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Beyond Marxism and Monetarism
Wolin, Sheldon, The Nation
This is the third in a series of articles on -The revolution of 189, what it means, where it's heading, what is to be done.
Unlike the old regimes challenged by the revolutions of 1789 and 1848, the toppled totalitarian regimes of Central and Eastern Europe appear to have generated no strong loyalties, no counterrevolutionary movement among true believers, no plans for a government-in-exile, only apparatchiks scrambling for survival. They had little support because they weren't grounded in a genuine political culture. But if the political/cultural revolutionaries of 1989 make it necessary to rethink the nature of totalitarian systems, they have made it even more urgent to rethink the meaning of revolution. Revolutions are not only about change but about the power to define the direction of change. The understanding of revolutions concerns not only their fate but, as we shall see, ours as well. A true revolution, Marx argued in his younger days, was social rather than political. A political revolution was restricted to proclaiming the rights of abstract individuals while leaving economic relations unsocialized. Only a total or social revolution would enable human beings to reclaim and redirect the alienated socioeconomic powers that were rightfully theirs. What is most striking about the Central and Eastern European revolutionaries, particularly in Poland, Czechoslovakia and East Germany, is their invention of political life. With the exception of prewar Czechoslovakia, a common civic life was barely experienced by any of these societies. In the aftermath of World War II, they experienced, albeit as passive objects, Marx's total social revolution, largely imposed by force or the imminent threat of it. The experience of Communism has been, like most of fife under the prewar regimes, an experience of political deprivation in the extreme.
The explosion of political activity, which began with the rise of Solidarity in Poland, points up two profound weaknesses of classical Marxism: the failure to realize that talk about democracy without insuring access to political experience and encouraging what Solidarity called corrective "self-organization" is empty chatter; and the assumption that postrevolutionary economic problems would be technical in character, and hence the proper way of handling them was by administrative organs. The substitution of the party for free politics spelled ideological catechisms for the many and the politics of nomenklatura for the few. The result was less a system than a monstrosity in which public office became privatized and corrupt while what passed for politics was repression tempered with whimsy.
Accordingly, the political revolution initiated by Solidarity, the Civic Forum of Czechoslovakia, East German opposition groups and, more problematically, the National Salvation Front in Romania, involves a deeper conception of revolution than the political revolution Marx portrayed as simply the attainment of individual and political liberties, guarantees of private property, a representative parliament and the celebration of private life and its pleasures. The "velvet revolution" Vaclav Havel's phrase) has been liberal but it has also been importantly democratic. The 'revolution in quotation marks' (Havel again) has taken power into its several hands, chosen who would speak on its behalf, designated the main policies and leaders of the old regimes that would have to go and set conditions for the reconstitution of political legitimacy. The revolutionaries have appealed to traditions as old as nation. and religion and to innovations as recent as the cultural revolution of the 1960s. Their style has been spontaneous, participatory, prudent, egalitarian, patriotic and concerned with the common good rather than individual interests alone. As revolutionaries go, they have been (Romania aside) remarkably even-tempered and restrained.
Western democracies, led by the United States, are eager to write finis to the democratic moment of revolution and to have 'stable' systems installed, ones that can effectively "govern" and take hard choices. …


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We've already seen how Eurostile Bold Extended is spectacularly effective at setting your movie in the future. But what should you do if even Eurostile isn't cutting the mustard? Fear not, fellow futurist – there are still steps you can take when stronger stuff is needed to clarify your movie's timeframe. I'd like to introduce you to six easy rules that are pretty much guaranteed to position your text firmly in the FUTURE.
My third post about typography in sci-fi has been gestating for a while now. Indeed, it's been slowly taking shape – you might say it's been forming itself inside of me – for really quite some time. I'm delighted to say that it is now ready to burst forth from my allegorical chest, and to spatter allegorical typographic blood all over your allegorical faces. Welcome to Typeset In The Future: The Alien Edition.
Fontspots: Eurostile
In addition to the film-specific typographic deconstructions on this site, I'm keeping track of all the times I spot classic sci-fi fonts in movies. What better way to start than with perennial sci-fi favorite, Eurostile?
I'll tell you exactly where we are now. We are in the FUTURE; and we are on the MOON.
After studying 2001: A Space Odyssey in intimate detail, Duncan Jones's Moon was the logical choice for my second foray into sci-fi typography. As this opening shot illustrates, Moon is a bleak, lonely, and above all beautiful love-letter to classic sci-fi typography and design. It's also one of my favorite sci-fi films of all time.
2001: A Space Odyssey
2001: A Space Odyssey – Stanley Kubrick's 1968 sci-fi masterpiece – seems an appropriate place to start a blog about typography in sci-fi. Amongst other delights, it offers a zero-gravity toilet, emergency resuscitations, exploding bolts, and product placement aplenty. It's also the Ur Example of Eurostile Bold Extended's regular appearance in spacecraft user interfaces.

subset: commoncrawl


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September 21 saw the release of Colorado Bail Book: A Defense Attorney's Guide to Adult Pretrial Release. NACDL released the guide in partnership with the Office of the Colorado State Public Defender and the Colorado Criminal Defense Institute, and with grant support from the Bureau of Justice Assistance. Colorado defenders also had access to the report at their annual conference.
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Police: Dog appeared to have been strangledMay 02,2014Police: Dog
appeared strangled
HARTFORD Police are investigating the death of a dog found along the White River in the Vermont town of Hartford.
Hartford police said Wednesday that it appears that the Labrador retriever-pit bull mix was purposefully strangled. Authorities also say the dog had trauma to the back of its neck.
The neutered 2-year-old tan dog was found down an embankment off of Old River Road.
Anyone with information is asked to contact the Hartford Community Services Officer Brandon Dyke.MORE IN This Just InBENNINGTON For the first time, all the choral students of the Southwest Vermont Supervisory... Full StoryKILLINGTON A Rutland woman was injured Sunday after she crashed her car while trying to avoid... Full StoryPOULTNEY Six times a member from the American Legion Auxiliary laid a wreath. Full Story
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Full-time housekeeper from Blairstown, NJ with 3 years of experience and a background check available upon request
Blairstown, NJ |
3 years experience
full-time $15-20/hr
Blairstown, NJ | 3 years experience | full-time $15-20/hr
Meet Ludmila
Hello, my name is Ludmila. I am from Russia. I am a permanent resident of the U. S. and can work legally. I can provide any cleaning job. I am very organized. I really enjoy cleaning and decorating. I do not smoke. Right now, I am going to college to learn English language. I have always been a hard worker and did not afraid to challenge new opportunities.
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Florida eliminates Alabama from the SEC Tournament, and the questions about Mitch Gaspard's ability to take the Tide from good to great won't go away. Full story »
The 2016 SEC Baseball Tournament gets underway today at the Hoover Met. Full story »
UAB continued its strong momentum from the weekend while Alabama could not. Full story »
With the rebuilt Sewell-Thomas Stadium expected to be ready for 2016, the playing field for the Crimson Tide will be more level than it's been in years. Full story »
Alabama's season likely came to an end on Friday with a 16-1 SEC Tournament loss to Vanderbilt. Full story »
The Tide still can win the SEC Tournament while the Tigers should have an NCAA Tournament at-large bid waiting Monday. Full story »
The Crimson Tide put its disappointing regular season behind to open the SEC Tournament with a win over Ole Miss. Could a postseason run be in the making? Full story »
You can listen to and join in the WNSP Sports Radio 105.5 FM show of AL.com sports columnist Kevin Scarbinsky in Mobile. Full story »
Alabama and LSU are back at it, not long after a 16-inning thriller won by the Tigers on Thursday night. Full story »
They knew it was coming, but Alabama's resiliency will be tested beginning on Friday. Full story »
Alabama will have a new home park and a new weekend pitching rotation when the Crimson Tide's baseball season opens on Feb. 13 against Maryland-Eastern Shore. Full story »
The Alabama baseball team is spreading its brand throughout the state in 2015 with the ongoing construction of Sewell-Thomas Stadium forcing the Crimson Tide to play home games away from Tuscaloosa. Full story »


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China XD Plastics Company Limited (CXDC)
Industry: Capital Goods
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China XD Plastics Company Limited (CXDC)
Q2 2013 Earnings Conference Call
August 9, 2013; 09:00 a.m. ET
Jie Han - Chairman & CEO
Qingwei Ma - Chief Operating Officer
Taylor Zhang - Chief Financial Officer
Junjie Ma - Chief Technology Officer
Glenn Krevlin - Glenhill Capital
Previous Statements by CXDC
» China XD Plastics Company's CEO Discusses Q1 2013 Results - Earnings Call Transcript
» China XD Plastics' CEO Discusses Q4 2012 Results - Earnings Call Transcript
» China XD Plastics' CEO Discusses Q3 2012 Results - Earnings Call Transcript
I would now like to hand the call over to your host for today's call, Tong Ji (ph). Please go ahead.
Tong Ji (ph)
Thank you operator. Good morning and good evening and thank you for joining us for the China XD Plastics' second quarter 2013 financial results conference call.
Joining the call today is Mr. Jie Han, Chairman and CEO; Mr. Qingwei Ma, Chief Operating Officer; Mr. Taylor Zhang, Chief Financial Officer; Mr. Junjie Ma, Chief Technology Officer.
Earlier today China XD Plastics' issued a press releases announcing the second quarter 2013 financial results. Before managements presentation I would like to report to the Safe Harbor statement in connection with today's conference call and remind our listeners that management's prepared remarks during this call may contain forward-looking statements, which are subject to risks and uncertainties, and then management may make additional forward-looking statements in response to your questions. The company therefore claims the protection of the Safe Harbor for forward-looking statements that is contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
Actual results may differ from those discussed today. I will refer you to a more detailed discussion of the risks and uncertainties in the company's filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission. A more comprehensive description of the company's forward-looking statements is contained in the company's filing with the SEC.
In addition, any projection as to the company's future performance represent management's estimate as of today, August 12, 2013. China XD Plastics assumes no obligation to update those projections in the future as market conditions change.
To supplement its financial results presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, management will make reference to EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure reconciled from net income, which the company believes to provide meaningful additional information to better understand its operating performance. A table reconciling net income to EBITDA can be found on the earning press release issued today.
I would now like to turn the call over to Mr. Han. Mr. Han will speak in Chinese and I will translate his presentation into English. Mr. Han, please go ahead.
Jie Han (Interpreted)
Thank you Tom and welcome to all of you who have joined us today. I'm pleased to report our solid revenue growth and positive business development, especially during the changing and challenging macro environment, affecting different industries in China.
Although gross margin declined during the second quarter of 2013, mainly due to our marketing strategy such as discounts on listed price includes some of shipping cost since the fourth quarter of 2012.
This strategy has helped us achieve tremendous progress in market penetration, especially in East China, the largest automobile market in China. Revenues from East China and North China during the second quarter of Fiscal 2013 increased by 88.5% and 44.8%, compared to the second quarter of 2012.
Furthermore, we initialed our entry to southwest China Market on solid footing with 4.8% revenue contribution from the region, during the second quarter of 2013. As previously reported, during the first quarter's earnings release, we expected gross margin in the second quarter to improve approximately 18% due to our gradual reduction of the sales discount.
The improvement in gross margin during the second quarter speaks volume of our strategy at Q2. The number of end customers increased to 304 to the end of the second quarter of 2013 from 187 as compared to the prior year.
As evidenced by the higher volumes shipped, we continue to experience strong demand for our products across our portfolio. As market demand grows in our high-end products, as part of our long-term growth strategy, we remain committed to our investment in research and development, in order to enhance our product offerings, especially for the higher-end applications. We believe this strategy is the key to further strengthening our market position and will help us deliver long-term value for our stockholders.
Thanks to our high level of product customization and comprehensive technical support offered to our customers, the substantial switching cost due to our customer turnover and our customer have remained very loyal to us. We are confident in our ability to leverage our bargaining power and to gradually reach our profitability without compromising the growth momentum created by our marketing strategy.
For the second quarter of 2013, the company had gross margin at 18.4% as we started retracting our discount. Our effective penetration in East China market serves well our strategy, to make inroad to southwest market, where we plan to build our fourth production base in Sichuan province as previously disclosed and expand our sales network coverage nationwide.
2013 makes an exciting year with both opportunities and challenges for China XD. As previously disclosed, the company had planned to establish its fourth production base with 300,000 metric tons production capacity in Sichuan province.
The construction is expected to commence in the second half of this year. Once our southwest production base is up and running, we'll be able to effectively cover the entire country geographically and reach our goal of 10% market penetration with our major products; with our southwest production base covering southwest and central China and reaching into east China and our northeast production base covering northeast and north China and reaching into east China
Read the rest of this transcript for free on seekingalpha.com


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Bay Area Renaissance Festival Discount Tickets (Tampa, FL)
Score +1
Thread DetailsLast Edited by phonic February 20, 2009 at 04:40 PM
The Bay Area Renaissance Festival is the longest and largest Renaissance Festival in Florida. I used to think they were kinda hokey, but after going a couple years ago and having a fun time, we've been to it ever since. It's a great time for adults and kids.
More information is available at: http://renaissancefest
It's at the MOSI every weekend from Feb 21st - Apr 5th from 10AM-6PM.
I posted a thread a week or so ago with a discount code for printing tickets for this online ($1-$4 off depending on when you get the tickets) using a corporate discount code. But I found a better deal today at PETCO today.
General Admission at the gate is normally $16.95 per person. Even if you get them online using the discount code, you still pay $12.95+$1.25=$14.20. But inside local PETCOs they have $3 off General Admission ticket coupons, as well as a free ticket to bring your pet (normally $10) on March 7 & 8. Since the online ticketing system charges $1.25/ticket transaction fee, this PETCO discount actually saves you $0.25 more per ticket as well as allowing you to bring your dog to the festival for free on March 7 & 8. But, it gets better. According to the website, if you bring 4 cans of food to their food drive during the first three weekends, you get BOGO on adult admission. So, let's say you and three family members go with a pet. With two $3 off coupons, 8 cans of food, and the free pet coupon, you can save a lot:
Person 1 - $16.95 - $3 = $13.95
Person 2 - Free
Person 3 - $16.95 - $3 = $13.95
Person 4 - Free
Dog - Free
Total Cost: $27.90 (for 4 people and a dog)
Total Savings: $16.95x2 + $3x2 + $10 = $49.90!
Not to bad.
Remember, you need one $3 off coupon per paying person, plus the free pet ticket is separate. You may want to call you local PETCOs to see if they have them. But I live in Sarasota, FL which is about 45mins away, and they had them here, so I imagine they have them all over this area.
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Agony of Gas Test Victim
Byline: By Megan Bolam
Winston Churchill's government attempted to keep details of the death of a young North-East serviceman in nerve gas tests 51 years ago a secret because of "national security", an inquest heard yesterday.
The re-opening of the inquest into exactly what happened to 20-year-old Consett-born Ronald Maddison at a top-secret military centre in May 1953 will be seen as a test case for those who believe he and many others were duped into taking part in the trials.
Leading RAF Aircraftsman Maddison, of Consett, County Durham, was the first person to die in the trials at Porton Down, Wiltshire, and yesterday it emerged that all experiments then ceased, with Churchill informed of the decision.
The original brief inquest into the last moments of the aircraftsman was held behind closed doors in 1953 on the orders of the Home Office and swiftly recorded a verdict of death by misadventure.
The then Home Secretary Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe had said it was "essential" the first inquest was held in camera in the interests of national security, the hearing was told.
But after years of campaigning by his family in County Durham, the report into how and why he died has at last been re-examined and a second inquest opened in Trowbridge, Wiltshire yesterday.
Coroner for Swindon and Wiltshire David Masters said that the re-examination of the death of LAC Maddison, at the secret biological and chemical weapons research base on Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, was a "unique occasion."
Mr Masters said on May 6 1953 LAC Maddison was one of a team of six servicemen who entered a chamber at Porton Down wearing respirators.
All were exposed to 200 milligrammes of Sarin which was dropped on to a piece of uniform material loosely wrapped around their arms.
LAC Maddison and a colleague sat in the chamber in their masks playing noughts and crosses while they were under observation, jurors were told.
After 23 minutes however, he said he felt "pretty queer" and was taken outside where he began to experience breathing difficulties and was sweating.
He was given an antidote but his condition worsened and he said he couldn't hear.
He was taken by ambulance to the Medical Centre and given further treatments but slipped into unconsciousness.
Attempts to revive him including being given oxygen and an adrenalin injection into his heart all failed.
Mr Masters went on to reveal efforts that were made to shroud the original inquest in secrecy.
A letter kept in a bundle of the coroner's notes logged a telephone call from a Mr James at the Home Office which said that Mr Maxwell-Fyfe had said it was "essential" the inquest was held in camera in the interests of national security.
The bundle also included a letter from WB Purchase, secretary of the England and Wales Coroners Society, to Mr Dale. …


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Edit Article
How to Secretly Record a Conversation
Is someone saying something that your friend is dying to hear but your friend is no where in sight? For this, all you'll need is a cell phone that can record.
This article has been tagged as a stub.
That means it's off to a good start, but still has room to grow into a more helpful resource. Until the article reaches its full potential, it will be hidden from search results. Can you help it flourish? If you think the article offers complete and accurate instructions, feel free to remove this tag.
1Join the group or person whose conversation you want to record.
2Get out your cell phone, go to my sounds, and hit record now.
3Do one of these two things:
- a) pretend like you're texting but actually be recording.
- b) pretend like you're calling your voice mail but be recording.
4If you are with one person, go to record now and then cross your arms and have one hand holding the phone with the speaker facing the person you're recording.
Community Q&A
Ask a Question
- Depending on the circumstances, this could be illegal.


text:
More New and Used
from Private Sellers
Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.
ISBN13:by Meinwald; Constance
Nonspecific Binding
Questions About This Book?
Why should I rent this book?
Renting is easy, fast, and cheap! Renting from eCampus.com can save you hundreds of dollars compared to the cost of new or used books each semester. At the end of the semester, simply ship the book back to us with a free UPS shipping label! No need to worry about selling it back.
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Returning books is as easy as possible. As your rental due date approaches, we will email you several courtesy reminders. When you are ready to return, you can print a free UPS shipping label from our website at any time. Then, just return the book to your UPS driver or any staffed UPS location. You can even use the same box we shipped it in!
What version or edition is this?
This is the 1st edition with a publication date of 5/2/2016.
What is included with this book?
- The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any CDs, lab manuals, study guides, etc.
- The Rental copy of this book is not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. You may receive a brand new copy, but typically, only the book itself.
In this outstanding introduction, Constance Meinwald covers all of Plato's philosophy and shows how he shaped the landscape of Western philosophy. Beginning with a helpful overview of what is known about Plato's life and times, she clearly explains and assesses Plato's fundamental arguments and ideas. These include the importance of Plato's view of what philosophy is and the distinctive way in which his most important arguments are presented in dialogues; his theories of ethics addressed through the fundamental and enduring questions happiness and virtue; his influential treatments of the soul and immortality; the lasting contributions he made to the study of metaphysics and the nature of knowledge through his theory of the Forms; and his enduring and controversial insights into political and social thought in the context of his theories of human nature. Throughout, Constance Meinwwald draws expertly on Plato's most important dialogues to present a thorough and lively picture of his philosophy. Essential reading for students of ancient philosophy and Classics, Platois an ideal introduction to arguably the greatest of all Western philosophers.


text:
Watch A 500-Pound Fireball Hurtle Over Pennsylvania
A 500-pound, two-foot-wide fireball lit up skies near Pittsburgh on Tuesday morning and NASA captured it all — from both our point of view and the fireball's.
A 500-pound, two-foot-wide fireball lit up skies near Pittsburgh on Tuesday morning and NASA captured it all — from both our point of view and the fireball's.
An earth-grazing fireball skimmed through the atmosphere 63 miles above South Carolina late last week, leaving a bright trail for 290 miles before burning up over Tennessee. The entire 20-second event was captured by a NASA telescope.
When we reported another Russian fireball on Saturday, we weren't sure if it was real or a hoax. Now, thanks to geophysical stations in the region, we can confirm that the event coincides with a sound-blast, and even pinpoint a probable location on the Kola Peninsula.
Last night, a meteoroid hit Earth's atmosphere over Ohio, exploding in a fiery flash of light.
It wasn't nearly as dramatic as the fireball that exploded over Russia yesterday, but last night the San Francisco Bay Area saw its own light show last night when a meteor streaked across the night sky.
The odds of getting beaned by a meteorite are low. Like, really low. (In fact, the odds of being killed by a meteorite are actually higher than your odds of simply being struck by one. Yes, really. See here for more info.) But last week, Novato, California resdient Lisa Webber came pretty close.
If you've been looking for a way to spice up your regular soccer game, take a cue from these East Java footballers. They light a coconut on fire, douse all the players in salt and non-flammable spices, say a prayer, and start playing football. Take that, everyone who's ever said you shouldn't play with fire.
When it comes to comet impacts, the denizens of Earth may be living on borrowed time. Of course, comets are only about half the problem — there are plenty of asteroids whizzing around the inner solar system too — so we decided to have a look and see just how close modern society has come to destruction since 1900,…


text:
Launch Pad
- Artists Soukervalii
- Release Date 2012-12-17
- Labels 3rd Abstract Records
- Catalog 3RDAB021
The title for Soukervalii's 3rd Abstract Records debut is what we think will be just that, the Launch Pad to big things. Blossom slides excellently into the title track, with Supper Time and Rokit 8 providing an experimental aspect to the EP. In keeping with the sublime dynamic movement of the release, Advanced Technology plays us out with what is being billed as the biggest hitting track on Launch Pad.
If this debut EP is anything to go by, there is a bright future in check for Aviemore's Soukervalii. Grab this one now and be one of the first to leave Launch Pad ringing in your ears.


text:
OLYMPIA, Wash. (AP) — The Legislature's Democratic majority is clearing the way for tax increases with its first major vote to brush aside Initiative 960.
In a 26-23 vote, the Senate moved to suspend until July 2011 the requirement that any tax increases get approval from two-thirds of the Legislature.
That's a difficult hurdle for lawmakers to clear. But the Legislature can amend initiatives two years after they go into effect, and majority Democrats say they need to raise taxes to help balance the state budget.
Republicans resisted the change, saying the majority was thwarting the will of voters.
The bill now heads to the House for further consideration. Gov. Chris Gregoire is expected to sign it into law, which must happen before Democrats can start passing tax increases.


text:
PENTAX Imaging Company announced today the launch of the PENTAX K-7 digital SLR camera. This latest PENTAX K series camera is designed for advanced photographers seeking high-end design and features without the cost of a professional DSLR system. The PENTAX K-7 features a rugged, yet compact new body design, a new 14.6 megapixel CMOS sensor rebuilt from the ground up, and advanced features such as HD Movie Capture and new, unique-to-PENTAX camera controls. Compatible with every PENTAX lens ever made, the high-end K-7 features an abundance of long-anticipated new and improved features that are exclusive to the camera and combine to make it a tremendous photography tool.
The K-7 will appeal to many current PENTAX SLR photographers who have been asking for more advanced features, but in a smaller, solid, comfortable-to-hold body, said Ned Bunnell, president, PENTAX Imaging Company. We also believe the combination of the K-7s smaller, high quality construction coupled with the growing line-up of our Limited compact prime lenses will appeal to serious shooters who currently dont own or previously hadnt considered adding a PENTAX to their camera bag.
A compact, magnesium alloy body that is one of the smallest in the advanced photo enthusiast category to reduce bulk and allow users to travel light while maintaining durability and build quality (seven percent smaller than the K20D and up to 25 percent smaller than other cameras in the same class).
A new 14.6 megapixel CMOS sensor rebuilt from the ground up to minimize noise, adds four channel output for fast image capture, and the ability to capture HD quality movies. It is the ideal combination of resolution and file size, allowing very large (poster size and larger) prints and cropping flexibility.
A new 77-segment metering system quickly and accurately determines exposure for even the most complex and dynamic lighting situations.
HD Movie capture features adjustable quality and resolution settings, aperture control, as well as mechanical Shake Reduction, and an external microphone terminal for recording stereo sound.* The K-7 will capture video at the default standard of 1280×720 resolution with a 16:9 aspect ratio (equivalent to 720p), 1536×1024 resolution with a 3:2 aspect ratio, or 640×416 resolution with a 3:2 aspect ratio (equivalent to VGA quality), all shot at 30 frames per second.
An HDMI port with selectable output resolution (1080i, 720p, 480p, and auto) offers high resolution playback of images and video on modern high definition TVs.
A Dedicated AF-assist lamp further improves autofocus response and accuracy in low light conditions.
An Electronic Level function ensures that images have truly level horizons to minimize post-capture editing.
An innovative in-camera Lens Correction function that electronically adjusts for Distortion and Lateral Chromatic Aberrations to maximize image quality with DA series lenses.
A dedicated Mirror Lock-up function eliminates image blur due to mirror movement during long exposures.
A High Dynamic Range (HDR) image capture mode captures three images then combines them in camera to widen the exposure gamut to bring out detail in all exposure areas of images.
A composition adjustment feature in Live View allows minor shifts in the framing and composition of images using the Shake Reduction mechanism without having to physically move the camera. This feature is ideal for tripod use.
A programmable embedded copyright function preserves artistic integrity and image ownership during capture via a keypad that may record ownership in metatag data.


text:
: Life
New Dating Megathread
View Single Post
Discuss Thrower
"You like to drink?"
Join Date: Jun 2006
Location: "I like to drink."
Casino cash: $42423
Originally Posted by
I've found your problem, but I don't have an easy solution:
This points to some kind of depression or other emotional issues. It's a self-perpetuating thing as well in that you feel like shit, so you don't get laid. You don't get laid, so you feel like shit (and I hate boiling it down to sex, because the same formula likely applies to all sorts of other aspects of your life as well).
The answer is "stop being depressed," but we all know it's not as easy as that. Find some things that you enjoy that you're good at (preferably that involve physical activity, Xbox doesn't count). Engage in those things on a regular basis. Begin to feel better.
But bro I've got a 1.5/1 KD spread
- credit goes to BoneKrusher for the pic
Chiefs 2016 Opponents
Home: JAX, TEN, NO, TB, NYJ. Away: HOU, IND, ATL, CAR, PIT
Chiefs 2017 Opponents
Home: BUF, MIA, PHI, WSH, AFC North. Away: NE, NYJ, NYG, DAL, AFC South
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Should I specialize in Network Security or get my PhD in business?
I earned an A.A in Computer Networks and Systems Tech. I also did my BS in Information Systems Technology and completed...
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my MBA in Business and Information Systems technology. I also spent the last four years working for a company as a "computer technician" in a Microsoft Network environment. Now I am planning to pursue a PhD program in business management, but I am not sure if I should go ahead or specialize in Network Security. What do you think would be a wiser pursuit? I am in the process of separating with my employer in search of greener pastures. What would you recommend for me? This April I will be moving to Washington DC Metro.
In the Washington Metro area, in this era of "homeland security" and knowing that jobs in Infosecurity are hot right now, I'd have to guess that opportunities should be pretty good there--except for your apparent lack of OTJ (on-the-job) information security experience (at least, you don't say anything about that in your e-mail). But with your background and interests, it might make sense to stay in network admin/management while grooming your self for security work. On the other hand, if you do have prior OTJ experience, I'd urge you to look around in that sector as well.
Good luck in your pursuit of the right move. While you're also in school chasing a PhD, there may even be some virtue in sticking to what you already know best (assuming you must work and study at the same time) simply because it will leave you more bandwidth and energy to concentrate on school in your "spare time."
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Birth Name: Paul David Hewson
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Birth Place: Glasnevin, County Dublin, Ireland
Years Active: 1975–present
Genres: Rock, Post-punk, Alternative Rock
Paul David Hewson, KBE (born 10 May 1960), most commonly known by his stage name Bono, is an Irish singer and musician, best known for being the main vocalist of the Dublin-based rock band U2. Bono was born and raised in Dublin, Ireland, and attended Mount Temple Comprehensive School where he met his future wife, Ali Hewson, and the future members of U2. Bono writes almost all U2 lyrics, often using political, social, and religious themes. During their early years, Bono's lyrics contributed to U2's rebellious and spiritual tone. As the band matured, his lyrics became inspired more by personal experiences shared with members of U2. Outside the band, he has collaborated and recorded with num...
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text:
|15. Aug. 1995
|14. Mai 1993
|14. Mai 1993
|David B. Kirk, Alan H. Barr
|Ursprünglich Bevollmächtigter
|California Institute Of Technology
|Zitat exportieren
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patentzitate (5), Nichtpatentzitate (12), Referenziert von (5), Klassifizierungen (5), Juristische Ereignisse (4)
|Externe Links: USPTO, USPTO-Zuordnung, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to analog VLSI circuitry, specifically compensated multipliers.
2. Art Background
The use of analog VLSI circuitry to implement functions traditionally performed with digital components is becoming more and more common. In addition, Analog VLSI is being used more frequently to model complex systems that are often simulated in software. For example, Mead has been a proponent of using analog VLSI to implement neural systems. See, Mead, Analog VLSI Neural Systems, (Addison Wesley, 1989). An important component of the work lies in the attempt to mimic the adaptation that real biological neurons are able to do. Therefore, modeling analog VLSI simulations of neural systems requires producing circuits that are intrinsically adaptive. Another component of this design philosophy is the exploration of architectures and circuits that are tolerant of device variations and perform computations collectively.
Other research is focused on increasing the accuracy and precision of computation with analog VLSI and on developing a design methodology for creating analog VLSI circuits which can be adjusted to perform to the desired accuracy. See, Kirk, Fleischer, Barr, and Watts, "Constrained Optimization Applied to the Parameter Setting Problem for Analog Circuits," IEEE Neural Information Processing Systems, 1991 (NIPS 91), (Morgan Kaufman, San Diego, 1991).
It is possible to make analog circuits more quantitatively useful by designing compensatable circuit building blocks that can be adjusted to perform more closely to some performance metric. An example is the CMOS amplifier with offset adaptation, U.S. Pat. No. 5,068,622, Mead, et al. Mead describes an integrated circuit amplifier having a random input offset voltage that is adaptable to cancel the input offset voltage. However, application of this concept to other types of devices is not straightforward. For example, an ideal linear differential multiplier produces the product P according to the following equation:
where X, X0, W, W0 are the four input parameters which form the two differential inputs (X-X0) and (W-W0). Implementation in analog VLSI, for example, as a two transistor differential multiplier shown in FIG. 1, will yield a less desirable function:
where K2 is not a constant factor, but may be a function of the inputs, and Q is an additive offset, which also may be a function of the inputs. Thus, the offsets generated are dictated by at least four input parameters, which must be controlled in a coordinated fashion in order to achieve the desired output.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a compensated analog multiplier circuit.
It is further an object of the present invention to improve and control the performance of multipliers in terms of offsets, that is, errors in controlling the input parameters, and non-linearities (variations over the operating range).
The multiplier of the present invention includes built-in adjustments to improve circuit performance. More specifically, the multiplier of the present invention is a compensated multiplier which increases the accuracy and precision of computation using analog VLSI circuits. The multiplier circuit of the present invention includes adjustable parameters which allow for the improvement of the linear range of behavior as well as the cancellation of input offsets. A differential multiplier is described in which adjustable parameters in addition to the four inputs to the multiplier compensate for offsets and non-linearities, resulting in a highly accurate analog multiplier.
In the multiplier of the present invention, the individual input offsets are corrected separately in order that increased accuracy is obtained. For example, in a differential multiplier, it is desirable to compute a product P according to the following equation:
where X, X0, W, and W0 are the four input parameters which form the two differential inputs (X-X0) and (W-W0).
The performance of the multiplier is improved by compensating individually for the offsets introduced either by errors in controlling X, X0, W and W0, or by variations between transistors in the circuit. Adjustable parameters in addition to the input parameters are included in the circuit and are adjusted to compensate for input offsets.
The objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to one skilled in the art from reading the following detailed description in which:
FIG. 1 is an illustration of a prior art two transistor multiplier.
FIG. 2a is an illustration of a generic compensated transistor multiplier and FIG. 2b is an illustration of a compensated two transistor multiplier in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
FIG. 3 illustrates a circuit which utilizes one embodiment of the compensated multiplier of the present invention.
FIGS. 4a and 4b illustrate a generic and specific implementation of alternate embodiments of the present invention which includes a second floating node for improved linear range.
FIG. 5 illustrates exemplary circuitry for expanding the linear range of the multiplier of the present invention.
FIGS. 6a, 6b and 6c illustrate signal mappings G1 (X), G2 (W) and G-1 (Vout) utilized to further expand the linear range of the multiplier of the present invention.
FIG. 7a is a diagram which illustrates the output results of a multiplier without compensation and FIG. 7b illustrates the results with compensation.
FIG. 8 is an illustration a four transistor multiplier.
FIG. 9 is an illustration of a Gilbert transconductance multiplier.
FIG. 10 is an illustration of a four transistor multiplier which includes additional parameters for compensation of input offsets.
FIG. 11 is an illustration of a Gilbert transconductance multiplier which includes additional parameters for compensation of input offsets.
FIG. 12 is an illustration of a collection of multipliers which provide for compensation of offsets with respect to a single reference.
In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that these specific details are not required in order to practice the invention. In other instances, well known electrical structures and circuits are shown in block diagram form in order not to obscure the present invention unnecessarily.
The present invention is directed to multiplier circuits that include a "knob" or "knobs" for the correction of input offsets. A block diagram representation of a compensated multiplier in accordance with the teachings of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2a. Floating gates FG1, 85 and FG2, 90 are located between the input to the multiplier and capacitors 87, 89 which are respectively coupled to input signals Xo and Wo. The control adjustments Xadj 70 and Wadj 75 are used to add or subtract charge from the floating gates 85, 90 in order to reduce the input offsets for (X-X0) and (W-W0). To adjust the gates 85, 90 values are input for X, X0, W, W0 and the floating gates 85, 90 are empirically adjusted by control adjustments 70, 75 to reduce the error between the desired output and actual output. For example, it is desirable to reduce the offsets for input values that should produce a multiplier output of zero.
An example of a compensated two transistor multiplier in accordance with the teachings of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2b. The four inputs to the two transistor multiplier are X, W, X0 and W0. W0 and X0 are considered reference voltages for W and X, respectively. Between the input W0 and the gate of transistor 110, a floating node Vf 115 is provided. Specifically, the floating node Vf 115 is located between capacitor 120 and the gate of transistor 110. Using a tunneling process, charge can be added or subtracted from the floating node Vf 115, to correspondingly change the voltage at the gate of transistor 110 for a given value of the input voltage W0 and compensate for offsets which occur at the node.
The tunneling process, known to those skilled in the art, permits the addition or subtraction of charge from a node of the capacitor 120 which is the floating node Vf. An exemplary tunneling process is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,059,920, wherein the voltage at the floating node can be changed by electrical control.
Referring to FIG. 2b, when W is equal to W0 and (X-X0) is large, the current through transistors 120, 130 should be equal. However, if an input offset exists, the currents will be different. Typically, input offsets occur due to differences in fabrication wherein, even though the transistors have identical source, drain and gate voltages, the currents through the transistors are different. These offsets frequently occur in analog VLSI transistors. To compensate for the differences between transistors, the charge on the floating gate 115 is changed until the currents in the two transistors are equal. When the current through transistors 120, 130 are equal, the corresponding multiplier output corresponds to zero. Therefore, when W=W0, the output of the multiplier should be zero, since zero multiplied by any number should also be zero.
When X=X0, the current through each transistor should be zero, whether or not the quantity (W-W0) is large. As no potential difference exists between the source and drain of a CMOS transistor, no current will flow. Although no input offsets occur, offsets may arise due to errors in the control of the input voltages X and X0. When the current through the transistors 120, 130 is equal to zero, the corresponding multiplier output is zero. Therefore, when X=X0, the output of the multiplier should be zero, because zero multiplied by any number should also be zero. Errors in controlling the input voltages X and X0 can be corrected using external circuitry. For example, referring to FIG. 3, the voltage X0 may be controlled using a sense amplifier 140, 150 which also senses the current in the transistors. In this embodiment, the design of the sense amplifier includes adjustments for choosing an appropriate value for X0. For example, referring to FIG. 3 the reference input Vref to the sense amplifier can be changed to change the voltage X0.
FIG. 3 further illustrates how the compensated differential amplifier of the present invention may be used. Sense amplifiers 140, 150 convert current I1, I2 into voltages V1, V2, to produce an output voltage Vout proportional to V1-V2 which is in turn proportional to the product (X-X0) (W-W0).
In an alternate embodiment, the differential multiplier circuit includes adjustment to extend the linear range of the multiplier. This is desirable as an analog VLSI multiplier may deviate from linear operation, particularly at extreme values of the inputs. Therefore, the multiplier is typically more linear for smaller input. To expand the linear range, the inputs to the multiplier are rescaled such that the externally presented inputs cover a larger range than the circuit inputs. This allows the multiplier to operate within a narrower, more linear range, while the external inputs vary over a larger range. This is achieved by dividing the inputs before presenting them to the multiplier core circuit. One way to perform this input division is through capacitive division. FIG. 4a is a block diagram illustration showing additional modifications to the multiplier to provide for an increased linear operating range. The input X is scaled by the factor C1 /(C1 +C2). For example, if C1=C2, the input range is divided in half. The adjustment controls Xadj2 and Wadj2 can adjust the amount of charge on the floating gates FG3 and FG4 which sets the reference value for the input to the multiplier. It should be noted that FG1 and FG3 provide redundant control of input offsets; therefore, alternately, FG1 and Xadj can be eliminated, such that X0 functions as a preset reference and FG3 is adjusted to correct for the input offset. Likewise, FG2 and Yadj can be similarly eliminated.
A further example is shown in the circuit of FIG. 4b. Floating node 210 is coupled to the gate of transistor 235 and capacitor 230. A second floating node 225 is coupled to the gate of transistor 235, and capacitor 245. This structure allows for the input W to be capacitively divided, so that a change in W creates a smaller change on the gate of transistor 235. The resultant change can be adjusted by modifying the values of capacitors 230, 245 as the output is affected by the capacitive ratio C1 /(C1 +C2). The capacitive division has the effect of increasing the range for the input W for a given output, because a larger value of W is now required to produce the same voltage on the gate of transistor 235.
As noted earlier, W0 functions as the reference voltage and typically should not change in value. Therefore it is optional to provide a second capacitor 255 and floating node to extend the linear range for input node W0.
In order to increase the linear range for the other differential pair of inputs (X, X0), the external circuitry that generates the X value is modified such that the X input is divided as well. FIG. 5 is an exemplary external circuit that uses capacitive division in conjunction with an amplifier to produce an X value divided by the ratio of C1 /(C1 +C2). It should be noted that similar external circuitry may be used to divide the input value X0 ; however, as X0 is usually a reference value which does not change, the additional circuitry is not necessary.
In an alternate embodiment, another technique to expand the range of the multiplier is to select a particular mapping between the desired range of numbers and acceptable electrical signals to the circuit.
If an analog multiplier circuit is to multiply two numbers, the circuit may not be able to multiply electrical quantities that are the same as those numbers. For example, it may be desirable to multiply signals over a 1 volt range, but the numeric quantities may have a range of 10. The mapping functions are used to represent mathematical quantities (numbers) as electrical quantities (signals). FIG. 6a shows a mapping of numbers between -5 and +5 to electrical signals from -2.5 to -1.5 volts. FIG. 6b shows a similar mapping of numbers between -5 and 5 to the range of electrical signals from -5.5 to -4.5 volts. FIG. 6c shows a mapping to convert an output signal of the multiplier between -2 and -3 volts to a numeric representation between -25 and 25..
This explicit choice of representation and concrete mapping between numbers and signals enables the numeric range of the multiplier to be extended.
Using the signal to number mappings, the effects of compensation on the multiplier circuit can be shown. FIG. 7a illustrates the results of the two transistor multiplier before compensation. The graph shows one of the voltage inputs G1 (X) of the multiplier on the horizontal axis mapped against the differential current output on the vertical axis. In the present example, for G1 (X), -2.5 represents a large negative number, -2 volts represents mathematical 0, and -1.5 volts represents a large positive number. The number to signal mapping functions G1 and G2 map numeric ranges to the one volt input ranges of the multiplier. The three curves are produced by using three values for the other voltage input to the multiplier G2 (W) which ranges from -5.5 to -4.5 volts, where-5 volts represents mathematical 0. It should be noted that non-zero offsets are present as evidenced by the non-zero slope line 200. This line 200 represents a result of multiplying 0 by a set of other quantities which should result in a horizontal line at 0.
FIG. 7b shows the output from a compensated 2 transistor multiplier circuit in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. The graph shows one of the voltage inputs G1 (X) of the multiplier on the X-axis mapped against the differential current output on the Y-axis. The three curves are produced from three values of the other voltage input to the multiplier, G2 (W). The zero line 210 in the compensated multiplier is much closer to horizontal at 0, due to the effects of the compensation. The input offset error is less than one millivolt for a 1 volt input swing.
This concept can be extended to a four transistor multiplier as shown in FIG. 8 or a Gilbert transconductance multiplier as shown in FIG. 9. In particular, referring to FIG. 8, higher order non-linearities can be canceled out using a four transistor multiplier design. The currents through the transistors are approximated as follows: ##EQU1## Therefore, the difference current generated by the circuit is:
Idiff =2(W-W0)(X-X0)
A compensated four transistor differential amplifier is shown in FIG. 10. Compensation of the four transistor multiplier requires the adjustment of the two floating nodes, 510, 515. The floating nodes 510, 515 are adjusted so that the currents I1 and I2 are equal when inputs W=W0 and (X-X0) is large, either positive or negative. The input offset corrections for X and X0 can be accomplished by adjusting the external circuitry that produces the values for X, X0 and (2X0- X).
Similarly, as shown in FIG. 11, the concept can be applied to a Gilbert transconductance multiplier. The multiplier is supplied with four floating nodes 610, 620, 630, 640, coupled between the inputs 645, 650, 655, 660 and the gates of transistors 665, 670, 675, 680, 685, 690, respectively. The floating nodes are adjusted such that the multiplier produces the desired output for a given set of inputs. Preferably this is done empirically.
One of the easier methods, although not the only method, for compensation is to produce a "zero" output when the inputs are adjusted to values such that a "zero" output is expected. The "zero" is enclosed in quotation marks because it is not necessarily an electrical signal of 0 volts or 0 amps, but is the output value that is considered to identify "zero". This value will often actually be in roughly the middle of the output range of the multiplier.
The multiplier is adjusted so that it produces, a "zero" at the output when either (or both) of the differential inputs is zero (i.e., either w-w0, or x-x0, or both). Typically, the other differential input is made large in magnitude (either positive or negative), so that the multiplier will be multiplying zero by a worst case large number which should result in a value of 0.
In particular, the multiplier output should be "zero" for the following four sets of inputs:
υ1=υ2 and υ3<<υ4
υ1=υ2 and υ3>>υ4
υ3=υ4 and υ1<<υ2
υ3=υ4 and υ1>>υ2
The values for the floating gates should be chosen such that the value closest to "zero" for all four combinations of inputs is produced at the output. One way to optimize for multiple constraints is to evaluate the constraints and use gradient descent to perform the optimization.
Therefore, using gradient descent techniques, v1 is set to be equal to v2 and v3>>v4, and the error is evaluated to optimize for multiple constraints for the other three sets of inputs. Then, the four floating gates are adjusted slightly in the direction that would make the error smaller (this direction can be determined by making an adjustment and examining if the error got better or worse). The process can be repeated until the error is minimized.
The concept can also be extended to a collection of multipliers such as circuit shown in FIG. 12. FIG. 12 shows three sets of two transistor multipliers connected to form a dot product calculation. A single reference voltage W0, is utilized for the three inputs. Three floating gates Vf1, Vf2, and Vf3 are provided for individual compensation of the multipliers in the circuit. Therefore, similar techniques as described herein are performed individually to adjust Vf1, Vf2 and Vf3 relative to W0 such that each of the three multipliers in the circuit are compensated for any affects caused by differences between the two transistors in each multiplier.
The invention has been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiment. It is evident that numerous alternatives, modifications, variations and uses will be apparent those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description.
|Zitiertes Patent
|9. Dez. 1988
|19. Juni 1990
|Synaptics, Inc.
|Subthreshold CMOS amplifier with offset adaptation
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|22. Okt. 1991
|Synaptics, Incorporated
|CMOS amplifier with offset adaptation
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|The Ohio State University Research Foundation
|Analog, continuous time vector scalar multiplier circuits and programmable feedback neural network using them
|28. Febr. 1990
|26. Nov. 1991
|Synaptics, Incorporated
|CMOS amplifier with offset adaptation
|18. Juni 1992
|19. Okt. 1993
|Korea Telecommunication Authority
|MOSFET analog multiplier
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|Babanezhad, Joseph N., and Garbor C. Temes, A 20 V Four Quadrant CMOS Analog Multiplier , IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, vol. SC 20, No. 6, pp. 1158 1168, Dec. 1985.
|Denyer, Peter B., and John Mavor, "MOST Transconductance Multipliers for Array Applications", IEEE Proceedings, vol. 128, Pt. 1, No. 3, pp. 81-86, Jun. 1981.
|Denyer, Peter B., and John Mavor, MOST Transconductance Multipliers for Array Applications , IEEE Proceedings, vol. 128, Pt. 1, No. 3, pp. 81 86, Jun. 1981.
|Denyer, Peter B., Colin F. N. Cowan, John Mavor, Christopher B. Clayton, and John L. Pennock, "A Monolithic Adaptive Filter", IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. SC-18, No. 3, pp. 291-296, Jun. 1983.
|Denyer, Peter B., Colin F. N. Cowan, John Mavor, Christopher B. Clayton, and John L. Pennock, A Monolithic Adaptive Filter , IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, vol. SC 18, No. 3, pp. 291 296, Jun. 1983.
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|Kirk, David B., Kurk Fleischer, Lloyd Watts, and Alan Barr, Constrained Optimization applied to the Parameter Setting Problem for Analog Circuits , Neural Information Processing Systems 4, Morgan Kaufman, Palo Alto, Calif., 1992.
|Mead, C. A., "Analog VLSI and Neural Systems", Addison-Wesley, pp. 233-242, 1989.
|Mead, C. A., Analog VLSI and Neural Systems , Addison Wesley, pp. 233 242, 1989.
|Tsividis, Yannis, Mihai Banu, and John Khoury, "Continuous-Time MOSFET-C Filters in VLSI", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, vol. CAS-33, No. 2, pp. 125-140, Feb. 1986.
|Tsividis, Yannis, Mihai Banu, and John Khoury, Continuous Time MOSFET C Filters in VLSI , IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, vol. CAS 33, No. 2, pp. 125 140, Feb. 1986.
|Zitiert von Patent
|15. Febr. 1993
|17. Sept. 1996
|The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland
|Differential amplifier with mismatch correction using floating gates
|24. Mai 1995
|30. Sept. 1997
|The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc.
|Electronics for Coriolis force and other sensors
|12. Aug. 1997
|16. Febr. 1999
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Low voltage CMOS analog multiplier with extended input dynamic range
|20. Jan. 1998
|30. Nov. 1999
|Vtc Inc.
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|20. Okt. 1998
|13. Aug. 2002
|Trw Inc.
|2N-QAM macrocell
|708/835, 708/838
|Internationale Klassifikation
|Europäische Klassifikation
|14. Mai 1993
Owner name: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KIRK, DAVID B.;BARR, ALAN H.;REEL/FRAME:006550/0560
Effective date: 19930512
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|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|15. Aug. 1999
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|26. Okt. 1999
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Effective date: 19990815


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Shirin Salon's eponymous founder earned her first cosmetology degree at the prodigious age of 14 before gathering diplomas from L'Oreal, Schwarzkopf, and Vidal Sassoon and opening her own shop in 1987. Today, Shirin and her team of stylists pamper coifs and visages with salon services that include haircuts for men and women, vibrant highlights, and relaxers. Threading and wax technicians absolve bodies of unwanted bristles, and natural-looking eyelash extensions add a flirtatious flutter to attract potential mates and mistaken butterflies. Bridal packages enhance the most striking features of spouses-to-be with makeup, manicures, and gravity-defying updos. Crystals dangle from wall sconces and ceiling lights, casting the salon's white orchids and black-and-chrome chairs in a soft, twinkling glow.


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Whatcom Community CollegeHome Home Menu
Many potential pathways to a career in hospitality and tourism begin here at Whatcom Community College. WCC offers a 45-credit certificate and a 90-credit associate in science degree in hospitality and tourism business management. The certificate program is designed to accommodate the working student's schedule with a minimum number of days on campus. The program incorporates business management courses such as Business Computing and Customer Service for Professionals with general education classes and the following core of technical courses:
- Introduction to Hospitality Management
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Transfer options
If you want to continue your education beyond Whatcom, you can transfer your hospitality and tourism courses into Washington State University's Hospitality Business Management Program or your AAS degree to South Seattle Community College's Bachelor of Arts and Science program in Hospitality Management. Ask your advisor for more information about transferring to one of these fantastic schools.
How will my Whatcom Community College credits transfer?
Information about how Whatcom credits will transfer to a four-year college or university can often be found on the respective college's website. Please view the Degree & Major Information page for a list of popular Washington State colleges and universities.
What grade point average (GPA) will guarantee that I am admitted to the university of my choice?Unfortunately, there is no magic number, but a good GPA does impact your ability to be admitted to certain universities and certain programs. Check with the university and the department to find out minimum requirements and GPA averages for students who are admitted. A GPA of at least 2.0 is required in order to receive a degree from Whatcom.
What is S/U grading?S/U grading (satisfactory/unsatisfactory) is usually requested by students when a letter grade may negatively impact their GPA or when they are taking a class because of interest and do not want a letter grade. Any regular letter grade course can be changed to S/U grading at the registration window through the 8th week of the quarter. Students should think carefully before making this choice. Many universities will not accept S/U grades for courses which are used to meet general university requirements if transferred outside of the AAS degree. Also, many departments do not accept S/U grading to meet departmental course prerequisites. Before signing up for S/U grading, check the transfer policies and departmental policies at the university or college you plan to attend.
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|Selected FAQ
The ink cartridge latch broke. What should I do?
The common mistake that the Stylus Color IIs owners make is lifting the gray lid while the print head is on the outside of the printer which can cause a plastic piece to break. The print heads should work just fine even without that piece that broke off or came loose. All that spring loaded, plastic piece is for is to prevent you from accidentally removing the ink cartridge when the print head is outside of the printer (which you never want to do). The printhead on this printer should only be taken out when it switching between the color and black cartridge. If you are changing an old cartridge for a new cartridge, you have to make sure that the blue clamp is not opened and the head stays in the printer. For example, if you were changing the black cartridge on your printer, you would follow the instructions listed below:
Start with the problem printhead installed into the printer, then follow these steps.
Please follow this procedure to clear the flashing error light:
Factory Reset:
1) Shut printer off.
2) Hold down the Alt and Pause buttons while powering on the printer (continue holding for approx. 5 seconds and release).
3) The Error light should be on solid.
4) Hold down the Load/Eject until the Pause and Economy start to blink.
5) Release Load/Eject then press the Alt button to initialize the printer.
If the issue persists, please try the following to clear the light.
Reseating the Ink Cartridge:
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2) Press the Alt button until the print head starts to shift over (then release the Alt)
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4) Once the clamp is closed, press and release the Alt button to recharge the Ink Delivery system (takes about 2 minutes).


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U-T San Diego,
P.O. Box 120191
San Diego, CA 92112-0191.
I was excited to read that a new central library finally is within sight ("Builder says original cost for main library doable," May 1). As someone who works daily to make the arts, science, and culture more accessible in San Diego, I applaud this important step.
The library is an important part of the cultural and educational fabric of San Diego. The new library will have exciting new meeting and gallery space, in the heart of downtown. I know the Balboa Park partners I work with look forward to the day when they can share their resources and services with San Diegans at the sparkling new library.
Executive Director, Balboa Park Cultural Partnership
San Diego
Fortunately or unfortunately, the time has passed for San Diego to build a new central library as currently planned. The rapid advance of technology in the realm of print production and dissemination has rendered these kinds of buildings obsolete, except perhaps as archival repositories. It is time for us to go back to the drawing board, listening carefully to the needs of our many fine local branch libraries.
Past President, Friends of the SDSU Library
San Diego
I strongly urge the City Council to move forward with building the new library downtown. As a mother of three school-aged children living on the outskirts of downtown, I was excited to read that the construction bids were under the 2005 estimated levels. My children will use the vastly expanded resources. We will be able to spend hours exploring everything this new library will have to offer.
San Diego
Oh, goody. The library construction figures came in within the original $185 million calculation, so they'll vote to move ahead. With all the talk of public votes on major construction projects like the new city hall, there's no talk of a vote on this one. That's, of course, because "not a penny will come out of the general fund." Right! The money will come from a state treasury far in the red, private donations yet to be revealed, a school bond approved to construct new schools and $80 million of redevelopment funds. The latter expenditure will, of course, help justify raising the debt ceiling for the Centre City Development Corp. in order to give the Chargers a new stadium. Sweet, and only in San Diego!
San Diego
I am a sixth-grader and I think we need a new downtown library. There are so many great books at the downtown library and with the new library, they all can be out for everyone to see and browse. People go to bookstores and spend hours looking at all the books and magazines. There will be three times the number of books than in the largest book store at the new library – all for free and for anyone to use. I could go there when I have a research paper to do and have all the resources I ever need. The librarians could help me find other resources I might not have even thought of.
They should start building the new library and high school today.
San Diego
Funny editorial about progress on the new downtown main library ("Library nears reality / Guaranteed construction cost is good news," May 1). Why don't you ask Mayor Jerry Sanders to staff the library appropriately? What good is a building if there is no one in it to help citizens, especially since we are paying taxes to fund the library system?
It might be better to ask the state and CCDC to allow us to use the construction money to fully staff libraries already in our communities, and not allow the money to be used for other departments and pensions.


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- [j2]Mohammed Zaki, Youssef B. Mahdy, S. A. Ali, K. F. El-Reefy:
Two practical systems for classification of three-dimensional objects. Journal of Systems and Software 48(1): 59-71 (1999)
- 1994
- [j1]S. A. Ali, G. Robert Redinbo:
Tight Lower Bounds on the Detection Probabilities of Single Faults at Internal Signal Lines in Combinational Circuits. IEEE Trans. Computers 43(12): 1426-1428 (1994)
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Appointments & Offices
Check insurance plans, locations and make an appointment
Is Dr. Judge accepting new patients?
If you are a new patient, please check with Dr. Judge before scheduling an appointment.
What insurance does he accept?*
- Aetna
- Blue Cross Blue Shield
- Commercial Insurance Company
- Mail Handlers Benefit Plan (MHBP)
- Medical Mutual of Ohio
- Molina Healthcare
- Principal Life
- Simplifi
- Spectrum Health


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Free Getting Started with Ubuntu 10.04 Guide
The Ubuntu Manual Project, begun in 2009 by Benjamin Humphrey, is providing a free beginner's guide to Lucid Lynx being released today.
The richly illustrated 160-page PDF document is primarily targeted to Ubuntu and Linux beginners. Apart from explaining how to work with the network manager, Evolution mail, the Firefox browser and other apps, it includes chapters on the command line and security.
The guide is under a Creative Commons BY-SA license and is available as a free download from the manual homepage. Because of the licensing, it can be freely distributed and extended, so long as the same license is applied.
The project encourages contributors: authors, editors, translators, programmers and designers.
Issue 187/2016
Buy this issue as a PDF
Linux is the Largest Software Development Project in History
But if you are not using the latest Linux kernel, your system is insecure.
Linksys Says Yes to Open Source Firmware
Home routers will give room for custom firmware but still comply with FCC rules
OwnCloud Founder Resigns
Frank Karlitschek will continue to lead the open source ownCloud project
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS released
"Xenial Xerus" comes with a new packages format and several improvements for the enterprise.
MS Visual Studio Code Editor is Available for Linux
Linux users can now download and install the Windows code editor
Open Container Initiative announces Image Format Project
New initiative will address security and interoperability concerns around container technology.
Red Hat Lures Developers with Free RHEL and Container Development Kits
Developers can use RHEL as a development platform without a subscription fee.
Microsoft Brings the Linux Command Line to Windows
Windows users will soon have native access to the Bash shell.
Internet Research Group Proposes Better Email Standard
Improvements to SMTP will provide better guarantee of confidentiality
New Nvidia Driver Offers Wayland Support
Graphics vendor embraces new reality in Linux graphics


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NewsOK Blogs
"Arrow's" ratings solid in second week
The CW drama "Arrow" retained 100% of its Adult 18-34 and Adult 18-49 audience compared to its series premiere last week, and increased 20% in male 18-34 viewers and 15% in male 18-49 viewers, according to a news release.
"Arrow" maintained 86% of its total viewers from last week's debut episode (3.6 million).
Stephen Amell stars in "Arrow," which centers on the story of Oliver Queen, a billionaire playboy who moonlights as a crime-fighting vigilante looking to clean up the streets of Starling City.
"Arrow" airs at 7 p.m. Wednesdays on The CW.
Follow me on Twitter: @MelissaHayer


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Appointments & Offices
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Is Dr. Martin Sr. accepting new patients?
If you are a new patient, please check with Dr. Martin Sr. before scheduling an appointment.
What insurance does he accept?*Less
Office Locations
- 435 N Bedford Dr Ste 215
- Beverly Hills, CA 90210
- (310) 278-5403 (Office)
- (310) 278-0850 (Fax)


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USC Pacific Asia Museum
Established in 1971, the museum is one of few U.S. institutions dedicated to the arts and culture of Asia and the Pacific Islands. Its collection continues to grow and now numbers more than 15,000 objects, plus a variety of exhibitions throughout the year.
Visions & Voices
Celebrating its 10th anniversary, Visions & Voices initiative is USC's commitment to interdisciplinary approaches. The initiative features an array of events organized by faculty and schools. With presentations by critically acclaimed artists and distinguished speakers, the series features theatrical productions, music and dance performances, film screenings, lectures, and workshops.
Young Joon Kwak, Christopher Richmond
5/6/2013 – 5/19/2013
10:00 am
University Park Campus
Young Joon Kwak and Christopher Richmond, MFA '14
Artist's Reception Friday May 10, 6-9pm
Gayle & Ed Roski Gallery
Graduate Fine Arts Building
3001 S Flower Street
Los Angeles, CA 90007
Open Mon-Sat, 10am-5pm


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Low river levels cause longer season
The Vicksburg District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Mat Sinking Unit (MSU) is currently working on the Mississippi River near Mayersville, Mississippi on river mile 495. Thus far this season the MSU has placed 167,391 squares or approximately 384 acres of articulated concrete mats on the banks of the Mississippi River. During this longer, six months, revetment season the goal is to place 442,786 squares covering approximately 1,018 acres. The next location for the MSU is mile 453 near Milliken, Louisiana.
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River Rd. repair to begin in June "B-lump...b-lump...b-lump."...
Marking the way Read more
Cut in funding threatens Adolescent Opportunity Program statewide Local Adolescent...
Aerospace entrepreneurs envision 'Silicon Valley of the South' in MS Tunica is slated...
Town greenlights remote read meters Town of Tunica aldermen...
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Samsung promotes JK Shin and Yoo Boo-keun to co-CEOs
After enthralling people around the world with its latest device the Galaxy S 4, Samsung seems to be rewarding its employees for their hard work. The Korean company has promoted the heads of its mobile and consumer electronics divisions to co-CEOs to run the company.
The head of the mobile division and IT JK Shin and Yoo Boo-keun, the head of the consumer electronics division will continue as the heads of their respective divisions, but will now have the added responsibility of running the company with the current CEO Kwon Oh-hun. Vice-Chairman and CEO Kwon Oh-hun is also the head of the components business at Samsung.
Samsung has said that these promotions are aimed at speeding up the decision making process and ensuring independent operations of its mobile and consumer electronics businesses on the component side.


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Today, Sunday 30th August....
A Place in the Sun
Gulf Coast, Florida : Amanda Lamb shows golf-mad friends Mark Pagden and Mike Connelly luxury holiday homes in Florida that both their families can share. AD SUB
Today at 15:00 on DMAX
Christmas with Disney
A range of toys, bedding and collectibles from Disney.
Tomorrow at 09:00 on Ideal World


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The folding of Renaissance Cruises is another blow for travel insurers this month -- particularly those whose policies cover passengers should a tour operator or cruise line cease operating. According to CSA, which does provide this coverage, Renaissance customers who paid by credit card should immediately contact their credit card company, then also request a claim form from their insurers. Those who paid by check or cash, a method of payment we never, ever recommend unless you take out travel insurance, should immediately file a claim with their insurance operator. And those passengers whose trips were interrupted mid-cruise and who need assistance -- though Renaissance has pledged to return all passengers to their original airports -- should utilize their insurers' emergency hotline numbers.
Typically exempt from any kind of coverage should a company halt operations is that which is purchased through the cruise line itself.
Also, unusually, Renaissance passengers are not covered by the Federal Maritime Commission -- often a source of last resort for passengers who paid by cash or check and have purchased no insurance policy coverage for business failure. The FMC requires cruise lines that call at American ports to post a bond but none of Renaissance's ten ships qualify.
Your Ultimate Cruise Guide
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Renaissance Insurance Issues
Renaissance Insurance Issues
September 26, 2001


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@Inproceedings {export:159317, abstract = {
This paper presents findings from a field study of 24 individuals who kept diaries of their web use, across device and location, for a period of four days. Our focus was on how the web was used for non-work purposes, with a view to understanding how this is intertwined with everyday life. While our initial aim was to update existing frameworks of 'web activities', such as those described by Sellen et al. [25] and Kellar et al. [14], our data lead us to suggest that the notion of 'web activity' is only partially useful for an analytic understanding of what it is that people do when they go online. Instead, our analysis leads us to present five modes of web use, which can be used to frame and enrich interpretations of 'activity'. These are respite, orienting, opportunistic use, purposeful use and lean-back internet. We then consider two properties of the web that enable it to be tailored to these different modes, persistence and temporality, and close by suggesting ways of drawing upon these qualities in order to inform design.}, author = {Si{\^a}n Lindley and Sam Meek and Abigail Sellen and Richard Harper}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2012 international conference on World Wide Web}, month = {April}, pages = {1067-1076}, publisher = {International World Wide Web Conference}, title = {"It's simply integral to what I do": Enquiries into how the web is weaved into everyday life}, url = {http://research.microsoft.com/apps/pubs/default.aspx?id=159317}, year = {2012}, }


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GRANULOMA INGUINALE with metastases to bone is a comparatively rare occurrence. In the United States, primary granuloma inguinale has apparently been on the increase in the last few years as have the other venereal diseases. The placing of granuloma inguinale in the venereal category is actually an arbitrary one, as this condition has never been absolutely proved to be of venereal origin. It is the proclivity of this disease for the genital region that qualifies it to be listed as a venereal infection. In this paper granuloma inguinale and its complications will be reviewed, and a case of this disease with unusual sequelae will be presented.
Granuloma inguinale is a chronic granulomatous process that involves the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the genital region. The etiologic agent is the Donovan body. This is an intracellular inclusion body first described by Donovan in 1904. The true nature of the Donovan
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It's not the planned biopic on 1980s drug lord 'Freeway' Rick Ross that we've been following for a couple of years or more now.
Instead, according to The Wrap, Ross will be a character in a feature film based on Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Gary Webb (to be played by Jeremy Renner), who, thanks to his reporting, exposed the CIA's involvement in helping Nicaragua's Contra rebels import cocaine into California during the 1980s.
Webb died in 2004, shot dead in what was initially determined to be a suicide, but some believe he may have instead been murdered.
This new project, based on a novel titled Kill the Messenger by Nick Schou, will see Michael K. Williams potential star as Ross (The Wrap says he's in negotiations) in a Focus Features production.
Michael Cuesta (Homeland) will direct from a script penned by Peter Landesman (also will executive produce) who adapted Schou's novel.
Scott Stuber is producing through his Bluegrass Films banner along with Renner and Don Handfield, as well as Naomi Despres.
The biopic mentioned at the start of this post will explore Ross's ingenious and complex scheme of the crack cocaine trade in Los Angeles during the early 80s - the height of his success - moving 100 kilograms of cocaine daily, which was distributed across the country - product that he claims was supplied by Nicaraguan rebels/Contras.
So you can see the connection to Kill The Messenger there.
But we won't be seeing that film anytime soon. Last we reported on it, in March, the real-life Rick Ross and Nick Cannon announced that Cannon will star in the movie, as Rick Ross.
Nick Cassevetes was previously involved in the project, behind the camera, but no word on whether he still is currently.
And we have no idea whether financing has been secured for the film, who else might be involved, when production might start, etc...
We've been tracking this for a few years now, so let's see if this actually goes anywhere with Cannon attached.
But I'd bet that we'll see Kill The Messenger, the project that tells the journalist's story, before we see the Ross biopic.


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Re-elect Shaw for the HouseOctober 03,2012For the past three years Butch Shaw has been representing the towns of Pittsford and Sudbury with great distinction in the Vermont House of Representatives.
With redistricting, the town of Brandon has been added to the district. In a short period of time, Butch has made a presence and a difference in the Statehouse. He is an incredibly dedicated and hard worker who has established himself as a leader on the Institutions Committee.
His work ethic reminds me of the former chair of the Institutions Committee, Brandon Rep. Bob Woods. Bob always sought to do what was right for the people of Vermont and not let politics get in the way. He was a man of principle and common sense. Butch exhibits these same qualities, and it is fitting that if elected he will serve Bobs former district. We need people of Butchs quality to serve in Montpelier to face our many challenges.
This past year we faced the challenge of Irene. Our state hospital was destroyed, and we were struggling to meet the needs of mental health patients. Butch rose to the challenge and became a leader on the Institutions Committee, helping us draft and pass new legislation to radically change and improve how we deliver these needed services.
Having served on the conference committee with Butch, I saw first-hand his desire to do things right. I sincerely ask the voters in Brandon, Pittsford and Sudbury to vote to return Butch to Montpelier so that he can continue his service to our great state.
Sen. KEVIN J. MULLIN
Rutland TownMORE IN LettersI do not live in Rutland City. Full StoryI wish to inform my southwest Rutland constituents that I have decided to retire from public... Full StoryPat Chioffi, its not easy trying to decide where to begin, given your muddle of misinformation. Full Story
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"Chicco® Dance Walker in Happy Orange™" is not available for sale online.
This item may be discontinued or not carried in your nearest store. Please call your local store to check in-store availability before heading there. For informational purposes, the product details and customer reviews are provided.
- It features a hook-up for your Mp3 player, a locking player storage tray that keeps electronics safely out of baby's reach and a fun musical play tray that can be removed from the frame and used on the floor as a stand alone toy.
- Also, the Dance Walker can be converted from a walker to a stationary activity center in no time!
- It also includes 3 height adjustments, a compact fold and a removable, washable padded seat.
- For children up to 26.5 lbs.
- Requires 3 AA batteries (not included).
- 1 year warranty.
- Imported.


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Property Location With a stay at ibis Styles Sapporo, youll be centrally located in Sapporo, convenient to Ramen Yokocho and Sapporo JR Tower. This hotel is within close proximity of Sapporo Concert Hall and Nakajima Park.
Rooms Make yourself at home in one of the 278 airconditioned rooms featuring refrigerators and flatscreen televisions. Complimentary highspeed (wired) Internet access keeps you connected, and cable programming is available for your entertainment. Private bathrooms with shower/tub combinations feature complimentary toiletries and bidets. Conveniences include phones, as well as desks and sofa beds.
Rec, Spa, Premium Amenities Pamper yourself with onsite massages, body treatments, and facials. Additional amenities include complimentary wireless Internet access and concierge services.
Dining You can enjoy a meal at a restaurant serving the guests of ibis Styles Sapporo, or find a snack in a coffee shop/caf?. Quench your thirst with your favorite drink at a bar/lounge.
Business, Other Amenities Featured amenities include complimentary highspeed (wired) Internet access, dry cleaning/laundry services, and a 24hour front desk. RV/bus/truck parking is available onsite.


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Lucius Annaeus Seneca
Reiki healing classes, advanced energy workshops, and crystal and aromatherapy workshops are open to all people of all ages who desire to experience, grow, and integrate natural healing into their lives.
- Reiki
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Whether you want to stay healthy or recover from serious illness or injury, our health classes and workshops can help. What you learn here may be applied in conjunction with any healing modality, including modern medicine.
However, you might like the foundation of what we offer - that healing is Second Nature and your choices for natural health go a long way toward becoming healthier.
*Disclaimer- The information on this site is intended for educational purposes only and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. It is not intended as medical advice or to replace the advice or attention of health care professionals. You may wish to consult your physician before beginning or making changes in your diet, nutritional supplementation or exercise program. The statements on this web site have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.
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Freudenberg Medical Minimally Invasive Solutions manufactures sterile and non-sterile medical devices. They are packaged in controlled-environment areas, which are monitored and controlled to minimize contaminates. The controlled-environment areas undergo routine monitoring for microbiological levels, particulate counts and overpressures. Product may be monitored for bioburden and endotoxin.
Our assembly capabilities include, but are not limited to: packaging (tray and pouch), ultrasonic welding, pad printing and adhesives. A highly trained team, guided by in-house design, manufacturing, process and quality engineers—fully supported by internal fixture and special machinery technicians—assembles every product.
Freudenberg Medical Minimally Invasive Solutions meets your needs to achieve speed to market, reduced costs and quality by:


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If you have any problems, please email: Email firstname.lastname@example.com
Right now it's the not so scarey and food and wine fest...is anything else going on...like say invasion of the cheerleaders?
One great pair of shoes can change your life.~~Cinderella
Be the kind of Woman that when your feet hit the floor each morning the devil says " ! She's up!!"
beginning of December and February are the invasion of the cheerleaders .
LOL thank you I have a friend that was asking about it since he and his family are staying at the all star sports in a week.
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L-O-V-E Personalized Heart Shape Puzzle
|52-71 *
|72-150 *
|151+ *
|Applies to duplicate prints
*Free Express shipping, coupons not applicable
^Free Standard shipping, coupons not applicable
Want to recreate the magical moments of sharing the wedding vows and looking for special wedding anniversary gifts ideas, anniversary gifts or romantic gifts for husband or wife? You have come to the right place. Consider one of our best selling romantic anniversary gifts such as this personalized heart shaped puzzle. 9"x7" heart puzzle includes 36 pieces and it features a pre-designed background that can be easily customized. You can use our online builder to add your personal message, love sayings and greetings to the heart puzzle template, write as much text as you wish and you can change font color, size, style and alignment all in one place. Use the online builder to instant preview your personalization and once you are happy with your design, send it to us and you will turn your work into a wonderful love gifts and deliver it to you in no time. Each custom heart shaped puzzle comes with a free matching frame stand, and you can assemble your puzzle atop the frame stand. Personalized heart shaped message puzzle work great as cheap yet unique romantic puzzle gifts for girlfriends and boyfriends, special wedding gifts for couples, memorable love gifts for husband and wife and unforgettable proposal gifts.
- Personalized heart-shaped jigsaw puzzle made up of 36 pieces and measures 9" x 7" (225mm x 18mm)
- Puzzle frame width measures 0.8'' (23mm)