text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Jun 12, 2012
|Filing date
|Aug 16, 2005
|Priority date
|Aug 16, 2004
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Kevin R. Ward, Martin L. Lenhardt
|Original Assignee
|Virginia Commonwealth University
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (29), Classifications (9), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The invention generally relates to acoustical and/or mechanical vibrational based methods that increase tissue blood flow and oxygenation. In particular, the invention provides methods and equipment for the use of low frequency sound or mechanical vibration to increase blood flow and hence tissue oxygenation. The methods are useful for the treatment or prevention of disorders related to ischemia and low blood flow.
2. Background of the Invention
Pathological conditions associated with decreased or low blood flow (ischemia) kill or incapacitate millions of people annually. Examples of such conditions include hemorrhagic shock, cardiogenic shock, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrest, septic shock, intestinal ischemia, myocardial ischemia, stroke, traumatic brain injury, sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis, burns, compartment syndrome, and acute and chronic wounds, among others. In these cases, ischemia can cause rapid, irreversible damage or death of the affected tissue. In addition, chronic, non-acute low blood flow has been implicated in the development of progressive diseases such as osteoporosis.
To date, the major means to modulate blood flow to organ systems has been with the use of pharmaceutical agents delivered intravenously. These have taken the form of intravenous fluids, vasopressors, and vasodilators. Alternatively, invasive devices such as the intra-aortic balloon pump have been used. These methods are invasive and associated with various complications. Recent interest has been demonstrated in modulating blood flow pharmacologically using the nitric oxide pathway but there are currently no approved uses for such with the exception of inhaled nitric oxide for severe pulmonary hypertension.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,155,976 to Sackner et al. (Dec. 5, 2000) describes a bed or device which produces periodic Gz acceleration. This is a mechanical device which shakes or moves the subject at a certain frequency in a head to toe direction. It has been studied for use in cardiac arrest and improved blood flow. The mechanism by which it improves flow is believed to be based on these shaking movements causing an increase in nitric oxide production. However, this device is not portable, and cannot be readily adapted to emergency situations.
The prior art has thus far failed to provide non-invasive methodology for the prevention or treatment of low blood flow/ischemia, particularly methodology that can be readily employed in emergency situations.
The present invention provides methods for preventing or treating low blood flow/ischemia in tissue, and equipment (devices) for carrying out the methods. The invention is based on the discovery that a significant increase in blood flow occurs in tissues within the body that are exposed to low frequency sound or vibration, i.e. tissues through which low frequency sound and/or vibration is transmitted. Without being bound by theory, the proposed mechanism for this observation is likely related to the ability of low frequency sound and/or vibration to produce vasodilation of the microvasculature. This affect may be caused by the ability of low frequency sound and/or vibration to increase shear wall stress at the level of the microvascular endothelium, which in turn produces an increase in endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production. NO is known to be a potent vasodilator. Increasing blood flow results in increases in tissue oxygenation, which may be more important in the treatment of low blood flow/ischemia than strict maintenance of systemic blood flow. It may also be that the acoustic and vibrational frequencies are capable of either primarily or secondarily modulating the autonomic nervous system (changing parasympathetic and sympathetic tone) which may have the effect of improving blood flow and even changing neurohumoral and immune function. The invention may be used in both human and veterinary applications.
The present invention provides methods and equipment for increasing tissue oxygenation by exposing the tissue to low frequency sound (acoustical vibration) and/or mechanical vibration. Examples described herein demonstrate that exposure of tissue to low frequency sound and/or vibration causes a significant increase in blood flow within the tissue. Exposure of tissue to low frequency sound and/or vibration can thus be used to prevent or treat disorders related to tissue damage caused by low blood flow/ischemia. It is likely that increased blood flow is the result of vasodilation of the microvasculature as a result of exposure to the low frequency sound, and this effect may be mediated by the ability of low frequency sound to increase shear wall stress of the microvascular endothelium, which in turn produces an increase in endothelial levels of nitric oxide (NO), a potent vasodilator. Thus, even under conditions of low blood pressure (e.g. after blood loss), the methods of the invention permit tissue oxygenation to be maintained, and tissue damage that would otherwise occur is avoided or at least attenuated. The method can be used after injury or trauma to increase oxygenation of tissue that has already experienced low blood flow/ischemia. Alternatively, the method may be used prophylactically to prevent or attenuate tissue damage that would otherwise be expected, e.g. in certain types of surgical intervention.
Those of skill in the art will recognize that the terms "low blood flow" and "ischemia" are relative terms, and can vary significantly from individual to individual, from tissue to tissue, from organ to organ, and even according to the physiological history of the tissue (e.g., recent exercise, drug intake, sleep vs waking, etc.). Herein, the terms "low blood flow" and "ischemia" are used interchangeably herein, and refer to blood flow levels in tissue which would be recognized by a skilled practitioner (e.g. a physician, trained technician, etc.) as below a normal level for a comparable control tissue. The use of such standards is well-known in the medical arts.
A significant advantage of the methodology of the invention is that it is non-invasive. The method requires only that low frequency sound be transmitted directly through the outermost protective layer of a subject (e.g. skin) in a manner that allows the low frequency sound to reach and be transmitted into the targeted tissue below.
Another advantage of the invention is that the devices used to carry out the methods are portable, convenient for use, and readily adaptable to a wide variety of situations. For example, the technology may be utilized in emergency situations, in pre-hospital settings (e.g., by paramedics), in emergency rooms, operating rooms, intensive care units, schools, airports, in the home, etc. The devices are also suitable for use in remote locations where it would be difficult or impossible to provide equipment or highly specialized personnel such as surgical equipment and surgeons to carry out more invasive techniques. Further, the methodology requires minimal or no participation of the subject being treated. Thus, even an unconscious patient in a supine position may be treated with relative ease. Also, the cost of the devices is relatively low, making them fiscally accessible to health care practitioners in less affluent settings.
An additional advantage of the method is that it is subject to a high level of control. The effects of sound and/or vibrational transmission on blood flow are rapid, with increases occurring within seconds of the application of a source of low frequency acoustical energy. Likewise, after withdrawal of the source of the acoustical energy, the effects diminish within minutes. Thus, the effect of sound and/or vibrational transmission on blood flow in the targeted tissue can be closely regulated and accurately titrated.
According to the methods of the invention, a source of low frequency sound and/or vibration is typically placed directly on a protective layer or material that is external to the tissue in which blood flow is to be increased. In a preferred embodiment, this protective layer is skin, and the sound or vibrational source is placed directly on the skin. However, those of skill in the art will recognize that there may be instances where the protective layer is a substance other than skin, for example, a synthetic bandage or bioartificial covering such as those used to cover wounds (e.g. of burn patients); or some other type of prosthetic covering or device.
Further, circumstances may arise which preclude direct contact with skin, so that the source is instead placed on material that covers the skin (e.g. clothing), for example, in an emergency situation where there is not sufficient time to remove a patient's clothing, or when removal might be inadvisable (patient or patients limbs cannot be moved without causing possible further trauma), or in which direct exposure of the skin might otherwise have untoward effects (e.g. treatment being carried out in conditions of severe cold, exposure to chemicals, etc.).
The acoustical or vibrational energy that is used in the practice of the invention is low frequency sound (acoustical energy) or vibration (mechanical energy). In preferred embodiments of the invention, the sound or vibration that is delivered is comparable to the resonant frequencies of the internal organs (e.g., in the range from less than 1 Hz to about 50 Hz, and more preferably from about 5 Hz to about 20 Hz). For example, the frequency may be about 8 Hz in some applications (e.g., 8 Hz may be preferred for the chest, but the frequency would be different for different organs based on their acoustic, i.e., resonant, properties and geometries); however, depending on the application the frequency may be different (e.g., 0.1-1000 Hz). These frequencies can be modulated (modulating frequencies) by carriers up to 100 kHz. The result of multiplying one frequency by another (Amplitude Modulation [AM]) is the carrier plus or minus the modulators. In one embodiment of the invention, in order to produce such low frequencies with relatively small, conveniently sized transducers, the present invention takes advantage of the fact that the body is a nonlinear medium in which modulated frequencies are demodulated. Thus, in order to attain an 8 Hz frequency within the targeted tissue, a modulated combination of, for example, a 40 or 45 Hz carrier frequency modulated by 8 Hz is generated and administered. Outside the body, the result would be the carrier (40 Hz)+/−8 Hz. However, within the body (a nonlinear medium), the signal is demodulated to the independent components: 40 Hz carrier plus the separate 8 Hz modulating frequency. As a result, the targeted tissue receives sound energy at a frequency of 8 Hz via non parametric demodulation. Addition combinations of carrier and modulator frequencies may also be used. For example, the carrier frequency will generally be in the range of about 10 to about 100,000 Hz, and preferably in the range of about 50 to 250 Hz. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the frequency that is employed is about 8 Hz modulated by about 40-45 Hz for the chest application.
It should be understood that "sound" is actually vibration being applied to the body. The vibration is measured as acceleration in reference to one meter per second squared. This is the second derivative of vibration displacing the skin. It some applications, it is preferable to provide exposure to sound or vibration for a period sufficient to increase oxygen levels by greater than 10 m/s2 (which is about one gravity unit root mean square (1 g rms)). Safety concerns may arise for levels of more than 2 g rms depending upon frequency and plane of simulation. The vibration needed may be "perceptual", but it is safe and not annoying.
In one embodiment of the present invention, increased blood flow is stimulated in the tissues of a patient by the continuous application of low frequency sound or vibration over a discrete period of time. The length of time during which sound is applied may vary from situation to situation, depending on factors such as the nature and severity of the condition being treated: the size, age, gender, and overall physical condition of the patient, etc. However, measurement of oxygen is recommended. In general, the duration of application will be in the range of less than one minute to a few minutes, and preferably in the range of one to two minutes. Alternatively, the low frequency sound may be delivered in an oscillating or pulsed manner e.g. by employing repeated sequences of seconds or minutes on and off, resulting in intermittent (sporadic (30 seconds on-30 seconds off) or non-sporadic (30 seconds on-10 seconds off)), alternating delivery and cessation of delivery of the low frequency sound. This is the duty cycle, pulsing or continuous; however, the signal may be a series of discrete pulses with less than a millisecond between pulses. The pulses can also be in a duty cycle, that is, pulsing or continuous.
In general, the increase in blood flow that results from the application of low frequency sound is rapid and can be monitored in real time (e.g., by Doppler measurements), thereby permitting careful monitoring of the result, and application and withdrawal of the source of sound as necessary. Further, a treatment plan may be designed in which either continuous or pulsed delivery of low frequency sound is carried out over a period of days, weeks, months, or even years, depending on the particular circumstances of the patient being treated. Such an extended treatment plan may be utilized, for example, for the treatment of conditions related to chronic low blood flow, e.g. for the treatment of osteoporosis or other conditions associated with aging.
The invention contemplates the use of a wide range of low frequency settings or modulations being applied to any of a variety of areas of the body (feet, shoulders, back, head, etc.) for short or long periods of time. The acoustic (sound) or mechanical vibrations can be pulsed or continuous or a mixture of the two. In one experiment, a large hand-held mechanical vibrator was placed on the soles of the feet of a patient. This produced an increase in tissue oxygenation at the shoulder (deltoid muscle) (
The application of sound or mechanical vibrational stimuli may be enhanced by a variety of adjuncts. For example, putting a gel pad under the entire patient or part of the patient may assist in getting the patient to "shake" or vibrate better by preventing dampening of the vibrational stimuli by the contact the patient is making to the ground or stretcher.
While the point of contact for a mechanical vibratory device may be at a single location (e.g., soles of the feet), the invention might be enhanced by using several points of contact. For example, having selected combinations of points of contact may be useful for particular applications. Similarly, sound devices may be placed at or adjacent to a variety of locations on the patient's body.
The practice of the invention may be carried out to prevent or treat a wide array of disorders caused by low blood flow and/or ischemia. Such disorders may be the result of acute low blood flow (e.g. caused by trauma or a wound) or due to chronic low blood flow (e.g. osteoporisis). Such conditions include but are not limited to those that are related to hemorrhagic shock, cardiogenic shock, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrest, septic shock, intestinal ischemia, myocardial ischemia, stroke, traumatic brain injury, sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis, burns, compartment syndrome, and acute and chronic wounds, osteoporosis, erectile dysfunction, or any condition in which the state of health of the mind or body would be improved by improving blood flow for various periods of time. The device would also assist in the treatment of environmental emergencies such as hypothermia or hyperthermia. In hyperthermia, increasing blood flow to the skin would assist in the skin being able to transmit more heat to the atmosphere or by allowing more efficient heat transfer between the body and cooling devices which may be placed in contact with the skin. In cases of hypothermia, improved blood flow to the skin may assist in more efficient heat transfer from warming devices to the body when they are placed in contact with the skin. The interaction of red cells with the endothelium may also promote lysis of thrombi within vessels as might occur in myocardial infarction or stroke or other states of acute arterial occlusion. Such motion may act as an adjunct to clot lysing drugs or may help in preventing secondary clotting after placement of vascular stents or after angioplasty. In general, the methods of the invention can be used to treat any condition caused by or related to low blood flow and/or ischemia or in which improved blood flow to a region would improve the state of an individual.
As a physical therapy modality, the application of sound or vibration to a patient as contemplated herein can improve function, for example, in the cases of over exertion or recovery from trauma, hypothermia, or surgery. Patients in chronic immobilization would benefit from muscle activation by resonance and blood flow to tissues in a strategy to prevent or reduce muscle fiber atrophy. The application of sound or vibration for tissue resuscitation as contemplated herein may also have application in sports medicine, geriatric well being, prophylactic use on long air flights. In addition, the invention may be useful In relaxation or massage therapies.
In general, the source of low frequency sound or vibration is placed on the skin of a subject in an area that is located in close proximity to (e.g. immediately external to) the tissue that is to be treated (although experiments with applying vibrations to the soles of the feet with increased oxygenation in the shoulder muscles, as described above, demonstrate that this is not required). Improvement in oxygenation (oxygen flow to tissues) has been demonstrated both locally and at a distance when stimulating the upper and lower trunk, head, neck, feet, ankles, and legs. Vibration near the area of interest may be the best placement since intensity is an important factor and intensity reduces with distance from the source. A plurality of vibrators in an array may enhance the effect since it is the intensity of the vibration that is important. Furthermore, alternating the phase of stimulation could achieve more localized or focused effects.
Some of the types of applications in which sound or vibratory devices might be employed to achieve increased tissue oxygenation may be as follows:
Those of skill in the art will recognize that many suitable sources and forms of sources of low frequency sound and mechanical vibration may be used in the practice of the present invention, and the invention further provides a device for use in carrying out the methods of the invention. In general, the device includes a source of low frequency sound or vibration, a portion of which is used to directly contact the skin of the subject to whom the sound is administered (a direct contact portion). Optionally, the device may also comprise a means of monitoring the blood flow and/or tissue oxygenation of the subject in order to provide real time feedback. It may allow for a closed loop approach in which the frequencies are adjusted to maximize and sustain the desired result. In general, the portion of the device that contacts the subject being treated has at least one surface that is substantially flat in order to make maximal contact with the skin of the subject at the area where the acoustic energy is to be applied. Alternatively, the surface of the direct contact portion may be designed to fit body contours (e.g. curved), or may even be flexible so that the surface molds to the shape of the body where direct contact is made. In general, the surface area of the direct contact portion of the device will be in the range of less than 10 to a few centimeters in diameter, and preferably in the range of about 3-6 centimeters in diameter. However, it should be understood that larger body size shakers may be valuable in hospitals or other applications. The precise size and shape of this portion of the device is not critical, and can be any size and shape that effectively delivers low frequency sound to the area of the patients body that is targeted for delivery of the sound. For example, the device may be designed so as to deliver sound or vibration to relatively small, focused areas of the body or to isolated organ systems requiring increases in blood flow, e.g. the brain (during stroke, after traumatic brain injury, or as a result of progressive congestive heart failure) or the heart (during acute myocardial infarction). Further, one or more than one direct contact portions of the devices may be used at the same time, i.e. a patient may be treated by administering sound to only a single site at a time, or to multiple sites at the same time. Alternatively, the invention also contemplates devices designed for direct contact with larger areas of the body. For example, for the treatment of osteoporosis, a device may be designed with a contact portion that "wraps around" the entire hip, all or a portion of a limb such as a leg, etc., as in a vibrator array. In addition, the device may be adapted to modulate increases in whole body blood flow for disease states that affect the entire body, e.g. hemorrhagic, cardiogenic, and septic shock. If the body is viewed as a bag of water surrounding a solid frame, the body becomes a waveguide and vibration can be propagated from head to toe with vibrators on the feet and the head, and these may be synchronized in phase, frequency or time. Amplitude peaks could be tuned in any point by altering the synchrony.
The device of the invention also includes a means to generate acoustic and/or vibrational energy of suitable frequencies.
The device of the invention also typically includes a means for monitoring the increase in blood flow that occurs as a result of practicing the method. Such means are known to those of skill in the art, and include but are not limited to Doppler measurements, measurements of blood flow and tissue oxygen levels by near infrared spectroscopy, etc. In a preferred embodiment, the means is able to monitor blood flow or oxygenation in real time. Total body tissue oxygen consumption and tissue oxygen delivery can be measured with a number of devices such as those using indirect calorimetry, thermodilution and impedance measures.
The methods of the present invention may be practiced as a stand alone treatment (for humans or animals (veterinary applications)). Alternatively, and particularly in emergency situations, the methods of the invention will be practiced in conjunction with other modes of treatment, e.g. resuscitation measures such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), defibrillation, blood transfusions, fluid administration, surgery, administration of vasoactive and/or cardioactive medications, or any other medication or maneuver designed to improve blood flow and tissue oxygenation. An advantage of the present methodology is that it is highly amenable to use with other treatments.
In order to overcome this problem, a modulated signal was used. According to the mathematics of vibration, amplitude modulation is the multiplication of one frequency by another. For example, if a frequency of 8 Hz is modulated by a 40 Hz frequency, the resulting frequency, when propagated through a liner medium, will be the carrier (40 Hz)�8 Hz. However, if the frequencies are propagated through a non-linear acoustic system (e.g. water, or biological tissue such as skin) the combined signal demodulates into the component frequencies of 40 Hz and 8 Hz. Theoretically, this provides a way to introduce an 8 Hz signal into tissues within the body in a facile manner.
This can be illustrated as follows:
Modulation=8 by 45 Hz
AM=(1=cos Ωt�cos ωt
where Ω=2πF [modulating ˜] and ω=πf [carriers˜]
Demodulation=8.45 Hz
Demodulation Ω=Ωa F Ω [f 2(t)], where a is an exponent=1.85.
In order to test this theory in vivo, acoustical speakers (i.e. sound actuators designed on a speaker platform-coil-magnet) were placed in contact with the thorax and abdomen of a human subject, and sound at a frequency of 8 Hz and 8 Hz modulated by 40 Hz (the carrier can be any frequency, e.g., 30-120 Hz) was transmitted. The sound spectrum was recorded when the transducer when mass loaded by the body of the subject, and is depicted in
In addition, during the application of the 8 Hz (modulated by 40 Hz) signal, superficial (surface skin) and deep soft tissue (dermis, 5-7 mm below the skin) blood flow was measured by the technique of laser Doppler. The fiber optic probe signal, which measures blood flow using the Doppler principle, correlates with blood flow, and hence tissue perfusion. The results are presented in
As discussed above, the modulator can be any frequency from less than 1 Hz to 30 or 40 Hz depending on the organ or tissue targeted for therapy. This example demonstrates 8 Hz Is a good frequency to vibrate the chest.
This example demonstrates that improvements in blood flow can be produced remote from the probe indicating that the effect can be systemic in nature.
Experimental results were extended by applying acoustical signals to various parts of the body of a human subject. The acoustical vibration source was placed, in succession, on the feet, the chest, the back of the head, and the back. Changes in O2 levels in response to the changing position of the vibrational energy source were measured using a near infrared spectroscopy sensor located at the shoulder of the subject. This measures the aggregate tissue hemoglobin saturation level of the deltoid muscle at a depth of about 4 cm. As can be seen in
This example demonstrates again that improvements in blood flow and tissue oxygenation can be produced at locations which are removed from the area of blood flow and oxygenation monitoring meaning that the energy is producing a systemic effect.
Similar experiments were carried out using a swine animal model. In this case, blood flow Doppler sensors were placed in muscle tissue of the pig. An acoustical signal of 8 Hz modulated by 45 hz was applied across the chest similar to that shown in
In addition, the effect of acoustical stimulation on blood flow under conditions of low blood pressure were examined. One liter of blood was removed from the pig, and the experiment was repeated as above. The results are presented in
This example demonstrates that even with a stopped heart, blood was forced from the body using vibration alone.
While the invention has been described in terms of its preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Accordingly, the present invention should not be limited to the embodiments as described above, but should further include all modifications and equivalents thereof within the spirit and scope of the description provided herein.
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 7, 2012
Owner name: VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY, VIRGINIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WARD, KEVIN R.;LENHARDT, MARTIN L.;SIGNING DATES FROM 20120221 TO 20120306;REEL/FRAME:027819/0201
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All would agree that the VA hospitals do much good. But, the mere fact that they consist of a government bureaucracy means that too many vets have and will continue to drop through the crack. A simple hallmark of a true bureaucracy mismanaged by it�s own bureaucracy. The system works not unlike an amoeba which at some point, begins to feed upon itself enabling it to thrive and even to mutate. It develops its own operational mechanism which is designed in a cellular fashion; each cell doing its own thing. Any attempt to manage a system such as this from the top is futile � sort of like �squeezing the proverbial balloon.� It continues to pop out at random places when squeezed at any particular place or akin to swimming a relay in the Vaseline pool. It eventually develops mini-bureaucracies within the mother bureaucracy, thus rendering management from the top, at least as we know it, even more of an impossibility.
Firing the top manager would have absolutely no effect on this monster which has been created and allowed to continue its mutation since its creation. Why? Because each of the mini-cells are able to operate in and of themselves -independent of the others.
Bottom line is that this monster cannot be managed by conventional management techniques. They will never work; the juggernaut is on the roll, It�s momentum virtually unstoppable.
Crucifixion and rebirth from the bottom is the only effective solution.
But such an extreme tactic will, of course, never come to pass. Our political system, unique to all the systems in the world, which has heretofore served us well in the past, has become tainted to the degree that it too is ineffective except, seemingly as a tool to ensure nothing in the governmental system works as designed.
So, we can continue to look forward to that ancient and ineffective fix of substandard tape, glue and political rhetoric.
Carlton Melvin, Havelock
Location, ST | website.com


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Quest Integration has been this area's premier engineering and manufacturing solution provider of software, support, training, and services since 1998.
At Quest, we strive to provide you the best local support. Your success is our success; that's why we regularly host training and complimentary events in your area. We also offer online options just in case you can't make it. Our biggest commitment? Ensuring you always talk to a real person. So let us know how we can help serve you today.
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Partisan politics came to a head Monday night at the Rutherford County Election Committee meeting.
At issue were the minutes from the preceding meeting held May 4 and what exactly the minutes should contain.
"When you start taking things out of the minutes, it doesn't pass the sniff test," Commissioner John Taylor said.
Commissioner Denice Rucker first submitted minutes at the end of May that read more like a transcript of the meeting, where the commission discussed general business, along with starting the process to replace current Elections Administrator Hooper Penuel. At times the debate was heated, mostly between Chairman Tom Walker and Taylor.
Taylor then rewrote the minutes into a summary of the events, as did Rucker. With the Republican caucus still unsatisfied, Rucker rewrote the minutes a third time taking even more of the debate out.
When the third version minutes came to a vote Monday night, the committee voted against approving them on a strict party-line vote with Republicans against and Democrats in favor.
There was some discussion of what the minutes should contain. and Walker suggested Rucker and Commissioner Doris Jones get together and come to an agreement. When Jones was secretary, election commission staff compiled the minutes and she approved them.
Jones argued Robert's Rules of Order contend minutes should not reflect discussion and debate, but only items that were voted on.
Taylor argued Walker was trying to "micromanage" the secretary's job.
"Is there something in the minutes you don't want?" Taylor asked.
"No," Walker responded.
"Then what's the problem," Taylor snapped back.
But there was something Jones wanted to remove, specifically eight paragraphs referring to the process for hiring a new elections administrator.
"I thought they were superfluous. It seemed like laboring a point," Jones said, adding when she looks at minutes, she looks for facts, not opinions.
Eventually, Jones withdrew her motion and the minutes were approved unanimously without revisions.
The battle over the minutes is just part of a partisan power struggle brewing at the commission, which started last year.
In November 2008, the Republicans took the majority in the General Assembly, giving them, among other privileges, a majority stake in county election commissions across the state.
Earlier this year, long-time Democratic Election Commissioner Robert Rose stepped down and Republican Oscar Gardner took his place.
At the same time, Democrat Taylor was replaced by Republican Walker as chairman of the commission, which is charged with ensuring fair and honest elections in the county. Republican Jones was replaced by Democrat Rucker as secretary and charged with compiling the minutes for each meeting.
On Monday night, the power struggle between the two parties came to a head over a seemingly innocuous item on the minutes, Rucker's version of the May 4 minutes.
If the commission gets this upset about the minutes, imagine how heated the argument will get about the next administrator of elections.


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Blog — What's New
Standard post
When it comes to Club Penguin, Dexter12311 is a team player – and not just for Team Blue! He's known for throwing awesome parties and helping fellow EPF agents on top secret missions!
If you know someone who should be POTD, contact us!
-Club Penguin Team


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While his former New England Patriots teammates were rotating between the circus that is Super Bowl Media Week and actually preparing to face the Seattle Seahawks in what would become one of the most captivating Super Bowls of all-time, Aaron Hernandez sat in a courtroom last Thursday for the first day of his trial for… Continue Reading
Tag Archives: football
What To Do To Guarantee PrivacyPosted in Sports Business and the Law
No, this is not the umpteenth blog on the Sony situation. This is the one that Sony kept off the front pages. Adrian Peterson, the star running back of the Vikings, spoke with Troy Vincent, an executive at the NFL. There appeared to be an offer of a two game suspension, and now Peterson has… Continue Reading
Leadership and the "It" FactorPosted in Sports Business and the Law
Johnny Manziel is getting his first start this weekend. As profiled in the Bleacher Report, he has earned it. Respectful and patient are not the words that were associated with him in college. By the same token, I have never seen a more exciting college quarterback. Back to law. Classes on how to train associates… Continue Reading
Exceptional Insurance: Safeguarding the SuperstarPosted in Sports Business and the Law
By Jeffrey S. Kravitz, Esquire & Sekou Campbell, Esquire Sam Kahn, Jr. of ESPN Radio recently reported that Johnny Manziel is exploring the option of "Exceptional Student-Athlete Disability Insurance," provided by the NCAA. The insurance coverage is reported to be routinely sought by players in Manziel's position. Insurance, a frequent theme on this blog, poses interesting… Continue Reading
Catfishing: Online Impersonation Generally Not Illegal…YetPosted in Sports Business and the Law
By Maura L. Burke, Esq. Earlier this month, news broke that Notre Dame football star Manti Te'o was the victim of an elaborate hoax involving an online relationship with an imaginary girlfriend. Aside from starting the newest Internet trend of "Teoing", the linebacker's well-reported fake girlfriend ruse brought to light the prevalence of "catfishing" scams. The… Continue Reading
Death of a Football PlayerPosted in Sports History
By Jeffrey S. Kravitz, Esquire Jovan Belcher had his whole life ahead of him and now he and his girlfriend are gone. According to the Daily News, he kissed the corpse after he shot her, before killing himself. Law allows us to grow as we grow old. Athletics often rob us of that luxury. As… Continue Reading
Should Freshmen Be Eligible for the Heisman?Posted in Sports History
By Jeffrey S. Kravitz, Esq. Johnny Manziel is putting up numbers for Texas A&M that make him, if not the odds on favorite for the Heisman, at least a face that we will see at the New York Athletic Club when the award is given. And why not? Does anyone doubt that Kareem Abdul Jabbar… Continue Reading
NFL Referees All Set to Magically DisappearPosted in Sports Business and the Law
By Jeffrey S. Kravitz and Sekou Campbell According to the Wall Street Journal and the Associated Press, the NFL has reached a tentative agreement to end its lockout of the referees. Ed Hochuli, whom Jeff Kravitz has worked with (as a lawyer not a ref), reads "Rules. Lots of Rules." This year, during the lockout,… Continue Reading
Students or Employees?Posted in Labor & Employment, Sports Business and the Law
Education is a unique commodity. Beyond the ability to earn more in the marketplace, education has an intrinsic value. It gives individuals the tools to more fully engage the entire observed world psychologically, personally, professionally, politically, and philosophically. Few other endeavors so dramatically expand rather than diminish returns of investment over time. Thus, questions of compensation in the school setting pose particular… Continue Reading
WWJDPosted in Sports Business and the Law
At my former firm, I was succeeded as office managing partner by someone who was a religious Christian. A wonderful guy, he started a prayer group on campus. The other partners were not pleased and nominated me to talk with him. My response was, "sure, make the Jewish kid do it." I was not happy but took… Continue Reading
Why Chris Petersen Is My Hero (For Now)Posted in Sports Business and the Law
According to Bloomberg News, Chris Petersen of Boise State just inked a $2 million per year contract with Boise State to continue coaching their football team. No one had ever heard of Boise State as a football powerhouse five years ago and now they have been invited into the Big East. Why is he my hero? Because… Continue Reading
What, Are You Nuts or Something?Posted in Personal Injury
As featured on California Lawyer, January 2011 edition, former athletes are starting to seek workers' comp as a result of brain injuries or trauma. The lead plaintiff featured in the article is Fred McNeill of my alma mater, UCLA. McNeill was a great collegian, makes a great appearance and is in that sense the perfect… Continue Reading
Congress and the NFLPosted in Sports Business and the Law
As detailed by Chad Pergram in his FoxNews.com article dated March 4, 2011, Debate on Spending: "The Conversation Will Continue," there are ongoing talks in Congress re budget cuts, but nobody is talking. The Speaker deferred to the Vice President and Mr. Biden was (gasp) noticeably mum and brief. Ditto the NFL, which has a… Continue Reading
There Is Always Roller DerbyPosted in Sports Business and the Law
With both football and basketball negotiating over new contracts, the rule of reason should apply. There is simply too much money but each side is waiting for the other to blink. I have had negotiations like that and the best remedy is to agree to a news blackout, work with a mediator each side respects… Continue Reading
It's Just a GamePosted in Personal Injury
As detailed in the Wichita Eagle at Kansas.com, Boise State's kicker, who missed three game winning field goals, has been getting death threats (as well as some support) in the blogosphere. I went undergraduate and then to law school with a football player who created a situation that arguably allowed USC to go to the… Continue Reading
Today in Sports (and U.S.) HistoryPosted in Sports History
Here it is, NOVEMBER 22ND, 2010. To those of us of a certain age, we will always remember this date as the day President Kennedy died. A good friend, now a prof at UCLA, was at that time a student at the University of Nebraska, soon to be on his way to Harvard Grad School.… Continue Reading
Pat Haden: Sports Lawyer and Athletic DirectorPosted in Education
On July 21, 2010, USC announced appointment of former professional quarterback Pat Haden as their new athletic director. Hayden is a lawyer by profession, having gone to Loyola Law, my alma mater. My favorite story involves a friend (not a sports fan) meeting Haden on a line (before there was online) to buy books. Hayden, who… Continue Reading
NFL Players Feel Left Out of Deals with TV NetworksPosted in Sports Business and the Law
In "NFLPA Files Complaint Against NFL Over Television Deals", SI.com deals with the issue of the NFL players vs owners in the event of a lockout or strike. Seems the owners have more protection than the players and players are crying foul. A longtime agreement requires the owners to try to maximize revenue to the… Continue Reading


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The FastFloor two-component polyaspartic coating system provides style and protection to industrial and residential floors. The decorative, yet durable, floor covering is ideal for garages, airplane hangars, and high-traffic entryways. The product cures quickly and is often suitable for light foot traffic in a few hours. Rhino Linings Corp. 800-422-2603. www.rhinolinings.com
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Probation, prison, youth offending and third sector rehabilitation recruitment
Our client is seeking a Contract Performance Manager to lead and improve the performance and delivery of services of a group of Delivery Organisations within the Criminal Justice arena, on a part time, permanent contract. You will be required to travel across the geographical area and to contribute to the total performance of the region. For more information, please click here.
Our account manager ensured she familiarised herself with our organisation in order to be able to supply us with the most suitable temporary staff. She was able to do this with good humour and professionalism and we were always impressed with her ability to match appropriate people to our specification."
Major Probation Trust


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Naruko in sailor uniform by mattwilson83Watch
©2012-2016 mattwilson83
Just a random drawing i did.
Just wondering, why does everyone refer to Naruto's female persona as "Naruko"? I don't think she actually has a name in the anime/manga, does she?
Wow nice
Nice picture. Good work.
I love it!
hey naruko you are look good to today lol
You'd think naruto would have thought to fuck himself like that by now
are you going to bring that thought up in NHC?
are you going to bring that thought up in NHC?
Oh Yes... So. Much. Yes.
As a man once said. "There will be beer and hot women dressed sailor uniforms." Well I don't see any beer, but since I don't drink I don't care.
"Don't I look so cute, little bro? ^w^"
Probably joking around with Hinata.
verry verry cute now where is teacher hinata to "help" her with her schooling
the smile is infectious, even if it is a random drawing~~ looks cute
I wonder if hinata will wear a navy uniform
Yeah. She would strut it off, I'm thinking.


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Flat sourdough loaves
Here is a problem I can't figure out - can anyone help? I've made two attempts at making the Danish Sourdough Rye from the book Bread Alone. In short, it uses a rye starter, but white flour for the main dough. The book cautions that the dough will be sticky but warns against adding too much flour during kneading.
My results taste great - very earthy and tangy, with a bubbly and irregular crumb. The problem is that the dough has so little body that I can't get it to form a loaf properly. I've tried both a boule and torpedo shape, and each time the loaf just oozes flat during proofing. In the oven, I get great spring as I've got terra cotta tiles to bake on, but the spring goes only horizontilally - I can't get the loaves to spring upwards. The resulting loaves are then either disks or flatt paddle-shaped things.
Any thoughts? Could my dough be still too wet? Maybe I'm not kneading enough? The only organic flour I can get in large quanities here is all-purpose. Might it not have enough gluten?


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Some gave all, including Arizona Cardinal Pat Tillman
Memorial Day. For a lot of Americans, it marks the unofficial beginning of summer. For many others, it is a time to remember those we have lost. I remember going out to the cemetery and spending time at the grave site of my grandfather who was a World War II veteran. For the Arizona Cardinals, it is another moment to sit back and to remember Pat Tillman. Pat Tillman was a local boy...
Arizona Cardinals week in review
This week we took a look at a couple of the Cardinals draftees trying to make the team. We got an inside look at what goes into producing a football. And we had a view of a couple of veterans who are trying to make the Cardinals 2016 roster. Cardinals Rookie Spotlight: Marqui Christian: The Arizona Cardinals selected safety Marqui Christian from Midwestern State University. Midwestern...
Cardinals get some help for D. J. Humphries
D. J. Humphries looks to be the starting right tackle for the Arizona Cardinal when the season starts. Humphries knows that he has a lot of growing up to do this year. The Cardinals have enlisted the help of veteran right guard Evan Mathis, who they signed in the offseason, to help Humphries along. Humphries was the Cardinals first round draft pick in the 2015 NFL Draft. He was the...
Arizona Cardinals want Tom Brady to play Week 1
As of right now New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady would not be playing for the team in its Week 1 outing against the Arizona Cardinals. The future Hall of Fame signal caller is in the midst of appealing the four-game suspension the NFL levied against him for his alleged role in the Deflategate scandal that rocked the football world back in January of 2015. Should his latest...
Via Sportsnaut
5 days ago | Discuss
Cardinals' Larry Fitzgerald not thinking beyond this season
TEMPE, Ariz. (AP) Larry Fitzgerald has been an Arizona Cardinal all 12 of his NFL seasons, breaking every franchise receiving record along the way. Now, he enters the final year of a two-year, $22 million contract, and he said Tuesday that he doesn't even think about whether he will play football beyond this season, with the Cardinals or anyone else. ''We're just in OTAs right...
Via Associated Press
6 days ago | Discuss
Will the Arizona Cardinals' Pay Tyrann Mathieu as a Top Defender?
Arizona Cardinals' Tyrann Mathieu has has been named an All-Pro twice and a Pro Bowler once in three seasons in the NFL. Along with these accolades, Mathieu has suffered a torn ACL and LCL as a rookie in 2013, a fractured thumb in 2014 and a torn ACL in 2015. Mathieu has a difficult negation with the Cardinals as his tremendous production on the field is coupled with his lengthy...
Via The Sports Journal
6 days ago | Discuss
Tyrann Mathieu won't play unless 100-percent healthy
Arizona Cardinals safety Tyrann Mathieu is looking to get back on the field with his team after suffering a season-ending knee injury late in the 2015 season. He is pretty confident that he will be ready to go this year, but he wants to be absolutely sure he is ready to play. Mathieu was attending a fundraiser for coach Bruce Arians' foundation on Sunday when he spoke to The Arizona...
Via Campus Sports Net
7 days ago | Discuss
Why the Arizona Cardinals will improve on last season
The Arizona Cardinals learned a tough but valuable lesson last season: don't trust the regular season hype. Their impressive 13-3 record, which was a franchise best, would ultimately be capped off with disappointment in the NFC Championship. Since then Arizona has become one of the most improved teams entering the new season. Several moves have been made to the roster, although...
Via isportsweb.com
10 days ago | Discuss
Carson Palmer 'addicted' to idea of reaching Super Bowl
The last time Carson Palmer took the field, he threw four interceptions and turned the ball over a ridiculous six times in the Arizona Cardinals' blowout loss to the Carolina Panthers in the NFC Championship game. In the months since that horrendous performance, Arizona has done everything in its power to help Palmer overcome the bitter end to that season. The team upgraded its...
Via Sportsnaut
12 days ago | Discuss
Palmer shrugs off 'big game' failure, expects big season
TEMPE, Ariz. (AP) Carson Palmer had probably the finest season of his 13 years as an NFL quarterback. But he and the rest of the Arizona Cardinals must deal with the ugly way it ended in a blowout loss to Carolina in the NFC championship game. Palmer knows he will carry the `can he win the big game' question with him until he gets a chance to redeem himself. And the Cardinals opened...
Via Associated Press
13 days ago | Discuss
Report: Tyrann Mathieu to be NFL's highest-paid safety
The Arizona Cardinals and safety Tyrann Mathieu are reportedly "deep in negotiations" to make him the highest-paid safety in the NFL, per NFL Network's Ian Rapoport. An ACL hasn't changed the plans: #AZCardinals are deep in negotiations for an extension for Tyrann Mathieu, soon to be highest paid safety — Ian Rapoport (@RapSheet) May 16, 2016 Rapoport added this, speaking...
Via Sportsnaut
14 days ago | Discuss
Fitzgerald graduates college, fulfills promise to mother
Though Mother's Day was one week ago, this is a touching story from Larry Fitzgerald, who fulfilled a promise he made to his mother Carol before she died of breast cancer in 2003: to graduate from college. "I'm glad I can finally shake the 15-year college student stigma," Fitzgerald joked to ESPN. Fitz left the University of Pittsburgh after his sophomore season to pursue...
Via The Comeback
15 days ago | Discuss
Arizona Cardinals: Three takeaways from the offseason
The master plan for the Arizona Cardinals is finally coming to full view this offseason, and behind it all lies one person. For the last three years, general manager Steve Keim has made several risky moves that will typically put a GM on the hot seat. To his credit those risks have paid off. Two were All-Pro last season, Tyrann Mathieu and Carson Palmer, while Arizona became a playoff...
Via isportsweb.com
20 days ago | Discuss
Robert Nkemdiche Told To Stop 'Killing People' In Arizona Cardinals' Rookie Mini-Camp
Darron Lee isn't the only rookie defensive player who went a little too hard in his first day of mini-camp. The former Ohio State linebacker, who tackled a teammate during a New York Jets' non-contact drill, has company in former Ole Miss defensive lineman/current Arizona Cardinal Robert Nkemdiche. Arizona head coach Bruce Arians reportedly had to tell Nkemdiche to stop "killing�...
Via College Spun
23 days ago | Discuss
Jake Coker signs UDFA contract with Cardinals
Of the 15 quarterbacks taken in the 2016 NFL Draft last weekend, former Alabama quarterback Jake Coker was not one of them. It looks like he has gotten his shot by signing with the Arizona Cardinals. He is looking to have his shot in the NFL after signing as an undrafted free agent and he is excited to play under a veteran like Carson Palmer. He seemed to enjoy his first day as a...
Via Campus Sports Net
23 days ago | Discuss
Cardinals sign first-, fifth-round picks
TEMPE, Ariz. -- The Arizona Cardinals have signed first-round draft pick Robert Nkemdiche to a four-year contract with a fifth-year team option.The $8.6 million contract includes a $4.4 million signing bonus.Nkemdiche, a defensive tackle from Mississippi, was considered one of the top talents in the draft but slid to the Cardinals largely because of character concerns.The Cardinals...
Via Associated Press
24 days ago | Discuss
Bruce Arians: Coaching Cardinals 'will be my last job'
Bruce Arians has been coaching in the NFL for so long that it seems hard to believe that he has only been a head coach for three years. The Cardinals were the first team to give Arians a head coaching job (aside from an interim stint with the Colts), and the 63-year-old says his first will be his last. Following a 13-3 season and a trip to the NFC Championship, Arians knows expectations...
Via Larry Brown Sports
26 days ago | Discuss
Cardinals may ask Robert Nkemdiche to distance himself from his brother
The Arizona Cardinals made an investment in Robert Nkemdiche on Thursday night, and they may ask him to make some uncomfortable changes in order to get the most out of their investment. That could include asking Nkemdiche to distance himself from his troubled brother, Denzel. Robert Nkemdiche arrived at Ole Miss in 2013 as the No. 1 player nationally in his recruiting class. He...
Via Larry Brown Sports
April 29, 2016 | Discuss
Robert Nkemdiche falls to Arizona, picked No. 29 in 1st round
While Robert Nkemdiche watched his teammate go thirteenth overall despite his personal life going up in flames on social media…..Nkemdiche waited to be picked. Nkemdich, like Tunsil, had concerns which caused his stock to drop way below his skill level. The Arizona Cardinals finally took a chance on Nkemdiche at No. 29 of the first round. If Nkemdiche keeps on the straight and...
Via This Given Sunday
April 28, 2016 | Discuss
Arizona Cardinals Select Ole Miss DL Robert Nkemdiche No. 29 Overall
The Arizona Cardinals took Ole Miss DL Robert Nkemdiche, a highly-talented player who slipped due to off-field issues with the 29th-overall pick. Round: 1 Pick: 29 With the #29 pick in the 2016 #NFLDraft, the @AZCardinals select DT Robert Nkemdiche! pic.twitter.com/MqDqr7Q5Di — NFL (@NFL) April 29, 2016 Selection: Arizona Cardinals select Ole Miss DL Robert Nkemdiche Analysis...
Via College Spun
April 28, 2016 | Discuss
Beanie Wells victim of attempted extortion from drug deal gone wrong
Former Arizona Cardinals running back Beanie Wells has been named as the victim in an extortion case, according to a report. Two men are accused in a federal case of attempting to extort Wells in an attempt to recoup money from a drug deal gone wrong. The men were allegedly put into touch with a Mexican drug dealer through Wells' brother. The men, Franklin Conley and Patrick...
Via Larry Brown Sports
April 16, 2016 | Discuss
Arizona Cardinals: Tyrann Mathieu has something to prove
Tyrann Mathieu is out to show his worth to the Arizona Cardinals entering the new season. The All-Pro safety is coming off his best year, conveniently right before his rookie contract expires, but he has yet to play a full season. There's some speculation as to why Arizona hasn't inked Mathieu long term, but after taking a look at his entire career don't second guess the hesitation...
Via isportsweb.com
April 16, 2016 | Discuss
Bruce Arians: Moms are afraid of football
It has been well documented that Arizona Cardinals head coach Bruce Arians, who has been around football for going on four decades, is a staunch defender of the game. When you strike the integrity of football, Arians strikes back. And that's just what he did on Friday at the Cardinals' training facility while delivering a keynote speech to over 130 high school football coaches...
Via The Comeback
April 10, 2016 | Discuss
Tyrann Mathieu says he knows alleged murderer of Will Smith
Former LSU star Tyrann Mathieu says he's familiar with the man who allegedly murdered former Ohio State defensive end Will Smith in New Orleans Saturday night. Cardell Hayes, a 28-year-old former prep star in Louisiana, was arrested and charged Sunday with the killing of Smith. Hayes was booked with a second-degree murder charge. He allegedly shot Smith and his wife, Raquel (who...
Via College Spun
April 10, 2016 | Discuss
Cardinals confident in re-signing Chandler Jones
The Arizona Cardinals aren't worried about newly acquired pass-rusher Chandler Jones—who was dealt to Arizona from New England during the second week of free agency—becoming a one-year rental. "When he hits free agency, we'll have the dollars to make sure he stays," head coach Bruce Arians said, via the team's official site. Jones, 26, is entering the final year of...
Via The Sports Daily
March 24, 2016 | Discuss
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Two Greenwood City Council members think a plan for the future use of land around a new Interstate 65 interchange is too vague to ensure the city gets the high-end development officials want to define the area.
The city council is considering adding the plan, which outlines where the city would like to see offices, stores, homes and a recreational lake built, to Greenwood's overall development plan. But council members Brent Corey and David Hopper said they are concerned with a lack of details.
The plan calls for high-end condominiums and apartments, single-family homes, offices and some commercial and industrial buildings to be built on about 1,850 acres the city is annexing near the planned interchange.
Much of the land is agricultural, and the city wants to attract high-end development and prevent truck stops and fast-food restaurants from building in the area, if possible.
The land-use plan never defines high-end development and doesn't explain the architectural standards for businesses and homes, Corey said.
That means the building standards could be open to interpretation, and inconsistent definitions of what constitutes high-end could be used as the land is developed, he said.
Not many cities have the chance to plan how to use so much land at a new interstate exit, he said.
"I think we have a clean slate here, and I think it could be very special to the city," Corey said. "We could mess up planning-wise."
Another problem the two have with the plan is that it doesn't follow all existing city rules for residential building.
For example, some of the single-family homes in the plan would have zero-lot lines, which are against city rules, Corey said.
Zero-lot line properties are homes built on or near a lot line, which often are close together and sometimes so close that residents can't build a fence or storage building, Greenwood director of community development services Mark Richards said.
The document should include an action plan for establishing the kind of development the city wants happen. The plan should specifically describe the square footage and brick styles allowed for houses and the number of stories permitted for office buildings, he said. For homes, agricultural landscaping, such as white ranch fences, could be required for property lines, he said.
Greenwood's zoning rules could be modified to require certain standards for landscaping and masonry for commercial and industrial properties. But the plan doesn't include any recommended zoning restrictions, so no rules exist to ensure building in that area is actually high-end, he said.
Housing is a big concern for both Corey and Hopper in the city's updated plan.
The plan includes too many homes and not enough of the office space that will earn the city more in property taxes, Hopper said. Property taxes on homes are capped at 1 percent of the property's value, but taxes for businesses are capped at 3 percent of the total value, meaning they pay more in property taxes. The plan allots nearly 1,300 acres to housing, 60 acres for shops, 160 acres for offices and 210 acres for industrial development.
The residential land includes 440 acres for apartments, condominiums and townhouses, which they say is also a concern.
"I'm worried about the high density. I think that area should be special and unique, and I think Greenwood has enough high-density housing," Corey said.
Instead of allowing apartments and condominiums, the city could specify larger lots for single-family homes and describe what the area should look like, he said. He added he would prefer to see single-family homes built instead of apartments.
The plan is a document the city can change over time, but if details are left too much to interpretation, then new subdivisions that aren't what the city wanted could be built under future city leaders, he said.
"I don't want to have any regrets out there," he said. "We've got one shot at doing this right. I think everyone feels that way."


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secondary containment Companies in Marshall Islands
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Location: Marshall Islands ×
Containment & Filtration Solutions
based in Flower Mound, TEXAS (USA)
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Simflex Containment, LLC
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Simflex Containment is a leading manufacturer and supplier of portable, lightweight, extremely durable Primary & Secondary Containment solutions.Simflex adopts a collaborative, symbiotic approach to our business; relying on the strength of our cross-functional teams and shared values to fabricate the finest manufactured goods and custom solutions. Our goal is continuous ...
Durastar Industrial Containers Limited
based in Calgary, ALBERTA (CANADA)
Durastar offer liquid management solutions for transportation, storage and production situations which require Intermediate Bulk Containers/Totes or larger Industrial Tanks. Accessories include tote transfer pumps, heating blankets, and agitators.
DLM Plastics
based in Findlay, OHIO (USA)
We are flexible plastic fabricators applying both technology and experience to produce liners for ponds,hot tubs and spas, cisterns, secondary containment and baptismal fonts.We also manufacture clean rooms, medical isolators, water treatment baffle curtains, aviation and industrial curtains, awnings, tarps, floating oil boom, and various other custom-made products ...
Industrial & Environmental Concepts, Inc. (IEC)
based in Lakeville, MINNESOTA (USA)
Industrial & Environmental Concepts, Inc., (IEC), is widely recognized as the worldwide leader in the design, fabrication, and installation of industrial cover and liner systems. Incorporated in 1993, IEC has established itself as the industry leader in the modular and insulated cover market. Examples include pond covers, tank covers, lagoon covers and floating covers.
Tanknology Inc.
based in Austin, TEXAS (USA)
Tanknology is the world`s largest provider of tank testing and environmental compliance services for petroleum systems. We have tested more than a million tanks and provide associated compliance services at more than 50,000 sites each year. Our success is the result of our unwavering mission: To be an affordable and accountable compliance partner for our clients.
Flexi-Liner Corporation
based in Pomona, CALIFORNIA (USA)
Flexi-Liner is a leading provider of tank liners and customized containment and corrosion control products. Since 1953, Flexi-Liner tank liners have been installed at customers in all 50 U.S. states and more than 25 countries throughout the world. Our extensive experience in addressing a broad range of customer needs gives you the confidence that we have `been there` and ...
Husky Portable Containment
based in Bartlesville, OKLAHOMA (USA)
Husky Portable Containment was founded in Dec. 2004 and started selling our first products in Feb. 2005. We have two divisions, Firefighting and Environmental Containment. Our experience in both industries goes way beyond 2005 with more than 20 years of actual product design experience and countless years of manufacturing experience. Manufacturer of Firefighting & ...
Fast Engineering, Ltd.
based in Antrim, NORTHERN IRELAND
Fast Engineering Ltd was established in 1981 by its Managing Director, Seamus Connolly MBE to manufacture FASTANK. FASTANK is a patented liquid storage container for use in a number of sectors including oil and chemical spill clean up, Aid Agency, fire fighting, military, fish-farming, and animal rescue. Today the FASTANK range of tanks and bunds are exported to over 80 ...
EnviroGuard Ltd.
based in Calgary, ALBERTA (CANADA)
Guided by the integrity and commitment that cultivates customer loyalty, EnviroGuard offers over 20 years of experience in designing and delivering complete spill response solutions. We service the Canadian, U.S. and global markets with a comprehensive product range, customizable to meet specific customer requirements. In conjunction with our distributor network and with ...


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Protecting Your Driving Privileges after a DUI in Tazewell
Payment Plans are Available for DUI Defense in Tazewell County
Call (877) 520-5755
DUI in Tazewell? Michael Tillotson is a Virginia DUI lawyer who handles DUI's in Tazewell County. If you have been arrested for DUI in Tazewell, get immediate help today with your DUI from a qualified DUI lawyer in Virginia whose practice concentrates on DUI defense.
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- Life Member of the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers
- Nationally recognized by the National College for DUI Defense as a Criminal Defense Lawyer dedicated to defending citizens accused of DUI
- Long-term experience with every kind of DUI case under the law in Virginia
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- Read what actual former DUI clients say about Michael Tillotson
Meet Tazewell DUI Lawyer Michael Tillotson
Tazewell DUI lawyer Michael Tillotson is one of the best DUI defense attorneys in Virginia. He is the author of Virginia DUI Law: Understanding the Scientific, Medical, Technological, and Legal Aspects of a DUI Case as well as created an extensive DUI video library to help those accused of a Tazewell in Virginia. If you have been arrested for a DUI in Tazewell County please call (877) 520-5755 or complete the web form.
If you have been charged with a DUI in Tazewell it is important to realize that time is very critical. You could lose your Virginia Driver's License if you do not act immediately, so call (877) 520-5755 before time runs out.The Law Office of Michael Tillotson can help you get the legal representation you need to fight your Virginia DUI charge and possibly avoid court costs, fines, probation, penalties, jail time and a criminal record. Michael Tillotson's DUI practice has a proven track record in representing those accused of DUI in Virginia. Getting expert legal help with your DUI in Tazewell County can be easy. Just contact Virginia DUI lawyer Michael Tillotson for a free initial case evaluation about your DUI in Tazewell.
For further information regarding a DUI in Tazewell or a DUI in Virginia, please call (877) 520-5755 or complete the web form. You will find the Law Office of Michael Tillotson to be extremely helpful. Read what Michael Tillotson's former DUI clients have written about his legal work.
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WHEN men meet fair-haired women they really do have a blonde moment. Scientists have found that their mental performance drops, apparently because they believe they are dealing with someone less intelligent.
Researchers discovered what might be called the bimbo delusion by studying mens ability to complete general knowledge tests after exposure to different women. The academics found that mens scores fell after they were shown pictures of blondes.
You silly boys: blondes make men act dumb - Times Online
The scientific explanation for that is that blood leaves our brains and travels elsewhere.
I've actually never been a tremendous fan of blondes . . .
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Select Local Merchants
Soleil Tanning SalonsRead MoreFor nearly 20 years, the tan technicians at Soleil Tanning Salons have transformed pasty soul sacks into bronze living statues using UV and UV-free tanning techniques. Before tan sessions, friendly staffers educate patrons on how to get the most out of tans by using tanning lotions designed to stimulate melanin and extend the life of darker dermises. Soleil Tanning Salons are equipped with standing and horizontal tanning beds as well as UV-free booths. The automated process typically takes 60 seconds and gives skin a golden glow thanks to micromists of custom tanner. No matter what bronzing method is chosen, tanners can rest easy knowing they will avoid burns associated with sunbathing atop radioactive beach towels.600 San Pablo AveAlbany, CA US
Spray Tan CaliforniaRead MoreA tan can accomplish a lot for the skin: it can add a golden luster, highlight muscle tone, and even hide imperfections. The one thing it shouldn't do, however, is damage skin. Experts such as Kim at Spray Tan California assist clients in protecting their skin and making it look the way they want it to look. Kim is an expert in sunless sprays, so she can custom apply two layers of safe, hypoallergenic, oil-free DHA sprays to skin to bring out a glowing color that stays for up to seven days. She can apply the color in just 15 minutes at her studio or remotely at a place of her client's choosing—just not at the National Archives in front of the perfectly tan Declaration of Independence. With this process, she ensures that tan lines disappear in time for special occasions.35 Gravatt DriveBerkeley, CA US
Glow Get 'em!Read MoreWhat services does your business offer and what makes your business stand out from the competition? Our specialty tanning solution is all natural, contains no preservatives, alcohol free, paraben free, and Vegan. We're also certified & trained Spray Tanning Technicians by the NSPTA. You will give you the most natural and safe sunkissed glow. What was the inspiration to start or run this business? To encourage tanning alternatives that are safe and harmless. What do you love most about your job? That we help people feel great about themselves. Who wouldn't want a beautiful tan in the Bay Area? What is the best reaction you've ever gotten from a customer? That we helped to make the experience comfortable and that the tan was very natural.3996 San Pablo AvenueEmeryville, CA US
Ooh La Lah Beauty LoungeRead MoreWhat services does your business offer and what makes your business stand out from the competition? This merchant offers convenient extended hours for their guests who have both early morning and late evening needs! Merchant is motivated in providing excellent customer service , quality affordable services and a good laugh to each and everyone of her guests!♡ What was the inspiration to start or run this business? Absolutely loving the skin care business, top to bottom! Genuinely loving to nurture/support people being/creating their best selves. There are so many services you can take interest and specialize in.I love that new things in Skin Care are always happening! What do you love most about your job? If anyone knows me ,they know I'm a chatty cathy!lol I really love sharing and chatting it up with my guests♡ What is the best reaction you've ever gotten from a customer? Hard working,knowledgeable local business gem!2811 Adeline StOakland, CA US
Cocoon BareRead MoreCocoon Bare's team of spa technicians understands that a good waxing treatment has two things going for it: precision and speed. That's why their Brazilian waxes typically take only 20 minutes and leave behind a wide variety of custom shapes and designs. Their threading services offer an even more precise means of shaping eyebrows and removing hair from sensitive complexions. When they aren't sculpting bushy areas into triangles or iconic skylines, they airbrush skin with natural tanning solutions that result in an even glow.5326 College Ave.Oakland, CA US
Shades Of SummerRead MoreOakland's Shades Of Summer offers a wide variety of tanning services that are sure to last. This salon is happy to save you from any store-bought tans. With trained professionals offering services including tanning beds, spray tan, and airbrush tan, you won't need to be orange ever again. An alternative remedy from this salon can help you reduce stress and better your overall health. Shades Of Summer is ready to assist you with all of your tanning needs for your upcoming vacation or event.5050 Woodminster LaneOakland, CA US


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May 30, 2016
The men and women of law enforcement put their lives on the line every day to ensure the safety of the general public.
Sgt. Brian Kelly of the Newton Police Department says that, even in a small town like Newton, there's a certain amount of risk that goes along with being a police officer.
"You never know what you'll encounter when you go on a call or who you might stop. You may make just a simple traffic stop on someone. They think that they may be going to jail and they think that their only way out is to shoot the officer to try to get away," said Kelly.
Thanks to the Bureau of Justice Assistance, grant funds have been allocated to 24 law enforcement agencies for the purchase of bulletproof vests. The grant means each of Newton's thirteen officers will have a vest of his own.
"Every officer's worst fear is not be able to return home to their family at the end of their shift," Kelly said.
Kelly adds that having a vest boosts an officer's confidence while on duty.
But the vests may be just as important to each of the communities as to the officers themselves, serving as protection to those who serve and protect.
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These are stunning sheer stretch stockings with backseams. They are made in the USA of Nylon. For a special night out, or a romantic evening at home these are guaranteed to insure a memorable evening. They make an excelent gift whether giving them to her, for a special occasion, or wearing them for a romantic encounter. Made in USA
Sizes: Regular One Size (5' - 5'5", 100 - 160 lbs) Queensize (5'4" - 59"', 150 - 200 lbs)


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2013 Housing Conference - OCD/OCCD
Wednesday, November 20, 2013 9:00am-
Friday, November 22, 2013 12:00pm
Sawmill Creek Resort and Conference Center, Huron
2013 Housing Conference Sessions
(Sessions and topics may be subject to change)
Wednesday, November 20, 2013
Morning Sessions
Plenary Session – Welcome and Ohio Development Services Agency Updates
9:00 – 10:00 a.m.
Officials from Erie County will formally welcome conference attendees to the city of Huron and the Lake Erie region. Representatives from the Ohio Development Services Agency will provide an overview of the Agency's direction and focus as well as an update about the website. In addition, an update on Office of Community Development housing programs will be presented.
Target Audience: Conference Attendees
Determining Income Allowances
10:15 a.m. – 4:30 p.m.
A fundamental component of using HOME funds effectively is ensuring they are targeted to households that are eligible for assistance. HOME Program rules require that program administrators use one of the definitions for annual income to determine the eligibility of applicants to their programs. This session will be targeted toward novice administrators or experienced administrators in need of a refresher course. The trainer will review the definitions of income used in the HOME Program and provide guidance on how program administrators can ensure they are targeting eligible households.
Target Audience: Grant Administrators
Program Income
10:15 – 11:45 a.m.
This session will cover the basics of a community's Housing Program Income. The primary topics discussed will be how program income is acquired, the requirements for maintaining and reporting program income and the eligible uses of program income, which includes an explanation of the Housing Revolving Loan Fund waiver process. This session will also describe the process to obtain a waiver when using revolving loan funds on housing projects.
Target Audience: Grant Administrators and Fiscal Staff
The Importance of Fair Housing in Planning Strategies
10:15 – 11:45 a.m.
Updates will be provided regarding emerging Fair Housing issues and program regulations in Ohio. In addition, a researcher from the Kirwan Institute at The Ohio State University will discuss the importance of administering Fair Housing regulations in planning strategies as it relates to the changing demographics and populations in Ohio. Universal design techniques will also be discussed.
Target Audience: Grant Administrators and Rehabilitation Specialists
Corporation for Ohio Appalachian Development Training – Role of the Rehabilitation Specialists Dealing with Lead
10:15 – 11:45 a.m.
This session will provide an overview of the responsibilities of the rehabilitation specialist regarding lead-based paint as specified in Chapter 7 of the Residential Rehabilitation Standards and the Ohio Department of Health Lead Poisoning Prevention rule OAC 3701-32. Examples of all required documentation to be maintained will be reviewed including job site inspections and contractor documentation.
Target Audience: Rehabilitation Specialists
Awards Luncheon
Wednesday, November 20, 2013
Afternoon Sessions
Operation Street Smart – Adult Drug Education
1:30 – 4:30 p.m.
The Franklin County Sheriff's Office, through the Operation Street Smart program, will educate rehabilitation specialists and grant administrators about current drug trends, terminology and paraphernalia. In addition, the session will provide attendees with the information necessary to recognize and take appropriate action to the physical signs of possible drug culture in a home as well as signs of drug use by potential clients.
Target Audience: Grant Administrators and Rehabilitation Specialists
State Resources for Housing Professionals
1:30 – 4:30 p.m.
Representatives from the Ohio Development Services Agency's Office of Community Assistance, Office of Energy, Office of Redevelopment, as well as the Office of Community Development, will be on-hand to present program resources available to communities for housing-related and development projects.
Target audience: Conference Attendees
Corporation for Ohio Appalachian Development Training – Inspection Procedures for Attic Venting
1:30 – 4:30 p.m.
This session will describe the attic inspection process and what is required in a comprehensive work order. Participants will be provided with examples of proper specification writing for various attic scenarios, and will complete a group specification writing exercise. Topics to be covered include:
• Documentation of bypasses and directions and materials for proper sealing
• Recognition of electrical issues, such as knob and tube wiring, junction box issues, unsafe wiring or improper fusing, and directions for proper treatment of these issues
• How to calculate effective existing insulation levels
• Recessed lights, bathroom fans and how to address them
• Proper treatment of heat-producing devices
• What constitutes a properly insulated and sealed attic hatch
• How to determine if adequate attic venting is present and how to calculate additional ventilation needs
Target Audience: Rehabilitation Specialists
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Morning Sessions
HOME Basics Training
9:00 a.m. – 4:30 p.m.
This session will provide grant administration staff that are reasonably new to the Community Housing Improvement Program, or have a limited knowledge of HOME fund use, with a basic overview of HOME regulations and requirements as they relate to Community Housing Improvement Program activities, which will include recent changes to the regulations. This session also serves as a great refresher course for experienced administrators.
Target Audience: Grant Administrators
Conflict of Interest and Ethics Considerations in State and Federal Laws
9:00 – 11:45 a.m.
The Office of Community Development has been experiencing an increase in requests for legal determinations regarding conflicts of interest and ethics considerations. To better explain these matters, an official from the Ohio Ethics Commission will discuss conflict of interest and ethics considerations in state law. Topics will include how to identify a conflict of interest, steps to address the conflict of interest and available resources.
Target Audience: Grant Administrators
Environmental Review
9:00 – 11:45 a.m.
This session will provide grant administrators with an understanding of the environmental review requirements associated with eligible Community Housing Improvement Program activities. Topics will include environmental compliance areas, levels of review and the tiered environmental review process. Participants will also learn how to use the Office of Community Development's new, completely redesigned environmental review forms. The new forms provide the framework for environmental review compliance, and are the required format for all Office of Community Development programs.
Target Audience: Grant Administrators
Corporation for Ohio Appalachian Development Training – Proper Venting of Combustion Appliances
9:00 a.m. – 4:30 p.m.
This session will cover venting strategies for various types of combustion appliances. Participants will be introduced to National Fire Protection Association 54 venting tables. Each participant will be provided with how-to examples, as well as the demonstration of proper calculations. Topics covered include:
• Single versus double wall pipe
• Common vented furnaces and water heaters
• Requirements for standard efficiency, mid-efficiency, high efficiency furnaces, as well as direct vent appliances
• How to deal with less common heating sources such as wall furnaces and solid fuel burning equipment
• "Orphaned" hot water tanks
• Proper use and installation of chimney liners
Target Audience: Rehabilitation Specialists
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Afternoon Sessions
Housing Strategy Workshop
1:30 – 4:30 p.m.
The workshop will address comprehensive housing strategy development, market preparation, demographic analysis, unit rehabilitation versus new construction, leveraging resources, and rural community and small city challenges. This session will assist grantees in making decisions during their planning process.
Target Audience: Grant Administrators and Rehabilitation Specialists
Fiscal Management, Reporting and Auditing Requirements
1:30 – 4:30 p.m.
This session is designed to help grant administrators understand the Office of Community Development's financial and outcome data reporting requirements. During the session, presenters will explain how communities access grant funds once the grant agreement has been executed. The session will also include a discussion of reporting requirements, including the Request for Payment and Status of Funds form (DS5), the Housing Activity and Beneficiary form, the Six-Month Status Report, the Final Performance Report, the Certificate of Completion form and the Notice of Contract Award Reporting form. A representative from the Ohio Development Services Agency's Audit Office will also review key financial management areas related to federal and state grant programs.
Target Audience: Fiscal and Grant Administrators and Project Management Staff
Friday, November 22, 2013
Community Housing Improvement Program Implementation
9:00 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.
This session will provide grant administrators with the procedures for implementing an effective housing program, such as managing staff, as well as maintaining records and client files. Examples will be given of best practices and models for success. A chronological course of action for operating rehabilitation activities such as application intake, pre-bid procedures, bid package documents, bid opening procedures, pre-construction conferences, payment methods and final inspections.
Target Audience: Grant Administrators
Participants are encouraged to submit questions for the roundtable facilitators beforehand (see "2013 Housing Conference Registration Form" on last page of the brochure).
Topics must be submitted to the Office of Community Development by October 15, 2013 through the Ohio Development Services Agency Housing Conference web page or the Ohio Conference on Community Development Conference Registration web page.
Administrators' Roundtable
9:00 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.
The Administrators' Roundtable is designed as a networking session for Community Housing Improvement Program administrators and program managers to ask questions and discuss best practices. Discussion will be the results from the Office of Community Development's request for topics.
Target Audience: Community Housing Improvement Program Administrators/Program Managers
Rehabilitation Specialists' Roundtable
9:00 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.
The Rehabilitation Specialists' Roundtable session is designed as a networking session for Community Housing Improvement Program rehabilitation specialists to share field experiences. Discussion will be the results from the Office of Community Development's request for topics.
Target Audience: Rehabilitation Specialists
Hotel Accommodations
Presented By: Ohio Development Services Agency - Office of Community Development
Click Here For Directions
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Ohio Conference of Community Development Public Service Scholarship
The scholarship program was established by OCCD to honor two men who dedicated their careers to Public Service.
Like to make a donation?
Click Here
Upcoming Events
OCCD 2016 Summer Annual - Toledo, OhioJul 27, 2016
OCCD 2016 Fall QuarterlyOct 26, 2016
Community Development ConferenceNov 16, 2016
OCCD 2017 Winter QuarterlyJan 25, 2017


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Nelson: 'Welcome to Moe's!': Restaurant offers fun, burritoes: Small business
Moe's Southwest Grill employee Rajiv Patel helps a customer. The restaurant offers a fun atmosphere and Southwestern food fare.
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