text:
|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Número de solicitud
|Fecha de publicación
|12 Sep 1995
|Fecha de presentación
|31 Mar 1992
|Fecha de prioridad
|31 Mar 1992
|También publicado como
|Número de publicación
|Lee-Ching Kuo, Ming-Hann Tzeng, Yean-Kuen Fang
|Cesionario original
|Industrial Technology Research Institute
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (10), Otras citas (8), Citada por (11), Clasificaciones (14), Eventos legales (5)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
The present invention relates to an amorphous silicon color detector made from amorphous materials which by being applied with different bias voltages, will have different absorbencies for the three primary colors of red, green and blue, whereby the colors can be detected.
The present invention also relates to an amorphous silicon color image sensor which utilizes a plurality of the color detectors arranged in a linear array for sensing colors and images of documents, a scanning device for reading the output of the array of detectors, an A/D converter for converting the output to digital signals and a processor for processing the signals to output. The sensor can be used in a fax machine or a scanning machine.
The present invention further relates to a manufacturing method of the amorphous silicon color detector.
Presently known commercialized color detectors are mainly made of two types of materials, i.e., single crystal silicon and amorphous silicon. Single crystal silicon color detectors comprise two types of detectors, one comprises a photo-diode and a filter, and the other omits the filter, but is structured as a PNP type. The amorphous silicon detectors can provide the advantages of easy manufacturing process, reduced cost (because of low temperature process and because that the amorphous silicon can be deposited on large-sized substrates, an enlarged device can be made) and the amorphous material thereof can be grown on different substrates (such as glass, metal, ceramic and polymeric film). Therefore, the amorphous silicon is now more widely used in semiconductor devices. In particular, as the response spectrum of amorphous silicon is very close to that of the visible light and the amorphous silicon has a high sensitivity to light (i.e., the ratio of light/dark conductivity thereof is high) and a short response time of light, the amorphous silicon is deemed to be a good material for use as a light detecting material. Besides, the amorphous silicon has a very high absorption coefficient to light (±104 cm-1) in the visible light range. Please refer to FIG. 7, wherein curve A is a sensitivity curve of human eyes to light and curves B and C are the spectral response curves of amorphous silicon and single crystal silicon photodiodes to visible light, respectively. As can be seen in the figure, amorphous silicon has the maximal changes in relative sensitivity to light of wavelengths in the range between 400-700 nm. It means that the amorphous silicon has particularly high absorbance to light in a certain wavelength range, and hence is particularly advantageous for use as color sensing elements.
Amorphous silicon color detectors have been used in image sensors, solar cells, xerography machine and color sensors. Amorphous silicon color detectors are used to convert the light absorbed by the photodiodes or photoconductors into electrical signals for output.
At present, the most widely used amorphous silicon color detector has a filter plate on an amorphous silicon photodiode. As shown in FIGS. 8(a)-8(c), such color detectors mainly comprise three kinds of detectors, i.e., a visible light detector (see FIG. 8(a)), a single color detector (see FIG. 8(b)) and an integrated full-color detectors (see FIG. 8(c)). All these detectors comprise glass substrates 81, transparent electrodes 82, amorphous silicone 83, inner electrodes 84, lead frames 85 and resin housings 86. In order to achieve the object of a single color detection, the glass substrate 81 can be covered with a color filter plate 87 (as seen in FIG. 8(b)), or a filter plate 88 including the three colors of red, green and blue to reach a full-color detecting object (as shown in FIG. 8(c)). However, the above-mentioned detectors have a common problem, i.e., an additional filter plate is required, the structures thereof become more complicated and the cost thereof increases. To solve the above problems, an amorphous silicon photo-detector has been developed which needs no additional filter plate. Such detectors use a particular diode structure and according to absorbencies for different colors, are applied with different bias voltages thereto to distinguish the color.
The other type of amorphous silicon color detector omits the filter plate. The color detectors made by the method mainly comprise an a-Si:H (amorphous silicon) photo transistor and a-Si:H/a-SiC:H hetero junction and have a n+ -i-p+ -i-n+ structure, such as those proposed by Hsiung-kuang Tsai et al in a paper titled "An Amorphous SiC/Si Two/color Detector", IEEE Electron Devices Letters, Vol. EDL-8, No. 8; and by B. S. Wu et al in a paper titled "Amorphous Silicone Photo-transistor on a Glass Substrate" IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol. ED-32, No. 11, November 1985. The Chinese Patent No. 105721 filed by Si-Chen Lee, et al titled "Amorphous SiC/Si three-color detector" suggests a structure of the transistor-type as described above with an additional i layer added to the original i layers to form a structure of n+ -i-i-p+ -i-i-n+ which is as shown in FIG. 9. By being applied with bias voltages within the range of ±2 V, the detectors can distinguish three color lights of red, blue and green according to the absorbance of the junction to the lights. The spectral responses for the three lights are shown in FIG. 10. FIG. 10 shows the measured response under voltage bias of -2.0 V, -0.2 V and 2.0 V, respectively. When VCE =+1 V, the response to light having wavelength of 480 nm (blue light) is maximal, then blue light is detected; when VCE =-0.2 V, the response to light having wavelength of 500 to 600 nm is maximal, then green light is detected; and when VCE =-2 V, red light is detected.
However, the above transistor-type structure has the following disadvantages: (1) the structure is too complicated and the thickness of the p layer has to be controlled to about 100 Å, which is difficult to do during the manufacturing process; (2) the p layer has a high doping density which would most likely contaminate the adjacent i layer and would cause the i layer to become a p- layer and make the response to the spectrum poor; and (3) the structure disclosed in Chinese Patent No. 105721 is particularly complicated since it adds a second i layer to the first i layer, resulting in the structure of indium tin oxide (ITO)/n-i-i-p-i-i-n/metal. Different donors and energy gap densities are needed between the two i layers and during the manufacturing process. The conditions of the manufacturing process are controlled only by means of the flow ratio of the SiH4 /H2. Under such conditions, it is extremely difficult to grow i layers with different donor and obtain necessary energy gap density. The process parameters are dependent on the structure of the reaction chamber and the peripheral design of the reaction system. Therefore, it is difficult to control the process parameters to grow i layers with different donors and energy densities. Also, the specification of the Chinese Patent No. 105721 lacks the description concerning the manufacturing process of the i layers, no mention about what the relationship between the size of the energy gap and the conditions when the film is grown up. Obviously, it is not easy to control in manufacture.
One object of the present invention is to provide a color detector made from amorphous silicon without requiring additional filter plate. The color detector has a structure composed of an amorphous silicon back-to-back Schottky diodes which by being applied with different bias voltages thereto can detect different colors. The structure of the invention is not as complex as that of the above-mentioned prior art and the manufacturing processes are simple, thus providing a color detector which is low in cost, easy to manufacture, and has an extremely fast response to light.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a compact color image sensor which comprises a plurality of color detecting elements arranged in a linear array. The image sensor can scan a color document and detect images and colors of the color document by means of being applied with different bias voltages, and sending signals obtained after scanning to a central processing unit (CPU) for processing.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing an amorphous silicon color image detector whereby providing an color image detector with a simple structure at low cost.
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail by way of the preferred embodiments in connection with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows the structure of an embodiment of a vertical-type amorphous silicon back-to-back Schottky diode three-color detector of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows dotted curves of reverse bias voltage vs light/dark current obtained from the Schottky diode structure of the present invention which are made of Au/a-Si (1 μm), Pd/a-Si (1μm) and Cr/a-Si (1 μm);
FIGS. 3(a) , 3(b) and 3(c) shows the energy bands obtained by applying bias voltages of 0.5 V, 1.5 V and -1.5 V, respectively, to the three-color detectors of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 shows a spectral response of the vertical type amorphous silicon back-to-back Schottky diode of the present invention under the bias voltages of 0.5 V, 1.5 V and -1.5 V;
FIGS. 5(a), 5(b) and 5(c) show the photo-response waveforms under incident red LED light, the bias voltage being 0.5 V in FIG. 5(a), 1.5 V in FIG. 5(b) and -1.5 V in FIG. 5(c) , wherein ΔV represents the voltage difference between 10% to 90% of the photo-response waveform, and ΔT represents the rise time defined as the time needed to rise the waveform from 10% to 90%;
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of an amorphous silicon color image sensor which comprises a plurality of three-color detectors in a linear array of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 shows the relative sensitivity of spectral response of typical amorphous silicon and-single crystal silicon photo detectors;
FIGS. 8(a), 8(b) and 8(c) show the structural diagrams of a visible light detector, a single color detector, and an integrated full-color detector, respectively; and
FIG. 9 shows the structural diagram of a conventional SiC/Si amorphous silicon three-color detector; and
FIG. 10 shows the spectral response diagram of the detector of FIG. 9.
FIG. 1 shows a three-color detector of the present invention which mainly comprises a vertical-type amorphous silicon back-to-back Schottky diode 1. The vertical-type amorphous silicon Schottky diode 1 comprises a transparent conductive oxide thin film layer 11 (e.g. a TCO (Indium Tin Oxide) layer in the figure), an a-SiH layer 12, a metal layer 13 and a glass 14. The diode should have a total thickness ≧0.9 μm and the material of the metal layer 13 is a metal selected from the group consisting of Cr, Au, Pd, Al, Pt, Mo, Ag or Ti. Additionally, the transparent conductive oxide thin film 11 can be indium tin oxide thin film (ITO), a SnO thin film or a ZnO thin film. In the figure, it can be seen that the diode of the present invention only includes one intrinsic layer of amorphous silicon. The light source is emitted to the diode 1 from the TCO layer 11 (in the direction of the arrow hγ in FIG. 1) and the diode 1 is applied with different bias voltages to obtain the function of detecting colors.
The manufacturing method of the vertical-type amorphous silicon back-to-back Schottky diode 1 in accordance with the present invention comprising the following steps:
(1) Growing the TCO thin film 11 on the glass 14 with E-beam gun evaporator, sputteror, thermal evaporator; the thickness of the TCO film is about 1000 Å;
(2) Depositing the a-Si:H layer 12 about 1 μm on the TCO thin film 11 by a GD-CVD (glow-discharge chemical vapor disposition) method at a temperature about 250° C., pressure 0.5 Tort and RF (radio frequency) power density of 0.08-0.14 W/cm2 ; and
(3) Depositing a metal layer about 5000 Å (Cr, Au or Pd) on the a-Si:H layer 12 in a E-beam gun evaporator system.
The present invention utilizes a Schottky diode as a detecting element. The metal layer 13 can be made from Cr, Pd or Au. The dotted I-V curves for diodes respectively made from the three metals is as shown in FIG. 2. It can be seen from the figure that each of the dark and photo current ratios of the metals is suitable for use in the detector of the present invention. The dark current of Au is the lowest and is most optimal for use. However, both Au and Pd are too expensive compared with Cr. Since Cr is low in cost and its dark current value meet the requirements for the detector of the present invention, Cr is most often used in the detector. The thickness of the a-Si:H layer being more than 1 μm will be helpful for better performance.
FIGS. 3(a)-3(c) illustrate the basic energy bands of the diode of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 at (a) V>0, (b) V=0 and (c) V<0. There are two back-to-back Schottky junctions with different absorption spectra in FIG. 1. The first junction is a Cr/a-Si:H junction and the second junction is an ITO/a-Si:H junction. If the applied voltage V>0, the ITO/a-Si:H Schottky junction is reverse biased. When the light is incident from the glass substrate, the photoresponse is dominated by carrier collection in this junction. Based on the above discussion, more than 98% of the incident blue light (wavelength thereof is about 350-500 nm) is absorbed within 1400 Å from the surface (ITO 11 in this case) which is closest to the emitted light. Hence, a shallow photon collection region is enough. The green and red lights can penetrate a deeper region; thus, in sensing these lights, a large bias is needed to extend the photon collection region. The green light (wavelength thereof is about 500 nm-580 nm) is absorbed deeper than 1400 Å from the surface (ITO layer 11). In particular, for absorption of red light, still larger bias or reverse bias (V<0) shall be applied to induce the deepest photon collection region for photo-excited carrier collection. However, in the back-to-back Schottky diode, the large bias is not appropriate since it may result in a breakdown situation. When V<0, the Cr/a-Si:H Schottky junction is reverse biased and the major photoresponse is determined by this junction. This reversed junction prefers to absorb red light, because only the red light can reach so deep a depth. The absorption region of red light is at the depth of 4000 Å of the diode from the surface (the ITO layer 11). Therefore, by changing the position and range of a depletion region (not shown) of the photo diode, the diode is allowed to effect different absorptions for light rays of different colors.
In accordance with the present invention, the three-color image detector has three absorbencies to emitted light under the bias voltages 0.5 V, 1.5 V and -1.5 V. FIG. 3(a) shows that when the TCO layer 11 is connected to a negative terminal and the metal layer 13 to a positive terminal of a voltage source (not shown) and a bias voltage 0.5 V is applied to the detector, the depletion region will be close to the TCO layer 11 and at the time, the detector absorbs most of the blue light of the emitted light. FIG. 3(b) shows that when applying the bias voltage (e.g. 1.5 V), the depletion region will be extended further inside the diode and most of red light of the emitted light is absorbed at the time. Further, when the TCO layer 11 is connected to the positive terminal and the metal layer 13 is connected to the negative terminal of the voltage source, the depletion region will be closer to the metal layer 13 and red light of the emitted light is absorbed, as shown in FIG. 3(c ).
FIG. 4 shows the test results of the spectral responses at bias voltages of 0.5 V, 1.5 V and -1.5 V for the color detector having the TCO/a-Si:H/Cr structure manufactured by the above-mentioned method. From the figure, it can be seen that at V=0.5 V, the detector mainly detect the blue photons with a peak response at λ=480 nm; at V=0.5 V, the peak response shifts to λ=540 nm, which means that the detector mainly detect the green photons at this time; and at V=-1.5 V, the detector mainly detect the red light and the peak response is at λ=628 nm. The three response curves can be clearly distinguishable for determining the detected color. In addition, FIGS. 5(a)-5(c) respectively shows the photocurrent response measured by using an electronic switching system and red LED of 150 lux as light source. The area of the diode was 100 μm×100 μm. The applied bias voltage in FIG. 5(a) is 1.5 V, in FIG. 5(b) is 0.5 V and in FIG. 5(c) is -1.5 V. Since a same light source was used, the measured rise time is also same for all bias, i.e., 60 ns. However, the voltage change V for each bias is different, i.e., 900 mV (in 1.5 V as shown in FIG. 5(a)), 240 mV (in 0.5 V as shown in FIG. 5(b)), and 1020 mV (in -1.5 V as shown in FIG. 5(c)), respectively. Such results can also be used as a supplementary evidence for the selection of color of the diode.
Another embodiment of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 6 which is an amorphous silicon color image sensor. The image sensor comprises a plurality of the amorphous silicon color detectors arranged in a linear array 61, an A/D converter 62, a CPU 63 and an analogue switch 64. The array of detectors further connects a scanner 65 which scans the detectors with a X shift register 651 and a Y shift register 652. The analogue switch 64 can provide a 1.5 V, a 0.5 V and a -1.5 V bias voltages to the array of detectors 61. In the embodiment, the bias voltage for detecting green color is 1.5 V, that for detecting blue color is 0.5 V and that for detecting red color is -1.5 V. The detectors 61 are as shown in FIG. 1 of the present invention. As mentioned above, by applying a common bias to each of the detectors, the detectors will detect the color of the incident light according to the absorbance of the light and output corresponding voltage values. In the image sensor, when used for detecting the colors of a detected document, the switch 64 is in turn switched to provide a 1.5 V, 0.5 V or -1.5 V bias voltage to the array of detectors 61 which responding to the input bias voltage output corresponding voltage values. The scanner 65 scans the outputs of the array of the detectors 61, then the A/D converter 62 converts the scanned values into digital signals and send the converted digital signals to the CPU 63 for magnification calibration into output after digital processing by the CPU. The image sensor of the present invention is particularly suitable for use in color fax machines or scanners.
From the foregoing, it can be seen that the color detector of the present invention is simple in structure, easy to manufacture and low in cost, wherein the amorphous silicon layer comprises only an undoped layer and therefore, quality can be easily controlled. In addition, the detector can be utilized in a compact color image sensor and thus can be used to scan and sense the intensities of the colors and the image of a document, thus allowing for use on fax machines and scanners at a cost lower than currently known color image sensors. The present invention can also be modified into various embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention and are within the scope thereof.
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Owner name: INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE A CORPOR
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:KUO, LEE-CHING;TZENG, MING-HANN;FANG, YEAN-KUEN;REEL/FRAME:006078/0004
Effective date: 19920325
|21 Ene 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|2 Abr 2003
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|12 Sep 2003
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|11 Nov 2003
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20030912


text:
Does anyone know where i could find a replacement safety flag for my Target In-Steep child trailer?
Does anyone know where i could find a replacement safety flag for my Target In-Steep child trailer?
If you can't find one in Target, Wal-Mart, or Toys 'R' Us, try a bike shop. You could go to a home improvement store and get a 1/2" dowel rod and staple a rag to it if all else fails.
Bikes use brakes to stop.
If your bike has breaks, don't ride it.
An LBS here has a bunch of them just in a barrel. A parent at my daughter's daycare made her own for the trailer she uses. My 6 yr old wants a jolly roger one for the trail-a-bike.
You know, you can get replacements at any LBS, but that flag was the first thing I threw away when I got my trailer and the tag along. I couldn't envision any instance when someone would not see the bike trailer, yet the flag would be visible and prevent an accident. I suppose if you ride around in parking lots a bunch where people are backing up SUVs, otherwise the whole trailer or tag-a-long bike is pretty conspicuous.
That being said, I never use the trailers in low light/poor visibility.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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People's views about some other brands such as Adidas, air jordan 4 military blue for sale Puma and Li Ning seem to be determined despite the fact that Li Ning claimed that he expected to exceed Nike. Yet this is more impossible than difficult. Then how this happens? Is it only because of Nike products or something else?


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Important Notice
Need help with math or writing? The Learning Center is here for you!
Tutoring is available Monday - Friday by appointment, though walk-ins are accommodated when possible. TLC is committed to helping you succeed in your studies at Southcentral Kentucky Community and Technical College by providing a number of free workshops, knowledgeable part-time tutors, and two experienced instructional specialists. Please feel free to contact us via email or call 270.901.1049 with any questions you may have.
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Writing help is available on the main campus in Room C-23 from 8 a.m.-4 p.m. Monday-Friday and in Room 151 at KATI Campus on from 4-6 p.m. on Mondays.
Math help is available on the main campus in Room C-22 from 8 a.m.-4 p.m. Monday-Friday and in Room 151 at KATI Campus from 4-6 p.m. on Tuesdays and Thursdays.
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text:
Myspace and New Favs IVJournal Entry: Mon Jul 2, 2007, 1:00 AM
- Listening to: Jeniferever . Ashes to Ashes
My Myspace
myspace.com/alvertigo </b>
myspace.com/alvertigo </b>
Myspace and New Favs IV by albertopoloianezWatch
©2007-2016 albertopoloianez
great favs
Your MySpace page looks great! I added you as a friend, too.
i added you on myspace :]
wow. these pictures are breath taking.
thank you for sharing such beauty.
take photo's of me
thank you for sharing such beauty.
take photo's of me
you're killing me..
you're killing me..
absolutely wonderful features. thanks for sharing
oh..! thx for sharing these!
once again thanks man! glad you like my stuff.
for that one.
I see you've got a thing for the ladies
"a girl" by ~Mistress-gothca si really good
"a girl" by ~Mistress-gothca si really good


text: Hi, this is Windows 2000 running with Office 2003. I am trying to take a print screen which I need to past in Word document. But as we know just hitting Print Screen key looks to cluttered, I prefer Alt + Print Screen. But the problem is after pressing Alt + Print Screen and pasting it into Word wont work. I dont know why. Can anyone please help me?


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Other hotels in this area can be found on the map. Or have a look at one of these hotels:
Av. Saenz Peña 396 Chiclayo - Lambayeque, Chiclayo Show map
Los Portales offers spacious accommodations in the centre of Chiclayo, just 5 blocks from the central Plaza De Armas. It offers a Peruvian restaurant, free Wi-Fi and complimentary parking.
The tasteful rooms at Los Portales Chiclayo have pale blue and beige décor with en suite bathrooms. All are equipped with an LCD and cable TV, air conditioning and a minibar.
Guests can benefit from a breakfast buffet with fresh seasonal fruits, natural juices and bread rolls. Due to its central location Los Portales is surrounded by several lively restaurants and bars.
Los Portales Chiclayo is 5-minutes drive from Chiclayo Airport. Guests can contact the hotel to arrange an airport shuttle service.
Rooms: 35
WiFi is available in all areas and is free of charge.
Free private parking is available on site (reservation is needed).
These are general hotel policies for LP Los Portales Chiclayo. As they may vary per room type, please also check the room conditions.
From 14:00 hours
Until 13:00 hours
Free! One child under 4 years stays free of charge when using existing beds.
One older child or adult is charged USD 14 per person per night in an extra bed.
The maximum number of extra beds in a room is 1.
Any type of extra bed or crib is upon request and needs to be confirmed by management.
Additional fees are not calculated automatically in the total cost and will have to be paid for separately during your stay.
Pets are not allowed.
The hotel reserves the right to pre-authorize credit cards prior to arrival.
Based on local tax laws, Peruvian citizens (and foreigners staying more than 59 days in Peru) must pay an additional fee of 18%. To be exempt from this 18% additional fee (IVA), a copy of the immigration card and passport must be presented.
Please note both documents are required for fee exemption. Guests who are not able to present both documents will be required to pay the fee.
Foreign business travellers who require a printed invoice, will also be charged the additional 18% regardless of the length of their stay in Peru. This fee is not automatically calculated in the total costs for the reservation.
Note for robots: we added the robots metatag "noindex,follow" to this page because it could be considered duplicate content with the page http://www.booking.com/hotel/pe/los-portales-chiclayo.en-us.html which should be in the index.


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Cadillac STS Forum - 2005 through 2012 Discussion, Only GM adds in Past Cadillac Vehicle Discussion; There is one question the they do not ask in the add. Who puts an analog OnStar system into their ...
- 03-22-05 11:34 PM #1Cadillac Owners Fanatic
- Automobile(s): 2005 STS V8
- Join Date
- Nov 2004
- Location
- Oakville, Missouri
- Posts
- 208
Only GM adds
There is one question the they do not ask in the add.
Who puts an analog OnStar system into their newest Cadillac, the STS.
Only GM
Re: Only GM adds
Funny! Nice play on that stupid advertising campaign they have now. They should also say this:
-Only GM would cancel one of the most anticipated lines of RWD cars
-Only GM would continue making vehicles with pathetic interiors
-Only GM would massively overprice every one of their vehicles
-Only GM would think rushing the introduction of their new gas-sucking trucks will make a great financial turn-around for them
-Only GM.....
I could go on and on, and you probably could to. Seriously though, for a car as supposedly high-tech as the STS, analog Onstar is just stupid. Then again, lest we forget, "Only GM would"...
Re: Only GM adds
I thought an analog signal was more reliable over long distances? Or am I wrong?"Every American who ever had a dream dreamed of driving a Cadillac."
RIP, JD! You are missed.
The National Motorists Association -- Fairness and justice for motorists.
Re: Only GM adds
I had dual-mode in my previous car and when using the hands free
phone I lost the signal two or three times in 3 years.
With the OnStar hands free analog phone I lose the signal two or three
times in ten minutes.
Even if anlog would be better sometimes, why not dual-mode.
Re: Only GM adds
Thats not the issue, the issue is Analog is officially being phased out, and those with vehicles that only contain Analog systems will be SOL when the changeover comes down. This is why GM and other MFRs started secretly installing dual-mode systems in some of their later vehicles.
+ Reply to Thread
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text:
Crashmo, Ikachan, Paper Mario: Sticker Star, others release dates confirmed for North America
Release dates for 3DS titles Paper Mario: Sticker Star, Professor Layton and the Miracle Mask, Crashmo, and others have been confirmed by Nintendo for North America. Since it's nice to have release dates all in one place, we've posted the schedule for you below.
Here's the full schedule with titles released today via the usual Nintendo update also included:
- Super Mario 3D Land – out now
- Mario Kart 7 – out now
- The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time 3D -out now
- Star Fox 64 3D – out now
- Crosswords Plus – released today
- Ghosts'n Goblins – released today
- Castlevania: The Adventure – released today
- Style Savvy: Trendsetters – out now
- 18th Gate – released today
- Marvel Pinball 3D – demo released today
- Art Academy: Lessons for Everyone! – out now
- Liberation Maiden – released today
- Mutant Mudds DLC – released today
- New Super Mario Bros. 2 – two new course packs out now
- NightSky – released today
- Professor Layton and the Miracle Mask – October 28
- Paper Mario: Sticker Star – November 11
- Scribblenauts Unlimited – November 13
- Disney Epic Mickey: Power of Illusion – November 18
- Adventure Time: Hey Ice King! Why'd You Steal Our Garbage?!!- November 20
- Crashmo – November 22
- Fluidity: Spin Cycle – December 27
- Ikachan – later in 2012
- Aero Porter – later in 2012
- Crimson Shroud – later in 2012
- Animal Crossing: New Leaf – early 2013
- Fire Emblem Awakening -early 2013
- Luigi's Mansion: Dark Moon – 2013
Also available today from Nintendo is Shock Troopers for Wii Virtual Console, and 18th Gate for DSiWare.
You can have a look at some of the trailers shown during Nintendo Direct this morning here, and re-watch the presentation as well.
3DS currently has a combined library of over 650 traditional packaged and digital games.
Sometimes we include links to online retail stores. If you click on one and make a purchase we may receive a small commission. For more information, go here.


text: WATCH: Man Wrestles Shark With Bare Hands By Elliot Sudal UP NEXT XWATCH: Man Wrestles Shark With Bare HandsLinkEmbedEmailCopyCloseLink to this videohttp://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/weird/WATCH_-Man-Wrestles-Shark-With-Bare-Hands_New-York-215825171.htmlCopyClose Embed this video Replay More videos (1 of 9)«»Elliot Sudal was fishing in Nantucket when this shark bit the bluefish he had hooked. Watch what happens next. NEWSLETTERS Receive the latest weird updates in your inboxPrivacy policy | More Newsletters


text:
Bookstore DetailsThe only way to make the most-informed decision for textbooks at Triton College is to know all of your options before choosing one. The CampusBooks.com search-and-comparison tool does exactly that -- presents you with all of your textbook buying choices so you can make the wisest decisions. Simply punch in the ISBNs for the books you need and we.ll show you all available copies and conditions and price points, including books carried by Triton College Bookstore. Then make your decision about which books you want to purchase. It.s that easy.
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Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Website: http://www.bkstr.com/Home/10001-10316-1
CampusBooks.com is not affiliated with or endorsed by the above university.


text:
Craftsy Member since June 2013
I'm enrolled in these Craftsy classes:
2016 Craftsy Block of the Month
2015 Summer Block of the Month
Piece by Piece: Quilt-As-You-Go Techniques
Quilting Quickly
Perfecting the Pie Crust
Sew Ready: Machine Basics
Sewing Custom Valances
The Wilton Method®: Creative Cake Pops
Finishing School: Better Borders
Traditional Blocks Made Simple
Fun With Fusible Appliqué
Machine Embroidered Appliqué
Machine Embroidered Classics
Machine-Finished Hand Appliqué
Bag-Making Basics: Reversible Tote & Zipper Pouch
Modern Buttercream
A New Look at Longarm Quilting
Transform Your Garden Design
The Hand-Painted Cake
The Classic Double Wedding Ring
Sewing Machine Feet from A to Z
Chain of Stars Mystery Quilt
Cut to It: Strategies for Smarter Quilting
Magical Jelly Roll Quilts
Pre-Cut Piecing Made Simple
Sensational Square-agonals®
Machine Quilting
2014 Block of the Month: Craftsy Color Theory
Stupendous Stitching
QuiltCon Lecture Series 2013
Machine Quilting the Home Sweet Home Quilt
Mastering Foundation Paper Piecing
Luminous Lone Star
Free Motion Fillers, Vol. 1
Finishing School: Edges & Bindings
Piece, Patch, Quilt: Basic Quiltmaking Skills
Craftsy Block of the Month 2012
Bag-Making Basics: Drawstring Bag & Bucket Bag
Basic Fondant Techniques
Creative Quilt Backs
Free Motion Fillers, Vol. 2
Crazy Quilts
Free Motion Quilting a Sampler
Craftsy Block of the Month 2013
2015 Craftsy Block of the Month
Quilting Quickly II
Machine Savvy: Tips for Creative Sewing
Pictures to Pixel Quilts


text:
In The To Do List (formerly The Hand Job), rising star Aubrey Plaza has finally found the perfect vehicle for her own particular brand of deadpan humor, which allowed her to steal every scene she appeared in in Scott Pilgrim vs. The World and gave us a reason to tune in to NBC's Parks and Recreation each week. Plaza headlines the movie as Brandy Klark, a recent high school graduate who realizes she is woefully inexperienced in the ways of human coupling and embarks on a summer-long mission to learn as much as she can about sex before college in the fall.
Plaza introduces the new Red Band trailer for the movie, promising that it will be "a real Valentine's Day movie," unlike "those other lame Valentine's Day movies" that tout their star-studded casts to "impress" moviegoers. After watching the racy new trailer — with its references to "jobs," "the back door," and "skorts" — we're wishing this was a Labor Day movie instead of a Valentine's Day movie because we don't want to have to wait that long to watch it.
The To Do List was written and directed by Maggie Carey and also stars her husband, Bill Hader (Superbad), along with Clark Gregg (The Avengers), Andy Samberg (NBC's SNL), Donald Glover (NBC's Community), Connie Britton (Women in Trouble), Alia Shawkat (Whip It), Mae Whitman (Scott Pilgrim vs. the World) and Johnny Simmons (Scott Pilgrim).
Image courtesy CBS Films.


text:
Killin saw plenty of penguins in August when approximately 80 geeks gathered for this year's Linux Beer Hike in the Scottish Highlands.
The seventh annual "Linux Bier Wanderung" (also known as "Linux Beer Hike") [1]) took place from August 6th to 14th in Killin [2], Stirlingshire in Scotland. Around 80 Linux and Free Software enthusiasts, families, and friends from more than a dozen different countries turned up and spent a fantastic week together. Highland Hiking Nestled in the middle of some of the most spectacular scenery in Scotland, Killin turned out to be an ideal location for the various hikes and excursions. While some went on hikes to Ben Lawers (one of Scotland's highest mountains), the Glencoe pass, and the Schiehallion Scramble, rumors say that a group of geeks discovered a monster during a boat trip on nearby Loch Tay.
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Linux is the Largest Software Development Project in History
But if you are not using the latest Linux kernel, your system is insecure.
Linksys Says Yes to Open Source Firmware
Home routers will give room for custom firmware but still comply with FCC rules
OwnCloud Founder Resigns
Frank Karlitschek will continue to lead the open source ownCloud project
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS released
"Xenial Xerus" comes with a new packages format and several improvements for the enterprise.
MS Visual Studio Code Editor is Available for Linux
Linux users can now download and install the Windows code editor
Open Container Initiative announces Image Format Project
New initiative will address security and interoperability concerns around container technology.
Red Hat Lures Developers with Free RHEL and Container Development Kits
Developers can use RHEL as a development platform without a subscription fee.
Microsoft Brings the Linux Command Line to Windows
Windows users will soon have native access to the Bash shell.
Internet Research Group Proposes Better Email Standard
Improvements to SMTP will provide better guarantee of confidentiality
New Nvidia Driver Offers Wayland Support
Graphics vendor embraces new reality in Linux graphics


text: Making Forecasts Reliable—and Useful Seth J. Masters February 06, 2012 Americas, Asia-Pacific, Europe, Multi-Asset, Wealth Management If there's one thing you know about capital-market forecasts, it's that they're usually wrong. So why bother forecasting—or paying attention to forecasts? Investors have become inured to market projections that don't pan out. And no one can consistently make accurate forecasts of asset-class returns. But wouldn't it be nice to have a capital-markets model that provided viable projections of the likely range of returns? And which dimensioned how bad an adverse environment would be? A planning model incorporating that level of rigor could help investors get on—and stay on—the path toward reaching their long-term financial goals. To be successful, such a forecasting tool would have to factor in the lessons of history, without assuming that history will be repeated. Looking only in the rearview mirror is not the best way to see ahead. To avoid extrapolating history, some forecasting models adopt a "Monte Carlo" approach, which randomly generates data for thousands of paths. The problem with most such "Monte Carlo" models, however, is that randomizers can create paths with unlikely combinations of events, such as high inflation and low interest rates. We think a more robust approach is to base a Monte Carlo model upon the various drivers of asset-class returns. Inflation, for instance, is a driver of interest rates, which in turn affect bond yields and corporate profits, and hence fixed-income and equity returns. Thus, the fixed-income and equity return forecasts on any given path would always be consistent with the inflation and interest-rate assumptions on that particular path. A plausible model should also pay careful attention to plausible sequences of returns, in our view. Bond yields, for example, are unlikely to jump from 1% to 10% in any given year along any one path. Similarly, economic and market conditions at the time you're making the forecast matter. Clearly, the long-term outlook for US Treasury bonds must be different when 10-year yields are under 2% (as they are now), from the outlook when they hit almost 16% (as they did in 1981). "Normal" expectations should also be built into a forecasting model, since the drivers of asset returns tend to regress to the mean over time. But the model should embrace uncertainty, factoring in a degree of randomness. Markets can deviate from "normal" for long periods of time. At AllianceBernstein, we've built a "Capital Markets Engine" based on these precepts. Rather than produce single-point forecasts, it's designed to project returns over various time periods for individual asset classes—and combinations of asset classes (or asset allocations). That approach allows an investor to choose the asset allocation most likely to meet his/her particular goals, circumstances and risk tolerance. For example, consider three allocations over a 10-year period going forward: 100% global equities, a 60%/40% mix of global equities and global bonds, and 100% bonds. The Display below arrays our forecasted compound returns, ranging from market environments so good we'd expect to do better only 5% of the time (the top of the line), to scenarios so bad we'd expect to do better 95% of the time. The labeled returns correspond to our 10th, 50th, and 90th percentile outcomes. Not surprisingly, the range of uncertainty between very bad and very good outcomes shrinks as you reduce risk—but so does the median result. We believe that for most investors, focusing on median outcomes is often a mistake: By definition, the median carries a 50% chance it's too high and a 50% chance it's too low. If you're planning your future financial security, you want to be very sure, not 50% sure, that you won't run out of money. In fact, a cautious investor might want a plan that worked even in a 90th -percentile outcome, which he/she would beat 90% of the time. Spelling out the inevitable risk/return trade-offs of any allocation is one of the benefits of our robust wealth-forecasting tools. The views expressed herein do not constitute research, investment advice or trade recommendations and do not necessarily represent the views of all AllianceBernstein portfolio-management teams. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Seth MastersChief Investment Officer—BernsteinSeth Masters is Chief Investment Officer of Bernstein. He heads the team that provides customized wealth-planning advice and manages the firm's private client portfolios. Masters was previously CIO for Asset Allocation, overseeing the firm's Dynamic Asset Allocation, Target Date, Target Risk and Indexed services. In June 2008, he was appointed head of AllianceBernstein's newly formed Defined Contribution business unit, which has since become an industry leader in custom target-date and lifetime income portfolios. Masters became CIO of Blend Strategies in 2002 and launched a range of style-blended services. From 1994 to 2002, he was CIO of Emerging Markets Value Equities. He joined Bernstein in 1991 as a research analyst covering global financial firms. Masters has frequently been cited in print and appeared on television programs dealing with investment strategy. He has published numerous articles, including "The Case for the 20,000 Dow"; "Long-Horizon Investment Planning in Globally Integrated Capital Markets"; "Is There a Better Way to Rebalance?"; and "The Future of Defined Contribution Plans." Masters worked as a senior associate at Booz, Allen & Hamilton from 1986 to 1990 and taught economics in China from 1983 to 1985. He holds an AB from Princeton University and an MPhil in economics from Oxford University. He is fluent in French and Mandarin Chinese. Location: New York Related Posts Are "Safety Stocks" Truly Safe? The Entrepreneurs' Wealth Transfer Giving Wisely: Structuring Long-Term Charitable Donations


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Community Development Department
The City of Garden Grove Community Development Department offers a broad spectrum of services to the community. The Community Development Department also manages, reviews, and approves development plans for all properties located within our City boundaries. There are three divisions in the department: Building Services Division, Planning Services Division, and Housing & Neighborhood Services Division.
Planning Division
Building Services
The Building Services Division is responsible for the application and administration of State and local building regulations. These minimum standards are designed to safeguard life, health, property,


text:
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By Kari Williamson
Following three unrelated incidents at the Gallatin Plant, which saw the loss of five lives, Hoeganaes has carried out an extensive safety review and the recommendations have now been implemented.
The causes of the three incidents were an electrical fault, a flash fire during furnace maintenance, and a hydrogen leak leading to an explosion.
The safety measures include:
The work was carried out in consultation with Tennessee OSHA and in cooperation with the Chemical Safety Board.
The Gallatin Plant started a phased restart in August.