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Senior Member
Last Activity: 23rd May 2016 07:31 AM
About Me
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Post Summary
Some kind soul could please explain me what does this mean: Conform SGS2 SD cards to AOSP standard (2/3) (android_device_samsung_galaxys2) I already read the details but I'm to stupid to understand what exactly this change means. Sent fr...
Just edit the updater-script and remove the checks. AS LONG AS YOU KNOW YOU ARE FLASHING THE RIGHT PACKAGE ON THE RIGHT DEVICE, you will be fine. Otherwise, you'll probably get a soft brick. Worked fine for me with CWM and Franco. QUICK TUTE: 1. ...
Requested dumps from GT-i9100T (should be the same as i777, they are both Exynos)
You are correct my friend. All SGS2's are the same hardware, they use a penta-band radio which covers all frequency bands worldwide (850,900,1800,1900,2100) and the modem.bin controls which bands are enabled and disabled for power saving and opera...
Anyone? Bump Busybox is part of CF root. If you change the screen off profile in setCPU you may notice some weirdness on the lockscreen. Music widget might not work properly and the screen drag unlock may be a little unresponsive. Just ex...


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1 Park near Ravenna, Michigan
Coopersville, Michigan 9.65 miles S
Muskegon, Michigan 14.84 miles NW
Allendale, Michigan 16.02 miles S
Grand Haven, Michigan 16.32 miles SW
Ravenna, Michigan (map) |
Sites: 40+ | Latest Rate: $28.00 | 1 Reviews
|Clean Restrooms:
|Clean Showers:
Aug 2007 - $28.00
We stayed here while going to Michigan Adventure which is approx 20 min away. The campground was very clean had just been taken over by new owners that season. There is a play ground for younger kids and a very nice pool. The camp store didn't have a whole lot but I'm sure it was just a start for them. The sites are the biggest I have ever seen, I'm not sure of the exact size but there was a lot of room. There was a golf course right down the road that looked very nice as well. - inkd4life

subset: commoncrawl


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hi everyone,
i commented on the plugin author's blog and then emailed him, but to no reply, so hopefully one of you knows more about plugin development than i do and can help me with my problem.
i think the plugin's great APART from one thing: it only fades when you move the cursor over it. I can see why it's like that, for allowing links to be clicked, but i think it will really confuse some of my readers if tooltips start appearing with no obvious way to make them go away.
so what I'm asking is: does anyone know a way of setting some sort of timeout to the tooltip, so it fades away after, say, 3 seconds?
I'd be very very very grateful
thanks in advance


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Global congruence of carbon storage and biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems
Version of Record online: 17 DEC 2009
DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2009.00092.x
©2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conservation Letters
Volume 3, Issue 2, pages 98–105, April 2010
Additional Information
How to Cite
Strassburg, B. B.N., Kelly, A., Balmford, A., Davies, R. G., Gibbs, H. K., Lovett, A., Miles, L., Orme, C. D. L., Price, J., Turner, R. K. and Rodrigues, A. S.L. (2010), Global congruence of carbon storage and biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems. Conservation Letters, 3: 98–105. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2009.00092.x
Publication History
- Issue online: 20 APR 2010
- Version of Record online: 17 DEC 2009
- Received: 9 September 2009; accepted 2 November 2009.
- Biodiversity;
- climate change;
- deforestation;
- cobenefits;
- biological conservation;
- carbon stocks;
- ecosystem services
Deforestation is a main driver of climate change and biodiversity loss. An incentive mechanism to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) is being negotiated under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Here we use the best available global data sets on terrestrial biodiversity and carbon storage to map and investigate potential synergies between carbon and biodiversity-oriented conservation. A strong association (rS= 0.82) between carbon stocks and species richness suggests that such synergies would be high, but unevenly distributed. Many areas of high value for biodiversity could be protected by carbon-based conservation, while others could benefit from complementary funding arising from their carbon content. Some high-biodiversity regions, however, would not benefit from carbon-focused conservation, and could become under increased pressure if REDD is implemented. Our results suggest that additional gains for biodiversity conservation are possible, without compromising the effectiveness for climate change mitigation, if REDD takes biodiversity distribution into account.


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Simon Stephens
Adapted by
Simon Stephens is an Associate Artist of the Lyric Hammersmith.
At the National: The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time, Sea Wall, Port, Harper Regan, On the Shore of the Wide World
Plays include: Christmas, One Minute, Birdland, Wastwater, Motortown, Country Music, Herons, Bluebird, Blindsided, Sea Wall, Three Kingdoms, A Thousand Stars Explode in the Sky, Marine Parade, The Trial of Ubu, T5 and Heaven, Punk Rock, Pornography, Carmen Disruption. Adaptations include: The Cherry Orchard, A Doll's House, I Am the Wind
Cargese, Dive, Pornography
Digging, Five Letters Home to Elizabeth
The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time – Olivier Award for Best New Play; Tony Award for Best Play
On the Shore of the Wide World – Olivier Award for Best New Play


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|MRI Scan of the Brain
|Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.
Hereditary Disease Foundation http://www.hdfoundation.org
Huntington Disease Society of America http://www.hdsa.org
Health Canada http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca
Huntington Society of Canada http://www.huntingtonsociety.ca
A physician's guide to the management of Huntington's disease. Huntington's Disease Society of America website. Available at: http://hdsa.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/PhysiciansGuide%5F3rd-Edition.pdf. Accessed September 30, 2014.
Fast facts about HD. Huntington's Disease Society of America website. Available at: http://hdsa.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/HDSA%5FFast-Facts.pdf?23ef42. Accessed September 30, 2014.
Frank S, Jankovic J. Advances in the pharmacological management of Huntington's disease. Drugs. 2010;70(5):561-571.
Huntington disease. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed. Updated August 11, 2014. Accessed September 30, 2014.
Mestre T, Ferreira J, Coelho MM, et al. Therapeutic interventions for symptomatic treatment in Huntington's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;8(3):CD006456.
NINDS Huntington's disease information page. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke website. Available at: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/huntington/huntington.htm. Updated April 16, 2014. Accessed September 30, 2014.
Paulsen JS, Hoth KF, Nehl C, Stierman L. Critical periods of suicide risk in Huntington's disease. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;163(4):725-731.
9/3/2014 DynaMed's Systematic Literature Surveillance. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed: Wippold FJ, Brown DC, Broderick DF, et al. American College of Radiology (ACR) Appropriateness Criteria for dementia and movement disorders. Available at: http://www.acr.org/~/media/ACR/Documents/AppCriteria/Diagnostic/DementiaAndMovementDisorders.pdf. Updated 2014. Accessed September 30, 2014.


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Forest Lake RV & Camping Resort
192 Thousand Trails Dr Advance, NC 27006 Get Directions
- Number of Sites: 283
- Open/Close: 01/01 - 12/31
Don't Miss OurSpecial OffersView Specials >
Check Rates or Reserve Now
Extended Stays
Please call 877-570-2267 now for special pricing on stays longer than 35 days.
An Advance, NC RV campground along the banks of the Yadkin River
Forest Lake RV Camping is nestled on 306 acres of prime recreational land along the banks of the Yadkin River. You'll see much wildlife at our Advance, NC RV campground including deer, turkey, squirrel, many species of hawk, and lots of game fish including bass, catfish, crappie and bluegill. All RV sites have full hook-ups and there are 18 cozy cabins for rent.
Many miles of trails are accessible from this Thousand Trails Advance, NC RV campground for hiking, biking and horseback riding and golf carting. Close to Forest Lake RV Camping, the town of Lexington is home to one of the South's largest food festivals, the Lexington Barbecue Festival, enjoyed by over 100,000 folks in late October.
Whether you want a quiet weekend by the campfire or a vacation jam-packed with local attractions, Forest Lake RV Camping is ready and waiting.
- Clubhouse
- Bike Trails
- Swimming Pool
- Whirlpool/Spa/Hot Tub
- Fishing
- Creek / Lake / Canal / River or Ocean Frontage
- RV Storage
- Pets Welcome
- Restaurant
- Store
- Nature / Hiking Trails
- Mini Golf
- Restroom/Shower Facilities
- Laundry Facilities
- Picnic/BBQ Area
- Volleyball
- Basketball
- Horseshoes
- Tennis Courts
- Ballroom/Banquet Hall
- Billiards/Game Room
- Library
- Pickleball
- Dog Park
- Horse Trails
- WiFi $$


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Add a regal touch to your Disney Princess favors with a Frozen Personalized Luggage Tag. This Princess Elsa and Anna bag tag features a castle surrounded by flowers and snow. Complete your princess favors with a custom bag label.
Hints: Your text will automatically align in the Preview when typing, use the Enter key to create a new line.
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By Poti
from New Jersey
Comments about ... Frozen Personalized Luggage Tag (Each):
Everybody like it, I felt so happy when the girls smile when they see it, personalize, they felt special
Bottom LineYes, I would recommend this to a friend
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A vehicle has hit a restaurant in New Bern.
Officials say a vehicle plowed into the Pizza Hut on Glenburnie Road and U.S. 70.
Reports indicate no one needed medical treatment.
A Pizza Hut employee told WITN everyone was away from the dining area when it happened.
There's no word yet what caused the vehicle to hit the building.


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Where (1) the landowners' appraiser used properties in his comparable-sales assessment that were not sufficiently similar to the subject property and (2) the landowners did not establish that the subject property was unbuildable, nor address the issue of whether the ...Read More »
Appellate Tax Board
Feed Subscription
Taxation – Real estate
Where commercial property in Newton was overvalued for fiscal year 2011 but not for 2012, an abatement in the amount of $7,184.18 must be ordered. "The subject property is located in the northwestern corner of the City of Newton, within ...Read More »
Taxation – Office facility – Communications tower
Where Billerica land improved with an office facility and a communications tower was valued at $34,785,000 for fiscal year 2010, $33,414,100 for FY 2011 and $32,946,000 for 2012, the landowner is entitled to a tax abatement because the fair cash ...Read More »
Taxation – Corporate excise – Manufacturing
Where a biotechnology company has requested a corporate excise abatement, that request must be denied because the company has been substantially engaged in manufacturing. "… Massachusetts requires corporations which are substantially engaged in manufacturing to apportion their income using a ...Read More »
Taxation – Real estate – Fire
Where the Worcester assessors valued at $205,600 the land on which a dwelling stood that had been destroyed by fire, the landowner has not shown any overvaluation. "… During November of 2010, a fire destroyed the dwelling that had been ...Read More »
Taxation – Real property – Comparables
Where a Sherborn landowner submitted sales comparisons to his waterfront estate-type property without making any adjustments to the sale prices to accommodate for significant differences, he did not prove an overvaluation. "On the basis of all of the evidence and ...Read More »
Taxation – Cemetery
Where a landowner sought a real estate tax abatement, the request must be allowed pursuant to a statutory exemption for cemeteries. "On July 1, 2011, the relevant qualification date for the fiscal year at issue, the appellant, West Beit Olam ...Read More »
Taxation – Income – Appeal – Time limit
Where the Commissioner of Revenue denied a personal income tax abatement application, the taxpayers' appeal must be dismissed as untimely. "In the present appeal, the appellants had until June 5, 2009 to file their Petition with the [Appellate Tax] Board. ...Read More »
Taxation – Real estate – Comparables
Where (1) most of the properties the landowners presented for comparison with their waterfront property were not waterfront and (2) the landowners did not adjust their comparison of two larger waterfront properties, they failed to sustain their burden of demonstrating ...Read More »
Taxation – Office building
Where an office building in Quincy was overvalued by $2,635,400 for fiscal year 2011 and by $2,043,500 for FY 2012, the building owner is entitled to tax abatements in the amount of $74,129.85 for 2011 and $59,152.38 for 2012. "The ...Read More »


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Respond to Review of Beetroot Stories Cafe
by ursulargh
Review: I have been here several times and will continue going back. All food I have tried here (vegan) has been really nice, the quality of fruit/veg they use is evident. They make a great fruit shake which is a good size too.
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According to Moonphase Diary, an anime of Haga Yui's fantasy-comedy manga series, 「Lotte no Omocha!」, has been green-lit for production. The news was originally announced in the latest issue of Dengeki Maoh magazine.
「Lotte no Omocha!」 has been serialized in Dengeki Maoh magazine since August, 2007. It currently has 4 volumes to date.
Synopsis: (*courtesy of Manga-Updates)
In the medieval fantasy world of Alfheimr, succubus princess Astrarotte Ygvar, the first princess of the kingdom of Ygvar, has just reached the age of 10. For the coming years of a young succubus' life, it is necessary for them to have a male harem. In order to maintain their body and preserve their beautiful appearance, they must consume a substance only found on males. This substance is a liquid called "Sauzfryma", better known as semen. The princess, however, bears a great dislike against men, and only agrees to create a harem if a human male is to join.
In the human world Midgar, young father Touhara Naoya was greeted by a suspicious lady one day, claiming that she is a fortune teller. She also claims that she can help him find the "perfect job" fitted for him. Even though it seems suspicious, he accepts the free consultation in order to support himself and his young daughter. After meeting in the park with the suspicious lady a day later, he suddenly found himself in Alfheimr, a medieval fantasy realm located on a different world. The mysterious lady uncloaks her true identity as the Head Chamberlain of the kingdom of Ygvarland. He was then lead to the palace of Ygvarland, and there, the "job" he accepted was finally revealed; he was to become a human candidate for princess Astrarotte's harem.


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Key things you need to know aboutDr. Trimble IV:
Dr. Trimble IV's Experience
Research training, expertise and qualifications
Dr. Trimble IV's Specialties
- Chiropractic
Conditions Dr. Trimble IV Treats
- Back Injuries
More About Dr. Trimble IV's Background
Patient Satisfaction
Patients' feedback on their experience with Dr. Trimble IV
Likelihood of recommending Dr. Trimble IV to family and friends is 2.3 out of 5 5 1 3
See More Survey Results
8 Facts About Patient Satisfaction Surveys
Patient satisfaction surveys provide a standardized way of reporting about healthcare experiences. But there can be more than meets the eye when reviewing scores. Here's what you should know
Appointments & Offices
Check insurance plans, locations and make an appointment
Accepting new patients?
- Yes
- 4014 Long Beach Blvd Ste 100
- Long Beach, CA 90807
- (562) 426-4900
- Directions
7 Tips to Prepare for Your Appointment
The key to a successful appointment is communication. To get the most out of your visit, prepare ahead of time so you can lead the conversation with your doctor. These 7 tips will get you ready
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WASHINGTON, Feb. 18, 2009—The U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) today announced that Timothy Powers, Chief of Transportation and Logistics for USDA's food assistance programs, has volunteered to serve a one-year assignment in Afghanistan to help rebuild that country's agricultural sector.
"The efforts of people like Tim are crucial for creating stable, democratic, and economically viable societies in countries like Afghanistan and Iraq," said Suzanne Hale, FAS Acting Administrator. "Whether their expertise is in forestry, soil and water conservation, food safety, agricultural extension and policy, or veterinary services, volunteers like Tim are needed to contribute their specialized skills to help farmers, citizens, and national and provincial government leaders of these two countries."
Born in Germany and raised in Tennessee, Powers and his family live in Stafford County, Virginia. He has been a USDA employee since 1986.
In 2003, three USDA employees were among the first civilians to offer their technical expertise as agricultural advisors serving on Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs) in Afghanistan. Since then, approximately 40 advisors have been deployed. PRT advisors work on a variety of projects depending on the needs of the province. All projects are aimed at helping Afghanistan reconstruct the physical and institutional infrastructure of its agricultural sector.
Powers will serve as the USDA PRT liaison officer in Kabul where he will coordinate the work of other USDA PRT agricultural advisors around the country, traveling to each PRT as needed with military personnel.
In Afghanistan, PRTs are led by the U.S. Department of Defense and are typically composed of about 50-100 military personnel and several civilians. The PRT agricultural advisor is one of only a few civilians on the PRT; the others usually being U.S. Department of State representatives and U.S. Agency for International Development field program officers.
In addition to PRTs, USDA has many activities and programs aimed at strengthening the capacity of the Afghan government, rebuilding agricultural markets, and improving management of natural resources. For example, ongoing USDA technical assistance has led to the planting of more than five million trees on Afghanistan's devastated landscape, construction of agricultural extension centers in half of Afghanistan's provinces, the training of key Afghan agricultural officials, and the initiation of a national system to detect and control animal disease.
Programs such as USDA's Cochran Fellowship Program, the Norman E. Borlaug International Agricultural Science and Technology Fellows Program, and the Faculty Exchange Program have brought more than 40 Afghans to the United States for short-term specialized training. These public and private sector policymakers, scientists, and academics have upgraded their technical skills in a wide range of topics from developing market-driven food systems and increasing trade links with U.S. agribusinesses to collaborating with U.S. faculty and scientists in animal health, post-harvest processing, and plant protection.
USDA also uses the Food for Progress (FFP) and the McGovern-Dole International Food for Education and Child Nutrition (McGovern-Dole) Programs to provide food assistance to Afghanistan. The FFP improves nutrition and supports agricultural and economic development projects in developing countries that are emerging democracies and are introducing or expanding free enterprise in their agricultural sectors. The McGovern-Dole program helps promote education, child development, and food security in low-income, food-deficit countries that are committed to universal education. The program provides donations of U.S. agricultural products, as well as financial and technical assistance, for school feeding and maternal and child nutrition projects. The value of food aid given since 2003 is $216.7 million.
For more information about volunteering to serve on a PRT, please go to http://www.fas.usda.gov/icd/iraq/detailops_04-07.asp General information about USDA's programs and activities in Afghanistan can be found at http://www.fas.usda.gov/icd/drd/afghanistan.asp
Contact: Linda Habenstreit (202) 720-9442


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|Login register | 繁 | 简 | En | help | contact us | delivery country : USA
(72 reviews)
|product name: Laura Mercier FLAWLESS FACE
Loose setting powder(translucent) (29g)
|item no.: 105461403001
|brand: Laura Mercier
|ative from: 2011-11-23 00:00:00
|product size: 29 g
|function: All Skin TypeNaturalPore MinimizingOil ControlConcealing
|category: Loose Powder
Laura Mercier Loose Setting Powder is an extremely lightweight, sheer and silky setting powder that contains the finest French "cashmere" talc and a unique light-reflecting ingredient that creates a "soft-focus" appearance for fine lines and imperfections. The makeup will last longer without a dull looking.
After apply the liquid foundation, evenly pat loose powder over face.
normal skin


text:
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All Comments (20)
whats the name of the brunette?
awesome fucked que rico mami dale duro a la zorrona
I fukin' love german porn
blond girls always have more fun ;)
pl translate the conversation that is in Germany for us to follow suit.
I am interested in the building at the beginning of this film . It is an architectural master piece and I need a copy , these blonds are beautiful
who is the brunette?
This biz will thrive in africa only if the hiv & aids are eliminated.cos the unemployment & the myriads of youths here is too much. what are the ladies names?
forget about blondie, the brunette steals the show! and the way she rides that cock!
i like the part when they are fucking...
what are their names the two girls?
LOL Ridiculous.
1ove german prn 2 they are dirty peop1e i hope bondie is cheating n the groom need subtit1es
these blondies knows that once u sign the marriage register u hv signed your power of attorney to hv sex as much as u want.
does it mean sex is an "icing" on the "wedding" cake?
Lovely dp action on blondie!
Whats the darkhaired girls name? She is absolutely stunning.
What movie is this? Who are these men?
For Her...Only Two Will Do


text:
Robotics team excels in statewide competition
Published: Sunday, September 19, 2010 at 11:57 p.m.
Last Modified: Monday, September 20, 2010 at 12:00 a.m.
The Cornerstone Academy Robotics team competed at the Florida Technology Association State Competition in Orlando in April. Of the five events entered, the team placed first in Electronics Research category and Experimentation and Engineering Design. The team made the finals in the Systems Control Technology, Music Production, and CAD, Engineering with Animation categories.
Team members include: David Shepard, David Sorrels, Brad King, Greg Spencer and David Spencer.
The team traveled to Baltimore in July for the National Technology Student Association Conference, where they placed first in the Electronics Research and Experimentation competition.
■ ■ ■
Lorelei Chamberlain, 13, a student at St. Patrick's Interparish School, earned a bronze medal at the Junior Olympics USA Taekwondo competition.
She is classified as a green belt and trains at Pro Taekwondo School in Gainesville. Lorelei was the lone representative from Pro Taekwondo among the 4,000 people attending the competition.
Lorelei is the daughter of James Chamberlain of Gainesville.
■ ■ ■
Robert Elmer Green, 92, who passed on Aug. 24 at Haven Hospice Tri-Counties Care Center in Chiefland, was honored July 3 by the center in conjunction with the U.S. Marine Corps for his military service during World War II.
Green served in the Army Air Forces from 1942 to 1946 as a radioman aboard a B-29 bomber based in Okinawa, Japan.
Robert Lowyns of the Veterans Service Office of Levy County presented Green with the certificate, a red, white and blue afghan, and an American flag pin.
In July, Green and his wife, Martha Dell Barker Green, celebrated their 68th wedding anniversary.
■ ■ ■
Gainesville attorney Rod Smith, running mate of Florida gubernatorial candidate Alex Sink and an attorney for Avera & Smith, was one of seven Florida lawyers appointed to the Florida Innocence Commission. Smith's two-year term runs through June 30, 2012.
■ ■ ■
Angela DeCarlis of Hawthorne, a student at Gainesville High School, was awarded a scholarship to attend The Marie Walsh Sharpe Art Foundation 2010 Summer Seminar program.
The two-week national seminar on the campus of The Colorado College in Colorado Springs, Colo., offers an intensive visual art program for gifted high school students.
■ ■ ■
Dr. Kim Kazimour, a psychologist with Alachua County Public Schools, was recently honored as the Community Advocate of the Year by the Guardian ad Litem program for the 8th Judicial Circuit.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


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• Property-damage accident
• 8:28 a.m. Saturday — Yandes and King streets
• Johnson County
• Property-damage accident
• 9:46 p.m. Sunday — County Road 250S and County Road 510E
• Jail bookings
• The following people recently were arrested and booked into the Johnson County jail:
• Christopher Aaron Bradley, 33, 991 Youngs Creek Drive, Franklin; arrested on a warrant for failure to appear on court; held without bond.
• Richard Leroy Meeks, 29, 315 Woodlawn Ave., Apt. 1, O'Fallen, Mo.; arrested on a charge of sexual misconduct with a minor; held on $20,000 bond.
• Ralph E. Bailey, 45, 76 Schoolhouse Road, Franklin; arrested on a Marion County warrant; held without bond.
• Gurinderjit Singh, 23, 615 Legacy Blvd., Greenwood; arrested on charges of battery, criminal recklessness and criminal mischief; held on $14,000 bond.
• Christian Nicole Norris-Perez, 34, 2784 S. Old U.S. 31, Franklin; arrested on a charge of unlawfully carrying a handgun; released on $1,000 bond.
• Phillip Steven Tracy, 25, 5936 Lakeview Drive, Indianapolis; arrested on a charge of dealing in a Schedule I, II or III controlled substance; held on $40,000 bond.
• Stephanie Marie Mallette, 21, 5936 Lakeview Drive, Apt. B, Indianapolis;
• arrested on a charge of aiding, inducing or causing an offense; held on $40,000 bond.
• Garrett Michael Maxwell Bunce, 22, 5480 State Road 144, Greenwood; arrested on a charge of probation revocation; held without bond.
• The following person was recently arrested on a charge of driving while intoxicated and booked into jail:
• Perry Martin, 55, 1380 Norton Drive, Greenwood; held on $1,000 bond.
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text:
The Media Specialist is responsible for scheduling the correct commercials with the appropriate order and for maintaining the inventory of all commercial material.
This is an exciting opportunity for someone just starting off their Information Technology career. We are looking for a talented go-getter who likes a challenge. You will work first hand with industry leaders, and be a key component to making TV news come to life through broadcast operations.
KKTV 11 News is looking for a Full-Time News Promotions Producer that will approach the job with enthusiasm, pride and a sense of teamwork.
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text:
HAMILTON, Bermuda (AP) — Antwaun Russell and Nahki Wells scored to lead Bermuda to a 2-1 victory over Trinidad & Tobago in a World Cup qualifier on Friday.
Bermuda's first win in the qualifiers put a serious dent in Trinidad's World Cup hopes.
Kevin Molino scored for Trinidad, which could not come up with a tying goal during a hectic finish.


text:
Liverpool Message Board
Woys biggest fan ! Woys biggest fan ! Oct 16, 2010 14:24 Flag
Bottom line .
I think its time to set out our stall & state our objectives loud & clear for the boardroom to hear .
The managerial base line has to be 76 points & two semi final places .
Players should be fined accordingly for failing to achieve those objectives & rewarded accordingly the more they exceed those objectives .
We want or need no more spice boys , we want & need men with a pride in performance & will to win .
On top of that the manager has to play football we enjoy watching with the quality of players we admire .
We arent Malmo or Fulham & equally we shouldn't demand a league per season all I ask is that we are genuinely challenging in every competition we enter .
For a club the size of Liverpool in reality 76 points MINIMUM isn't a lot for us fans to ask , therefore to avoid the managers job being placed under review by the board 76 points should be the line of safety not a specific league position .
If that gets us top 4 well & good if it doesn't so be it .
Some seasons we will exceed that mark & some seasons just scrape enough to achieve it because of cup runs but for me it is an honest , realistic & fair target .
What say you ?
Yay or ney ?Sort: Newest | Oldest | Most Replied Expand all replies
Woys biggest fan ! Woys biggest fan ! Oct 16, 2010 14:43 Flag
If the players & staff faced a fine of a 25 percent loss of wages or hefty bonus after every 12 or 13 league games you would soon see an end to the excuse culture that is rampant & poisoning our club .
- 1 Reply to Woys biggest fan !
Not being funny mate and not saying that I disagree with you but I do think we might find players not wanting to sign for us or signing contract extensions as I doubt many teams employ this sort of bonus/penalty structure.
It all depends on getting the "mediocrity" out of the team, or deadwood if you would want to call it that, first the team has to string together a few wins before they can even think about reaching even 70 points let alone 76, right now in the league NO team fears liverpool...
Woys biggest fan ! Woys biggest fan ! Oct 17, 2010 02:01 Flag
Yea we all realize things aren't perfect Raaj but its the criteria for considering success for a manager I'm posting about not the supposed lack of quality in the squad & I think my suggestion of the principle of frequent punishment/reward would soon bind them as a unit .
76 points is not beyond this squad .
The question is if 76 points are attainable with this Manager at the helm .
Actually i'm sitting on a desk chair, the couch is too low for the PC desk.
Actually I am offering a conclicting opinion, you think it will work, I don't. Can you not grasp that they are opposites?
So your not going to answer my question regarding potential employers then?
Woys biggest fan ! Woys biggest fan ! Oct 17, 2010 02:24 Flag
I didnt see any question about potential employers but if its about players not coming to the club ?
Personally I wouldnt want to play for Hodgson no matter what money I was offered & the other side of that is I would walk 1000 miles & pay to play for Kenny Dalglish & Ian Rush .
The question is how much is enough ?
Players like G , Torres , Reina & Alonso all could of moved for more money at one time or another but all wanted to play for the club because they understand the concept of being Legends as did Rafa .
Those are the quality of player we want at the club & who will naturally gravitate toward signing for us as long as we aren't making them claim income support when we dock their wages for failing to meet a target .
Anyone that isnt 100 percent on board we dont want or need .
Ok, my fault, it was more of a statement and i didn't end it with a ? but here it is again:
"If you had two offers on the table from two potential employers, one saying we will pay you a basic wage regardless of your performance and one saying if you don't perform as expected you wil be fined you're going to go for the first one."
Look mate, i'm not trying to have a slanging match from you, you don't know me, I don't know you. Like I said I actually think it is a good idea but I just don't think it is feasble as it could scare of potential players we want to sign.
"Anyone that isnt 100 percent on board we dont want or need ."
Yes that is a statement I agree. Anybody who doesn't want to play for the shirt and give 100% every time they pull it on can feck right off!
Woys biggest fan ! Woys biggest fan ! Oct 17, 2010 03:07 Flag
You are a bag of contradictions .
You have just agreed with me & disagreed with me while re posting a question I have already addressed when I said I wouldn't sign for Hodgson for any money but would pay to play for Kenny .
You then said you wouldn't sign for LFC & would sign for the bigger money offer but then said you don't want anyone that wouldn't play for the shirt .
You are right I don't know you but I do know hypocrisy when I see it .
Ok...my statement never mentioned Liverpool, it just said potential employer. That's any employer.
Yes I said I don't want any player that is only coming to play for us for the money, but no player is going to sign for us if he is told that his wages will be docked if we lose a game, or 13 games, it doesn't matter how many games. No player will sign if he is told he is going to lose any of his wages. They have a basic wage plus bonuses. Any player is going to want the guarantee of his basic wage.
I never said I would or wouldn't sign for LFC. See the paragraph above, LFC is never mentioned.
Why can't you grasp the fact that I am agreeing this is a good idea but not a feasable one? The majority of football players are salary mercanaries these days and will not tolerate their being told their wages will be docked. Sad I know but that's the way it is.
Woys biggest fan ! Woys biggest fan ! Oct 17, 2010 04:23 Flag
You are now flogging a dead horse & mindlessly repeating yourself .
What you said is there on the board in its context for all to see .
Yes you are spot on, I do keep repeating myself. It seems I have to because you just can't grasp the fact that I do agree with you but it sadly isn't feasble.
And yes it is there for the whole board to see that you can't get that into your head.
- View More Messages


text:
|Numéro de publication
|Type de publication
|Numéro de demande
|Date de publication
|16 avr. 2002
|Date de dépôt
|17 févr. 1998
|Date de priorité
|18 févr. 1997
|État de paiement des frais
|Autre référence de publication
|Numéro de publication
|Dinei Afonso Ferreira Florencio, Iraj Sodagar
|Cessionnaire d'origine
|Sarnoff Corporation, Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha
|Exporter la citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citations de brevets (17), Citations hors brevets (1), Référencé par (40), Classifications (34), Événements juridiques (5)
|Liens externes: USPTO, Cession USPTO, Espacenet
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/038,846 filed Feb. 18, 1997, which is herein incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for reducing blocking and ringing artifacts associated with coding of images or video frames. More particularly, this invention relates to a method and apparatus that recovers or adjusts quantized coefficients by using a nonlinear scheme.
Quantization is a well known process where the coefficients are quantized by a quantization scale or level (quantizer). Namely, the process of quantization reduces the accuracy with which the coefficients are represented by dividing the coefficients by a set of values (quantization scales or levels) with appropriate rounding to form integer values. This quantization process is generally known as uniform quantization. Alternatively, quantization can be implemented as non-uniform quantization, where a bin (a range of mapped values) varies with the input signal. However, the process of quantization (uniform or non-uniform) is lossy. Namely, after a coefficient has been quantized, a decoder (without the benefit of additional information) would not be able to recover the original coefficient values.
Furthermore, quantization is frequently employed in coding/decoding applications, e.g., video encoders and video decoders. The significant saving in encoded bits resulting from the quantization process is an important factor for codec applications. In addition, adjusting the quantization level for a frame or picture is a popular method of controlling the number of bits generated by an encoder (generally referred to as "rate control").
However, since the quantization process is lossy, it contributes to the blocking and ringing artifacts exhibited by decoded images. Some of these effects often can be traced to the quantization of the coefficients produced by a transform operation. Furthermore, since many transforms are designed to be orthogonal, there is no linear correlation among the coefficients to aid in the recovery of the coefficients by linear methods.
Therefore, a need exists in the art for a method and apparatus for recovering quantized coefficients.
The present invention is a method and apparatus for recovering or adjusting quantized coefficients by using a nonlinear method. A forward transform is employed to adjust the quantized coefficients after post inverse quantization and inverse transform operations are performed.
More specifically, the quantized coefficients are initially transformed into pixel values using complementary inverse quantization and transform operations. However, due to the lossy process of quantization, the resulting decoded pixel values are not the identical original pixel values prior to undergoing the encoding and decoding process. To more accurately recover the original pixel values, the decoded pixel values are adjusted using a forward or direct transform that is equivalent to the forward transform that was used in the encoder to encode the original signal. The method divides the decoded pixel values into a plurality of blocks, where each block is, in turn, divided into a plurality of subblocks. Coefficient corrections or adjustments which are derived from a fitting function, (e.g., the difference between a median and a certain expected value, like "0" for motion compensated blocks) calculated for the subblocks, are applied to the transform to produce transform coefficients. These transform coefficients are then compared with the quantization step employed by the encoding process to determine whether the coefficient corrections should be used to adjust the decoded pixel values.
The teachings of the present invention can be readily understood by considering the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a simplified structure of a conventional encoder;
FIG. 2 illustrates a flowchart of a specific method for recovering quantized coefficients using a Haar transform;
FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of the basic structure of a decoder implementing the present invention;
FIG. 4 illustrates a decoding system of the present invention; and
FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of a method for recovering quantized coefficients.
To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate identical elements that are common to the figures.
FIG. 1 depicts a block diagram of a simplified structure of a video encoder 100, e.g., an MPEG encoder, for encoding an input image or frame (e.g., within an image sequence) on path 105 to produce a bitstream. Although an MPEG-like encoder with motion estimation/compensation is used below to illustrate the present invention, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to such an encoder.
The input image is typically a pixelated (digitized) photographic image as can be produced from an image scanner or a computer graphics system. However, the input image can also be a frame within a series of frames of video images or a motion compensated residual frame produced by a video encoding system. In general, the present invention processes any form of digitized image or portion thereof. The encoder 100 is designed to perform temporal redundancy reduction (e.g., motion compensation), which is followed by spatial redundancy reduction (e.g., discrete cosine transform or wavelet transform).
More specifically, motion compensation/estimation section 110 constructs a motion compensated prediction (predicted image). This predicted image is subtracted from the input video image to form an error signal (e) or motion compensated residual (residual image) on path 115. It should be noted that encoders are permitted to encode an input image using different coding modes, e.g., inter mode coding and intra mode coding are two broad classifications. As such, the input image to the transform section 120 on path 115 can be the original input image from path 105 (e.g., using an intra coding mode), a motion compensated residual (e.g., using an inter coding), or any modified image that is representative of the original input image. Namely, for the purpose of the discussion below and the interpretation of the claims, a "transform input image" is an image on path 115, which serves as an input signal to the transform section 120.
Returning to FIG. 1, the residual (transform input image) is then transformed and quantized by the transform section 120 and the quantizer section 130 respectively. The resulting quantized coefficients are forwarded on path 135 to an entropy encoder which may incorporate various entropy coding methods, e.g., variable length and/or run-length coding. The transform section 120 may incorporate various transforms, including but not limited to, Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) or wavelet transform (otherwise known as hierarchical subband decomposition). As such, although the present invention is described below with reference to a Haar wavelet transform, the present invention is not so limited.
Typically, the motion compensated residual is composed mostly of zeros or small values (the regions where motion compensation was effective) and a few pixels/regions with high values. When applying the wavelet transform, the high values may spread over the "zero" regions, thereby giving origin to artifacts normally known as ringing (and for short filters, blocking). If the quantization step is small, this distortion is negligible. However, if the quantization step is large, then the artifacts may significantly reduce the quality of the decoded signal.
Furthermore, although not shown, those skilled in the art will realize that the encoder 100 may incorporate additional sections such as an inverse quantization section, an inverse transform section and/or an output buffer.
FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of a method 500 for recovering quantized coefficients by exploiting the non-linear correlations between the coefficients. Although most transforms are designed to produce coefficients that are devoid of linear correlations, non-linear correlations often exist which are available for refining the recovery or adjustment of the coefficients after an inverse transform operation.
In the preferred embodiment, the method for recovering the quantized coefficients is implemented in a decoder, e.g., a video decoder. However, the novel method can be implemented in other systems or applications where there is a need to recover quantized transform coefficients. Of particular interest is the case where the method is incorporated in both encoder and decoder. In this case, the adjustment can be incorporated into the reference images used for motion compensation.
The recovering method described herein is based on having one or more assumptions that describe the signal. In most cases, this will mean describing a single block or region of the image. For example, reasonable classes for an intra coded frame may include an "edge block", a "flat region block", a "texture block", a "slanted plane block", and so on. For motion compensated blocks (i.e., inter coded blocks), a good assumption is that "most of the samples in the block are zero".
More specifically, linear transforms are premised that a signal is based around a value zero. Namely, the signal is centered around a value zero in terms of the mean or the average of the samples from the signal. However, this general perception of a signal is not entirely accurate. Instead, a more accurate perception is that the median of the signal is around the value zero. Using this new premise, FIG. 5 is described below for recovering quantized coefficients by exploiting the non-linear correlations between the coefficients.
More specifically, method 500 starts in step 510, where an encoded signal is received, e.g., from a communication channel, and is decoded by a decoder such as shown in FIG. 3 below. The decoder may decode a block, a region or a frame of the encoded signal. The particular unit of the encoded signal that is decoded is often dictated by the decoder, e.g., an MPEG compliant decoder often decodes one macroblock at a time. For the purpose of illustration, the method 500 for recovering quantized coefficients is described using "blocks" of the encoded image signal. Thus, depending on the block size, step 510 may include the step of dividing a decoded image into blocks, if necessary. Depending on the decoding method, after a whole frame is decoded, there is no need for decoding specific blocks again.
It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to any particular block size. However, the block size is selected to match the block size of the transform used in the encoder (e.g., 120 as shown in FIG. 1), i.e., in accordance with the basis function of the transform.
The decoding step 510 reverses the encoding process of the encoder to generate pixels (pixel values) that represent the original image signal. Since the quantization process employed in the encoder is lossy, the pixels generated by the decoding step 510 is an approximation of the original pixel values. Other information associated with the encoded image signal is also decoded by the decoding step 510, e.g., header information including the quantizer or quantization matrix used by the encoder to generate the encoded signal.
In step 520, the decoded block is classified. Namely, each block is classified for the purpose of determining the adjustments that can be applied to the decoded pixels to better approximate the original pixel values. For example, if each block in step 520 is further divided into four (4) subblocks, then it is possible to define four (4) classifications as follows:
1) all medians of the four subblocks can be set to zero.
2) three medians of the four subblocks can be set to zero.
3) two medians of the four subblocks can be set to zero.
4) one median of the four subblocks can be set to zero.
These classifications (or assumptions) are then used to compute adjustments for the decoded pixels. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to these four classifications. Method 500 in step 520 could make intelligent classification decisions based on the information provided by block 510. Nevertheless, for illustration purposes, it is described herein an approach where method 500 in step 520 will successively assign each one of the four above categories, until one of them satisfies the requirements in step 540 below. Therefore a block is initially classified as having all medians zero.
In step 530, method 500 computes the adjustments that are needed to fit the classification selected for the block in step 520. More specifically, the adjustments are computed by minimizing a fitting function. The fitting function is a measure of the similarity between a class of blocks and the specific decoded signal. For example, the adjustments for a class of motion compensated blocks will be computed from the medians of subblocks. More specifically, the fitting function will be the sum of absolute differences between the medians of each block and the target median, where the target median is set at zero.
More specifically, the adjustments are computed by determining the values ("median adjustment values") that will set the medians of the four subblocks to zero, thereby minimizing the fitting function. Next, the median adjustment values (adjustments) are applied to a transform to produce transform coefficients ("transformed median adjustment values"). The transform is the same transform that was used in the encoder for generating the encoded image signal.
It should be noted that typical fitting functions may include other distance measures, e.g., sum of absolute differences or means square error. For example, for the class of intra coded blocks (e.g., the slanted plane block), an appropriate distance measure can be means square error between the received signal and a plane, where the plane is chosen to minimize this fitting function.
In step 540, method 500 queries whether the transform coefficients are capable of being quantized to zero using the quantization step corresponding to the quantization matrix (and quantizer level in the case of non-uniform quantizer) that was used to generate the encoded image signal. In other words, method 500 queries whether the transform coefficients fall within the quantizer bin. If the query is negatively answered, then method 500 proceeds to step 550. If the query is positively answered, then method 500 proceeds to step 560, where the decoded pixels are adjusted by the median adjustment values.
In step 550, method 500 queries whether other classifications may be more suitable to compute the adjustments. Namely, method 500 queries whether there are any remaining classifications that can be used to compute the adjustments. If the query is negatively answered, then method 500 proceeds to step 570. If the query is positively answered, then method 500 proceeds to step 520, where the current block is reclassified, e.g., as having three medians of the four subblocks capable of being set to zero. Steps 530 and 540 are then repeated for the new classification. However, one of the subblocks is now removed from consideration in the computation of the median adjustment values. The loop defined by steps 520, 530, 540 and 550 is repeated until suitable adjustments are computed or until all classifications are exhausted. If all classifications are exhausted without determining suitable adjustments, then the decoded pixels are not adjusted.
In step 570, method 500 queries whether there are any more blocks in the current frame. If the query is negatively answered, then method 500 proceeds to step 580. If the query is positively answered, then method 500 proceeds to step 510, where the method is repeated for the next block.
In step 580, method 500 queries whether there is a next level for the current frame. Namely, if the transform employed by the encoder is a hierarchical transform, e.g., a wavelet transform, then it is possible to repeat method 500 for the next level having a different block size.
For example, method 500 can start with a 2×2 block size. When the entire image is processed using the smaller block size, method 500 can repeat the process using a larger 4×4 block, and so on. Thus, if the query in step 580 is negatively answered, then method 500 ends. If the query is positively answered, then method 500 proceeds to step 520, where the method is repeated for the next level or block size.
FIG. 2 illustrates a flowchart of a specific method 200 for recovering quantized coefficients, where the non-linear post-processing method for recovering the coefficients is based on a Haar transform. In brief, the Haar transform is a transformation that separates an input signal into two sequences, i.e., one sequence expresses the input signal in terms of average values and the other sequence in terms of changes. By employing the Haar transformation, the recovered coefficients are recovered to a precision higher than that provided by an inverse quantizer alone.
It should be noted that methods 200 and 500 are applied after the operation of an inverse transform operation, e.g., inverse wavelet transform. For example, methods 200 and 500 can be applied in a decoder which has received a plurality of wavelet coefficients. The decoder applies inverse wavelet transform to produce decoded pixel values, which are then received and operated by methods 200 and 500 as described below in the coefficients recovery section 335 of FIG. 3. As such, the term "transform coefficients" as described in the methods 200 and 500 should not be confused with the coefficients resulting after a transform operation in the encoder.
Method 200 starts in step 205 by dividing an image (e.g., a decoded input image) into a plurality of blocks, i.e., wavelet blocks. The size of the blocks corresponds to the size of the blocks used by the transform operation executed by the encoder. In step 210, method 200 obtains the first block and further divides the selected block into (4) four subblocks in step 215. Although in the preferred embodiment each block is divided into four subblocks, the block can be divided into any number of subblocks. However, the block size is typically set in accordance with the basis function of the transform used in the encoder.
In step 220, method 200 computes the median for each subblock, which, in turn, can be used to generate a median adjustment value for the subblock (which is simply the negative of the median value). The premise is that the portion of the signal that is being represented by the subblocks has medians that are centered around zero. For example, if a median is computed to be a value of two (2), then a coefficient correction or median adjustment value of negative two (−2) added to the samples will cause the median to be zero. Thus, if the coefficient corrections that set the medians to zero when quantized would produce a zero, then these coefficient corrections may have been eliminated ("zero-out") through quantization. The medians are computed from the actual decoded pixel values.
In step 225, method 200 applies a 2-D wavelet (Haar) transform to the median adjustment values to generate transform coefficients ("transformed median adjustment values").
In step 230, method 200 queries whether all the transform coefficients within the current four subblocks are smaller or equal to the quantization step selected for the image. (Alternatively, if a quantization matrix is employed, then 200 queries whether each of the corresponding transform coefficients is smaller or equal to an associated quantization step in the quantization matrix.) If the query is affirmatively answered, then method 200 proceeds to step 245, where the associated median is subtracted from each subblock (or the associated median adjustment value is added to each subblock). More specifically, all the transform coefficients within a subblock are adjusted by a correction equal to the calculated median for that subblock. If the query is negatively answered, then method 200 proceeds to step 235. If some transform coefficients are higher than the quantization step, then it indicates that those medians (or at least some of them) should not be zero-out.
In step 235, method 200 queries whether there are more than three (3) medians remaining. It should be noted that initially, there are as many medians as there are subblocks, i.e., four (4) medians in the preferred embodiment. If the query is negatively answered, then method 200 proceeds to step 250. If the query is affirmatively answered, then method 200 proceeds to step 240, where the highest median value is zero-out. Namely, method 200 discards the highest median and returns to step 225, where method 200 computes a 2-D Haar transform of the remaining three (3) medians. The "discarded" median is not altered by method 200. Namely, the subblock associated with the "discarded" median will not be adjusted by method 200.
In the preferred embodiment, method 200 alters all four subblocks or at least three subblocks, if possible. However, the loop represented by steps 230, 235 and 240 can be repeated to alter two subblocks, one subblock or up to a threshold of remaining subblocks, if so desired for a particular application.
In step 250, method 200 queries whether all blocks within the image are processed. If the query is affirmatively answered, then method 200 proceeds to step 260 , where the decoded pixel values for the entire image have been recovered. If the query is negatively answered, then method 200 proceeds to step 255, where the next block is selected and the steps of 215-245 are repeated.
Similar to FIG. 5, in step 260 method 200 queries whether there is a next level for the current frame. Namely, if the transform employed by the encoder is a hierarchical transform, e.g., a wavelet transform, then it is possible to repeat method 200 for the next level having a different block size. Thus, if the query in step 260 is negatively answered, then method 200 ends. If the query is positively answered, then method 200 proceeds to step 205, where the method is repeated for the next level or block size.
Thus, method 200 is disclosed for recovering quantized coefficients using a Haar transform. Furthermore, FIG. 2 illustrates another way of describing the present invention, where classification of the block can be replaced by simply setting an initial assumption for all blocks. The assumption is tested and repeatedly revised, as necessary. The number of assumptions can be selectively defined or limited for an application. However, the use of classifications can be implemented to reduce computational cycles, especially if there is information that can be exploited to quickly eliminate some classifications from consideration.
For example, if an I-frame is detected, then the present method can be skipped altogether. Alternatively, the image content within the blocks may have been evaluated by the encoder for other purposes, e.g., rate control, mode decision and etc., which can be passed to the decoder to aid the decoder in quickly eliminating some classifications from consideration.
FIG. 3 depicts a block diagram of a simplified structure of a decoder 300 for implementing the coefficient recovery methods 200 and 500. The decoder 300 comprises an entropy decoding section 310, a motion compensation/estimation section 315, an inverse quantizer section 320, an inverse transform section 330 and a coefficients recovery section 335.
The decoder 300 accepts an encoded bitstream (e.g., encoded video images) on path 305 and decodes the various data elements which are used to produce a decoded output on path 340. The encoded bitstream can be received directly from a transmission channel or from an input buffer (not shown).
Specifically, the encoded video bitstream is received by the entropy decoding section 310, which decodes the picture type and all other information via a plurality of entropy code tables. Various mode control information are forwarded to the motion compensation/estimation section 315 which may comprise a backward motion compensation (MC) section, an interpolated MC section, a forward MC section, an intra coding section and various frame storage buffers or memories (not shown). The proper selection of a particular motion compensation or intra coding section depends upon the picture type of a decoded picture. The decoded motion vectors, if any, giving the displacement from the stored previous and/or future pictures are also received by the motion compensation/estimation section 315. In brief, the previous and future reference pictures are stored in the previous frame memory buffer and future frame memory buffer (not shown) respectively. These stored frames are used in conjunction with the motion vectors to produce a predicted frame.
The entropy decoding section 310 also decodes the quantized coefficients that are representative of the transform input image. The decoded quantized coefficients are forwarded to the inverse quantizer 320 and inverse transform 330, where the inverse quantization and inverse transform are applied to the quantized coefficients. Namely, the quantized coefficients are converted into decoded pixel values which are forwarded to coefficients recovery section 335 which applies method 200 as discussed above. Finally, the adjusted pixel values are added to a predicted block, if any, to produce the decoded input image or picture on path 340.
FIG. 4 illustrates a decoding system 400 of the present invention. The decoding system 400 is coupled to an encoding system (not shown) via a communication channel 405. The present invention is not limited to any particular type of communication channel.
The decoding system 400 comprises a general purpose computer 410 and various input/output devices 420. The general purpose computer comprises a central processing unit (CPU) 412, a memory 414 and an decoder 416 for receiving and decoding a sequence of encoded images.
In the preferred embodiment, the decoder 416 is simply the decoder 300 as discussed above. The decoder 416 can be a physical device which is coupled to the CPU 412 through a communication channel. Alternatively, the decoder 416 can be represented by a software application which is loaded from a storage device, e.g., a magnetic or optical disk, and resides in the memory 414 of the computer. As such, the decoder 300 of the present invention can be stored on a computer readable medium.
The computer 410 can be coupled to a plurality of input and output devices 420, such as a keyboard, a mouse, a video monitor, or any number of devices for storing or distributing images, including but not limited to, a tape drive, a floppy drive, a hard disk drive or a compact disk drive. The input devices serve to allow the computer for storing and distributing the sequence of decoded video images.
There has thus been shown and described a novel method and apparatus for recovering quantized coefficients by using a nonlinear scheme. Many changes, modifications, variations and other uses and applications of the subject invention will, however, become apparent to those skilled in the art after considering this specification and the accompanying drawings which disclose the embodiments thereof. All such changes, modifications, variations and other uses and applications which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are deemed to be covered by the invention, which is to be limited only by the claims which follow.
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Monday, December 31, 2007
1 Comments | Copyright: IANS
Mumbai, Dec 31 (IANS) Not too many people know that Shabana Azmi was once supposed to play Benazir Bhutto in a film to be directed by noted British-Pakistani author-playwright and filmmaker Tariq Ali.
Tariq Ali, who has done a celebrated play 'The Leopard & The Fox' on the arrest and execution of Benazir's father Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, had readied the screenplay in 1982-83 for his proposed Benazir biopic with Shabana in the lead. Shabana had begun to prepare for the part, studying Benazir's body language and also getting the required haircut to look completely credible.
But then politics intervened. Because of differences between India and Pakistan, the hush-hush project was quietly abandoned. Shabana was disappointed.
'I know I can physically resemble Benazir. Once that is in place, the rest would just follow,' the actress had admitted at that time.
Now almost 25 years after the proposed film's premature debacle, Shabana says she's all set to play Benazir.
'My god! I thought I was the only one who remembered the Benazir project. I'd love to play Benazir in a film,' Shabana told IANS.
'I've met her twice. We got along really well. Once Benazir and her mom came to Columbia University to listen to my lecture. Another time in Delhi, Benazir and I were seated at the same table. I was an MP then and she was keen to know my experiences,' Shabana recalled.
'I was very moved by her book 'Daughter Of The East'. By a strange coincidence, the day after I finished reading her book she had become prime minister. We had many common friends, including Tariq Ali,' she added.
Would Tariq Ali revive the project? According to sources, the talented author has been keen to do the film, and had even obtained Benazir's permission for the endeavour. Chances are the project would be revived posthumously since there's an incredible degree of curiosity and sentimentality about Benazir's life.
'Benazir has now become a part of the same enduring romance that Princess Diana represents. The Shabana-Tariq Ali project stands a good chance at this time,' said a source close to the project.
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- Who is Howard Burton, the host and driving force behind Ideas Roadshow?
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Howard Burton was the founding Executive Director of Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, Canada from 1999-2007. He holds a PhD in theoretical physics and an MA in philosophy and has long been passionately committed to making sophisticated ideas accessible to a wide range of people through the power of conversation, probing select thinkers to share their deepest insights in a way that is engaging, accessible and often motivational.
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