text:
State investigators haven't yet determined the cause of a fire that killed a Nineveh mother and two children more than two months ago, but when they do they will consider interviews with the 5-year-old survivor and findings from insurance company investigations.
On Nov. 22, fire burned the duplex where the Slusher-Abbott family lived and killed Hailey Slusher-Abbott, 22 months, and John Slusher-Abbott Jr., 5 months. Sirena Slusher-Abbott, 27, died three days later after suffering severe burns and smoke inhalation.
The surviving child, Alexanderia Slusher-Abbott, is in counseling. How many more times investigators talk to her depends on how the counseling goes and her father's consent, Johnson County Coroner Craig Lutz said.
The investigation is challenging because Allie, who got out of the house without injuries, is the only survivor of the four people who were inside when the fire started. So many answers about the cause may be impossible to get because her mother died, he said. Her father, Chris Abbott, had returned from work the day of the fire to find his home engulfed in flames.
"It's a fragile deal," Lutz said.
Insurance companies have interviewed witnesses and looked at appliances and charring in the burned home.
The Indiana Fire Marshal, the county coroner's office and Nineveh firefighters combed through debris at the charred remains of the house. But more than two months later, the fire marshal's office, which took the lead in the investigation, hasn't announced the cause of the fire. The fire marshal is awaiting some lab results and the conclusions from insurance and gas company investigators, Lutz said.
How to help
The Crossing church in Nineveh is collecting financial donations for the Slusher-Abbott family.
Donations can be given to the Abbott Family Fund at any Mutual Savings bank location.
Checks should be made payable to the Abbott Family Fund.
Donations can be deposited at bank branches or mailed to Abbott Family Fund, in care of Mutual Savings Bank, P.O. Box 94, Nineveh, IN 46164.
Investigators from at least two insurance companies, including one representing the Slusher-Abbott family, have been working to figure out the cause of the fire, he said. The duplex's other tenant and the landlord also might have insurance companies looking for the cause of the fire, he said.
They have interviewed witnesses, such as neighbors who saw the house go up in flames, Lutz said. Allie likely will be interviewed again, depending on how well her counseling goes, he added.
Once all investigators have finished their work, they will compare what they've found and together decide what the evidence shows the cause of the fire was, Lutz said.
Important to share
Sharing information helps ensure all groups involved are unified in their opinion and allows the state and the private companies to be more thorough, he said. For example, Lutz said, the insurance companies may find evidence at the house that other investigators missed, and the state fire marshal's office may have done more thorough witness interviews.
As part of the investigation, they are looking at whether any electrical wiring work at the duplex was done incorrectly and whether the gas and electric utility companies had made any recent visits to the house to make repairs. In fire investigations such as this one, Lutz said, investigators examine appliances, such as kitchen stoves and ceiling fans, to see if they could be a possible cause.
They also look at photographs and videos of the house while it was burning, studying the colors of the smoke and flames and how fast the building burned. Types of wood burn differently, and plastic can be like tossing gasoline on flames because it burns so quickly.
Even with several investigators, the cause of the fire might not be found because the blaze burned so intensely, Lutz said. Much of the house was incinerated, and the spot where the fire started and burned the longest may not have left much more than ashes behind, he said.
Sirena Slusher-Abbott had tried repeatedly to run into the burning apartment to get her babies out of the building but wasn't able to reach them. Police officers and firefighters also tried to reach the babies without success.
Lutz said the investigation might take a few more months because winter weather and other fires around the state have taken the investigators' time.
'Waiting game'
The delay isn't a concern to the family because they are glad to know the investigators are being careful not to rush to a conclusion, said Brent Dodson, Chris Abbott's brother.
"What we've been told is that it's kind of a waiting game," he said.
Abbott and his daughter go to weekly counseling. Pastor Paul Taylor said Abbott has joined a men's Bible study and talks with him several times a week. Taylor is pastor at The Crossing church in Nineveh, where the Slusher-Abbott family attends.
"Some people turn to drugs, some turn to alcohol, some turn to depression. The ones that want to do it right, they turn to God," Taylor said. "He knows that what has happened will be used by God to help other people."
Over the past two weeks, Taylor has noticed Abbott holding his head up instead of looking down and talking about normal daily topics, such as work, instead of bringing up the fire, Taylor said.
Abbott is learning to parent his daughter Allie without his wife, such as getting her ready for school as his wife used to do, Taylor said. Abbott's sense of humor is coming back, and he's started to wear a sock hat with dreadlocks and beads on it to be silly, Taylor said.
"He's not stuck where he can't get past it. He's learning that God has a big plan for him," Taylor said. "With that comes a lot of peace."
The family hosted a birthday party for Allie at the church Sunday. Taylor said she was running around and laughing with her friends, wearing a brightly colored dress.
"You can see she's starting to maybe let go of what happened and starting to live also," he said.


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The Last Of U...ncharted
Tagged: Sony
Is it all Qwark and no bite?
Born to be wild.
Not quite alone in the dark.
Get out there and throw some shapes.
With great power comes great missed opportunity.
All talk and no trousers.
Running out of room on your PS4 hard drive? Upgrading only takes 10 minutes!
The digital space is shrinking.
Hearing all the right notes.
Alright, pop quiz. It's time to upgrade your tablet, do you get the Z2?
No stop signs, speed limit. Nobody's gonna slow me down. Except maybe the AI or servers in DriveClub.
More gameplay footage revealed of the epic looking No Man's Sky from Hello Games.
Don't you be wasting all your money on syrup and honey...
Time heals most wounds... except when it comes to gaming.
Hey! Wait! I've got a new complaint!
The bigger they are... the hardier they'll be?
More games and DLC are becoming online only, is it the right direction for the industry?
Your phone - coming in your ears!
The second version of the Smartwatch from the most experienced manufacturer in the market place, but should you invest in it yet?
What do you play when returning to a console after several years in the PC realm that you couldn't get hold of there?
I feel the need... the need for speed.
Deflated expectations and plain old disappointment with the PS4 from an early adopter.
Why can't we be friends?
Have the electronic giants mouths written cheques the R&D teams can't cash?
The 8th generation of gaming has arrived, and in typical Sony style.
Size might matter, but you'll have a cracking time!
Should you cancel that pre-order and wait 3 years? Or take a chance the tech companies know what they're doing?
Ready? Set. GO!
Struggling to find out who's got launch availability on the next generation of consoles, and what deals are out there? Here are a few pieces of info that might help if you're in the UK.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Edit Article
How to Build an Easy Robot
If you want to know how to build a cool paper robot, here's an article that can help!
This article has been tagged as a stub.
That means it's off to a good start, but still has room to grow into a more helpful resource. Until the article reaches its full potential, it will be hidden from search results. Can you help it flourish? If you think the article offers complete and accurate instructions, feel free to remove this tag.
1First, get a lot of cardboard wrap. Cut the cardboard into a circle where you can see through the middle.
2Next, make a big square body with the cardboard.
3Third, make legs by folding the legs back and forth until they look like robot legs. Do the same with the arms.
4Glue the arms and legs to the body and the head too.
5Finally, draw a face for the robot and draw the body. Have fun with your new robot!
Community Q&A
Ask a Question
- Add wire to the robot's mouth so it looks like one. Use super glue for this too, and let it dry.
- If you want to make your robot look really cool, add metal around it to make it more realistic. You can make the metal stick with super glue, but let it dry before playing with it.
- Be careful with the metal and wire because they may cut your fingers.
Article Info
In other languages:
Italiano: Costruire Facilmente un Robot
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 18,775 times.
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text:
Longitudinal Assessment and Natural History of Younger Patients with Medullary Thyroid Cancer and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 2 and Their Caregivers
Basic Trial Information
|Trial IDs
|No phase specified
|Biomarker/Laboratory analysis, Natural history/Epidemiology
|25 and under
Trial Description
This pilot research trial follows patients over a long period of time (longitudinal assessment) and studies the natural history of younger patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) and multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 (MEN2) and their caregivers. MEN2 is a rare, genetic disorder that affects the endocrine glands and can cause tumors in the thyroid, parathyroid, or adrenal glands. Learning about the natural history of these conditions (knowledge about a disease and its course over time) and the biology of the tumors (how they develop, grow, spread, and respond to treatment), may help doctors better understand these conditions, which may lead to more effective treatments.
Further Study Information
I. To develop a better understanding of the biology and natural history of MTC, particularly in children and young adults with multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 (MEN 2).
II. Study longitudinally the growth rate of primary and metastatic tumor lesions in children and young adults with MTC, irrespective of whether they are receiving tumor directed treatment.
III. Study molecular pathways altered in MTC and their relationship to the patients' clinical course and response to targeted therapies.
I. Describe the non-tumor related manifestations of MEN 2 including skeletal, endocrine, and gastrointestinal manifestations, and their clinical course over time.
II. Evaluate the role of fludeoxyglucose F 18 (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection and monitoring of MEN 2 associated tumors.
III. Investigate the psychosocial experiences and needs of persons living with MTC and their caregivers, and assess how these change over time.
Patients undergo history and physical examination, including evaluation of growth and sexual maturation, pheochromocytoma, skeletal abnormalities, gastro-intestinal and nutritional manifestations, mucosal neuromas, performance status; medical photography (optional); ret proto-oncogene (RET) mutation analysis; and undergo collection of tissue samples for molecular analysis. Patients also undergo FDG-PET/CT and FDG PET/MRI and bone scan if clinically indicated. Parents and/or caregivers and patients 12 years and older undergo evaluation of psychosocial experiences and needs.
After completion of study, patients are followed up for 5 years.
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed MTC, confirmed by the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Patients must have evidence of active MTC as documented by either elevated plasma biomarkers (carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA] and/or calcitonin), or presence of evaluable or measurable disease
Ability to travel to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and to undergo evaluations to be performed on this protocol
All patients or their legal guardians (if the patients is < 18 years old) must sign an Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved document of informed consent to demonstrate their understanding of the investigational nature and the risks of this study before any protocol-related studies are performed; when appropriate, pediatric subjects will be included in all discussions
For the purpose of this study subjects who have not previously received medical or surgical treatment, patients who have previously received medical or surgical treatment, and subjects who are currently receiving medical treatment and or radiation for a MEN 2 related manifestations will be eligible; prior and current treatment for MEN 2 related manifestations will be recorded at trial entry and throughout the study
Patients must have a primary care provider (for example a primary oncologist or endocrinologist) who can provide and coordinate the medical care for the patient
Exclusion Criteria:
In the opinion of the investigator the patient is not able to return for follow-up visits or obtain required follow-up studies
Individuals who are pregnant or breast feeding or who become pregnant while enrolled on this trial will not be excluded from participation, but will not undergo radiographic evaluations or other studies for research purposes
Trial Contact Information
Trial Lead Organizations / Sponsors / Collaborators
NCI - Center for Cancer Research
- National Cancer Institute
Trial Sites
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center
Brigitte C. Widemann
Ph: 301-496-7387
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Brigitte C. Widemann
Principal Investigator
Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
NLM Identifier NCT01660984
Note: Information about participating sites on pharmaceutical industry trials may be incomplete. Please visit the ClinicalTrials.gov record via the link above for more information about participating sites.


text:
Home page
As a not-for-profit Registered Training Organisation (RTO) , we have a long history of serving the Sydney community by providing diverse, affordable adult education classes. We are much more flexible than TAFE and other continuing education centres in Sydney.
Take a short course just for you, develop your career, get a qualification, experiment, try something new or re-visit an old passion. Learn a language such as Beginners French, Italian, German, Chinese and many more beginners languages classes. Whatever your reason, we have your course.
Just like you, each year, over 10,000 people choose to learn in one or more of the 400 different short courses we offer in Business, Arts, Lifestyle, Sport and Languages as well as over 300 online training courses. Have a look at our new Adobe Classes Photography classes or Fashion classes located at our Sydney venue in York Street.
Take your pick from our extensive and diverse range of day, evening and weekend classes all designed with you in mind. With hundreds to choose from at any one time, there's something for everyone.
Follow @SydneyCollege
Tweet #SydneyCollege


text:
I Believe in Harvey Dent by kittenanddragonWatch
©2014-2016 kittenanddragon
That is one seriously impressive two-face!
Awww, it's a bit surreal having you two looking so adorable when I gather Pam and Harv are traditionally enemies.
I ship these two together!
Pammy dated Harvey in the Animated Series, until she tried to kill him. Haha.
Oh, I remember that set of lines, something about Harv saying one half wanted to shoot her and the other wanted to hit her with a truck. I have a odd fondness of Pam with Victor Fries, so long as Nora is not an issue. Something to do with Victor as a cold logical gentleman and that he admires the science minded villains, so Pam would be among them, plus the idea of opposites attracting in an extreme way.
"It's been a long time, Harv." "Poison Ivy." "You're still looking halfway decent." "Part of me wants to strangle you." "And, what does the other half want?" "To hit you with a truck."
Everyone's allowed to have different feelings on which characters they like to together. We can't all feel the same, eh? Haha.
See I knew I remembered it pretty much the same. From 'Almost Got Him', if I recall correctly.
Exactly! I mean lately I have this odd fondness for pairing up Eric O'Grady's Ant Man with Galacta, and she's not even technically canon.
your boyfriend is such a great Two-Face


text: OVERVIEW During the 2013 legislative session Wyoming Statute 21-7-701 was created, the legislation established the Wyoming Adjunct Professor Loan Repayment (WAPLR) program. The program is designed to financially assist public school teachers in attaining necessary qualifications to become qualified to teach specific college level concurrent enrollment courses. To repay the loan the teacher agrees to teach the concurrent enrollment courses in a Wyoming school district for a two year period after becoming fully qualified. Who Qualifies for WAPLR? Applicants must: Be a Wyoming resident as defined in W.S.22-1-102. Be employed by a Wyoming school district as a teacher defined by W.S. 21-7-102. Be certified by and in good standing with the professional teaching standards board, as required by W.S. 21-7-303. Be nominated by the employing Wyoming school district. How much will WAPLR pay? During the 2013 legislative session Wyoming Statute 21-7-701 was created, the legislation established the Wyoming Adjunct Professor Loan Repayment (WAPLR) Program. The program was initially funded for the second half of the 2013 bieneium with $100,000 and eight applicants were funded. The legislature reauthorized the program in 2014 and there was $160,000 to fund this program for the 2015 biennium. Applications were accepted in September 2014 and we obligated out approximately $90,000. Because there were remaining funds a second round of applications will be accepted in September 2015 for the remaining $70,000. We will notify applicants if they are approved by November 30, 2015. There is no set dollar amount allocated to each applicant. The entire cost of the coursework needed to become fully qualified will be covered if their application is approved. Steps to Apply Applicant should start by contacting his/her employing school district to determine if they will be nominated for this program. The applicant should also be in contact with the Wyoming community college that has agreed to issue credit for the concurrent courses that will be taught after the applicant becomes fully qualified. Once the applicant has been notified that they are approved for funding they will need to contact Align® to ensure that all the proper paperwork has been completed to receive his/her funds. Loan Payback A recipient of a WAPLR loan may repay the loan without cash payment by teaching concurrent enrollment courses in their school district for two years after becoming fully qualified. There are specific timelines for repayment to be met. For specifics on the tracking and updating of loan payback we ask that applicants contact Align®. Align® Corporation is the loan servicing agent for the WAPLR loans. To contact them directly please contact the following: 1-800-999-6541 or 307-638-0800 and ask for the following to assist you. Deana Diggs at extension 9019


text: 1) Not Getting Points From Revives It appears to be random whenever you get points for a revive. Sometimes you will, sometimes you won't. I can understand if this was due to a stray bullet finishing a team mate off, but I've seen people run clean into two NC, get gunned down, revived and no points at all. This was tolerable at first but when I'm spending Station Cash on Cert boosts it gets old very, very, quickly. After a big firefight at a Bio-Dome I think the chance of me getting points is about 60:40 to getting them. 2) Not Getting Heal Points When you revive somebody you get the same amount of points regardless of how much it heals this. This has been discussed since beta when the certs were unlocked and I am not sure if it's intentional on SoE's part or not. Essentially, you're somewhat punished for unlocking your faster revive tool by not being granted the points for the amount automatically healed. At Rank 5 this means you get zero points for "topping off their health" that you would with a Rank 1 tool. Now, people defend this by saying the quicker revives get you to more casualties more quickly, but I think this is clutching at straws. Why are you being punished for putting hundreds of certs into something? If there was a slow and a fast tool I could understand, but there isn't. Additionally, in small squad scenarios with only ten or so players only one person is going down at a time usually so that logic doesn't work. I will assume this is a bug or something overlook in development until SoE say otherwise. 3) Interrupted Heal gives no points. If I heal somebody for a good two-three seconds I will get the points for that amount of health. Great. The problem comes when that heal is interrupted at some point. If I begin to heal somebody and a team mate runs in front of me, or they break into a sprint expecting me to keep up, the chain is broken and I don't get the points. This is a big problem when I'm trying to keep somebody topped up on health and I keep having to start and restart the healing process, at times this has left me without any points for healing. Additionally, if I don't heal them for "that much" of their health I get nadda. I either get the full amount or I get nothing. Personally I think this should be changed to one point every 1-2 mini-bar(s) rather than four points every few bars (or whatever the non boost XP amount is) 4) Corpses That Refuse to Revive I don't know if this is people logging off whilst dead, but certain corpses linger for a long time with the 'Need Revive' icon above their heads. You revive, nothing happens. This is obviously a bug but it's one that is there and makes for an annoying distraction when corpses are dropping around you. 5) Minor Issues Healing Grenades should be reduced down to 100-150 Certs. They're good, but they're not 'that' great and most people just skip them entirely to get to revive grenades. As an AoE you can throw they're very situational and in most cases you can just sit in the middle of a group after a two second sprint and heal away. I feel they should act more as a 'pit stop' between working your way to your revive grenades, but at there current cost they are just not worth the price and can be skipped over entirely. Now begin the flaming.


text:
Other hotels in this area can be found on the map. Or have a look at one of these hotels:
Shamsi Rahimov Street 28, AZ1069 Baku Show map
This 4-star hotel is located in Baku city center, a 12-minute walk from the Tofig Bahramov Stadium. The Premier Hotel offers free use of the sauna and indoor swimming pool.
The modern rooms at the Premier Hotel feature elegant interiors and include air conditioning, cable TV and a balcony. Wi-Fi is free in the whole hotel.
A large buffet is served daily from 7 a.m. to 10 a.m. in the 6th-floor breakfast restaurant. The bright and elegant Dynasty Restaurant serves international and Azerbaijani cuisine.
The Mediterranean-style lobby features plants, flowers and paintings by Azerbaijani artists. The reception is open 24 hours a day and can arrange room service, in-room massages and car rental.
The Premier Hotel offers free parking and is a 10-minute walk from Genklik Metro Station. Baku's UNESCO Walled City with the Shirvanshah's Palace and the Maiden Tower are 3 miles from the hotel.
Rooms: 20
WiFi is available in all areas and is free of charge.
Free public parking is available on site (reservation is not needed).
These are general hotel policies for Premier Hotel. As they may vary per room type, please also check the room conditions.
From 14:00 hours
Until 12:00 hours
Free! All children under 6 years stay free of charge when using existing beds.
Free! All children under 2 years stay free of charge in a crib.
All older children or adults are charged AZN 20 per person per night for extra beds.
The maximum number of extra beds/cribs in a room is 2.
Free! Pets are allowed on request. No extra charges.
The hotel reserves the right to pre-authorize credit cards prior to arrival.
The property can organise a shuttle service from/to the airport and historic places (Temple of fire worshipers, Burning Mountain, Outdoor Museum Gala, Gobustan Mud volcano).
Note for robots: we added the robots metatag "noindex,follow" to this page because it could be considered duplicate content with the page http://www.booking.com/hotel/az/premier.en-us.html which should be in the index.


text:
Perez Hilton's Daily Update: Kesha Responds To Her Cancelled Billboard Music Awards PerformanceKesha was supposed to perform...until Dr. Luke rescinded his permission.
Perez Hilton's Daily Update: Chris Brown Rides An ATV With His DaughterBreezy caught some flak for all the fun
Chris Brown vs. Kevin McCall: Twitter's Latest BeefThe two exchanged loaded words on social media.
Tweet or Delete: G-Eazy ft. Chris Brown & Tory Lanez "Drifting" vs Drake & Rihanna "Too Good"G-Eazy makes his Tweet or Delete debut tonight, with his track "Drifting" featuring Chris Brown & Tory Lanez.
50 Cent and Chris Brown Drop New Track 'No Romeo No Juliet'There are "no Juliets" in 50's world.
Chris Brown Drops Mixtape 'Before the Trap: Nights in Tarzana'The tape features Kevin Gates, Young Jeezy, Young Blacc, Hoody Baby and more.
Watch the Trailer for Chris Brown's New DocumentaryGo behind the scenes of Chris Brown's rise, fall and comeback.
Chris Brown Mocks Kehlani's Suicide Attempt on Twitter""There is no attempting suicide. Stop flexing for the gram," Brown said.
Meek Mill Drops Previously Unreleased Collab with Chris Brown"Damn look what you started / He done turn my crib into an after party."
A New Chris Brown Documentary is ComingHe went from being America's sweetheart to being public enemy number one.
Perez Hilton's Daily Update: Are Miley Cyrus & Liam Hemsworth Dating Again?
Chris Brown Responds to 'Unequivocally Untrue' Assault AllegationsFollowing new claims that Chris Brown assaulted a woman in Las Vegas, his legal team has mounted a response denying the accuser's account.


text:
Shoes of the Week
Because our friends from Frontlineshop are awfully nice, they send me and David a new pair of shoes for four weeks every week.
We don't – and that's the most interesting about the thing – know what's in each package and are terribly excited every time.
This week David got green-yellow-gray-performance shoes from Nike, which he combined with classic "all black" styling, and I got blue skate shoes from Vans, which I logically combined with a cap attached backwards.
We are so excited to see what arrives next week.
PS: The shoes, which is quite clear, can be ordered here: frontlineshop.com
Inflationary, bad: Wood-Sunglasses!
On a daily-bases, press-releases by labels are reaching us, which have specialised in the production of sunglasses out of wood.
They are boasting themselves with sustainability. Are praising their work with totally funny slogans like 'Woody since 2012′, 'In Wood We Trust' or 'Done by nature, designed for your eyes'.
All die Holzbrillen-Designs von Marken wie Kerbholz, Stadtholz, Wood Fellas, WOODONE, ROLF Spectacles, Eric Lauer, Enzo Forciniti, Scherler oder Zeitgeist Berlin tun das nicht.
The Berlin-based label with the original name 'Stadtholz' is assuring that one 'really has a piece of nature on their nose', when purchasing their glasses.
But does one want that?! Having a piece of nature on your nose, when it looks bad. Sustainability is great and all. But fashion is mainly about design. And that should look good.
Plus, there is nothing more annoying than labels, who are massively pining 'sustainability' on their flag. Most of the times it is exactly those labels, who have as much to do with sustainability as bumm-bumm-Boris with the smart usage of Twitter. Not a lot.
KRISVANASSCHE is not going to be continued!
Shortly after Scott Sternberg announced the end of Band of Outsiders, Kris Van Assche has also informed the public, that the label, which also carries his name, is not going to be continued.
Kris Van Assche will mainly concentrate on his work for DIOR HOMME. The Belgian designer announced the end of his label through a hand-written letter which he gave to his business partners and the press.
'Times are tough for independent labels.', Van Assche said to WWD. 'This wonderful adventure has reached a point where I feel the need to take a break and some distance to better think about how to develop my brand in the future.'
We will miss the sporty-but-buttoned-up aesthetics by KRISVANASSCHE!
Getting Bananas ¿+'!
Next big Thing: Grace Wales Bonner
New York Fashion Week: Hood by Air AW 2015
HOOD BY AIR presented their new collection 'Daddy' in a cellar-like setting at the Wall Street, the centrum of finance.
The mastermind behind HBA, Shayne Oliver, showed classics from the world of fashion, like button-down shirts, sweaters and polo t-shirts in the typical unisex Hood by Air Silhouette. Therefore it came to an hybrid between polo shirt and dress. Or camel coat and tank top.
The models wore locks in-front of their mouths and tights over their heads, like burglars. The soundtrack of the show, total freedom, was ended drastically, followed by jazz, underlined with the statement of the Empire:
"I wanna show you a faggot really can run this company".
It becomes obvious how appreciated HBA is also in the art-world, when looking at the guests who attended the show, for example Klaus Biesenbach and Grace Coddington.
It seems that HBA, even after the diss by their once supporter A$AP ROCKY, is still very hip.


text:
- Multidimensional Poverty Indices Launched in Costa Rica and El Salvador
- Global Monitoring Report includes first-time coverage of Multidimensional Poverty Index
- OPHI's work included in top 20 global development impact case studies
- World leaders show how integrated policies to fight poverty need multidimensional measures
- Towards a Multidimensional Poverty Index for Germany
- Blog: Income and Multidimensional Poverty – Fighting poverty in all its dimensions
- Vietnam moves to multidimensional approach to poverty reduction
- Video: Poverty on the Table
- Measuring women's autonomy in Chad
- Applications invited for OPHI Training Course in Dakar, in collaboration with SESRIC and ISFD
- UNGA high-level side event: Anchoring a Global Multidimensional Poverty Index within the SDGs
- IMF podcast: Painting a Better Picture of Poverty
- Video: Poverty in El Salvador from the perspective of the protagonists
- OPHI holds annual summer school on multidimensional poverty in Washington, D.C.
- Sustainable Development Agenda to include goal on multidimensional poverty
- Disparities between monetary and multidimensional poverty: Evidence from Vietnam
- OPHI research reveals significant changes in multidimensional poverty over time
- UNDP blog post: The poor by any other name
- OPHI's Sabina Alkire and James Foster to serve on World Bank's Commission on Global Poverty
- New blog post: Seeing Poverty Up Close
Multidimensional Poverty Indices Launched in Costa Rica and El Salvador
Both Costa Rica and El Salvador launched a national Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) on the same day, October 29th. OPHI's co-founder John Hammock and Outreach Technical Director Adriana Conconi participated in these launches, John Hammock in Costa Rica's capital, San Jose, and Adriana Conconi in San Salvador. In their remarks the OPHI representatives stressed both the academic validity and robustness of the measure and its potential for impacting people who live in poverty through better and more targeted social policies.
The President of Costa Rica, Mr. Luis Guillermo Solís, was joined by Second Vice President Ms. Ana Helena Chacón and Human Development Minister Mr.Carlos Alvarado in presenting the new measure to the country. The President stressed that the MPI will be used to reduce extreme poverty by allowing the government to target government resources to those that need it. He also stressed that the MPI was the result of a strong partnership between the Government, the private sector through Horizonte Positivo and OPHI.
In El Salvador Christian Salazar, UNDP representative in the country, explained the need for a poverty measure that goes beyond income and that is not subject to price and exchange rate volatility. He was joined by Lilian Vega a technical advisor for the multidimensional poverty measurement team who presented the national MPI which has 20 indicators grouped in 5 dimensions. Mr. Roberto Lorenzana, the Technical Secretary of the Presidency, closed the event by summing up the relevance of the MPI as a tool for policy.
Press Coverage (in Spanish)
El Salvador
El Salvador y PNUD presentan un nuevo modelo para interpretación técnica de la pobreza
El 35.2% de los hogares son pobres, según nuevo indicador
Oficializan nuevo indicador de pobreza
Costa Rica
El 21,8% de hogares de Costa Rica sufren carencias que los arrastran a la pobreza
Pobreza cruda y multidimensional
Gobierno aplica nuevo índice para medir la pobreza más allá de los ingresos
Photo Gallery from the Event in Costa Rica
Photo credit: Costa Rica President's Office
Photo Gallery from the Event in El Salvador
Photo credit: Secretaría Técnica y de Planificación El Salvador
Global Monitoring Report includes first-time coverage of Multidimensional Poverty Index
The Global Monitoring Report (GMR) 2015/2016, produced jointly by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, details findings from the Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) for the first time.
While the report details a decline of those living in global poverty, reclassified as living on $1.90 or less a day, it stresses that 'Pockets of very deep and multidimensional poverty continue to persist' and emphasises that 'more attention is needed to the non-income dimensions of development' in order to 'sustainably end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity'.
The GMR explores multidimensional poverty measurement and profiles the MPI as a possible implementation. In particular, it highlights how the MPI can be broken down to reveal the different types of deprivation faced by the poor across different regions of countries, noting that 'Breaking down poverty by dimension provides policy makers with localized information for reducing multidimensional poverty'.
The report describes how, according to recent updates of the Global MPI, Niger is the country with the highest rates of multidimensional poverty, while the poorest subnational region in the world is Salamat in southeast Chad, where nearly 98% of inhabitants are MPI poor. The region with the highest deprivation in nutrition is Affar in Ethiopia, and that with most child mortality is Nord-Ouest in Cote d'Ivoire. Karamoja in Uganda is the most deprived region for sanitation, and Wad Fira in Chad for drinking water, electricity and years of schooling.
The report also highlights how several countries have already implemented their own multidimensional poverty measures, noting that 'as the post-2015 process unfolds, demand for harmonized multidimensional poverty assessments at the country and global levels is likely to rise.'
The Global MPI is an internationally-comparable measure of acute poverty covering more than 100 developing countries. It has been calculated by OPHI and published in the UN Development Programme's Human Development Report since 2010. Overall, 1.6 billion people are multidimensionally poor according to the Global MPI, with the largest global share in South Asia and the highest intensity in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Further information
Read the full Global Monitoring Report: "Development Goals in an Era of Demographic Change"
Find out more about the 2015 updates of the Global Multidimensional Poverty Index and read about countries that are developing national and regional MPIs.
Read OPHI's briefing paper on how the Global MPI can be broken down to reveal a clearer picture of poverty: High Visibility: How disaggregated metrics help to reduce multidimensional poverty
OPHI's work included in top 20 global development impact case studies
OPHI's work has been included in the top 20 most impressive examples of UK research contributing to global development, a list compiled by the UK Collaborative on Development Sciences (UKDCS).
The UKDCS selected the list from the 6,975 impact case studies submitted to the Research Excellence Framework, the system used to assess the research quality of UK universities.
OPHI was recognised for its work to develop the Alkire Foster (AF) method for multidimensional poverty measurement. The AF method is a flexible tool that captures the overlapping deprivations that a person or household experiences in different indicators of poverty, such as poor health, a lack of education and inadequate living standards. It provides a headline measure of poverty and can also be broken down to reveal what poverty is like in different areas of a country and among different groups of the population.
The AF method is being used by a growing number of governments to develop their own national or regional multidimensional poverty measures, incorporating indicators of poverty relevant to their own specific contexts. It enables policymakers to develop coordinated poverty-reduction initiatives and target their resources at those most in need.
The AF method has also been used to construct the Global Multidimensional Poverty Index, which has been calculated by OPHI and published in the UN Development Programme's Human Development Report since 2010. The Global MPI is an internationally-comparable measure of acute poverty covering more than 100 developing countries.
Further information
Read the UKCDS case study about OPHI's work: Revolutionising the world's understanding of poverty and how to fight it
Find out more about countries that have launched or are in the process of developing multidimensional poverty measures.
World leaders show how integrated policies to fight poverty need multidimensional measures
High level side-event at the UN summit for the adoption of the post-2015 development agenda
Anchoring a Global Multidimensional Poverty Index within the SDGs
New York, 27 September 2015
During the United Nations summit to agree a historic new global development agenda, twenty eminent speakers stressed the importance of adopting a multidimensional approach to measuring and eradicating poverty at the national and global levels.
The event celebrated the sea-change embodied within the new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which recognises that 'eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions' as 'the greatest global challenge'. The 20 speakers shared with passion and commitment their work to address poverty, using Multidimensional Poverty Indices (MPIs) that catalyse integrated policies and disaggregated data to leave no one behind.
Many calls were also made for an internationally comparable Global MPI to be a tier 1 indicator within the SDGs and for National MPIs, that measure poverty according to national definitions, to be aspirational indicators for Target 1.2. Speakers shared how multidimensional poverty metrics can help to fight poverty in all its forms and dimensions, how they can be disaggregated to help leave no one behind, and help catalyse integrated policies that address interlinked deprivations together – key principles of the SDGs.
The distinguished speakers, including Heads of State, Ministers of Planning and Ministers of Social Development, Finance and Foreign Affairs, are at the forefront of practical efforts to reduce all forms of poverty. The measures they use inform their efforts to improve lives of poor people. In their observations they showed how multidimensional poverty measures can complement monetary poverty measures.
Watch a video of the event:
The eminent leaders addressing the 200-strong audience included:
- E. Mr. Luis Guillermo Solís Rivera, President of Costa Rica
- E. Mr. Tshering Tobgay, Prime Minister of Bhutan
- E. Mr. Juan Orlando Hernández, President of Honduras
- E. Mr. Kenny Anthony, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia
- E. Mr. Wu Hongbo, Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations
Their contributions stressed the importance of putting poor people at the heart of the sustainable development agenda via multidimensional approaches to measuring and eradicating poverty.
The other speakers sharing important contributions on multidimensional poverty included:
- The Philippines: H.E. Dr. Arsenio Balisacan, Socioeconomic Planning Secretary of the Philippines
- Colombia:E. Tatyana Orozco de la Cruz, Director of the Department for Social Prosperity of Colombia
- South Africa: H.E. Jeff Radebe, Minister in the Presidency for Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation, South Africa
- Chile: H.E. Marcos Barraza Gómez, Minister of Social Development of Chile
- Viet Nam: H.E. Mr. Dang Huy Dong, Deputy Minister, Ministry of Planning and Investment of Viet Nam
- Ecuador:E. Cecilia Vaca Jones, Minister Coordinator of Social Development of Ecuador
- Islamic Development Bank: Dr. Savas Alpay, Chief Economist of the Islamic Development Bank
- Georgia:E. Mr Mikheil Janelidze, First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Georgia
- Senegal: H.E. Amadou Ba, Minister of Economy and Finance, Senegal
- League of Arab States and Tarek Nabil El Nabulsi, Director of Development and Social Policies Department, League of Arab States
- UN Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia: Khalid Abu-Ismail, Chief Economic Policy Section, UN Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia
- Germany: Dr. Ingolf Dietrich, Deputy Director-General, Head of the Special Unit of Post-2015 Agenda, Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development of Germany
- Panama: H.E. Mrs. María Luisa Navarro, Deputy Minister for Multilateral Affairs and Cooperation of Panama
- United States: Mr. Noam Unger, Deputy Assistant for Policy, Planning and Learning, USAID of the United States
- Mexico: Gabriel Rivera Conde, Chief Strategic Projects, Office of the President of Mexico
The discussion was fast-paced, focused and substantive. President Solis of Costa Rica called for a poverty narrative that inspires commitment and action – by government, but also by civil society and the private sector. Prime Minister Tobgay of Bhutan shared how multidimensional poverty and well-being measures create an insightful measurement framework for multi-level policy and programme design. Presidetn Hernandez of Honduras shared a compelling example of a campesino farmer whose life is trapped in a battery of interlocking deprivations, but also observed how the Global MPI enables Honduras to be compared on the world stage to countries in Asia and the Arab world. Prime Minister Anthony of St Lucia brought in Bob Marley to call for attention to the hidden, forgotten, and isolated people and the links between poverty and environmental degradation.
In the Ministerial Discussion, Arsenio Balisacan (Philippines) shared how their multidimensional poverty measures – which are incorporated in their national development plan – better reflected the impact of economic growth, while Tayana Orozco (Colombia) shared a distilled and compact overview of Colombia's many-layered innovative policy uses of the MPI. Jeff Radebe (South Africa), stressed how measures that display the interlinkages of poverty can stimulate and guide integrated policy, and also mentioned how South Africa's census-based MPI was a 'precision measure of poverty' that interested many. Marcos Barraza (Chile) shared the structure and findings of Chile's official National MPI launched in January 2015, and Dang Huy Dong (Vietnam) explained the need to have a 'headline' indicator of multidimensional poverty to give visibility to social progress. Cecilia Vaca Jones (Ecuador), whose country will shortly release a national MPI, articulated how it resonated with the indigenous cosmology of Buen Vivir, of harmony between peoples, and with the environment. Savas Alpay (Islamic Development Bank) described the interest in Islamic Development Bank member countries in building national MPIs, and of their work in supporting capacity building in statistical offices.
In a closing set of brief and pity remarks as well as submitted statements, other important points emerged. Mikheil Janelidze (Georgia) shared how MPI is a natural next step given their history of social policy interventions. Maria Luisa Navarro (Panama) charted Panama's trajectory which has spawned an interest in multidimensional poverty measurement. Amadou Ba (Senegal) shared their work on building a national MPI – the first in Africa, and Tarek Nabulsi (League of Arab States) described the need in the Arab region for a comparable MPI, but one focused on moderate poverty, and their collaboration with UNESWA to bring this into being. Ingolf Dietrich (Germany) articulated Germany's interest in following how multidimensional poverty metrics are evolving, and Noam Unger (USAID) shared how USAID's new vision for extreme poverty is, for the first time, multidimensional. Mexico, the country who had released their National MPI even before UNDP's Global MPI launch in 2010, closed the session, and welcomed participants to come to the next meeting of the Multidimensional Poverty Peer Network (mppn.org), which will be hosted by Mexico.
Highlights from the discussion included:
The UN Secretary General Ban Ki Moon, whose message to the audience was delivered by H.E. Mr. Wu Hongbo, Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations, shared with participants the number of Global MPI poor people in developing countries and said:
"Our challenge, at the global, national and local levels, is to reduce these numbers and ensure lives of dignity for all. That means accurately tracking vulnerability, exclusion and other key variables. It means seizing the great potential of the data revolution to help us better measure poverty and get a full picture of its impacts. Only then will Governments, which will be in the driver's seat of implementation, be able to determine and pursue their national priorities."
H.E. Mr. Luis Guillermo Solís Rivera, President of Costa Rica who celebrated the priority of poverty in all its forms and dimensions in the SDGs, and stressed how national multidimensional poverty index, or MPI, can improve the effectiveness of social policy. He said
"…leaders that are committed to fighting against poverty in all its dimensions need to join forces to create mechanisms to achieve our objectives. I believe in the relevance of making the complexity of our challenges visible: we must understand poverty as the deprivation of several capacities and living conditions, and not merely as the lack of income."
Stressing the need to include a Global MPI within the SDGs he said:
"…similarly to the case of the $1.25-a-day indicator of extreme poverty, we need an index of multidimensional poverty that is comparable across countries and over time, such as the existing Global MPI of UNDP and OPHI. We need an index that considers acute and moderate poverty. And we need this index to be disaggregated by region and indicator."
H.E. Mr. Tshering Tobgay, Prime Minister of Bhutan talked about Bhutan's two-pronged approach to multidimensional measurement which captures the multiple dimensions of wellbeing in the form of the Gross National Happiness Index and the multiple dimensions of poverty in their official national MPI.
He observed that 'Indicators are like eyes: they help us to see things; they bring matters into focus' – and so shape action:
"Bhutan's national MPI is not only a measure, it is also a tool – a policy tool. We use it to inform our allocation of resources. It identifies people who are poor because of gaps in infrastructure and social services, even where people are not income poor, as in one of our remotest district."
He raised "the call to have a Global MPI as a Tier 1 indicator of the SDGs, and to support others to develop the use National MPIs" – yet he also encouraged linked measures of poverty and well-being:
"Together we can design a new metric by which to assess our societies and our own lives, one that not only leaves no person behind, but also leaves no part of human life and potential behind."
H.E. Mr. Juan Orlando Hernández, President of Honduras, who grew up in the rural areas, used the case of Don Camilo to illustrate interconnected deprivations faced by farmers and their multiple causes. He said:
"It has taken us a long time to understand that poverty is multidimensional – that it is a complex phenomenon, and must be confronted with different tools and from different angles."
He also showed how the Global MPI can be used to compare poverty in Honduras with situations in Asia and the Arab States. He said:
"This ability to differentiate between countries and regions using the MPI shows us the territorial imbalances that we must break."
H.E. Mr. Kenny Anthony, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia who spoke about the particular challenges of the hidden, forgotten and isolated poor among small island developing states, drew out the potential of joining together efforts to fight poverty and to strike out environmental threats within the SDGs. He said that
"A Global MPI helps us know and understand poverty better, allows us to compare clearer, and gives us a stronger platform to remove the scourge of poverty from the human family."
Of the new global development agenda he said:
"Lifting people out of poverty means uplifting the entire human experience. Target 1.2 of our new Sustainable Development Goals affirms this and promotes efforts for a Global Multidimensional Poverty Index."
The further contributions from senior representatives of governments who have adopted or are establishing official national MPIs showed the energy, vitality and rapid pace of growth in this emerging area of poverty measurement. The meeting agenda shows the diversity of participants from around the world.
Leaders who could not speak in person shared statements on multidimensional poverty measurement efforts at the global and national levels including the President of Colombia, the Vice President of the Dominican Republic, the Head of Statistics of Sudan, and senior government officials from Turkey and Seychelles.
Photography credit: Zach Damberger
Towards a Multidimensional Poverty Index for Germany
A new study published in the OPHI working paper series proposes a multidimensional poverty index (MPI) for Germany to reveal the overlapping disadvantages poor people can face across different areas of life.
Nicolai Suppa from the Technical University of Dortmund constructed an MPI using German data from 2001-02, 2006-07 and 2011-12. Based on the Alkire Foster method, his MPI for Germany incorporates six dimensions of poverty:
- education;
- housing;
- health;
- material deprivation;
- social participation; and
- employment.
His analysis of the MPI revealed substantive differences in the prevalence of multidimensional poverty among different groups of the population and in different areas of the country. For example, people living by themselves tended to experience more poverty than those living in a couple, regardless of children in the household. Similarly, people with fathers who had limited education or where their education was unknown were associated with higher multidimensional poverty.
There were also significant differences in the dimensions that contributed most to poverty among different groups of people. For people with a background of migration, the dimensions of material deprivation and housing contributed relatively more to multidimensional poverty, while health contributed less. The relative contributions of deprivations in social participation and health increased with age, while the roles of housing and material deprivation decreased.
The study also looked at changes in multidimensional poverty over time and suggests that the overall increase in multidimensional poverty from 2001/02 to 2006/07 was due to deprivations in employment and material deprivation. Similarly, indicators for education and unemployment played a crucial role in reducing multidimensional poverty during the second half of the decade.
Changes in multidimensional poverty over time varied for different groups of the population. For example, the findings showed that migrants experienced a stronger increase in multidimensional poverty than non-migrants during the first half of the decade and a greater decrease during the second half. This decrease resulted in a reduced poverty gap between migrants and non-migrants by 2011/12. There were also variations in the way poverty changed over time among different age groups.
Overall, using data from 2011/2012, the study found that 8% of people in Germany lived in multidimensional poverty, compared to 5% who were income poor. The author highlights the discrepancy between multidimensional and income poverty measures in showing who is poor, emphasising that the choice of measure can make a difference to targeting poverty-reduction initiatives.
Read the full paper
'Towards a Multidimensional Poverty Index for Germany', by Nicolai Suppa, was published in the OPHI working paper series in September 2015.
Further information
Find out about countries that have launched official national measures of multidimensional poverty.
Blog: Income and Multidimensional Poverty – Fighting poverty in all its dimensions
The way we define poverty has changed. At the Sustainable Development Summit on 25-27 September 2015, the UN will formally adopt a new sustainable development agenda that will include a goal to end poverty in all its forms everywhere. The new goals officially recognise that poverty is more than a lack of money. This is a significant turning point that brings us closer to understanding the true extent of poverty – and a crucial step towards fighting it.
With 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) finalised, attention will now turn to how they will be measured, and how to use new measures to improve governance. And fortunately governments have some experience on how this can be done. Later this month at a high-level side event during the Sustainable Development Summit, leaders and ministers from governments around the world will underline their experience with a Multidimensional Poverty Index at the national level, used to complement the traditional income measure. The Presidents of Costa Rica, Ecuador and Honduras and the Prime Ministers of Bhutan and Saint Lucia, and senior ministers from Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and the Philippines, are among those who will argue, based on their experience, for a Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) to be embedded in the new development framework as a measure of target 1.2 – to reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions by 2030. Such a global indicator to measure progress towards poverty reduction would complement MPIs at the national level.
A new Global MPI would build on the current Global MPI that has been published by the UN Development Programme's Human Development Report Office since 2010, developed with and calculated by the Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative (OPHI), a research centre at the University of Oxford. It complements traditional measures of income poverty by combining different indicators of deprivation such as poor sanitation, malnutrition, unsafe water, poor quality housing and lack of education. According to the latest updates of the Global MPI, released in June this year and covering 101 developing countries, 1.6 billion people are living in multidimensional poverty around the world.
An improved Global MPI for the SDGs (the MPI 2015+) would draw together SDG indicators and help us gain an even richer picture of the true reality of poverty.
The side event is organised by the government of Costa Rica with the support of the Multidimensional Poverty Peer Network (MPPN), a group of 40 governments that is championing the use of multidimensional poverty measures alongside traditional income measures at both the national and global levels. These governments also include China, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa and Vietnam, among many others.
With such diverse nations committed to multidimensional poverty measurement in the SDGs, the Global MPI 2015+ can be complemented by countries' national MPIs – as is already occurring. Using indicators of poverty relevant to their own specific contexts, the governments of Bhutan, Colombia, Chile, Malaysia and Mexico, as well as the state government of Minas Gerais in Brazil and Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam, have already launched such measures. Many others – including Pakistan, Philippines, Ecuador, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Tunisia and Vietnam – are in the process of developing theirs.
Global and national MPIs drive forward the emphasis on leaving no one behind because they can be disaggregated by states or provinces, and by other groups. They incentivise synergistic and integrated policies because they show which deprivations affect people at the same time. By identifying how and where people are poor, multidimensional poverty measures enable governments to allocate resources, and design targeted and integrated policy interventions more effectively. People's lives are complex and we need to take a joined up approach to fighting poverty.
Poverty goes beyond income – by next week that will be official. Now we must equip governments at the national level and the global community with the most effective tools for fighting it. National MPIs and a Global Multidimensional Poverty Index for the SDGs can complement income poverty measures and help energise a coordinated, effective and multi-sectoral attack on poverty in all its dimensions, driving forward real social change.
Sabina Alkire is Director of the Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative (OPHI), University of Oxford and the Oliver T. Carr Professor and Professor of Economics and International Affairs at George Washington University.
Vietnam moves to multidimensional approach to poverty reduction
Vietnam will move from one-dimensional poverty measurement to a multidimensional approach with a new programme approved by the Prime Minister for 2016-2020.
The country will adopt a national measure of multidimensional poverty, based on OPHI's Alkire-Foster method, which will show the disadvantages poor people face across five different areas:
- living conditions;
- income levels;
- access to education and healthcare;
- access to information; and
- access to insurance and social assistance.
Households that cannot meet over a third of their basic needs in these areas will be identified as multidimensionally poor, while those lacking more than half will be considered critically poor.
The new measure can be broken down to reveal what poverty is like in specific areas of the country and among different communities, helping policymakers to target their resources effectively and implement coordinated poverty-reduction initiatives.
In December 2014, Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam launched the first city-wide multidimensional poverty index. The measure revealed significant differences between income and multidimensional poverty. While only 0.1% of the city's population lives below Vietnam's national income poverty line, the MPI shows that 11.35% of people are multidimensionally poor.
The governments of Bhutan, Colombia, Chile, Malaysia and Mexico, as well as the state government of Minas Gerais in Brazil, have also already launched official multidimensional poverty measures using indicators of poverty relevant to their own specific contexts. Many others – including Pakistan, Philippines, Ecuador, El Salvador, Costa Rica and Tunisia – are in the process of developing such measures.
Further information
Find out more about the Multidimensional Poverty Peer Network, a group of over 40 countries and institutions that support the use of multidimensional poverty measures alongside traditional measures of income poverty at both the global and national levels.
Read about results from the Ho Chi Minh City MPI.
Photo credit: Cameron Thibos
Video: Poverty on the Table
Oxford-based theatre company Justice in Motion have produced a short play on behalf of OPHI, exploring the multidimensional layers of poverty. Watch a video of the performance below.
A high resolution version of this video is available to watch on YouTube.
Find out more about multidimensional poverty.
Measuring women's autonomy in Chad
Women in Chad are significantly less autonomous than men, according to a new study published in the OPHI Research in Progress series.
Researchers from OPHI and George Washington University used the Relative Autonomy Index (RAI) to assess men's and women's motivational autonomy in the Republic of Chad across eight different domains of life, including household activities such as cleaning or doing laundry, making major household purchases, participating in groups, and employment. The RAI directly measures the extent to which a person's motivation for his or her behaviour in a specific domain, or aspect of life, is autonomous as opposed to controlled.
Using a nationally representative dataset, the study found that women in Chad on average had less autonomous motivation in all eight domains compared to their male counterparts.
The researchers also investigated the relationship between women's autonomy and breastfeeding. They found that motivational autonomy at the community-level was associated with likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of a child's life. Women that live in clusters where other women have higher autonomy in household activities were on average more likely to exclusively breastfeed their children than women that live in more coerced environments.
In comparison, there was no significant positive association between breastfeeding and motivational autonomy at the individual level. The researchers suggest this indicates that in the Republic of Chad, motivational autonomy might work through mechanisms at the community rather than the individual level.
On average across the country, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of a child's life was 38.4%.
The study also explores the correlation between autonomy and indicators of psychological and subjective wellbeing. It found that relative autonomy was weakly correlated with psychological wellbeing, but had no clear relationship with subjective wellbeing – it was even negatively correlated with the indicators of overall life satisfaction and happiness.
Read the full paper
Measuring Women's Autonomy in Chad and its Associations with Breastfeeding Practices Using the Relative Autonomy Index, by Ana Vaz, Pierre Pratley and Sabina Alkire, was published in the OPHI Research in Progress series in August 2015.
Please note that OPHI Research in Progress papers are preliminary documents posted online to stimulate discussion and critical comment.
Applications invited for OPHI Training Course in Dakar, in collaboration with SESRIC and ISFD
OPHI, in collaboration with the Statistical, Economic and Social Research and Training Centre for Islamic Countries (SESRIC) and the Islamic Solidarity Fund for Development (ISFD), is inviting applications for a training course in Multidimensional Poverty Measurement that will be hosted in Dakar, Senegal.
The course will be taught in English, but will have simultaneous translation into French and Arabic.
The course will take place from 30 November-6 December, 2015. The purpose of this intensive training is to provide a thorough conceptual and technical introduction to some techniques of measuring multidimensional poverty with a strong emphasis on the Alkire Foster method. The empirical motivation for measuring multidimensional poverty will be presented as well as the conceptual motivation, drawing on Amartya Sen's capability approach.
Applicants are warmly invited to apply by completing the application form which is available by clicking HERE. The closing date for applications is 25 September 2015, and participants will be informed of selection from 30 September.
**N.B. please forward all relevant attachments to email@example.com
Further information
More details on the course and a draft agenda are available here. Any further enquiries can be directed to Julia Zulver (firstname.lastname@example.com).
The training courses is addressed to those who are working on, or actively interested in gaining skills in, multidimensional poverty measurement, particularly, professionals, government officials, academics, and post-graduate students. Other applicants having a demonstrated research interest in empirical analysis in these topics will be considered on the basis of their experience and space availability.
- A demonstrable knowledge of STATA is an absolute pre-requisite for attending the course. Every attendant to the training course will need to have STATA 10 or higher installed in his/her laptop. The software is not provided by the organizers
- Where possible, participants should have a strong knowledge in quantitative methods (e.g. econometrics, statistics, etc), and a strong interest in poverty measurement and analysis.
UNGA high-level side event: Anchoring a Global Multidimensional Poverty Index within the SDGs
High-level side event at the UN General Assembly, New York
27 September 2015, Conference Room 3 (CR3), 1:15-2:45 pm
At this critical juncture in the process of finalising how the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will be measured, this event will show the importance of embedding a multidimensional measure of poverty within the new framework. Specifically, it will stress how a global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), as a core (tier one) indicator within the SDGs, can energise a coordinated, effective and multi-sectoral attack on poverty in all its dimensions (and thus help to measure Target 1.2 of the SDGs).
Distinguished speakers at the event include:
- H. E. Mr. Luis Guillermo Solís Rivera, President of Costa Rica
- H. E. Mr. Tshering Tobgay, Prime Minister of Bhutan
- H. E. Mr. Juan Orlando Hernández, President of Honduras
- H.E. Mr. Kenny Anthony, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia
- H. E. Rafael Correa, President of Ecuador (tbc)
- South Africa
- H. E. Mr. Wu Hongbo, Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations
- Tatyana Orozco de la Cruz, Director of the Department for Social Prosperity of Colombia
- Marcos Barraza Gómez, Minister of Social Development of Chile
- H. E. Dr. Arsenio Balisacan, Socioeconomic Planning Secretary of the Philippines
- Dr. Savas Alpay, Chief Economist of the Islamic Development Bank
The event is organised by the Republic of Costa Rica with the support of the Multidimensional Poverty Peer Network (MPPN), of which OPHI acts as Secretariat. The MPPN is a South-South network of more than 40 governments and institutions that is championing the use of multidimensional poverty measures alongside traditional income measures at both the national and global levels. These governments include China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa and Vietnam among many others.
The diverse participants within the MPPN endorse the use of the global MPI for the SDGs and the use of national, regional and sub-national MPIs as a powerful policy tools for enhanced poverty reduction, with the ability to illuminate the state and progress of marginalised groups.
For more information or to RSVP please email email@example.com. Please note that security for the event will be tight as the event is taking place during the Summit to Adopt the SDGs. Please be advised that attendance must be confirmed by Thursday 24 September. All attendees must provide their full first name and surname. Further details and security screening will be given after your confirmation. Please note that even those participants with a UN Ground Pass need to be included in the attendance list.
IMF podcast: Painting a Better Picture of Poverty
Director of OPHI Sabina Alkire is interviewed in the International Monetary Fund's Survey Magazine podcast series.
The podcast explores how the Multidimensional Poverty Index reflects the overlapping disadvantages poor people can experience at the same time, highlighting how it can be used to inform more effective poverty-reduction strategies.
Listen to the podcast on the IMF website.
Video: Poverty in El Salvador from the perspective of the protagonists
The video reveals that for those living in poverty in El Salvador, poverty means deprivations in housing, access to work, education, surroundings, health, food, security, and income.
Based on the experiences of poor people themselves, dimensions and deprivations of poverty have been identified to build a multidimensional poverty index to measure poverty in El Salvador.
OPHI holds annual summer school on multidimensional poverty in Washington, D.C.
OPHI's annual summer school on multidimensional poverty analysis was hosted at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. from 3-15 August 2015.
67 people from more than 30 countries took part in the intensive two-week course, including researchers as well as policymakers and technical experts from government offices around the world.
The course was led by OPHI researchers and taught from OPHI's recently published book, Multidimensional Poverty Measurement & Analysis. It aimed to provide participants with a thorough conceptual and technical introduction to techniques of measuring multidimensional poverty, with a strong emphasis on the Alkire Foster method.
Materials from the summer school, including videos and presentations, will be available on the OPHI website soon.
Further information
Visit multidimensionalpoverty.org for more information about OPHI's book, including electronic chapters and resources.
To keep up to date with information on next year's summer school, sign up for OPHI's e-newsletter.
Sustainable Development Agenda to include goal on multidimensional poverty
Goal 1 of the Sustainable Development Goals proposes to reduce poverty in all its dimensions
A goal to reduce multidimensional poverty has been accepted as part of the sustainable development agenda to be adopted by the UN in September 2015. 193 governments announced their consensus on the agenda on Sunday 2 August. Their shared vision for the future of sustainable development, which includes 17 goals and 169 targets, is described in the document "Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development".
The declaration of the 193 countries reads:
"We recognise that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development".
"We are determined to end poverty and hunger, in all their forms and dimensions, and to ensure that all human beings can fulfil their potential in dignity and equality and in a healthy environment".
The goal:
Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere
Goal 1.2. By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions.
Measuring progress
To monitor progress towards the goal, OPHI and the Multidimensional Poverty Peer Network (MPPN) are calling for an integrated measure of multidimensional poverty – the Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2015+ – to be included as an indicator in the SDGs.
The Global MPI 2015+ would reflect the overlapping disadvantages that each poor person experiences at the same time – this could include, for example, poor sanitation, malnutrition, gender discrimination, poor quality of work, or violence. It could be broken down to show what poverty is like in different areas of a country, or among different groups of the population, enabling governments to better target their resources and combat poverty more effectively.
Further information
Read more about the consensus on the Sustainable Development Agenda and see a copy of the draft agreement for adoption.
Find out more about the Global MPI 2015+ and governments that have already adopted official national measures of multidimensional poverty.
Disparities between monetary and multidimensional poverty: Evidence from Vietnam
People who are poor according to monetary poverty measures are not always multidimensionally poor, a new study published in the OPHI working paper series has found.
The researchers used panel household survey data in Vietnam from 2007, 2008 and 2010 to analyse the prevalence and dynamics of both multidimensional and monetary poverty. Using the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), a measure of poverty that accounts for multiple deprivations experienced by the poor across health, education and living standards, they compared the level of multidimensional poverty in Vietnam with the level of monetary poverty (set at the cut-off of $1.67 a day).
Their findings revealed that among those who are monetary poor (16.3% of the population), only a third are also multidimensionally poor (5.5% of the population).
The results show a large disparity between monetary and multidimensional measures of poverty, including variation across different groups of the population depending on households' characteristics and their access to markets. Those who have better access to markets and public services benefit more from economic growth and are more likely to see a decline in monetary poverty, while their performance in the multidimensional measure is less impressive.
The authors note that this implies the results of economic growth are transferred more directly to the reduction in income poverty during the early years of development. They argue that the increase in income is necessary but not sufficient for the improvements in other indicators of poverty, which usually require a longer amount of time and additional efforts.
The study found that people from a less educated background, for example where the head of the household has no schooling or primary education only, are more likely to be poor according to both the monetary and multidimensional measures of poverty. They also experience a higher intensity of poverty.
The research also revealed a greater decrease in monetary poverty than multidimensional poverty over time. In particular, the poor made faster progress but with more fluctuations in monetary rather than multidimensional poverty. Conversely, the non-poor experienced more fluctuations and download mobility in indicators of multidimensional poverty.
The researchers emphasise that poverty reduction policies should pay explicit attention to improving non-income indicators of poverty, which have shown slower progress.
Read the full paper
'Static and Dynamic Disparities between Monetary and Multidimensional Poverty Measurement: Evidence from Vietnam', by Van Q. Tran, Sabina Alkire and Stephan Klasen, was published in the OPHI working paper series in August 2015.
Also published as a chapter in Measurement of Poverty, Deprivation and Economic Mobility.
Further information
Find out about the Global Multidimensional Poverty Index and results from the 2015 annual updates.
OPHI research reveals significant changes in multidimensional poverty over time
Multidimensional poverty levels have significantly decreased in recent years, a new study from the Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative (OPHI) suggests.
The researchers analysed figures from the Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), an internationally comparable measure of acute poverty in over 100 developing countries that reflects the overlapping disadvantages poor people can face across different areas of their lives.
Their analysis focused on 34 countries, covering 2.5 billion people or 37% of the world's population, where comparable data is available across time. Data ranges from 1998/9 to 2012, and the time period for each country ranges between 2 and 12 years depending on the frequency of data collection.
The findings revealed that 31 out of the 34 countries analysed significantly reduced multidimensional poverty over two or three time periods. Nepal, Rwanda, Ghana, and Tanzania were the best performers in reducing MPI overall, while Armenia, the Dominican Republic and Bolivia saw the fastest poverty reductions in relative terms. 28 of the 34 countries analysed also reduced extreme poverty – destitution.
The researchers looked at changes in both the incidence of poverty and the intensity of poverty that poor people experience. They found that most countries reduced poverty relatively through a decrease in incidence – the percentage of people who are multidimensionally poor. In Ethiopia and Niger, however, the MPI was mainly reduced by a decrease in the intensity of deprivation among the poor.
The results showed significant changes in all of the ten poverty indicators that make up the Global MPI. Deprivation in nutrition reduced the most in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America & the Caribbean, while education indicators reduced most in South Asia.
The researchers also looked at changes in poverty in 338 regions within 31 of the countries analysed, as well as among ethnic groups in 3 countries. In total, 208 regions, representing 78% of the sample, showed a statistically significant reduction in MPI. In 9 out of the 31 countries, the poorest region experienced the fasted reduction.
Among ethnic groups, poverty reduced more slowly in Benin, leading to an increase in inequality among the poor. In Ghana, poverty among ethnic groups reduced at a similar rate, while Kenya's MPI reduction greatly decreased disparities between ethnic groups.
In addition, the study revealed that the relationships between the pace of multidimensional poverty reduction and the decrease in the number of people living on less than £1.25 a day were variable, suggesting that both multidimensional and monetary poverty measures merit separate analysis.
Download the full paper
'Changes over time in multidimensional poverty: Methodology and results for 34 Countries', by Sabina Alkire, José Manuel Roche and Ana Vaz, was published in the OPHI working paper series in July 2015.
Further information
Find out more about the Global Multidimensional Poverty Index and findings from the 2015 annual updates.
UNDP blog post: The poor by any other name
What urban poverty studies in Viet Nam might tell us about the changing face of Asian poverty
By Richard Marshall, Nguyen Bui Linh and Sarah Reed, UNDP
Reblogged from UNDP in Asia and the Pacific
Roughly 54 per cent of the world's population now lives in cities, with Asia and Africa urbanizing faster than other regions. Urbanization is generally seen as a route to rising prosperity and better living standards. But critical researchers like David Sattherthwaite and Diana Mitlin argue that standard ways of measuring poverty underplays its significant scale.
The risks? Without a complete understanding of the nature and scope of urban poverty, policymakers may fail to prioritize and worse still, lack the tools to tackle it. This, even as more and more people move to cities in search of jobs, better schools for their children, more security and better public services among a laundry list of benefits conflated with life in the cities.
Since 2009, the United Nations Development Programme has worked with Viet Nam's Ho Chi Minh City authorities to assess poverty using the Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index (MPI) a lens that is less susceptible to the shortcomings that more traditional yardsticks are riddled with.
Developed by the globally-acclaimed poverty gurus Sabina Alkire and James Foster, the MPI allows us to measure the extent and intensity of poverty by unpacking the deprivations that manifest themselves to make an individual or family 'poor' (e.g. health, education, and living standards), rather by looking simply at amount of money households earn or spend.
OPHI's Sabina Alkire and James Foster to serve on World Bank's Commission on Global Poverty
OPHI Director Sabina Alkire and Research Associate James Foster will serve on the World Bank's Commission on Global Poverty.
The new Commission will be chaired by Sir Tony Atkinson, member of the OPHI Advisory Committee.
The Commission's mandate is to report on the best ways to measure and monitor poverty and deprivation around the world. More about the Commission on Global Poverty.
New blog post: Seeing Poverty Up Close
A new blog post from OPHI's Sabina Alkire explores how the recent updates of the Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) provide a detailed picture of poverty, revealing the multiple disadvantages experienced by the poor across different regions of countries.
It highlights how the Global MPI can be broken down to reveal which regions and groups are poorest, and which are reducing poverty the fastest, providing a detailed map that enables policymakers to target resources and initiatives effectively.
Read the full blog post on 'Debating Development', a blog from the University of Oxford's Department of International Development.
Monthly Archives
Latest news from the Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative


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Mystic GTA IV trailer debuts on Xbox 360
By - Source: Tom's Hardware | 0 comment
New York (NY) - The high definition debut of the Grand Theft Auto series will take place in the publisher's home town of New York City. For the first time, a video of GTA IV made its way to public eyes on the Xbox 360 Video Marketplace at midnight.
The trailer, slightly longer than a minute, has a mysterious voice-over as the camera pans over distinguishable NYC landmarks. The video is presented in high definition, a first for the popular open-ended street shooter franchise.
The game is due out this October for the Xbox 360 and PS3.
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the more ou explain the better
Show transcribed image text
the more ou explain the better
Show transcribed image text A mathematical, non linear, model of a pendulum consisting of a "weightless" bar and "point maw" can be written as: The linear, perturbation, model about the two equilibrium points, theta0 = 0' and 180'. yields the following linear differential equations that model the pendulum dynamics: where deltatheta is a small variation about the equilibrium point a) Find the plant transfer functions. . for both equilibrium conditions where and T(s) = L {T(t)} and assuming all initial conditions are zero. b) Determine the poles of each plant transfer function in terms of g, m and r and discuss their open loop stability. With g/r =1 sec-2 and mr2 = 1 kg-m2, locate the poles on the complex s- plane for both cases. c) We add a controller to the pendulum that provides a torque control effort and uses the measured angular position as the feedback variable in a unity feedback control system. The sketch shows the control configuration. The control compensator is given as: Using the Routh-Hurwitz stability criteria, determine the range of K that will make both equilibrium cases stable in closed loop with g/r = 1 sec-2 and mr2 =1 kg-m2.


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Issues: sidewalk
Poorly barricaded construction site ► Archived124 Morris Street Jersey City, NJ 07302, USA
A plot of gutted / razed land on the north side of Essex between Van Vorst & Warren is poorly barricaded from a trafficked residential sidewalk. There is no true fence barricading the sidewalk from the huge excavated pit; it is instead just orange plastic mesh, one side of which is held up by a huge steel plank that is simply leaned against the wall of the adjacent property's building.
A 2-3 foot wide hole that leads down to the pit is actually not even fenced in 5"(the mesh does not fence it in).
The site needs to be better barricaded. I assume there are rules around this? If not, please at least check it out and consider the risk to kids in the area.· Reported by Brigid D'Souza · Share · Flag Flagged
- View all 5 Comments
Brigid D'Souza (Registered User)Large hole leading into construction pit is not barricaded in and is perfect size for small child or pet to fall/climb into
Brigid D'Souza (Registered User)Hi- Has this been sent to the RRC?
Stephen Musgrave (Registered User)Just sent to RRC.
Closed LittleBee (Registered User)Building is up and running.
Graffiti on sidewalk corner of Grove/2nd ► Archived379 Manila Ave Jersey City, NJ 07302, USAGraffiti on sidewalk corner of Grove/2nd. Southwest corner. 381 Grove· Reported by Stephen Musgrave · Share · Flag Flagged
- View all 6 Comments
Closed Stephen Musgrave (Registered User)Gone
Reopened Stephen Musgrave (Registered User)Reopening. Still there.
Stephen Musgrave (Registered User)Reported to JCIA as a part of the Harsimus Cove Association's graffiti audit.
Closed Stephen Musgrave (Registered User)Stale. Closing.
3 VotesFix it! Voted!
icy, unshoveled sidewalk, part 2 ► Open223 1st Street Jersey City, New Jersey
The Gannon joins their construction neighbors across the street in neglecting to clear the sidewalk, leaving a slushy, treacherous mess.
As these two sites sit directly across from one-another, anyone who doesn't want to walk through inches-deep slush must walk down the middle of First Street.· Reported by First Streeter · Share · Flag Flagged
Jessica (Registered User)Typically contemptuous behavior from Pronti.
2 VotesFix it! Voted!
icy, unshoveled sidewalk ► Open222 1st Street Jersey City, New Jersey
The construction site at 222 First Street, between Grove and Erie, already blocks half of the sidewalk with a chain link fence.
Now they've left the other half a slushy mess, which will only get more treacherous as temperatures drop.· Reported by First Streeter · Share · Flag Flagged
Jessica (Registered User)Don't forget the broken sidewalk that remains on the other side of the fence. I have reported it to the RRC several times to no avail.
Sign Post Stump on Sidewalk (W. Side of Warren Street @ Montgomery St.) ► Archived255 Warren Street Jersey City, NJThere is a metal post stump sticking out of the sidewalk, left from a sign that was taken down; on the west side of Warren St. at Montgomery St. The snow now partially covering it, someone can trip & seriously injure themselves.· Reported by JC Anthony · Share · Flag Flagged
- View all 7 Comments
JC Anthony (Registered User)
Stephen Musgrave (Registered User)JC Anthony: The city does not monitor this website. You can log it by calling the RRC at (201) 547-4900. Ask for a case ID and then provide it in a comment here so that anybody can follow-up on it. Thanks!
JC Anthony (Registered User)Reported; case ID: WO33389-052714
Closed JC Anthony (Registered User)Finally taken care of after numerous calls to the RRC & them saying that the person assigned to this would take care of it that day (of course it was taken care of) until finally they had to call the person's Director to make sure it was taken care of. Sometimes you have to be a pain in the @#$% with the city to get results.
4 VotesFix it! Voted!
In front of 385 Manila - Open hole in sidewalk ► Open401-499 Manila Avenue Jersey City, NJ 07302, USAOpen hole (says 'water cf-b' on the collar)
- View all 5 Comments
someone else (Registered User)hole is still open
someone else (Registered User)hole is still open
someone else (Registered User)Issue has not been resolved
someone else (Registered User)isse has not been resolved
56 Erie street -can HCA leave a note for residents of 56 Erie street to not t... ► Archived60 Erie Street Jersey City, NJ 07302, USA
Closed someone else (Registered User)close
Trash piling up on sidewalk. ► Archived612 Jersey Ave612 jersey avenue - residents have been using this area, at the rear of their property, as a trash pit
- View all 12 Comments
someone else (Registered User)is JCIA looking at these photos?
someone else (Registered User)
someone else (Registered User)
Closed someone else (Registered User)Closed
Broken sidewalk whole block ► Archived360-398 Manila Ave Jersey City, NJ 07302, USAThe sidewalk on Manila Avenue between 1st and 2nd Street is all broken up and extremely hazardous.· Reported by Annie · Share · Flag Flagged
- View all 12 Comments
Closed gmanniek (Registered User)Happy!
Charles Kessler (Registered User)At last!
Stephen Musgrave (Registered User)One for the ages.
Charles Kessker (Guest)Candice rocks!
bananas? ► Archived212-216 3rd Street Jersey City, NJ 07302, USAThere are 11 rotting bananas on the sidewalk on morgan street...not really sure about this one· Reported by Trey · Share · Flag Flagged
Stephen Musgrave (Registered User)You're bananas!!
m2thef (Registered User)Ice…bananas…tomorrow there'll be an oil slick.
Closed Trey (Registered User)adfs


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After getting arrested with her husband, T.I. , on Wednesday night for possession of a controlled substance, Tameka "Tiny" Cottle took to Twitter to thank fans for the e-support.
"Jus wanted 2say thank u 2every1 dats been leaving encouraging msgs & prayers!" Tiny tweeted on Thursday (September 2). "We love u guys:) going 2bed now! So glad 2b n a nice clean bed."
Tiny and her new hubby were picked up in Los Angeles after police stopped T.I. (born Clifford Harris Jr.) around 10:30 p.m. for making an illegal U-turn in his Maybach, according to a spokesperson for the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department. When the officers approached the vehicle, they apparently smelled the scent of marijuana wafting from the car and then searched the passengers and the automobile. Police said they found an unspecified number of pills that "resembled ecstasy."
T.I. and Tiny were not traveling alone but the Sheriff's Department spokesperson said the other passengers in the car were not charged with a crime. The duo posted $10,000 bail each and were released early Thursday morning. They are due in court on Friday (September 3).
Other celebs have weighed in on the alleged drug bust as well. 50 Cent suggested that Tiny take the fall for Tip, who was released from prison earlier this year after completing a jail bid stemming from weapons charges.
"Man TI and tiny done got picked up agin for methamphetmines and ecstacy dam man," 50 tweeted. "Tiny gotta take that charge. Say it was yours, Baby."
Frequent T.I. collaborator DJ Drama did not directly reference the arrests, but did tweet, "So I wake up to the news …. damn…"
The incident comes just days after T.I. kicked off the week with the #1 movie in the country, "Takers," a film he worked on as both a star and a producer . In addition, the ATL MC's latest single, "Pledge Allegiance to the Swag," surfaced on the Web on Wednesday.


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