text:
Each tool uses known sites differently, but what is common to all is that they use them to help distinguish true variants from false positives, which is very important to how these tools work. If you don't provide known sites, the statistical analysis of the data will be skewed, which can dramatically affect the sensitivity and reliability of the results.
In the variant calling pipeline, the only tools that do not strictly require known sites are UnifiedGenotyper and HaplotypeCaller.
If you're working on human genomes, you're in luck. We provide sets of known sites in the human genome as part of our resource bundle, and we can give you specific Best Practices recommendations on which sets to use for each tool in the variant calling pipeline. See the next section for details.
If you're working on genomes of other organisms, things may be a little harder -- but don't panic, we'll try to help as much as we can. We've started a community discussion in the forum on What are the standard resources for non-human genomes? in which we hope people with non-human genomics experience will share their knowledge.
And if it turns out that there is as yet no suitable set of known sites for your organisms, here's how to make your own for the purposes of BaseRecalibration: First, do an initial round of SNP calling on your original, unrecalibrated data. Then take the SNPs that you have the highest confidence in and use that set as the database of known SNPs by feeding it as a VCF file to the base quality score recalibrator. Finally, do a real round of SNP calling with the recalibrated data. These steps could be repeated several times until convergence. Good luck!
Some experimentation will be required to figure out the best way to find the highest confidence SNPs for use here. Perhaps one could call variants with several different calling algorithms and take the set intersection. Or perhaps one could do a very strict round of filtering and take only those variants which pass the test.
|dbSNP 129
|dbSNP >132
|Mills indels
|1KG indels
|(UnifiedGenotyper/ HaplotypeCaller)
These tools require known indels passed with the
-known argument to function properly. We use both the following files:
This tool requires known SNPs and indels passed with the
-knownSites argument to function properly. We use all the following files:
These tools do NOT require known sites, but if SNPs are provided with the
-dbsnp argument they will use them for variant annotation. We use this file:
For VariantRecalibrator, please see the FAQ article on VQSR training sets and arguments.
This tool requires known SNPs passed with the
-dbsnp argument to function properly. We use the following file:
Hi. So I want to take a dbSNP file and highlight SNPs that are found in some BAM files. Instead of filtering these I want to search for these SNPs only. I will then use these SNP positions as markers to trace recombination events that have occured between some strains I am studying. So far I havn't found a good strategy to accomplish this. I was hoping someone over here knows how to parse the dbSNP, and could guide me through it. Alternatively you could use this idea to generate a new tool! Please let me know if you have thoughts, or questions. Thanks! -Keller
I have a cancer rna-seq bam file that I would like to use to call variants using MuTect2, but I ran into a couple of errors that I would appreciate some assistance with. Thank you.
The chr notations in my bam file is absent in the reference fasta (Homo_sapiens_assembly19.fasta). I'd rather not change my bam file header using sed and samtools reheader and rather append chr notation into the reference file. Will this mess up the corresponding snp (00-All.vcf)?
Is there a karytypically sorted Ensembl reference (and its corresponding dbSNP vcf) that I can use for GATK workflow?
EDIT: I should mention that realigning my seq against GATK's reference is not an option because I don't have the original fastq files available.
Hi guys, I have recently jointly called 27 full genome data using GenotypeGVCFs approach. While i was trying to extract some chromosomes from the final file, i got this error The provided VCF file is malformed at approximately line number 16076: Unparsable vcf record with allele *.
I look into the file and I found some of the multi-allellic sites having * as seen in the attached picture.
I feel the problem could be that the program realised that more than one allele is present at that position but could not ascertain which allele. I may be wrong but please what do you think I can do to solve this problem. LAWAL
I'm re-aligning some bam files using RealignerTargetCreator. I downloaded the hg38 dbSNP file and hg38 reference genome. however, the dbSNP file contains the canonical chromosomes [1,2...X,Y,MT] while the reference (and my bam file) contain also the random chromosomes.
here's where I get the error: MESSAGE: Input files and reference have incompatible contigs: No overlapping contigs found. 142_hg38.vcf contigs = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, X, Y, MT] reference contigs = [chr1, chr1_GL383518v1_alt, chr1_GL383519v1_alt, chr1_GL383520v2_alt ... [etc etc etc.....] ... chrX_KI270881v1_alt, chrX_KI270913v1_alt, chrY, chrY_KI270740v1_random, chrM]
so...I would like to keep the random chromosomes in the reference/bam file, so how can I have this run without tossing an error? or is this not possible and I need to keep ONLY the chrs in the dbSNP file?
thanks Seb
We are planing to work on GRCh38, and BQSR requires dbSNP VCF as input. The latest one is v146 in GRCh38 here ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp/organisms/human_9606_b146_GRCh38p2/VCF/
There are two files in dbSNP, one is ALL_20151104.vcf (3.2G) and another is common_all_20151104.vcf (0.9G). Which one should we use? Should we just take the file as is, or do we need some filtering (say MAF, multiallielic SNP, etc)
Hi team,
Prior to submission to NCBI dbSNP a vcf generated by e.g HaplotypeCaller requires several modifications:
Knowing how to effectively format vcfs between GATK output and NCBI input might be quite useful for many people, and save rather a lot of time.
It would be really useful if the three exclusion criteria could be done using GATK. Is this possible and using what commands ?
I feel as though need to use the GATK variantAnnotator command as well. I'm looking into all of this today, and will post if I get any solutions.
William Gilks
Hi Team,
I have two vcfs from D.melanogaster. The first contains in-house variant identifiers, the second contains NCBI-dbSNP variant identifiers. Only the first file contains the genotype data. There are 4 million variants in the first file and 5 million in the second. There is expected to be substantial overlap between the two in terms of what variants are present. How can I replace the in-house variant identifier with the dbSNP identifier for each corresponding variant ?
I would like to run mutect for Rat. is it essential to provide dbSNP file? Rat dpSNP file does not provide information on which is Somatic and which is germ line. All SAO=0.
Did mutect use germ line SNVs in dpSNP file to filter out germ line mutation from output.??If so, I think Rat dbSNP will not provide helpful information as many somatic mutations might excluded because of ambigius SAO flag
One more thing is that dpSNP file is in rn5 not latest rat assembly rn6.
Thank you.
I am having the following problem: I use the HaplotypeCaller (GATK 3.3.0) for variant calling. To identify variants that are known according to dbSNP, I use the "--dbsnp" statement and define a dbSNP file (vcf file). I thought, that everything would work fine, but by coincidence I observed a (in my eyes really serious) problem: The same call is recognized in the case of one sample, but not in the case of another sample. These are the two important lines of the vcf files that get reported:
17 7579643 . CCCCCAGCCCTCCAGGT C 5066.73 PASS AC=2;AF=1.00;AN=2;BaseQRankSum=4.819;ClippingRankSum=-1.054;DP=231;FS=78.565;MLEAC=2;MLEAF=1.00;MQ=60.00;MQ0=0;MQRankSum=-0.994;QD=21.93;ReadPosRankSum=-5.473;SOR=1.639;set=variant;EFF=INTRON(MODIFIER||||393|TP53|protein_coding|CODING|ENST00000445888|3|1) GT:AD:DP:GQ:PL 1/1:23,207:230:99:5104,251,0
17 7579643 rs59758982 CCCCCAGCCCTCCAGGT C 2868.73 PASS AC=2;AF=1.00;AN=2;BaseQRankSum=3.120;ClippingRankSum=0.256;DB;DP=134;FS=1.120;MLEAC=2;MLEAF=1.00;MQ=59.91;MQ0=0;MQRankSum=1.849;QD=21.41;ReadPosRankSum=-1.285;SOR=0.704;set=variant;EFF=INTRON(MODIFIER||||393|TP53|protein_coding|CODING|ENST00000445888|3|1) GT:AD:DP:GQ:PL 1/1:13,121:134:96:2906,96,0
As we exclude known variants for our analysis, it is essential that this step works correctly. Yet, I am pretty insecure what to do no. The variant seems to be well known (according to information on the ncbi homepage). Yet, why was it not identified in the other sample???
It would be great if anyone could help me. Many thanks in advance!
The question is in the title. Is there an another recommended build of dbSNP to use with last version on GATK on hg19 ?
Thanks :)
In a project I need see the allelic frequency for dbSNPs in the RNAseq data of a single cell. To be precise, given the dbsnp I need 0/0s as well if there is required coverage of reads. SNV calling pipeline normally does not report if it is 0/0. I have come all the way to recalibrated BAM following the RNAseq SNV calling best practice as suggested in GATK site. Help with the command would be highly appreciated.
When I tried to call SNP/Indel through the V3.3 GATK, I found a problem, how can I get the following datasets?
True sites training resource: HapMap True sites training resource: Omni Non-true sites training resource: 1000G Known sites resource, not used in training: dbSNP Known and true sites training resource: Mills
Does GATK provide the corresponding vcf files such as "hapmap.vcf","omni.vcf","1000G.vcf""dbsnp.vcf""mills.vcf" ?
From my whole-genome (human) BAM files, I want to obtain: For each variant in dbSNP, the GQ and VQSLOD associated with seeing that variant in my data.
Here's my situation using HaplotypeCaller -ERC GVCF followed by GenotypeGVCFs:
chr1 1 . A
How can I get something like this to work? Besides needing a GATK-style GVCF file for dbSNP, I'm not sure how GenotypeGVCFs behaves if "tricked" with a fake GVCF not from HaplotypeCaller.
My detailed reason for needing this is below:
For positions of known variation (those in dbSNP), the reference base is arbitrary. For these positions, I need to distinguish between three cases:
I was planning to use VQSR because the annotations it uses seem useful to distinguish between case 3 and either of 1 and 2. For example, excessive depth suggests a bad alignment, which decreases our confidence in making any call, homozygous reference or not.
Following the best practices pipeline using HaplotypeCaller -ERC GVCF, I get ALTs
Consequently, this seems to distinguish only between these two cases:
This isn't sufficient for my application, because we care deeply about the difference between "definitely homozygous reference" and "we don't know".
Thanks in advance!
I'm running HaplotypeCaller on whole-genome data. I'm interested in only several thousand specific positions across the genome, all of which are in dbSNP. Some of these are indels, which makes me more inclined to use HaplotypeCaller. However, I want to know the quality/likelihood of the bases called at each position in downstream analysis. So, my goal is to obtain a VCF file containing a call at every dbSNP position, whether or not it's variant with respect to the reference. I need each associated with a likelihood from VQSR, with VQSLOD having the same meaning whether or not the site is variant.
It seems that I could do this with UnifiedGenotyper --output_mode EMIT_ALL_CONFIDENT_SITES. How can I replicate this with HaplotypeCaller? Second, is there a better way to achieve this? Should I not be using HaplotypeCaller at all?
So far, I ran HaplotypeCaller with --emitRefConfidence BP_RESOLUTION --dbsnp dbsnp.vcf, followed by GenotypeGVCFs --includeNonVariantSites --dbsnp dbsnp.vcf. However, the rsIDs aren't used to populate the ID column in the resulting VCF (is this a bug?), so I can't then remove non-dbSNP positions. Secondly, annotations aren't added to positions matching the reference.
Thanks in advance. Douglas
Hi, I am running GATK on rice libraries and I get the following error with VariantRecalibrator. The command I use is:
java -jar GenomeAnalysisTK-2.8-1-g932cd3a/GenomeAnalysisTK.jar -T VariantRecalibrator -R genome.fasta -input chr5.vcf -mode SNP -recalFile chr5.raw.snps.recal -tranchesFile chr5.raw.snps.tranches -rscriptFile chr5.recal.plots.R -resource:dbSNP,known=true,training=true,truth=true,prior=6.0 all_chromosomes.vcf -an QD -an MQRankSum -an ReadPosRankSum -an FS -an MQ
This is how the program terminates:
INFO 21:42:35,099 ProgressMeter - Location processed.sites runtime per.1M.sites completed total.runtime remaining INFO 21:42:35,102 TrainingSet - Found dbSNP track: Known = true Training = true Truth = true Prior = Q6.0
INFO 21:43:05,104 ProgressMeter - Chr11:11654383 9.83e+06 30.0 s 3.0 s 87.7% 34.0 s 4.0 s INFO 21:43:07,413 VariantDataManager - QD: mean = 27.02 standard deviation = 7.70 INFO 21:43:07,440 VariantDataManager - MQRankSum: mean = -0.62 standard deviation = 3.35 INFO 21:43:07,479 VariantDataManager - ReadPosRankSum: mean = 0.25 standard deviation = 1.63 INFO 21:43:07,510 VariantDataManager - FS: mean = 2.11 standard deviation = 9.67 INFO 21:43:07,525 VariantDataManager - MQ: mean = 47.09 standard deviation = 11.34 INFO 21:43:07,660 VariantDataManager - Annotations are now ordered by their information content: [MQ, QD, FS, MQRankSum, ReadPosRankSum] INFO 21:43:07,680 VariantDataManager - Training with 7845 variants after standard deviation thresholding.
INFO 21:43:09,833 VariantRecalibratorEngine - Convergence after 93 iterations! INFO 21:43:09,872 VariantRecalibratorEngine - Evaluating full set of 272372 variants... INFO 21:43:09,884 VariantDataManager - Training with worst 0 scoring variants --> variants with LOD <= -5.0000. INFO 21:43:10,854 GATKRunReport - Uploaded run statistics report to AWS S3
java.lang.NullPointerException at org.broadinstitute.sting.gatk.walkers.variantrecalibration.VariantRecalibratorEngine.generateModel(VariantRecalibratorEngine.java:83) at org.broadinstitute.sting.gatk.walkers.variantrecalibration.VariantRecalibrator.onTraversalDone(VariantRecalibrator.java:359) at org.broadinstitute.sting.gatk.walkers.variantrecalibration.VariantRecalibrator.onTraversalDone(VariantRecalibrator.java:139) at org.broadinstitute.sting.gatk.executive.Accumulator$StandardAccumulator.finishTraversal(Accumulator.java:129) at org.broadinstitute.sting.gatk.executive.LinearMicroScheduler.execute(LinearMicroScheduler.java:116) at org.broadinstitute.sting.gatk.GenomeAnalysisEngine.execute(GenomeAnalysisEngine.java:313) at org.broadinstitute.sting.gatk.CommandLineExecutable.execute(CommandLineExecutable.java:113) at org.broadinstitute.sting.commandline.CommandLineProgram.start(CommandLineProgram.java:245) at org.broadinstitute.sting.commandline.CommandLineProgram.start(CommandLineProgram.java:152) at org.broadinstitute.sting.gatk.CommandLineGATK.main(CommandLineGATK.java:91)
I have read similar problems on GATK forums and based on those, it seems to me that the training set of VCFs is too small for my data. Is that so? If so, can you please tell me how can I fix it? This is for rice and I only have 1 set of known VCFs from dbSNP.
Can you also please confirm if my settings for 'known', 'training' and 'truth' are correct.
Thanks a lot in advance.
Hi, I have a question. Is there any specific reason why GATK Bundle only has dbSNP138 since dbSNP141 has released for a while ? Are you planning to release new bundle about this ? Do you recommend to use the latest version dbSNP141 for base recalibration ? Thanks.
I want to perform base re-calibration using BaseRecalibrator. However, I work on a non-model organism and there is no available SNP database.
Would it be right way if I creat my custom dbSNP file using very stringent criteria (--min_base_quality_score 30) for SNP calling and re-calibrate my data using this file? I also wonder if I will benefit from re-calibration when I use custom dbSNP.vcf, which is produced from the same samples I analyze?
I create dbSNP.vcf using UnifiedGenotyper to save time, while for genotyping after base re-calibration I use HaplotypeCaller. I have 24 samples in this analysis.
I would appreciate your assistance.
Dear GATK team,
Would you please clarify that, based on your experience or the logic used in the realignment algorithm, which option between using dbSNP, 1K gold standard (mills...), or "no known dbase" might result in a more accurate set of indels in the Indel-based realignment stage (speed and efficiency is not my concern).
Based on the documentation I found on your site, the "known" variants are used to identify "intervals" of interest to then perform re-alignment around indels. So, it makes sense to me to use as many number of indels as possible (even if they are unreliable and garbage such as many of those found in dbSNP) in addition to those more accurate calls found in 1K gold-standard datasets for choosing the intervals. After all, that increases he number of indel regions to be investigated and therefore potentially increase the accuracy. Depending on your algorithm logic, also, it seems that providing no known dbase would increase the chance of investigating more candidates of mis-alignment and therefore improving the accuracy.
But if your logic uses the "known" indel sets to just "not" perform the realignment and ignore those candidates around known sites, it makes sense to use the more accurate set such as 1K gold standard.
Please let me know what you suggest.
Thank you Regards Amin Zia
Question on the dbSNP database. Looks like the SubSNP table is the only location for ancestral_allele and gene_name information for a given snp_id/subsnp_id. However, these fields in SubSNP are very sparsely populated. For example, if you search the dbSNP web page :
you can see the ancestral allele for rs5 is G. However, if you search snp_id=5 in the SubSNP table, both ancestral_allele and gene_name are null:
mysql> select gene_name,ancestral_allele from SubSNP where snp_id=5;
| gene_name | ancestral_allele |
| | |
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Can anyone explain this discrepancy or know where I can get ancestral_allele or gene_name if not in SubSNP directly ?
Dear GATK team,
When I annotate the dbsnp id to my vcf, I used the dbsnp 137 vcf file in resource bundle. but, it has some entry in original dbsnp137. This mean it has different entry in dbsnp137 (from UCSC). One example is dbsnp id in MT chromosome. so, I can't get fully annotated dbsnp, when I using the dbsnp 137 in gatk resource bundle.
Hi, I used following commands to call variants from exactly the same file by HaplotypeCaller. However, I got different results. The results from case1 are not consistent to case2. In some chromosomes, the numbers of variants in case 1 are more than case 2, but others are less. The differences are only a few variants in each chromosome. Any idea? I supposed they will be the same because just adding --dbsnp information.
${java7} -jar $GATK/GenomeAnalysisTK.jar \ -T HaplotypeCaller \ -R $reference_genome \ -I $input_file \ -L X \ --genotyping_mode DISCOVERY \ -stand_emit_conf 10 \ -stand_call_conf 50 \ -o vcf_out/chrX.vcf
${java7} -jar $GATK/GenomeAnalysisTK.jar \ -T HaplotypeCaller \ -R $reference_genome \ -I $input_file \ -L X \ -nct 8 \ --dbsnp $dbsnp \ --genotyping_mode DISCOVERY \ -stand_emit_conf 10 \ -stand_call_conf 50 \ -o vcf_out/chrX.vcf
Hi! Since dbSNP (for humans) has a lot of variants one could question if actually are real, especially those from cDNA (mRNA), how can I ignore all SNPs in dbSNP 137 with the moltype "cDNA"?
Im asking because a lot of these SNPs may actually be RNA editing artifacts, correct?
The doc says "dbSNP is not used in any way for the calculations themselves. --dbsnp binds reference ordered data". Does it mean that the determination of whether a locus is a variant is not influenced by whether that variant is present at dbSNP? what does "--dbsnp binds reference ordered data" mean?
Also why isn't there a --indel option?
Dear Kristian Cibulskis,
I run the mutect with "--enable_extended_output". I found that some of the mutations with quite good quality got rejected only because of "DBSNP Site".
As you know, the DBSNP database have included some somatic mutations as well. So I am worried about that the true somatic mutations might be filtered out inappropriately. Do you think it's proper to keep the mutations with the failure_reasons of DBSNP_Site?
For example: 7 55248926 CCAxGTG T C ALK1T ALK1N 0 DBSNP UNCOVERED 0 0.077336 0 0.99254 0 17 1 0 12.199345 12.223447 3.617702 12.500284 0 0.444444 0.136996 0.02 -0.078943 9 5 4 150 130 60 60 0 0 TT 2.708276 0 0 0.000333 -2.296657 -0.575725 0 -0.001303 9 9 0 281 0 0.62965 0.983402 (4,1,4,0) 24.5 14 66 8 46,37,12,9 54,62,70,91 0.996932 0.839312 0.39571 -0.002982 -0.323501 -0.320518 0 DBSNP Site REJECT
Thanks a lot! Zhou
Hi the GATK team;
I use the UnifiedGenotyper the following way:
java -jar GenomeAnalysisTK-2.1-13-g1706365/GenomeAnalysisTK.jar \ -R /human_g1k_v37.fasta \ -T UnifiedGenotyper \ -glm BOTH \ -S SILENT \ -L ../align/capture.bed \ -I myl.bam \ --dbsnp broadinstitute.org/bundle/1.5/b37/dbsnp_135.b37.vcf.gz \ -o output.vcf
When I look at the generated VCF , the variation 18:55997929 (CTTCT/C) is said to be rs4149608
18 55997929 rs4149608 CTTCT C (...)
but in the dbsnp_135.b37.vcf.gz, you can see that the right rs## should be rs144384654
$ gunzip -c broadinstitute.org/bundle/1.5/b37/dbsnp_135.b37.vcf.gz |grep -E -w '(rs4149608|rs144384654)' 18 55997929 rs4149608 CT C,CTTCT (...) 18 55997929 rs144384654 CTTCT C (...)
does UnifiedGenotyper uses the first rs## it finds at a given position ? Or should I use another method/tool to get the 'right' rs## ?
Thank you,
I've spent some time looking at the various documentation and have a few lingering questions for understanding my data a little better. I was hoping you could help to clarify a bit and make sure I am making correct assumptions.
I have a set of 96 samples that we ran targeted sequencing on. I have followed the best practices for bam file processing, etc, and ran Unified Genotyper on all 96 bam files at once using -EMIT ALL SITES. I have snp chip data on all of my samples as well so I have some "truth" to compare to. It looks like around 25% of the SNPs I expected to get (are present in dbSNP and I have chip data for them) are not present in my vcf file. Where did they go - is it normal to not get all of the dbSNP sites back? Is this because the variant site did not have good enough quality of bases to make it a variant? Does Unified Genotyper not emit sites for which all samples are homozygous reference even though it knows it's there because of the dbSNP file (like CASAVA)? I looked at the coverage at these positions and in some cases it was very high (over 100X) so I'm not sure that they could all be bad. I am somewhat new to this sort of data analysis - what are the best tools to use to look at the quality of the bases at a single site to see if this is the culprit? Any other ideas as to what could be causing this?
What are the internal things in Unified Genotyper that make a site not be called?
Would I be able to use the GENOTYPE GIVEN ALLELES option to make Unified Genotyper call all dbSNPs regardless of base quality or Phred Score? If so, do I use the same reference db snp .vcf file that I use for the rest of the steps?
For the variants I do have: If I am interested in the coverage at a site, the AD is the unfiltered depth and the DP is the filtered depth (the sum of the allele depths is the total depth), correct?
FInally, I have not run VSQR on my output. We did targeted sequencing and I'm not sure if the number of bases we did is enough got VSQR to be helpful. What is the minimum number of bases that VSQR is recommended with? I have 96 samples and I know that is enough. We are mostly interested in dbSNP values anyhow. In your opinion, is it reasonable to stop after Unified Genotyper since we are only interested in dbSNP calls or should we do the VSQR step anyhow?
Thank you for all your help and insights. I really appreciate the feedback allowed for in this forum.
I'm having trouble finding the recommended COSMIC and dbSNP file for hg19 to use with MuTect (hg19_cosmic_v54_120711.vcf and dbsnp_132_b37.leftAligned.vcf). I can't find these in any of the bundles on the GATK public FTP site. I see a dbSNP file called dbsnp_132_b37.vcf; is this the same? I don't see any COSMIC file at all. I'm currently using bundle 2.3 for hg19 for the dbSNP files (and the standard indels from 1000G and Mills for indel realignment). Thanks!
I ran the HaplotypeCaller, VariantAnnotator, and Variant Validatoor on chr3 locations from a human tumor sample.
The HaplotypeCaller command line is:
gatk="/usr/local/gatk/GenomeAnalysisTK-2.2-8-gec077cd/GenomeAnalysisTK.jar" #Fasta from the gz in the resource bundle indx="/home/ref/ucsc.hg19.fasta" dbsnp="/fdb/GATK_resource_bundle/hg19-1.5/dbsnp_135.hg19.vcf" java -Xms1g -Xmx2g -jar $gatk -R ${indx} -T HaplotypeCaller \ -I chrom_bams/286T.chr3.bam \ -o hapc_vcfs/286T.chr3.raw.vcf
The VariantAnnotator command line is:
java -Xms1g -Xmx2g -jar $gatk -R ${indx} -T VariantAnnotator \ --dbsnp $dbsnp --alwaysAppendDbsnpId \ -A BaseQualityRankSumTest -A DepthOfCoverage \ -A FisherStrand -A HaplotypeScore -A InbreedingCoeff \ -A MappingQualityRankSumTest -A MappingQualityZero -A QualByDepth \ -A RMSMappingQuality -A ReadPosRankSumTest -A SpanningDeletions \ -A TandemRepeatAnnotator \ --variant:vcf hapc_vcfs/286T.chr3.raw.vcf \ --out varanno_vcfs/286T.chr3.va.vcf
This all works nicely, but I go back and use ValidateVariants just to be sure:
java -Xms1g -Xmx2g -jar $gatk -R ${indx} -T ValidateVariants \ --dbsnp ${dbsnp} \ --variant:vcf varanno_vcfs/286T.chr3.va.vcf \ 1> report/ValidateVariants/286T.chr3.va.valid.out \ 2> report/ValidateVariants/286T.chr3.va.valid.err &
An issue arises with a rsID that is flagged as not being present in dbSNP.
...fails strict validation: the rsID rs67850374 for the record at position chr3:123022685 is not in dbSNP
I realize this is an error message that generally would not generally qualify as an issue to post to these forums, however it is an error that seems to be generated by the Haplotype caller, illuminated by VariantAnnotator, and caught by the ValidateVariants.
The first 7 fields of the offending line in the 286T.chr3.va.vcf can be found using: cat 286T.chr3.va.vcf | grep rs67850374
chr3 123022685 rs67850374;rs72184829 AAAGAGAAGAGAAGAG A 1865.98 .
There is a corresponding entry in the dbsnp_135.hg19.vcf file: cat $dbsnp | grep rs67850374
chr3 123022685 rs67850374;rs72184829 AA A,AAAGAGAAGAG,AAAGAGAAGAGAAGAGAAGAG . PASS
My initial guess is that this is caused by a disagreement in the reference and variant fields between the two annotations. From what I can gather the call to the variantcontext function validateRSIDs() has a call to validateAlternateAlleles(). I assume this is what throws the error that is then caught and reported as "...fails strict validation..."
The UCSC genome browser for hg19 does show the specified position to be AA. It seems as thought the HaplotypeCaller simply used a different reference than dbsnp in this case.
The reference file supplied to HaplotypeCaller was the same as to VariantAnnotator and ValidateVariants. I did not supply the dbsnp argument to the HaplotypeCaller as I planned on doing all annotations after the initial variant calling, and the documentation states that the information is not utilized in the calculations. It seems as though this is a difference in between the reference assembly for dbSNP and the the reference supplied by the resource bundle.
My questions are:
As it stands, I am simply going to discard the offending lines manually. There are less than twenty in the entire exome sequencing of this particular tumor-normal sequencing. However, it seems like this issue will likely arise again. I will check the dbSNP VCF for places where the reference differs from the sequence in hg19. At least that should give me an estimate of the number of times this will arise and the locations to exclude from the variant calls.
-- Colin
Hello dear GATK Team,
when trying to run Haplotypecaller on my exome files prepared with ReduceReads i get the error stated below. As you can see the newest GATK Version is used. Also UnifiedGenotyper does not produce any errors on te exact same data (90 SOLiD exomes creatted according to Best Practice v4).
##### ERROR stack trace
org.broadinstitute.sting.utils.exceptions.ReviewedStingException: Somehow the requested coordinate is not covered by the read. Too many deletions?
at org.broadinstitute.sting.utils.sam.ReadUtils.getReadCoordinateForReferenceCoordinate(ReadUtils.java:447)
at org.broadinstitute.sting.utils.sam.ReadUtils.getReadCoordinateForReferenceCoordinate(ReadUtils.java:396)
at org.broadinstitute.sting.utils.sam.ReadUtils.getReadCoordinateForReferenceCoordinate(ReadUtils.java:392)
at org.broadinstitute.sting.gatk.walkers.annotator.DepthOfCoverage.annotate(DepthOfCoverage.java:56)
at org.broadinstitute.sting.gatk.walkers.annotator.interfaces.InfoFieldAnnotation.annotate(InfoFieldAnnotation.java:24)
at org.broadinstitute.sting.gatk.walkers.annotator.VariantAnnotatorEngine.annotateContext(VariantAnnotatorEngine.java:223)
at org.broadinstitute.sting.gatk.walkers.haplotypecaller.HaplotypeCaller.map(HaplotypeCaller.java:429)
at org.broadinstitute.sting.gatk.walkers.haplotypecaller.HaplotypeCaller.map(HaplotypeCaller.java:104)
at org.broadinstitute.sting.gatk.traversals.TraverseActiveRegions.processActiveRegion(TraverseActiveRegions.java:249)
at org.broadinstitute.sting.gatk.traversals.TraverseActiveRegions.callWalkerMapOnActiveRegions(TraverseActiveRegions.java:204)
at org.broadinstitute.sting.gatk.traversals.TraverseActiveRegions.processActiveRegions(TraverseActiveRegions.java:179)
at org.broadinstitute.sting.gatk.traversals.TraverseActiveRegions.traverse(TraverseActiveRegions.java:136)
at org.broadinstitute.sting.gatk.traversals.TraverseActiveRegions.traverse(TraverseActiveRegions.java:29)
at org.broadinstitute.sting.gatk.executive.LinearMicroScheduler.execute(LinearMicroScheduler.java:74)
at org.broadinstitute.sting.gatk.GenomeAnalysisEngine.execute(GenomeAnalysisEngine.java:281)
at org.broadinstitute.sting.gatk.CommandLineExecutable.execute(CommandLineExecutable.java:113)
at org.broadinstitute.sting.commandline.CommandLineProgram.start(CommandLineProgram.java:236)
at org.broadinstitute.sting.commandline.CommandLineProgram.start(CommandLineProgram.java:146)
at org.broadinstitute.sting.gatk.CommandLineGATK.main(CommandLineGATK.java:93)
##### ERROR A GATK RUNTIME ERROR has occurred (version 2.2-3-gde33222):
##### ERROR Please visit the wiki to see if this is a known problem
##### ERROR If not, please post the error, with stack trace, to the GATK forum
##### ERROR Visit our website and forum for extensive documentation and answers to
##### ERROR commonly asked questions http://www.broadinstitute.org/gatk
##### ERROR MESSAGE: Somehow the requested coordinate is not covered by the read. Too many deletions?
The Command line used (abbreviated):
java -Xmx30g -jar /home/common/GenomeAnalysisTK-2.2-3/GenomeAnalysisTK.jar \
-R /home/common/hg19/ucschg19/ucsc.hg19.fasta \
-T HaplotypeCaller \
-I ReduceReads/XXXXX.ontarget.MarkDups.nRG.reor.Real.Recal.reduced.bam [x90]\
--dbsnp /home/common/hg19/dbsnp_135.hg19.vcf \
-o 93Ind_ped_reduced_HC_snps.raw.vcf \
-ped familys.ped \
--pedigreeValidationType SILENT \
-stand_call_conf 20.0 \
-stand_emit_conf 10.0
Hello, I have a new sequenced genome with some samples for this specie, I would like to follow the best practices but I don't have a dbsnp or something similar, but could I use the variants from the samples as a dbsnp? for example get the variants that coincide in all my samples and use it as a dbsnp?


text:
An unseasonably early mudslide has forced Amtrak service off the rails for 48 hours between Vancouver and Tacoma.
The slide occurred about 3 a.m. Tuesday near Titlow Beach, 8 miles south of Tacoma, said Gus Melonas, a spokesman for BNSF Railway. Mud and rocks fell down a saturated 250-foot slope, covering one of two parallel railroad tracks and scattering debris on the other.
Freight service was disrupted for only about a half hour, but Amtrak, following safety guidelines, will not be able to use the tracks in that area for 48 hours. It runs its frequent Cascades service and the flagship Coast Starlight through the area, a total of 10 trips per day.
Amtrak will bus Cascades passengers to all stations between Portland and Seattle, and continue to run trains between Portland and Eugene, Ore., and Seattle and Vancouver, B.C., said spokesman Steve Kulm in Oakland, Calif. The Coast Starlight, which serves the Bay Area and Los Angeles, will temporarily originate and terminate at Portland's Union Station, with passengers north of there to be bused.
Assuming there are no more problems with the track, normal passenger service should resume Thursday morning.
Meanwhile BNSF will use heavy equipment this morning to clear the track nearest the hillside, which was covered about three feet deep for approximately 40 feet.
Melonas said that although slides are not uncommon in the Pacific Northwest, this one was earlier in the season than usual. Last year was the worst year in decades for the BNSF in terms of service disruptions, with heavy rain, snow, landslides and mud causing more than a dozen disruptions throughout the region.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
AdForum Talent Profiles are currently in beta, let us know if you see anything wrong in this profile.
Ed?s ability to understand business issues and strategies and then translate them into stunningly simple creative expressions have made him one of the world?s leading creatives.
Having won a Cannes lion with his very first TV ad for Polaroid cameras, Ed?s work has rarely been less than award winning. Ed?s most famous creations include the British Television Advertising Awards commercial of the year for Sony Playstation. This ad, Double Life, became the most awarded single ad in the world in 1999.
Ed followed this up by creating the global brand campaign for Johnnie Walker, under the strapline ?Keep Walking?, and the press ad of the year for Volkswagen, ?Lost Dog?, featuring a small dog apparently lost in the back of its owner?s rather spacious Golf Estate.
Ed joined Lowe in 2003, creating work for accounts such as Unilever?s Hellmann?s Mayonnaise, Nestle Quality Street and The Royal Ballet. Ed has just enjoyed a rather good October, winning the poster campaign of the year award for Quality Street?s Big Favourites, and The Grocer?s campaign of the year for Hellmann?s ?The Big Dollop?.
In August 2004 Ed was promoted to Creative Director of Lowe London. Edit
Rattling Stick was founded in 2006 by Daniel Kleinman, Ringan Ledwidge and Johnnie Frankel as a small production company with an unmitigated belief in quality creative output.
No longer the home to just commercial production, we generate and produce high quality creative content in all forms be that films, promos, events, documentaries and TV content.
The scope of work has ranged from the miniscule to the magnificent. We've chased a sunrise with 88 cameras, taken the blitz to Liverpool, raced cheetahs, dropped polar bears from planes, mastered evolution, created a serenading dog, got undressed and retold the story of the three little pigs. Rattling Stick's small but highly creative team ethic has been consistently recognised and awarded within the advertising industry andwe have picked up lots of shiny accolades including Cannes Grand Prix, golds at the British Arrows, Creative Circle, Clios and several D&AD features. The British Arrows Production Company of the Year has also been awarded four times in the past five years, as well as topping the Televisual Peer Poll for the last five years.
Now home to fourteen directors with an office in the US, Rattling Stick remains a small, spirited production company whose directors challenge, complement and encourage each other with the work they produce.


text:
4cm 3D Green Eyes by DreamVisionCreationsWatch
©2014-2016 DreamVisionCreations
Commission for a set of 4cm 3D hand painted green eyes that we followed a reference for.
Any chance your eyes are outdoor durable ?
Outdoor durable?
Like if I wanted to use it in a sculpture made to live outdoors permanently. Protections against weather, UV, snow/ice, that sort of thing. I've used normal taxidermy eyes and they seem to work well so far.
Rain yes, snow maybe, and ice we can't guarantee anything. We seal the backs of them with outdoor paint, but they are hand painted. If they're left exposed, there's bound to be some damage over a long period of time. The resin would be just fine, but they would do best outdoors if painted with automotive paint, since that is meant to withstand the elements.


text:
The settlement was finalized Aug. 4 with Ed Knaggs who was fired over the 2011 drowning but won reinstatement, The Wenatchee World reported Wednesday.
Knaggs will be paid about $165,000 to remain on administrative leave through August 2016. Knaggs declined to comment when he was contacted Wednesday.
Legal expenses, back pay and the settlement for Knaggs totaled about $500,000, Superintendent Brian Flones said. The district also paid $2 million to settle a wrongful death lawsuit with the family of Antonio Reyes.
"It's been a long and difficult legal process," Flones said. "As we look at it and all the circumstances and the healing process for Ed, the school, the family and the community, we felt this would be in the best interests for all of us to move on."
The settlement was approved by the Wenatchee School Board and the teachers' union, the Wenatchee Education Association.
Knaggs was teaching a physical education class in the Wenatchee High School swimming pool Nov. 17, 2011, when Reyes drowned. The freshman, who didn't know how to swim, was found at the bottom of the pool nearly an hour after the class had ended.
Knaggs was placed on administrative leave and fired in April 2012. He appealed. The firing was overturned by Chelan County Superior Court Judge Lesley Allan, who said the district was equally at fault. She ruled Knaggs should be reinstated with back pay.
The settlement pays Knaggs his base teaching salary of $82,500 a year. He will also receive standard health benefits and retirement contributions. He can't work for another school or government agency during the two-year period.
The school district began swim instruction last year for high school students who do not know how to swim.


text:
Ask Better Homes & Gardens
Experts and BHG readers answer.
Meet our Experts
Meet the BHG Experts
With her incredible turkey expertise and her easy-going personality, Miller is a favorite with national and regional media. Interviews of note include CBS's The Early Show, CNBC's Squawk Box, The Wayne Brady Show, The Other Half and Larry King Live.
Miller, supervisor at the Butterball® Turkey Talk-Line®, has been talking turkey for 27 years and can't rave enough about it! She says her favorite part is speaking...... more
Deborah Wagman has been immersed in some aspect of food production since her first job of scooping 28 flavors of ice cream at an I-90 Howard Johnson's when she was 15 years old. (Favorite...... more
Rachel is a food editor at BHG.com and is passionate about helping food-lovers of all skill levels confidently prepare delicious dishes their families will rave about. ... more


text:
Msz MandaModel Female Indianapolis, Indiana, US My MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/mszmanda
Mayhem # 1013096
About Me
My name is Amanda, people know me as Msz Manda. I am three fourths Vietnamese and a quarter Chinese. I am a professional model, and also my goals are to become a Pharmacist, a Vet, and to model for runway. I have a lot of different styles, I can not really say one style, I wear from Guess, Bebe, Hollister, Victoria Secret, American Eagle, to anything that fits me. I do not take nude pictures so if you are looking for someone that does nude, you can look somewhere else. I love shopping, and hanging out, and I love Mac make up. My contact methods are through e-mails, and by phone which ever works best. This is not a dating service.
So Let's Shoot!!!
Have you worked with Msz Manda? Add Credits for Msz Manda! >>
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text:
May 24, 2016
Retired Army veteran Robert Hill held a book signing Saturday at Oakland Terrace Park.
It's the same park where he came up with the idea for his children's book titled "Where Do Sea Creatures Sleep?"
Hill says the book is a result of a conversation with a few children in the park.
Hill may be a soldier, but talking kids' language is nothing new to him.
Robert Hill says, "Octopus with hair rollers in their head and sea horses with cowboy hats. It was just something out of their fantasy that was taken into heart and I put it down in words."
This book is not Hill's first title, just the first one that he's able to publish. He has 19 other books under his belt, many that he wrote while serving as a soldier in Iraq.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Matt Moulson on benching: 'Most embarrassed I've been in my career'
More NHL: Scores | Standings | League Leaders | Odds | Injuries | Power Rankings
Matt Moulson, the newest member of the Buffalo Sabres, was benched along with linemates Cody Hodgson and Tyler Ennis for the last 26:11 of the team's 6-2 loss to the Anaheim Ducks on Friday night. That's a pretty significant amount of time to sit on the bench for a guy who has scored 30 or more goals three times in his career.
So how did Moulson feel about it? John Vogl of the Buffalo News found out:
"It's the most embarrassed I've been in my career," Moulson said.
Moulson told Vogl he didn't know why he was benched and to ask head coach Ron Rolston.
"We've got to work, and we didn't feel that the work was there," Rolston told reporters after the game about his top line's stay on the bench.
The Sabres' most dangerous offensive trio managed just one shot on goal in the action it did see against the Ducks. Meanwhile, the Sabres got a pair of goals from Mikhail Grigorenko, who had previously been struggling mightily.
Moulson very well could be on the way out of town via trade eventually, but in only his second week with the team, it couldn't have been easy sitting on the bench for that length of time.
There's plenty of blame to go around after Friday night's drubbing at the hands of the Ducks on the road. Goaltender Ryan Miller, who was pulled for the third period after giving up six goals in the first two frames, called the game "a disaster to be a part of."
Things haven't been going great in Buffalo, but that loss to the Ducks and all that happened during the game might have been rock bottom.


text:
- Tel:
- Work +1 212 701 3000
- Email:
- Web:
- www.cahill.com
United States: Finance
Bank lending (including other sources of financing)
Bank lending (including other sources of financing) - ranked: tier 2
Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP
Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP has established itself as one of the most active firms in the market for lender work, and is often the sponsor's bank counsel of choice on major leveraged buyouts. 2014 saw a high volume of mandates when compared with some competitors; the firm's ability to handle this level and scale of work can be attributed to the size and quality of the bench, as well as the reputation of some of its lawyers. James Clark has a first-class reputation as one of the most experienced lawyers in this market, and he is joined by a team of extremely well regarded and active partners, including Jonathan Schaffzin, Corey Wright, Adam Dworkin, Douglas Horowitz, Susanna Suh, Daniel Zubkoff and William Hartnett to name a few. Major transactional highlights include advising JPMorgan Chase Bank, JP Morgan Securities and Wells Fargo Securities as lead arrangers on over $7bn of credit facilities for Burger King's acquisition of Tim Hortons. Another significant highlight was advising Credit Suisse as lead arranger on Blackstone's $5.4bn acquisition of Gates Global.
Leading lawyers
James Clark - Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP
Jonathan Schaffzin - Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP
Capital markets: debt offerings
Capital markets: debt offerings - advice to managers - ranked: tier 3
Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP
In addition to its renowned high yield debt practice, Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP is active on the underwriter side in investment-grade debt offerings. Daniel Zubkoff acted alongside Susanna Suh for Deutsche Bank Securities, RBS and the other underwriters on International Paper's $1.6bn public notes offering, which was comprised of two tranches. In another highlight, William Hartnett and William Miller represented J.P. Morgan Securities as lead book-running managers, as well as the other book-runners, on 21st Century Fox's $1.2bn notes offering, which included a $600m Rule 144A/Reg S issuance. The practice's lawyers are all based in New York.
Capital markets: equity offerings
Capital markets: equity offerings - advice to managers - ranked: tier 3
Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP
Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP impresses with the volume of work produced by its underwriter-focused capital markets practice. Highlights included representing the lead underwriters on the $2.375bn IPO by Ally Financial, acting for the underwriters in the $834m Aramark IPO, and advising the joint book-running managers as well as the co-managers on the $536m IPO by VWR Corporation. The firm also acts for a range of banks, including Bank of America Merrill Lynch, RBC Capital Markets, Citigroup and Barclays. William Miller, Douglas Horowitz, James Clark and Jonathan Schaffzin are recommended. All named attorneys are New York based.
Capital markets: high-yield debt offerings
Capital markets: high-yield debt offerings - advice to underwriters - ranked: tier 1
Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP
Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP is a 'market leader when it comes to advising underwriters on high-yield offerings'. The practice impresses both with the volume of deals handled and with the size of its New York-based team, which has close to 30 active partners. James Clark, Noah Newitz and Timothy Howell represented the joint book-running managers and co-managers on the Rule 144A/Regulation S offering of $2.25bn aggregate principal amount of 6% second lien senior secured notes due 2022 by 1011778 BC Unlimited Liability Company and New Red Finance; the proceeds of the deal were used to finance part of the acquisition of Tim Hortons by Burger King. Jonathan Schaffzin and Stuart Downing acted for Citigroup as lead book-running manager and the other initial purchasers in two offerings, a $1.04bn Rule 144A/Regulation S issue and a €235m issue, by Gates Global. The pair also advised Credit Suisse, as administrative agent and lead arranger, on a series of loans and credit facilities made to Gates Global as part of one of the largest leveraged buyouts of 2014 when The Blackstone Group acquired it for $5.4bn. William Hartnett and Douglas Horowitz are also recommended.
Leading lawyers
James Clark - Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP
Jonathan Schaffzin - Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP
United States: Industry focus
Insurance: advice to insurers
Insurance: advice to insurers - ranked: tier 2
Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP
'Leader in the area' Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP 'is among the best', placing it as 'one of the premier law firms in the insurance sphere'. The practice covers a range of litigation and arbitration with expertise in reinsurance, bad faith and political risk. Reinsurance specialist and 'one of the most talented insurance lawyers' Edward Krugman, who is 'exceptionally smart, effective and has outstanding judgment', continues to represent National Union Fire Insurance in a reinsurance dispute against Everest Re Group relating to an environmental clean-up reimbursement after the latter refused payment; the matter is on appeal following a successful reversal of a Supreme Court ruling in 2010. Krugman, who is based in New York, is also representing Chartis Speciality Insurance Company in a matter relating to alleged losses under a political risk policy. Clients recommend the 'invaluable' Thorn Rosenthal, also based in New York, who obtained a dismissal for XL Insurance Limited in an action relating to coverage for Amtrak's long-tail liabilities, and continues to represent XL Capital Limited in several antitrust class actions. Other clients include AIG affiliates, Ironshore Insurance and reinsurance companies.
Leading lawyers: insurance: advice to insurers: coverage
Thorn Rosenthal - Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP
Leading lawyers: insurance: advice to insurers: reinsurance
Edward Krugman - Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP
United States: Litigation
Commercial litigation
Commercial litigation - ranked: tier 2
Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP
Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP's heritage as a premier litigation firm dates back to the 1930s and it maintains a 'focused and goal-oriented team' of 150 litigators in New York. 'Known for trying cases, not pushing paper', the firm fields 'lean teams but has enough capacity to handle any matter including huge, first-principle cases'. Charles Gilman has won numerous dismissals for Deutsche Bank in state and federal lawsuits across the US. Floyd Abrams led the defense of McGraw Hill Financial and Standard & Poor's in dozens of cases relating to its ratings of financial products during the financial crisis. Susan Buckley and Brian Markley represented ABC, Associated Press, CBS, CNN, Fox News and NBCUniversal in actions challenging the constitutionality of state efforts to restrict their exit polling activities on election day. Thomas Kavaler and rising star Landis Best are other names among many highly recommended practitioners.
Securities: shareholder litigation
Securities: shareholder litigation - ranked: tier 2
Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP
Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP is 'undoubtedly a leader in government enforcement work', and across the securities litigation space it has 'talent and ability to focus on client service'. In New York, Herbert Washer, who advised Barclays on a CDS matter, and the newly elected partner David Wishengrad represented Credit Suisse in benchmark rate investigations conducted by the DOJ, the CFTC and foreign regulators. Floyd Abrams, Charles Gilman, Penny Windle, and rising stars Adam Zurofsky and Tammy Roy represent McGraw-Hill Financial in pending investigations by the DOJ, SEC and other regulators, and secured dismissal of a securities fraud complaint for Standard & Poor's. For Deutsche Bank, Gilman and 'go-to litigator' David Januszewski are handling high-frequency trading cases worldwide and secured dismissal of a trust preferred securities matter. The New York office also saw the arrival of Michael Feinberg from Credit Suisse, and the Washington DC office brought in former assistant US Attorney Sean Tonolli to add capacity in the regulatory enforcement space. Enforcement expert Bradley Bondi joined from Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft LLP in March 2015.
At Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft LLP, 'seamless integration of teams around a unified strategy results in superior advice and value for money'. Louis Solomon in New York leads on securities litigation, and Bradley Bondi in Washington DC leads on regulatory enforcement matters. The practice comprises 'a team of experts in their fields led by strategic thinkers'. The New York office has one of the elder statesmen of securities litigation in Gregory Markel, who, along with Anthony Mansfield advised Morgan Stanley in a class action alleging fixing of Brent crude oil prices. Martin Seidel and Israel Dahan defended Sino Gas in a class action arising from a going-private transaction. Peter Isajiw is advising the former CEO of KIT Digital on securities class actions and derivative suits. Howard Hawkins, who has 'extensive experience and excellent knowledge that allows him to identify key issues', and Jonathan Hoff, are also recommended. Bradley Bondi joined Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP in March 2015.
White-collar criminal defense
White-collar criminal defense - ranked: tier 4
Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP
Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP's wide-ranging client base stretches across the financial services, automotive and retail sectors. Examples of recent work include overseeing Toyota's compliance with a deferred prosecution agreement agreed with the DOJ following safety violations by the company, and representing the audit committee of Wal-Mart Stores during DOJ and SEC investigations into possible multinational FCPA violations. As well as drawing on Anirudh Bansal's banking and securities expertise to handle a large amount of major securities and commodities matters, the firm also has a strong track record for developing anti-corruption compliance programs for clients. Compliance expert Bart Friedman and David Kelley are advising Teva in an ongoing compliance review and investigation by the SEC and DOJ into its global compliance with the FCPA. Additional growth for the team has come with the arrival of Washington DC based Sean Tonolli from the US Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of Virginia, and David Slovick from the CFTC. Named partners are based in New York unless otherwise stated.
United States: M&A/corporate and commercial
M&A: middle-market (sub-$500m)
M&A: middle-market (sub-$500m) - ranked: tier 1
Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP
Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP's M&A team can call on the firm's tax, antitrust and real estate groups, in addition to its environmental, IP and employee benefits practices, to ensure smooth deal executions. The team advised 1-800-Flowers.com on its acquisition of Harry & David Holdings, acted for Integro, an international insurance brokerage and risk management firm, on its acquisition of the assets of Daugherty Insurance Services, and also advised Integro on its acquisition of the assets of Lugo & Associates Insurance Services. Other highlights included assisting ICON with its acquisition of Aptiv Solutions, and advising Global Tel*Link on its acquisition of Renovo Software. Recommended partners include Helene Banks, James Clark, William Hartnett, Jonathan Mark, William Miller and Kimberly Petillo-Décossard. Other key practitioners include John Schuster and Michael Sherman. All named individuals are based in the firm's New York office.
Leading lawyers
John Schuster - Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP
United States: Media, technology and telecoms
Telecoms and broadcast: regulatory
Telecoms and broadcast: regulatory - ranked: tier 3
Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP
Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP's telecoms team is led by Chérie Kiser. Acting for leading telecoms, video and data communications providers, the team handles traditional telephone and cable television matters and also has vast experience of new cutting-edge technologies such as VoIP, TelePresence, and cloud-based services. For key client Birch Communications, the team was active in a number of regulatory and corporate matters; for example, obtaining regulatory approvals for both an increase in debt financing from Bank of America and for the client's acquisition of Cbeyond, and advice on obtaining eligible telecommunications carrier (ETC) status in various states and at the federal level. Another highlight was advising Universal Service Administrative Company (USAC) on regulatory issues surrounding its administration of the $9bn universal service fund. Also recommended is Angela Collins, an expert in regulatory compliance and litigation.
Telecoms and broadcast: transactional
Telecoms and broadcast: transactional - ranked: tier 3
Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP
The key name to note at Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP is Chérie Kiser, who specializes in the telecoms, video and data communications space, advising major communications and internet companies on strategy. Her team recently acted for Beers Enterprises in a number of transactional matters, including its acquisition of assets of HTN Communications. The firm was instructed by underwriters including Credit Suisse, JP Morgan, Lloyds Securities, Mizuho Securities, and SunTrust Robinson Humphrey in Comcast's $2bn public offering. Another highlight saw the group advise the initial purchasers on the $400m notes offering by Netflix. Angela Collins is also recommended.
Further information on Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP
Please choose from this list to view details of what we say about Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP in other jurisdictions.
Offices in London
United States
Offices in Washington DC and New York
- Finance : Bank lending (including other sources of financing)
- Finance : Capital markets: debt offerings
- Finance : Capital markets: equity offerings
- Finance : Capital markets: high-yield debt offerings
- Industry focus : Insurance: advice to insurers
- Litigation : Commercial litigation
- Litigation : Securities: shareholder litigation
- Litigation : White-collar criminal defense
- M&A/corporate and commercial : M&A: middle-market (sub-$500m)
- Media, technology and telecoms : Telecoms and broadcast: regulatory
- Media, technology and telecoms : Telecoms and broadcast: transactional


text:
Great work.
nice work.... I love it
haha, really nice!
Amazing work, Nice !
i love that hair so much
Thats f*ing awsome!
coool···i like
love it!
hell yeah this piece just rocks!
me gusta este! saludos por alla
Woooow - I like it so much.
The conception is great,not to mention the colours =]
The conception is great,not to mention the colours =]
definitely digging this, love the patterns..can i ask where u got the swatches they are cool i love how u use it
thanks!! *D
i made them by myself, sometime ill upload them to resources.
i made them by myself, sometime ill upload them to resources.
so good !
looks cool man
diggin the retro hair styles
diggin the retro hair styles
good stuff! muy bueno
neat : )
added to favs so i have matchy matchy
Aww why is this a scrap?
cool workz!
Holy shit rod, put this on a tshirt, i love it.
this rocks
i laik it mama
waw !
wow awesome work !!!
That would be a nice shirt design mate!
I love the design! Very unique
me encanto rodier!!!
s e x!
dope man, i like the pattern fills u used. an tha pupets.
haha thats great man, I think that if you made the mouths on them visibly allot different than it would make it have more impact, You probably tried it though.
ponderously sexyful
Straight to the zune! I love this one!
My lord this is sexy as
lol. esta muy bueno ^^
great job! loving your patterns
i know u know why am smiling
Vote 4 Rodier
Vote 4 Rodier


text:
|Allegro CL version 10.0
Unrevised from 9.0 to 10.0.
9.0 version
Arguments: x
Returns a short string constructed from x, analogous to string. x can be a short string, a regular string, a symbol of a character. Here is the action of short-string in each case:
See Arrays and short arrays in implementation.htm for a definition of short arrays and a discussion of the array implementation in Allegro CL.
Copyright (c) 1998-2015, Franz Inc. Oakland, CA., USA. All rights reserved.
Documentation for Allegro CL version 10.0. This page was not revised from the 9.0 page.
Created 2015.5.21.
|Allegro CL version 10.0
Unrevised from 9.0 to 10.0.
9.0 version


text:
Change Location
ACE Fit Share
Add these shoulder exercises into your regular workout routine and increase your upper body strength, while strengthening and stabilizing your shoulders. From the stability ball dumbbell press to the medicine ball push-up, these exercises are a great way to strengthen your deltoids, rotator cuff and trapezius muscles. Browse through our large collection of detailed tutorials and step-by-step demonstrations from today's leaders in the health fitness industry. For full workout routines featuring these shoulder exercises, visit our Workouts section.
Fit Life Articles
When it comes to training the core, there is a lot of conflicting advice out there. According to ACE pro Jonathan Ross, the core is best trained with an inclusive approach, like this fun and effective core workout experience featuring the TRX Suspension Trainer.
Do you struggle to drink enough water each day? Maybe you're too busy to drink or just don't like the taste of water. Getting in your recommended 2 to 3 liters of water a day can be a challenge, but you can do it by using these four proven strategies to help you boost your...
It's understandable to think that working out more means burning more, but burning "more" can also include burning valuables like lean muscle mass and your motivation. Train your body to avoid overtraining by looking out for these eight warning signs.


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Jazz in the Grazz
From the 1980s through 2005, Avain Hightower toured with The Chi-Lites, Marvin Gaye, The Whispers, The Stylistics, The Manhattans, The Dramatics, The Delphonics, The O'Jays, Harold Melvin Blue Notes and many other groups that were contracted with Universal Entertainment.
Avain Hightower formed the band Full Circle in 2005. The band consists of keyboards, lead guitar, bass guitar and drums as well as female and male vocalists. Avain Hightower and Full Circle had the pleasure in 2010 of opening for Toni Braxton, Al Jarreau and Smokey Robinson at the Country Club Hills Theatre, Country Club Hills, IL; ConFunkShun at the Majestic Star Casino, Gary, IN; and War at the Hyde Park Summer Festival in Chicago, IL; and in 2011, Russell Tompkins and The New Stylistics at the South Shore Summer Festival, Chicago, IL; Roy Ayers and War at the Hyde Park Summer Festival, Chicago, IL; and Charlie Wilson at the Country Club Hills Theatre, Country Club Hills, IL.
Avain Hightower and Full Circle have never failed in mesmerizing a captive audience with his velvet tones and their high-energy performance ranging from jazz, pop and R&B to neo soul.
Ray Silkman has been touted as one of the best sax men in the business. Emerging from humble beginnings, Ray Silkman has persevered through the hardest of times to be recognized as a viable force in the music industry. Silkman began playing the saxophone at the age of 12 in an effort to feel a connection with the father that he never knew.
His love for the craft inspired him to practice daily and achieve first chair ranking in middle school and throughout college. Growing up in a struggling household, he found his greatest inspiration to be his mother, who told him, "You can do anything that you put your mind to." Silkman moved to Chicago shortly after his mother's death only to find himself homeless and alone after being robbed and abandoned by the very people who brought him there. After spending months on the streets playing in subways and on street corners, he got his first break performing in a fashion show entitled "OGGI", interpreted "Live for the Day." Other opportunities followed, including a principal role in a recurring Chicago HMO commercial. Since those lonely and cold days performing on street corners, Ray Silkman has gone on to perform at countless clubs, festivals and special events in and around the Chicagoland area. His many performances have taken place in venues such as Chicago's United Center, Donald E. Stevens Convention Center, Poplar Creek and virtually every major jazz club in Chicago over the past 17 years. Ray has independently released five CDs, including his signature work "Sound Check" which features the hit single "So Saxual." "Sound Check" has received national and international acclaim as an epic work, producing multiple hit songs that still receive airplay on public and NIC radio stations across the U.S. Jazz FM in Europe has featured many of Ray's tracks on their evening jazz show, and "So Saxual" still receives major airplay here in the States. Ray Silkman has opened for jazz greats such as David Sanborn, Kenny G, George Benson, Keiko Matsui, Tom Scott and the late great Art Porter.
Suggs earned a BA in jazz studies from Columbia College Chicago, followed by a Master of Music from DePaul University in 2008. During his studies, Suggs began to hone his abilities as a vocalist in addition to pianist.
After graduating from DePaul, he began to establish himself as a recording artist and performer, producing three albums to date and touring throughout the country. Forward looking, yet rooted in culture, history, and tradition, Suggs's music and educational efforts are a reflection of his artistic values. Since relocating to New York in late 2012, Milton Suggs has made strides in establishing himself as one of the premier male jazz vocalists of his generation.
In 2013, Mr. Cannon was called on to perform with The Temptations and open shows for well-known artists as the George Duke & Stanley Clark at the Country Club Hills Theater in Dolton, IL. He also opened for Paul Taylor and Mesa (from Incognito Band) at Governor State University. Other artists include Queen Latifah, Michael Bolton, Angel Bofill, Fred Hammond, Pieces of a Dream, and Marion Meadows.
At the age of 12, Mr. Cannon started playing the bass guitar in neighborhood bands and later in high school. Inspired by the late Grover Washington Jr., Carlos Cannon eagerly picked up the alto saxophone and became the first chair player in the Paul Robeson High School jazz band in Chicago.
Carlos Cannon went on to major in music performance at Illinois State University where he formed his own jazz band and took first place in the state jazz band competition. He later transferred to Roosevelt University and continued his musical studies.
Carlos's musical influences include Boney James, Kenny G, Grover Washington Jr., Gerald Albright and David Sanborn. Carlos credits these icons that have inspired his musical development journey and make him the great saxophonist, producer and songwriter he is today.
The Chicago Sun-Times says, "The Carlos Cannon Band is one of the best entertaining bands seen in a long time." The Chicago Defender says, "If you want to be entertained, romanced and uplifted, saxophonist Carlos Cannon will do just that." Abyss Jazz magazine says, "Wow, Carlos Cannon incorporates magic in his musical performance; it's awesome!"
Joan's flowing sensual melodies, colorful improvisations and soulful stylings capture your ear, and her spirit will capture your heart. She blends the textures of jazz, RandB, blues and gospel in a way that gives her a distinct sound.
In 1997, Joan sang in the history-making movie "Soul Food." Four times, to standing-room-only crowds, she has enlightened audiences at the North Sea Jazz Festival in the Netherlands. Joan's other festival appearances include the JazzKaar Festival in Estonia (Russia); the Sister Cities Festival in Osaka, Japan; and touring northern Italy for the Central Jazz Torino School of Jazz. Joan has appeared at least 10 times at the Elkhart Jazz Festival and most recently gave her debut performance at the Chicago Jazz Festival, where she was named one of the top five "must-see" performances. In September 2011, Collaso opened for the R&B artist India Arie at the African Festival of the Arts in Chicago. She has been featured on countless radio and TV commercials. Collaso was a featured vocalist on world-renowned pianist Ramsey Lewis's "Urban Renewal" CD. Three times in 2009 she performed on the Oprah Winfrey show as background vocalist for Susan Boyle, Alicia Keys, Jennifer Hudson, Sugarland and Tim McGraw.
Joan Collaso went on to major in music performance at Illinois State University where he formed his own jazz band and took first place in the state jazz band competition. He later transferred to Roosevelt University and continued his musical studies.
While Collaso trail blazes her musical talents and performances all over the world, she also weaves her extraordinary skills in her community. As an advocate for social justice, she has written, produced and performed musical plays that teach history and promote education, courage and love for school-age children and their families.
In 2010 Collaso started a new organization, Timeless Gifts, a mentoring and performance program for youth in the arts (ages 8-18). Joan and some of her most accomplished colleagues are currently mentoring 25 young performers. Her ultimate vision for this organization is the "Timeless Gifts Center for the Arts."
Described by fellow saxophonist Mike Phillips as "one of the most versatile saxophonists in the game today," Jordan earned his reputation as an electrifying live performer after moving to Chicago in 1995. He was the front man for the Chicago-based funk unit Fat Time, and became an integral member in numerous jazz, R&B, and blues bands in the city.
In 2008, smooth jazz star Brian Culbertson asked Jordan to join his touring band, and he has since continued to captivate audiences around the world with his talents. As a sideman, he's performed live with major artists including Gerald Albright, Patti Austin, the Average White Band, Rick Braun, Jonathan Butler, Nick Collione, Eric Darius, George Duke, Aretha Franklin, Larry Graham, Earl Klugh, Dave Koz, Jeff Lorber, Najee, Phil Perry, David Sanborn, Gerald Veasley, and Kirk Whalum. Jordan's solo debut CD, Catalyst, was released in 2013.
A native of Monroe, Louisiana, she has called Chicago, Illinois, her adopted home for the past 18 years. Establishing a loyal fan base, the Louisiana-born singer hails from a family entrenched deeply in music, with lasting roots within the church. Her singing siblings were never far from the influence of their dad, who happened to be a prominent pastor in the community. Terisa reminisces, "Dad had perfect pitch and an ear for music; he taught us how to listen to each other's voices and harmonize. He could keep the audience captivated and I learned how if you could control an audience's emotions...you could keep them captivated with drama and honesty." On a music scholarship as a student at Northeastern Louisiana University, she packed up her belongings and relocated to Chicago. "I started checking out the night club scene in Chicago and hounding the club owners to allow me to sing on one of their off nights. They took a chance on me where I sang with some of the known bands in the city, so their audience would get to know me and become a Terisa Griffin fan. I sang background vocals for music legend Jerry Butler and in time, his large audience became my fans as well. This became my way of working in the music business." As Terisa's popularity grew on the musician and nightlife scene, so did her ability to land work for various advertising agencies recording jingles for popular commercials. Her strong and distinctive voice was quickly in demand as she gathered consistent commercial work. Along with paid gigs, this helped her financially fund and build her own independent music company, My Naked Soul Productions. In 1998 she released her first EP, Songbird as an introduction of original and cover works showcasing her amazing vocal skills. Having captured the attention of media and entertainment icons such as Oprah Winfrey, Diana Ross and the late comedian/actor, Bernie Mac; Songbird became a hit indie seller with local independent music retailers. Her first full length release didn't arrive until seven years later, My Naked Soul, showcasing the singer's talents as both a songwriter and producer. I remember when people first heard My Naked Soul and they would stand back with reservations and say 'Oh, I wonder if this will work'. I didn't care because it was my music in a very "naked" form and extremely pure. It was a reminder of what just pure Soul was about.


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Matthew Christopher Benner is an author from the east coast somewhere. I'm thinking Maine but I could be confusing him with a good writer. Pretty sure he lives near West Chester but google maps showed a bunch of West Chesters. If I had to guess, I'd say... West Chester, Illinois... though I'm basing that on nothing. Not one single thing. In fact, I'm pretty sure Illinois was one of the few states without a West Chester. Anyway, he has children, several of 'em - both girls that hopefully take after their mothers. And he's got trades besides "writing", seems to gather them like shot glasses: a licensed massage therapist because he's creepy and wants to touch people; a bartender, probably because no one would let him massage them without alcohol since he's so creepy; an avionics technician, 'cause why not, I guess; and he's a thief - I know of one time in particular when he stole the woman of a guy who writes author's bios for a living. These are just facts, just listing facts about him, just a list--bunch of stuff, all equally important for you to know about Matthew Christopher Benner. Really, all you need to know is that he never succeeds. And also that he's balding.
Review by:
Celeste Wiseman
on Dec. 21, 2012 :
This action packed, thought provoking page turner had me immediately captivated and kept me on the edge of my seat throughout its entirety. As the story unfolded, I felt as if I personally knew the characters and was on this exciting journey right alongside them. I thoroughly enjoyed trying to put together the subtle clues leading up to the mind bending sci-fi twist. I hated to see the book come to an end. It definitely left me wanting more. Kudos to this up and coming author!
(review of free book)
Review by:
Steve Matthew Benner
on Dec. 19, 2012 :
I enjoyed the book very much. It is a strange mix of scifi and western. Mr. Benner does an excellent job with developing the main characters and all the characters were realistic. There was a lot of action that kept my interest. I might suggest that the scifi part be elaborated on somewhat since I had forgotten some of the details by the last part of the story, but it didn't hurt the story as it developed. I look forward to reading more of his work.
(review of free book)
Review by:
Becca Sue
on Dec. 12, 2012 :
Henri Ville is a fantastic book. I'm particularly fond of strong lead characters and intricate, murky relationships. I also adore a good mystery, and this book brings all of that and more. From page one, you are simultaneously perplexed and enthralled, not knowing what will happen next but keeping your fingers crossed as you turn each page. There are characters that will make you shake your head and laugh, and characters that will infuriate you. The writing is fast-paced and thorough without being overly detailed. The book touches on topics of religious fanaticism, groupthink, addictions and the effects of decisions. I would recommend this for anyone who loves a good Western, sure, but also for anyone who enjoys complex characters and action. This book is definitely not just for chicks. Enjoy!
(review of free book)


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'Pink Picnic' spotlights breast cancer awareness
The BJ's Wholesale Club on Starling Drive teamed with VCU Massey Cancer Center October 5 to commemorate Breast Cancer Awareness Month with a "Pink Picnic." The celebration featured speakers such as cancer survivor Kim Newlen and Dr. Gilda Cardenosa (pictured at right, left to right, holding one of Newlen's "props"), director of breast imaging for radiology at VCU Massey Cancer Center. Newlen, creator of the post-surgical camisole Look Better Than You Feel, shared stories of her personal battle with breast cancer and Cardenosa discussed advances in breast cancer treatments and early detection methods.
At the event, BJ's also unveiled the "Pink Ribbon" club merchandise that the store will sell throughout the month of October. A portion of the money BJ's members spend on these "Pink Ribbon" club products will be donated to the BJ's Charitable Foundation, which then will distribute it to 13 National Cancer Institute designated cancer centers, including the VCU Massey Cancer Center. At a luncheon following the event, speakers gathered with BJ's staff members for a photo that included (above, left to right) Joyce E. Major, Ruth A. Zajur, Rosemary (Mimi) Stadie, Carlie Cross, Gilda Cardenosa, Kim Newlen, and Fred Kline.
19th Annual Asian American Celebration planned May 21
Citizen Staff Reports 05/16/2016
The Asian American Society of Central Virginia will hold its 19th Annual Asian American Celebration on Saturday, May 21 at the Greater Richmond Convention Center, 403 N. 3rd St. in Richmond, from 11 a.m. to 7 p.m. Admission is free.
The theme for this year's celebration will be "Our Heritage," in recognition of May as the Asian Pacific American Heritage month, designated by the U.S. Congress in 1992. > Read more.
The theme for this year's celebration will be "Our Heritage," in recognition of May as the Asian Pacific American Heritage month, designated by the U.S. Congress in 1992. > Read more.
Sandston Founders Club honors Sydnor
The Founders Club of Sandston presented lifetime membership to Charles W. Sydnor at its 12th annual meeting last month.
Sydnor, who grew up in Sandston and later served as president of Emory and Henry College for eight years, was honored by Founder Club President Alice Taylor Baldwin at the April 23 event at Sandston Memorial Recreation Center. > Read more.
Restaurant watch
Find out how your favorite dining establishments fared during their most recent inspections by the Virginia Department of Health. > Read more.
Business in brief
17 Henrico schools earn Virginia Index of Performance awards
Henrico-based Virginia Bankers Association announces scholarship recipients
2 Henrico students win Congressional Art Awards
Vithoulkas outlines $419.8M bond referendum proposal
- More News
Print Edition
May. 19, 2016Click here to read the print edition.
Restaurant watch
Weekend Top 10
Cultural Arts Center announces summer class schedule
CAT's 53rd season opens with new directors
Weekend Top 10
- More Entertainment
Obituary – Donald Mayo
Obituary – Anna Lee "Toady" Ward
Obituary – George Edward Moore, III
- More Obituaries
19th Annual Asian American Celebration planned May 21
Sandston Founders Club honors Sydnor
Anthem LemonAid registration opens
- More Community
'Good old days' were good – for some
Of character and parenting
Opinion: Rename school for late Henrico officer
- More Opinions
Strawberry visits Tuckahoe Little League
Athlete of the Week – July 3: Kayla Sell
- More Sports
Reader Survey | Advertising | Email updates
Place an Ad | More Classifieds
CalendarThe 8th Annual American Legion Post 242 & Battlefield Post 144 Sandston Memorial Day Parade will start at 1 p.m. at Seven Pines Elementary School on Beulah Road and proceed… Full text


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"Silver Springs" Top 5 Page for this destination Silver Springs by Katmosphere
Silver Springs Travel Guide: 17 reviews and 78 photos
Silver Springs is a town near Ocala and the Ocala National Forest. It is well known in these parts for its spring water. I was expecting to see springs shooting up from the ground, but they are under the water in a lagoon, and you can only see them from a glass bottom boat...
There are other rides besides the glass bottom boat, I also went on the Lost River ride and the Jeep ride. The River was my favorite. At one point the boat stops at this little place where they care for sick and injured birds. This is one of them.
You will see a lot of wildlife in the form of alligators, birds and turtles.
I learned that the old Tarzand movies were filmed here, as well as Creature from the Black Lagoon, among others.
- Pros:great scenery, interesting history, good water wildlife
- Cons:Eat before you come here. The only thing green that you will find will be relish for your choice of hot dog or hamburger. ewww
- In a nutshell:great day trip!
Reviews (1)
well, the legend goes that if you get your picture taken under this palm tree, good luck will prevail. Not that I'm... more travel advice
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Comments (12)
i'll send Scott over with a gas mask....
Oh the humanity!!!! No burritos here!!!!! :-)
I don't know why but it looks so familiar I think Lori & I have been in Silver Springs before ,I'll have to ask her Maybe my brother took as there ? Anyways Katmo ,that whole area is beautiful .Have a nice weekend
I want to, but I don't have the room for one :(
My grandmother always told me, never pick a fight with a girl that has numchucks, a sword or feet greater than size 87.
I am going to come to the USA sometimes.
Did you take your paints to Silver Springs ? Do you have anymore paintings we can see ?ones you have here is so very good.
'The Creature from the Black Lagoon'! So you've met my dear mother-in-law?
Apparently, the glass-bottomed boat was invented here 125 years ago! It's amazing what you can learn from the BBC :)
Hey Kat. That looks soooo serene!! Gorgeous!! Cheers, Ann :o)
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Comments about Miss Elaine Plus Long-Sleeve Short Robe:
This was just a purchase for me ! I love this robe very lite and silky I didn't want a heavy robe due to menopause and always being hot. Its made very well and will be my all time favorite robe.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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About Me Classic Dresser
Great robe! Just what I wanted!
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This is a light weight summer robe, very comfortable and washes well. This is my very favorite robe, hangs well.
great product!
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from Houston, TX
Well-made. Great fit!
Great Material...
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from Dallas, Tx.
One cannot beat the material that Miss Elaine uses, but I simply must have pockets, so I returned this purchase. :-(
Love this material!
You cannot beat the material that Miss Elaine uses, but I need pockets, so I returned the robe.


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What's really wrong with the U.S.-Saudi relationship - The Washington Post - 0 views
Saudi Arabia Warns of Economic Fallout if Congress Passes 9/11 Bill - The New York Times - 0 views
They Made Him a Moron | The Baffler - 0 views
Ed Webb on 27 Mar 16Great fun. Morozov takes down Alec Ross's book on technology, globalization etc.
Moscow and Washington Are Tweet-Fighting Over Who Bombed Aleppo | Foreign Policy - 0 views
Can the Saudi-led coalition win the war in Yemen? | openDemocracy - 0 views
Russia, Turkey and the rise of the Islamic State | Middle East Eye - 0 views
One of IS's great survival skills has been to make itself an enemy of everybody and priority of nobody
Foreign donors do contribute to IS, but the amount they contribute has never mattered
the real source of its wealth: captive populations
Here's what will happen if Iran joins the WTO - The Washington Post - 3 views
While it remains uncertain whether economic and financial sanctions would be technically permissible under the WTO's national security exception — which allows a member to take measures that it "considers necessary for the protection of its essential security interests"– these actions would clearly violate the spirit of the WTO and have therefore been rarely used.
the United States has switched to using other tools for coercive diplomacy to punish other recent WTO entrants.
Congress therefore created the China Commission, which was specifically formed to monitor China's human rights practices and maintain pressure on it. Similarly, Congress passed measures designed to allow it to more effectively use visa restrictions and financial asset freezes to coerce Russia, and foreign aid to extract concessions from Vietnam, after these states joined the WTO.
Rouhani criticizes IRGC's arrest of journalists - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East - 1 views
Iranian olive branch offers diplomatic paradigm shift - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Mi... - 1 views
Clinton questions Jordan's stability, provoking ire in Amman - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of... - 1 views
Clinton told an audience Oct. 7 in Mount Vernon, Iowa, that a final peace agreement between Israelis and Palestinians is unlikely until both sides "know what happens in Syria" and also depends on whether Jordan remains stable.
Questioning Jordan's long-term stability angered many in the country's political elite
"If such statements come from an individual who has no background to the Middle East and has a lack of intelligence about the situation in Jordan, nobody would react to it. But because it comes from Mrs. Clinton, this really has generated very serious and poor reactions in Jordan."
- ...2 more annotations...
The local media has extensively covered Clinton's comments, raising attention to an unwelcome issue for the Jordanian government.
While Clinton argued that potential Jordanian instability reduces chances for a peaceful Israeli-Palestinian outcome, many observers in Amman hold the opposite viewpoint: Israeli-Palestinian violence destabilizes the tranquil Hashemite kingdom. A Royal Court official told the International Crisis Group in March 2015, "Instability at Al-Aqsa harms internal Jordanian security and King Abdullah's standing. We managed the Arab Spring with barely any protests of more than 800 participants. But an escalation at Al-Aqsa could bring out 80,000." During the recent Jerusalem tensions, thousands of Jordanians protested in Amman and Irbid calling for harsher government policies against Israel. Amman faces a delicate balancing act given the public's passionate opposition toward the Jewish state while still maintaining the country's 1994 peace treaty with Israel.
Israel and Jordan agree on Al-Aqsa Mosque surveillance - Al Jazeera English - 1 views
The United States says that Israel and Jordan have agreed on steps, including 24-hour video surveillance, to try and help end weeks of violence over a Jerusalem site holy to Muslims, Jews and Christians.
Smoking gun emails reveal Blair's 'deal in blood' with George Bush over Iraq ... - 2 views
Senate Democrats hold up arms sales for Saudi war in Yemen - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of t... - 2 views
Congress was notified Aug. 19 of the Obama administration's intent to provide Riyadh with thousands of precision-guided munitions. The sale is linked to the administration's effort to placate Gulf countries' concerns about the Iranian nuclear deal, but it has hit a snag with Democrats on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee who want to see the Saudi-led campaign reeled in.
"I fear that our failure to strongly advocate diplomacy in Yemen over the past two years, coupled with our failure to urge restraint in the face of the crisis last spring, may put the viability of this critical [US-Saudi] partnership at risk," said Sen. Ed Markey, D-Mass. "The Leahy Law prohibits US security assistance — and many forms of defense cooperation — with forces that have engaged in gross violations of human rights. If reports are accurate, the Saudi indiscriminate targeting in the air campaign and an overly broad naval blockade could well constitute such violations."
While the sale is almost certain to go through eventually, they hope to use it as leverage to win concessions on kick-starting political negotiations with the Houthis and lifting the blockade
- ...2 more annotations...
Critics of the sale in particular point out that Riyadh has been able to derive extra legitimacy from the US support for its campaign.
"We are very careful in picking targets. We have very precise weapons," Saudi Foreign Minister Adel al-Jubeir told CBS News after an airstrike killed more than 130 people at a wedding reception. "We work with our allies, including the United States, on these targets."
Sen. Tim Kaine, D-Va. "It's not all bad that the Saudis decided that they wanted to act immediately in Yemen. I don't think we need to be 'mother may I' in terms of folks acting in their own security interests in the region. But I am struck by the level of their response compared to what I view as an extremely tepid response to Sunni extremism. It's not just Iranian influence in the region that should trouble us."
Syrian Kurdish leader: Moscow wants to work with us - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Midd... - 1 views
Ilham Ehmed, a senior member of the Democratic Union Party (PYD), told Al-Monitor in a brief interview Oct. 8 that "Russia says it wants to work with us" to combat the group that calls itself the Islamic State (IS) and other extremist organizations.
According to the Kurds, the United States has also frustrated their desire to expand their area of control in Syria,
While the United States supported the PYD in expelling IS from Kobani and in capturing Tell Abyad east of Kobani, Washington has promised Turkey not to allow the Kurds to move west toward Afrin in return for allowing the United States to fly bombing runs from Incirlik Air Base, Balanche said. He added that the PYD would face other obstacles in such an operation. "There are 500,000 people between Azaz, al-Bab, Manbaj and Jarabulus, including a Turkmen minority," he said. "It would be very difficult for the Kurds to capture this area without heavy US support."
Balanche wrote recently that if the United States does not back the Kurdish advance, the PYD will look to Russia and Assad "if that is its only path to a continuous territory in the north."
- ...4 more annotations...
the Obama administration needs the Kurds for a planned major offensive against the IS stronghold of Raqqa
Ehmed said that the Kurds are seeking "self-administration, not autonomy," along the lines of the Kurdistan Regional Government in Iraq. "We want to stay in Syria with our culture and our language,"
Turkey "opened the border for terrorism," she said. "Terrorism didn't come from the sky."
The dispute between Turkey and the Kurds has undermined the US goal of closing a 68-mile section of the Turkey-Syria border that has been controlled by IS and used for the transit of foreign fighters into Syria.
Lebanon reaps weapons windfall from Congress - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East - 1 views
Congress over the past year has approved more than $1 billion in proposed arms sales for the Lebanese armed forces, including attack aircraft and helicopters. And lawmakers on Sept. 29 cemented Beirut's status as a key ally with the release of a compromise annual defense bill that puts Lebanon on equal footing with longtime partner Jordan
aircraft sales would provide the Lebanese armed forces with close air support seen as crucial for strikes against IS militants along the border. Saudi Arabia is helping foot the bill through a $1 billion grant to Lebanon.
Yemen pays price for Saudis' sectarian paranoia | Middle East Eye - 1 views
The success of the Houthi insurgency from the north that swept the Yemeni leadership from power, taking over the capital Sanaa, was perversely treated by the Security Council as a military coup justifying the intervention by a Saudi-led coalition. Strange to recall that the 2013 undisguised military coup in Egypt, with much bloodier reprisals against the displaced elected rulers, aroused not a murmur of protest in the halls of the UN. So goes geopolitics in the Middle East.
the geopolitical tendency to reduce an incredibly complex national history and interplay of contending forces to a simplistic story of Sunni versus Shia rivalry for the control of the country
allows Saudi Arabia to portray the strife in Yemen as another theatre of the wider region proxy war pitting Saudi Arabia and its Gulf allies against Iran, which is a guaranteed way of securing US and Israeli backing
- ...4 more annotations...
not a regional politics based on sectarian priorities, but rather a pathological preoccupation with regime stability in the Saudi monarchy, with anxieties arising whenever political tendencies emerge in the region that elude its control, and are perceived as threatening
There is a long experience of division between the north and the south, and this means that any unity government for the whole of Yemen can only be sustained by an iron-fisted dictator like Saleh or through a genuine power-sharing federalist kind of arrangement. Beyond this, the country bears the scars of Ottoman rule intermixed with a British presence in Aden and the surrounding area, vital for colonial priorities of controlling the Suez and the trade routes to the East.
Additionally, Yemen remains a composite of tribes that still command the major loyalty of people. The modern European insistence on sovereign states in the Middle East never succeeded in overcoming the primacy of Yemeni tribal identities. Any possibility of political stability requires subsidising Yemen's tribes as Saudi Arabia did during Saleh's dictatorship (1990-2012) or creating a multi-coloured quilt of autonomous tribal polities. When geography and tribalism are taken into account recourse to the Shia-Sunni divide or the Riyadh-Tehran rivalry as an explanation of Yemen's strife-ridden country is a cruel and futile fantasy.
What is needed is establishing a political transition sensitive both to the North-South split and the strength of Yemeni tribes coupled with massive economic assistance from outside and the creation of a UN peacekeeping presence tasked with implementation
Such a rational path is currently blocked, especially by the intense militancy of the aggressive Saudi leadership of King Salman bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud, and his son, Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Secretary of Defence, the apparent champion of military intervention
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Returning to the negotiating table seems hard. The plan devised by the UN's Syria envoy, Staffan de Mistura, is backed most of all by Russia. But the opposite camp, meaning Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Turkey are resisting this [plan]. If the United States wants to pave the way for a solution, it must apply certain pressure on this camp
Russia and the United States seem to have established their own zones of influence within Syria. The US is active in the north. The Russians will not meddle in the north. But should Turkey attempt to intervene, then they will. Russia has a joint defense agreement with Syria. They will prevent Turkish intervention not to defend us [Kurds] but to defend Syria's border.


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