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Environmental Analysis Companies in Minnesota
Category: Monitoring & Testing ×
Subcategory: Environmental Analysis ×
Industry: Manufacturing, Other ×
Location: USA ×
Location: Minnesota ×
Thermo Scientific Niton Analyzers
based in Tewksbury, MASSACHUSETTS (USA)
Handheld Thermo Scientific Niton x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzers embody our mission of enabling customers to make the world a healthier, cleaner, and safer place. These high-performance analyzers provide users with information they can use to drive compliance programs that ultimately promote peace of mind for their businesses and their customers.
Particle Technology Labs
based in Downers Grove, ILLINOIS (USA)
Particle Technology Labs is the leading particle characterization research and advisory company in the United States. We work with major organizations across the private, public and scientific research sectors. Our scope, and expansive knowledge of particle technology allows us to address problems that no one else can, and provide insight and perspective necessary for our ...
Fischer Technology, Inc.
based in Windsor, CONNECTICUT (USA)
Fischer Technology is a U.S. manufacturer of handheld and benchtop coating thickness measurement, material testing, and material analysis instrumentation. Fischer's PHASCOPE® PMP10 uses the phase-sensitive eddy current test method to measure metallic coatings on ferrous or non-ferrous substrates. It is particularly well suited for measuring thickness of nickel on steel or ...
CIC Photonics, Inc.
based in Albuquerque, NEW MEXICO (USA)
The growth of CIC Photonics, Inc. (CICP) is due to its proven record of manufacturing high-performance gas cells/gas analysis systems as solutions. CICP's products and markets have matured and evolved over 14 years as customer needs have changed. CICP now has a diverse portfolio of multiple-industry customers (and product solutions) that have independent economic cycles, ...
Ormantine USA Ltd., Inc.
based in Palm Bay, FLORIDA (USA)
Ormantine USA has become a world leader in the manufacture and supply of Peristaltic Pump Tubes. Initially we supplied systems and spares for the Technicon AA continuous flow market. As time moved on we further developed our extrusion and tubing manufacturing capabilities. We now work with many pump manufacturers and companies developing solutions for systems requiring ...
EMLab P&K
based in South San Francisco, CALIFORNIA (USA)
EMLab P&K, a TestAmerica company, is the leading commercial indoor air quality laboratory in North America with over 60 service and drop-off locations across the United States. EMLab P&K specializes in analyzing air and surface samples to identify mold, bacteria, asbestos and allergens. EMLab P&K also offers USP 797 testing, PCR testing, radon analysis, and materials ...
Microbe Inotech Laboratories, Inc
based in St. Louis, MISSOURI (USA)
Microbe Inotech Laboratories, Inc. (The MiL, Inc.) is your direct source for answers to all of your microbiological inquiries. We are a full-service laboratory that can provide microbial and biochemical analyses for your specific industry. Whether you are concerned about food safety or you need microbiological testing for your field, Microbe Inotech Laboratories has the ...
Teledyne Advanced Pollution Instrumentation (TAPI)
based in San Diego, CALIFORNIA (USA)
Teledyne-API (TAPI) designs and builds precision air quality monitoring instruments at our factory located in San Diego, California, USA. Our products are used worldwide in ambient air quality monitoring systems (AQMS), continuous emissions monitoring systems (CEMS), and industrial process applications. Our analyzers comply with United States Environmental Protection ...
Protea Limited
based in Crewe, UNITED KINGDOM
Protea is a UK-based instrument manufacture and systems builder specialising in spectroscopic gas analysis, using FTIR, TDLAS and QMS technologies amongst others. Our customer-focused analysis systems for process, emission and environmental monitoring can provide a solution for direct installation into a plant (such as CEM systems) or we can provide the analytical ...
Shell Engineering & Associates, INC.
based in Columbia, MISSOURI (USA)
`International Consultants In Air Quality` Shell Engineering & Associates, Inc., celebrates more than 30 years as worldwide environmental management consultants with industrial and institutional facilities. Our success comes from our ability to communicate, our ability to overcome obstacles by exploring alternatives and the use of proven scientific methods and our ability ...


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DistributionRead full entry
Range DescriptionThe species is endemic to Inlé Lake, Shan State, Myanmar. The extent of occurrence (EOO) is ca. 116 km², although the net open area of the lake has declined in recent decades from 69.1 km² to 46.7 km² (Sidle et al. 2007), and the area of occupancy is therefore estimated to be 46.7 km².

subset: commoncrawl


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Songhui Ma
- CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR Medicine, Clinical Immunology
- CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR Pediatrics
American Board of Allergy & Immunology
Clinical Focus
American Board of Internal Medicine
MD, New York University School of Medicine
Internship, Internal Medicine
Mount Sinai Hospital
Residency, Internal Medicine
Mount Sinai Hospital
Fellowship, Allergy & Immunology
Mount Sinai Hospital
Industry Relationships
Physicians and scientists on the faculty of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai often interact with pharmaceutical, device and biotechnology companies to improve patient care, develop new therapies and achieve scientific breakthroughs. In order to promote an ethical and transparent environment for conducting research, providing clinical care and teaching, Mount Sinai requires that salaried faculty inform the School of their relationships with such companies.
Below are financial relationships with industry reported by Dr. Ma during 2015 and/or 2016. Please note that this information may differ from information posted on corporate sites due to timing or classification differences.
Industry-Sponsored Lectures: MSSM faculty occasionally give lectures at events sponsored by industry, but only if the events are free of any marketing purpose.
- Meda Pharmaceuticals
Mount Sinai's faculty policies relating to faculty collaboration with industry are posted on our website. Patients may wish to ask their physician about the activities they perform for companies.
Insurance Information
Physicians who provide services at hospitals and facilities in the Mount Sinai Health System might not participate in the same health plans as those Mount Sinai hospitals and facilities (even if the physicians are employed or contracted by those hospitals or facilities).
Information regarding insurance participation and billing by this physician may be found on this page, and can also be obtained by contacting this provider directly. Because physicians insurance participation can change, the insurance information on this page may not always be up-to-date. Please contact this physician directly to obtain the most up-to-date insurance information.
Insurance and health plan networks that the various Mount Sinai Health System hospitals and facilities participate in can be found on the Mount Sinai Health System website.
154 West 14th Street
New York, NY 10011
Fax: 212-342-7411


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Leaked diplomatic memos from the U.S. ambassador in Paris cast French President Nicolas Sarkozy as "hyperactive" and impulsive, an authoritarian leader surrounded by aides who don't dare challenge him.
Leaked diplomatic memos from the U.S. ambassador in Paris cast French President Nicolas Sarkozy as "hyperactive" and impulsive, an authoritarian leader surrounded by aides who don't dare challenge him.
The once-secret memos, published online Tuesday by WikiLeaks, offer a candid look at how the United States views the leadership skills of the man whose country currently heads the Group of 20 developed and emerging economies, and which also will run the Group of 8 industrialized powers starting in January.
The cables by U.S. Ambassador to France Charles Rivkin – though poking fun at Sarkozy's personality in sometimes undiplomatic language – also describe France under Sarkozy as "unabashedly pro-American" and describe him as a crucial partner willing to break with tradition and innovate.
Yet Sarkozy doesn't always follow up on big ideas, one December 2009 memo sent to U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton said.
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"His impatience for results and desire to seize the initiative – with or without the support of international partners and his own advisers – challenges us to channel his impulsive proposals into constructive directions with an eye to long-term results," the ambassador wrote.
Sarkozy's aides avoid provoking him – last year, they reportedly even rerouted his plane so he wouldn't see the Eiffel Tower lit up in the colors of Turkey's flag, the memo said. Sarkozy opposes Turkey's bid to join the European Union.
Sarkozy's aides "demonstrate little independence and appear to have little effect on curbing the hyperactive president, even when he is at his most mercurial," the memo said.
At the time the cable was written, there was turnover among Sarkozy's staff, "raising questions as to whether new faces will be any more willing to point out when the emperor is less than fully dressed," the memo said.
In response to the leaks, Paul Patin, spokesman for the U.S. Embassy in Paris, said: "President Sarkozy has proved time and time again that he is a true friend of the U.S. France is one of our closest allies, and our partnership has only gotten stronger during his presidency."
France has joined the U.S. in expressing outrage about whistle-blower WikiLeaks, which obtained more than 250,000 leaked American diplomatic files from missions around the world.
French Foreign Minister Michele Alliot-Marie told Europe-1 radio Wednesday that the leaks were "totally irresponsible." Sarkozy's office declined to comment on specifics of the leaks.


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May 28, 201612:05 PM ET
WASHINGTON (AP) — It started with Mexicans being publicly compared by presidential candidate Donald Trump to criminals and rapists. It escalated to ejections, to sucker punches, to pepper spray. And now violence and strife seems to be a commonplace occurrence out on the campaign trail.
May 28, 201612:07 PM ET
ALLENTOWN, Pa. (AP) — Mary Heintzelman shakes her head in disgust over the presidential election.
May 28, 20169:26 AM ET
WASHINGTON (AP) — Few Americans have much confidence in the U.S. political system, the government in general, or in either political party.
May 28, 20162:39 AM ET
WASHINGTON (AP) — When Donald Trump acquired a pair of Atlantic City casinos in the mid-1980s, he pitted his managers against each other in a ferocious competition over everything from booking entertainers to attracting high-rolling gamblers.
May 28, 201612:12 PM ET
NEW YORK (AP) — The Latest on the fatal crash of a vintage World War II plane into the Hudson River between New York and New Jersey (all times local):
May 28, 201611:46 AM ET
MOSCOW (AP) — Russia's Olympic Committee said Saturday that eight of the country's athletes have registered positive in doping retests for the 2012 London Games.
May 28, 20164:05 AM ET
TORONTO (AP) — LeBron James isn't just going back to the NBA Finals. He's returning with a team that's healthy and whole, which makes this trip unlike last year.
May 27, 20165:23 PM ET
OKLAHOMA CITY (AP) — The Thunder won't say they have to win Game 6 against the Golden State Warriors on Saturday to win the Western Conference finals.
May 28, 201612:04 PM ET
PARIS (AP) — The Latest on the French Open (all times local):
May 28, 20169:23 AM ET
PARIS (AP) — In her seven previous matches with Ana Ivanovic, Elina Svitolina had only managed to win a set.


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Heads up! PlayStation Plus subscribers in North America have a little under 12 hours to download a number of titles available for free on the PlayStation Store before Sony Computer Entertainment removes them from the Instant Game Collection.
Of course, Gravity Rush, Uncharted: Golden Abyss, WipEout 2048 will still be available to purchase from tomorrow, but now is your last chance to bag them without costing you a dime.
We understand the three Vita titles will be removed from the store at 12am EST, 25 June, 2014.
This week N.A. PlayStation Plus subscribers can download Mutant Mudds Deluxe on Vita for free. June's PS Plus offerings currently include:
PS4: Trine 2: Complete Story and PixelJunk Shooter Ultimate.
PS3: NBA 2k14 and and Sly Cooper: Thieves in Time.
PS Vita: Mutant Mudds Deluxe and Terraria.
There's also been a leak of July's PS Plus content, which is said to include TowerFall: Ascension and Strider for PS4.


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Gatlinburg 4th of July Midnight Parade and Fireworks
Gatlinburg, TN is known to have the "First July Fourth Parade in the Nation" with the annual Gatlinburg 4th of July Midnight Parade, which begins exactly at midnight on July 4th. This year's parade will be its 40th anniversary and will honor Military Veterans and other U.S. Military Heroes.
Around 100,000 spectators are expected to line the streets of Gatlinburg to celebrate the 4th of July in Gatlinburg, TN. In other words, find a good spot early! Many people put folding chairs out along the sidewalks as early as 7am on July 3rd. If you choose to do this, just keep in mind that it is sort of the "honor" system and your chair could get moved or, even worse, stolen. This rarely ever happens, but just a heads up!
The 4th of July parade route typically begins at traffic light #1a on East Parkway and turns south onto the Parkway at traffic light #3, then travels the length of the downtown street to traffic light #10 at Ski Mountain Road.
If you're wondering what the Gatlinburg 4th of July Midnight Parade is like, check out the video below to get an idea of what to expect.
Video of the 4th of July Midnight Parade in Gatlinburg, TN
Gatlinburg 4th of July Fireworks 2015
The Gatlinburg Fourth of July Fireworks can be seen throughout downtown and from any lodging that faces downtown. The fireworks has historically begun at 10pm on July 4th and concludes with one of the biggest finales you will ever see…seriously…it's mind-blowing. They haven't said yet if this year's fireworks will be at a different time, but we will update this article if they change it. Finding a good spot to see the fireworks is pretty easy….if you can see the sky, you're good. If you happen to be staying in a cabin where you can see downtown, then enjoy the incredible view!
Final Thought
Wherever you decide to celebrate the 4th of July, we join you in honoring our nation and those who fight for it. If you or your family have served in our nation's military or are currently serving, we give you our most sincere gratitude. Thank you!


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Bosnia and Herzegovina
Alberta, Halifax, Hamilton, Montreal, Ottawa, Peterborough, Toronto, Vancouver, Victoria,
Czech Republic
Bengaluru, Chandigarh, Delhi, Mumbai,
New Zealand
South Africa
United Kingdom
Belfast, Birmingham, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Hull University, London, Nottingham, Sheffield, University of Leicester, University of London, York
United States
Athens GA, Atlanta, Baltimore, Chicago, Cleveland, Columbia MO, Columbus, Denver, Des Moines, Duke University, NC, Durham & Chapel Hill, East Lansing, Flagstaff, AZ, Houston, Iowa City, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Lubbock TX, Manhattan KS, Muncie IN, New Orleans, New York City, Oneonta, Pittsburgh, Plattsburgh, Providence, Richmond VA, San Fernando Valley, San Francisco, Twin Cities, West Georgia (University)
My friend and I were eating at Java House, on the corner of Queen west and Augusta Ave. in Toronto and my friend noticed a guy taking a picture on his cell of a woman walking a few paces ahead of him. We watched as the woman went into a Second Cup coffee place on the other side of augusta and he seemed to watch her go in and wait outside. He paced around and tried to act like he was about to cross the street but when the light turned green he just looked around. Then he looked inside the second cup again and walked on past it further East on Queen.
After dinner my friend and I walked East on Queen and my friend went to catch a street car going East from Queen and Spadina. The man got on the same street car as her and looked around. The woman was on the same street car too and when the man saw her, he sat down beside her. It was obvious they didn't know each other. When the street car reached College they both got off at the same stop. She started to walk down the street and he ducked into a convenience store. My friend stayed on the streetcar and then texted me about what she'd seen. I suggested she try to report the incident to the police. She called and got the brush off. The police officer said " we can't do anything about it now. Next time call when it's happening" She refused to let my friend file a report or to call a cop car out to that area to see what was going on.
For the record, the stalker was a man about 6'2, average weight for his height, and had ear length wavy hair and kind of a square jaw line. He also had a short goatee or a beard and appeared to be in his early 30s. The woman appeared to be 20s or 30s, with long brown hair down her back, wearing a black tank top, dark knee-length pants, a black shoulder bag and sunglasses on.
I just really wanted to document this since the police took no interest and this guy will probably do something like this again. Makes me feel sick and helpless.
To help build a world where street harassment is unacceptable behavior, donate to our "I've Got Your Back" campaign. Only 8 days to go!
Author comments are in a darker gray color for you to easily identify the posts author in the comments


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Select Local Merchants
Tan On FirstRead MoreBuffalo's Tan On First offers a wide variety of tanning services that are sure to last. This salon's expert aestheticians are trained to provide the best and relaxing facials. With services so full, you can spend a day relaxing indoors at Tan On First. It'll even make it look like you went outside with its tanning service. This beauty establishment offers a range of alternative remedies for you to try out. The staff at this salon is always familiar with the latest hair trends, making them some of the most creative and innovative stylists in the area. So when you need to erase some tan lines and even out your tan, Tan On First has you covered.114 1st Street SouthBuffalo, MN US
Healthy Glow Tanning StudioRead MoreFor signature and quality tanning services that last, visit Healthy Glow Tanning Studio in Rockford. From waxing to custom hair removal, the staff at Healthy Glow Tanning Studio is here to assist you with your hair removal needs. Looking for eyelash extensions? Head to Healthy Glow Tanning Studio for all of your beauty and cosmetic needs. Look brighter, feel happier with this salon's full tanning salon. They have you covered entirely, with their services including tanning beds. So go ahead and get that sun-kissed glow you have been dreaming about at Healthy Glow Tanning Studio.6121 Main StreetRockford, MN US
New Attitude's SalonRead MoreThe tanning services at New Attitude's Salon in Delano are perfect for any skin type. This salon has everything you need to make a bold fashion statement with your nails. This salon will have you feeling like it's summer all year round with its tanning salon boasting such services like tanning beds, spray tan, and airbrush tan. Pump up your hair volume with a refreshing and hydrating hair treatment from this salon, such as hair cuts and color and highlights. Get the best advice and hair care treatments in Delano at New Attitude's Salon.430 Babcock Boulevard EastDelano, MN US
Diva's Hair & Body Care ProfessionalsRead MoreDiva's Hair and Body Care Pro serves up the best tanning experience at their location in Annandale. This salon offers a wide range of alternative services that will meet or even exceed your needs, such as physiotherapy and acne treatment. This salon will have you feeling like it's summer all year round with its tanning salon boasting such services like tanning beds, spray tan, and airbrush tan. When you're in need of a tan before you leave for vacation, Diva's Hair and Body Care Pro has you covered.93 Oak Avenue SouthAnnandale, MN US
My Lady My Ladd Salon and TanningRead MoreAt Maple Lake's My Lady My Ladd Salon and Tanning, you can take advantage all of the benefits of tanning indoors. A wide range of alternative options are also offered for those who prefer a more natural remedy. This salon knows paleness isn't forever. With services like tanning beds, spray tan, and airbrush tan offered, you'll leave looking bolder and brighter. For the most natural looking color, My Lady My Ladd Salon and Tanning takes the cake in top-of-the-line tanning.40 Birch Avenue SouthMaple Lake, MN US
Totally TanRead MoreDepending on the season, Totally Tan's clients might give off a glow that has nothing to do with the Minnesota chain's bronzing equipment. Every year, the company launches a massive food drive that contributes thousands of pounds of staples to local food banks. It's all possible with the help of of a loyal customer base that's been coming since 1999. During that time, the tanning technology has gotten ever faster and smoother. Today, all the beds are tricked out with high-pressure facial tanners, and customers can even check out a pair of earbuds to control their own playlist as they tan. Upon arrival, they step into spick and span tanning suites stocked with fresh towels, sanitized goggles, and even a refreshing butter mint.9331 Cedar StreetMonticello, MN US


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Offshore software services, especially offshore testing services, have been a very popular business all along. Benefits around cost savings, round the clock productivity have all been touted about. However times are changing. Testing services are at an interesting cross … Continue reading
We are moving into a cloud pervasive zone. Gone are the days, when organizations were considering whether to host their applications on the cloud or to continue to work in a "behind the firewall" scenario. The shift in mind-set … Continue reading
Manual and Automated styles of testing have long existed hand in hand, helping testers deliver a quality product on time and with the required test coverage. Automation brings in a lot of benefits including repeatability in tests, faster execution, … Continue reading


text: I'm having a problem remembering a novel I read in the 70s, when I was much younger. I've since forgotten the title and who wrote it, and somehow would like to go over it again. Its about a Survey Corps ship that is forced to make an emergency landing on a inhabitable planet, right in the middle of a tribal war between two factions of the alien species of that planet. And the novel also includes one of the alien's point of reference, as well as the crew members. The cover of the book shows two groups of natives fighting each other with spears, when they are forced to look up at the survey ship making its emergency landing. And the story deals with the Survey crewmen's interaction with one of the native groups. I've always had this novel in the back of my mind, but never have come across it. Could someone help me with this? Thanks


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Rijeka City Museum was established in 1994, when the National Revolution Museum (founded in 1961) was reorganised. The museum building, located in the park of the Governor's Palace, was designed by the architect Neven Šegvić in 1976. That same year, the Borba daily newspaper awarded Šegvić a prize for the building's design.
The museum does not house a permanent exhibition, but organises temporary shows. In recent years, the museum has collected and restored valuable material. Numerous investigations have been conducted, successful exhibitions have been held, and extensive catalogues have been published on themes related to the history of Rijeka and its environs: The Bridges of Rijeka; The Fountains and Wash Basins of Rijeka; The Steps of Rijeka; The Port of Rijeka: History, Construction, Traffic; The Magic Needle – a collection of gramophones and Rijeka's discography; Adamić's Era 1780 – 1830 – Rijeka's Merchant in a Time of Great Changesand the two most demanding projects so far, Merika – Emigration from Central Europe to America 1880 – 1914; and Torpedo of Rijeka – First in the World.
A cycle of exhibitions related to the works of artists from Rijeka encompassed the fields of architecture (I. Emil, N. Kučan, Z. Bregovac, A. Čičin Šain), photography (V. Hreljanović), painting (R. Žic), film posters (W. Stipanov), and set and costume design (D. Sokolić and R. Nenadović Sokolić) among others.
The holdings of the museum include diverse items which, for the most part, trace the life of the city in the 19th and the 20th centuries.
The collection of arts and crafts comprises furniture, glass, and ceramic items, as well as clothing owned by well-known Rijeka families.
The collection of documents comprises school certificates, diplomas, personal identity documents, maps, plans, and drawings of the city and its surroundings, from the 17th century to the present.
The press collection comprises examples of the daily press, posters and various printed material from Rijeka and its surroundings from the 19th and 20th centuries.
The collection of numismatics, securities, medals and other decorations from Rijeka and its environs includes money that was printed and used in this area.
The collection of weapons and items from the Second World War includes items from partisan camps, Nazi and Fascist prisons, and personal items that belonged to war participants; the collection also contains weapons from the 19th and 20th centuries.
The visual arts collection includes drawings, prints, paintings, sculptures, sets, and costumes made by artists and other people who lived and worked in Rijeka.
The music collection holds music boxes, phonographs, gramophones, and musical instruments.
The theatre and film collection holds posters of operas, ballets, and plays performed at the Ivan Zajc Croatian National Theatre, and posters of films shown in Rijeka.
The philately collection comprises issues of stamps related to or that contain motifs of Rijeka from 1819 to the present.
The collection of photographs comprises original photographs, negatives, slides, photo albums, and postcards from the 19th and 20th centuries.
The technical collection holds items that attest to the technical, scientific, and economic achievements of Rijeka, a city with a rich industrial heritage (the torpedo factory, the paper factory and the oil refinery).
art, music
art, skulptura, painting
historical, technical
documentary, historical, printed material, cultural-historical
archival, documentary, memorial, historical
philatelic, historical
documentary, historical, art, photographic, cultural-historical
art, cultural-historical
numismatics, historical, cultural-historical
documentary, cultural-historical
documentary, historical, printed material
museum education records
professional and scientific activities records
special events records
sound recordings archive
photo archive
press clipping archive
publishing activities records
exhibitions records
media library
video archive


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|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Número de solicitud
|Fecha de publicación
|11 May 2004
|Fecha de presentación
|29 Abr 2003
|Fecha de prioridad
|2 May 2002
|También publicado como
|Número de publicación
|Thorsten Feiweier
|Cesionario original
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (3), Citada por (6), Clasificaciones (5), Eventos legales (4)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed in general to magnetic resonance tomography as employed in medicine for examining patients. The present invention is more specifically directed to a method for the automatic determination of system-specific acoustic or mechanical resonances in an individual manner for each magnetic resonance tomography apparatus. Given knowledge of such resonances, they can be avoided during data acquisition from an examination subject in the MR apparatus by limitations of the system parameters.
2. Description of the Prior Art
MRT is based on the physical phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance and has been successfully utilized for more than 15 years as an imaging method in medicine and in biophysics. In this examination modality, the subject is disposed in a strong, constant magnetic field. As a result, the nuclear spins of the atoms in the subject, which were previously irregularly oriented, are aligned. Radiofrequency waves can then excite these "ordered" nuclear spins to a precessional movement. This precession generates the actual measured signal in MRT that is picked up with suitable reception coils. The measured subject can be spatially encoded in all three spatial directions by utilizing non-homogeneous magnetic fields generated respectively by gradient coils.
In one method for generating MRT images, a slice, for example in the z-direction of a Cartesian coordinate system, is first selectively excited. The encoding of the location information in the slice ensues combined phase and frequency encoding with two orthogonal gradient fields that, in the example of a slice excited in the z-direction, are generated in the x-direction and the y-direction by the aforementioned gradient coils. The imaging sequence is repeated N times for different values of the phase encoding gradient, for example Gx, and the magnetic resonance signal is digitized and stored N times in each sequence execution in the presence of the readout gradient Gy. A number matrix (matrix in k-space) with N×N data points is obtained in this way. An MR image of the observed slice having a resolution of N×N pixels can be directly reconstructed from this dataset by means of a two-dimensional Fourier transformation.
The method allows a free selection of the slice to be imaged, so that tomograms of the human body can be acquired in all directions. As a "non-invasive" examination method, MRT is distinguished first and foremost as a tomographic method in medical diagnostics by a versatile contrast capability. Due to the excellent presentation of the soft tissue, MRT has developed into a method that is often superior to X-ray computed tomography (CT). MRT is currently based on the application of spin echo sequences and gradient echo sequences that enable an excellent image quality with measuring times in the range of seconds through minutes.
Constant technical improvements of the components of MRT devices and the introduction of fast imaging sequences have created an increasing number of medical applications for MRT. Real-time imaging for supporting minimally invasive surgery, functional imaging in neurology and perfusion measurement in cardiology are examples.
The basic structure of one of the components of such an MRT apparatus is shown in FIG. 9. This component includes superconducting basic field magnet 1 (for example, an axial superconducting magnet with active stray field shielding) that generates a homogeneous basic magnetic field in an interior space. The inside of the superconducting basic field magnet 1 is composed of coils situated in liquid helium. The basic field magnet is surrounded by a double shell cryostat (not shown) that is usually composed of stainless steel. The inner shell that contains the liquid helium and also partly serves as a winding body for the magnet coils is suspended at the outer shell via poorly thermally conductive rods, the outer shell being at room temperature. A vacuum exists between the inner and outer shells. The inner and outer shells are referred to as magnet vessel.
The cylindrical gradient coil 2 is concentrically introduced into the inside of a carrying tube in the interior of the basic field magnet 1 by means of carrier elements 7. The carrying tube is outwardly limited by an outer shell 8 and inwardly limited by an inner shell 9.
The gradient coil 2 has partial windings that respectively generates gradient fields that are proportional to the impressed current and are spatially perpendicular to one another. As shown in FIG. 10, the gradient coil 2 has an x-coil 3, a y-coil 4 and a z-coil 5 that are respectively wound around the coil core 6 and thus generate respective gradient fields in the direction of the Cartesian coordinates x, y and z. Each of these gradient coils 3, 4 and 5 is equipped with its own power supply in order to generate independent current pulses with correct amplitude and at the proper time in conformity with the sequence programmed in the pulse sequence controller.
The radio-frequency resonator (RF coil or antenna; not shown in FIGS. 4 and 5) is situated inside the gradient coil 2. It converts the RF pulses supplied from a power transmitter into an electromagnetic alternating field and subsequently converts the alternating field emitted by the precessing nuclear moment into a voltage supplied to the reception branch.
Since the gradient switching times should be as short as possible, gradient rise rates on the order of magnitude of a few 10 mT/m are necessary. In an extremely strong magnetic field like that generated by the basic field magnet 1 (typically between 0.2 and 1.5 Tesla), strong Lorentz forces occur given such switching events. All system components (housing, covers, shell of the basic field magnet, RF body coil, etc.) that are mechanically coupled to the gradient system move (vibrate) due to the influence of these forces.
Since the gradient coil is almost always surrounded by conductive structures (for example, magnet vessel of stainless steel), the pulsed fields create eddy currents in them that, due to interaction with the basic magnetic field, exert forces on these structures and likewise cause them to move. It is standard in many imaging methods to employ periodically repeated gradient pulses, thereby causing a forced mechanical oscillation of the system to occur. If excitation occurs with periods/frequencies that correspond exactly to one of the natural resonant frequencies that every mechanical system has, resonant amplification of the oscillation (resonance step-up) occurs and the motion amplitudes increase noticeably.
These resonant oscillations of the various MRT apparatus components have a negative influence on the MRT system in many respects:
1. Strong air-borne sound (noise) is generated that represents a nuisance to the patient, the operating personnel and other persons close to the MRT apparatus.
2. The vibrations of the gradient coil as well as of the basic field magnet and their transmission to the RF resonator and the patient bed in the interior of the basic field magnet and the gradient coil contribute to an inadequate clinical image quality that can even lead to misdiagnoses (for example, in functional imaging, fMRI).
3. When the oscillations of the outer shell are transmitted via the poorly thermally conducting rods to the inner shell, or when the superconductor itself is excited to oscillate, then an increased helium evaporation occurs in the inside of the shell, so that an correspondingly greater amount of liquid helium must be replenished, leading to higher costs.
4. High costs also arise due to the necessity of installing a vibration-damping system (similar to an optical table) in order to suppress transmission of the oscillations to the floor.
The excitation of these mechanical or acoustic resonances is dependent on the parameters that define the imaging sequences and including the switching of the gradient pulses. Parameters that excite the gradient-induced mechanical oscillations are, for example, the repetition time TR given fast gradient echo sequences or the echo-echo spacing given echo-planar imaging (EPI sequences).
If these dependencies are known, the parameter set that defines the imaging sequences can be limited to such an extent that an excitation of mechanical resonances no longer occurs given periodic switching of the gradients.
The problem faced by those in the field of MR system design is to measure the dependency of resonance ranges with respect to various sequence parameters.
Conventionally, sound level and helium evaporation rate, for example, are directly determined with suitable measuring instruments as a function of the frequency of a sinusoidal gradient pulse train. Measurements of acoustic pressure and evaporations are manually examined for existing resonance locations and, when these are noted, the software of the system computer is informed of their position (referred to as "center frequency") as well as their width.
Special measuring instruments such as, for example, microphones with appropriate electronics as well as sensitive gas flow meters are required for such a procedure and these are not included in the standard equipment of an MR tomography apparatus—if only for reasons of cost. For this reason, such measurements are very complicated and are done only for a few representative units of each model series. This has the disadvantage that manufacturing tolerances or local peculiarities, as a result of which devices in the same model series may differ, lead to shifts of the center frequency or to a variation of the bandwidth, which is in turn expressed in an increased noise emission and an increased helium evaporation rate. Moreover, the image quality is degraded—as mentioned above.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method with which the sequence parameter-dependency of the resonances can be determined in a simpler way, and wherein this determination can be made for every MRT apparatus.
This object is inventively achieved in accordance with the invention in method for determining acoustic resonances in a magnetic resonance tomography system including the steps of implementing a resonance measurement by applying a number of alternating gradient pulses that have a fixed time spacing relative to one another, and applying an excitation pulse and obtaining one or a plurality of MR signals, evaluating the MR signal of the resonance measurement with reference to at least one parameter characterizing the acoustic resonance of the MRT system, repeating the aforementioned steps with variation of the time spacing of the gradient pulses, forming a resonance curve on the basis of the value of the characteristic parameter of the resonance measurement as function of the varied time spacing, and determining the resonance or resonances of the MRT system from the resonance curve.
In order to suppress additional effects that likewise influence the resonant behavior of the characteristic parameter, the resonance measurement can be associated with a non-resonance exciting reference measurement in an embodiment of the invention. Such a reference measurement is meaningful but not compulsory.
For example, the determination of the resonances can in accordance with the invention ensue automatically by means of suitable software.
In the case of a resonance measurement with reference measurement, it is advantageous to apply the two alternating gradient pulses of the reference measurement and the alternating gradient pulses of the resonance measurement to the same gradient coil axis of the MRT system.
Likewise, the shape of the gradient pulses of the reference measurement is advantageously identical to the shape of the gradient pulses of the resonance measurement.
Advantageously, the excitation pulse in the resonance measurement is only emitted in after a number of gradient pulses. In the case of a resonance of the MRT system, a mechanical excitation of natural oscillations is thereby enabled.
In a version of the inventive method employing a reference measurement, the measurement of the MR reference signal as well as the measurement of the MR signal in the resonance measurement ensues immediately after the excitation pulse.
The parameters characterizing an acoustic resonance of the MRT system of this version can be amplitude, frequency or phase of the MR reference signal or frequency or phase of the resonance signal.
In a further version of the inventive method employing a reference measurement, the respective gradient pulse trains in the reference measurement and in the resonance measurement extend beyond the point in time of the excitation. Additionally, the measurement of the MR reference signal as well as the measurement of the MR signal in the resonance measurement ensue during the further gradient pulse.
The parameters characterizing an acoustic resonance of the MRT of this further version embodiment can be amplitude, frequency, phase or echo time or time interval between the excitation pulse and the occurrence of the echo maximum of the MR reference signal, or of the resonance signal.
In a third version of the inventive method employing a reference measurement, the reference measurement and the resonance measurement are initiated by the same excitation pulse, by the reference measurement ensuing after the emission of the excitation pulse and the resonance measurement following immediately thereafter.
The method is implemented for each gradient coil of the gradient system present in the MRT apparatus.
Another method for determining acoustic resonance in a magnetic resonance tomography system is in accordance with the invention includes the steps of implementing a resonance measurement by applying an excitation pulse and a number of alternating gradient pulses that have the same time spacing, and obtaining a number of MR signals, filling the k-space matrix with the obtained MR signals and transforming the matrix into the image domain, repeating the aforementioned steps with variation of the time spacing of the gradient pulse, forming a resonance curve in which the intensity of image artifacts occurring in a defined region of the image is entered as a function of the varied time spacing, and determining the resonance or resonances of the MRT system from the resonance curve.
Here, as well, the determination of the resonance(s) can inventively ensue, for example, automatically by means of suitable software.
It is again advantageous to implement a reference measurement in addition to the actual resonance measurement by applying two gradient pulses alternating in operational sign following the excitation pulse and before the gradient pulses of the resonance measurement, that have the same fixed time spacing relative to one another as do the gradient pulses of the following resonance measurement, and obtaining one or more magnetic resonance reference signals.
It is likewise advantageous to apply the two alternating gradient pulses of the reference measurement and the alternating gradient pulses of the resonance measurement to the same gradient coil of the MRT system.
The shape of the gradient pulses of the reference measurement should likewise be identical to the shape of the gradient pulses of the resonance measurement.
Advantageously, the reference measurement and the resonance measurement are initiated by the same excitation pulse by the reference measurement ensuing after the application of the excitation pulse and the resonance measurement following immediately thereafter. Both measurements (reference and resonance measurement) thus can be integrated in one measuring event.
In order to assure a uniform filling of the k-space matrix, short phase encoding gradient pulses are respectively activated between the alternating gradient pulses of the resonance measurement.
It is again advantageous to implement this further embodiment of the inventive method for each gradient coil in the MRT system.
The above object also is achieved in accordance with the invention in a magnetic resonance tomography apparatus that is suitable for the implementation any of the above-described methods and variation thereof.
The inventive method has the advantage that it can be implemented within the scope of a system adjustment (during the course of building, maintaining and/or modifying the MRT system) and the resonant behavior of the MRT system that varies over longer time spans thus can be determined in the framework of, for example, a service call.
FIG. 1A is a schematic section through the gradient coil of an MRT apparatus in the z-direction with a subject situated therein.
FIG. 1B shows a simplified diagram of the magnetic field of this coil as a function of the location (in the z-direction here).
FIGS. 2A-2D show the principle of a mechanical excitation of the MRT system by alternating gradient pulses—rectangularly shown in idealized fashion with respectively different excitation frequencies.
FIG. 3 shows the difference of a measured FID signal in terms of phase and/or amplitude between a mechanically exciting MRT measurement and a non-exciting reference measurement.
FIG. 4A is a diagram showing that given mechanical resonance the parameter changes associated with this resonance—by comparison to a non-exciting reference measurement—intensify given lasting excitation.
FIG. 4B is a diagram showing that only insignificant parameter changes occur and that these also not intensified given a gradient pulse sequence that does not mechanically excite the MRT system.
FIG. 5 shows the dependency of the parameter or of the parameter change on the excitation frequency of the gradient pulse sequence in the form of a resonance curve.
FIG. 6 shows the difference as to echo time and/or echo frequency and/or phase and/or amplitude between a measured gradient echo signal of a mechanically exciting MRT measurement and a non-exciting reference measurement.
FIG. 7A shows a blipped EPI sequence (echo-planar imaging sequence) with which the entire measurement matrix in k-space is sampled in a serpentine path after a single 90° RF excitation.
FIG. 7B shows a possible phase encoding for a non-blipped EPI sequence with a constant phase encoding gradient adjacent to the readout gradient train.
FIG. 7C shows an investigation of the resonance behavior of the MRT system with a phase encoding entirely foregone.
FIG. 7D shows the serpentine sampling of the measurement matrix in the k-space according to an EPI sequence according to FIG. 7A.
FIG. 8A shows the occurrence of image artifacts in the form of as N/2 ghosts.
FIG. 8B shows the dependency of the intensity of the N/2 ghosts on the excitation frequency of the gradient pulse sequence in the form of a resonance curve.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the basic field magnet of a conventional MRT apparatus.
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the gradient coil system of a conventional MRT apparatus having three gradient sub-coils.
Overall, every magnetic resonance apparatus represents an oscillatable system that, as such, exhibits a considerable number of characteristic frequencies. An excitation of these characteristic frequencies is achieved, for example, by charging a gradient coil with trapezoidal gradient pulses that periodically alternate in operational sign according to the characteristic frequency. The mechanical forces that arise given such switching of a gradient coil can excite components of the MRT system to mechanical oscillations that in turn negatively influence the MRT measurement.
As schematically shown in FIG. 1A, such vibration-susceptible components are, for example:
the gradient coil 13 in the z-direction;
the examination subject 12 to whom the oscillations of the patient bed 11 can be transmitted;
the large-area, metallic cryoshield 14 of the superconducting basic field magnet 1.
Due to movement of the gradient coil 13 with current flowing therein, for example, the magnetic field of the coil itself is varied. This effect is shown in the diagram in FIG. 1B wherein the magnetic field is entered 15 as function of the location—the z-direction in this case. A topical shift of the coil has the effect that the linear curve of the gradient field shifts parallel to the location (broken line 16).
A vibration of the patient bed 11 also is transmitted to the examination subject 12 located in the magnetic field, which causes the magnetic field to change at a fixed location in the subject 12.
The large-area, metallic and therefore electrically conductive cryoshield 14 in the inside of the superconducting basic field magnet 1 also can be caused to oscillate due to a resonance of the gradient coils 3, 4, 5, causing eddy currents to be induced that in turn modify the magnetic field. Such eddy currents that influence the magnetic field also can be generated by the temporally varying (pulsed) gradient fields by themselves.
All magnetic field changes induced by oscillations also have a modifying effect on characteristic parameters of the magnetic resonance signal (for example, amplitude, frequency, phase, echo position, etc.) or on the image generated therefrom (for example, in the form of artifacts). The present invention exploits this fact.
The following fundamental procedure is employed in accordance with the invention.
A resonance measurement is undertaken at the MRT system. To that end, the MRT system is first mechanically excited by a sequence of alternating pulses according to FIG. 2A with a first pulse frequency 17 of f1=˝ΔT1.
Second, an MR signal is generated and one or more parameters characterizing this signal (for example, amplitude A, frequency f, phase φ) are determined as a function of the excitation frequency.
Both steps are repeated according to FIGS. 2B, 2C and 2D, with the excitation frequency continuously modified, for example increased (18: f2=˝ΔT2, 19: f3=˝ΔT3, 20: f4=˝ΔT4) and the parameter or parameters of the respective MR signals are determined at the same time. The parameters are entered as function of the excitation frequency. As shown in FIG. 5, a curve arises which represents the resonant behavior of the MRT system. This curve is interpreted in view, for example, of its resonance locations that arise as maximums.
In a simple experiment of such a resonance measurement, it is fundamentally sufficient to observe the respective parameters only in the steady (i.e. resonant) state. It should be noted, however, that other effects could have an influence on these parameters in addition to the oscillation-induced behavior of the parameters characterizing the acoustic resonance of the MRT system. For example, oscillation-induced magnetic field changes (to which, for example, the amplitude A is directly proportional) are additionally influenced by noise fields induced by eddy currents. Since the gradient pulse pattern also changes when sampling the resonance curve, these noise fields also can change, for example, as a function of ΔT, causing an unwanted, additional dependency to be superimposed on the desired mechanical resonance curve (for example, of A).
Such an additional dependency can be eliminated by comparing the resonance measurement to a previously implemented reference measurement using only a few gradient pulses (so that no excitation of resonant oscillations of the MRT apparatus can occur). Such noise fields, for example, are already in their steady state after a few gradient pulses. Their influences thus drops out when considering differences of the parameters between the reference measurement and the resonance measurement.
This fundamental procedure shall now be explained in greater detail on the basis of a first example shown in FIG. 3.
First, a reference measurement is undertaken at the MRT system by emitting a 90° RF pulse (E) after two alternating, for example, trapezoidal gradient excitation pulses (D), and the MR signal in the form of an FID signal (free induction decay signal (F) is read out immediately thereafter. The FID signal of this reference measurement is defined, for example, by its amplitude ARef, its frequency fRef as well as by its phase φRef.
Next, the MRT system is excited by a defined number of gradient pulses (A) of the same nature (same shape and frequency) as in the reference measurement (seven alternating pulses in this example). Only then is a 90° RF pulse (B) emitted, which now generates an FID signal (C) that differs in amplitude, frequency and phase from the FID signal (F) of the reference measurement dependent on the resonant behavior of the MRT system.
A resonance only occurs when the frequency of the applied pulse sequence (A) excites a characteristic oscillation of the MRT system. A number of alternating excitation pulses are needed for this purpose. The resonance measurement is implemented such that the resonance occurring at a resonant excitation frequency of the gradient pulses can be measured by the parameters (A, f, φ, etc.) being observed.
The reference measurement itself is unsuited for placing the MRT system in oscillation. Even if the frequency of the gradient pulses of the reference measurement coincides with a characteristic frequency of the system, i.e. a resonant frequency is "hit", the low number of pulses is inadequate for generating resonance that is reflected in measurable parameter changes with respect to the MR signal. The reference measurement, however, is needed—as set forth above—for considering the influence of other effects (for example, field changes that derive due to eddy currents induced by the gradients) that likewise change the magnetic field but are not caused by mechanical oscillation.
The fact that the mechanical resonance of an MRT system or its effect intensifies given continuing excitation, i.e. given an increasing number of the exciting gradient pulses, is illustrated in FIG. 4A.
In FIGS. 4A and 4B, a parameter 22 (for example, amplitude, frequency, phase, etc.) describing the MR signal is entered as a function of the number of applied gradient pulses, with the frequency of the applied gradient pulse train in FIG. 4A being suitable for placing the MRT system into mechanical resonance. The broken line 21 shows the magnitude of the corresponding parameter of a non-resonant reference measurement. It can be clearly seen that, given resonant excitation of the MRT system, the deviation 23 of the respective parameter value from the parameter value of the reference measurement (ΔA=ARef−ARes, Δf=fRef−fRes, Δφ=φRef−φRes) becomes greater given an increasing number of applied gradient pulses. In FIG. 4B, wherein the frequency of the gradient pulse train does not generate resonance, virtually no deviation of the parameter value of the MR signal, measured after long excitation, from the parameter value of the MR signal of the reference measurement is present, even after a longer excitation of the MRT systems with a high number of gradient pulses.
In order to be able to translate a change of the magnetic field produced due to a resonance into a notable change of the MR signal (for example, the amplitude, frequency or phase thereof), a greater number of excitation pulses is required. When the respective parameter (A, f, φ) or the respective parameter change 23 (ΔA=ARef−A, Δf=fRef−f, Δφ=φRef−φ) is entered as function of the frequency of the excitation gradient pulse train ˝ΔT, then a resonance curve is obtained according to FIG. 5. The maximums of this curve (ΔTRes) represent the resonant locations of the MRT system.
In practical terms this means the frequency range of a gradient pulse train in later, actual MRT measurements should be limited so that, for example in the case of FIG. 5, it does not contain frequencies in the interval [ΔTres−ε; ΔTres+ε]. Inventively, the system computer of the MRT system is informed of all resonance intervals. The system computer then does not permit measurements to be carried out with a gradient pulse sequence that comprises a frequency lying in one of these intervals.
It should be noted that the analysis of the resonance curves could ensue automatically using suitable software. For example, the software seeks the maximum of the curve (resonant frequency) above a defined threshold and seeks the two points of lower and higher frequency at which the curve has dropped to half this maximum value (bandwidth). The identification of more than one resonant location can likewise be automated. Alternatively, the type-specific frequency or frequencies and bandwidth or bandwidths can be prescribed (in order to have good start values for the search for the resonance or resonances) and the system-specific value or values are determined proceeding therefrom.
FIG. 6 shows a second example of an inventive method, wherein a reference measurement (J) (K) (L) is likewise first undertaken at the MRT system with a 90° RF pulse emitted in (K) after two alternating, for example trapezoidal gradient excitation pulses (J1), but the MR signal in the form of a gradient echo signal is only read out (L) after the alternating readout pulses (J2).
In addition to being defined by its amplitude ARef, its frequency fRef and its phase φRef, the gradient echo signal of this reference measurement is likewise defined by its echo time TRef Echo.
Next, the MRT system is excited (G) by a defined number (eight alternating pulses in this example) of gradient pulses of the same nature as in the reference measurement (G1) and a 90° RF pulse (H) is subsequently emitted. After two readout gradient pulses (G2), a gradient echo signal (I) is obtained that, given the occurrence of resonance of the MRT system due to the applied pulse sequence, can likewise be distinguished from the gradient echo signal of the reference measurement in view of its echo time TRef Echo in addition to amplitude, frequency and phase:
(All parameters characterizing the MR signal need not simultaneously exhibit a resonant behavior.)
Accordingly, resonances of the MRT system also can be determined by entering ΔTEcho as a function of the gradient pulse train frequency and by identifying the maximums of this curve.
FIG. 7A shows a third example wherein a sequence is referred to as a "blipped EPI sequence" (blipped echo-planar imaging) is implemented in the section designated as "image". A number of phase-encoded echoes are employed for filling the raw data matrix 27 in k-space. The sampling path of the raw data matrix 27 in k-space is shown in FIG. 7D. Multiple gradient echoes are generated (P2) after a 90° excitation pulse (O). The phase encoding (N1) ensues via small gradient pulses (referred to as blips) respectively between the alternating frequency encoding exemplary readout gradients (M2). Initially, thus, a single excitation (O) is implemented and all data are subsequently recorded in a conventional gradient echo technique according to the trajectory shown in FIG. 7D.
With a blipped EPI sequence according to the example of FIG. 7A, it is possible to identify resonant locations of the MRT system.
Given sampling of a k-space according to FIG. 7D by means of an EPI sequence according to FIG. 7A, even the slightest asymmetries between the positive and negative gradient amplitudes lead to a non-uniform filling of the k-matrix, which is expressed in the form of image artifacts after the Fourier transformation. Given an EPI sequence, this leads to the occurrence of artifacts referred to as N/2 ghosts 25, i.e. a ghost image according to FIG. 8A that is shifted by exactly half the image lines in the direction of the phase coding. The intensity of the N/2 ghost 25 of an EPI sequence is especially pronounced in the proximity of acoustic resonances of the MRT system, for example which reason the intensity 26 of the N/2 ghost 25 of an EPI sequence—dependent on the period duration ΔT of the gradient pulse train—yields an interpretable resonance curve according to FIG. 8B.
The resonance curve of the N/2 ghost intensity in the EPI imaging according to FIG. 8B differs significantly from the resonance curve of the characteristic quantities (amplitude, frequency or phase) of an MR signal as shown, for example, in FIG. 5. The difference is that the N/2 ghost intensity exhibits a minimum 24 at the resonant frequency ωres or at the time spacing of the gradient pulse ΔTres that generates the resonance. Maximums of the N/2 ghost intensity are situated at both sides of the resonant location, these characterizing the transition between the resonant condition and the non-resonant condition of the system. The characteristic of the N/2 ghost resonance curve is established by the type of data processing and need not be explained in greater detail.
It should be noted that a non-blipped EPI imaging—wherein a constant phase encoding gradient is present during the readout gradient train according to FIG. 7B—is also suited for the above resonance determination method. The same is also true of a segmented EPI method (not shown) wherein k-space is not covered in one step but, for example, in 2, 3 . . . steps, i.e., for example, the 1st, 4th, 7th, . . . rows in the first step, the 2nd, 5th, 8th, . . . rows in the second step, the 3rd, 6th, . . . rows in the third step, etc. Instead of N/2 ghosts, other kinds of ghosts, which can be utilized for resonance analysis in exactly the same way, occur in the case of a segmented EPI imaging.
In order to determine the resonance behavior of an MRT system from the aforementioned characteristic MR signal data (such as amplitude, frequency, phase) on the basis of an EPI sequence, a phase encoding must be foregone according to FIG. 7C for various reasons. This case cannot really be termed EPI imaging, since a true image does not arise from the Fourier-transformed time signals because of the absence of phase coding. Nonetheless, resonances can be determined in the following way merely by studying the central k-space row.
As shown in FIG. 7A, two reference gradient pulses are activated (M1) between the 90° excitation pulse (O) and the gradient pulse sequence (M2) referred to as "image", the time spacing ΔT of these two reference gradient pulses M2) corresponding to the time spacing of the gradient pulses of the EPI sequence (M1). When comparing, in particular, the phase of the echo maximum under the positive reference pulse (I) to the phases of the echo maximums under the positive EPI gradient pulses (I1, I2, I3, . . . ), large differences will be found in the case of a resonance of the MRT system. The same is true when comparing, in particular, the phase of the echo maximum under the negative reference gradient pulses (II) to the phases of the echo maximums under the negative EPI gradient pulses (II1, II2, II3, . . . ). By varying ΔT, i.e. the temporal sequence of the gradient pulses M1), M2), a resonance curve that can be interpreted in terms of its resonant locations in the form of maximums can again be obtained.
Overall, frequencies in ranges up to a few kilohertz, where the dominant resonances lie for many MRT systems, can be covered with the two versions (EPI sequence with or without phase encoding). The exact numerical values are dependent on system parameters such as, for example, gradient amplitude and slew rate (rise or decay rate of the gradient pulse that is usually not exactly rectangular, but trapezoidal).
The resonance curve that is interpreted according to one of the aforementioned methods (EPI sequence with or without phase encoding) preferably is implemented for every gradient coil of the gradient system of the MRT apparatus. In this way, only measurements based on sequences (gradient pulse) that contain none of these resonant frequencies are implemented with the MRT apparatus.
Although modifications and changes may be suggested by those skilled in the art, it is the intention of the inventor to embody within the patent warranted hereon all changes and modifications as reasonably and properly come within the scope of his contribution to the art.
|Patente citada
|Fecha de presentación
|Fecha de publicación
|8 Mar 2000
|22 May 2001
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Method for the operation of a magnetic resonance tomography device
|28 Ene 2000
|18 Jun 2002
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Method for the operation of a magnetic resonance tomography apparatus, magnetic resonance tomography apparatus for the implementation of the method and method for designing a magnetic resonance tomography apparatus
|11 Jun 1999
|17 Sep 2002
|General Electric Company
|Quiet mode magnetic resonance imaging system and method
|Patente citante
|Fecha de presentación
|Fecha de publicación
|31 Ago 2010
|Regents Of The University Of Minnesota
|Method for magnetic resonance imaging
|16 Ago 2010
|6 Dic 2011
|Regents Of The University Of Minnesota
|Method for magnetic resonance imaging using sequential excitation and refocusing
|23 Oct 2007
|9 Sep 2014
|The General Hospital Corporation
|Selective MR imaging of segmented anatomy
|23 Oct 2007
|1 May 2008
|Andre Van Der Kouwe
|Selective MR imaging of segmented anatomy
|31 Oct 2007
|28 Ago 2008
|Ryan Chamberlain
|Method for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
|16 Ago 2010
|24 Mar 2011
|Regents Of The University Of Minnesota
|Method for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
|Clasificación de EE.UU.
|324/309, 324/307
|Clasificación internacional
|Clasificación cooperativa
|Clasificación europea
|29 Abr 2003
Owner name: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FEIWEIER, THORSTEN;REEL/FRAME:014024/0204
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By Anthony Todd
When you hear a new bar described as a "punk rock-inspired piano saloon," even jaded cynics perk up to wonder, "What the…?"
Tack Room, the latest addition to Pilsen's Thalia Hall development, has everything to make a Derby fan go wild—hand-picked bourbon, leather saddles and mint juleps—and enough Southern charm to appease anyone north or south of the Mason-Dixon Line. But the Derby is just a once-a-year party, and Tack Room intends to keep the energy going year round. Read the rest of this entry »


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Lot 483 View Catalog
Few hundred stamps, unused and used, in some cases dual with both regular and back of the book issues on stock pages incl. dual 11-14, Used 15-26, dual 27-29, dual 61-71,81-92,used 278-281, unused B11-B14, dual B15-B26, unused B28, C1-C9 mostly unused, used C10-C13, no souvenir sheets. Generally F-VF or better and hand selected for quality. 2012 SCV.$850+
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Saugatuck Off The Beaten Path Tips by deecat Top 5 Page for this destination
Saugatuck Off The Beaten Path: 4 reviews and 11 photos
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Parrot In the Square
One of the shops that Mickey and I enjoyed viewing, mostly because of the lovely garden in front of the store was called Parrot in the Square. We were in awe of the flowers, the garden setting, and the fantastic merchandise of clothing for women as well as accessories.
As a lover of flowers and gardens, I was enthralled with this lovely space in front of this woman's store. We questioned the sales person and she told us a little about the garden and how this was the best year for the flowers [probably because of the unusually cool weather].
1. The entrance to Parrot in the Square Shop
2. Mickey posing in the garden
3. Huge and perfectly shaped Mum plant.
4. Dee in the Parrot in the Square garden entrance
The clothing in the store was extremely beautiful and quite expensive, but our real interest was with the decor outside.
Phone: (261) 857-8085
Dee Enjoying Douglas, Michigan
Just across the Kalamazoo River from Saugatuck, you are able to enjoy Douglas, Michigan. It has an historic main street with Early American style homes, absolutely lovely shops, and a sweet town clock. There is a very small marina and dock at the park on the river. The town is named after Stephen A. Douglas, American statesman, and incorporated as a village in 1970; however, settlers came here in 1951.
Douglas was a "lumber village" and a port for schooners and steamships that carried lumber and other supplies to Chicago and the rest of the Great Lakes area. Known at one time for its baseball team and its basket factory; today, Douglas thrives on tourism. It consists of restored houses, beautiful shops, some quaint restaurants, an old schoolhouse [the oldest in Michigan], and an idyllic atmosphere.
1. This bronze sculpture of children adds such beauty to the small park on the main street.
2. Mickey took this photo of me in front of one of lovely shops which has a gorgeous little garden.
3. The town sported Autumn banners which made for a festive atmosphere.
Mickey and I agreed that the most elegant and lovely shops during our 3-day trip to South Haven, Saugatuck, and Douglas were found in this small village called Douglas.
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A group of Oregon petitioners attempting to derail the Columbia River Crossing with a legal challenge will make their case before the Oregon Land Use Board of Appeals on Thursday.
The appeal specifically challenges an August decision by Metro to approve a Land Use Final Order, effectively giving its go-ahead to light rail and freeway improvements on the Oregon side of the Columbia River. The more than $3 billion project would build a new Interstate 5 bridge between Washington and Oregon, and extend light rail into Vancouver.
The petitioners argue that Oregon's Land Use Final Order law was tailored in the 1990s for a specific light-rail proposal, and never meant to apply to a project as broad as the CRC.
Metro contends the law's reach is much wider than that. Senior attorney Richard Benner, who will represent the Portland area regional government during the Thursday hearing, called its language "very, very broad" and said it doesn't contain any such limitations.
The land use law has since been applied to other light-rail expansions in the Portland area. Benner noted past light-rail projects have dovetailed with work on nearby freeways.
"The history, the precedent of these projects is to have highway improvements with them," Benner said. He dismissed the notion that the CRC needs to be classified as one or the other.
"You really shouldn't be thinking of this as a light-rail project or a highway project," he said. "It's a transportation project that addresses a transportation problem."
Opponents jointly listed in the appeal — Weber Coastal Bells, the Northeast Coalition of Neighborhoods, Plaid Pantries and Jantzen/Angel LLC — also cite neighborhood impacts they say haven't been properly addressed. The original challenge was filed Aug. 25.
The Northwest Coalition of Neighborhoods, which represents a dozen neighborhoods in North and Northeast Portland, joined forces with the Portland-based Coalition for a Livable Future in its challenge, according to both organizations. Both take issue with the CRC planning process so far.
"Not all the alternatives were equally vetted when the I-5 replacement bridge was planned," said George Bruender, co-chair of the neighborhood coalition's land use and transportation committee. "The decision was made even before the so-called public input had all been received."
Bruender also pointed to increased traffic and pollution impacts he feels the CRC will bring to many Portland neighborhoods. Among the most vocal has been Hayden Island, which is not represented by the coalition.
The Metro Council approved the Land Use Final Order during its Aug. 11 meeting. The 6-1 vote followed hours of often impassioned public testimony mostly opposed to the project — much of it from Hayden Island residents.
Metro has taken every step required to identify those impacts and look at ways to limit them, Benner said.
Bruender acknowledged that something needs to happen for the Northwest's main transit artery to function more smoothly. But he'd like to see the CRC process take a few steps back and more thoroughly address those concerns, he said.
"We're not opposed to solving the problem of how to get across the Columbia River," Bruender said. "We just don't see that this is the right project that's actually going to do that."
The hearing is set for 9 a.m. Thursday at 550 Capitol St. N.E. in Salem, Ore., with a final opinion due from the appeals board by Oct. 27. That decision can then be appealed directly to the Oregon Supreme Court.
Eric Florip: 360-735-4541 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Goodbye December is an upcoming romantic, musical love story directed by Sajeed A. Sajeed A is creative director / producer of various hit MTV shows like MTV Girls Night Out, MTV Bakra,and many more… And this film is produced by Lucsam creations, known for their Salt n Pepper and recent Nidra.
Sajeed's directorial debut in films was the short film, Buddha Never Smiled, which went around internationally and got him the India Vision Best Debut Director (Short film)award.MTV Girls Night Out, India's first horror reality show which was directed by him won the Best Reality Show in Asian Television Awards, Singapore, 2011 for its perfect execution and uniqueness. And he direct / Produce MTV's most popular shows like Fully Faltoo, Most Wanted, LoveLine, VJ Profiles, Eat This, Dance Crew etc.. Let's wait for this talented director's upcoming Movie – Goodbye December.
The film also marks the debut of The Shillong Chamber Choir who will be singing, composing the songs and even doing the background score for the film. Vinu Thomas is also doing scoring for the film.
The cast of the film includes talented Asif Ali, who had some great performances in Salt n Pepper, Ritu, Apoorva Ragam , Katha Thudarunnu, Traffic will be looking forward to strike big with this movie, as his latest films Unnam and Asuravithu did not do well. Already he is getting some meaty roles only because of his talent. Eagerly waiting to get more from this talented actor.
The movie has also witness the debut of the Miss India Universe – I am she, Ushoshi Sengupta. According to her she is so exited and she did find some similarities in Bengal and Kerala. she says,Films seemed to be the perfect, logical progression in the career graph of a model. And for someone who "sleeps, drinks and eats movies", the offer was a dream come true. "Malayalam films are known for the strength of their plots. And I knew I would be able to explore my acting skills here," says the rookie who has bagged a Bollywood film, too. She was spotted during a MTV audition in Mumbai.
Another model / actress will be debuting in Malayalam film is Miss Andhra 2008, Nandini Rai playing a naughty teacher. After a stint in Bollywood with Login and 4 Telugu films like hormones, Nandini seems upbeat about her Malayalam debut. "The best thing about the Malayalam film industry is that there are a lot of movies here which gives importance to female characters. That's a welcome change from industries wherein the focus is entirely on the hero."
Recently in Kochi, held an audition for some new faces for this movie. According to director Sajeed, one day he would love to do a film like Chemmeen.
Another important news is that, the song Madi Madi by Shillong Chamber Choir is already out in the you tube (Studio Version), and a huge hit. This is the first Malayalam film aired in BBC, and only the second South Indian song after "Kolavari Di".
Song :madi madi – the madi song for lazy boys & lazy girls [Thanks Lucsam Creations, Times Of India, The Hindu]


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Reproduction guidelines What you need to know before ordering reproductions of materials from our collections.
Digital or photographic reproductions We can provide digital reproductions of photographs, maps, and posters, as well as photographic prints made from original photos or negatives.
Audio or video We can make copies of audio or video, such as oral histories or legislative recordings.
Maps We can reproduce maps and large documents on paper.
Publishing reproductions from our collections Guidelines for publishing reproductions of items from our collections, including associated fees.
© Montana Historical Society. All rights reserved.
225 North Roberts, P.O. Box 201201, Helena, MT 59620-1201, 406-444-2694, 406-444-2696 (fax)


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A really simple question: how can I put meta tags to pages?
I have all-in-one SEO plugin which works well for posts, but what about pages? How to put a meta keywords for example?
A really simple question: how can I put meta tags to pages?
I have all-in-one SEO plugin which works well for posts, but what about pages? How to put a meta keywords for example?
All in One SEO works with pages also. Check beneath the editing space. You will find the section for All in One
I don't see it. When I edit a page, there is no place to put the meta.
For articles, it is easy: meta keywords are tags, but there are no tags for pages... Am I missing something?
Meta-tags are something completely different than what WordPress calls tags. A meta tag is a line of code in the header of a web page file that is a directive to the web browser. They are not seen on your webpage.
Here is a random page I found using Google that explains what meta-tags are http://searchenginewatch.com/2167931
Tags in WP are ways of assigning classifications to a post. Pages in WP do not have tags or categories - those are assigned to posts. However pages can have parents and children, creating a hierarchy.
Pages in WP CAN have meta-tags, and you can assign them through All in One SEO. One common use of metatags is to assign "key words" to a web page, and a description to the overall webpage.
@stvwlf: Thanks for the information.. But I am still not sure how to do the trick. I simply want to have different meta information in header depending of the page displayed. How can I do this if WP pages do not have tags?
You say that I can assign meta-tags to pages with A-I-O plugin, but I don't see where I can do this.
@baal666: Unfortunately, we can't post images in comments, but try adding a new page and then scroll down to the bottom of the Add New Page entry screen. You should see a grey band with the title "All in One SEO Pack". Click on it to expand it and you should see a box with fields for: Title. Description, Keywords and a checkbox for "Disable on this post/page".
If you are looking at editing a previously published page, you should see the "All in One SEO Pack" bar after the Page Revisions section.
By filling in the Title, Description and keywords fields in the All In One SEO Pack section and saving the changes, you page should have the appropriate meta headers when you View Source while looking at the page in your browser.
I hope this helps!
OMG I feel bad... I didn't see that little grey bar at the bottom of the page. It seems all I have to do is add the correct meta information there. Thanks a lot nellcooper! :)
This topic has been closed to new replies.


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Market pictures...
Town Market in Ribe
Town Market
- Market day and flea market on Skibbroen.
Do a good deal every Wednesday on Skibbroen from 6. May – 2. September 2015.
Experience the atmosphere, meet the local tradesman and have the chance to buy special- and unusual things.
Childrens Flea Market
At the square by the cathedral the children have their private market.
Town market
Skibbroen - by the river
Every Wednesday from 6/5 - 2/9 plus 14/10 2015.
8 a.m. - 3 p.m.
The market is booked up for the season 2015. Furhter information please
contact Ribe Turistbureau.
Childrens flea market
The Square by the cathedral
Every Wednesday from 1/7 - 5/8 2015.
8 a.m. - 3 p.m.
If you wish to participate you need to buy a ticket - please contact VisitRibe.
Price DKK 50,- incl. a table 220x70


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More New and Used
from Private Sellers
Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.
Billy Joel: The Life and Times of an Angry Young Man Revised and Updated
ISBN13:by Bordowitz, Hank
Hal Leonard Corp
Angry Young Man is a look at the superstar's entire career, including his troubled youth as a gang member; the controversy surrounding his first hit, "Captain Jack"; his legal problems; his storied marriage with Christie Brinkley; and his continued artistic frustration. "The Beatles did 'Michelle' and 'Yesterday,'" he has said. "They also did 'Revolution' and 'Helter Skelter' and they weren't pegged as balladeers. But because I had hit singles that were ballads, I became known as a balladeer. I've always resented it." Joel - one of the top ten touring takes of the decade - has continued his standing road date with Elton John on the never-ending Two Pianos tour. It was one of the world's top-grossing tours in 2009, just behind U2 and Bruce Springsteen.
Author Biography
Hank Bordowitz is the international bestselling author of eight books on music, including biographies of three other Rock and Roll Hall of Famers-Creedence Clearwater Revival, Bob Marley, and Bruce Springsteen-and soon-to-be Hall of Famers U2. He lives and works in Ridgewood, New Jersey.
Table of Contents
|p. V
|Foreword: Stranded in the Combat Zone
|p. VI
|p. X
|And Never Saw his Father Anymore
|p. 1
|Children Lived in Levittown
|p. 7
|You Might Have Heard I Run with a Dangerous Crowd
|p. 12
|There's a New Band in Town
|p. 23
|We All Fall in Love, But we Disregard the Danger
|p. 34
|So Much to do and Only so Many Hours in a Day
|p. 41
|The Things I Did not Know at First I Learned by Doing Twice
|p. 50
|I Bring to You My Songs
|p. 57
|A Good Reputation Laying on the Line
|p. 67
|Sing us a Song, You're the Piano Man
|p. 73
|She's Nobody's Fool
|p. 86
|I Can Finally Find out What I've Been Looking For
|p. 94
|Everybody's All Excited by it
|p. 102
|Doesn't Matter What They Say in the Papers
|p. 126
|I Came Home to a Woman That I Could Not Recognize
|p. 136
|A Fool Who's not Afraid of Rejection
|p. 142
|Made His Move on Christie Lee
|p. 148
|When You're Counting on a Killing, Always Count me in
|p. 156
|Red Flags are Flying
|p. 165
|I Try to Keep Fighting
|p. 177
|So Far She Hasn't Run
|p. 186
|I Give My Time to Total Strangers
|p. 193
|Could I Have Missed the Overture
|p. 201
|Every Drunk Must Have His Drink
|p. 212
|I Saw the Lights go Out on Broadway
|p. 218
|Got a New Wife
|p. 226
|Go Ahead with Your Own Life
|p. 232
|Another Serenader and Another Long-Haired Band
|p. 239
|I'm Trying Just to Get to Second Base
|p. 249
|He Can't Understand why his Heart Always Breaks
|p. 257
|I Can't Tell You More Than I've Told You Already
|p. 274
|That is the Story
|p. 282
|Afterword: I Write My Book and I Have My Say and I Draw Conclusions
|p. 285
|Album Charts
|p. 288
|Billboard 200 Albums
|p. 288
|Top Internet Album Sales
|p. 288
|Top Classical Albums
|p. 288
|Singles & Tracks
|p. 289
|Pop Singles
|p. 289
|The Billboard Hot 100
|p. 289
|Adult Contemporary
|p. 290
|Club Play
|p. 291
|Mainstream Rock Tracks
|p. 291
|Top 40 Mainstream
|p. 291
|Grammy Awards & Nominations
|p. 292
|Other Awards & Honors
|p. 293
|Gold & Platinum Awards
|p. 294
|Platinum Albums
|p. 294
|Platinum Singles
|p. 294
|Gold Singles
|p. 294
|Gold Long-Form Videos
|p. 294
|Platinum Long-Form Video
|p. 294
|p. 295
|p. 306
|p. 326
|Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.


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61 - Jodi Bean's Handjobs Are Legendary
Views: 512 | Added: 4 years agoMoreWatch Video
Jodi Bean has magic hands to make you cum in 10 seconds. Her hands were made for stroking prick. She definitely knows how to please a guy's tool. Jodi Bean can get a wang to spit in less than 3 minutes. Apart from amazing handjobs, Jodi Bean loves wanking on rods. If you enjoy Jodi Bean's handjobs, see her get naked on other Madthumbs videos.
Submitted by: hypetraffic


text:
Hi All,
While referring one C programming book I found one concept known as 'critical section'. I didn't get what does the exact meaning of 'critical section' in C programming. Have you aware about the 'critical section in c'? if yes then please share your knowledge with me so that I can clear my doubts regarding the 'critical section'


text:
Archive for October, 2010
Webinar on Maintaining Control & Perspective in the Daily Grind
The next Webinar on GTD Connect, the online learning center for the David Allen Company, will be "Maintaining Control & Perspective in the Daily Grind." It will be held on Friday, October 15th from 10am-11am Pacific Time. If you feel like your productivity gets hindered by latest and loudest or you don't feel in control […]
GTD Nuggets – Your Lists
Everything on my action lists is for getting done as soon as I can—otherwise they wouldn't be on the list. – David Allen
David Allen shares what Getting Things Done is really about
David Allen was at BizConf 2010 this year. Here's what he had to say to Hashrocket in a drive by interview: [HTML1]
The 5 Keys to GTD
What are the keys to the Getting Things Done approach? Capture everything that has your attention Decide exactly what each item means Organize the results in appropriate places Review & reflect at each horizon Make trusted choices about what to Do New to GTD? Read What is GTD®?


text: Over the past half-century, James Bond has driven a wide variety of vehicles. (Okay, so most of them have been Aston Martins. The point is there's been a lot of them.) And while the occasional former Bond vehicle may pop up at auction every now and then, seeing more than one or two in the same place is a rare occasion indeed.


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The family of the doctor whose signature appears on President Obama's say they were "blown away" and "honored."
HONOLULU — The family of a doctor whose signature appears on President Obama's birth certificate woke up to the news Wednesday that the late obstetrician had delivered Obama.
Relatives of Dr. David Sinclair said they were "blown away" and "honored."
Sinclair had an obstetrics and gynecology practice in Honolulu and delivered babies all over Hawaii when Obama was born in 1961, said his son Karl Sinclair, 55, of Kailua. The doctor died in 2003 at 81.
"What a shocker," said Karl Sinclair, one of six children. "It's amazing. I'm blown away by it, quite honestly."
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Said Dawn Yoshimura-Sinclair, married to another son, Dr. Brian Sinclair, a neuroradiologist: "We can attest to the fact that it is indeed Dad's signature."
Born in Portland, Sinclair's family moved to Hawaii when he was a child. He joined the military after the Pearl Harbor bombing, became a pilot and witnessed so much death that he became a doctor, relatives said.
He later went to the University of Hawaii and attended medical school at the University of California, San Francisco, where he completed his residency.
Sinclair returned to Honolulu with his wife and children in 1960. He delivered babies mostly at what is now known as Kapiolani Medical Center for Women & Children, where Obama was born.
Sinclair's widow, Ivalee, still lives in an English Tudor where the Sinclairs reared their six children. The doctor never spoke about patients, his children said.
"I'm just honored and proud of my father," Karl Sinclair said.
He said he hopes the birth certificate will end the speculation.
"To me," he said, "the birth certificate doesn't lie. I think that should put everything to bed."


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Cars » Tips And Advice
1 thru 10 of 1227 Stories
8 Automakers Recall Over 12M Vehicles for Takata Air Bags
Eight automakers are recalling more than 12 million vehicles in the U.S. to replace Takata air bag inflators that can explode with too much force.
Lowrider Car Culture Takes Summer Spotlight in New Mexico
Those classic cars called lowriders are the focus of a summer celebration in Santa Fe. The spotlight on lowrider culture includes exhibitions at the New Mexico History Museum and the New Mexico Museum of Art.
Ford Recalls 271K Pickups to Fix Brake Fluid Leak
Ford is recalling some of its top-selling vehicles in the U.S. to fix a fluid leak that can reduce braking power.
Detroit Muscle Cars Aren't So Strong in Crash Tests
Muscle cars may look cool, but they don't offer the best protection in a crash.
Fiat Chrysler Recalls 500,000 Jeeps; Air Bags May Not Work
Fiat Chrysler is recalling about a half-million Jeep Wrangler SUVs worldwide because the driver's air bag may not inflate in a crash.
Suzuki Apologizes for Improper Road Tests, Denies Cheating
Japanese automaker Suzuki Motor Corp. apologized Wednesday for improper road tests, but denied reports that it illegally falsified mileage numbers.
The Return of the Road Trip
Grab your sunglasses, a giant cup of coffee and prepare to hit the highway: 2016 is shaping up to be the summer of the road trip.
Singapore Probes Hyundai Cars for Sudden Acceleration
Singapore's Land Transport Authority said Tuesday it is investigating Hyundai vehicles following reports of accidents involving sudden acceleration while reversing.
GM: Pollution Control Changes Caused SUV Mileage Drop
A change in pollution control hardware between model years cut the gas mileage on some General Motors SUVs and forced it to correct the figures on window stickers, the company said Wednesday.
Mitsubishi Motors President to Resign Over Mileage Scandal
Mitsubishi Motors Corp. President Tetsuro Aikawa said Wednesday that he will step down to take responsibility for the mileage cheating scandal unfolding at the Japanese automaker.
1 thru 10 of 1227 Stories


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B-to-B marketers and LinkedIn are seemingly inseparable. So Wednesday's news from Mashable, "LinkedIn's New Facebook-like App Arrives on iOS and Android," was greeted with a bit of excitement.
Jeff Weiner
I approached my employees and asked them how they'd feel if I asked them to revise their profiles and use "brand language" that I provided. For many, they felt the request was invasive, and it indicated that I was too controlling (there's a shocker). But if one of my company's goals is to present a unified brand front in every channel, how much responsibility should an employee take towards supporting that objective?
On Wednesday, LinkedIn made it official: It's in the advertising business. The business-centric social network still reaps the majority of its revenue from recruitment-related products, but that majority should dwindle as LinkedIn blows open its ad platform. That's because the company is rolling out a program for marketing firms to build out tools to manage LinkedIn ad campaigns for brands. An ads API sounds pretty wonky, so let's break down what this news means. Until now, advertisers had to log in to LinkedIn's self-serve platform to run campaigns on the platform, which gives marketers control over their campaigns but doesn't
LinkedIn is sometimes forgotten in the huge shadow of Facebook, but it has managed to carve out a distinct niche as a professional network—and even beat Facebook to public stock status last year. It has also crafted a business model that, unlike many websites, even social networks, doesn't depend chiefly on advertising. In its fourth quarter, its $168 million in revenues included $85 million from hiring solutions, $33 million in premium subscriptions and $50 million in marketing solutions (advertising). Will ads, the slowest-growing part of the business at 77 percent growth from last year, become a bigger part of …


text:
Mobile Site You Are Here > PFR Home > Players > J > Steve Jacobson > News Archive
News: s-r blog:2016 NFL Draft Features
Stephen Dean Jacobson
Position: G
Height: 6-3 Weight: 255 lbs.
Born: November 18, 1962 in Corpus Christi, TX
High School: Ross S. SterlingCollege: Texas A&M, Abilene Christian
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 0 (15060th overall since 1950)
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text:
pleasant smell, rich moisturizing cream but not greasy goes on smoothly even i have normal and combination skin but I don't have any breakout since i used it ( 3rd jar so far) . Highly recommended to those concerned flakey and fine line.
Apply daily to face and throat, AM and/or PM.
This product can be shipped to any country to which SkinStore currently ships.
There are no DOT restrictions on the delivery of this item – you may elect to have this item sent through any of our delivery methods.


text:
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Menswear, Interviews, Relationship Advice and Rants
June 3, 2008
Bessie says
June 3, 2008 at 2:20 pm
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text:
We have an Adams Trail a Bike and are trying to figure out a good solid bike rack that will work on our Subaru Outback. We have a rear, hanging rack right now that doesn't feel very stable - and we can't really lock the bikes well on that. The weight of the Trail a Bike seems very one-sided when it's folded.
I'm not really sure how we'd attach the trail a bike to a top rack. Does anyone have a rack that works well for them and how do you attach the bike to it?
We're hoping to take shorter day trips (for those we could fold the trail a bike and put it in the back) and we could also want to use it on longer weekend trips where the back of the car will be full of other stuff.


text:
Key things you need to know aboutDr. Limonoff:
Dr. Limonoff's Experience
Research training, expertise and qualifications
Dr. Limonoff's Specialties
- Chiropractic
More About Dr. Limonoff's Background
Patient Satisfaction
Patients' feedback on their experience with Dr. Limonoff
Likelihood of recommending Dr. Limonoff to family and friends is 5 out of 5 5 1 1
See More Survey Results
8 Facts About Patient Satisfaction Surveys
Patient satisfaction surveys provide a standardized way of reporting about healthcare experiences. But there can be more than meets the eye when reviewing scores. Here's what you should know
Appointments & Offices
Check insurance plans, locations and make an appointment
- 411 W Lake Lansing Rd Ste A105
- East Lansing, MI 48823
- (517) 336-7711
- Directions
7 Tips to Prepare for Your Appointment
The key to a successful appointment is communication. To get the most out of your visit, prepare ahead of time so you can lead the conversation with your doctor. These 7 tips will get you ready
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