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Shapeways: Bring your creativity to life in 3D http://www.shapeways.com/forum/index.php Shapeways: Bring your creativity to life in 3D WSF building for max BB http://www.shapeways.com/forum/index.php?t=rview&goto=60135&th=12386#msg_60135 <![CDATA[so for large objects we kindly have the following shapeways offer:

 We also offer a volume and density discount on Strong & Flexible materials. For models that are greater than 10% dense (material volume divided by bounding box volume), after the first 20cm3, the remaining volume is calculated with a 50% discount.

 so lets say i am a nut and want to fill the max BB for WSF

 btw here we have max height of 65cm:
 http://www.shapeways.com/materials/strong-flexible

 and here its 66cm:
 http://www.shapeways.com/materials/material-options

 but lets work with 65, so 65*55*35 = 125125
 10% from that is: ~12 512
 times 1.4 for the price = ~ 17516

 so to get that generous 50% discount i have to first caught up 17500...

 thats, well... mildly put unreasonable, so we now have only 3 options:

 1
 never build anything big, accept that this tech is still very early and that we have to wait a few more years before we can really create stuff that has more purpose than just being decorative. I am not trying to troll, there is gorgeous stuff out there and i have nothing but the deepest respect for those designers but currently most printed stuff is something that is gonna lie somewhere and collect dust and for this tech to shine it has to have at least minimal industrial applications, and i am not talking about prototyping (although 17000 is also not always feasible). Macro economically speaking It has to generate surplus value, as far as i can tell, right now it doesn't.

 2
 buy a good consumer printer and design something that can be assembled with many parts, like lego and pray the thing does not brake at the joints and learn to live with the lower detail

 3
 design something that uses least amount of material possible but at the same time has enough stability to achieve its function, this is natures grand design and is called perfection, actually very interesting limitations that could revolutionize how we build stuff, but i am not so sure shapeways will be very happy with an object that costs 200 dollars but takes up the entire BB (imagine 0.7mm lattice that prevents many other customers objects to be printed in the same run)

 4
 the reason for this rant:
 shapeway makes some leeway for people who want to exploit the max BB of WSF,
 maybe a high handling fee in exchange for lower $ per cm3

 Dont get me wrong, shapeway makes an amazing pioneering job but i think i express many peoples desire to push the envelope and i am curious to hear other peoples thoughts, maybe i am missing something?

 But dammit, i want to be able to print my own car / plane / spaceship and i know you all want that aswell!
 ]]> rusalkin 2013-01-13T17:14:39-00:00 Re: WSF building for max BB http://www.shapeways.com/forum/index.php?t=rview&goto=60145&th=12386#msg_60145 <![CDATA[Not sure where you're headed here.

 Yes, 3D printing is not cheap.
 No, 3D printing is not only for decorative objects - growse the Gadgets gallery to find plenty of examples,
 And as an aside, I've an up-n-coming product line that is comparable on price point to traditionally made items, but using WSF has huge advantages (no I won't say what those are as that may give away the product line) and I got the idea because of what I had to do to the original traditionally made item. The prototypes are already in, just waiting on some funding to buy in the first set and then... World Domination!

 Seriously though, it sound like you've 'just discovered' 3D printing, know the capabilities and there's just do much that can be done that you don't know where to start. If this is the case, start with some small stuff, find the limitations of the materials and then you can go from there.

 Personally, I'd rather have a wooden car than a 3D printed car

 Have fun,
 Paul

stop4stuff Modeller for hireShapeways Shop - Controller PendantTwitterYouTube

]]> stop4stuff 2013-01-13T19:21:35-00:00 Re: WSF building for max BB http://www.shapeways.com/forum/index.php?t=rview&goto=60151&th=12386#msg_60151 <![CDATA[I am very intrigued
 since mass produced items are usually cheaper than printed ones

 pls be sure to let us know when your product is out
 ]]> rusalkin 2013-01-13T19:40:25-00:00


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In his circles
20 people
Prakash hasn't shared anything with you.
People are more likely to share with you if you add them to your circles.
CuteStat.com - Website Stats and Website Valuation
Website Stats and Valuation. CuteStat.com is a web service for Website Owners, Webmasters and General Internet Users to retrieve information
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Oops been a while since watching the OZ joint but glad you have my back on the shoes and the quote..lol
June 7, 2014 BY John Kim / 3
The OG Pumps that Dee Brown rocked are best recognized by the Black colorway, but the White version deserved just as much of that distinction. We've seen the Black pair of the Reebok Pump Omni Lite hit stores several times over the last few years, but it's time for the clean White leather rendition to join the fray. These classic Reebok sneakers are available now at retailers so check out the photos below because you can snag your pair at spots like Extra Butter.
Filed under: Just Released Reebok
Tags: Reebok Pump Omni Lite
Oops been a while since watching the OZ joint but glad you have my back on the shoes and the quote..lol
DEFINITION OF CLASSICS!! TIN MAN COP FOR ME (no brainer). THESE WILL COMPLETE MY HOME AND AWAY OG PUMP OMNI SET. RESPECTABLE PRICE TOO. TRUE SNEAKERHEADS REJOICE!!
Actually that would be the Scarecrow. The Tin Man didn't have a heart. Dope shoes nonetheless. My pair should be here any day now.


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Store your household items in this beautiful four-drawer piece.
Safavieh Dodger 4-Drawer Side Table
Currently Out of Stock
Product Number: 835799p
Crafted from sturdy birch wood, our Dodger side table is built to last. It's frame has a classic finish, while its top and front drawer panels are richly finished. This gives the Dodger side table a warm and chic feel. Its perfect for any room. Drawers measure 16.9" L x 3.9" H. Assembly required.
Dimensions: 20" L x 14" W x 29" H; 26 lbs.
Dimensions: 20" L x 14" W x 29" H; 26 lbs.
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Topic: Cannes Festival
Mark Zuckerberg's dream of an open world
By Adweek Blogs on Jun. 23, 2010 - 9:27 AM EDT
By Brian Morrissey Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg took to the stage in a packed auditorium here in Cannes to explain where he sees the world going. It's going to be a…
VIDEO: Outdoor jury president Tay Guan Hin
By Adweek Blogs on Jun. 23, 2010 - 9:03 AM EDT
Adweek's Barbara Lippert speaks with Outdoor jury president Tay Guan Hin, regional ecd of JWT Asia, about this year's Grand Prix winners. Video after the jump.
VIDEO: Jeff Goodby and Yahoo!'s Elisa Steele
By Adweek Blogs on Jun. 23, 2010 - 8:42 AM EDT
Goodby, Silverstein & Partners' Jeff Goodby and Yahoo! CMO Elisa Steele talk with Brian Morrissey about how Yahoo! learns about its users, the goals and results of its latest…
Full winners lists: Radio, Outdoor, Media
By Adweek Blogs on Jun. 23, 2010 - 6:17 AM EDT
Radio Lions: WinnersOutdoor Lions: WinnersMedia Lions: Winners
VIDEO: Adweek's Brian Morrissey at Cannes
By Adweek Blogs on Jun. 23, 2010 - 6:10 AM EDT
Porter Novelli, which is tracking Cannes trending topics for us in the sidebar of this site, interviewed our digital editor Brian Morrissey earlier this week at the festival. In…
Outdoor Grand Prix winners: Anomaly New York for Diesel, Saatchi Argentina for Andes beer
By Adweek Blogs on Jun. 22, 2010 - 3:30 PM EDT
By Eleftheria Parpis By Eleftheria Parpis The Outdoor Lions jury awarded two Grand Prix for the first time ever this year, recognizing one ambient execution and one traditional poster campaign at…
Media Grand Prix goes to Leo Burnett Sydney for 'EOS Photochains' Canon campaign
By Adweek Blogs on Jun. 22, 2010 - 3:29 PM EDT
By Brian Morrissey Leo Burnett in Sydney took home the Media Grand Prix here at Cannes tonight for its "EOS Photochains" work for Canon Australia. The jury praised the campaign…
No Grand Prix given in Radio; Euro RSCG wins four golds for Dos Equis ads
By Adweek Blogs on Jun. 22, 2010 - 3:28 PM EDT
By Barbara Lippert No Grand Prix was given at the Radio Lions here in Cannes on Tuesday night. But in a strong showing, American agencies earned eight gold Lions—with…
Jeff Goodby introduces the world to Jeff Badby
By Adweek Blogs on Jun. 22, 2010 - 12:50 PM EDT
By Brian Morrissey Goodby, Silverstein & Partners ad legend Jeff Goodby revealed onstage today that he's a tweeter. Being an ad guy, he did some promotion to goose up his…
Cannes Lions TV: 14 interviews and seminars
By Adweek Blogs on Jun. 22, 2010 - 12:36 PM EDT
Cannes Lions are doing their own videos throughout the festival, which we'll be embedding here on RealTimeCannes. After the jump, check out 14 videos they've done so far, including…


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New London - It's said that when one door closes, another one opens. In the City of New London, the same can be said for restaurants.
Candance Devendittis is having a grand re-opening of Dev's on Bank Street Monday after moving her tapas eatery into an old Chinese restaurant at 357 Bank St., just next door to her old location at 345 Bank.
Steve "Stash" Schiavone, who owns the building at 345 Bank where Dev's was located for five years, said he's using the space for private parties this summer but plans to re-open with a new restaurant next fall.
And Scott Capano recently purchased a more than 200-year-old building at 158 State St. that has been home to a variety of restaurants over the years. He plans to open a smokehouse and restaurant.
"Everything is tentative,'' said Capano, who also is spending about $1.5 million to renovate a 100-year-old building at 130 Bank St., where he will open a version of his Norwich Harp & Dragon Irish pub sometime next year.
On State Street, inside the historic three-story wooden building that was home to the Timothy Green Print Shop more than 200 years ago, Capano wants to install multiple smokers and offer smoked cheese, ribs, brisket, chicken and bacon. He said he is planning a retail operation to sell the smoked goods as well as a restaurant. He wants to name it the "State Street Saloon and Smokehouse."
Capano plans to capitalize on the history of the building, which dates back to Colonial times. It was where the first newspaper in Connecticut was published.
He hopes to be open by June, pending the receipt of any required permits or approvals.
Capano also will start construction on the Irish pub on Bank Street this summer with a tentative opening in the summer of 2014.
Devendittis said the decor of her new space is more modern than that of her former location, which for years was known as "Ye Old Tavern" and was a favorite spot for locals.
"It's like a little touch of New York in New London,'' she said of the new space.
Schiavone said he plans to renovate his building and expects to open some kind of eatery in the fall.
"It'll be something different,'' said Schiavone, who also owns the On the Waterfront restaurant on Pequot Avenue.
With news that the Coast Guard Museum may be coming downtown, and that construction may start soon on housing in Fort Trumbull, Devendittis said it's an exciting time for New London.
"We're so excited,'' she said. "We're like little kids running around happy."
Fiorillo to coach East Lyme High School girls' basketball team
Niantic Bay Boardwalk, after "perseverance and persistence," rededicated Saturday
Norwich school facilities committee nearing deadline to make major decisions
Fentanyl-related overdose deaths projected to increase significantly
Joseph LaDuke reflects on his recovery from heroin addiction


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Rockets up intensity, but lose 105-102 to Thunder
OKLAHOMA CITY Russell Westbrook slammed his hand on the scorer's table in anger. He had been slowing down to call a timeout when rookie Patrick Beverley came careening in to try for a steal and crashed into Westbrook's knee.
Oklahoma City's guard shook off the pain and the Thunder withstood a challenge from an energized Houston Rockets team looking to bounce back from a Game 1 blowout.
Westbrook and Kevin Durant scored 29 points apiece, and Oklahoma City recovered after squandering a 15-point, fourth-quarter lead to beat Houston 105-102 on Wednesday night and take a 2-0 lead in the Western Conference first-round series.
"It's the playoffs," Westbrook said. "You can't help it. You can't help but get excited."
Oklahoma City's big lead melted away with nine straight scoreless possessions as the Rockets mixed in a zone defense. James Harden spearheaded a 21-2 Houston comeback by getting into the lane to create his own opportunities, and he also kicked the ball out to set up two 3-pointers by Carlos Delfino. His second 3, from the right wing, provided a 95-91 lead with 3:27 to go.
But the Rockets couldn't keep it up.
Oklahoma City came back to tie it before Harden knifed to the basket for a layup to give Houston its last lead at 97-95 with 2:42 to play.
Durant answered 14 seconds later with a deep 3 from the left wing, and the Thunder wouldn't give up the lead again. Oklahoma City came up with back-to-back stops before Thabo Sefolosha's 3 provided a little breathing room at 101-97.
Chandler Parsons, who went tumbling to the court as Sefolosha shot, said Oklahoma City center Kendrick Perkins prevented him from closing out on the shooter.
"It was obvious what Perkins did to me. He grabbed me with two hands and I couldn't go out there and contest Sefolosha," Parsons said. "It's part of the game."
Serge Ibaka added a long jumper to make it 103-98 after the Rockets forced Durant to give up the ball. Durant and Kevin Martin, both in the top five in the league in free-throw percentage, both went 1 for 2 at the foul line in the final 12 seconds to give the Rockets one last chance.
Houston didn't have any timeouts left after Durant's miss with 1 second left, and Delfino couldn't connect on a desperation shot at the buzzer.
"It's frustrating and it hurts really bad right now," said Parsons, who scored 17. "But you've got to take some positives out of it. It's a long series."
Game 3 is Saturday night in Houston.
Harden finished with 36 points and 11 rebounds, and Beverley had 16 points, 12 rebounds and six assists for Houston. The Rockets made up for a 40 percent shooting mark with a 57-40 advantage on the boards and a 50-30 scoring edge in the paint, engineering a massive turnaround after getting blown out 120-91 in Game 1.
And they did it without starting point guard Jeremy Lin, who didn't play in the second half because of a muscle contusion in his chest. Lin said X-rays were negative and he could play in Game 3 if spasms stop.
"Our team is a young team and we're not a perfect team by any stretch of the imagination, but they'll fight," coach Kevin McHale said. "They're a bunch of scrappers. They'll go out and fight you for it. So, I knew our team would play well today. That's who they are."
Beverley moved into the starting lineup as Houston went with a three-guard unit, and it didn't take long for the rookie to get under Westbrook's skin with his lunge for the steal.


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T&T moving to tackle passport fraudsters
(Trinidad Express) Upgrades to the immigration system to assist with the detection of fraudulent passports and other travel documents is set to begin by January next year.
The technological improvements, which were approved by Cabinet in October include linking of the local Integrated Border Management System (IBMS) to the international Electronic Documentation Information System of Network (EDISON), which contains images of over 3,000 genuine and fake travel document samples from over 200 countries.
The database is expected to be used for verifying the security features of fraudulent passports.
In a release from the Ministry of National Security on Friday, Minister Jack Warner said to date "there have been no detected cases of counterfeiting or tampering with Trinidad and Tobago machine-readable passports, there have been attacks on the systems in other countries. Identity theft and the use of fraudulent documents are major components of the transnational crime problem. Therefore the upgrade of our technology will keep us ahead of the fraudsters where the T&T passports are concerned and will also assist in protecting against crimes involving the use of passports and travel documents from other countries."
"The Immigration Division is already able to trace lost and stolen passports through a linkage with the Interpol Lost and Stolen Travel Documents Database. By linking to the EDISON system we will be able to better detect persons attempting to use fraudulent or counterfeit documents to enter Trinidad and Tobago or any of the other 200 countries that are in the EDISON network".


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Next to Nirvana
There is little doubt that Myanmar, the former British colony once known as Burma, is rapidly changing. Left behind by its Southeast Asian neighbours after over two decades of military rule, Myanmar is now opening up to the world, yet the deep spirituality that remains the centre of daily life is still intact. One can't help but feel that the longer you stay, the closer you can get to enlightenment.
Words & Photography: Abby Yao
Brought to You by CIMB. ASEAN for You.
Passage to Myanmar
From the golden pagodas that dominate the skyline in Yangon, and the vast plains of Bagan dotted with thousands of temples and ruins, to the languid waters of Inle Lake where fishermen row boats using their legs, Myanmar is still a mystery to many and an exotic destination that has only recently opened up to world travellers.
Words & Photography: Adam Lee
Oh My Laos!
Muslim Friendly Indochina Blog Contest Winner Gan Keat Hon shares his experiences in marvellous Laos.
Images: AirAsia
The Heart of Sichuan
China is a vast land and there remains pockets of the country that are largely unexplored and cut off from the rest of the world. Dege in Sichuan Province, Southwest China, is one such outpost and relects the true, untouched heart of the country.
Words & Photography: Maria Visconti
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Chronology for Mayans in Mexico
|Minorities at Risk Project
|Publication Date
|Cite as
|Minorities at Risk Project, Chronology for Mayans in Mexico, 2004, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/469f38bc13.html [accessed 28 May 2016]
|This is not a UNHCR publication. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do not necessarily reflect those of UNHCR, the United Nations or its Member States.
|The Guardias Blancas tortured and killed hundreds of Mayan Indians in Chiapas in response to Indian organization against land owners.
|The U.S. announced that it would no longer kidnap Mexican citizens to stand trial in U.S. courts for crimes.
|The PRI (the ruling party of Mexico) conceded to an election loss in the state of Chihuahua, its largest and wealthiest state. The winner of the election was Francisco Barrion of the center-right National Action Party (PAN). Also in this election, the state of Michoacan opposition party (PRD) claimed election fraud by the PRI. The population of both states is approximately 5% indigenous, which largely support opposition parties to the PRI.
|Mexico City hosted peace talks between the Guatemalan rebels and the government. Mexico stressed the importance of human rights in Guatemala toward its indigenous population.
|President Salinas traveled to Oaxaca to implement grass-roots development program in Oaxaca. The program was called Solidarity and was allotted $2.3 billion in 1992. It was founded in 1989 with the purpose of funding infrastructure and industry programs in primarily indigenous states of Southeastern Mexico.
|In the state of Michoacan, thousands of protestors refused to allow the entrance of the new governor, Eduardo Villasenor of the PRI, to the state capital building. These protestors, supporters of the PRD opposition party, claimed election fraud in the August election.
|Although 90% of Mexico's population claims to be Roman Catholic, Mexico has broken ties with the Catholic Church for 125 years. The Church owned ? of all property in Mexico in the 1800s. After the Mexican Revolution, Benito Juarez expropriated all land from the Church. Now, the country of Mexico is reestablishing ties with the Catholic Church.
|Ten thousand Mayan Indians marched in San Cristobal to protest the Mexican government's treatment of indigenous peoples on the official anniversary of Columbus's voyage to Latin America.
|Jorge Carpizo MacGregor was appointed Attorney General. He was previously Mexico's human rights ombudsman. NGOs and the UN supported this appointment.
|Zapatista rebel group (composed largely of Mayan Indians - appr. 2,000) took over the mayor's office in San Cristobal de las Casas in the state of Chiapas. Fifty-seven people were killed and 30 people were wounded in gunfire exchange with the guerilla groups. The group demanded land, financing of agricultural programs, education, and the release of "political prisoners". This date is the same day that the North American Free Trade Agreement between the U.S., Mexico, and Canada took effect.
|Aerial bombings of civilians in Chiapas prior to the cease-fire on January 19, 1994.
|The Mexican army dispatched troops and armor to the state of Chiapas in order to deter guerilla organization. Tanks, artillery, and mortar were used in the military occupation of Chiapas.
|President Carlos Salinas appointed a commission to study and promote coordinated action to improve the lives of Indians in Mexico. The commission will encompass officials from 11 Cabinet ministries.
|Bishop Samuel Ruiz Garcia was appointed mediator for the Chiapas rebellion by the Zapatistas. In addition, the Mexican commissioner for the negotiations was Manuel Camacho Solis.
|Indian peasants blocked the Pan-American highway leading into Teopisca, a town about 30 miles south of San Cristobal de las Casas, protesting corruption. They were not affiliated with the Zapatistas, yet said that Chiapas "opened their eyes."
|The major political parties of Mexico passed a clean elections pact, which Camacho, the Mexican negotiator of Chiapas, asserted was "vital to a solution in Chiapas." The Chiapas Zapatistas stated that they would only return arms if negotiation accords were agreed to and complied with.
|A Mixtec Indian group, called Southern Puebla Zapatista Movement, formed and claims to represent people in 60 Mixtec Indian communities, drawing support from over 3000 people. The Michoacan sugar cane workers, who have been protesting the closure of a plant, sent 5 members to meet with the Zapatistas in Chiapas.
|The Guerrero Indian organization also announced that it supported the Zapatista demands of Chiapas, yet stated that they were not Chiapas.
|The Nahuatl peoples have stated that they are sympathetic to the Zapatista demands, but not to the use of arms.
|The Mexican government signed an accord which allowed the Zapatistas to keep their weapons until the negotiations were settled. Foreign governments, including the U.S., have urged President Salinas to pass electoral reform laws, including international observers for the August elections and equal media coverage for all political parties.
|The Mexican government signed an accord promising public works programs, road construction, housing, health clinics, and schools by the end of 1994. The Zapatistas still called for further electoral reforms above those approved by political parties already. The reforms approved included an independent audit of voter polls and the creation of a special prosecutor to investigate electoral fraud.
|Presidential candidate Luis Donaldo Colosio was murdered.
|Mexico's ruling party appointed Ernesto Zedillo as the new PRI presidential candidate after the murder of Luis Donaldo Colosio.
|The Zapatistas suspended negotiations with the Mexican government. They declared that the Mexican government of Salinas was involved in the killing of presidential candidate Luis Donaldo Colosio.
|Ranchers in the state of Chiapas threatened to mobilize and arm themselves if the government did not protect small property owners. In Mexico City, 20,000 to 30,000 indigenous people marched in the central square in honor of Revolutionary leader, Emiliano Zapata. In San Luis Potosi, indigenous peoples occupied almost 3000 hectares of land. In Guerrero State, 1500 indigenous farmers occupied a town hall. Also, in Oaxaca, 2000 indigenous people protested in the streets for infrastructure improvement. All of these indigenous people claimed to support for the Zapatistas in Chiapas state.
|The Zapatistas played host to over 6,000 participants in a conference, entitled "National Democracy Convention." Students, indigenous people, intellectuals, and workers participated in this conference. Prior to this conference, the Commerce Secretariat announced a $1.5 billion program to create infrastructure and industrial development projects in Chiapas. The money would specifically be allotted to projects for agriculture, fishing, and maquiladora industries.
|Fifteen thousand protestors gathered in the plaza in Mexico City to protest election fraud from the August 21, 1994 election. The PRD (Democratic Revolutionary Party) alleged election fraud. The PRD candidate, Cuauhtemoc Cardenas Solorzano, was also supported by the Zapatistas in Chiapas (Mayan Indians).
|A severe economic crisis began in Mexico with the devaluation of the peso. Interest rates and inflation skyrocketed, businesses closed, and banks foreclosed on houses and farms. The Clinton administration put together a $50 billion package to help Mexico bail itself out of the crisis, but the package was relatively ineffective in terms of benefiting many Mexicans. A protest movement called Barzon, which formed in 1983 and consists of middle-class Mexicans (who comprise approximately 10 percent of the Mexican population), gained popularity as a result of the crisis. The Barzon claimed 500,000 members as of February 1995, but independent analysts claimed that the movement's following was much smaller. Barzon clubs also formed among Mexican immigrants in Texas and California. The movement calls for political democracy, economic equality, the rescheduling of debt payments to Mexico's banks, and the altering of government policies that movement followers claim hurt Mexican farmers.(The Houston Chronicle, Feb. 26, 1995)
|Roman Catholic Bishop Samuel Ruiz called off his 15-day fast after the Mexican government agreed to negotiate with the Zapatistas.
|Representatives from the Mexican government and the EZLN met for the first time in 10 months to discuss drawing up a formal truce. The meeting was held near the EZLN-controlled village of Guadalupe Tepeyac in Chiapas.
|After federal agents discovered alleged Zapatista weapons caches in Mexico City and the state of Veracruz, President Ernesto Zedillo ordered the arrest of Zapatista leader Subcommandante Marcos and four others. Several hundred army troops occupied the village of San Andres Larrainzar, north of San Cristobal de las Casas. One of the four others that were ordered arrested, Jorge Santiago, was detained. Mexican troops combed the Chiapan jungles in search of Marcos and the other three individuals, causing many peasants to flee. Zapatistas allegedly drew first blood in the incident by attacking a military column, killing two soldiers (including a colonel) and wounding several others. As a result of the Mexican military offensive, the EZLN had surrendered twelve villages that comprised much of its territory. Marcos was not caught and no violence was reported in relation to the jungle deployment, but EZLN leaders issued a statement claiming that 4 army helicopters bombed areas around the towns of Morelia and La Garrucha. President Zedillo's chief of staff, Luis Tellez, and the Attorney General's office both issued statements denying EZLN claims regarding the helicopter bombings and maintained that the search for EZLN leaders was being carried out in a legal manner with full respect for human rights. Military roadblocks prevented food and medical supplies from entering Indian villages, and Guatemala promised to assist the Mexican military by preventing rebels from crossing the Mexico-Guatemala border. The United States State Department urged the Mexican government to use restraint in its attempt to arrest the rebel leaders but said the action would not damage U.S.-Mexico relations. In addition, seven supposed rebels were arrested and weapons were confiscated in connection with the discovery of the alleged Zapatista weapons caches. In a separate but related incident, 14 suspected rebels were arrested in the city of Toluca, about 50 miles west of Mexico City. A shootout between the alleged guerillas and state policemen occurred, and one policeman died in the incident while another was seriously injured. EZLN supporters held daily protests throughout Mexico. One protest held in Mexico City was attended by 100,000 people. In addition, a demonstration of roughly 200 in support of the Zapatistas also occurred in San Francisco, California, a city that contains a large number of Mexican immigrants. The crowd gathered outside of the Mexican Consulate.
|The right-of-center opposition National Action Party won a sweeping victory in state elections in Jalisco and city elections in Guadalajara, Mexico's second-largest city (The Houston Chronicle, Feb. 26, 1995).
|The "transition? government of leftist journalist Amado Avendano, who officially lost the 1994 race for Chiapan governor, claimed that 12 people had been killed near the village of Monte Libano on the eastern edge of the Zapatista zone. The government denied reports of numerous civilian casualties, illegal detentions and incidents of torture issued by the EZLN and its supporters. PRI also suffered the biggest election defeat in its 65-year history by losing control of the state of Jalisco and its capital, Guadalajara, to the center-right National Action Party in a landslide vote. According to polls and incomplete official returns, the National Action Party took the statehouse, the city hall in Guadalajara (Mexico's second largest city), and nearly all of Guadalajara's other main city governments.
|In an attempt to end the fighting that occurred as a result of a troop deployment in Chiapas to arrest EZLN leader Marcos and others, President Zedillo commanded a cease-fire and offered to negotiate with EZLN rebels. Zedillo also dismissed Eduardo Robledo Rincon, the PRI governor of Chiapas. In addition, the government allowed human rights observers and journalists to travel unescorted into the remote rain forest and farm country once controlled by the EZLN and now being combed by federal troops. Zedillo offered amnesty to rebels wishing to end the fight. In response to this offer, EZLN Major Ana Maria outlined several conditions for negotiation, mainly that the government withdraw troops, stop arresting people, and cancel the arrest orders against Zapatista leaders.
|The Zapatistas released the former Chiapas governor, Absalon Castellanos, who was kidnapped on January 2, 1994.
|A violent two-hour confrontation occurred outside a cathedral in San Cristobal de las Casas between members of an affluent landowner group called San Cristobal Civic Front and worshipers. The landowners, who despise Ruiz's activism, threw rocks, sticks, and eggs at the worshipers and also attacked several Indians who were guarding the sanctuary and Ruiz's offices. Ruiz, who has headed the National Commission of Intermediation, which has conducted talks between the EZLN and the Mexican government, was also nominated for the 1995 Nobel Peace Prize for his defense of impoverished Indians.
|Members of the middle-class Barzon movement shut down banks in three Mexican states and staged a protest outside the headquarters of the government's central bank in Mexico City
|Human rights groups, including government-sponsored monitors, reported cases of illegal detention, torture, and other abuses during the army offensive that began on February 9. The government's National Human Rights Commission also released a report saying that at least 4 suspected rebels that were arrested in Veracruz on February 8 were victims of torture at the hands of government agents.
|Labor Minister Santiago Onate announced that 250,000 Mexicans had lost their jobs since the December 20, 1994 economic crisis, and he predicted that another 500,000 jobs will be lost in the coming months. (The Houston Chronicle, March 12, 1995) In addition, the former deputy attorney general, Mario Ruiz Massieu, was linked to political payoffs involving drug cartels.
|Ruiz Massieu was arrested in New Jersey. The U.S. was considering extradition due to political corruption links in Mexico and links to the death of Colosio.
|Maya Indian rebels agreed in principle to talks on ending the uprising in Chiapas, but rival territorial claims between the EZLN and the government/army held up formal peace negotiations. President Zedillo welcomed the rebels' agreement, but he indicated that the two sides are not ready to talk yet because the government is not willing to give up its sovereignty over the entire national territory - a demand that the EZLN has voiced.
|Despite claiming that EZLN proposals for peace talks contained workable conditions, the Mexican government rejected resuming peace talks in Mexico City because some of the EZLN's conditions were also unfeasible. The Interior Ministry issued a statement proposing to the EZLN that it work with the National Mediation Committee regarding the talks' agenda, timetable, and possible negotiating sites in Chiapas. This response indirectly rejected the Zapatistas' proposal of four sites in Mexico City for resuming talks. The EZLN issued a statement appealing for a stable truce; calling for talks regarding political, social, and cultural issues; demanding political participation for the EZLN and its members; and suggesting four possible negotiation sites in Mexico City. As of this date, the government had not yet pulled back troops from areas that it occupied on or after February 9, but the government did order troops to lift military blockades in Chiapas and to redeploy in non-populated areas. In their statement, the rebels insisted that such action was not enough and that the federal troop presence in Chiapas made the suggested Mexico City venues autonomous and neutral sites for negotiation.
|Peace talks between Zapatistas and the Mexican government resumed in San Andres Larrainzar, a small Chiapas town about 12 miles north of San Cristobal de las Casas. Mexican officials stated that arrest warrants for EZLN commanders would remain inactive as long as the talks continued. On April 9, eight envoys of the EZLN and three senior Interior Ministry officials met in the Lacandonian village of San Miguel, Chiapas and decided to hold the meetings in San Andres Larrainzar beginning on April 20. The meetings did not begin on April 20 because the government protested the gathering of more than 1000 pro-EZLN peasants in the main plaza of San Andres Larrainzar. The peasants finally left the plaza on April 21 at the reluctant request of EZLN leaders.
|Peace talks between Zapatistas and the Mexican government were suspended after a deadlock was reached regarding the appropriate measures to prevent fighting in Chiapas.
|Tens of thousands of angry workers marched through Mexico City to vent frustrations toward the government regarding low wages and high unemployment. Hundreds of riot police were on duty, but the demonstration was mostly peaceful. The nonviolent atmosphere was broken for only 10 minutes by protesters throwing bottles and rocks at the police, who responded by pulling out of throwing range.
|Peace talks between the EZLN and government representatives resumed in San Andres Larrainzar. Arguments ensued over procedural issues, and the EZLN rejected a government proposal to move Zapatista troops into three camps in Chiapas, where the government would feed, house, and protect them for the duration of the talks.
|Peace talks between the EZLN and the government ended with the EZLN accepting a limited government proposal to withdraw troops from 11 villages in Chiapas. Government officials stated that the army would most likely remain in the areas until June 7.
|PAN won gubernatorial elections in the state of Guanajuato. (ABC-CLIO, Inc., 1999)
|PRI won gubernatorial elections in the state of Yucatan. Fraud charges ensued. (ABC-CLIO, Inc., 1999)
|Two thousand indigenous peasants shut down Mexico's stock market, the Bolsa, protesting against electoral fraud and economic recession. The protestors surrounded the stock market and did not allow people in or out of the building. This was the end of a 40 day march from the southeastern state of Tabasco to protest the fraud in state elections from November.
|Mexican military officials received training and consultation from the Guatemalan government on issues of controlling and negotiating with rebel groups. Guatemala's rebel peasant group was based in Mexico City and Mexico housed over 100,000 Guatemalan refugee Indians. The two countries are working together to combat the guerilla groups and to coordinate military procedures toward them.
|A fifth round of talks between the EZLN and government officials began with much bickering over the progress of negotiations. The government accused the EZLN of delaying a decision on the rules and procedures of the talks and rejected an EZLN proposal to set up a buffer zone between government and EZLN troops in Chiapas by creating a special corridor in which EZLN forces would withdraw. The government accused the EZLN of using the latter as a delaying tactic and of lacking sincerity and showing disrespect for Mexican society by not aiming for concrete results. The Zapatistas responded by calling these accusations government lies and by saying that their proposals were in accordance with negotiating principles. A representative from a religious mediating panel supported Zapatista demands that negotiations address national social and political issues by claiming that the problems in Chiapas have national repercussions.
|The Zapatistas held a voluntary referendum in which a record (for a non-compulsory plebiscite) more than one million people participated. With slightly less than half of the votes counted, 56.2 percent of Mexicans answered yes to a question asking whether the EZLN should become an independent political organization. This was taken as a sign that most Mexicans felt that the EZLN should put down its weapons and become a political organization.
|After five months of talks, the Zapatistas and the Mexican government reached a breakthrough by agreeing on an agenda for comprehensive negotiations that include attendance to the grievances behind the January 1, 1994 uprising. In the past, President Zedillo rejected the demand that negotiations attend to national themes of justice and democracy, but Zedillo, for the first time, proposed an indigenous bill of rights during these preliminary talks. Both sides agreed that four groups will discuss indigenous rights and culture during the first round of formal talks, set to have begun on October 1. The agreement appeared to be an offer made by a special legislative commission regarding discussion on reforming Mexico's electoral and political systems.
|Domingo Lopez Angel, a leader of a group of 600 Mayans who were expelled from San Juan Chamula for defying village leaders in 1993, was elected to the Chiapas state legislature. He was the first expulsado (expelled one) to reach this level in the Mexican political system. In preceding months, the government had provided the expulsados with $200,000 to rebuild and refurnish their homes. The expulsados responded by participating in the peace accords and planning to form their own political party. However, the expulsados claimed that three members of their community had been murdered so far in 1995.
|The Mexican government released Fernando Yanez Munoz (arrested on Oct. 21), a leftist guerrilla and reported founder of the EZLN. Munoz was provided temporary amnesty that guarantees his freedom as long as government-EZLN peace talks continue.
|Government-EZLN peace talks resumed. The Mexican government was under pressure to grant the rebels powers to govern themselves and their ancestral lands.
|The Zapatistas called for regional discussions on Indian rights prior to the opening of peace talks with the Mexican government, scheduled to begin on January 10, 1996.
|A confrontation between roughly 100 indigenous residents and federal troops occurred in the village of Oventic and lasted for several hours until the Indians forced the military to abandon plans to set up an encampment near the village.
|PEMEX, Mexico's leading petroleum company, laid off half of its workforce of 200,000 as it was becoming privatized. The PEMEX union and workers had marched in and supported demonstrations in Mexico City and at specific plants that were being sold. (The Houston Chronicle, December 26, 1995)
|The EZLN announced the formation of a political wing to work for democratic reform - the Zapatista National Liberation Front (FZLN). Subcommandante Marcos emphasized that the FZLN would not be a political party and would not seek power for its leaders or itself. Marcos also said that the FZLN would reject armed confrontation and would both work to reform the Mexican constitution and seek to become a grassroots organization.
|According to the Mexican military, the number of troops increased in Chiapas because the military detected cocaine and marijuana shipments in the area. Gen. Mario Renan Castillo said that troops destroyed 18 air strips believed to be used by drug traffickers. (The Fort Worth-Telegram February 7, 1996)
|Thousands of Mayan farmers and Indians blocked 64 oil wells owned by Mexico's state oil company, Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX), in Tabasco. The demonstrators demanded compensation for alleged environmental damage to their land caused by PEMEX. The oil blocks were led by the PRD, which also claimed that it was organizing the blockade in order to protest environmental damage caused by oil spills and leaked toxins. The Mexican government ordered the arrest of 58 left-wing leaders in connection with the demonstration and accused the PRD of using the environmental issue to try and unseat the governor of Tabasco, Mr. Roberto Madrazo, whose November 1994 election the PRD has continually contested.
|Human rights groups charged the Mexican government with rights violations in connection with the February 1995 military offensive in Chiapas. Human Rights Watch, basing its report in part on the findings of the Mexican government's own National Human Rights Commission, charged the police with beating and torturing suspected EZLN leaders, judges with accepting confessions that they knew were coerced, the Attorney General's office with trying to cover up the abuses, and the Mexican legal system with prosecuting cases in an irregular fashion. Human Rights Watch urged the government to prosecute the police involved with the torturing incidents and to address human rights abuses as a whole in Mexico. In addition, a Mexico-based human rights group claimed that the detention of EZLN leaders in February 1995 was illegal because laws were broken in the process.
|The EZLN and Mexican officials signed the first of six accords that are designed to end the uprising in Chiapas. The first accord dealt with Indian rights and culture and would give the Zapatistas more control over their natural resources, economies, and the election of their leaders.
|The Cleveland Diocese, as part of the national United States Pastors For Peace program, sent truckloads of food and medical supplies to the poor in Chiapas. Pastors For Peace is an interdenominational group of clergy that provides humanitarian aid throughout North and South America.
|Police and peasants clashed near the village of Nicolas Ruiz, about 40 miles southeast of San Cristobal de las Casas. The incident began with police arresting 125 peasants for squatting on land near Nicolas Ruiz. As the police were escorting those who had been arrested to the state capital of Tuxtla Gutierrez, they were ambushed by peasants from the property on which the squatting occurred. Peasant leaders acknowledged that peasants were guilty of the ambush, but they charged the 300 Mexican police and soldiers with firing upon entering the property on which the squatting occurred. At least three peasants and two police officers were killed, and the incident disrupted EZLN-government peace talks for a brief period.
|The EZLN holds an economic forum - the Encounter for Humanity and Against Neoliberalism - in the Lacandon rain forest that is attended by more than 500 people from the United States, Canada, Mexico and other nations. The EZLN said that the forum was an attempt to launch peaceful reform movements.
|The National Forum of Indian Peoples was held in the village of Oventic, Chiapas and was hosted by the EZLN. Approximately 150 members of the Chontal, Otomi, Nahua, Chol, Purepecha and other tribes were in attendance. Those present agreed to create a nationwide movement to press for Indian rights, increased autonomy, and improvements in economic well-being, in addition to preserving Indian culture. Many in the group reject the EZLN's use of arms but identify with its desire for land, agricultural assistance, education, health care, and justice.
|Organized by the Democratic Huastec Movement (MDH), between 1500 and 3000 Huasteco, Pame, Tenek and Nahua people began a hunger strike on April 10 in an attempt to get the federal government to offer them social programs, aid, and farm land. These indigenous people camped out in the middle of an open field in the state of San Luis Potosi to mark the 77th anniversary of the death of revolutionary hero Emiliano Zapata. They displayed banners of support for the EZLN and for Luis Donaldo Colosio, the popular PRI presidential candidate assassinated in March 1994. Government officials met with those engaging in the hunger strike on April 12, but negotiations made no progress and the hunger strike continued.
|All of Mexico's major political parties, except for PAN, agreed to fair election reforms that were supported by President Zedillo. (ABC-CLIO, Inc., 1999)
|Tens of thousands of Mexicans held a May day rally against the Mexican government, signaling discontent with President Zedillo and his strict economic policies. There were no official estimates of crowd size available, but one estimate put the crowd at more than 100,000 people. Buildings and statues were painted with slogans and anti-government chants were shouted by the protestors. No serious violence was reported. (The Houston Chronicle, May 2, 1996)
|A violent conflict occurred between an autonomous paramilitary group - Chinchulines - and peasants in Bachajon, Chiapas. 6 people were killed, 28 people were arrested, 23 houses and businesses were burned, and vehicles were destroyed. The conflict arose from long-standing land disputes. Chinchulines was loosely affiliated with PRI and had arbitrarily detained villagers in Chiapas. Villagers responded by attacking the house of the Chinchulines' leader and killing him and two others. Two additional brief skirmishes occurred before fighting stopped.
|Subcommandante Marcos denied that the EZLN has any connection with the Guerrero-based guerilla army, the EPR (Popular Revolutionary Army).
|The Organization of American States' human rights commission released a detailed description of human rights abuses in Mexico, especially highlighting police and official corruption and the intimidation of political activists. (ABC-CLIO, Inc., 1999)
|The Zapatistas hosted The International Conference for Humanity and Against Neoliberalism, an international conference designed to discuss the social costs of hardline free-market policies (Agence France Presse, August 4, 1996) and attended by anywhere between 2000 and 4000 people from more than 40 countries. Delegates agreed to use the Internet to set up a global communications network to fight these hardline policies, to organize an international day of action on November 20, 1996, to hold a second conference in Europe, and to organize a worldwide project to push for change.
|Mexico's attorney general, Antonio Lozano Gracia, announced that the Mexican army will be put in charge of Mexico's anti-drug operations. Most of the troops were deployed in the Juarez region of Mexico, near the Mexican-U.S. border (specifically near El Paso, Texas). U.S. State Department official Robert Gelbard expressed support for the Mexican army's anti-drug operations. (Austin American-Statesman, August 10, 1996)
|A Mexico City federal district court judge sentenced seven EZLN rebels to seven years in prison each after convicting them on explosives and weapons charges. Those sentenced denied that they are EZLN members, and their lawyers filed appeals.
|The Zapatistas broke off peace talks with the government of Mexico, accusing government negotiators of arrogance and racism.
|Indian representatives of 35 ethnic groups held another session of the CNI to push for legislative reforms that would permit development in their communities. Commandante Ramona, an EZLN delegate, was permitted to attend - an act that was hailed by many attending the CNI session.
|PRI lost several mayoral races in the states of Mexico and Coahuila but retained control of the state legislatures. (ABC-CLIO, Inc., 1999)
|Rival Tzeltal Mayan religious groups clashed with rocks and firearms in the municipality of Venustiano Carranza, Chiapas, leaving one person dead and 19 injured. More than 200 Roman Catholic Indians of the leftist opposition Democratic Revolution Party were pitted against the Protestant Evangelical Christian Community, which supports PRI. The Evangelicals were given land in Venustiano Carranza by the government in August 1996, but the Catholics considered the land to be theirs. In the past 25 years, more than 25,000 Indian converts to evangelical Christianity have been expelled from their communities in the Chiapas highlands.
|Zapatista supporters burned 16 of 18 ballot boxes in San Andres Larrainzar. This action was widely condemned, even by many Zapatista sympathizers.
|Press sources reported that two new rebel groups had emerged in Mexico. The Armed Front for the Liberation of Marginalized Peoples of Guerrero (State) and the Justice Army of the Defenseless People had both recently issued statements demanding improved conditions and justice for the poor.
|The Justice Army was blamed for the murders of four alleged bandits in Guerrero on Jan 1, 1997. Government officials assert that the rebel groups are merely criminals acting as organized guerrillas. (ABC-CLIO, Inc., January 6, 1996)
|PRI lost elections in 18 of 32 townships that it previously controlled in the state of Morelos. (ABC-CLIO, Inc., 1999)
|Government-EZLN peace talks stalled once again due to a clash between police and Tzotzil Indians in the village of San Pedro Nixtalucum on March 14, 1997. Four peasants died and several officers were injured in the fighting. The village is divided between EZLN and PRI supporters.
|The United States announced that it will provide $6 million to Mexico to create a new anti-narcotics force that will replace the old one, which was viewed as corrupt. (The Washington Times, May 6, 1997)
|A Mexican mediating commission urged the revival of EZLN-government peace talks. A panel led by Bishop Samuel Ruiz also requested that the government withdraw troops from Chiapas and implement the agreements regarding indigenous peoples' rights and culture reached with the EZLN in 1996. The accords were not yet instituted because the executive branch did not send the agreements to Congress for approval.
|PRI lost control of the national congress and of Mexico City's government in midterm elections. Many blamed the loss on Mexico's heightening economic crisis.
|PRD candidate Cuauhtemoc Cardenas won mayoral elections in Mexico City. (ABC-CLIO, Inc., 1999)
|Official results showed that PRI lost its majority in the 500-seat Mexican Chamber of Deputies. PRI subsequently contested the results. (ABC-CLIO, Inc., 1999)
|Following an all-night rally in San Cristobal de las Casas attended by 10,000 people, nearly 3000 Zapatistas and their supporters took part in a 750-mile long march to Mexico City in hopes of regaining support for their cause and re-opening peace talks with the Mexican government. 50 buses carrying 1111 rebels, representing each of the villages in Zapatista territory, were followed by 30 more buses of observers and supporters. At least 70,000 people welcomed the marchers in Zocolo, Mexico City's main square, and thousands of students, union members, and leftists joined the marchers in a procession in the capital.
|Clashes between EZLN and PRI supporters in Chiapas left two Mayans dead and 13 missing. PRI supporters also burned several houses.
|Amnesty International released a report stating that human rights abuses in Mexico were worsening, especially regarding disappearances and unlawful arrests. (ABC-CLIO, Inc., 1999)
|A convoy of church leaders, including Bishop Samuel Ruiz, was ambushed in a remote region of Chiapas where paramilitary groups were known to operate. Three Indian passengers were wounded in the attack on the mediators.
|Six Tzotzil Mayan Zapatistas were killed in the highland town of Chenalho, Chiapas. Following the deaths of these Mayans, pro-PRI paramilitary guards stormed through the alleged Zapatista strongholds of Chimix, Pechiquil, Tzajalukum, and Cacateal, burning houses along the way. Numerous residents were forced to flee their homes and three people were reported missing.
|On December 22, a civilian paramilitary group linked to PRI killed at least 45 people in Acteal, a small village near the Mayan town of Chenalho. Authorities said that 31 people were also injured in the attack.
|Mexican soldiers claimed to have discovered a wooden EZLN house that contained weapons near San Cristobal de las Casas. Roughly 300 women from a town near San Cristobal de las Casas conducted a protest march to La Esperanza following the army's claim, insisting that the weapons did not belong to anyone in the community. The women blocked a rural highway, but no arrests were made.
|Marcos Gonzalez took office in San Andres Larrainzar after he and his followers - other Zapatista sympathizers - declared themselves the new officials and broke all ties with the Mexican government. For the past two years, Zapatista supporters had occupied county offices in San Andres Larrainzar, and Indians in at least 13 other municipalities had also severed ties with the state government. Gonzalez's government was broke because it receives no federal or state support.
|The army increased its efforts to confiscate arms from paramilitaries and Zapatistas. The defense ministry said that it had confiscated 40 firearms and 14,000 bullets since December 25, 1997. Subcommandante Marcos said the peace process in Chiapas had collapsed in the wake of the army reinforcing its presence in the region after the Acteal massacre.
|In Mexico City, Zapatista supporters blockaded the Mexican stock exchange. Militants also seized two radio stations, and camped out on the city's main boulevard.
|Felipe Vazquez, the top police official in Chiapas, was arrested for transporting and delivering weapons to civilians involved with the Acteal massacre.
|In Ocosingo, Chiapas, pro-Zapatista protestors held a demonstration to demand that a police checkpoint at the town's entrance be removed. Demonstrators began to throw stones at police and the police retaliated by opening fire. One woman was killed and two others, including the woman's 3-year-old daughter, were injured. The Mexican army arrested 27 policemen on charges of mishandling the demonstration.
|The Justice Army of the Defenseless People claimed credit for a recent attack on a police station that left two officers seriously injured. In a Jan. 5 letter to Guerrero officials, the rebels said the assault was in retaliation for the Acteal massacre. (Copley News Service, January 14, 1998)
|The Chiapan government freed 300 prisoners in what officials called a "show of political will" (New York Times, January 25, 1998) to help re-open peace talks with Zapatistas. The prisoners released were mostly highland Indian farmers who were serving sentences for minor crimes.
|Rubicel Ruiz Gamboa, the leader the Democratic Assembly of the People of Chiapas and a member of the opposition party PRD, was assassinated in Tuxtla Guiterrez. The Democratic Assembly of the People of Chiapas had distanced itself from the EZLN in recent years.
|Mauro Generaro Marin, a PRD leader in Guerrero, was assassinated. (ABC-CLIO, Inc., 1999)
|Father Gonzalo Ituarte, a member of a pro-Zapatista group that has mediated in peace talks, publicly stated that many of the victims of the Acteal massacre belonged to a group called Las Abejas (The Bees), which supports the Zapatistas' political aims but not their decision to use arms.
|The National Intermediation Committee (CONAI), an independent group observing the Chiapas peace process, claimed that more than 15,000 Zapatista sympathizers and other opposition organizers had been intimidated into leaving their lands in recent months. According to human rights groups, paramilitary groups linked to PRI have burned the homes of some of the displaced. This displacement had also occurred in the midst of the coffee harvest, the main source of income for most highland peasants. The federal government and PRI denied responsibility for the forced resettlement, attributing it instead to long-standing land disputes between various local organizations.
|At an Amnesty International meeting in Dublin, Mexico's ambassador to Ireland encountered a protest that bordered on hostility. The demonstration was held to protest recent violence in Mexico, particularly the Acteal massacre.
|Roughly 5,000 Zapatista held a protest to call on the government to honor the peace accord signed on February 17, 1996. The protestors also called for peace in Chiapas.
|The Red Cross suspended operations in Chiapas because the Mexican government had banned foreigners from entering into the region, causing some 20,000 people to lose medical assistance.
|After discussing their human rights situation with the International Civilian Observation Commission for Human Rights (CCIODH), a group of Chiapan Mayans were attacked by a paramilitary group called Peace and Justice, whom the Mayans believe executed the Acteal massacre. One person was killed and four were injured.
|Violent land and property disputes occurred in Oaxaca. In one incident, about 300 Huave Indians from the village of San Francisco del Mar attempted to reclaim more than 120,000 acres of land held by Zapotecs of Ixhuatan. Three Huave Indians were killed, 5 people were injured, and at least 4 thatch houses in Ihnuatan were burned. Ixhuatan residents responded with a similar raid. About 600 Indian families were chased from their homes due to the fighting. Ixhuatan inhabitants have held the land for about 30 years, despite a presidential decree in favor of San Francisco.
|The EZLN seized a ranch near the town of Ocosingo on April 10 and declared it an ?autonomous? town. The following day, responding to orders given by Chiapas Governor Roberto Albores, 800 troops and additional federal, state, and highway police expelled the EZLN from the ranch. Authorities said that no violence occurred during the expulsion. 19 people were arrested, including 11 foreigners.
|An estimated 10,000 Mayans rallied outside a cathedral in San Cristobal de las Casas to show their support for Bishop Samuel Ruiz, who had been the target of severe criticism by the government for his role in the Chiapas conflict.
|Environmentalists reported that 230 wildfires were currently blazing across Mexico. The Mexican government reported that 10,000 fires have destroyed an estimated 700,000 acres across Mexico since January 1998. The worst fires seemed to be concentrated in the Chimalpas region on the border between Oaxaca and Chiapas, where 49 fires were currently blazing. An estimated 16,800 acres were burned so far in this area. The government blamed the slash-and-burn agricultural practices of many Mexican peasants for the fires, and environmentalists retaliated by placing blame on the Mexican government for neglecting poor Mexican farmers and for not modernizing their agricultural techniques. (The Washington Post, May 31, 1998)
|Bishop Samuel Ruiz, who had played the role of the main mediator in the Chiapas conflict, announced his resignation in protest over what he called government intransigence.
|The EZLN and security forces clashed in the remote Chiapan villages of Union Progreso and Chavajeval (both in the El Bosque municipality). It was the bloodiest fighting between the EZLN and security forces since the February 1995 army offensive in Chiapas. A police officer and eight alleged Zapatista rebels were killed, between 52 and 56 people were arrested, and weapons and Molotov cocktails were confiscated, according to State Attorney General Rodolfo Soto. Other villagers fled into the nearby forest. The troops said they were fired on and then lobbed tear gas and began firing their weapons. Residents said the military fired on their villages first.
|Three Mexican soldiers were killed in what the government claimed was a guerilla ambush in the mountains north of the resort of Zihuatanejo.
|Government officials escorted 70 Protestants to their homes in the Chiapas village of Icalumtic, one week after they were expelled by local Catholics in a religious dispute.
|Hector Sanchez, a full-blooded Zapotec Indian, original member of COCEI, and PRD senator, competed in the Oaxacan gubernatorial election. Sanchez claimed that while he ultimately disagrees with the actions of the EPR, he understands why the grinding poverty experienced by many Mexicans could lead them to join such a group. As of this date, COCEI claimed that 50 of its members had been assassinated and 600 jailed on bogus charges since the organization's inception. (The Atlanta Journal, August 1, 1998)
|Subcommandante Marcos announced that while the EZLN would not take part in elections in Chiapas, neither would it disrupt voting in 102 towns across Chiapas.
|The National Indigenous Congress (CNI) held its annual meeting in Mexico City and reaffirmed its support for the Zapatista guerrillas and for efforts toward a negotiated solution to the conflict in Chiapas. The CNI also announced that it would increase its fight for autonomy for indigenous communities. More than 500 representatives of 20 groups participated in the CNI.
|Zapatista rebels held a three-day public gathering in San Cristobal de las Casas, demanding political rights for indigenous people. Workshops were attended by roughly 1000 people and 29 rebel delegates.
|A three-day battle over land ownership and destruction of produce between the Oaxacan Zapotec mountain communities of San Lorenzo Texmelucan and Santo Domingo Teojomulco occurred and left at least 14 people dead and 10 injured. Officials also found signs of torture on several of the dead bodies. Hector Anuar Mafud, secretary general of Oaxaca state, said the courts would deliver a verdict in a civil suit over the land in a few months. It is not clear whether or not that verdict has been handed down.
|Roughly 4000 Mayans, many from EZLN-run villages, marked the first anniversary of the Acteal massacre by walking from the community of Polho to Acteal, chanting anti-government slogans.
|500 army troops and federal and state police arrived in Chiapas to burn marijuana fields and clashed with Tzotzil Mayan Indians. A group of 50 Tzotzil Mayans blocked a road and hurled stones at the security forces. Several people were injured.
|Human Rights Watch released a report, compiled over a two-year period, stating that Mexican soldiers and police routinely commit human rights abuses that range from using illegal evidence to kidnapping to torture to murder. (ABC-CLIO, Inc., 1999)
|PRD won gubernatorial elections in the state of Baja California Sur. (ABC-CLIO, Inc., 1999)
|U.S. President Clinton and Mexican President Zedillo signed anti-drug trafficking accords, specifically how to measure anti-trafficking campaigns. (Chattanooga Times and Free Press, February 16, 1999)
|PRI won gubernatorial elections in the states of Quintana Roo, Hidalgo and Guerrero. Charges of fraud were made regarding the Quintana Roo and Guerrero elections. (ABC-CLIO, Inc., 1999)
|6 police officers and one civilian were killed when gunmen opened fire on a police patrol that was looking for drug traffickers in Guerrero. (The Washington Times, March 9, 1999)
|Zapatistas joined other protestors to reject increased university fees and plans to privatize the electricity sector.
|16 alleged Zapatistas reportedly turned themselves in to Chiapas Gov. Roberto Albores Guillen. "This is a historic moment," (Chicago Sun-Times, July 13, 1999) Albores said as he accepted the rebels? move. Guillen declared that as many as 20,000 rebels had deserted the EZLN since the beginning of the uprising on January 1, 1994. However, a weekly magazine, Proceso, reported subsequently that the desertion was set up by PRI to drain the rebels' morale and to try to win approval for a pending amnesty bill. Proceso claimed that half of the supposed deserters turned out to be local PRI members who had dressed in Zapatista-esque garb for the occasion.
|On April 7, 300 state police officers recaptured the town hall of San Andres Larrainzar from Zapatista rebels. The officers expelled the only two Zapatistas who were there. No violence occurred and no arrests were made.
|Students occupied the campus of The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) in Mexico City to protest a planned increase in tuition from a few cents to the equivalent of $140 per year. The strike would last for nine months. The university contains roughly 270,000 students. (The Washington Times, February 15, 2000)
|Local officials in Mitziton, Chiapas released 13 Protestants who were arrested three days earlier after they angered villagers by attempting to build a church. Hundreds of Catholic Mayans demanded that the Protestants be expelled from their Chiapan communities. Many residents of the communities see their mixture of Catholicism and traditional Maya Indian beliefs as crucial to their culture's survival.
|Catholic Mayan Tzotzil Indians from a settlement outside of San Juan Chamula, Chiapas, set fire to a Protestant church in San Juan Chamula. Fighting ensued and several people were injured. Unconfirmed reports also claimed that several people were killed in the fighting.
|The Mexican government released 150 of approximately 5000 indigenous detainees as part of an early release program announced by the government's National Human Rights Commission (CNDH). The majority of indigenous inmates were arrested in connection with drug smuggling, fights involving weapons, and drug production and trafficking. (Inter Press Service, August 31, 1999)
|After nearly 40 years as head of the diocese of San Cristobal de las Casas, Bishop Samuel Ruiz officially retired during a two-day retirement celebration.
|United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Mary Robinson, urged Mexico to significantly reduce the number of troops in Chiapas. Robinson said the heavy presence of Mexican troops (estimated number = 25,000) in Chiapas was causing rights abuses of indigenous peoples at a grassroots level.
|Militant Mayan Indians from San Juan Chamula attempted to free imprisoned colleagues in San Cristobal de las Casas. Officials reported that the Indians assaulted a state prison with automatic weapons, killing one child and allowing more than 40 inmates to escape. The attackers were believed to have been engaged in a long struggle with village authorities over the right to practice Evangelical Protestantism in a community where a mixture of Roman Catholicism and Indian beliefs has been virtually mandatory.
|Police put an end to the nine month student strike at The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) by storming the campus and arresting 745 activists who kept up the demonstration despite its rising unpopularity. Roughly 2500 strike supporters marched in opposition to the re-opening of the university, and about 100 of these supporters clashed with non-strike students outside of the university's law school. Students shouted and hurled debris at one another, but there were no reports of injuries. Over the course of the strike, the die-hard supporters had refocused the movement away from the tuition issue into a protest against market economics and Mexico's PRI-dominated political system. (The Washington Times, February 15, 2000)
|An independent, nonprofit, political magazine called In These Times published an article about the situation in Chiapas. The article is entitled ?Mexico's Dirty War: Six Years after the Zapatista Uprising? and is written by Bill Weinberg. The article made a number of claims regarding the situation in Chiapas. According to Weinberg, 60,000 federal army troops were currently stationed in Chiapas, and many settlements in the Lacandon region had been occupied by federal troops. Weinberg maintained that despite this troop presence, the autonomous communities loyal to the EZLN continued to operate clandestinely.
|Arizmendi Esquivel took over for Bishop Samuel Ruiz as head of the diocese of San Cristobal de las Casas. Church officials decided in December of 1999 to transfer Ruiz's expected successor, Bishop Raul Vera, from Chiapas to Saltillo in northern Mexico.
|PRI approved the first presidential primary elections to be held in Mexico. Secret, nationwide balloting would replace the president choosing his successor. The new rules that PRI approved also contained stipulations concerning spending, campaign funding, and candidate resignation. (The Herald-Sun (Durham, N.C.), May 18, 1999)
|Vincente Fox, the National Action Party (PAN) candidate, won Mexico's presidential elections, defeating PRI. PRI had governed Mexico for 71 years. Fox defeated Francisco Labasida of the PRI and Cuauhtemoc Cardenas of the PRD. Fox stated that he planned to re-open negotiations with the EZLN. The EZLN did not immediately respond to the election results. (Agence France Presse, July 3, 2000)
|The PRD rejected an invitation by President-elect Vincente Fox to join him in a "concord government" (Agence France Presse, July 5, 2000). PRI did not immediately respond to Fox's offer. (Agence France Presse, July 5, 2000)
|PRI supporters in Nezahualcoyotl attacked the local office of the electoral institute, claiming that local mayoral elections on July 2 were fraudulent. PRI supporters clashed with police and 20 supporters and one police officer were injured. Police used teargas to disperse the crowd.


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When I Grow Up I Want To Be...
Sean Pruen
A book for children and adults alike. 26 illustrations of alphabetised job descriptions.
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Animals in Order
Published July 02, 2014
Recipes From An Old B Kitchen
Published January 01, 2014
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Cast: Dan Hedaya, Michael Ironside, Ron Perlman, Edward Herrmann, Cynthia Abma, Carlos Antonio, Thierry Audenaerde, Peter Banks, Ike Barinholtz, Inge Beekman and others
At the Millennium Building in NYC, the elevators have a problem.they just can't stop killing people! Pregnant women, skater dudes -they're all on the menu for these possessed motorized beasts.As elevator repairman Mark Newman (James Marshal) delves deeper into the mystery, everyone from his boss to the building manager stand in his way. His only help comes from Jennifer Naomi Watts, a nosy reporter that smells a cover-up when she sees it.As the "accidents" pile up, the President and FBI get involved as the heroic couple come face to face with technology gone horribly, horribly wrong.


text: Hi,, I have some images of my family function which are in Kodak Photo CD format or .PCD. The problem is that i need to edit some of the images but the image editors not supporting the format. Also when i try to see them on my mobile devices, my device also won't support it. Is there any way to convert .PCD images in to JPEG? Please help.


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It is with heavy hearts that the Indiana SAR shares the passing of our compatriot, Robert Dale Howell, Sr., LtCdr USN Retired. On 28 April 2016, Bob was mustered home by the Sovereign of the Universe. He was a true example of an SAR compatriot: dedicated, trustworthy, honorable, and a servant-leader. He was always ready to help anyone, and was always positive about the SAR and its future. He served as President of the Daniel Guthrie Chapter (IN), many roles in the districts of the Indiana SAR, President of the Indiana SAR, and many roles in the Central District. As the State Genealogist for Indiana he always went the extra mile to help individuals become members, and completed numerous approval ready application, including many applications with difficult challenges. As the Southern Indiana Vice Color Guard Commander, Bob kept events moving, and always took time to help newer color guard members, including Junior members, learn all the nuances of representing a soldier of the revolution.
Bob served his family, his nation, and the SAR at Chapter, District, State, Central District, and National as an Officer and a Gentleman. He will remain alive in the many hearts he touched while he was with us.


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Nestled in the rolling hills of Tuscarawas County, this 6200 yard par 72 layout is very challenging. Watered fairways run through this wooded area to bring out the natural beauty of Tuscarawas County.
Green Valley also has several streams and ponds to give the good golfer a challenge from the championship tees. For the average golfer, the regular tees will make for an enjoyable day at the course.
Green Valley also has all the amenities. The Valley offers a full service lounge and restaurant, a Pro shop, practice area and a driving range. Green Valley hosts some of the largest outings in the area, with full cooking facilities in the pavilion area, steak outing with golf and cart start at a reasonable $38.95 per person for weekends & holidays.
Download our Green Valley Golf Club Rate Card


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Processing Time - Orders typically ship in 2-5 business days. Transit via UPS Ground can take up to 6 business days. Braided and custom-made products may take 2 to 3 weeks for delivery.
Free Shipping to Contiguous United States - We do not ship to Alaska, Hawaii or the Caribbean Islands at this time.
Oversized items - Orders that ship freight may take up to 2 weeks from shipment date to be delivered. You will be contacted by the trucking company to schedule a delivery appointment.
Shipping to Canada - Orders shipping to Canada will be subject to a 15% shipping surcharge fee. The shipping surcharge does not cover duties, customs, taxes or brokerage fees which may be charged to you by the shipping courier at time of delivery. At this time we are not shipping to Yukon and the Northwest Territories in Canada.
- Style Number: 287PL2431
- Collection: Platoon
- Brand: Rizzy Rugs
- Material: 100% Wool Blend
- Weave: Hand Loomed
- Styles: Contemporary Rugs, Solid & Striped
- Origin: India
- Returns: Returns Accepted Within 14 Days of Delivery.
A tactile treat for the senses, the innovative and modern designs of the Platoon collection are the ultimate companion to any transitional or contemporary decor. Constructed from a unique combination of New Zealand wool in both densely looped and carved plush pile, these three-dimensional rugs are full of texture and movement. Chic and subtle patterns in an array of discriminating tones, this collection is a display of beauty and fine craftsmanship.
Vacuum regularly as new wool rugs can shed yarn fibers for up to three months. Avoid direct and continuous exposure to sunlight. Do not pull loose ends, clip them with scissors to remove. Clean liquid spills immediately by blotting with cloth or sponge. For hard to remove stains, professional rug cleaning is recommended.
Very nice rug. The color was just as I expected, and the quality seems to be very good so far. It is shedding quite a bit, but that is to be expected from a new rug. Arrived on time and well packaged (it was on my porch during a snow storm and was in perfect condition)--did not take much time to flatten on the ends, either. Nice product!!RECOMMENDED: Yes!
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Entries submitted before or after the official contest dates will not be considered valid.
The contest is simple: draw a Princess as the villain from their film.
edit::: When I say "as the villain" I just mean wearing the villains' costumes, not actually taking their place. Sorry for any confusion! But if you would like to draw an Evil Princess, you're more than welcome to do that, too!
Eligible Princesses and villains are:
Belle as Gaston
Aurora as Maleficent
Jasmine as Jafar
Tiana as Facilier
Pocahontas as Ratcliffe
Mulan as Shan Yu
Esmerelda as Frollo


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Cheshire Cat Ears and Tail Set for Kids and Adults – This adorable pink striped headband and tail set is made of the finest faux-fur, and is sure to be the perfect addition to your Cheshire Cat Costume. Tail attaches with an easy velcro loop closure. Perf
Cheshire Cat Ears and Tail Set – Alice in Wonderland Costumes
January 1, 2013 By Leave a Comment
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