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|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Número de solicitud
|Fecha de publicación
|24 May 1994
|Fecha de presentación
|22 Mar 1991
|Fecha de prioridad
|22 Mar 1991
|También publicado como
|Número de publicación
|Edwin B. Michaels, Daniel Malamud
|Cesionario original
|E. B. Michaels Research Associates, Inc.
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (6), Otras citas (12), Citada por (18), Clasificaciones (60), Eventos legales (7)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a novel method and novel articles for inhibiting the activity of enveloped viruses. The invention also relates to treatment of viral infections. More particularly, the invention relates to a method for inhibiting the development of diseases and infections caused by enveloped viruses. In one aspect the invention particularly relates to a method of inhibiting the activity viruses whose major mode of transmission is sexual. In other aspects the invention also relates to methods of inhibiting the activity of enveloped viruses whose mode of transmission is nonsexual. The compositions of use in the invention are also effective in the inhibition of bacteria and fungi which coexist with viruses or viral infections. Additionally, the invention relates to a treatment for virus related diseases, particularly sexually transmitted diseases related to AIDS, and to diseases related to this and other opportunistic infections of the immune-compromised host.
The method of the invention relates to using mixtures of betaines and amine oxides in the inhibition of viruses and treatment of viral infections. The betaine is selected from the group consisting of (a) an alkyl-N-betaine, an alkyl-N-sulfobetaine, an acyl-N-betaine, an alkyl N-substituted aminopropionic acid and an alkylimidazolinium betaine and the amine oxide is selected from the group consisting of (b) an alkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide, an alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide and an acylamide t-amide oxide. The term "betaine" when used herein means an N-dimethyl glycine and their lower alkyl homologs. The term includes N-dimethyl amino propionic acids and sulfo betaines which are the sulfonic acid analogs of such compounds. Unless otherwise specified a N-dimethyl compound is intended. More particularly, the invention relates to a method for employing mixtures of alkyl N-di (lower alkyl) betaines and alkyl N-di (lower alkyl) amine oxides in the inhibition of enveloped viruses and use of these mixtures in the treatment of infections caused by these viruses.
The mixtures may also be used as spermicides, either alone or in combination with conventional spermicides. These mixtures may be used in combination with contraceptive devices or may be incorporated into the contraceptive device.
2. Description of the Prior Art
It is known that certain mixtures of amines are effective antimicrobial agents against gram negative and gram positive bacteria. For instance, it is known that certain mixtures of a) alkyl-N-betaine, alkyl-N-sulfobetaine, acyl-N-betaine, alkyl N-substituted aminopropionic acid or an alkylimidazolinium betaine and (b) alkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide, alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide or acylamide t-amide oxide can be used for skin degerming, cleansing and deodorizing (see for example U.S. Pat. No. 4,183,952, issued to E. B. Michaels; U.S. Pat. No. 4,075,350 issued to E. B. Michaels, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,107,328; issued to E. B. Michaels). These compositions are also useful for long term inhibition of body odor. Mixtures of the same active ingredients are also known to enhance oral hygiene by reducing oral microflora and inhibiting formation of dental plaque. (U.S. Pat. No. 4,839,158 issued to E. B. Michaels). Compositions of this type are also known to be effective fungicides. Corner, A. M., et al. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 32(3):350-353 (March 1988); Corner, A. M. The Journal of Clinical Dentistry, Vol. 2(2): 34-38. (1990)). (See also U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,075,350, 4,107,328, 4,183,952 and 4,839,158 issued to E. B. Michaels.)
It is also known that nonionic surface-active agents possessing ether or amide linkages between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions of the molecule rapidly inactivate the infectivity of herpes simplex virus I and II. (Asculai, S. S., et al. Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy. Vol. 13:686-690 (1978)). Asculai et al. also states that cytocidal activity has been used as an index of antiviral activity. The compositions utilized in this invention have an advantage over the compositions described in Asculai et al. in that these compositions inactivate viruses and bacteria while exhibiting low cytocidal activity.
The spermicide Nonoxynol-9 (N-9), has been found to have bactericidal and viricidal effects. For example, N-9 has been found to inactivate viruses related to AIDS (e.g. HIV, human immunodeficiency virus) and herpes simplex viruses (HSV I and II). In vitro, N-9 has been shown to be effective against the organisms that cause gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, trichomoniasis, and other sexually transmitted diseases. (U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention USPDI Update 1990 pps. 755-756).
It has now unexpectedly been found that certain hereinbelow defined mixtures of betaines such as (a) alkyl-N-betaines, alkyl-N-sulfobetaines, acyl-N-betaines, alkyl-N-substituted aminopropionic acids and alkylimidazolinium betaines, and amine oxides such as (b) alkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxides, alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxides or acylamide t-amide oxides in acceptable diluents, carriers and excipients are effective in inhibiting the activity of enveloped viruses. The invention provides a method of inhibiting the activity of enveloped viruses for which a major mode of transmission is sexual. The invention relates to a method for treating diseases and infections caused by enveloped viruses. These compositions are also effective in the inhibition of bacteria and fungi that co-exist with viruses or viral infections and for treatment of bacterial and fungal infections which co-exist with viruses or viral infections. The invention also provides a method for disinfecting air and surfaces contaminated with enveloped viruses.
The invention also provides a method for preventing the transmission of enveloped viruses.
The compositions used in the method of the present invention can also be used as spermicides. These compositions can be used alone, with other known spermicides and with or incorporated into contraceptive devices such as condoms, sponges, vaginal inserts, contraceptive films, diaphragms, suppositories, contraceptive patches or sustained release devices. These compositions can also be incorporated into douches. The compositions can be incorporated into wipes. For use as viricides, these compositions can be applied alone; with other spermicides; and with or incorporated into the contraceptive devices described above.
The compositions can also be applied in the form of a foam, gel, cream, salve, jelly or lotion. The compositions can also be applied in the form of a liquid, aerosol, mist or spray.
FIG. 1: is a graph showing the effect of C31G (a composition according to the present invention) and the effect of Nonoxynol-9 (N-9) on sperm motility.
FIG. 2: is a graph showing the effect of C31G and the effect of Nonoxoynol-9 (N-9) on total sperm count.
FIG. 3: is a graph showing the effect of C31G and the effect of Nonoxoynol(N-9) on the mean progressive velocity of sperm.
FIG. 4: is a graph showing in vitro toxicity of C31G vs. N-9 on sup-TI cells.
FIG. 5: is a graph showing a five day toxicity study of C31G vs. N-9 on CEM cells.
FIG. 6: is a graph showing comparing the effects on C31G vs. N9 on HS
FIG. 7: is a graph showing the effect of C31G on HIV.
FIG. 8: is a graph comparing inactivation of HIV by C31G and N-9.
FIG. 9: is a chart comparing inactivation of HIV by C31G and N-9.
The method of the invention relates to using mixtures of betaines and amine oxides in the inhibition of enveloped viruses and treatment of viral infections caused by enveloped viruses. The method of the invention also relates to using mixtures of betaines and amine oxides in the inactivation of enveloped viruses. The betaines that can be used in this invention are alkyl-N-betaines, alkyl-N-sulfobetaines, acyl-N-betaines, alkyl N-substituted aminopropionic acids or alkylimidazolinium betaines or mixtures thereof. The amine oxides that can be used in this invention are alkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxides, alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxides or acylamide t-amide oxides or mixtures thereof. These compositions are also effective for the treatment of viral, fungal, and microbial infections and contaminations. These compositions are effective in inhibiting enveloped viruses that are transmitted sexually or nonsexually. These compositions are also effective in the inhibition of bacteria and fungi which coexist with viruses or viral infections. These compositions can also be used topically.
Typically, these compositions are applied to areas where viruses are or can be transmitted. This includes application in the vagina, to mucous membranes, and to the skin.
These compositions can also be used as spermicides, either alone or in combination with other spermicides. These compositions can also be used with or incorporated into contraceptive devices such as, for example, condoms, diaphragms, sponges, contraceptive films, suppositories, sustained release devices, and contraceptive patches. For example, the composition may be incorporated into a lubricant applied to a condom or as part of a reservoir at the tip of a condom, or incorporated into a contraceptive sponge, contraceptive film, suppository, sustained release device or contraceptive patch. A contraceptive film can comprise the composition described above, together with, Type A gelatin, cellulose gum and a polyhydric alcohol. The compositions can also be used in contraceptive foams, gels, jellys, creams. The compositions can also be used in douches.
For use in preventing the transmission of viruses, these compositions can be used alone, with other spermicides and with or incorporated into a contraceptive device as described above. This invention also comprises a method for inhibiting the transmission of viruses that cause sexually transmitted diseases which comprises applying the compositions to those parts of the anatomy that are exposed to body fluids emanating from another during sexual activity.
These compositions have also unexpectedly been found to be less toxic to mammalian cells than Nonoxoynol-9 (N-9) (See FIGS. 4 and 5). Table 1 shows that these compositions have equivalent spermicidal activity to N-9, which is one of the few surfactants approved by the FDA for use as a spermicide.
For use in topical applications, the compositions can also be incorporated into liquids, creams, salves, lotions, foams and gels.
The invention also provides a method for disinfecting air and inanimate surfaces, for example, in an operating room or laboratory. More particularly, this invention provides a method for disinfecting areas which are contaminated with enveloped viruses. These compositions can also be incorporated into sprays, mists, wipes, aerosols or devices which produce sprays, mists or aerosols. These compositions can also be applied as liquids.
According to the method of this invention, these compositions may be used as viricides, fungicides and bactericides.
The compositions employed in the method of the invention comprise an admixture of betaines and amine oxides. The betaines used in this invention are selected from the group consisting of (a) alkyl-N-betaines, alkyl-N-sulfobetaines, acyl-N-betaines, alkyl N-substituted aminopropionic acid, alkylimidazolinium betaines and mixtures of two or more thereof. Typically the betaines have two lower alkyl groups bonded to the nitrogen atom. Most effectively they have two methyl subsstituts on the nitrogen atom. The amine oxides used in this invention are selected from the group consisting of b) a an alkyl-N,N-dimethylamine oxides, alkyl-N,N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide or acylamide t-amine oxides and mixtures of two or more thereof. Typically, the betaine and amine oxide components are present in a molar ratio of from 1:5 to 5:1, preferably in a molar ratio of 1:1. The alkyl-N-betaine, the alkyl-N-sulfobetaine, the acyl-N-betaine, the alkyl N-substituted 2-aminopropionic acid and alkylimidazolinium betaine (also referred to as cocoamphoacetates) employed as the components (a) of the composition of the invention have structures, respectively, as follows: ##STR1## where R is a higher alkyl group having from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably from 12-16 carbon atoms.
When used herein the term lower alkyl means an alkyl group of from 1 to 3 carbon atoms
Illustrative of these aforementioned substances are: (1) coco-N-betaine, cetyl-N-betaine, stearyl-N-betaine, isostearyl-N-betaine, oleyl-N-betaine; (2) coco-N-sulphobetaine, cetyl-N-sulphobetaine, stearyl-N-sulfobetaine, isostearyl-N-sulfobetaine, oleyl-N-sulfobetaine; (3) cocoamido-N-betaine, cetylamido-N-betaine, stearylamido-N-betaine, isostearylamido-N-betaine, oleylamino-N-betaine; (4) N-coco-2 aminopropionic acid, N-cetyl-2-aminopropionic acid, N-stearyl-2-aminopropionic acid, N-isostearyl-2-aminopropionic acid, N-oleyl-2-aminopropionic acid, N-stearylbis (2-aminopropionic acid), N-oleyl-bis (2-aminopropionic acid), N-coco-bis (2-aminopropionic acid), N-cetyl-bis (2-aminopropionic acid), (5) N-lauryl-bis (2-aminopropionic acid) 1-hydroxyethyl-1-carboxymethyl-2-decylimidazolium betaine; 1-hydroxyethyl-1-carboxymethyl-2-dodecylimidazolium betaine; 1-hydroxyethyl-1-carboxymethyl-2-cocoimidazolium betaine; 1-hydroxyethyl-1- 1-carboxymethyl-2-stearylimidazolium betaine; 1-hydroxyethyl-1-carboxymethyl-2-oleylimidazolium betaine; or mixtures of the same.
When used here the term "coco" is that used in the CTFA (designations of Cosmetic and Toiletry and Fragrance Association, Wash., D.C.) and is used to indicate alkyl groups present in coconut oil, i.e. a mixture of alkyl groups of from 10 to 18 carbon atoms. The designations of the compounds listed herein are those of the CTFA.
The (1) alkyl-N,N-diethylamine oxide, (2) alkyl-N,N-dihydroxylethylamine oxide, or (3) acylamide t-amine oxide employed as component (b) of the aforementioned mixture, respectively, have the structure: ##STR2## where R is a higher alkyl group of from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, for instance, radicals such as decyl, undecyl, lauryl, tridecyl, myristyl, cetyl, stearyl, isostearyl or oleyl. Exemplary of the amine oxides are: decyl-N,N-dimethylamine oxide, lauryl-N,N-dimethylamine oxide, stearly-N-N-dimethylamine oxide, oleyl-N,N-dimethylamine oxide, coco-N,N dihydroxyethylamine oxide, cetyl-N,N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, oleyl-N,N-dihydroxyethyl-amine oxide, N,N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, oleyl-N,-N-dihydroxyethyl-amine oxide and mixtures of the same.
The components (a) and (b) are usually admixed and acid is then added in an amount necessary to adjust the pH of a 0.5% solution to between 4-8, preferably to pH 4.5-5.5. The pH of an aqueous solution comprising the above enumerated components of the invention is determined by employing an aqueous solution of 0.5%, by weight, total of active components typically at a glass electrode, to precisely define the acidity of the composition.
In general, the acid used to adjust the overall composition to the required pH is any organic or inorganic acid that is compatible with the intended use of the composition, for example, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, citric acid, acetic acid or nicotinic acid.
The balance of the composition, after allowing for the acid is usually an acceptable solvent, such as water or a lower (C1 -C4) monohydric aliphatic alcohol, for a total of 100 parts or more. Where water is employed, small amounts of a lower alkyl alcohol, such as ethanol or propanol, may also be added to provide ease in formulation. Acceptable diluents, carriers and excipients are, for example, ethyl or isopropyl alcohols, polyethylene glycol, povidone, polyhydric alcohols, glycerine, cellulose gums, gelatin, colorants and fragrances. If necessary, the pH of the total composition is then adjusted to the requisite pH by adding a suitable inorganic or organic acid thereto.
The result is a substantially uniform, homogeneous, relatively nontoxic composition having enhanced activity against enveloped viruses, bacteria and fungi.
It has been unexpectedly found that these compositions exhibit (1) low mammalian cell toxicity, a property which is known to correlate with low irritation and low toxicity when used in contact with mucous membranes (Journal Clinical Dentistry 2(2):34-38, (1990)), and (2) highly efficacious inactivation of enveloped viruses although cytocidal activity is low. In the past, research has used cytocidal activity as an index of activity. (Asculai, S. S., Antimicrb. Agents Chemother. 13:678-690 (1978))
In practice, the total amount of the components (a) and (b) of the overall composition can range from 0.01%-40%, preferably from 0.03%-30% depending on the intended means of use. For example, concentrations used are, approximately 20%-30% in contraceptive films and 0.2% to 2% in gels.
Compositions for use in this invention comprise alkyl N-di (lower alkyl) glycines and alkyl N-di (lower alkyl) amine oxides, wherein the lower alkyl is C1 -C3. One class of betaines I have found to be partically useful in this invention are the alkyl N-dimethyl betaines, such as cocobetaines and lauryl betaines. Particularly useful amine oxides for use in this invention are the an alkyl N-dimethyl amine oxides, such as cocodimethyl amine oxides and lauryl dimethyl amine oxides.
One particular composition that can be used in this invention comprises cocobetaine, cocamine oxide and citric acid monohydrate.
Another composition that can be used in this invention comprises lauryl betaine, lauramine oxide and citric acid monohydrate.
In such compositions, the molar ratio of betaines to amine oxides is normally from 5:1 to 1:5, preferably in a molar ratio of 2:1 to 1:2, more preferably about 1:1.
Other compositions that can be used in this invention comprise mixtures of betaines, amine oxides, gelatin having a Bloom strength of 100-300 and a molecular weight from about 75,000 to about 300,000, polyhydric alcohols and cellulose gums. Such compositions are described in a copending U.S. application being filed simultaneously with the present application and having attorney docket no. U8186.
Compositions used in this invention can inhibit the activity of viruses that are related to AIDS. It is also expected that these compositions can inhibit the activity of HSV-1 and HSV-2. It is also expected that the compositions used in this invention can inhibit Hepatitis A, B and C. It is expected that the compositions can be used to inhibit viruses, bacteria and fungi which are associated with sexually transmitted diseases (STD's).
The compositions of this invention may be useful in relation to the following:
1) Transmission of HIV is often associated with the cotransmission of other viral and/or microbial pathogens. Indeed, some investigators have suggested that HIV may not be the sole agent responsible for AIDS (see Duesberg, P. H. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 88:1575-1579; Lemaitre, M., Guetard, D., Henin, Y., Montagnier, L. and Zerial, A.(1990). Res. Virol. 141:5-16). For this reason, antimicrobial agents, such as those described in this application, with a broad spectrum of activities against viruses, bacteria, and yeasts such as Candida may be of particular value in the prevention and treatment of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
2) It is thought that certain bacteria known to cause STD's may aid in HIV transmission. In persons who have been exposed to HIV, certain bacteria which cause STD's often fail to respond to therapies that are otherwise highly effective. HIV infection may help the spread of a bacterial STD that in turn helps to spread HIV. STD's such as chlamydia, chancroid, syphilis, genital herpes and gonorrhea which cause ulcerations of the genital skin seem to increase the risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV infection sexually. Aral, S. O., et al. Scientific American, 264(2):62-69 (February 1991).
The compositions described above may also be of use to inactivate other enveloped viruses, including vaccinia, varicella, herpes zoster, cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr virus, influenza, mumps, measles, rhinovirus, rabies and rubella. In order to facilitate a further understanding of the invention, the following examples are presented primarily for the purposes of illustrating more specific details thereof. The invention is not to be deemed as limited thereby except as defined in the claims.
The composition described below is a concentrate of C31G, an equimolar preparation of cocobetaine and cocodimethylamine oxides (designations of CTFA Cosmetic and Toiletry and Fragrance Association, Wash., D.C.) [CFTA] which can be used in a number of different configurations.
Cocobetaine; 31.5% active ingredient (AI): 405.5 lb,
Cocamine oxide, 31.5% (AI): 325 lb,
Citric acid monohydrate, USP: 26 lb,
Purified water, USP: 26 lb,
To make about 782.5 lb C31G at 29.6% AI, at a dilution 1% AI; pH=4.9.
The spermicidal activity of C31G of example 1 was compared to the spermicidal activity of nonoxynol-9 (N-9).
The studies were conducted using the Hamilton-Thorn Sperm Motility Analyzer. Samples of pooled washed semen were incubated with dilutions of the two compounds for fifteen seconds and were analyzed (in triplicate) for determination of the minimum concentration for inactivation by the following criteria:
1. Inhibition of sperm motility (FIG. 1)
2. Decrease in total sperm count (FIG. 2)
3. Inhibition of the mean progressive sperm velocity (FIG. 3)
As shown in Table 1, C31G and N-9 gave identical results:
TABLE 1______________________________________Minimum Concentration for Spermicidal Activity C31G N-9______________________________________Total Inhibition of Motility 150 ppm 150 ppm90% Decrease in Sperm Count 150 ppm 150 ppm50% Decrease in Progressive 125 ppm 125 ppmVelocity______________________________________
The cytotoxic effects of C31G and N-9 on mammalian cells were determined in several types of assays. Cell toxicity is an indication of the relative safety and comfort in use of surfactants in contraceptives or prophylactics.
As shown in FIG. 4, a two week study monitoring drug effects on SUP-TI cells, (a human lymphocytic cell line), C31G demonstrated minimal toxicity at 0.001% [10 ppm] while N-9 at the same concentration was extremely toxic.
FIG. 5 shows MMT reduction in CEM cells after five days of continuous exposure. Under these conditions C31G showed no toxicity to mammalian cells at 3 ppm [0.0003%] while N-9 showing toxicity, reducing mammalian cell viability by 50% at the same concentration. It is unexpected that a compound having the same spermicidal activity as N-9 would be less toxic to mammalian cells than N-9.
Antiviral activity of C31G was tested using HSV-1 and HIV-1.
To test the effect of C31G and N-9 on herpes simplex virus type-1 (KOS strain), the virus stock was prepared in Vero (African green monkey kidney) cells. The virus was released from the cells by one freeze-thaw cycle followed by sonication. The virus titer was 4.5×108 plaque forming units (PFU)/ml, as determined on Vero cells. The drug formulations used were identical to the drugs in the spermicidal study.
The stock concentration of each drug was 5%. Two-fold serial dilutions were made, down to 0.04%, in PBS pH 7.4 at room temperature. 24 ul of each dilution was added to 220 ul of virus (108 PFU), giving final concentrations of 0.5-0.004%. These samples were incubated at room temperature for 10 min, and then 100 ul of each was immediately diluted to 1 ml with ice-cold DMEM/5% FBS. 10-fold serial dilutions were then made, down to 10-7, for titration of remaining infectious virus on Vero cells in 24-well plates. Plaques were counted 36 hours post-infection.
TABLE 2______________________________________ Residual Virus (PFU/ml)Concentration (%) N-9 C31G______________________________________ 0.004 3.5 × 108 3.5 × 108 0.008 2.7 × 108 3.3 × 108 0.015 1.1 × 108 2.5 × 1050.03 3200 <1670.06 <167 <1670.13 <167 <1670.25 <167 <1670.5 <167 <167______________________________________
Note that these are titers (i.e. PFU/ml), rather than absolute numbers of PFU. The titer determined for untreated virus was 4.7 ×108 PFU/ml in the experiment using N-9 and 4.5×108 PFU/ml in the experiment using C31G.
It is noted that complete inhibition of plaque formation by C31G occurs at more than one dilution below that of N-9. See FIG. 6.
The inactivation of HIV-1 (AIDS) virus was studied in two experiments. The first study compared the effects of C31G of HIV-1 at two different exposure times, 2 minutes and 45 minutes. The next study compared the relative activity of C31G and N-9 on HIV using the same virus strain and measuring antiviral activity by reduction of virus titer as determined by reduction of P-24 HIV antigen.
The protocol and results of the first study follow:
Virus: HIV-1 strain 3B (5×105 ID50 units/ml)
Cells: SUP-T1 cell line (CD4+ lymphoid cells which produce characteristic cell fusion with giant cells and syncytia when infected with HIV)
1. Serial fourfold dilutions of C31G in PBS (4.0% -0.004% and PBS alone as control) were prepared. pH was adjusted to 5.5.
2. Pooled aliquots of viral stock were prepared and C31G was added at each concentration, at 1:9 detergent:virus ratio (1:10 detergent dilution). These were incubated for either 2 or 45 minutes.
3. Serial fourfold dilutions of each virus/detergent mixture down to 1:4096 were prepared.
4. 16.6 ul of each virus/detergent dilution from each series were added to four replicate wells of SUP-T1 cells (104 cells in 150 ul volume; 1:10 detergent dilution followed by further fourfold dilutions).
5. The wells were examined twice weekly for two weeks and each well was scored positive or negative for the presence of characteristic viral syncytia or non-syncytial ghost formation due to detergent lysis.
Virus was exposed to C31G at a 1:10 dilution of initial concentration for either 2 or 45 minutes, followed by another 1:10 dilution and then serial four-fold dilutions for the entire period.
Cells were exposed to C31G at a 1:100 and then serial fourfold dilutions of initial concentration for entire period. See FIG. 7.
The protocol and results of the second study follows:
Cells: CEM cell line ATCC #119 T cell
Virus: HIVIIIb
Test compounds: Compounds C31G and N-9, supplied as 5% solutions, were filtered through a low binding 0.22 filter prior to diluting.
1. Serial 2 fold dilutions of compounds N-9 and C31G in PBS adjusted to pH 5.5 were prepared. The highest concentration was 4% and the lowest was 0.03%. The initial concentrations were 4, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.06, and 0.03%, as well as a control without drug. The control titration was done twice.
2. 14 12×75 mm sterile plastic tubes with 0.9 ml each of concentrated virus (at least 1×106 TCID50 /ml) were set-up. 0.1 ml of each compound dilution were transferred to a tube (dilution of 1:10 of the initial drug concentrations).
3. Incubation was for 10 minutes at room temperature, and was terminated (or slowed) by diluting 1:10 in complete growth medium (on ice).
4. Additional serial 5 fold dilutions (7 dilutions, with the final dilution equal to 1:781250) in complete medium on ice were prepared.
5. 50 ul of the virus dilutions were added to quadruplicate wells of 96 well trays (U bottom) containing 3×104 CEM cells in 50 ul.
6. 60 minutes were allowed for virus absorption. The cells were washed twice by centrifuging the plates at 1500 rpm for 5 minutes and aspirating the supernatents. The final cell pellets were resuspended in 100 ul of medium and transferred to flat bottom 96 well trays. The results are shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.
Concentrate {CCon} comprises:
______________________________________Lauryl Betaine (30% ai) 1000 ptsLauramine Oxide (30% ai) 870 ptsCitric Acid monohydrate 69 pts______________________________________
The above are stirred to a uniform solution. At a dilution of one part to 30, the composition should have a pH of 4.85 at the glass electrode. Putative concentration equal to 28.5% active ingredients (ai).
Suppositories (inserts) for use with or without Condoms
______________________________________CCon (of Example 8) 526 ptsPEG-32 4000 ptsPEG-20 1000 ptsPovidone 74 pts______________________________________
The above are stirred to solution at 45° C. and injected into molds, cooled and ejected for packaging.
______________________________________CCon (of Example 8) 3.5 gms______________________________________
Added to each mold for curing urethane. Charge in mold provided with polyester loop for post coital removal of the sponge.
Spermicidal Gels, Creams or Jellies for use with Cervical Caps Condoms, Diaphragms or alone prior to coitus.
______________________________________Gel-1 CCon (of Example 8) 7.0 pts Gelatin A200 1.5 pts Glycerine 10.0 pts Hydroxyethyl Cellulose 0.4 pts (high viscosity Grade) Water 81.1 ptsGel-2 As above with the substitution of 1.0 pt of Nonoxynol-9 for 3.5 pts of CCon (of Example 8).______________________________________
Procedure--The gelating and cellulose gum are triturated in the glycerine and added to the water at 45° C. and stirred to solution. The surfactants are added to the vessel and the warm solution removed for packaging. A uniform fluid high viscosity gel forms on cooling.
Clear fluid contraceptive jellies are prepared by substitution of 1.5 pts of high viscosity grade hydroxypropyl or hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose for the gelatin and hydroxyethyl cellulose of the above examples.
The Gel formulations above are converted to Cream formulations by incorporation of 0.5 pts of cetyl alcohol in Gel 1 or 2 formulations by dissolving the alcohol in the glycerine at 49° C. before trituration of the gelating and cellulose gums.
6.2 lbs of gelatin Type A100 is triturated with 0.5 lbs of hydroxyethylcelluose. 31 lbs of glycerine are added. Solution is mixed thoroughly to form a slurry. Add 33 lbs of CCon of Example 8 and 15 lbs of water. Warm to 40° C. Mix until gums and gelatin are completely hydrated. Solution is poured on polyethylene sheet to cast a film of about 3 mm thick to be cut for films to be used as contraceptive films after cooling.
|Patente citada
|Fecha de presentación
|Fecha de publicación
|18 Dic 1975
|13 Dic 1977
|Michaels Edwin B
|Antimicrobial compositions employing certain substituted alanines and certain t-amine oxides
|18 Dic 1975
|21 Feb 1978
|Michaels Edwin B
|Antimicrobial compositions employing certain betaines and certain amine oxides
|26 May 1977
|15 Ago 1978
|Michaels Edwin B
|Antimicrobial compositions and methods for utilizing the same employing mixtures of amines
|7 Nov 1977
|20 Mar 1979
|Michaels Edwin B
|Antimicrobial compositions and method for using same
|18 Dic 1975
|15 Ene 1980
|Michaels Edwin B
|Antimicrobial compositions
|31 Jul 1987
|13 Jun 1989
|E. B. Michaels Research Associates Inc.
|Process and composition for oral hygiene
|A M Corner, et al., Anti Viral Activity of C31G VII International Conference of AIDS, Florence, Italy, Jun. 16 21, 1991 Stn. accession no. 91:446745.
|A. M. Corner et al., Journal of Clinical Dentistry 2(2):34 38 (1990).
|A. M. Corner et al., Journal of Clinical Dentistry 2(2):34-38 (1990).
|A. M. Corner, et al., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 32(3):350 353 (1988).
|A. M. Corner, et al., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 32(3):350-353 (1988).
|A-M Corner, et al., "Anti-Viral Activity of C31G" VII International Conference of AIDS, Florence, Italy, Jun. 16-21, 1991 Stn. accession no. 91:446745.
|Bowers, B. "A Biotech Worker Pursues the Formula for Success" Wall Street Journal, Jan. 30, 1991.
|Bowers, B. A Biotech Worker Pursues the Formula for Success Wall Street Journal, Jan. 30, 1991.
|Chemical Abstract 100(15):116324w (1984).
|Chemical Abstract 111: 99431m (1989).
|Chemical Abstract 99(13):98853x (1983).
|Chemical Abstracts 115: 150372e (1991).
|Patente citante
|Fecha de presentación
|Fecha de publicación
|10 Ago 2001
|24 Jun 2003
|Garo Hagopian
|Method of external genital cleansing and prophylactic kit
|27 Mar 2001
|9 Sep 2003
|The Dial Corporation
|Antibacterial compositions
|1 Mar 2002
|14 Dic 2004
|Leonard Paul
|Liquid foaming soap compositions and dispensing system therefor
|15 Nov 2001
|8 Ago 2006
|Church & Dwight Co., Inc.
|Condom with male genital desensitizer lubricant
|24 Ene 2003
|9 Jun 2009
|Research Triangle Institute
|Spermicidal and/or antifungal composition and methods of using the same
|25 Nov 2008
|5 Jun 2012
|Research Triangle Institute
|Spermicidal and/or antifungal composition and methods of using the same
|28 Nov 2006
|9 Abr 2013
|Obio Pharmaceutical (H.K.) Limited
|Materials and methods for treating viral infections
|4 Abr 2013
|15 Mar 2016
|Obio Pharmaceutical (H.K.) Limited
|Materials and methods for treating viral infections
|1 Mar 2002
|28 Nov 2002
|Leonard Paul
|Liquid foaming soap compositions and dispensing system therefor
|24 Ene 2003
|29 Jul 2004
|Research Triangle Institute
|Spermicidal and/or antifungal composition and methods of using the same
|12 Ago 2004
|8 Dic 2005
|Iryna Sorokulova
|Bacterial strains, compositions including same and probiotic use thereof
|4 Abr 2006
|3 Ago 2006
|Church & Dwight Co., Inc.
|Condom with male genital desensitizer lubricant
|28 Nov 2006
|14 Jun 2007
|Liang Hao Y
|Materials and methods for treating viral infections
|28 Feb 2007
|30 Ago 2007
|Biofilm Innovations Group, Llc
|Antimicrobial compositions and method
|29 Oct 2008
|7 May 2009
|Esawtech, Ltd.
|Broad spectrum microbicidal and spermicidal compositions and methods
|25 Nov 2008
|11 Jun 2009
|Research Triangle Institute
|Spermicidal and/or antifungal composition and methods of using the same
|17 Abr 1997
|20 Oct 1999
|Centaur Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
|Nitrone free radical trap treatment of dementia associated with aids virus (hiv-1) infection
|23 Ene 2004
|19 May 2005
|Res Triangle Inst
|Spermicidal and/or antifungal composition and methods of using the same
|Clasificación de EE.UU.
|514/556, 514/843, 514/644, 514/934
|Clasificación internacional
|Clasificación cooperativa
|Clasificación europea
|16 May 1991
Owner name: E. B. MICHAELS RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC.,, CONNECT
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:MICHAELS, EDWIN B.;MALAMUD, DANIEL;REEL/FRAME:005734/0623
Effective date: 19910509
|15 Oct 1996
Owner name: BIOSYN, INC. (A PENNSYLVANIA CORPORATION), PENNSYL
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:E.B. MICHAELS RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, INC. (A CONNECTICUT CORPORATION);REEL/FRAME:008178/0368
Effective date: 19961008
|29 Sep 1997
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|28 Sep 2001
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|10 Mar 2004
Owner name: WARBURG, PINCUE EQUITY PARTNERS, L.P., NEW YORK
Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BIOSYN, INC.;REEL/FRAME:014409/0614
Effective date: 20040302
|29 Mar 2004
Owner name: PHILANTHROPIC VENTURES HOLDING CORP, NEW YORK
Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:BIOSYN, INC.;REEL/FRAME:014468/0504
Effective date: 20040315
|23 Nov 2005
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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Business Enhancement
Karachi, Pakistan
$6.00 – $11.11/hr
8 jobs completed
175 Upwork hrs
Agency Freelancers
Quality is long remembered, after the price is forgotten.
Multimedia / Production Management
Business Enhancement:
Business Enhancement is a team of dedicated professionals who have mastered specific fields and have come together to make the best possible outcome for our clients. Our organization provides top quality, cost effective, accurate and timely services.
Our Strengths:
Our expertise and commitment towards timely delivery of content aimed to boost our clients online presence makes us the most accepted partner for web solutions. Our clients trust us for the quality and timely…
Work History & Feedback
Business Info Data Entry
– / $302.83 (122 hrs @ $2.78/hr)
Light Editor
– / $47.00 (21 hrs @ $2.22/hr)
Identifying the 3600 motorcoach companies in the US
– / $27.84 (12 hrs @ $2.32/hr)

subset: commoncrawl


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May 26, 2016
The Lemurs fall Thursday night, losing to Wichita 6-2 in their series opener. Laredo took a quick 1-0 lead but would see the Wingnuts score the next five runs, taking control of the game. Casey Harman took the loss as he couldn't get out of the 6th inning, giving up three earned runs. The Lemurs lose a half game in the wild card standings as St. Paul split their doubleheader in Lincoln.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


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Who we are.
Midwestern BioAg is an industry leader in biological agriculture with core facilities in Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Illinois and Iowa and a sales force and network of dealers that cover 29 states and three Canadian provinces. Midwestern BioAg provides a route to "better farming through better soil". We show farmers how to create a tailored farm management plan that builds the capacity of the soil to provide a wide range of economic and environmental benefits for the farm. We then help them execute on that plan by providing unique knowledge and a range of conventional and proprietary products that increase the productivity of the land, crops and livestock. Farmers who apply these biological systems increase yields, gain efficiency of inputs and make more money. Midwestern BioAg has been successfully helping farmers for more than 30 years, with over 4,000 farmer customers on more than 1 million acres.
A recent strategic investment provides the impetus for substantial growth beyond our traditional borders, increasing our reach to new farmers and new regions. We have a comprehensive growth plan to grow direct sales, expand strategically through partnerships with large landowners and food processors and make targeted acquisitions to integrate the supply chain and develop new products. This investment has brought new energy, new personnel and an enhanced strategic plan to the company. Midwestern BioAg will now be able to take advantage of the increasing demand for sustainable farming and help farms be more resilient in the face of a changing climate, variable weather conditions and an uncertain economy.
Our program helps farmers work with the best of what nature provides them to improve soil health. Because of this, the environmental benefits are enormous: increased drought resistance and improved water usage, reduction or elimination of nutrient runoff, substantial reduction in carbon footprint, and the rebuilding of soils to counteract erosion. The human health benefits are also substantial because fully mineralized, biologically grown plants incorporate more nutrients into the crops and have little or no residues from the crop-protection chemicals.
What drives us.
Biological farming is a thoughtful, systems-based approach to farming that uses the best strengths of new technologies and of historical farming practices. It incorporates the best practices of conventional farming and organic farming. While some biological farmers go all the way to certified organic and show performances that can out perform conventional agriculture, most adopt a middle ground between the convenience of chemical agriculture and the increased profitability from using more biological systems tools. Biological farmers search for ways to have the farm's biology and ecosystem provide services for free that the farmer would otherwise pay for through the use of chemistry or farm equipment.
The basis behind biological farming is that all of the living organisms in healthy soils play a vital role in nutrient cycling and uptake and by building upon life promoting systems in the soil you can optimize the health and growth of plants. The first step in biological farming is to test and balance the full range of minerals in the soil, and to replenish nutrients needed beyond the standard nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium of traditional fertilizers to include an equal focus on secondary minerals like calcium and sulfur and the full range of trace minerals. Moreover, we use mineral forms that are less damaging to soil life and combine different sources of carbon into carbon-mineral formulations that feed biology at the same time as they provide appropriate nutrition.
Biological farmers feed and grow microbial soil life by using carbon from compost, green manures, livestock manures and crop residues. They choose crop rotations and cover crops that increase biodiversity and fix atmospheric nitrogen, thereby minimizing the use of chemically produced nitrogen and providing a free alternative to the most carbon-intensive input in chemical agriculture. We have found that improving the trace mineral availability and soil life dramatically reduces or in many cases can eliminate the need for pesticides and fungicides. Finally, biological farmers use limited tillage practices that preserve healthy soil structure while incorporating carbon from crop residues and cover crops back into the soil. The end result is a diverse, healthy ecosystem that produces higher yields at lower costs.
We truly believe in our mission statement: We're here because we have a passion for farming, a desire to change agriculture for the better, and the belief that farming should be profitable and fun.


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While participating in a study on human hunter-gatherer movement patterns, members of the Hadza tribe of Tanzania wore wristwatches with GPS trackers that followed their movements while hunting or foraging. The GPS data showed that while the Hadza use other movement patterns, the dominant theme of their foraging movements is a L�vy walk, the same mathematical pattern used by many other animals--from sharks to honeybees--when hunting or foraging.
The study--the first of its kind--was conducted by a research team led by University of Arizona (UA) anthropologist David Raichlen. Raichlen wanted to see if human hunter-gatherers use similar patterns to animals when searching for a long period of time.
The L�vy walk pattern--a series of short movements in one location and then a longer trek to another location--appears to be ubiquitous in animals, similar to the golden ratio, phi, a mathematical ratio that has been found to describe proportions in plants and animals throughout nature.
The researchers found that the Levy walk is not limited to searching for food. Research has shown that humans will sometimes follow a Levy walk while doing leisurely things like walking around an amusement park. The pattern also can be used as a predictor for urban development.
"Detecting this pattern among the Hadza, as has been found in several other species, tells us that such patterns are likely the result of general foraging strategies that many species adopt, across a wide variety of contexts," said study co-author Brian Wood, an anthropologist at Yale University.
The study was funded by the National Science Foundation (grant BCS 10-62879).
To learn more, see the UA news story Walking the walk: What sharks, honeybees and humans have in common. (Date of Image: 2011) [See related image Here.]


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Carver Bancorp, Inc. (Carver) is the holding company for Carver Federal Savings Bank (the Bank), a federally chartered savings bank. Carver conducts business asMore
$25 mil. - $50 mil.in Revenue
100 - 250EmployeesContact people at this company
75 West 125Th StreetNew YorkNew York10027United Statesview map
(718) 230-2900(212) 426-6159Fax
ProPub_Iteration_NT.411[04] SEIDXWK-22


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Score +14
Deal Details
The 'Craftsman Club' price (extra 10% off tools) makes it $179.99.
If you are signed up, check your email or deals center coupons for a $10 off $50 tools coupon to use, or use coupon code SEARS2013 for $5 off $50, making the total $174.99.
Use a Sears card to pay and you get another 5% ($8.75) off.
Altogether, just over $160 + tax for the set, which is a pretty good deal even at $200.
Even better, shipping is free, or choose to pick up in-store.
53 Comments
Sign up for a Slickdeals account to remove this ad.
thanks for the info, i guess im leaning towards the Harbor freight one cuz of cheaper price. if i cant find it in the store though i might just get the "socket rails" with tray off of ebay.
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3 arrested in Supply Citgo burglary
Published: Wednesday, May 7, 2014 at 12:28 p.m.
Last Modified: Wednesday, May 7, 2014 at 12:28 p.m.
Three people from Winston-Salem were arrested and two others are being sought in connection with a burglary April 14 at the Citgo Quick & Easy in Supply, according to the Brunswick County Sheriff's Office.
Mark Eugene Warden, 48, and Robert Ray Flippen II, 31, are each charged with safecracking, injury to real property, breaking and entering and larceny after breaking and entering.
Christy Renee Paschal, 30, is charged with felony conspiracy of breaking and entering and larceny after breaking and entering.
The three were arrested Friday in Forsyth County with the assistance of the Winston-Salem Police Department and were briefly detained in the Forsyth County Detention Facility before being transferred to the Brunswick County jail Monday, said sheriff's spokeswoman Emily Flax.
Still being sought are Veronica Worley Bennett, 48, of North West Drive in Winston-Salem, on a felony warrant charging conspiracy and accessory after the fact, and Corey Ric Anderson, 20, of the same address, on a warrant charging safecracking, injury to real property, breaking and entering, and larceny after breaking and entering, Flax said.
Anyone with information on the whereabouts of Bennett and Anderson should contact Detective Ryan Newman at the Brunswick County Sheriff's Office at 910-253-2777.
F.T. Norton: 343-2070
On Twitter: @FTNorton
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


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Being one of the least effective modes of transportation, I set out to discover exactly who uses the bus to travel long distances. When I began this project, I wanted to show the faces of the people I found at the Greyhound Station in Denver, merely to document their faces, find out where they were from and where they were going. What I got out of the experience was much more...
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urbansilence Published March 10, 2009


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- BoliviaServicesFunding via IMPRO
ArmindaBoliviaArtsFunding via IMPRO
Las Costane...BoliviaRetailFunding via Emprender
San Miguel Group
For this reason they require a loan to purchase work material and tools in order to be more efficient and orderly, as well as to increase the merchandise that will offer them a better income and a better quality of life for their families. The members are in their second cycle together, so they are familiar with the work methods of the Foundation, in which they proved to be capable of fulfilling their obligations punctually and responsibly, demonstrating unity within their group.
Additional Information
This is a Group Loan
In a group loan, each member of the group receives an individual loan but is part of a larger group of individuals. The group is there to provide support to the members and to provide a system of peer pressure, but groups may or may not be formally bound by a group guarantee. In cases where there is a group guarantee, members of the group are responsible for paying back the loans of their fellow group members in the case of delinquency or default.
Kiva's Field Partners typically feature one borrower from a group. The loan description, sector, and other attributes for a group loan profile are determined by the featured borrower's loan. The other members of the group are not required to use their loans for the same purpose.
About Bolivia
127View loans »
Success!! The loan was 100% repaid
- Repayment Term
- 7 months (Additional Information)
- Repayment Schedule
- Monthly
- Pre-Disbursed:
- May 6, 2009
- Listed
- Jun 7, 2009
- Currency Exchange Loss:
- Covered
- Ended:
- Nov 15, 2009


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Activity 2: Story - The Rooster Who Learned To Crow
Activity time: 10 minutes
Materials for Activity
- Copy of the story, The Rooster Who Learned to Crow
Preparation for Activity
- Read the story and prepare to tell it or read it aloud to the group.
Description of Activity
Gather the children in a circle. Read or tell the story.


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The One Motto to Live By If You Want to Cheat Without Getting Caught
October 19, 2015
While jumping on boats might not be your thing, getting in touch with the great outdoors is an amazing way to keep things fresh between you and your affair partner. There is much to be said for the lack of sexy camping gear out there but that doesn't mean you can't do the best with what you've got.
We checked out the Mountain Equipment Co-op website to find the best options for upping your game on your next camping adventure.
So go ahead and answer the call of the wild. A little fresh air never hurt anyone.


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Posts from Table
Classified Moto's Upcycled Gear Lamps
Know a gear head who just can't get enough of his motorcycle? Richmond, Virginia based Classified Moto creates upcycled lamps and furniture using recycled motorcycle parts…
Style It Your Way: A Mixed Bag of Well Designed Bedside Lamps
Your nightstand and what you place on it are the last things you see at night and the first things you see in the morning, so when choosing a bed side lamp, choose wisely. In addition to being something pretty to look at, a lamp by the bed should offer a light that is bright enough to read by but soft enough to create a relaxing environment. Whether you like your lamp to stand out or to blend in to your bedroom decor, this selection includes a wide range of looks and styles.
Power Up: 10 Bedside Lamps with Built-In Power Outlets
You want to know one of my favorite parts of staying in a hotel? Getting to use a bedside table lamp with a power outlet built in. It's the perfect spot to leave your phone/alarm clock/livesaver to charge for the night. You can bring the comforts of a resort stay to your own bedroom each night with one of these 10 outlet-fitted table lamps.
Diesel's Lifelike Duii Lamp
Inanimate objects that appear human-like have an immediate attraction. (Kind of like animals in clothes.) The Duii lamp seems human in a robotic kind of way, as if it walked off a Pixar film set.
Low-Tech Brain Hacks to Wake Up Fully in the Morning
Most of us have to wake up in the mornings to get to our jobs. As painful as it is, it's just something that almost everyone has to deal with. That being said, there are a couple of easy ways of making this easier on your brain, which can be especially foggy right after being torn from deep slumber.
Handcrafted Modern Furniture & Lighting by Dylan Design Co.
Store Profile
Tony Oliver spends his days working as lead carpenter on Extreme Makeover: Home Edition, but he recently ventured out and started his own design company, Dylan Design Co. Through Etsy, he sells wonderfully modern furniture and lighting, primarily with a focus on vintage materials and beautifully carved salvaged wood.
BDJ Craft Works: Handmade Woodwork & Design
Store Profile
Brian David Johnson is a custom furniture and cabinet maker located in Austin, Texas. Under the business name BDJ Craft Works, Brian has been creating custom wood pieces for happy customers since 2009.
Phone It In: Vintage Telegraph Insulators as Decor
I recently worked with a client who told me he wanted to incorporate his collection of vintage telegraph insulators into a new project. I'll be honest, I had no idea what they were, but after a little research I completely understood his fascination with these colorful glass gems.
Attack of the Kraken: From Rum Running to Home Decor
Behold the super-sexy Kraken Black Spiced Rum, a bottle sure to be a dazzling addition to any bar cart. With its beautiful sea creature branding, it comes as no surprise that the folks from Kraken decided to capitalize on the wildly-popular nautical-esque decor theme.
LED Lamps Under $200: Economical & Eco-Friendly
LED lamps are a just one more way to do your part to save the planet — stylishly. Sadly they rarely save the wallet, with many going for upwards of $400. And we doubt you'll see that made up in your electricity bill. We're sure someday in the bright future of tomorrow LED's will be lighting commonplace, but for now we're just glad we can get some for under two hundred bucks.


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A shelter opened Tuesday night in Bertie County. It is located at CG White School at 503 East Main Street in Powellsville.
Wednesday, meals and tetanus shots will be available in Trap at the Trap Store beginning at 11:30 in the morning.
Also, the Bertie County Humane Society has free dog food and dog houses for tornado victims.


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Jigsaw Puzzle Stock PhotoCarpet - Decor,Challenge,Chaos,Color Image,Confusion,Connection,Flooring,Germany,Indoors,Interlocked,Jigsaw Piece,Jigsaw Puzzle,Large Group of Objects,Messy,No People,Photography,Selective Focus,Solution,VerticalPhotographer rolfoCollection: Moment Open © 2012 rolfoJigsaw pieces on carpeted floor.


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Special Event: NCPCA Peace Prize
Raleigh, NC
Finlator Hall, Pullen Memorial Baptist Church
1801 Hillsborough St
Raleigh, NC 27607
Calling all past, present and future Peace Corps Volunteers (plus family and friends, too)! Join the North Carolina Peace Corps Association (NCPCA) at it's annual Peace Prize celebration. Glenn Blumhorst, president of the National Peace Corps Association (NPCA) will be speaking, and will present the award to this year's Peace Prize recipient: Community Empowerment Fund, http://www.communityempowermentfund.org/ a non-profit started by students at UNC. This event is a great way to celebrate Peace Corps Week! Light refreshments will be served.
About the Peace Corps: Read more or watch a video about what it's like to be a Volunteer including what Volunteers do, where they go, and the many benefits of Peace Corps service. Or apply now to begin your life-defining experience.
Stay Connected: Sign Up for E-Updates || Facebook || Twitter || YouTube || Flickr || Tumblr || LinkedIn
For questions about this event contact Marques Anderson
If you require a reasonable accommodation when attending a Peace Corps event, please contact the recruiter identified in the "for questions about this event" section of the event listing. Please provide the details of the reasonable accommodation you are requesting.
Last updated Feb 25 2014
Reference #16648


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Say "social media" today and it doesn't elicit the same response it did several years ago when many organizations wondered if it was a viable business strategy worth time and energy. Now, we all get it. Yes, there's value in social media engagement. But what's new and innovative today? Will social software and analytics give companies that extra edge? Do the improvements in social networking software constitute that new innovative "thing" to help businesses leapfrog over the competition and to the top of the leader board?
Mzinga, a leading provider of social solutions, definitely believes that they have the secret sauce to help organizations increase revenue and lower costs. Making this happen for their customers requires innovative technology that helps Mzinga manage their big data volumes so user metrics are delivered in a timely manner. A company that can analyze and uncover patterns within social networks in minutes versus days already has an advantage over the competition. They are that much closer to better understanding their customers and creating more value, more loyalty.
I am proud to say that the Teradata Aster MapReduce Appliance is part of Mzinga's analytical infrastructure. Aster technology is helping Mzinga's customers understand the impact of social media with pinpoint accuracy. They have a complete picture so they can analyze and relate the data to actual customer behavior.
What Mzinga represents is, indeed, a giant step in the direction of giving companies competitive advantage. Managing customer relationships at that level creates real business value. Companies that strive for data equity by using cutting edge analytic technology will be the industry leaders.
How will you socialize your data and win your race?
Darryl McDonald
Latest posts by Darryl McDonald (see all)
- Is Interactive the Future of Advertising? - May 13, 2015
- Owning the Customer Experience - April 30, 2015
- So You Want to Be Disruptive? Not So Fast. - March 25, 2015


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Working cow horse and Reiner Palomino gray has produced color 90% of the time Shown and competed Shining spark (LTE $62,674 NRHA Hall Of Fame NRHA…Stud Fee: $750
Out of San par one of the last sons of the great peppy San (Peppy San was a natural in the world of cutting. They easily won the world title, and in doing…Stud Fee: $1,500
Own daughter of he's a peptospoonful (NCHA COA $72,412.3 The only horse in decades to win both preliminary rounds and the semifinals of the 2001 NCHA…$10,000
Not broke Not halter broke Free mare Has been a pasture ornament all of her life Please call or text 916-730-8522 or 916-271-5989 for more information…$1
This filly is Out of a topsail cody mare (1980 NRHA Open Futurity Champion NRHA Million Dollar Sire NRHA Hall of Fame) and a shining spark stallion (LTE…$5,000
This filly is out of a daughter of Texas Trademark (halter ROM, and splash white 1) and out of a point and money earning dam. This filly is out of NCSPB…$5,000
Out of a son of Luke at me (Luke At Me 1990 Black Stallion 16.3 Hands 1994 Congress Champion Jr Hunter Under Saddle 1994 World Champion Jr Hunter Under…$4,500
This 2015 gelding is out of a proven mare who was shown jumping, western pleasure, and hunter under saddle. This gelding is sired by NCSPB western pleasure…$5,000


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Want a free ringtone? Audiko.net! You can conveniently download a free One More Time ringtones for your iPhone or mobile. Scope out your favorite measures from your favorite video - i always think about you , RING TUNE, wh, or any other track. Then download the prepared One More Time ringtones to your cell phone, and enjoy Swedish music by One More Time every time your phone rings. If you are mad about Swedish or maybe Svenskt and Sweden music, then you will probably like Linda Bengtzing, Nanne Grönvall, or Carola as well. For all who want a free One More Time ringtone, we also recommend listening to Female Vocalists, Abba, and Eurovision. We provide you with an option to download your tune both in the MP3 and m4a formats, played by both mobile phones and iPhones. Just select a track, and choose free One More Time ringtones download option.
Download One More Time Ringtones
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Jamie Lynn has one of the best method grabs in snowboarding, and while you may not be able to buy that kind of style, at least you can ride the same board he uses to throw them on. The Lib Tech Jamie Lynn Phoenix C3-BTX Wide Snowboard is a big mountain stick for big-footed riders who live for slashing powder and boosting jumps. The C3-BTX profile looks and feels like traditional camber, but it actually has a slight amount of rocker directly between the bindings to improve float and control in powder. So basically, it rides like traditional camber, except way better, because you get the grip and float you've come to expect from Banana technology.
A directional twin shape and set-back stance gives you more power and control when you're shredding but still allows you to ride away switch so you can stomp those big back 180s into fluffy landings. It also features a mellower version of Magne-Traction to give it a more forgiving feel without sacrificing reliable edge hold. You can also ride a little easier knowing that this board was made right here in America using environmentally-friendly materials. Basalt reduces the amount of fiberglass needed without sacrificing strength, the Bio Bean topsheet is made from castor beans instead of petroleum-based plastics, and the aspen/ Colombian Gold core comes from fast-growing, sustainably harvested trees so you're not contributing to the destruction of the rainforests.
- C3-BTX profile (camber dominant, mild rocker between bindings)
- Medium flex
- Directional twin shape
- Aspen/Colombian Gold core
- UHMW Sintered sidewalls
- Magne-Traction .5
- Basalt wrap
- Eco Sub TNT base


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Victoria's Purrrrfect Treasures
Victoria ~ Proprietress, New Germany, NS, Canada
A Lovely Vintage Art Deco Style Poole Pottery Dolphin in the Waves Figurine. In good vintage condition and approx. 6.5" by 4.3/4" tall. The bottom is stamped Poole England. C. 1930's.
Another shopper has this item in their Cart or Wish List .
Too Much Of A Good Thing Can Be Wonderful ! We Add New Old Treasures Often Do Visit :)
☺ Mz. Jingle Belle Welcomes You :) Flexible Layaway Options :) Interac Payment for Canada Available ☺
|Shipping & Handling:
|To Be Determined
Price for shipping to USA
change location | more services


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3 good reasons to watch this edit? 8:35, 10:15, and the 12-minute markRead More »
All Posts
Aqua Sports Maui Represents
Bringing positive press to kiteboarding this week, winning a coveted 2014 TripAdvisor® Certificate of Excellence award.Read More »
GEAR Review: Swiss Protection Sock
Need foot protection but don't want to wear bulky booties? The Swiss Protection Sock may by your solution!Read More »
CrazyFly Photo Contest
A few clicks of the shutter and you could win bigRead More »
Alaska: The Last Frontier
Pack your drysuit and hand warmers and maybe some bear repellent tooRead More »
Two Faced
The most important thing is to get out there and surfRead More »
PKRA Schedule Changes
The battle for world titles continues throughout 2014Read More »
Hadlow Joins North Kiteboarding
One of kiteboarding's most influential riders makes a moveRead More »
This is Jalou (and boy, does she rip)
This girl is at once both fierce and mesmerizing on the waterRead More »
Kiteboarding Bliss
A new point of view edit from the Island Boys of AntiguaRead More »
Cape Town Shootout
Four freestyle riders catch a series of surprising off-season sessions in South AfricaRead More »
GEAR Review: SAKOS XGuard
The SAKOS Compression XGuard is not your typical lycra. Find out why.Read More »
US Kite Racing Nationals Wrap Up
23 races for formula and foil riders at Nationals in Long Beach, CaliforniaRead More »
Youth Progression Camp: Tryouts June 12, 2014
A 6-week progression series in Hood River for youth ages 12-18Read More »
Free Digital E-Magazines!
Get two free TKB e-mags when you purchase a one-year print subscriptionRead More »


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This article is part of the The Strangest Fan Art series.
Renaissance Robot
A brave pop culture addict puts his foot down once and for all.
Overwatch is Blizzard's hugely successful new shooter with ten thousand characters and a hundred thousand skill icons. We'll show you what the buttons mean.
Warning: some images may actually be animated .jpgs. Sorry.
fall in! *takes hit from a bong hanging around his neck*
Welcome to the interactive movie experience of the cyber-future!
The Comedy Goldmine examines the funniest and most creative threads from the Something Awful Forums. Although the Comedy Goldmine has changed authors many times over the years, its focus on the Something Awful Forums is still the same. Includes hilarious Photoshops, amusing work stories, parodies, and other types of oddball humor.
The SA Forum Goons just found these things online. They didn't actually create them, or if they did, they certainly didn't take credit for doing so! Regardless, they braved some iffy corners of the Internet to gather these images; leave the scary searching to them and reap the benefits!
Copyright ©2016 Rich "Lowtax" Kyanka & Something Awful LLC.


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Key things you need to know aboutDr. Preece:
Dr. Preece's Experience
Research training, expertise and qualifications
Dr. Preece's Care Philosophy
Dr. Preece's Specialties
- Podiatric Surgery
Procedures Dr. Preece Performs
- Abscess Incision and Drainage
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- See all 24 procedures
Conditions Dr. Preece Treats
- Ankle Disorders
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- See all 16 conditions
More About Dr. Preece's Background
Hospital Quality
The right hospital is as important as the right doctor
- LDS Hospital
- 8th Avenue C Street
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- Intermountain Medical Center
- 5121 S Cottonwood St
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Patients' risk of dying during a hospital stay for heart bypass surgery could be 87.4% lower, on average, at a hospital rated 5 stars compared to a hospital rated 1 star for that procedure. Choosing the right hospital is critical to your health. View Slideshow
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Patients' feedback on their experience with Dr. Preece
Likelihood of recommending Dr. Preece to family and friends is 5 out of 5 5 1 6
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May 30, 2016
Lauderdale County, Miss. A candidate for U.S. Senate again brought his campaign to Meridian Tuesday.
State Sen. Chris McDaniel is opposing longtime U.S. Sen. Thad Cochran. McDaniel led the voting in a 3-way race June 3, with Cochran placing second.
A majority of 50 percent plus one was needed to win the election outright. Now McDaniel is in a runoff with Cochran.
With the runoff two weeks away, McDaniel made an appearance at Spaceway Truck Stop in Lauderdale County in his quest to spread his message to voters and supporters.
McDaniel says he is confident he'll prevail in the runoff and believes he can make the necessary changes voters want in Washington.
"Seniority matters, but only if someone is willing to fight," said McDaniel. "No one can name a single fight that Sen. Cochran has led against Barack Obama. The adults have to enter the room and start making tough decisions. We can't spend recklessly. Sen. Cochran has been spending recklessly for a long time and it has to stop if we're going to save the country."
McDaniel also participated in meet and greets at
Queen City Truck Stop in Meridian, Grits and Grace Cafe in Newton and Garden patch in Forest.
The runoff between McDaniel and Cochran is Tuesday, June. 24.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Click on a thumbnail to go to Google Books.
The Yellow Claw (1915)
by Sax Rohmer
No current Talk conversations about this book.
Then--his brows drawn together--he stooped to the body of the murdered woman. Partially raising the fur cloak, he suppressed a gasp of astonishment. "Why! she only wears a silk night-dress, and a pair of suede slippers!"
The elusive Oriental villain known as Mr. King masterminds an insidious plot to hold London's wealthy at his mercy.
His henchmen have already killed one socialite, and more are threatened. Hot on the trail are two of Sax Rohmer's greatest detectives, Gaston Max and Inspector Dunbar, as they undertake a case that threatens to destroy the cream of British society.
About the Author
Arthur Henry Sarsfield Ward (15 February 1883 – 1 June 1959), better known as Sax Rohmer, was a prolific English novelist. He is best remembered for his series of novels featuring the master criminal Dr. Fu Manchu.
My take..........
My 1915 read for Rich Westwood's monthly meme over at Past Offences blog was I'm sad to say a less than enjoyable affair.
I wasn't exactly spoiled for options to be honest and after establishing that this was available as a freebie on Project Gutenberg that swung it for me over the other possibility – Russell Thorndike's Doctor Syn: A Tale of the Romney Marsh. Doctor Syn was a fictional character I could dimly recall from my childhood. I was quite taken with him particularly as I used to holiday for a week at Cub Camp in St. Mary's Bay – a stone's throw from Syn's stomping ground of the Romney Marshes. Maybe 30 pages into The Yellow Claw and I realised I made the wrong choice!
We had a murder and subsequent investigation into the crime, initially by Scotland Yard and Dunbar before the world famous French detective, Max Gaston arrives on the scene to contribute. Our crime has its roots in the opium trade and the mysterious Oriental, Mr King who Gaston has been pursuing since he smashed an opium den in Paris.
In truth, I found the mystery a bit dull and a bit stop-start though it did have its moments; most notably when Gaston goes undercover and infiltrates the opium den as an addict and devotee of the pipe. I found this section of the narrative quite chilling and claustrophobic.
Rohmer does offer up a couple of interesting characters which did help me turn some pages in between contemplation of whether to lacerate my eyeballs with a cocktail stick or not. Soames, our lowly servant, bed egg and chancer was entertaining; despite his cowardice. He did have my support and I was rooting for him to survive the inevitable conclusion. Helen Cumberly, the doctor's daughter was the other character of interest who attracted my empathy…..all the rest I was fairly indifferent to.
There was an the odd pointless interlude, notably when Gaston turns up in disguise in the pub and tricks the investigating detectives as they are having a drink, almost shouting ………look at me, look how clever I am – you stupid English buffoons. The odd scene owing a bit too much to coincidence to be credible – Soames in the cinema, when the detectives who are seeking him stroll in and have a conversation at the back of the film-house.
Ending was a bit ambiguous……. does the elusive Mr King escape to fight another day or not?
We did have a lovely bit of romance at the end, as the guy who loses his wife, gets the girl, or at least secures his wife's tacit deathbed permission to get the girl, but actually it's the wife giving the girl tacit permission to get the guy.
209 pages long, though at times it appeared to be 2000 pages long. Not great and I can safely say I'm done with this author. Best thing about it was that I didn't spend any money on it.
A few reviewers on Goodreads have made mention of racism within the book, with Rohmer taking a swipe at the Chinese or Yellow Peril. I take their point, but it wasn't something that particularly jarred me as I read.
Overall a 2 from 5.
Acquired from Project Gutenberg.
Click to see what other crime fiction readers found for 1915. I hope they had a better time than me.
This novel has an antiquarian almost "penny dreadful" feel about it. Gaston Max is a renowned French detective who has come to London on the trail of a Chinese syndicate who are setting up opium dens around the world. They have snared would be socialites and people who have acquired the opium habit while on diplomatic service in China. The French Surete has established that a considerable sum of money has come into the Paris opium den through a bank cheque drawn on the account of Henry Leroux, in whose London flat a woman has died.
Max is a master of disguise. He sets up a honey trap to ensnare Mr King by posing as an opium addict who wishes to use the services of the London den. In some ways Max is a forerunner of Agatha Christie's Hercule Poirot. He basically works alone, playing his cards very close to his chest until he is very sure of his deductions, and he relies very heavily on logic.
On the other hand the author can be seen to be in the mould of Conan Doyle with very detailed descriptions of both characters and settings. The language is a little dated, at times using vocabulary many readers would recognize as obsolete.
I was particularly interested in the timing of this plot, set before World War One, which attributes corruption in high places to the Asiatic influences, a little ironic as it was the British who intentionally introduced opium to China through trade in the 1840s.
A genuine page turner. You had to find out what was going to happen next.
Review at angharad_reads:
By the author of the Fu Manchu series. As I am a fan of bad novels, and old novels, I had great fun reading this bad old novel. It bills itself as "A novel of perilous adventure", and was originally published in 1915. Plenty racist, as the plot orbits opium dens and their conspiratorial menace to English Society ("evil" occurs four times on the back cover, as well as "doom", "peril", "sinister", and "frightful death").
References to this work on external resources.
Wikipedia in English
No descriptions found.
Detectives Gaston Max and Inspector Dunbar chase the evil Dr. King and his international gang of hoodlums to discover the secret of their power over many of London's elite.
Amazon Kindle (8 editions)
Audible (2 editions)
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Project Gutenberg (1 edition)
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Plant This, Not That: New Jersey Natives Edition
Black Cherry, Prunus serotina, vs Bradford Pear
Genevieve Schmidt's California Natives edition of "Plant This, Not That," spurred a number of us to share natives from our own states and regions. Last month Eastern Red Cedar was my native choice and I am now sharing another favorite, Black Cherry, Prunus serotina.
Black Cherry, Prunus serotina, is a widespread native tree found throughout the East, from Quebec south to Florida, west to North Dakota and Arizona.
Everything about Black Cherry ranks it as one of THE most important native trees for wildlife: (1) more birds feed on the fruits of this native tree than any other, (2) more butterflies and moths lay their eggs on this tree than any other tree, excepting the oaks, and (3) add to this mix its ornamental flower show in the spring.
Black Cherry blooms in mid-May and is a stunningly beautiful tree. Black Cherry flowers attract countless insects and the insects in turn attract hungry, migrant, insect-eating birds, like warblers. We can fill a bird feeder to attract goldfinches and chickadees and titmice, but there is no feeder that will attract warblers. Plant a Black Cherry, though, and you've successfully created your warbler feeder because of all the caterpillars and other insects this tree supports.
Abundant fruits ripen by August, just in time for early fall migrants. More birds feed on these fruits than the fruits, seeds, cones, or catkins of any other native tree. Richard DeGraaf's excellent book, Trees, Shrubs, and Vines for Attracting Birds, lists 45 species and I've witnessed an additional 8 species feeding on Black Cherry fruits at Cape May, bringing the total to 53 birds that depend on these fruits. At Cape May, where millions of migrants concentrate each fall, I've delighted in watching many of these birds eating Black Cherry fruits: Northern Flicker, Red-bellied Woodpecker, Hairy and Downy Woodpecker, Great-crested Flycatcher, Gray Catbird, Veery and all the other thrushes, Cedar Waxwing, Red-eyed Vireo, Yellow-throated Vireo, Orchard and Baltimore Oriole, Scarlet and Summer Tanager, Rose-breasted and Blue Grosbeak, Tennessee Warbler, Blackpoll Warbler, Cape May Warbler, and Black-throated Blue Warbler to name a few.
Doug Tallamy shares that 429 native butterflies and moths lay their eggs on Black Cherry. Red-spotted Purples lay their gem-like egg on the tippy tip of a Black Cherry leaf. I've counted up to eighteen Red-spotted Purples on my dishes of gooey fruit and it's always fun and poignant to realize that this beautiful butterfly is so abundant in our yard because of the Black Cherries that both we and the birds have planted.
In my early days as a naturalist, when I'd find a female Silk Moth laying eggs, I'd raise the caterpillars in a screened terrarium so that I could study the full life cycle. One spring I placed a newly emerged female Cecropia Moth on a Black Cherry tree leaf. Within an hour she'd attracted a mate. Some other favorite leps that lay their eggs on Black Cherry include Promethea Moth, Hummingbird Clearwing, Eastern Tiger Swallowtail, and Coral Hairstreak.
This winter go on a Promethea Moth cocoon hunt by searching your Black Cherry trees.
When the average person learns that 456 butterflies and moths (including 27 nonnative species) lay their eggs on Black Cherry they envision a tree defoliated right before their eyes. The natural balance, nature's checks and balances, includes legions of migrant warblers and other hungry insect-eating birds searching for and eating a large majority of these caterpillars.
I would be remiss not to mention our native Eastern Tent Caterpillars. These communal caterpillars build a silk web in Black Cherries, and several times during the day they fan out to feed on the leaves. They are more a nuisance than a threat to the tree. Their silk webs are unsightly to many, but they are a beacon to over 60 different birds, which feed on young tent caterpillars and feed them to their nestlings.
In comparison Bradford Pear is not native to North America, but a cultivar of Callery Pear (from China and Vietnam). They are highly invasive and popping up in the wild in 25 states. Bradford Pears are not with us for the long haul, often surviving only 25 years. They are very susceptible to storm damage during heavy snows, ice storms, high winds, and severe thunderstorms.
The many different species of birds (and good numbers of each) that feast on Black Cherry fruits spread Black Cherry across the landscape as the seeds pass through their system. Because of this, Black Cherries are often thought of as "weeds" by most nurseries, landscapers, and home owners. Instead, I think of each new Black Cherry seedling as a gift from the birds, a "freebie" to be cherished and as one of the most desirable native trees.
So, plant native Black Cherry, Prunus serotina, not Bradford Pear, and enjoy the fruits of your labor. If your local nurseries do not (or will not) carry it, persist and help create a demand for natives. Habitat gardeners will thank you and over 60 birds and 456 butterflies and moths will thank you.
© 2011 – 2012, Pat Sutton. All rights reserved. This article is the property of Native Plants and Wildlife Gardens. We have received many requests to reprint our work. Our policy is that you are free to use a short excerpt which must give proper credit to the author, and must include a link back to the original post on our site. Please use the contact form above if you have any questions.


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marine watches daughter born via webcamATTLEBORO, Mass. (WPRI) - A local Marine, thousands of miles away from home fighting on the front lines in Iraq is able to witness the birth of his baby girl thanks to a new program.
On Monday afternoon, Corporal Nick Sousa from Attleboro was nearly 6,000 miles away and still able to see his daughter, Farrah's birth.
how absolutely wonderful just wish this was used back a couple years ago, I know my brother would of given anything to see his children borncurrently afflicted with the worst case of 'pregnancy brain' that I've ever had! Be back to normal in approximately 7 months.
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Enjoy the sights and sounds of the happiest days of the year: Spring Commencement at Sleep Train Arena, May 20-21. Learn More
The restaurateur and Sac State alum has taken China by storm with California-style sushi. Next stop: Shanghai's new Disneyland. Learn More
Students and faculty are doing cutting-edge research on aquaponics, alternative energy, composting, bio-digestion, and more. Learn More
Take a tour with our photographers of a lovely time of year on the Sacramento State campus. Learn More
The University apologizes to grads and their guests who were unable to attend the ceremony.
Government major Windy Ly will have the chance to work, study, and begin building her career in the nation's capital.
The library is scheduled for closure from 5 p.m. May 20 to 7:30 a.m. Aug. 8.


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Cherry Bomb 49 State Direct Fit Catalytic Converter 29134
- Our Price: $138.41
- Shipping:FREE SHIPPING
- Part Number: 29134
- Rating: (1)
$138.41Free Shipping
Select your vehicle details above to ensure item compatibility.
- The Cherry Bomb 49-State Direct Fit Catalytic Converter is the cost-effective replacement for your expensive OEM cat converter
- Larger substrates and a proprietary wash coat for superior emissions control
- Stainless steel bodies and aluminized tubes and heat shields ensure a long life
- Available in two grades to suit your needs:
- XL Series: The standard eXtra Load Series features a higher metal loading and a large substrate for all OBDII vehicles. Originally designed to end "Check Engine Light" problems
- XXL Series: The Double eXtra Load has Cherry Bomb's highest metal loading for LEV-certified vehicles and OBDII vehicles with "Check Engine" light issues
- Direct-Fit design is custom-made to your vehicle for an easy installation
- 25,000-Mile Warranty on emission reduction, 5-Year/50,000-Mile Warranty on external shell and end tubes
- Not legal for use in California
Replacing your factory catalytic converter can be a real pain in the wallet. Cherry Bomb 49-State Direct Fit Catalytic Converters are the cost effective alternative to OE parts. Cherry Bomb Catalytic Converters utilize OE technology and high quality construction for a long life and superior emissions control.
Choose between two different grades of Cherry Bomb 49 State Direct Fit Catalytic Converters. The XL (eXtra Load) Series features a larger substrate and higher metal laoding, and is designed for all OBDII vehicles. The XXL (Double eXtra Load) Series features Cherry Bomb's highest metal loading and is designed for newer OBD-II vehicles with LEV emission certification. It is also compatible with OBDII vehicles with the "Check Engine" light code. Cherry Bomb Catalytic Converters are built with aluminized tubes and heat shields and stainless steel bodies for high durability and a long lifespan. Their large substrates and proprietary wash coat ensure excellent emission control and performance maintenance.
Cherry Bomb Direct Fit Catalytic Converters are custom-designed to your vehicle to ensure a smooth installation, whether you're a DIY installer or a professional mechanic. Your Cherry Bomb 49-State Direct Fit Catalytic Converter is backed with a 25,000-Mile Emission Warranty and a 5-Year/50,000-Mile Tube/External Shell Warranty.
Note: Cherry Bomb 49-State Catalytic Converters are NOT legal for use in California.
Cherry Bomb 29134 fits:
- 1983-1984 Chrysler E Class
- 1983-1985 Chrysler LeBaron
- 1983-1985 Chrysler New Yorker
- 1983 Dodge 400
- 1983-1985 Dodge 600
- 1983-1985 Dodge Aries
- 1985 Plymouth Caravelle
- 1983-1985 Plymouth Reliant
There are no reviews for this application.
See All Cherry Bomb 49 State Direct Fit Catalytic Converter Reviews.


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Healthy Drinks
Take Your Booze On-the-Go This Summer with Healthy Pre-Made Drinks
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You Need Wine Slushies In Your Life This Spring
Warm weather calls for frozen booze.
The Best Juice for What's Bugging You
Bad skin? Fatigue? We found a recipe to fix all your nagging health woes.
8 Creative Ways to Flavor Your Water
Bored with your H2O? Trade in your sugary juice for these all-natural flavored waters--no added sugar necessary.
10 Guilt-Free Skinny Margaritas
Save hundreds of calories and slash sugar with these low-calorie recipes.
13 Tequila Cocktails for Cinco de Mayo (that Aren't Margaritas)
Margaritas are so last year! Get in the Mexican spirit with flavorful tequila cocktails that outshine the traditional frozen drink.
Flat-Belly Smoothie Recipe
Skip the crunches and sip on this deliciously sweet smoothie to fight belly fat and reduce bloating--all for under 300 calories.
12 Gluten-Free Beers That Actually Taste Good
Even celiacs need a cold one while watching the Super Bowl! Stock up with these 12 gluten-free varieties that hold their own against full-fledged beer.
7 Things That Might Happen If You Drink a Gallon of Water a Day
From weight loss to brighter undereyes.
5 Unconventional Post-Workout Drinks
Plus, whether you should sip 'em or skip 'em.
10 Green Smoothies Anyone Will Love
From super sweet to super green, these delicious drinks are creamy, satisfying, and chockfull of nutrients
Bikini-Friendly Beers
The best low-cal brews to feel (and look) amazing in your 2-piece.
Low-Alcohol Cocktails for Juuust the Right Amount of Buzz
Sip in confidence with these tasty drinks.
6 Satisfying Vegan Smoothies
Puree your way to the perfect dairy-free breakfast or post-workout snack.
The 10 Most Popular Cleanses of 2014
These top cleanses claim to sweep your colon, purify your liver, and detoxify your body. Here's the truth about all of them.
The Truth About Detox Teas
Celebs like Kendall Jenner and Giuliana Rancic have preached the power of a few herbal cups a day. But can tea really cleanse your system and help you lose weight?
The Truth About Alkaline Water's Benefits
We know the alkaline diet is bogus, but what about alkaline water?
Is It Okay to Drink Wine on a Low-Sugar Diet?
Learn if you have to cut out happy hour when you're cutting down on the sweet stuff.
10 Iced Drinks at Starbucks That Are 100 Calories or Less
Summer treats...in moderation.
That Cup Of Tea Can Make You Sick
There's a serious health risk lurking in your tea leaves
Important Questions: What is a Fitness Beer?
How one man is bringing the protein shake-beer to a gym near you
Tasty Twists on Iced Coffee
10 creative spins on your favorite summer pick-me-up to guarantee you'll never get bored of cold brew (not that you could!).
7 Healthy Reasons to Justify That Glass of Red Wine
JK, excuse us while we drink, er split, an entire bottle
Whip Up a Protein-Packed Green Vanilla Almond Shake
With 11 grams of protein, this drink is perfect post-workout, but the coconut milk and almond butter taste is great anytime of day.
The Perfect Tropical Cocktail to Celebrate Spring
This refreshing mix of mango, passion fruit, pineapple, and cranberry will have you dreaming of your summer getaway.
How to Make the Perfect Cold-Brew
Here's how to make the best iced coffee, every time.


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( ST. JOSEPH, MO. ) A cold front moving into northeast Kansas Saturday night will trigger off showers and thunderstorms. Warmer air will move in next week with highs in the upper 80s.
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