text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 17, 2007
|Filing date
|Aug 15, 2001
|Priority date
|Aug 15, 2001
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Masood Garahi, Peter J. Stanforth
|Original Assignee
|Meshnetworks, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (113), Non-Patent Citations (18), Referenced by (78), Classifications (11), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to movable access points and repeaters in a wireless communications network for minimizing coverage and capacity constraints in the network. More particularly, the present invention relates to constantly moveable access points of a core network of an ad-hoc wireless packet-switched data communications network, which provide user terminals with access to the core network and also are capable of functioning as repeaters between user terminals to enhance the self healing capabilities of the ad-hoc network.
2. Description of the Related Art
Wireless communications networks, such as mobile wireless telephone networks, have become increasingly prevalent over the past decade. These wireless communications networks are commonly referred to as "cellular networks", because the network infrastructure is arranged to divide the service area into a plurality of regions called "cells".
Specifically, a terrestrial cellular network or other type of conventional specialized mobile radio (SMR) system includes a plurality of interconnected stationary base stations that are distributed geographically at designated locations throughout the service area. Each stationary base station includes one or more transceivers that are capable of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals, such as radio frequency (RF) communications signals, to and from user terminals, such as wireless telephones, located in its coverage area. The communications signals include, for example, voice data that has been modulated according to a desired modulation technique and transmitted as data packets. As can be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the transceiver and user terminals transmit and receive the data packets in multiplexed format, such as time-division multiple access (TDMA) format, code-division multiple access (CDMA) format, or frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) format, which enables a single transceiver at the base station to communicate simultaneously with several user terminals in its coverage area.
Each base station is also connected to one or more gateways that enable communication between the base station and other networks, such as the Internet and the public switched telephone network (PSTN). Accordingly, the base stations in the network enable the user terminals to communicate with each other, as well as with other destinations, such as telephony devices, in the PSTN.
Because each base station is stationary and can only handle a limited amount of communications signal traffic from the user terminals at any given time, the coverage area of a base station can vary depending on the amount of traffic that the base station is expected to experience. For example, the coverage area of a base station can be set to several miles in diameter in sparsely populated regions, such as rural regions having light wireless traffic, and can be set to less than a mile in diameter in densely populated regions, such as major metropolitan areas having heavy wireless traffic. The wireless communications network therefore must employ many stationary base stations in heavily populated metropolitan areas in order for the network to adequately service the user terminals in those regions.
The problem of providing an adequate number of base stations for a region is also exacerbated in areas where heavy commuting traffic occurs. For example, in metropolitan areas, millions of commuters may travel on specific stretches of highways during the morning and evening rush hour periods. However, at all other times of the day and on weekends, these stretches of highway may receive only a modest amount of traffic. Accordingly, it is impractical to deploy numerous base stations in these commuting areas simply to accommodate the few hours of increased activity per weekday. The number of base stations that can be deployed may also be limited due to space and zoning constraints. Hence, due to the lack of adequate base stations in these commuting areas, the network may be incapable of adequately servicing its subscribers during these busy commuting hours of the workday.
Other variables, such as the distance between a user terminal and a base station it is trying to access, interference in the base station's coverage area, the existence of structures such as buildings which block the line of sight (LOS) path between a user terminal and a base station, as well as regulatory and site restrictions, also create holes in the coverage areas which adversely affect the capacity capabilities of the network. Users become aware of such holes because they either lose service or get very poor service in a particular location. In certain instances, in order for a user terminal to greatly improve its service, the user terminal may need only move a few feet, for example, from behind a building blocking the user terminal's LOS with a base station to a position in the network that has adequate coverage and capacity capabilities.
Attempts to improve the coverage area provided by a base station include providing a rotating antenna at the fixed base station site. U.S. Pat. No. 6,222,504, incorporated herein by reference, discloses techniques for reorienting an antenna of a fixed base station. Although this solution may somewhat enhance the ability of a base station to service its coverage area, the coverage area itself remains fixed because the base station remains fixed. Another solution can be to make the base station towers mobile by making them airborne, such as on aircraft or on movable tracks. However, these solutions are difficult to deploy because of the size, cost and complexity of traditional base station equipment.
As can be further appreciated by one skilled in the art, it is also common for a mobile user terminal to travel between different base station coverage areas during use, that is, during a single telephone call. When this occurs, the base station whose coverage area the user terminal is leaving must transfer or "handoff" the user terminal to the base station whose coverage area the user terminal is entering, so that the latter base station can become the base station via which the user terminal and network continue to communicate. In densely populated areas having many base stations with small coverage areas, this handoff process may need to occur several times during a short period of time as the user terminal travels between the different coverage areas. However, in regions such as high traffic commuting regions having an inadequate number of base stations, more user terminals are competing for access to a base station within their coverage area. Accordingly, the number of lost or dropped calls that may occur during the handoff process can be increased due to the lack of adequate base station accessibility.
Many techniques have been developed using the circuit-switched cellular infrastructure to minimize data packet loss during handoff while also minimizing overhead necessary to successfully perform the handoff. For example, a technique known as "hard handoff" refers to a break-before-make technique where the original connection is dropped before the new connection is established. On the other hand, "soft handoff" is a make-before-break technique that maintains multiple simultaneous connections to the user terminal during handoff, and only drops the original connection after the new connection is established. Examples of soft handoff techniques are described in a publication by Wong et al. entitled "Soft Handoffs in CDMA Mobile Systems", IEEE Personal Communications, December 1997, pp. 6–17, in a publication by Wong et al. entitled "A Pattern Recognition System for Handoff Algorithms", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 18, No. 7, July 2000, pp. 1301–1312, and in TIA document TIA/EIA-95-B entitled "Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard for Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular Systems", Feb. 1, 1999, the entire contents of each of these documents being incorporated herein by reference.
With the arrival of the Internet in recent years, some wireless communications networks have moved away from the use of conventional cellular networks and their associated circuit switched routing techniques to improve voice communications services. Each mobile user terminal, telephony device, and any other device capable of communicating with the communications network, has a unique Internet Protocol (IP) address that uniquely identifies it from all other devices. A communications network employing IP sends data between destination points in digital form in discrete packets, rather than in the traditional circuit-committed protocols of the PSTN. Each of the data packets includes the sender's IP address as well as the intended receiver's IP address.
When a wireless user terminal, for example, transmits voice data to a base station of the communications network acting as the access point for the user terminal, a router associated with the base station reads the receiver IP address in the data packet. Each router includes a table of routing information, such as IP addresses of the devices local to the router, available routes, and so on. If the router recognizes from the receiver IP address that the data packet is intended for a telephony device in its immediate neighborhood or domain, the router forwards the data packet to that telephony device. However, if the router does not recognize the IP address as belonging to such a telephony device, the router forwards the data packet to an appropriate adjacent gateway in, for example, the Internet. The router of that gateway then reads the receiver IP address in the data packet, and either delivers the data packet to the appropriate telephony device in its domain, or forwards the data packet to another gateway. Once a router in a gateway recognizes the receiver IP address as belonging to a telephony device in its domain, the router in that gateway delivers the data packet to that telephony device.
It can be also noted that the use of IP to route data packets in a communications network enables the network to handle data other than voice data. For example, such IP techniques can be used to expand the versatility of the network to communicate audio, video or multimedia data between user terminals. Such networks can be configured as packet-switched data networks, as opposed to traditional circuit switched networks. A communications network employing a packet-switched core network is described, for example, in U.S. patent No. 7,072,650 entitled "Ad Hoc Peer-to-Peer Mobile Radio Access System Interfaced to the PSTN and Cellular Networks", issued on Jul. 4, 2006, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference. An example of a wireless local area network (LAN) having mobility is set forth in IEEE Standard 802.11, Aug. 20, 1999, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
As in traditional cellular communications networks, wireless user terminals in a wireless communications network employing IP can be mobile, and can thus periodically change their access point to the network. Also, wireless user terminals can move outside their "home" network and become temporarily affiliated with a foreign network, and thus communicate via an access point on that foreign network.
Hence, as with traditional cellular communications networks, similar problems can arise in these packet-switched data networks which service mobile user terminals. That is, these types of networks can also experience an increased occurrence of dropped or lost data communications for mobile user terminals, and the inability of mobile user terminals to adequately access the network, if the number of access points deployed in high traffic areas is inadequate. U.S. Pat. No. 6,222,463, incorporated herein by reference, discloses a device that can be placed in vehicles to provide information about the vehicle to fixed roadside base stations to enable the base stations to track the vehicles. However, this patent does not provide any suitable solution for eliminating the problems discussed above relating to holes in the coverage areas of traditional cellular networks or packet-switched data networks. Accordingly, a need exists for a packet-switched data network having improved coverage and capacity capabilities, and a minimal amount of holes in its coverage area.
An object of the present invention is to provide a system and method for improving the ability of a wireless communications network, such as a packet-switched data communications network, to provide service to mobile user terminals.
Another object of the present invention is to provide mobile access points for a wireless communications network, in particular, a packet-switched data communications network, to minimize the amount of holes in the coverage areas of the network to thus improve service to mobile user terminals accessing the network.
These and other objects of the present invention are substantially achieved by providing a mobile access point, adapted for use with a packet-switched communications network comprising at least one fixed access point, to provide a mobile wireless user terminal with access to the network, and a method for using the same. The mobile access point comprises at least one transceiver, which adapted to transmit and receive communications signals to and from the wireless user terminal, and to operate as a communications link between the wireless user terminal and the fixed access point, to provide the wireless user terminal with access to the network via the communications link, and which is housed in a structure that is adapted to mount on or in a mobile vehicle. The mobile access point further includes a power connection, that is adapted to couple to a substantially constant power supply, such as the power supply of the mobile vehicle, to provide substantially constant power to the transceiver. The transceiver is further adapted to provide a second communications link between the user terminal an another user terminal, or between the mobile access point and another mobile access point of the network. The mobile access point further includes technology, such as global positioning system (GPS) technology, which adapted to determine a geographic location of the mobile access point.
These and other objects, advantages and novel features of the invention will be more readily appreciated from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Each IAP 104, 106 and 108 is an infrastructure device containing at least one transceiver and at least one embedded processor. In this example, each IAP 104, 106 and 108 further includes a 10/100 Base-T Ethernet connection. However, the IAPs 104, 106 and 108 can include any type of high-speed connection suitable for coupling to the core LAN 102. An IAP 104, 106 and 108 is configured to remain in a fixed location, such as on a building rooftop or in a building ceiling, and is provided with a permanent source of power, such as alternating current or any other suitable power source.
As described in more detail below, an IAP 104, 106 and 108 operates to provide access for subscriber devices, such as mobile user terminals 118, to wired services provided by the network 100. Each IAP 104, 106 and 108 also provides a respective fixed and known position and location reference, relay and wireless routing for user terminals 118 within its area of coverage, and the principle network management interface with transceivers in wireless routers and subscriber devices, such as user terminals 118. Each wired IAP 104, 106 and 108 can be referred to generally as a "fixed node" on the network 100, while the mobile user terminal 118 can be referred to as a "mobile node". The wired IAP 104, 106 and 108 can also function as access points to the network 100 for user terminals 118 forming an ad-hoc network as described, for example, in U.S. patent No. 7,072,650 entitled "Ad Hoc Peer-to-Peer Mobile Radio Access System Interfaced to the PSTN and Cellular Networks", issued on Jul. 4, 2006, and as in U.S. Pat. No. 5,943,322 to Mayor, the entire contents of each being incorporated by reference herein.
The network 100 further may include a media server 120 for delivering types of media such as video and multimedia data to the core LAN 102, and a domain name server (DNS) 122 for translating Internet domain names into Internet Protocol (IP) addresses in a manner as known in the art. The network 100 may also include a PSTN gateway 124 which provides data access between the network 100 and the PSTN 126, and an IP gateway router 128 which provides data access between the network 100 and the Internet 130.
Further details of the network 100 and its operation will now be described. For purposes of this discussion, the terms "IAP" and "node" or "fixed node" will be used interchangeably, as well as the terms "user terminal" and "mobile node". The wired IAPs 104, 106 and 108 on the core LAN 102 are all fully connected to a single virtual segment. As can be appreciated by one skilled in the art, all IAPs 104, 106 and 108 (fixed nodes) on the virtual segment are directly accessible from any other node at the logical link layer. IP routing is not used to reach any other node on the virtual segment. The IP subnet for this virtual segment is large enough to encompass all of the IAPs 104, 106 and 108, and all mobile nodes 118 in a single broadcast domain. The virtual segment may include media access control layer (MAC-layer) bridges and switches (not shown) between the IAPs 104, 106 and 108, as needed, to filter unicast frames from using bandwidth on non-required links.
The wired IAPs 104, 106 and 108 will, by definition, have two network interfaces, one of which is connected to the network via a wire-line link, and the other being a wireless transceiver. Both of these interfaces will have IP addresses from the core network's IP subnet. An IAP 104, 106 and 108 must then retain an IP routing table indicating that the IP of the wireless transceiver interface is reachable on that interface, while all other IP addresses on that subnet are reachable directly on the wired interface. IP's outside the core network's subnet are reachable via the core network's directly accessible IP router gateway 128.
In addition to having fixed IAPs 104, 106 and 108, the network can employ mobile IAPs 132. Each mobile IAP 132 is similar to a fixed IAP 104, 106 or 106 in that it operates to provide access for subscriber devices, such as mobile user terminals 118, to wired services provided by the network 100. As shown in
The mobile IAP 132 can be small so as to be mounted on the interior or exterior of a vehicle 146 (see
The mobile IAP 132 further has a connection 140 to a substantially constant external power supply, such as the 12V DC power supply of the vehicle 138. The mobile IAP 132 can further include positioning functionality 141, such as global positioning system (GPS) functionality, differential navigation functionality, or other positioning functionality such as various triangulation techniques as can be appreciated by one skilled in the art, which enables the IAP 132 to know its actual geographic location and to provide this information to the network 100 and to the user terminals 118 using or attempting to use the mobile IAP 132 as their access point to the network 100.
Referring back to
Hence, as shown in
Accordingly, the functionality of the mobile IAPs 132 and 132-1 as described above provide a sufficiently mobile infrastructure for the network 100, which minimizes the number of the holes in coverage as well as the amount of time that such holes in coverage exist at any location in the network 100. A user terminal 118 who remains stationary may see the signal quality ebb and flow as this infrastructure moved, but would on average observe acceptable signal levels. Also, as can be appreciated by one skilled in the art, modem existing protocols (such as TCP/IP) can overcome the small periods of time when coverage became unacceptable without breaking the connection or loosing data packets. In addition, due to the self-healing features of the ad-hoc network, the coverage and capacity provided by the mobile IAPs 132 and 132-1 will generally be greatest at the locations with the greatest number of user terminals 118.
Another advantage provided the mobile IAPs 132 and 132-1 is that they can aggregate traffic to the core LAN 102 (see
Furthermore, if the mobile IAPs 132 or 132-1 are moving at a relatively constant rate and relatively slowly in relation to the mobile user terminals 118, they will have the added benefit of minimizing the Doppler shift issues that plague mobile radio. That is, as can be appreciated by one skilled in the art, Doppler shift issues are more significant for a user terminal 118 travelling at 70 mph with respect to a stationary IAP (e.g., IAP 104, 106 or 108) in comparison to those associated with a user terminal 118 travelling at 70 mph and a mobile IAP 132 or 132-1 which is moving at 35 mph relative to a stationary IAP 104, 106 or 108 and the core LAN 102, because the relative movement between the user terminal 118 and mobile IAP 132 or 132-1 is only 35 mph, and the relative movement between the mobile IAP 132 or 132-1 and the stationary IAP 104, 106 and 108 and core LAN 102 is only 35 mph. Hence, the overall Doppler shift effect is reduced.
Although only a few exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the exemplary embodiments without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of this invention. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this invention as defined in the following claims.
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|International Classification
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|Aug 15, 2001
Owner name: MESHNETWORKS, INC., FLORIDA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:GARAHI, MASOOD;STANFORTH, PETER J.;REEL/FRAME:012101/0981
Effective date: 20010815
|Sep 22, 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Sep 24, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


text:
This Weird New Pet Brush Has You Brushing Your Cat With Your Tongue!
Tiger Found Wandering around Conroe Texas
Video Of Tiger Walking Through Rush Hour Traffic Will Blow Your Mind!
See This Hoodie With a Pocket for Your Pet (PHOTO)Here's one to put on your Christmas list!
What Does Your Choice In Pets Say About You?Does your pet fit your personality?
Ready For A FREE Pet Saturday?The Dallas Morning News reports over 50 shelters plan to participate in the annual "Clear The Shelters" adoption campaign, with plans to find hundreds of homes for pets!
Pet of the Week: CarbonCarbon is 2 1/2 years old, her mother is a purebred basset hound and her dad is a Labradoodle.
Pet Of The Week: Carson The Cowboy Is Looking For A New Ranch
Pet Of The Week: Eddie is Ready for a Home!
Pet Of The Week: Molly Is An Adorable Princess In Need Of A CastleMolly is a princess looking for a castle.
Zazza Zoo: Check Out Sweet-Faced CharityCharity is a sweet purebred Weimaraner looking for a good home to snuggle in.
Pet Of The Week: Liesl Is A Lump Of LoveSweet Liesl is a lump of love looking for a forever home in this week's Zazza Zoo.

subset: commoncrawl


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Juliette Gordon Low Birthplace is offering approximately 20 travel'ship
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text:
Chase v. Wetzlar
Annotate this Case
- Syllabus
- Case
U.S. Supreme Court
Chase v. Wetzlar, 225 U.S. 79 (1912)
Chase v. Wetzlar
No. 1045
Submitted April 22, 1912
Decided May 27, 1912
Where the jurisdiction of the Circuit Court is dependent, under § 8 of the Act of 1875, upon property affected being within the jurisdiction, the defendants not being therein, the fact that the bill was dismissed because complainants failed to prove the existence of any property within the jurisdiction does not affect the right of a direct appeal to this Court under § 5 of the Act of 1891.
The burden of proof as to the existence of property to be affected by the decree within the jurisdiction of the Circuit Court in order to give it jurisdiction under § 8 of the Act of March 3, 1875, c. 137, 18 Stat. 472, is on the complainant.
While averments of some jurisdictional facts may prima facie be taken as true where the questions do not address themselves to want of all foundation of jurisdiction, and in such cases the burden is on the one assailing sufficiency or verity, the burden of proving an averment of a fact absolutely necessary to the exertion of the power of the court to render a binding decree is on the party pleading.
The jurisdiction conferred by § 8 of the Act of 1875 rests upon a real, and not an imaginary or constructive, basis.
The circuit court does not have jurisdiction of a suit against an absent executor in the state where the will was probated unless the property to be affected by the decree is actually within the jurisdiction of the court.
The fact that the state court might, by virtue of its authority in a particular contingency, exert jurisdiction over an absent executor
of a will probated in the courts of that state as to the disposition of property beyond its territorial jurisdiction does not clothe a circuit court of the United States with jurisdiction under § 8 of the Act of 1875.
The facts, which involve the jurisdiction of this Court under § 5 of the Act of 1891 and of the Circuit Court under § 8 of the Act of 1875, are stated in the opinion.
Disclaimer: Official Supreme Court case law is only found in the print version of the United States Reports. Justia case law is provided for general informational purposes only, and may not reflect current legal developments, verdicts or settlements. We make no warranties or guarantees about the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the information contained on this site or information linked to from this site. Please check official sources.


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You're Invited...
On behalf of the American Cancer Society, we are pleased to announce "South Texas Strong" - the 29th annual Cattle Baron's Ball to be held March 28, 2015 at the Coastal Bend Bays & Estuaries Program, Nueces Delta Preserve (the former McGregor Ranch) near Odem. The incomparable Dwight Yoakam will be headlining this spectacular event, complete with dinner by Don Strange of Texas, exciting auctions, and lively gaming areas. This ranch-style gala, a perennial favorite, is unique because of its location and relaxed atmosphere, combined with the proven ability to raise funds for a deserving cause.


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We use "cookies" to collect information. Click here to read more.
FIFA.com spoke to the Argentinian Juan Manuel Cordoba about his experience at January's FIFA Ballon d'Or Gala - his prize for winning FIFA Ultimate Trivia 2015.
This week we feature an attacking Argentinian, a goal-scoring German, an American pioneer in women's football and a Ghanaian great who are among those celebrating birthdays.


text: FACEBOOKShare on FacebookTWITTERShare on TwitterShare on LinkedinShare by emailLifeMath in the Real WorldWhere are they now? In 1981 Paddy Spence (top left) did quite well in algebra class. He now runs Levlad, a major natural products company based in Los Angeles. Michael Eberstadt (top right) was an algebra star, but he doesn't think about it much now. He owns two pizza parlors and the restaurant Bayou in Harlem. After our algebra class, Jay Shepherd (bottom left) turned from math to liberal arts. He's the principal at Shepherd Law Group in Boston. As a freelance reporter, Carolyn Kellogg (bottom right) does not use much algebra. But she does know the quadratic equation. - Photos: Courtesy Carolyn Kellogg


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text:
Manchester United are eyeing MK Dons winger Dele Alli.
Alli, who has been likened to Steven Gerrard, has been a long-term target for Liverpool.
The People says United are trying to hijack Liverpool's bid to sign the teen.
The 18 year-old is an England U18 international and was born and raised in Milton Keynes.
For the big stories and the banter follow us on Twitter: @tribalfootball


text:
Issue date: Thursday, January 16, 1936
Pages available: 4
Previous edition: Wednesday, January 15, 1936
Next edition: Friday, January 17, 1936
Publication name: Arcadia Daily Tribune
Location: Arcadia, California
Pages available: 327
Years available: 1934 - 1938Learn more about this publication
Arcadia Daily Tribune (Newspaper) - January 16, 1936, Arcadia, California Arcadia9» Home Newspaper . ALL THE HOME NEWS ALL TUE TIME Phone 2131 t THE ARCADIADEVOTED TO THE PROGRESS AND PROSPERITY OF ARCADiA Arcadia9* Home Newspaper TRIBUNE WANT ADS GET RESULTS Phone 2131 jk Vol. I, NO. If Arcadia, California, Thursday, January 16, 1936 Singie Copy 5c I '36 OFF Buildinf Total To Date Paste« $30,000 Mark, Report At City Hall Shows ANOTHER RECORD-MAKER indications Revealed Thus Far Show '36 Construction To Be High Building permits Issued thus far In the year 1936 total $30,025, according to information released today (Thursday) from the city hall. The 1935 total in Arcadia placed the Queen City up in 21st position among Southern California communities and the start of this year's building program in Arcadia gives every indication that 1936 will be another big building year here. Permits granted since January 8 follow: H. R. Munson, 69 Colorado boulevard, repairing of dwelling and repairing of dwelling and reroofing, $135; J. H. Stoesser, 1507 So. Sixth avenue, garage and storeroom, $500; A. R. Hoover for William Oldham, 40 Forest avenue, erect residence and garage, $3,750; Maud Brock, erect garage, 429 Norman avenue, $600; John D. Gregg, 270 West Orange prove, erect dwelling, $10,000. WORLD WIDE MEWS FLASHES From International News Service COMPLETE LIST WIFE VISITS HAUPTMANN TRENTON, N. J., Jan. 16. (INS)—Bruno Richard Hauptmann's wife, Anna, visited him in the State Prison today for what may be the last time and told him it seemed "all hope is lost"—that he must die in the electric chair tomorrow night. She was dry-eyed throughout the interview which took place before the screen mesh of Hauptmann's cell, but her face was pale and deeply lined with marks of sorrow. Hauptmann heard the bad news without displaying any emotion. He gazed silently at his loyal wife for a few seconds and changed the subject to their baby—Mannfried, aged two years. HOPE FOR ELLSWORTH REVIVED LONDON, Jan. 16. (INS)—Hope for the safety otf Lincoln Ellsworth, American explorer missing for nearly two months in the Antarctic, was suddenly revived today. A committee in London in charge of a search for Ellsworth received a radiogram from the master of the exploration ship Discovery II indicating a man had been sighted on the Bay of Whales and that an airplane had been located at Little America. It was hoped the man might be Ellsworth. LINDBERGHS IN ROME ROME Jan. 16. (INS)—Col. and Mrs. Charles A. Lindbergh were reported here today to be seeking lease of a Villa at Alassio, a little town on the Italian Riviera, less than 100 miles east of Nice and Monte Carlo. The report, carried by an Italian News Agency, said they already had selected a large house there, and that they were awaiting permission of the landlord to cut trees to make an airplane landing field before closing the deal. Pan-Pacific Poultry Exposition Closes Sunday After 9-Day Showing In L. A. LOCAL ENTrIesT WIN PRIZES GREAT BRITAIN DENIES REPORT LONDON, Jan. 16. (INS)—The British Government today disclaimed the authoritatively reported intention of abandoning leadership of the League of Nations in its sanctions fight against Italy. FLASH-BULLETIN TRENTON, N. J., Jan. 16 (INS)— Gov. Harold G. Hoffman of New Jersey today granted Bruno Richard Hauptmann a 30-day reprieve, once more postponing the electrocution of the convicted kidnaper of the Lindbergh baby. ..Hauptmann was scheduled to fo to the electric chair tomorrow. SOVIETS PLAN FOR LARGE NAVY MOSCOW» Jan. 16. (INS)—News that the Soviet Union is rushing construction of a surface and submarine fleet that should eventually reach "the level of other navies" burst today on a world already nerv- Lean's entries piled up 138 points ously envisioning 4 n*val race, with Japan out of the London conference................ Exhibition Recognized As Best Ever Held On This Side Of The Rockies On Sunday, January 19, the curtain will be brought tiown on the most elaborate poultry show ever held west of the Rocky Mountain! when the Pan-Pacific Poultry Exposition at ths spacious Pan-Pacific Auditorium closes its 9-day presentation. Arcadians were included among the prize winners, the purvey of the complete list of awards of the show revealed early this week. Lewis T. McLean, 1308 South First avenue, grabbed off a lion's share of the prizes in the White Leghorn class. As judged by Loring N. Kirk, Upland, California, nationally known judge and local director of the American Poultry Association, Me- Councilmen May Adjourn To Attend Tax Confab With the meeting scheduled for southland civic and county officials to discuss the "tax equalization" situation falling on the night of the regular city council session . . . January 21 . . . the city councilmen here will probably adjourn next week's session, it was announced today by Mayor Richard Krebs, Jr. County heads, including the Board of Supervisors, and officials from many Southern California communities have already accept* ed invitations to the affair to be held in the main dining room of the Santa Anita Inn. LETTER, MAILED OUT TODAY. Voters Of Arcadia City School District Given Details Of Plans Which Could Be Arranged Through Federal Aid In Adding To Holly Avenue School and Kindergarten POST CARD BALLOT SENT OUT WITH LETTER FROM BOARD • SELECT JURY IN FITTS TRIAL LOS ANGELES, Jan. 16. (INS)—Selection of a Jury to try Dist. Atty. Buron Fitts on perjury charges was to continue here today, with the trial scheduled to consume at least a week. Fitts is accused of testifying falsely before the 1931 Grand Jury on a real estate transaction case growing out of the sensational Hollywood "Love Mart" hearing in which he recommended dismissal of John P. Mills, wealthy real estate man. despite the fact that the Arcadian did not have entries- in either the cockerel or young pen divisions Next in line came Charles Rimell, Bellflower, who amassed 114 digits with his birds. Another Arcadian broke into the list of prize winners in the White Leghorn class, Edward B. Collins capturing a third place on pullet and fourth on cockerel. McLean's first hen was also judged as one of the outstanding en- LOS ANGELES, Jan. 16. (INS)— Los Angeles Poultry Market: Hens, Leghorns, 2)4 to 3*4 lbs., 17c Hens, Leghorns, over 2 $4 and up to 4 lbs., 17c Hens, Leghorns, VA to 4 lbs., 17c Hens, Leghorns, over 4 lbs., 17c, Hens, Colored, 314 to 4 lbs., 23c. Hens, Colored, 4 lbs. and up, 24c. Broilers, over 1 and up to V/s lbs, 24c Broilers, over 1% and up to 2)4 lbs., 24c, Fryers, Leghorn«, over 2% and up to 3 lbs., 18c. Fryers, Barred Rocks, over 2% and up to 314 lbs., 24c. Fryers, other than Barred Rocks, over 2lk to 3tt lbs,, 24c. Roasters, soft bone Barred Rocks, over lbs. and up, 24c. Roasters, soft bone, other than Barred Rocks, over ZK lbs., 24c. Young Tom Turkeys, 14 lbs. and up > to 18 lbs., 21c. Hen Turkeys, 9 lbs, and up, 23c. ,«tags, 12c. Old Roosters, 11c. Ducklings, 19c. Old Duck«, 11c. Geese, 16c. Squabs, 11 lbs., doc. 28c. Capons, 7 lbs, and up, 28c. Capons, under 7 lbs., 26c. Rabbits No. 1 white 3Vfc to 4J/4, 12c Rabbits, No. 1, mixed 3tt to 4tt, 10c RabblU, old, 6c. LOB ANGELES, Jan. 16, (INS)— gutter and Egg Market; Butter-? Extras, 35He Prime Firsts, 34*/4c Standards, 34c Undergrade, 34c Large Eggs— Candled Clean Extras, 34c Candled Light Dirty Extras, 28c Candled Clean Standards, 23c Candled Light Dirty Standards, 28c Candled Checks, 22c Medium Eggs— Candled Clean Extras, 23c Candled Light Dirty Extras, Sic Candled Clean Standards, SSc SENATE TO CONSIDER BONDS WASHINGTON, Jan. 16. (INS)—By unanimous consent, the Senate today agreed to begin consideration tomorrow of the new "Baby Bond'* Bonus Bill authorizing immediate payment of $2,491,000,000 to World War. tries in the exposition, veterans with Federal bonds. • The complete list of prize winners This arrangement was made after Senator McNary (R) of Oregon, follow: Minority leader, objected to immediate consideration of tl\e bill. He said Dark Barred Rocks—D T Wie-the Senate had had no opportunity to study the Hill. . land> L c<§ star Ringlet Co; 3 c, 5 h" 8 ckl., 2 pf; H. Starbuck, 4 c, 7, 8, 9, 10 h, 4, 10 lwl, 3, 4, 7 p, 3 y p; Scholl & Scholl 5, 8 ck, 1, 6 p, 1 ckl, best male, 1 y p,; Joe Unterleiter, 6 c, 2, 3 h., 3, 7 ckl. O. W. Carney 9 c, DOG KENNEL OWN£R TO BE TRIED TOMORROW IN POLICE COURT ON VIOLATION OF ORDINANCE 214 Miss Louise Vinsonhaler, 1602 until «January 1 to do so. This she ! ^ 5* R0y South Baldwin avenue, dog-kennel* owner arrested this week under tfye charge of violating Ordinance 214, will be tried tomorrow (Friday) in necessary. the local police court before Judge xhe main mnt Qf ordinance No. failed to do, holding that she is in * 5 c^» 10 p, 2 y p. C. E. Battello the right, and this week declaring ^ ®on* 2 c, 8 p. Mr. and Mrs. she would take the case to court if Sloan, 6 y p. F. H. Mil lard, 0 h. P. A. Bryant 6 ckl. C. B. Phifer 2 ckl, 9 p. A, G. Goodacre, Ardene Boiler. With complaints filed against her by neighbors, Miss Vinsonhaler was advised last summer by the council, ^nnels an? pot at least 250 teet to vacate her kennels, giving her from surrounding residents, 214 violated by Miss Vinsonhaler, according to complaints, is that her Peter» Pilots Three Winner» At Sania Anita Maurice (Maury) Peters, 1934 riding champion, rode the first "triple" of the present meeting at Santa Anita Park yesterday. Peters piloted Sunrap under the wire first in the third, was up on Malmaison in the fifth, and then crashed home with Flashing Col* ors In the seventh* He had five mounts on the day's card. VOLUNTEER TRAFFIC COP SAN ANTONIO, Tex., —(INS)— Deputy sheriffs were startled when they were summoned by telephone to come down to an intersection near San Antonio and take control of traffic from a stylishly dressed revolver-waving young woman. The deputies got there too late, but they were assured by motorists that the woman had branlshed the gun and forced them to turn into side roads. She was described as being about 20, pretty, stylishly gowned with the exception of the revolver holster. Will Make Trip To Goodwill Industries Mrs. Jessie O. Stewart makes the announcement that at the Woman's Club there is a newly formed president's club, whose main object for the year is aiding the Goodwill Industries. On Wednesday, January 29th, she will conduct a pilgrimage to this organization, which should prove very interesting. \ PARADE COPYRIGHT L v.RZEHAK 4 y p. Light Barred Rocks—F. Thornton 2 c, 9 h, 1, 4, 6 ckl, 7, 9 p, 1 y p; C. J. Coppen 1 c, 8 h, 2 ckl, 5 y p; Merton A. Landon, 4 c, 4 h, 8 ckl, 8 p; A. L. Godwin, 9 c; Mr. and Mrs. Howard J. Sloan, 7 c; A. G. Goodacre, 6, 8 c, 5 p, 2 y p; Roy F. Brown, 3 c, 7 h, 5 ckl, 6 p, 3 y p; Scholl & Scholl, 5 c, 1, 2 h, 10 ckl 3 p, 1 p, 4 y p; C, B. Phifer, 6 h; Stanley Foote, 5 h; Star Ringlet Co., 3 h; James Whitney, 7 ckl; D. T. Wieland, 3 ckl, 4 p; P. A. Bryant, 9 ckl, 2, 10 p, 1 o p; C. R. Green, 6 y p. White Plymouth Rocks—Sussex Farm 3 c; Oliver E. Bowen 1 c, best male; 2, 5 h, 1, 2 ckl; 1 p best female,4 p; 1 y p; Mary M. Smith, 2 c, 4 h, 3 ckl, 2 p; John Brittain, 1 h; E. J. Demler & Son, 3 h, 4, 5 ckl, 2 y p; C. E. Battelle & Son, 3, 5 p. Buff Plymouth Rocks — Helen Mackintosh Main, 1 c, 1 h, 1 p; Noted Hollywood Presbyterian To Speak At Dinner Of Mens' Fellowship Dr. Stewart McLennan of the Hollywood First Presbyterian Church tomorrow night (Friday) will deliver a great message by word and picture at the monthly dinner-meeting of the Men's Fellowship Class of the Arcadia Community Church. The dinner will start at 6:30 p. m. in the social hall of the church. A regular Sunday evening speaker over KNX, Dr. McLennan, who only recently returned from a trip to the Orient, is one of the most sought-after speakers in the southland. "He has never failed to give a greatt message," Rev. N. Milo Fiske, pastor of the Arcadia Community Church, said today. Reservations can still be placed with Roy Pike, phone 597, or with Ed Stevenson, phone 2391. "Bring a friend along, and help create good fellowship in our community," Rev. Fiske has urged. Call For Water, Run Off With 3 Quarts Of Oil Driving into E. B. Brewer's service station at the corner of Du-» arte road and Santa Anita avenue, supposedly for water and air, three Negroes yesterday afternoon made away with a quart of oil apieee. This information was given yesterday on the Arcadia police department blotter by Mr. Brewer. i Mother Of Cyril Sharkey Dies In Denver Yesterday Mrs. Mary K. Sharkey, mother of Cyril Sharkey, member of the Arcadia police department, passed away in Denver, Colo., yesterday afternoon. Word of his mothers' death was received here yesterday by Mr. Sharkey. She was 76 years old, and had lived in Denver most of her lifetime. No word has been received here concerning the funeral arrangements, the police officer said this morning. Mrs. Sharkey leaves two living sons, Cyril of Arcadia, and Harold M. of Denver, and six daughters, Sale Of Rest Of School Bonds In Amount of $10,000 Is Question Raised By Trustees In Message Today; Federal Funds Would Swell Total To $50,000 Mark, Report Says Seeking a cross-section of the point of view of Arcadians toward the selling of the remaining school bonds in the amount of $10,000.00 for the building program outlined below, the Board of Trustees of the Arcadia City School District today mailed out ballots for a "straw-vote" poll on the issue. The letter, scheduled to be placed in the mails today, along with a post card ballot, follows: Arcadia, Calif>---- January 16, 1936 j Dear Citizen: It is the policy of the board to keep the community informed through various channels about its schools, particularly regarding those matters involving expenditures for buildings and the reasons therefor. The Arcadia City Schools have been experiencing an unusual increase in enrollment since the opening of school last September. The enrollment has increased from 762 to 840 pupils at the present time. This increase has been steady and substantial, a type that is indicative of the growth of our community. All classrooms are now in use. To • house the pupils gained since last September requires the equivalent of two classrooms. Over half of the classes have heavy enrollments ranging from 35 to 56 pupils. From these figures one can readily recognize the need for more classrooms and the immediate problem of th board to provide these facilities at a minimum cost to the district. At the present time the district has on hand unsold bonds in the amount of $10,000. This amount in bonds was saved by the board as a result of a federal contribution in free labor in the reconstruction of First avenue school. These bonds could now be sold and this amount, together with a free gift in labor and materials from the federal government, could be used to build additional classrooms. The federal government is now making very liberal contributions in labor and materials for projects of Arcadia Council Of Scouters To Convene In City Hall On Monday, Jan. 27 Earl Kingston, chairman of the Arcadia Council, Boy Scouts of America, today announced the January meeting of this organiza-j tion will be held in the Chamber of Commerce offices of the city hall on Monday evening, January 27. The time of the meeting has been set at 7:30 p. m., Instead of 7 o'clock. Reports from various committee chairmen is billed for this meeting, to which Kingston has made a plea for a full attendance. On next Monday night at the American Legion hall in Pasadena, Scout Council members from all parts of the Pasadena-San Gabriel Valley unit will convene, Kingston said this morning. National Director Keane of New York is to be the featured speaker. El Monte, Locals Open Cage Session Tomorrow Smarting under the surprise 25-20 drubbing handed them in their final this kind through WPA. We have \ pre-season practice tilt last Tuesday been advised that their contribution by Covina, members of the Monro-would be approximately four times via-Arcadia-Duarte high school bas-the amount furnished by the district. I ketball team tomorrow night face El Thus, for a $10,000 contribution by the district we could get a $§0,000 improvement. Also, we were advised that the district wouJd have time to make application and have the work done if acted on at once. Considering the crowded conditions in the Holly avenue school, especially in the kindergarten, and the Monte in the first San Gabriel Valley League encounter. The game will start at 8 o'clock in the Ivy avenue gym in Monrovia. El Monte, rated as one of the best entries in the casaba race this winter. will be pre-game favorites. The Wildcats, after capturing the initial practice battle of the year against HIS HOME A BURDEN FORT WORTH, Tex., —(INS) — George Remsey brought down the repair a water pipe. Accidently he dislodged a support. Down came house. He crawled underneath to one side of the house, pinning him | Townsend and McGroarty to the ground. Neighbors extricated Disagree on policy. Remsey from his unusual predicament. Colonel House of war-time fame Finds his once so famous name Raises Senate quizzing ire; Senate sets the House on fire. Patzy Grimmett, not quite three, Finds cigars are what agree Better than a cigaret; She'll sure make some teacher's pet McAdoo in red hot fight, Leaving Democrats in plight, With Sinclair around the corner, Mother Goose's kid, Jack Horner. Navy launching under weigh Oi a drive so traffic may Be made safer on the street; But they'd better keep the fleet Safely anchored in the bay, Out of auto warrior's way. So what! t R. U ORR mbs four in Denver, one in Utah, and Thomas & Eudora Meek, 1, 2, 3 ckl, one *n Detroit, Mich. 2, 3, 4 p, 1, 2 y p. Partridge Plymouth Rocks—O. E. Bowen, Jr., 1 h, 1 ckl; Animal Land, 1 p, 2 ckl; Mrs. R. F. Hurdke, 3 ckl, 2 p. Columbia Plymouth Rocks—Har-ly L. Phillips, 1, 2 c, 1, 2, 3 h, 1, 2 p. White Wyandottes — Forestdale Ranch, 7 c, best male, 2 h, 3, 4, ckl, 4, 5; 1 y p; Mr. and Mrs. H, L. Miller, 2, 5 h, 1 c p, 2 y p; Hudson Kimball, 3 c, 6 h, 7 ckl, 3 p; F. L. O'Neil, 4 c, 2 ckl; B. S. Pilz, 3 h; Mr. and Mrs. Dwight A. Coburn, 4 h, 6 ; Arnold E. Dlbley, 1, best female, 7 h, 6 ckl, 1, 2j 7 p; Harry P. Biack-shaw, 5 ckl. Silver Laced Wyandotte—Carl G. Loeber, 1, best male, c, 1 h, 3 ckl, 1 p, best female; Chester E. Mosteller, 1 ckl, 2 p; J. P. English & Son, (Continued on Pag« I) Thursday, January 16—Program to be given in Community Church social hall by Cotton-Blossom Singers. Silver offering. 9 » 9 January 17 * "Highway Safety Conference" at 10 a. m.—Georgia Street Receiving Hospital. * * * January 24th—Men's Fellowship dinner-meeting at Community Church. Dr. Stewart McLennan, speaker. » ♦ ♦ Saturday, January 25th—Public dance at American Legion hall, Don Williams' orchestra. tact that the original plans of the J Maricopa, have dropped three con* plant still provide for additions, the board proposes a two classTOom extension to the southeast wing with a full basement underneath adequate for school assemblies, etc., additional fixtures in the present toilet rooms, and a separate kindergarten unit. Thus, a long felt need for larger kindergarten facilities would be realized and their present room would be available for regular class work. Other minor improvements are to be included. Cordially yours, BOARD OF TRUSTEES ARCADIA CITY SCHOOL DISTRICT. Wood Glover John H. Wheeler C. W. Shier secutlve contests, losing to South Pasadena and Muir Tech }n addition to Covina. A lightweight preliminary will open tomorrow evening's basketball menu. Today's Results FIRST RACE Phenologist 32.20 Proud Indian Roust SECOND RACE Attauquechee XDM Bright Pam Let's Pretend ItM 9 M IM iM % M 4 M 2.40 HAIRPIN SURGERY DALLAS, Tex., — (INS) -- Billy Dean, aged four, got a pencil lodged in his left nostril and couldn't get it out. Dr. V. A. Dean at the Emei* gency Hospital worked in vain for several minutes. Dr. G. J. Norden-brock was called in, but none of his Instruments could do any good, Mrs. W. R. Moilett, office secretary, Things looked bad for Billy. Then, offered a hairpin. That did the tncl$. A WHOLESALE HUNTER PRAGUE. (INS;—What one may call a "master sh>tM was fired by Anton Brldisch, huntsman near Komjatice In Siovacla. Anton tired one shot from his hunting rifle and *••• hit and killed two hares, hit and mounded a farmer, the latter'» wife, two cows an done goat. ;


text: Posted March 1, 2012 9. Carolina Panthers: Dontari Poe*, DT, Memphis. Poe has been talked about primarily as a nose tackle, but after displaying elite athleticism at the Combine, the Panthers grab him to play tackle in their 4-3 scheme. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


text: I am having a dual core system with 4gb ram. The issue is that I worry that my CPU is getting heated. I came to know that by a desktop software. But after sometime things goes normal. Does I need to change the CPU fan for the same. What is the best options for a CPU fan I can add up to protect my processor form getting heated up. I need some suggestion for CPU cooling.


text:
We have changed 3 of the 4 o2 sensors on this car, it still throws the code whenever it feels like it. Got it scanned and they said the bank 2 sensor 2 wasn't following the rest of them. Is bank 1 the side by the firewall? and could my whole problem be sensor 1 on bank 1?
by olay in Mandan, ND on July 05, 2010


text:
The Meaning of Participation: White Protestant
Women in Antebellum Houston Churches
Texas, "unanimously resolved that a letter of dismission be granted
to our beloved Sister Ruer that she may join the congregation to which
her husband [belongs] in conformity with the ecclesiastical duty ... and
that Brother Hadley write her that letter."' This sentiment is typical of
the records of not only the First Baptist Church at this time, but also of
two other of Houston's first churches: the First Presbyterian Church and
Christ Church (Episcopal). Organized religion in nineteenth-century
Houston reinforced society's expectations of women. As in other South-
ern states, Texas women were expected-and expected themselves-to
live up to the ideal of "True Womanhood" and to exemplify the virtues
of "piety, purity, submissiveness[,] and domesticity."2 Sister Ruer, as a
beloved church member, exhibited piety and purity; in marrying, she
displayed desire for domesticity; and by joining the church of her hus-
band, she demonstrated submissiveness.
What is atypical about this resolution is finding such an explicit recog-
nition of the church's affection for a woman-or, for that matter, any
recognition of women. As in most of the nation, women composed the
majority of the membership at all three Houston churches." However,
* Angela Boswell is currently a Ph.D. student studying Southern and women's history at Rice
' Minutes of the First Baptist Church of Houston, Texas, Apr. 1841-July 1861, p. 25, located
at the First Baptist Church of Houston (cited hereafter as First Baptist Minutes). The minute
records after July 1861 through the beginning of the twentieth century have been destroyed by a
2 Barbara Welter, "The Cult of True Womanhood: 1820o-1860," American Quarterly, XVIII
(Summer, 1966), 151, 152 (quotation), 153-174. For a historiographical discussion of the use
of separate spheres and the ideal of true womanhood as an analytical tool, see Linda K. Kerber,
"Separate Spheres, Female Worlds, Woman's Place: The Rhetoric of Women's History,"Journal of
Amencan History, LXXV (June, 1988). Kerber points to a "third stage in the development of the
metaphor of separate spheres" where the "sphere was socially constructed both for and by
women" (p. 18). This study agrees with that analysis.
s With the exception of the first two years of the Presbyterian church, in which there were six
men and five women, women outnumbered the men in all three churches, often by a two-to-one
Texas State Historical Association. The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 99, July 1995 - April, 1996. Austin, Texas. The Portal to Texas History. http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth101217/. Accessed May 29, 2016.


text:
R2bib and EndNote2bib read files (respectively in refer and EndNote format) and produces a BibTeX reference list on the standard output.
Since refer files are inherently unstructured, r2bib only does a passable job (for example, it may need to invent a key for an entry, and it has to guess what BibTeX entry type to generate).
EndNote tags may not always match those recognised by EndNote2bib; a further filter program EndNoteTag is provided
See also endnote2bib.
The author is Richard J Mathar.
License: other-free Version dated: 2015-12-07 Catalogued: 2015-12-08


text:
The love each other, I swear. We are loving playing outside in all the sunshine we've had lately. Summer is here at last. Nate has turned a corner from some of his tantrums and has become really huggy lately. Alex is still a little shocked by it, but he does adore his big brother, his Natey. Today I was upstairs getting their clothes for the day while the boys played Legos and I heard Nate say "I love you Alex." And Ali replyed, "I love you so much!" Sometimes it's all worth it. (Of course, by bedtime Alex was trying to murder Nate in the bath but you know, you take what you can get.)
52 Week Project, photography


text:
Not all filters are created equal. Peak performance is only realized when genuine Vornado True HEPA Filters are used. Over time, your HEPA filter begins to clog, reducing the amount of air that is filtered. To maintain true Whole Room Air Purification, it is imperative to change your filter every year using only genuine Vornado True HEPA filters. Others may claim to be compatible with Vornado units, but the Vornado Whole Room Air Purifier is only tested to achieve a 99.97% capture rate using a genuine Vornado True HEPA filter.Features: Contains one (1) genuine Vornado True HEPA Filter Fits Vornado Whole Room Air Purifiers model numbers AC300 and AC500 True HEPA Filter captures 99.97% of all airborne particles 0.3 microns or larger Vornado disposable Carbon Filters require no cleaning Easy to replace, no tools required
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text:
Edit Article
How to Be Comfortable in Front of Guys
Are you uncomfortable about guys? Well, don't be! Guys love it when you talk to them.
This article has been tagged as a stub.
That means it's off to a good start, but still has room to grow into a more helpful resource. Until the article reaches its full potential, it will be hidden from search results. Can you help it flourish? If you think the article offers complete and accurate instructions, feel free to remove this tag.
1Wait for a time when the guy you want to talk to is alone. You don't want to annoy the guy when he is talking to his friends.
2Make sure that you know what you want to say, so nonsense doesn't come out.
3Don't talk about your boyfriend, especially around a guy who likes you. No guy wants to hear about what you and your boyfriend did in bed last night.
4Just walk up to them and talk like you would to any girl. Guys love it, believe it or not they might be just as uncomfortable around girls. Just don't ramble or talk about nonsense or they might find you annoying.
5If you like him ask him out as a friend, if anything happens you can be more than friends, if nothing happens it wasn't meant to be and you will be able to be just friends. If you aren't comfortable being around just him invite a few mutual friends.
Community Q&A
Ask a Question
- Always give eye contact. If you look into their eyes it shows you have confidence and are interested in them.
- Don't be shy. Guys as a rule are not as judgmental about women as women are of other women.
- If the guy is uncomfortable around girls, don't talk to him like your best friend. That will just make them more uncomfortable and they'll wind up hating you.
- try joining a club so you can be around lots of guys.
- Don't act in a way that will lead the guy to believe you like him. (unless you do, and want him to know). This can end very badly.
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text:
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About Bvlgari
History and background of Bvlgari. Every Bvlgari creation is permeated with a spirit of excellence, hence the attention to detail and the research for absolute quality, typical of each product, coexist with an innate yearn to surpass oneself and respond passionately to the ever changing market's requests. In order to assure the same qualitative level for all Bvlgari creations Read more about Bvlgari
More Bvlgari fragrancesfor Women: Bvlgari (bulgari) , Jasmin Noir , Omnia Amethyste , Bvlgari White (bulgari) , Omnia Coral , more
for Men: Bvlgari Man In Black , Aqua Pour Homme , Bvlgari Aqua Marine , Bvlgari (bulgari) , Bvlgari Blv (bulgari) , more
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Customer Comments
Thanks for carrying such a great selection.
S. Horton (Grand Prairie, TX)
REVIEW SNAPSHOT®by PowerReviews
- Great smell (171)
- Clean & fresh (150)
- Great value (114)
- Draws compliments (109)
- Long-lasting (106)
- Doesn't hold (23)
- Too weak (8)
- Overpowering (3)
- Too expensive (3)
Best Uses
- Daily use (136)
- Anytime (85)
- Evening (69)
- Special occasions (61)
- Signature fragrance (55)
- Reviewer Profile:
- Natural style (104), Classic style (83), Adventurous style (18), Natural (4), Trendy style (3)
- Fragrance Type:
- Fresh/aquatic (111), Floral (94), Citrus/fruity (58), Woody/earthy (44), Oriental/spicy (40)
Most Liked Positive Review
A Lasting Impression
I love this perfume. [...] I get compliments about Omnia Cristalline all the time and because it's not a very well known fragrance it has a uniqueness that is highly sought-after in...Read complete review
I love this perfume. [...] I get compliments about Omnia Cristalline all the time and because it's not a very well known fragrance it has a uniqueness that is highly sought-after in a signature scent. The most memorable compliment I had was, 'when I catch a scent of your perfume in the corridor I know it can only be you, nobody else I know smells so good' what more can you ask of a fragrance? Granted this was in music college where my class consists of me and 19 men but , hey, he was very, very hot and I'll take a compliment of a hot guy any day. For an Eau De Toilette, it really lingers and lasts all day. Long after my nasal receptors have stopped acknowledging it, I get nice comments from total strangers. My favourite fragrance of all time so far.
Most Liked Negative Review
Good price but fragrance doesn't last
I wear it for daily use. I've found it smells good but doesn't stay on for very long. I would not purchase this particular fragrance again. I had a sample of it from...Read complete review
I wear it for daily use. I've found it smells good but doesn't stay on for very long. I would not purchase this particular fragrance again. I had a sample of it from Sephora and absolutely loved it but once I actually bought it, I was pretty disappointed. I've found wearing it at night for certain occasions works best. Definitely not an all day lasting scent.
Reviewed by 226 customers
Displaying reviews 1-5
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- Clean & Fresh
- Draws Compliments
- Great Smell
- Not Overpowering
Best Uses
- Daily Use
Comments about Bvlgari Omnia Crystalline Perfume:
I use this perfume on a daily basis and I always have nice compliments
- Fragrance Type:
- Fresh/Aquatic
- Clean & Fresh
- Draws Compliments
- Great Smell
- Not Overpowering
Best Uses
- Anytime
- Daily Use
- Evening Use
- Signature Fragrance
- Special Occasions
Comments about Bvlgari Omnia Crystalline Perfume:
Such a pretty fragrance. People always comment on this perfume and ask what it is. I don't feel like me unless I'm wearing it.
- Fragrance Type:
- Fresh/Aquatic
- Draws Compliments
- Great Smell
- Great Value
- Long-Lasting
Best Uses
Comments about Bvlgari Omnia Crystalline Perfume:
love this smell, and the shipping super fast
- Fragrance Type:
- Floral, Fresh/Aquatic
- Draws Compliments
- Great Smell
- Great Value
- Long-Lasting
Best Uses
- Daily Use
Comments about Bvlgari Omnia Crystalline Perfume:
Good deal, fast shipping. Favorite perfume for the last 8 years! I often get compliment.
- Clean & Fresh
- Draws Compliments
- Great Smell
- Great Value
- Long-Lasting
- Not Overpowering
- Sensual
- Sexy
Best Uses
- Anytime
Comments about Bvlgari Omnia Crystalline Perfume:
I use it when I want to feel special. Whenever I wear it I receive it I get compliments. I was in the dentist getting some work done & done of the assistants stuck her head in and asked what I was wearing and where I purchased it
- Fragrance Type:
- Citrus/Fruity, Fresh/Aquatic, Woody/Earthy
Displaying reviews 1-5
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text:
Woods' caddie Williams rips boss' rival Mickelson
He can call Tiger Woods more of a friend than an employer, and for that caddie Steve Williams should be grateful. If he meant any less to Woods, who served as the best man in Williams' wedding, he'd be looking today for a bag with a new name on it after nearly 10 years of a glorious, multimillion-dollar gravy train.
Williams did the unthinkable over the weekend in his native New Zealand. At a charity dinner, the caddie ripped Woods' biggest rival, Phil Mickelson, told an erroneous story about him, and then wouldn't back down when given the opportunity a day later.
Yesterday, after Mickelson strongly defended himself, Woods was left to do the mopping up, for which he could not have been pleased.
"I was disappointed to read the comments attributed to Steve Williams about Phil Mickelson, a player that I respect," Woods said in a statement. "It was inappropriate. The matter has been discussed and dealt with."
Following Woods' comments, Williams told The Associated Press from his home in New Zealand: "I shouldn't have said it, but no harm was meant. I was just having some fun."
Woods didn't say whether Williams still has a job, but the caddie presumably will be spared a firing. Through the tribulations of their personal and professional lives, the two have grown extremely close. Williams has been Woods' protector, almost literally his bodyguard at times, and Woods has looked the other way on numerous occasions when Williams has acted outrageously – i.e., kicking a camera at the 2004 U.S. Open and throwing a camera into a lake at the 2003 Skins Game.
Yet this one has to be terribly embarrassing to Woods. For years, he and Mickelson have had a tense professional relationship while insisting publicly they feel no real animosity toward each other. Given the cool way they interact on the course, that's been hard to believe at times.
But with Williams blatantly showing so much disrespect to Mickelson, it puts the entire Woods camp on the spot. Tell us how you really feel about Phil?
Williams was asked at a dinner Friday night in New Plymouth, New Zealand, about Mickelson, and his response, first reported by the Taranaki Daily News, was, "I wouldn't call Mickelson a great player, 'cause I hate the (expletive)."
Williams then went on to tell a story about an incident he said occurred on Friday during the 2008 U.S. Open at Torrey Pines, when Woods and Mickelson were playing together. He said a fan called out to Mickelson and made a disparaging joke about Mickelson's upper-body physique.
On Saturday, Williams was interviewed by the Sunday Star Times in New Zealand and changed his story about the Open incident, saying it happened at Bethpage in 2002.
Williams said of his other comments, "I was simply honest and said they don't get along. You know what it's like. You're at the charity event and you have a bit of fun.
"I don't particularly like the guy myself," Williams said of Mickelson. "He pays me no respect at all and hence I don't pay him any respect. It's no secret we don't get along either."
Williams, who said he wasn't aware that his dinner talk would be quoted, seemed prepared to blame his predicament on the media.
"He knows the media," he said of Woods. "You make a comment and they blow it out of proportion, and it's no big deal."
Mickelson knows how that feels in regards to Woods. It was his comments in 2003 about Woods excelling with "inferior equipment" – intended to be a compliment – that caused a huge controversy, for which Mickelson grudgingly apologized.