text:
The tropical frontier in avian climate impact research
Version of Record online: 8 SEP 2011
DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2011.01166.x
© 2011 The Authors. Ibis © 2011 British Ornithologists' Union
Volume 153, Issue 4, pages 877–882, October 2011
Additional Information
How to Cite
HARRIS, J. B. C., SEKERCIOGLU, C. H., SODHI, N. S., FORDHAM, D. A., PATON, D. C. and BROOK, B. W. (2011), The tropical frontier in avian climate impact research. Ibis, 153: 877–882. doi: 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2011.01166.x
Publication History
- Issue online: 8 SEP 2011
- Version of Record online: 8 SEP 2011
- Abstract
- Article
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The impacts of climate change on tropical biodiversity are a subject of active debate. Global reviews show that climate change is having far-reaching effects on biodiversity (Sala et al. 2000, Walther et al. 2002, Root et al. 2003, Parmesan & Yohe 2003, Parmesan 2006, Rosenzweig et al. 2007, 2008, Miller-Rushing et al. 2010), but these studies tend to focus on temperate environments, with rare mention of changes in the tropics (Laurance et al. 2011, Wormworth & Sekercioglu 2011). Of the c. 30 000 studies reviewed for the IPCC 2007 report, fewer than 1% were from the tropics (Rosenzweig et al. 2008). The lack of research on climate impacts on tropical biodiversity, combined with the perception of a small absolute magnitude of projected temperature and rainfall changes (Sala et al. 2000, but see Stainforth et al. 2005, Chen et al. 2009), has helped fuel disagreement about the vulnerability of tropical species to ongoing and projected changes. Some studies argue that the effects of climate change will be small relative to the overwhelming impacts of habitat loss (Sala et al. 2000, Sodhi et al. 2004). In contrast, several modelling analyses predict that climate change will be an important extinction driver in the tropics (Williams et al. 2003, Thomas et al. 2004, Shoo et al. 2005, Colwell et al. 2008, Sekercioglu et al. 2008, Hole et al. 2009).
Tropical birds have received less study than temperate birds despite the fact that tropical latitudes harbour the vast majority of bird species (e.g. Sodhi et al. 2006). The lack of studies makes it difficult to measure and predict the impacts of climate change relative to other extinction drivers such as habitat loss, invasive species, disease and over-exploitation (Sodhi et al. 2011). We highlight examples of innovative studies on the effects of climate change on upland tropical birds and discuss further research avenues with a focus on methods that can provide useful results with minimal investment of time and money. In addition, we stress the need for increased climate monitoring, highlight the potential for literature-based traits analyses, and briefly discuss the conservation of upland tropical birds under climate change.
Rising temperatures from climate change have been shown to cause upslope range shifts in many studies of temperate animals (e.g. Tryjanowski et al. 2005) and plants (e.g. Lenoir et al. 2008) but fewer studies have documented altitudinal range shifts in the tropics (Pounds et al. 1999, 2005, Seimon et al. 2007, Raxworthy et al. 2008, Chen et al. 2009, 2011). For birds, Peh (2007) compared altitudinal ranges of generalist bird species (that are likely to be little affected by habitat loss) in Southeast Asian field guides from 1975 to 2000. Of 306 species studied, 84 shifted their upper range margin upslope with a stable lower margin, seven shifted their lower margin with a stable upper margin, and just three shifted both margins. The under-representation of tropical range shifts is due to low research effort in the tropics, a preponderance of short-term studies focused on presence–absence, and the difficulty of disentangling multiple drivers of range changes, such as habitat loss, invasive species and climate change (Brook et al. 2008).
Distributional shifts in the tropics demand attention because extinctions might be avoided if suitable refuges exist, species are able to disperse and species interactions are not seriously altered (Parmesan 2006). Mid-range emissions scenarios predict that, by 2100, large areas of the lowland tropics will either experience climates hotter than currently exist anywhere on Earth, or be over 1500 km from the equivalent of the current climate (New et al. 2009). In a process called lowland biotic attrition, lowland species that are found far from cool, upland refuges will be unable to shift and extinctions may result unless species can adapt (Colwell et al. 2008, Wright et al. 2009). Based on the mid-range A1B emissions scenario, 92% of protected areas are predicted to become climatically unsuitable by the year 2100 and in many tropical habitats with low topographic relief, vegetation shift will have to take place the fastest to keep up with warming (Loarie et al. 2009). Upland species that have narrow altitudinal ranges may suffer from range-shift gaps where they are unable to keep up with advancing climates up mountainsides (Colwell et al. 2008). In forested areas, birds may be less affected by range-shift gaps than some plants, insects, reptiles and amphibians that are poor dispersers or are strongly philopatric. However, habitat loss may substantially constrain distributional shifts that tropical animals will need to make under climate change (Forero-Medina et al. 2011). Mountaintop extinctions of high-elevation species may result when preferred climates shift off the tops of mountains (Williams et al. 2003) and low-elevation competitors expand their distributions upslope (Jankowski et al. 2010), in a process called the 'escalator to extinction' (Sekercioglu 2007). Lastly, tropical species may be particularly vulnerable to climate change because they experience minimal fluctuations in annual temperature and are already near their maximum thermal tolerance (Tewksbury et al. 2008).
Approximately 10% of the world's bird species are confined to small geographical and elevational ranges in tropical upland (≥ 500 m asl) habitats (C.H.S unpubl. data). Correlative distribution and abundance models suggest that many of these species are likely to be threatened by climate change (Jetz et al. 2007, Sekercioglu et al. 2008, Gasner et al. 2010, La Sorte & Jetz 2010a, Wormworth & Sekercioglu 2011), yet most are classified as least concern by the IUCN (Sekercioglu et al. 2008, BirdLife International 2009) because of uncertainties surrounding model predictions (Akçakaya et al. 2006). The causes of uncertainty in forecasts of climate change impacts on biodiversity are varied but, broadly speaking, uncertainty results from a lack of long-term empirical data on climate–biodiversity impacts combined with model-based uncertainty derived from biodiversity and climate modelling techniques, including a failure to incorporate biological processes (Araújo & Rahbek 2006, Heikkinen et al. 2007, Beaumont et al. 2008).
Monitoring climate change impacts
- Top of page
- Monitoring climate change impacts
- Other topical research directions
- Conservation planning
- Acknowledgments
- References
Climate change can cause compositional changes in tropical upland bird communities, but the shifting ecology of these novel communities remains to be investigated. Pounds et al. (1999) studied birds from 1979 to 1998 in a forested plot at Monteverde reserve, Costa Rica (1540 m). The authors documented the colonization of 15 low-elevation species (usually found below 1470 m) and showed that these avian community changes were correlated to decreased mist frequency from climate change. Furthermore, Pounds et al. (2005) observed that high-elevation species are declining (e.g. Resplendent Quetzal Pharomachrus mocinno) or moving upslope (e.g. Fiery-throated Hummingbird Panterpe insignis), probably in response to climate change and consequent changes in species interactions. This sort of documentation of bird community shifts from climate change is urgently needed from other tropical regions.
There are many ways to develop the pioneering work of Pounds et al. (1999, 2005). One efficient approach would be rapidly to survey bird communities along elevational gradients. In a recent project, J.B.C.H. (J.B.C.H, N.S.S, D.A.F. and B.W.B unpubl. data) recorded bird abundances with point counts and transect surveys on trails from the base to the summit of four mountains in Borneo. Abundances of 234 species were recorded at 275–4095 m in just 2 months. Abundance data are essential in climate impacts research for quantitative historical–current comparisons (Tingley & Beissinger 2009) and spatial modelling to predict potential changes in population size (Shoo et al. 2005). Most temperate studies that have been able to detect climate impacts on birds were long-term projects (reviewed in Crick 2004, Møller et al. 2010); thus, although most long-term projects are expensive and difficult to maintain, it will be important to repeat surveys at regular intervals, at least every 5 years (Magurran et al. 2010). If similar repeated, rapid surveys are done in different tropical regions, generalizations could perhaps be made as to which lowland species are likely to invade highland areas and which range-restricted highland endemic species are prone to decline. Such studies would need to control for the effects of habitat loss and land use.
Information on reproductive rates is also needed to document changes in the breeding avifauna of a site and to allow quantification of reproductive fitness. Fundamental information can be efficiently collected with nest searching rapidly to improve our understanding of reproduction in upland tropical birds. For example, eight trained nest searchers located 700 nests in a Venezuelan upland tropical forest in a 4-month field season (T.E. Martin pers. comm.). Such large sample sizes allow monitoring of changes in reproductive output for many species that can be linked to changes in climate or, perhaps, competition. Video monitoring of nests can efficiently quantify baseline nest predation and brood parasitism and detect changes from invading nest predators and parasites over time, providing a clearer picture of any climate-driven change. As so few data are available, results from individual studies will be of great use but, again, efficacy will be markedly improved if studies are repeated over time (e.g. Martin 2007).
Intensive research methods such as mark-recapture studies are also needed in tropical uplands, but these are expensive, often logistically challenging and difficult to maintain, so studies should be carefully allocated to taxa and regions that are most likely to produce results that can be generalized. Long-term mark-recapture datasets are potentially important for understanding the effects of climate change on birds because they provide a statistically rigorous method for quantifying climate impacts on avian survival, enable us to measure breeding status and age distribution, allow population modelling, and enable robust inference on density and population trends (Grosbois et al. 2008). Mark-recapture studies have been undertaken on upland tropical birds (e.g. Parker et al. 2006) but long-term datasets are rare (e.g. Newmark 2006). Some of the difficulties of maintaining a long-term mark-recapture programme could be mitigated if programmes are linked to permanent research stations. As a starting point, we propose that mark-recapture programmes be established at least at one research station in each tropical region (Asian tropics, Afrotropics and Neotropics). Suitable locations for establishing these programmes include the Smithsonian's Center for Tropical Forest Studies plots (http://www.ctfs.si.edu), which are foci of long-term ecological research. Candidate sites at which baseline ecological research is already underway are La Planada, Colombia (1796–1891 m; Restrepo et al. 1999), and Doi Inthanon, Thailand (1660–1740 m; Khamyong et al. 2004). In Africa, where relevant studies on birds are fewest (Laurance et al. 2011), the Usambara Mountains, part of the Eastern Arc Mountains biodiversity hotspot, are an ideal candidate, with a long-term bird mark-recapture study that was established over two decades ago (Newmark 2006).
Wider monitoring programmes will also help to identify climate-induced shifts in avian distribution and abundance. These programmes draw on the large pool of skilled volunteer birdwatchers who can repeatedly and accurately collect occurrence data over large spatial and temporal scales. The North American Christmas bird count (La Sorte & Thompson 2007) and breeding bird atlas (Zuckerberg et al. 2009) and the British bird atlas (Thomas & Lennon 1999) have all been used to detect climate-related latitudinal shifts in bird distributions. Global monitoring schemes such as the Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring Network (TEAM; http://www.teamnetwork.org) and Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine Environments (GLORIA; http://www.gloria.ac.at) will also be important for comparing avian responses to climate change globally.
We know little about baseline competitive, parasitic and symbiotic interactions in tropical upland bird communities and virtually nothing about the changes to these dynamics caused by climate change. These can be profound: for example, due to upslope expansion, the cavity-nesting nest predator Keel-billed Toucan Ramphastos sulfuratus now nests alongside cavity-nesting Resplendent Quetzals at Monteverde, Costa Rica (Pounds et al. 1999), probably competing with them for cavities and preying on their eggs and young. Furthermore, the importance of abiotic (e.g. Ghalambor et al. 2006) and biotic (e.g. Price & Kirkpatrick 2009) factors in determining tropical range boundaries are still poorly understood. The only study that has tested the importance of biotic interactions in this context found that interspecific interactions are likely to be important for determining range boundaries in Monteverde (Jankowski et al. 2010). These authors also found that the mountaintop Slaty-backed Nightingale-thrush Catharus fuscater is tolerant of the middle elevation Black-headed Nightingale-thrush Catharus mexicanus, but not vice versa. This suggests that high-elevation species may be under asymmetric pressure from low-elevation species. This pattern seems to fit into taxon cycle theory, by which endemics are squeezed by generalists into higher elevations (Ricklefs & Bermingham 2002). Asymmetric competition from low-elevation generalists is likely to interact with other extinction pressures on high-elevation species under climate change. However, Jankowski et al. (2010) observed asymmetric competition in just one of two genera studied, and these results come from a single field site, so generalizations are difficult. While Jankowski et al. (2010) made progress on baseline interspecific interactions in upland tropical birds, avian interactions under climate change and their effects on tropical ecosystem function remain to be investigated (Mooney et al. 2009).
Other topical research directions
- Top of page
- Monitoring climate change impacts
- Other topical research directions
- Conservation planning
- Acknowledgments
- References
An additional, little-explored research strategy would be to combine elevational range data with species trait information from the literature to evaluate whether traits can predict colonization success of low-elevation species or extirpation vulnerability in highland residents. Results from this kind of analysis could help direct monitoring to species that may be most threatened by climate change or most likely to become 'problem' species. Previous work suggests that range size, specialization, mobility and local abundance are related to resistance to extinction (Kattan 1992, Sekercioglu 2011), and elevational range, dispersal ability, reproductive output, migratory behaviour and climatic niche breadth are likely to influence a species' ability to respond to climate change (Isaac et al. 2009, Laurance et al. 2011). Species traits analyses could be readily implemented with existing data and would yield results that could be compared across tropical regions.
Accurately determining the relationship between key climate variables and species abundance will also depend on substantially increasing the collection of site-specific, long-term climate data. In tropical uplands, interpolated spatial climate layers are often impacted by poor spatial and temporal coverage of weather stations (Raxworthy et al. 2008), and steep topography where climates change rapidly over small horizontal distances. Automated portable weather stations that are established and carefully maintained at long-term study sites will improve the precision and accuracy of present-day climate data and provide scope for downscaling future climate projections to ecologically relevant spatial scales (≤ 5 km). Furthermore, improved weather station coverage will strengthen biodiversity–climate impact studies that rely on correlative approaches such as range-shift analyses, species distribution modelling and mark-recapture-derived survival analyses. In addition, spatial models that incorporate fine-scale climate data from portable weather stations can delineate key cool refuges and prioritize protection and reforestation in light of future range shifts (Shoo et al. 2011).
Conservation planning
- Top of page
- Monitoring climate change impacts
- Other topical research directions
- Conservation planning
- Acknowledgments
- References
Greater information from the tropics could be used to inform conservation status evaluations and active adaptive management programmes. Although uncertainties surrounding models of climate–biodiversity impacts have so far precluded most conservation status assessments from including climate change (Akçakaya et al. 2006), combining advanced modelling techniques with new empirical data should dramatically improve the precision of predictions, and eventually allow conservation status evaluations in light of climate change. For example, coupled population and distribution models (Brook et al. 2009, Fordham et al. in press) and mechanistic process-based models (La Sorte & Jetz 2010b) show promise for substantially reducing uncertainty, but neither approach has been applied to tropical birds.
New data should be integrated rapidly into active adaptive management plans to increase our chances of mitigating extinctions and test management hypotheses (Wilhere 2002). For example, results could be used to design species-specific conservation programmes for critically threatened species or 'hotspot' habitats. Species traits analyses and removal experiments can be used to identify potential problem colonists and cautiously make predictions for other regions. Once altitudinal movements from climate change are better understood, models can be used to identify potential refuges (usually nearby higher elevation sites) and management action can be adjusted accordingly (Shoo et al. 2011). At a broader scale, systematic reserve planning can be used to combine new empirical data with spatial models (Hole et al. 2009) to design optimally connected networks of protected areas that maintain suitable climate space and encourage dispersal. Overall, management under climate change will have to be dynamic and adaptive, with ever-changing strategies and biodiversity goals, as novel communities emerge and species are lost (Manning et al. 2009).
- Top of page
- Monitoring climate change impacts
- Other topical research directions
- Conservation planning
- Acknowledgments
- References
M. Breed, W. Hochachka and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. J.B.C.H. is funded by the Loke Wan Tho Memorial Foundation and an EIPR scholarship at the University of Adelaide.
- Top of page
- Monitoring climate change impacts
- Other topical research directions
- Conservation planning
- Acknowledgments
- References
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It looks like the city of Richmond has picked up where San Bernardino Joint Powers Authority left off.
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"Richmond CARES can begin to fix what Wall Street broke," Richmond Mayor Gayle McLaughlin said in a press release issued by a grassroots group that has been working with city officials to advance the initiative.
The 4-3 vote allows the city to form a Joint Powers Authority to administer a program -- suggested by San Francisco-based Mortgage Resolution Partners -- and draw in other municipalities to begin a program that will have the city buying back underwater mortgages for a principal reduction program.
Mortgage Resolution Partners is the same group that worked unsuccessfully with San Bernardino County officials to launch a similar eminent domain purchase program in a few of its cities. The Joint Powers Authority created there voted against adopting a program that relied on government powers for condemnation for a principal reduction plan.
Tuesday's vote follows an amicus brief filed Monday by national fair housing groups in support of Richmond CARES. Wall Street banks, meanwhile, have a lawsuit pending that seeks an injunction against this activity.
A look at the news clips from that area looked not unlike the scenes playing out here last year when Gov. Jerry Brown signed California Homeowner's Bill of Rights. People decked in bright-yellow shirts filled the auditorium in the Los Angeles state house. (See photo at left)
Henrietta Haaziq, left, along with Richmond residents, and homeowners attend a city council meeting at Richmond Memorial Auditorium in Richmond, Calif., on Tuesday, Sept. 10, 2013. The council voted to become the first city in the country to use eminent domain to seize underwater mortgages.
(Ray Chavez/Bay Area News Group)
(Ray Chavez/Bay Area News Group)
Scene from Los Angeles when Gov. Brown signed portions of the Homeowner's Bill of Rights.
(Credit: DEBRA GRUSZECKI)
(Credit: DEBRA GRUSZECKI)
Here's a look at what a Contra Costa Times reported� as the drama in Richmond on Tuesday played out:
Also on Tuesday, Sept.10, San � Francisco Supervisor David Campos announced he will propose a resolution before the County Board of Supervisors to express support for the Richmond CARES.
He also revealed plans to call on San Francisco to explore a similar local principal reduction strategy.
North Las Vegas, which also had mulled the plan, last week voted 5-0 to reject partnering with MRP.
If Richmond's plan continues to advance, the city will become the first in the country to use its power of condemnation to acquire mortgages.
City officials have said this is needed because 50 percent of the homes there are underwater. Data from RealtyTrac, though, culled from zip-code checks suggests there are far fewer homes with underwater equity positions.
Daren Blomquist, vice president of RealtyTrac, on Wednesday put the percentage at 30 percent.


text:
Flowery Journal Skin by nikkittieWatch
©2014-2016 nikkittie
For bradleysays 's Journal Skin January Prompt: Floral.
Resources: Flowers Patterns by Ihavethedreamersdise
Can I use it? ^^
Really beautiful, I'm going to use it <3
Thank you! I am using this~ ^u^
I'm not usually a fan of floral, but I really like this -- perhaps it's that old, semi-vintage feel.
Thank you! I used this and it turned out beautifully!
So I just realized the feature about putting a box around any image that's posted in the journal? Is there any way that you can undo that in the CSS code? Any help would be much appreciated!
love it! I love vintage floral X3 totally using it! :3
Using! <3
It's beautiful, it has to be on my profile!
Going to use this c:
omg is really wonderful ! using ; v ; ~
Beautiful and delicate, just the thing for the upcoming season. Definitely installing it!
How do I install this into my journal?
Beautiful skin! What's the code for the title?
How beautiful!
me likey it's quite vintagey
really beautiful, thanks for sharing
Ah! So pretty! This will be my journal skin for 2014 Thank you for making it!
Beautiful skin!
Wow, this is so pretty!
WHOA WHOA this is gorgeous! <33
ahaha im a sucker for florals and this is just perfect, great job!
Oh God this is so beautiful and elegant!


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I bought this cheapy Walmart bike at a pawn shop for 60 bucks a few days ago with the intent of using it as a daily commuter that I don't have to worry about getting stolen. A few days later I was riding it, and all the sudden I heard this crunching sound, followed by the crank locking up. I look back and the rear derailleur was all twisted and bent back. Somehow the little gears in the derailleur had broken, causing the bike to be useless. I had to abandon the bike at a gas station and walk 5 miles home.
The next dayI went to go looking for a replacement derailleur, but all I can seem to find are $60-$300 top-of-the-line ones. I'm not interested in owning a bike with the derailleur being worth more than everything else on the bike. Where can I get a cheaper one? Not even ebay has what I'm looking for. If there was such a thing as a bike junkyard, I could easily get what I want for probably under 10 bucks.


text:
Red Planet 5-16 (Angry Birds Space)
2,922pages on
this wiki
this wiki
Red Planet 5-16 is the 16th level in Red Planet.
Getting 3 stars is very hard because the TNTs are located in the hard to detonate area and the 3 stars score is considered very high.
Launch Terence towards the bottom left pig. That will trigger a chain reaction, and with some luck, debris should detonate both tnt boxes causing a massive destruction. If necessary fire the second bird into the left bottom tower.


text:
Brush Type
PVA for Tile Pool
Rubber for Concrete
Inground commercial pool cleaner designed for pools from 45 to 75 feet in length. Cleans floor and walls.
The AquaMax provides full pool coverage including walls. It's reuseable micro-filter bag and ease of use makes it the world's most popular commercial cleaner. Cleaning time is spent 90% on bottom, 10% on walls, with direct contact brush scrubbing. It has an automatic timer shut-off and air sensor. Filter is bottom loading for easy access. The AquaMax includes a fine filter bag and features a single drive motor and single pump motor.


text:
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Routine is Good!
Friday, January 04, 2013
I peaked at the scale this morning and I'm down a pound from Wednesday. Now this isn't "official" and I know all about weight fluctuation, but it was good to see the number down. I'm about 90% back to routine now after the holidays. The girls go back to school on Monday, so that will put me back 100%. I've had 3 days of healthy breakfast/lunch and ok dinners, so that's helped.
I'm also a little sore today. I'm not sure if it's from the bowling, the resistance band workout, or a combination of both?! We went bowling after I got off work Wednesday (DH, DD#2 & friend and DD#3 & friend). I haven't bowled in a couple of years. It was a lot of fun and of course I beat everyone! Unfortunately we were there at dinner time, so we had pizza! I only had 2 small pieces and drank a lot of water. I came home after that and ate some fruit, so not too bad.
While cleaning over the weekend, I found the resistance band I had bought DD#1 (she hardly used it). Of course she lost the "workout guide", so I printed a workout from Spark. I didn't really like it because it was a "seated" workout and it seemed a little lame. However, by last night, I was so sore - arms & legs and my back was hurting. I think I overdid it because I didn't think I was doing anything and I may not have done it properly. I found a couple of videos on Spark, so I'm going to try them tomorrow morning.
I also printed out the 5K Your Way on Spark. It's very similar to what I did with my running class almost 2 years ago. It's supposed to be for someone who can walk/jog for 30 mins. I've definitely lost my running "spark", so this should jump start me. The first week is 1 min. walk/3 min. jog (repeat 7 times) 3x a week. It increases after that and after 5 weeks, you should be ready to run a 5K.
I did that last night at the indoor track. It was really hard! By the 6th circuit, I was really feeling it. My legs were already sore, but I pushed through. With the 7 circuits and some extra walking, it was about 32 mins. After I finished, I joined DH & DD#2 in the gym. DH was really working her and I rebounded for about 30 mins., so that was extra exercise. A group of boys asked if we wanted to play a "pick up" game, (I guess they were desperate for a couple of extra people or they wanted a pretty blond to play with them - DD#2, not me or DH!). DH and I opted out (I could see me pulling a muscle or hurting my ankle playing with a bunch of teenage boys!). Anyway, DD#2 played with them for about 15 more mins., so DH and I shot baskets for a while. She did pretty good since she was the 3rd tallest of the 6 people playing. So, all in all I got about 1 1/2 hours of exercise!
Today DD#2 starts back with her basketball practice (they have a game tomorrow), so there goes that motivation! I'm still pretty sore today, so I'm going to take a rest day. DD#2 wants to watch the varsity teams play tonight, so we might go. A Freshman girl that has played with her for 2 years (and we've known the family since the kids were babies) plays on varsity (she's 6'5"!), so we've been wanting to watch her play.
I'm going to do the resistance band workout tomorrow morning before going to DD#2's basketball game. I'll be picking up DD#1's boyfriend (he lives near the high school where we're playing) and then back home to take down the Christmas tree and then watch football! I'm going to run on Sunday morning and then settle in for some more NFL playoff games. My beloved Falcons have a bye!
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text:
Aclara RF Systems Inc.
|Aclara RF Systems Inc. Patent applications
|Patent application number
|CRYPTOGRAPHICALLY SECURE AUTHENTICATION DEVICE, SYSTEM AND METHOD - An electronic device generates identifying values which are used in authenticating the electronic device. The device comprises an interface, a private key generator for generating a private key, a non-volatile memory for storing at least the private key, an index source, a hash engine, and a logical interconnection between the private key generator, the non-volatile memory, the index source, the hash engine and the interface. The hash engine generates identifying values provided to the interface via the logical interconnection. The identifying values are provided to a verifying device for use in authenticating the electronic device. Alternatively or in addition, devices may be paired to share a root key to cryptographically communicate between each other and/or to authenticate each other.
|PLANAR DIPOLE ANTENNA - A planar dipole antenna is described. The antenna may include a ground element, a feed point, a matching element, and first and second radiating elements disposed on a substrate, and a feed point. The ground element may have a substantially rectangular shape and the feed point may be arranged adjacent to the ground element. The matching element may be connected to the feed point and may include a central bar connected to a first and second arm. The first and second arms may be substantially symmetrically disposed on the substrate in respect to the central bar. The first and second radiating elements may have substantially trapezoidal shapes and may be extend from the first and second arms of the matching element, respectively. The first and second radiating elements may be substantially symmetrically disposed on the substrate in respect to the central bar of the matching element.


text: I read the other thread concerning it, but I was just wondering if anyone has had any experience with them. I'm planning on using it as my race bike, probably not too much on the street (don't want to rattle my teeth out haha). Just wondered if anyone has seen any at the track, or know anything about the performance. Thanks.


text:
Former Wildcat Gearing Up for 2016 Rio Games
Steven Toyoji hopes to return for Paralympics in Brazil.
Steven Toyoji hopes to return for Paralympics in Brazil.
The largest in Southern Arizona, public preview on July 18.
Hear the sounds from McKale Center during a victorious home game against arch-rivals Arizona State
New American West Baseball League team to start play this summer; names former Major Leaguer as manager
Former CEO cooperating state criminal investigation
Mount Lemmon's Ski Valley open in spite of ongoing drought
Team much younger; Coach Lopez 'comfortable with it'
Triple-A Padres moving to El Paso for 2014 season, will play in new stadium
Health benefits of yoga attract new adherents in Arizona
Skating in new venue, 'The Wreckhouse,' on South Side
Prosecution says she has cooperated in ongoing investigation
Tailgaters support coach Rodriguez, look for successful season
Barrett scores in high jump, Moline in 400-meter hurdles
Cooperation with ongoing investigation cited; sentencing in November
Title IX celebrates 40 years allowing equal access to sports competition
GM says decision ends uncertainty for fans of AAA baseball club
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text:
|Nolan and K v. Russia
|Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights
|European Court of Human Rights (ECHR); First Section
|Publication Date
|12 February 2009
|Russian Federation | United States of America
|Expulsion | Freedom of conscience | Freedom of religion | Right to family life | Right to liberty and security | Rule of law / Due process / Procedural fairness
|Citation / Document Symbol
|Application no. 2512/04
|Cite as
|Nolan and K v. Russia, Application no. 2512/04, Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights, 12 February 2009, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/49b152932.html [accessed 28 May 2016]
|This judgment will become final in the circumstances set out in Article 44 § 2 of the Convention. It may be subject to editorial revision.
|This is not a UNHCR publication. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do not necessarily reflect those of UNHCR, the United Nations or its Member States.


text:
Bristol Township School District is keeping its business manager for another five years.
The school board voted 8-0 Monday to maintain the services of John Steffy to oversee financial matters for the district at an annual salary of $133,000. The deal does not include any pay increases, district officials said.


text:
Sustainability Companies in Massachusetts
Category: Environmental Management ×
Subcategory: Sustainability ×
Location: USA ×
Location: Massachusetts ×
EORM, Inc.
based in San Jose, CALIFORNIA (USA)
EORM, founded in 1990, provides high-value, strategically oriented environmental health and safety (EHS) technical and management consulting services. Environmental & Occupational Risk Management, Inc. (EORM) partners with companies worldwide to develop and implement cost-effective Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) management programs. We focus on integrating EHS ...
Centre for Sustainability and Excellence
based in Chicago, ILLINOIS (USA)
The Centre for Sustainability and Excellence (CSE) is a leading advising organization & a Think Tank with offices in Athens, Chicago and Brussels specialized in providing sustainable development solutions to various corporations and institutions. It represents the outcome of the cooperation between experts and scientists, who deal with, apply and provide support in the ...
Trucost Plc
based in London, UNITED KINGDOM
Trucost has been helping companies, investors, governments, academics and thought leaders to understand the economic consequences of natural capital dependency for over 12 years. Our world leading data and insight enables our clients to identify natural capital dependency across companies, products, supply chains and investments; manage risk from volatile commodity prices ...
Waste Integrated Service Consultants, Inc. (WISC)
based in Tampa, FLORIDA (USA)
Waste Integration has provided managed services and consulting in recycling and waste industry since 1993. We provide national account services for our customers to manage their recycling and waste material. Waste Integration excels at reducing cost, increasing recycling revenue, and implementing your sustainable vision. Our customers realize these savings by utilizing ...
based in Zoppola (Pordenone), ITALY
EVALED evaporators are a Veolia Water Technologies Italia's product. Veolia Italia is the technical Italian branch of Veolia Water, the world leader in water treatment and part of the Veolia Group. A specialist in engineering and turnkey design & build projects, Veolia Water Technologies also offers a wide range of technological solutions and associated services. Thanks ...
Institute for Transportation & Development Policy (ITDP)
based in New York, NEW YORK (USA)
Institute for Transportation & Development Policy (ITDP) works with cities worldwide to bring about sustainable transport solutions that cut greenhouse gas emissions, reduce poverty, and improve the quality of urban life. Cities throughout the world, primarily in developing countries, engage ITDP to provide technical advice on improving their transport systems. ITDP uses ...
McHewel Investment Group
based in Toronto, ONTARIO (CANADA)
McHewel Investment Group is a private equity investment company that combines an ambitious, entrepreneurial spirit with years of experience and a thorough knowledge of investing in the region. Since its establishment in 1992, McHewel Investment Group has been active in developing new projects. McHewel Investment Group invests in unquoted companies with a strong investment ...
The Centre for Sustainable Design
based in Farnham, UNITED KINGDOM
The Centre for Sustainable Design (CfSD) facilitates discussion and research on eco-design and environmental, economic, ethical and social (e3s) considerations in product and service development and design. This is achieved through training and education, research, seminars, workshops, conferences, consultancy, publications and Internet. The Centre also acts as an ...
The Electric Utility Industry Sustainable Supply Chain Alliance (EUISSCA)
based in Kansas City, MONTANA (USA)
The Electric Utility Industry Sustainable Supply Chain Alliance was formed to promote environmental stewardship and provide value to customers and shareholders. Focusing on non-fuel suppliers, the Alliance`s goal is to work with industry suppliers and other interested parties to improve environmental performance and advance sustainable business practices. The Electric ...
Altanova Energy+Sustainability
based in Long Island City, NEW YORK (USA)
Altanova works with clients and partners to develop and implement energy-conservation and sustainability projects. Our network includes leading professionals and experts in their fields. They support our strategy to provide our clients with the most experienced team members in a range of services related to energy and resource efficiency and sustainability. Our clients ...


text: I have 2 documents I am editing in Word 2007. Both are set to the same line spacing settings and same font size and style. Both are double-spaced and in the line spacing box, they are set to 0 pt before and 0 pt after. However, the space between the lines is not the same in the 2 documents. I get 18 lines per page on one and 25 lines per page on the other. Top and bottom margins are the same. Any ideas?


text: Yeah, the clicking is significantly louder than you'd expect, but to me, it actually added to the enjoyment of feeling like a cabinet. I had the problem of not being able to fit my ipad in there without taking off my leather case, which ultimately made me make the decision to get rid of the iCade because it wasn't worth the hassle to me. Wasn't the first time I spent money for something I really didn't need, and it won't be the last, I'm sure!


text:
Just saying...
It would be really beneficial if we receive greater transparency from InVivo Therapeutics management. This is not a complaint. I am definitely a fan, a (long) stockholder, understand the science, and believe in the potential. But word to the wise: Less transparency will cause larger stock price declines than transparent openness even on a setback. I sure hope they read some of these public comments and can extract the good advice from them.
That said, will we be getting any news any time on Monday??
BTW - regarding Monday; who knows - but I'm pretty sure the FDA has 45 days from that December 14 date or whatever it was, so it could be closer to month-end before they hear back and can in turn then announce anything.
Hopefully sooner rather than later!
Sentiment: Strong Buy
Do you have any examples of where they are not being transparent? What do you think they are hiding?
This is one of the most transparent firms I know - especially for a BB stock. Press releases every time there is something worthy of mention, Frank on the road a lot, numbers are reported on time.
Can't imagine what more an investor could ask for in the way of transparency.
I agree fully. The Co. can't give us confidential information that flows between them and the FDA.
I would suggest that includes 99.5 percent of all communications. Fact is, I think Frank often pushes it to the limit.Who knows what evil lurks in the heart of man. Not I. But I am comfortable with the leadership. I find it implausible (sp) that such people as Dr Langer would lend his name to a bunch of crooks. JMHO
Sentiment: Buy
Ok, from a stakeholder and a believer: Transparency is the following:
"""We have submitted our request for a HUD designation on our bio-scaffold device. The FDA has already agreed to the HDE pathway for this medical device. Based upon our positive meetings with FDA, we expect to receive within 30 days a positive outcome for the HUD designation. We believe that all of the criteria has been properly addressed. If, however the FDA determines that anything further is needed, we would then have subsequent opportunity to address this and re-submit after that finding. Therefore we have contingent strategy in place to address any outcome. etc, yada yada yada."""


text:
Classes and Events
Take Care of Your Health
Sharp HealthCare offers health classes, educational seminars and support groups throughout San Diego. From Medicare education to breastfeeding support groups, our classes can help you take care of your health.
Heart, cancer, orthopedics...
Nutrition, exercise and stress management
CPR, first aid, insurance and screenings
From childbirth prep to sleep training
Medicare, caregiving and fall prevention
CME, CE and Sharp Employees
Events we recommend.
- Bariatric Surgery Informational Seminar, Wednesday, June 1 at 6 pm
- Understanding How Medicare Works, Wednesday, June 8 at 6 pm
- Treating Chronic Knee Pain Seminar, Monday, July 18 at 6 pm
- ZOLL R Series Defibrillator Training Session, Tuesday, May 31 at 8 pm
- Sunrise Fitness Boot Camp, Wednesday, June 1 at 6 am
- ABRA: Assaultive Behavior Response Assessment Training Class, Wednesday, June 1 at 8 am


text:
Allison "Dear Steve, I have too many bills and don't make enough money. I have $12,000 dollars in credit card debt, if eliminated or reduced, I'd be able to afford to live. I am married with two children. How do I get out of debt without a huge credit card payment every month? Allison" Dear Allison, Bankruptcy. Click here ... Read More »
Home > Tag Archives: precious kids


text:
Getting Burned by Bad Science: Environmental Alarmists Claim That Human Activity Is Causing Global Warming. but When These Claims Are Put under the Magnifying Glass of Reason, They Go Up in Smoke
Behreandt, Dennis, The New American
The perceived consensus is that global warming is real and is a clear and present danger to human civilization and the planet as a whole. According to environmental alarmists, the planet is warmer now than ever before. The leading theory holds that human industrial activity is causing carbon dioxide (C[O.sub.2]) and other greenhouse gases to be pumped into the atmosphere causing abnormal, runaway warming. The result, alarmists say, will be more drought, famine, pestilence, species extinction, and extreme weather events of unprecedented violence. Are these predictions true? An examination of the science behind global warming paints a very different picture.
QUESTION: Is the planet warmer now than in the past?
ANSWER: The planet is either warmer or cooler now than in the past, depending on what time in the past is being referred to, for the simple reason that the temperature fluctuates. Nearly everyone is familiar with the idea that most of the Northern Hemisphere was once covered with ice. The vast ice sheets of the Ice Age reached as far south as Wisconsin. They melted when the climate warmed substantially. According to the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Environmental Sciences Division, at the end of the Ice Age, "Forests quickly regained the ground that they had lost to cold.... Ice sheets ... began melting.... The Earth entered several thousand years of conditions warmer and moister than today." In fact, those warmer, moister conditions coincided with the rise of agriculture and the increase in food production that made city life possible. Simply put, human civilization was made possible by a warmer climate.
Q: Yes, but we've had more warming recently. Doesn't this point to human influence?
A: Since the end of the Ice Age, the planet has been in a long-term, several-thousand-year period of relative warmth. Within that long-term period, there have been shorter periods in which the temperature has fluctuated from the average. Scientists and historians, using both historical records and data from ice cores and tree rings, have pinpointed two such deviations within the last 1,000 or so years. The first is the Medieval Warm Period, a time of warmer than average temperatures. According to Dr. Philip Stott, professor emeritus of bio-geography at the University of London, "During the Medieval Warm Period, the world was warmer even than today, and history shows that it was a wonderful period of plenty for everyone." It was during this time that the Vikings were able to take their remarkable journeys to North America, which they called Vinland, and Greenland. The slightly warmer climate made normally icy Greenland a place where, for a time, Viking colonies were able to thrive.
The Medieval Warm Period was followed by the Little Ice Age, when the climate cooled to temperatures that were not only lower than those of the preceding Medieval Warm Period but that were also somewhat cooler than the average for the longer, several-thousand-year period. In short, there have been times both when the climate was warmer than today and when it was cooler than today. In all such instances, the climate changed independently of human activity.
Q: Still, land-based temperature readings tend to show an increase in temperatures since the beginning of the industrial era. Surely this points to a human-induced warming?
A: In a sense, it does, because weather stations where temperatures are monitored are typically located in and around cities. The growing concrete and asphalt jungles of today's big cities warm faster, hold the heat of the day, and release it in the evening, raising temperatures. Moreover, "Cities tend to grow up around their weather stations," notes climate scientist Patrick J. Michaels in his recent book Meltdown. "Bricks and concrete retain the heat of the day and are especially adept at warding off late spring and early fall chilis." This accounts for the perceived lengthening of the growing season in metropolitan areas. …


text:
Perspectives on Atheism
View Single Post
April 19th, 2013 (9:23 AM).
Join Date: Apr 2013
Location: Wisconsin
Age: 22
Gender: Female
Nature: Docile
Posts: 43
I find myself not fitting into any specific box and generally try to avoid putting labels onto myself but I would have to say atheist is as close as it gets for me. I don't believe in any sort of higher power or holy book or dogma, but I do believe in my own set of personal morals, and one of those is not to judge others. If you are religious then that is what I believe a personal choice and applaud you. That is, as long as you keep it a
choice. I won't go trying to "corrupt" anyone just as I don't really appreciate people who try to shove religion down anyone's throat. It's true that I find someone who is a good person solely because they personally believe it is right more noble than someone who is only doing it to please a god, but again it is a personal choice and as long as you are a generally good person we won't have any sort of conflict. I feel like I would appreciate certain religions such as Christianity more if the general consensus followed their own holy creed closer. (ie focusing more on helping those less fortunate and loving thy neighbor more than persecuting those who disagree, as the former is mentioned much more often in the bible). I also am more likely to become close with someone who shares common beliefs with me, not because I am close-minded, but because it just usually is a better fit.
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text:
Regence BlueCross BlueShield of Oregon members can now access their health information on the go.
The member site, myRegence.com, is now mobile optimized — no app required. Just log on to the website and the mobile optimized version will appear.
Members can use the site to manage their health care dollars, access benefit summaries, search for providers, map out providers using the GPS location services, find nearby urgent care options and display a digital membership card.


text:
Family Center a calm space during anxious times
Froedtert staff, volunteers do utmost for those awaiting news of loved one
On a typical shift, Stephanie Todd dons a huge smile as she either answers the phones or assists families waiting for news of a loved one at the Family Center at Froedtert Hospital.
Todd, 37, at one time was a patient at Froedtert, receiving treatment for a brain tumor. Her family waited anxiously in a private room in the Family Center while she had surgery.
Now, she finds it essential to volunteer there once a week.
"I am willing to put in the time because Froedtert and the Family Center mean that much to my family and I," she said.
She can empathize with the people gathered in the Family Center, not just because of her own surgery, but because she's also been the one waiting for news of a loved one.
Five years ago, her husband underwent surgery and a monthlong hospital stay due to a serious condition.
"This is why I love the volunteer work I do in the Family Center, because I too have lived through these situations," she said.
10 years of service
The Family Center, located on the hospital's second floor, is open 24 hours a day. Flowers and smiles greet visitors as they walk in. The windows offer a great view and getaway for the families. It is a place where family members can wait for a patient who is in the intensive care or trauma departments, or going into surgery.
"We are pretty much the heartbeat of the hospital," said Gundy Walton, Family Center coordinator.
Cookies, coffee, chairs and a television make this space a little more like home. Looking outside, benches sit among the trees in a space that will be converted into a healing garden come mid-August.
The Family Center celebrated its 10-year anniversary of serving people last month. Some of the services offered there are:
• support to families,
• a place to stay while waiting,
• information about their loved one as it becomes available, and
• when requested, chaplain services.
Carolyn Bellin, public relations chief, had a hand in the center's development 10 years ago.
"It is an emotional time for these families, and we try to make them as comfortable as possible," she said.
Around the clock
The Family Center has paid employees on staff at all times. It also has about 30 volunteers who regularly give their time.
Bellin said they understand that things happen at all hours of the day, and that's why they have 24-hour visitation.
Small, cozy private rooms are available for families that have had family members med-flighted in and don't have anywhere to stay.
Although she doesn't remember much about the time of her surgery, Todd said she is aware that Family Center took care of her family. They have told her that even in the midst of the commotion and stress of the surgery, the center was there to make them smile.
The Family Center also offers individual open-air cubicles that create a more secluded atmosphere. These cubicles allow the family to be together.
It is a stressful and anxious time for the families who wait at the center, Todd said.
"If we can help them, even if it is for a few hours, it is worth it."
There are answers
The Family Center staff and volunteers are there to provide support and answers.
"A lot of our volunteers are there because they have had a personal experience with Froedtert, whether as a patient or family member in the center," Todd said. "It helps us better serve the family because we understand what they are going through."
Bellin mentioned that if the family has questions the staff and volunteers try to answer them or find someone who can, and they have doctor biography sheets available to help the family feel more comfortable with the doctors working with their loved one.
As Kari Bieri waited for her husband while he was in surgery she said, "The Family Center makes you feel so comfortable. It is just very calm and peaceful."
Todd said that while volunteering last week a gentleman said to her, "In the middle of our stressful and tiring situation you have been a bright, shining star that lifted our spirits and soothed our souls with your smile and heart of compassion."
At a glance
WHAT: Learn more about volunteering in the Family Center at Froedtert Hospital
ONLINE: www.froedtert.com
PHONE: Carolyn Bellin, (414) 805-2057
E-MAIL: firstname.lastname@example.com
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In recent months, Facebook has been labeled in many domains as a shockingly duplicitous site. Its scandalous tactics have hardly been tattered by the badgering of the press. The sheer ignorance of those who own the site is famished and leads many to wonder; are these fanatical measures necessary for a site which promotes the concept of a global village? The days where such infuriation was left unnoticed, are a story of the past, today is an age where communities understand their rights and inculcate a sense of belonging to their service providers. Hence, the wrath of these communities is anything but lenient once they are introduced to hypocrisy. Facebook has made more than a few blunders in its recent history; these need a mention to enlighten all those who use the site that the illusion of rights and privacy are on certain occasion's privy to deceit. Surely, Facebook has not made a name for itself on these pretences. It has a very large number of people using it which would only applaud its success; however, there are a few areas where it seems that our beloved Facebook has played a fast one on us only to earn the extra dollar. Here is a humble yet factual illumination on a few of those issues.
1. Facebook made an agreement with the biggest crooks ever (Zynga)
Anyone who has ever used Facebook, and other social networking sites, knows of Zynga. However, not many know that Zynga is a company that is made up of greedy little black hearts. The profits of Zynga mushroomed excessively behind the crazily popular social-network games like Farm Ville, Fish Ville and Mafia Wars, sadly, so did the scrutiny. In the fall of last year, TechCrunch ran various exposés that were entitled as "Scam Ville". They accused Zynga of making profits from fraudulent advertising schemes. Three weeks later a lawsuit was filed against Zynga. Tech Blogosphere ended up getting its hands on a video of Zynga's owner, Mark Pincus. Consequently, after the release of the video, comment-boards went on fire. Mark Pincus is now prominently the villain of Web 3.0.
The question now is that, why would we despise Facebook for what Zynga does? Well, put in simple words, it is because Facebook has made an agreement with a company like Zynga. Can anyone comment on how it is in the best interest of its users? It has been co-working with Zynga to immense malicious extents and Facebook users are scarcely aware of these malpractices. In making agreements with Zynga, one cannot help but doubt the intentions of those who own Facebook. Cheating is not judged by the amount but only by the intent. What then, is Facebook all about?
Apparently, there have been some rising frustrations and tensions between Facebook and Zynga. Peculiarly enough, the brewing apprehensions between the two companies are not over Zynga's illegitimate policies, but over money related issues. Zynga is pillaging Facebook, and Facebook cannot seem to function without Zynga. Facebook has approximately 24 million users signing in website daily for playing Farm Ville alone. One can only make an approximation on how many more would be signing in to play other games by Zynga on Facebook!
To cut a long story short, working with a bunch of money minded, voracious robbers, Facebook is in fact losing its ethical values in the eyes of many users.
Facebook has been hounded candidly in relation to not providing sufficient privacy features to its users. It has been noticed that Facebook has gone a little too far with the issue of sharing its users' data with almost anyone. Whenever a user clicks on the advertisements that are featured on the site, automatically the advertiser is able to access all the information of the user's profile. Harvard Business School professor, Ben Edelman informed the Journal, "If you are looking at your profile page and you click on an ad, you are telling the advertiser who you are."
Facebook has consistently nipped its very own privacy policy right from the beginning when the site commenced in 2004. When a user creates an account with Facebook, there is a page for terms and conditions that the user has to agree upon, to have his or her account created. On that very page, Facebook also informs the user about providing privacy controls to the user. However, the right of privacy and privacy controls has been breached consistently by Facebook, causing much awkwardness amongst its fervent users.
As if this was not disturbing enough, Facebook has recently opened up more user information to the public, an act of theirs that has drawn immense condemnation and FTC complaints. Additionally, of late, Facebook users have been having an increasingly tough time in steering the site's often-convoluted privacy controls. With all these new disclosures about Facebook conveniently disregarding industry standards; not to forget it's very own privacy policies, it might as well turn into a torrent of unrest and discomfort for its keen users!
3. Facebook makes another impolite move by hiring a team of lobbyists
In 2009, Facebook saw an unbelievable expansion. It went from 50 million users all over the globe in January, to nearly 400 million in just under 12 months. That very year, Facebook was reported to have spent a whopping $9.5 million (£5.9 million) while settling a lawsuit over its evident and disturbing advertising structure (launched in 2007). In November 2009, Facebook made a series of changes that exposed millions of its users' private data to the world. These astonishing changes infuriated the privacy advocates and finally resulted in a petition being sent to the US regulator. Once Facebook saw this as a threat, it took no time in hiring a team of lobbyists in Washington and Brussels to push its agendas with politicians.
By making a move of this nature, Facebook assured their users that it seriously did not care at all about their users' privacy issues and their basic concerns. The point which is particularly arcane is that why could Facebook not hire 'a team of privacy specialists' to improve its privacy issues? Instead, we get news like 'Facebook is expected to improve its privacy issues.'
4. Facebook was actually doing this in the past
As if tampering with the privacy policies was not enough, Facebook began with a new travesty. It upset page owners on the site, by implementing a new stipulation. The conditions that were to be met were for page owners to have a minimum of 10,000 fans otherwise pay at least $25,000 for advertising, in order to set application tabs as landing pages.
Previously Facebook had announced that it had removed restrictions for page owners. However, they reverted back to their previous terms for page owners which ultimately followed an extensive dissent.
Why did Facebook include the landing page restrictions at first? Some speculations regarding the matter prove that such an act by the site was done so as to compel small page owners to pay for advertising.
The limitations set by Facebook authorities were meant to act as hurdles to prohibit spammers and scammers from establishing their own tabs that were filled with low grade or misleading content.
Ironically, the massive outcry of many page owners and page management companies has pinched a wrong nerve of the Facebook authorities and they have once again very reticently made a prompt reversion of the situation. Up until now, Facebook has not had much to say in relation to what has been going on.
Alternatively, the critical spectators viewing the marvels of Facebook are convinced that this act of theirs once again proves too much greediness and yet, too little care for its user. Facebook has been playing with its users' privacy matter as of late, but it has caused much balk for its users in the past as well.
When Facebook was created, CEO Mark Zuckerberg had a conversation with a college friend. This piece of evidence proves that Facebook really has no concern for its users' privacy rights from the beginning.
According to SAI sources, the following conversation took place just shortly after Zuckerberg launched Facebook in his dorm room:
Zuck: Yeah so if you ever need info about anyone at Harvard
Zuck: Just ask.
Zuck: I have over 4,000 emails, pictures, addresses, SNS
[Anonymous Friend's Name]: What? How'd you manage that one?
Zuck: People just submitted it.
Zuck: I don't know why.
Zuck: They "trust me"
Zuck: Dumb fucks.
This conversation is a short example of how cruel the makers of Facebook were at the time of its conception. To say the least, they did not go about it in a very respectful manner. Even after the heavy criticism and the never-ending scrutiny that they have received regarding their privacy policies, we can debate over the fact that those in charge may never take these reservations seriously.
Another major issue that erupted when this conversation was leaked to the media was that Facebook refused to make any comments in relation to the conversation. Thereby, it is apparent that Zuckerberg actually did have this conversation; he is guilty and obviously believes that this conversation does not deserve the attention that it has been getting.
6. Facebook is run by hypocrites
We have already proved how Facebook has been acting hypocritical. It has also been very immature in not responding to the concerns of its users. It has hardly ever responded directly to the questions posed by the media or its users. They simply use great PR tactics and cautiously slither away from the general concerns of its trusting users.
Facebook is replete with hypocrites when it comes to their policies. On their page of 'Terms & Conditions', Facebook guarantees the safety of certain things to its users. One such safety is as follows: "You will not post content that: is hateful, threatening, or pornographic; incites violence; or contains nudity or graphic or gratuitous violence." Another safety it provides is: "You will not use Facebook to do anything unlawful, misleading, malicious, or discriminatory."
What is the importance of Facebook to us in today's world? It is a forum for people to express themselves, stay in touch with their friends across continents, a means of shrinking the global village within our reach. Ninety percent of the population in the community of Facebook is not akin to the fact that, this is a site of charlatans. Now what is one to do about a topic worth sacrilegious mention on the site? It was termed by many as a freedom of expression.
The issue regarding "Draw Muhammad Day", sparked outrage across the Muslim community. The page was targeting people based on their religion. No one has the time or the inclination to delve into such issues which do not concern them, but this is a matter which is the equivalent of being bullied into a corner by a gangster mob's henchmen. Facebook should have abided by its very own policies (as mentioned above) and removed that page. However, they were too late in doing so. Colossal outrage and dissent had been sparked by the time they took the page off of Facebook. Had they reacted in removing that certain page in time, they would have simply saved a lot of trouble. On the other hand, Facebook authorities have been known to be quick in removing Nazi content from their site, which is sending all the wrong messages to the innumerable Muslim communities which are loggerheads with the Jews.
"You will not use Facebook to do anything unlawful, misleading, malicious, or discriminatory." This line clearly indicates that Facebook seemingly does not tolerate unlawful and prejudiced issues. How then does it justify not removing a page that was undoubtedly a matter of an extreme emotional nature and shocking for not just one but a million Muslims world over? Is this not sheer hypocrisy from their end? Certainly so!
On 24th May 2010, Mark Zuckerberg addressed Facebook users' privacy concerns in a column in the Washington Post. Zuckerberg has admitted to have made "a bunch of mistakes." However, the admission of the turmoil that he has put his users in does not help in convincing many people. He has admitted to tackling the concerns of Facebook users in the past and nothing formidable has ever come out of it.
Zuckerberg has declared that Facebook will be revising and adding new 'easier and simpler privacy controls' to its users. He has once more played a great PR tactic. By resting the blame on the shoulders of Facebook users, that they were unable to comprehend the previous privacy controls, hence the 'privacy issues' existed. It is highly unfair to rest the responsibility of providing sufficient privacy of a user on the user itself.
The point here lies in a simple but straightforward question. Will Zuckerberg ever be really honest? How long is he going to carry on fooling the users of Facebook? He has palpably accused users of Facebook as dumb people who trust him. Perhaps, he needs to take on a new approach in fixing up his trust issues with his users. He also needs to stand by to what he says, instead of simply continuing his relentless march to win the web. He has over 400 million people using his site. They deserve honesty.
In short: it is excellent news that Facebook is actually looking into the matter of fixing up its privacy settings, however had these moves been explained earlier to the public, it may have been more preferable.
Now we just have to wait and see whether Zuckerberg and his team successfully calm the tensions around the company's stance. It is no misnomer that criticizing is similar to a walk in a beautiful park, yet making that park takes many years. Facebook is the principal site for millions. People love it; keeping everyone happy is impossible, however, a few minor critical remarks now and then will let Mr. Zuckerberg know, that his users are no ignorant imbeciles from the days gone by. In fact there are hundreds of brilliant minds, think-tanks and socialites flocking this site, making his name even worthy of mention at all!


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BKE Scoop Neck T-Shirt
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- Linen blend cuffed sleeve t-shirt
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text: Britney-Spears By September 16, 2012 9:16 AM Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Category: Share on Facebook Share on Twitter More Leave a comment Send to a friend! Print this page Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr! Best of Wild 104 Shooting at T.I. Concert in New York Leaves One Person Dead, Three Wounded Are Public Swimming Facilities Safe? Women Aren't Negotiating Their Salary 80% of Americans Have No Idea What Memorial Day Is About Recommended For You ZergNet Best Of The Web ZergNet


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Have Dog, Will Blog
Amy Jo Hanna-Eckenrode - Audience Retention & Circulation Sales Manager
Amy is the Audience Retention & Circulation Sales Manager for the Altoona Mirror. She is the current proud mom of Hope, part mutt, Tasmanian devil and aardvark, 16-year-old old gold "Milo", Mabel, a German Shorthair Pointer rescue and Chase, her new Golden/Collie rescue boy... plus, 6 of the sweetest rescue cats, Bo Bo, Gracie Louise, Grayer Joe, Odi - star of her own FB page "The Miss-Adventures of Odilia" and Katie and Krusher. (Her beautiful Golden seniors, Candy, Keetie, Jesse, Mazey, Ginger and Oakley still remain forever close to her heart just like all her other rescues she has fostered/adopted.) Amy is a big advocate of adopting hard-to-place senior pets, volunteer rescue organizations, and raising animal welfare awareness. Amy and her husband have opened their home to many dogs and cats over the years turning their home into nothing short of a zoo – or barn, as her mother calls it. Home is where the heart is and there is no shortage of unconditional love at the Hanna-Eckenrode household -- ever!
email: email@example.com
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|LAT-LON, LLC. Patent applications
|Patent application number
|ORIENTATION-BASED WIRELESS SENSING APPARATUS - An orientation-based wireless sensor includes a transmitter unit having a body housing a microprocessor, a transmitter, and an accelerometer for detecting the orientation of the transmitter unit relative to one-, two- or three-axis of the direction of the pull of earth's gravity. The transmitter body is mounted on a feature of a vehicle that it is desirable to monitor. The transmitter will transmit orientation data at predetermined time intervals to a receiver on the vehicle, which will in turn process the information, adding additional information, such as GPS location, and wirelessly send the data to a database that is available to a customer over the Internet


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7.30pm, Nine
After 1647 meals in a row where Charlie (Charlie Sheen, above right) has picked up the cheque, Alan (Jon Cryer, above centre) finally cracks open his wallet.
It's such an event that the family stops in their tracks. Is he dying? Is he ill? When the truth comes out, it's stranger than anyone suspected.
It seems he's branched out with his chiropractic business, offering "in-house therapy" to select clients. Or to be more accurate, massage with a "happy ending" for a rich widow.
While Charlie has a parallel storyline here about sleeping with his ex-girlfriend's best friend while still trying to get his old relationship back on track, it's definitely Alan's downfall that makes this an above-average episode.
Years of living on high moral ground give him a lot further to fall and he lands with a hilarious crash.


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.:Dahvie and Jayy:. by Mako-EyedWatch
©2012-2016 Mako-Eyed
Awwww soo cute!!!
i am so in love with you
I his hair... Dahvie
awww they are to cute!!! im jelly~ <3
omg i completely LOVE Dahvie's face! <3
hey it's your icon!
hey it's your icon!
the colours aren't that bad! :}
Wow your a good drawer <3 and colorer <3 I know thats not not a word! But in my vocabulary it is <3


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mHealth in an mWorld
How mobile technology is transforming health care
Examining factors driving the adoption of mHealth and opportunities it presents to lower costs and improve patient outcomes.
The smart phone has already become the keeper of an expanding array of health care apps that prod and poke the owner to become fitter, lose weight and be altogether healthier. This trend, however, is just the beginning of a new mobile paradigm now emerging in health care. Mobile technologies have become ubiquitous among health care consumers and professionals. Simultaneously, the healthcare industry is moving towards a delivery model that is patient-centered and value-based. A new report by the Deloitte Center for Health Solutions asserts that mobile technologies can facilitate the shift in the relationship between clinicians, payers, life sciences companies and patients that will be required to implement this new model.
View the full report at the Center for Health Solutions website.
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Life at Deloitte
People make Deloitte one of the best places to work. What's great about the people? That's an easy answer. They are exceptional. Each person is unique and valued for that, among the best and brightest in the business, and takes pride in his or her achievements and the success of others.
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Show transcribed image text
Show transcribed image text Derive Fourier coefficients a0, an and bn. For computing vo(t) using the first four non-zero terms, use (i) the actual magnitude and phase angle from T(jw) and (ii) Gain and phase angle values from the Bode plots. Only do the additional task If VA = 20 V and To = 2 pi ms, find the first four nonzero in the Fourier series of vo(t) for R = 10 k ohm, and C= 0.05 mu F.


text:
I took a small path leading
up a hill valley, finding there
a temple, its gate covered
with moss, and in front of
the door but tracks of birds;
in the room of the old monk
no one was living, and I
staring through the window
saw but a hair duster hanging
on the wall, itself covered
with dust; emptily I sighed
thinking to go, but then
turning back several times,
seeing how the mist on
the hills was flying, and then
a light rain fell as if it
were flowers falling from
the sky, making a music of
its own; away in the distance
came the cry of a monkey, and
for me the cares of the world
slipped away, and I was filled
with the beauty around me.
Provide your analysis, explanation, meaning, interpretation, and comments on the poem Looking For A Monk And Not Finding Him here.
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Is Is ~ Yeah Yeah Yeahs
For those who cannot wait for the next full "Yeah Yeah Yeahs" album, this will definitely hold you over. Rough, tough and feisty, you will want to crank it up.
MGMT! These two guys are young and soulful if I may say so with a bit of experimental and psyc rock to it, it's a perfect mix for those summer drives.Tags: music, CD, electronica, rock, listen, indie, electropop, Pop, electricAdded 7 Years Ago from Amazon.com
What is there to even say about this, I love this cd with all of my heart. EVERY last single song is a little ode to life.


text:
Bittersweet Mackerel Salad
If you cannot find smoked mackerel, you can use smoked salmon.
Bittersweet Mackerel Salad
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Huiyan Peak is the first peak of the 72 peaks of Mount Heng. In ancient, people thought that the wild geese stopped here when they flew to the south and stay here until next spring to return to the north. Famous poet Du Fu wrote the poem that "having crossed one thousand kilometers, the wild geese in Hengyang returned to the north again".
The hill door of Yan Peak is a stone torii. Banshan Pavilion is not far away from the door hill. Upward and across "one hundred step scaling ladder", one reaches the peak. In the peak, there is Yanfeng Temple. According to records, this temple was built in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. During Liangwu Emperor Period, it is called Chengyun Temple. After Tang Dynasty, it was named Yanfeng Temple, Yanfeng temple, Huayao Temple, Xichan Temple, Luohan (arhat) Temple are called four big temples of zen of Buddhism in Hengyang. There have been many hierarch come here to study zen.
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We try to make the information on China Travel accurate when we write/edit it. If you find any outdated information, please inform us.


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These 10 classic recipes make cooking French food easy.
8 Slow-Cooker Beef Stew Recipes
Thanks to culinary visionaries like Julia Child, home chefs across the country whip up sophisticated French meals without breaking a sweat. Many dishes, such as quiche and crème brûlée, have become part of the national vocabulary. Introduce a few more to yours with these 10 traditional French recipes, many of which are healthier and faster to prepare than the standard version.Find more French dishes you'll love with Guilt-Free French Food, A Night in Provence dinner party menu, and 14 Classic French Desserts.More
This classic French composed salad — with its hard-boiled eggs, baby red potatoes, olives, and tuna — is the perfect entrée for a ladies' lunch or light dinner.
Recipe: Salad Niçoise
This quiche was a favorite of Julia Child. With its flaky pastry crust and nutty Gruyère cheese-enhanced filling, we can see why.
Recipe: Bacon-and-Leek Quiche
15 Ways To Get Kids Involved In Making Breakfast


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|This Just In
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The Scenes
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Product Details
A goes-with-anything shape. Military-inspired cargo pockets. A must-have for balmy days (and nights).
Walker Mini
Rated 5 out of 5 by 1 reviewer.
Rated 5 out of 5 by hjd112 Great cargo skirt This is my favourite style of skirt for the summer. So easy to wear. April 8, 2014
1-1 of 1


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The Psychology Department at California State University, Northridge has long been considered to be outstanding. In fact, a recent report from the National Science Foundation confirmed that more graduates of our department completed Ph.D. programs than graduates from any other non-Ph.D. granting university in the country.
Featured News
2016 Graduation Information for Undergrads
May 12, 2016
Congrats to those ready to graduate this year! This information should help you make sure you get your diploma Read more
CSUN Faculty's Research in Family Child Care Reveals Financial Struggle Among Providers Despite High Professional Value
May 9, 2016
Thousands of parents in California rely on the more than 30,000 licensed family child care homes in the state to take care of their children during and after daytime work hours.
Though these providers, on average, have more than 11 years of professional experience and engage in professional development and quality improvement, a substantial number of them struggle financially, according to findings from a study led by California State University, Northridge psychology professor Holli Tonyan. Read more about Prof. Tonyan's Research.
Psychology Department Faculty earn numerous student service awards!
April 28, 2016
Five faculty from the Department of Psychology have been awarded the 2015-16 Exceptional Levels of Service to Students Award! Read more
Congratulations to Drs. Mark Otten & Jill Razani, this year's recipients of two CSUN Faculty Awards!
April 28, 2016
Congratulations to Drs. Mark Otten & Jill Razani, this year's recipients of two CSUN Faculty Awards! Read more
Year of the Angry Voter Lecture
April 20, 2016
Please join us Thursday, April 28th for the annual Envisioning California Lecture titled the "Year of the Angry Voter."