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Travis L. Shaw, MD
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Reviews (16)
5 out of 5 stars Botox
Great Botox Experience - Richmond, VA
Show More I went in to see Dr. S for Botox in my forehead. At first I was nervous, but after he explained the procedure to me and told me what the expected oucome would be I felt much more confident. I have undergone Botox twice now, both times with Dr. S and I love it! The experience was great and he is a wonderful physician. I would recommend him to anyone!
5 out of 5 stars Botox
My Botox Injections Never Hurt. I Did Feel the Needle and the Entire Experience Was Very Relaxing - Richmond, VA
Show More Dr. S is a gentle and caring doctor with a wonderful ability to explain things in a calm and compassionate way.
5 out of 5 stars Juvederm
Richmond's Best - Richmond, VA
Show More I went to Dr. Shaw for Juvederm. All I can say is wow! So many things went right (that has not been the case before).1. I got an appointment when I needed/wanted 2. He spent enough time to understand my desired outcome. 3 His technique was incredible! No bruising, very little swelling - beautiful results. 4. His office staff were extremely personal able. I trust him- I've been searching for the right person and I have found that w/Dr. Shaw.
5 out of 5 stars Facial Reconstructive Surgery
Cancer - Richmond, VA
Show More I would highly recommend Dr. Shaw to every-one that I know. Not only is he proficient in his ability and knowledge but his interaction with his patients is exceptional. Dr. Shaw has the ability to make you feel that everything will be ok and he has such a calming and gentle manner that you feel as if you are the only patient that he has. Other doctors could learn from Dr Shaw that the bedside manner is as equally important to the patient as the knowledge. Thank You, Linda Lisk
5 out of 5 stars Botox
Definitly Recommend to Others - Richmond, VA
Show More He made me feel very comfortable with the procedure I had from beginning to end. He explained everything and told me what to expect. Wonderful office setting and his staff is excellent!
5 out of 5 stars Botox for Migraines
43 Year Old Woman. Mom, 3 Children - Richmond, VA
Show More see above
4 out of 5 stars Juvederm
Good Doctor - Richmond, VA
Show More My Rating is 4 Star. This is my first doctor and So far I feel he was very good, however there is still scope of improvement and I can get a more attractive fullness to my face, that will compliment my facial features (without roundness). I would like to get that look in next time.
5 out of 5 stars Hyaluronidase
26, Juvederm Lips Reversal from Another Surgeon. Richmond, VA
5 out of 5 stars Pulsed Dye Laser
47 Yo Rudolf Nose Since Teenager. Richmond, VA
Show More This makes my 5th different procedure with Dr Shaw in the past 2 months. He has great bedside manner. A serious plus for anyone that has ever worked in medicine. He listens too. Staff is the best I have met in any medical office.
5 out of 5 stars Kybella
Finally Getting This Short Azz Chin Taken Away...had Since I Was an Underweight Teen - Richmond, VA
Show More Amazing bedside manner. The staff really bonds with the patients and you don't feel like a number. He uses an incredible skin numbing cream (take it from me...I have done 12 rounds of full face acupuncture). Listens to what you want and doesn't try to push his opinions on you (like another doc I have seen in the area). Also, he is a plastic surgeon and he is an ENT. I personally would never have any face stuff done without the doc either being an ENT or an Ophthalmologist. I don't want a doc that knows the lower half of the body better poking around my face. ;-)
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text: Posted 5 Nov 2009 We have had a good team the last couple of years. Problem is we had the #1 offense but a crappy defensive coordinator. Defense wins championships, PERIOD! Now that Gregg is here, the attitude is much different. We went to the NFCCG in 2006 and things would have been much different the last couple of years had Gibbs been fired sooner. We are 7-0 and on a roll. Like us or not you cannot deny the positive changes. This is not our daddy's Saints. I agree. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites

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Crafting Lifestyle Blog by Ashley Cannon Newell
Category Archives: thinking of you
Papertrey Ink May Release in Review
Welcome to Papertrey Ink's May Release. Today, I am sharing a few more cards using new products being released in
Papertrey Favorites
I'm so thrilled to be continuing my creative journey with Papertrey Ink in 2016. I've been on the design
SAF 2015: Unconventional Materials Challenge
Are you all hanging in there? Stamp-a-faire 2015 is so much fun and inspirational. The unconventional challenge is all
Make It Monday: Masked Sentiments
Today, I have a video tutorial for Papertrey Ink's Make It Monday. I am sharing how to use a masking technique
Introducing Choose Joy + Twig Wreath
Today, the Papertrey Ink Design Team is showcasing two new stamp sets: Choose Joy and Twig Wreath. Wreaths are great
Weather Trends
I hope you all are enjoying your summer. Today, the design team is featuring a few stamp sets to create a rainy card
Designer Phone Case Inspirations
Hey there! I hope you all enjoyed your weekend. Today, I am featuring some cool new dies that will knock your socks
Studio Calico June Card Kit Projects
Hey there! Just stopping by here to share with you cards I made using Studio Calico's June Kits! I hope you all
Handmade Pinwheels – Papertrey Ink Make It Monday
Hey there! Today, I have a little tutorial to share with you on making handmade pinwheels for Papertrey Ink's
Spring Fling
Hello there! Today, is a group post day for Papertrey Ink's February release. Nichole has created a fun contest
Watch Me Wednesday | Quick & Easy Rosette Flowers
Hey Everyone! Yesterday, I posted a quick and easy video tutorial for Embellish on how to make a few rosette rolled
Simply Jane
Hello there! It's finally the weekend, so sit back and relax, even if it's just for a few minutes. Thank
Thinking of You
What's going on? I've been thinking of you! Thanks for leaving such nice comments about the masculine card
Fast Friday Card :: Thinking of You
This images of this card have been removed by the request of a publisher. If you wish to see this card, you may find
Lawn Fawn :: Sneak-a-Peek :: Bannerific + Sophie's Sentiments
Hi Everyone! I hope you had a great weekend. I had a relaxing one because CHA in Chicago really kicked my butt! So,


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Got a minute?
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Nursing careers are appealing for many reasons. One positive aspect of nursing careers is the opportunity to serve others through medical treatment and rehabilitation. Nursing careers also boast a glowing job outlook that has consistently risen along with increasing demand for registered nurses. Plus, nursing careers offer a wide range of employment options within various sectors of the health care field. When you become a registered nurse, you open the door to a variety of nursing career paths, including forensic nursing careers, traveling nurse careers, and nurse coordinator careers.
For the following Salary Story, we take a brief look at the career path of Michele, a registered nurse with 20 years of experience in the health care field. Interested in medicine and health care from a young age, Michele originally built up her knowledge and expertise as a registered nurse before moving to her current position as a nursing coordinator. She now teaches classes and provides management to nursing staff. Learn what an upper-level nursing career is like, and use PayScale's research center to explore registered nurse salaries and get information on becoming a nurse.
Job Description - Nurse Coordinator
I research and prepare in-service materials, and teach in-services and CNA classes to nursing staff. I audit performance skills for nursing staff, and teach orientation classes, and also serve on CQI, safety, infection control and department manager committees.
PayScale: What made you interested in a nursing career?
PayScale: What do you love about being a nurse coordinator?
I love being told by young registered nurses that I inspire them to continue their nursing careers.
PayScale: What advice would you give to someone trying to break into a nursing career?
When you are attending nursing school, be sure to enhance your training by reading more than you are assigned, practicing more than is necessary or required, and always keep your ears and eyes open!
Also, learn to laugh at yourself and with your patients. Humor is good when used with dignity and respect.
PayScale: What do you find the most amazing about your work?
When I teach CNAs and their minds grasp a thought, idea, or skill, and they are able to "blossom" right before my eyes.
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School of Medicine
Showing 1-20 of 164 Results
Maral Tajerian
Postdoctoral Research fellow, Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine
Bio Chronic pain affects millions of people worldwide and is a serious socioeconomic problem. Unfortunately, pain mechanisms are poorly understood, often resulting in inadequate treatment outcomes where the vast majority of individuals suffer for years with little relief. Fortunately, in the last decade, we have witnessed an increased enthusiasm in the field of pain research; a trend that is very encouraging for the millions of pain sufferers worldwide.
My PhD work has focused on a very prevalent condition: chronic low back pain. The main emphasis was on the mechanisms of back pain in a mouse model and we were fortunate enough to translate our findings to humans. Interestingly, we were also the first group to report the link between DNA methylation and pain; a field that is currently advancing very rapidly since it provides a molecular mechanism of environment-gene interactions. In addition to our back pain studies, we have also carried out research examining the brain changes that occur after peripheral nerve injury, with particular emphasis on reversible methylation changes in the prefrontal cortex. Our findings provide the molecular link between peripheral nerve injury and changes in the brain, thus helping us account for the co-morbidities associated with pain. These formative years at the Alan Edwards Center for Research on Pain (AECRP) have given me a solid training in the field of pain research.
I began my postdoctoral training at Stanford University in 2013, where I chose to study another debilitating chronic pain condition, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS). Using a previously-validated mouse model of CRPS, we could show that pain-associated comorbidities are paralleled by dendritic architectural changes in various brain regions. In parallel, I developed a novel interest in the autoimmune mechanisms of CRPS, an area that remains largely unexplored. We believe this line of investigation to be paradigm shifting; indeed, approaching CRPS as an autoimmune disease opens entirely new experimental pathways to identifying specific supporting mechanisms and provides opportunities for novel therapeutic development.
In addition to laboratory research, I am passionate about science outreach in general and pain outreach in particular. I believe it is our responsibility as scientists to disseminate our knowledge to the layperson, particularly since chronic pain is a widespread condition with significant socioeconomic impact. To that end, I am an avid participant in pain awareness efforts through public lectures and social media involvement.
Michal Tal
Postdoctoral Research fellow, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine
Current Research and Scholarly Interests Investigating how the CD47-SIRPa axis modulates multiple facets of immunity
William Talbot
Professor of Developmental Biology
Current Research and Scholarly Interests We use genetic and cellular approaches to investigate the molecular basis of glial development and myelination in the zebrafish.
Rasa Tamosiuniene, MD, PhD
Basic Life Research Associate, Medicine - Med/Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Current Role at Stanford University Staff - Basic Life Research Associate
Medicine - Med/Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Manjula Kurella Tamura
Associate Professor of Medicine (Nephrology) at the Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System
Current Research and Scholarly Interests I am a clinical and health services investigator whose primary interest is in improving the quality of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) care among older adults. My previous and current work aims to describe outcomes (especially geriatric outcomes) in older patients and to compare the effectiveness of different ESRD management strategies on these outcomes.
Brent Tan
Clinical Assistant Professor, Pathology
Current Research and Scholarly Interests My research interest is in the use of molecular methods to understand and characterize hematopoietic neoplasms. My current work focuses on the use of PCR-based assays for clonal rearrangements in the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IGH) and T-cell receptor gene (TCR) for the diagnosis of mature T-cell lymphomas.


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Explorer by onestepartWatch
©2011-2016 onestepart
crashed spacestation exploration, speed paint
Mmm-mm look at dem pretty arts! Can't believe I watched it bein' born....I feel bad for typing that, I apologize.
thanks and lol
Oh, I've been meaning to ask, Bag. What were you doing besides using transform for warping those stock images? For the life of me, I can't figure it out.
distort and warp, blending modes on layers etc
like, in the layers tab, there's a dropdown menu that says "normal" per default, thats the blending mode, just play around with them and see what they do
I just reread that message, it sounds a lot more mean/demanding than it is supposed to, please disregard it's doucheyness.


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Bacon Reality Show in the Works; Introducing Tator-Tot Specialist Tot Spot
Plus: Pink Tea Cup returning to the Village, Chop't opens Thursday in the Flatiron, and more of today's leftovers.
• Legendary soul-food joint the Pink Tea Cup will reopen in Greenwich Village after its owner secured a new space on Sixth Avenue and 14th Street. [NYT]
• That Tot Spot, Williamsburg's tater-tot-centric café, opened this past weekend. If you've ever wondered if there's any food that doesn't have its own dedicated booth/truck/shop, the answer is now officially "no." [Grub Street]
• Parent/child favorite Moomah café is coming back May 1, albeit in kiosk form. Ownership will keep the coffee, juices, and smoothies flowing Monday through Saturday, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. [Tribeca Citizen]
• A production company has begun development on a reality show about bacon. The series will center around the entrepreneurial exploits of the Bacon Boys and their bevy of bacon-based products, from salts to coffins. [Deadline]
• Oceana has premiered a money-saving weekend event. The seafood restaurant is offering unlimited wine or beer for $25 when ordering from their three-course Pre-Theater menu, every Sunday, starting at 4 p.m. Pro tip: The patio opens April 15. [Grub Street]
• Seventeen New York restaurants are coming together for Bellevue Hospital's sixteenth annual "Toast to the Children" charity event. Top Chef's Tom Colicchio will host the food tasting on April 24 at 7:30 p.m. General admission tickets are $275 and can be purchased here. [Grub Street]
• Chop't is opening up its eighth New York location on Thursday. Flatiron now has access to all the fresh produce and ingredients the salad company has to offer. [Grub Street]


text: Edu Vargas' near future will be in England, he'll play at QPR. The deal is done, the Chilean attacker will take the medical tomorrow. Barring some last-minutes problems, Edu Vargas will be a new QPR's player. He joins on loan with €10M option to buy. They beat the competition from Poyet's Sunderland, which were willing to offer a higher wages to the player and a bigger fee to Napoli, but they couldn't convince the player, who decided to move Loftus Road. He'll play with his friend Isla, the presence of the former Juventus was decisive for his choice: Vargas picked QPR over Sunderland for this reason. Before accepting the move. Vargas extended his contract with Napoli through 2017.


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Oklahoma DHS oversight board should get detailed reports of child deaths, members say
DHS commissioners who oversee the state's largest agency should be given detailed reports by an oversight board that reviews the deaths of children, three commissioners said Thursday.
Detailed, confidential reports by the Oklahoma Commission on Children and Youth are given to Department of Human Services agency officials, but the nine commissioners receive general reports, DHS Commissioner Steven Dow said.
Dow, a member of a special review committee that was formed last month to look into recent deaths of children who died while in DHS custody, said committee members met Thursday with Lisa Smith, director of the Oklahoma Commission on Children and Youth.
The confidential reports contain specific recommendations about either policies that could be improved or policies that were not adequately followed or case workers that were not being trained adequately on existing policies, Dow said.
It would be helpful for the nine DHS commissioners to get those reports and review the findings, he said.
"As we formulate in the future some recommendations for things that are likely to be things that the committee recommends changing, that's probably on the list of things we're going to be giving active consideration to," Dow said.
Committee meets
Recently appointed Commissioner Wes Lane, who serves as chairman of the committee, said DHS commissioners need to review those reports.
"Are there things from those OCCY reports that we need to tweak policy?" he asked. "Heretofore, we've not seen those. But I expect we will in the future."
Lane's committee met for the first time Thursday. The committee, also made up of commissioners Anne Roberts and Anita Wilkinson, plans to meet again Monday, Oct. 31.
Lane said citizens want to see an actively engaged commission looking at child deaths under DHS care and helping the agency develop policies to help the agency work to prevent deaths.
Lane said committee members also discussed what people they would like to see join them on the committee to look into various issues. However, DHS attorneys cautioned that federal privacy laws restrict who can see information on children in the agency's custody, he said.
The committee first is taking up child deaths that occurred in DHS care, and then will branch out to look at services the agency provides to the elderly and others.
"It's very difficult to predict murder," said Lane, a former Oklahoma County district attorney. "But to the degree that we are physically, humanly able to do that and set up a system to do so, we have a responsibility to do that."


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Christmas Season Begins Friday after Thanksgiving
Nov. 27 - Dec. 21
11:00 - 6:00 Every Day Open Sunday
(See Events Schedule)
Come Join the Fun!
Everyone has a favorite season at the farm. We hope you'll tell us about yours when you visit.
We also hope you will spend a moment in thankful reflection of the rich bounty we receive from the earth and from our families and friends.
The farm will be closed while we celebrate the holidays.
Please check our events schedule to see our opening dates and times.
Merry Christmas!


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Leading US-China Experts Discuss Tianjin and US-China Climate and Energy Issues.
The under-served rural Indian market offers opportunities for investors to support the sustainable energy solutions of the future.
Could a major industrialized country be powered entirely by renewable energy? Germany wants to be the first to try.
Wind power is a nascent industry in the United States, but has the potential to spur job creation. Several studies show that wind power creates more jobs than power generation from fossil fuels.
SBA Hydro is just one of the many companies starting to bring clean energy to India's rural poor.
This article originally appeared in The Solutions Journal.
The Senate must consider several important issues before designing an electric power-only emissions trading program.
PECPA is unlikely to achieve estimated future emissions reductions.
This summary provides a concise overview of the carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) and related provisions in the American Power Act, released as a discussion draft by Senators John
People, Power, and Pipelines
Lessons from Peru in the Governance of Gas Production Revenues
This report draws on lessons from recent experiences in Peru to suggest ways to help subnational governments manage extractive industry risks and revenues.


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President's Message
Welcome! Thank you for visiting the Junior League of Atlanta's website. For 99 years, our BRAVE, BOLD members have made BIG changes in Atlanta.
Founded in 1916 with 45 members, today, our 3,300 members donate over 75,000 volunteer hours to improve the health, education and welfare of women and children in Atlanta. From opening the doors at the Junior League School of Speech Correction in 1938 (now the Atlanta Speech School) to our 70th anniversary project, The Atlanta Children's Shelter, we have been agents of change in our community.
As we look toward our next century of service, I invite you to learn more about our work in early childhood education, commercial sexual exploitation of women and children/human trafficking, and generational poverty. These are complex issues that will take all of us working together to make an impact.
I challenge you to step forward and help the next generation of women leaders ask the hard questions. You can do that by becoming a member, supporting our fundraisers, or applying to be a partner agency. Big change happens when we're brave and bold.
Sarah Batts
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 12, 2007
|Filing date
|Aug 26, 2004
|Priority date
|Aug 26, 2004
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Murali Madhava, Timothy R. Duffy, Margaret Floyd, George Reimer
|Original Assignee
|Honeywell International, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (38), Referenced by (31), Classifications (29), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to methods and materials for forming a protective coating on metallic industrial items. More particularly the invention relates to a method for applying a coating comprising nickel, chromium, aluminum, platinum, and one or more active elements by PVD, EBPVD or other methods such as multiple-step processes involving diffusion and electroplating noble metals on a superalloy turbine blade and other high pressure turbine components.
In an attempt to increase the efficiencies and performance of contemporary jet engines, and gas turbine engines generally, engineers have progressively pushed the engine environment to more extreme operating conditions. The harsh operating conditions of high temperature and pressure that are now frequently specified place increased demands on engine components and materials. Indeed the gradual change in engine design has come about in part due to the increased strength and durability of new materials that can withstand the operating conditions present in the modern gas turbine engine.
The turbine blade is one engine component that directly experiences severe engine conditions. Turbine blades are thus designed and manufactured to perform under repeated cycles of high stress and high temperature. An economic consequence of such a design criteria is that currently used turbine blades can be quite expensive. It is thus highly desirable to maintain turbine blades in service for as long as possible. It is correspondingly desirable to manufacture and finish turbine blades so as to withstand the corrosive and erosive forces that will attack turbine blade materials.
Turbine blades used in modern gas turbine engines are frequently castings from a class of materials known as superalloys. The superalloys include alloys with high levels of cobalt and/or nickel. Therefore, nickel and cobalt based superalloys are thus preferred materials for the construction of turbine components, including blades and vanes. The high strength nickel-based superalloys are noted as precipitation hardening alloys. Nickel, alloyed with elements such as aluminum and titanium, develops high strength characteristics that are sustainable at high temperatures. The strength arises predominantly through the presence of a gamma prime (γ′) phase which is an intermetallic compound formed between nickel and Al or Ti or both in the material. One characteristic of the advanced nickel-based superalloys is the high degree of gamma prime (60% or more volume fraction) in cast materials.
In the cast form, turbine blades made from superalloys display many desirable physical properties and mechanical properties including high strength at elevated temperatures. Advantageously, the strength displayed by this class of materials remains present even under arduous conditions, such as high temperature and high pressure. Disadvantageously, the superalloys generally can be subject to corrosion and oxidation at the high temperature operating regime. Sulfidation can also occur in those turbine blades subject to hot exhaust gases.
Thus, it has become known to provide coatings or protective layers on engine components, such as turbine blades, that are subject to corrosion, erosion or sulfidation. Many components in the advanced turbine engine hot section, in addition to turbine blades, also require protective coatings for resistance to oxidation, sulfidation, and corrosion. Chromium, aluminum, and other metallic coatings can be used to provide protective layers that are more resistant to corrosion and/or oxidation than is the underlying substrate material. In the case of superalloys, materials such as platinum, aluminum, and chromium can be used to provide protective coatings.
Various coating types and various coating deposition systems have been developed. In extremely high temperature applications, a Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) may be needed to provide the required heat resistance. A TBC typically is composed of ceramic materials such as zirconia, (ZrO2), yttria (Y2O3), magnesia (MgO), or other oxides. Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) is a widely used TBC. A TBC is often used in conjunction with an underlying metallic bond coat.
Metallic coating systems for use as Environmental Barrier Coatings (EBC) and as TBC bond coatings for gas turbine engine components include diffusion-based coatings and overlay coatings. A diffusion coating may include aluminides and platinum aluminides. Pack cementation used for diffusion coating formation is a common method whereby metallic vapors of the desired coating are carried to the surface of a target and diffused thereon. These diffusion coatings are somewhat limited by the difficulty of codepositing other metals along with aluminum onto the substrate surface.
A common overlay coating used for HPT components is known as MCrAlY. In the conventional formulation of MCrAlY, M represents one of the metals nickel, cobalt, or iron, or combinations thereof. In the designation MCrAlY, Cr, Al, and Y are the chemical symbols for chromium, aluminum, and yttrium. Some conventional MCrAlY formulations are discussed in the following U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,532,191; 4,246,323; and 3,676,085. Families of MCrAlY compositions are built around the nickel, cobalt, or iron constituents. Thus the literature speaks of NiCrAlY, NiCoCrAlY, CoCrAlY, CoNiCrAlY, and so on.
The family of MCrAlY coatings offer an alternative to the diffusion-based coatings in that elements beyond aluminum and platinum are included in the coating, which brings an attendant improvement in corrosion and/or oxidation resistance. However, the MCrAlY coatings are not diffusion coatings and result in a distinct layer from the substrate as the coating; hence they are often referred to as overlay coatings. Many high temperature overlay coatings are produced by processes such as PVD, EBPVD, HVOF and LPPS.
The prior art methods of providing environmental and bond coatings have experienced limitations and drawbacks. For example it is difficult with spray techniques to obtain a homogenous, high-quality and dense coating. Chemical vapor deposition methods suffer from slow deposition rates and a difficulty in accommodating large components. The physical vapor deposition process faces difficulty in deposition rates and in efficiently applying cost effective coatings. And, diffusion coatings are limited in their ability to efficiently provide multiple elements in a single diffusion step. Thus there is an ongoing need for improved methods of applying coatings.
Additionally, coatings can be improved in their effectiveness over a wide spectrum of operating temperature regimes and in response to a range of environmental stresses. For example, platinum aluminide coatings (including the class of platinum modified nickel aluminides) are utilized as straightforward oxidation resistance coatings and as "bond coats" for thermal barrier coating (TBC) applications. But, currently used platinum aluminides do not utilize the beneficial effects of chromium and active elemental additions. Furthermore, there is a need to incorporate chromium, which improves the Type II sulfidation resistance of the coating, to supplement the good Type I sulfidation resistance and oxidation resistance exhibited by the platinum aluminide coatings.
Hence there is a need for an improved method to apply a protective coating. There is a need for an improved coating method that can be easily and effectively applied. Further the composition of the coating should include active elements, as well as chromium in the platinum aluminide coating, in order to provide effective oxidation, corrosion, and sulfidation resistance over a broad temperature range. Such coatings are needed to provide wide spectrum EBC protection for Type I & II sulfidation and high temperature oxidation resistance. Such coatings are needed as well for improved bond coats used for TBC applications. There is additionally a need to provide processing steps to offer duplex coating microstructures which are different for different sections of HPT blades. For instance, gas path surfaces above the platform may require certain coating characteristics whereas the shank portion between the dovetail and blade platform sections may require a different coating microstructure. The present invention addresses one or more of these needs.
The present invention provides a chromium and active elements modified platinum aluminide coating that may be used on a surface of a gas turbine engine component such as a turbine blade. The coating may be used as a protective coating that impedes the progress of corrosion, oxidation, and sulfidation in a superalloy turbine blade. Additionally, the coating may be used as a blond coat onto which a TBC layer is deposited. The presence of active elements as well as chromium and platinum provides wide spectrum coatings for improved corrosion, oxidation, and sulfidation resistance.
In one embodiment, and by way of example only, there is provided a turbine blade surface coating having a weight composition comprising:
Al about 8 to about 30% Cr about 5 to about 30% Co about 3 to about 10% Pt about 15 to about 45% Hf about 0.5 to about 8% Si about 1 to about 6% Y about 0.05 to about 0.5% X about 0 to about 5% Ni balance wherein X comprises one or more of tantalum, rhenium, or zirconium.
wherein X comprises one or more of tantalum, rhenium, or zirconium.
In an additional embodiment, and by way of example only, there is provided a turbine blade comprising: a superalloy substrate and a bond coating having a weight composition comprising about 24 to about 40% Ni, about 10% to about 15% Cr, about 20% to about 24% Al, about 22% to about 40% Pt, about 1.5% to about 6.0% Hf, and about 3.5% to about 4.5% Si and about 0 to about 0.1% Y. A thermal barrier coating may be deposited on top of the bond coating. The bond coating can be preferably formed by combination of diffusion coatings and electroplating to incorporate all of the required elements into the coating microstructures. The bond coating may also be deposited onto the substrate by an EBPVD process or PVD or HVOF type technologies.
Other independent features and advantages of the chromium and active elements modified platinum aluminide coating will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention.
The following detailed description of the invention is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the invention or the application and uses of the invention. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any theory presented in the preceding background of the invention or the following detailed description of the invention. Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.
It has now been discovered that an improved corrosion, oxidation, and sulfidation resistance can be achieved for gas turbine engine components by a codeposition of materials onto the surface of the component. In this method an alloy including multiple desired elements is prepared. The metals in the alloy are then deposited onto a component substrate by a method such as electron beam physical vapor deposition (EBPVD). Other overlay coating procedures can be used as well. The components of the alloy are selected to yield improved and enhanced environmental performance.
In one embodiment, a coating alloy is comprised of aluminum, chromium, cobalt, platinum, hafnium, silicon, yttrium, nickel, and other trace elements. Composition ranges for the modified platinum aluminide coatings are as follows in weight percent. The trace elements, X, represent refractory elements such as tantalum, rhenium, zirconium, etc.
about 8 to about 30%
about 5 to about 30%
about 3 to about 10%
about 15 to about 45%
about 0.5 to about 8%
about 1 to about 6%
about 0.05 to about 0.5%
about 0 to about 5%
In an alternative preferred embodiment, cobalt and refractory elements are omitted from the formulation. Some specific embodiments of this platinum alumide coating include the following compositions designated A through H. It is noted that in each of these compositions the weight percentage of each elemental component is nominal.
The formulation that lacks cobalt has a preferred composition range as follows: about 24 to about 40% Ni, about 10% to about 15% Cr, about 21% to about 24% Al, about 22% to about 40% Pt, about 1.5% to about 6.0% Hf, and about 3.5% to about 4.5% Si.
In one preferred embodiment of the process the desired elements are codeposited using EBPVD. In this embodiment all elements are combined into ingots. The ingots are then used as feed material for the EBPVD process.
Referring now to
In one preferred embodiment, airfoil 12 is coated with a coating of the present invention. The Christmas tree structure is not coated. Alternatively, all surfaces of blade 10 may be coated. It is noted that the airfoil 12, concave face 13, and convex face 14, are curved structures. The complex curves in these structures require care when a line-of-sight deposition process is used.
In an EBPVD process, high energy electron beams generated by electron guns are directed to melt and evaporate a source material. Preferably the source material comprises ingots of a desired alloy. The beams are also used to preheat the substrate target. This occurs inside a vacuum chamber. A typical arrangement includes multiple electron guns, of which a set of the guns are directed at the substrate material, and a different set of the guns are directed at the source of coating materials. A typical gun energy is about 45 kW. An acceptable gun array includes six electron guns of 45 kW energy. A three ingot feed arrangement is acceptable.
A typical apparatus used in the EBPVD process is shown in
A target item, such as turbine blade 10, can be held by part manipulator 23 within the chamber interior. Manipulator 23 includes a rotary drive that is capable of rotating the target item at a desired rotation. A typical rotation is between 0 and approximately 100 rpm.
In a preferred embodiment a three ingot feeder 24 provides raw materials for use in the deposition process although other arrangements are acceptable. The ingot feeder 24 preferably has a shape to receive cylindrical ingots, such as ingots with a diameter of approximately 70 mm. The ingots may be up to approximately 500 mm in length. Mass deposition rates may be varied by using one, two, or three of the ingot feeders. Also, the ingot feeder can provide a feed rate of between approximately 0 to approximately 15 mm per minute. In a preferred embodiment, a single cylindrical ingot with a desired alloy composition can be prepared. This single ingot can then be cut to provide three separate ingots that fit into the three ingot feeder.
Guns 25 comprise electron guns disposed on the exterior of housing 20. The guns 25 are positioned so that electron beams 26 can impinge upon various locations within housing 20. Thus, for example electron beams 26 can impinge upon ingots within ingot feeder 24. Further the beams 26 can also impinge upon a target held by manipulator 23. Preferably guns 25 comprise multiple guns disposed on opposing sides of housing 20.
EBPVD relies on a line of sight deposition. Thus the deposition of coatings on complex surfaces such as turbine blades and vanes requires that the target item be rotated. In the preferred EBPVD process turbine blades are rotated at any rotational velocity up to about 100 rpm.
In an alternative embodiment, the elements platinum, chromium, and optionally, active elements are codeposited using the EBPVD process. An aluminizing step which may involve low activity, intermediate and high activity processes then follows. During aluminizing, the desired platinum aluminides are formed.
Having described the invention from a structural standpoint, a method of using the invention is now described.
In one embodiment, alloys of a desired metallic composition are first prepared. The alloy composition includes those metallic elements that it is desired to deposit by the process. Alloys can be manufactured using conventional arc melt-drop casting technique. It is desired that ingots or bars of the resulting alloy avoid concentrated areas having a preponderance of one or more elements and a lack of other elements i.e., undesirable segregational effects. It is desired that the alloy provide a homogeneous blend of all elements also with due consideration to different vapor pressures of constituent elements so that the deposition of the elements may be uniform.
The overlay coating of the desired alloy is preferably deposited using electron beam physical vapor deposition (EBPVD). However, other PVD techniques may also be used including sputter physical vapor deposition and ion plasma deposition. During the deposition process a desired thickness of material is deposited onto the substrate surface. In a preferred embodiment a desired thickness of between about 5 to about 150 micrometers is deposited, and more preferably the coating thickness will be between about 25 and about 50 micrometers. The desired thickness will be chosen to provide a desired level of protection to the substrate and/or an adequate source of aluminum for a TBC layer. The overlay coating of desired chemistries may also be accomplished using LPPS, HVOF and other overlay coating processes.
An optional heat treatment or diffusion step can be applied to the coated component after the EBPVD step. Such a heat treatment is preferably at a temperature of between about 1800� F. to about 2100� F. and lasts from about one to about five hours. The homogenization heat treatment step may be employed to relieve thermal stresses in the coated component as well as to provide an intermetallic diffusion between the substrate material and the coating. As is known in the art, the heat treatment may take place in an inert atmosphere or vacuum.
In another preferred embodiment, separate from the EBPVD process, a combination of diffusion process steps and noble metal deposition steps is utilized to generate the coatings of the present invention. There are two preferred methods that may be used to produce the coatings of the current disclosure.
The first method, referred to as Method A, requires performing on superalloy parts, a set of sequential processing steps. These steps include:
The second method, referred to as Method B, also requires a series of sequential processing steps on a superalloy part. These steps include:
In the initial three steps of both Method A and Method B, which steps lead to placing the item in a pre-aluminizing condition, the three major elements Cr, Pt and Ni are predominantly involved in the diffusion process (although some secondary diffusion of substrate elements are encountered). Essentially, in Method A, a platinum diffusion is effected through a nickel-chromium layer. In Method B chromium diffusion is effected through a platinum-nickel layer. In any case, it is apparent from the ternary Ni/Pt/Cr phase diagram (Reference: ASM Handbook of Ternary Phase Diagrams) that under equilibrium conditions, for the composition range of interest, uniform solid solutions should be prevalent at a temperature of 1060� C. (1940� F.), which is close to the coating/diffusion coating conditions. However, even under non-equilibrium conditions for both Methods A and B sufficient diffusion can be accomplished to produce the needed concentrations of Cr and Pt for subsequent alumization and coating formation. In both Method A and B the follow-on aluminizing and post heat treatment cycles will produce the coating chemistries specified in this disclosure. Moreover, by utilizing the different aluminizing processes, the microstructural characteristics of phases and the distribution of the four major elements Pt, Ni, Cr and Al in the various phases can be advantageously tailored to accommodate varying operating conditions.
Utilization of Method A or B, hence provides two means (or paths) to produce active elements and chromium containing platinum nickel aluminide microstructures exhibiting the coating chemistries of interest. Such coating chemistries would provide the advantages sought in the wide spectrum coatings of the current invention.
The following brief experimental description of Methods A and B provides an exemplary illustration of results obtained from those methods. In the following experiment, the substrate material was Conventionally Cast (CC) and Directionally Solidified (DS) MarM 247 superalloy in the form of about half-inch diameter rod. The chromium diffusion was carried-out with a pack composition of 20 weight % Cr powder plus 79% alumina plus 1% ammonium chloride activator at 1975� F. plus/minus 25� F. for about 8 hours duration. The Noble metal platinum was electroplated and diffused at approximately 1900� F. for about 1.5 hours. All samples of Method A and B were aluminized (steps 3 and 4) in the same run using a Low Activity Vapor Phase aluminizing cycle. (An acceptable Low Activity Vapor Phase aluminizing cycle includes heating at approximately 1975� F. for approximately 4 hours using an out of pack procedure.)
The chromium diffusion on MarM 247 (first step in Method A) produced an average value of 17.5 weight % Cr in the coating of about 12 microns thick, although the locally measured values varied between 14 to 24 weight percent depending on the measurement location. The noted average nickel content was typically 50 weight percent. Other substrate elements such as Co, W, Ta, Hf and Mo were also present in total up to 20 percent by weight. In the case of platinum diffusion on MarM 247 (first step in Method B), the average weight content of the important elements in the coating was 39% Ni, 36.5% Pt, 6.5% Co, 5.6% Cr, 5.9% W and smaller concentrations of other substrate elements. After the first three steps for both Methods were completed, the overall general chemistry of major elements in the diffused surface layer prior to aluminization is provided in Table 1.
Number of
Method and
Average Weight Percentage
Process Sequence
for Average
Method A; Cr diffusion,
Electroplate Pt plus
1900 F. diffusion
Method B; Pt plating plus
1900� F. Diffusion then
Cr diffusion
It is apparent from the results noted in Table 1 that the two methods produce a different distribution of the three major elements Cr, Ni and Pt. For the processing conditions noted earlier, Method A has naturally produced a higher Pt concentration (45.5 vs. 27), lower Ni concentration (26.2 vs. 35.5) and a lower Cr concentration (10.2 vs. 17.2) as compared to concentrations achieved in Method B. The other two elements Co and W appear to have diffused from the substrate and the concentrations are comparably similar for both diffusion paths. Although the compositional make-up is different, reference to the Ni/Pt/Cr Ternary Phase Diagram would indicate that at 1060� C. the observed chemistries for both methods would exist in a single phase field. However, the application of same Low Activity Vapor Phase Aluminization cycle produced a multi phase additive layer for Method A, whereas for Method B a Single Phase additive layer was produced. The diffusion zone for both methods appeared to be similar, as can be expected. The noted coating thickness of about 53 microns (2.1 mils) for Method A and 51 microns (2.0 mils) for Method B was comparably similar in the example. The typical multiphase coating microstructure produced for Method A is presented in
The additive layer produced by Method A was further characterized by ESEM in the "unetched" condition. The analysis presented in
The single phase type additive layer produced by method B was also evaluated by ESEM in the "unetched" condition. The results are presented in
In accordance with the present invention it is shown that in addition to the PVD processes, low cost CVD type diffusion processes can be utilized to produce chromium and active elements modified Platinum Nickel Aluminide coatings. Different diffusion paths such as those indicated in Methods A and B can be adopted to produce tailored coatings. With the use of a Low Activity Aluminization process, a multiphase structure was developed for the Cr/Pt/Al processing sequence and a single phase additive layer was developed for the Pt/Cr/Al processing sequence. An important development from the current work is the generation of a new Platinum/Chromium/Nickel/Aluminide which is referred to as LI Phase in the Platinum Nickel Aluminides System. The present disclosure thus provides means to produce wide spectrum advanced EBC as well as improved Bond Coats for TBC applications.
The processing steps provided for Method A and Method B can be conveniently utilized to impart different duplex microstructures onto an HPT blade component. For example, if a multiphase additive layer is desired in the shank area and a chromium containing single phase structure is desired for the gas path, then the sequential processing steps to generate such coatings might be: a) platinum plate only the gas path areas, with a follow-on diffusion, b) carry out a chromium diffusion of the entire blade over the dove tail, c) platinum plate only the shank, with diffusion, and d) finally aluminize the entire blade except for the dove tail. If on the other hand, as a second example, a single phase is desired at the shank area and a multiphase is desired on the gas path surfaces, then the sequential steps may be: a) platinum plate only the shank area, with diffusion, b) perform chromium diffusion above the dove tail section, c) platinum plate the gas path areas only, with diffusion, and d) finally aluminize the entire blade except for the dove tail section. Yet in another example, the shank area is maintained in the chromium diffused condition while the gas path areas are processed to obtain the microstructures produced by either Method A or Method B. Thus several desired variations of the duplex coating structures can be generated within the HPT blade component.
In step one of Method A (and step 3 of Method B) it is described to perform an active elements modified chromium diffusion. The following description is taken from copending patent application Ser. No. 10/836,791, for IMPROVED CHROMIUM DIFFUSION COATINGS, filed Apr. 30, 2004, which is incorporated herein by reference. The description is an acceptable method of providing the active elements modified chromium diffusion.
In one preferred embodiment a diffusion packing is prepared using chromium or chromium alloy powder, master alloy powders of active elements and/or active metal elements in elemental or alloy form, a single or multiple activator, and an inert filler. Preferably the metallic powders that are used have a mesh size equal to or below 140 mesh. The metallic powders comprise the individual elemental metals or alloys thereof.
The metals in the pack include chromium and master alloy powders consisting of the desired active elements. The chromium source may be elemental chromium or chromium alloy. Preferably a high purity chromium powder is used. Active elements may include silicon, hafnium, zirconium, yttrium, tantalum, and rhenium. Again these active elements can be present in elemental form, or in alloy form, or a combination of both. Preferably all metal sources, whether elemental or alloy, are present in a flowable powder under 140 mesh size.
In one embodiment, master alloys of a desired metallic composition are first prepared. The alloy composition includes those metallic elements that it is desired to be co-deposited by the diffusion process. Once the alloy is formed, for example in ingot form, the solid alloy can be ground or pulverized in order to create the powder to be used in the packing. The solid alloy may thus be pulverized to a desired particle size suitable for the diffusion process. The master alloy powders can also be produced through the conventional atomization techniques used for powder production from molten alloys. In a further embodiment, it is preferred to combine an elemental chromium powder with a powder of a master alloy formulated to contain desired active elements.
Preferred activators include halide sources such as sources of fluorine, chlorine, iodine, and bromine. Acceptable activators include ammonium chloride, ammonium iodide, ammonium bromide, ammonium fluoride, ammonium bifluoride, elemental iodine, elemental bromine, hydrogen bromide, aluminum chloride, aluminum fluoride, aluminum bromide, and aluminum iodide. Preferred activators include ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and ammonium fluoride (NH4Fl), and ammonium bifluoride.
In one embodiment it is preferred to use dual activators, that is, both a fluorine and a chlorine source within the same pack. Concentration of the halide source within the packing may be up to 20% by weight, and more preferably is up to 8% by weight. In one preferred embodiment, the halide concentration is between approximately 1% and approximately 5% by weight. Optionally, multiple activators may be various combinations of the identified halide compounds.
In one embodiment an activator is included in the packing that is in an encapsulated form. Such encapsulated activators are available from Chromalloy Israel, Ltd, Israel. An encapsulated activator is an activator, such as a halide compound, with a covering that surrounds the activator. The encapsulation thus acts to protect the halide from the surrounding environment and also minimizes any reactions the halide compounds might otherwise undergo. The encapsulating material, typically an organic polymer, evaporates during heating at which time the halide compound is released to participate in the diffusion process. A practical advantage of using the encapsulated form of activator is that it extends the useful shelf life of a packing. Thus a packing can be mixed, prepared, or manufactured at one location and then distributed to repair facilities. The packing can then be stored at the repair facilities until needed without losing its effectiveness.
Inert materials include metal oxides such as alumina Al2O3. Other preferred inert materials include kaolin, MgO, SiO2, Y2O3 or Cr2O3. The inert fillers may be used singly or in combination. Preferably the inert materials have a non-sintered, flowable grain structure so as not to interfere with the gas transport diffusion of the desired metals.
The packing of the present invention can have varying concentrations of the metallic components within them. In one embodiment, the chromium concentration is between about 5 to about 20%; and the master alloy powder consisting of active elements (Hf, Si, Y, and others) is between about 1% to about 20% by weight. In another embodiment the chromium concentration is between about 5% to about 20%, silicon is between about 0.5% to about 10%; hafnium is between about 0.5 to about 8%; yttrium is between about 0.05 to about 5.0%; and other elements are between about 0 to about 5%, where the other elements include refractory elements such as tantalum, rhenium, zirconium etc. Also to be included are alloys of these metals.
It is also included within the scope of the invention to use mixtures of about 5% to about 20% chromium, about 1.0% to about 20% master alloy powder 0 to about 5.0% of active elements (Hf, Si, and Y), and 0 to about 5% refractory elements Ta, Re, and Zr.
These percentages are measured on a weight percentage basis comparing the metal to metal concentrations. As a whole, the metal component in the packing for coating (which includes activator and inert materials) can be between about 10% to about 90% with a range of about 15% to about 25% being preferred.
Other preferred embodiments of the active element composition include alloys of chromium, hafnium, nickel, yttrium, and silicon. Alternatively, a desired formulation can be created by combining chromium powder with a powdered master alloy of hafnium, nickel, yttrium, and silicon. Preferred formulations of these embodiments are based on a pack composition comprising approximately 15 to 40% by total weight metal or metal alloy powder, approximately 1 to 5% by weight activator, and the rest inert material such as alumina. A preferred formulation comprises approximately 20% by weight metal powder, approximately 2% activator, and the rest inert material. Some preferred compositions of the active elements component master alloy are as follows, with weight percentages being approximate:
Nominal Composition of Master Alloy A B C D E Hf 25% 30% 40% 30% 40% Ni 5% 10% 15% 15% 20% Y 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 5.0% 10% Si bal. bal. bal. bal. bal.
Chromium is then added to these compositions to reach a desired level of total metal in the alloy or in the pack, such as between 15% and 40%. In a preferred embodiment, master alloys of hafnium, nickel, yttrium, and silicon are prepared. Powders of this alloy are then combined with chromium powder as the metal additive in the pack.
A further embodiment adds additional materials such as zirconium, rhenium, and tantalum. These metals can be added up to 5% by weight in formulations A, B, C, D and E. Preferably these materials are included in the same alloy as that including hafnium, nickel, yttrium, and silicon.
It is within the scope of the invention to provide metal powder that is either elemental of each metal or is an alloy of metals. Further the combination of metals in elemental form with metals in alloy form can be adjusted to affect the thermodynamic activity with respect to a given halide activator or activators. Metals in their elemental form tend to have a higher activity for the formation of halide precursors. Elements in the master alloy powders tend to provide a lower activity. Thus, for example if it is desired to increase the diffusion of a given metal, it can be added to the pack in elemental form.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt to a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
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|y'-Ni3Al MATRIX PHASE Ni-BASED ALLOY AND COATING COMPOSITIONS MODIFIED BY REACTIVE ELEMENT CO-ADDITIONS AND Si
|Nov 19, 2008
|May 20, 2010
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Coated components and methods of fabricating coated components and coated turbine disks
|Oct 21, 2010
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Methods of forming coating systems on superalloy turbine airfoils
|Aug 18, 2011
|Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc.
|Methods for making high-temperature coatings having pt metal modified gamma-ni +gamma'-ni3al alloy compositions and a reactive element
|Mar 12, 2010
|Sep 15, 2011
|United Technologies Corporation
|High pressure pre-oxidation for deposition of thermal barrier coating with hood
|Mar 12, 2010
|Sep 15, 2011
|United Technologies Corporation
|High pressure pre-oxidation for deposition of thermal barrier coating
|Sep 22, 2011
|Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc.
|High-temperature coatings with pt metal modified gamma-ni+gamma'-ni3al alloy compositions
|U.S. Classification
|428/678, 427/383.7, 428/680, 427/405
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 26, 2004
Owner name: HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL, INC., NEW JERSEY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MADHAVA, MURALI;DUFFY, TIMOTHY R.;FLOYD, MARGARET;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:015750/0280;SIGNING DATES FROM 20040823 TO 20040826
|Nov 27, 2007
|Certificate of correction
|Nov 22, 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Nov 24, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


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Update: This treadmill has been discontinued
The Endurance 5K is the cheapest model from the Endurance brand.
But don't let the price fool you, even though it is only around $1,000, it still comes with the in-home lifetime warranty this company is known for.
This machine fits people who are on a limited budget but would still want a decent treadmill. However, I strongly advise you read the whole review first before making any buying decision.
This Endurance model comes with a 2.2 HP continuous duty motor. This motor can give you speeds of up to 10mph and can elevate up to 12%. Thus, allowing you to have an intense workout no matter what fitness level you're in.
The 18inch x 50inch 2-ply tread belt comes with shock absorption system which cushions stride impact. I don't see any problem with the cushioning however I believe that the running surface is a little small considering its price tag. So I suggest you try to run on it first before you buy.
The 4-window console provides real-time displays of your elevation, time, distance, speed and calories. Hence, you'll always be able to measure your progress.
There are also 6 total workout programs built into this treadmill: 2 manual, 1 fat burning, 1 cardiovascular, 1 interval training and 1 endurance program with user controlled speed and incline adjustments. These programs were included to give you more variety in your workouts.
Other than the lifetime warranty, this treadmill is pretty ordinary. Endurance should have added more features and upgraded some specs.
I don't recommend the Endurance 5K treadmill. It lacks the specs and features to be really worth the price they're asking for it.
Motor: 2.2 HP continuous motor
Speed: 0 to 10 mph
Frame: Welded Steel
Rollers: 2"
User Weight Capacity: 275 lbs
Incline: 0 to 12% with 400 lbs elevation thrust motor
Belt Size: 50" x 18"
Foldable: No
Heart Rate: No
Warranty: Lifetime on everything except for the 1 year labor warranty.
If you plan on buying an Endurance 5K treadmill, I suggest you locate a dealer through amazon. It is the home page of Endurance treadmills. You can get it for just $1,099.
Return from Endurance 5K Treadmill to Endurance Treadmills
Check and compare Treadmills here before you buy any. Check my pricing, ongoing promotions, manufacturer, mark and model, etc then make a decision.
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Ms. Vicki Not rated yet
Well, I bought this same treadmill, used, at least 15 years ago. I love it. I used this regularly for its first 10 years. Then I had to store it; in …
May 22, 16 06:32 AM
Dear Sir, Please kindly quote your best price BEFORE 19.05.2016 ITEM 1 Item long text: Item: Treadmill Brand: Nordic Track Model: X11i Incline
Budget Treadmill
Horizon T101 Treadmill
Cost: $599.99
Motor: 2.25 CHP DC Motor
Running Surface: 20" x 55"
Speed: 0-10 mph
Incline: up to 10%
Folding: Yes
Heart Rate: Yes
Max User Weight: 300 lbs
Entry Level Treadmill
Proform Power 995C Treadmill
Cost: $999.00
Motor: 3.0 CHP DC Motor
Running Surface: 20" x 60"
Speed: 0-12 mph
Incline: up to 15%
Folding: Yes
Heart Rate: Yes
Max User Weight: 350 lbs
Mid-Priced Treadmill
Nordic Track Commercial 1750 Treadmill
Cost: $1,499.99
Motor: 3.5 CHP DC Motor
Running Surface: 20" x 60"
Speed: up to 12 mph
Incline: up to 15%
Folding: Yes
Heart Rate: Yes
Max User Weight: 350 lbs
Premium Treadmill
Smooth 9.65LC Treadmill
Cost: $2,199.00
Motor: 4.0 CHP DC Motor
Running Surface: 21" x 64"
Speed: up to 12 mph
Incline: 15 levels
Folding: No
Heart Rate: Yes
Max User Weight: 400 lbs
For more treadmills that we recommend, please visit our
best treadmill buys page.
Help other people avoid costly mistakes by encouraging or dissuading them to buy a treadmill similar to yours. Visit our best treadmill or worst treadmill experience page.
Hard to find User Manuals:
Endurance T3i Treadmill
Motor Size: 2.2hp continuous duty
Maximum Speed: 10mph
Motor Size: 2.5hp continuous duty
Maximum Speed: 10mph
Endurance 5K Treadmill Discontinued
Motor Size: 2.25hp continuous duty
Maximum Speed: 10mph
Endurance 8K Treadmill Discontinued
Motor Size: 2.5hp continuous duty
Maximum Speed: 10mph
Endurance 10K Treadmill Discontinued
Motor Size: 2.5hp continuous duty
Maximum Speed: 10mph
Endurance Pentathlon Treadmill Discontinued
Motor Size: 2.5hp continuous duty
Maximum Speed: 10mph


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Napoli boss Rafa Benitez was coy when quizzed over reported interest in Manchester United midfielder Marouane Fellaini. The Belgium international had a disappointing first season at United, but Benitez was reluctant to discuss a player who remains on a long-term contract at another.
Asked about Fellaini, the former Liverpool boss said: "He's not one of our players, his future does not depend on us, but on Manchester United.
"I think about working with the players I have."
For breaking stories and all the great banter like us on Facebook: facebook.com/tribalfootball


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Colorado state Sen. Evie Hudak, the latest Democrat to be swept up in the state's recall brushfire, is fighting back with a cash infusion from Washington, D.C.
Two pro-Hudak issue committees have raised $50,428 since Oct. 23 to fight the recall effort, with $30,000 coming from Environmental Majority, a Washington-based political action committee, according to campaign finance reports.
That war chest — more than twice what recallers have raised in their push to place the Democrat on the recall ballot — has allowed the Hudak campaign to blanket her suburban Jefferson County district with door-hangers, robocalls and yard signs urging residents not to sign the recall petitions.
Pro-Hudak protesters, some of whom are affiliated with labor unions, have also waged an aggressive street campaign to discourage residents from signing, in some cases using bullhorns, tambourines and other noisemakers to scare off voters at sign-and-drive sites.
"We had a gentleman, a World War II veteran, who couldn't walk very well but made his way to the sign-and-drive at the King Soopers, and they were honking horns and shaking tambourines in his ears," said Joe Neville, political director of Rocky Mountain Gun Owners, which is supporting the recall.
Mike McAlpine, an organizer of Recall Hudak Too, says the robocalls have put a damper on signature-gathering. The committee needs to submit about 18,900 valid signatures by Dec. 3 in order to force a recall election.
"This is a community alert for Arvada and Westminster from the Democracy Defense Fund," says a robocall message posted on several media websites. "Paid signature-gatherers who have not gone through a criminal background check could be in Westminster and Arvada this week asking for signatures on a recall petition. Do not sign this petition."
Volunteers at the Recall Hudak Too storefront office in Arvada said the robocalls sound like a reverse 911 call that would be issued by police in the event of an emergency.
"The robocalls are affecting people such as seniors who mostly stay at home," said Mr. McAlpine. "It sounds like an official public-service announcement, and they're very concerned about it."
Recall Hudak Too has raised $23,296 from nearly 500 donors, most of them Colorado residents contributing $100 or less. So far the group is relying on its army of volunteers to collect signatures, but Mr. McAlpine said they may soon have to turn to paid signature-gatherers.
"We're right on the edge of committing to that," said Mr. McAlpine. "We're in this to win."
The Hudak recall comes as the latest backlash to the Democrat-controlled state legislature's sweeping gun-control bills, signed into law by Gov. John Hickenlooper in March. Voters recalled Senate President John Morse of Colorado Springs and state Sen. Angela Giron of Pueblo in the state's historic Sept. 10 special election.
In some respects, Mrs. Hudak should be an easier target, given that her district is evenly split between Democrats and Republicans. She barely won her seat in 2012, pulling out a 342-vote victory in a race that also featured a Libertarian Party candidate.
On the other hand, the petition hurdle is more than 6,000 signatures higher than it was in the previous recalls. In addition, Democrats who initially dismissed the Giron and Morse recalls are not about to make the same mistake twice.
On a sunny Saturday afternoon, dozens of advocates on both sides waved signs at passing cars along Wadsworth Boulevard, Arvada's main drag. Interspersed between the bright yellow "Recall Hudak" signs were "No Recall" and "Decline to Sign" placards.
"I support what I believe is right. I'm a part of the labor movement and that's all I'll tell you," said a young man with an anti-recall sign and a "Sheet Metal Workers" T-shirt who declined to give his name.
Nearby, Audrey Kline, a recent Arvada West High School graduate who held a homemade "Gun Owners for Hudak" sign, said that Mrs. Hudak's votes in favor of three gun-control bills had no impact on her gun rights.
"In fact, I feel safer because the bills were passed," said Ms. Kline. "This is not about guns. It's about a majority in the Senate, and Evie's been one of the most supportive people in the Senate of what I believe in."
Democrats hold an 18 to 17 majority in the state Senate, which would flip if Mrs. Hudak were recalled and succeeded by a Republican. Analysts agree that Democrats would never allow that, and would push instead for Mrs. Hudak to resign and be replaced by another Democrat if the recall petitions qualify.
Even if Mrs. Hudak were to resign, those in favor of the recall said they hoped the campaign would send a message to the state legislature, which has been described as the most liberal in state history.
"I'm a third-generation Coloradoan, and this isn't the Colorado I grew up in," said Bob Kagohara, wearing a pro-Second Amendment T-shirt and holding a "Recall Hudak" sign. "People from California have moved in and turned it into a Bloomberg state."
He was referring to New York City Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg, whose group Mayors Against Illegal Guns lobbied for the Colorado gun-control measures.
"Because of the John Morse and Angela Giron recalls, that got a lot of interest going in this district," said Mr. Kagohara. "So there's more interest, but at the same time, she's got her people organized, too."
© Copyright 2016 The Washington Times, LLC. Click here for reprint permission.


text:
291 Broadway
Civic Center, New York, 10007
Commute to Downtown New York
Daily errands do not require a car.
World-class public transportation.
Flat as a pancake, excellent bike lanes.
About your score
291 Broadway has a Walk Score of 100 out of 100. This location is a Walker's Paradise so daily errands do not require a car.
291 Broadway is a two minute walk from the R Broadway Local at the City Hall stop.
This location is in the Civic Center neighborhood in New York. Nearby parks include Carousel, Lighthouse Park and City Hall Park.
Explore how far you can travel by car, bus, bike and foot from 291 Broadway.
291 Broadway is a Rider's Paradise which means world-class public transportation. Car sharing is available from Zipcar, Hertz On Demand and Enterprise CarShare.
Rail lines:
R Broadway Local
0.1 mi
4 Lexington Avenue Express
0.1 mi
5 Lexington Avenue Express
0.1 mi
6 Lexington Avenue Local
0.1 mi
C 8 Avenue Local
0.1 mi
A 8 Avenue Express
0.1 mi
J Nassau St Local
0.2 mi
2 7 Avenue Express
0.2 mi
3 7 Avenue Express
0.2 mi
1 Broadway - 7 Avenue Local
0.2 mi
Bus lines:
M22 Lower East Side - Battery Park City
0.0 mi
BxM18 Riverdale - Downtown
0.0 mi
M5 George Washington Bridge - South Ferry
0.0 mi
0.0 mi
X28 Sea Gate / Bensonhurst - Manhattan Express
0.1 mi
X27 Bay Ridge - Manhattan Express
0.1 mi
0.1 mi
0.1 mi
M9 Battery Park City - Kips Bay
0.1 mi
Car shares:
Bike shares:
View all Civic Center apartments on a map.
291 Broadway is in the Civic Center neighborhood. Civic Center is the 17th most walkable neighborhood in New York with a neighborhood Walk Score of 99.
Moving to New York from another city? View our moving to New York guide.


text:
Company Overview
|Company name
|Head office location
|JP TOWER, 2-7-2 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-7015, Japan
|Kansai office
|Nishi-honmachi Intes, 2-3-10, Nishi-honmachi, Nishi-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 550-0005, Japan
|President and CEO: Shoei Yamana
|December 1936
|37,519 million yen
|Fiscal Year End
|March 31
|Number of employees
Non-consolidated: Approx. 6,300 (As of March 2015)
Consolidated: Approx. 41,600 (As of March 2015)
|Business lines
- Development, manufacturing and sale of multi-functional peripherals (MFPs), printers, equipment for production print systems and graphic arts, equipment for healthcare systems, measuring instruments for industrial and healthcare applications, inkjet printheads and textile printers for industrial use, and related consumables and solution services
- Development, manufacturing and sale of electronic materials (including TAC films), lighting source panels, functional films (including heat insulation films), and optical products (including lens units)
|Corporate Governance
|Use of "company with committees" system in accordance with the Japanese Commercial Code
|Global sites
|The Group companies have sites in 50 countries. (as of March, 2015)


text:
May 29
May 26
May 25
So it's finally Memorial Day Weekend and you just realized you forgot to book a house out East this summer. Before you're doomed to a sticky, stinky season in the city, peruse our top Airbnb picks from Amagansett to Southampton and find your perfect stay. They're all still up for grabs - for now!
With all the glass ceilings in the world, it feels good to be a woman in a female-led industry, namely, fashion. This week, on the first sunny day in what felt like forever in NYC, designer Misha Nonoo hosted the first in a series of conversations for professional women at Hôtel Americano's La Piscine.
Toast to all the brave men and women who have served our country this Memorial Day Weekend. We've got the round up of fun parties and, more importantly, those special Holiday Monday brunches in the DMV this holiday weekend.
Ah, Memorial Day Weekend. #MDW is the biggest sign that summer is just around the corner, which means everyone in LA is ready to jumpstart their vacations. After all, this weekend is expected to be the busiest since 2005. If you don't have the patience for hours of traffic, then here's a look at 8 local parties you won't want to miss.
Hamptons shmamptons... am I right!? We're ready to hunker down and avoid the masses. Here's our lineup for the hottest events this weekend right here in NYC.
And so, the stream of glamorous moment after glamorous moment that is Cannes has come to an end. This past Sunday festival jurors, led by director George Miller of Mad Max fame, gathered for the Palme d'Or Ceremony, choosing the cream of the cinematic crop. An equivalent to receiving an Oscar, the much coveted Palme d'Or award plays a huge role in determining the fate of a film and the promise of its cast.
Running from go-sees to the red carpet, Kendall Jenner is always on her feet. Needless to say, she never ceases to slay the world with her bomb-ass outfits. Sure they're styled by celeb-favorite Monica Rose, but Kendall sure knows how to rock them. Click through for some insight into this trendsetter's closet and find similar pieces for less!
Praise the Whispering Angels (LOL), there has yet to be talk of another rosé shortage out East this season. Knock on wood. Who better to consult for all your pink vino needs than the definitive Insta-connoisseur du jour, @roseseason? Click through for her ultimate guide to uncorking in the Hamptons.
Pop the rosé people, Hamptons season is here and there's a lot to be excited about. We're talking sex parties, supper clubs, and sober chauffeurs. Plus a ton of new changes at some of your favorite standbys. Click through for everything you need to know this summer.
New York has barely experienced summer yet we already are fighting the urge to flee the city and strip to itty-bitty bikinis. Luckily, the five boroughs are full of easy day trips perfect for getting a sunny fix and the temporary metropolitan amnesia every city gal needs.


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Can someone explain what this is and how is it different to texting
iMessage is an apple only messaging service.Originally Posted by Wendy, post: 293212
Basically it's a cross between whatsapp and texting.
The key to it is the Apple message application. When you pick a contact to message, iMessage looks to see if the contact is on an apple device which can be iphone, ipad, ipod or even an apple desktop, and registered with iMessage. If so, the message will be sent to *every* device that user has via data rather than texting. If not, or if the user is out of data range, then the message is automatically sent as a normal text.
Both texts and imessages appear in the contact message list. iMessages appear blue, texts appear in green.
Sounds simple, but the wonderful thing about it is how seamlessly it works. If you message me, I may get it on my phone. That's fine but with whatsapp, if I dont have my phone with me, it may be ages before I notice you've messaged me. With iMessage, it'll appear on my ipad/desktop etc and I can reply from any device.
Likewise I could be in a conversation with you on my phone, sit down and carry on from my desktop with a full keyboard, you'd never know.
It's also better than a text in that it says whether the message has been delivered and/or read (but other things like whatsapp can do that).
It's very very slick and once you start using it, it starts to get a bit tiresome when you find someone isnt on it and if you try to use a device WITHOUT it, very quickly you start to miss it
Disney information? Try our online guidebook at http://wdisneysecrets.com
Get your own Disney Countdown at http://toys.wdisneysecrets.com
And it's free to use over wifi if you happen to be in WDW
As long as they had data access so that could be wifi at home or data allowance out and about it'd be free both ways
Disney information? Try our online guidebook at http://wdisneysecrets.com
Get your own Disney Countdown at http://toys.wdisneysecrets.com


text:
Newegg.com - A great place to buy computers, computer parts, electronics, software, accessories, and DVDs online. With great prices, fast shipping, and top-rated customer service - once you know, you Newegg.
If you are reading this message, Please click this link to reload this page.(Do not use your browser's "Refresh" button). Please email us if you're running the latest version of your browser and you still see this message.
Newegg.com - Computer Parts, Laptops, Electronics, HDTVs, Digital Cameras and More!
Sold and Shipped by CleverBrand
This open cell sponge rubber with adhesive is a natural rubber product that has excellent rebound properties with a fabric impression on both sides. Carefully remove the paper lining to reveal the adhesive film on the rubber and apply to your desired surface. This is a water resistant product that can be used in die packing, to make mouse pads, seals, vibration, mounting, pads, bumpers, non-skid pads, anti - slip mats, anti-fatigue mats, drum gaskets, etc. This rubber has a temperature rating of -40F to 160F. RO12 refers to the density of this rubber, which is a minimum of 25LB per cubic feet. Technical data sheet available upon request. Available in different dimensions, densities, colours, with or without adhesive.
This item is eligible for Newegg Premier benefits. Are you a Newegg Premier Member? If not, sign up today and get:
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Please add "firstname.lastname@example.com" to your address book to ensure delivery.See Today's E-Blast Promo


text:
Feds Rule Md. County Out Of Running For Rural Health FundingU.S. Sen. Barbara Mikulski is asking the federal government to reconsider a decision making Allegany County ineligible for rural health care grants.
Obama Spurns GOP With Expansive Immigration OrdersSpurning furious Republicans, President Barack Obama unveiled expansive executive actions on immigration Thursday night to spare nearly 5 million people in the U.S. illegally from deportation and refocus enforcement efforts on "felons, not families."
Md. Families Relieved After President Announces Action On Immigration ReformPresident Obama tells the nation he's bypassing Congress to fix America's immigration system. It's the most sweeping overhaul in decades, shielding 5 million people who are in the U.S. illegally.
Essex Woman Hoping President's Immigration Plan Will Reunite FamilyImmigration overhaul. The president is set to unveil sweeping new policies. The plan could spare up to five million immigrants from the threat of deportation and make them eligible to work in the U.S.
President Obama To Unveil His Immigration Reform PlanIn less than two hours, President Obama will take to the air to unveil his immigration reform plan. Any decision he makes is sure to come with controversy.
New Advisers Say NFL Is Serious About ReformMonths after former Baltimore Ravens player Ray Rice is suspended from the NFL for a domestic violence dispute caught on tape, the league has been making efforts to educate players and staff about domestic abuse.
O'Malley Creates Panel On Pretrial ReformAs Maryland faces a court-ordered deadline to begin providing defendants in criminal cases with a lawyer at every bail hearing, Gov. Martin O'Malley on Tuesday ordered that a panel study pretrial reform.
O'Malley To Keep Working To Overhaul Bail SystemGov. Martin O'Malley says he plans to work on overhauling Maryland's bail hearing system, after a bill that would have done so stalled in the Legislature.
Supporters Square Off With Law Enforcement On Marijuana LegalityMarijuana remains the attention-getter in Annapolis this week. The Senate takes a final vote on decriminalizing marijuana Friday.
Md. High Court Sides With Ground Rent HoldersMaryland's highest court has struck down a key piece of ground-rent reforms enacted by lawmakers in 2007, siding with ground rent holders in a lawsuit against the state.
Maryland & The Affordable Care ActFind out how health reform affects you.
Sen. Cardin Talks About Upcoming Health Care ChangesSen. Ben Cardin is scheduled to talk about upcoming changes with the implementation of health care reform.


text:
Deals (1)
From Our Editors
Koko FitClub's Greater Princeton automated personal-training system rockets both men and women toward fitness goals with 30-minute custom workouts that incorporate cardio and strength training. An initial consultation determines fitness level and baseline measurements, which Koko's computerized equipment uses to design a tailored workout plan that precisely measures the weight, pace, and rest time appropriate for each exerciser.
The Koko uniquely patented machines guide exercisers through each workout and adapt as the user's fitness needs change, to constantly challenge the body. Designed by expert professional trainers, workouts maximize the body's lean-muscle mass, which can boost metabolism and help fight off disease by challenging viruses to kickboxing matches. Exercisers can track their shrinking waistlines and swelling muscles online by analyzing workout scores and comparing individual fitness levels to the Koko FitClub Greater Princeton community.


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John Frieda Expert Finish Polishing Serum
John Frieda Expert Finish Polishing Serum creates perfects styles for a smooth, sleek look. Guards frizzy hair against the style ruining effects of frizz, flyaways and humidity.
Makes hair smooth and silky with vibrant shine whether you style straight or curly. Minimizes colour fading.
Guaranteed AuthenticGuaranteed Authentic
Folica is an authorized distributer of this product and guarantees its authenticity.Close
- Protects against damage and color fading caused by heat-styling & UV exposure
- Daily use smoothes, shines & prolongs color
- Defends against damage & frizz
- Style straight or curly
Apply on dry hair to smooth, shine and protect. Use sparingly by dispensing a dime-size amount of serum into palms. Rub hands together and distribute evenly throughout hair. Use more or less depending on hair length and thickness. Style as desired.


text:
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Edition: 2nd
Author(s): Pride, William M.; Ferrell, O. C.
ISBN: 9780538466813 / Paperback / 1/1/2010
Marketplace Disclaimer:
Edition, Cover Design, etc may vary from the eCampus.com description. Please refer to the seller's comments before ordering. Marketplace sellers are required to ship by the end of the 5th business day. Items are not returnable to eCampus.com. Orders cannot be cancelled by eCampus.com.


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The Pharma CI Europe Conference and Exhibition will be held on February 18-19 at the Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport Marriott Hotel
For more information visit www.pharmaciconference.com.
According to the organization:
The Pharma CI Europe Conference & Exhibition (February 18-19, 2016, Paris, France, www.pharmaciconference.com ) is THE INDUSTRY'S GOLD STANDARD for senior level pharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical device, and diagnostics professionals seeking the latest news and the rare chance to network with all the industry's luminaries. This is the biggest and best gathering of pharmaceutical competitive intelligence thought leaders in Europe. 35+ speakers!
Join us at this premier gathering and network with other key decision makers as you learn about the most pressing and relevant issues facing the industry today. Enjoy the highest ratio of industry practitioners (pharma, biotech, medical device and diagnostics) of any pharma intelligence conference! F
or more information, please go to http://pharmaciconference.com/, call +1-212-228-7974, or email email@example.com
4662 Slater Road, Eagan, MN 55122 651-379-6200
Copyright 1986-2016 Quirk Enterprises, Inc.


text:
Anzo Fender Marker Lights
- Regular Price: $78.85-146.75
- Our Price: $53.53- 99.63
- Shipping:FREE SHIPPING
- Rating: (2)
- Brighten up your vehicle with Anzo Fender Marker Lights
- Made specifically for Duallys
- Improve your truck's lighting and add an extra shot of style
- LED for extra brightness
- Available in Smoke and Clear lenses
- 1-Year Warranty
Your Dually is an impressive beast, but you can always use a little additional style. Light up your sides with Anzo Fender Marker Lights.
Place these lights atop your extended fenders and brighten up the night. Increase other driver's ability to see you while at the same time increasing how cool your rig looks. LED technology makes Anzo Fender Marker Lights as bright as they can be, and Smoke or Clear lenses are available to make sure you get the exact look you want for your new lights.
Upgrade your style and make yourself more visible with Anzo Fender Marker Lights. Backed by a 1-Year Warranty.
Anzo Fender Marker Lights Customer Reviews
Overall Rating:4.6 of 5
Average Install Time: Under 30 minutes
Over all it was quick and easy. Shipping was fast and price was reasonable. Lights look great.
Install Time: Under 30 minutes
It was good the price was fair and shipping was fast. Over all, it was a good experience.
Install Time: Under 30 minutes