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7 May 2015
The New York State Common Retirement Fund, Albany, has committed a total of $965m to four fund managers, with $85m going to Nigeria and West Coast Africa-focused Capital Alliance Private Equity IV.
Read full story
5 May 2015
Africa-focused Helios Investment Partners has agreed to pick up a 12.4 per cent stake in Africa Oil Corp for $100m.
African buyout house Ethos Private Equity has led a private equity consortium investing $150m into telecom towers business Eaton Towers.
1 May 2015
When investing in Africa, institutional investors are looking towards the smaller, more focused partners which can mitigate the risk associated with exits according to panellists at the 12th Annual AVCA conference.
Private equity investment in the financial sector, specifically in real estate, rose by nearly €10bn for the first quarter of this year, compared to Q1 2014, according to research out this week.
30 April 2015
Beyond providing African GPs with capital, sovereign wealth funds and pensions fund can help companies combat the difficult stock market and make the asset class more attractive according to Fonds Souverain D'Investissements Strategiques CEO Amadou Hott.
Private equity investor Brookstone Partners is reportedly planning to invest up to $750m for three hydroelectric dam projects based in Africa's Ivory Coast via its Moroccan arm Platinum Powers.
28 April 2015
Verod Capital has tapped its second fund to back the MBO of Union Bank of Nigeria subsidiary Union Trustees Limited.
20 April 2015
The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority has reportedly sold its remaining 6.6 per cent stake in Germany's largest private-sector residential real estate company Deutsche Annington.
16 April 2015
Private equity firm CVC Capital Partners has doubled its investment after exiting gym chain Virgin Active after less than four years, AltAssets understands.
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How China's Options Will Determine Global Warming
AbstractCarbon dioxide emissions, global average temperature, atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and surface ocean mixed layer acidity are extrapolated using analyses calibrated against extensive time series data for nine global regions. Extrapolation of historical trends without policy-driven limitations has China responsible for about half of global CO2 emissions by the middle of the twenty-first century. Results are presented for three possible actions taken by China to limit global average temperature increase to levels it considers to be to its advantage: (1) Help develop low-carbon energy technology broadly competitive with unbridled carbon emissions from burning fossil fuels; (2) Entice other countries to join in limiting use of what would otherwise be economically competitive fossil fuels; (3) Apply geo-engineering techniques such as stratospheric sulfur injection to limit global average temperature increase, without a major global reduction in carbon emissions. Taking into account China's expected influence and approach to limiting the impact of anthropogenic climate change allows for a narrower range of possible outcomes than for a set of scenarios that are not constrained by analysis of likely policy-driven limitations. While China could hold back on implementing geoengineering given a remarkable amount of international cooperation on limiting fossil carbon burning, an outcome where geoengineering is used to delay the perceived need to limit the atmospheric CO2 concentration may be difficult to avoid.
Supplementary material
- Supplementary File 1:
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Singer, C.; Milligan, T.; Rethinaraj, T.G. How China's Options Will Determine Global Warming. Challenges 2014, 5, 1-25.View more citation formats
Singer C, Milligan T, Rethinaraj TG. How China's Options Will Determine Global Warming. Challenges. 2014; 5(1):1-25.Chicago/Turabian Style
Singer, Clifford; Milligan, Timothy; Rethinaraj, T.S. G. 2014. "How China's Options Will Determine Global Warming." Challenges 5, no. 1: 1-25.
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Homes & Land Digest of The Tennessee Valley
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Harper's Conservatives Want to Dupe You Into Fearing Immigrants
What is most telling is that even given the divisive and downright xenophobic campaign the Conservatives have run thus far, they are still within striking distance to form government. This carefully crafted U.S.-style Republican narrative has set Canada on an extremely dangerous course, and one that only Canadian voters can steer back to the right path. From "old stock Canadians" deserving of greater government benefits, to the ridiculous niqab debate, to the absurd hotline dedicated to reporting "culturally barbaric" practices, the Conservatives are pulling no punches in their quest to mobilize their voter base.


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60. Bill Baron's '54 Chevy 210 post - Des Moines Top 100Written by Eric Geisert on July 30, 2008
The Corvette C5 drivetrain and suspension under Bill Baron's '54 Chevy had to be narrowed in some places and stretched in others to fit and work correctly. The C5 LS1 engine was outfitted with an intercooled Magnuson supercharger, and an Air Ride Technologies system is controlled with IntelliRide controls. A 1,000-watt Rockford Fosgate sound system was also installed to top off the interior.


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93 Mk 8 won;t hold a charge. Some say radio problem. Already removed air-ride system. We like it, but not real reliable these days. Any ideas? 83000 mi. Has new battery and alternator. Always garaged, clean and dry. Thanks for any help.
by Splinter in Maryville, TN on August 05, 2013


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Photos: Rescuers continue grim search in Oso mudslide
A searcher walks Thursday near the debris from Saturday's mudslide in Oso. See more photos from the mudslide and search effort in our gallery.
For our updated story on the landslide, click here.
For our updated story on the landslide, click here.
Story tags » • Darrington • Oso • Disasters (general)
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text: Posted 13 Jan 2013 The playoffs has been really terrible this year except for the Ravens game, I'd rather watch regular season basketball. Ravens games have been a bit more exciting. It always used to be boring but Flacco may have a lot to do with it this year Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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Other ideas
Fill with concrete
Made from PVC - anchor to bottom
So Gmans question about brush piles got me thinking about some winter time projects so I hit the internet looking to see what others did - here are some of those ideas
80lb bag of concrete - Makes 7 blocks
100' roll of 1/2" irrigation tubing - Makes 4 fish attracting structures
Costs roughly $4-6 per finished fish attracting structure
Last edited by Striper; 12-16-2008 at 09:31 AM.
Other ideas
Fill with concrete
Made from PVC - anchor to bottom
That's cool stuff - lot less pine needles in the boat....
Ranger Z520C Mercury XPS 250
this is the response i got from john odenkirk, take it for what its worth.
il still be putting some in at my favorite lake
"Technically - you need a permit from VMRC and the USACOE (called a "joint permit" - some activities are covered under blanket "Nationwide Permits") to put any "fill" (pretty much covers everything) in any State water (pretty much everything but private ponds). I think Dominion may also have some criteria about fish reefs, so you may want to check with George O'Connell at Dominion (sorry, but I do not have his number - should be able to find it on their web site). Many people just go ahead and add brush around their docks and such, and there are no issues; but I cannot tell you that you are OK to do it..."
Good point Mike - these are just ideas for structure but be sure to have the proper permits/permission
A few pics from Dirtman
Ok guys...........here's the skinny on the fish habs. Took the advice from g3Mike and John Odenkirk and called George O'Connell over at the plant. He told me that it is OK to place fish habs, Christmas trees ,etc. on a small scale. Not a large scale like McCotter used to do with his yearly Berkley Fish Hab placement. A few here and few there............that kind of thing. He said also to use "common sense" when placing them. IE...Not in a boat traffic lane so as to damage a boat,boater, jet skier, etc. or close to ones private dock or property. Hope this helps.:Juggle:
thats awesome, so I have about a dozen trees that i want to sink in a spot. but there are only going to be three people that will know, me, my buddy thats going to help me, and one other person already knows where im going to put them. I just gotta find the time to get out there and do it.
I'm going to have to make me a couple of these to put in a buddy's pond that is loaded with bass but they really have no structure in the water..


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For Display Ads, Being Seen Matters More than Being Clicked
comScore, Inc. (NASDAQ: SCOR) and Pretarget, the intent targeting company, today released results of an online advertising study which found that ad viewability and hover time are more strongly correlated with conversions (defined as purchases and requests for information) than clicks or total impressions. 阅读更多
Changing How the World Sees Digital Advertising: vCE Charter Study Findings Revealed
comScore Co-Founder and CMO Linda Abraham and SVP Yon Nuta present the findings from comScore's U.S.-based vCE Charter Study, the first research study involving 12 leading marketers that provides a holistic understanding of how online advertising is delivered. 阅读更多
Changing How the World Sees Digital Advertising
As branding dollars shift from traditional media to the internet, advertisers are demanding proof that their digital media plans are delivering as planned. But in the wild west of the internet things can go wrong. Brands face a never-ending challenge to digest a multitude of data, identify metrics indicative of success, and turn it into a media plan... 阅读更多
Changing How the World Sees Digital Advertising
To better understand issues associated with display ad delivery and validation, comScore conducted a groundbreaking charter study with 12 of the world's leading marketers. The eye-opening findings from this vCE Charter Study help to pave the way for a more accurate measure of campaign delivery that relies on validated impressions, rather than served,... 阅读更多
comScore Releases Full Results of vCE™ Charter Study Involving 12 Leading U.S. Advertisers
comScore, Inc. (NASDAQ: SCOR) today released full study results from its U.S.-based vCE Charter Study involving online advertising campaigns for 12 premium national advertisers. The study found that, in many cases, a large portion of ad impressions are not delivered according to plan, and that the quality of ad delivery can vary greatly based on a... 阅读更多
Nearly 3 out of 4 Ad Campaigns Deliver Ads Adjacent to Brand Inappropriate Content
A U.S.-based vCE Charter Study of 12 national advertisers found that 72 percent of Charter Study campaigns had at least some ads running next to content deemed not brand safe by the advertiser. In total, the findings showed that 141,000 impressions were delivered across 980 inappropriate sites to 92,000 individuals. This type of unsafe delivery... 阅读更多
3 in 10 display ads delivered are never seen, often because users fail to scroll down the webpage or scroll too fast
A U.S.-based vCE Charter Study of 12 national advertisers found that, on average, only 69 percent of the ad impressions were delivered in-view*. The remaining 31 percent of ad impressions never had the opportunity to be seen by the consumer, a likely result of a consumer scrolling past the ad before it loaded or a consumer never scrolling the ad in... 阅读更多
Smaller Advertisers Deliver 62% of Ad Impressions on Facebook in Q3 2011
The Wall Street Journal published this infographic featuring a comScore analysis of the breakdown of large and small advertisers for the top three advertising publishers in the U.S. Facebook, Yahoo! Sites, and Microsoft Sites. In Q3 2011, Yahoo! and Microsoft shared a similar profile with smaller advertisers delivering around 21 to 23 percent of... 阅读更多
Get a Lift with comScore AdEffx
comScore AdEffx™ is elevating advertising measurement. AdEffx is an end-to-end advertising effectiveness solution that brings a new level of confidence and continuity to the industry. Plan, test, validate and evaluate advertising success with a single, comprehensive solution designed for today's cross-media world. 查看
Advertising Engagement: Giving Creative Credit Where Credit is Due
Across brand-building disciplines, a chorus championing the virtue of measuring engagement in ad testing grows in number and volume with the emergence of each new digital channel. I and the rest of us at comScore ARS agree that advertising engagement is an essential component in understanding persuasion and effectiveness. 阅读更多


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tel: +358 295 350 000
Contact information | How to find the Ministry
Evaluation of development cooperation
Evaluations produce independent and impartial information on the achievement of development cooperation goals. The purpose of conducting evaluations is to learn from successes and setbacks and to use these lessons when planning future cooperation.
What is evaluation?
Evaluations assess the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, sustainability and impact of development cooperation. The purpose is to determine what has been achieved with the development cooperation appropriations used.
The evaluation practices of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs (MFA) are based on the principles agreed internationally within the OECD and the EU. The implementation of evaluation in Finland's development cooperation is steered by MFA evaluation guidelines.
- MFA Guidelines for the evaluation of development cooperation Norm 1/2015 (PDF, in Finnish)
The Evaluation Manual introduces the concepts of development evaluation and helps to understand why and how evaluations are carried out. It also gives guidance in support of the evaluation process.
Who evaluates and what is evaluated?
The Development Evaluation Unit (EVA-11) of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs is responsible for commissioning large-scale evaluations of strategic relevance, which may cover country programmes, specific sectors, or development policy as a whole. Reporting directly to the Under-Secretary of State for Development Policy, EVA-11 is independent of the departments in charge of implementing development cooperation and making policy decisions.
Individual MFA departments and Finnish missions abroad commission evaluations of their own development projects.
The evaluations are assigned to independent experts, selected through competitive tendering.
How are evaluation results used?
The results of all evaluations are examined within the Ministry or in the groups that make decision on the projects in order to determine how the recommendations given therein will be implemented.
Evaluation reports are public. Large-scale evaluations of strategic relevance are presented by the experts themselves in an event open to the general public, and the results are also discussed in webinars.
Click here for evaluation reports and recorded webinars:
Forthcoming evaluations
Evaluation planning ensures that evaluation results will be available on time for decision-making and planning. Each year, EVA-11 draws up an overall evaluation plan for the MFA and reports on finalised evaluations.
- Evaluation Plan 2014-2016 (PDF, 112 kt)
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Related content
- Evaluation of Finland's humanitarian mine action 10/21/2015
- Evaluation of inclusive education in Finland's development cooperation in 2004–2013 9/18/2015
- Evaluation: Finland's Development Cooperation with Kenya in 2007-2013 3/9/2015
- Evaluation: Finland's Development Policy Programmes from a Results-Based Management Point of View 2003–2013 3/4/2015
- Evaluation of Finnish-funded health sector projects in Nicaragua 12/9/2014
- Evaluation of the Forest Policy and Economics Education and Research (FOPER) I and II Project 10/21/2014
- Evaluation of the Education for Sustainable Development in the Western Balkans (ESD) Project 10/21/2014
- Evaluation report 2014:5 Peace and Development in Finland´s Development Cooperation: Synthesis 10/21/2014
- Evaluation report 2014:4 Peace and Development in Finland´s Development Cooperation: Case Study of Finland´s Regional Programme in the Western Balkans 10/21/2014
- Evaluation report 2014:3 Finland's Support to Higher Education Institutions North-South-South and HEI ICI Programmes 10/6/2014


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Megladon Manufacturing Group, Ltd.
Megladon Network Simulators are designed to support the needs of labs testing fiber based systems prior to deployment. With customizable lengths up to 200km in a 6RU footprint, our network simulators provide a stable testing platform that emulate a variety of fiber field applications. Network Simulators are can be built with any connector, glass type and length configuration. Read more...More Product Announcements from Megladon Manufacturing Group, Ltd.
Megladon Manufacturing Group, Ltd.
- Customizable lengths up to 200km in a 6RU footprint
- Stable Testing Platform that emulates a variety of fiber field applications
- Utilizes any common glass type
- Splices, damage, loss, reflection, etc.,can be built in for simulation purposes
- HLC® terminating at bulkhead


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UN says pace of Israeli settler attacks up 4-fold
QUSRA, West Bank (AP) — The annual rate of Israeli settler attacks against Palestinians has almost quadrupled in eight years, U.N. figures show, buttressing claims that Israeli security forces have largely failed to stem the so-called "price tag" campaign in which thugs cut down trees, deface mosques and beat Palestinian farmers. Israeli leaders have repeatedly denounced such attacks – the defense minister last week branded them "outright terrorism" – and the military says soldiers are under strict orders to stop them.
Zionism looks and acts more like Nazism with each passing day; what makes it more shameful is that US tax dollars and policies support these racist attacks.


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Tumors of the heart are rare. A large series of autopsy reports (approximately 40,000 cases) show that metastatic growths in the heart occur in approximately 0.5 per cent of cases, whereas primary tumors are found in 0.03 per cent (Yater1 and Mead2). On the other hand, studies of cases of malignant growth with disseminated metastases reveal an incidence of about 7.5 per cent in cases of cardiac involvement (Yater,1 Burke3). Metastatic tumors have been reported as diagnosed during life in only 10 cases, the first by Roesler,4 in 1924, and all the others since 1930 (Heninger,5 Willius and Amberg,6 Fishberg,7 Schnitker and Bailey,8 Doane and Solis-Cohen,9 Smith10). Such tumors may involve any part of the heart, but especially the right auricle. They have been described as arising from almost any type of malignant tumor anywhere in the body. Usually they produce no symptoms and are found
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Woman denies felony heroin chargesMay 05,2013By Josh O'Gorman
Talk about truth in advertising: A New York State woman is in jail on $75,000 bail after denying charges she was in possession of multiple bags of heroin labeled "Poison."
Thursday, Danielle P. Allen, 26, of Whitehall, N.Y, pleaded innocent in Rutland criminal court to a felony charge of heroin possession, which carries a maximum penalty of 20 years in prison or a $1,000,000 fine.
According to an affidavit filed with the court by State Trooper Jason Johnson, Wednesday evening, Johnson stopped a 2004 Chevrolet Optra with New York registration at the Cumberland Farms on South Main Street.
Police had received a tip the occupants of the vehicle had driven out of state that day to buy heroin, and the driver- Justin M. Allen, 23- was the target of an ongoing investigation by the Narcotic Investigation Unit of the State Police, records state.
Prior to the traffic stop, police had probable cause to arrest Justin Allen for selling heroin, according to the affidavit.
Police first questioned the driver and then his passenger, Danielle Allen, who allegedly admitted she had heroin in her front pants pocket, police said. Danielle Allen handed over 74 bags of heroin stamped with the label "Poison", according to the affidavit. The combine weight of the heroin was 2.4 grams, records state.
Danielle Allen is being held in South Burlington jail, according to the Department of Corrections. Police charged Justin Allen with selling heroin. He will be arraigned at a later date.
email@example.com IN This Just InWASHINGTON Many of Americas young adults appear to be in no hurry to move out of their old... Full StoryBENSON The town will not return to the days of having a reputation of being the wild west of... Full StoryMIDDLEBURY Commuters are advised of nighttime road closures tonight and Thursday. Full Story
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VPD Phase Shifter, Microelectronics Hybrid, DSCS
This is a microelectronic hybrid designed for signals processing on a Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS) spacecraft. A Variable Power Divider (VPD) takes an a single incoming signal and divides it into two output signals to facilitate transmissions from a satellite to an Earth ground station.
To meet weight and space constraints on the spacecraft, the device used layering to achieve complex function in a small size. Beneath the visible surface of electrical devices and connections are several additional conducting and nonconducting layers. The buried conducting layers provide additional pathways for connecting the electrical devices on the hybrid's top layer. The completed hybrid is an ingenious puzzle in which nearly one hundred chips and devices are integrated through more than a thousand connections.
This design represented the state of the art in miniaturization for such hybrids as of the late 1980s and early 1990s. Lockheed Martin donated this artifact to the Museum in 1998.
Gift of Lockheed Martin
- Country of Origin
- United States of America
- Manufacturer
- General Electric Space Systems Division
- Type
- SPACECRAFT-Unmanned-Instruments & Payloads
- Materials
- Overall: copper, aluminum, alumina, glass, gold, plastic, steel, silica
- Dimensions
- Overall: 3/8in. x 1 1/8in. x 2 1/8in. (1 x 2.9 x 5.4cm)


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 14, 2009
|Filing date
|Jun 3, 2004
|Priority date
|Jun 3, 2003
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Matthias Mitschke, Norbert Rahn, Dieter Ritter, Michael Scheuering
|Original Assignee
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (10), Classifications (24), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention concerns a 3D image post-processing method of the type wherein an x-ray contrast agent is administered via a micro-catheter (catheter angiography), as well as a medical-technical apparatus for three-dimensional representation of sections of the blood vessel system of a patient that, in particular in the field of coronary angiography, can be used to diagnose diseases of the coronary vessels, as well as in the field of neuro-angiography for (pseudo-) three-dimensional vascular imaging in the framework of an endovascular intervention.
2. Description of the Prior Art
For preventative treatment of coronary and cerebral aneurysms, angiomas and other arterial-venous malformations (AVM), endovascular interventions are ever more frequently employed today as an alternative to coronary or neurosurgical procedures. In the preliminary stages of an endovascular intervention, a contrast agent-intensified angiographic examination of the blood vessel sections affected by a vessel anomaly is normally implemented.
In catheter angiography, the blood vessels to be examined are made visible by x-ray exposures after injection of a contrast agent. For example, a micro-catheter of approximately 1.5 mm external diameter, inserted intravascularly via the inguinal artery, is moved to the blood vessels to be examined. Since this is a minimally-invasive method, catheter angiography is today used only seldomly for purely diagnostic purposes. For example, using modem micro-catheters (which typically have an external diameter of approximately 0.6 mm), in stroke patients the location of a vessel narrowing (stenosis) caused by arteriosclerosis or a blood clot can be found inside the skull and, for example, thromboses can be loosened in an endovascular interventional procedure with the aid of a fibrinolytic medicine.
The intravascular insertion of a micro-catheter for endovascular therapy of a blood vessel deformation, as well as the navigation of this catheter within the blood vessel system to be treated, is a difficult and demanding procedure, since the catheter must be guided through a number of vessel branchings. This procedure can be significantly simplified by a 3D visualization of the sections of the vessel system to be examined. Conventionally, the navigation of the catheter through the vessel tree is monitored fluoroscopically. In order to show the blood vessels, contrast agent is thereby applied by the tip of an intravascularly inserted micro-catheter in order to make the blood vessels in the environment of the catheter tip visible in the x-ray image. In order to reconstruct the three-dimensional structure of the vessel tree, a number of x-ray images are necessary from various directions. Afterwards the catheter is moved further forward without the imaging method being continued during this movement.
Systems for angio-cardiography are specially designed for the display of heart chambers, heart valves and heart vessels. They must satisfy all requirements for the diagnosis and must support the implementation of the appropriate therapeutic procedures that are possible with the procedures of interventional cardiology. Among these procedures are, for example, vessel dilation as well as the expansion of the heart valve cross-section using balloon catheters, thrombolysis with pharmaceuticals applied via catheter directly at the location of a lesion, and the opening of blocked coronary arteries by laser beams.
Since the risk for the patient increases with the duration of the examination or procedure, for the patient's interest, as well as for economic reasons, an invasive examination of the heart should be implemented in a manner that saves as much time as possible. The same is true for therapeutic procedures within interventional cardiology. An imaging system for this purpose should optimally allow simultaneous imaging in two different projection directions (biplanar operation), or should allow a rapid change (switching) between two projection directions. In the exposure, a biplanar system significantly eases the orientation during the positioning of the catheter and reduces the need of contrast agent in the exposures and the retention period of the catheter in the vessel, since two projection directions can be acquired at the same time with a single injection. At the same time, a quantitative description or classification of existing stenoses is simplified by the simultaneous biplanar representation.
The coronary vessels are spread over the curved heart surface, and therefore can be represented only from a single projection direction without distortions in sections. For this reason, and for the elimination of overlappings of individual vessels, a number of different projections are necessary for a complete examination of the coronary system.
Digital subtraction angiography (DSA), computed tomography angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance or nuclear magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and ultrasound diagnosis methods (for example Doppler sonography and color-coded duplex sonography) (CCDS) are available today for the diagnosis of blood vessel diseases. Primarily, developments in the field of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) and ultrasound diagnostics have clearly limited the need for invasive examination methods (for example, DSA) in the framework of the vessel diagnosis. It can be expected of the newest developments, in particular in the field of MR angiography and ultrasound diagnostics, that in the near future the primary vessel diagnostics will be implemented almost completely with non-invasive, more patient-friendly examination methods.
In the following, a brief description is provided for the most important examination methods used in the framework of a preoperative endovascular intervention, knowledge of which is necessary for the comprehension of the present invention (DSA, CTA, MRA and computer-aided 3D rotation angiography).
Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is an invasive examination method that today is accepted ever more as the radiological standard method for diagnosis of vessel diseases—in spite of large advances in the field of CT and MR angiography. It requires an arterial puncture and the insertion of a catheter into the concerned examination region, the administration of an x-ray contrast agent (normally containing iodine), and a relatively high radiation exposure. An advantage is the (in comparison to other imaging methods) comparably high spatial and temporal resolution. Only the perfused lumen of a vessel, however, can be shown with DSA. Moreover, with this examination method vessel narrowings (stenoses) caused by atherosclerotic deposits (plaque formation) on the inner walls cannot be verified, or can be verified only indirectly. The use of invasive DSA consequently is used only when an interventional measure (such as, for example, a balloon dilation or stent introduction) is additionally planned, for the vessel representation.
In DSA, two x-ray exposures are produced at a temporal interval from one and at the same viewing angle: an exposure of the blood vessels not yet filled with contrast agent (what is known as the mask image) and an exposure of the vessel filled with an x-ray contrast agent after the contrast agent injection (the fill image). The x-ray images are then subtracted from one another, so congruent image portions of bones and soft parts are eliminated such that only the blood vessels filled with the x-ray contrast agent are shown. Typically, before the subtraction a logarithmization of the intensity signals corresponding to the fill and mask images is done, such that the obtained difference image is directly proportional to the contrast agent concentration and all tissue structures outside of the blood vessels to be examined are eliminated by the subtraction.
Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is a minimally-invasive examination method with a high spatial resolution but a comparably limited temporal resolution, for which, by spiral computed tomography, a (pseudo-) three-dimensional representation of the larger blood vessels is generated. Similar to DSA, the method requires the administration of contrast agent (normally containing iodine) and a non-negligible radiation exposure. A significant diagnostic advantage of CTA, however, is that it allows detection of atherosclerotic plaque, as well as the possibility to assess the wall structure of larger vessels, and the exact determination of the lumen width of a vessel. In comparison to DSA, the CTA offers a better diagnostic conclusion in the preliminary stage of percutaneous endovascular interventions. Conventional reconstruction methods enable a 3D representation of larger vessels, but require a relatively long post-processing time for 3D reconstruction from x-ray images acquired from various projection directions.
Magnetic resonance imaging or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is a non-invasive examination method with very good spatial and temporal resolution and a relatively high contrast resolution. Improvements in the diagnostic significance, above all in the area of smaller vessels, can be achieved by the increasing use of paramagnetic contrast agents. Similar to computer tomography, magnetic resonance tomography allows both the perfused lumen and changes of the vessel walls to be shown. Due to the higher contrast resolution, however, it is clearly superior to computed tomography. Image post processing and 3D reconstruction of large vessel sections are possible in an extremely short time.
In order to improve the topographic representation of the vessel tree, optical realization of the third dimension in angiographic studies has been studied since the 1970s. Rotation x-ray examinations of the brain where first introduced in clinical practice, wherein all auxiliary projections were achieved by rotation of an x-ray tube around the head of a patient, and thus stereoscopic views of the cerebral blood vessels were possible. The introduction of computer-aided rotation angiography brought the technical breakthrough to reconstruct the (pseudo-) three-dimensional representations with isotropic resolution from the raw projection data, as is described in the article "Use of a C-Arm System to Generate True Three-Dimensional Computed Rotational Angiograms: Preliminary In-Vitro and In-Vivo Results" (AJNR 1997, Vol. 18, pp. 1507 through 1514) by R. Fahrig, among others, 3D rotation angiography has proven to be a valuable complement to conventional angiographic examination methods, both in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. From the spatial information that is acquired at a workstation in the interactive evaluation of 3D reconstructions of x-ray images acquired from a number of projection directions, 3D rotation angiography is far superior to a conventional digital biplanar subtraction angiography in the assessment of neck aneurysms and the relation to adjacent blood vessels. The 3D reconstructions of the vessel structure are graphically visualized using a volume rendering technique (VRT), multiplanar reformatting (MPR) or maximal intensity projections (MIP). Moreover, they can be rotated and thus considered from various perspectives. Due to the high speed of the post-processing software, 3D angiography has today developed into a tool that can be directly used in the planning and implementation of endovascular interventions.
In the last few years, further improvements have been made to the imaging systems and the software to generate 3D images. Meanwhile, 3D imaging systems are available on the market from various angiography apparatus manufacturers. Given patients on whom DSA examinations have been implemented with faster image reconstruction and high image quality, 3D angiography has proven to be more advantageous than the standard DSA in the evaluation and treatment planning of intracranial aneurysms. In contrast to rotation angiography, an image can be viewed from an arbitrary perspective. With regard to arterial stenoses, the three-dimensional image can expose anomalies or the degree of a lesion that cannot be determined in planar views. Any arbitrary perspective is possible, including viewing angles that would be impossible with DSA due to the limited mobility of the angiographic apparatuses.
An object of the present invention is to provide an image acquisition and processing technique, with which a 3D representation of blood vessels is enabled in the context of a contrast agent-free endovascular intervention, for better orientation in the navigation of an intravascularly inserted micro-catheter.
The present invention concerns a computer-aided 3D image post-processing method as well as a medical-technical apparatus for three-dimensional representation of sections of the blood vessel system of a patient. The inventive method is particularly suitable for use in the field of coronary and neuro-anglography for (pseudo-) three-dimensional cardio- or cerebro-vascular imaging for the purpose of supporting the treating specialist doctor in the implementation of an endovascular intervention, in which an intravascularly inserted micro-catheter is navigated to the blood vessel sections to undergo therapy.
The inventive method uses a 3D visualization of 2D/3D registered data sets. Instead of a conventional two-dimensional representation of the fusion result of the images (acquired from DSA, MRA, CTA and/or 3D rotation angiography) of the vessel system of the patient to be examined, with the x-ray images acquired during an endovascular intervention (intraoperatively) from different projection directions, in the inventive method a (pseudo-) three-dimensional representation (reconstructed from a number of x-ray images) of the micro-catheter intravascularly inserted during a percutaneous endovascular intervention is mixed ("back-projected") into the 3D representation of the vessel system acquired from an angiographic pre-examination. Using known 3D visualization techniques such as, for example, the 3D volume rendering method (VRT), in this manner slice planes of the back-projected catheter can be emphasized with the blood vessels. The diagnosing physician now has the possibility to consider the operating field from different perspectives based on the three-dimensionally prepared data, which leads to a simplified orientation in the vessel tree in an endovascular intervention. The temporal decoupling of the angiographic pre-examination and endovascular intervention has the advantage that no application of contrast agent via the catheter tip is necessary during the therapeutic procedure. This represents a significant improvement in patient comfort.
In the following, the invention imaging method as illustrated in
As an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a computer-aided imaging and image post-processing method is described for angiographic representation of aneurysms, angiomas and other arterio-venal malformations (AVM) of parts of the blood vessel system of a patient. A micro-catheter 306 (which can be inserted intravascularly) serves for the injection of an x-ray contrast agent. Before the beginning of an endovascular intervention, a contrast agent-intensified angiography pre-examination (S1) for two-dimensional representation of the parts of the blood vessel system to be treated is implemented from at least two different projection directions, and a 3D reconstruction method (S2) is applied for the purpose of acquisition of a first image data set (DS1) in order to obtain a three-dimensional representation of the vessel topography.
During a temporally subsequent (and thus separate) implementation of an endovascular intervention, x-ray images 302 a and 302 b are then acquired from at least two different projection directions upon continuous forward movement of the micro-catheter 306 through a blood vessel to be treated. The x-ray images 302 a and 302 b are subjected to a pattern recognition algorithm for edge-based segmentation (S4) of the image regions filled by the micro-catheter 306, with all remaining image regions are masked out (S5).
The segmented projection exposures are then further processed by a 3D reconstruction algorithm (S6), for example a 3D volume rendering method (VRT) in order to obtain a second image data set (DS2) for (pseudo-) three-dimensional representation of the micro-catheter 306.
A semi-transparent 3D representation of the micro-catheter 306 is calculated in accordance with the invention by determining suitable opacity values for the grey value representation of the surfaces of the three-dimensionally reconstructed micro-catheter 306. Alpha blending techniques are used to generate the transparency effects.
The obtained image data sets (DS1, DS2) then can be intraoperatively registered and fused, with the reconstructed 3D representation of the micro-catheter 306 being mixed into the three-dimensionally prepared angiographic representation of the endovascular blood vessel sections 304 to be treated.
A diagram to illustrate the inventive method is shown in
The x-ray contrast images inventively acquired from the angiographic pre-examination and from different projection directions also can be used as a basis for calculation of endoluminal perspectives, and thus for virtual angioscopy.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, the Cartesian spatial coordinates of the micro-catheter 306 are calculated in each three-dimensional reconstruction of x-ray exposures 302 a and 302 b of the second image data set (DS2), and these coordinates are mixed into the angiographic representation 300 that is three-dimensionally visualized on a display device 128, and as needed coordinates are achieved. The path of the micro-catheter 306 through the blood vessel system is detected upon the implementation of the endovascular intervention and mixed into the angiographic representation 300 three-dimensionally visualized at the display device 128.
A computer software program product is also inventively provided which implements the computer-aided 3D imaging and image post-processing method described above when it is loaded into and executed by a computer 132 with the display device 128.
A medical-technical apparatus 100 for three-dimensional angiographic representation of the blood vessels of a patient 106 acquired in the framework of digital subtraction angiography (DSA), suitable for implementing the inventive method, is shown in
A suitable 3D angiography system to implement CTA, MRA or 3D rotation angiography alternatively can be used for three-dimensional representation of the blood vessels to be examined.
A computer 132 serves to implement pattern recognition, image post-processing and 3D reconstruction algorithms steps (S2, S4, S5, S6, S7) for the purpose of acquisition, registration and fusion of image data sets (DS1, DS2) for three-dimensional visualization of the vessel topographic and the intravascularly inserted micro-catheter 306. The registered and fused image data 300 can be graphically shown at the display device 128.
The image signals acquired via the x-ray image intensifier video chain 108 of the DSA system are supplied to a logarithmic amplifier 114 and an analog-to-digital converter 116. A first memory 120 a is provided for buffering the fill image 202 b (an x-ray contrast exposure of the blood vessels filled with a contrast agent) acquired by digital subtraction angiography (DSA), and a second memory 120 b is provided to buffer the empty exposure of the mask image 202 a acquired in DSA (an x-ray contrast exposure of the blood vessels not filled with contrast agent).
The mask image 202 a, the fill image 202 b and the subtraction image 202 c, as grey scale value representations (obtained in digital subtraction angiography (DSA)) of parts of the blood vessel system of a patient, are shown in
The memory contents are subtracted in a further computer 122, pass through a computer 124 for window amplification, and are finally converted in a digital-to-analog converter 126 back into analog video signals that can be shown on the monitor 128. In addition to the actual mask image and fill image, all images of a scene are stored in a raw data memory. This can be a video recorder 110 with high signal-to-noise ratio, a digital disc storage 117 (a Winchester disk) operated by a microcontroller 118, or a large semiconductor memory with a storage capacity of more than 20 Mbyte. The displayed image can be captured by a multi-formed camera 130. A host computer 132 provides the desired execution, controls the computers 122 and 124 provided for the processing of the image data, and administers the images of the raw data storage 110 and 117.
Although modifications and changes may be suggested by those skilled in the art, it is the intention of the inventors to embody within the patent warranted hereon all changes and modifications as reasonably and properly come within the scope of their contribution to the art.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 7, 1996
|Jun 22, 1999
|Powertv, Inc.
|Interpolation of pixel values and alpha values in a computer graphics display device
|Apr 27, 2000
|Nov 13, 2001
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Method and device for catheter navigation in three-dimensional vascular tree exposures
|Sep 22, 1999
|Apr 9, 2002
|Siemens Akiengesellschaft
|Method for positioning a catheter in a vessel, and device for implementing the method
|Sep 30, 1999
|Mar 23, 2004
|Siemens Corporate Research, Inc.
|Method for providing a virtual contrast agent for augmented angioscopy
|Mar 22, 2002
|Jan 16, 2003
|Norbert Strobel
|Method for detecting the three-dimensional position of a medical examination instrument introduced into a body region, particularly of a catheter introduced into a vessel
|Sep 30, 2002
|Mar 6, 2003
|Wido Menhardt
|Three dimensional image reconstruction from single plane X-ray fluorograms
|Fahrig et al.'s "Use of C-arm System to Generate True Three-dimendional Computed Rotational Angiograms: Preliminary In Vitro and In Vivo Results," American Society of Neuroradiology, Sep. 18, 1997, vol. 18, pp. 1507-1514.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 14, 2010
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Operating method for an image-generating medical engineering assembly and articles associated herewith
|Jul 22, 2009
|Nov 29, 2011
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Method for representing interventional instruments in a 3D data set of an anatomy to be examined as well as a reproduction system for performing the method
|Jun 17, 2009
|Sep 24, 2013
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|X-ray imaging apparatus that displays analysis image with taken image, X-ray imaging method, and image processing apparatus
|Jan 4, 2011
|Jan 27, 2015
|Koninklijke Philips N.V.
|Navigating an interventional device
|Oct 2, 2012
|Aug 11, 2015
|Quantant Technology, Inc.
|Semi-automated or fully automated, network and/or web-based, 3D and/or 4D imaging of anatomy for training, rehearsing and/or conducting medical procedures, using multiple standard X-ray and/or other imaging projections, without a need for special hardware and/or systems and/or pre-processing/analysis of a captured image data
|Aug 3, 2006
|Feb 8, 2007
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Operating method for an image-generating medical engineering assembly and articles associated herewith
|Nov 13, 2008
|May 28, 2009
|Regis Vaillant
|Method for the processing of radiography cardiac images with a view to obtaining a subtracted and registered image
|Jun 17, 2009
|Jan 7, 2010
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|X-ray imaging apparatus that displays analysis image with taken image, x-ray imaging method, and image processing apparatus
|Jul 22, 2009
|Jan 28, 2010
|Jan Boese
|Method for representing interventional instruments in a 3d data set of an anatomy to be examined as well as a reproduction system for performing the method
|Jan 4, 2011
|Apr 25, 2013
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
|Navigating an interventional device
|U.S. Classification
|600/424, 382/130, 382/131, 382/128, 378/62, 378/63
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 7, 2004
Owner name: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MISCHKE, MATTIAS;RAHN, NORBERT;RITTER, DIETER;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:015758/0351;SIGNING DATES FROM 20040609 TO 20040712
|Nov 26, 2012
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Apr 14, 2013
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jun 4, 2013
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20130414


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Effects of leachate from tree leaves and grass litter on tadpoles
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Tree species composition can change as a result of succession, climate change, fire suppression, and invasive species. These changes clearly affect forests, but they can also affect aquatic ecosystems based on differences in the input quality of leaf litter, such as plant secondary compounds. These compounds vary in type and concentration depending on species and can be toxic to aquatic organisms. To examine toxic effects on Pseudacris maculata and Pseudacris crucifer tadpoles, we conducted 60‐d laboratory experiments to compare leaf litter leachate from a dominant canopy species (red oak) and nonnative species (white pine) with an aquatic grass (prairie cordgrass) and plain water control. An additional experiment examined the effects of white pine on Bufo americanus, Hyla versicolor, and tannin concentrations in natural ponds. Compared with the control and grass, tree leaf extracts resulted in reduced tadpole survival. Leached compounds from pine reduced tadpole survival to 3 d or less. Tadpoles were able to metamorphose in significant numbers only from the two controls. The lowered survival with the red oak treatment might have been caused by lowered dissolved oxygen or high tannin concentrations. However, pine is known to have high concentrations of toxic monoterpenes, which should be investigated further. We found that tannin concentrations in natural ponds were much lower than the test concentrations, indicating that these results may represent worst‐case scenarios or unrealistic concentrations. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. © 2012 SETAC
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Search Results
Keywords: Acceptance letters
Historical Items Showing 3 of 26 View All
Item 78830
Title: G.F. Shepley acceptance to American Metric Bureau, 1876
Contributed by: Maine Historical Society
Date: 1876
Location: Portland; Boston
Media: Ink on paper
Item 76628
Title: Acceptance of Brig. Shepley resignation, Washington, 1865
Contributed by: Maine Historical Society
Date: 1865
Location: Washington; New Orleans
Media: Ink on paper
Item 10091
Title: Letter from C.C. Burleigh to Elizabeth Mountfort, April 25, 1850
Contributed by: Maine Historical Society
Date: 1850-04-25
Location: Portland
Media: Ink on paper
Exhibits Showing 3 of 15 View All
A Soldier's Declaration of Independence
William Bayley of Falmouth (Portland) was a soldier in the Continental Army, seeing service at Ticonderoga, Valley Forge, Monmouth Court House, and Saratoga, among other locations. His letters home to his mother reveal much about the economic hardships experienced by both soldiers and those at home.
Home Ties: Sebago During the Civil War
Letters to and from Sebago soldiers who served in the Civil War show concern on both sides about farms and other issues at home as well as concern from the home front about soldiers' well-being.
Lt. Charles A. Garcelon, 16th Maine
The son of Maine's surgeon general and nephew of a captain in the 16th Maine, Charles A. Garcelon of Lewiston served in Co. I of the 16th Maine. His letters home in the first 17 months of his service express his reflections on war and his place in it.
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Edmund S. Muskie Archives and Special Collections Library
View collections, facts, and contact information for this Contributing Partner.
John Martin (1823-1904) of Bangor began in 1864 looking back at his life, family, business and recreational experiences and recording those events and thoughts -- with narrative and illustrations -- for his children. Martin called himself an "expert accountant," but he was interested in architecture, dance, fashion, gardening, politics, business, religion, and the world around him.
An introduction to Bangor history as depicted by a broad-based group of city institutions and organizations. Partners included the middle-level William S. Cohen and James F. Doughty Schools, Bangor High School, Bangor Public Library, Bangor Museum and Center for History, and individual city historians. Topics covered include early railroads, natural disasters, the Brady Gang, the Civil War, and the 1940s.


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Joe Hasson is the newly appointed general manager of the Graton Resort & Casino currently being constructed by the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria in northwest Rohnert Park.
The 320,000-square-foot casino building is easily from Highway 101. Construction will have employed more than 700 by the time it's complete. To be built at some future time is a 200-room hotel.
[caption id="attachment_73072" align="alignleft" width="216"] Joe Hasson[/caption]
Mr. Hasson moved his family to California just last year, but he has more than three decades of casino industry experience, often in general manager roles. In 2003 he came to Las Vegas-based Stations Casinos, developer and future operator of Graton Resort, to be general manager of Green Valley Ranch Resort then held such positions at Sunset Station and Aliante Station, all in the Las Vegas area.
Green Valley Ranch when he arrived was doubling the number of rooms and convention space. During his time there, it earned American Automobile Association's four-diamond award four straight years, has bene named Best Locals' Casino by Las Vegas Review-Journal and was featured on Discovery Channel's and Travel Channel's reality series American Casino, on which Mr. Hasson was called "The Boss."
Before Station Casinos, Mr. Hasson was general manager at Harrah's, Harveys and Bill's casinos on in South Lake Tahoe, Nev., Hollywood Casino in Indiana, Harrah's New Orleans, Harrah's Laughlin in Nevada, Harrah's Prairie Band in Kansas and Harrah's Tunica in Mississippi.
Born in Atlantic City, N.J., he began his gaming career at the Harrah's hotel there, where his assignments included hotel director, controller and audit director.
Mr. Hasson was a certified public accountant with Deloitte in Philadelphia and Atlantic City.
He is set to speak on Graton Resort project progress at Construction Conference 2013, hosted by the Business Journal in Santa Rosa on May 15. His team and he responded to Journal questions about the project and employment opportunities.What are some interesting project aspects?


text:
With the state facing a projected $3 billion shortfall next year, Gov. Chris Gregoire said she wants an advisory panel to consider novel approaches like privatizing the state ferry system or selling naming rights to state buildings.
OLYMPIA — It's time, the governor says, to start asking tough questions, like should the state sell naming rights to public buildings to bring in money?
Should the Legislature privatize the state ferry system? Or transfer state parks over to local governments?
With the state facing a projected $3 billion shortfall next year, Gov. Chris Gregoire said those are the kinds of things she wants state programs to consider. Although the governor said she's not specifically advocating those moves.
Gregoire on Thursday outlined a series of eight questions she's asking state agencies to answer, such as whether there are more cost-effective ways of doing things, or should they be done at all.
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She's also created a panel of more than 30 people, including business, labor and political leaders, to help hold four public hearings across the state and advise her on the budget.
This is the third legislative session in a row in which the state has faced a multibillion-dollar budget shortfall. Each time, lawmakers have stressed the need to streamline state government and have taken only baby steps.
Rep. Kelli Linville, D-Bellingham, chairwoman of the House Ways and Means Committee, pushed to do things such as privatize state liquor stores earlier this year but got nowhere.
"You come in saying there's going to be blah, blah, blah. And you end up with what you can get 50 votes for," she said at the time. "That's the truth."
But Linville now thinks there's a chance to overhaul state government. It's finally sunk in, she said, that the Legislature can't simply patch up the budget and hope the economy will get better. "What's different," she said, "is it's not getting any better."
In fact, the budget shortfall could get worse.
A recent revenue forecast projects the state will take in $200 million less than was expected in the budget that runs through June 2011. The drop could be handled by reserves — assuming Congress approves several hundred million dollars in federal aid the state is counting on.
But that federal aid now appears unlikely. Gregoire said if Congress doesn't act before it takes a recess in August, she may have to either call a special session of the Legislature to deal with the shortfall, or make across-the-board cuts herself.
Gregoire said she's confident the Legislature will pay attention to her cost-saving proposals when it meets in January to start writing the next two-year budget.
"Frankly, I don't think the Legislature has any choice," she said.
Rep. Gary Alexander, R-Olympia, the ranking Republican on the House Ways and Means Committee, supports the governor's approach.
"It's a wait and see whether the commitment will be there," said Alexander, who's serving on the governor's budget panel. "She seems to be more open about addressing the question of what government should be doing."
Andrew Garber: 360-236-8266 or firstname.lastname@example.com


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Spend Matters - Free Research Download
In this Spend Matters Research Paper we describe how pre-qualification can help – or hinder – your efforts to improve procurement performance, and why it is an important part of the overall sourcing process. We explain the different purposes of the pre-qualification process, why it is important and how it can add value. We look at how to construct and manage an effective pre‑qualification programme, and the different stages involved in the process.
Sourcing Optimisation – Extracting Value from Complexity
Spend Matters - Free Research Download Sourcing Optimisation – Extracting Value from Complexity Peter Smith, Spend Matters UK/Europe This paper looks at how optimisation tools are changing the way in which organisations can achieve increased value and performance from large-scale and complicated sourcing challenges. Part 1 of this paper looks at the range of factors that define what makes certain procurement exercises complex and difficult to execute. We explain why the process arrived at in most cases for complex procurement requirements has some inherent flaws; particularly in that it relies on the buyer making judgments that could be better explored […]
Market-Informed Sourcing: A game-changer for Procurement
Spend Matters - Free Research Download
The latest advanced sourcing technology brings opportunity for organisations – but only if procurement changes the current approach to Category Management, one of our most fundamental processes and methodologies.
A Personal Lesson: Reaching the Limits of Reverse Auctions and Strategic Sourcing
Spend Matters Perspective - Free Research Download A Personal Lesson: Reaching the Limits of Reverse Auctions and Strategic Sourcing: When Collaborative and Quantitative Approaches Would Have Delivered More Jason Busch, Executive Editor, Spend Matters This Spend Matters and MetalMiner Perspective provides a first person account of how legacy e-sourcing approaches (and reverse auctions in particular) can come up short when it comes to navigating the waters of more complex categories and larger sourcing events. Written in first person and in a straightforward manner, the informality of the white paper masks the complicated nature of the arguments and instructive lessons it makes. […]
Evolution of Sourcing Technology and Platforms
Next Level Sourcing and Commodity Management - Free Research Download
Explore the evolution of sourcing platforms from the basic reverse auction/RFX/e-sourcing capabilities of yesteryear to the more advanced sourcing and commodity management platforms available today, and discover ways to set up and manage approaches to implement savings programs that go to the bottom line.


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Discover a selection of top forums qlum national on the internet. Come to share your passion on forums qlum national and meet other fans of qlum national. Then, why don't you create your own forum of qlum national ?
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text:
pratap, 28 Aug 2013friends , do u know how 2 download whatsapp in dis phone, pls tel mescrache lock.
stupid phone don't buy it .. performance is like hell hangs every once in a while....
Slow phone but still fun and simple. Haters if you dont like this phone buy the upgraded one. Low price means low specs ok.
waste of money for buying this phone and it slow in process many apps are not support in this mobile
Shweta , 17 Sep 2013Sir, Kya Samsung Galaxy Star Duos me What's up ; we chat Not Supported Software No dear its cant
I have used this phone. Its not good as i was thinking samsung quality of design, software andriod efficiency with their hardware.
Its really a crap phone restaring most of times on viber, skype, and even just sitting on table too...
I have used Samsung Grand thats a bit better than this.
I have purchasing experience of these samsung gadgets from different countries and what i see and experience Samsung is gona loose his repuation if they dont give people consistent QC/QA.....
Samsung "Made in Vietnam " is bad quality tha china and Korea ..... So i am not fond of samsung anymore. I just purchased SOny and its really stable phone as well as HTC.....Thanks guys
dptz, 15 Jul 2013Planning 2 buy : samsung Star Duos or Nokia Asha 501 ?? plz rply !!Asha 501
This is a mobile phone without Android O.S. and Whats Up. If You are looking for a cheaper device, with a LONG battery autonomy, QWERTY keyboard for writing and with useful and simpler utility, this is for sure Your mobile phone... and I suppose this is the Samsung's design requirements for this class of device.
For me, is the best! (HG, Italy)
Anonymous, 08 Sep 2013this phone is nothing its jst a shit no supports of whatsapp,wechat,nd other newly launge soft... moreSir,
Kya Samsung Galaxy Star Duos me What's up ; we chat Not Supported Software


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Soulver for iPad App for iPad
'Soulver is the essential app for doing quick calculations and figuring stuff out on the iPad. Write out calculations line by line on the notepad on the left, and the answers are displayed instantly on the right. All your work is visible all the time, and you can go back and change any line. It's like doing math on paper, except the calculator is part of the page. Soulver is unique in that it allows you to use words alongside your numbers, so your calculations actually make sense. It's great for... More
Material Type: Drill and Practice
Technical Format: HTML/Text
Date Added to MERLOT: August 13, 2012
Date Modified in MERLOT: August 13, 2012
Submitter: Cathy Swift
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Primary Audience: High School, College General Ed, College Lower Division, College Upper Division
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'Unfortunately, you don't get an exterior camera shutter.'
Rugged, long lasting, and perfect for people who don't do more than text and talk
Obscure menu system
Easy to use
Lousy camera, Proprietary closed operating system
Call quality is top-notch
As Listed
'the phone was easy to open and close with one hand.'
'menu is slow in some instances.'
'The keys are large enough for big stubby fingers and are to easy find without looking at the keypad.'
'Mediocre display.'
Well-crafted design with easy-to-use controls
Great Phone/Older drawbacks
'easy-to-use phone'
'easy wireless handsfree calling and file transfer'
Numeric pad makes typing out messages awkward
Call quality is great
Mediocre voice quality
'Motorola A1210 MING Aimed at the Chinese mobile phone market, the Motorola A1210 MING with its renowned transparent flip features a bigger and better 3.1 mega pixel camera in comparison to the 2 MP camera carried by its predecssor, includes an integrated stereo FM radio which was previously lacking and now supports a larger 2.8 inch TFT resistive touchscreen with QVGA resolution. '
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ACA Library Research
This guide was designed to help you complete the Library section of your ACA online and web-assisted class.
- Click on the blue tabs at the top of the page, beginning with "Library Catalog"
- Read the instructions on each page and view the corresponding tutorials
- This information will help you complete your library research assignment, attached below
Learning Outcomes
When you have completed the tutorials and videos on this guide you will be able to:
- Locate library resources
- Identify resources for scholarly research
- Evaluate sources for scholarly research
Library News
For the latest information on what's happening in the library, check out our social media pages and new book lists!
Contact the Library
Call Us: (828) 694-1879
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- Horoscopes
- Dear Abby
- Games & Puzzles
- Lifestyle
- Events & Exhibits
- Food & Drink
- Arts & Music
- Movies & TV
Derby - The state's surplus would be used for a sales and gas tax refund under an election-year plan announced today by Gov. Dannel P. Malloy, one day after a Republican who narrowly lost to him called for a sales tax cut.
The Democrat's proposal for the estimated $505 million surplus includes $155 million in targeted gas and sales tax refunds, including for those who receive Social Security income and don't file. That works out to $55 to individuals earning less than $200,000 and $110 to joint filers earning less than $400,000.
Malloy, whose proposal is subject to approval by lawmakers, called for boosting the rainy day fund by $250 million and putting $100 million toward the state's pension fund. That would bring the balance of the rainy day fund, which had been completed depleted three years ago, to more than $520 million, Malloy said.
"Connecticut has faced more than its share of challenges over the last few years," Malloy said at a news conference in Derby. "Now that things are beginning to improve, it's critical that everyone shares in the recovery. The plan I'm laying out today takes the responsible path. It puts money in the rainy day fund so that we can be prepared the next time we face financial challenges. It puts additional money into our pension fund so we can pay down our long term debt. And it provides a modest refund for residents who have faced more than their fair share of obstacles."
Malloy also announced that he will introduce legislation in the coming session that would mandate that any surplus in future years be used to bolster the rainy day fund, pay down long-term debt and provide tax relief.
"The budget proposal we are introducing creates a sustainable budget framework that will enable the state to achieve balanced budgets in the coming years and put our state on a path towards strong financial footing," Malloy said. "We are creating a solid foundation that supports necessary services while allowing for potential further reductions in taxes in the coming years."
Senate Minority Leader John McKinney, a Fairfield Republican running for governor, said Republicans have long supported tax relief, paying down the debt and shoring up the rainy day fund.
"Governor Malloy passed the largest middle-class tax hike in state history, including a sales tax rate increase from 6.0 percent to 6.35 percent, the elimination of countless sales tax exemptions, an increase in state gas taxes, an income tax hike, and a $200 property tax credit reduction," McKinney said. "In the face of those deep and permanent tax hikes, this one-time election year rebate simply does not cut it."
Connecticut faces a $2 billion deficit in the next two fiscal years, McKinney said. "It is irresponsible for the governor to continue talking about this year's so-called "surplus' as if those deficits do not exist," he said.
Republican Tom Foley called for a sales tax cut Wednesday as he announced he's running again for governor after losing to Malloy in 2010. Malloy has not said yet whether he'll seek a second term.
Foley said he would keep discretionary spending flat for two years to cut the sales tax by half a percent. Foley slammed Malloy for a large tax increase, saying it put a brake on the economy.
Waterbury Mayor Neil O'Leary, delivering the Democrats' response, said Foley's announcement was filled with promises and lacked specifics. O'Leary said the tax increase was needed to close a $3.5 billion deficit that Malloy inherited.
Task force seizes fentanyl-laced heroin from Groton property
Police arrest Grasso Tech student following threatening comment on Facebook
Connecticut U.S. Attorney: Local men staged 50 accidents to defraud insurance companies
Police arrest man after he allegedly displayed a gun inside a New London nursing home
'The Voice' finalist Braiden Sunshine performs at Groton middle school
Police release name of man who died in Lake of Isles canoe accident
Fentanyl-related overdose deaths projected to increase significantly
Joseph LaDuke reflects on his recovery from heroin addiction
At NRA, Trump slams Clinton for 'heartless' gun restrictions
New London councilors remove obstacle for Edgerton School developers
Former 'menace to community' hopes concert will show others that sobriety is possible


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Monday, August 19, 2013
2 Comments | Copyright: India-Forums.com / TellyBuzz
A reliable source whispered, "Actress Mini Mathur will be seen in an upcoming new show shortly. The show is most probably a kids-based show. In fact, the shoot for the same has already commenced."
Delighted to hear the news, we got in touch with the adorable actress to unveil more facts about her brand new show, but Mini preferred to remain tight-lipped as she said, "It's too early to talk about it."
Interestingly in the meanwhile, the actress has also tweeted, "My new talent... Making puppets & voicing them." This makes us wonder, whether the newly adopted talent is in any way connected to the new show!
We wish Mini all the good luck for her upcoming project. Furthermore, to stay updated, keep reading TellyBuzz.
Monica Varma
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The community of dance is a beautiful thing. With so many different personalities and backgrounds, the people who love dance find meaning in another's arms as they rhythmically move across the dance floor of life.…read more about Salsa.
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text: I am planing to configure sli gpu on my system. I am rightnow using GTX 560 Ti. With single one I can get good graphic output but I am not getting maximum resolution. I want some help here. It is worth to go with another GTX 560 Ti or should I buy a GTX 590 which is a bit more powerful and better. I am stuck between this two choices. I want to use my existing gpu anyhow for this purpose.


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Fans have been chomping at the bit for pre-release appetizers from "Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice," and director Zack Snyder is serving up a special event next week.
The 49-year-old helmsman tweeted, "Confirmed 4.20.15 #BatmanvSuperman @IMAX special teaser screening events. Limited space. RSVP," along with a short clip.
This weekend the New England Patriots will take on the Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XLIX and a smattering of famous Pats fans are trying to take the heat off of quarterback Tom Brady for the Deflategate scandal.
He's always been a charitable chap, and Ben Affleck was honored for his philanthropic achievements during the 2015 People's Choice Awards in Los Angeles on Wednesday night (January 7).
They've been married for nearly a decade and it looks like Ben Affleck and Jennifer Garner still have that newlywed spark going on.
He played the Caped Crusader in Christopher Nolan's "Dark Knight" trilogy and Christian Bale grew to love his gig as Batman/Bruce Wayne.
The "American Psycho" star told Empire magazine that when he heard that Ben Affleck had been cast in the role for "Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice" he felt a hint of envy.
They're big supporters for social rights and Ben Affleck teamed up with wife Jennifer Garner for the second annual Save the Children Illumination Gala at the Plaza Hotel in New York City on Wednesday night (November 19).
Bono's One Campaign is taking a stand against Ebola with a moving PSA about the growing crisis in West Africa.
Trading the limelight for some time behind the scenes, Ben Affleck and Matt Damon are developing a new single-camera comedy for FOX and it already sounds fantastic.
Joining forces with Colleen McGuinness ("30 Rock"), the "Good Will Hunting" hunks will executive produce the still-untitled series, based on a 25-year-old woman who works at a frozen yogurt shop and suddenly discovers she's telekinetic.


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Digital Options are a new and popular financial tool with many inherent advantages, and BOcapital's unique offering enables traders to receive significant and predetermined payouts (68%-75%), and to minimize loss when being off-target (by retaining 5%-10% of the original investment, predetermined per case). Digital options from BOcapital are straight forward to understand and rewarding to trade.
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Monday Musings: 8-15 Edition
Chris Williams
By Chris Williams, CycloneFanatic.com PublisherFollow Chris on Twitter @ChrisMWilliams
What a relaxing weekend...NOT.
So you want to discuss realignment? Feel free to join in on this 2,000 (and counting) post thread here at the always wonderful CycloneFanatic.com.
I'm not going to flood you with realignment/expansion thoughts in today's musings. I will however direct you to THIS RUNNING BLOG that I will continue to update throughout this round of realignment.
For now, here are a few thoughts, just because it is the hot topic in the world of sports.
--- Don't read anything into yesterday's report that the SEC has no plans to add Texas A&M to its league. Unless something political goes down tomorrow, conventional wisdom says that the Aggies are as good as gone. So what's next?
--- The Big 12 has to know the above right? There's no way that all of those smart people (numbskulls don't get into these positions folks) are twiddling their thumbs right now, waiting for Texas A&M to make a move. No way at all.
--- Best case scenario going forward for Iowa State? I think is to get back to a 12-team league, assuming that these new schools will bring enough to the table financially of course. Think about if A&M leaves and the Big 12 adds say, BYU, Air Force and Houston (remember that this is pure speculation). The league would go back to two divisions and I assume that Iowa State would be joined in the north by Kansas, Kansas State, Missouri, Air Force and BYU. That gives Iowa State a heck of a lot better chance to be competitive than being forced to play Texas and Oklahoma annually. Plus, I can only assume that schools would get a non-conference game back.
--- Having said all of that, I'll be surprised if the Big 12 goes back to 12 teams. Why? Because then the Big 12 would likely go back to having a championship game correct? Any why has Oklahoma been so against a move to the SEC? Because the current setup of the Big 12 gives them the best chance to play for national championships. My money says that the Big 12 will only add one, but who knows?
--- At the end of the day, it's sounding more and more like the Big 12's television partners will have just as much say in expansion as the league itself. That's not a bad thing either. Why? Because....
--- Realignment brings out the worst in journalism.
--- The Iowa State men's basketball team has outscored its first two opponents in Italy by a combined total of 200 to 101. That's nasty. Who in the world are these guys playing over there? Keeping that in mind, I do have a few thoughts on the box scores that I've seen from those two contests.
*** It's good to see that Royce White's fascination with passing the basketball didn't disappear after the Capital City League. White totaled 13 assists in his first two games in Italy. He notably led the Cyclones in scoring in game two with 15 points, while going 7-of-10 from the field.
*** In game one, Tyrus McGee went 1-for-10 from the field, totaling a measly two points. In game two, the junior went 6-of-11, recording 14 points. Point is, McGee did what I was hoping he'd do. After an atrocious first game, he came out and kept shooting in game two. Well done.
*** If you attended the YMCA Capital City League at all this summer, you saw Anthony Booker fire off threes like he was Steve Kerr. According to box scores, Booker has not attempted one long ball in Italy.
*** Chris Babb has been the most consistent scorer on the team so far, averaging 14 points (16 and 12) in two games. I've written this before - I don't think that fans pay enough attention to Babb. He's not flashy, but is a very solid basketball player who will surprise a lot of you this season.
The Cyclones will play again tomorrow in Rome. We'll keep you updated here on CF.
--- I never thought I'd live to see a day where the Voice of the Cyclones, John Walters' face shows up on Comedy Central's "Colbert Report." My friends, this day has come. CLICK HERE for a good laugh.
--- Only one for today...
After attending the 2011 Big Country Bash, I felt like I had wasted a day of my life and that I had been severely ripped off. After attending Friday night's Jason Aldean concert at the Iowa State Fair, I felt like tipping everybody involved. That was without a doubt, one of the best shows I've ever been to in 27-years of life. As far as I could see, the sold out grandstand didn't sit down once. The place was hopping. Aldean was great. Props to all.


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Welcome to the Great Lakes Male Chorus Association's Website
We are an association of seven choruses from around the Great Lakes area with the goal of enjoying great music, fellowship and an opportunity to serve the communities that we live in. Our choruses come from the states of Indiana, Michigan and Ohio.
Listen to the entire membership of GLMCA sing "Friendship, Fellowship and Song " at a recent Association Sing by clicking here. (new page will open)
This year's 2016 Big Sing will be hosted by the Michiana Male Chorus. The concert will be Saturday, June 4, 2016 at 7:00 p.m. at the Everest-Rohrer Auditorium on the campus of Bethel College in Mishawaka Indiana. Go to the Concert page for to get additional information.
GLMCA member Kim Grove came up with this great presentation of "A Fire Down Below" which was sung at this year's Big Sing.
This year's GLMCA Scholarship has been awarded to Alina Tamborini . Alina was sponsored by the Lansing Men of Orpheus. Go to the scholarship page to read more about Alina and our scholarship program.
click here if you wish to send any questions or comments


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A variety of images from San Diego's Laguna Mountains. There are images from throughout the year depicting numerous and beautiful changes to the landscapes and plants of the area.
I'm taking my passion for photography and the joy of memories to the next level and am going to publish photo books and offer high quality prints to any interested folks. I've been told I have a good eye and frequently seem to find myself in the right place at the right time so have lots of images to offer. Feel free to preview my work and order anything you'd like. If you have any questions about particular images and/or print sizes or styles available, by all means, ask.
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Have You Ever Really Looked? Published May 07, 2012
A Stroll Through Torrey Pines Reserve (hard cover with dust jacket) Published April 02, 2012
Very Nice Views of Anza-Borrego Desert (soft cover) Published April 01, 2012


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Web posted Saturday, August 22, 1998 7:16 a.m. CT
Williams returns to hometown to dedicate birthplace
The Associated Press
DES MOINES, Iowa (AP) - Andy Williams' romantic tunes have echoed around the world. On Saturday, the 70-year-old singer will play to a much smaller audience.
Williams will return to tiny Wall Lake - population 875 - for the first time in 63 years to attend the dedication of his birthplace as a historic site.
"I'm bringing my whole family down there," he said. "I want them to see where I was born and what it is like to live in a little town and a state that's flat."
Williams said he plans to visit a retirement home and have lunch with the mayor.
"Maybe we'll talk a little bit about what we remember about Wall Lake and what we did, and I'll probably sing a couple songs," Williams said.
We'd love to hear your feedback. © 1998 Amarillo Globe-NewsWebmaster
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USDA Forest Service
Tahoe National Forest
Contact: Victor Lyon
(530) 367-2224
Western States Trail Open Deadwood to the North Fork of the Middle Fork of the American River
FORESTHILL…..The Forest Service has opened a portion of the Western States Trail that was damaged in the American Fire from Deadwood Ridge Road to the west bridge abutment of the Swinging Bridge. The trail crosses the North Fork of the Middle Fork of the American River (NFMFAR) over the Swinging Bridge. The American Fire started August 11, 2013 and burned all of the upper NFMFAR drainage. The bridge burned and is unsafe for use. Another smaller bridge on the WST also burned in the fire and is unsafe for use. This smaller bridge is below Last Chance, and is located between the NFMFAR and the Last Chance Townsite. The WST from the west bridge abutment of the Swinging Bridge eastward to Last Chance Townsite will remain closed for the time being.
District Ranger Victor Lyon states "opening the trail from Deadwood to the west side of the bridge allows use of part of the Western States Trail. Once the small bridge below Last Chance is reconstructed we will look at opening up that part of the trail. The Forest Service has requested funding to reconstruct the Swinging Bridge, but to date it has not been funded." The Western States Endurance Run and Ride organizations have volunteered to reconstruct, and donate the materials for, the smaller bridge. Last fall WST volunteers contributed hundreds of hours of effort on Burn Area Emergency Repairs to the trail alongside a few Forest Service specialists. "I am incredibly impressed by the massive well-orchestrated effort that the WST volunteers have provided; they have our sincere appreciation." Ranger Lyon continues "The WST is a multiple use trail; all users should anticipate two way traffic on the open section between Deadwood and the west end of the Swinging Bridge. All users are urged to be cautious of, and considerate to, other trail users". Post fire conditions are dynamic. Trail users should be cautious of rocks and limbs on the trail. Trail maintenance is ongoing; please listen and watch for work activities.
The American Fire area, including the Western States Trail and Loop 6 (11E44) of the Sugar Pine OHV system, have been closed to the public since the start of the fire. The American Fire area opens on March 13, 2014. Loop 6 is closed under Forest Order 17-14-01 along with the rest of the OHV Trails in Foresthill.
Additional information concerning this closure is available by contacting the district office by telephone at (530) 367-2224 Monday through Friday, 8:00-4:30.