text:
Butterflies are Free!
Enjoy the beauty of butterflies matched with inspirational thought! This is a perfect gift for young girls or any admirer of the illusive butterfly.
Buy Flowers With Wings – Volume 1 from the Kindle Store
Publishing What You Want to Read
Butterflies are Free!
Enjoy the beauty of butterflies matched with inspirational thought! This is a perfect gift for young girls or any admirer of the illusive butterfly.
Buy Flowers With Wings – Volume 1 from the Kindle Store
Mardesia C.
I recently was sent a copy of Weirder Than Marshmallows by Dan Fogg of NightFire Publications to read and review.
Before you break out the sticks and start the fires the Preface explains what the book is about: "But this book isn't about marshmallows, despite the ramblings above. This book is about stories. Stories that are, like marshmallows, strange, mind boggling, but somehow appealing to the public at large. Hard to explain, impossible to ignore."
From the moment I read the synopsis of this e-book, I knew that I had to read this book. There are people who are doing stupid and/or ignorant stuff and need to be ridiculed? Well then sign me up! My dear hubby has the nickname around our house of Sarcastro and I must admit that I could easily be Mrs. Sarcastro. What can I say, it's my super power?
The Mr. Fogg definitely raises some interesting questions/observations in his 5 essays about the things that people do and the curious warnings found on product packaging. Many times I found myself smiling and nodding as I read his words.
Buy Weirder Than Marshamallows from the Kindle Store
Leah S.
I was given the chance to review the book "Weirder than Marshmallows" by Dan Fogg. Put together with the help of Deborah Carney. The first thing that caught my eye about the book was the title!! Who doesn't love marshmallows??? Each of the stories in this book are witty, sarcastic and true!!
Beyond the front cover and title there is nothing in this book regarding marshmallows. But inside you will find five essays that will make you laugh out loud and wonder how can people really be that stupid?? It is not the type of book that is leaving you hanging wondering what is coming next, but it is the type of book that will leave you wanting more!
This is perfect book for bathroom reading. A friend who is kind of down would get a laugh out of this book! And lets face it, who doesn't love reading about someone else's stupidity?
Buy Weirder Than Marshamallows from the Kindle Store
Katie H.
I recently received the eBook Weirder Than Marshmallows by Dan Fogg from NightFire Publications to read and review. I really had no idea what to expect going in, but was pleasantly surprised at the well written and humorous take on things that Dan had.
The book itself is a compilation of essays and observations written by Dan Fogg that were compiled and edited by Deborah Carney. Dan's life was tragically cut short in 2002, but his legacy lives on among his friends and family, and hopefully through the publishing of this book, society will also hear and read the words of a man who spent most of his life confined to a wheel chair, but observed the world around him with the eyes of a cynic and comedian.
Dan shows an obvious sense of humor and heart of a comedian in his take on life and random things around us. From his thoughts regarding the unusual warning signs on products and places in our lives, to the stupid actions of society in general at times, he looks at things with a cynics heart and what I consider to be a much more honest view than most of what we read and hear. His take on peoples disabilities and how there is a tendency for "groups" to stick together and make themselves stand out more rather than being diverse and incorporating into society really hit home. It was refreshing to see someone who himself suffered a disability be honest about how it is taken advantage of and exaggerated. Yet, on the same token, not discounting or overlooking the disability itself.
Overall, I was very impressed with this eBook. The quality of writing is excellent. Both Dan in his creativity and honesty and Deborah in her editing skills managed to pull together a great book of humor and well, weirdness that I truly appreciated. This book is long enough to read a few pages a day, or short enough to read in one sitting. My only complaint or drawback has to do with the use of foul language in a few places. Although I understood the placement and get the reasons behind it, I still felt it was unnecessary to get the point across in the book. This brought the book down to a 4 star for me.
Weirder than Marshmallows is definitely a great eBook to grab as a gift for the comedian in your family or just what I would call a "coffee table" book for yourself. Something light and fun to read when you want to unwind or could use a few laughs.
Buy Weirder Than Marshamallows from the Kindle Store
Deborah H.
When I received this book to review, I was very excited because the title totally caught my attention, I love books that leave me thinking about those oddities of human behavior, those things we all do, but few of us would actually admit to, and if we do, we're just all the prouder because that is what makes us unique…
I laughed hysterically in the beginning. I found Mr. Fogg to be truly funny. He had a talent for writing up things, that were not just weird, they were genuinely kick me funny but not so much in a mean way.
As the book went on, I found less humor, and more of poignant side to Mr. Fogg's writing. I was touched by some of the stories he had to tell. Particularly those of being helped in New York as disabled person, but then thoroughly confused a while later as he talks of being lost and alone in the same city.
Over all, I felt that some of the stories could have benefited from a bit of order adjustment, because there were times I was left scratching my head in wonder of what the author was talking about. But don't let that deter you from buy this book because it is well written, and the author's knack for painting a picture in his short essays, and drawing you into his mind is above and beyond just mere imagination.
This book is a quick read, and worth the time for sure.
I give it a definite thumbs up!
Buy Weirder Than Marshamallows from the Kindle Store
Leslie R.
Weirder than Marshmallows is a book of essays by Dan Fogg. It was really enjoyable and pokes a little bit of fun at everyone. It's an easy read, which I like, and each essay is short. This is nice with a little one to chase around the house.
I like Fogg because he tackles serious ideas with humor and fun. Great read, and I was happy to receive a copy!!
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Kelly O.
This is the fifth book I have read as part of challenge no. 21 of my 52 things in 52 weeks challenge.
Bet you haven't ever really thought about what goes into marshmallows, have you?
I've only just started to get into chemistry as part of my uni, and a few of our experiments involved the modification of a colour of an item using various other chemicals. Reading this introduction from Dan literally made me stop for a bit, and wonder why blue 1 would be needed. Seriously…anyone know? Did anyone else ever actually stop and look at ingredients for any food item in particular, only to wonder why a particular ingredient was actually necessary?
The rest of the book is a collection of stories ranging from the ponderings of other everyday occurrences that we never stop to really think about, or the bizarre moments in life (being certain you were in a specific place at a particular time, and someone else who was there at that exact same time not ever seeing you). There's a lot in there that you'll find that you think "oh yeah – why is that?"
This was the first time I've used an e-book in my 52 in 52 challenge, but when an offer was made for me to receive the book for free in exchange for my honest opinion, I definitely wasn't going to turn that down! Reading an e-book was quite a different experience to be honest. I used my iPhone, and I definitely struggled as it came in a PDF format (on the iPhone you can't change PDF font sizes using iBooks). However, if you had a dedicated e-book reader with a larger screen (iPad, kindle etc) you wouldn't have the same problem. In addition, if it came in a format that was a bit more friendly to the iBooks app so that I could change the font size then it would be a lot better. There's a kindle version so I would expect this problem would be resolved using the Kindle app.
Overall the book was quite enjoyable to read, and I found with the portability of the iPhone I was able to read little bits here and there. It's not a book that will keep you gripped to your phone until you've finished it, but it's still great for those moments when you want something light-hearted that will give you a laugh here and there. There was also one moment in the book where I finished the chapter, sat back and realised how lucky I am. I won't give it all away, but the writer, Dan, lived his life in a wheelchair and shared a story of one of those moments where he completely relies on others for assistance. It truly made me feel blessed that I have every limb in my body, and my own problems seem greatly insignificant. Sometimes we all need a bit of a wakeup call so we can reevaluate our lives, and realise that most of our problems really are quite small in the grand scheme of things.
Buy Weirder Than Marshamallows from the Kindle Store
I love reviewing books! So I couldn't wait to print out Weirder Than Marshmallows make a cup of coffee and get lost in a book of what I thought would be about marshmallows. Boy was I wrong! The book is actually about everything but marshmallows except for the first page. Once I started reading it I couldn't put it down. I found my self bursting out laughing at parts, which led to odd looks from others in the room. The book being only a short 28 pages printed front and back ended far to soon. I found myself relating to some of the chapters and thinking to myself are people really that stupid? Laughed again and said to myself yes just look at today's television shows. This is a must read book for anyone who enjoys or needs a good laugh.
Buy Weirder Than Marshamallows from the Kindle Store
The products keep piling up, here at The Daily Serge, so expect a lot of reviews in the next few days! Today's is another book entitled Weirder than Marshmallows. As a compilation of short stories, Weirder than Marshmallows brings light the observations of Dan Fogg, who passed away in 2002 at 22 years old. What I enjoyed about reading these stories is that he speaks of the everyday truths we see all day. Heck, the first few chapters are about the idiocy of signs like 'Do Not Park On Railroad Tracks' or 'Harmful if Swallowed' while referring to gasoline…
There is pretty good humor sprinkled in, too. You wouldn't feel like you're reading a book, but rather listening to a friend while at Happy Hour after work. Each story is only a few paragraphs long, so he gets to the point, hits you with some humor, and leaves it open for your response…if this guy was at a party, everyone would want to sit near him to hear what he has to say next.
All around, I really enjoyed reading this. It is just long enough to be worth the read, but short enough so you're never let down. It is like Seinfeld: Finishes on top….and not like The Office, which reuses ideas and should have ended four seasons ago……
Therefore, I feel compelled to give Weirder than Marshmallows 5 out of 5 Thumbs Up!
Buy Weirder Than Marshamallows from the Kindle Store
Melissa T.
Who doesn't love marshmallows? You can toast them, make cute crafts and yummy treats with them. But now you can enjoy marshmallows in a different way. Read the E-book, Weirder Than Marshmallows, by Dan Fogg.
This book of essays is an E-book for your Kindle reader. It will be available in other formats in the future.
If you like humor that makes fun of the stupid things other people do, then Weirder Than Marshmallows is for you. Lets face it we all do stupid things every now and then, but some do it more often than others. Things that no one should ever need to be told not to do. You know what I am talking about. Like the tag on the blow dryer that says keep away from water. Is that something we really need to be told not to do? Obviously because if someone hadn't done it, the tag wouldn't be there. Do you think someone really attempted to put a blow dryer in water, or do you think someone has a really cool job sitting around thinking up dumb things people will do with their products? I think it is the first.
These are the types of true stories told in, Weirder Than Marshmallows. I won't give too many details, because I want you to read the book for yourself. You will laugh, scratch your head, and even wonder if something you ever did belongs in this book. I am sure I could qualify for a couple. Like the time I rode on a four wheeler with no helmet, shorts on, and no shoes. Yes, I crashed and my legs looked like burnt toast. It is things like that, for which all these safety stickers, signs, and funny books are made of. So get some tissues, you will need them from laughing so hard. These are all unique essays, of really dumb things people have done. I have never heard of these, that is how new and dumb they are. It is also not too long, so you won't get tired of laughing at others. I had a good laugh at the expense of others, you can too. It can be our little secret.
Buy Weirder Than Marshamallows from the Kindle Store


text:
DNSSEC primer
Answers You Can Trust
One of the largest holes in the Internet is finally plugged.
I hope by the time you are reading this article that the DNS root domain (.) will include signed data for all the top-level domains (.nl, .org, etc.). Why? Because once that is done, you will finally be able make DNS queries and actually validate that the answer you received is correct.
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Linux is the Largest Software Development Project in History
But if you are not using the latest Linux kernel, your system is insecure.
Linksys Says Yes to Open Source Firmware
Home routers will give room for custom firmware but still comply with FCC rules
OwnCloud Founder Resigns
Frank Karlitschek will continue to lead the open source ownCloud project
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS released
"Xenial Xerus" comes with a new packages format and several improvements for the enterprise.
MS Visual Studio Code Editor is Available for Linux
Linux users can now download and install the Windows code editor
Open Container Initiative announces Image Format Project
New initiative will address security and interoperability concerns around container technology.
Red Hat Lures Developers with Free RHEL and Container Development Kits
Developers can use RHEL as a development platform without a subscription fee.
Microsoft Brings the Linux Command Line to Windows
Windows users will soon have native access to the Bash shell.
Internet Research Group Proposes Better Email Standard
Improvements to SMTP will provide better guarantee of confidentiality
New Nvidia Driver Offers Wayland Support
Graphics vendor embraces new reality in Linux graphics

subset: commoncrawl


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Today's consumers prefer their products to have history and to evoke a sense of the past. In response, smart – and new – brands are creating instant, on-the-spot heritage.
Created by The Future Laboratory, LS:N Global is a trends and insight network that plugs you into what is new, next and innovative in consumer needs and lifestyle behaviour.Get started Watch video


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Long Night's Journey into Day Showtimes and Tickets
Read Movie Reviews about Long Night's Journey into Day Write a Movie Review for Long Night's Journey into Day
Release Date: 2000-03-29 (NY)
Genre: Documentary,
Rating: NR
Duration: 1hr 34min
For over forty years, South Africa was governed by the most notorious form of racial domination since Nazi Germany. When it finally collapsed, those who had enforced Apartheid's rule wanted amnesty for their crimes. Their victims wanted justice. As a compromise, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was formed. Now as it investigates the crimes of Apartheid, the Commission is bringing together victims and perpetrators to reveal South Africa's brutal past in the hopes of paving the way to a peaceful future.
Cast and Crew
- Starring
Peter Biehl, Linda Biehl, Evelyn Manqina, Mongezi Manqina, Easy Nofemela
- Directed by Frances Reid, Deborah Hoffmann
- Produced by Frances Reid
- Written by Antjie Krog
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Re: Credit score dropped opening new cards
whatamess wrote:
I have a question... I thought I had this thing somewhat figured out. When an account is PIF, and reports as such... does that make your score drop? It seems that this has happened to me 3Xs. When I pay off accounts my score drops anywhere from 5-11 pts. I've been trying to keep my revolving accounts @zero before the end of each billing cycle thinking it would bump up my scores. Is it that I still need to have a balance showing so that the CRA's see that there is still activity on the accounts? It seems that paying debt down is ok as long as you don't pay it off. I'm in the game, I just don't have the right coach and playbook! I'm trying... just need sum help! Trans: 705 before drop, Eq: 671 and fell to 664. Score watch is a nice tool, but its not specific. I feel like a blind man who hit the lottery, But can't find his money!
on SW.
Is this a CC? The only times you'd ever see a drop on a FICO for having a zero balance is if 1) the CC or revolving was closed thereby resulting in the TL being permanently removed from util (which can result in a drop if you are carring balances on the other CCs), or 2) all of your balances hit $0 (oddly enough, FICO can ding you for having all $0 balances).
On the reporting of balances, even if you pay 100% of it off, it can still report a balance. Most CCs report the balance you had on the statement date, as opposed to the due date. Some people pay off their CCs on the due date thinking it would report $0, but they end up using it again before the statement date and that can throw off their reporting.
Aside from these two, I can't see a scenario where a $0 balance results in a drop, with that being the only issue or change on the CR. Note that for SW, SW will monitor your scores and monitor for major changes to EQ and will throw out the score and a likely reason behind that score change. Note that not all of the suggested changes results in that specific score change. For example, I once gained 20 for adding an inquiry. Inquiries don't increase your FICO so the increase was due to a dropped baddie which SW isn't designed to pick up on. In other words, you might have 3-4-5 changes on your CR that resulted in a net score change of X, but SW will only give one to you (depending on the alert type). I always recommend subscribing to a credit monitoring service that monitors all 3 reports. Some allow you to pull your reports daily and you can specifically target your report for these changes. e.g. no longer blind.


text:
Firefighters responded to a small brush fire in the Cajon Pass Friday, July 4, and closed one lane of Interstate 15, the U.S. Forest Service reported on Twitter.
The fire was first reported about 8:30 a.m. � and about 10 minutes later � firefighters found about a half acre burning a half mile north of Kenwood Avenue.
Flames in two areas were put out by about 9 a.m. The freeway lane was closed to make room for firefighting apparatus.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 30, 1983
|Filing date
|Nov 24, 1981
|Priority date
|Nov 28, 1980
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Daniel Fleuret
|Original Assignee
|L.C.C.-C.I.C.E.-Compagnie Europeenne De Composants Electroniques
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (18), Classifications (15), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to a bus-bar having a low impedance characteristic for transmitting an electric signal from a source to a plurality of receivers, said bus-bar comprising particularly two conducting current-conveying bars separated by dielectric means.
Such bus-bars have been used for a very long time especially in power supply systems for electric computer circuits.
Such power supply lines were designed in the past for replacing coaxial cables which are much too cumbersome in miniaturized circuits. In order to achieve the necessary decoupling between the different user circuits, connecting capacitors in parallel across the line so as to increase decoupling has already been proposed.
However, the connection of these capacitors in parallel across the lines makes very difficult the operations for maintenance thereof, as well as mounting problems.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,189,847 has already proposed using bus-bars formed from two conducting bars separated by a dielectric whose losses increase with the frequency, such as a ferromagnetic material which has the property of being conducting at low frequencies or for a DC current but which very rapidly attenuates all the high-frequency signals. Thus is avoided the propagation along the power supply bar of high-frequency pulse signals which might disturb the operation of the circuits connected to said bus-bar.
However, such a system presents the disadvantage of using a very special material, relatively expensive and having poor mechanical properties. In fact, such a ferromagnetic material is generally brittle and the power supply bars obtained in accordance with the technique described in this patent are rigid bars of relatively great thickness. Moreover, the transmission of high-frequency signals with such a bar is impossible, considering the design of this latter. More recently, U.S. Pat. No. 3,312,870 has proposed constructing power supply bars from two conducting bars separated by a dielectric material having a very high dielectric constant. The high-dielectric constant material is obtained by stacking metal plates coated with an insulating oxide film obtained by anodization, the plates being assembled together by means of an adhesive layer. Such a device is however not very easy to produce because of the anodization required for the metal plates and because of their relatively great thickness which, for high capacities, would lead to a total thickness of the power supply bars which would be unacceptable.
More recently, French Pat. No. 2,438,933 (corresponding to U.S. Pat. No. 4,236,046) has proposed using, not simply an adhesive dielectric film interposed between the power supply bars, but replacing said adhesive dielectric film by successive ceramic wafers with a high dielectric constant. An identical solution had moreover already been proposed by the patentee in U.S. Pat. No. 3,778,735. The use of high-dielectric constant ceramic material presents however the disadvantage of introducing dielectric losses and consequently a series resistance which, at high frequencies, degrades the characteristic impedance of the lines thus formed and so does not ensure good transmission of information.
All the known systems proposed up to date, such as those described above, present however different disadvantages: there exist in fact two problems to be resolved when it is desired to form bars having a low characteristic impedance and without losses at high frequencies. These bars must have the highest distributed capacity possible so as to obtain a very low characteristic impedance and to have as reduced a thickness as possible so as to take up the minimum of space in the circuits using these bars.
When it is desired for example to supply a few integrated circuits disposed on a printed circuit, the power supply bar must of course not have an excessive width compared to the width of the cases of said integrated circuits. Now, if it is desired to produce power supply bars having a very high capacity, they can be bars constructed either of great width with a single very thin dielectric film layer interposed between the power supply bars, or bars in the way described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,312,870.
In the first case, said power supply bars are too cumbersome and too fragile. In fact, the conducting bars, which are generally metallic, have a fairly rough surface condition, that is to say that there exist in places metallic projecting portions of a few microns thickness. When the two conducting bars are assembled together by means of the adhesive dielectric film, these projecting portions pierce said dielectric and the bar is short-circuited.
In the second case, the power supply bars thus formed have too great a thickness to be used in certain applications, particularly when it is desired to place said bars under the cases of type DIL integrated circuits, between the "lugs" of said integrated circuits.
Consequently, there do not exist at the present time any bars having a certain flexibility, a very low characteristic impedance and reduced thickness.
The bus-bars in accordance with the invention do not have the disadvantages of the above-described supply bars and answer the problem raised.
It is a primary object of the invention to supply a bus-bar wherein the dielectric means are formed by a stack of metal-coated dielectric films forming an assembly of 2 n identical or different dielectric films, separated by 2 n metal layers, the metal layers in even and uneven rows being respectively connected together laterally by electric connections, the conducting bars being fixed on each side of the stack and connected electrically respectively to one of the lateral electric connections. The films may be coated with metal on one or both faces. In this latter case, there will be found in the stack metal layers formed by two superimposed layers which will then be connected electrically together by contact.
Preferably, between the stack and each of the conducting bars there will be placed cushion-forming means, whose purpose is to prevent, above all, damage to the layers of the stack. Preferably, the thickness of said cushions will be greater than or equal to 10 microns. These cushions may be formed either from an adhesive such as an epoxy bonding agent, an isocyanate, a polyurethane or a mixture thereof with their respective hardners (single or dual-component bonding agents), this adhesive being insulating with respect to the conductor, or from an electrically inactive layer, formed from a flexible dielectric film.
The cushion-forming means may play a double role, on the one hand allowing assembly between the stack of dielectric films and the conducting bars, and on the other hand avoiding direct contact between the metal-coated films and said conducting bars, so as to avoid mechanical damage of one by the other. To this end, an adhesive will be preferably used which depending on circumstances, for example the shape of the power supply bar produced, will be insulating or conducting.
As conducting adhesive, conducting varnishes may be used or conducting bonding agents. The conducting nature of these varnishes or bonding agent is generally determined by the presence therein of a metal powder in a fairly large amount. Generally, the metal powder is silver, known for its very good conducting properties.
As far as the insulating bonding agents are concerned, any known type known to a man skilled in the art may be used, either single- or dual-component agents. In particular the bonding agents of the polyurethane and/or epoxy type may be used.
In the case where the cushion-forming means are formed by an electrically inactive layer, formed from a flexible dielectric film, this latter may be identical to or different from one of the dielectrics of the stack. It will be preferably chosen in the same family, described hereafter.
This film will be made solid with the stack either by means of an adhesive, or by means of lateral electric connections: these latter being generally obtained by projection of molten metal, the dielectric film is thus embodied in the stack by the projected metal.
The upper part of this film will be made solid with the conducting bars, generally by means of an adhesive such as has been defined above.
Generally, and if it is desired to make the bar of the invention more rigid, there may be introduced into the stack m adhesive layers, disposed between the 2 n layers of metal-coated films, m being less than or equal to 2 n-1. Depending on the result desired, m may vary from 1 to 2 n-1. The thickness of the adhesive, chosen preferably from current commercially available adhesives, such as those described above, will generally vary between 0.2 and 2 microns.
Such bus-bars present important advantages with respect to known power supply bars, including those comprising two conducting bars separated by an adhesive dielectric film. In fact, the power supply bars of the invention have the property of being self-healing.
The self-healing phenomenon is the following: when the dielectric film has defects called "conducting points", the application of a voltage to the conducting bar, i.e. the appearance of a potential difference between the two conducting bars, causes volatilization of the metal-coated armature parts opposite the conducting point, without perforation of the dielectric. Thus, the power supply bar is nevertheless usable since no short-circuit appears between the conducting bars.
On the contrary, in the case where a dielectric is used, adhesive or not, between two conducting bars playing the role of armatures, as is described in the prior art, when the dielectric presents a defect, on application of a voltage to the bar, there is perforation of the dielectric at the positions corresponding to the conducting points when the voltage becomes fairly high: there is then short-circuiting of said power supply bar. The power supply bars of the invention have then the very great advantage of increased reliability with respect to the power supply bars of the same type known up to present.
Furthermore, since the metal-coated films used for forming the bars of the invention allow said bar to withstand a high voltage gradient, the dielectric used may have small thickness, which results in a considerable increase in capacity, that is to say that the power supply bar of the invention has a very low characteristic impedance. Within the scope of the invention dielectric film may in fact be used having a thickness of the order of 1.5 microns while having an operating voltage greater than 100 volts.
On the contrary, in the case of solid armatures, the dielectric film must have a thickness of at least 20 microns for the power supply bar to have correct reliability in use. Under these conditions, the capacity per unit of length of said bar is obviously much lower, which results in a much higher characteristic impedance and a power supply bar poorly adapted to the problem to be resolved.
The characteristic impedance of the bars of the invention remains low even at very high frequencies, contrary to those using a high-dielectric constant ceramic material. In fact, in the case of ceramic material, the high-frequency dielectric losses introduce a series resistance into the circuit which degrades the characteristic impedance of the lines thus formed.
Moreover, contrary to the known bars of the prior art, the power supply bars of the present invention may be cut to the desired length without any risk of short-circuit between the conducting bars. In fact, the presence of the cushions provides a sufficient separation between the bars.
The bus-bars of the invention may be used as will be described hereafter, either vertically, i.e. disposed between the integrated circuits of the printed card, or horizontally, i.e. under the integrated circuits between their connecting lugs.
When these power supply bars are used vertically, the conducting bars have their connections for fixing in the holes of the printed circuits, situated on the same side of a lateral electrical connection. To this end, said conducting bars will therefore be fixed on each side of the stack of metal-coated dielectric films by means of two different adhesives, the part of the conducting bar situated in the vicinity of the lateral electric connection to which it is to be connected being secured by means of an electricity-conducting adhesive, whereas the other part of the conducting bar situated opposite the electric connection to which it is not to be connected will be secured by means of an adhesive or an adhesive film which does not conduct electricity.
Preferably, so as to reinforce the mechanical strength of said power supply bars, adhesive, either conducting or nonconducting, will also be disposed inside the re-entrant dihedrons formed by the power supply bars and the lateral electric connections connecting the metal-coated films together. This is particularly necessary within the dihedrons situated on the side where the conducting bar is to be connected to the printed circuit.
As dielectric film usable within the scope of the invention, any dielectric film may be used having appropriate properties, well-known to a man skilled in the art. Preferably current dielectric films will be used such as paper, polyolefins (and in particular polypropylene and polyethylene), polycarbonate, polysulfone, polystyrene, or the polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, these latter being generally the films preferred within the scope of the present invention (in particular because of their very high dielectric constant). Other dielectric films may also be used such as polyamide (nylon 6, nylon 6.6 . . . ), polyimide, polyamideimide, polytetrafluoroethylene, vinylidene polyfluoride films, etc. The thickness of the film used will be as small as possible, since the capacity of the bar increases when the thickness of the dielectric diminishes. This thickness will be generally less than 20 microns, and preferably less than 5 microns. A dielectric will preferably be chosen having a loss angle at 25� C. at the frequency of 1 KHz such that the tangent of this angle, generally called tangent δ, is in all cases less than or equal to 2�10-2 and preferably less than 5�10-3.
Generally, the type of dielectric, its thickness, etc will be chosen so that a capacity per centimeter of length of the power supply bars is obtained greater than 20 nanofarads. It is in fact considered that this value is a minimum value in order to obtain power supply bars having a low distributed constant for transmitting all signals, from DC up to several hundred MHz. This is what makes the construction of these power supply bars particularly delicate.
The metal usable for coating the surface of the dielectric film will be preferably zinc, aluminium, silver, gold or copper. The thickness of the metal film deposited on the dielectric film will be such that the "square" resistance of the metal-coated film varies between 0.5 ohm and 5 ohms. By "square" resistance is meant the resistance of a square of the metal layer having, for example, a side one centimeter long.
In fact, beyond a square resistance of 5 ohms, it has been discovered that the metal deposit is so thin that inequalities occur in the distribution of the metal, said inequalities generating important defects in the power supply bars obtained with these films. For a square resistance less than 0.5 ohm, it is generally considered that the thickness of the metal deposit is too great to make the construction of power supply bars economically advantageous by these processes. Moreover, a thick deposit is difficult to form and the power supply bar obtained with a thick deposit loses its self-healing capability.
The conducting bars will generally be formed from a highly conducting material such as copper. Preferably, this conducting material will be covered with a layer of tin, deposited before or after cutting out said bars. This tinning will be formed, in a way known per se, either chemically or electrolytically. The thickness of the tin layer will be preferably 20 microns. When this tinning is carried out before cutting out the bars, it has been discovered that the tin layer creeps during the cutting and thus protects the lateral edge of the conducting bar.
In practice, power supply bars will generally be formed comprising between four and twenty layers of metal-coated dielectric film, the other elements of the bar being chosen so that the total thickness thereof remains less than 3 mm. These particulars correspond to the best embodiment of the invention.
In order to construct the power supply bars in accordance with the invention, the stack of metal-coated dielectric films is first of all formed and assembled by lateral projection of metal. This technique is itself well-known and described for example in French Pat. No. 903,040. The stacks thus formed are then cut to the desired length and assembled with the corresponding conducting bars. These latter may be in the form of rolls which are unrolled during assembly with the dielectric stacks, each bar being previously coated with a layer of bonding agent at the desired positions, for example by means of a drum having a silk screen which allows continuous depositing of the bonding agent by silk-screen printing. So as to obtain the viscosities required for using the silk-screen printing process, the viscosity of the bonding agents used will be adjusted by dilution to a greater or lesser degree in an appropriate solvent. After pressure assembly of the stacks and the bars for a sufficient period of time to allow curing of the bonding agent, the power supply bars of the invention are then ready for use.
The bars thus formed may however, if that proves necessary, be coated with an appropriate resin. This protection may also be a paint, a plastic or adhesive thermostrip, etc.
The invention will be better understood from the following examples, which is no wise constitute a limitation, in conjunction with the figures which show:
FIG. 1, a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the power supply bars of the invention, corresponding to a vertical position of the bar and taken along the line 1--1 of FIG. 2b,
FIG. 2a is an end view and FIG. 2b a perspective view of the power supply bar of FIG. 1,
FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the invention, corresponding to a horizontal position of the bar and taken along the line 3--3 of FIG. 4b,
FIG. 4a is an end view and FIG. 4b a perspective view of a bar in accordance with FIG. 3, and
FIG. 5 shows an example of using a bar such as is described in FIGS. 3 and 4a, 4b implanted in a printed circuit between the integrated circuit connecting lugs.
In FIG. 1, the dielectric films 1 coated respectively with metal layers 2 are offset with respect to each other, the layers of the same row (even and uneven) being connected together by lateral electric connections such as 3 and 4. The conducting bars 5 and 6 are assembled on each side of the stack of metal-coated dielectric films by means of insulating adhesive layers such as 7 and 9, and conducting adhesive layers such as 8 and 10. It can be seen in this figure that, so as to provide a better electrical contact between the lateral electrical connections 3 and 4 and the adhesive layers 8 and 10, these latter end in menisci 14 and 15 which correspond to filling the re-entrant dihedrons formed by the lateral electrical connections 3 and 4 and the power supply bars 5 and 6.
In this figure, the whole of the conducting bar, except for the connecting lugs 12 and 13, has been embedded in resin 11.
In FIG. 2a there is shown a power supply bar substantially to the actual size. In FIG. 2a, this bar is seen from the front with its connecting lug assemblies 12 and 13, whereas FIG. 2b shows a perspective view of the bar. The configuration of the bar shown in FIGS. 1 and 2a, 2b corresponds to the so-called "vertical" configuration of said bar.
In FIG. 3 there is shown a second embodiment of the power supply bars in accordance with the invention, corresponding to the so-called "horizontal" configuration. In this figure, the same elements as those of the preceding figures bear the same reference numerals. With respect to FIG. 1, the only difference in this FIG. 3 is formed by the arrangement of conducting bars 5 and 6. These conducting bars have their respective connecting lugs 12 and 13 situated on the same side as the lateral electric connections 3 and 4 to which they are respectively connected. In this configuration, the use of insulating bonding agents may be avoided being necessary. In this case, it is sufficient to connect the conducting bars in the configuration shown in the figure, by taking care to avoid electric contact between the bars and the lateral electric connections 3 and 4. To this end, the upper parts 16 and 17 of the conducting bars are situated approximately at the same height as the metal-coated dielectric film edges to which they are connected.
In FIG. 4a there is shown a view to approximately actual size of a power supply bar such as described in FIG. 3. This power supply bar has a very flat shape, which allows it to be used in particular as is shown in FIG. 5 for supplying integrated circuits such as 21, 22, 23 disposed on a printed card 20. In such a configuration, the supply bar 24 conforming to the one described in FIGS. 3 and 4a, 4b may be housed between the connecting lugs such as 25, 26 and 27 of said integrated circuits. Such an arrangement is readily obtainable because of the structure of the bars of the invention.
A film of polyethylene terephthalate, having a relative dielectric constant of 3.2, is coated with a vacuum-deposited layer of aluminium of a thickness substantially equal to 200 angstrom, representing a square resistance of about 1.5 ohm. This film is cut into strips of about 5 mm width. On each of these strips a small margin has been provided by removing the metal layer on one of the sides. Then the stack of metal-coated films is formed according to the technique described in French Pat. No. 903,040, then the lateral electrical connections are formed by metal projection. After cooling, the stacks thus formed are cut into pieces of about 20 cm in length. Two copper metal bars having lateral connecting lugs evenly spaced over their length, and previously tinned, are then assembled together with the above-formed stacks. To achieve this assembly, the metal bars are covered by silk-screen printing with a single-component conducting epoxy bonding agent comprising 60% pure silver. After drying and curing of the bonding agent, the power supply bar is then subjected to the marking operation and is ready for use.
Electrical measurements effected on this bar gave the following results:
Insulating resistance under 10 volts: 75,000 Megohms (measurement carried out in accordance with norm NFC 93 050 Article 1).
Capacity of the bar measuring 23 cm in length: 690 nanofarads.
Voltage behavior (in accordance with norm NFC 93 050 Article 2): a voltage of 100 volts was applied between the two conducting bars through connections, for one minute on six samples subjected to this test, no dielectric perforation nor discharge phenomenon nor sputtering was observed during the whole period of the test. In other words, no defect appeared during this test. The insulating resistance after this test remains generally substantially equal to that of the sample before testing.
The measurement of the resistance per unit of length of the power supply bar of the invention, for the six samples previously used, is between 0.21 and 0.22 milliohms per centimeter. With the copper used having a resistivity of 0.017 ohm�square millimeter per millimeter, the theoretical resistance of these bars is equal to 0.21 milliohm per centimeter. It is then quite remarkable that the power supply bars of the invention do not cause disturbances in the value of the resistance of the conducting bars used.
Finally, the characteristic impedance of the bars measured by means of a pulse generator with a rise time less than 5 nanoseconds, showed an average characteristic impedance over the six samples mentioned above equal to 0.31 ohm, the corresponding theoretical calculated value being 0.22 ohm.
It can then be seen that the lines thus formed have a very low characteristic impedance, that the process for producing them causes very few losses (the measured characteristic impedance is very little different from the theoretical characteristic impedance).
By way of comparison, the characteristic impedance of products of the same type commercially available was found to be close to 2.5 ohms.
In the preceding, the term power supply bar (or bus-bar) has been generally used. It is evident that this term in no wise limits the function of these bars to a means for connecting a voltage supply source to a plurality of circuits. It designates on the contrary a means for connecting any continuous or alternating, analog or digital electric signal generator (source) to any receiver using this signal.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 29, 1961
|Jun 15, 1965
|D. c. power distribution system
|Mar 13, 1964
|Apr 4, 1967
|Hughes Aircraft Co
|Electrical transmission system
|Oct 26, 1964
|Nov 7, 1967
|Hughes Aircraft Co
|Electrical transmission system
|Aug 5, 1968
|Jul 21, 1970
|Eldre Components
|High capacity bus bar
|May 4, 1972
|Dec 11, 1973
|Co Europ Composants Electroniq
|Transmission line of low characteristic impedance
|Oct 10, 1978
|Nov 25, 1980
|Rogers Corporation
|High capacitance bus bar
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 14, 1983
|Jan 15, 1985
|Rogers Corporation
|Decoupling capacitor and method of manufacture thereof
|Nov 14, 1983
|Jul 30, 1985
|Rogers Corporation
|Decoupling capacitor and method of manufacture thereof
|Sep 10, 1984
|Aug 20, 1985
|At&T Bell Laboratories
|Snap-in bus bar
|Feb 12, 1986
|Jan 12, 1988
|Fujitsu Limited
|Electronic apparatus mounting structure
|Mar 17, 1987
|Nov 24, 1992
|Fujitsu Limited
|Bus bar for a circuit board
|Sep 16, 1991
|Nov 30, 1993
|Robert Bosch Gmbh
|Thick film hybrid arrangement with outer contacts
|Jul 12, 1991
|Apr 26, 1994
|W.I.T. Inc.
|Electrical interconnect and method of its manufacture
|Jan 7, 1997
|Feb 23, 1999
|Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme Aktiengesellschaft
|Busbars with filter capacitors
|Sep 30, 2002
|Jul 12, 2005
|Teradyne, Inc.
|High power interface
|Jun 18, 2004
|Aug 1, 2006
|Aisin A W Co., Ltd
|Device for removing inverter noise
|Jul 15, 2011
|Feb 4, 2014
|Edward Herbert
|Method and apparatus for reducing shock and arc-flash hazards in power distribution systems
|Sep 30, 2002
|Apr 1, 2004
|Arash Behziz
|High power interface
|Feb 2, 2004
|Aug 12, 2004
|Sass Forrest L.
|Low inductance high capacitance power cable for connecting a power supply to an electrical load
|Jun 18, 2004
|Dec 23, 2004
|Aisin Aw Co., Ltd.
|Device for removing inverter noise
|Oct 8, 2004
|May 26, 2005
|Alexander James N.Iv
|Method for preparing polymer electrosprays
|Dec 11, 2006
|Jun 17, 2010
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Mar 6, 1995
|Mar 21, 1996
|Siemens Nixdorf Inf Syst
|Current supply rail system with smoothing capacitors for dataprocessor
|Dec 6, 2012
|Jun 26, 2014
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Device for insulating conductors i.e. bus bars, in down and medium voltage area, has conductor layers extended from insulator and connected to one another through resistors and capacitors
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 24, 1981
Owner name: L.C.C.-C.I.C.E. COMPAGNIE EUROPEENNE DE COMPOSANT
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:FLEURET, DANIEL;REEL/FRAME:003955/0420
Effective date: 19811110
Owner name: L.C.C.-C.I.C.E. COMPAGNIE EUROPEENNE DE COMPOSANT
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FLEURET, DANIEL;REEL/FRAME:003955/0420
Effective date: 19811110
|Jan 23, 1987
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 2, 1991
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Sep 1, 1991
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Nov 12, 1991
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19910825
|Nov 4, 1994
Owner name: PRESTOLITE ELECTRIC INCORPORATED, MICHIGAN
Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:CONGRESS FINANCIAL CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:007185/0936
Effective date: 19941026


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text: There are only two classes of people who regard this as a threat. Anti-Catholic Protestants like James White and anti-Catholic Reactionary Catholics who always construe kind words said about Francis as an indictment of Francis and not as the obvious evangelical opportunity they are. Weird to be living in a time when professional anti-Catholics are [Read More…]


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[Editor's note: Ryan Johnston is a solution architect on more than one BPM platform, and leads our business development activities for open source BPM solutions. As a fan of open source systems, he was a big advocate of BrazosOpen –
We're excited to announce the latest product from BP3 – BrazosOpen. Designed for the open source market, BrazosOpen brings the ability to create beautiful UIs to open source software. BP3 Announces Release of BrazosOpen BP3 (http://www.bp-3.com), leaders in business process
BP3 is pleased to announce the beta availability of BrazosOpen for Activiti.BrazosOpen brings the industry leading user experience technology of Brazos UI for IBM BPM to open source platforms such as Activiti and Camunda. First announced at last year's bpmNEXT
"It's hard to make money when you give the shit away" – Dave Kellogg Dave Kellogg wrote a great blog post on the subject of making money in open source, and how challenging it is. He chose the Hortonworks S-1
There's an ongoing debate between "open" and "closed". Chris Dixon has written what I consider the most thoughtful blog on the subject, as it relates to phones and desktop PCs, which I referenced here. This argument seems to come up
Bruce Silver has recently posted his latest efforts to perform BPMN model interchange. It has been a recurring theme on his blog, BPMN 2.0 and its potential for interchange, as well as XPDL's capacity for interchange. Recently Bruce went on
When I worked for a BPM software vendor, I often told people that I wasn't too worried about open source software because BPM is a different animal than many other software categories- user experience is critical; the problem-space is wide,
Thanks to Sandy's blog post, I've once again been pointed to an interesting post in a blog I didn't have in my Google reader (I've now added it! thanks again Sandy!), in which Ismael Ghalimi gives unsolicited advice to the


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Monday, December 17, 2012 at 11:22 AM
Ohio Board of Regents Chancellor Jim Petro will retire from public service next year. In an announcement today, Petro set a "tentative" retirement date of Feb. 1.
Petro was appointed by Gov. John Kasich in March 2011 to oversee Ohio's state university system. Petro previously served as state attorney general and state auditor, among other elected and appointed public roles.
Under Petro's leadership, the Board of Regents focused on increasing commercialization of university research, evaluating and improving Ohio's teacher preparation programs, and consolidating the technology resources overseen by the board.
In a written statement, Petro said he was honored to have served as state chancellor.
"Together we set an aggressive course for Ohioans to achieve a higher level of degrees and credentials of value that will help improve our state's overall economic success," he said.
Petro previously pushed to consolidate the Ohio Department of Education and the Board of Regents. While that has not happened, the Board of Regents does plan to move into the same office building as the Department of Education by the end of this year.
In a written statement, Kasich praised Petro's work.
He's helped change a system that needed changing and has been a committed advocate for Ohioans of all ages who want to learn, upgrade their skills and make their futures brighter. I'll miss working with him, but wish him and [his wife] Nancy well in this new chapter of their life together," Kasich said.


text:
After my truck gets up to normal running temp my motor will quit. I've had it happen with the truck parked and while driving down the road. It will not start again till the truck cools down. I've replaced the ignition coil.
by IH966 in Vergennes, VT on March 26, 2014


text:
ATLANTA - Brian McCann would like to be behind the plate on opening day and beat the projections which have him missing the start of the season.
ATLANTA - Play ball!
ATLANTA - The Braves traded Tommy Hanson to the Los Angeles Angels for former closer Jordan Walden on Friday, clearing a spot in the Atlanta rotation for Julio Teheran, Randal Delgado or another young starter.
ATLANTA - Jason Heyward was in the audience as B.J. Upton was introduced Thursday as Atlanta's new centerfielder.
HOUSTON - Jordan Schafer is heading back to Atlanta, and the outfielder couldn't be happier about rejoining the big league organization where he started his big league career.
ATLANTA - Brian McCann's agent said Wednesday the Braves catcher expects to be "completely healthy" for the 2013 season following surgery on his right shoulder.
ATLANTA - Item by item, Chipper Jones' shirts and pants were folded and stacked neatly for the final time in his Braves travel bag.
ATLANTA - Break out the peanut butter and honey. Kris Medlen is ready for another start.
PITTSBURGH - The storybook ending for Chipper Jones would have been putting a fastball into the Allegheny River.
PITTSBURGH - Kevin Correia pitched effectively into the seventh inning, Garrett Jones homered and the Pittsburgh Pirates won consecutive games for the first time in four weeks, beating the Atlanta Braves 5-1 Tuesday night.
ATLANTA - Mike Minor pitched 6 1-3 sharp innings to win his fifth straight decision, Martin Prado and Jason Heyward each had an RBI and the Atlanta Braves beat the New York Mets 2-0 on Saturday night.
ATLANTA - David Ross and Andrelton Simmons raced home on left fielder Bryan Petersen's costly error, sending Tommy Hanson and the Atlanta Braves to a 6-2 victory over the Miami Marlins on Thursday night.
ATLANTA - With one last trip to the postseason assured - albeit maybe for just nine innings - Chipper Jones is relishing the final days of his last season.
ATLANTA - The Braves showed no hangover from their champagne celebration, beating Miami 3-0 on Wednesday night as Martin Prado homered and Paul Maholm combined with three relievers on a six-hitter.
ATLANTA - Freddie Freeman hit a two-run homer in the bottom of the ninth inning to put the Atlanta Braves back in the playoffs with a 4-3 victory over the Miami Marlins on Tuesday night.
ATLANTA (AP) - Mike Foltynewicz is showing he can be more than just a fastball pitcher - and that he can be part of the Braves' long-term ...
ATLANTA - Braves interim manager Brian Snitker says Gordon Beckham is "bouncing around like he's a teenager."
ATLANTA - Scooter Gennett's tiebreaking single in the eighth inning lifted the Milwaukee Brewers to a 2-1 victory over Atlanta on Tuesday night, spoiling Brian ...
PHILADELPHIA (AP) - Freddie Freeman homered twice and drove in four runs and Nick Markakis also hit a home run to lead the Atlanta Braves to ...
PITTSBURGH - Julio Teheran allowed five hits in 7 2/3 crisp innings and theAtlanta Braves gave Brian Snitker his first victory as interim manager with ...
PITTSBURGH - Matt Joyce homered among his three hits and drove in three runs, Gregory Polanco had three hits and three runs scored, and Jon Niese ...
KANSAS CITY, Mo. (AP) - Mike Foltynewicz pitched the best game of his young career and it came against the defending World Series champions.
ATLANTA (AP) - Fredi Gonzalez was expecting a stern message from a voice of authority following another Braves home loss on Sunday.
NEW YORK - Lucas Duda and the New York Mets gladly got into a game of home run derby with the Atlanta Braves.
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Deborah A. Bolnick
Associate Professor — Ph.D., University of California, Davis
- E-mail: email@example.com
- Phone: 512 471 7532
- Office: SAC 4.148
- Campus Mail Code: C3200
Anthropological genetics and genomics, ancient DNA, human biological variation, race, Native American population history, human population genetics, genetic ancestry testing, paleoepigenetics
Bolnick's research focuses on human genetic variation and how it is shaped by culture, language, history, and geography. She uses both ancient and modern DNA to reconstruct Native American prehistory. She is also interested in genetic ancestry testing and how it affects our understanding of race and ethnicity. On the subject of genetic ancestry testing, she has been widely interviewed by the popular press, including the PBS News Hour, BBC World Radio, and the Wall Street Journal. Bolnick's research was featured in a 2007 UT homepage feature story, Deep Roots?.
T C 357 • Race And Science
42420 • Spring 2015
Meets TTH 1100am-1230pm SAC 5.118
Course Number: TC 357
Title: Race and Science
Instructor: Deborah Bolnick, Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology
Description: This course will examine the scientific study of race. We will explore the ways that race has been conceptualized over time, and we will evaluate how race is constructed and understood in various disciplines, including anthropology, biology, psychology, sociology, medicine, and forensics. In this class, we will trace the history of racial science and scientific racism, considering the origins, applications, and social impact of race science (especially in connection with European colonialism, segregation and the civil rights movement in the United States, and the eugenics movement in both the United States and Nazi Germany). We will also draw on recent scientific research to evaluate the nature and significance of human biological diversity. As part of this unit, students will gain hands-on experience analyzing human skeletal variation and human genetic diversity (including some analyses of their own DNA). We will also discuss popular documentaries as we consider what genetic data tell us about ancestry and race. Finally, we will explore a number of recent scientific controversies – the use of race in medical diagnosis and treatment, claims of IQ differences between racial groups, possible racial differences in athletic aptitude, and the intersection of race, crime, and forensics. In each case, we will carefully and critically evaluate the scientific evidence, and consider how the data have been interpreted in scientific journals and by the media. By the end of this course, students will understand the history of race science and the patterns of biological variation that exist today. They will also learn to critically evaluate scientific research and news stories about race and science, and they will develop effective strategies for discussing and conveying the complex nature of race.
Course Requirements:
(1) Four short papers (30%).
Each student will write a 1-2 page position statement describing his or her views about race at the beginning and end of the semester (5% each).
Each student will also write two 4-6 page papers analyzing material presented in readings or films (10% each).
(2) Class participation and helping to lead discussion (30%).
(3) Research Project (35%).
Each student will choose a relevant topic to explore in greater depth over the course of the semester. A 2 page research proposal and bibliography (5%) will be due in the second month of class. Students will submit the first 7-8 pages of their research papers for instructor and peer feedback partway through the semester (10%). They will then revise what they have written and complete their papers. The final 15 page research paper (20%) will be due at the end of the semester.
(4) Research Presentation (5%). Each student will give a 10 minute oral presentation on the subject of their research paper. This course will carry the writing and independent inquiry flags.
Biography: Deborah Bolnick received her Ph.D. from the University of California, Davis in 2005. She studies the patterns of human genetic variation and how they are shaped by culture, history, language, and geography. She is also interested in how genetic ancestry tests influence and are influenced by contemporary American understandings of race, ethnicity, and identity.
Articles in Peer-Reviewed Journals
Raff JA, Bolnick DA. 2015. Does mitochondrial haplogroup X indicate ancient trans-Atlantic migration to the Americas? A critical re-evaluation. Paleoamerica 1:297-304.
Smith RWA, Monroe C, Bolnick DA. 2015. Detection of cytosine methylation in ancient DNA from five Native American populations using bisulfite sequencing. PLoS ONE 10(5): e0125344.
Reynolds AW, Raff JA, Bolnick DA, Cook DC, Kaestle FA. 2015. Ancient DNA from the Schild site in Illinois: implications for the Mississippian transition in the Lower Illinois river valley. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 156:434-448.
Tofanelli S, Brisighelli F, Anagnostou P, Busby G, Ferri G, Thomas M, Taglioli L, Rudan I, Zemunik T, Hayward C, Bolnick DA, Romano V, Cali F, Luiselli D, Shepherd GB, Tusa S, Facella A. 2015. The Greeks in the West: genetic signatures of the Hellenic colonization in southern Italy and Sicily. European Journal of Human Genetics. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2015. 124
Kemp BM, Lindo J, Bolnick DA, Malhi RS, Chatters JC. 2015. Response to Prüfer and Meyer comment on "Late Pleistocene human skeleton and mtDNA link Paleoamericans and modern Native Americans". Science 347:835.
Fujimura JH, Bolnick DA, Rajagopalan R, Kaufman J, Lewontin RC, Duster T, Ossorio P, Marks J. 2014. Clines without classes: how to make sense of human variation. Sociological Theory 32:208-227.
Chatters JC, Kennett DJ, Stafford TW, Asmerom Y, Kemp BM, Polyak V, Blank AN, Beddows P, Reinhart E, Arroyo-Cabrales J, Bolnick DA, Malhi RS, Erreguerena PL, Morell-Hart S, Rissollo D. 2014. Late Pleistocene human skeleton and mtDNA links Paleoamericans and modern Native Americans. Science 344:750-754.
Kennett DJ, Asmerom Y, Kemp BM, Polyak V, Bolnick DA, Malhi RS, Culleton BJ. 2014. Early Americans: misstated results. Science 345:390.
Veilleux CC, Jacobs RL, Cummings ME, Louis EE, Bolnick DA. 2014. Opsin genes and visual ecology in a nocturnal folivorous lemur. International Journal of Primatology 35:88-107.
Raff JA, Bolnick DA. 2014. Genetic roots of the first Americans. Nature 506:162-163.
Villanea FA, Bolnick DA, Monroe C, Worl R, Cambra R, Leventhal A, Kemp BM. 2013. Evolution of a specific O allele (O1vG542A) supports unique ancestry of Native Americans. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 151:649-657.
Veilleux CC, Louis EE, Bolnick DA. 2013. Nocturnal light environments influence color vision and signatures of selection on the OPN1SW opsin gene in nocturnal lemurs. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30:1420-1437.
Mata-Míguez J, Overholtzer L, Rodríguez-Alegría ER, Kemp BM, and Bolnick DA. 2012. The genetic impact of Aztec imperialism: ancient mitochondrial DNA evidence from Xaltocan, Mexico. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 149:504-516.
Bolnick DA, Bonine HM, Mata-Miguez J, Kemp BM, Snow MH, LeBlanc SA. 2012. Non-destructive sampling of human skeletal remains yields ancient nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 147:293-300.
Raff JA*, Bolnick DA*, Tackney J, O'Rourke DH. 2011. Ancient DNA perspectives on American colonization and population history. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 146:503-514.
* equal contribution; one of five most accessed articles in AJPA in 2011
Lee SS, Bolnick DA, Duster T, Ossorio P, TallBear K. 2009. The illusive gold standard in genetic ancestry testing. Science 325:38-39.
Veilleux CC, Bolnick DA. 2009. Opsin gene polymorphism predicts trichromacy in a cathemeral lemur. American Journal of Primatology71:86-90.
Bolnick DA. 2009. Comment on "Color, race, and genomic ancestry in Brazil: dialogues between anthropology and genetics" by Ricardo Santos et al. Current Anthropology 50:802-803.
Halverson MS, Bolnick DA. 2008. An ancient DNA test of a founder effect in Native American ABO blood group frequencies. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 137:342-347.
Bolnick DA, Fullwiley D, Marks J, Reverby SM, Kahn J, TallBear K, Reardon J, Cooper RS, Duster T, Fujimura JH, Kaufman JS, Morning A, Nelson A, Ossorio P. 2008. Response to "The legitimacy of genetic ancestry tests" by Tony Frudakis. Science 319:1039-1040.
[Reprinted in: Park ME, editor. 2009. Biological Anthropology: An Introductory Reader, 6th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.]
Bolnick DA, Fullwiley D, Duster T, Cooper RS, Fujimura JH, Kahn J, Kaufman JS, Marks J, Morning A, Nelson A, Ossorio P, Reardon J, Reverby SM, TallBear K. 2007. The science and business of genetic ancestry testing. Science 318:399-400.
[Reprinted in: Park ME, editor. 2009. Biological Anthropology: An Introductory Reader, 6th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.]
Bolnick DA, Smith DG. 2007. Migration and social structure among the Hopewell: evidence from ancient DNA. American Antiquity 72:627-644.
Kemp BM, Malhi RS, McDonough J, Bolnick DA, Eshleman JA, Rickards O, Martinez-Labarga C, Johnson JR, Lorenz JG, Dixon EJ, Fifield TE, Heaton TH, Worl R, Smith DG. 2007. Genetic analysis of early Holocene skeletal remains from Alaska and implications for the peopling of the Americas. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 132:605-621.
Bolnick DA, Bolnick DI, Smith DG. 2006. Asymmetric male and female genetic histories among Native Americans from eastern North America. Molecular Biology and Evolution 23:2161-2174.
Bolnick DA, Shook BAS, Campbell L, Goddard I. 2004. Problematic use of Greenberg's linguistic classification of the Americas in studies of Native American genetic variation. American Journal of Human Genetics 75:519-522.
Bolnick DA, Smith DG. 2003. Unexpected patterns of mitochondrial DNA variation among Native Americans from the southeastern United States. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 122:336-354.
Weale ME*, Weiss DA*, Jager RF, Bradman N, Thomas MG. 2002. Y chromosome evidence for Anglo-Saxon mass migration. Molecular Biology and Evolution 19:1008-1021. * indicates equal contribution
Malhi RS, Eshleman JA, Greenberg JA, Weiss DA, Schultz BA, Kemp BM, Kaestle FA, Lorenz JG, Johnson JR, Smith DG. 2002. The structure of diversity within New World mitochondrial DNA haplogroups: implications for the prehistory of North America. American Journal of Human Genetics 70:905-919.
Wilson JF, Weiss DA, Richards M, Thomas MG, Bradman N, Goldstein DB. 2001. Genetic evidence for different male and female roles during cultural transitions in the British Isles. Proceedings of the National Academy of the Sciences USA 98:5078-5083.
Nebel A, Filon D, Weiss DA, Weale M, Faerman M, Oppenheim A, Thomas MG. 2000. High-resolution Y chromosome haplotypes of Israeli and Palestinian Arabs reveal geographic substructure and substantial overlap with haplotypes of Jews. Human Genetics 107:630-641.
Thomas MG, Parfitt T, Weiss DA, Skorecki K, Wilson JF, Roux M, Bradman N, Goldstein DB. 2000. Y chromosomes traveling south: the Cohen modal haplotype and the origins of the Lemba – the "black Jews of Southern Africa." American Journal of Human Genetics 66:674-686.
Chapters in Peer-Reviewed Edited Volumes
Feder KL, Barnhart TA, Bolnick DA, Lepper BT. In press. Lessons learned from Lost Civilizations. In: Card JJ, Anderson DS, editors. Lost City, Found Pyramid: Understanding Alternative Archaeologies and Pseudoscientific Practices. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.
Bolnick DA. 2011. Continuity and change in anthropological perspectives on migration: insights from molecular anthropology. In: Cabana GS, Clark JJ, editors. Rethinking Anthropological Perspectives on Migration. pp 263-277.
Bolnick DA. 2008. Individual ancestry inference and the reification of race as a biological phenomenon. In: Koenig B, Lee S, Richardson S, editors. Revisiting Race in a Genomic Age. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. pp 70-88.
[Reprinted in: Machery E, Downes S, editors. 2013. Arguing about Human Nature. New York: Routledge. pp 386-396.]
Popular Articles (Not Peer-Reviewed)
Bolnick DA, Feder KL, Lepper BT, Barnhart TA. 2012. Civilizations lost and found: fabricating history. Part 3: real messages in DNA. Skeptical Inquirer 36:48-51.
Lepper BT, Feder KL, Barnhart TA, Bolnick DA. 2011. Civilizations lost and found: fabricating history. Part 2: false messages in stone. Skeptical Inquirer 35:48-54.
Feder KL, Lepper BT, Barnhart TA, Bolnick DA. 2011. Civilizations lost and found: fabricating history. Part 1: an alternate reality. Skeptical Inquirer 35:38-45.
Bolnick DA. 2009. Ancient DNA from Hopewell sites in Ohio and Illinois. Hopewell Happenings: 7. (Annual Newsletter of the Hopewell Culture National Historic Park)
TallBear K, Bolnick DA. 2004. "Native American DNA" tests: what are the risks for tribes? The Native Voice, December 3-17.
[Reprinted in: Darnovsky M and Obasogie O, editors. In press (2016). Beyond Bioethics: Toward a New Biopolitics. Berkeley: University of California Press.]
Under Contract
Bolnick DA, Miró-Herrans AT, Raff JA, Reynolds AW, Springs LC. Under contract [2016]. Native American genomics and population histories. Annual Review of Anthropology. (Invited submission)
Relethford JH, Bolnick DA. Under contract. Reflections of the Past: How Human History is Revealed in Our Genes. Second edition. Westview Press.
Research in the Bolnick Genomic Anthropology Lab bridges anthropology and genetics, and falls into four categories:
- Studies of Genomic Diversity and Population History in the Americas
- Paleoepigenetic Research
- Research on Genetic Ancestry, Race, and ELSI Issues
- Additional Research Projects
See below for more information about each area of research.
Studies of Genomic Diversity and Population History in the Americas
Patterns of human genetic variation can yield important insights into the evolutionary history and current population structure of our species. In our research, we examine patterns of variation across the entire genome as well as in targeted genomic regions, such as the maternally-inherited mitochondrial DNA, paternally-inherited Y chromosome, and specific autosomal loci (ex. ABO blood group and immune genes). In collaboration with biologists, anthropologists from a variety of subdisciplines, and members of indigenous communities, we look for genetic signatures of the evolutionary, demographic, and cultural factors that have shaped human biodiversity and population history in the Americas.
Current Research Projects:
– characterizing genome-wide diversity patterns in ancient and/or contemporary populations from the Alaskan North Slope, the Midwestern and Southern United States, central Mexico, coastal Belize, and northwestern Argentina
– reconstructing region-specific population histories and changes in the Native American gene pool over time
– testing archaeological and ethnohistorical hypotheses about migration, population replacement, and other demographic changes in ancient times
(ex. did the expansion and collapse of the Toltec, Tepanec, and Aztec states in central Mexico have a demographic and genetic impact on local populations?)
– evaluating whether sociocultural and evolutionary changes over the last millenium altered the genetic structure of Native American populations
– assessing the impact of European contact and colonial practices on genomic diversity in the Americas
(e.g., how did post-contact selection, migration (admixture), and genetic drift affect genetic variation across the genome, including at immune genes and HLA loci?)
– analyzing ancient DNA from early (pre-8000 BP) human inhabitants of North and South America to investigate the initial peopling of the Americas
- reconstructing kinship relationships among individuals from the same burial population
Paleoepigenetic Research
In addition to analyzing variation in the DNA itself, we also look at chemical modifications to DNA (cytosine methylation) that influence when genes are expressed. Studies of contemporary populations have shown that certain life experiences influence epigenetic patterns, so analysis of these patterns in ancient DNA (paleoepigenetics) may help us reconstruct individual experiences in ancient human societies. We are currently working to (a) reconstruct genome-wide epigenetic patterns in a pre-Hispanic population from the central Peruvian Andes, (b) assess the DNA-level effects of trauma, violence, and famine experienced by some members of this society, and (c) evaluate how social inequalities mediated the epigenetic consequences of traumatic experiences in the ancient world. This project has the potential to provide important new insights into the lives of individuals in ancient times.
Research on Genetic Ancestry, Race, and ELSI Issues
Genetic ancestry inference has emerged as an important area of study over the last 15 years, and it has given rise to a profitable commercial industry. We have investigated how genetic ancestry testing influences and is influenced by American understandings of race, ethnicity, and identity, both in scientific studies and in commercial tests marketed to the public. We also evaluate what these studies/tests convey about human biodiversity, race, and the evolutionary history of our species. More generally, we are also interested in the ethical, legal, social, and political implications of genetic research.
Additional Research Projects
We contribute to a variety of additional research projects, partly through our collaborations with others who want to incorporate genetic or ancient DNA analyses into their research. For example, we have used ancient DNA analyses to investigate the dietary content of human paleofeces (coprolites) from the U.S. Southwest. In another project, we have investigated the evolution of color vision and the pattern of opsin (visual pigment) gene variation in nocturnal lemurs.
Ancient DNA Lab
Location: PAT 417
Phone Number: 512.232.4139
Modern DNA/Post-PCR Lab
Location: SAC 5.168
Phone Number: 512.471.2781
Lab Members
Postdoctoral Researchers
Dr. Aida Miro-Hérrans
Dr. Carrie Veilleux
Dr. Ryan Schmidt
Graduate Students
Jaime Mata-Míguez (Anthropology)
Rick Smith (Anthropology)
Lauren Springs (Anthropology)
Austin Reynolds (Ecology, Evolution and Behavior)
Sana Saboowala
Christine Ku
Samantha Archer
Former Lab Members
Dr. Jennifer Raff, Postdoctoral Researcher (2013-2015); now Assistant
Professor of Anthropology at the University of Kansas
Melissa Halverson, Graduate Student (M.A. 2006)
Olivia Starich, Undergraduate
Robert Vandevere, Undergraduate
Krystin Samms, Undergraduate
Kelly Manrriquez, Undergraduate
Mareike Janiak, Undergraduate
Kelly Chapman, Undergraduate
Maeve Cavanaugh, Undergraduate
Jenna Strawbridge, Undergraduate
Blake Kincaid, Undergraduate
Brianne Herrera, Undergraduate
Julie Perez, Undergraduate
Lab News
December 2015
- Rick Smith's paleoepigenetic research is highlighted in Nautilus magazine
November 2015
- Rick Smith and Deborah Bolnick organize two sessions on "Identity, Belonging, and the Biopolitics of DNA in Colonial Modernity" at the American Anthropological Association annual meeting
- Rick Smith, Lauren Springs, and Deborah Bolnick present at the American Anthropological Association annual meeting
- Jennifer Raff and Deborah Bolnick publish an article on "Does Mitochondrial Haplogroup X Indicate Ancient Trans-Atlantic Migration to the Americas? A Critical Re-evaluation" in Paleoamerica (Raff and Bolnick 2015)
- Ryan Schmidt joins the Bolnick Lab as a postdoctoral researcher
- Jaime Mata-Míguez is awarded the 2015-2016 Rhonda L. Andrews Memorial Award from the UT Department of Anthropology
October 2015
- Deborah Bolnick presents at the IPinCH symposium on "DNA and Indigeneity: the Changing Role of Genetics in Indigenous Rights, Tribal Belonging, and Repatration"
- Jaime Mata-Míguez's research is highlighted in the UT College of Liberal Arts Annual Impact Report (on p. 30)
- Rick Smith presents at the 2015 Texas Association of Biological Anthropologists annual meeting and wins the student prize for the best podium presentation
- Bolnick Lab hosts a genetics and STEM workshop for Hispanic high school students from Hart, TX
- Rick Smith is awarded a Wenner-Gren Dissertation Fieldwork Grant
September 2015
- Austin Reynolds is awarded a Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant from the UT EEB Graduate Program
August 2015
- Jennifer Raff begins her new position as an Assistant Professor of Anthropology at the University of Kansas
- Jennifer Raff and colleagues publish an article on "Mitochondrial Diversity of Inupiat People from the Alaskan North Slope Provides Evidence for the Origins of the Paleo- and Neo-Eskimo Peoples" in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology (Raff et al. 2015)
July 2015
- Aida Miró-Herrans and Austin Reynolds present at the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution annual meeting
- Lauren Springs presents at the Belize Archaeology and Anthropology Symposium
June 2015
- Rick Smith gives an invited talk at the Christian Scholars' Conference
- The PNAS Journal Club Blog and other media sources cover Smith et al.'s PLOS ONE article on ancient epigenetics
May 2015
- Rick Smith, Deborah Bolnick, and Cara Monroe (Washington State University) publish an article on "Detection of Cytosine Methylation in Ancient DNA from Five Native American Populations Using Bisulfite Sequencing" in PLOS ONE (Smith et al. 2015)
April 2015
- Jennifer Raff publishes a review of Nicholas Wade's A Troublesome Inheritance in Human Biology
March 2015
- Austin Reynolds, Jennifer Raff, Deborah Bolnick, and colleagues publish an article on "Ancient DNA from the Schild Site in Illinois: Implications for the Mississippian Transition in the Lower Illinois River Valley" in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology (Reynolds et al. 2015)
- Jaime Mata-Míguez, Jennifer Raff, Aida Miró-Herrans, and Deborah Bolnick present at the American Association of Physical Anthropologists (AAPA) annual meeting
- Jaime Mata-Míguez wins the Outstanding Student Poster Award from the American Association of Anthropological Genetics for his presentation at the AAPA meeting
- Rick Smith presents at the New Directions in Anthropology conference
December 2014
- Jennifer Raff and colleagues publish an article on "Comparative Analysis of the Human Saliva Microbiome from Different Climate Zones: Alaska, Germany, and Africa" in BMC Microbiology (Li et al. 2014)
November 2014
- Rick Smith is interviewed on Native American Calling as part of their episode on Epigenetics and Historical Trauma
October 2014
- Jennifer Raff presents at the Texas Archaeological Society annual meeting
- Deborah Bolnick and colleagues publish an article on "Clines Without Classes: How to Make Sense of Human Variation" in Sociological Theory (Fujimura et al. 2014)
August 2014
- Aida Miró-Herrans is awarded a NSF SBE Postdoctoral Research Fellowship
July 2014
- Jaime Mata-Míguez is interviewed about his ancient DNA research on Efervesciencia on Galician Public Radio (Spain)
June 2014
- the Bolnick Lab hosts the Summer Internship for Native Americans in Genomics at UT
- Lauren Springs and colleagues publish an article on "Murder Bottles, Grey Matter and Treasure: Results of the 2012 Field Season on St. George's Caye" in Research Reports in Belizean Archaeology (Garber et al. 2014)
May 2014
- Deborah Bolnick and colleagues publish an article on "Late Pleistocene Human Skeleton and mtDNA Links Paleoamericans and Modern Native Americans" in Science (Chatters et al. 2014)
April 2014
- Jaime Mata-Míguez, Austin Reynolds, Rick Smith, and Deborah Bolnick present at the American Association of Physical Anthropologists annual meeting
- Lauren Springs, Jaime Mata-Míguez, and Deborah Bolnick present at the Sociey for American Archaeology annual meeting
March 2014
- Jaime Mata-Míguez is awarded a NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant
February 2014
- Jennifer Raff and Deborah Bolnick publish a News and Views article in Nature on "Genetic Roots of the First Americans" (Raff and Bolnick 2014)
- Carrie Veilleux, Deborah Bolnick, and colleagues publish an article on "Opsin Genes and Visual Ecology in a Nocturnal Folivorous Lemur" in the International Journal of Primatology (Veilleux et al. 2014)
January 2014
- Aida Miró-Herrans joins the Bolnick Lab as a postdoctoral researcher
October 2013
- Jaime Mata-Míguez awarded a Wenner-Gren Dissertation Fieldwork Grant
August 2013
- Deborah Bolnick and colleagues publish an article on "Evolution of a Specific O Allele (O1vG542A) Supports Unique Ancestry of Native Americans" in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology (Villanea et al. 2013)
- Deborah Bolnick teaches at the Summer Internship for Native Americans in Genomics, held at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
June 2013
- Lauren Springs publishes an article in the Research Reports in Belizean Archaeology on "Results of the skeletal analysis for the 2011 St. George's Caye archaeological field season"
April 2013
- Rick Smith, Carrie Veilleux, and Deborah Bolnick present at the American Association of Physical Anthropologists annual meeting
March 2013
- Carrie Veilleux, Deborah Bolnick, and Edward Louis (Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo) publish an article on "Nocturnal Light Environments Influence Color Vision and Signatures of Selection on the OPN1SW Opsin Gene in Nocturnal Lemurs" in Molecular Biology and Evolution (Veilleux et al. 2013)


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Hi All
Is there any way to get current screen orientation before any form or widget created (i.e. in main.cpp after the "QApplication a(argc, argv);" line)? This is required because of the application behaves in a strange manner durring the start-up in this case: if a user clicked application icon in the portrait mode and turned the device into landscape mode, the application will still run in a portrait mode (I mean the widget sizes would be as in the portrait mode but the screen is in landscape mode, and as a result of incorrect application visualization, and this is until next orientation change).
Thanks ahead


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DatePicker component .
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Book review: 'Tier One Wild' by Dalton Fury
In Dalton Fury's "Tier One Wild" (St. Martin's Press, $25.99), Maj. Kolt "Racer" Raynor, a member of 1st Special Force Operational Detachment-Delta, or "The Unit," is on probation after his rash judgment on a previous mission. He and his team get a new assignment, dropping on a hijacked American 767 in New Delhi.
They're hoping to land and join the others in storming the plane. Unfortunately, the plane begins to roll as they're descending, and their next move is a one-of-a-kind maneuver. This is just the opener.
The next assignment is in Libya, trying to save a United Nations employee who discovers a large number of the newest shoulder-fire missiles have disappeared. David Wade Doyle, an American trained as a jihadist and on the U.S. most wanted list, has purchased the missiles.
Doyle is in Yemen, training English-speaking terrorists on how to use the missiles. Their plan is to smuggle the weapons into America and start shooting down commercial airliners. Doyle has a more sinister plan for his missile.
It's action from start to finish with real insight into Delta from someone who's been there.
— John Harrington


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Microsoft to launch new search tool. According to CBS MarketWatch, the new application will be launched as a beta, and "allow users to search for files and information across their PCs, in e-mails, on the Internet and from other sources." See also Google Readies Launch of New Desktop Search Tool.
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