text:
Well met on Audiko.net! A perfect occasion to download a free Showbiz ringtones for your iPhone or mobile. Take your favorite segment from your favorite composition - Sunburn, kash ek din, THAT KITE Benjamin Franklin THEME SONG, or any other track. Then download the prepared Showbiz ringtones to your mobile, and enjoy Rap music by Showbiz every time your phone rings. If you are mad with Rap or maybe Hip-Hop and Underground Rap music, then you will probably like Doorie, OC, or Buckwild as well. For all who want a free Showbiz ringtone, we also recommend listening to new york, Old school rap, and Showbiz. You can get your ringtone both in the MP3 and m4a formats, compatible with both mobile phones and iPhones. Just select a track, and choose free Showbiz ringtones download option.
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The list of schools affected this time around and the number of letters for each, according to the RIAA: Drexel University (17 letters), Indiana University (23), Northern Illinois University (25), Occidental College (19), State University of New York at Morrisville (18), Texas Christian University (20), Tufts University (15), University of Alabama (14), University of California at Berkeley (19), University of Delaware (18), University of Georgia (13), University of Iowa (18), University of Michigan at Ann Arbor (20), University of Nebraska at Lincoln (13), University of New Hampshire (30), University of New Mexico (17), University of South Florida (43), University of Southern California (37) and Vanderbilt University (32).
Each of the letters reveals that a student or employee of the school is about to be sued for copyright infringement. The letters also offer the opportunity for those targeted to settle out of court at a "discounted rate" that allows targets to settle their claims online, adds CNET.
Submissions are being taken for the "Macsimum Macworld San Francisco 2008 Coupon Book." For details email Dennis at email@example.com

subset: commoncrawl


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Clay Walker
0 Shouts - 1,412,227 Scrobbles
With his first two singles reaching number one upon their release, Clay Walker immediately established himself as a commercial success. Unlike most of his new country contemporaries of the mid-'90s, he was able to sustain that success over a couple of years, racking up no less than five number one singles in the first three years of his career.Read More...
Clay Walker (born August 19, 1969) was born and raised on a farm in Beaumont, TX, the hometown of George Jones. Walker fell in love with country music at an early age, when his father gave him a guitar when he was only nine years old. After he graduated from high school, Walker pursued a musical career full-time, playing concerts across the South, the Midwest, and Canada. For over three years, he toured and went to school, taking courses about the music business. During this time, he acted as his own manager. Eventually, he became the house singer at the Neon Armadillo bar in Beaumont. While performing at the club, producer James Stroud heard Walker and offered to work with the singer. Stroud helped Walker secure a contract with Giant Records, and the pair began working on the vocalist's debut album.
"What's It to You" became a number one hit upon its release in August of 1993, with "Live Until I Die" following it into the pole position later that same year. Both singles were featured on his debut album, Clay Walker, which was released in the fall of 1993. "Where Do I Fit in the Picture," the third single from the album, became a number 11 hit in early 1994. "White Palace" was a flop, failing to crack the Top 40, but "Dreaming With My Eyes Open" became his third number one hit in the summer of 1994, helping make his debut record a platinum album. If I Could Make a Living was not quite as successful as his debut, yet it still yielded the number one title track. Hypnotize the Moon, Walker's third album, appeared in the fall of 1995, preceded by the number two single "Who Needs You Baby." He followed with Self Portrait in 1996 and Rumor Has It in 1997. A Greatest Hits collection appeared in 1998 and a new album, Live, Laugh, Love, was released in 1999. Say No More followed two years later.
Read more on Last.fm. User-contributed text is available under the Creative Commons By-SA License; additional terms may apply.
Top SongsTotal plays on Last.fm over the last 6 months
- LyricsSomething about the way she's wearing
Her dress a little tighter
Something about the way she's staring
She's looking to start a fire
Something about the way she's dancing
- LyricsEvery time I close my eyes I can touch the colors around me
Suddenly I realize everything I thought was impossible is here
And my heart sings in a world so incredible
And everything burns much brighter
- LyricsShe knew she caught my eye
And that was all it took
Ain't it strange how forever changed
With just one look
The magic filled the night
- LyricsHe was driving home one evening in his beat up Pontiac
When an old lady flagged him down her Mercedes had a flat
He could see that she was frightened standing out there in the snow
'Til he said, I'm here to help you mam, by the way my name is Joe
She said, I'm from St. Louis and I'm only passing through
- LyricsSo long, see you around
Seen all I wanna see of this town
I'm out of time and I'm out of tears
Out of my mind and I'm out of here
Who needs the heartache baby, who needs the pain?
- If I Could Make A Living (Album Version) - 50,504 plays
- You're Beginning To Get To Me - 55,633 plays
- Watch This - 52,012 plays
- Only On Days That End In "Y" - 50,469 plays
- Where Do I Fit In The Picture - 42,009 plays


text:
Ezekiel Layne T-Shirt
Sorry, this product is currently not available on buckle.com.
- Striped front pocket t-shirt
- 100% Cotton.
- Machine wash cold. Wash dark separately. Do not bleach. Tumble dry low. Use cool iron as needed.
- Made in India.
Have a Question?
- Chest measures 43" on a size medium.
- Center back length measures 27".


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29 year old woman | Hermitage, TN, United States | Seeking men 25-35 within 30 miles
Work hard, play hard!
Hey guys! I moved down here to Tennessee from Ohio for a job and would like to meet some new people outside of work. I tend to be very spontaneous and up for anything - love trying new things and meeting new people. I'll try anything once! Hahaha! I am into fitness, love anything outdoors and enjoy playing sports. An active lifestyle for my guy is a must. Relaxing with some drinks and free flowing conversation is always good, as well as trying new foods at a cool restaurant. I also have an artsy side. I like to oil paint when I have time, and I am attracted to people who have a creative spark as well! My career is a big part of my life. I am a physical therapist and I take a lot of pride in what I do. I help patients rehab from athletic and work related injuries and I feel a strong connection to my field of work. In saying so, I am attracted to men who work hard, are financially stable and who are passionate about what they do!
Camping , Coffee and conversation , Business networking , Dining out , Fishing/Hunting , Gardening/Landscaping , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Nightclubs/Dancing , Performing arts , Playing sports , Travel/Sightseeing , Watching sports , Wine tasting
Basketball, Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Golf, Running, Soccer, Tennis / Racquet sports, VolleyBall, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I have Cats
My two young cats are named Jack and Mojo! When I'm at home they keep me on the go!
Middle of the Road
Good music - live music especially! Anything active, indoors or outdoors!
Drinks and good conversation, cabrewing, co-ed sports, painting, biking/running/walking trails, meeting new people!
Magazine articles related to women's fitness and paleo nutrition!
Z{{Cta}} {{#if HasMoreInfo}} ?{{CtaSecondary}} {{/if}}
|What she is looking for
|5'10" (177cms)
|5'8" (172cms) to 6'6" (198cms)
|Body type:
|Athletic and toned
|About average, Athletic and toned, Stocky
|No preference
|Auburn / Red
|No preference
|No Way
|Social Drinker
|Social Drinker
|Medical / Dental / Veterinary / Fitness
|No preference
|$50,001 to $75,000
|No preference
|Never Married
|Never Married
|Have kids:
|Wants kids:
|White / Caucasian
|No preference
|Christian / Other
|Christian / Catholic, Christian / Other
|Graduate degree
|Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral


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... i'll just put this one here too.. yuzu imitating nobu
wow!! the many things i adore about yuzu all in one day!
thanks to the uploader
well atleast he only fell once on this broadcast so thats an accomplishment for him.. (knowing his past with broadcasted performances) haha
If you watch the show finale- he's super tired at the end of it. He really needs time to rest and relax a bit.
Did we have this video, Yuzu imitating Oda? Cuteness overload!!! Kana at the back is totally ignoring his act...
ps. Yuzu, are you flirting with the audience?
Like a Nemo~~
Yuzu's Dreams on Ice performance:
jumping a 4Lo, perfect air position, his jumping abilities i almost super human like


text:
Eric Fraint, CPA
Eric Fraint, CPA, founded Your Part-Time Controller, LLC. in 1993 to provide nonprofits with controller services on an as-needed basis. They now have offices in Washington DC, New York and Philadelphia. His extensive experience with nonprofits includes serving as treasurer or as a board member for numerous organizations including the Greater Philadelphia Cultural Alliance, the Grand Canyon Association, the Young Playwrights' Theater of Washington, D.C., the Philadelphia Foundation, the Philadelphia Jewish Archives Center, the Jewish Publication Society, Creative Access, the Kellman Brown Academy, and Temple Read more
Laura Solomon, Esq.
Laura Solomon, Esq. has dedicated her career to advising charitable organizations, their management, and boards of directors. She understands the challenges facing charities and is uniquely qualified to help them maximize their missions and minimize their tax liability. Her practice is concentrated in the representation of exempt organizations, to make the highest quality corporate and tax legal services accessible to any nonprofit organization. Prior to starting her practice, Laura was associated with the law firm of Ballard Spahr Andrews and Ingersoll in Philadelphia. She has Read more
Michael Schweisheimer
Michael Schweisheimer, founder and executive producer of Primitive World Productions, is an award-winning filmmaker with experience behind the camera since 1991. He has been involved in the creation of hundreds of films and videos, ranging from corporate training and promotional projects, to television commercials and feature films. Michael founded Primitive World Productions in 2000 with an emphasis on nonprofit organizations, helping them to convey their missions to the public through video communication. He enjoys consulting, speaking and teaching about the intersection between nonprofits, education and Read more
Mark Lashley, Ph.D.
Mark C. Lashley, Ph.D. is an assistant professor of communication at La Salle University whose expertise includes mass media, with an emphasis on social media. From his dissertation to his master's thesis, to his roles as editor, author, lecturer, media guest and instructor, Mark's knowledge of and interest in popular culture and social media tools distinguishes his teaching for The Nonprofit Center on harnessing the power of social media. He earned his BA in communication at the University of Scranton and his MA in Mass Read more
Susan Tyler
Susan Tyler is the owner and principal consultant of The Tyler Group, an organization and development consulting firm. Her extensive experience in both nonprofit and for-profit organizations has enabled her to effectively partner with clients in change management, strategy deployment, organizational effectiveness, leadership development and cultural awareness, by implementing innovative problem-solving techniques. Her background in human resources compliments her organizational development experience, as she is able to provide consultation in workforce planning, staffing, compensation practices, talent management and team building.
In 2001, Susan founded a nonprofit Read more
Janis Glenn
Janis Glenn, M.P.A. is an executive coach, trainer, facilitator, and organizational development consultant with over 20 years of experience in leadership training, management and performance coaching, emotional intelligence competencies, strategic partnerships, effective communications, and resource development in the nonprofit, public, and private sectors. She is a partner in The Trainers Consortium, a corps of trainers and consultants experienced in national service and nonprofit leadership, and founder and CEO of Pathways LLC, a woman-owned business offering professional, executive and life coaching services to individuals and groups Read more
Lori Moffa
Lori Moffa is the Director of Consulting for The Nonprofit Center at LaSalle University's School of Business. For over 20 years Lori has worked in the nonprofit sector in a variety of roles. At United Way of King County, Seattle, she recruited and managed a corps of consultants, including some volunteer, to provide technical assistance and training to nonprofit organizations. During her many years in Philadelphia nonprofits, Lori has worked for the United Way of Gloucester County determining community needs, reviewing funding applications and distributing Read more
Thomas Scurto-Davis
Thomas Scurto-Davis, director of finance and operations at the Main Line Art Center in Haverford, has been committed to promoting nonprofits through enhanced education and management, for more than 30 years. With a special interest in arts and culture, he is passionate about advancing the role of arts and culture in the national consciousness.
Thomas got hooked on the arts through his school's arts programs, then successfully pursued his professional artistic goal with a career as an operatic baritone. His performance career included singing in some Read more
Stephanie Kindt
Stephanie Kindt has skillfully paired her expertise as an attorney with her human resources leadership roles, working in such diverse areas as human resources compliance, leadership development, policy development, performance management, employee communications, HR audits, and diversity and inclusion strategies and programs. She previously worked for 11 years at GlaxoSmithKline where she designed and implemented programs and also served as a trainer. Stephanie is a certified administrator of the MBTI (Myers Briggs Type Indicator) and the Neuro PQ assessment tool. Stephanie has a master's degree in industrial Read more
Sherry Carmella Hicks
Sherry Carmella Hicks has had an extensive career in communications, encompassing public relations, marketing, community outreach, writing, media relations, communications planning, public speaking and event planning, as well as serving as an adjunct professor at Rowan University. In addition to her teaching responsibilities, she also does communications consulting. Previously, she served as communications director for the Pennsylvania Humanities Council. Experienced in all aspects of communications and marketing, she has been responsible for media relations, internal communications and marketing and community relations for a wide range Read more


text:
In case you haven't yet seen "Beasts of the Southern Wild," that's still your best bet for a satisfying cinematic experience. Otherwise, this holiday weekend's offerings feel tired and uninspired, ranging from the unnecessary reboot "The Amazing Spider-Man" (already going strong) and Oliver Stone's soulless and frenetic "Savages," to the Duplass brothers' little indie "The Do-Deca Pentathlon" and Martin Donovan's "Collaborator," which is earning by far the best reviews.
Check out reviews, trailers and more below:
"Savages" Universal, US | Dir: Olivier Stone; Cast: Salma Hayek, John Travolta, Benicio Del Toro, Taylor Kitsch, Blake Lively, Aaron Johnson | 67% Fresh | Village Voice: "Soul is something Savages has in short supply, not least because Kitsch and Johnson register as blanks on-screen,..[Hayek and del Toro] give big, scenery-chewing performances and earn our interest and empathy even while committing heinous acts. Their knowing camp, particularly contrasted by the dishwater petulance of the trio of white people the movie seems to want us to root for, at least gives us something to laugh with, rather than at." | Chicago Tribune: "[It] has trouble making us care what happens to the beautiful people - the untouchables - at the center of the sun-baked fairy tale." | Clips & Featurettes.
"The Magic of Belle Isle" Magnolia, US | Dir: Rob Reiner; Cast: Morgan Freeman, Viriginia Madsen, Madeline Carroll | 44% Rotten | Village Voice: "It's predictably ironic that The Magic of Belle Isle champions the unparalleled power of imagination while displaying absolutely none of its own."
"Collaborator" Tribeca Film, US | Dir: Martin Donovan; Cast: Martin Donovan, David Morse, Olivia Williams | 83% Fresh | TimeOut NY: "As the characters drink and drug a long night away, the film turns into a pointed examination of the many masks people don to hide their various grievances and torments." | Donovan Talks Directing Actors on Indiewire.
"The Do-Deca Pentathlon" Red Flag Releasing, US | Dir: Jay and Mark Duplass; Cast: Mark Kelly, Steve Zissis | 67% Fresh | AV Club: "Its insights are modest, but modesty is a virtue for a low-key comedy this doggedly unpretentious." | toh! Interviews the Duplass Bros | toh! Review.
"Crazy Eyes" Strand Releasing, US | Dir: Adam Sherman; Cast: Lukas Haas, Madeline Zima | 38% Rotten | EW: "An appreciation that the pain is personal doesn't compensate for the picture's self-absorbed need to alienate."


text:
IL Dem lt. governor candidate Cohen quits race
Scott Lee Cohen's rapid rise and fall almost deny him any legacy in the annals of Illinois politics. He should've held out longer, just to see how much he could upset the politics-as-usual applecart.
Democratic lieutenant governor candidate Scott Lee Cohen, a Chicago pawnbroker whose surprise primary win last week was followed by scandalous revelations about his troubled past with a prostitute ex-girlfriend, said Sunday night he would quit as nominee.
"For the good of the people … I will resign," a tearful Cohen told reporters at a news conference he chose to hold at a Far North Side bar during halftime of the Super Bowl.
via Scott Lee Cohen, Democratic lieutenant governor nominee, quits race – chicagotribune.com.
Now the next candidate will be chosen by Democratic State Central Committee, headed by powerful Speaker of the House Mike Madigan. Gee, can't wait to see what fine upstanding Springfield insider will be added to the ticket!
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text:
Hotel addressGH New World Center Yanda Road
Huicheng District Huizhou City
How to reach the hotel
Contact the hotel
- Tel. (+86)752/2067888
- Fax. (+86)752/5316866
- email@example.com
Recently viewed hotels
ibis Huizhou Yanda - hotel description
Hotel code: 6749
The ibis Huizhou Yanda is ideally located in the Yanda Shopping and Leisure area of Huizhou City. Close to scenic attractions such as Huizhou West Lake, Nanshan Nature Park and famous Luofu Mountain, the hotel is easily accessible around Huizhou via public transportation, bus stations and Huizhou Railway Station. The hotel features 162 comfortable rooms with complimentary high speed internet, 24 hours reception service, 24 hour snack service and 1 Restaurant and a Bar.
Message from the hotel manager
Mr Kevin JING, the manager of the ibis Huizhou Yanda hotel, would like to welcome you.
Work in this hotel
These prices may be based on different room types. Depending on the country, these prices may not include taxes, may include VAT only or may include all taxes (VAT and city tax). When prices do not include all taxes, the relevant taxes (VAT and/or city tax) will be stated in the following stages of the reservation process. The price is only guaranteed at the time of reservation.
2. Paying
Hotel classifications (1 to 5 stars for France) correspond to criteria laid down by local regulations.


text:
Happy Birthday Rosie
I hope that you have a wonderful day
Happy Birthday Rosie . Hope you are having a great day .
Rosie! I'm so sorry I missed your birthday.
I hope it was a beautiful day and may your new year be filled with only happiness, good health and good fortune for you!
Thanks everyone! I did indeed have a great day!
xxoo Rosie


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Got it since last week ,this sweater is really nice
Love this knit sweater, I'm going to add this to my cart!
Gorgegous sweater, it has a great weight to it and it will deinately keep you warm in those Fall and Winter months. Great price too! But, shipping and delivering is rediculous.. it took 21 days to get here literally
Looks as pretty in real, great for both Fall and Winter
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ITALY: Capvis acquires Arena swimwear business
By Katie Smith | 7 January 2014
Swimwear company Arena has struck a deal to be acquired by Swiss private equity firm Capvis for an undisclosed sum.
Arena has subsidiaries in Italy, France, Germany and the US, and operates through a global network of distributors and licensees. The brand is present in more than 100 countries worldwide.
"We welcome Capvis as our new partner and look forward to working together on becoming the market leader for competitive waterwear and promoting aquatic sports globally," said Arena CEO Cristiano Portas.
Capvis partner Andreas Simon added: "As a global champion in its niche, Arena perfectly fits the Capvis investment strategy."
The acquisition is subject to approval by antitrust authorities.
|Capvis powers off the blocks with arena
Capvis, the leading Swiss mid-market private equity fund, has acquired arena, one of the world's reference brands in aquatic sports. For over 40 years, arena has equipped the world's Olympic gold medallists and watersport lovers with racing, training and leisure swimwear built on a foundation of technology and innovation. The acquisition is subject to approval by antitrust authorities.
Established in 1973 by German sports visionary Horst Dassler, son of the Adidas founder, arena was among the first swimwear companies to engage in textile and fluid dynamics research in quest to develop the fastest, lightest, smoothest and most durable products for both competitive and recreational swimmers. Throughout the years, arena has equipped some of the world's greatest swimming champions, incl. Mark Spitz, Franziska Van Almsick, Alexander Popov and Rebecca Soni to name only a few. arena continues to define trends and set standards to this very day, most recently with its Powerskin Carbon-Pro racing swimsuit featuring the breakthrough technology of 'intelligent compression'. In 2013 in Barcelona, arena counted up its most successful World Championships with almost half of all medals awarded in the pool and open water - along with three of six new world records - going to athletes wearing arena suits.
Headquartered in Tolentino (Italy), the arena research and development team works with a network of scientific partners and fabric manufacturers to develop innovative technologies applicable to racing swimwear and equipment. arena has subsidiaries in France, Germany, and the U.S., and also operates through a global network of distributors and licensees. The arena brand has a presence in over 100 countries around the globe.
Andreas Simon, partner of Capvis, comments: "As a global champion in its niche, arena perfectly fits the Capvis investment strategy. Propelled by innovation and uncompromising commitment to the sport of swimming and the brand visibility powering its surge worldwide, arena is uniquely positioned in one of the most popular sports categories. arena's brand equity, validated from premier teams and organisations, offers significant value creation potential. We have followed the company and its management for years and are thrilled to power off the blocks with them, in the true sense of the word."
Cristiano Portas, CEO of arena, confirms: "We are enthusiastic about our new shareholder Capvis who has the same vision for our brand and who shares our passion and determination for working hard to achieve great things. We welcome Capvis as our new partner and look forward to working together on becoming the market leader for competitive waterwear and promoting aquatic sports globally."
About Capvis
About arena
Original source: www.capvis.com
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text:
Economic development is necessary but not sufficient for social progress. A country's overall level of development masks social and environmental strengths and challenges. At a disaggregated level, the social progress index shows areas of underperformance and success for countries at all income levels. Read our full report.
The 2015 Social Progress Index includes 133 countries covering 94% of the world's population, plus 28 countries with partial data. This brings coverage to a total of 99% of the world's population. This year's Social Progress Index again reveals striking differences across countries in their overall social performance, and across different components of social progress. This chapter provides an overview of the key findings, from two perspectives:
• The global perspective and how the world as a whole performs on different components of social progress.
• Performance by country.
The Social Progress Index score is an average across three dimensions: Basic Human Needs, Foundations of Wellbeing, and Opportunity. Each dimension is made up of four equally-weighted individual components scored on an objective scale from 0 to 100. Higher scores mean higher social progress, and lower the reverse. The scale is determined by identifying the best and worst actual global performance on each indicator by any country since 2004, and using these levels to set the maximum (100) and minimum (0) bounds. Thus, the scaling of Social Progress Index scores allows the tracking of absolute performance that can be compared across peers, rather than using abstract, relative measures.
By creating an average of all country scores weighted by population, we can create a tangible measure of the world's total level of social progress and which aspects of social progress are most and least advanced.
If the world were a country, it would score 64.39 in Social Progress based on a simple average of countries and 61.00 on a population-weighted basis. These averages are the equivalent to countries such as Guatemala and Kazakhstan.
On a population-weighted basis, we see important global differences across the various aspects of social progress (see Figure 2.1). While the world scores 68.33 in Basic Human Needs and 66.45 on the Foundations of Wellbeing dimension, Opportunity scores just 48.23. Creating opportunity remains a goal that many nations fail to achieve. Simple average global scores tell the same story. The world remains best at meeting Basic Human Needs and creating the Foundations of Wellbeing (70.82 and 67.68). There is a significant drop in the Opportunity score (52.03), despite the fact that developing countries have a smaller weight under this approach. This shows the challenges all countries face in this dimension.
Examining the components of social progress on a global basis in more detail yields further insight into areas of progress as well as challenges.
• Basic Human Needs: Average world performance is best on Nutrition and Basic Medical Care (87.47) and Water and Sanitation (68.57). This reflects important progress in global development in areas that have been the focus of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. The last two and a half decades have seen child mortality fall by 49% and access to safe drinking water increase from 76% to 89%. Shelter, not addressed in the Millennium Development Goals, scores 60.99. The worst performing component is Personal Safety (56.27), also not a Millennium Development Goal.
• Foundations of Wellbeing: Average world performance is best on Access to Basic Knowledge (85.98), an area of focus for the Millennium Development Goals. Primary school enrolment has increased 11 percentage points since 1990 . Access to Information and Communications (63.56) and Health and Wellness (64.67) have lower but similar scores. Access to Information and Communications will probably continue to rise with the continued spread of mobile telecommunications. While Health and Wellness has an uneven relationship with economic development and rising wealth (see below). The worst performing component of this dimension is Ecosystem Sustainability (51.60), which remains a problem for countries at all income levels.
• Opportunity: Average world performance is best on Personal Freedom and Choice (61.23) with scores on the other three components significantly lower: Access to Advanced Education (46.24), Personal Rights (43.10), and Tolerance and Inclusion (42.36). Of these, Personal Rights is the area that has the widest variance, with some countries scoring very poorly with scores as low as 2.32, while others perform well with scores as high as 98.84. Tolerance and Inclusion is the worst or second-worst scoring component for one-third of countries. As countries move into middle income status, Tolerance and Inclusion scores often deteriorate before they improve. Access to Advanced Education, on the other hand, tends to improve as countries get richer, first achieving high primary and secondary education levels, and building the proportion of citizens with university training.
Figure 2.1/ World Social Progress Index and Component Scores
Click on the image for larger view.
Social Progress by Country
With these global averages as context, we now turn to the centerpiece of our analysis: the 2015 Social Progress Index by country (see Table 2.1). We ranked 133 countries with sufficient data to calculate scores for all 12 components. From highest to lowest in terms of social progress, we classify the countries into six tiers from 'Very High Social Progress' to 'Very Low Social Progress.' Each tier represents a distinct group of social progress scores on a statistical basis.
Table 2.1 / Social Progress Index 2015 results
Very High Social Progress Countries
Ten countries in the world represent the "top tier" in terms of social progress and register generally strong performance across all three dimensions. The average dimension scores for this tier are: Basic Human Needs is 94.77, Foundations of Wellbeing is 83.85, and Opportunity is 83.07. These countries show generally strong performance on Personal Freedom and Choice and Tolerance and Inclusion. As with most high-income countries, the top 10 score lowest on Ecosystem Sustainability and Health and Wellness, but they distinguish themselves with slightly better performance on both components than their peers. Nearly all of the top 10 are relatively small countries, with only Canada having a population greater than 25 million.
The top three countries in the world on Social Progress are Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland with closely grouped scores between 88.36 and 87.97. Despite the tightly clustered overall scores, there is variation among the countries in terms of strengths and weaknesses.
Norway, the top country, ranks first in the world on Foundations of Wellbeing (with a score of 88.46), due in part to achieving the highest score on Access to Information and Communications. Norway is 9th in terms of Basic Human Needs and Opportunity.
Sweden, the second place country, registers a more balanced portfolio across the Index. While it does not lead the world on any individual dimension, it ranks 3rd on Foundations of Wellbeing (86.43), 5th in terms of Opportunity (82.93), and 8th on Basic Human Needs (94.83).
Switzerland, the third place country, is 2nd in the world on both Basic Human Needs (95.66) and Foundations of Wellbeing (86.50), and is the top performer in the world on Ecosystem Sustainability. In contrast, Switzerland ranks 10th in terms of Opportunity (81.75), driven by weaker performance on Access to Advanced Education and Tolerance and Inclusion.
The rest of the top ten includes Iceland, New Zealand, Canada (the highest ranking member of the G7), Finland, Denmark, Netherlands, and Australia. These countries are closely bunched, with scores of between 86 and 88. Of this group, Finland recorded the highest scores of all countries on Nutrition and Basic Medical Care and Personal Freedom and Choice, Denmark is the world's top performer on Shelter, New Zealand tops Personal Rights, and Iceland has the highest performance on Tolerance and Inclusion.
Overall, the findings from the top 10 reveal that there are strong models in the world for advanced social progress. Consistent strength in Basic Human Needs as well as several distinctive areas of strength in Foundations of Wellbeing and Opportunity are the key characteristics of this highest tier.
However, even the strongest countries in terms of social progress have unfinished agendas and areas for improvement. For example, nearly all these countries score low on Ecosystem Sustainability with an average score of only 66.08.
High Social Progress Countries
A group of 21 countries, ranging from the United Kingdom (84.68) to Italy (77.38) represent the next tier of countries in terms of social progress. This group includes many rich countries, as would be expected, but also some high performing emerging countries from Europe, Latin America, and Asia. This group includes a number of the world's leading economies in terms of GDP and population, including the remaining six members of the G7: the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, the United States, France, and Italy.
The average dimension scores for this tier are: Basic Human Needs is 90.86, Foundations of Wellbeing is 77.83, and Opportunity is 73.82. While the countries of this tier have high scores overall on the Social Progress Index, they generally have one or more components with significantly lower scores. The weakest component for this group as a whole is Ecosystem Sustainability.
The Social Progress Index reveals significant differences among these leading nations.
• The U.S. leads the world in Access to Advanced Education, making Opportunity (82.18) its highest ranked dimension (8th), but performs weakest in Ecosystem Sustainability and Health and Wellness.
• The United Kingdom demonstrates strength in Opportunity, ranking 6th with a score of 82.78, but ranking only 19th in Basic Human Needs (92.22).
• Germany's highest ranked dimension is Foundations of Wellbeing (10th) where its score is 81.50, despite its weakest performance relative to others in Health and Wellness.
• Japan's strength is in the area of Basic Human Needs (95.01; 5th), whereas both Foundations of Wellbeing and Opportunity are below 80 (with ranks of 20th and 19th). Japan tops the world in Access to Basic Knowledge and is weakest on Ecosystem Sustainability. In Opportunity, Japan scores well in Personal Rights (5th) but low in Tolerance and Inclusion (60.31; 42nd).
• France performs best in Basic Human Needs (91.16; 22nd) but faces challenges in the other dimensions due to low scores in Ecosystem Sustainability and Tolerance and Inclusion.
• Italy scores highest in the Basic Human Needs dimension (88.39; 29th) but shows weakness across the Opportunity dimension (66.76; 30th).
The emerging European countries in this tier - Slovenia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Slovakia, and Poland - all score highly in Nutrition and Basic Medical Care, but fail to meet the level of Health and Wellness achieved by the other countries in this group. In contrast, the Latin American countries, Uruguay, Chile, and Costa Rica, have relatively balanced performance across the twelve components, with weakest scores in Access to Advanced Education and Ecosystem Sustainability (see Social Progress Performance by Region and Country Group later in this chapter).
The differences in performance within this tier illustrate a key finding of the Social Progress Index: Even at relatively high levels of economic development, there is considerable variation across countries across components of social progress. Even within a dimension, strength in a specific component need not spill over to adjacent components within that dimension. The sharp observed contrasts in strengths and weaknesses reflect not only cultural differences, but also policy and investment choices. European countries, Japan, and the high-performing Latin American countries in this tier tend to have broad social safety nets that may explain differences in social progress outcomes. These countries register lower absolute scores when moving from Basic Human Needs to Foundations of Wellbeing to Opportunity. In contrast, both the United States and United Kingdom have tended to make policy choices and social commitments with a philosophy of greater individualism. They perform better on the Opportunity dimension than on Foundations of Wellbeing.
Upper Middle Social Progress Countries
A third tier of 25 countries comprises some countries that acceded to the European Union after 2000, Balkan countries, Latin American countries, rich countries from the Middle East, and Greece, the only EU15 country that falls into this category instead of tiers one and two. The group includes countries at sharply different levels of economic development, ranging from Paraguay ($7,833) to Kuwait (which has one of the highest measured GDPs per capita in the world, $82,358, but is ranked 47th in terms of Social Progress). This group reveals that high GDP per capita does not guarantee social progress. Scores range from Hungary at 74.80 to Paraguay at 67.10. This diverse group of nations has achieved generally good (though not world-leading) levels of social progress. Average scores for this tier are: Basic Human Needs is 80.66, Foundations of Wellbeing is 73.52, and Opportunity is 57.73.
A main finding in this group is sharply lower scores on the Opportunity dimension compared to Basic Human Needs and Foundations of Wellbeing. As shown in Figure 2.2, every country in the upper middle social progress group, regardless of region, scores significantly lower on the Opportunity dimension than Basic Human Needs and Foundations of Wellbeing. This trend is most marked for very high income countries, such as UAE and Kuwait, that do well on aspects of social progress that are more correlated with GDP per capita and countries of southeastern Europe, including the former Yugoslavia, where there are specific issues with minorities. Of this tier, Jamaica, Brazil, and Mexico diverge from this trend, showing less variability among their three dimension scores, reflecting a broader positive performance on this dimension by Latin American countries.
Israel, the fourth richest countries in this group, ranks 40th in the Social Progress Index with a score of 72.60. Israel's performance in Nutrition and Basic Medical Care and Water and Sanitation is at the same level as top tier countries. Similarly, it scores high in Access to Basic Knowledge and Access to Advanced Education. However, Israel lags in Personal Safety, Ecosystem Sustainability, and Tolerance and Inclusion.
Lower Middle Social Progress Countries
The fourth tier, comprising 42 countries, is the largest tier, ranging from Thailand at 57th (with a score of 66.34) to Nepal at 98th (with a score of 55.33). A meaningful level of social progress has been realized within this tier, particularly in Basic Human Needs where no country within this tier scores below 55.50. However, no country within this tier scores above 62.38 on Opportunity. The average dimension scores for this tier are: Basic Human Needs is 72.34, Foundations of Wellbeing is 66.90, and Opportunity is 47.14. The countries in this tier are closely bunched in terms of their overall Social Progress Index score, even compared to other tiers, but they have widely differing strengths and weaknesses which lead to diverse social progress agendas.
One group of countries stand out for having weakness in the area of Basic Human Needs, including Latin American countries such as Honduras, Nicaragua, and Venezuela, as well as relatively prosperous African nations such as South Africa. Personal Safety is the lowest scoring component of Basic Human Needs for these countries. Venezuela and South Africa score far below the tier average for this component.
Other groups of countries have weaknesses concentrated in Foundations of Wellbeing or Opportunity. Uzbekistan, for example, has a major weakness in Foundations of Wellbeing, while Iran and Egypt have their greatest weakness in Opportunity. These reflect wider regional patterns, specifically the Middle East and North Africa where Opportunity scores reflect challenges in Personal Rights.
Low Social Progress Countries
The fifth tier of 27 countries ranges from Cambodia (99th, 53.96) to Nigeria (125th, 43.31) and includes many Sub-Saharan African countries. GDP per capita in this group is quite low, all below $6,500, with the exception of Iraq, which has a much higher GDP per capita. The average dimension scores for this tier are: Basic Human Needs is 50.03, Foundations of Wellbeing is 58.01, and Opportunity is 38.35. It is notable that it is only in this tier and the Very Low Social Progress tier that average Basic Human Needs scores are lower than Foundations of Wellbeing. This suggests that countries in these bottom two tiers have, on average, not yet achieved the level of economic resources to make significant advances in Basic Human Needs.
This group is led by a tightly clustered group of Asian countries: Cambodia (53.96), Bangladesh (53.39), and India (53.06). Cambodia performs best on the Foundations of Wellbeing dimension while India's highest score is in Basic Human Needs. Foundations of Wellbeing, India's second highest component, shows strong performance in Access to Basic Knowledge. Bangladesh scores best in Foundations of Wellbeing, with Basic Human Needs a very close second driven by strong performance in Nutrition and Basic Medical Care. Pakistan is the poorest performing Asian country in this group with an overall score of 45.66.
Among the low social progress countries, there are large deviations in scores across the three dimensions, especially among the Sub-Saharan African countries. Djibouti, for example, scores more than 10 points higher than the others in the region on Basic Human Needs (64.18). However, it is the weakest performer on Foundations of Wellbeing (44.02). This incongruence is driven by weak scores in Access to Basic Knowledge, Ecosystem Sustainability, and Access to Information and Communications. Within this group, Rwanda scores relatively strong but has a mixed picture at the dimension and component level, with low scores on Access to Information and Communications and Personal Rights. Nigeria, the bottom country in this group, reveals similarly large contrasts between dimensions. It is one of the weakest performers in Basic Human Needs (39.04) ranking 130th, but performs much better (100th) on Foundations of Wellbeing (61.51).
Iraq's social progress score is sharply reduced due the ongoing conflict that is causing poor performance on the Personal Safety component and the entire Opportunity dimension (26.67).
The countries in this group face serious development challenges in multiple areas. The Social Progress Index can be used to identify those areas where countries show the greatest need, as well as to identify possible models for success.
Very Low Social Progress
A group of eight countries registers the lowest levels of social progress, from Ethiopia (41.04) to the Central African Republic (31.42), and represents a material step down in social progress from low social progress countries. The average dimension scores for this tier are: Basic Human Needs is 38.46, Foundations of Wellbeing is 48.55, and Opportunity is 26.05.
Of the final eight countries, the top five countries cluster together: Ethiopia, Niger, Yemen, Angola, and Guinea ranging from 41.04 to 39.60 points. Each country performs best on Foundations of Wellbeing, but scores very low on the Opportunity dimension. This group is followed by Afghanistan after more than a four point drop in Index score to 35.40.
The Social Progress Index provides evidence that very low social progress cannot be attributed to extreme poverty alone. Only half of these countries are also among the poorest eight countries. Many other poor countries are able to achieve significantly higher levels of social progress. In this bottom tier, Angola and Yemen are both classified by the World Bank as middle income countries, but social progress has suffered in the past due to conflict.
Figure 2.3: Social Progress Index results by tiers
Further insight into the drivers of social progress can be gained by examining regional and other commonly used groupings of countries. Figure 2.4 charts average Social Progress Index scores for eight broad regional groupings. Europe, North America, and Oceania (Australia and New Zealand) are the best performing regions on overall social progress. Sub-Saharan Africa and Central and South Asia are the worst performing regions. By highlighting key similarities and distinctive patterns within and among regions, it is possible to get a closer understanding of how social progress is realized (or not) across the world.
Figure 2.4 / Social Progress Index results by region
Fifteen of the top 20 countries on the Social Progress Index are European. Norway (1st), Sweden (2nd), Switzerland (3rd), and Iceland (4th) lead the region and world. The Nordic countries, culturally progressive with strong social safety nets, are the highest performing area within Europe, with all countries scoring among the top 10 countries in the Index and leading the world in nearly every component. The bottom seven countries in the broad region are all former Soviet Union states: Azerbaijan (76th), Russia (71st), Moldova (70th), Belarus (66th), Ukraine (62nd), Armenia (61st), and Georgia (60th). Luxembourg and Malta do not have sufficient data for an overall Social Progress Index score, but do have scores for many components.
If the 28 countries of the European Union were one country , they would score 80.78 and would rank 22nd, just below France and just above the Czech Republic The EU-15 countries that preceded the post-2000 enlargement would rank 18th with a score of 82.21, while the new 13 countries as a group would score only 75.33 and rank 32nd in the world. There is generally strong consistency in the scoring and trends within the groups of 15 and 13, but there are also some significant divergences.
Slovenia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Slovakia, and Poland all record higher Social Progress Index scores than Italy (31st). Slovenia (19th) outperforms Spain (20th) and France (21st). Greece, an EU-15 country, performs more like an EU-13 country. This weak performance is not explained by the current economic crisis in Greece, as we discuss further in Chapter 4.
All countries in the European Union and EFTA outperform non-EU European countries with the exception of Romania, which trails Serbia and Montenegro. Better EU performance is especially notable in Personal Rights, Personal Freedom and Choice, and Tolerance and Inclusion, which are important issues that countries acceding to the EU need to address. Newer members of the EU such as Romania and Bulgaria lag significantly behind their EU peers.
The UK stands out in Europe with a high score on the Opportunity dimension, particularly in the area of Personal Rights and Access to Advanced Education. Italy, on the other hand, performs relatively poorly on Opportunity with low scores on Personal Freedom and Choice and Access to Advanced Education. Italy also ranks lowest among European Union countries on Personal Safety. France and Germany score much better on Basic Human Needs and Foundations of Wellbeing than Opportunity. Both are brought down by Tolerance and Inclusion. Spain outperforms most large EU countries in Tolerance and Inclusion, but performs particularly poorly in Ecosystem Sustainability.
The Social Progress Index data reveals clearly the diverging fortunes of the European countries that made up the former Soviet Union. Estonia (23rd) is the best performer of this group. Latvia (33rd) and Lithuania (35th) are further behind but have still achieved a level of social progress close to that of Greece and well ahead of Russia (71st). These differences in social progress performance cannot be explained by economic development alone. Russia's social progress lags behind Georgia, Armenia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova, despite Russia's significantly higher GDP per capita. In part these differences reflect different starting positions – not all Soviet Republics had a similar level of development – but the data suggests that these countries have been on very different social progress trajectories over the last 20 years, with the Baltic republics that acceded to the EU doing the best.
The former communist countries of this region score well on Access to Basic Knowledge and Access to Advanced Education. However, they show particularly poor performance in Opportunity, especially Russia, Belarus, and Azerbaijan. One of the most striking findings in the Social Progress Index data is the poor performance of all the former communist countries on Health and Wellness, particularly former Soviet Republics. Even the former communist countries of the European Union score far below the rest of the EU on Health and Wellness. The legacy of communism in terms of unhealthy lifestyles and poor environmental performance has been difficult to reverse.
Turkey outperforms most former communist (EU and non-EU) on Health and Wellness, but lags on Personal Safety, Access to Information and Communications, and the Opportunity dimension.
Figure 2.5 Social Progress in Europe
North America (United States and Canada)
The North American region comprises just two countries, the United States and Canada (Mexico is included in Latin America and the Caribbean). Canada ranks sixth in the world on the Social Progress Index, while the United States ranks just 16th. Canada outperforms the United States across the three dimensions of the Index, although the U.S. ranks first in the world on the Access to Advanced Education component.
The two countries have generally similar scores and both register their lowest scores in Health and Wellness and Ecosystem Sustainability, but the U.S. trails Canada substantially in Personal Safety, Tolerance and Inclusion, and Health and Wellness.
Oceania (New Zealand and Australia) is the single highest performing region in terms of social progress (there is no overall Social Progress Index score for Papua New Guinea) with New Zealand ranked 5th and Australia ranked 10th.
New Zealand is particularly strong in the Opportunity components of Personal Rights, Personal Freedom and Choice, and Tolerance and Inclusion. Australia has generally strong performance, with a slight weakness in Ecosystem Sustainability. Papua New Guinea, which has data for only nine out of the twelve components, has low a particularly low score in Water and Sanitation.
Latin America & the Caribbean
The best performing countries in Latin America on the Social Progress Index are Uruguay (24th), Chile (26th), and Costa Rica (28th); the worst performing are Guyana (87th), Cuba (84th), and Honduras (82nd). Belize, Haiti, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago only have sufficient data coverage to calculate some of the Social Progress Index components. Overall, South America significantly outperforms Central America, and both outperform the Caribbean.
While each Latin American country has its own strengths and weaknesses, it is interesting to note that Latin American countries as a group tend to have relatively balanced social progress portfolios compared to other regions. At least in part, this balance reflects some common investments across Latin America in social progress. Government and civil society have worked to largely eradicate extreme hunger or homelessness, and provide access to primary and secondary education. And, relative to many other areas of the world, there has been a significant shift towards choices enhancing Opportunity, including a commitment to personal rights as well as broad tolerance.
Despite this, Latin American countries on the whole lag with Personal Safety and Access to Advanced Education compared to other regions, with Venezuela having the lowest score in Personal Safety and Haiti the lowest score in Access to Advanced Education.
Uruguay, Chile, and Costa Rica stand out with particularly strong scores in the Opportunity dimension. Uruguay, Chile, and Costa Rica are among the top countries in the world, with Jamaica and Brazil also ranking very high. Cuba, on the other hand, ranks lowest in the world on Personal Rights. Venezuela is the next lowest in Personal Rights in the region.
Long-term development problems, chronic instability and the devastating earthquake have led Haiti to be an extreme outlier in Basic Human Needs in the region, scoring nearly 30 points below the next lowest country, the Dominican Republic. Globally, Haiti ranks above only Sierra Leone, Chad, and Central African Republic in this dimension.
After decades of isolation, Cuba unsurprisingly scores very low on Access to Information and Communications, ranking not only lowest in the region but above only Djibouti globally. At the same time, it achieves high scores in the Basic Human Needs dimension, ranking first in the region in Personal Safety, second in Nutrition and Basic Medical Care, and second in Access to Basic Knowledge.
East Asia & Pacific
The East Asia & Pacific region spans a large geography and includes countries of vastly different size, economic development, institutional development, and political organization. Accordingly, it displays an especially wide variation in social progress, with high performing Japan (15th) and South Korea (29th) to low performing Myanmar (119th), Laos (102nd), and Cambodia (99th). Singapore, Timor-Leste, and Vietnam do not have sufficient data to calculate an overall Social Progress Index score.
The one component that shows similarity across the region is Health and Wellness, where East Asia and the Pacific scores high compared to other regions. Japan has the longest life expectancy globally, although Singapore leads on the Health and Wellness component overall in the region. Vietnam and Japan also perform well in the component. China, Myanmar, and Laos trail the rest of the region.
Performance is most varied in the Personal Rights component, with Japan scoring very high, twenty points above the next country in the region, Timor-Leste. On the other extreme, restrictive political systems place China, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Laos near the bottom of all countries globally. Relatedly, Myanmar and Laos also significantly lag the rest of the region in Access to Information and Communications.
There is also wide variation in the Tolerance and Inclusion component, though no countries in the region score high in this component. Singapore leads the region. Myanmar, Indonesia, and China register the lowest scores.
Central & South Asia
Central and South Asia trails all regions but Sub-Saharan Africa in terms of overall Index performance. The top performers for the region are Mongolia (81st), Kazakhstan (83rd), and Sri Lanka (88th). The worst performance belongs to Afghanistan (131st) followed by Pakistan (122nd). Bhutan and Turkmenistan have partial data only.
There is a large divergence between South Asia and the former Soviet republics of Central Asia. Central Asia still sees the benefits from investments made during the Soviet era and performs especially well in the area of Access to Basic Knowledge, with average scores at the level of non-EU European countries. Perhaps also as a result of the Soviet legacy, these countries perform very poorly on Health and Wellness, Ecosystem Sustainability, and Personal Rights. Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, in particular, score very low on Personal Rights. Rapid economic growth in Kazakhstan has not yet caused it to significantly outstrip its Central Asian peers on social progress. Kazakhstan scores 61.38 on the Index, a close second to Mongolia, but has a higher GDP per capita by $13,000. South Asia lags in Shelter, Tolerance and Inclusion, and Access to Advanced Education.
Bhutan, a pioneer in GDP alternative measures with its Gross National Happiness measure first introduced in 1972, has data for only 10 of the 12 components. As a Buddhist country with restricted tourism, it is unsurprisingly that Bhutan leads the region by a large margin in Personal Safety and Ecosystem Sustainability. Mongolia stands out as a positive outlier in the Opportunity dimension, particularly in the Personal Rights component.
Taliban rule followed by ongoing conflict in Afghanistan has significantly stunted social progress and as a result Afghanistan trails the other countries of the region by a large margin in the components of Basic Human Needs and ranks lowest in the region in the Foundations of Wellbeing and Opportunity dimensions as well.
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa scores the lowest of all the regions on average Social Progress Index score. The top performing Sub-Saharan African countries are Mauritius (36th), South Africa (63rd), and Botswana (65th). The Central African Republic (133rd) and Chad (132nd) register the lowest scores among all countries in the Index. Data availability is especially poor in Sub-Saharan Africa so 11 countries have scores in only some of the Social Progress Index components: Burundi, Cape Verde, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, Sudan, and Zimbabwe.
The region as a whole scores highest on Nutrition and Basic Medical Care, Access to Basic Knowledge, and Health and Wellness. The third, Health and Wellness, captures health weaknesses that are more prevalent in developed countries so it is not surprising that this region fares well, with the notable exception of South Africa. All sub-regions of Africa trail far behind the rest of the world in Nutrition and Basic Medical Care, Water and Sanitation, and Shelter.
The strongest performers on nearly every component are located off the continent. The small island nations of Mauritius and Cape Verde have the highest levels of social progress in the region. Mauritius is the leader on all four components of the Basic Human Needs dimension, often by a very large margin. Cape Verde is the top country on Access to Information and Communications and Health and Wellness and leads all other countries in the region on Personal Rights scoring more than 15 points above the next country, Ghana.
Progress in Nutrition and Basic Medical Care has lagged severely in the Central African Republic, Sierra Leone, and Chad, which score well below the next worst country Zambia. Zambia, in turn, scores substantially below the rest of the countries in the region. Ghana shows strong performance in Nutrition and Basic Medical Care and Personal Rights.
South Africa is the second best performer in this region, with an Index score of 65.64, and a leading score in Access to Information and Communications. Kenya is the 8th ranked country in this region. The country has significant challenges in meeting Basic Human Needs (46.48), but performs well in the Health and Wellness (72.20) and Ecosystem Sustainability (62.86) components.
Nigeria struggles across all aspects of the Social Progress Index, with an overall score of 43.31, ranking 125th. The country faces particularly significant challenges in Water and Sanitation, Personal Safety, and Tolerance and Inclusion. The last two components directly reflect the current crisis with the increase of attacks by Boko Haram in the northern region on Nigeria.
Ebola ravaged West Africa this past year, and continues to threaten the region though its spread has slowed significantly. The pattern that is most prominent in the three countries that have suffered most from Ebola (Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone) compared to other countries which were able to contain outbreaks, are low scores on Shelter, Access to Basic Knowledge, and Access to Information and Communications. Challenges in these areas can directly affect efforts of health officials to isolate those with the illness and hamper the spread of information on preventing infection, as well as signaling a general lack of infrastructure.
Middle East & North Africa
The top performers in social progress in the Middle East and North Africa are the United Arab Emirates (39th), Israel (40th) and Kuwait (47th). The lowest scores are for Yemen (128th) and Iraq (113th). Bahrain, Libya, Oman, Qatar, and Syria have sufficient data for only some of the components.
The Middle East & North Africa region includes both oil-rich countries and conflict-affected countries. Both groups fare poorly on the Social Progress Index, particularly the Opportunity dimension, compared to other regions.
Nutrition and Basic Medical Care is the region's top component and it ranks higher than Latin America. The region ranks lowest in the world on Personal Rights, Tolerance and Inclusion, and Ecosystem Sustainability.
The North African countries tend to perform similarly, with the exception of Morocco, which trails significantly behind the other countries on Water and Sanitation, Access to Basic Knowledge, and Access to Advanced Education. Libya scores substantially below the group on Shelter, Personal Safety, and especially Ecosystem Sustainability. The greatest variation is in the Personal Rights component. While no countries in the region score well on this component, Tunisia, the highest ranking country, scores substantially better than Libya, the worst.
The Middle Eastern countries show slightly more variation, with Yemen at the bottom in nearly every component. Qatar stands out with a Personal Safety score well above other countries in the highly volatile region. Israel far exceeds the other countries in the region on Access to Advanced Education.
The BRICS countries are not a regional grouping, but are often viewed as an important country group. While the BRICS are generally seen as countries with significant economic growth potential, social progress performance is mixed at best. Three of the five BRICS countries are in the lower middle social progress group, including South Africa at 63rd, Russia at 71st, and China at 92nd. Russia has a much higher GDP per capita than Brazil (42nd) and South Africa (63rd) yet ranks lower on the Social Progress Index (71st). Brazil outperforms the BRICS on social progress with an upper middle social progress ranking 42nd. India falls low Social Progress group with a score of 53.06 (101st).
Brazil and South Africa are strong on Opportunity, but perform poorly on Personal Safety. Russia performs poorly on nearly every component with the exception of Access of Advanced Education, on which it ranks second in the world. China scores lowest on the Opportunity dimension. China and Russia have very low scores in Personal Rights. India has low scores common to lower-middle income countries, but shows particular weakness in Health and Wellness and Tolerance and Inclusion.
Trends in Social Progress
Measuring social progress over time is a top priority of the Social Progress Index. In order to compare 2015 results to 2014 results, we created a restated 2014 index, which incorporates minor methodological revisions and restated data from sources. Much like GDP or the Human Development Index, the Social Progress Index will continue to be updated over time and as new data becomes available or data is retroactively changed by the source we will restate our past indexes in order to provide the best measurement possible with a comparable history. Appendix X displays the 2015 and 2014 restated index scores for the 133 countries with complete data.
The key finding from comparing the two indices is that the broad patterns are consistent, showing robustness in the methodology. However, we caution against putting too much stock in year-to-year Index comparison. While some data in the Index changes from year to year, many indicators are updated less frequently. Therefore, a two-year comparison will show only small changes and there is a risk of noise in a single year change measurement. Trends in progress will become clearer as more time-series data is added.
The Social Progress Index, based exclusively on indicators of social and environmental outcomes, offers a revealing picture of countries' levels of development that is independent of traditional economic measures. It shows that countries experience widely differing patterns of social progress and huge differences in social progress achieved by dimensions and components.
Countries at all levels of development can use this data to assess their performance and set priorities for improvement. Most countries will be able to identify specific areas of relative strength, and these are social progress foundations upon which they can build. At the same time, every country exhibits areas of relative and absolute weakness, and identifying these are areas for prioritization and investment. At the same time, setting a social progress agenda will depend on, among other factors, the level of resources available in an economy, and the relationship between Social Progress Index and traditional measures of economic development. In general terms, the Index reveals that richer countries tend to achieve higher social progress than poorer countries. Yet our discussion of individual countries and regions also suggests that this relationship is neither simple nor linear. We therefore explore this issue in depth in the next chapter.


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University of Oklahoma and Oklahoma State University officials concerned about doctor shortage in state
Oklahoma is facing a shortage of doctors, and University of Oklahoma and Oklahoma State University officials say things only will get worse unless steps are taken to address the problem.
Citing an aging physician workforce and a growing pool of Medicaid patients, officials from the OU School of Community Medicine and the OSU Center for Health Sciences say the state needs to ramp up efforts to recruit and train more doctors to meet the needs of underserved areas, particularly in rural Oklahoma.
A New England Journal of Medicine article ranks Oklahoma as the state that faces the most challenges in meeting medical needs. That ranking is based on the ratio of Medicaid expansion to primary care capacity.
Rising Medicaid need
According to the article, Oklahoma is expected to see a large expansion in the Medicaid population as the federal health care law takes effect. But Oklahoma doesn't have the primary care capacity to deal with those newly insured patients. Without outside efforts, the demand for medical care could outstrip the supply of providers in the state.
Oklahoma's health is already poor, said Gerry Clancy, president of OU-Tulsa and dean of the School of Community Medicine. As the increasing demand for care continues to put pressure on doctors, the state's overall health will continue to deteriorate, he said, particularly in areas with few or no doctors.
Residents in those underserved areas could see shorter life expectancies, Clancy said. Those residents also tend to delay seeking medical attention, he said, meaning they eventually wind up in emergency rooms. As a result, emergency rooms fill up, making it more difficult for trauma patients — such as patients who have been in a car accident — to get care quickly, he said.
A new health ranking appears to bear that warning out. America's Health Rankings for 2011 place Oklahoma at No. 48, two spots lower than the previous year's rankings. Only Mississippi and Louisiana fell behind Oklahoma in the rankings, which are released annually by the United Health Foundation.
The rankings cite a high prevalence of smoking and obesity, limited availability of primary care doctors and low use of prenatal care for the low ranking.
What's being done
Officials from both universities spoke to the Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education last week about efforts to put more doctors in rural Oklahoma.
Clancy, along with OU President David Boren, told the board they're working to expand the Tulsa-based School of Community Medicine and build a partnership with the University of Tulsa. OU-Tulsa's physician's assistant program has collaborated with TU since 2009, Clancy said, and expanding that partnership to include the School of Community Medicine could be good for both parties.
TU brings a number of assets to the partnership, Clancy said, including established basic science programs that OU doesn't offer in Tulsa. The university also brings high-
OU officials began planning the School of Community Medicine in 2007, Clancy said, and began working with TU on the expansion in 2009. The school is different than the Oklahoma City-based OU Health Sciences Center in that the Tulsa school focuses specifically on meeting the needs of underserved populations and rethinking the way the health care system works.
One of the ways the system is changing is through the use of medical informatics, or computer software used to enhance care. Recently, Clancy said, a professor developed a program that uses secure Web connections to allow primary care doctors to reach specialists for consultations. The specialist may then simply answer a question or ask to see the patient in person.
Much of the time, Clancy said, doctors are finding that they avoid referring patients to specialists simply by talking to the specialist beforehand. That helps alleviate the strain on specialists, who tend to be in high demand, Clancy said.
Seeking funding
During the meeting, Boren and Clancy asked the board to consider budgeting $500,000 annually for the school. In years past, the board has appropriated funding for the school on a one-time basis.
Boren said he had already met with foundations interested in making donations for the school's endowment. Private donations will make up the largest portion of the funding for the school, Boren said, but donors typically want some sign of commitment from the state before making a donation. Adding an annual allocation of $500,000 to the state regents' funding formula would signal such a commitment, he said.
Ben Hardcastle, a spokesman for the state regents, said the board will vote on all funding decisions in May, after the state budget appropriation process is completed.
Like their counterparts at OU, officials at OSU are looking for ways to train doctors to go to underserved areas across the state. Howard Barnett, president of OSU-Tulsa and the OSU Center for Health Sciences, said the university hopes to establish a pipeline for placing doctors in rural Oklahoma.
That idea is in keeping with the center's main mission, he said — the center's College of Osteopathic Medicine was founded in 1972 with the express purpose of sending primary care doctors to rural and underserved parts of Oklahoma.
Reaching teens
That pipeline starts early, when the students are in high school, Barnett said. The center is trying to reach out to students at high schools in rural areas in the hope that some of those students might consider a career in medicine.
One of the challenges the school faces is that students who graduate from urban and suburban high schools are less likely to be interested in practicing medicine in rural areas, while bright students from rural areas who might otherwise consider medical school tend to be more interested in veterinary medicine, he said. That could be in part because there are fewer doctors in rural areas who might serve as mentors when the students are younger, he said.
"We need them to think about being a doctor, too," he said.
The school is also working with OSU's College of Agriculture and College of Arts and Sciences to create a kind of accelerated track for undergrads to start medical school. Students could get early acceptance to medical school after their sophomore year, provided they keep their grades up and perform well enough on the Medical College Admission Test, or MCAT, Barnett said, and they could begin taking courses in Tulsa as early as their junior year.
The college would also like to create programs at small, regional universities around the state, such as Southeastern Oklahoma State University in Durant, that would feed students into the college, Barnett said.
Rural doctoring
Once students are in medical school, he said, the college hopes to have them do as much of their work as possible in rural areas. It's important that they get an idea of what it means to be a doctor in rural Oklahoma, he said, which has a culture that is vastly different than that of urban areas like Oklahoma City and Tulsa.
"House calls still happen in rural Oklahoma," he said. "Patients drop by your house in rural Oklahoma."
Once the student is recruited, finished with undergraduate work and into medical school, Barnett said, the school faces yet another problem — there aren't as many residency positions in Oklahoma hospitals as there are students competing for them, so many Oklahoma medical students end up doing residencies in nearby states.
Because most doctors end up settling in towns near where they did their residencies, Barnett said, that means Oklahoma is training young doctors, only to send them to work in other states.
"We are already a donor state, if you will," he said.
This year, the college is increasing its class size from 96 students to 115. They hope to have their class size at 190 by 2016. The college is in the process of seeking funding from the Oklahoma Legislature for residency positions at hospitals in rural areas across the state. As class sizes at the university grow, it will become even more important to give those students the chance to complete their residencies and, ultimately, stay and practice medicine in Oklahoma.
"We don't want to graduate doctors just to go to other states," he said. "We want to graduate doctors to go to Oklahoma."


text:
I bought a pair of specialized carbon comp mtb shoes this weekend and used them for the century that I did. It's amazing, the amount of stiffness and power it allows me to get to the wheels, especially up hills, compared to my specialized sonoma's.
The only thing I didn't like was that they didn't have the higher end one which was only $30 more that had this click ratchet system to tighten the shoe while you're riding.
How long do you usually wear your shoes for? I've had my sonoma's for about a year and I feel guilty retiring them.


text:
ances for the school-room, variety of musical
instruments, etc., is the largest in the South.
Number of pupils enrolled during 1891,
164. The average cost per capita of feeding
them was about $5.30 per month.
Number of officers and teachers, 19; number
of employes, 14.
Value of buildings and grounds, $115,000;
value of scientific apparatus, $1,250; value of
school and musical apparatus, $7,000; total,
The State Deaf and Dumb Asylum is situated
at the State capital, on a commanding
height south of the Colorado river, and is
justly regarded as one of the most beautiful
and healthful locations in the city.
During the session of 1891, 233 pupils were
enrolled up to October 31, and 195 were in
actual attendance.
The health of the institution has not been
good, three deaths having occurred during
the year from la grippe, dysentery and dropsy
of the heart.
The total expense of maintaining the institution
from March 1, 1891, to November 1,
1891, was $75,816, which includes $30,000
for additional story and repairs. This
includes all ordinary expenses, such as board,
fuel, light, medicine, salaries of officers, teachers
and employes, and so much of clothing
and transportation as was paid by the State.
There are fourteen officers and teachers,
five experts and twelve employes connected
with the institution.
It is the purpose of the State in establishing
such institutions to give the students a
practical education, and as far as possible
rescue this unfortunate class from helplessness
and dependence. In addition, therefore,
to the instruction usual in such schools, a
printing office, book bindery and shoe shop
have been established for the purpose of teaching
those trades to such of the pupils as have
the ability and inclination to learn them.
Skilled workmen, experts in their business,
are in charge of each of these departments,
and the progress made by the students under
them has thus far been very encouraging.
An art department was inaugurated October
5, 1887, and is now one of the most interesting
and attractive features of the school.
Some of the pupils acquired such skill in
crayon work before the end of the session that
they were offered profitable employment at
work of that kind during vacation.
The conditions of admission to the institution
are few and simple. The age at which
pupils are received and the length of time
they are kept are matters left to the discretion
of the superintendent. Persons not
susceptible of receiving instruction will not
be received at all. Parents are required to
furnish transportation, if able to do so; otherwise
it will be provided by the State.
The school opens the first Wednesday in
September and closes the first Wednesday in
June of each year.
Pupils are required to return to their
homes during vacation to give opportunity to
renovate and repair the buildings.
Value of buildings and grounds, $125,000;
value of library, $500; total, $125,500.
The Deaf and Dumb and Blind Asylum
for colored youth was established by an act
of the Twentieth Legislature, which provided
for the appointment of a board to select a
site near the city of Austin, and appropriated
Lewis Publishing Company, publisher. History of Texas, together with a biographical history of Milam, Williamson, Bastrop, Travis, Lee and Burleson counties : containing a concise history of the state, with portraits and biographies of prominent citizens of the above named counties, and personal histories of many of the early settlers and leading families. Chicago. The Portal to Texas History. http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth29785/. Accessed May 31, 2016.


text:
OPD releases photo in theft case
Published: Wednesday, April 11, 2012 at 4:29 p.m.
Last Modified: Wednesday, April 11, 2012 at 4:29 p.m.
OCALA - Property crimes detectives have released a picture of man believed was stealing vehicle parts from a business.
On Monday, the owner of Skip Townsend Electric told detectives someone had stolen the rear end of a 2000 Chevy Z-71 from the compound. The part was described as scrap metal. In March, too, he said, piece of scrap metal had been stolen.
Detective Shawn Hardman said he received a photograph of the theft reported Monday. Hardman would not say how he obtained the photo, which he released on Wednesday.
Anyone who knows the man in the picture can call Harman at 368-5407, Crime Line at 369-7061 or Crime Stoppers at 368-STOP, or visit www.ocalacrimestoppers.com.
- Austin L. Miller
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


text:
Hello to all,
I recently started learning c++ language. I have to represent a tic-tac-toe board using 3 x 3 array of char. I tried following code, but it is not working.
I don't know what is wrong in that. I got problem in representing 3 x 3 array of char. Please help me to fix this problem.Code:if ((boards[0][0] == boards[0][1]) && (boards[0][1] == boards[0][2])) { ... }
Thank you.


text:
Use Capsule to keep track of the people and companies you do business with, communications with them, opportunities in the pipeline, and what needs to be done when.
Get started in 60 seconds. Take a quick tour
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Create tasks and share with co-workers. don't miss that proposal deadline or customer call.
Customize Capsule by adding the data fields you need. brand it with your colors and logo.
Use Capsule on your iPhone or
Capsule integrates with other popular web applications such as Google Apps and moreSee Add-ons & Integrations
Recent news and feedback
We've made several small but useful updates to Capsule to make it easy for you to share and use links and reduce file congestion.
Introducing 2FA and other security features
Improved Social Search
Recent updates to Capsule
Capsule is a service of Zestia Ltd which is a company registered in England with company number 06418281. © 2016 Zestia Ltd. All Rights Reserved.


text:
- Makes packing Easy!
- Good purchase
- Love It!
- Worth the price
- Love!!
- Useful Product
- Unique
- Great packing tool
- Great bag!
- It's all I talk about
- Best Travel accessory
- a must
- Love it!
- Great!
- Perfect for the OVER-PACKER
- the best "bag in bag"
- Great
- Fabulous!
- Great system!
- Never leave home without it!
- The best thing ever!
- Remarkably Travel Companion!
- I love it!
Get rid of those awful plastic spacesaver bags. The Spacepak does a really great job. You can pack enough clothing for at least 7 or 8 days. I've gone to Europe for 10 days and it worked perfectly. (Posted on 8/18/2015)
Love these pack-it products. Really make a difference in what you can fit in your suitcase.
Only wish each size came in all colors. Would love to have a large orange! (Posted on 6/21/2015)
Only wish each size came in all colors. Would love to have a large orange! (Posted on 6/21/2015)
So far I have used it for a week long trip, 4 days business, 3 days vacation, 6 flights. With the cube I was able to bring quite a bit more clothes and loved how everything stayed organized throughout the trip. Suitcase was always ready to zip up & move on to next place. (Posted on 5/11/2015)
Well constructed, packed clothes for myself and my two sons for 1 week without difficulty. (Posted on 3/6/2015)
Love this product. Opens up so much space when I am packing. Since I travel a bunch this is a great way to save space, so I can now shop till my hearts content. (Posted on 1/21/2015)
The product itself is great. I was able to pack 2 heavy sweatshirts, 3 jeans, and 2 dress pants. However, when I purchased it at 20% off, the item went on sale further the following Monday for 40% off. I wish I can get a price adjustment for it or waited until then to make the purchase. (Posted on 12/24/2014)
Very well built, holds a lot of clothing inside. The zippers that close the pack are sturdy and well made. To be honest, I wasn't expecting such good quality...really impressed. It is expensive but I can see myself using this for a long long time! (Posted on 12/24/2014)
Perfect size for a week trip to the beach. The pack helps you limit overpacking and has a separate side for dirty clothes. I think the price is reasonable if you can get it on sale. The pack comes in a bag, which I don't understand, but I love the pack. (Posted on 12/23/2014)
Love this bag for organizing and packing (Posted on 12/17/2014)
I work remote and have to travel across the country to the main office once a month for a week at a time. This has made my life so much easier that I tell everyone about it. I couldn't be happier with my purchase. (Posted on 11/10/2014)
I ordered 2 more to give to family because mine was so amazing. This product is truly heaven sent. (Posted on 8/25/2014)
We actually have five of these bags, one per member of the family (even our baby has one). It's a must to stay organized when travelling. The kids love packing up their clothes into their own space bags and when we get to the hotel, they can keep their own things organized. We've taken both short and long trip (2 weeks) with these and everything fits nicely. It's so awesome. (Posted on 5/26/2014)
So glad I found out about these products. The bag(s) organize all my stuff and I have eliminated all ,messiness of my carry-on bag after a few days on the road. (Posted on 4/30/2014)
Product is great! Keeps my pack very organized, good size, and great build quality. Only issues is I found the advertised garment quantity a little generous. You probably will be able to fit most of it in but prepare to really stretch the spacepack. (Posted on 4/4/2014)
I am notorious for over packing when I travel. Trying to determine what I am going to be in the mood to wear 7, 4, or even 2 days later can sometimes be daunting. I like options which typically leads to me stuffing way more clothes than I actually need in my suitcase and then trying to fit everything else I need in there. Not to mention I usually carry my suitcase on the flight. So, I thought I would give this a try and see if it helped. I was amazed that I could fit all the things I would normally take in such a small space. I had way more room in my suitcase, in fact I didn't even fill it, which was a first. This is perfect if you're like me and over pack for trips or if you need to take a few weeks worth of clothes in a small space. I highly recommend this to anyone looking for more room in their bag or maybe even wanting to downsize. (Posted on 3/20/2014)
This has made carry on bags fabulous (Posted on 1/16/2014)
works great in the carry on...now i can have more shoes!! (Posted on 1/16/2014)
Just got back from the REI Thailand Family Adventure tour. 14 days, 9 hotels, temperatures from 40-90F. The form and size factors of this bag are perfect. Since we didn't anticipate having time for laundry, but did anticipate lots of dirty clothes, I packed each side with half of my pants, shirts and shorts. The first half of the trip, I wore all the clothes from one side. Half way through the trip, I opened the other side up for fresh clean clothes. The one-way rivet valves are genius!
I'm ordering the mini-toiletry, underwear and shoes bags now for Puerto Rico! (Posted on 1/10/2014)
I'm ordering the mini-toiletry, underwear and shoes bags now for Puerto Rico! (Posted on 1/10/2014)
Deceivingly efficient way of packing clothes. Luggage for my luggage, I love it! (Posted on 1/7/2014)
I love this system and now use it for all my travels. I used the Space Bags in my carry-on for a month-long trip to Central America. It was all I needed and I loved the freedom of traveling light and organized. Only way to go! (Posted on 8/16/2013)
I travel for a living and this and the other space bags are awesome. Keeps everything neat and organized. Looks can be deceiving but it holds more clothes than you think. The laundry side is genius. (Posted on 3/9/2013)
I bought this at the suggestion of the flight 001 salesperson; it is the best travel item I have! I used it for a week long trip to Seattle; I was able to pack everything I wanted and still get it all in the carry on! My husband is so jealous that I am going to buy him one for our trip to Paris in two weeks. (Posted on 12/10/2012)
This little gem of a product enabled me to travel with CARRY-ON only for a 7-day trip to Europe. In it I managed to cram: 2 jeans, 1 yogapant, 14 tee shirts and 3 silk blouses. And, with the DIRTY side, it was super easy to manage my duds amidst an almost daily repack. This product is a must-have! Oh, and my silk blouses weren't wrinkled...at all! LOVE LOVE LOVE. (Posted on 11/18/2012)
SPACE BAGS (Posted on 11/2/2012)
This is the best thing I have ever bought. I used it for week-long trip and it took all my clothes! I was able to take just a carry on but have plenty of things to wear. I am buying one for my husband, because he needs one too. (Posted on 10/29/2012)


text:
Magazine article Clinical Psychiatry News
Bioterrorism Funds Don't Cover States' Health Cuts. (Public Health Funding Down Overall)
Article excerpt
PHILADELPHIA -- Stepped-up federal funding for bioterrorism preparedness has yielded some beneficial effects at the state level, notably by helping health officials temper the impact of budget cuts, two state health officials said at the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association.
The new focus on bioterrorism comes at a time when state health budgets have been reduced in every state in the nation, said Dr. Georges C. Benjamin, then secretary of the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene.
"Overall, we are losing money in the public health budgets in the fifty states, despite the funds for terrorism preparedness," said Dr. Benjamin, who recently resigned his post in Maryland to become the new executive director of the APHA.
The widely publicized flow of dollars into bioterrorism preparedness has obscured the larger reality of budget cuts, he observed.
"With regard to bioterrorism and our national public health response, there is an impression that we are building a house on a solid foundation. However, the foundation is being pulled out from under the house," Dr. Benjamin said.
He cited Maryland as an example of the trade-offs that states face. "We have received and spent money to increase our epidemiology capacity and thus to identify and track diseases. However, at the same time, we had to freeze new hires and essentially cut our budget for food safety, which includes some of the same type of workers."
Cutbacks in food safety--often an early casualty of health budget reductions--may inadvertently weaken the ability of states and municipalities to deal with bioterrorism. …


text:
|There's more than one way to do things
Excel to csvby sroux (Acolyte)
|on Feb 22, 2012 at 20:29 UTC ( #955616=perlquestion: print w/ replies, xml )
|Need Help??
sroux has asked for the
wisdom of the Perl Monks concerning the following question:
Dear monks and apprentice monks, is there any easy way of converting xls files to csv format? Samples or useful CPAN modules appreciated! Many thanks for you interest.
Back to Seekers of Perl Wisdom


text:
Educational victory after 40 years
It had been a long, winding road marked by detours and conflict, but in 1974 the profession paused to reflect upon a milestone in its quest for legitimacy. That year the U.S. Office of Education (USOE) recognized the Council on Chiropractic Education-USA (CCE) was as the nation's accrediting agency for chiropractic education. This recognition not only lent more importance to the profession, it also allowed students to become eligible for federally guaranteed student loans.
The road to recognition included many turns:
• First educational standards in 1935. In 1935 the National Chiropractic Association (NCA) created a Committee on Education. This committee collaborated with the Council of State Chiropractic Examining Boards (COSCEB) — today's Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards — in devising educational standards and conducting preliminary site inspections of the schools.
• Efforts to upgrade chiropractic schools. In 1941 John Nugent, DC, president of COSCEB, resigned from his office to become the NCA's first director of education. Nugent led the effort to upgrade chiropractic schools from 1941 through 1959. Not everyone appreciated his efforts. Some saw his work as a capitulation to organized medicine.
B.J. Palmer, DC, branded Nugent as the "anti-Christ" of chiropractic, although others came to view his work as parallel to the efforts of Abraham Flexner, PhD, on behalf of medical education.
Nugent's efforts included the inspection and grading of the various institutions and consolidation of the numerous small, for-profit schools into larger, financially sounder, nonprofit colleges.
• Formation of forerunner of CCE. In 1947 Nugent organized the NCA's Council on Education (CoE), forerunner of today's independently chartered CCE.
• Federal recognition sought. As early as 1953, Nugent was in contact with the USOE to establish federal recognition for the CoE. The NCA's pursuit of this goal was set back, when in 1959 Nugent was retired by the national society's board of directors.
Stepping in to fill the leadership vacuum was George Haynes, DC, MS, administrative dean (CEO) since 1953 of the Los Angeles College of Chiropractic.
• CoE bolstered by new association. Heavily tuition-dependent for their operating budgets, the chiropractic colleges struggled throughout the 1960s to improve facilities and personnel in order to meet the standards of higher education. Their efforts were bolstered in 1964, when the NCA merged with a splinter group from the International Chiropractors' Association to form today's American Chiropractic Association (ACA).
The ACA committed 40 percent of members' dues to the campaign to improve the schools accredited by the ACA-CoE.
• 'Straight' accrediting organization formed. The May/June 1970 issue of the Chiropractic Economics reported the formation of the Association of Chiropractic Colleges (ACC — no relation to today's organization of the same name). Established by the presidents of leading straight chiropractic colleges (Drs. Carl Cleveland, Sr. and Carl Cleveland, Jr. of the Cleveland Chiropractic Colleges; William N. Coggins of Logan College; William D. Harper of Texas Chiropractic College; Ernest Napolitano of Columbia Institute of Chiropractic; and David D. Palmer of the Palmer College of Chiropractic), the ACC sought to establish an accrediting agency independent of either national membership society (ACA and ICA).
• Competition for recognition. The ACC hoped that its political independence from the feuding national membership societies would facilitate recognition from the USOE. During the next four years, the ACC and the CCE alternately competed for recognition and negotiated for a unified application to the federal government.
Although the ACC's combined enrollment represented three times as many students as those of colleges accredited by the CCE, the agency did not require two years of pre-professional (liberal arts) college coursework as an admissions criterion (as did the CCE), and at least one of its member institutions was still proprietary.
• CoE chartered as CCE. Meanwhile, the ACA's CoE was independently chartered as the CCE in 1971, and Haynes continued as the Council's president. The CCE offered seats on its governing board to both the ACA and the ICA, as well as to representatives of its constituent (accredited) colleges and the Federation of Chiropractic Licensing Boards (FCLB).
• Consolidation of organizations attempted. Despite the FCLB's efforts to negotiate a consolidation of the ACC and the CCE, this did not occur. Meanwhile, organized medicine worked behind the scenes with federal bureaucrats to block either agency's recognition by USOE.
• CCE recognized by USOE. Haynes collaborated with Orval Hidde, DC, JD, chair of the CCE's Commission on Accreditation, to prepare and present numerous reports to the USOE. In August 1974 the U.S. Commissioner of Education advised the CCE that the Council had received an initial designation for one year as the federally recognized accreditor of chiropractic schools, which rendered ACC's efforts moot. The CCE's status was renewed in 1975, by which time several of the ACC's former schools had made application to the CCE for inspection and accreditation.