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Summary: Acetoacetate decarboxylase (ADC)
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Acetoacetate decarboxylase Edit Wikipedia article
|Acetoacetate decarboxylase
Acetoacetate decarboxylase dodecamer structure with bound 2-Pentanone bound in its active sites.
|EC number
|CAS number
|IntEnz view
|BRENDA entry
|NiceZyme view
|KEGG entry
|metabolic pathway
|PDB structures
|RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
|Gene Ontology
|AmiGO / EGO
Acetoacetate decarboxylase (AAD or ADC) is an enzyme involved in both the ketone body production pathway in humans and other mammals, and solventogenesis in bacteria. Acetoacetate decarboxylase plays a key role in solvent production by catalyzing the decarboxylation of acetoacetate, yielding acetone and carbon dioxide.[1] This enzyme has been of particular interest because it is a classic example of how pKa values of ionizable groups in the enzyme active site can be significantly perturbed. Specifically, the pKa value of lysine 115 in the active site is unusually low, allowing for the formation of a Schiff base intermediate and catalysis.[2]
|acetoacetic acid
|Acetoacetate decarboxylase
Acetoacetate decarboxylase is an enzyme with major historical implications, specifically in World War I and in establishing the state of Israel.[3] During the war the Allies needed pure acetone as a solvent for nitro-cellulose, a highly flammable compound that is the main component in gunpowder.[4] In 1916, biochemist and future first president of Israel Chaim Weizmann was the first to isolate Clostridium acetobutylicum, a Gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria in which acetoacetate decarboxylase is found. Weizmann was able to harness the organism's ability to yield acetone from starch in order to mass-produce explosives during the war.[3] This led the American and British governments to install the process devised by Chaim Weizmann in several large plants in England, France, Canada, and the United States. Through Weizmann's scientific contributions in World War I, he became close with influential British leaders educating them of his Zionist beliefs.[5] One of them was Arthur Balfour, the man after whom the Balfour Declaration—the first document pronouncing British support in the establishment of a Jewish homeland—was named.
The production of acetone by acetoacetate decarboxylase-containing or clostridial bacteria was utilized in large-scale industrial syntheses in the first half of the twentieth century. In the 1960s, the industry replaced this process with less expensive, more efficient chemical syntheses of acetone from petroleum and petroleum derivatives.[6] However, there has been a growing interest in acetone production that is more environmentally friendly, causing a resurgence in utilizing acetoacetate decarboxylase-containing bacteria.[7] Similarly, isopropanol and butanol fermentation using clostridial species is also becoming popular.
Acetoacetate decarboxylase is a 365 kDa complex with a homododecameric structure.[8] The overall structure consists of antiparallel β-sheets and a central seven-stranded cone-shaped β-barrel. The core of this β-barrel surrounds the active site in each protomer of the enzyme. The active site, consisting of residues such as Phe27, Met97, and Tyr113, is mostly hydrophobic. However, the active site does contain two charged residues: Arg29 and Glu76. Arg29 is thought to play a role in substrate binding, while Glu76 is thought to play a role in the orienting the active site for catalysis. The overall hydrophobic environment of the active site plays a critical role in favoring the neutral amine form of Lys115, a key residue involved in the formation of a Schiff base intermediate. Another important lysine residue, Lys116, is thought to play an important role in the positioning of Lys115 in the active site. Through hydrogen bonds with Ser16 and Met210, Lys116 positions Lys115 in the hydrophobic pocket of the active site to favor the neutral amine form.
Reaction mechanism
Acetoacetate decarboxylase from Clostridium acetobutylicum catalyzes the decarboxylation of acetoacetate to yield acetone and carbon dioxide (Figure 1). The reaction mechanism proceeds via the formation of a Schiff base intermediate, which is covalently attached to lysine 115 in the active site. The first line of support for this mechanism came from a radiolabeling experiment in which researchers labeled the carbonyl group of acetoacetate with 18O and observed that oxygen exchange to water, used as the solvent, is a necessary part of decarboxylation step.[9] These results provided support that the mechanism proceeds through a Schiff base intermediate between the ketoacid and an amino acid residue on the enzyme.
Further research led to the isolation of an active site peptide sequence and identification of the active site lysine, Lys115, that is involved in the formation of the Schiff base intermediate.[2][10] Additionally, later experiments led to the finding that maximum activity of the enzyme occurs at pH 5.95, suggesting that the pKa of the ε-ammonium group of Lys115 is significantly perturbed in the active site.[2] If the pKa were not perturbed downward, the lysine residue would remain protonated as an ammonium cation, making it unreactive for the nucleophilic addition necessary to form the Schiff base.
Building upon this finding, Westheimer et al. directly measured the pKa of Lys115 in the active site using 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde (5-NSA) . Reaction of 5-NSA with acetoacetate decarboxylase and subsequent reduction of the resulting Schiff base with sodium borohydride led to the incorporation of a 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylamino reporter molecule in the active site (Figure 2). Titration of the enzyme with this attached reporter group revealed that the pKa of Lys115 is decreased to 5.9 in the active site.[12] These results were the basis for the proposal that the perturbation in the pKa of Lys115 was due to its proximity to the positively charged ε-ammonium group of Lys116 in the active site.[2] A nearby positive charge could cause unfavorable electrostatic repulsions that weaken the N-H bond of Lys115. Westheimer et al.'s proposal was further supported by site-directed mutagenesis studies. When Lys116 was mutated to cysteine or asparagine, the pKa of Lys115 was found to be significantly elevated to over 9.2, indicating that positively charged Lys116 plays a critical role in determining the pKa of Lys115.[2] Although a crystal structure was not yet solved to provide structural evidence, this proposal was widely accepted and cited as a textbook example of how the active site can be precisely organized to perturb a pKa and affect reactivity.[8]
In 2009, a crystal structure of acetoacetate decarboxylase from Clostridium acetobutylicum was solved, allowing Westheimer et al.'s proposal to be evaluated from a new perspective . From the crystal structure, researchers found that Lys 115 and Lys 116 are oriented in opposite directions and separated by 14.8 Å (Figure 3).[8] This distance makes it unlikely that the positive charge of Lys116 is able to affect the pKa of Lys115. Instead through hydrogen bonds with Ser16 and Met210, Lys116 likely holds Lys115 into position in a hydrophobic pocket of the active site. This positioning disrupts the stability of the protonated ammonium cation of Lys115, suggesting that the perturbation of Lys115's pKa occurs through a 'desolvation effect'.
Inactivation and inhibition
Acetoacetate decarboxylase is inhibited by a number of compounds. Acetic anhydride performs a nucleophilic attack on the critical catalytic residue, Lys115, of acetoacetate decarboxylase to inactivate the enzyme.[13] The rate of inactivation was assessed through the hydrolysis of the synthetic substrate 2,4-dinitrophenyl propionate to dinitrophenol by acetoacetate decarboxylase. In the presence of acetic anhydride, the enzyme is inactivated, unable to catalyze the hydrolysis reaction 2,4-dinitrophenyl propionate to dinitrophenol.[14]
Acetonylsulfonate acts as a competitive inhibitor (KI=8.0 mM ) as it mimics the characteristics of the natural substrate, acetoacetate (KM=8.0 mM).[15] The monoanion version of acetonylphosphonate is also a good inhibitor (KI=0.8mM), more efficient than the acetonylphosphonate monoester or dianion.[16] These findings indicate that active site is very discriminatory and sterically restricted.
Hydrogen cyanide seems to be an uncompetitive inhibitor, combining with Schiff's base compounds formed at the active site.[15] Addition of carbonyl compounds to the enzyme, in the presence of hydrogen cyanide, increases hydrogen cyanide's ability to inhibit acetoacetate decarboxylase, suggesting that carbonyl compounds readily form Schiff's bases at the active site. Hydrogen cyanide is most potent as an inhibitor at pH 6, the optimum pH for the enzyme, suggesting that the rate-limiting step of catalysis is the formation of the Schiff base intermediate.
Beta-diketones appear to inhibit acetoacetate decarboxylase well but slowly. Acetoacetate decarboxylase has a KM for acetoacetate of 7×10−3 M whereas the enzyme has a KI for benzoylacetone of 1.9×10−6 M.[15] An enamine is most likely formed upon interaction of beta-diketones with free enzyme.
The reaction of acetoacetate decarboxylase with p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonate (CMS) results in decreased catalytic activity upon two equivalents of CMS per enzyme subunit.[15] CMS interacts with two sulfhydryl groups located on each enzyme subunit. Further inactivation occurs upon addition of a third equivalent of CMS per subunit. Addition of free cysteine to the inhibited enzyme is able to reverse CMS inhibition of acetoacetate decarboxylase.
Activity in bacteria
Acetoacetate decarboxylase has been found and studied in the following bacteria in addition to Clostridium acetobutylicum:
- Bacillus polymyxa
- Chromobacterium violaceum
- Clostridium beijerinckii
- Clostridium cellulolyticum
- Pseudomonas putida
Activity in humans and mammals
While this enzyme has not been purified from human tissue, the activity was shown to be present in human blood serum.[17][18]
In humans and other mammals, the conversion of acetoacetate into acetone and carbon dioxide by acetoacetate decarboxylase is a final irreversible step in the ketone-body pathway that supplies the body with a secondary source of energy.[19] In the liver, acetyl co-A formed from fats and lipids are transformed into three ketone bodies: acetone, acetoacetate, and D-β-hydroxybutyrate. Acetoacetate and D-β-hydroxybutyrate are exported to non-hepatic tissues, where they are converted back into acetyl-coA and used for fuel. Acetone and carbon dioxide on the other hand are exhaled, and not allowed to accumulate under normal conditions.
Acetoacetate and D-β-hydroxybutyrate freely interconvert through the action of D-β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase.[19] Subsequently, one function of acetoacetate decarboxylase may be to regulate the concentrations of the other, two 4-carbon ketone bodies.
Clinical significance
Ketone body production increases significantly when the rate of glucose metabolism is insufficient in meeting the body's energy needs. Such conditions include high-fat ketogenic diets, diabetic ketoacidosis, or severe starvation.[20]
Under elevated levels of acetoacetate and D-β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate decarboxylase produces significantly more acetone. Acetone is toxic, and can accumulate in the body under these conditions. Elevated levels of acetone in the human breath can be used to diagnose diabetes.[20]
- ^ Peterson DJ, Bennett GN (1990). "Purification of acetoacetate decarboxylase from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC cloning of the acetoacetate decarboxylase in Escherichia coli.". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 56 (11): 3491–3498.
- ^ a b c d e f Highbarger, LA; JA Gerlt; GL Kenyon (January 9, 1996). "Mechanism of the reaction catalyzed by acetoacetate decarboxylase. Importance of lysine 116 in determining the pKa of active site lysine 115". Biochemistry 9 (35): 41–46. doi:10.1021/bi9518306. PMID 8555196.
- ^ a b Bormon, S (2009). "New Structure Revisits History". Structural Biology 87 (21): 9.
- ^ "Britannica Online".
- ^ "Jewish Virtual Library".
- ^ "Modeling of ABE Fermentation" (PDF).
- ^ Collas, Florent; Wouter Kuit; Benjamin Clement; Remy Marchal; Ana M Lopez-Contreras; Frederic Monot (August 21, 2012). "Simultaneous production of isoproponal, butanol, ethanol, and 2,3-butanediol by Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 engineered strains". AMB Express 2 (1): 45. doi:10.1186/2191-0855-2-45. PMC 3583297. PMID 22909015.
- ^ a b c d e Ho, Meng-Chiao; Jean-Francois Menetret, Hiro Tsuruta, Karen N. Allen (May 21, 2009). "The origin of the electrostatic perturbation in acetoacetate decarboxylase". Nature 459: 393–397. doi:10.1038/nature07938. PMID 19458715.
- ^ Hamilton GA, Westheimer FH (1959). "On the Mechanism of Enzymatic Decarboxylation of Acetoacetate". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 81 (23): 6332–6333. doi:10.1021/ja01532a058.
- ^ Warren, Stuart; Burt Zerner, F.H. Westheimer (March 1966). "Acetoacetate Decarboxylase. Identification of Lysine at the Active Site". Biochemistry 5 (3): 817–823. doi:10.1021/bi00867a002.
- ^ "A History of Acetoacetate Decarboxylase". JinKai.org. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
- ^ Kokesh, Fritz C.; F.H. Westheimer (December 29, 1971). "A reporter group at the active site of acetoacetate decarboxylase. Ionization constant of the amino group.". Journal of the American Chemical Society 93 (26): 7270–7274. doi:10.1021/ja00755a025.
- ^ O'Leary, M.H.; F.H. Westheimer (1968). "Acetoacetate decarboxylase. Selective acetylation of enzyme". Biochemistry 7 (3): 913–919. doi:10.1021/bi00843a005.
- ^ Schmidt, Donald E.; F.H. Westheimer (1971). "pK of the Lysine Amino Group at the Active Site of Acetoacetate Decarboxylase". Biochemistry 10 (7): 1249–1253. doi:10.1021/bi00783a023.
- ^ a b c d Autor, Anne P.; I. Fridovich (1970). "The Interactions of Acetoacetate Decarboxylase with Carbonyl Compounds, Hydrogen Cyanide, and an Organic Mercurial" (PDF). J. Biol. Chem. 245 (20): 5214–5222.
- ^ Kluger, Ronald; Kurt Nakaoka (1974). "Inhibition of acetoacetate decarboxylase by ketophosphonates. Structural and dynamic probes of the active site". Biochemistry 13 (5): 910–914. doi:10.1021/bi00702a013.
- ^ van Stekelenburg GJ, Koorevaar G (June 1972). "Evidence for the existence of mammalian acetoacetate decarboxylase: with special reference to human blood serum". Clin. Chim. Acta 39 (1): 191–9. doi:10.1016/0009-8981(72)90316-6. PMID 4624981.
- ^ Koorevaar G, Van Stekelenburg GJ (September 1976). "Mammalian acetoacetate decarboxylase activity. Its distribution in subfractions of human albumin and occurrence in various tissues of the rat". Clin. Chim. Acta 71 (2): 173–83. doi:10.1016/0009-8981(76)90528-3. PMID 963888.
- ^ a b "Human Metabolism" (PDF).
- ^ a b Galassetti PR, Novak B, Nemet D, Rose-Gottron C, Cooper DM, Meinardi S, Newcomb R, Zaldivar F, Blake DR (2005). "Breath ethanol and acetone as indicators of serum glucose levels: an initial report". Diabetes Technol. Ther. 7 (1): 115–23. doi:10.1089/dia.2005.7.115. PMID 15738709.
External links
- acetoacetate decarboxylase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- Brenda: Entry of Acetoacetate decarboxylase
- KEGG: Entry of Acetoacetate decarboxylase
- InterPro: IPR010451 Acetoacetate decarboxylase
This page is based on a Wikipedia article. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.
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Acetoacetate decarboxylase (ADC) Provide feedback
This family consists of several acetoacetate decarboxylase (ADC) proteins ( EC:126.96.36.199).
Literature references
Gerischer U, Durre P; , J Bacteriol 1990;172:6907-6918.: Cloning, sequencing, and molecular analysis of the acetoacetate decarboxylase gene region from Clostridium acetobutylicum. PUBMED:2254264 EPMC:2254264
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|Similarity to PfamA using HHSearch:
This tab holds annotation information from the InterPro database.
InterPro entry IPR010451
Acetoacetate decarboxylase (ADC) is involved in solventogenesis in certain bacteria, which occurs at the end of the exponential growth phase when there is a metabolic switch from classical sugar fermentation with the production of acetate and butyrate to the re-internalisation and oxidation of these acids to acetate and butanol [PUBMED:11824611]. In Clostridium, SpoOA controls the switch from acid to solvent production. A SpoAO-binding motif occurs in the gene encoding ADC [PUBMED:10972834].
This family also contains the fungal decarboxylase DEC1 encoded by the Tox1B locus, which along with the Tox1A gene product is required for the production of the polyketide T-toxin. The pathogenic fungus Cochliobolus heterostrophus (Drechslera maydis) requires the T-toxin for high virulence to maize with T-cytoplasm [PUBMED:12236595].
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|Molecular function
|lyase activity (GO:0016829)
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|225.10 aa
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|17 %
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|64.86 %
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There is 1 interaction for this family. More...
We determine these interactions using iPfam, which considers the interactions between residues in three-dimensional protein structures and maps those interactions back to Pfam families. You can find more information about the iPfam algorithm in the journal article that accompanies the website.
For those sequences which have a structure in the Protein DataBank, we use the mapping between UniProt, PDB and Pfam coordinate systems from the PDBe group, to allow us to map Pfam domains onto UniProt sequences and three-dimensional protein structures. The table below shows the structures on which the ADC domain has been found. There are 36 instances of this domain found in the PDB. Note that there may be multiple copies of the domain in a single PDB structure, since many structures contain multiple copies of the same protein seqence.
Loading structure mapping...


text:
There seem to be an inner and outer, or are they one piece and, I can't seem to locate a supplier without going directly to a GM dealer which charges $150 + for each one. Any suggestions and maybe a pic or price. I am in Canada.Thank you
by Cleo in Beverly Hills, CA on June 25, 2009

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Lightning strikes caused small fires at two Center Grove area homes early Monday.
A home in Kensington and and one in Hickory Stick were struck by lightning. In both cases, residents inside heard the strike, got out of the home and were not injured.
Each fire caused less than $5,000 in damage, and residents were able to return to their homes after firefighters left, Bargersville Fire Chief Jason Ramey said.
The first call came just before 4 a.m. for a home in the 5300 block of Chancery Boulevard, which is in the Kensington subdivision. Firefighters determined that the fire had burned itself out, affecting just a small area of the roof, Ramey said.
Seven minutes later, firefighters were called to a home in 4200 block of Rainwater Boulevard in Hickory Stick. A crew from White River Township Fire Department went to the home first and was joined shortly after by Bargersville firefighters after they determined the fire at the first home was out, Ramey said.
Flames were visible on the outside of the home when firefighters arrived. The fire was quickly put out but damaged wood and shingles on the roof and the front of the house above a porch, Ramey said. The fire did not reach the attic.


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Thursday, September 20, 2012 5 comments
What do you to curb your hunger? I chew gum and try to eat sugar free candy etc Its a really bad habit for me, just eating thoughout the day. Read previous blog...
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Overdosed on sugar free candy and coke zero's :(
Wednesday, September 19, 2012 2 comments
I have been having some stomach pain today and after reviewing what I have been eating and drinking, I believe I have consumed way to much sugar free candy and coke zero's. I know they are bad for you, but it helps curb my appitite for sodas an...
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Mini update
Tuesday, September 18, 2012 3 comments
Its funny to look back at my blogs, I forget about what I write. I think weekly Im going to make myself go back and reread my blogs so I that reminder. Currently at 278, I still want to meet my goal of 250 by dec 11th. I haven seen 250...
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My new goal
Tuesday, September 04, 2012 3 comments
Currently I weigh 286, by dec 11th I want to weigh 250. Part me thinks I cant do it and the other part wants to prove myself wrong. That day is my bday i will be 29 that day, I have a vacation day set for the day as well to go shopping. Let t...
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One bad decision that led to many more in 3 days
Tuesday, August 28, 2012 4 comments
On Friday I was invited to go out to a chinese buffett. I thought I will only eat a salad, Im always hard on myself because I am not good at portion control. But then I thought you know what you deserve it just go for it. Well my hunger shot ...
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Is there a trick to turkey bacon?
Thursday, August 23, 2012 3 comments
I bought some turkey bacon and cooked it in the skillet with a little bit on non stick, it never really got crunchy or close to it. I cooked it for a while so it seems, so Im not sure. How do you cook yours? ...
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Just checking in
Thursday, August 23, 2012 2 comments
Yesterday I started doing weights along with my cardio and this morning, I am sore. Im not complaining though! :) I didnt sleep well last night so I didnt go to the gym today, I normally go M-F so Sat I will be at the gym working my butt off ...
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Scared about loose skin
Tuesday, August 21, 2012 12 comments
Just want to get it out there, that when I reach my goal weight loss I am so scared of how I will look with my skin. I know there is surgry but thats something I dont think I can afford, not including how dangereous it can be. I worry alot abo...
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Checking in
Tuesday, August 21, 2012 5 comments
Did 45 mins of cardio this morning. I only have a hour to work out in the morning. I keep making a goal to do 15 mins of weights but I always sleep in those 15 mins so I only have time to do cardio. I also havent been going to bed early enoug...
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Happy Monday
Monday, August 20, 2012 4 comments
I did 45 mins of cardio this morning. My goal this week is to start doing some weight lifting along with my cardio. Been starting to see I have more energy and slowly seeing the weight drop off. My daughter starts 4th grade today, I can...
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Doing good
Thursday, August 16, 2012 4 comments
I have been staying focused and making good decisions about what foods I eat. Im starting to feel better and not be as tired as I was. Im still impatient, and want to see results now but it took me a long time to gain this gain and its going t...
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Need tips for protein shakes
Monday, August 13, 2012 4 comments
I have tried them before, and they are grainy tasting and chalky. What brands do you use or websites? Why do you like them? They seem high in calorie to me, but I hear and read alot about them ...
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My goal I had for today
Thursday, August 09, 2012 1 comments
I set a goal this morning to not eat anything bad at my work pot luck. (In the past I overate REALLY BAD, read previous blog) so I had brought my own lunch. What ended up happening...I ate a few baked wings, veggies and a small piece of ca...
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My goal tmrw and a lil update
Wednesday, August 08, 2012 1 comments
First off I have went to the gym the past 2 days and have been eating pretty good, so Im honestly happy with that. Tmrw I have a work potluck with about 15 ppl. Last time I went I tried the whole eat a little bit...well I ended up being li...
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Fat, lazy and unmotivated
Tuesday, August 07, 2012 7 comments
I worked hard and went from 316 to 275. I am now at 286. I let little things I cannot control get to me. I havent been going to the gym and what do I do for comfort......yup.....overeat with the fatty stuff. I have been sick, tired and wakin...
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After I came back home
From my adventure with a Time Lord
I was soon followed by a race
That never leave you bored
As I put the final touches on
My lovely diorama
I heard a voice call me to dinner
I could've sworn it was Gramma
But when I came downstairs, I saw
Five metal aliens
The worst of the Doctor's foes
The Daleks, who sound like Australians
They spotted me and screamed that word
"Exterminate!" I ran upstairs
But it was too late, my project was ashes
And I think I grew gray hairs
Luckily, the Doctor saved me again
Just as a Dalek snuck up
Being so lucky for this fate
I feel kinda stuck up
In a battle of epic proportions
I saved all time and space
With the Doctor and his sonic screwdriver
Shooting all over the place
He returned me home (again)
And warned me to be cautious
The thought of being attacked again
It really makes me nauseous
What could I have done at 12:30
But fall asleep and brood?
It's just a pile of soot...
I'm sorry I'm in a bad mood
I worked so hard on it, I know
It disappeared in seconds
But what can I do while facing doom
But answer while it beckons?
Daleks Exterminated My Project by alexjackson1988Watch
©2011-2016 alexjackson1988
A sort of sequel to Aliens Stole My Homework. Another (slightly different) excuse for not having something on time. Similar to the first, but a little more stereotypical Doctor Who. The Daleks are awesome...evil, but cool. The one after this, btw, is The Doctor Botched My Essay.
Doctor Who, the Daleks (c) their original creators
Each of the Doctor's actors (c) themselves
Doctor Who, the Daleks (c) their original creators
Each of the Doctor's actors (c) themselves


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Super Bowl XLVII
February 3, 2013
The Roman numerals for NFL Super Bowl XLVII float on the Mississippi River Saturday, Feb. 2, 2013, in New Orleans. The city will host the football game between the San Francisco 49ers and Baltimore Ravens on Sunday. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel) (ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Hitachi America, Research and Development Division (R&D) was established in 1989 as part of Hitachi's strategy to locate research centers close to industry-leading advanced markets.
Over the years, Hitachi America R&D has pursued research with leading business partners and research institutions, supporting many backbone businesses of Hitachi including semiconductors, automotive systems, IT platforms and networks.
Today, Hitachi America R&D is applying this market/customer-driven approach in developing innovative solutions to lead Hitachi's "Social Innovation Business" in the Americas. As a part of the Hitachi Global Center for Social Innovation (CSI), Hitachi America R&D works together with customers to address known and hidden issues, leveraging and integrating Hitachi's broad technology portfolio as well as its experience in operations to provide the optimal solution for our customer-base in the US. Customer-values are confirmed through proof-of-concept prototypes in the customer environment, facilitating the rapid development of product-level solutions.
Our highly skilled research teams are strategically located in Santa Clara, California and Farmington Hills, Michigan, in five laboratories: Automotive Products Research Laboratory (APL), Big Data Laboratory (BDL), IT Platform Systems Laboratory (IPSL), Network Systems Laboratory (NSL) and User Experience Design Laboratory (UXDL).
Hitachi America R&D also works closely with the Hitachi South America, Ltda., R&D Division.
34500 Grand River Avenue
Farmington Hills, MI 48335
Phone 248.474.2800
Fax 248.473.8420
In 1989, Hitachi America R&D opened one of its first laboratories, the Automotive Products Research Laboratory (APL), in Michigan, USA. APL's research concentrates on low-emission vehicle components, automotive electronics, and driveline controls for the North American market in collaboration with Hitachi Automotive Systems Americas, Inc. We are strategically located in the Detroit Suburbs to be close to our main U.S. automotive customers. This proximity allows closer interaction for engineering, research and direct communication with Hitachi local customers.
The scope of the technical work is to introduce new concepts for vehicle electronics, emission reducing systems, and vehicle dynamics. Our activities include projects on embedded system development for automotive controllers, system and component modeling, Noise Vibration Harshness (NVH), Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC). We apply both Model Based Design (MBD) and experimental methodologies in our development projects.
APL consists of full time researchers with at least a Master's degree in engineering. Our researchers have access to state of the art facilities such as a simulation laboratory, engine dynamometers, NVH and EMC test facilities. We collaborate with Hitachi R&D laboratories in Japan and other continents in many automotive projects. Our laboratory also provides an internship opportunity for university students that are enrolled in advanced engineering or science programs.
3315 Scott Boulevard, 4th Floor
Santa Clara, CA 95054-3103
Phone 408.986.6300
The Big Data Lab (BDL) was newly established in April 2013. The mission is to create innovative solutions leveraging big data & advanced analytics technologies, as well as accelerate Hitachi's big data businesses through the creation of key IP, PoCs and showcases. Leveraging Hitachi's technologies, the Big Data Laboratory will contribute to the realization of Hitachi's vision of "Social Innovation" and establish Hitachi as a leader in big data.
3315 Scott Boulevard, 4th Floor
Santa Clara, CA 95054-3103
Phone 408.986.6300
The IT Platform Systems Laboratory (IPSL) in Santa Clara, California, was established in December 1999 as the R&D team on IT platforms, specialized on storage systems and solutions. Today, in the time horizontally aligned and/or vertically integrated offerings are important, the scope of research has extended to data center management, virtualization, converged IT, cloud computing and analytics platform for solution co-created with customers.
3315 Scott Boulevard, 4th Floor
Santa Clara, CA 95054-3103
Phone 408.986.6300
The Network Systems Laboratory (NSL) is Hitachi's North American unit of the global network systems research and development activities in Hitachi Ltd. NSL focuses on different verticals such as telecommunications, enterprise networks, field area networks, and connectivity in IoT. NSL contributes to Hitachi's patent portfolio by developing original technologies, validates them through hardware prototyping and extensive system-level simulations and closely collaborates with the product and business units for developing PoCs through customer co-creation.
NSL focuses, among other projects, on end-to-end network optimization and analytics. NSL also monitors and participates in various standardization activities including 3GPP 4G/5G, IEEE 802.11, and Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC). A sample of the most recent projects in NSL is,
Previously, NSL (WSRL) participated in 3GPP cellular standardization discussions and meetings, focusing on RAN1, RAN2, and SA2 . NSL has also been involved in IEEE 802.11 standardization activities, and played an active role in the formation of IEEE standard 802.11aa . NSL had also worked on enabling reliable video transfer over wireless systems and organized a demonstration at global Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in 2008 under the umbrella of Hitachi, Ltd.
The lab has a small and dedicated team of researchers co-located with Hitachi Data Systems, Corp. in Santa Clara, California and works closely with researchers in Hitachi's Central for Social Innovation (CSI), and Hitachi's Center for Technology Innovation (CTI), in Tokyo. NSL also promotes ties with leading academic institutions for research collaboration.
3315 Scott Boulevard, 4th Floor
Santa Clara, CA 95054-3103
Phone 408.986.6300
The User Experience Design Lab (UXD) in Santa Clara, California, was established in April 2011. Its mission is to enhance experiences with Hitachi products and services through social science research and design. Today, its involvement has expanded from IT management software to cross-industrial solution business.
Social science research activities such as ethnography and usability testing, among other activities, are conducted to understand customer's challenges and contexts. Based on the research findings, design solutions for current and future products and services as well as future visions are created, collaborating with other stakeholders and customers.


text:
David Stern will retire in February 2014. He will be replaced by Adam Silver. Many Sonics fans blame Stern for the Sonics leaving Seattle and celebrated the news of his plans to retire.
Sonics fans react to David Stern's retirement announcement
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The opinions expressed in reader comments are those of the author only, and do not reflect the opinions of The Seattle Times.


text:
Guest Blogger Carolyn Jess Talks Recycling Cell Phones
We have invited Carolyn Jess back to help us out as guest blogger in 2014 with a focus on native wildlife. Jess is a 13 year old student who has agreed to be our special guest blogger about wildlife conservation. We first met Carolyn in October 2011 when she came out to the Zoo to meet our special guest Jack Hannah. If you would like to contact Carolyn or have comments, you may send them to email@example.com.
For the second year, my school is participating in the Action For Apes cell phone recycling challenge. Schools and businesses are invited to take action and enter this competition. The goal of the program is to recycle as many old cell phones as you can. The top prize is a really cool painting done by the chimps here at the Houston Zoo. Rasco Middle School, where I went to school last year, won the painting and it is still hanging up in the hallway. That is great for Rasco, but now I need a chimp painting for the hallway at Lake Jackson Intermediate. I am hoping my school will step up and accept this challenge.
Whether my school wins or loses, the real winners are the chimps and apes that live in the African Congo. That is where the mineral coltan is mined. Coltan is the material in electronics that holds electric charges. The coltan is really being mined hard on the boundary of the Kahuzi Biega National Park. There, the gorilla population has been cut in half due to the mining of coltan. The forest there that was once lush and green is being torn down and dug up. The amount of coltan that is being exported every year is increasing largely.
Coltan is mined kind of like gold was mined back in the 1800s. Large holes are dug, layers of dirt are put into screens, and then water is added to wash away the small pieces. What's left are the chunks of coltan.
We can help though. If we reduce the need for coltan by recycling our old phones and electronics, we reduce the amount of mining that needs to be done. You can help reduce the need for mining coltan by joining the Action for Apes challenge. Encourage your school or business to take part. You can also take your old phones to the Houston Zoo to recycle. (Or you can give them to me!) Even if my school does not win the painting, we have won part of this battle for the Congo by teaching people about this problem. Be a hero and recycle your electronics today.
Next up:
6 thoughts on "Guest Blogger Carolyn Jess Talks Recycling Cell Phones"
Carolyn, You are such a great mover and shaker! You do a wonderful job of inspiring others to do righteous things without laying on the guilt. Keep up the great work!
Mrs. Brown
Hi Carolyn –
I was not aware that the making of cell phones was doing so much damage to our forests! I am very bothered by this and will definitely be recycling my old cell phones from now on. Your blog and this information has definitely impacted me and I am sure it will many others as well. I am going to tweet your blog link out so others will know about this and hopefully more people will start recycling phones. Of course, I would also love to see that picture at LJI! You are making a big difference so keep it up!!
Dr. H
I am so proud of our Chimp painting hanging in the halls of Rasco Middle School and really hope you can get one for LJI. Not just for how it looks, but for what it stands for…actions to protect and care for our planet. Keep it up! I am proud of YOU!
This is really an interesting article. I had no idea this was happening. I'm afraid that many people are not aware of this. I think if more people were aware of what is happening to make electronics, then more people would start recycling their old electronics. I like how you spread the word through schools and your blog. You are doing an awesome job! Keep up the good work!!
You have inspired me to take action! You are such a wonderful role model and I applaud you for bringing this issue to so many people's attention. Keep it up!
Stephanie Jansky
What an interesting article. You are doing an amazing job informing us on these important issues. Keep up the great work!
Comments are closed.


text:
Re: NOOKcolor won't charge!ladytonya Jan 20, 2011 6:58 AM (in response to Phoebe_Jordan)
Others here have reported similar issues if you search the forums. Just take it back to the store and show them the cable, they should replace it. If not, call customer service. You definitely should not be able to see silver. Plus, sit down and take a deep breath, definitely not worth freaking out over!
Re: NOOKcolor won't charge!Luvmynookie Jan 20, 2011 9:16 AM (in response to Phoebe_Jordan)
The very same thing happened to my charger and I plan on taking it back to B&N and asking for a new one. My daughter also has a Nook so I've been using her charger and it works fine. I'm a little disappointed at the battery life once it is charged. I keep wifi off and not sure what else to do to keep the charge.....
Re: NOOKcolor won't charge!NanaLou Jan 20, 2011 1:42 PM (in response to Luvmynookie)Contact customer service. I also had this problem and had no trouble getting it replaced. While you wait for a replacement, if you have another cable (not b&n), use it and charge on computer only.
Re: NOOKcolor won't charge!donc13 Jan 20, 2011 1:52 PM (in response to Phoebe_Jordan)
Phoebe_Jordan wrote:
Okay I usually have my NOOKcolor charging during the night while I'm sleeping because I usually read a lot before bedtime for me. So my NOOKcolor is fully charged this morning and I'm reading it before going to work and it's at about 70%.
So I connect it to the charger and the light turns orange but I don't see the battery image at the bottome right corner go into is charge mode and when I go to Settings and go to Device Info I see that the message under Battery says Not Charging.
I've noticed that the cable near the place where micro USB that I connect to my NOOKcolor is ripping off. I see the silver cable underneath sometimes and I try to push the cable back into place so it doesn't slid down and tear apart.
I am freaking out right now! I just got this less than a month ago and now I won't be able to charge my NOOKcolor! I read on it every day and it's going to die on my because my cable won't let me charge from the AC adapter anymore or from my laptop! And I found out that I can't buy another cable since it's not available right now!
Should I get in touch with customer service and find out if they can send me a replacement since I do have to the Barnes & Nobles 2-Year Warranty, though I'm not sure if getting a new cable is under that coverage.
Yes, they will replace that cable. Probably at your local B&N store, if not....you can call CS (digital support...option 2, then Nook Color...option 1) and they will send you a new cable.
If you really needed to, since it takes a week or so to get the replacement,....purchase a cable at your B&N store, then when the replacement arrives take THAT one (the unused, unopened cable from CS) back to the store with your receipt and they should give you full credit for it.


text:
Joshua Foer:
Joshua Foer: 每个人都能掌握的记忆技巧
有人能在很短时间内背下上千个数字,或是记下一叠或更多牌的顺序。 科技栏作家Joshua Foer 给您详细讲解这种记忆方法 —— 他称其为"记忆宫殿" —— 并向您证明他的重点是: 任何人都可以拥有绝佳的记忆里,包括他自己。
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Excellent for use indoors where solvent fumes are undesirable, Krink K-72 permanent waterbased inks make their mark on almost any light or dark surface, including metal, canvas, painted surfaces, wood, glass, plastic, and paper.
Filled with 17 ml of rich, xylene-free, opaque ink, the K-72 employs the same valve-action and chisel tip as its best-selling counterpart, the K-71; however, its smaller body fits conveniently into any pocket.
Handmade in the USA, Krink K-72 Ink Markers feature recyclable aluminum barrels.
Xylene-free. Conforms to ASTM D-4236.
see also ...
® Krink is a registered trademark.
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K 72 in Red
By Brendan
from Fort Myers, FL
Comments about Krink K-72 Ink Markers:
Pretty cool little paint marker. Its fairly transparent but heavy on ink flow. At least for the red ones. It was on sale when I got mine so I figure its a decent deal. Seems like a good amount of paint in it so far.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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Bill Rancic Defends His Wife Giuliana After Fashion Police Controversy: 'I Tried to Get Them to Release the Footage' 42 years, 2,191 covers and 55,436 stories from PEOPLE magazine's history for you to enjoy
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- The Dreamy Candle You Can Literally Bathe In
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PEOPLE Top 5 are the most-viewed stories on the site over the past three days, updated every 60 minutes
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Each month, direct to your email inbox, we'll send the best camping news, tips, recipes and more, to enhance the camping lifestyle that you love so much. Learn More
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Camper Rating 4.5 out of 5


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Review: Honeywell evohome Wireless Smart Home Heating Controls
We took a look at the new Honeywell evohome when it was announced last Autumn, but there's no substitute for living with a system to see what it's really like. So when Honeywell asked us if we'd like to replace our HomeTronic system with the new evohome we jumped at the chance. To recap, this […]Read more


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Standing to a limited number of mares this year!
Cadescat is a 2010 black money earning son of Highlightcat x Highbrow Cat, and out of a money earning mare Sugared Freckle.
If you're looking to breed this year and want a stallion that not only has looks, but a performance record too, then look into CADESCAT! This stallion will not disappoint. He is a NRCHA money earner with earnings at $17K and he is also an AQHA World Show Top Ten Finalist in Junior Working Cowhorse (placing 7th).... (read more)
Training, Sales help. Competing in Team sorting and Penning. Horses for sale.
Avoid Scams and Fraud - Potential areas of fraud: wire transfer, moneygrams, money orders, cashier checks, shipping, escrow, "transaction protection", "guarantee". Check out the Buyer Safety section for more info.


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3 in 1 Charger (Micro) - iPhone/iPod
Item #: S332
Use this tiny charger set to power your iTouch, iPod, iPhone with a car charger that allows for use on the road while charging it from your vehicle's lighter jack. Or use your computer or home charger (also included).
This product can be used with the following carriers:
Item #: S332
IPad 2 Launch In Canada
The iPad 2 had been officially launched and set to hit American stores on March 11th. The new iPad has a slated release date in Canada at a later date of March 25th, 2011. The new tablet has two built in cameras. Moreover, the tablet is thinner than the iPhone 4, and twice as fast as the original iPad! Rest assured, we will provide the accessories to support this tablet when it is released in Toronto and rest of the country. (Read More)
Get More Done For Less With 3 In 1 Chargers
3 in 1 chargers contain all the essential components to charge cell phones from anywhere - your home, car, or computer. We have 3 in 1 chargers for three models of phones: HTC, BlackBerry, and iPhone. (Read More)
Mobile Phone Holders Are Back In Stock
There has been a lot of demand for these cell phone stands over the past month. So we have re-stocked them. We also have many other popular accessories back in stock; this includes car chargers, universal chargers, packaging for cases, etc.
(Read More)
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Use your cigarette-lighter outlet to charge any devices that can rely on USB for power using this tiny charger! It is available in 10 beautiful colors.
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The top stories of the week from TOH!
Why George Clooney Is Skipping Early Awards Circuit with "The Monuments Men": See New Poster
Box Office:
Top Ten Highest Grossing Woody Allen Movies vs. "Blue Jasmine"
TOH! Ranks the Best Films of Wong Kar-Wai, with an Intro by David Chute (AUDIO INTERVIEW)
Your Week in Streaming: A Bad Teacher, Zac Efron in Tighty Whities, Pasolini's Marxist Jesus and More
Venice Film Festival 2013 Review: Frears' 'Philomena' is a Triumph
Venice Film Festival 2013 Review: Reichardt's 'Night Moves'
Telluride Film Festival, Diary One: Big Anticipation for the 40th Anniversary
Telluride Review: Jason Reitman's "Labor Day" Is a Suspenseful Romantic Heart-Tugger
Telluride Update: Buyers Lining Up for Divisive "Under the Skin," Strong Debut "Palo Alto" and Provocative "Starred Up" (TRAILER)
Venice Film Festival 2013 Review: "Gravity"
Venice Film Festival 2013 Review: "Joe," Starring Nicolas Cage
Venice Film Festival 2013 Review: "Tracks," Starring Mia Wasikowska
Director Mark Cousins Talks 15-Part Epic Series "The Story of Film," Coming to TCM September 2
Terry Gilliam Previews New Film "The Zero Theorem," Debuting in Venice
Women in Film Foundation Announces 2013 Film Finishing Fund Recipients
Zeitgeist Films Acquires Murder Mystery Doc "The Galapagos Affair" Ahead of Telluride Premiere
"Our Nixon" Review: Forty Years Later, An Intimate Portrait of Nixon, and Ourselves
"Newsroom" Review and Recap 2.7: The Slap (SPOILERS)
TV IS THE NEW CINEMA: "Breaking Bad" and "Low Winter Sun" Updates, Mark Strong on Brit Actors in U.S. Series (SPOILERS)


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She likes the work a lot since she can do it in her free time while also attending to her chores in the house. However, she has some problems with customers not paying on time and has to go collecting debts door to door, which is very tedious. Fortunately, these cases are a small minority and the business is profitable, which is what matters.
Deizy works hard and devotes a lot of time to the business since she knows that her future depends on what she does today. This is her first loan from MFP, and she knows she must pay the installments punctually.
The money will be used to buy a glass cabinet to display garments in her house, and to outfit a small shop in the house.
About Peru
46View loans »
Success!! The loan was 100% repaid
- Repayment Term
- 14 months (Additional Information)
- Repayment Schedule
- Monthly
- Pre-Disbursed:
- May 20, 2009
- Listed
- Jun 2, 2009
- Currency Exchange Loss:
- Covered
- Ended:
- Jun 15, 2010


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Joined IHG® Rewards Club at a Hotel?
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Redeem points for free rooms and more
Contact your local IHG® Rewards Club Customer Care to source your PIN and to update your profile with your email address. When you receive your PIN you can also update your email address via www.ihg.com/updateemail.
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Once you complete your Reward Night reservation you will be given the option to duplicate this reservation.
* Requires affiliation in the respective organization.
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To book more than 9 rooms for one stay or request a quote, please use our Easy Meetings tool, call 1-800-MEETING (in United States, Mexico and Canada) or contact a Global Sales Office.
Our White Haven, PA hotel's convenient location places travelers within easy driving distance of Interstates 80 and 476 and Route 940. Our 100% non-smoking Holiday Inn Express® hotel also features top-of-the-line amenities, which ensure a comfortable and pleasant stay in White Haven.
Hotel guests appreciate the fact that we are located near some of Pennsylvania's best attractions. In fact, if you are visiting during the winter,
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Hotel guests appreciate the fact that we are located near some of Pennsylvania's best attractions. In fact, if you are visiting during the winter, we're close to Jack Frost Ski, Big Boulder Ski and Split Rock resorts. In the summer, you can easily visit Split Rock Resort indoor Waterpark and Hickory Run State Park. Adults can visit Mohegan Sun Casino for exciting gaming and fabulous shows, or the whole family can enjoy a trip to the Pocono Indian Museum and the Toy and NASCAR Museum.
Business travelers especially love our location in White Haven, PA because the hotel's near major businesses, including Geisinger Hospital, Kings College and Rite Aid. In addition, our hotel offers a 24-hour Business Center with fax, copy and print services, as well as a meeting room, if you need to host a meeting.
When staying in White Haven, enjoy our hotel's amenities. After a long day of business or sightseeing, take a swim in the indoor pool or relax and unwind in the whirlpool. Guests can also take advantage of our daily complimentary, hot breakfast. Call our White haven hotel today, and take advantage of our great rates.


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There are more than 200 different types of cancer, but four of them - lung, bowel, breast and prostate cancer together account for almost half (46%) of all cancer deaths in the UK (2012). Lung is by far the most common cause of cancer death in the UK. More than one in five (22%) cancer deaths in males and females combined are from lung cancer. Bowel cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death (10%) and, despite being extremely rare in men, breast cancer is the third most common cause of cancer deaths overall (7%).[1-3]
The 20 Most Common Causes of Cancer Deaths, UK, 2012
7% of all female cancer deaths and 6% of all male cancer deaths were registered as cancer of unknown primary (CUP).
Cigarette smoking has been identified as the single most important cause of preventable death in the UK, killing an estimated 6.5 million people over 50 years.[4] Overall, more than a quarter of all deaths from cancer, including more than four in five lung cancer deaths, are caused by tobacco smoking.[4]
- Data were provided by the Office for National Statistics on request, January 2014. Similar data can be found here: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/all-releases.html?definition=tcm%3A77-27475.
- Data were provided by ISD Scotland on request, March 2014. Similar data can be found here: http://gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/theme/vital-events/general/ref-tables/index.html.
- Data were provided by the Northern Ireland Cancer Registry on request, December 2013. Similar data can be found here:http://www.nisra.gov.uk/demography/default.asp22.htm.
- Peto R, Lopez AD, Boreham J, et al. Mortality from smoking in developed countries 1950-2005 (or later). March 2012.


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hey everyone im getting myself ready for my first bike trip which is a 60 mile or so trip from san fran to SC. im thinking of taking the scenic route on hwy 1 which should be a nice ride. does anyone know how the wind is on that road??
any who im pretty stoked about it i just wanted to see what you guys thought
oh yea im taking my dawes galaxy its a single speed so that should be a good ride


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Clinical Fellow, Division of Hospital Medicine
Phone 513-803-1580
Email firstname.lastname@example.com
Dr. Aarti Patel, MD, FAAP, is enrolled in the master's of medical education program at the University of Cincinnati. In addition, Dr. Patel is a participant in a project entitled: "Bringing I-PASS to the Bedside: a Communication Bundle to Improve Patient Safety" funded by the Patient Center Outcomes Research Institute.
MD: Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 2010.
Residency: Pediatrics, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA, 2013.
Fellowship: Pediatric Hospital Medicine/Master Educator Fellowship, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 2016.
3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3026 | 1-513-636-4200 | 1-800-344-2462 | TTY:1-513-636-4900
New to Cincinnati Children's or live outside of the Tristate area? 1-877-881-8479
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DAYTONA BEACH, Fla. (AP) - Grand-Am Road Racing and the International Motor Sports Association have reached an agreement with a German organization in hopes of establishing a touring car race series in North America.
He and ITR Chairman Hans Werner Aufrecht say the next step is discussions with automakers.
The series could possibly run as a companion to United SportsCar Racing, which was announced March 14 as the name of the new series resulting from the merger of GRAND-Am and the American Le Mans Series.
``On the heels of our United SportsCar Racing and IMSA announcements, reaching this agreement adds to the momentum we're experiencing right now,'' said Bennett. ``The next steps in this process will involve further discussions with various automotive manufacturers, whose commitment to this concept is essential if a North American DTM-style series is to become reality.''
Copyright 2016The Associated PressAll Rights Reserved


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Police are asking for your help in identifying a person wanted in a financial card fraud investigation.
Greenville police gave WITN the surveillance picture you see here. This man in sunglasses is the one police want help identifying, for credit card fraud in greenville and other towns in the east.
If you think you know who this man is, call Pitt-Greenville Crime Stoppers at (252) 758-7777.


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62nd Annual IFMA Gold & Silver Plate Celebration
Saturday, May 21, 2016 | Revel Fulton Market | 1215 W Fulton Market | Chicago, IL 60607
The 62nd annual IFMA Gold & Silver Plate Awards enables the industry to honor the nation's top operator talent. Annually, through a rigorous jury process, IFMA grants Silver Plate Awards in nine operator categories and honors one winner with the prestigious Gold Plate Award on the night of the Celebration.
Following last year's sold-out event, this year features a new venue in Chicago's West Loop – the hot spot of the city – and by popular demand, a new night – Saturday, May 21. The celebration is the party of the year and affords the perfect opportunity to entertain operator customers.
Often called "The Academy Awards of Foodservice," the Gold & Silver Plate Awards have been considered one of the industry's most prestigious honors since its creation in 1954.
Cocktail Reception: 5:30 PM
Dinner and Awards Ceremony: 6:30-8:30 PM
Who Attends:
- Leaders from every operator segment, manufacturers and industry partners
- Industry legends, including members of the Gold & Silver Plate Society
2016 Gold & Silver Plate Celebration Sponsorships
The 62nd Annual Gold & Silver Plate Awards will bring several sponsorship opportunities allowing companies to promote their brand and pay tribute to leading foodservice operators voted best in their class.
Revel Fulton Market
1215 W. Fulton Market, Chicago, IL 60607


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The latest attempt to get your personal information seems to come from "email@example.com" and has the subject "ACCOUNT NOTIFICATION." If you hover over the link or can view the hidden URL, you will see that it is a website in Romania – not exactly where you expect to get account updates! This is just another reminder that you must exercise care with any email that asks you to take action.
Duke Law Daily Submissions
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Corporate Welfare a Continual Failure
Time for government to focus on the basics
Bill Shea of Crain's Detroit Business has an article titled, "Many dollars, little sense: Projects that seemed like good ideas at the time…," which looks at high-profile government projects long on promises but short on results.
Shea cites AutoWorld, the Detroit People Mover, Pinnacle Race Course, Unity Studios in Allen Park, Asian Village and the Jefferson plant deal.
Unfortunately, because of the incentives for politicians and the coverage from the media, these "bold" government projects too often are the norm. In recent years, this has included film subsidies, MEDC select business deals focusing on "green energy" and the "cool cities" project. It even led one former legislator to say that the MEDC should "stop believing its own press releases."
If there is one lesson from Detroit and the "lost decade" in Michigan it is that flashy government projects do not make for sound public policy. Legislators should focus on the basics of government service and leave the rest to the private sector.
Stay Engaged
Related Articles:
Planning for Life Workshop – Suttons Bay, MI
Planning for Life Workshop – Grand Rapids, MI
The Boundaries of Educational Choice: Surveying Michigan's Private School Landscape
Thousands of Detroit Parents Vote With Their Feet for School Choice


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Starrett L2 Plus advanced force analysis systems optimize force measurement and analysis for quality and engineering personnel. These systems are ideal for tension, compression, rate control, flexural, cyclic, shear, and friction applications. Test setup is intuitive, efficient and non-compromising.
Topics: Force Measurement Systems
In September of 2014, Starrett hosted its first interactive virtual exhibit, featuring our most cutting edge measurement systems. Visitors answered a few questions about their measurement application, and were then provided with a virtual badge, allowing access to a digital "showroom" featuring products specific to their needs.
Featured applications included:
Starrett has broken the boundaries of bi-metal bonding technology. Conventional bi-metal blades use either electron beam or laser to weld the high-speed wire to the alloy backing material. Starrett innovation has developed a state-of-the-art process that has resulted in a new generation of better performing band saw blades.
This Starrett exclusive technology joins two strips of high-speed steel wires to the backing steel using a Solid-State Diffusion Bonding. This exciting new process creates a stronger, longer lasting blade.
Topics: Blades, Saws, Power Tool Accessories, bi-metal unique
Topics: Starrett News, Press Releases, Precision Tools, AccuPlug Bore Gages, New Product Announcements, Bore Gages
The Starrett PowerCalc band saw selection tool selects the right band saw blade for a specific application. PowerCalc is a free app that has been developed to work with Apple, Android, Windows, and BlackBerry mobile devices.
- Composition of the material to be cut (to determine hardness).
- Shape of the part to be cut.
- Details regarding any bundling of the material.
- Whether or not it will be a cooled cut.
- Band saw machine being used to make the cut.
Topics: Starrett News, Workshops for Warriors, Veterans, Donations, Precision Measuring Tools, Training
"Triple chip" technology for the carbide tipped band saw blade was developed in the mid 1960's and has long since served as the industry standard. Due to the metal industry's continued evolution with the addition of alloys and other exotic materials unknown just ten years ago, Starrett embarked on a journey to engineer and produce a better saw blade.
Topics: Starrett News, Blades, Saws
Starrett granite accessories are produced from pink granite and are provided with NIST traceable calibration certificates. Long form graphed readings or A2LA accredited calibration certificates are available upon request.
Topics: Precision Granite, Granite Surface Plate, Surface Plate, Surface Plates, Granite Surface Plates, Crystal Pink, Black Granite Surface Plate, Angle Plate, Toolmakers' Flat, Master Square, Square, Tri-Square, Straight Edge, Parallels, V-Block, Cube
Starrett has long offered a comprehensive line of top quality hole saw products. These include Fastcut™ Variable Pitch Bi-Metal blades, Straight 6-Pitch Bi-Metal Blades, Carbide Tipped, Carbide Grit, Diamond Edge, and a variety of other blades, assemblies, accessories and kits.
Over the past couple of years, several innovative special purpose hole saw lines have been introduced to create an even broader Starrett line. Three of these newer special purpose products are profiled here.
Topics: Saws, Power Tool Accessories, Hand Tools, Hole Saws
Topics: Precision Granite, Granite Surface Plate, Surface Plate, Surface Plates, Granite Surface Plates, Applications, Granite, Tru-Vac Advanced Air Chunk Solution


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We are in the process of upgrading the site to implement a content management system.
UK and Ireland: Maps
- An extremely useful set of maps showing parish boundaries, on a one inch to the mile scale, is now available on CD-ROM - see:
Kain, R.J.P., Oliver, R.R., Historic Parishes of England and Wales: an Electronic Map of Boundaries before 1850 with a Gazetteer and Metadata [computer file]. Colchester, Essex: History Data Service, UK Data Archive [distributor], 17 May 2001. SN: 4348.
- The Landmark Information Group sell online 19th Century Ordnance Survey maps linked from an extensive gazetteer. These are at a scale of 1:10,560 (6 inches to the mile) and cover all of Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales).
- Maps showing the counties in England, Scotland and Wales and in Ireland prior to the 1974 re-organisation (1975 for Scotland). These maps show the familiar three-letter Chapman Codes.
- The National Library of Scotland provides scanned map images of various series of Ordnance Survey maps of Scotland, England and Wales.
- Genmaps - a very large collection of scanned maps of England, Wales and Scotland.
- County maps, showing the parish boundaries, the probate jurisdiction, and the date of commencement of registers, are available from The Institute of Heraldic and Genealogical Studies .
- The Bodleian Library Map Room.
- Streetmap.co.uk provides up-to-date street maps for all of mainland Britain. A similar service is provided by Multi Media Mapping and Bing.
- A modern map of the United Kingdom.
- The Association of British Counties website includes a very useful map showing the 86 historic counties of Great Britain.
- Alan Gresley provides a set of high quality scans of maps from Baedeker's Great Britain, Handbook for Travelers by Karl Baedeker (7th ed., 1910).
- The Great Britain Historical Geography Information Service (GBHGIS) provides a mass of information about Britain's localities as they have changed over time. Information comes from census reports, historical gazetteers, travellers' tales and historic maps.
- A Vision of Britain Through Time, in the GBHGIS, provides maps and statistical information derived from census reports covering the period 1801-2001, searchable by place name or post code.
- Geography and National Statistics - explanatory pages from The Office of National Statistics
- Cassini publish historical Ordnance Survey maps of England and Wales that have been scanned, digitally re-projected and enlarged to match the present-day Landranger © series - and provide Mapmaker, a web-based search facility that allows a user to centre a map on a postcode or placename, ready for downloading or printing.
- British Isles Maps and Views - "free access to high quality scans of rare and beautiful antique maps and views", from MAPCO.
- Detailed scans of 1950s Ordnance Survey Maps - the New Popular Edition (in England and Wales), and the earlier sheets from the 7th Edition (in Scotland / Northern England).
- Detailed scan of the Map of England & Wales by S. Lewis & Co., London c1840, provided by MAPCO.
- Digimap - a subscription service available to UK Higher Educational Institutions that provides online access to "all available County Series maps at 1:2,500 and 1:10560 scales published between 1843 and 1939; and all available National Grid maps at 1:1,250, 1:2,500 and 1:10560/10,000 scales published from 1945".
- FamilySearch's Maps facility can be used to find parishes and see their parish boundaries overlaid on a modern Ordnance Survey map


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PORTLAND, Ore. (AP) — An Oregon arbitrator says a Portland police officer fired after fatally shooting an unarmed man in the back should get his job back.
The Oregonian reports (http://is.gd/qdwrBJ) that the police union's challenge of Officer Ronald Frashour's November 2010 termination largely rested on the testimony of police training instructors. They said Frashour followed his training when he used deadly force against Aaron Campbell on Jan. 29, 2010.
Campbell was distraught over his brother's death when he emerged from a Portland apartment, with his back toward officers and his hands behind his head. One officer fired six bean bag rounds at the man. Campbell ran toward a parked car. Frashour fired a single rifle shot, killing Campbell.
Police Chief Mike Reese said it was unreasonable for Frashour to believe that Campbell posed an "immediate threat" of death or serious injury. However, arbitrator Jane Wilkinson ruled Friday that the city didn't prove just cause to terminate the officer.
Mayor Sam Adams says the city is reviewing its options.
Information from: The Oregonian, http://www.oregonlive.com


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Most of my (adult) children and not bikers. However, I never thought I would get the news I got today. Our newest grandchild just got his name. It is Frederick. What do I do?
For the previous grandkids, we got each a bicycle on their 2nd birthday or for Christmas near their 2nd birthday......what do you get for a 2 year old Fred?????


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It's a Wonderful Life: A Live Radio Play
* Additional fees apply. No coupon or promo codes necessary to enjoy the displayed discount price.
The last date listed for It's a Wonderful Life: A Live Radio Play was Sunday December 22, 2013 / 3:00pm.
Venue Details
Reviews & Ratings
Featured review from Barb FasoRed Velvet
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Talented actors...we all enjoyed the performance very much.
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really fun experience! The radio play theme was well executed and put an interesting twist on an old favorite!
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This Show was fantastic The actors are amazing At the end a lot of the audience was crying when clarence got his wing I highly recommend this to everyone
The performance will run just under two hours with the intermission and is recommended for adults and children ages 8 and older.
About the Ticket Supplier: Wheelock Family Theatre
The Wheelock Family Theatre is an award-winning, professional Equity theatre located on the campus of Wheelock College since 1981.


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◊Applies to 5+ travelers. Book by May 31, 2016.. Enter Promo Code at time of check out. The advertised Promo Code provides discounts against our service fees on stated routes. A maximum of $10 per person can be saved by using this promo code; 5 passengers are needed to redeem the full value. Promo Code and Instant Savings offers can be combined up to the amount of our service fees. Excess savings will not be applied. Promo Code expires on date indicated and can be withdrawn at anytime without notice. Our standard service fees are $35 per person one-way/roundtrip for economy class tickets.Close [x]
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A country of rich wilderness in South America, Suriname (SR) fascinates every nature lover with its extensive swamps near the Brownsberg Nature Park. Don't forget to see creatures like crocodiles, piranhas and anacondas in their natural surroundings.
See rare birds like Cock-of-the-Rock in their natural surroundings at the Raleighvallen Nature Reserve near Paramaribo. Don't forget to explore excellent waterfalls.
Experience the colonial past of Suriname at the Fort Zeelandia in Paramaribo. The nearly flowing Suriname River adds value to the beauty of the fort.
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