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Don't know what to do (long)
Hey all,
I've lurked here for years now and only just joined up because I really need advice that doesn't come in the form of 'leave him!' just because people don't get how poly works.
Anyway, husband and I have been together for sixteen years and married for twelve and we've always been open to sleeping with others. In 2009, we separated for a while but got back together and, one of the things I asked for then was to be open to the idea of having relationships with others instead of running on our old rule of no emotional connection. Not that I wanted to do it then, it just seemed like a logical step from where we were and have the possibility of exploring it on the table for the future.
So, we got back together and we seemed to be getting stronger and stronger which was great.
Fast forward to last year and things got a bit weird.
Husband finally found someone he liked enough to have a casual encounter with and did so and all was good. I was happy that he'd finally got laid to put it crudely. Then he met someone else in November who I'll call Mary for this.
Suddenly, without consultation, the no emotional connection rule was thrown out because he wanted Mary badly. I wasn't happy with it, but as I'd asked for this sort of thing back in 2009, I could hardly complain and instead, tried to put some boundaries in place such as no sleeping with each other until after Christmas so I could get used to the sudden shift which he agreed to. Two weeks after meeting her, he slept with her while I was out of the county and he couldn't (and still can't) see why that was a problem.
To say I was miffed is an understatement. Coupled with that is the fact that he texted her constantly and three days after Christmas, despite my asking him to keep Christmas for us, he nagged me into agreeing to him staying at hers which he did.
There's a lot more things I could add, but won't, because this will be long enough as it is!
Needless to say, husband started pulling away from me more and more, both physically and emotionally and I was furious because in between all of this, I was trying very hard to form a friendship with Mary to make things easier for all of us.
The fury translated into wild mood swings with husband and he said he refused to discuss our relationship until I'd been to see a shrink about my moods so I went to the doctors for a referral. Once I had that, he said he wouldn't discuss anything to do with our relationship until I'd been formally diagnosed with something because my mood swings weren't normal.
This just made the swings worse and I started keeping a log of what was going on so I could see for myself if I was actually nuts. Things with husband deteriorated further to the point he said I was delusional and so, to get perspective, I posted everything for our friends to see on a social networking site.
It was the wrong way to go, I know that, but I honestly couldn't see any other way to go about getting husband to listen to me and talk to me about how he was being and I was sick of trying to blame it all on NRE.
Anyway, it all blew up and he ran to Mary's house for the night saying he didn't know if he could be with me. I had a total meltdown that night, said stuff I didn't mean and was generally a rotten human. While he was there giving comfort to Mary, she sent me loads of texts telling me she was hurt and that she was done and would only be giving support to husband. I could understand the hurt but also kind of blamed her because when I tried to talk to her about it, she dismissed it as hubby had saying it all felt natural to her with no discussion about boundaries and such.
Husband came back the next day to talk and said he wanted to be married to me and that he loved me and agreed to talk to a neutral third party about the whole mess.
I felt I couldn't trust husband though because of his behaviour and, to my shame, when something still felt off, I snooped on his texts with her. I found that they were still sharing sexting fantasies and saying they loved each other. Now, to me, support doesn't include that kind of things, and I got mad.
Husband dismissed it saying I'd misread it, as I'd misread other things and it didn't mean what I thought it did. So, that's where we're at, a very rocky truce and waiting on the shrinks.
I don't know what yo do any more. He's behaved badly and I have in return and while I want to have a solid marriage and be able to be poly happily, I don't feel able to while he refuses to give Mary up or put the conversations they have on a neutral footing.
I get that she feels something for him, I get he feels something for her but I feel so very unequal and pushed aside that all I seem to be able to do is respond with anger now.
Okay, so I'm new to all this poly stuff but my husband and I have been swingers for some years now and are use to sharing each other with other people.
I am on the flipside of your story, however. I have found a sexual partner that has turned into something more to me. I love him, but I still very much love my husband as well.
Relationships evolve and sometimes old rules don't apply anymore. You yourself have said that you've even broken your own boundaries once upon a time. And from what's going on, it is clear that these rules are not working. Your husband is in love with another woman but he still loves you. I think the withdrawal part has something to do with your responses to this and because of these rules. I also think that is what's going on with the arguments. Maybe it's time to sit down and really focus on the rules and what your needs are from him. Maybe you both can come to an agreement, but I think you have to learn to accept this new love. It's not like he can just turn off these emotions he's feeling. . .
Will he be able to put her on neutral if the dr thinks he should?
It's my understanding that being poly isnt "this is my love and you just suffer with it"... It's sitting down and talking about a speed in which everyone feels comfortable, and the loving partners supporting the one that is having some problems.
For me and some others, this kind of approach is not relevant. The speed at which I become involved with someone, alter my worldview, get new hobbies, get a new job, change my sexual orientation, is not anyone's concern but my own. Of course we want to mitigate hurt feelings, discomfort, or inconvenience as much as possible - but not at the sake of letting someone elses feelings dictate how we live our lives.
Of course, any relationship is going to include supporting a partner who is having problems (at least to the degree appropriate) but I make a very clear distinction between "supporting" and "capitulating".
Me: male, 40, straight, single
When you discussed removing the no emotions rule in 2009, did you do any discussion about how that would happen, what the parameters and agreements would be for communication and keeping one another in the loop?
If you didn't, then you can't really fault him for not following rules that weren't in place. You can't expect him to be a mind reader and just know how you'd want to handle things if you'd never talked about it before.
Try talking to him in a calm and controlled manner. Outbursts and demands are not an effective method of communication. Show him that you're willing to be reasonable, but that you need him to be reasonable as well.
Ask him if he'd be willing to put his relationship on pause while you and he work out some issues. Give him a set amount of time so he doesn't feel like you're just trying to sidestep the issue permanently.
As I am sure any cat owner will be able to tell you,
someone else putting you in a box is entirely different
from getting into a box yourself. bisexualbaker
My opinion probably wont be popular. But how dare you ask him to force your wants and needs on Mary. She has feelings and etc too. So she wants nothing to do with you. You two do not need to be friends just respectful.
I am a hinge. I have two separate and equal relationships with my husband Butch and my boyfriend Murf. I have to worry about BOTH of their feelings, wants and needs. And I am not going to put Murf on the back burner because Butch gets his undies in a twist. Butch would like to be friends with Murf. Murf is really not interested in that. They are friendly and respectful.
Could this "poly hell" article help you articulate to husband what you need from him to feel better about your relationship with him? Maybe if that could help ID problem areas, it could then help point toward calmer conflict resolution ideas?
I could be wrong... but to me it sounds like you could be struggling with the "demotion" paragraphs in the article. Your old agreements changed to include emotional deepening with new partners but didn't sound like it covered how to cope with resulting changes in the shared established relationship.
Maybe you are feeling out on a limb and need to feel connected and reassured by partner? Keep trying to sort it out.
Last edited by GalaGirl; 04-09-2013 at 12:56 AM.
You wanted to be open.
He took you up on your offer.
You told him you changed your mind.
He acted on his desires anyway.
You became a crazy rage monster
Now he thinks you are a crazy rage monster
You're going to couples therapy
All I can say is this:
Take responsibility for YOUR actions (not HIS actions)
Decide what it is you actually want out of a relationship
Determine if that picture includes your husband
Breath deep
Me: male, 40, straight, single
I said this in another thread recently, but it bears repeating: for me, stumbling into poly via a friend in an open marriage, this is exactly the sort of post that makes me think some people really do see OSOs not as people, but as toys, hobbies, and marital enhancers.
I see a bit of a catch 22: you understandably want your marriage to be protected--to come first--when you start on poly, yet having a romantic relationship with another person changes things. It's not only unfair, it's downright selfish and cruel, to bring another person in, involve their feelings and emotions, and then toss them to the curb when it proves inconvenient or uncomfortable.
Even putting the relationship on pause is a little problematic. Mary is not a DVD to be watched when it's convenient. She is a person who was invited into this and stepped into it with some trust. She is now used to spending time and emotional closeness with someone she's come to value and maybe depend on a little, someone she looks forward to talking with or seeing on a daily basis. Now she can just cool her heels and find something else to fill that space while you decide if you want the flip or the flop or something in between or something altogether different?
How often can she expect this to happen? How often will she be asked to just step aside for a bit from what is now also her relationship and her boyfriend, as well as your husband?
I admit that my feelings have changed over the past year and some months of seeing a married man, of watching the dynamics of poly close up both in his marriage and here on the forum. At first, I felt that I just needed to 'understand' that I'd stepped into this knowing he was married. Now, I feel that a married couple at least equally needs to understand that they are inviting real people with real emotions into this situation, and those people need to be treated with as much respect and care as they would in any other relationship. If BF were to tell me at this point that his wife wants him to take a break, I'd say, Go ahead, just realize I won't be waiting around, and the men I meet on dating sites are highly unlikely to agree to poly.
There is no way in hell I'd be putting my life and opportunities on pause while waiting for a third party to decide where my relationship with BF goes...especially knowing it could happen repeatedly and ultimately be tossed out altogether by her.
Last edited by WhatHappened; 04-14-2013 at 04:55 PM.
Seconded!!! Well said,
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Billy Dean
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Billy Dean (born William Harold Dean, Jr., April 2, 1962 in Quincy, Florida) is an American country music singer and songwriter, who first gained national attention after appearing on the television talent competition Star Search. Active as a recording artist since 1991, he has recorded a total of eight studio albums, and has charted more than twenty singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts. His biggest solo hits are "Only Here for a Little While", "Somewhere in My Broken Heart", and "If There Hadn't Been You", all reached peaks of #3 on the country music charts.Read More...
Billy first became known to fans in the early 1990s with his appearance on "Star Search." He later earned a recording contract with Liberty Records and rose to national stardom with a string of Top 10 hits on Billboard magazine's country singles chart. His debut song, 1991's "Only Here For a Little While," rose into the Top 5, while the follow up, "Somewhere in My Broken Heart," repeated the feat. "Somewhere in My Broken Heart" won the 1992 Academy of Country Music award for Song of the Year; he also took home the ACM's New Male Vocalist award..
Dean's string of hits continued in the early- and mid-1990s, with songs like "You Don't Count the Cost" (1991); "Only the Wind," "Billy the Kid" and "If There Hadn't Been You" (all 1992); "Tryin' to Hide a Fire in the Dark" (1993); "We Just Disagree" (a remake of the 1970s Dave Mason hit) (1993); "It's What I Do" and "That Girl's Been Spying on Me" (both 1996).
In 1991 Dean wrote and sang the theme song to the ABC animated television series Wild West C.O.W.-Boys of Moo Mesa. It is titled "Up on the Mesa".
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Top SongsTotal plays on Last.fm over the last 6 months
- LyricsOnce in a while
Someone comes along
That one in a million heart
So pure and so strong
They can face up to the tears
- LyricsYesterday, all my troubles seemed so far away
Now it looks as though they're here to stay
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Pieces of forgiveness
- LyricsI knew a man, he was a real go getter
What he did best, was climb the ladder of success
And how far he went was how he measured
The worth of his life and who he was
But that's all behind me now because
- If There Hadn't Been You - 10,827 plays
- Only Here For A Little While - 10,814 plays
- We Just Disagree - 10,119 plays
- I Wouldn't Be A Man - 4,523 plays
- Let Them Be Little - 11,337 plays


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Celes Opera gown is so beautiful! Looking forward to seeing progress on this. :)
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Eric Hutting went 2-for-3 with a pair of RBI against the Anteaters.
May 23, 2013
Irvine, Calif. - Long Beach State broke out to an early 2-0 lead on the road at UC Irvine, but the Anteaters scored seven runs on eight hits in a short outing from Shane Carle, as the Dirtbags fell at UC Irvine by a final score of 10-4.
Jeff McNeil singled to start the game, as the Dirtbags had a promising start. Colton Vaughn followed with another single, and then Juan Avila followed with a grounder outside of the reach of Chris Rabago, putting the Dirtbags on the board. Vaughn then was able to score on a double play, as Long Beach State opened the game with a 2-0 lead.
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How to Purchase a Membership on Animal Jam
Are you bored of being made fun of in the world of Jamaa? Then this article will show you how to become a member and make fun of them back!
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1Create an account on Animal Jam. If already done, log out of your account and press MEMBERSHIP at the top of your page.
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Yates Hall Welcome Message
Greetings from The College of William & Mary!
This message goes out to all students, family and friends. The Office of Residence Life wants to personally welcome you for the upcoming year. I am the Area Director for the Tribe Square/One Tribe Place/Yates (TOY) Residential Area; which is comprised of Tribe Square (upperclassmen, apartments), One Tribe Place (upperclassmen, coed), and Yates (freshmen, co-ed). You might ask yourself, what is an Area Director? An Area Director is a full-time employee of the College with a Masters degree. Overall, the Area Director is responsible for the day to day activities that occur in this residential area.
There are 20 student staff members in this area who are ready to assist you and provide a multitude of programming opportunities to enhance your residential experience. One of the greatest ways to be involved in your community is to be a part of Hall Council-- the governing body for the residence halls. I encourage you to take an active role in your community.
Please review this web site for detailed information on all the Residence Halls in this area, as well as information specifically geared for first-year students. If you have further questions or concerns, please feel free to contact me directly.
The staff and I would like to welcome you to the Tribe Square/OTP/Yates Area! We are looking forward to a great year.
See you in August!
Rich Schofield
Tribe Square/OTP/Yates Area Director
The College of William and Mary
(757) 221-3182
Welcome to Yates Hall!
The Yates staff would like to send you our greetings as you prepare to make the transition to college life and join us here in the fall. We are looking forward to exciting times as you begin this important new part of your life. We know that you are going to enjoy it, and we are eager to help you find your way on the path to independence.
First we'd like to tell you about Yates Hall, where you'll be living this coming year. Yates is a large freshman hall, so expect to meet many different people with exciting backgrounds. Yates, named after Rev. William Yates, the 5th President of the College, opened in 1962. Yates has three floors, with three separate halls on each floor, and a basement. The building also has seven different lounges.
Yates Hall has a lot to offer. It's famous – Jon Stewart lived in the basement – and cool – we have A/C! It's also close to the rec center, the dining hall, William & Mary Hall arena, Swem Library, and the Sadler Center. The basement has a kitchen and a laundry room that has been recently renovated! Other amenities include laundry facilities, vending machines, a pool table, a ping pong table, board games galore, vacuum cleaners, cooking equipment, a huge DVD collection, and several nice flat screen TVs.
The Yates Staff is made up of ten Resident Assistants and one Head Resident. Resident Assistants (RAs) are student staff members trained to ensure a healthy, safe, and vibrant living community. Each RA is available as a resource to answer any questions you have, enforce policy, and plan exciting events and activities for residents of the hall. The RA lives on the hall with you and is there to help you. At the bottom of this letter is a list of the RAs in Yates for next year, as well as their contact information. The Head Resident is a junior or senior at the College who works with the RAs and serves as the advisor to Hall Council, and is there to assist you during your time living in Yates.
If you have any questions before your arrival in August, please do not hesitate to contact us. We are happy to answer any of your questions and we all look forward to welcoming you to William & Mary and to Yates Hall. Have a great summer and we'll see you soon!
The Yates Hall Staff
Rich Schofield, Area Director
Tribe Square/One Tribe Place/Yates
Alpha Mansaray
Yates Head Resident
Sumaia Tabassum
Basement (B001 - B015)
Isaiah Simmons
1st South (101-115)
Kayla Armstrong
1st Center (117-131)
April Zheng
1st North (132-147)
Summer Higginbotham
2nd South (201-215)
Lindsey Hughes
2nd Center (217-231)
Cheyenne Williams
2nd North (232-247)
Zach Hutcheson
3rd South (301-315)
Yizhou Qiu
3rd Center (317-331)
Jordan Foote
3rd North (332-347)


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|Numéro de publication
|Type de publication
|Numéro de demande
|Date de publication
|3 aoűt 1993
|Date de dépôt
|3 janv. 1992
|Date de priorité
|14 janv. 1991
|État de paiement des frais
|Numéro de publication
|Jonas T. Ahlberg
|Cessionnaire d'origine
|Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson
|Exporter la citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citations de brevets (9), Citations hors brevets (2), Référencé par (11), Classifications (6), Événements juridiques (6)
|Liens externes: USPTO, Cession USPTO, Espacenet
The present invention relates to a method of quantizing line spectral frequencies (LSF) when calculating the parameters of an analysis filter included in a speech coder. The analysis filter is used, together with a corresponding synthesis filter in the coder, for linear predictive coding of incoming speech signals.
A speech coder for use, for instance, in mobile radio technology includes a linear predictive coder for coding speech signals with the intention of compressing the speech signals and reducing the redundance normally found in human speech. Speech coders which operate with linear predictive coding are known to the art and are found and described and illustrated, for instance, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,624,302, U.S. Pat. No. 3,740,476 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,472,832. This latter patent specification also describes the use of excitation pulses when forming the synthetic speech copy.
The function of the analysis filter in speech coders is to analyze the incoming speech (in the form of speech samples) and determine the filter parameters that shall be transmitted and transferred to the receiver, together with certain so-called rest signals. The excitation pulses to be used can also be transmitted in the manner described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,472,832. Data relating to filter parameters, rest signals and excitation pulse parameters is transmitted in order to be able to transmit on narrower bands than those required to transmit the actual speech signals (modulated).
The filter parameters, which are often called direct form coefficients, are used in the synthesis filter on the receiver side to predict the transmitted speech signal linearly and to form a synthetic speech signal which resembles the original speech signal as far as is possible.
The use of so-called line spectral frequencies (LSFs) for coding the direct form coefficients, i.e. the filter parameters, when coding speech signals linear predictively has earlier been proposed; see for instance "The Computation of Line Spectral Frequencies Using Chebyshev Polynomials", IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Vol. ASSP 34, No. 6, December 1986, pages 1419-1425. In this case, the line spectral frequencies are an alternative to the filter parameters with unambiguous correspondence. The primary advantage afforded by coding the direct form coefficients is that the LSFs directly correspond to the formant frequencies from the oral cavity and can thus be quantized advantageously prior to being transmitted and transferred to the receiver.
As described in the aforesaid article, a sum polynomial and a difference polynomial are formed when converting to line spectral frequencies from the direct form coefficients. Subsequent to having constructed these two polynomials, the roots of the polynomials are calculated and thereafter quantized. The number of roots to be localized and calculated vary with the mathematical order of the LPC-analysis. A 10th order LPC-analysis, which is typical, gives five (5) roots with each polynomial.
The normal calculating procedure, which is described in the aforesaid reference, involves localizing the roots by means of iteration, for instance in accordance with the so-called Newton-Rapson method. Subsequent to having calculated the roots, the roots are quantized and the quantized values are transmitted to the receiver side as filter parameters.
The problem with using line spectral frequencies LSF in accordance with the aforegoing, in spite of the advantages mentioned, is the necessity of calculating or localizing the roots of two polynomials. This may involve complicated calculations and thereby lower the speed of the speech coder. The known methods of obtaining the values of the line spectral frequencies in quantized form by calculation do not utilize the properties possessed by these sum and difference polynomials:
a) If the filter which is to be represented by the LSFs is stable, the roots occur at increasing frequencies, alternating from the sum polynomial and from the difference polynomial respectively.
b) Because the spectrum which the filter attempts to represent derives from a speech signal, the roots will not lie closer together than a given frequency. This is because the spectrum lacks sharp peaks and because of the physical properties of the tone-forming organs (the oral cavity).
The known method of calculating the roots of the aforesaid two polynomials involves unnecessary accuracy in localizing the roots, since
a) these roots shall nevertheless be quantized and therewith loose their precision;
b) it is necessary to localize the roots much more accurately in order to know on which side of the quantizing border a root is located. If this is not known, it cannot be certain that the root has been quantized to the proper quantizing level.
Other drawbacks and problems associated with the known method are:
It may be necessary to evaluate the polynomial for a large number of different frequencies. Sometimes there is no prior knowledge of the frequencies for which this evaluation must be made.
When evaluating the polynomial, it is necessary to calculate the cosine of the tested frequency. (It is conceivable, however, that certain methods are found which effect the Newton-Rapson iteration direct on the X-axis, i.e. in the cos-domain).
With each root discovered, it is necessary to divide the polynomial by this root, in order that the root is not again "found" in the next iteration.
In some of the methods similar to the Newton-Rapson method, it can not be absolutely certain that the roots are found in the correct order. It is therefore necessary to sort out these roots prior to quantizing.
Subsequent to quantizing, it is not absolutely certain that the monotonicity remains for the LSFs. These LSFs may, after all, have been "cross-quantized". Although this is improbable, it may nevertheless occur, particularly when the choice of quantizing tables is an unfortunate one. It is therefore necessary to postcheck and adjust the quantizing values.
When practicing the present, inventive method, the sum and difference polynomials are evaluated solely for given frequencies that are pre-selected from a limited number of frequencies. According to the proposed method, no calculations are carried out in respect of the polynomials, for instance iteration, as required by the known method, and instead the polynomials are evaluated and quantized on the basis of a number of initially decided, speech-typical frequencies. This enables the polynomials to be evaluated in a rising order, i.e. the polynomials are first examined for low frequencies and thereafter for successively increasing frequencies with the intention of establishing the roots of the polynomials. It is also possible, however, to evaluate the polynomials in a falling order, or to begin from respective directions and meet in the middle of the chosen frequency values.
The pre-selected frequencies are calculated on the basis of the formants characteristic of human speech and are appropriately stored in a memory store so as to be available during the actual evaluation of the polynomials.
The object of the present invention is to provide a method for evaluating, i.e. finding the roots of the sum and difference polynomials used to transmit the prediction coefficients for the synthesis filter in a speech coder, without needing to make complicated calculations, wherein the line spectral frequencies of the speech are obtained in quantized form.
The inventive method is characterized by the characteristic features set forth in the characterizing clause of claim 1.
The inventive method will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram which illustrates the roots of the polynomials and the position of given test frequencies used in the inventive method;
FIG. 2 is a diagram which illustrates in more detail the frequency position of the different test frequencies in relation to the roots of the polynomials;
FIG. 3 is a diagram which shows the sum polynomial and the difference polynomial and illustrates how the roots are scanned and sought when applying the inventive method;
FIGS. 4 and 5 are more detailed diagrams of specific cases when applying the inventive method; and
FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating the various steps of the inventive method.
The inventive method is applied on a linear predictive coder of a known kind described, for instance, in the aforesaid U.S. patent specifications. A coder of this kind carries out a so-called LPC-analysis on incoming speech signals (in sampled form). The LPC-analysis first involves the formation of the so-called direct form coefficients, whereafter the coefficients are quantified and transmitted as an LPC-code. The direct form coefficients ak are obtained by equalizing and forming mean values (Hamming analysis) and then estimating the autocorrelation function. Subsequent to this analysis stage, recursion calculations are carried out in order to obtain the reflexion coefficients with the aid of a so-called Schur algorithm, whereafter the reflexion coefficients are converted to the direct form coefficients by means of a stepping-up process. The aforesaid analysis steps are carried out in a signal processor of a generally known kind and with the aid of associated software. The inventive method may also be carried out in the same signal processor, as described below.
When practicing earlier known methods, the direct form coefficients ak, obtained in accordance with the aforegoing, are either quantized directly prior to being transmitted over the radio medium, or the sum and difference polynomials mentioned in the introduction are formed and the roots of these polynomials calculated and quantified as described in the aforesaid IEEE article.
The roots of the sum and difference polynomials are not calculated when practicing the present invention. Instead, the cosine of a number of test frequencies belonging to each of the roots of the sum and difference polynomials P and Q respectively and associated quantizing frequencies are stored in a fixed memory in the signal processor.
FIG. 1 illustrates the upper half of a unit circle. The P and Q roots of the two polynomials are located alternately on the unit circle. Only two roots p1 and p2 of each polynomial are shown, these roots constituting the roots of the sum polynomial P and the roots q1, q2 which constitute the roots of the difference polynomial Q. When practicing the inventive method, five (5) roots are investigated from each polynomial, resulting in a total of 10 line spectral frequencies for a 10th order synthesis filter.
A number of test frequencies are calculated for each of the five (5) roots in P and Q and the cosine values of these frequencies are stored in the fixed memory of the signal processor. FIG. 1 illustrates the position of seven (7) such test frequencies for each of the illustrated roots p1 and q1. Correspondingly, seven (7) test frequencies for instance are given for remaining roots p2, q2, p3, q3, and so on. For the sake of clarity, only the test frequencies for the roots p1 and q1 are shown, in the form of dashes around respective root positions on the unit circle, these test frequencies being referenced ftp1 and ftq1 respectively. As shown in FIG. 1, the regions for the test frequencies ftp1 and ftq1 overlap one another. FIG. 2 illustrates schematically the different groups of test frequencies for the roots pl, q1, p2, q2, p3, q3, p4, q4, p5, q5, these roots being stored in the memory of the signal processor.
As will be seen from FIG. 1, the roots of the two polynomials P and Q always alternate on the unit circle, i.e. each root from the sum polynomial P alternates with each root from the difference polynomial Q. Furthermore, the roots will never lie closer together than a given frequency, this frequency being dependent on the properties of the speech signal.
The aforesaid frequency properties, together with the choice of quantizing step (described below) are utilized in the method according to the present invention. The choice of quantizing steps also means that there cannot be found more than one root (or possibly one root for each polynomial) between each quantizing step. Three roots can never be found between each quantizing step. This means that it is known for certain that precisely one root is found between two points on the frequency axis where the sum polynomial or the difference polynomial has different signs. The method will now be described with reference to FIG. 3.
Shown at the top of FIG. 3 are the two polynomials P and Q with the roots p1, q1, p2, q2, and so on occurring alternately, as described above. Each line spectral frequency LSF (1-10) can be quantized to a given number of frequencies. From the group ftp1 of test frequencies for the root p1, there is taken the cosine for each of these test frequencies, beginning from the lowest "frequency 1" and the sign of the polynomial P for this test frequency is investigated. The sign is clearly positive for the test frequencies 1, 2 and 3 for the polynomial P shown in FIG. 3.
When testing with test frequency 4 in the group ftp1, the polynomial p obtains a negative sign, thereby indicating that the polynomial has a root p1 which is located somewhere between the value of the test frequency 3 and 4.
A number of quantizing frequencies fkp1 for the root p1 and fkq1 for the root q1, and so on, are found for each of the test frequencies ftp1. Each of the quantizing frequencies of a number of quantizing frequencies, for instance the number fkp1, is located midway between two test frequencies. This is not a necessary condition, however. When determining the root p1 in the above case, the next quantizing frequency which is located immediately beneath the test frequency concerned (test frequency 4) is selected, i.e. the quantizing frequency 4 is selected.
The polynomial Q is then evaluated in the same manner as the polynomial P is evaluated, by inserting the cosine value of a number of test frequencies ftq1, starting with the test frequency 1. As in the earlier case, the quantizing frequency immediately below this test frequency is chosen, in this case the quantizing frequency 4.
The polynomials P and Q are evaluated continually in a corresponding manner until the quantized values of all five (5) roots of each polynomial have been determined.
The aforesaid describes a normal quantizing of all 5+5=10 roots of the polynomials P and Q, and the quantizing LSFs obtained are thus used as speech signal parameters in the one speech coder (the transmitter side) and are also transmitted to the speech coder of the receiver side in a known manner.
When investigating the roots of the polynomials P and Q, it is possible, however, that certain limitations and special cases arise, these limitations and special cases being shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
FIG. 4 illustrates that part of the quantizing process in which he roots p3 and q3 shall be quantized. In this case, the cosine of the test frequencies 1 and 2 in ftq3 is larger than the cosine of the frequency which corresponds to the root p3. In this case, the test frequencies 1 and 2 in ftq3 may coincide with the test frequencies 3 and 4 in ftp3. All such frequencies, i.e. the test frequencies 1 and 2 in ftq3, which are smaller than the frequency to which the previous LSF, i.e. the root p3, was quantized to can be skipped over or eliminated when seeking the next LSF, i.e. the LSF which corresponds to the root q3.
FIG. 5 illustrates another case, namely a case in which the number of test frequencies is insufficient when seeking a root. As shown in FIG. 5, there is no change in sign in polynomial P for any of the tested test frequencies 1-7 in ftp1 when seeking the root p1. Subsequent to having tested all test frequencies 1-7 without the occurrence of a change in sign, the last test frequency 7 is selected but a correspondingly higher quantizing frequency is selected (the quantizing frequency 8 instead of the earlier quantizing frequency 7 that is chosen in accordance with the FIG. 3 embodiment).
The fact that the root p1 is located beyond the last test frequency 7 in FIG. 5 results in the possibility of a sign change for this root p1 when seeking the next root p2 in the polynomial P. As shown in FIG. 5, a sign change (erroneous) is obtained for the test frequency 4 in ftp2 when seeking the root p2. Consequently, a warning instruction is inserted in the signal processor when seeking a given root when no change in sign has taken place when seeking a preceding root. As will be seen from FIG. 5, the test frequency 7 in ftp2 and corresponding quantizing frequency are taken as a measurement of the root p2.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart which illustrates scanning of the polynomials P and Q when practicing the proposed, inventive method.
Firstly, the polarity of the two polynomials P and Q for the frequency 0 Hz is established, see block 1, in order to obtain the polarity which shall later be used as a comparison when seeking the first root p1 in the polynomial P with the aid of the first group of test frequency values ftp1 and when seeking the first root q1 in the polynomial Q with the aid of the second group of test frequency values ftq1. Seeking of the first line spectral frequency LSF1 (c.f. FIG. 4) is then commenced, in accordance with block 2 in FIG. 6.
According to block 3, an investigation is made to ascertain whether or not the first test frequency 1 in each group of test frequencies is higher than the test frequency earlier tested. In the case of LSF1, the answer is always "Yes" and testing and forward stepping of the test frequencies 1,2, . . . for a given group is carried out, block 5. In the case of LSF2 and following LSFs, it is possible that the test frequency 1 and any following frequency will not have a higher value than the earlier tested frequency, "No", and forward stepping is effected in accordance with block 4, c.f. FIG. 4.
Block 6 involves an investigation for the purpose of obtaining information as to whether or not the case according to FIG. 5 (uppermost) has occurred, i.e. the case when the test frequencies are insufficient in number, "No". The change in sign has occurred in the normal case "Yes" and the LSF examined has been quantized to a corresponding quantizing frequency and the sign which the polynomial possessed subsequent to this change in sign is stored so as to be available when next seeking an LSF for this polynomial. Seeking of the LSF for the next polynomial is then carried out, i.e. if the polynomial P is investigated, the polynomial Q is now investigated, block 8. The next line spectral frequency LSF2 is thus obtained when evaluating the polynomial Q when seeking the quantizing frequency for the root q1, and LSF3 is obtained when seeking the quantizing frequency for the root p2, and so on.
When no sign change occurs ("No" in block 6), the LSF is quantized to the highest possible quantizing frequency, block 9. There is then stored a warning, block 10, that the LSF next found for the same polynomial may be the LSF that should actually have been found in a preceding search, but which is therewith "approximated" with the quantizing frequency belonging to the highest test frequency.
The investigation illustrated in the flowsheet is thus carried out alternately for the polynomials P and Q, wherein the positions of the alternating roots and associated LSFs are quantized as described above with reference to FIGS. 3-5.
|Brevet cité
|Date de dépôt
|Date de publication
|29 oct. 1969
|30 nov. 1971
|Bell Telephone Labor Inc
|Speech analysis and synthesis by the use of the linear prediction of a speech wave
|9 juil. 1971
|19 juin 1973
|Bell Telephone Labor Inc
|Speech signal pitch detector using prediction error data
|19 sept. 1980
|12 juil. 1983
|Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Public Corporation
|Sound synthesizer
|1 déc. 1981
|18 sept. 1984
|At&T Bell Laboratories
|Digital speech coder
|13 oct. 1989
|4 déc. 1990
|Nec Corporation
|Pattern matching vocoder using LSP parameters
|26 juil. 1989
|4 déc. 1990
|Itt Corporation
|Low-bit-rate speech coder using LPC data reduction processing
|16 aoűt 1990
|30 avr. 1991
|Itt Corporation
|Low-bit-rate speech coder using LPC data reduction processing
|29 juin 1990
|4 févr. 1992
|Fujitsu Limited
|Gain-shape vector quantization apparatus
|9 juil. 1990
|21 févr. 1991
|Motorola, Inc.
|Speech recognition using spectral line frequencies
|P. Kabal et al., "The Computation of Line Spectral Frequencies Using Chebyshev Polynomials," IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-34, No. 6, Dec. 1986.
|P. Kabal et al., The Computation of Line Spectral Frequencies Using Chebyshev Polynomials, IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. ASSP 34, No. 6, Dec. 1986.
|Brevet citant
|Date de dépôt
|Date de publication
|10 juin 1994
|28 nov. 1995
|Zmd Corporation
|Detachable power supply for supplying external power to a portable defibrillator
|2 déc. 1994
|19 nov. 1996
|Zmd Corporation
|Medical device power supply with AC disconnect alarm and method of supplying power to a medical device
|31 mai 1994
|11 févr. 1997
|Alaris, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for speech compression using multi-mode code excited linear predictive coding
|18 juin 1996
|19 aoűt 1997
|Alaris, Inc.
|Speech compressor using trellis encoding and linear prediction
|24 sept. 1996
|17 mars 1998
|Alaris, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for speech compression using multi-mode code excited linear predictive coding
|25 févr. 1997
|3 nov. 1998
|Alaris, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for adaptive audio compression and decompression
|16 sept. 1998
|26 juin 2001
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Spectral transformation of acoustic signals
|2 juil. 2001
|6 juil. 2004
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
|Method of calculating line spectral frequencies
|6 mars 2001
|22 févr. 2005
|Ntt Docomo, Inc.
|Joint optimization of excitation and model parameters in parametric speech coders
|2 juil. 2001
|28 mars 2002
|Van Den Enden Adrianus Wilhelmus Maria
|Method of determining filter coefficients from line spectral frequencies
|6 mars 2001
|31 oct. 2002
|Docomo Communications Laboratories Usa, Inc.
|Joint optimization of excitation and model parameters in parametric speech coders
|Classification aux États-Unis
|Classification internationale
|Classification coopérative
|Classification européenne
|3 janv. 1992
Owner name: TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET L M ERICSSON A CORP. OF SWE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:AHLBERG, JONAS T.;REEL/FRAME:005980/0523
Effective date: 19911128
|28 janv. 1997
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|5 févr. 2001
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|16 févr. 2005
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|5 avr. 2005
|Surcharge for late payment
Year of fee payment: 11
|5 avr. 2005
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
MSCE but no experience -- job?
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You'd be surprised (or maybe you wouldn't be surprised) how many new MCSEs I hear from who have credentials but no experience and find this a bar to entering the job market. I'd suggest pursuing as many of the following avenues as you can:
1. Talk to IT recruiters and placement firms in your area to get a sense of the employability of MCSEs in your region. It may be there are companies looking for people like you, but you and they haven't been able to hook up.
2. Talk to local churches, schools, non-profits, and charities to see about volunteering for system or network administration work. With some spare time (off-hours or weekends are usually fine for these groups, since they can't afford to pay you) you can still gain some experience--and hopefully, a letter of recommendation from your chosen organization.
3. Investigate opportunities with temporary agencies. Many of these organizations place part or full-time IT professionals into companies on an as-needed basis. This is another good "foot in the door" strategy.
4. You might also try looking for network installer, network technician, or help desk professional positions. These pay less, require less experience, but can also provide a different kind of "foot in the door" strategy.
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The adjective attributable describes something that is capable of indicating or explaining a cause. Just because your parent found small fingerprints on the fridge and a chair against the counter, it does not mean the mess in the kitchen is attributable to you — it just seems like it!
Attributable comes from the Latin word attribuere, meaning assign or bestow. Attributable is related to the words attribute, which is both a noun and a verb, and attributions, which is a noun. You latest promotion is attributable to your hard work. You work ethic is one of your best attributes, and you can attribute that to the way your parents raised you.
Definitions of attributable
adj capable of being attributed
"the collapse of the movement was attributable to a lack of morale"
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ascribable, due, imputable, referable
capable of being assigned or credited to
(usually followed by `to') given credit for
(usually followed by `to') able to be traced to
- Antonyms:
unascribable, unattributable
not attributable


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I'm a soon-to-be FTM and I am really interested in co-sleeping and bedsharing. However, I am a little nervous about it so I thought I would ask some questions to get me started down the right path.
I plan to have both a full-size crib and an Arm's Reach Co-Sleeper. So here are my questions:
- What safety precautions should I take when I have the baby in the co-sleeper attached to the side of my bed? Do I still need to minimize blankets and pillows on the bed or is it good enough to just make sure they stay on the bed and not directly next to the co-sleeper? Also, is there anything inherently less-safe about a co-sleeper than a full size crib or her being directly in my bed?
- Once baby is too old/big to sleep in the co-sleeper (I think they say around 5 months) how do I safely transition her into my bed? I don't want to put her between me and my DH since DH is a very large man and a very deep sleeper. How do I keep her from falling off the bed? Can I still leave the co-sleeper at the side of the bed to act as a barrier or should I plan a different solution? Is she old enough at this point that she can move around on her own a little bit, like if she rolls and I am asleep or something?
- I love the idea of baby sleeping on my chest/in my arms at night. What is the best way for me to do this safely? I assume, keep blankets around my waist and only use pillows for back support. Or should I just avoid this alltogether? I will say, I'm a pretty light sleeper and nearly everything wakes me up, always has.
Ok, sorry so many questions. I have ordered a book about safe co-sleeping and am starting to do research, but I figured this was a good place to start. I appreciate the help.


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Hi Bompus
Great plugin - thanks for sharing.
I have a question - approved reviews come out without line breaks on the front site. Any way to change this?
Also - I am using an include on my page to call in some social icons at the page footer
<?php include('inc/social.php') ?>
When a review has been submitted it displays all the wpcr_del_cookie("wpcr_status_msg");" stuff too.....
I've taken out the include and it works fine. Just wondered if there was any fix.


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I`m getting empty contact list. It worked fine few days back.
I have exaclty the same problem. Does anybody have an idea what the problem might be?
I use oauth to get contact list. It works fine, until few days ago. Is a yahoo problem?
I have just wrote the code to import contact, It works until login form but returns null for contact details.
Is anybody got the solution for the same problem? Please suggest.
Same problem with me.
object(stdClass)#8 (1) { ["query"]=> object(stdClass)#9 (4) { ["count"]=> int(0) ["created"]=> string(20) "2014-06-26T10:11:40Z" ["lang"]=> string(5) "en-US" ["results"]=> NULL } }
yeterday it worked for me but today it not working ,,, Please Suggest .
I got the same Problem.
I download code project:
(Implementing Yahoo! Contact Reader Using ASP.NET)
But, this project cannot get email (error 404)
Uri uri = new Uri("http://social.yahooapis.com/v1/user/" + OauthYahooGuid + "/contacts?format=XML");
string authHeader = "Authorization: OAuth " +
"realm=\"yahooapis.com\"" +
",oauth_consumer_key=\"" + ConsumerKey + "\"" +
",oauth_nonce=\"" + nonce + "\"" +
",oauth_signature_method=\"HMAC-SHA1\"" +
",oauth_timestamp=\"" + timeStamp + "\"" +
",oauth_token=\"" + OauthToken + "\"" +
",oauth_version=\"1.0\"" +
",oauth_signature=\"" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(sig) + "\"";
Pls help me.
This happened to me too, the code was working then suddenly the contacts list always empty
Hello Guys,
I was also suffered from same issue. But today I got the solution for the same. In current update yahoo allowing access to contact api only through "https". So you need to edit your "yahoo.inc" file. Replace all "http" by "https" protocol
Note : - While replacing the "http" by "https", please make sure your site url wont get replaced. Feel free to post your status here.
Thank You.
I changed http to https a long time ago. This does not seem to cause the problem in my case. I still get an empty contact list.
doesn't work for me ...
same here also, it didn't work
Can any one yet able to fix that issue ? Is that API error from yahoo side ?
Looks like the issue observed depending on client regional location. Client setup in eastern Europe returned 0 contacts. From US for all test accounts I've tried Yahoo API performed as expected (returning contacts list).
I am in the US and get 0 contacts.
Depending on Yahoo load balancing configuration for social.yahooapis.com, as expected, different servers are resolved.
IP resolved from my machine located in Burlington, MA (126.96.36.199):
tracert social.yahooapis.com
1 1 ms 1 ms <1 ms 10.1.16.3
2 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms 18.104.22.168
3 4 ms 4 ms 4 ms gigabitethernet1-0-0.gw3.bos4.alter.net [126.96.36.199]
4 11 ms 11 ms 10 ms 0.ae2.br1.nyc1.alter.net [184.108.40.206]
5 * * * Request timed out.
6 11 ms 11 ms 11 ms vlan51.ebr1.newyork2.level3.net [22.214.171.124]
7 11 ms 11 ms 11 ms ae-4-4.ebr1.newyork1.level3.net [220.127.116.11]
8 12 ms 10 ms 10 ms ae-71-71.csw2.newyork1.level3.net [220.127.116.11]
9 11 ms 12 ms 11 ms ae-2-70.edge4.newyork1.level3.net [18.104.22.168]
10 37 ms 45 ms 31 ms yahoo-inc.edge4.newyork1.level3.net [22.214.171.124]
11 26 ms 19 ms 21 ms ae-2.pat1.bfz.yahoo.com [188.8.131.52]
12 20 ms 22 ms 22 ms ae-3.msr2.bf1.yahoo.com [188.8.131.52]
13 20 ms 22 ms 23 ms xe-1-2-1.clr1-a-gdc.bf1.yahoo.com [188.8.131.52]
14 22 ms 20 ms 22 ms et17-1.fab5-1-sat.bf1.yahoo.com [184.108.40.206]
15 24 ms 20 ms 38 ms po-10.bas2-1-prd.bf1.yahoo.com [22.214.171.124]
16 20 ms 19 ms 19 ms r1.ycpi.vip.bf1.yahoo.net [18.104.22.168]
For IP address resolved from Kiev, Ukraine (184.108.40.206):
tracert 220.127.116.11
1 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms 10.1.16.3
2 1 ms <1 ms <1 ms 184.108.40.206
3 4 ms 4 ms 4 ms gigabitethernet1-0-0.gw3.bos4.alter.net [18.104.22.168]
4 12 ms 10 ms 10 ms 0.ae1.br1.nyc1.alter.net [22.214.171.124]
5 * * * Request timed out.
6 97 ms 96 ms 96 ms vlan51.ebr1.newyork2.level3.net [220.127.116.11]
7 96 ms 96 ms 96 ms ae-46-46.ebr1.newyork1.level3.net [22.214.171.124]
8 106 ms 97 ms 97 ms ae-44-44.ebr2.london1.level3.net [220.127.116.11]
9 96 ms 96 ms 96 ms vlan101.ebr1.london1.level3.net [184.108.40.206]
10 97 ms 97 ms 97 ms ae-24-24.ebr2.frankfurt1.level3.net [188.8.131.52]
11 96 ms 98 ms 96 ms ae-92-92.csw4.frankfurt1.level3.net [220.127.116.11]
12 96 ms 96 ms 135 ms ae-4-90.edge5.frankfurt1.level3.net [188.8.131.52]
13 96 ms 96 ms 96 ms yahoo-inc.edge5.frankfurt1.level3.net [188.8.131.52]
14 92 ms 92 ms 92 ms r2.ycpi.vip.dee.yahoo.net [184.108.40.206]
I was able to reproduce this issue on my local machine using my personal account after adding Ukrainian IP address "126.96.36.199" into Windows hosts file (C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts).
While contacts downloaded successfully if I use regular setup (without altering hosts file).
So, looks like a replication failure occurred on Yahoo network.
Thanks a lot for this information! So, I guess we have to wait for yahoo to fix this issue, no?
You mentioned that you observed failures while connecting from US. That is what I never seen ... yet.
Could you specify your city and state? And where the account you are using has been registered? I mean from which geographical location client has connected to Yahoo first time (in order to create an account)?
Hi Oleksandr,
you are right. Now I remember that I was in Romania, when I created this account, so this supports your theory.
I just created another Yahoo account within the US (Chicago, IL) and exchanged the key/secret in my code. Unfortunately I still get an empty contact list...
Any ideas?
I am trying this from belgium. I am also getting an empty contact list.
Will really appreciate any solution to this problem.
Same here, Israel and USA both returns an empty list.. (started a month ago)
however, i tried to import my contacts though outlook.com service and it worked. i guess they are using different integration..
I tried this from India. It works. The same code doesn't work from Belgium.
Any one else facing this issue.
I don't think so, to me it works depending on exact physical endpoint resolved by DNS for social.yahooapis.com That depends on client machine location. In case of outlook.com - looks like its server, while performing you contacts upload from Yahoo, was lucky enough to establish connection to the healthy endpoint of the Yahoo network.
My current office is in Boston area (MA), and as per what our QA dept reports - Yahoo contacts are uploaded correctly for all the accounts they tried from this location. When using VPN tunneling to different locations in Europe - it returns 0 contacts for most of the cases.
We also have a dev/QA dept in Ukraine, where guys are reporting 100% failure rate.
Here are my ideas on what is happening:
Yahoo constantly tries to fix bugs in their system, but for some reason create some new after each update to their network. Here are couple examples of what our team faced recently:
- we observed the similar problem, but with OAuth in March/April. OAuth AccessToken acquired successfully from US, while in Ukraine it wasn't working at all; Issue has been fixed buy Yahoo in couple months;
- approx. 1 month ago I've got a bug-report saying that contacts upload stopped working at all (returning HTTP error-code). As it was found, with recent update Yahoo introduced case-sensitivity to their API. We used to submit enumerated parameter values in Pascal casing, while as per yahoo docs these params should go lower-cased (like "format", we were requesting "... format=Json" instead of "... format=json"). It is not a Yahoo issue, since we were not 100% flowing the API guidelines. But that has been working fine for more than a year, so why do Yahoo changed that all, decreasing versatility?
- and now we have again a problem which depends on client location. At least it doesn't return HTTP error code. Just 0 contacts, which probably looks less disruptive for end-user experience.
To me it looks like every valued professional who has been working for Yahoo in previous decade just quit and went to work for Google, Apple or whatever company which develops new quality products. Yahoo just trying to keep-up with the technical debt legacy and stays floating due to that huge volume of client accounts registered before Google era (though that is also a reason why we are integrating Yahoo into our product as well). I pissed-off that Yahoo even can't keep up with timely response to our claims, at least to provide any estimate when we should expect the issue get fixed.
From opposite side they provide API for free and "as is", which also the synonym to "we don't care of your problems, since we are not making money on you".
Got the solution
Just replace "http" in http://social.yahooapis.com/v1/user with "https" and all ports from 80 to 443.
Worked for me.
you were right, changing the hosts did the trick.
thank you!
Yahoo seems to have fixed the issue. It finally works again for me, although I didn't change anything in the code.
Still facing the same issue from NYC.
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Best Turkey Burger Recipe
This Best Turkey Burger Recipe (and amazing sauce) is perfect for this weekend and summer entertaining, because every family loves a burger!
(This is a repost from 2 years ago when our eldest graduated college; now this year our middle son is graduating and heading to China in a few weeks!)
Building a strong family doesn't just happen on it's own. You have to work at it. In fact, it takes years and years of investing in our kids, sometimes changing our approach and carving out family time. As I've shared little bits and pieces about parenting here and there on RE in the past few years, it's starting to pay off, as we're seeing little nuggets of where our kids are headed; their goals, passions, and dreams that they are starting to live out.
This past weekend, we sent our daughter off to Mexico to build houses, and then headed up to Eugene, Oregon to celebrate our son's college graduation in Human Physiology at the University of Oregon.


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"Monchique - Portugal" Top 5 Page for this destination Monchique by TinKan
Monchique Travel Guide: 10 reviews and 17 photos
Monchique was once a Roman settlement located in the hills overlooking the Algarve. The settlement was based around a natural hot springs and sulfur springs. The Romans, as the locals do today, would go to the springs and baths for relaxation and for the therapeutic properties of the sulfur baths.
You can still see the Roman ruins here as well as some of the baths that are still in use today.
Reviews (3)
You will see many old ladies chatting around the town as many of the young yearn for the big city and leave the sleepy... more travel advice
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Lovely photos and useful tips on Monchique. I plan to be in the area near the end of May, so I may have to give those Roman baths a try!
Nice page! Too bad I didn't visit when I had the chance...
always go there on the way to algarve...
your right I spent some time in this enchanting area, thanks for sparking my Memos..beautiful pag
you get into many portuguese places by the main door :-))...but really this door is very nice with its knots....not far from portimao to enjoy the sea...
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New Pokemon and Type Combinations Speculation
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January 28th, 2013 (10:22 PM).
nasty plot
Crystal Tier
Join Date: Nov 2005
Location: Queensland
Age: 24
Gender: Female
Nature: Quirky
Posts: 34,263
Originally Posted by
If you mean the common red paper dragons during their new years celebrations, that one is actually associated with metal as Red = Prosperity in China and commonly associated with good revenue for the new year (money which used to be coin which were metal) XD.
Even in Pokemon Color association is skewered. 21/68 "Red Pokemon" are Fire, rest are mixture of odd assortment of types, some both weak and strong against Fire.
As for being Chinese, ya majority of Chinese Dragons are Air, Storm or water related. I think only their Black (Evil) Dragons were associated with fire. I'd have to recheck some of my fable and fairy-tale books, but only Chinese dragons I remember being specifically Fire based was black. (other than the fictional dragon wizard Shendu from Jackie Chan Adventures who was green.)
Oh right! Well still a Pokemon based on the design of the paper dragons rather than the Chinese dragons (I'm sorry I thought they were the same and hopefully didn't offend anyone!) I'd really like that. Although there is Gyrados it's still not -exactly- that and a fire version of it would be awesome. :x
I'm paired with and in love with Frizy
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