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How a math challenge can teach more than just math
Students celebrate at the LearnStorm finals (photograph by Andrew Weeks).
Sherry*, a 5th grade student, didn't want to come to Google. For months she'd been working hard on LearnStorm, the Khan Academy math challenge, and had earned a top spot on the leaderboards. For weeks our team had been working with Google to build the most epic final award celebration we could devise. We asked her teacher, Jen Ellison, what was up and the response was heartbreaking:
"I don't ride in cars much."
Ms. Ellison said Sherry's response reminded her of the crippling effects of poverty. Sherry is ten years old. She doesn't often leave her neighborhood. "Driving an hour away might as well be the moon."
The thing is, this kind of self-limiting thinking is not only a problem for kids from underserved neighborhoods: most people are held back in some way by their mindset. Last year Edelman-Berland helped us do a poll that showed that the majority of people think their intelligence level is fixed. The research shows not only that this is inaccurate, but also that when students think this way, their test scores suffer, and they are less likely to take on the learning challenges that will set them up for future success.
We designed LearnStorm as a direct attack on these ways of thinking. We knew that to be truly impactful we would need to create a hands-on way to practice positive learning mindsets. Could we design a math challenge that taught a lot more than just math?
We launched LearnStorm in the Bay Area as a pilot. Based on what we'd learned from other math competitions, we aimed to reach at least one percent of students in grades 3-12, which is about 13,000. Three months later, over 73,000 students from about 1,600 Bay Area schools have participated in LearnStorm. They've earned points and prizes not only for mastering math skills but also for showing "hustle," a metric we created to measure grit, perseverance, and growth. They competed over 200,000 hours of learning and 13.6 million standards-aligned math problems.
In addition, thanks to the generosity of Google.org, DonorsChoose.org, and Comcast's Internet Essentials, 34 underserved schools unlocked new devices for their classrooms and free home internet service for eligible families, increasing student access to online learning tools like Khan Academy.
Bella Vista Elementary, one of the 34 schools that earned new devices for its classrooms through LearnStorm
On Saturday, we invited the LearnStorm students who mastered the most math and showed the most hustle to a finals celebration on the Google campus. These students competed in individual and team challenges and earned educational prizes from organizations such as the Exploratorium, Ardusat, the Lawrence Hall of Science, the Tech Museum of Innovation, the California Academy of Sciences, NASA, NASCAR, and the San Francisco 49ers.
Thanks to the efforts of her teacher, Ms. Ellison, Sherry was there. Thanks to her grit, determination and growth in math, she earned a prize and was celebrated by 300 of her peers from across the Bay Area at the heart of Google. As Ms. Ellison put it:
"LearnStorm taught us about hope, endurance and grit… It taught us to encourage one another because everyone struggles. It taught us that you can learn anything. It taught us that we are capable of more than we can imagine…. Oh, and we learned some math, too."
Teacher Jen Ellison tells Sal her school's story (photograph by Andrew Weeks).
At Khan Academy we've been inspired by Sherry and all the participants, volunteers, teachers and parents who made this LearnStorm pilot such a success. We're working with the same hustle, grit and determination to make LearnStorm bigger and better. So stay tuned for updates later this year!
- James Tynan, Adoption Lead
Khan Academy helps students prepare for medical school admission test
There were many memorable moments on my road to becoming a doctor, but a few stand out.
1. Biking to the hospital in the snow, day after day after day (it was in Boston), during residency. Wet scrubs are no fun.
2. Talking to a teenage girl who was embarrassed about having to find a prom dress that would cover the large psoriasis plaques on her elbows
3. High-fiving and hugging a patient-turned-friend moments after finding out his leukemia was in remission!
4. Helping to give a baby its first breath…
5. Studying for the MCAT® exam (Medical College Admission Test)
Are you surprised that last one made the list? Don't be. I studied for the MCAT for weeks and weeks, and walked out feeling drained. It was a grueling experience and I was a basket case, running around trying to balance my class-load with finding reliable study materials and knocking out practice questions on weekends. For three long months, I ate, slept, studied, and stressed (in that order). But I realize that the work I put into preparing helped get me ready for medical school.
This April, the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) is unveiling a new and improved MCAT exam. More than 80,000 individuals will take this new test on their road to medical school each year. And with the help of the AAMC and a grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Khan Academy has built resources to help students prepare for the exam.
For the past two years, we've worked with a fantastic team of educators to create more than 900 videos and 2,000 questions spanning all of the foundational concepts tested on the new exam. These include biochemistry, biology, physiology, physics, chemistry, and - for the first time ever - the social sciences, specifically psychology and sociology.
It's amazing to think that within four years, students taking the new MCAT are going to be physicians in every single clinic, hospital, and operating theater across the United States and Canada. They'll be caring for you or someone you love.
We know that aspiring medical students want to learn, and we want to be a small part of their journey. Good luck to everyone taking the new MCAT exam - we hope you find our new study tools helpful!
- Rishi Desai, Program Lead - Medical Partnerships
New course: Learn to make your web pages interactive with JavaScript
On Khan Academy, our two most popular programming courses are Intro to JavaScript, where you learn the fundamentals of JavaScript with the ProcessingJS library, and Intro to HTML/CSS, where you learn to create, style, and lay out a web page. But that's like having strawberries and chocolate in front of you, and not dunking a strawberry in the chocolate.
That's why we've put together a course on making web pages interactive – combining your knowledge of HTML/CSS with your knowledge of JavaScript so that you can programmatically access parts of your page and modify them in response to all sorts of user events. With that knowledge, you can make slideshows, games, galleries, apps – virtually anything you've seen on the web.
Dive in here: https://khanacademy.org/html-css-js
A big thanks to our early reviewers for all their great feedback:
Nicholas Zakas, Kevin Lozandier, wbwalp, SpongeJR, and Katarina L
The Learning Myth: Why I'll Never Tell My Son He's Smart
By: Salman Khan
Update: This Op-ed was part of a Khan Academy initiative to change how people think about learning. Since then we have launched LearnStorm, a free Common Core math challenge for 3rd-12th graders in the Bay Area to give parents, teachers and students a hand-on way to practice better learning mindsets. If you're a parent, teacher or student in the Bay Area you can sign up for LearnStorm here.
My 5-year-old son has just started reading. Every night, we lie on his bed and he reads a short book to me. Inevitably, he'll hit a word that he has trouble with: last night the word was "gratefully." He eventually got it after a fairly painful minute. He then said, "Dad, aren't you glad how I struggled with that word? I think I could feel my brain growing." I smiled: my son was now verbalizing the tell-tale signs of a "growth mindset." But this wasn't by accident. Recently, I put into practice research I had been reading about for the past few years: I decided to praise my son not when he succeeded at things he was already good at, but when he persevered with things that he found difficult. I stressed to him that by struggling, your brain grows. Between the deep body of research on the field of learning mindsets and this personal experience with my son, I am more convinced than ever that mindsets toward learning could matter more than anything else we teach.
Researchers have known for some time that the brain is like a muscle; that the more you use it, the more it grows. They've found that neural connections form and deepen most when we make mistakes doing difficult tasks rather than repeatedly having success with easy ones.
What this means is that our intelligence is not fixed, and the best way that we can grow our intelligence is to embrace tasks where we might struggle and fail.
However, not everyone realizes this. Dr. Carol Dweck of Stanford University has been studying people's mindsets towards learning for decades. She has found that most people adhere to one of two mindsets: fixed or growth. Fixed mindsets mistakenly believe that people are either smart or not, that intelligence is fixed by genes. People with growth mindsets correctly believe that capability and intelligence can be grown through effort, struggle and failure. Dweck found that those with a fixed mindset tended to focus their effort on tasks where they had a high likelihood of success and avoided tasks where they may have had to struggle, which limited their learning. People with a growth mindset, however, embraced challenges, and understood that tenacity and effort could change their learning outcomes. As you can imagine, this correlated with the latter group more actively pushing themselves and growing intellectually.
The good news is that mindsets can be taught; they're malleable. What's really fascinating is that Dweck and others have developed techniques that they call "growth mindset interventions," which have shown that even small changes in communication or seemingly innocuous comments can have fairly long-lasting implications for a person's mindset. For instance, praising someone's process ("I really like how you struggled with that problem") versus praising an innate trait or talent ("You're so clever!") is one way to reinforce a growth mindset with someone. Process praise acknowledges the effort; talent praise reinforces the notion that one only succeeds (or doesn't) based on a fixed trait. And we've seen this on Khan Academy as well: students are spending more time learning on Khan Academy after being exposed to messages that praise their tenacity and grit and that underscore that the brain is like a muscle.
The Internet is a dream for someone with a growth mindset. Between Khan Academy, MOOCs, and others, there is unprecedented access to endless content to help you grow your mind. However, society isn't going to fully take advantage of this without growth mindsets being more prevalent. So what if we actively tried to change that? What if we began using whatever means are at our disposal to start performing growth mindset interventions on everyone we cared about? This is much bigger than Khan Academy or algebra — it applies to how you communicate with your children, how you manage your team at work, how you learn a new language or instrument. If society as a whole begins to embrace the struggle of learning, there is no end to what that could mean for global human potential.
And now here's a surprise for you. By reading this article itself, you've just undergone the first half of a growth-mindset intervention. The research shows that just being exposed to the research itself (for example, knowing that the brain grows most by getting questions wrong, not right) can begin to change a person's mindset. The second half of the intervention is for you to communicate the research with others. We've made a video (above) that celebrates the struggle of learning that will help you do this. After all, when my son, or for that matter, anyone else asks me about learning, I only want them to know one thing. As long as they embrace struggle and mistakes, they can learn anything.
LearnStorm is powered by Khan Academy with the support of our friends at Google
Khan Academy: now on your iPad more interactive and personalized than ever
Back in 2008, Khan Academy started as a simple library of YouTube videos, but has grown to become so much more. Over 15 millions students per month are learning across the platform through video lessons, tutorials and interactive exercises.
In our mission to build a free, world-class education, we've heard from students that they want to learn and practice on tablets: it's easier to access whether you're at school, on the couch or doing homework with friends. For the past few years we've offered a great video viewing experience on iPads - today, we're excited to introduce the next step in Khan Academy's mobile story: bringing interactive, personalized learning to the iPad with math exercises, handwriting recognition and more.
So what's the story? This is the first time that the entire library of Khan Academy has been made available on iPads!
Our app has been built for speed - it's the easiest and most personal way to access all of our content. We also wanted to build features uniquely suited for the platform, like our beautiful scratchpad that you can use to jot down your thoughts and work through problems in the app.
Our new app has brand new ways to help you learn math and more on the iPad:
Sharpen your skills: over 150,000 interactive, common core aligned exercises with instant feedback and step-by-step hints for each question. Follow along with what you're learning in school or practice on your own, at your own pace.
Flex your muscles: the app adjusts to give you interactive exercise recommendations that are tailored just for you through the world of math.
Show your work: the app harnesses the power of showing and stepping through your work with a beautiful, expansive scratchpad. Once you have your answer, just write it in, and we'll recognize your answer!
Track back: your learning auto-magically syncs between your iPad and khanacademy.org, so your progress and recommendations are always up-to-date, anywhere, anytime.
We're excited that this can help you learn almost anything: we've put together thousands of videos on science topics such as biology, chemistry, and physics, and the humanities with tutorials on art history, civics, and finance, too. Our new app has a new, expansive design that highlights our content and makes it more efficient for students to access content at the right level and puts you a few touches away from our full library of videos, articles, and exercises.
This app would not have been possible without the generous support of our donors. It's available now - download it here and be sure to let us know what you think in the comments below!


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3 Parks near West Kelowna, British Columbia
Kelowna, British Columbia 7.17 miles E
Peachland, British Columbia 9.74 miles SW
Lake Country, British Columbia 14.55 miles NE
Summerland, British Columbia 19.13 miles SW
Oyama, British Columbia 19.47 miles NE
2150 Old Okanagan Hwy West Kelowna, British Columbia V4T 1V3 (map) | (250) 768-7644
Sites: 33 | Latest Rate: $30.00 | 1 Reviews
|Clean Restrooms:
|Clean Showers:
Aug 2007 - $30.00
Back in site with narrow access road. Owner is very protective of the grass and will charge you if you happen to damaging it by driving on it. Wifi is "in the wild" but seems to work very well. We were promised a site--but that one was "given away" fortunately there was another site available. Nice view of the lake. No sign on new highway, found it by using GPS and microsoft Streets & Trips. Address: 2160 Old Okanagan Hwy Westbank , British Columbia Canada, V4T 1A1 - User3761
1865 Ross Rd West Kelowna, British Columbia V1Y 1T7 (map) | (250) 212-0937
Sites: 24 | Latest Rate: $42.00 | 2 Reviews
|Clean Restrooms:
|Clean Showers:
May 2009 - $42.00
This is a small (24 space) park conveniently located along the main highway through Westbank. Each of the gravel back-in sites is located off the center paved road, and all are full-hookups with 20/30/50 Amp power pedestals. The owner is often on-site working on projects and landscaping, and runs a very laid-back park. About 30% of the sites were occupied by long-term rigs when we visited. We were a little surprised when the tab was higher than expected (C$40 advertised daily rate turned into C$45/day on a weekly at checkout), but more questions up-front would have cleared that up. Try to get a site on the right facing the park from the street; there's a Card-Lock truck fueling station to the left. - RvTravelerNTechie
Jul 2005 - $40.00
This has to be the worst RV Park, I have ever stayed in. Noisy, no shade, no grass, expensive considering no cable or pool. Situated next to a gas card lock, which means semi's roaring in all night long to re-fuel. This place is awful. - beddows
2325 Okanagan Hwy West Kelowna, British Columbia V4T 1V3 (map) | (250) 768-7426
Sites: 54 | Latest Rate: $45.00 | 2 Reviews
|Clean Restrooms:
|Clean Showers:
Jul 2014 - $45.00
A very average campground. Has rather weak 30 amp electric service. Couldn't run much else if we had our A/C on. Shortly after we got here the Wi-Fi would only work at the office. After about a week they got it fixed. Our site is fairly level where the our 5th wheel sits, but the area outside where seating is has a severe slope. We had to prop the picnic bench up about 6" to use it. There is no cable TV and for some reason you can't get local stations on the antenna even though we are in town. Also my pet peeve is pay showers. - RVerDWF
Aug 2007 - $26.00
Their showers are free. - har-fl

subset: commoncrawl


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I strongly encourage voters to re-elect Scott Gullickson to the Ridgefield School Board Position 5. Gullickson is an intelligent, dedicated individual who has asked the tough questions and gotten the answers prior to approving any motions by the board. He actively listens and takes the time to follow up.
Whether it is on the soccer field with his kids, after school board meetings, or while volunteering at a school function, he takes the time for questions. Gullickson devotes many hours to his responsibility as a board member, making it clear that he really cares what happens with our students, our schools and our community.
Suzanne Tudor


text: I'm looking for a specific part on the brakes, the nut with the hole through the middle that secures the brake cable to the caliper arm with the complete circle. Sorry, I don't know the correct term, but I've tried to include a couple helpful pictures. I'm looking for both the bolt and nut. Anybody know where I might find one. Thanks


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NFL Films producing Phish, Seahawks, 'Wilson' show
We've kind of cornered the Phish-NFL beat here at CBSSports.com. (It's a tough job but someone's got to do it.) So we're especially pumped that on the heels of Phish lead singer Trey Anastasio asking for Seahawks fans to chant "Wil-son" at football games and then wearing a Russell Wilson shirt during a recent Phish show, the NFL is embracing the trend.
Well, NFL Films to be precise. But that might be even better: they rarely make a misstep when it comes to producing television and from what NFL Films producer Chris Weaver wrote on Phantasy Tour (a Phish message board) it sounds like this could be pretty interesting:
I'm currently co-producing and directing a piece for the series NFL Films Presents about Phish and the Seahawks, as it relates to Trey's requests in Seattle and at the Gorge for Seahawks fans to do the Wiiiiil-sooooon chant when Seahawks quarterback Russell Wilson takes the field at home games.
While Phish was wrapping up the Fall tour in Atlantic City, the band and Red Light Management provided us with outstanding access: I interviewed Trey and Fish, we did some backstage filming, and we shot virtually the entire 11/2/13 concert.
Our next set of shoots is in Seattle this weekend, and at the Seahawks game this Monday Night. If you, or if you know of a group of Phish fans who will be at the game on Monday, please let me know below.
Weaver wrote that the piece is tracking to air on "January on ESPN and NFL Network."
He also threw out some getting-nice looking photos on his Twitter feed from the shots that NFL Films was doing.
@NFLFilms shooting for our upcoming NFL Films presents piece about @Phish and @DangeRussWilson pic.twitter.com/p9aVpQFDhy— c.weaver (@Weaver_NFLF) November 27, 2013
Our @NFLFilms shoot with @phish in Atlantic City. For NFL Films Presents "Wiiilsoon" to air in Jan. More info to come pic.twitter.com/MxECkveYnH— c.weaver (@Weaver_NFLF) November 27, 2013
More from our @NFLFilms shoot with @Phish in Atlantic City. pic.twitter.com/DybBT6AT0Z— c.weaver (@Weaver_NFLF) November 27, 2013
Clearly, the NFL can still have fun.


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you are viewing a single comment's thread.
"…Let's get free of oil dependence 40 years overdue. A hybrid in every garage. An oil line down from our buddies in Canada. You know way up north.
Let's put solar panel heating in every home with a sun exposure and take some pressure off the grid. Now there's a subsidy worth having, until we get to economies of scale. There's a place where govt can help if they vet the firms competently, albeit a big if. …?"
Without dealing with the rest of what you've written, that statement places you in the nether world of complete ignorance. EVERY ONE of these government funded solar project either has gone broke, or is on the verge of doing so, at taxpayers' expense.
As for hybrids, those are for the tree huggers, and those that don't mind being squashed by a 10 wheeler, or a 90's style SUV.
Isn't the country broke enough for you? Or are you opining for the day when hyperinflation finally forces the issue of returning to honest money by wishing for even more of the stupid, or is it the deliberately destructive, spending of the political elite? While some benefit under a hyperinflationary environment, vast numbers of your countrymen will not, and many could suffer starvation, not to mention the snowballing effect worldwide. The upshot of all of that could well be widespread civil disorder in a world where US drones could be turned against the people that paid their taxes to develop them.
If you would just calm down and consider that there may be developments in the pipeline (non-solar, by the way) that would negate the reliance on Middle East oil and send the whole lot of them back to either becoming camel drivers or accepting civilized behavior. None of this requires nukes, and would force the issue of bringing the military home as unneeded horrendous expenses that not even the military industrial complex could oppose. The return to honest money would also be guaranteed since all of this funny counterfeit money has arisen out of militarism. Governments would automatically lose their relevance and power. People would therefore be in a position to demand, or practice civil disobedience on the issue of what amounts to counterfeit "legal" tender.


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Manuel U. Covarrubias
Visitation will be held from 2-6 p.m., on April 18, followed by a Rosary at 6 p.m., for Manuel U. Covarrubias, at Evans Miller Guinn Chapel. Funeral Services will be at 1 p.m., on April 19, at Evans Miller Guinn Chapel.
Manuel passed away April 14, in Exeter, at the age of 84. He was born on March 23, 1929, in Jalisco, Mexico.
Condolences may be sent to the family at www.evansmillerguinnchapel.com. Services entrusted to Evans Miller Guinn Chapel.
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Angel Ray Montoya faces the most serious charges, first-degree murder and child abuse resulting in death. Police believe he killed the toddler while her mother, Miriam Gallegos, was at work in 2007.
Miriam Gallegos, Montoya's girlfriend, faces charges of child abuse resulting in death and accessory to a crime.
They were first arrested in September 2007, after Neveah's body was found in a ravine. Denver Police say Miriam Gallegos falsely reported that Neveah had been kidnapped.
Police say in September 2007, Montoya called Miriam Gallegos while she was at work, asking her to come home. When she got there, her daughter was not breathing, police say. Instead of calling an ambulance, police say Miriam Gallegos and Montoya put the girl in a plastic bag and Montoya disposed of the body.
Police asked residents to participate in the search for the missing girl by looking in their trash bins. After almost three full days of searching, Nevaeh's body was found.
Prosecutors initially had to release Miriam Gallegos and Montoya because they did not have enough evidence to charge them in the case. In May 2008, both were indicted.
Denver District Attorney Mitch Morrissey previously said part of the difficulty in charging Montoya and Miriam Gallegos initially had been the coroner's findings on the toddler's cause of death. The official report listed Naveah's cause of death as "undetermined." After getting a second opinion, Morrissey says it was determined Naveah died of asphyxiation.
Montoya also faces separate charges for failing to register as a sex offender. That case has been continued to 2010 because of the outstanding murder charge. In 2005, Montoya was sentenced to 18 months probation for abusing a 5-year-old boy.
Montoya and Miriam Gallegos will both be back in court in February for the Neveah case.
(Copyright KUSA*TV, All Rights Reserved)


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Bay Area News
Striking Hostess workers are told of the company's plan to shut down
Posted by Mark DuFrene on 11/16/2012 4:20pm PDT tags: photo
Hostess Brands' plans to shut down operations in the wake of a crippling strike means 145 workers at Oakland's Colombo bakery will lose their jobs. Meanwhile, customers hit the company's outlet stores to stock up on their favorites snacks.
[insertSlideshowjava xml="http://director.mercurynews.com/images.php?album=2710" api="merc2"]


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USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Other ID: Cruise J-143 II; JSL dives 1233-1241
Status: Completed
Organization(s): USGS, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Funding Program(s):
Principal Investigator(s): David Twichell
Affiliate Investigator(s): Robert Jones - Harbor Branch Foundation; Churchill Grimes - Rutgers Univ.
Information Specialist(s):
Data Type(s): Sonar: Sidescan, Seismics: Sub Bottom Profiler, Location-Elevation: Navigation
Scientific Purpose/Goals: Assess the importance of erosion by biological organisms on the outer continental shelf around the head of Hudson Canyon by surveying tilefish burrows via sidescan sonar (distribution mapping) and submersible observation.
Start Port/Location: Woods Hole, MA
End Port/Location: Cape May, NJ
Start Date: 1982-07-22
End Date: 1982-07-29
Equipment Used: Klein 531 sidescan, ORE 140 transceiver/1036 transducer sub-bottom profiler, Northstar 6000 LORAN-C
Information to be Derived:
Summary of Activity and Data Gathered: Seismic survey equipment deployed and recovered at multiple locations. Sidescan survey data collected and observations in JOHNSON SEA-LINK noted. Data collected include video, still photos, audio transcripts, temperature data, current data, 3.5 kHz profiles, and sidescan sonar profiles.
Staff: Gregory Miller, David Twichell
Affiliate Staff:
Notes: Original Center People field contained: Dave Twichell - Scientist, Greg Miller - Technician.
Hudson Canyon, North Atlantic continental shelf, United States, North America, North Atlantic;
Data Acquired


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Everybody knows that the vacuum cleaner sucks in the garbage and dust. But now engineers have developed a terrific idea – to use the collected garbage to produce energy required for the vacuum cleaner. See the innovative energy-saving vacuum cleanerOther interiorholics searched for:
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Our reader asked us to write a little bit more about the most necessary tools for successful home cleaning. This time I decided to make the list more specific for those who have pets living in the house. What things one needs to keep the house clean.
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text:
cracks by InanimateSickBoyWatch
©2010-2016 InanimateSickBoy
i love broken ice lol
if you use my work credit me
if you use my work credit me
I love broken anything! Shattered, decayed, I find a home inside the imperfect and destroyed. And with broken ice, it is so fleeting, there one moment, melted the next, capturing the moment like this is the only way to make it permanent.
broken thing are so much more intresting than new shinie things!. i love your way of descibeing ice and how to make it last for ever thanks for the fave to!
New and shiny things make me uncomfortable, I am always afraid to start a new sketchbook, or break the spine of a book, make the first mark, but after then I love how comfortable things get!
my gf is like that too lol. i find new thing lack character thats why i rarely look at new things whislst takeing pictures
Old things just like they have such a story to tell. This is why I can't get on with the digital age, I like to have a book or CD to physically hold, to get worn and have memories attached to. I don't understand my own generation.
im in the middle on thay issuse its really nice to have a book or cd but at the same time i dont have bloody space for the archave of stuff i have lol.
I have that same problem. I'm pretty sure that any day now I will have to become a contortionist to get to some of my stuff.
this is so cool! I love how the ice broke it looks like a mirror
excellent job
excellent job
thanks my gf was jumping on the ice and it looked awesome i had to take photos , ta for the fave as well
It does have a nice effect
thanks i wish i had more time to play about with the ice and get better ones tho
Amazing as usual. A fantastic group of photo's.
Good shot my boy !
Very nice, seems long over due since we got anything new from you.
Very nice, seems long over due since we got anything new from you.
yh its been a while thanks for the fave too
Youre welcome, good to have you back
well for now lol i have more to put up but no time sadly
How come, busy ith work or something ??
work ...you no life and all th crap lol just no time
Ah, ok....you just have to make time i guess...i dont think i could just put my creativity to one side like that...
wow - love this
Did you go on vacation for your latest pics?
nope just went home for xmass lol its been the coldest winter in years hear so maby al get some snow pics but i doubt it
great texture!
I love to jumping on ice
Interesing shot and very nice colors.
Damn.. I like it!
Interesing shot and very nice colors.
Damn.. I like it!
i got my gf to jump on it lol would of done it myself but she wanted to lol, thanks for the fave too glad you likes
Great picture!


text:
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text:
Fax: (713) 794-4385
Original Article
Earlier age of onset of BRCA mutation-related cancers in subsequent generations†
Version of Record online: 12 SEP 2011
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26284
Copyright © 2011 American Cancer Society
Volume 118, Issue 2, pages 321–325, 15 January 2012
Additional Information
How to Cite
Litton, J. K., Ready, K., Chen, H., Gutierrez-Barrera, A., Etzel, C. J., Meric-Bernstam, F., Gonzalez-Angulo, A. M., Le-Petross, H., Lu, K., Hortobagyi, G. N. and Arun, B. K. (2012), Earlier age of onset of BRCA mutation-related cancers in subsequent generations. Cancer, 118: 321–325. doi: 10.1002/cncr.26284
- †
Presented in part at the American Society of Clinical Oncology 2009 Breast Cancer Symposium; San Francisco, California; October 8-10, 2009.
Publication History
- Issue online: 5 JAN 2012
- Version of Record online: 12 SEP 2011
- Manuscript Revised: 19 APR 2011
- Manuscript Accepted: 19 APR 2011
- Manuscript Received: 3 MAR 2011
Erratum: Erratum: Earlier age of onset of BRCA mutation-related cancers in subsequent generations
Vol. 118, Issue 11, 2997, Version of Record online: 4 OCT 2011
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
- breast cancer;
- anticipation;
- hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome
Women who are diagnosed with a deleterious mutation in either breast cancer (BRCA) gene have a high risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers at young ages. In this study, the authors assessed age at diagnosis in 2 generations of families with known mutations to investigate for earlier onset in subsequent generations.
Of the 132 BRCA-positive women with breast cancer who participated in a high-risk protocol at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (Gen 2), 106 women could be paired with a family member in the previous generation (Gen 1) who was diagnosed with a BRCA-related cancer (either breast cancer or ovarian cancer). Age at diagnosis, location of the mutation, and year of birth were recorded. A previously published parametric anticipation model was applied in these genetically predisposed families.
The median age of cancer diagnosis was 42 years (range, 28-55 years) in Gen 2 and 48 years (range, 30-72 years) in Gen 1 (P < .001). In the parametric model, the estimated change in the expected age at onset for the entire cohort was 7.9 years (P < .0001). Statistically significant earlier ages at diagnosis also were observed within subgroups of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, maternal inheritance, paternal inheritance, breast cancer only, and breast cancer-identified and ovarian cancer-identified families.
Breast and ovarian cancers in BRCA mutation carriers appeared to be diagnosed at an earlier age in later generations. The authors concluded that patients who are younger at the onset of BRCA-related cancers should continue to be tracked to offer appropriate screening modalities at appropriate ages. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) related to the breast cancer (BRCA) genes initially was identified in families with the use of genetic linkage analysis.1-3 Since then, over 5000 different mutations in these genes have been identified that are inherited in an autosomal-dominant fashion and are responsible for approximately 5% to 10% of breast cancer diagnoses.4 Carriers of this mutation have an elevated risk of developing both breast and/or ovarian cancer, and a meta-analysis estimate of the lifetime risk of breast cancer was 47% to 66% in BRCA1 carriers and 40% to 57% in the BRCA2 carriers, and the risk of developing ovarian cancer was 35% to 46% and 13% to 23%, respectively, in the same analysis.5 One of the major risk factors for HBOC is the development of breast cancer at a very young age, Thus, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines panel has recommend initiating screening at ages 20 to 25 years, or 5 to 10 years earlier than the youngest age at diagnosis in the family.6 Implementing screening techniques is meant to identify cancers at the earliest time possible; therefore, estimating the onset of disease is vital in timing the initiation of screening and interventions.
Anticipation has been described as a phenomenon observed in inherited diseases such as Fragile X syndrome and Huntington disease, in which the disease occurs at younger ages or with increased severity of disease in subsequent generations.7, 8 The cause of this anticipation has been identified as DNA instability, such as nucleotide repeats that change in length in subsequent generations, altering the phenotype of the disease. However, changes in disease phenotype in subsequent generations also have been identified in other disorders, such as in colon cancer, Alzheimer disease, and diabetes.9, 10 With the increase in BRCA1 and BRCA2 testing, there also has been an increase in families being evaluated and screened for HBOC.
There have been several reports of anticipation in breast cancer. To date, these reports have been based on very small cohorts; those studies indicated an earlier age at diagnosis and examined the absolute differences between matched pairs. Dagan and Gershoni-Baruch reported a statistically significant difference of approximately 4 years in BRCA2 mutation carriers and a statistically nonsignificant numerical difference in BRCA1 carriers.11 In addition, Peixoto et al and Paltiel et al also observed similar patterns of earlier age of diagnosis for subsequent generations in breast cancer registries.12, 13
When discussing appropriate screening interventions for women with a known deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, potential interventions include clinical breast examination, magnetic resonance imaging, and mammography.14 Evaluating for patterns of inheritance like anticipation in families with known deleterious BRCA mutations may help promote understanding of these genes and provide further insight into the timing of screening initiation and starting other interventions. The objective of the current analysis was to evaluate any trends in age at diagnoses in families with known deleterious BRCA mutations at a single institution to add to the growing evidence of genetic anticipation in patients with HBOC. We evaluated families who were referred to the Clinical Cancer Genetic Program at our institution and analyzed age at diagnosis across 2 generations.
Women who attended the Clinical Cancer Genetics clinic from January 2003 to March 2009 in the Breast Center at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center were included in this analysis. Patients were accrued prospectively to an Institutional Review Board-approved protocol that allowed for the collection and retrieval of clinical data. Patients consulted a genetic counselor and were followed by faculty from the Clinical Cancer Genetics Program. Family history questionnaires were distributed to patients before their genetic counseling session to help prepare and gather the necessary information for the session. Pedigrees were drawn at the time of the initial visit and were stored in a centralized database. Patients identified all family members, including those who were not affected by cancer. Age at diagnosis and type of cancer diagnosed in family members were provided by the patient (proband). For the purposes of this study, all pedigrees were evaluated by the investigator and the clinical genetic counselor for all families that had an identified deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Pedigrees in which a breast cancer and/or ovarian cancer was identified in the previous generation were included in the analysis. Because previous generations often did not have genetic testing and family members were not living, pedigree analysis by a genetic counselor and the investigator were performed to determine the parental side of inheritance. Pedigrees in which there was not an HBOC-related cancer in the previous generation were excluded from the analysis. In total, 132 women were diagnosed with a deleterious BRCA mutation during the study period, and 106 families were identified with affected individuals in ≥2 generations. In all, 303 individuals who were affected with an HBOC-related cancer were included in the final analysis.
Statistical Considerations
Initially, t tests for paired data were used to compare the age at diagnosis between generations. A secondary analysis was completed using the method proposed by Larsen et al15 based on a parametric model for analyzing anticipation that may allow for right-censored observations, inclusion of covariates, and drawing of statistical inference based on the likelihood function, which studies the patient family instead of parent-child pairs. The advantage of this model is that all of the individuals who are known to be at risk in a family can be contained in the study.
We applied the basic model (Model 1), which only included generation and family effects:
The families are indexed by i = 1, 106, and individuals in the families are indexed by j = 1, ni. Thus, mij denotes the generation of the jth individual of the ith family. The older individual in a family is represented as mij = 0, and the younger generation is represented as mij = 1. Also, Tij denotes the age at onset, μi is the estimator mean of the older generation, γ is the mean difference of the 2 generations, and εij is the residual of jth individual of the ith family. It is assumed that all of these effects are mutually independent and that the age at onset follows a multivariate normal distribution.
Then, the numeric maximization of the log-likelihood function principle was applied to estimate μi and γ, and the likelihood ratio test was adopted to test the significance. The log likelihood is as follows:
When evaluating age differences between generations in each family, the t test for paired data indicated a median age at diagnosis of 48 years in the older generation (Gen 1) and 42 years in the younger generation (Gen 2); the range of differences between Gen 1 and Gen 2 was approximately 14 to 51 years (P < .001). To account for changes in medical care, differences by decade of birth also were taken into account (Table 1).
|Median Age (Range), y
|Decade of Birth: Gen 2
|Gen 1
|Gen 2
|1930-1939, n = 4
|55 (39-58)
|52.5 (40-86)
|1940-1949, n = 18
|50 (32-68)
|46.5 (32-57)
|1950-1959, n = 42
|50 (33-70)
|43.5 (20-53)
|1960-1969, n = 28
|39.5 (23-64)
|38.5 (21-43)
|1970-1980, n = 14
|44.5 (34-64)
|31 (25-35)
Because of the limitations of evaluating data by using the t test for paired data, we also used the parametric model for analyzing anticipation as described above. For the entire cohort, the change in the expected age at onset was 7.9 years, and the mean value of age at onset for Gen 1 was 48.98 years with a likelihood ratio of 36.77 and 1 degree of freedom (P < .0001).
Because these pedigrees take into account HBOC-related cancers that include both breast and ovarian cancers, additional analyses were performed after stratification of these characteristics and using the parametric model for analyzing anticipation. Table 2 provides results from the stratification of families with BRCA1 mutations only, BRCA2 mutation only, families with only breast cancer diagnosed, and families with both breast and ovarian cancers diagnosed. Differences in age of diagnoses between 2 generations also were observed and were statistically significant when these specific family characteristics were isolated.
|Mean LR of Age at Onset
|LR Test
|Family Characteristics (n = 106 Families)
|Gen 2
|Gen 1
|Expected Change
|BRCA1 only, n = 67
|BRCA2 only, n = 39
|Breast cancer only, n = 48
|Both breast cancer and ovarian cancer diagnosed in the family, n = 58
|Mutation inherited from mother's side of the family, n = 74
|Mutation inherited from father's side of the family, n = 32
In the current analysis, we evaluated families with HBOC-related cancers in at least 2 generations and described trends in differences in age at diagnosis between these generations. We observed an earlier age at diagnosis in younger generations whether we used the t test for paired data or the more inclusive parametric model for analyzing anticipation. In addition, when we examined differences in subsets (BRCA1 families vs BRCA2 families, inheritance through the mother's or the father's side, and whether or not the families were affected by breast cancer only or by both breast and ovarian cancer), these age differences remained. The magnitude of the age differences between these subsets varied and, although they may have been affected by the small subset numbers, they add to the growing evidence of genetic anticipation in HBOC.
With the onset of genetic testing for HBOC and other cancer genetic syndromes, providing guidance for the timing of screening and prophylactic interventions will be critical to preventing cancers in future generations. Currently, guidelines, like those published by the NCCN, suggest that screening should be initiated for HBOC-related breast cancer at age 25 years, or 5 to 10 years earlier than the age at earliest diagnosis.6 At this point, this recommendation appears to be sufficient and appropriate. However, if true genetic anticipation is observed with this syndrome, then monitoring for these shifts in age at diagnosis in future generations will be required to better prepare caregivers and patients with regard to the timing of counseling and interventions.
There are several limitations to this analysis. We have identified families with a known deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, but testing was not available for many affected family members from previous generations. The mutations that were identified in this cohort are listed in Table 3. Assumptions had to be made regarding genetic carrier status. Also, because pedigrees were drawn from information provided by the proband, age at diagnosis may have been affected by recall bias. Additional information regarding previous bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy may have influenced age at diagnosis and could not be included it in our data set. This factor should be documented and tracked in prospective series. Genetic counseling sessions at our institution are preceded by a family history questionnaire that is mailed to the proband in advance of their visit. They are encouraged to discuss with family members regarding diagnosis, cancer type, and age at onset. When possible, probands are encouraged to provide pathology reports of family members to evaluate, for instance, the type of ovarian cancer; however, it was very uncommon for patients to be able to provide this documentation. Another potential bias is referral bias. Because our institution is a tertiary cancer center, our patient base is younger on average than the general population with breast cancer.
|Identified Deleterious Mutations
|Del exon 17
|Del exons 1-17
|Del exons 16-17
|Del exons 9-12
|Dup exons 3-8
|Del exons 1-2
|Exon 13 ins 6kb
There may be multiple other factors that influence the age at diagnosis, such as race, exposures, and other environmental factors, that were not available as part of our analysis. Furthermore, improvements in imaging techniques, such as digital mammography and dedicated breast magnetic resonance imaging, may help diagnose HBOC-related breast cancers earlier in more recent generations. These and other factors should be considered in future prospective cohort analyses.
For potential statistical bias, family members may not have had complete information regarding unaffected individuals in their pedigree. This may have affected the statistical analysis as part of the parametric model for analyzing anticipation. This also may bias the result toward younger age at diagnosis in younger generations. In light of this factor, the true difference between 2 generations may be <7.9 years. Nevertheless, the highly significant result is still a strong proof of the tendency for the younger generation to develop HBOC-related breast cancer at younger ages than their affected older generation.
In the future, as cancer genetic clinics and genetic counseling become more entrenched in the care of patients with cancer and, in this case, patients with breast and ovarian cancers, following these families throughout their care will provide supplementary answers regarding the presence and magnitude of genetic anticipation. Families will be able to have testing, and known mutation carriers can be compared between generations. Also, breast screening timing and techniques can be tracked and factored into these analyses regarding anticipation. Additional features that should be followed include tumor stage at diagnosis, tumor characteristics, and response to systemic therapies. These characteristics should be followed not only to take into account age at diagnosis but also to evaluate for other phenotypic changes that may affect management in the future. Screening guidelines for unaffected BRCA deleterious mutation carriers will need to follow these trends to adjust future recommendations if needed.
No specific funding was disclosed.
The authors made no disclosures.
- 1Linkage of early onset familial breast cancer to chromosome 17q21. Science. 1990; 250: 1684-1690., , , et al.
- 2Genetic linkage analysis in familial breast and ovarian cancer: results from 214 families. The Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium. Am J Hum Genet. 1993; 52: 678-701., , , et al.
- 3Localization of a breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA2, to 13q12-13. Science. 1994; 265: 2088-2090., , , et al.
- 4Genetics and the young woman with breast cancer. Breast Dis. 2006; 23: 17-29., , , .
- 5Meta-analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 penetrance. J Clin Oncol. 2007; 25: 1329-1333., .
- 6Genetic/familial high-risk assessment: breast and ovarian. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw. 2010; 8: 562-594., , , et al.
- 7Further segregation analysis of the fragile X syndrome with special reference to transmitting males. Hum Genet. 1985; 69: 289-299., , , et al.
- 8Anticipation and instability of IT-15 (CAG)n repeats in parent-offspring pairs with Huntington disease. Am J Hum Genet. 1995; 57: 593-602., , , et al.
- 9Evidence for genetic anticipation in non-Mendelian diseases. Am J Hum Genet. 1996; 59: 264-268., , .
- 10Role for genetic anticipation in Lynch syndrome. J Clin Oncol. 2009; 27: 360-364., , , et al.
- 11Anticipation in hereditary breast cancer. Clin Genet. 2002; 62: 147-150., .
- 12The interval between cancer diagnosis among mothers and offspring in a population-based cohort. Fam Cancer. 2007; 6: 121-129., , , et al.
- 13BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutational spectrum and evidence for genetic anticipation in Portuguese breast/ovarian cancer families. Fam Cancer. 2006; 5: 379-387., , , et al.
- 14American Cancer Society guidelines for breast screening with MRI as an adjunct to mammography. CA Cancer J Clin. 2007; 57: 75-89., , , et al.
- 15A parametric model for analyzing anticipation in genetically predisposed families [serial online]. Stat Appl Genet Mol Biol. 2009; 8:Article 26., , , et al.


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text: Why US Profits Have Soared amid Slow Economic Gains Joseph G. Carson November 10, 2011 Americas, Economics There seems to be a disconnect between US corporate earnings and the state of the economy these days. Aggregate profits are growing at a blistering pace, although the economic growth remains relatively modest. You can see this in preliminary data on third-quarter gross domestic product (GDP), which shows that US operating profits rose to $2.04 trillion, according to our analysis. That's an annualized gain of 22% over the second quarter of 2011 and 11.3% ahead of the third quarter of 2010. Profits are even more impressive when we look back to the start of the economic recovery in mid-2009. Since then, US operating profits have posted a cumulative gain of 61.6%—10 points higher than the postwar average (Display ). This wasn't just the result of high earnings abroad: earnings from domestic operations alone have jumped 70%, 13 points higher than the average in previous recoveries. Yet, over the same period, the cumulative growth of nominal GDP has been 9.7%—less than half the average of the six recoveries in the past 50 years. How are companies managing to boost profitability so much amid such weak economic conditions? I think there are two key explanations: improved productivity and low interest rates. After a recession, companies often improve profitability by raising prices higher than unit labor costs. Labor cost growth tends to be restrained in the initial stages of recovery because companies aren't yet hiring many new workers. In the current recovery, price increases have been running at a relatively modest 1.8% per year, but the job market remains so soft that the cumulative rate of price increases has exceeded the change in unit labor costs by five percentage points—the widest gap in 50 years. Low interest rates have helped by reducing capital costs. Net interest payments of nonfinancial companies fell to an estimated $100 billion (annualized) in the third quarter of 2011, from about $155 billion at the start of the recovery. Nonfinancial companies now have the highest profit margins since the 1960s. According to the GDP data, inflation-adjusted profit margins reached about 15% in the third quarter—a record increase of nearly six points since the recovery began. It will be tough to match these gains next year. If the job market picks up, the gap between prices and labor costs will almost certainly narrow. And even though interest rates are likely to stay low, US companies won't benefit much more, because capital costs have already fallen sharply. But we still forecast that US operating profits should rise by 8% to 10% in 2012—a much healthier clip than the prevailing economic gloom might lead you to believe. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Joseph G. CarsonDirector—Global Economic ResearchJoseph G. Carson joined the firm in 2001. He oversees the Economic Analysis team for Fixed Income and has primary responsibility for the economic and interest-rate analysis of the US. Previously, Carson was chief economist of the Americas for UBS Warburg, where he was primarily responsible for forecasting the US economy and interest rates. From 1996 to 1999, he was chief US economist at Deutsche Bank. While there, Carson was named to the Institutional Investor's All-Star Team for Fixed Income. He began his professional career in 1977 as a staff economist for the chief economist's office in the US Department of Commerce, where he was designated the department's representative at the Council on Wage and Price Stability during President Carter's voluntary wage and price guidelines program. In 1979, Carson joined General Motors as an analyst. He held a variety of roles at GM, including chief forecaster for North America and chief analyst in charge of production recommendations for the Truck Group. From 1981 to 1986, Carson served as vice president and senior economist for the Capital Markets Economics Group at Merrill Lynch. In 1986, he joined Chemical Bank; he later became its chief economist. From 1992 to 1996, Carson served as chief economist at Dean Witter, where he sat on the investment-policy and stock-selection committees. He received his BA and MA from Youngstown State University and did his PhD coursework at George Washington University. Location: New York Related Posts "Authoritative Person" Escalates Uncertainty in China VIDEO: The Decline of Central Bank Omnipotence How Might Brexit Affect the EU?


text:
NEPAL: Kanchanpur district police refuse to take action on the alleged murder of a woman
June 22, 2008
Urgent Appeal Case: AHRC-UAC-138-2008
23 June 2008
NEPAL: Kanchanpur district police refuse to take action on the alleged murder of a woman
ISSUES: Murder; ineffective investigation; police negligence
Dear friends,
The Asian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) is deeply concerned with the deliberate negligence of the Kanchanpur district police in the murder of a woman, who was allegedly murdered by her husband on 6 June 2008. According to information received from the National Alliance of Womens Human Rights Defenders (NAWHRDs), the police delayed in registering the First Information Report (FIR) and refused to register it under the victim's father's name. To date, the husband is still free and no serious investigation has been conducted by the police.
Ms. Laxmi Bohara, aged 28, died in the Mahakali Zone Hospital on 6 June 2008, after her husband Mr. Tek Raj Bohara allegedly beat and then poisoned her. Laxmi Bohara is a member of the Womens Human Rights Defenders Network (WHRDN) in Kanchanpur district, Nepal and resides in Champapur, Ward No. 8, Daji Village Development Committee (VDC) in Kanchanpur district, Nepal.
According to information received, Ms. Laxmi Bohara, on the morning of 6 June 2008, was rushed to hospital by her husband Mr. Tek Raj Bohara, after she was allegedly beaten and then forced to take poison (Selfos) by her husband. She died around 10:30am on the same day, while being treated in the hospital. Upon hearing of his wife's death, Mr. Tek Raj Bohara immediately fled from the hospital. It was reported that there were bruises all over her body. According to the WHRDN, the 6-year-old daughter of Ms. Laxmi Bohara said that her father severely beat her mother the whole night.
After learning of the death of Ms. Laxmi Bohara, her father went to the Kanchanpur District Police Office (DPO) and tried to lodge a First Information Report (FIR) against his son-in-law regarding his daughter's death on the same day. However, the police told the father that they would delay in registering the FIR for 13 days saying that the husband should perform the "ritual". According to Hindu culture, the body of a deceased person has to be cremated by a male member of the family who should perform the "ritual" for 13 days. The police told the father that the husband could not perform the ritual if the FIR was registered as it was against Hindu religious practice. The victim's body was cremated after the 13 days ritual.
However, the NAWHRDs later found that the police had unaccustomedly registered the FIR not under the name of the victim's father but under the name of one of the family members of Mr. Tek Raj Bohra (the husband). In these circumstances, there is a huge risk that an investigation would not be initiated into the case if the family of the husband withdraws the FIR. Even if the FIR is not withdrawn, it is also highly questionable whether the police will conduct a proper investigation, because the complainant in this case belongs to the alleged perpetrator's family.
The NAWHRDs also informed us that they found that the post mortem was conducted on the victim's body in the Mahakali Zone Hospital by Dr. Khagendra Bhatta, a cousin of Mr. Tek Raj Bohara (the husband). He then submitted a post-mortem report which mentioned that Ms. Laxmi Bohara died of poisoning and 'minor' bruises found on her body.
Some women human rights defenders then went to meet Mr. Kisan Chand, District Superintendent of Police (DSP) at the DPO to demand an immediate and proper investigation into the case. However, at the meeting the DSP was very aggressive toward them. The DSP also told them that he was not afraid of anyone and there would be no difference in the case even if the women held a protest on the streets. On June 7, he even ordered his junior officers to drag the women human rights defenders from his office if they came there to meet him again regarding the case. After finding serious problems in the FIR, the women human rights defenders went to meet the Chief District Officer and demanded that he instruct the DSP to register a proper FIR. However, the Chief District Officer also showed no interest in this case saying that registering the FIR does not fall under his mandate and was not his responsibility.
Meanwhile, Ms. Laxmi Bohara's father went to the Kanchanpur DPO to register the FIR on June 10 and 11. The police told him that they cannot register the FIR regarding his daughter's alleged murder case, without strong legal evidence. In any event, the police act violates the State Cases Act which clearly mentions that the police should register any complaint lodged by a citizen of Nepal and initiate an investigation. Finding evidence proving a crime falls under the police's mandate and the burden of proof should not fall on the complainant. Besides, the conducting of the postmortem in this case is not the ethical obligation of the Nepal Medical Council Act.
The police have not taken any serious action in investigating this case to date and the husband is still free.
Ms. Laxmi Bohara was married to Mr. Tek Raj Bohara for 12 years and was the mother of their 3 children, a 12-year-old son, a 6-year-old daughter, and a 4-year-old son. Her mother-in-law Ms. Dhana Devi Bohara lived together with the family in the same house.
The NAWHRDs reported this case to the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), the United Nations Mission In Nepal (UNMIN) and the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC). They also held protests in the district demanding accountability on the part of the police regarding proper investigation of the case and justice for Ms. Laxmi Bohara. (Photo 1 and Photo 2)
Ms. Laxmi Bohara was an active health rights volunteer and the Secretary of the Women's Empowerment Centre. Her husband and her mother-in-law did not like her involvement in this social work and constantly harassed her. They accused her of talking with men outside, which is against Hindu culture and they suspected that she might be engaged in sexual enticement of men while doing her social work. It is reported that her husband regularly assaulted her. He even threatened to throw her out of the house.
According to Sharda Chand, the Secretary of The Womens Human Rights Defenders Network, 10 days before her death, the husband threw Ms. Laxmi Bohara out of the house and she had to take shelter in the home of her friends. She went back home after the husband agreed that he would not beat her again.
Kanchanpur district is known to have the highest number of cases of violence against women in Nepal, particularly domestic violence involving their dowries. For example, in this area, there still exists the practice of Chaupadi, a long-standing practice which prohibits women from staying in the house when they have their period. The womens rights defenders are reportedly facing serious threats (including death threats), attacks and even intimidation from the government officials and their own family members.
Please write to the concerned authorities listed below and urge them to ensure the immediate and proper investigation of this case, the arrest of the alleged perpetrator and strong action against police officers who deliberately neglected their duty.
Please be informed that the AHRC has also written a separate letter to the UN Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women calling for an intervention in this matter.
To support this appeal, please click here:
Dear _________,
NEPAL: Kanchanpur district police refuse to take action on the alleged murder of a woman
Name of victim: Ms. Laxmi Bohara, aged 28, married with 3 children, a member of the Womens Human Rights Defender Network (WHRDN) in Kanchanpur district, Nepal
Address of victim: Champapur, Ward No. 8, Daji Village Development Committee (VDC) in Kanchanpur district, Nepal
Alleged perpetrators:
1. Mr. Tek Raj Bohara, the husband of the victim, resident of Champapur, Ward No. 8, Daji Village Development Committee in Kanchanpur district, Nepal (for the alleged murder)
2. The Chief District Officer, Kanchanpur District Police Office (DPO), Nepal (for neglect of duty)
Date of incident: 6 June 2008
Place of incident: The victim's house in Daji VDC
I am writing to express my deep concern regarding the refusal by the police to take action into the case of woman who was allegedly poisoned and beaten to death by her husband on 6 June 2008.
According to the information I have received, Ms. Laxmi Bohara died at around 10:30am in Mahakali Zone Hospital on June 6 after allegedly being poisoned by her husband. After learning of her death, her father went to the Kanchanpur District Police Office (DPO) in order to lodge a First Information Report (FIR) but the police refused to register the FIR saying that it is Hindu religious practice that a male member of her family should perform the 'ritual' for 13 days. The FIR was registered after the ritual but it was registered not under the name of her father but under that of a family member of Mr. Tek Raj Bohra, the husband of the deceased.
From information received,I have learned that a post-mortem conducted by Dr. Khagendra Bhatta, a cousin of the husband, revealed that Laxmi Bohara died of poisoning and 'minor' bruises that were found on her body which went against witnesses who said that bruises were found all over her body. When some human rights defenders went to meet the Chief District Officer demanding him to instruct the District Superintendent of Police to register a proper FIR, the officer told them that registering did not fall under his mandate.
I have learned that the father of Laxmi Bohara went to the Kanchanpur DPO to register an FIR on June 10 and 11 but the police told him that they cannot register the FIR without any strong evidence and refused to accept it. I have been aware also that Laxmi Bohara had been a victim of domestic violence by her husband and his family members due to her activities in the field of human rights.
The State Cases Act clearly says that the police should register any complaint lodged by a citizen of Nepal and initiate an investigation. Finding evidence proving a crime falls under the mandate of the police and the burden of proof rests with the police not the complainant. In addition, the conducting of the postmortem in this case is not the ethical obligation of the Nepal Medical Council Act.
The FIR by the father must be properly registered so that a thorough investigation can be initiated in order to take steps to prosecute and punish the alleged perpetrator according to the law. Accordingly, I urge you to investigate whether or not the DPO of Kanchanpur District, especially District Superintendent of Police Mr. Kisan Chand carried out his responsibility in accordance with the State Cases Act.
I take this opportunity to draw your attention in general to the fact that there have been high numbers of cases in Nepal of violence against women, particularly domestic violence involving the dowry. And women working outside often face serious threats and are prohibited in engaging in activities. In this regard, I finally call upon you to take the necessary steps and affirmative action to eliminate all forms of discrimination against women compatible with international standards to which the government of Nepal is a party.
I trust you will make immediate intervention in this matter.
Yours sincerely,
1. Mr. Yagya Murti Banjade
Attorney General
Office of Attorney General
Fax: +977 1 4262582
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
2. Mr. Om Bikram Rana
Inspector General of Police
Police Head Quarters, Naxal
Tel: +977 1 4412432 (Secretary to IGP)
Fax: +977 1 4415593
E-mail: email@example.com or firstname.lastname@example.com
3. Mr. Krishna Prasad Sitaula
Home Minister
Ministry of Home Affairs
Singha Darbar, Kathmandu
Fax: +977 1 4211232
Email: email@example.com
4. Mr. Kedar Nath Upadhaya
National Human Rights Commission
Pulchowck, Lalitpur
Fax: +977 1 55 47973
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com or email@example.com
5. Ms. Pampa Bhusal
Minister for Women, Children and Social Welfare
Singha Durbar
Fax: +977 1 4241516
E-mail: email@example.com
6. Ms. Nainkala Thapa
National Women's Commission
Bhadrakali Plaza
Fax: +977 1 4256783
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
7. Commissioner
Far-Western Regional Office
National Human Rights Commission of Nepal
Uttar Behadi, Ratopul, Dhangadi,
Tel: +977 91 525621 or 525622
Fax: +977 91 525623
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
8. Mr. Richard Bennet
The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in Nepal (OHCHR)
Museum Road, Chhauni,
G.P.O. Box 24555,
Fax: +977 1 4670712 or 4670713
Thank you.
Urgent Appeals Programme
Asian Human Rights Commission (email@example.com)


text:
On 06/01/2012 03:05 PM, Eric Blake wrote:
On 05/25/2012 05:56 AM, Stefan Berger wrote:An example of a displayed XML may then be: <interface type='bridge'> <mac address='52:54:00:68:e3:90'/> <source bridge='virbr0'/> <target dev='vnet1'/> <model type='virtio'/> <filterref filter='clean-traffic'> <parameter name='CTRL_IP_LEARNING' value='dhcp'/> <parameter name='IP_LEASE' value='192.168.122.210,100'/>It's a shame that we are making the user parse the single XML entity to get two pieces of information. I wonder if it would be better to have: <parameter name='IP_LEASE_ADDR' value='192.168.122.210'/> <parameter name='IP_LEASE_TIMEOUT' value='100'/> and reserve two variable names rather than one. I'll review the code as is, but I would get a second opinion from one of the Dan's on whether we should change the XML to make xpath queries easier (basically, XML that crams 2 pieces of information into one attributes is always harder to use).
Ok, I'll wait for their comment(s). Stefan


text:
For the second year in a row, Vols head coach Butch Jones will serve as Grand Marshal at the Food City 500 at the Bristol Motor Speedway. JONES AT 2013 RACE | JONES GIVES COMMAND
Click here for the original story.
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Colin Klass denies any wrongdoing after Fifa suspends him amid bribery row
The latest person to be suspended by Fifa in the wake of the bribery scandal has insisted he has done nothing wrong.
Changing room chat: Sepp Blatter's birthday wishes for Barack Obama
FIFA president Sepp Blatter wrote to Barack Obama offering "warmest personal regards" on the US president's 50th birthday, which was yesterday.
More top stories
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Mohamed Bin Hammam, the former head of the Asian Football Federation, has claimed the cash given to members of the Caribbean Football Union during his campaign for the Fifa presidency was simply payment to cover their expenses as he launched a stinging attack on the governing body for his life ban.
Fifa declares former leadership candidate Mohamed bin Hammam guilty of bribery
FIFA executive committee member Mohamed bin Hammam has been banned from football for life after being found guilty of bribery by Fifa's ethics committee.
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Mohamed bin Hammam will fight to clear his name of bribery allegations at a Fifa ethics committee hearing today.
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SCOTLAND have risen five places to 61st in the latest Fifa World Rankings, thanks to their recent win over Wales at the Carling Nations Cup in Dublin.
Betting probe clears tournament
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CONTROVERSIAL former football leader Jack Warner has effectively been banned from the game for life, a member of Fifa's ethics committee has said.
Secret report claims Fifa bribes evidence 'overwhelming'
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Pressure intensifying for FIFA to investigate Jack Warner
FIFA today faced calls to re-open the investigation into former vice-president Jack Warner after a secret ethics committee report labelled him "an accessory to corruption".
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Jack Warner quits Fifa but says 'gifts' part of the culture
Jack Warner, the figure at the centre of football's bribery scandal, announced his resignation from Fifa last night with a parting shot claiming the giving of "gifts" has always been part of the culture of the organisation.
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text:
Harry Small, head of the Firm's Global Technology Practice Group, handles all aspects of information technology and communications law. He acts for a broad base of information technology and communications products and service providers — assisting them in their contract negotiations and managing their disputes. He also practises in contentious intellectual property law. Harry is a fellow of the Society for Computers and Law, an honour awarded to a small group of leading IT lawyers who have made notable contributions to the field. He is the author of the standard outsourcing contract precedent in the Sweet and Maxwell Outsourcing Manual, and regularly writes and lectures on topics related to the Internet and computer networking law.
Harry practises extensively in high technology disputes, both as to intellectual property — software copyright and electronic patents — and in major disputes over IT systems, breach of warranty claims and the effect of exclusion and limitation clauses in computer contracts. His most recent case was in the English Technology Court where he acted for ICL (now Fujitsu Services Ltd) in its multi-million pound system dispute with the Co-Operative Society. Harry has practised extensively in non-contentious IT law, having drafted or negotiated most types of hardware, software, telecommunications and services contracts in the course of his professional life. He has a special interest in outsourcing for major customers and suppliers both in the UK and overseas and has led major projects for both suppliers and customers. Harry has also been closely involved in the negotiation of major outsourcing and offshoring deals.
Hong Kong (1987)England & Wales~United Kingdom (1981)
Oxford University (Oriel College)
(Master of Arts)
College of Law at Guildford
Oxford University (Oriel College)


text: Wondering which adornment will perfectly accent a strapless LBD or an animal printed ensemble? Why, these smooth, shiny high polished metal, slender, bangle bracelets of course! Its classic design lays gently upon your wrist adding a hint of femininity to any ensemble. Pair with glossy pumps and rhinestone studded earrings to bring out the shiny metallic finish of this adorable set! Style: accessories-bracelets-sjt-brc-2213silver


text:
Powerful tale.
I like the form of your poetry.
by Bill Yarrow
He was a Decembrist but he was not
one of the hanged. They dragged his
frozen bones to Magadan where he
toiled in the ruined mines. More than
fresh air, he longed for glimpses of the
speckled light that sparkled off the sea.
He was used to the moldy smell of gold
ore and the whiskey whispers of his
comrades in hell. But he never adjusted
to the crisp loss of Ludmilla to scarlet fever.
And the white nightmares never left him.
One day, he got a letter from his brother.
Their mother had died in a suspicious fire.
He lit a cigarette and filled his shrunken lungs.
374 views
8 comments
100 words
All rights reserved.
This poem appears in WRENCH (erbacce-press, 2009)
The poem appears in Pointed Sentences (BlazeVOX, 2012).
Powerful tale.
I like the form of your poetry.
The music in the lines works so well, Bill.
"He was used to the moldy smell of gold
ore and the whiskey whispers of his
comrades in hell. But he never adjusted"
Great form. Strong closing line as well.
Thanks, Matthew and Sam. I appreciate your kind comments.
Oh, and I LIKE this, from beginning to end. Crisp language, and all the references, from the Road of Bones to Ludmilla (is that a wink to Ludmilla A. Trigos, just wondering). Those white nightmares come through loud and clear here. Nice!
Thanks, Michelle! Apreciate your comments. Don't know Ludmilla A. Trigos. It's a generic Ludmilla here.
Wow, what a coincidence. My vague recollections from studying Russian history made this poem speak to me, but I googled Ludmilla to see the reference, and came up with Trigos! Don't know her myself, either, but I was sure this was intentional on your part (check this out: http://us.macmillan.com/thedecembristmythinrussianculture). In any case, the name fits!
That so funny! Thanks for the reference.
* from me


text:
Will Ludwick be shown the door?
Ryan Ludwick has proved his point. He is not as lousy as he looked last season. He is not the same hired gun who struggled to hit a moving target. He is not reprising his role as the pennant insurance who failed to perform.
Have a question for Tim?Tim Sullivan Mailbag
He is pretty much what the Padres thought he would be, albeit a season behind schedule: a professional hitter, a reliable source of run-production, an outfielder who deserves to be in demand.
"I played terrible last year," Ludwick said Wednesday afternoon. "I wouldn't say I've been playing great this year, but I've been doing what I've been known to do and what they brought me over here to do — to drive in runs…
"Last year, every time I came to the ballpark I was stressed out, wondering if I was going to be able to make contact."
If his 2010 swing was compromised by a calf injury, by the cruel and unusual punishment meted out by Petco Park and/or by the pressure to provide a secondary power source behind Adrian Gonzalez, Ryan Ludwick was consistently accountable and eager to atone.
Follow the Padres on Facebook
Have a Facebook account? Follow the U-T's Padres page for links to video, stories and other content, and to interact with other fans. Go to: facebook.com/sdutpadres
He wanted to show San Diego that he was better than a .211 bust, better than a ballplayer who generated more strikeouts than hits, and he has done that; so well, in fact, that he will likely be leaving before the July 31 nonwaiver trading deadline. Eligible for free agency at season's end, Ludwick has revitalized his value as the primary threat in the middle of the Padres' lineup and the National League leader in outfield assists.
Ludwick's third-inning double produced the tying run in Wednesday's 4-1 victory over the Kansas City Royals, raised his midseason RBI total to 51, and underscored why contending clubs view the Padres as a place to shop for outfield help.
"This is the first time where my name has been thrown out there so much," Ludwick said after the Padres completed a three-game sweep of the Royals. "It's part of the game. I'm not too worried about it. I'm just trying to help the ballclub win."
Because Ludwick has helped the Padres win seven of their last eight games and hurdle the hated Dodgers in the National League West standings, management's willingness to swap its short-term contracts for controllable prospects is tempered by its flickering hope in a meaningful stretch run.
"Ryan is a free agent and given the number of suitors he will have, we must prepare for his departure," General Manager Jed Hoyer said via email Wednesday evening. "IF we are out of the race, we have to consider trading him. If we continue to play well, we will certainly hold on to him.
"Ryan is having a very good year, especially given his April. I want to be a buyer. In order to do that, we need to continue this hot streak. We haven't left ourselves much room for error with our inconsistent play for 2 1/2 months…"
Margins are so tight that you can almost hear them squeak. Padres reliever Heath Bell, another attractive bit of trade bait, said Wednesday that even a 10-4 run between now and the end of a four-game homestand against the division-leading San Francisco Giants might not be good enough to prevent a strategic purge. (This was before the Giants lost to the Cubs, which reduced the Padres' deficit to 9 ½ games.)
"If we can go 13 out of 14, it's a possibility," Bell said. "But we're going to have to keep winning like we are right now."


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Good luck,
The long answer is:
Our state (California) law is no longer "buyer beware"; now it is "seller beware." In 1975, the state Legislature recognized the special duty of disclosure on the sale of houses and other property and enacted a statute that requires the seller of property to deliver a document, called a transfer disclosure statement(TDS), that contains information regarding the condition of the property.
The disclosure statement must contain specific information regarding things such as appliances and improvements on the property, their condition, and any defects or malfunctions of the improvements. It includes features shared in common with other owners (such as a driveway, a wall or a fence, encroachments or anything built or located over the property lines) and easements, additions, alterations, or modifications made without permits or not in conformance with building codes.
Also, the disclosure must contain information about any fill soil on the property, flooding problems, major damage to the property, zoning violations, noise problems or nuisances, deed restrictions, whether the property is covered by a homeowners association and any lawsuits affecting the property.
In addition to the statutory duties contained on the disclosure statement, any fact known to the seller that affects the desirability of the property also must be disclosed.
Lastly, if you were the buyer of said property would you want the seller to disclose the past roof issue?
It's pretty simple.
The plain and simple maxim for these types of situations:
"When in doubt, disclose." ... This is "cheap insurance".
Non-disclosure of material fact is the #1 reason Sellers are sued by Buyers.
You can add to your dislcosure that the problem has been resolved, fixed or replaced but make sure that you have the document to support it.
Let's put it that way: once the former buyers discovered the problems, you became aware of it and it is a known fact to you. You can't say that you didn't know about the roof anymore, that is why you fixed it. You should present the report together with the proof of repair.
On a different note, presenting the previous buyers reports will save time, energy and negotiation efforts because the next potential buyers will know what to expect and they will take any repairs into consideration while making an offer.
Good luck!
Alina Aeby-Broker Associate
Pacific Union International
1. Did you hire the inspector that made the determination of the alleged roof defects?
2. Is the inspector licensed to issue legitimate assessments of roofs (many states have no requirement whatsoever for "home inspectors").
Just because some third party makes a determination about an alleged defect on your property does not mean it's true, and not laced with opinions intended to benefit the inspector's client (not you). You have no obligation to disclose an alleged defect--just a real one--one that you've experienced personally, or that you have personal awareness.
As a caveat you would want to insert into your Disclosures something to the effect: "Seller is not personally aware of any defect involving the roof, but recommends a professional inspection of same".
Show the invoices as a proof of work done - and it should be done by a licensed roofer.
Hope this helps,
Irina Karan
Beachfront Realty, Inc.
Always answer the should I disclose question with the above. Always.
Even if you had a leak ten years ago and had it fixed disclose both facts. Always disclose everything you know that might be able to be construed as a material fact affecting the value being placed on the property by a buyer.
The reason why is that the California Legislature has said the duty to disclose residential property conditions and information is broad as disclosure materials and statements are valuable to California residential real estate buyers. The notion underlying this is that unlike 'sophisticated' commercial property transactions — whereby the parties are assumed to have experience and knowledge of what they're getting into and/or the bargaining power to impact the bargain struck substantially — residential buyers don't. THe two relevant places to look at within the California Civil Code at sections 1102.1 and 2079.
In relevant part, agents are "to disclose to [a] prospective purchaser all facts materially affecting the value or desirability of the property that an investigation would reveal...." And "any fact materially affecting the value and desirability of the property," is taken to include the physical conditions of the property and
previously received reports of physical inspections." There you have it folks!
previously received reports of physical inspections."
You had the "roof fixed", so you have nothing to worry about - save the receipt, and any warranty the roofer offered on the repair.
Do you have any concerns the roof needed more than just that quick "fix"?
If so, you might want to get something in writing from your roofer that says the roof is free from leaks and not in need of replacement.
Seems unusual the buyers would walk away from something as simple as a roof repair, especially since you were willing to deal with it....unless their inspector suggested it needed to be replaced.
In SF, we have a supplement to that disclosure that asks for any previous reports. That would be place I would disclose that. You aren't in SF, so that doesn't help you, but it is a good tickler for our clients to do that.
In short, more is better. You will never lose sleep telling someone everything, but you will if you ever wonder if you get caught not saying something and then the new buyer makes a big deal out of it.
All the best


text:
Break out the Kleenex: It's almost time to say good-bye to one of your favourite Rafters.
Packed to the Rafters will return next week with the departure of Rachel (played by Jessica Marais).
"I'll never forget the first time I stepped on set when we filmed the pilot," Marais told TV WEEK.
"I was still at drama school and the disbelief I felt standing on a set with Bec, Erik (Thomson) and Michael (Caton)… I was so nervous and absolutely in awe of them! I remember looking at Hugh (Sheridan) and thinking, 'How did we get here? How did this happen?'"
Check out the extended preview of the series return above.


text:
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