text:
Richard Allen was born February 14,
1760 to a bi-racial mother and a pure
African father. Allen, his parents and
two other siblings were slaves on the
plantation of Benjamin Chew (William
Penn's lawyer; one of the commissioners
who supervised the survey of the Mason-Dixon
Line; later appointed Register General,
Attorney General and Chief Justice of
Pennsylvania). The plantation was located
on the Westside of 3rd Street between
Willings Alley, now Walnut Street, and
Spruce Street, immediately next door
to the home of Samuel Powel (one of
Philadelphia's wealthiest men; last
colonial mayor of Philadelphia before
the Revolution and first mayor after
the Revolution).
At approximately seven years of age,
Allen and his family was sold to Stokley
Sturgis, a wealthy plantation owner
near Dover, Delaware. Soon after this
time, Mrs. Allen bore three additional
children. Later, she and three of her
six children were sold away; Allen,
his older brother and a sister remained
at the plantation. There is no record
of Allen's father after this time.
Allen began his fellowship work on the
plantation when he joined the Methodist
Society of preachers. He was converted
in 1777 at the age of 17. At some point,
Sturgis became convinced that slavery
was wrong, thus he proposed that the Allens
buy their freedom for $2,000 Continental
money. And so Allen labored on the Sturgis
plantation and engaged in a variety of
additional handy work including hauling
salt during the Revolutionary War. In
1780 at the age of 20, Allen became licensed
to preach and lead church numerous meetings,
but also, he paid his last installment
and purchased his freedom! He immediately
set about preaching in and around Delaware,
New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Maryland.
In the
winter of 1784, Allen attended the first
General Conference of Methodists in America.
This historical event was held in Baltimore,
Maryland and the church established itself
as a denomination separate from the Church
of England, where John Wesley founded
Methodism. In February 1786, Allen was
appointed assistant minister at St. George's
(a Philadelphian mixed-race congregation;
the first and oldest Methodist Church
in the U.S.) and accepted an invitation
to preach the 5:00 A.M. worship service.
Within a short time, Allen so drastically
increased St. George's black membership
that the building could no longer accommodate
the growing congregation. He met with
other blacks to discuss the possibility
of organizing a church of their own, but
was met with opposition with the exceptions
of Absalom Jones (First African American
ordained Priest in the Episcopal Church),
William White and Darius Jinnings. Church
elders also rejected Allen's request and
chose instead to have black members construct
a balcony within the church. So they went
about the construction unaware that they
would be required to sit there, segregated
from their white brethren. To agitate
the situation even further, Allen witnessed
an unbelievable tragedy one Sunday morning
at St. George's that would shape
the future of his Christian walk forever.
The following is his account:
told us to go, and we would see where
to sit. We expected to take the seats
over the ones we formerly occupied below,
not knowing any better. We took those
seats. Meeting had begun, and they were
nearly done singing, and just as we got
to the seats, the elder said, 'Let us
pray.' We had not been long upon our knees
before I heard considerable scuffling
and low talking. I raised my head up and
saw one of the trustees, H-- M--, having
hold of the Rev. Absalom Jones, pulling
him off of his knees, and saving, 'You
must get up--you must not kneel here.'
Mr. Jones replied, 'Wait till prayer is
over.' Mr. H-- M-- said, 'No, you must
get up now, or I will call for aid and
force you away.' Mr. Jones said, 'Wait
until prayer is over and I will get up
and trouble you no more.' With that he
beckoned to one of the other trustees,
Mr. L-- S-- to come to his assistance.
He came, and went to William White to
pull him up. By this time prayer was over,
and we all went out of the church in a
body, and they were no more plagued with
us in the church."
the majority of the body of black Methodists
left St. George's and organized
The Free African Society on April 12,
1787, a non-denominational mutual aid
time, the Free African Society began taking
on a Quaker-style of worship by having
a period of silence before service. Unable
to accept these new practices, Allen was
"read out" of the Society on
June 20, 1789. Also around this time,
the Society sought land to build an African
church for its members. And although Allen
was disassociated from the Society, he
wholeheartedly supported their plans,
so he was given charge by Jones to purchase
land. Using his own money, Allen purchased
a plot of land from Mark Wilcox located
at 6th and Lombard Street, which then
was a very over-populated black community.
Members then decided they wanted a church
built at 5th Street, south of Walnut Street--a
white community. Also, the church denomination
was still uncertain; members voted to
be Episcopalian while though Allen and
Jones sought Methodism.
Allen purchased a blacksmith shop and
had it hauled by a team of his own horses
to his land on Lombard Street. Bishop
Francis Asbury (credited with introducing
Methodism to America) opened, preached
the first sermon and dedicated the new
place of worship on July 29, 1794. The
Reverend Dickins of St. George's suggested
the name Bethel, meaning "The house
of the Lord". By 1795, Bethel's
congregation had numbered 121; one decade
later membership was 457. In 1799 at age
of 30, Allen was ordained a deacon, the
first such in the Methodist Church by
Bishop Asbury. Then Bethel added an "African
Supplement" to its articles of incorporation
in 1807 and, on April 9, 1816, the church
won legal recognition to exist as an independent
church. In the same year, Allen and representatives
from other black Methodist congregations
in Baltimore, Maryland, Wilmington, Delaware,
Salem, New Jersey and Attleboro, Pennsylvania
convened the first General Conference
at the Bethel Church to organize the first
fully independent black denomination in
America, The African Methodist Episcopal
Church. By this time, membership was more
than 1,200.
People of Philadelphia, Baltimore, and
all other places, who shall unite with
them, shall become one body under the
name and style of the African Methodist
Episcopal Church of the United States
of North America, and that the book of
Discipline of the Methodist Episcopal
Church be adopted as our Discipline until
further orders, excepting that portion
relating to Presiding Elders."
At this
first conference, Daniel Coker was elected
Bishop. The next day, he was charged with
divulging A.M.E. business outside of the
conference and expelled from the Connection.
Subsequently, Allen was consecrated the
first Bishop of the African Methodist
Episcopal at the age of 56. A year later,
Coker was reinstated and served as a pastor
in Baltimore. In 1821, Coker sailed to
Liberia, West Africa where he spent many
years and became very instrumental in
the growth of African Methodism.
Bethel experienced discrimination and
prejudice from their white Methodist brethren.
Ironically, St. George's sought
to require payment in exchange for sending
their clergy to preach for Bethel, and
to have Bethel's land transferred
into the Methodist Conference. Allen became
even more dissatisfied as white ministers
retreated from their antislavery principles
and attempted to thwart the sovereignty
of black congregations. Whites later devised
a plan to settle free blacks in Sierra
Leone, an independent state founded on
the west coast of West Africa. However,
Allen and many other African Americans
rejected this colonization plan. In response,
the black community petitioned the state
and federal governments to end slavery,
the slave trade and repeal the Fugitive
Slave Act of 1793. (This act allowed slave-owners
to seize blacks without a warrant). Allen
was temporarily seized in 1806, but was
released when anti-slavery organizations
testified on his behalf. Finally in 1815,
St. George's successfully managed to auction
off Bethel, and Allen was required to
buy back his own church for $10,125.
it all, Bishop Allen became a very important
figure in African Methodism and in the
City of Philadelphia. He was especially
noted for helping to bury the dead during
the city's 1793 Yellow Fever Epidemic,
which took the lives of more than 4,000
persons. It was thought that blacks were
immune from the epidemic because few if
any died from it. So at the request of
Dr. Benjamin Rush, founder of Pennsylvania
Hospital, Bishop Allen and Rev. Jones
were asked to assist with the removal
and burial of the dead. Although charges
of theft were later brought against Allen
and Jones (Whites claimed that the two
overcharged for the removal of the dead
and stole valuables), Dr. Rush, Mayor
Matthew Clarkson and others publicly came
to their defense by proclaiming their
enough, Bishop Allen refused to take a
salary from the church after 1821, choosing
instead to engage in his hauling, trading
and shoemaking business. More than ever,
he began to devote a large portion of
his time to education and spreading African
Methodism. In 1824, he sent his brother,
Henry Allen, and others, at the request
of the President of Haiti, to establish
a church there. He also opened a school
for sixty children and organized the Society
of Free People of Colour for Promoting
the Instruction and School Education of
Children of African Descent. By 1811,
there were at least 11 black schools in
Philadelphia. He tried unsuccessfully
to foster a union between the A.M.E. Church
and the A.M.E. Zion Church. He did however
manage to organize the New York Conference
in 1820 and the Pittsburgh Conference
in 1830. Today, more than 2.5 million
members are still carrying out his original
programs in more than 6,200 A.M.E. churches
worldwide. The Bishop was a member of
the First African Independent Grand Lodge
of Free and Accepted Masons and served
as treasurer. (His great friend and brother
in the ministry, Absalom Jones, served
as the Right Worshipful Grand Master.
Richard Allen passed away at his home
located at 150 Spruce Street on Saturday,
March 26, 1831. It is said that he was
sitting at his front window in a rocking
Bishop was twice married. He married his
first wife, Flora, on October 19, 1790.
She was a very dependable helpmate during
the Bishop's early years of establishing
the church from 1787 to 1799. They attended
church school and worked together purchasing
land, which was eventually donated to
the church or rented out to families.
Flora Allen died on March 11, 1801. The
couple bore no children. The whereabouts
of Flora's remains are unknown.
second wife, Sarah Bass, was a widow.
She was born a slave in the Isle of Wright
County, Virginia and came to Philadelphia
at the age of eight. Richard and Flora
Allen were her former class leaders. Sarah
was said to be a "faithful counselor"
to the young and old, and did much to
assist the Bishop in his ministry.
had become a pillar in the Philadelphia
community. In fact, the church was used
regularly as a stop on the Underground
Railroad, which assisted escaped slaves
to freedom. Sarah was personally known
for hiding, feeding and clothing runaway
slaves. It is suggested that the initial
work of the Missionary Society of the
A.M.E. Church was born from Sarah's
hands. The story is that Bishop Allen
sent out his first preachers for a period
of six months to witness and grow the
A.M.E. Church. Upon their return, Bishop
Allen thought their physical condition
to be too "seedy" for an invitation
to supper, thus he joined them later that
night. When Sarah inquired of their whereabouts,
the Bishop related the condition of their
clothes. She was quoted as saying "…they
had ventilators in their elbows, knees
and trousers!" Sarah and other women
from the church spent the entire night
sewing and repairing the preachers'
clothes. Mother Sarah Allen lived to be
85 years old. She passed away July 16,
1849. She and the Bishop bore six children:
Richard Jr., James, John, Peter, Sarah
and Ann.
Richard Allen's remains, along with
those of Sarah and Bishop Morris Brown,
are entombed together at Mother Bethel
A.M.E. Church, Sixth and Lombard Streets
in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
To Top


text:
Quotes on GOP presidential ticket
-Ohio Sen. Rob Portman, one of several prominent Republicans under consideration by Romney as his running mate
"Congressman Ryan is a respected leader and a bold thinker regarding the changes needed to restore America. His selection will also help Governor Romney win the key swing state of Wisconsin. I am excited about a Romney-Ryan ticket and look forward to doing all I can to help them win this election."
-Former Minnesota Gov. Tim Pawlenty, also under consideration by Romney to be his vice presidential nominee
""Throughout his life, Mitt Romney has made great decisions, and choosing Paul Ryan as his running mate is a truly inspired choice ... Paul Ryan is a courageous reformer who understands our nation's challenges, has proposed bold policy solutions to solve them, and has shown the courage to stand up to President Obama and other Washington politicians trying to tear him down."
-Sen. Marco Rubio, R-Fla.
"There is no question that former Governor Romney now owns the Republican, Ryan budget that puts millionaires ahead of Medicare and the middle class. Congressman Paul Ryan led House Republicans in voting to end the Medicare guarantee, which increases costs on seniors and weakens America's great middle class in order to give tax breaks to millionaires, Big Oil and corporations that ship jobs overseas."
- Democratic Leader Nancy Pelosi of California
The Associated Press

subset: commoncrawl


text:
WASHOUGAL — Marikay Jester avoided working in her garden until recently. Her delay had nothing to do with persistent rain and chilly temperatures.
Across from her yard, the gnarled wreckage of metal, tree limbs and scorched Earth served as a painful reminder to her neighbor Steven Stanbary's decision to end his life and the lives of his wife, Leona Bolton Stanbary, and her twin sister, Mona Daugherty, in a hail of bullets and fire on Dec. 7.
"Everyday when you step out and you smell the ashes it has an impact whether or not you're looking at it," Jester said while standing outside her front door.
On Monday, April 2, an excavator lifted metal scraps into a 40-yard dumpster and two workers separated debris into piles, some several feet high, as the cleanup of Stanbary's property at 3275 F Place continued, nearly four months after his death. The work started Thursday.
Stanbary's neighbors on F Place expressed relief they would no longer live in the shadow of the hell Stanbary wrought. They hoped the cleanup would also allow their neighborhood to go back to being the quiet, uneventful place it was prior to Dec. 7, instead of a morbid tourist's attraction.
Bank of America, which holds the lien on the property, is paying for the cleanup, said Sherry Montgomery, Washougal's code enforcement officer. Bids for the project ran between $30,000 and $40,000. Regal Services in Vancouver won the contract, Montgomery said.
The dirt on the property is being smoothed and the concrete removed. At least three dumpsters have been filled with debris, Montgomery said. On Monday, piles with tree branches and miscellaneous items were stacked eight to 10 feet high.
The Stanbary property has four trucks and one travel trailer on it. What will happen with the vehicles remains undetermined. So does what will happen with the trees on the Stanbary property, Montgomery said.
"I would hope if I continue in this job the rest of my life that I wouldn't see anything like this (again)," Montgomery said.
F Place residents shared Montgomery's thoughts.
Lyman West and his wife, Dea Taylor-West, had befriended Stanbary, who lived across the street. West hoped the cleanup would allow his wife to heal.
"She would wake up in the middle of the night and look at (the Stanbary property)," West said. "Now that it will be cleaned up it will be better for her."
Traffic on the street should go back to normal too, West added. Seven or eight different vehicles passed the property each day after Dec. 7. That will change, West predicted.
The cleanup might also change the route Sharon Gravelle takes her granddaughter to Hathaway Elementary School.
Gravelle, who lived two doors down from Stanbary, drives through the Safeway parking lot rather than past the Stanbary house.
"It's going to be easier once it gets cleaned out," said Gravelle, who's lived on F Place for 30 years. "It's just a horrible reminder."
Ray Legendre: 360-735-4517; www.facebook.com/raylegend; www.twitter.com/col_smallcities; firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
SailNet Community (http://www.sailnet.com/forums/)
- Gear & Maintenance (http://www.sailnet.com/forums/gear-maintenance/)
- - V-bert mattress material (http://www.sailnet.com/forums/gear-maintenance/6302-v-bert-mattress-material.html)
V-bert mattress material
Any advise on what type of foam, rubber or any other material to use in mattress material for my V Berth
V-bert mattress material
Cushion foam is graded by foam density. For a tri-berth which is used often in port or at anchor, high density foam should be used. You should ask for live-aboard density to ensure comfort and back support in the long term. It costs slightly more, perhaps no more than 10%. The other classes are recreational and commercial use.
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text:
|Numéro de publication
|Type de publication
|Numéro de demande
|Date de publication
|13 mai 1997
|Date de dépôt
|3 nov. 1995
|Date de priorité
|3 nov. 1995
|État de paiement des frais
|Numéro de publication
|Arthur H. Hardy, Jr.
|Cessionnaire d'origine
|Santa Barbara Research Center
|Exporter la citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citations de brevets (7), Citations hors brevets (2), Référencé par (27), Classifications (8), Événements juridiques (5)
|Liens externes: USPTO, Cession USPTO, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to optical fibers and more particularly to methods and apparatus for coupling laser diode beams to optical fibers.
2. Description of the Related Art
Semiconductor laser diodes have very small emitting apertures whose dimensions are typically in the range of 1×200 microns. They generally have a greater beam divergence (the included angle between opposite beam edges) than other lasers. In a conventional three-axis, rectangular coordinate system, let the laser junction length coincide with the y-axis and let the x-axis be the direction of propagation of the laser radiation pattern as well as the system's optic axis. In the x-y plane, a typical divergence for semiconductor lasers is plus and minus five degrees from the optic axis. In the x-z plane, a typical divergence is plus and minus twenty degrees from the optic axis.
A laser diode beam can therefore be said to have a numerical aperture in a slow plane (x-y plane, the plane of the diode's junction) and a greater numerical aperture in a fast plane (x-z plane, the plane orthogonal to that of the diode's junction). In either the fast or slow planes, the numerical aperture (N.A.) of the beam is the product of the sine of one half the respective divergence angle and the index of refraction of the transmission medium.
Multiple laser diodes can be fabricated. in bars and arrays which can contain a large number, e.g., 10 to 100, of spaced diodes and produce considerable power, e.g., up to 30 watts cw. Many applications (such as catherization, photo dynamic therapy, welding, soldering and marking) require that high power be delivered through a relatively small fiber optic system. If the energy of these laser diodes is to be effectively used in a fiber optic system, their light-emitting apertures must be coupled to the light-carrying core of the system's optical fibers. Because optical-fiber cross sections and laser-diode emitting apertures are typically so small (measured in microns) and because laser diodes have a large numerical aperture along their high divergence axes, this coupling is complicated and requires precise mechanical alignment.
The problem has been addressed in copending application Ser. No. 08/355,878, filed Dec. 13, 1994 in the name of Arthur H. Hardy, Jr and Leland V. Gardner, and assigned to Santa Barbara Research Center, the assignee of the present invention. In this invention, it was recognized that a low NA fiber optical system inherently produced the highest energy density in any subsequent optical output system. For semiconductor lasers with their different divergence characteristics in orthogonal axes, the first step in the approach is to reduce the N.A. of the fast plane to be approximately equal to that of the slow plane. This balanced N.A. allowed the combining of both planes into a low N.A. fiber set which achieves very high power densities at the output of the system. It was also recognized that power densities could be increased by matching the cross section dimension of the fibers to that of the laser diodes (rectangular laser junction in most semiconductor lasers).
In the above associated patent application, couplers were formed that included lenses arranged to reduce the fast N.A. and direct beams to either an off-axis parabolic reflecting element (first embodiment) or an elliptical reflecting surface (second embodiment). This approach then led to the methods and apparatus of the present invention which utilize multiple fibers with formed or molded lens couplers that are mounted in a retainer for ease of alignment. It is primarily intended for coupling multiple lasers and laser diode bars in an easily assembled single unit.
This coupling problem has also been addressed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,127,068 which describes an apparatus for coupling multiple-emitter laser diodes to a multimode optical fiber. The apparatus includes a cylindrical microlens, e.g., a small diameter optical fiber, to collimate the laser diode output radiations and couple them into a transmission optical fiber. The collimation is performed in the high divergence axis of the laser diode and the diameter of the microlens is chosen to substantially equal the diameter of the transmission fiber.
In an embodiment, an optical fiber array is coupled to a diode bar which has a plurality of spaced laser diode emitters. Each fiber of the fiber array is spaced to match the diode spacing of the diode bar and the microlens optical fiber is positioned between the diode bar and the fiber array and oriented to extend along the length of the laser diode bar. In this embodiment, the fibers of the array have a 250 micron diameter. The microlens also has a 250 micron diameter fiber, and is spaced approximately 50 microns from the laser diode emitting surface and about 300 microns from the ends of each of the optical fibers.
This arrangement requires several small parts to be precisely assembled over the full length of the diode bar with accurate spacing both horizontally and vertically. Spacings this small present difficult alignment problems but are necessary because of the short focal length microlens which is dictated by the coupling structure. The complete sequence of alignment and assembly is a difficult and time-consuming operation. In addition, great care must be taken to keep the optical surfaces free of any assembly adhesive or other contaminant.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,080,706 describes a method of forming cylindrical microlenses having various optically-desirable focusing shapes. Such cylindrical lenses could be used in a manner taught by U.S. Pat. No. 5,127,068 but this use would do little to resolve the associated assembly problems.
In another coupling approach (Jones, Michael D., et al.. "Compact Robust Fiber-Optic Diode Laser Array Module for Solid-State Laser Pumping and Beacon Applications", Proceedings of SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering, v 2148, 1994, pp. 332-338) a cylindrical lens is positioned across a large core diameter fiber and the numerical aperture of the fiber is selected to conform with the numerical aperture along the slow plane of the laser diode beam. Although this structure can successfully couple the laser diode beam into a cylindrical optical fiber, the resulting power density is limited because of the disparity between the long, thin rectangular shape of the emitting apertures of laser diodes and the cylindrical shape of the optical fiber. In addition, a separate, delicate microlens must be fabricated and cemented to the fiber. This is a difficult manufacturing operation, further complicated by the additional constraint of keeping epoxy off the front surface of the lens.
The present invention is directed to optical couplers which are easily aligned with laser diodes and laser diode bars and which can efficiency receive and transmit the laser diode radiation with its different numerical apertures.
This goal is realized with a coupler which includes a rectangular optical fiber and a convex cylindrical lens which is formed across an end of the fiber. The optical fiber has a pair of broad walls, a pair of narrow walls and a numerical aperture which is preferably selected to be slightly greater than the radiation's numerical aperture along its slow plane. The cylindrical lens is shaped to define a curved surface and which is configured to reduce the laser's fast numerical aperture to be equal to or less than that of laser's slow numerical aperture and equal to or slightly less than a conduit fiber's numerical aperture. Accordingly, the coupler is oriented to receive the radiation with the optical cross section of its lens substantially parallel with the laser's fast numerical aperture.
The rectangular cross-sectional shape of the optical fiber is selected to closely conform with the rectangular shape of typical laser diode apertures. Consequently, the resulting power density within the fiber is enhanced because the rectangular acceptance region of the fiber has a high degree of conformity with the rectangular-shaped laser diode.
In one coupler embodiment, the fiber end is ground to form the cylindrical lens surface. In another coupler embodiment, the cylindrical lens is molded as an extension of the fiber end. The molded extension preferably can also form a rib which protrudes past the curved lens surface for its protection.
These individual couplers are also combined to form composite optical couplers for receiving a plurality of radiation beams. In the composite couplers, a plurality of individual couplers are held in a fixed spatial relationship by a retainer. In one embodiment, the retainer has first and second clamp members and a plurality of channels are formed by at least one of the clamp members. Each of the channels is configured to receive a different one of the fibers. In another retainer embodiment, the retainer includes spacers which are positioned between different pairs of the fibers and between the first and second clamp members.
The invention is also directed to methods for forming the optical couplers. In a first method, an end of a rectangular fiber is captured between first and second clamp members, the fiber's broad walls are ground to form a substantially V-shaped end and the V-shaped end is rounded to form the curved surface.
In a second method, a mold is provided with a groove which has a transverse profile. After an end of a fiber is received into the groove, the groove is filled with an optical-grade plastic. The plastic is allowed to solidify into a lens which adheres to the fiber's end. The groove's transverse profile is configured to define a predetermined optical cross section for the lens.
The present invention provides efficient coupling apparatus between lasers and fibers that is especially advantageous for coupling multiple laser junctions in a small volume at low cost. A specific list of advantages for the invention includes the following:
1) high power density laser radiation patterns can be achieved using this invention because the apparatus provides an output with low numerical aperture, (reduced beam divergence), which is the basis for ultimately producing very high density beams;
2) the invention described herein provides couplers that efficiently match the most common laser emission patterns, i.e., the rectangular configuration of semiconductor laser diodes;
3) this invention also provides increased power densities with apparatus designed for coupling multiple emitters (laser, diode bars) into a concentrated beam;
4) increased coupling efficiency is achieved because this apparatus employs a lens surface formed from a fiber end which inherently provides shorter distances between laser and fiber which, in turn, leads to higher power density outputs;
5) coupling efficiency is also increased because only one optical surface loss is involved rather than three as in some previous solutions;
6) important low cost manufacturing advantages are obtained because the methods and apparatus of this invention provide ease of alignment and assembly for multiple laser couplers in a single assembly, and
7) an additional assembly advantage is obtained because the assembled coupler requires fewer parts than existing approaches.
The novel features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention will be best understood from the following description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of an optical coupler for coupling multiple laser diode beams to a plurality of optical fibers;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the coupler of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3A is an enlarged view of the structure within the curved line 3A of FIG. 1, showing its use in association with a laser diode bar;
FIG. 3B is a top plan view of the structures of FIG. 3A;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view similar to FIG. 3A which illustrates the initial steps in a method for forming the coupler of FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 5 is front elevation view of the structure of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 4 showing; subsequent steps in forming the coupler of FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 6 showing; subsequent steps in forming the coupler of FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 5 illustrating an alternate method for forming the coupler of FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 9 is a view similar to FIG. 5 illustrating an alternate method for forming the coupler of FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 10 is an enlarged view similar to FIG. 4 that illustrates another coupler embodiment;
FIG. 11 is an enlarged view which illustrates steps in forming the coupler embodiment of FIG. 10;
FIG. 12 is a view similar to FIG. 11, illustrating a method of forming another coupler embodiment;
FIG. 13 is a partial view of a coupler embodiment formed in accordance with the method illustrated in FIG. 12;
FIG. 14A is a plan view of a conventional coupler assembly; and
FIG. 14B is a plan view of a coupler embodiment of the present invention.
An optical coupler 20 is illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 (assembly of multiple fibers and lasers) and in FIGS. 3A and 3B (single fiber and laser within the assembly). The coupler 20 includes a plurality of spaced optical fibers 22, each having an entrance end 24 that is captured in a retainer 25. The retainer 25 includes clamp members in the form of a glass substrate 26 and a glass cover sheet 28. The clamp members hold the fibers 22 in a fixed, spatial relationship with each other. The length of each optical fiber 22 is chosen so that the fiber can be positioned along a path that places its exit end 30 at a selected location for delivery of laser energy that is coupled into its entrance end 24.
Each entrance end 24 has a cylindrical lens 32. In particular, each optical fiber entrance end 24 is shaped to form the lens 32. The substrate 26 and cover sheet 28 are ground away from opposite broad walls 33 and 34 of the optical fibers 22 so that their respective beveled surfaces 35 and 36 are a continuation of a curved surface 37 of the cylindrical lens as shown in FIG. 3A. Each fiber 22 is rectangular with a thickness 38 and a width 39 (FIGS. 3A and 3B).
The coupler 20 is designed for coupling laser energy from a diode bar which emits laser beams from a plurality of apertures that are spaced along a common plane. Accordingly, in the enlarged views of FIGS. 3A and 3B, a laser diode bar 40 is spaced from the coupler 20 and positioned so that each of its apertures in face 44 is opposite the receiving end 24 of a different one, e.g., 22A, of the rectangular optical fibers. The beam 42, emitted by an aperture of the laser diode bar 40, is received into the optical fiber 22A through its lens 32A.
The numerical aperture of each optical fiber 22 is selected to be compatible with the numerical aperture of the laser beam 42 along its slow plane (the plane parallel with its respective diode junction 43). Thus, the beam 42 will be received in its slow plane by the optical fiber 22A and will be guided along the fiber by total internal reflection from the fiber's opposed narrow walls 45 and 46. As shown in FIG. 3A, the curved surface 37 is configured to reduce the laser beam's numerical aperture along its fast plane (the plane orthogonal to its respective diode junction 43) to a numerical aperture that is also compatible with the selected numerical aperture of the optical fiber 22A. Accordingly, the optical cross section of the curved surface 37 of the cylindrical lens 32 is arranged to be substantially perpendicular to a central plane 49 of the fiber 22A. FIG. 3A illustrates a specific example of a curved surface 37 in which the lens 32A has reduced the beam's numerical aperture along its fast plane to nearly zero, i.e., the beam 42 has been nearly collimated in this plane.
As shown in FIG. 3A, the coupler 20 and the laser bar 40 are aligned along the plane 49 and spaced apart by a space 48. In operation of the coupler 20, the N.A, in the slow plane of the beam 42 remains unchanged with passage through the lens 32, because the lens 32 is a cylindrical lens with the cylinder axis parallel with the long dimension of the laser diode junctions. In contrast, the N.A. in the fast plane of the beam 42 is reduced by the lens 32.
For example, the lens 32 can be configured with curved surface 37 which reduces the N.A. in the fast plane to substantially equal the N.A. of the slow plane. If this reduced N.A. in the fast plane (which is also the N.A. in the slow plane) is greater than the N.A. of the fibers 22, radiation energy will penetrate the cladding of the fibers 22 and be lost. Alternatively, if this reduced N.A. in the fast plane is less than the N.A. of the fibers 22, the beam N.A. will expand with transit through the fibers until it matches the N.A. of the fibers.
Accordingly, the N.A. of the fibers 22 is preferably selected to be equal to or slightly greater than the N.A. in the slow plane of the beam 42 and the lens 32 is configured to reduce the N.A. in the fast plane, of the beam 42 to be equal to or less than that of the slow axial plane. A slightly greater N.A. of the fibers 22 prevents energy loss through the fiber cladding and, in addition, can be designed to compensate for slight angular misalignment between the diode apertures and the fibers 22.
A method for making the optical coupler 20 is illustrated in FIGS. 4, 5, 6 and 7. FIG. 4 is a view of the same coupler area of FIG. 3A before complete formation of the coupler 20. In FIGS. 4 and 5, a glass substrate 50 has been shaped to define spaced channels 52 whose dimensions are selected to each receive an optical fiber 54. The spacing between channels 52 is selected to match the spacing between the emitting apertures of a diode bar whose laser beams are to be coupled into the optical fibers 54. A cover sheet 56 is positioned as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 to capture the optical fibers 54 between it and the substrate 50. Prior to final assembly, an epoxy 58 is placed on all mating surfaces and the fibers 54, the substrate 50 and cover sheet 56 reassembled and permanently joined by the epoxy. The epoxy preferably has an index of refraction that is equal to or less than that of the fiber's cladding.
As shown in FIG. 6, the substrate 50 and cover sheet 56 are then ground from the opposed broad walls 60, 61 of the fibers 54 to form respective ground surfaces 62 and 64; the broken lines 65 indicate the outlines of the substrate 50 and cover sheet 56 prior to this operation. The grinding operation is conducted so as to leave the entrance end 66 of the optical. fibers 54 with a V-shaped cross section 68 along a plane that is orthogonal to their broad walls 60 and 61. This operation can be accomplished with any material removal processes routinely used in optical fiber art, e.g., grinding and lapping, and the ground angle is preferably tangent to the top and bottom of the selected cylindrical lens.
Finally, as shown in FIG. 7, the V-shaped fiber end 68 is ground and polished to achieve the curved surface 37, e.g., one having a constant radius of curvature (47 in FIG. 3A), which reduces all rays to angles equal to or less than those of the slow N.A. beam. This operation can be accomplished by any appropriate process routinely used in the optical fiber fabrication. The result of this method is a single assembly which is ready for use with laser diode bars with no requirement for alignment of individual laser junctions. Also, shaping the ends of each fiber has eliminated the need for a separate lens to be held in space.
FIG. 8 illustrates an alternate fabrication step in which the substrate 50 and cover sheet 56 of FIG. 5 are shaped to define matching channels 80 and 82 which cooperatively receive the optical fibers 54. FIG. 9 illustrates another alternate fabrication step in which the substrate 50 and cover sheet 56 are formed with optically fiat opposed surfaces 84 and 86. Spacers 90 are shaped to have substantially the same thickness as the optical fibers 54, and widths that will provide the desired fiber spacing when each spacer 90 is placed between a pair of fibers 54. With the spacers 90 interleaved with the fibers 54 and both captured between the surfaces 84 and 86, the parts are bonded together with epoxy as described above relative to FIGS. 4 and 5.
Another method of forming couplers with optical fibers having cylindrical lenses at their entrance ends is illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11. As seen in FIG. 10, this method starts with an arrangement similar to that of FIG. 4, but the entrance end 66 of each fiber 54 may be flush with or allowed to protrude from the substrate 50 and cover sheet 56. FIG. 11 illustrates one exemplary method which uses a mold 100 that is formed with a concave groove 102 (for clarity of illustration, the mold is shown in section). The groove 102 has a transverse profile which is shaped to form the curved surface 37 of FIG. 3A, The assembly of FIG. 10 is positioned with each fiber entrance end 66 inserted into the groove 102. The groove is then filled with an optical grade plastic 104 which adheres to the entrance end 66 upon hardening. Such plastics can be selected for air curing, temperature curing or ultraviolet light curing.
After the plastic has hardened and adhered to the receiving end 66, the assembly is removed from the mold 100. Each entrance end 66 now carries a cylindrical lens member 106 with a curved surface determined by the transverse profile of the mold groove 102. A significant advantage of this method is that a single mold can be used to form a single lens for a full multiple diode bar. The method illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11 can be modified to produce fiber entrance ends 66 that have one or more abutment members, e.g., ribs, which prevent damage to the sensitive lens and the sensitive apertures of laser diodes.
This configuration is produced by modifying the mold 100 to form the mold 110 shown in FIG. 12. The mold 110 has a depression 111 that includes a concave groove 112 positioned between two deeper grooves 114 and 116. The depression 111 is filled with an optical grade plastic 104 to form a cylindrical lens 117 which is carried by the fiber entrance end 66 as shown in FIG. 13. This operation also forms ribs 118 and 120 which are spaced to each side of the lens 117.
The methods illustrated in FIGS. 4-13 can also be used to form simple couplers in the form of discrete rectangular optical fibers that carry a lens at one end. For example, the substrate 50, cover sheet 56 and optical fibers 54 of FIGS. 4 and 5 can be releasably bonded together, e.g., with a wax adhesive. After the lens 70 of FIG. 7 has been formed on each of the fibers, the wax can be removed, e.g., by heating or with a solvent, and the optical fibers removed for separate coupler use. Similar processes can be used with the methods illustrated in FIGS. 10-13 to form discrete optical fibers that carry a lens at one end.
FIGS. 14A and 14B illustrate the increased power density obtained with the present invention when compared to an exemplary prior apparatus. In FIG. 14A, a prior apparatus 130 is shown with a fiber microlens 132 positioned between a laser emitter 134 and a conduit fiber 136. A laser beam 138 is radiated from an aperture having an initial width 139 (typically 200 microns). The beam 138 has a half angle divergence 140 (typically 5°). The microlens 132 has a diameter 141 (typically 250 microns) and it is separated from the emitter 134 by a space 142 (typically 50 microns). The fiber 136 has a width 144 (typically 250 microns) and is separated from the microlens 132 by a space 146 (typically 300 microns). Slight bending of the beam 138 through the microlens 141 is not shown but a significant loss of energy is apparent at the entrance 148 of the fiber 136.
In contrast, FIG. 14B illustrates an embodiment 150 of the present invention with like elements indicated by like reference numbers. The laser beam 138 is received into a conduit fiber 152 which has its end 154 shaped in a lens 156 (similar to the lens 32A of FIGS. 3A and 3B, the lens 106 of FIG. 10 or the lens 117 of FIG. 13). The lens 156 is separated from the laser emitter 134 by a space 158 which is typically 50 to 100 microns. With the distance between the laser emitter 134 and the receiving conduit fiber shortened because the lens 156 has been formed as an integral part of the fiber 152, more of the energy of the beam 138 is transmitted with identical laser and fiber dimensions. In addition, these figures show that three optical surfaces and their associated losses are encountered in FIG. 14A but only one surface loss is found in the present invention of FIG. 14B.
Although the fiber receiving ends 24 are held in a fixed, spaced relationship in FIGS. 1, 2, 3A and 3B by a retainer 25 in the form of clamp members 26, 28, various other retainer structures well known in the optical art may be used to achieve this relationship. For example, the retainer 25 can be formed by setting the receiving ends 24 in an epoxy or other optically transmitting material.
The couplers of the invention provide simple and efficient coupling between laser diodes and optical fibers. The coupling efficiency (and consequent power density within each fiber) is enhanced because the shape of the rectangular optical fibers of the couplers conforms with that of the rectangular emitting apertures of laser diodes and the laser energy has such a short distance to travel before entering the clad fiber. They are simple to fabricate and are easily positioned as a single assembly for reception of laser diode radiation.
Rectangular optical fibers are typically formed as an integral fiber but other fabrication processes are also conventionally used. In an exemplary technique, a plurality of square fibers are arranged in a row to make up a rectangular cross-sectional shape. The square fibers are then maintained in this arrangement by an envelope of a suitable material, e.g., a polymer. Accordingly, the descriptive term of rectangular optical fiber is directed to the final fiber cross-sectional shape regardless of how that shape is obtained.
Illustrative embodiments have been disclosed of optical couplers that facilitate efficient, time-saving alignments with laser diode sources. The preferred embodiments of the invention described herein are exemplary, and numerous modifications and rearrangements can be readily envisioned to achieve an equivalent result, all of which are intended to be embraced within the scope of the appended claims.
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Owner name: SANTA BARBARA RESEARCH CENTER, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HARDY, ARTHUR H., JR.;REEL/FRAME:007790/0360
Effective date: 19951101
|5 aoűt 1996
Owner name: HUGHES ELECTRONICS, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SANTA BARBARA RESEARCH CENTER;REEL/FRAME:008067/0237
Effective date: 19960711
|16 oct. 2000
|Fee payment
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|20 oct. 2004
|Fee payment
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|17 oct. 2008
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Someone on eBay is auctioning the entire 17 volume set of the ESA Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues, which includes (in volumes 14-16) the Millennium Star Atlas:
The set looks to be in very nice shape, but the bidding does start at $850, with shipping at $75. I don't know the bidder or otherwise have any connection to the auction. Just thought that some of the bibliophiles here might be interested in seeing what the set looks like. The bibliophile in me might want the set (though not at that price) but another part of me definitely sees the logic of going digital given the massive size of the set--the listing states that the set takes up 21 inches of shelf space, weighs 65 lbs, and is 12" x 8 1/2". I have the hardcover set of the Millennium Star Atlas and can attest to the sheer heft of just those three volumes alone!
ESA Hipparcos/Tycho 17 Volume Set on eBay
Started by turtle86 , Sep 24 2012 01:47 PM
No replies to this topic


text:
The most comprehensive study of its kind shows that millions of people are being failed by their surgeries.
Under NHS standards, all patients should be able to see a GP within two working days. However, the Healthcare Commission annual healthcheck report says that this is happening in only 31 per cent of primary care trust areas.
And ministers and GPs have been locked in bitter negotiations about forcing surgeries to open for extended hours, offering appointments into the evening, early in the morning and on Saturdays.
Gary Needle, at the Healthcare Commission, said: "Patients are not getting sufficient access to their GPs is the message from this measure."
Andrew Lansley, shadow health secretary said: "Despite all their talk, Labour are still failing patients when it comes to choice and access to a GP.
"It's appalling that in seven out of 10 areas, people aren't able to see their doctor within 48 hours when they wish.
"It shows the utter failure of Labour's top-down targets to bring about the best results for patients."
Norman Lamb, the Liberal Democrat health spokesman, said: "For years people have known that ministers' complacent assurances about how easy it was to see a GP were wrong.
"At last a proper assessment has taken place so we can see the reality of the situation. This scandalous finding must force the Government to act now."
Last year the report found that 80 per cent of patients were able to see their GPs within 48 hours.
Rather than asking patients, the data was gathered by using "mystery patients" who made spot checks to see if they could get an appointment.
This year, for the first time, the commission included information from a patient survey.
The report has sparked a row with doctors who have said the figures are misleading.
Dr Hamish Meldrum, chairman of the British Medical Association said: "The report's conclusion that there has been a dramatic decline in primary care trusts meeting the GP 48-hour access target is misleading.
"There has been such significant change in the way the research has been compiled compared to last year that it is impossible to compare the data for the two years in question. The access figures are even more confusing when you consider that a recent survey showed almost 9 out of 10 patients were satisfied that they were able to get an appointment within 48 hours.
"GPs are working hard to offer as much flexibility as they can to patients, as well as providing speedy access, and delivering an expanding range of services to patients."
The latest figures show the average annual earnings of GPs, who are paid to hit the targets on appointments, are £103,530 - a drop of 2.6 per cent on last year after years of rising pay. They also showed 258 doctors earned more than £250,000 before tax last year.
The commission's healthcheck is an in-depth investigation into the NHS with each hospital trust, primary care trust, mental health trust and ambulance trust measured on waiting times, hygiene, confidentiality, management of records, reducing deaths from cancer and heart disease, cutting superbug rates and treating patients with dignity and respect.
While the report found there had been improvements in many areas, it found that infection control was a serious problem with "lapses at almost every trust visited" and six out of 10 trusts failing on at least one measure.
The Commission said that other infections such as norovirus - the winter vomiting bug that reached record levels last winter - should be included in the measures in the future alongside Clostridium difficile and MRSA.
Of the 114 trusts that failed on at least one infection control measure, 11 said they were compliant only for this to be overturned by inspectors.
There is concern about infection control in community hospitals, district nursing, ambulances and midwifery and these areas will have extra focus in the next inspections.
Six trusts scored double weak marks including one Scarborough and North East Yorkshire NHS Healthcare Trust which has scored double weak for the second year running.
The North of England performed best, the South-West showed most improvement and London was the only area to where the quality of services declined.
Improvements in waiting times for cancer had been "absolutely spectacular" and there was good progress on waiting time targets, the report found.
It also said out of a total of 391 trusts in England 42 trusts scored "excellent" on both use of resources and quality of services. This was an increase from 19 last year. The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust was the only trust to score double excellent for three years running.
These trusts and those that have shown significant improvement have received a joint letter from the chairman of the Healthcare Commission Sir Ian Kennedy and Health Secretary Alan Johnson congratulating them on their performance.
Sir Ian said: "Patients and the public should celebrate these results as they show a real shift in performance.
"Performance is not universally good, however. Some trusts are still not doing enough all that's necessary to sustain the drop in rates of infection."
A Department of Health spokesman said: "We know from independently administered GP patient surveys involving 5 million patients that 86 per cent of people say they can book appointments within 48 hours, compared with 85 per cent in 2007. The Healthcare Commission's assessment of Primary Care Trusts is based on this same data. We know that access is improving, but can still improve further - we want every patient to be able to see their GP within 48 hours and be able to book an appointment ahead."


text:
Three years undercover with one of the worst gangs in the country left FBI agent Joshua Chastain shattered. Battling nightmares and addiction, he leaves the concrete jungle for New Mexico horse country, hoping to start over on his uncles ranch.
Foreman Eli Kelly spends his life rehabilitating abused animals, and Joshua is just another lost soul. But as Joshua slowly begins to put his life back together, Eli realizes that Joshua is a lot more than his newest project.
Joshuas plan seems to workmaybe a fresh start was just what he needed. Then, just when he has finally found a sense of peace, crime and hatred nearly destroy all his hard work, forcing him to reevaluate what he wants out his relationship with Eli and his own life.
IT WAS always the same dream. The warehouse, reeking of cigarette smoke, diesel fuel, and desperation; the slow yellow flash of the lights rotating on the idling forklift, reflecting off the oily floor; the slosh of water against the riverside dock; the sharp, angry voices of the men around him.
And the womanbarely a woman, more a girl, her tight T-shirt stretched over the rounded belly she had her hands clasped on. Four, maybe five months pregnant, just starting to show. She was on her knees in front of the angriest of the men. Little bitch! He smacked her with the butt of the pistol; she went sprawling, her long dark hair spilling around her bloodied face, blending with the swirls of black oil on the floor. How much did you take?
Not much, Chete, she whined, and tried to get up. He kicked her in the thigh and sent her down again. Just a little, a few buckspara el niño
Bullshit el niño, Machete Montenegro said, and kicked her again.
Boss, JoshuaJosésaid quietly.
Shut up, pendejo. Lina, how much?
Two grand, she admitted, weeping openly now. Just two grand. For the baby
Fuck the baby. It wasnt for the baby or youd be long gone. Where is it?
Adelicio has it, Lina admitted. I gave it to Adelicio.
Fuck, Chete said. He looked over at where José and the rest of his men stood. Im done with her. Finish it.
Do it.
JOSHUA sat up in bed, sweat soaking his T-shirt and pouring down his neck at the remembered sound of the gunshot. God damn itit had been four months, and he was still fucking dreaming about it. It wasnt as if Chete hadnt ordered people killed before. It wasnt as if he hadnt killed people himself, for that matter. But it was always men beforerival gang members, traitors, whoever Chete or the other bosses said. Never a woman.
Never a pregnant woman. He ran his fingers over the fuzz of his growing-out hair, longing for a cigarette, longing for a drink. Longing for the heroin that once buzzed in his blood and kept him solid in the hell that had been his life for so long.
You all right? The tinny voice came from the speaker by the door. Theyd taken to monitoring his room at night after the last couple of nightmares had left him broken and hysterical. They werent his jailers, he reminded himself. They were trying to help.
The problem was he didnt know if there was anything left of him to help.
MORNING came eventually, and with it, the weekly visit from his mother. He hated the way she looked: far older than should be accounted for by the three years of his exile, as he thought of it. Shed shrunk in on herself, the tall slender beauty curved as if bracing for a blow, the sleek dark hair streaked with silver. He knew shed visited him in the early days he didnt remember, and thought maybe that was the reason she watched him with such fearful eyes, though he was always careful to move slowly and speak gently to her. Their conversation was of simple thingshis sisters new boyfriend, his mothers business concerns, his uncles ranchsmall, casual tidbits of news, without emotional resonance. Once or twice in the last few weeks, shed tentatively mentioned the trial, but only in passing, as if it was something that didnt quite matter. It didnt, really. His part in that was done. It wasnt as if hed have to go to courtthe evidence the Feds had was more than enough to put them all away.
But when the trial was done, so was he. There was nothing after the trial. It was as if the world had ended, leaving only a long, empty, blank space. He couldnt imagine anything after that.
This morning his mother was wearing a spring jacket in a primrose yellow that made her dark hair glow. Shed had her hair colored so that the gray didnt show, and shed had her nails done. It looked so pretty he couldnt help but smile, despite his weariness. You look nice, he said.
Thanks, sweetheart. She reached up and kissed his cheek, running her hand over his fuzz of hair, just as he had during the night. Its growing out. Thats nice. I didnt like the shaved head. Made you look mean.
That was the whole point, he said gently. He knew what she meantit made him look skeletal, with his sunken cheeks and hollow eyes. Hed put on some weight since hed been here, but it wasnt more than a handful of pounds. He had no appetite. He only really wanted the drug. He only really wanted to forget. So whats the occasion?
I talked to your Uncle Tucker last night.
He smiled politely and held the wooden guest chair for her, then sat across from her on the edge of the narrow bed. How is Uncle Tuck?
Oh, hes good. Hes making noises about getting old, but he always does that. She fidgeted a moment, then said, The lawyers came to see me. And Mr. Robinson.
All the pleasure of seeing her drained away. Hes not supposed to see you, he said tightly. Hes supposed to leave you alone.
Its all right, Joshua, she assured him. He wanted to let me knowto let you knowthat the hearing is over. Your part of it is done. This nightmare is over. The evidence they have is more than enough to put those bastards away forever, and the grand jury agreed. They arent being granted bail. Now its just the trial, and that wont happen for years yet.
He stared at her, at the new happiness in her eyes, the relief, and felt only the same emptiness. Thats nice.
Nice? Its wonderful. As soon as you can leave here, you can start over
She stopped. He spread his hands widethose long-fingered hands, still broad across, though the tendons were sharp against the thin skin: the hands of a junkie. The hands of a killer. I got nowhere to go.
Mr. Robinson said
Mr. Robinson can go to hell. There was no vitriol in the wordsthey were just words. Do you think I have a snowballs chance in hell out there? Yeah, they got Montenegro. But the cartels still in business. Theyll come for me, once they know Im out. The minute I hit the street theyll realize I was the one that sold out Montenegro, and Im dead.
They wont look for you. They think youre in prison here in Cincinnati. Mr. Robinson said you and they were very careful not to involve us. They dont even know your real name, so were not in any danger of reprisals. You can leave, and be safe.
He cocked his head, looked at her, the words making no sense at all to him. What?
Thats what I wanted to tell you. When Mr. Robinson said it was all over, and you were free to go, I called your uncle. Hes been wanting you to come to the ranch, to stay there and maybe take over someday, if you like it. Those terrible men wont find you there. You can have your old life back. You can be my Joshua again, and leave all this behind. Cathy and the kids can come see you on vacationsthey dont even remember you anymore. She smoothed her hand over his cheek. I hardly remember you anymore. I want my Joshua back.
He stared at her bright dark eyes and thought, Your Joshua is dead, lady.
Chapter 1
ELI leaned on the fence and watched the kid working with the sorrel mare. She was feeling the cooler weather September was bringing, and she frisked delightedly around the patient boy. It was good to see her lively. He remembered when she first came here, her coat dull and shaggy, scarred from abuse and neglect, her tail tangled and droopy and her eyes sunken and hopeless. Now her tail flew like a red silk flag, the upswept conformation hinting at Arabian blood, her dark liquid eyes bright, her coat clean and well-brushed and healthy, though there were still white streaks where the scars had been. She was one of the lucky ones; too many of the rescue animals that came here lived such a short time before the years of neglect and damage took their toll. When shed arrived, hed judged her to be about twenty, at least, and was shocked when the vet said she was no more than five. Now, she looked it. Jesse, he called softly in his calmest voice, not wanting to startle either the mare or the boy, see if you can get her to take the bridle. She took it yesterdayI want her to get used to wearing it.
Sir, Jesse acknowledged with a faint nod, his voice low and calm, just as Eli had taught him. He moved slowly toward where the bridle was draped on the fence, never letting his attention stray from the mare. When he picked up the bridle, it jingled softly, and the mare bounced, not so much startled as seeing it as a new game. God, she was so youngshe and Jesse would make a good pair once the boy had finished training. The Pueblo didnt have a tradition of horsemanship, but Jessea member of the Isleta Pueblo near Albuquerquehadnt let that stop him. He was a natural, only fifteen and already one of Elis most promising students.
Jesse began speaking to the mare, very softly. The mare stopped bouncing, flicking her ears forward in interest. He didnt move but let the horse come to him, and she did, shifting in tiny steps, pretending not to move forward even as she let the boys musical voice and nonsense wordsor maybe they were Tiwa, Eli didnt know the differencelure her to him. When she finally stood snuffling Jesses hair, the boy raised his hands slowly and let her sniff and lip the bridle before easing the bit into her mouth. He held it there a moment, then slowly slipped the leather straps over her head, letting her accept it at each stage, until the bit was settled in the gap behind her teeth. The only thing Jesse had to do was fasten the chin strap. He murmured to her softly as he scratched beneath her chin on his way to the buckle, and when hed fastened it, scratched her cheek beside the leather and steel. Beautiful girl, he said, loud enough for Eli to hear it. Beautiful, beautiful girl.
She bobbed her head as if in agreement, then bounced away, the moment broken. They watched her carefully, but she didnt seem to mind the bridledidnt try to scrape it off against the fence as some of them did, with damage to both the horse and the bridle. Good, Eli told Jesse, who came and leaned against the fence beside where Eli stood. Youre coming on.
Shes a sweetheart, Jesse said.
Yep. I think youre a good pairIm going to see if Tuckerll be willing to assign her to you once youre done. Give you some time to get used to each others quirks before the next NFS mustang roundup. The Triple C, Tucker Chastains ranch, was one of the contractors for the National Forestry Service, which managed the mustang herds on federal land. You cant ride in the roundup til youre sixteen, but if I recollect, youll have just hit that mark by next spring. In the meantime, though, youre gonna have to take on a few more projects like Sallee, here.
Im up for it, Jesse said.
I know you are, chico. Eli tilted his hat back and scratched his forehead. Okay, give her another twenty minutes with the bridle, and then I want you to introduce her to neck reins. Loop em up so they dont dangle, but lay em across her withers so she gets used to the feel of them.
Yessir, Jesse said.
Eli shot the kid a grin. Gotta goBig Boss is callin. Jesse gave him a matching grin, then turned his attention back to the mare. Eli straightened his hat, then turned and headed for the barn where Tucker waited. Boss.
Eli. Kids looking good.
Yeah, hes a natural.
Seems to have an affinity for that animal.
Yessir. Sallee and him are a good match, personality-wise. Shed make a good mount for himhes about outgrown Charlie. Hes ready for something a little more lively, more a challenge to him.
Yeah. Tucker indicated the bench beside the barn door. It was in the shade, and Eli settled down on it gratefully. Chastain dropped down beside him, stretched out his long legs, and folded his arms across his chest. They sat that way in silence a moment; Eli didnt have anything to say, and Tucker, he knew, took his time about saying what he did.
Finally Tucker shifted and said, What do you think about the men we have on the payroll?
Eli frowned. Good men. Cant say Ive had a problem with any of them in general. Couple of them a bit mouthy, but since we got rid of that drunk, Leon, I think theyre a good bunch. Why? Thinking of laying someone off? He didnt like the idea, but Chastain was the owner, and he knew what the financial situation was better than Eli would.
No. Bringing someone on, actually.
The frown deepened, and Eli sat thinking. He might not know the finances, but as foreman, he sure knew the workload, and it didnt warrant an extra hand. Unless Chastain was planning on bringing on more work. You taking on more animals?
Not anytime soon. Not til the bank and I decide whats gonna happen with the additional acreage. But thatll be months yet.
Then we probably aint got work for another hand. Not sos itd be worth what wed have to pay him.
Hes not a hand, exactly. Tucker blew out a breath. My nephews coming out. I need the help with the business, and Im thinking of training him up to run the place after I retire.
Youre not thinking of retiring yet, Eli said. He knew that for a factTucker loved the ranch, loved the work, and was only in his late fifties. Far too young to think about retirement.
No. But Im spending more and more time on managing the business end, and less and less time training horses. Josh is a smart guy, a city guy, and I figure hell know what to do about websites and Facebook and Twitter and all that shit.
I thought he was some big shot FBI agent, Eli said idly.
He was. I dont know the facts, but I know this last assignment of his went bad somehow, and he quit. Hes been in the hospital a while, and Hannah wants him out of the city and someplace he can take his time recovering.
He get shot or something?
Hell if I know. You know those Fedsthey dont tell you nothing you dont need to know.
The only Feds Eli knew were the guys at the NFS and the ones at the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and they were all pretty decent fellas, so he didnt say anything. He just nodded and stared out across the paddock.
So I figured wed kill two birds with one stone. Josh can come out here and get his health back, and I can teach him about ranching while hes doing it. Working in the office probably wont hurt, either.
I dont think Ive met him, Eli mused. I know your niece and her kidsthey were out a couple summers agobut he aint been out here sos I remember.
Not since he was a kid. They used to come out every summer. Hannahs been living back East since college. He didnt say anything more. Eli knew that there wasnt a Mr. Hannah, and Josh and Cathy had their mothers last name (though Cathy was married and divorced, from what Tucker had told him), but he didnt know anything more than that. Wasnt his business anyway.
So why dja ask about the men? You think they wont be happy with a Fed living among em?
Him being a Fed aint the issue. I was thinking more about him being my nephew, and him not knowing nothing about ranch life and all. Could be a lot of resentment and such.
Eli shook his head. I dont think thatll be a problem. As long as he aint an asshole, I think hell be fine. Can he at least ride?
Hell if I know, Chastain said again. He did as a kid.
Then hell probably be fine. Therell be some jockeyin, the same way there is whenever we take on a new hand, but itll all shake down okay. As long as he aint a prissy bitch or an asshole, and seeing as how he was an FBI agent, I kinda doubt hes a prissy bitch.
He better not be an asshole, Chastain said. I dont need the trouble, and Id really like to know that Im leaving the ranch in good hands. Of course, I cant make that decision until I get to know him, right?
You sick or something? Talking about retiring, and leaving the ranch in good hands
. Jesus, Tuck, youre making me nervous.
Nah, Im fine. Im just
. Shit, Eli, Im turning fifty-nine next birthday. In another year Ill be sixty. Out here, sixty is damn old.
Yeah, it is, Eli said, then grinned as Tucker elbowed him.
Says the guy whos half my age.
No, Id be half your age if you were sixty-six. Jesus, old man, no wonder you need help with the business end of the ranch, if you cant even figure right.
Hey, I may be old, but I can still fire you.
No, you cant, cause you cant find nobody else thatll put up with your cranky ass.
They grinned at each other a moment, then Tucker shook his head. So. Joshll be staying in the house, so you dont need to find space for him in the bunkhouse. Youre just lucky I aint putting him in your place.
Thats the foremans cottage, Eli pointed out. Im the foreman. Thats non-negotiable.
Im still the boss.
Yeah, and you live in the bosss house. You gonna make your FBI nephew who aint been on a ranch in dunno-many years the foreman?
Tucker shuddered. Oh, hell no. Okay. Youre safe. Anyway, Hannah didnt know when hed be coming outshe needed to talk to him yet and arrange things. Ill let you know as soon as I do. Theres not much you need to do, at any rate. Just your job.
And I do that anyway. But thanks for the heads up. You want me to pass the word among the vaqueros?
Sure. Might as well keep them in the loop. Chastain sighed. I suppose therell be all kinds of speculation about my health after this.
Eli grinned. You bet your ass, old man. Better make sure you git out here and show em youre still alive, or theyll be taking bets on your life expectancy.
Smartass. Tucker got up, kicked him lightly in the boot, and sauntered off back towards the house.
I could listen to K.C. Kelly recite the phone book and I think I would be in heaven. DAMN he had a perfect voice for this book!
Read the full review at
This was one of those stories that you have to keep reading to find what was going to happen next.
4.5 Stars ~ This is only my second book by Rowan Speedwell, but I was so impressed with 'Illumination' and knew I had to experience more. In 'Love, Like Water', the author has brought together two seemingly mismatched people, an ex-FBI agent and a ranch foreman, and wrought a beautiful story of pain, angst, drama, hope, fear, and love. Always, there is love.
Joshua has been through hell, and I mean that literally. A three year undercover drug op has changed him from the man he once was. After testifying against the gang and cartel members, Josh quit the FBI and spent months in rehab, detoxing from his heroin addiction he obtained while undercover. Three years of infiltrating the biggest and most dangerous gang on the west side of Chicago, seeing and living the horrors, has made Josh a shell of who he was. He heads to his Uncle Tucker's ranch in New Mexico for a new start. The Triple C rehabilitates abused horses and wild mustangs, plus it runs cattle and trains horses for rodeos, movies, etc. Uncle Tucker is almost sixty and could use some help with the business end of things "I'm not interested in all that society network stuff, and websites and blob posts."
"But he was getting to know Elian Kelly, and he was starting to like him. The thought worried him, for some reason. It was as if every time the man looked at him, he saw a different Joshua, one that Joshua wished really existed. He wanted to be the Joshua Eli saw, but he was afraid he wasn't. And someday Eli would see the real Joshua, and that would be the end of any hope for friendship....if friendship was what it was."
Eli is great with troubled horses, but he hasn't a clue what to do with a troubled man. So Eli treats Joshua much like their rescued and abused animals. He doesn't know what Joshua has suffered, but the dead eyes looking back at him say enough. Eli can't help but be attracted to Joshua, particularly as he begins to gain weight and muscle back, filling in those areas that were skeletal when he arrived. Eli is everything Joshua could want, he's strong, loyal, gentle, sexy, and Joshua is terrified to let his attraction show. Joshua has hidden all of that for many years and he sure doesn't want to get a fist to the face for coming on to a cowboy. But Eli might be just whom Joshua needs, someone to take charge and share responsibility, and to help make decisions so it doesn't fall solely on Joshua.
"Because it didn't matter that Eli couldn't love him anymore. He loved Eli. Would love him until he died. And that was the real reason he couldn't stay."
It is very rare that I finish a book and am speechless. Rowan Speedwell is quickly becoming a cherished author for me, bringing me intense, emotional stories with strong characters who move me and books that I want to re-read often. Eli and Joshua were amazing men that I fell in love with and they deserved the happy ever after that they struggled so hard to attain. Tucker and Sarafina, as wonderful secondary characters, were such a great addition to the story. Thank you, Rowan, for another beautiful story.
NOTE: This book was provided by Dreamspinner Press for the purpose of a review on Rainbow Book Reviews
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Great trail horse. 15.3 hands. As long as I've had her she never bucked or tried to bite. Shes very gentle and would make a pretty pasture ornament. I…$4,000
Son of Holy Bull in California! By Horse of the Year and Multi Million dollar G1 winner HOLY BULL (sire of Champion & leading sire MACHO UNO, and up…Stud Fee: $1
Sold April 6th 2016$7,800
Harder find painted registered with ialha azteca. May turn grey. Comes from champion lines sire is a spain pre ANCCE revised and USA ialha registered mare…$3,500
Show Quality registered ialha 1/2 andalusian Azteca also microchipped and DNA done by uc Davis. He will be a grey. Halter trained, has had feet trimmed…$4,000
Registered Ialha pre spain half andalusian Azteca filly also microchiped and DNA done by uc Davis. Filly will grey with time will take payments for…$3,500
Harder find painted 1/2 andalusian Azteca filly Registered with IALHA number H009393 Sire has champion line's This filly is built like a tank. Also comes…$3,500
Really nice yearling filly. Has some great gentics. Registered with ialha microchipped and DNA done by uc Davis. Will do payments for a few months…$3,500


text: AdChoices Terms of Use Privacy Policy Hide TOP 10 Top 10 Entertainment Bad Movie Trailers Share Tweet 0 Shares 10. Godmonster of Indian Flats (1973) It's a zero-budget horror movie that includes all of your big set pieces in the trailer in an attempt to make the movie seem more expensive than it actually is. That technique is certainly employed in the trailer for Godmonster of Indian Flats, but unfortunately all of the big scenes involve one of the most laughable monster suits in cinema history: a pile of fake fur and rubbery latex that would be laughed out of any Halloween party. The actual film is impossible to sit through since so much of it is a painfully amateurish setup (sample dialogue includes children saying "I don't believe in the monster -- only stupid adults believe in it"), so the trailer is a perfect collection of laughable highlights from this unwatchable work of early '70s garbage. It's a relic from that wonderful pre-irony era when terrible movies were played completely sincerely -- and it's all the funnier for it. Next Page TOP 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Comments Share your opinion Your name More Like This Movie Reviews A Bunch Of Hilarious Guys In A Not-So Hilarious Movie Read More Top 10 Better Man Chris Rock Returns To Host SNL This Weekend. Why Did He Never Make A Movie As Killer As These? Read More Top 10 Better Man The Reasons We're Watching The Latest Vampire Movie Read More Movie Reviews Can This Thriller Live Up To Bourne? Read More Movie Reviews The Spy Movie You Should See Tonight Read More A Better Look The Idiot's Guide To Zombie Movies Read More Around the Web Special Features Gift Guide Top 25 Father's Day Gifts Read More Dating Tips A Guide To Hooking-Up Online Read More


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The best of collection of photographs from past century made by Czech photographer Ruda Stancik, even before entrance digital era, made by classical method negative - positiv. There is approximately 200 photographs in 3 cycles: En face, Stop-time and Landscapes of silent. (Sorry for bad English)
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obrázky Published July 15, 2012
Collection Nr. 1 Published February 18, 2012
Landscapes of silence Published May 06, 2011
Od začátku - from beginning Published November 29, 2009


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Cincinnati's Soldiers: Men and Women of the First World War
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Normally, I don't rant. I try to find the positives in everything. This helps me keep my sanity. Yet after a conversation I just had, apparently I suck as a mother.
I thought I had it all figured out. Nice pool party, pastries (great ideas I saw on another post), cakes and a small, healthy bbq for few that will be there. Olivia would love this attention, paired along with her bubbles, "rah" (water, rather, large body of water), and Pooh.
Apparently, after speaking with a friend of mine, I "just have to" do the whole gift bags, gymboree, games, etc., "bbq is for adults", blah blah blah. This get together for the weekend after her real birthday is for her and her family and close friends to enjoy her new year, Olivia's real birthday will occur earlier during the week where it's just her, DH and me. We're talking about a one year old here. There will be other one year olds there. I'm not spending hundreds of dollars trying to "impress" anyone and I dang sure am not going to toss in gift bags to one year olds. I mean really.


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Distances given are in a straight line from the centre of Barkingside but travel routes may be longer.
1.5 Miles
102 Coventry Road, Ilford IG1 4RE
Karma Liv-in is a stunning Victorian house, providing residential care for five adults with learning disabilities or having additional mental health condition and physical disabilities. Karma Liv-in established facilities that not only meet their physical… more
1.5 Miles
414 Fencepiece Road, Chigwell IG7 5DP
Sherrell House provides nursing, residential and dementia care to people in the Essex area. The home has a team of professional and qualified nurses and care workers to monitor residents well-being and health during their time at the home. Care… more
Group / Provider:
Excelcare Holdings
Care provided for Challenging Behaviour
0.9 Miles
20 Springfield Drive, Barkingside, Ilford IG2 6PS
Springfield Care Centre, situated in a pleasant residential area of Ilford, takes on a range of nursing packages, including for respite needs and also for dementia care. The service is set up to respect the personal freedoms of those involved, offering… more
Group / Provider:
Lifestyle Care in Partnership with Orchard Care Homes
Care provided for Challenging Behaviour
1.2 Miles
477/481 Cranbrook Road, Ilford IG2 6ER
Sahara House consists of two care facilities that specialise in looking after up to nineteen people who suffer from learning disabilities, with the physically disabled also able to experience long-term care here. The aim of staff is to encourage service… more
Group / Provider:
Sahara Care Ltd
Care provided for Challenging Behaviour
23 Mansfield Road, Ilford IG1 3BA
2.0 Miles
78 Aldborough Road South, Seven Kings, Ilford IG3 8EX
1.6 Miles
44/46 Endsleigh Gardens, Ilford IG1 3EH
1.9 Miles
Ley Street, Ilford IG2 7BY
1.3 Miles
71 Wellesley Road, Ilford IG1 4LJ
1.6 Miles
70 Aldborough Road South, Seven Kings, Ilford IG3 8EX
1.6 Miles
20 Argyle Road, Ilford IG1 3BQ
2.0 Miles


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Broadly, I study the cognitive and affective processes involved in judgment and decision making (Morewedge & Kahneman, 2010 TiCS). My research is primarily focused on the psychological processes that are involved in hedonic experiences. How people determine how pleasurable or desirable experiences were, are, or will be. And how these judgments impact their decision making and behavior. For example, one research project examined how psychological processes alone can reduce our desire to eat a food and actual consumption of that food (Morewedge, Huh, & Vosgerau, 2010, Science). Click here to hear a discussion about this work on NPR or here for a broader discussion of this line of research on bloggingheads.
My secondary line of research examines the attribution and discernment of thought—how we decide which entities are capable of having thoughts, what thoughts are our own, and what thoughts and events were intended. For example, people are more likely to attribute negative events than similarly positive and neutral events to the intentions of an external agent such as another person (Morewedge, 2009, JEP:General). People are more likely to believe their random, spontaneous thoughts reveal deep insights about themselves than intended and deliberative thoughts (Morewedge, Gilblin, & Norton, 2014, JEP: General), and the apparently unintended nature of dreams leads people to attribute greater meaning to dreams than to conscious thoughts that have similar content (Morewedge & Norton, 2009, JPSP). Click here to hear a discussion of some of this work on bloggingheads.
Selected Publications
Morewedge, C. K., Yoon, H., Scopelliti, I., Symborski, C., Korris, J., & Kassam, K. S. (2015). Debiasing decisions: Improved decision making with a single training intervention. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2(1), 129-140.
Morewedge, C. K., & Giblin, C. E. (2015). Explanations of the endowment effect: An integrative review. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19(6), 339-348.
Huh, Y. E., Vosgerau, J., & Morewedge, C. K. (2014). Social defaults: Observed choices become choice defaults. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(3), 746-760.
Morewedge, C. K., Giblin, C. E., & Norton, M. I. (2014). The (perceived) meaning of spontaneous thoughts. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(4), 1742-1754.
Garbinsky, E. N., Morewedge, C. K., & Shiv, B. (2014). Interference of the end: Why recency bias in memory determines when a food is consumed again. Psychological Science, 25(7), 1466-1474.
Buechel, E. C., Zhang, J., Morewedge, C. K., & Vosgerau, J. (2014). More intense experiences, less intense forecasts: Why affective forecasters overweight probability specifications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106(1), 20-36.
Morewedge, C. K. (2013). It was a most unusual time: How memory bias engenders nostalgic preferences. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 26(4), 319-326.
Morewedge, C. K., Huh, Y. E., & Vosgerau, J. (2010). Thought for food: Imagined consumption reduces actual consumption. Science, 303, 1530-1533.
Morewedge, C. K., & Kahneman, D. (2010). Associative processes in intuitive judgment. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14(10), 435-440.
Morewedge, C. K. (2009). Negativity bias in attribution of external agency. Journal of Experimental Psychology:General, 138(4), 535-545.
Morewedge, C. K., Shu, L. L., Gilbert, D. T., & Wilson, T. D. (2009). Bad riddance or good rubbish? Ownership and not loss aversion causes the endowment effect. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 947-951.
Morewedge, C. K., & Norton, M. I. (2009). When dreaming is believing: The (motivated) interpretation of dreams. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(2), 249-264.
Morewedge, C. K., Gilbert, D. T., & Wilson, T. D. (2005). The least likely of
times: How remembering the past biases forecasts of the future. Psychological Science, 16(8), 626-630.


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Here is a great recipe and pre or post workout snack:
3 cups of egg whites
8 oz. of organic cheddar cheese
1 cup of fresh organic spinach
1 can of organic mushrooms
Spray muffin tins with cooking spray. Put a 1/4 cup of liquid egg whites in each of the 12 muffin tins.
Divide the cooked spinach and mushrooms in each muffin holder. Sprinkle the cheese in last.
Cook on 350 degrees for 30 to 35 minutes or until the cheese is golden brown. These last for 5 days in the fridge. To reheat cook for 30 seconds in the microwave.
Nutrional Information:
Calories: 75
Fat grams: 3
Protein grams: 10
Carbohydrate grams: 2.3
Here is a great recipe that is a healthy alternative to the traditional muffin. It is also great before or after a workout because of the healthy distribution of protein to carbohydrates.
2 ripe bananas
2 cups of almond meal (I use Trader Joes)
1 tsp of baking soda
1 tsp of baking powder
1 tsp of cinnamon
1 tsp vanilla
pinch of salt
2 eggs ( I use organic)
1 tablespoon of honey (I use raw)
1/2 cup of dark mini chocolate chips (Enjoy Life brand is gluten, dairy, and soy free)
Mix the wet ingredients into the dry ones.
Makes 12 muffins
Bake on 350 degrees for about 20 minutes or until toothpick in center of muffin comes out clean.
Nutrition Facts:
Calories: 158
Fat grams: 11
Protein grams: 6
Carbohydrates grams: 8.3
Sugars grams: 11
Potassium grams: 95
Do you drink enough water? Most people have heard 8 glasses a day, but did you know it is really .5 oz per pound? Also when you drink alcohol or coffee you need one glass of water just to cancel out the dehydrating effects. So my 2 cups of water first thing in the morning just cancel out the effects of my 2 cups of coffee. I still need 70 oz more water for the day. Then if I workout, which I usually do, I need 20% more (plus the water to cancel out my coffee) or a grand total of 100 oz a day based on my weight of 138 pounds.
The answer is yes!! Food is energy input and exercise is energy output. If you don't have fuel in the tank, how can you expect to spend fuel that isn't there? When we wake up in the morning, our bodies are on empty and we are in starvation mode. Our bodies use energy at night even when we are sleeping to repair muscles, burn fat, and if needed, burn lean muslce mass if there wasn't enough fuel from the day before. There are many dangers of working out on an empty stomach. I have had clients faint when they work out without fuel and even more serious conditions can happen. If you are a early morning exerciser and just can't face eating, at the very minimal use one scoop of whey protein in water for your muscles which are made of protein. The good thing about whey protein is that it is digestable in 10 minutes. Another suggestion is a banana with peanut butter. Experiment, but eat something. If you eat a big meal before your workout make sure that you have at least an hour to digest it before working out. Your body can't digest food and bring blood to the muscles at the same time. It will have to chose to get you through your workout and your food will still be sitting in your stomach and it may not sit well!
Do you stuggle with going on and off diets or are there some bad habits you just haven't been able to get rid of? You might want to consider getting a Health Coach. A Certified Health Coach is a specialty training and a subset of Life Coaching. As your coach, I will help you develop a sound, balanced weight management program that includes nutrition, exercise, and lifestyle change. My training has specifically enabled me to understand the psychological aspects of weight management, the biomechanical and physiological impact of obesity, techniques for lifestyle coaching to facilitate behavior change, the relationship between exercise and nutrition in weight control, and exercise programming and weight-management strategies and progressions. Please let me know if I can assist you in any way!
Here is a great recipe for water that will help de-bloat you and help you burn more fat. Drinking enough water (.5 oz per pound of body weight) is one of the best things you can do to help your body burn fat and these ingredients make it even better!!
It is called Sassy Water:
2 liters of water (about 8 1/2 cups)
1 teaspoon of freshly grated ginger
1 medium lemon, thinly sliced
12 small spearmint leaves.
According to the ACE Health Coach Manual:
Metabolism is made up of:
1. Basal metabolic rate – the amount of energy required for vital, resting bodily functions without food. The more muscle your body has the higher the basal metabolic rate so strength train to burn more calories.
· 60 -75% of daily energy needs
2 . Thermal effect of food – the energy required to digest, absorb, and store ingested food energy
· 10% of daily energy expenditure in most people
3. Thermic effect of physical activity
· 15% to 30% of daily energy expenditure
a. exercise
b. non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) or spontaneous physical activity.
**This number can vary as much as 2,000 calories a day among individuals
Do you keep track of your sugar intake? Did you know that the American Heart Association recommends only 25 grams for women and 35 grams for men per day? A banana alone has 18 grams, and I eat those daily. Shockingly, the average American eats their body weight in sugar each year. Here are some other names of sugar you should look for in all of the foods you buy and avoid the item if it has any of these names in the top 3 ingredients. They are: sugar, sucrose, high fructose corn syrup, dehydrated cane juice, fructose, glucose, dextrose, syrup, cane sugar, raw sugar, corn syrup, agave, honey, organic cane sugar and coconut sugar. Stay healthy and let me know if you need help with your healthy diet and lifestyle!
If you want to stay injury free, the best strategy is to do different exercises everytime you go to workout. If you rode the bike Monday, jog or walk on Tuesday, Swim on Wednesday, etc. If you worked your chest and back on Monday, work legs on Tuesday, work shoulders, triceps, and biceps on Wednesday, etc. Full body routines are fine to do also, but make sure you don't lift too heavy if you are only going to give yourself one day off in between strength training sessions. In addition, always remember to stretch out after a workout by using the foam roller or stretching with a band to keep the muscles from becoming so tight that you risk injury. The last thing to consider is making sure that your have balanced muscles. It is easy to do the exercises you enjoy and skip the rest, but then you risk getting muscle imbalances which can also set you up for an injury. A great way to avoid this is to hire a trainer even for a short period of time who can design a program for your body, correct any muscle imbalances before they get worse and put you on a schedule of workouts. Let me know if I can help you in any way achieve your goals and stay strong, balanced and healthy.
The only way to know the accurate calories that you are actually burning on any cardio machine like the Curve, the elliptical trainer, row machine, or bike is to wear a heart rate monitor with a chest strap. It actually reads the accurate number of calories you are burning. Do you realize most cardio machines over estimate the calories burned by 30 to 40%? A machine will estimate calories burned based on a 150 pound person if you press quick start. In addition, even if you put in your own weight, the machine is off. I know this because I wear my monitor every time I workout. Once in a while it might come close if I am working really hard, but that is rare.


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When Forum created the Kitchen Sink Snowboard it didn't overthink the process of building a board, but didn't cut any corners, either. It's directional, has a stiffer tail for boosting over flat-ground objects and clearing knuckles on jumps, and uses Forum's all-new GrandPops profile which re-introduces you to the power of camber with just the right amount of near-flat camber under the bindings. No gimmicks here, just proven tech and appetite for all-terrain destruction.
- New GrandPops profile provides a super-springy cambered platform between the bindings and almost-flat zones under the bindings for catch-free carving and stability
- New Super Buttercup shaping provides a concave like shaping akin to a skate deck that elevates edges for a catch-free ride that compliments the camber-like GrandPops profile
- New Car Bombs load the nose and tail up with power without the help of carbon, instead using a thick fiberglass inlay from the outermost inserts to the tips for explosive pop that won't inhibit your press
- Swingers Club core profiling gradually tapers the thickness of the wood to be thinner at the nose and tail for improved flexibility and decreased weight overall
- Light triax fiberglass laminate provides the longitudinal snap needed for all-mountain control
- Super GnarLE core is filled with sex and lightweight quality sustainable wood
- Formula base is composed from a durable, sintered compound that doesn't suck or go slow
- Stiffer tail rides with directional pleasure
- Reviews
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Right form the horses mouth!
Tech, Tech and more Tech!! Treat the mountain like your personal park, not letting anything get in your way. The newest board in the 2013 line up is a freestyle driven masterpiece with the backcountry in mind. Combining Pop zones on the tip and tail with a lifted edge performance of Butter Scoops technology means more power and precision were you need it! Its time to let your mind control your board instead of that 2x4 that was on your feet last year.