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May 6, 2016, 02:01 PDT
Plankton and you: The science of how we're all connected to climate
Every year toward end of the semester, when students have just finished their second round of exams and they're irritable, burned out and just plain over it, I walk into the oceanography class I teach with "the plankton lecture." They give me this look that says, "Aww, come on, you've got to be kidding." But I'm obsessed with plankton, obsessed. And I want the whole world to know. Plankton are da bomb, plankton rule, plankton are the bestest, awesomest, sickest beasts ever.
So you can imagine how psyched I was to smack talk with plankton expert and principal investigator of NASA's North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) Mike Behrenfeld. He's interested in the link between the blooming plankton food web and its influence on global climate. See, when animal plankton and bacteria munch on the plant plankton, organic compounds the plants produce get broken into itty bitty pieces. These small particles become aerosolized, which means they get lofted out of the ocean and into the atmosphere by wind and breaking waves, where they become the condensation nuclei around which water droplets form. So when these tiny creatures of the sea multiply, those bloom events end up influencing clouds.
Now, the North Atlantic Ocean is home to the biggest annual plankton event on the planet. "It's by far the biggest bloom. It goes all the way across the North Atlantic from about 40 degrees north up to the Arctic ice," Behrenfeld told me. It's kind of like a Coachella festival for plankton. "To study the plankton bloom stuff you need a ship, and to study the aerosol stuff you need an airplane, which explains why NAAMES combines planes and ships," he told me.
The North Atlantic also has extremely particle-free air, so the restricted availability of these aerosols limits water in the atmosphere's ability to form droplets. It's the ocean's biology that might provide an otherwise rare opportunity for water droplets to condense around. And that means a small amount of organic aerosols can go a long way. NAAMES "is an opportunity to tie the biology and aerosols together."
I imagined being near the ocean, inhaling the salt air, feeling the moisture on my skin, in my hair. The spray reaches up, up, up, out of the sea. And just below the surface, the churning waves and frothy foam force bits of dissolved air down between the molecules of briny water. And the oxygen in that air supports life: microbes, plankton, bacteria and the food web that eats them.
"Phytoplankton, the plant plankton, are always tightly coupled with the creatures that eat them, and there are lots of things that like to eat them," Behrenfeld explained. Oh, I'm sure they're delicious. "The rate at which they are dying is almost perfectly matched with how fast they grow. The faster they grow, the faster they die. The only way they can bloom is if they get away from their predators. When they grow faster than the guys eating them, they'll bloom."
It's that interface, the boundary zone where the atmosphere blends into the ocean and the ocean blends back into the atmosphere, the place where mixing, churning and friction form turbulence. That's the interesting place, physically, biologically and personally. This air-water interface is also where oceanographers stick their heads out of the water and look up toward the sky to interact with atmospheric scientists who simultaneously look down from above into the water. Behrenfeld described it as working "with people in a different discipline so you get fresh ideas from another perspective and think about things in a new way."
When I asked him what he liked most about watching NASA's C130 fly overhead from the NAAMES ship, he responded, "The C130 is a big critter, and when they would do fly-bys all the scientists would run up on deck. The first time the plane flew over us we were heading along the east coast of the U.S. and the plane was heading up to Canada. It was nighttime, and I got a call from the instrument operator on the plane saying, 'We'll be over in a couple of minutes.' This bright green flash of the Lidar instrument started cutting through the clouds and just painted the ship with green light. It was very cool. Scientists on the plane could see the ship, too."
Behrenfeld and the rest of the NAAMES team hope this research will help them learn how changes in climate will impact ecosystems. "If you look at blooms from a traditional standpoint, that more sunlight causes more blooms, you might expect that warming would give you a bigger bloom. But phytoplankton blooms are initiated by deep ocean mixing, and if you warm the ocean, then your winter mixing depth will be less and you might have a later onset of the bloom or a smaller bloom. The potential consequences of change in blooming areas could be huge."
Thank you for reading and for your comments.
North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study is part of NASA Earth Expeditions, a six-month field research campaign to study regions of critical change around the world.
April 28, 2016, 09:57 PDT
We're over being bummed about climate change and ready for solutions.
If you're anything like me, sometimes you feel a bit pessimistic. You can get caught in a bubble of icky vibes that bring you down. This is why I had difficulty writing about a conversation that climate communications expert Susan Hassol and I had about climate hope. We were discussing how to look toward the reality of climate change without freaking out or turning away. We agreed that being afraid is not helpful, and that a better response to the problem includes facing climate change with courage, optimism and integrity, while still feeling all of the stressful emotions, even though that's hard.
Yet I wondered how to inspire others when I'm feeling unmoved and glum.
Then I went out to Riverside, Calif., where I gave a speech at the American Public Works Association, a group of city planners, public works officers, contractors and consultants who draw up plans for building roads, bridges, buildings and landscaping. I learned about an extremely drought-tolerant grass species especially developed to avoid wasting water on golf courses. I sat near a guy who consulted a number of cities across California on their plans for multi-use pedestrian/cyclist/automobile roads.
In an instant, I understood Hassol's point: "Of course there's a huge problem, but if you keep hitting people with problems, they just want to pull the covers over their head. Focusing on the solutions is energizing, it's inspiring, as opposed to leaving people so depressed that they have no energy to act. There really is a lot to be positive about."
Look, I know it's really hard to be optimistic when you're down. So the best antidote to fight off the climate blues, according to Hassol, is to take action. "I do more work, give more talks, work with more scientists, get out there, and give people real hope. I also balance my reading," she continued. "For every couple of articles I read in science journals about the melting poles, the hottest year on record, the worst fire season on record, the flooding, I try to look at what's happening on the solutions side: the growth in solar and wind, the improvements in the economics of renewable energy, the ambitious action taking place in cities, states and countries around the world."
"What makes people happier is more time to do the things that really matter," Hassol continued. "Stuff is not what makes us happy. Relationships are what make us happy, walks in the woods, reading books with your kid. None of those things are based on consuming. This is about having more integrity in our lifestyle choices, about having more time, more peace. We can grow personally, without always growing the economy."
There's an extra positive bonus, she added: "You'll know that you're making a positive contribution to the world."
Climate change is not distant in time or space. It's in our own backyard now, affecting all of us. And we're going to pay, one way or another, or as Hassol then reframed it more positively, "The sooner we reduce emissions, the less it will cost. So let's do as much as we can, as fast as we can."
She excitedly went on to list a number of positives, namely the big increases in renewable energy use across the board, from individuals to cities:
- Scotland generated nearly 60 percent of its electricity with renewables in 2015 and is aiming for 100 percent.
- Nine massive U.S. companies pledged to go 100 percent renewable, including Nike, Walmart, Goldman-Sachs, Johnson and Johnson, Proctor and Gamble, and Starbucks. This is a good financial investment, given that the most ambitious companies have seen a 27 percent return on their investments. They're not doing it because they love polar bears; they're doing it because it's good for their bottom line.
- Goldman-Sachs in particular says it's going for 100 percent renewables by 2020.
Between climate change and El Niño, 2016 will likely break the global temperature record. But we'll potentially have a turning point with renewables, so this year could be big. Listening to her voice got me excited, even though I'd woken up melancholy.
I wondered when climate change and a strong push for renewables will make its way to the top of the inbox. "The thing that gives me the most hope," she said, "is that I feel we're right at that inflection point right now. It's not a time to let up, it's a time to push hard."
Thanks for reading. I look forward to your comments.
April 19, 2016, 10:51 PDT
Game on, climate change! This Earth Day, be confident
Cimate change news is intense. Ice caps are melting, the fire season lasts all year long; we have epic storms plus record-breaking floods, droughts and cyclones.
And this year will probably be the Hottest. Year. Ever.
When I interact with the public, I'm bombarded with questions such as "Are we all going to die?" and "How soon will humans go extinct?"
Happy Earth Day, everyone (wipes brow, rolls eyes).
Yet, when I wake up in the morning I'm excited to come to work. I'm energized. I'm amped, really amped. As in, kicking-butt-and-taking-names amped. Why? Because global warming is the greatest challenge of our lives, and challenge is what drives us. Challenge provides us with opportunity, challenge forces us to grow, challenge opens the way for amazing achievement. Challenge is exciting. Without challenge, without struggle, without discomfort, no one would ever advance.
So, when someone gets in my face and is super negative, I try to stay powerful, strong and confident. I tell myself that pressure is okay and I'm going to keep moving no matter what. Because I care about this planet so much that I choose to make a difference.
Yes, carbon dioxide levels are high and increasing rapidly. Yes, future generations will have some extraordinarily difficult challenges to deal with. But denial, avoidance and helplessness aren't solutions. Can you imagine if we NASA peeps just sat there saying "Oh no, that's too hard" when faced with huge obstacles? Are you kidding me? Come on! You think it's easy to build science instruments on satellites and launch them into space? You think it's easy to measure glaciers melting around the edges of Greenland, or the condition of coral reefs in the Pacific, or plankton blooms across the North Atlantic, or conduct eight field research campaigns in one year?
When the going gets tough—and it does, almost every day—we don't just stop. We keep working. We know that no successful person got As on every test and that failure and struggle are part of accomplishment. We know that grit and determination will get you everywhere!
In this blog, I write about ocean pollution, sea level rise, climate change and decreasing biodiversity not to scare you, but to empower you, so we can make a difference—you and I, together. Someone reading this blog entry might be the creator of a new breakthrough technology, and then there will be a whole new reality.
So, when you think about the challenge of climate change this Earth Day, consider the possibility of welcoming that challenge. Our shared story could be a story about not giving up, about looking forward to growth, about saying, "Game on."
Find out more about NASA earth expeditions here.
Join NASA for a #24Seven celebration of Earth Day.
Thank you for caring enough to make a difference and for being powerful in the world.
March 30, 2016, 06:35 PDT
Sorrow and excitement
Watching global warming in real-time from a NASA plane
Hey, readers: Our team reads your comments. We share them at our meetings. Sometimes they make us laugh, or sigh, or even scratch our heads.
We see that you see us. Yay for connecting!
And this is how I know you've noticed NASA's latest airborne campaign, where NASA scientists fly a bunch of NASA instruments on a NASA airplane to study more details about Earth. Cool, right?
Lately, we've been flying around the edge of Greenland collecting radar data about how much its glaciers are melting into the sea. And the most common comment we get goes something like "Wheee! Let's go. Take me with you." When I told a friend about the possibility of joining the team in the field, she exclaimed, "All expenses paid?"
HAHAHA … no. As if a NASA expedition to Greenland is like a resort vacation instead of a giant heaping pile of hard work.
"When I looked down at the rivers of ice running into the ocean, it was shocking to think about the effects of rising sea levels as far away as California or Antarctica," said Principle Investigator Josh Willis, two days after returning from his first trip to observe this pristine part of our planet as it melts into the sea and goes bye-bye. "Yet, I had a blast." Because even though we all probably have many complex emotions about climate change, ice mass loss and sea level rise, we can still simultaneously feel super duper stoked about the chance to fly over the glaciers of Greenland in a freaking NASA plane. "The mountains, the ice, the water and the ice in the water are incredibly striking even though it's lonely to see it disappearing at the hands of human activity," he told me.
Yes, emotions are weird, and yes, there's an awkward contrast or odd juxtaposition between feeling both thrill and grief at the same time.
But that's life, I guess.
So just in case you're still envisioning a champagne-swilling, caviar-scoffing, gangsta, hip-hop music video scene, here are a few things that might surprise you about the kind of major effort it takes to get on board NASA's G-III plane and join the Oceans Melting Greenland field campaign:
Kick booty in a fire-resistant flight suit
So, you think you'd kick some booty in one of these flight suits? Oh, yeah. Totally. Well, so do we. Would you kill to have one? But the real reason the pilots think they're so fab is because they're fire-resistant. They. Resist. Fire! With racks and racks of science equipment wired with electrical cables, the crew has to be extra careful about fire on the plane. So wearing one of these flight suits is required.
A load of gas and no mistakes
A trip to Greenland sounds all romantic 'n' stuff, but operating a science instrument aboard a flying science lab on a six-hour flight every day is hard work. Just check out these flight paths. According to Project Manager Steve Dinardo, "You get a full load of gas and no mistakes." Notice the flight path zigzags across the complicated coastline of the entire island. That's because global warming of Earth's atmosphere is melting the top of the ice sheet. But, aha! The ocean water around Greenland is even warmer than the air. That warm water is busy melting the glaciers from around their edges, hence the name, Oceans Melting Greenland, which will find out exactly how much of this melting is going on.
Instruments, instruments and more instruments. And did I mention some serious training?
The NASA modified G-III aircraft is … modified. (Did you notice the word "modified"?) What modified means is the plane has holes in it so experimental science instruments can stick out. And more scientific instruments are attached in, under and onto the plane in all sorts of configurations. To get to fly on this baby, you'd better have some training. Yep, some serious training: Safety training, first aid training, survival training. You get the idea.
Keep warm, in style
I can work the runway like a glamazon in this red coat, but it's rated for survival in 50 degrees below zero. I said survival. In case of emergency. Does this sound like your all-inclusive vacation package now? With a survival coat? And there's a survival vest too, with a beacon attached, and food rations, a pocketknife tool set, fishing gear, first aid supplies, a radio and a laser pointer for playing with cats—oops, I mean for signaling emergency and attracting rescue. The thing weighs about 20 pounds. Everyone on the plane has one of these puppies, and you'd better believe they know how to use it. If there's a problem, the team would have to survive three to five days out in the wilderness until they're rescued. I don't mean to scare you, but at NASA, when we say we care about safety, we're not messing around.
"It's not a triumph of human achievement that we're melting the ice sheet," said Willis. "When you see how huge these glaciers are and this huge chunk of this ice sheet disappearing into the ocean, it's almost incomprehensible even when you see it from 40,000 feet."
Find out more about Oceans Melting Greenland here.
View and download an OMG poster/infographic here.
Thank you for your comments.
Oceans Melting Greenland is part of NASA Earth Expeditions, a six-month field research campaign to study regions of critical change around the world.
March 16, 2016, 07:49 PDT
Greenland is melting and it's time to pay attention
Yes, yes, Greenland is melting. You already knew that…probably. And the giant flux of fresh water pouring out of the second largest ice sheet on the planet isn't slowing down anytime soon. Greenland's ice melt is actually accelerating. In the last decade alone, NASA's twin GRACE satellites measured it gushing 2 trillion tons of ice like a fire hose pouring fresh water into the North Atlantic.
But it's easier to focus on politics, celebrity gossip, reality TV and cat videos than on Earth's climate. It seems like everyone's all "Greenland? Who cares. Whatever. Next." And that upsets me.
Is it really that easy to pretend the effects of global warming don't exist?
We overlook Greenland ice loss at our own peril. It's one of the largest contributors to accelerating sea level rise, and in the U.S. alone, nearly 5 million people live in 2.6 million homes at less than 4 feet above high tide. If you happen to be one of them, you should definitely pay attention to Greenland.
Fortunately for all of us, NASA is paying attention to Greenland in a big way. We're so concerned about the amount of ice loss that we've named a Greenland observing expedition Oceans Melting Greenland, or OMG for short, because that's the most appropriate response to the phenomenon.
This week, OMG heads up north on one of NASA's G-III modified airplanes to continue a five-year mission that will look closely at how warming ocean water interacts with glaciers surrounding Greenland and melts them. The project began this past year by mapping undersea canyons via a ship equipped with an echo sounder. For this next part of the investigation, a radar instrument attached to the bottom of the G-III, called the Airborne Glacier and Land Ice Surface Topography Interferometer (GLISTIN-A), will be able to measure precisely how much the oceans are eating away at the edges of the ice on a glacier-by-glacier basis.
Instrument integration (a fancy word for attaching instruments to planes and making sure they work and don't come loose) went down at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center, and Principal Invesigator Dr. Josh Willis, Project Manager Steve Dinardo, Co-Investigator Dr. Ian Fenty and I headed there to check it out.
Glaciers on the edge
As the technicians and engineers tweaked fistfuls of wires, we crawled in, under, through and around the aircraft. Then Dr. Ian Fenty (who helped design the flight plan) and I sat aboard our flying science lab and talked ice loss for a while. "We often find that a glacier that's been retreating a lot might be in 1,000 feet of water," he explained. "Whereas the glacier that's not thinning very much is in water that's only 100 or 200 feet deep." That's because the layers of ocean water around Greenland are in a very unique situation, where you have colder fresh glacier meltwater near the surface over salty ocean water that, due to climate change, has been warming. The water found at 600 feet and below is a relatively warm 4 degrees Celsius compared with the surface water, which is just near freezing at 0 degrees. This means that the "primary suspect" behind the acceleration of Greenland's melting glaciers is the warming ocean waters that can get right up against the edge and interact with the glacier itself.
As the surface of lower elevation glaciers melts, the water percolates through the ice and forms giant subglacial channels, like a river system under the ice. If the ice running through these narrow rivers breaks off, the friction between the glacier and the substrate gets reduced a bit and literally stretches the ice so the glacier thins out. OMG's GLISTIN-A radar is going to measure the height of the ice. "If we see a change in elevation from one year to the next, we can know how much ice is being lost and how much the movement of the glacier is speeding up." Over the next five years OMG plans to go back to Greenland to look for more changes.
As I left the hangar and headed home, I thought about how Greenland is such a weird part of the world and how much I hope our society can put aside its troubles so we can work together to preserve it.
Find out more about Oceans Melting Greenland here.
Thank you for your comments.
February 24, 2016, 10:52 PST
Of course Earth is the best planet. But aren't you a bit curious about NASA's missions to Mars?
A few weeks ago, a journalism student approached me about interviewing a NASA spokesperson about the pros and cons of going to Mars. I could tell by her tone and the way she phrased her request that it was thinly veiled code for "I think it's stupid for NASA to waste so much money sending people to Mars."
Look, I appreciate Planet Earth as much as, if not way more, than the next person. I'm one of the few people I know working at NASA who has never even wanted to be an astronaut. Sure, floating and flying gravity-free would be full-on fantastic for like…wait for it…fifteen minutes. But being stuck in a metal tube without windows or showers, eating nasty food and using a space bathroom make me shake my head no faster than you can say "Buzz Aldrin."
But really, I have to have the smell of dirt, the smell of the soil of our Earth. Yes, you may be rolling your eyes right now and thinking I'm weird. But trust me, smells affect our reptilian brain and they're super important. You wouldn't value the smell of Earth until you didn't have it, and then it would drive you bonkers. Besides, if you're a journalist, you should know that NASA sends more robots to space than it sends people. Robots are a bargain, so as far as I'm concerned, we can send as many of them to the red planet as we please.
Still, I understand why some people get upset about the idea of going to Mars, whether we send humans or robots or salami sandwiches. But the arguments for and against have already been hashed out and are so well documented that anyone with access to the Internet can read up on the topic for days.
So, now back to Earth, the interesting planet. And scene.
Except wait a minute. Wait just one minute.
What if you got the chance to go inside one of the space-pod living quarters NASA is developing for astronauts to potentially live on the surface of a planet other than Earth? Would you be curious? Just a little? Would you go inside and check it out just to see it? Hell to the yes you would. Totally.
So would I.
Which explains how I managed to be standing in the entry area part of "the habitat" in the Structures and Materials Lab at NASA's Langley Research Center, hearing a drawn out "whoosh" sound. "You're gonna get a burst-a air, and then you're gonna have your ears pop," said David Mercer, a NASA application developer, in a Virginia accent. He was giving me a tour of NASA's Expandable Habitat Demonstrator, a white pod-looking thing that reminded me of a giant dinosaur egg, the possible-someday-future crib of up to six astronauts.
Mercer explained that the whoosh sound was the pressure being equalized in the air interlock area. It's like one of those mud rooms where people store their galoshes, and where astronauts would probably store their uniforms so as not to contaminate the living quarters. Astronauts would equalize the pressure in this entryway before going outside by creating a vacuum if they were on the moon or by filling the air interlock area with Martian atmosphere if they were on Mars.
The habitat and the journey
After the pressure equalized, we stepped across a threshold, which looked like the porthole entryway from any sci-fi film you've ever seen, and into the inner compartment of the habitat, a round white space that was about the size of my bedroom. I wondered how anybody could live in the teeny little room.
We emerged from our dino egg and Mercer continued to show me around the Expandable Structures for Lunar Landers and Habitats Laboratory. I was surprised to learn that these odd, egg-like, otherworldly space-houses were made from lightweight, flexible, expandable and durable fabric and that these new, innovative materials would likely have countless uses here on this planet.
Then Mercer led me over to a crane-looking contraption with a space forklift and a space scoop attached to it like a ginormous Swiss army knife made for space: the Lightweight Surface Manipulator System, which gets mounted on top of the lander to unload the habitat. "The landers would get there before the astronauts," he explained. "The first lander's robots would go around scouting out places to set up base. You would probably go out with a mobile device like a plow and level everything out. Then another lander would come with a habitat, or several landers with several habitats."
The point of all this is to design, develop and build various expandable structures, including landers, habitats, excavators, transport vehicles and construction tools that may someday serve as a sustained settlement or outpost on another planet. All of it needs to be versatile, modular, compact, durable and light-weight. Piece o' cake, right?
On top of those challenges, astronauts have to be concerned about being bombarded with radiation during solar storms, which can last up to 36 hours. The journey to the moon is only two days, but a trip to Mars could take up to six months depending on the propulsion and how the orbits of the two planets line up. On a long journey like that, they'd have to go into some kind of protected area. Mercer pointed to a space the size of a small walk-in closet and described a scenario of up to four people huddling in the closet for the duration of the storms. Wheeee! Sounds super fun, right (sarcasm intended)? You could come out for a few 15-minute intervals during the storm, he explained, to take care of b'ness (if ya know what I mean).
But honestly, why do all this? Why go to all that trouble building and testing structures and materials for potential travel and habitation outside of Earth?
Because there's something about having a goal that's barely attainable that sets an aspirational tone for all of us, whether or not we work on NASA's journey to Mars. Reaching towards an intangible goal, towards what seems almost impossible, inspires motivation, commitment, purpose. It's visionary.
And being inspired by something visionary requires looking beyond what others regard as stupid or wasteful.
I look forward to reading your comments, visionary or otherwise.
February 9, 2016, 20:46 PST
The real ice sheets of Antarctica
"I'm looking at 10 glaciers and I'm sitting on one," said Dr. Heidi Roop of the University of Rochester over satellite phone. "I'm looking at a landscape that's been here for millions of years unaltered by people." Roop had called me from Taylor Glacier, an outflow of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, which flows down through Antarctica's McMurdo Dry Valleys. I'm looking at a mountain that no human has ever touched, ever. This is a landscape where it feels like humans shouldn't be. There are no animal trails, no trees. There's rock and ice and us."
Roop and the rest of the eight-person team, which included one driller, two scientists, three Ph.D. candidates and a camp cook/manager, had come to drill for ice cores at Taylor Glacier because of its unique configuration. Drilling ice cores is a technique climate scientists use to collect samples of trace gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and carbon monoxide that have been trapped in air bubbles in the layers of polar ice.
Air bubbles make up 10 percent of glacier ice. That may sound incredible, but it's true. In fact, teams of scientists spend entire careers studying these ice cores to learn about Earth's atmosphere. In a traditional ice core, the ice is horizontally layered. The surface layer is the youngest, made of recent snow with modern atmosphere filling tiny spaces between snowflakes. Ice core science teams drill vertically down through time. The deeper you drill, the further back in time you go. (The deepest borehole, at Vostok, Antarctica, is more than 3,600 meters deep.) According to Dr. Peter Neff, a glaciologist who was also on the call, "We now have a very good understanding of past greenhouse gas concentrations because there's been so much research since the 1990s, especially methane, for example. The signal of methane concentration is globally representative and we know from these ice cores the heartbeat of methane through the past 800,000 years with high accuracy."
Scientists drilling for ice cores head to Antarctica because it's the cleanest place on the planet. (There's so much more pollution and dust in the Northern Hemisphere.) "We're not studying Antarctica itself, although Antarctica is a huge player in the global climate system," Neff said. "But rather we're learning things about global climate that we can learn only in Antarctica. It's so far away, yet it holds clues that inform our understanding of the rest of the world."
Traveling back in time
Taylor Glacier is an unusual place on a continent that's full of the unusual, which is why this group of scientists traveled there. The glacier flow has essentially tipped ice layers on their sides, so to travel back in time the team can simply walk across the glacier instead of having to drill deep down. Time is stretched out north to south, so "as you walk northward you're going forward in time, from ice that's 80,000 years old, past the coldest part of the last glacial period 20,000 years ago (when it was so cold and dry there was less vegetation, so the atmosphere was dusty), all the way to ice that's only 8,000 years old," Neff explained. The team also took their Ski-Doo down the glacier about 10 kilometers to a site where they previously found 125,000 to 130,000 year old ice, which formed during the last interglacial period—the last time global climate was close to today's warm temperatures. Other ice core records suggest that this time period was actually several degrees warmer than today, making it our best analogue for the warm conditions we're headed towards.
Because the twists and folds of Taylor Glacier bring old ice to the surface, scientists only need to drill a few meters deep to collect very large samples from specific time periods. The team can core down into, say, the transition at the end of the last glacial period 20,000 years ago, when the climate system shifted back towards warmer temperatures—with some rapid climate change "speed bumps" along the way. The team hopes that gathering large enough samples of gases from this time period will help us understand what drives large climate shifts, what the real rates of change are and if we're headed towards any tipping points. "We can ask more specific questions because we can get much bigger samples, which gives us room to unlock minute details in the chemistry of gases trapped in the ice," Neff said. "For some work, we're literally chain-sawing a meter down into the ice and breaking it out with a big metal bar and taking out samples that are a meter long by 30 centimeters wide that weigh like 250 pounds," Roop added. "You should see my biceps right now."
24 hours of daylight
Although there is 24 hours of daylight during the summer in Antarctica, the drill team wakes up in the middle of the night when the sun moves behind a mountain range and creates a shadow for about five hours. "The sun just does a big circle around us, but the shadow makes it a lot colder, which keeps the drill from freezing into the glacier," Neff explained. Then Roop added, "When the sun goes behind the mountain, the glacier crackles and pops—loud pops like gunshots—because of the temperature drop."
Once they collect the ice cores, some are put into a pressure chamber under vacuum to remove all the modern air and are then melted. The gas from the ancient bubbles is released as the ice cores melt, and then gets carefully pulled into sample canisters, which are about the size of a SCUBA tank.
Near the end of this field campaign, the team will pull everything out to waiting helicopters using a big pink sled towed behind their Ski-Doo. The team will fly the ancient gases extracted from the ice cores to McMurdo Station before heading back to the University of Rochester Petrenko Lab, the Scripps Institute of Oceanography Severinghaus Laboratory, and the Oregon State University Ice Core and Quarternary Geochemistry Lab. The Ski-Doo will eventually hitch a ride from the helicopter as well, in a sling load dangling from a big wire cable tethered to the bottom of the helicopter. "Antarctica is a really emotional place," Roop said. "It's a rare, rare, rare, rare opportunity to go where people don't live, where people can't live. This is the edge of where humans should be. There's no trash, no animal tracks, no power lines, not even a bird; nothing to give you scale. It's like the exhilaration of breaking a rule, poking a boundary. And there's something thrilling about that."
The National Science Foundation has a Presidential mandate to manage the U.S. Antarctic Program, under which it supports researchers, coordinates all U.S. science on the southernmost continent and in the surrounding ocean, and provides the infrastructure and logistical support needed to make the science possible.
Find out more about the University of Rochester Ice Core Expedition here.
Thank you for reading.
January 19, 2016, 05:19 PST
Measuring global sea level: It's a long-term relationship kind of thing
"The moment the satellite separated from the rocket got me feeling emotional," Dr. Josh Willis, lead project scientist for the Jason-3 mission, told me. I imagined the satellite emerging from the nosecone of SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket and unfurling its solar panels 830 miles above where we were standing near the bar at the Jason-3 launch after-party. Seeing a NASA science dude with a crisp shirt, black suit jacket and—can you believe it—cufflinks was heartwarming. I recognized his dad, his wife, his in-laws nearby. My husband was there, too, along with most of our peers, all part of an odd little NASA ocean sciences extended family.
When Willis told me he "had affection" for the Jason-3 satellite, I felt relief; glad that I wasn't the only one who'd been anthropomorphizing. He said that the French engineers from CNES, the French Space Agency, who were responsible for connecting the satellite to the rocket, had drawn a pair of eyes on the nitrogen storage bags used for sealing the satellite to prevent rust. "It looked like it was alive," he said.
Unless you're a total whack, your affection for flight hardware builds up over time. And Willis' work with satellites that measure sea surface height goes back to TOPEX/Poseidon, the great granddaddy of ocean surface topography, which launched in 1992 when he was a graduate student. "Back then, the data was cool and interesting and was really accurate. It did what it was supposed to do, which was amazing to me." TOPEX/Poseidon was originally designed as a 5-year mission to measure currents. "In the beginning, it wasn't obvious that these satellites would measure climate change. It took years to ensure that the satellites were accurate enough to measure global sea level change, and, of course, now they're the most important tool for measuring global warming."
After 23 years of data, we're continuing the series with the launch of Jason-3, the fourth member of the family. "That's a huge triumph of science and engineering," he explained. "NASA always wants to do new things, but for climate science, we really need to do the same thing over and over. That's a different type of job." I looked around at our spouses and thought about how I explain marriage to my single friends: You can get a lot of interesting things from a long-term commitment. Willis agreed. It's a whole career, going the distance, not just one conquest after the other.
"It took years and years for the entire science team, which is a couple hundred people looking at this data year in and year out, to feel confident that we were measuring more than currents. Everything has to be perfect to measure global sea level rise." And over that 23-year period, while the scientists' abilities to use the data improved, global sea level rose an inch or two, which, sad but true, made it easier to measure.
Jason-3 launched just in time to observe the 2016 El Niño with its many extreme sea levels, storms and high winds in the ocean. The Jason-2 and Jason-3 satellites will fly right next to each other, separated by 60 seconds, and the calibration will happen over a wide range of different conditions. When I asked Willis if this year's El Niño is bigger than the one in 1997-98, he said, "The water at its peak temperature in the Pacific this time is warmer than the peak temperature in 97-98. But what most people care about is rainfall, and by that measure, we'll just have to wait and see. We've got a few more months before El Niño clobbers us here in the U.S. Plus, we've had another 18 years of global warming."
"Let's face it, the ocean dominates everything," he continued. "Two-thirds of the planet's surface is rising. That's the story of global warming. You have to have a satellite to see that, and the Jasons do what nothing else can."
As always, I welcome your comments.
TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 were cooperative missions between NASA and the French space agency, CNES. Additional partners in the Jason-2 mission included NOAA and Eumetsat. Jason-3 continues the international cooperation, with NOAA and Eumetsat leading the efforts, along with partners NASA and CNES.
January 6, 2016, 05:49 PST
A taste of the sea with Jason-3
Launching and lunching into space
The time has come, once again, to prepare for that thing we at NASA are best known for: launching satellites into space. And to commemorate this awesome occasion, I created, once again, an edible model.
This time, though, is a bit different. This time it's Jason-3, and I kind of have a soft spot for it. See, Jason-3 is an oceanography satellite, and to me, the ocean will always be the most important thing in the world. Scheduled to launch January 17 at 10:42 a.m. PST, Jason-3 follows its predecessors, TOPEX/Poseidon (1992), Jason-1 (2001) and Jason-2 (2008, the first launch I ever saw), to continue measuring global ocean surface topography – or variations in sea level.
Gathering highly accurate sea-level measurements allows us to understand both global and regional changes in sea level rise, ocean circulation patterns and, of course, El Niño. (Yup, look outside. It's raining its butt off, just like NASA scientists predicted it would, based on Jason-2 data.)
Also, by having a long, uninterrupted time series of data, we get the opportunity to better understand the long-term implications of ocean-warming due to climate change.
As usual, I made this model out of food I actually eat. The spacecraft bus is made of seafood risotto: rice, stock, butter, cream, clams, calamari, scallops, broccoli and saffron. The altimeter, which measures sea level, wave heights and wind speed, is tiger shrimp. The microwave radiometer, which measures water vapor and helps ensure instrument accuracy, is a clam shell. The GPS, which tells us the satellite's exact position, is bell pepper. The DORIS instrument and the Laser Retroreflector Array, which also provide satellite location info, are green beans. The solar array is nori seaweed.
Because I care so much about our ocean, and because much of the seafood around the world is unsustainably caught, I always use the Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch app when selecting seafood. The app gives recommendations for choosing seafood that's fished or farmed in ways that have less environmental impact.
BTW, yes, I ate the model. It paired quite nicely with a buttery Chardonnay.
Thanks for reading,
TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 were cooperative missions between NASA and the French space agency, CNES. Additional partners in the Jason-2 mission included NOAA and Eumetsat. Jason-3 continues the international cooperation, with NOAA and Eumetsat leading the efforts, along with partners NASA and CNES.
December 21, 2015, 06:15 PST
Cautious optimism around climate change
It's the winter solstice, the time of year when the Northern Hemisphere is the most tilted away from the sun and we get our shortest day and longest night. It's a time to rest, to sit quietly and to reflect on the events of the past year. Most assuredly, 2015 will again be another record-breaking year for Earth's climate. And while it's true that you and I have probably shared many feelings of disappointment about climate change every year, year after year, recently I've noticed a glimmer of hope.
So let's take a moment on this dark day to look towards the light of our shared future and be hopeful.
Here are a couple of things that made me feel optimistic over the past few weeks.
- COP 21 — On Dec. 12, 195 countries adopted the Paris Agreement at the 21st Conference of the Parties of the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change. The agreement aims to limit our planet's average global temperature rise to less than 2 degrees Celsius. Read the full document here. And while we all know that there is obviously much more work to do, the fact that we have some movement in the right direction is motivating.
- American Geophysical Union (AGU) conference — Last week 22.5 thousand Earth and space scientists from 114 countries attended AGU in San Francisco, California. This conference is where everyone comes to talk about their work and is also a great opportunity for the public to access the latest important science. I was inspired by a talk I heard by Susan Hassol of Climate Communication. Social psychology, she explained, tells us we're more motivated by thinking that we're not starting from scratch, that we're already on our way. She pointed out that 84 percent of Americans support clean energy, for example. "Not only do we have to feel hopeful, but we have to speak hopefully because people are motivated by hope." Hassol went on to point out that the cost of solar energy is falling, while the capacity of both solar and wind energy is rising. Yes, yes, yes, we are on our way.
- A new website, Climate Feedback, is poised to help scientists peer review the web by annotating directly into online media. For a person like me, who writes about climate science for a living, it's been devastating to see inaccuracies and confusion on this subject sometimes perpetuated by the media. The possibility of the scientific community being able to provide publishers, authors and readers with feedback about the scientific credibility of their content could be a real game changer. This has the potential to shift the public towards a much better understanding of the evidence around climate science. I'm so nervously optimistic about this one, I can't even say.
As this year comes to a close, I want to thank you for reading, sharing and joining together, and I'm so looking forward to our shared future.


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Reviewed By Donald G (Maplewood, MN) Reviewed for a 2010 Chevy Colorado —5/17/2016 3:45 AM
It took me a couple hours but it looks great now. I Like how it feels as well.
Reviewed By James R (Hanahan, SC) Reviewed for a 2006 Mazda Miata/MX-5 —5/5/2016 3:05 PM
I got them for my 06 MX-5 in two tone blue and black. The seat covers & steering wheel cover fit perfectly, both are very comfortable and attractive. The blue was darker than it appeared on the website but it still looks good. I recommend these to anyone.
Reviewed By Peter T (Venice, FL) —5/3/2016 11:36 AM
This is a great cover. Unfortunately it took me almost 4 hours to sew (good thing my life doesn't depend on my proficiency in that area). With all of that said Wheel Skins sent me another roll of thread so I could redo it. Now that I've done it once I'm sure I can do a much better job (I built my own house and even an award winning motorcycle so I'm not without some manipulative skills).
Know before you buy! Read customer reviews about Wheelskins Steering Wheel Covers or ask our Product Experts.
Thanks to constant use, one of the first places in your interior to get gummed up and to show wear and tear is the steering wheel. Even after cleaning, it's hard to cover up that black hand goo and any wear spots. So what's a discerning driver to do when faced with the grungy steering wheel? Cover it, that's what. And, if you're wondering how to install a steering wheel cover, you're in the right spot.
Tags: leather steering wheel wrap, steering wheel cover leather, truck steering wheel covers, custom leather steering wheel covers, steering wheel leather wrap

subset: commoncrawl


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Sold and Shipped by Barska
Barska CO10862 - 10-30x60 Colorado Zoom Binoculars
Barska 10-30x60 Zoom Binoculars are porro prism binoculars with a large 60mm objective diameter. These binoculars feature fully coated optics, aluminum body and fold-down lens cups. They are tripod adaptable, so you'll always have a stable viewing platform wherever you take the binoculars. The 10-30 x 60mm Colorado Binoculars allows you the flexibility, sturdiness and convenience you want when viewing the great outdoors. Zoom Binoculars make it possible to find your subject at lower magnifications, and then zoom in to view at higher magnifications to see the object in greater detail.
• Model # CO10862
• Magnification 10-30x, ZOOM Power
• Objective Lens 60mm
• Prism type Porro
• Prism Glass BK-7
• Optical Coating Fully Coated
• Focusing System Center
• Field of View
• (ft@1000yds/m@1000m) 195ft @ 10x, 96ft @30x
• Close Focus (ft/m) 10 feet
• Eye Relief 13@10x; 11.7@30x
• Included Accessories Neck Strap, Carrying Case, Lens Cloth
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Great buy
This review is from: Barska CO10862 10-30x60 Colorado Zoom Binocular
Pros: This is a super price for these binoculars. They are fully rubber coated and the lenes are fully coated with a lifetime warranty. Both sides of the binoculars are sinked to be adjusted by turning the wheel or by a fast lever with fine adjustments to the right side. I know these will be used while deer hunting this year in wide open areas and since
Cons: None
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Do you dress or choose gear in order to give an impression? What impression? Do you think of it that way?
A lady just posted on my local Facebook community forum:
She goes on to describe the typical iniquities and indignities we often talk about here (insults, thrown garbage, and specifically today, loose dogs).I don't have a car, so I walk to and from work thoroughly bundled up against the cold. The reaction I get from my town, just because I can't afford everything everyone else can, is one of hostility and disgust...
It's quite regular in BF Commuting for us to tell people they need to get out there on a 25yo mountain bike, with a backpack. I see these people. At first glance they look poor, like they're on the bike because they must be. There's another type out there that I think of as the Serious Commuter who have a touring bike, bright LED lights, day-glo windbreaker, panniers. They look wealthy, like they're on the bike because they want to be.


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- VietnamFoodFunding via Thanh Hoa Microfinance Institution Limited Liability
Vẽ's GroupVietnamFoodFunding via Thanh Hoa Microfinance Institution Limited Liability
Better Day ...VietnamFoodFunding via Thanh Hoa Microfinance Institution Limited Liability
01 - Nam Ngạn Group
Lan, who is married and has three adult children, owns and operates a food stall. While not the only means of generating revenue, the main source of income for the business is the selling of dried goods in the local community. Lan has been engaged in this business for over five years and earns approximately 2,000,000 VND a month from these activities.
In 2007, she joined Thanh Hoa Fund for Poor Women to gain access to financial services to help improve her living situation and ability to engage in business activities. Lan has already repaid a previous loan of 2,442,600 VND from Thanh Hoa Fund for Poor Women used to invest in expanding the business. She is now requesting a new loan of 6,000,000 VND for additional expansion. This will be Lan's fourth loan from Thanh Hoa Fund for Poor Women, and she plans to use the additional revenue generated from the business to improve the general living conditions of her family.
About the Other Borrowers in the Group:
1. Ngô Thị Ân is a 56-year-old female who is requesting a 6000000 VND loan to support her business in the food sector making and selling food.
2. P. Thị Mạc is a 63-year-old female who is requesting a 6000000 VND loan to support her business in the agriculture sector raising livestock.
3. M. Thị Hương is a 40-year-old female who is requesting a 6000000 VND loan to support her business in the food sector making and selling food.
4. Vũ Thị Hoà is a 39-year-old female who is requesting a 6000000 VND loan to support her business in the agriculture sector raising crops.
About Thanh Hoa Fund for Poor Women:
The mission of Fund for Thanh Hoa Poor Women (FPW) is to provide sustainable financial services to disadvantaged women in rural areas in the Thanh Hoa province.
*Note: To maximize efficiency and reduce costs, this loan was posted using a template to automate the translation by Kiva. Given that manual translation of entrepreneur profiles is costly, Kiva created this template for our Field Partner to allow them to continue to post loans in Vietnamese while providing quality and accurate information to Kiva lenders.
Additional Information
About Thanh Hoa Microfinance Institution Limited Liability (Thanh Hoa MFI)Thanh Hoa MFI works to provide credit to women and their families in the central Vietnamese province of Thanh Hoa, one of the poorest regions of the country. The institution's target clients are poor and low-income women who have the ability to work but lack the capital. Accordingly, Thanh Hoa MFI prioritizes single mothers, low-income women with children who have dropped out of primary school, and Viet Nam's poorest women who cannot access any formal financial services.
This is a Group Loan
In a group loan, each member of the group receives an individual loan but is part of a larger group of individuals. The group is there to provide support to the members and to provide a system of peer pressure, but groups may or may not be formally bound by a group guarantee. In cases where there is a group guarantee, members of the group are responsible for paying back the loans of their fellow group members in the case of delinquency or default.
Kiva's Field Partners typically feature one borrower from a group. The loan description, sector, and other attributes for a group loan profile are determined by the featured borrower's loan. The other members of the group are not required to use their loans for the same purpose.
About Vietnam
74View loans »
Success!! The loan was 100% repaid
- Repayment Term
- 22 months (Additional Information)
- Repayment Schedule
- Monthly
- Pre-Disbursed:
- Apr 20, 2009
- Listed
- Apr 23, 2009
- Currency Exchange Loss:
- Covered
- Ended:
- Jan 15, 2011


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Things to see and do - Lindoso
Leaving for Madeira
Granaries :
Nearby tourist site
Top searches Portugal and Madeira
Granaries : Michelin's recommendations
These grain stores which number about sixty, cover a rocky platform at the foot of the castle and form an extraordinary concentration, like a cemetery, of small granite buildings, perched on piles and some of which are topped with one or two crosses. Their careful construction dates back to the 18C and 19C. They are still used today for the storage and drying of maize.
Useful Information
- Address : N203 P - 4980 Lindoso4980Lindoso


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On Campus: Why high ranking could be bad news for Sooners
Editor's note: "On Campus" is a new daily file that is designed to take you around the country with our regional sites, providing current news, practice notes, features and more. It will be updated multiple times each day with new stories.
Why high praise may be bad news for OU
History is traditionally one of the Sooners' biggest allies. Recruiting gets easier when you can brag about seven national titles and show players statues of your five Heisman winners outside Owen Field. However, history's most recent chapters mean living up to the hype will force Oklahoma to buck a fresh trend.
Since 2006, when preseason polls are friendly to Oklahoma, it hasn't lived up to its billing. That's two full recruiting cycles. When the season kicks off with skepticism swirling around the Sooners' chances to make a splash nationally, Oklahoma plays its best football.
The numbers tell the story.
[Click here for a breakdown on those numbers]
Leonard the Great?
Depending on your perspective, Leonard Fournette is either the most hyped running back in the history of college football or the most hyped running back in the history of hype.
Either way, Fournette, LSU's ultra-talented freshman tailback, has developed stratospherically high expectations without ever having carried the ball for a single college play. He is the only high school player in Louisiana history to win the state's Gatorade Player of the Year Award twice. He has drawn praise from rapper Lil Wayne and invoked references to both Michael Jordan and Tiger Woods from his head coach, Les Miles.
[Click here to read the full story on Wisconsin's tall task]
K-State vows not to get upset in Week 1
On paper, Kansas State appears destined to rip Stephen F. Austin another orifice. Besides the obvious gulfs in talent and depth, the force of nature that is Tyler Lockett and the fact that the Lumberjacks have been outscored, 209-20, over their last four meetings with a Football Bowl Subdivision dance partner, there's the idea that the Wildcats have been reminded for weeks now about the turd sandwich they dropped against North Dakota State last August.
"I mean, it was surprising to the guys," linebacker Jonathan Truman said of the Wildcats' 2013 season opener on FOX Sports 1, a 24-21 loss to the Football Championship Subdivision national title-winners at Bill Snyder Family Stadium. "We expected to win that game. I feel we should have won that game.
"It was just -- it just didn't come out our way, and they did a fantastic job playing against us and scheming against us, and their players just made the plays that they had to make to win the game. So full congrats to them. But that's a year ago. I'm not worried about it. We're over it and we're on to (this) year."
[Click here to read the full story on Kansas State]
True freshman will make impact at ASU
Last season, Arizona State was one of college football's most veteran teams with 13 senior starters. This year, only six seniors should start, and the eight listed on ASU's two-deep depth chart ranks as the fourth fewest total in the nation.
In other words: The Sun Devils are going to be young.
ASU's junior and sophomore classes will have a significant presence, but Thursday's season opener against Weber State will show how much ASU will also count on true freshmen this season.
"We made a commitment to go with younger guys," coach Todd Graham said. "I'm comfortable with it."
[Click here to read more on Arizona State]
Gators days away from fresh start
Gators linebacker Michael Taylor listened to the question and then delivered a dose of his standard truth serum.
The question: Will Florida's early season schedule be a sufficient test for a team set to face one of the nation's most difficult schedules in 2014?
The background: Florida hosts Idaho on Saturday in the season opener, then welcomes Eastern Michigan to town before starting SEC play at home against Kentucky and then taking a trip to Alabama in Week 4. Idaho (1-11) and Eastern Michigan (2-10) combined to go 3-21 a year ago.
Taylor's response: "We had four wins last year. They might have had three wins combined, but that's not cake."
[Click here to read more on Florida's 2014 outlook]
QB mystery aside, UNC looking to back up AP No. 23
North Carolina is the only team left in the ACC and one of only a handful nationally that have yet to name a starting quarterback. And while the media isn't enjoying itself, UNC head coach Larry Fedora certainly is.
"Somebody is going to go out there," Fedora said, a mischievous glint in his eye. "It'll probably a quarterback, though."
Perhaps Fedora hopes to gain some advantage over Week 1 opponent Liberty, an FCS team out of the Big South conference. Perhaps he wants the two quarterbacks -- the incumbent Marquise Williams and the redshirt freshman Mitch Trubisky -- on their toes.
Or, perhaps he just likes messing with everyone.
[Click here to read more on the Tar Heels' goals -- regardless of the starter]


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text: Nakiri knives are versatile Asian knives with a thin, very sharp wide blade designed to cut vegetables and fruits so that the sliced fruits and vegetables don't stick to blade. This ensures for rapid, professional food prep in your commercial kitchen. Shop TigerChef for Nakari knives from Chroma Type 301 at great online prices.


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Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine is a translation of two Russian journals: Byulleten Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny and Kletochnye Tekhnologii v Biologii i Meditsine.
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine presents original peer reviewed research papers and brief reports on priority new research results in physiology, biochemistry, biophysics, pharmacology, immunology, microbiology, genetics, oncology, and other topics. Recently introduced sections of the journal, entitled Biogerontology and Human Ecology cover novel trends in science.
World scientific interest in stem cells prompted inclusion into Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine a quarterly scientific journal called Cell Technologies in Biology and Medicine. This publishes only original papers from the leading research institutions on molecular biology of stem and progenitor cells, stem cell as the basis of gene therapy, molecular language of cell-to-cell communication, cytokines, chemokines, growth and other factors, pilot projects on clinical use of stem and progenitor cells.
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Sarah M.
- Age 22
- 15 miles away (Hawthorne, WI)
Hi! I'm Sarah. I've been working with dogs for about 13 years. I've done 4-H dog training and have taught some classes in the past. I've babysat litters of puppies before and older dogs that have... More
Last signed in: More than 6 months
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May 28, 2016
Skies have been clearing from the morning clouds and fog we saw today. Skies will clear out completely as we move into the evening hours as the front passes through. On the back side of the front, drier air has arrived to locations west of I-55 already, and we will see the drier air filter in overnight. We will not see the full impacts tonight thanks to the moisture hanging around a little longer, but overnight lows will drop to a degree or two either side of 60.
Thursday through Saturday will see high pressure reassert control over the area, leading to sunny skies and seasonal to slightly above normal readings for highs. High pressure will start to weaken as we move through Sunday with the advance of our next cold front towards the area.
The front will arrive late Sunday into Monday, and that is where the forecast becomes more challenging. Two solutions look possible: 1) the cold front stalls over us, meaning an isolated shower or storm Monday through at least Wednesday or 2) the cold front washes out and little to no rain is expected Monday through Wednesday. For now, I am going to go with option 2 as I think we will see enough moisture in place to touch off isolated showers on Monday, but as of now, I do not think rain each day next week looks likely. We will continue to monitor the front and see what happens as we get closer.
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Email addressVerified
Phone number(▒▒▒) ▒▒▒- ▒▒ 69
333 Friends
Reviewed46 Reviews
- School
- University at Albany, SUNY, Champlain College
- Joel's Airbnb Symbol
Hey, I'm Joel!
I'm an upstate NYer living downstate in NYC. I'm an "app guy" (as my girlfriend's mom likes to put it) working for a financial software company. I snowboard, golf, and enjoy pretty much any outdoor activity unless it's raining.
Wish Lists (1)
Reviews (46)
Reviews From Guests
We had a great time staying in this apartment. It was clean and tidy and handy to public transport. It's a great base for exploring New York.
Joel's place was absolutely perfect. Super clean and just as described. On top of that Joel could not have been nicer or more accommodating. Thanks again for a giving us a wonderful place to stay!
My boyfriend and I stayed at Joel's place for 4 nights around New Years and we had a perfect time which was also due to this great apartment and the surroundings. The lower east side is a perfect neighborhood to be in, lots of restaurants and bars. The apartment is a lovely place for two people!!! If we go back at some point I'd love to stay at Joel's place again!!!
My husband and I just got back from a short trip to NYC where we stayed at Joel's apartment on the Lower East Side. As others have noted, Joel was a very pleasant and accommodating host. Although we originally arranged to arrive at 7:00 p.m. on Christmas Eve, due a late-notice federal holiday we were able to push up our arrival to 1:00 p.m. and Joel was really flexible with us, letting us acces the apartment early. That's the stuff that matters, y'all! The apartment was also quite cozy and the bed just right. And I haven't even mentioned the location - i.e. excellent, perfect, unbeatable! In short, we had a great visit. Thanks, Joel!
Great location, just as pictured, steps away from the subway. Joel was super helpful and friendly with suggesting local sights and getting around. He was also great to communicate with, and was easily able to accommodate our arrival and departure times. Thanks for a fabulous stay! We'll happily book here next time we visit NYC!
Great Location. Perfect space for a weekend trip to NYC. Joel was very accommodating. Highly recommended, will definitely stay again.
Joel was a great host. He met us at the apartment and explained everything we needed to know, he even offered us some tips of what to see and do. He left us a couple of books and information about NY. We talked almost every day and he always texted us to see how we were doing or if we needed anything. I highly recommend his place. Great host and beautiful and cozy apartment.
Joel is awesome!!! He is super responsive and helpful. We were in NYC during hurricane Sandy, and he always checked in on us to make sure we were doing okay and whether we needed anything. When we locked ourselves out of the apartment, he took the time to meet with us to give us a second pair of keys. His apartment is nice and comfortable, in a great neighborhood, walking distance from tons of great restaurants and bars. Great host, great apartment!
Joel met us right at the apartment when we got there, and told us all about the neighboorhood, things to do, how to get around. The apartment was very well kept, very clean, and the bed was very comfortable. I never for an instant felt unsafe with anything about the area or apartment building, and we had an really awesome time. Joel was a very very attentive and helpful host, apartment was even better than we expected, and the place was a two minute walk from the subway. Excellent all around.
The apartment was exactly what I expected and the location awesome, in one of the most beautiful neighborhoods in NYC. Joel was very kind and helpfull. Great Host. I had a lovely overall experience.
Reviews From Hosts
Joel was wonderful, we enjoyed having him in our accomodation and I'll recommend him as a guest
Great Guest!
Joel and guests were great. You can always tell that a guest is someone that host as well on AIRBNB. Joel took care of teh place like his own. thanks Joel and come again.
Joel and Dana spent a weekend at the apt. I enjoyed meeting them both. As a fellow Airbnb host and old house renovator he was a kindred spirit. They walked and fed my little beagle, as I had to go out of town at last minute for a meeting. Can't say how much I appreciated that. They left apt. in great shape and are welcome back anytime. Great guests.
Joel and Dana were really great guests - friendly, flexible, interesting, respectful, clean... you can't go wrong with this couple!
Joel and Dana were excellent guests - friendly, engaging, and respectful. They were very clean, super quiet, and truly good people. They needed very little from me, because they were very well organized, with all the details in hand for their adventures in and around Denver. I highly recommend them, and would love to see them here again. Thanks, Joel and Dana!
joel and spouse were very pleasant guests....we hope they had a nice stay and hope to see them again
References (4)
Joel's apartment is in a great location close to a bunch of great restaurants and bars. Clean and nicely decorated. A great place to stay for a weekend away in the city.
Joel's apartment is in the best neighborhood in NYC. You can actually stay within a one block radius of his place and go to a new place for breakfast lunch and dinner for a whole week without repeats. There's a ton of shopping and music venues around him as well. nd if you want to leave the lower eastside, you can always hop on a train, which is super close and convenient. And for a lower eastside apartment, it's surprisingly quiet inside. Also, it's clean and nicely decorated.
Joel is a great guy and his apartment is awesome. The neighborhood has the best restaurants, shopping, bars, music, and coffee shops. There are a bunch of different subway lines close by and its a short walk to other sweet 'hoods like the East Village and Soho. Plus, the apartment itself is really comfy, safe, neat, and clean. Its an ideal place to spend an NYC weekend!
I've known Joel for years and have loved staying over at this NYC apartment. Nice, clean, and well taken care of... The neighborhood has everything you want from a NYC stay. Fun places to go out, great places to eat, amazing historical landmarks, and that's just within a few blocks of this prime location!


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Open houses are scheduled at train stations across North Carolina as part of National Train Day.
North Carolina's Amtrak will celebrate the day on Saturday at stations from Charlotte to Fayetteville. The open houses will also help raise awareness of the new midday train service between Raleigh and Charlotte scheduled to begin in June.
The new service will increase North Carolina's passenger rail service to six trains daily between the state's two largest cities.
Currently, the state sponsors four trains daily, the Piedmont and Carolinian, which make a morning and evening run between Raleigh and Charlotte. The Carolinian also provides daily service to Washington D.C. and New York.
Open houses are scheduled for Raleigh, Durham, Burlington, Greensboro, High Point, Salisbury, Kannapolis, Charlotte, Selma, Wilson, Rocky Mount and Fayetteville.


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We are open from 8 AM to 5 PM, Monday through Friday with appointments starting at 8 AM. We are located at 6701 S. Minnesota Ave, south of the 69th St. and Minnesota Ave intersection.Download a map with directions.
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Peter FitzSimons
Peter FitzSimons is an Australian journalist and author, based in Sydney. He is also a former Wallabies player.
Down and out in Zimbabwe
Peter FitzSimons Did anyone bar the cricket tragics even know there is some kind of ODI comp on at the moment?
Revealed: The ruddy fuddy-duddy who bloodied Buddy Franklin of the Sydney Swans
Peter FitzSimons Who's been bagging Buddy Franklin? I can reveal the culprit.
The clod delusion: why Richard Dawkins is wrong on this one
Peter FitzSimons It is rare indeed I find myself disagreeing with anything said by the world's foremost atheist and one of the finest minds on the planet, Professor Richard Dawkins.
Daniel Ricciardo is the real deal - but don't take my word for it
Peter FitzSimons Daniel Ricciardo – he sounds like a good bloke, and drives like a demon.
Drugs ban means Paul Gallen should never captain NSW again
Peter FitzSimons The most staggering thing about the whole ASADA saga, which climaxed on Friday with the majority of Cronulla players having acknowledged that they – and let's be clear about this – were...
The revolution will not be aggrandized, but it's under way
Peter FitzSimons The overall effect of the Waratahs' wondrous win last Saturday night, on Australia's football landscape? I think the answer is rather reminiscent of the one Prime Minister Gough Whitlam...
'Race of the Century' was run and lost 60 years ago
Peter FitzSimons Peter FitzSimons revisits a story he wrote 20 years ago.
The Fitz Files
Missing map of Tassie puts Tassie on the map
Peter FitzSimons You can't make this stuff up, you know that? On Wednesday the usual controversy blew up when it turned out that the female swimsuits for our Commonwealth Games team boast a rough map of...
The FItz Files
No, Minister, funding cuts are unacceptable
Peter FitzSimons Dear Minister for Sport, The Hon. Peter Dutton,Minister, I seriously don't get it. I understand that these are straitened economic times, that there is a need for the tightening of the belts,...
Tiger Woods' star has long since shot into oblivion
Peter FitzSimons Tiger Woods, smoods, Peter FitzSimons is as excited about his return as he is a bout of lockjaw.
Ian Thorpe acknowledges he's gay, let's hope he's now happy as well
Peter FitzSimons Ian Thorpe is gay, you say? He's apparently "come out" in his interview with Michael Parkinson on Channel Ten on Sunday night? Gay, you say?
The Fitz Files
Distasteful – Todd Carney victim of a breach of privacy
Peter FitzSimons Listen, I can't think of anything specific, but I have been with the Herald for pushing 30 years now, and I am sure that in that time I have done a few things on a Saturday night that my...
Go you good thing! Nick Kyrgios is the real deal
Peter FitzSimons Many of us did in the wee hours, expecting to find the 19-year-old from Canberra, Nick Kyrgios, either on the edge, or already in the abyss in his round-of-16 Wimbledon match against the finest...
The Fitz Files
'Nine lives' Nick Kyrgios lights up Wimbledon
Peter FitzSimons The king is crook, long live the king. It is not that Lleyton Hewitt is gone yet because, typically, he is still fighting with his last breath to stay alive in Wimbledon.
The Fitz Files
Paul Gallen tackles man without the ball
Peter FitzSimons Look, this is a tad on the delicate side, but we have to get into the extraordinary rant this week by Paul Gallen, saying the NRL, had done "basically nothing" for Cronulla players in the...
The Fitz Files
Criticism of ASADA investigation ignores the real issues
Peter FitzSimons I've always liked 3AW's Neil Mitchell, as he is as far from your standard-brand shock-jock as it gets.
The Fitz Files
Brent Tate's critics should hang their heads in shame
Peter FitzSimons Listen, while you were out, they've been talking about the Brent Tate episode. Let's take this slowly.
The Fitz Files
'Punishment' for Josh Reynolds is ludicrous
Peter FitzSimons Bravo the NSW Origin side for a fantastic win, in one of the best games of football you'd see in six days march in any direction.
The Fitz FIles
More money for racing a bad bet for the people of NSW
Peter FitzSimons Peter FitzSimons objects to taxpayers facilitating the misery of mug punters via increased funding for the racing (gambling) industry.
Sir Jack Brabham: a genius behind the wheel
Peter FitzSimons When Peter FitzSimons met Sir Jack Brabham in 1994, he found a man who was both humble and proud of his achievements.


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STARmeterSEE RANK
Up 599,375 this week
Walter Greenwood (1903–1974)
English writer, whose 1932 novel "Love on the Dole" detailed the plight of the Lancashire poor during the depression. It was later turned into a successful play and was filmed in 1941. Greenwood wrote further socially-conscious novels which never quite matched the success of his earlier work. He also set up a movie production company, Greenpark, ...
Died:(age 70)


text: So whats the deal , maybe its something ive never noticed before but ive been running into alot of guys decked out in fully modded t4 Pve gear in PVP and generally damn near losing to their monster DPS. What exactly is the point of toughness if someone in a majority of PVE gear can damn name rip me to pieces. So yeah, whats up with that lol. Kind of makes PVP gear almost pointless, i know 9 out of 10 times these guys fall fast and definitly take a ton more damage, but the DPS gains almost out weigh the defenselessness in alot of situation. Whatever, food for thought.


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We've been there done that in this country, it was a waistedWould you be willing to produce Id and background check to buy ammo?
Yes, if it would help hinder BG from buying ammo
This is a discussion on Would you be willing to give up some of your rights within the Defensive Ammunition & Ballistics forums, part of the Defensive Carry Discussions category; Let me think for a moment....NO....
Yes, if it would help hinder BG from buying ammo
NO, I dont want the Government to know when I buy ammo
Let me think for a moment....NO.
We've been there done that in this country, it was a waistedWould you be willing to produce Id and background check to buy ammo?
Yes, if it would help hinder BG from buying ammo
ahhhh NO!
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No way. No how. Never!
"If we loose Freedom here, there's no place to escape to. This is the Last Place on Earth!" Ronald Reagan
The purpose of the US Constitution is to limit the power of government, not provide some nebulous wispy feely "safety".
The Preamble(sung to the tune of school house rock):
"We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America."
The only time the word security is used it is to "secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity".
Buying ammo with government spying or registration or "micro-stamping" does not "secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity".-Jay
Last edited by Jason Rogers; August 19th, 2008 at 09:38 PM.
I vote yes, I feel most BG's dont buy their arms legally. off the street, saturday night specials, black market.
* When the restriction is not a path to prohibition.
* Reasonable restriction can safeguard rights.
* When an unrestricted right causes harm to the law abiding (for example yelling fire in a theater, as people are trampled, does not define you right to freedom of expression).
This post will get an easy to predict result.
IMO gun-owners should not be crazies yelling "...from my cold dead hand!" What is cool for a spokesperson to say is not always the right reaction for a reasonable restriction.
I'm not saying ammo restrictions are 100% reasonable. I'm just saying, we should have a check on out gut reactions. Otherwise we are no better than the anti-gun crowd.
Having restrictions, like preventing the sale of hand guns in vending machines, does not "take our freedoms away." Likewise a reasonable restriction on ammo, MIGHT, be a good idea.
Most BG's will steal, get from a friend, or get a firearm from a criminal market.
I think MOST get the ammo from a retail location. Not that many re-load black market rings out there. Retail ammo is reliable, better priced then a criminal market, and easy to get.
Having something like a five year permit (id card) to purchase ammo (back ground check every 5 years) MIGHT be a good idea.
due to the phrasing i am content with my vote..
yes i would be willing to SHOW (but not have recorded) a form of ID such as a weapon liscense IF and only IF it actually stopped criminals.
but in reality they would get their ammo the same way they get their guns, they would have someone with a clear record and a drug addiction to buy the ammo and trade them drugs for it, nobody checks for "stollen" ammunition because it is normally expended by the people who buy it.
it can't work, it wouldn't work, so no
(per the wording, yes. in reality no.
"An armed society is a polite society" - Robert A. Heinlein
Since I proposed this question, you would naturally think I would be in favor of it, and while I would love to live in Platos crime free society, the facts are, we do not.
As some have said, if gun control would stop crime, then I would be the first to line up and turn my guns in. But we all know the cold hard facts, and that is only the good guys would be turning in their guns. And BGs would still buy there guns on the black market.
Same can be said for bullet registration:
In theory requiring background checks and Id to purchase ammo, would defiantly be a hindrance to BGs wanting to target practice. But the reality of it is they would just get there girl friend or other who has no criminal record to go and buy it for them.
Sad truth, but all of these kinds of restrictions could be swept upon us overnight if all of our governments triad (President, legislature, Supreme Court) was to be controlled by gun fearing liberals.
There is a problem. BG are getting ammo at retail locations for their black market guns.
Not saying, for certain, ammo restrictions will work. Then again, I don't what unique id numbered ammo brass. That would shoot ammo up to an all time high. Anyone have a better solution?
"These things just don't work well to solve real problems." Then what does?
Since the poll only dealt with ammo, I voted "No". The government doesn't need to regulate ammo purchase.
Member NRA, SAF and Georgiacarry.org
America will never be destroyed from the outside. If we falter and lose our freedoms, it will be because we destroyed ourselves. Abraham Lincoln
If you restrict ammo sales, the only thing you accomplish is giving the BGs another reason to break into my (or your) house. I don't really care if the BGs are buying all of their ammunition at Wal-Mart. They didn't get their guns legally, and if they can't get their ammo legally they'll get it through other means. Gun laws don't work any better than drug laws. I'm 54 years old and drugs have never been legal in my lifetime but that hasn't made them impossible, or even difficult, to get. The only thing drug laws have done is create a black market and vast criminal activity. Restrictions on ammunition would work no better. The only things that would happen are that the BGs would be using illegal sources and illegal means to get ammunition and the GGs would pay the price both in more criminal activity and in higher prices at the few remaining places willing to put up with the hassle of registering each and every box of ammunition. Do you think Wal-Mart is still going to sell ammo if they have to go through that much hassle? A simple "show your ID" is worthless. IDs are too easy to fake. Without running an actual background check each time you buy ammo, there would be no point and, as I've already said, if you prevent the BGs from getting ammo from a legitimate source, they'll just get it elsewhere.
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The anti-gun crowd is serious (and finding gun control success) by increasing the cost of ammo (taxes, id # ammo, etc) . They increase the cost, then after a while, show that the average owner is not accurate with a sidearm.
It is best to have gun owners who have practice with the side arm. I am willing to give up a little privacy to LE to safeguard my rights and keep costs down. Yes, as always, I am worried LE could track down all the guns and take them (this has often happened in world history).
However, in the current political climate, I assure everyone, if we don't give a little, we are going to lose a lot.
Agree to limited restrictions that will last 5 or 10 years. Then hopefully after 5 or 10 years, we would have a better, gun friendly, climate.
I am reading a lot into the poll, but it is the gut reaction from gun-owners that worries me. We get caught up trying to win an argument instead of keeping our eye on the true "right" and also creating the responsible image.


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Per a press release, the Sundance Institute will honor late film critic Roger Ebert with their Vanguard Leadership Award at a benefit in Los Angeles on June 5th. The award will be presented to Ebert's wife Chaz.
Sundance's Vanguard Awards were created in 2011 to celebrate the Sundance Institute's 30th anniversary; its first recipient was "Beasts of the Southern Wild" director Benh Zeitlin. This year, Ebert will be honored alongside filmmaker Ryan Coogler, whose "Fruitvale Station" won the Grand Jury Prize and the Audience Award at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival.
Ebert will be the second recipient of the Vanguard Leadership award after Sundance Institute Trustee George Gund. Here's Mr. Sundance himself, Robert Redford, on Ebert's role in the world of indie film:
"Roger Ebert was one of the great champions of freedom of artistic expression. When the power of independent film was still unknown and few would support it, Roger was there for our artists. His personal passion for cinema was boundless, and that is sure to be his legacy for generations to come."
It may be worth noting that one of the YouTube clips that was most circulated after Ebert's death took place at the Sundance Film Festival. During the Q&A after the world premiere of Justin Lin's "Better Luck Tomorrow" in 2002, an audience member stood up and scolded Lin and his cast for wasting their talent on such an "amoral movie for Asian Americans." In response, Roger Ebert launched into a passionate defense of the movie and its right to exist:
Most of the television coverage of the Sundance Film Festival revolves around stars: celebrity interviews and reviews of highly anticipated titles featuring famous actors. But in 1994, Ebert and Gene Siskel devoted a segment of "Siskel & Ebert" to a Sundance movie with no stars and no name recognition before it even premiered at the festival. That movie was "Hoop Dreams."
Once again, here was Ebert (and Siskel) using his power to spotlight movies that needed attention, rather than simply covering movies that would bring attention to their show.
Those are just two of the most famous examples; over the years, Ebert filed countless reviews and articles from the Sundance Film Festival, helping to start young director's careers and bring new, exciting films to wider audiences. You could say Ebert was at his best at Sundance. It's good to see him honored for that.


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'Presidential Doodles:' Oval Office Artists
The hand on the rudder of the ship of state, the finger on the nuclear button, has its frivolous, extra-constitutional moments, too. From the hands of presidents have come a wealth of improvised drawings on White House stationery, memos and Cabinet agendas.
They have been collected by the creators of Cabinet magazine and writer David Greenberg, in a new book called, Presidential Doodles: Two Centuries of Scribbles, Scratches, Squiggles and Scrawls from the Oval Office. Greenberg is a professor of history and journalism at Rutgers University.
The collection also includes art works created before the presidents took office — such as a detailed drawing of a horse created by Ulysses S. Grant during his time at West Point, and a young John Adams' diagram of the Pythagorean theorem.
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Long Island Sound seeks hat-trick of wins
Long Island Sound strives to stretch his unbeaten career record to three in the Irish Stallion Farms EBF Race at Killarney on Tuesday.
Long Island Sound strives to stretch his unbeaten career record to three in the Irish Stallion Farms EBF Race at Killarney on Tuesday.
Clare are through to the McGrath Cup final as Cork hurlers bounce back with a win.
South Kerry annexed their ninth Kerry Senior Football Championship title when they edged out Killarney Legion 1-13 to 1-12 after extra-time in a pulsating replay at the Fitzgerald Stadium that finished in semi darkness.
Nemo Rangers stayed on course for a record 16th Munster Club Senior Football Championship title with 1 0-14 to 0-08 victory over Killarney Legion at Páirc Uí Rinn on Sunday.
A game that did not spark to life until the final quarter saw South Kerry and Killarney Legion finish all square in the Garvey's Supervalu Kerry SFC final thanks to an injury time point from the boot of Jamie O'Sullivan.
Jack Naylor gets a welcome drop in class when she contests the Denny Cordell Lavarack & Lanwades Stud Fillies Stakes at Gowran Park.
Willie Mullins capped a successful day as Rupert Lamb ran out a taking winner of the Download The Free Racing Post Mobile App Handicap Hurdle, the feature event at Killarney on Friday evening.
Friday is the penultimate day of Killarney's August Festival and the feature event is the Download The Free Racing Post Mobile App Handicap Hurdle.
Algonquin continued his rise through the ranks with a gritty victory in the Vincent O'Brien Ruby Stakes at Killarney.
Willie McCreery is hoping Killarney sees some rain before allowing Devonshire to run in the Vincent O'Brien Ruby Stakes tomorrow evening.
Mistiness bids to make it two wins on the bounce when he lines up in the Monart Destination Spa Ladies Day Handicap at Wexford.
Cork football manager Brian Cuthbert accepts that some of his side's performances over the last year have not been up to scratch but feels that one big win will help to quell the criticism that he and his squad have received.
Michael O'Callaghan is confident Military Angel will soon enjoy her day in the sun following another admirable effort in defeat at Killarney on Monday.
Colm Cooper came off the bench to set up a crucial goal as Kerry captured their 77th Munster SFC crown with a 1-11 to 1-06 replay win over Cork at a rain-soaked Fitzgerald Stadium in Killarney.
Off Limits showed her true colours to collect Listed honours in the Irish Stallion Farms EBF Cairn Rouge Stakes at Killarney.
The Munster football final replay between Cork and Kerry will take place in Killarney on 18 July at 7pm.
Dermot Weld has a couple of interesting runners at Fairyhouse on Thursday, starting with Morselle in the Fairyhouse Welcomes Competitors Of The Tattersalls International Horse Trials Rated Race.
Nicky Henderson is considering giving Finian's Rainbow and Simonsig surprise appearances at Killarney's forthcoming three-day meeting.
Donagh Kelly & Conor Foley in a Focus WRC took victory in the Cartell.ie International Rally of the Lakes when they had 50 seconds to spare over the Impreza WRC of Robert Barrable & Damien Connolly.
There's likely to be a big crowd in attendance for Cork's student raceday, and the pick of the action could be the Don't Step On The Crest Handicap Hurdle.