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Results tagged ' Mickey Mantle '
Teixeira posts 2nd straight 3-hit, 2-HR game
When the Yankees scored 21 runs Tuesday night at Arlington, Texas, Mark Teixeira did not have one of the the team's 19 hits. He did reach base twice on a walk and being hit by a pitch and scored both times but essentially was left out of all the fun.
Yankees manager Joe Girardi gave Teixeira Wednesday night off, and the first baseman has been on fire ever since. Tex pounded two home runs Thursday night in a 7-6 loss to the Rangers and put on a major show Friday night in the opener of a three-game series at Chicago's U.S. Cellular Field.
The Yankees broke out of the gate with a rush and kept it up for a 13-6 victory over the White Sox. Teixeira, Carlos Beltran and Brendan Ryan had three hits apiece in the Yanks' 18-hit attack. Alex Rodriguez reached base in all five of his plate appearances (double, single, three walks) and scored four runs. Nathan Eovaldi improved his record to 11-2 despite needing 117 pitches to get through 5 2/3 innings.
Two more home runs came off the bat of Teixeira, who also doubled and walked and knocked in six runs. The switch hitter homered from both sides of the plate in a game for the 14th time in his career, breaking the major league record he had shared with former teammate Nick Swisher. It was also the 41st multi-homer game in Teixeira's career. The only switch hitter with more is Hall of Famer Mickey Mantle with 46.
Teixeira's first homer was a grand slam as part of a five-run second inning that staked Evoldi to a 6-0 lead. Tex greeted reliever Matt Albers in the fourth with a two-run blast. The Yankees batted around in both innings and totaled 10 runs.
This marks Teixeira's 10th season with at least 25 homers and his first since 2011 when he bashed 39. He is tied with Mantle and Chipper Jones for the second most 25-homer seasons for a switch hitter. The all-time leader is Hall of Famer Eddie Murray with 12.
Tex has had multiple hits in eight of 12 games since July 18 and is batting .457 with 12 runs, six doubles, six home runs, 11 RBI and six walks in 46 at-bats over that span to raise his season batting average from .239 to .269.
Coming back from two sub-par, injury-riddled seasons, Teixeira has been touted as a candidate for the Comeback Player of the Year. However, with 28 home runs and 73 RBI with 60 games left on the schedule, Tex is a solid candidate for the American League Most Valuable Player Award. Try to imagine where the Yankees would be without him.
No. 7 proved lucky for Hall of Fame inductee
COOPERSTOWN, N.Y. — One of the many distinctions Mickey Mantle had in his legendary career was that for 45 years he was the only player who wore No. 7 to have his number retired. That changed this year when the Astros retired No. 7 in honor of Craig Biggio, who will be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame Sunday alongside Randy Johnson, Pedro Martinez and John Smoltz.
I chatted with Biggio, a native New Yorker from Smithtown, Long Island, who has made Houston his home, on the veranda of the Otesaga Hotel here about that situation. I asked him if he wore the number because of Mantle.
"No," he said. "Actually, I sort of got the number by accident."
Biggio recalled that in his second spring-training camp he asked for a number lower than the 67 he wore the previous year as a late-season callup.
"I had worn No. 44 when I played baseball and football in high school and hoped to get that number again," Biggio said. "But the equipment manager said I was too thin to wear a double number. So I asked him if I could have '4.' The problem was that another infielder had that number — Steve Lombardozzi, who was senior to me and had played on a World Series championship team [1987 Twins]. So they gave me No. 7, the only single digit that was available at the time.
"The irony is that Lombardozzi was cut just before we broke camp, and I made the team. I could have taken '4,' but since I made the team wearing '7' in camp, I figured I better keep it."
Biggio would have made Mickey proud. He was an All-Star at three positions (catcher, second base, center field) and banged out 3,060 hits, of which 668 were doubles, the fifth highest total in history and the most by a right-handed batter. The only players in front of him are left-handed hitting Tris Speaker (792), Stan Musial (725) and Ty Cobb (724) and switch hitter Pete Rose (746). The active leader among right-handed batters is Angels first baseman Albert Pujols with 574. Yankees designated hitter Alex Rodriguez has 532.
Betances does his part in AL All-Star victory
CINCINNATI — American League manager Ned Yost of the Royals came through for Dellin Betances. Aware that Betances never got out of the AL bullpen at last year's All-Star Game at Minneapolis, Yost told the righthander the seventh inning would be all his Tuesday night at Great American Ball Park.
Betances did his part in the AL's 6-3 victory that guaranteed home field advantage in the World Series to the league, although that did not help Yost last year as his Royals lost Game 7 at home to the Giants. Blame that on Madison Bumgarner.
The Yankees' set-up reliever got through the seventh unscathed, much like he has during the regular season. Working with a 5-2 lead thanks to a two-run rally in the top of the inning that was fueled in part by teammate Mark Teixeira, Betances retired Giants shortstop Brandon Crawford on a ground ball to second base. After walking Cubs rookie outfielder Kris Bryant, Betances came back to strike out Giants second baseman Joe Panick, the former St. John's University standout, and set down Diamondbacks outfielder A.J. Pollock on a grounder to third.
In the top of the seventh, Teixeira grounded out to the left side that pushed the Orioles' Manny Machado to third base from where he scored on a fly ball by the Rangers' Prince Fielder. Teixeira had a rougher time in the ninth inning as he made the final out of the game striking out on a 103-mph fastball by the Reds' Aroldis Chapman.
Brett Gardner, the Yankees' other representative in the game, also had a tough night. He was called out on strikes in both of his at-bats, in the fifth inning against the Dodgers' Clayton Kershaw and in the eighth against former Yankees teammate Mark Melancon, now the closer for the Pirates.
It was also announced during the All-Star festivities the Franchise Four for each of the 30 clubs in a vote of fans. The Baseball Writers' Association of America took part in setting up the ballot of eight players from each franchise (full disclosure: I was the BBWAA voter assigned to the Yankees).
It should come as no surprise that the Yanks' Franchise Four were the team's Mount Rushmore: Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Joe DiMaggio and Mickey Mantle. It is pretty hard to break through that quartet. Younger fans may wonder about Derek Jeter and Mariano Rivera considering all the club records they have, but the other four men helped shape the franchise and are among the most decorated players in baseball history.
For the record, the eight players on the Yankees' ballot in addition to the four were Jeter, Rivera, Yogi Berra and Whitey Ford. Believe me, it was hard to leave players like Bill Dickey and Don Mattingly off that list. This was one of those promotions where the Yankees were hurt because of the richness of their history.
There was a nice moment before the game where the four men voted the game's greatest living players came onto the field — Hank Aaron, Johnny Bench, Sandy Koufax and Willie Mays. I had three of those players on my ballot but chose Yogi over Koufax in a close call. Some might say that Berra belonged there more than Bench, but even Yogi told me once that he thinks JB was the best catcher who ever lived.
Tex climbing up switch-hitter HR list
A nagging lat injury that kept Mark Teixeira out of the lineup Monday night at Toronto did not get in the way of his moving up the list of switch-hitting home run hitters Tuesday night.
Back at first base for the Yankees, Tex drove a first-pitch fastball off Blue Jays righthander Marco Estrada to right-center field for a two-run home run in the fifth inning that pushed the Yankees' lead to 5-0 behind Michael Pineda.
The dinger was career number 373 for Teixeira, who tied teammate Carlos Beltran for fifth place on the career list of home runs by switch hitters. The only players ahead of the Yanks duo are Chipper Jones at 468, Eddie Murray at 504 and all-time leader Mickey Mantle at 536. All of the Mick's were with the Yankees, so Teixeira and Beltran are nowhere near the club record. Teixeira has 170 home runs with the Yankees and Beltran 15.
Tex's latest homer continued his extra-base hit trend this season. He has 18 hits, of which 15 are for extra bases — five doubles and 10 home runs. A notoriously slow starter, Teixeira has traditionally heated up in May (.281 career average), so despite a less than robust .205 batting average he is well ahead of his usual offensive pace.
60th anniversary of "Elliie" integrating Yankees
There is a very good article in the April edition of Yankees Magazine by Bergen Record baseball columnist Bob Klapisch, "Honoring Ellie," that details the life and career of the late Elston Howard, the first African-American player in franchise history.
Tuesday marked the 60th anniversary of Howard's first game with the Yankees April 14, 1955, an 8-4 Red Sox victory at Fenway Park. Howard entered the game as a defensive replacement for Irv Noren in left field in the sixth inning. Two innings later, Howard got his first major-league hit and RBI in his first time up in the big leagues with a single that scored Mickey Mantle from second base.
Howard was used in the outfield and first base as well as serving as Yogi Berra's primary backup catcher in the 1950s until he took over as the No. 1 catcher in 1960 with Yogi moving into a platoon in left field with Hector Lopez and catching on occasion.
Howard won two Gold Gloves for his defensive work behind the plate and was a major contributor to nine American League pennan-winning teams in his first 10 seasons with the club. The New York Chapter of the Baseball Writers' Association of America honored him with its Babe Ruth Award as the outstanding player of the 1958 World Series. Five years later, Howard was again tabbed by the BBWAA as the AL Most Valuable Player for a 1963 season in which he batted .287 with 28 home runs and 85 RBI.
Ellie played in 11 All-Star Games and in 10 World Series overall (including 1967 after being traded to the Red Sox). A clubhouse leader as a player from 1955-67 and as a Yankees coach from 1969-79, Howard's dignified manner and competitive spirit set a powerful example.
A little-known fact about Ellie is that he was credited with having developed the "doughnut," the weighted circular device players use on their bats in the on-deck circle. Howard died in 1980 at the age of 51.
Stephen Drew's pinch-hit, go-ahead grand slam in the seventh inning Monday night at Baltimore marked the first pinch-hit grand slam for the Yankees since Jorge Posada June 6, 2001, also against the Orioles and Mike Trombley. According to the Elias Bureau, since 1980, the only other Yankees players to hit a pinch-hit, go-ahead grand slam are Posada and Glenallen Hill (2000). It was Drew's third career grand slam, his first for the Yankees and first overall since May 15, 2013 for the Red Sox at St. Petersburg, Fla. It was Drew's second career pinch-hit home run. The other was Sept. 30, 2006 for the Diamondbacks off the Padres' Cla Meredith.
The Yankees are back to being the Bronx Bombers. With 12 home runs in seven games this season, the Yanks are tied with Baltimore for the major league lead. They did not reach a dozen homers in 2014 until their 12th game. . .Michael Pineda struck out nine batters without issuing a walk Monday night at Camden Yards. CC Sabathia, Tuesday night's scheduled starter, had eight strikeouts and no walks last Thursday against the Blue Jays. Only two other pitchers in the majors have recorded games with no walks and at least eight strikeouts: the Dodgers' Brandon McCarthy and the Tigers' Anibal Sanchez.
Select the Yankees' "Mount Rushmore" players
Got an idea which four players in Yankees history should qualify as the "Mount Rushmore" of the franchise? You will have the opportunity to express your opinion in Major League Baseball's "Franchise Four" campaign that begins today.
Fans may visit MLB.com/FranchiseFour to select the four most impactful players who best represent the history of each franchise
out of eight choices from its lineage. An additional write-in option will be available to fans on the ballot, which can also be accessed on their mobile devices. The balloting runs through Friday, May 8.
categories in the sport's history. The winners of the month-long period of fan voting on MLB.com/FranchiseFour will be announced during pregame ceremonies at the 86th All-Star
Game Tuesday, July 14, at Great American Ball Park in Cincinnati.
The eight players on the ballot were selected based on the recommendations of a blue-ribbon panel in consultation with the 30 clubs. The panel was asked to identify "the most impactful
players who best represent the history of each franchise [or special category"] for the ballot. Panelists were MLB's official historian John Thorn and representatives from MLB's official
statistician, the Elias Sports Bureau; MLB.com; MLB Network; and the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA). In addition to the 30 franchises, fans may vote for three special categories: the "Greatest Living Players"; the greatest Negro Leagues Players; and the sport's greatest Pioneers, encompassing players whose careers began more than a century ago.
"The All-Star Game is a celebration of the National Pastime, and Cincinnati's rich baseball heritage makes it a perfect venue to highlight the great players who are synonymous with our clubs and those who played pivotal roles in the game's history," MLB chief operating officer Tony Petitti said. "We believe that the 'Franchise Four' campaign will engage fans in a fun and meaningful way and will link the past and the present in the manner that Baseball does so uniquely."
Full disclosure: I was on the BBWAA voting committee and submitted my eight choices for the Yankees. They were precisely the eight players who made the ballot — alphabetically Yogi Berra, Joe DiMaggio, Whitey Ford, Lou Gehrig, Derek Jeter, Mickey Mantle, Mariano Rivera and Babe Ruth. If I were voting for a ninth player, I would go with Bill Dickey by a slight margin over Don Mattingly.
The Yankees' franchise is so rich with success that narrowing the field down to eight was a chore. I felt bad about having to leave off Dickey or Mattingly, not to mention such worthy choices as Red Ruffing, Lefty Gomez, Dave Winfield, Thurman Munson, Ron Guidry, Bernie Williams, Jorge Posada and Andy Pettitte. As for stars like Reggie Jackson and Rickey Henderson, their time with the Yankees was not long enough to qualify, in my view. But your view may be different, so give your opinion by logging on to MLB.com/Franchise Four.
The full ballot:
American League East
Baltimore Orioles (including St. Louis Browns): Paul Blair, Dave McNally, Eddie Murray, Jim Palmer, Boog Powell, Cal Ripken Jr., Brooks Robinson, Frank Robinson.
Boston Red Sox: Dwight Evans, Carlton Fisk, Pedro Martinez, David Ortiz, Jim Rice, Ted Williams, Carl Yastrzemski, Cy Young.
New York Yankees: Yogi Berra, Joe DiMaggio, Whitey Ford, Lou Gehrig, Derek Jeter, Mickey Mantle, Mariano Rivera, Babe Ruth.
Tampa Bay Rays: Carl Crawford, Scott Kazmir, Evan Longoria, Carlos Peña, David Price, James Shields, Melvin Upton Jr., Ben Zobrist.
Toronto Blue Jays: Roberto Alomar, Jose Bautista, George Bell, Joe Carter, Carlos Delgado, Tony Fernandez, Roy Halladay, Dave Stieb.
American League Central
Chicago White Sox: Luis Aparicio, Luke Appling, Harold Baines, Eddie Collins, Nellie Fox, Paul Konerko, Minnie Minoso, Frank Thomas.
Cleveland Indians: Earl Averill, Lou Boudreau, Larry Doby, Bob Feller, Nap Lajoie, Tris Speaker, Jim Thome, Omar Vizquel.
Detroit Tigers: Miguel Cabrera, Ty Cobb, Sam Crawford, Charlie Gehringer, Hank Greenberg, Al Kaline, Alan Trammell, Justin Verlander.
Kansas City Royals: George Brett, Alex Gordon, Hal McRae, Amos Otis, Dan Quisenberry, Bret Saberhagen, Frank White, Willie Wilson.
Minnesota Twins (incl. original Washington Senators): Bert Blyleven, Rod Carew, Walter Johnson, Jim Kaat, Harmon Killebrew, Joe Mauer, Tony Oliva, Kirby Puckett.
American League West
Houston Astros: Jeff Bagwell, Lance Berkman, Craig Biggio, Jose Cruz, J.R. Richard, Nolan Ryan, Mike Scott, Jimmy Wynn.
Los Angeles Angels: Garret Anderson, Brian Downing, Chuck Finley, Jim Fregosi, Vladimir Guerrero, Nolan Ryan, Tim Salmon, Mike Trout.
Oakland Athletics (incl. Philadelphia and Kansas City): Dennis Eckersley, Rollie Fingers, Jimmie Foxx, Lefty Grove, Rickey Henderson, Jim "Catfish" Hunter, Reggie Jackson, Al Simmons.
Seattle Mariners: Jay Buhner, Alvin Davis, Ken Griffey Jr., Felix Hernandez, Randy Johnson, Edgar Martinez, Jamie Moyer, Ichiro Suzuki.
Texas Rangers (incl. expansion Washington Senators): Adrian Beltre, Juan Gonzalez, Josh Hamilton, Frank Howard, Rafael Palmeiro, Ivan Rodriguez, Nolan Ryan, Michael Young.
National League East
Atlanta Braves (incl. Boston and Atlanta): Hank Aaron, Tom Glavine, Chipper Jones, Greg Maddux, Eddie Mathews, Dale Murphy, John Smoltz, Warren Spahn.
Miami Marlins: Josh Beckett, Luis Castillo, Jeff Conine, Livan Hernandez, Charles Johnson, Mike Lowell, Gary Sheffield, Giancarlo Stanton.
New York Mets: Gary Carter, John Franco, Dwight Gooden, Keith Hernandez, Mike Piazza, Tom Seaver, Darryl Strawberry, David Wright.
Philadelphia Phillies: Richie Ashburn, Jim Bunning, Steve Carlton, Chuck Klein, Robin Roberts, Jimmy Rollins, Mike Schmidt, Chase Utley.
Washington Nationals (incl. Montreal Expos): Gary Carter, Andre Dawson, Vladimir Guerrero, Dennis Martinez, Tim Raines, Steve Rogers, Rusty Staub, Ryan Zimmerman.
National League Central
Chicago Cubs: Ernie Banks, Mordecai "Three Finger" Brown, Gabby Hartnett, Ferguson Jenkins, Ryne Sandberg, Ron Santo, Sammy Sosa, Billy Williams.
Cincinnati Reds: Johnny Bench, Dave Concepcion, Eric Davis, Barry Larkin, Joe Morgan, Tony Perez, Frank Robinson, Pete Rose.
Milwaukee Brewers: Ryan Braun, Cecil Cooper, Prince Fielder, Rollie Fingers, Jim Gantner, Paul Molitor, Gorman Thomas, Robin Yount.
Pittsburgh Pirates: Barry Bonds, Roberto Clemente, Ralph Kiner, Bill Mazeroski, Willie Stargell, Pie Traynor, Honus Wagner, Paul Waner.
St. Louis Cardinals: Lou Brock, Dizzy Dean, Bob Gibson, Rogers Hornsby, Stan Musial, Albert Pujols, Red Schoendienst, Ozzie Smith.
National League West
Arizona Diamondbacks: Steve Finley, Paul Goldschmidt, Luis Gonzalez, Mark Grace, Randy Johnson, Curt Schilling, Brandon Webb, Matt Williams.
Colorado Rockies: Dante Bichette, Vinny Castilla, Andres Galarraga, Carlos Gonzalez, Todd Helton, Matt Holliday, Troy Tulowitzki, Larry Walker.
Los Angeles Dodgers (incl. Brooklyn): Roy Campanella, Don Drysdale, Steve Garvey, Clayton Kershaw, Sandy Koufax, Jackie Robinson, Duke Snider, Fernando Valenzuela.
San Diego Padres: Nate Colbert, Steve Garvey, Adrian Gonzalez, Tony Gwynn, Trevor Hoffman, Randy Jones, Jake Peavy, Dave Winfield.
San Francisco Giants (incl. New York): Barry Bonds, Orlando Cepeda, Juan Marichal, Christy Mathewson, Willie Mays, Willie McCovey, Mel Ott, Buster Posey.
Greatest Living Players
Hank Aaron, Johnny Bench, Barry Bonds, Rickey Henderson, Sandy Koufax, Pedro Martinez, Willie Mays, Tom Seaver.
Greatest Negro Leagues Players
Cool Papa Bell, Oscar Charleston, Martin Dihigo, Josh Gibson, Judy Johnson, Buck Leonard, Buck O'Neil, Satchel Paige.
Greatest Pioneers (Pre-1915)
Grover Cleveland Alexander, Cap Anson, Buck Ewing, Wee Willie Keeler, Mike "King" Kelly, Kid Nichols, George Sisler, George Wright.
Jeter runs it out as usual in final big-league game
Once you saw Carl Yastrzemski on the field at Fenway Park before Sunday's season finale that marked Derek Jeter's last major-league game you know this was a big deal. Yaz is one of the most reclusive former athletes in the world. He was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1989 and has gone back for a ceremony only twice, in 2000 and 2009 for the inductions of former teammates Carlton Fisk and Jim Rice, respectively.
So there was Yaz on the Fenway infield with other Boston stars of the past – Rice, Luis Tiant, Rico Petrocelli, Fred Lynn, Tim Wakefield and Jason Varitek – all decked out in Red Sox jerseys to pay homage to a star of the Yankees. The Red Sox did it up big for the Yanks' captain. Along with Varitek, DJ's counterpart with the Red Sox, former captains of Boston's other pro sports teams – Bobby Orr (Bruins), Troy Brown (Patriots) and Paul Pierce (Celtics) – were on hand for the pregame ceremony as well.
The Red Sox had taken a tongue-in-cheek approach to Mariano Rivera's farewell last year, and it laid a huge egg. They made up for that this year with a grand sendoff for Jeter. David Ortiz and Red Sox shortstop Zander Bogaerts presented Jeter with a sign made up of Fenway scoreboard lettering reading, "Re2spect," and second baseman Dustin Pedroia, who became friendly with Jeter when they were teammates on the USA team in the World Baseball Classic several years ago, handed the retiring icon second base with No. 2 in pinstripes across the front. The Red Sox organization also gave Jeter a $22,222.22 donation to the Captain's Turn2 Foundation, equaling the largest check he received from an opposing team, that of the Mets. Major League Baseball had also given Jeter a check for that amount, but not surprisingly the Yankees came up with the largest donation of all — $222,222.22.
There had been some speculation that Jeter might pull a Ted Williams and not play in the three-game series following his triumphant final game at Yankee Stadium Thursday night when he had the game-winning hit. Teddy Ballgame homered in his final Fenway at-bat in 1960 and decided not even to go to New York for the last series considering the Yankees had already clinched the American League pennant. Well, the Yankees were out of contention this week, too, something Jeter was not accustomed to, but out of respect for the game and the supporters of the Yankees' biggest rivals he made the trip to Boston.
There were no such things as farewell tours years ago. Players would receive a standing ovation and then just go home. In fact, Jeter's last game came on the 46th anniversary of Mickey Mantle's last big-league appearance, also at Fenway Park. The Mick started at first base but never took the field. He batted in the first inning, popped out to shortstop, and was replaced at his position by Andy Kosco. Unlike Jeter, however, Mantle did not announce his retirement in that season of 1968 but rather the following March before the start of spring training in 1969.
Jeter had made a pact with manager Joe Girardi that he would make two plate appearances as the designated hitter, the same as he did Saturday. Jeter did not play Friday night because he was exhausted from all the tension and excitement of his Stadium exit game as well as his last as a shortstop. DJ lined out to short in the first inning. Batting with Ichiro Suzuki on third base after hitting a two-run triple in the third, Jeter hit chopper off the plate and beat it out for a single that drove in a run, his 50th RBI of the season, and settled his career hit total at 3,465, sixth on the all-time list.
At that point, Jeter came out of the game for a pinch runner, of all people, Brian McCann, one of the slowest runners in the majors (he even lost a pregame footrace to Mark Teixeira). Unlike last Thursday night when his emotions nearly got the best of him, Jeter was calm and flashed often his signature smile. While he left the game, he did not leave the dugout and cheered on his mates through a 9-5 victory.
The Red Sox had one more cool surprise for Jeter. They arranged for Bernie Williams, former Yankees center fielder and current road musician, to play "Take Me Out to the Ballgame" on his guitar for his old teammate during the seventh-inning stretch, a poignant moment that echoed the end of an era for the Yankees. Perhaps that is why the Red Sox celebrated the day.
Jeter, not always comfortable with the out-of-town attention this year and under some criticism lately for what seemed at times an over-merchandizing of his farewell tour, was grateful to the Red Sox for this parting glass.
What I will take mostly from this game was Jeter's hit itself. He ran hard to first base as he did from Day One in a Yankees uniform, forcing an infielder to hurry and eventually be unable to make the play. Most Yankees fans would have surely loved to see Jeet rip one over the Green Monster to finish off his career, but the dash to first base exemplified what Jeter was all about the past 20 years. You run everything out. It is the only way he played every day.
Commissioner honors Jeter with prestigious award
The accolades keep coming Derek Jeter's way in his final week of regular-season play. Despite all these goodbyes, there is the possibility however remote that the Yankees could get to play in October since they have not yet been mathematically eliminated from the post-season.
Commissioner Bud Selig, himself at the end of his career, made his farewell-tour stop at Yankee Stadium Tuesday and presented Jeter with the Commissioner's Historic Achievement Award, an honor created in 1998 to take note of special accomplishments in the game. Mariano Rivera received the award last year in his last season. Earlier this month, legendary Dodgers broadcaster Vin Scully also received the award. Jeter is the 15th recipient of the award.
Speaking at a news conference before Tuesday night's Yankees-Orioles game, Selig said, "When I was kid, as I reminisced the other day, my favorite player was Joe DiMaggio. What Joe D meant to my generation, Derek has meant to his. I've been overjoyed to see Derek join the heroes of my youth — Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Mickey Mantle and all the other greats. He is a great champion in every way."
"It means a lot for the commissioner to take the time and present me with this award," Jeter said. "I've always had the utmost respect for him throughout my career. As he said, our careers have paralleled. He is the only commissioner that I played under. We had a great relationship throughout the years. For him to take the time to present me with this award that hasn't been handed out too much, it is something that I will definitely cherish."
The commissioner also presented on behalf of Major League Baseball a check for $222,222.22 to Jeter's Turn2 Foundation, which brings the total of donations to the Captain's charity on his farewell tour across the majors to more than $575,000. MLB's donation equaled that of the Yankees' gift of $222,222.22, which they presented on Derek Jeter day at the Stadium Sept. 7.
Gardner clocks Yanks' 15,000th homer
Ordinarily you might think Brett Gardner would be one of the last players on the Yankees who would have hit an historic home run. Gardner was known primarily as a singles hitter with occasional pop, but this year the outfielder has displayed much more muscle at the plate.
Gardner, who has had his struggles lately while coming back from an abdominal injury, swung his way into the franchise record book in the fifth inning Sunday when he connected on a 3-2 fastball from Blue Jays righthander Drew Hutchison for a home run to right field that unlocked a 1-1 score.
It was the 17th home run of the year for Gardner, whose previous career high for homers in a season was eight in 2013. Even more importantly, Gardner's blow off 94-mph heat was the Yankees' 15,000th home run, the most in major-league history. The Yanks had gotten to 14,999 in the first inning on a solo homer to right by Brian McCann.
Gardner joins the list of Yankees with milestone homers:
1,000: Bob Muesel, off Boston's Paul Zahniser in a 4-2 victory Sept. 2, 1925 at Yankee Stadium.
5,000: Mickey Mantle, off the Tigers' Billy Hoeft in a 10-8 loss Aug. 8, 1954 at Detroit.
10,000: Claudell Washington, off Minnesota's Jeff Reardon in a 7-6 victory April 20, 1988 at Minneapolis.
The Elias Sports Bureau reports that the Yankees are the only team in major-league history with more than 14,000 home runs. The Giants are second, more than 1,000 homers behind.
Yankees deep-6 number for Joe Torre
And then there was one, which is actually two.
The discussion is about uniform numbers. The Yankees retired No. 6 for Joe Torre Saturday. It occurred to the popular former manager that the shortstop he brought to the major leagues and nurtured through his early career has another distinction besides being the Yankees' all-time leader in games played and hits.
Looking into the dugout where Derek Jeter was leaning against the railing from the top step, Torre said to the sellout crowd of 47,594 in the pregame ceremony, "There's one single digit left out there."
That would be Jeter's No. 2, the only single digit not yet retired by the Yankees but definitely will be at some point, perhaps as early as next year following his retirement. Yogi Berra, one of the two No. 8's retired (fellow catcher Bill Dickey is the other) took part in the ceremony, along with several former players, including two others who have had their uniform numbers retired, Reggie Jackson (44) and Ron Guidry (49).
Berra and Dickey are in that group of single-digit retired numbers that also features Billy Martin (1), Babe Ruth (3), Lou Gehrig (4), Joe DiMaggio (5), Mickey Mantle (7) and Roger Maris (9). So DJ now stands alone.
Torre, his wife Ali and other members of the family began the ceremony in Monument Park where he unveiled his number and plaque alongside Yankees managing general partner Hal Steinbrenner and general partner Jennifer Steinbrenner Swindal. They eventually made their way to the center of the field for the ceremony amid former players David Cone, Hideki Matsui, Paul O'Neill, Tino Martinez, Bernie Williams, Jorge Posada and Andy Pettitte; former coaches Guidry, Willie Randolph, Jose Cardenal and Lee Mazzilli; longtime managers Tony La Russa (who was inducted into the Hall of Fame this year with Torre) and Jim Leyland; former trainer Gene Monahan and Jackson.
An especially nice touch was Jeter escorting Jean Zimmer from the dugout to the field. Known by her nickname, "Soot," she is the widow of the late Don Zimmer, Joe's longtime bench coach. There was also a touching video message from former Yankees pitcher and pitching coach Mel Stottlemyre, who was unable to travel to the event.
Yankees manager Joe Girardi, who served for Torre both as a catcher and a bench coach, presented his old boss with a framed version of his Monument Park plaque. Hal Steinbrenner and his wife, Christina, presented a framed version of No. 6. Jennifer Steinbrenner Swindal on behalf of the organization gave Torre a diamond ring with No. 6 embossed in the center.
Observing all this from the visitor's dugout was another of Torre's former players, White Sox manager Robinb Ventura.
"It feels like the World Series all over again," Torre told the crowd. "To have a number retired for any team is something special, but when you're talking about the history and tradition of the New York Yankees, it is a feeling you can't describe. There wouldn't have been a Cooperstown without Yankee Stadium. I want to thank Randy Levine, Lonn Trost and Brian Cashman and the woman behind the scenes, Debbie Tymon, who does so much for this organization. Arthur Richman mentioned my name to George, but it was Stick Michael who recommended me for the job."
And what a job Torre did. The Yankees reached postseason play in all 12 of his managerial seasons and won six pennants and four World Series, including three in a row from 1998-2000.
Torre acknowledged his gratitude to the late owner George Steinbrenner for taking Gene Michael's advice and hiring him despite a resume that included mediocre results as a manager with the Mets, Braves and Cardinals, the same three clubs for whom he had played during a 16-season career. The kid from Brooklyn who grew up a New York Giants fan clearly fell in love with the pinstripes.
"George gave me the greatest opportunity in my professional life," Torre said, "I played in the majors for 16 years, but they could never match my 12 years in Yankees pinstripes. I will be forever grateful to the Steinbrenner family for trusting me with this team.
"One thing you never forget or lose feeling for are you people, all of you people, and it continues. I walk around and people thank me. They don't realize what a good time i had. New York fans make this city a small town. When you get to this ballpark you feel the heartbeat, and it's something that does not go away.
"It's a short distance from the old Stadium to here but a long, long way from the field to Monument Park. I was blessed to make that journey on the shoulders of some very special players."
In his previous managerial stops, Torre had worn No. 9, but he could not get that with the Yankees because it had been retired for Maris. Early in his playing career with the Braves, Torre wore No. 15 (his brother, Frank, had No. 14), but that was also not available with the Yankees since it was retired in honor of the late Thurman Munson.
Actually, Torre is one of four Hall of Famers who have worn No. 6 for the Yankees. Some fans may not know that Mickey Mantle wore No. 6 as a rookie in 1951 before switching to 7 the next year. Tony Lazzeri was the Yankees' first No. 6, followed by his successor at second base, Joe Gordon.
Perhaps some karma was in the air because the Yankees second baseman Saturday, Martin Prado, was a huge factor in their 5-3 victory over the White Sox that was a fitting accompaniment to the afternoon.
Prado, who won Friday night's game with a walk-off single in the ninth inning, had a part in four of the Yankees' runs Saturday. His bunt single in the second helped build a run that subsequently scored on a double play. He drove in two runs in the fourth with the first of his two doubles in the game. He also doubled in the sixth and scored on a fly ball by Stephen Drew. Carlos Beltran drove in the other Yanks' run in the sixth with his 15th home run.
Perhaps the only thing more appropriate would have been if the Yankees had scored six runs. What is definitely appropriate is that the number was retired for the person who wore it the longest, one more year than the player who had it for 11 seasons, Roy White (1969-79).
Now all that awaits is the day when Jeter, who got a rare day off Saturday, completes the single-digit retirement.


text:
My spouse and I signed a 90 listing agreement. We decided after a month on the market, with no showings and numerous problems with the agent, to ask to have the listing cancelled. Needless to say, this has turned into a nightmare. The agent we listed with is also the Broker/Owner of this particular agency. The agent has told us that we now owe a $345.00 admin fee in order to cancel. In the listing agreement it only states that this admin fee is to be paid upon closing. When we asked for a copy of the listing agreement, the end date of the contract had been altered to reflect a 10 month contract!!!! It has been nearly 3 weeks since we asked to have the listing cancelled, so we sent a signed letter stating that this was our final, written notice that any and all listings and contracts were to be cancelled. The agent received this and our listing is still active on MLS and we are continuing to receive phone calls from the agent. Is my only option to contact a Real Estate Attorney at this point? Can the agent legally collect the admin fee?
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
|Researched by
|Georgina Budd
|Refereed by
|This information is not refereed.
|EUNIS Code
|EUNIS Name
|Lanice conchilega in littoral sand
|Lanice conchilega in littoral sand
|Lanice conchilega in littoral sand
|Lanice conchilega in littoral sand
|1997 Biotope
|Dense Lanice conchilega in tide-swept lower shore sand
This biotope usually occurs on flats of Medium to fine sand, which is usually clean but may contain some fines and supports dense populations of Lanice conchilega, usually on the lower shore but also sometimes on water-logged mid shores. The biotope occurs under tide-swept conditions in sheltered straits, sounds and fully marine sea lochs or on shores moderately exposed to wave action. The biotope is distinguished from others in sandy beaches by the presence of Lanice conchilega at levels of common and above or as the main polychaete component. Other polychaetes present are tolerant of sand scour or mobility of the surface levels of the sediment and include glycerid polychaetes, Anaitides mucosa, Nephtys cirrosa, Nephtys hombergii and Pygospio elegans. Few crustaceans are found regularly and the bivalve component is restricted to cockles Cerastoderma edule and more rarely Macoma balthica. Pebbles and cobbles may also be mixed in with lower shore tide-swept sand with dense Lanice conchilega between the cobbles, but the infaunal component is rarely sampled. The infaunal community under these circumstances, provided that the cobbles are not packed very close together, will be similar to that in areas of purer sand. Dense Lanice conchilega also occurs in shallow sublittoral sediments (IGS.Lcon). (Information taken from the Marine Biotope Classification for Britain and Ireland, Version 97.06: Connor et al., 1997a, b).
No text entered.
|Recorded distribution in Britain and Ireland
|Recorded from all coasts of England, Scotland and Wales on tide-swept sandy beaches. In Ireland the biotope has been recorded in Rosbin Cove, Roaringwater Bay, Co. Cork, and along the coast in Co. Wexford.
|Depth Range
|Lower shore, Mid shore
|Water clarity preferences
|Limiting Nutrients
|Not relevant
|Full (30-40 psu), Variable (18-40 psu)
|Open coast, Strait / sound
|Biological Zone
|Medium clean sand, Fine clean sand
|Moderately Strong 1 to 3 knots (0.5-1.5 m/sec.), Strong 3 to 6 knots (1.5-3 m/sec.)
|Moderately exposed, Sheltered, Very sheltered
|Other preferences
|Tidal streams
This MarLIN sensitivity assessment has been superseded by the MarESA approach to sensitivity assessment. MarLIN assessments used an approach that has now been modified to reflect the most recent conservation imperatives and terminology and are due to be updated by 2016/17.
|Community Importance
|Species name
|Common Name
|Important characterizing
|Cerastoderma edule
|Common cockle
|Key structural
|Lanice conchilega
|Sand mason worm
|Important characterizing
|Nephtys cirrosa
|A catworm
|Important characterizing
|Nephtys hombergii
|A catworm
|Species Richness
|Major decline
|Characterizing species within this biotope are infaunal and would therefore be removed along with the substratum. Intolerance has been assessed to be high because the species which characterize the biotope would be lost. Recoverability has been assessed to be high. See additional information below.
|Minor decline
|Although all of the species in the biotope are able to move within the substratum to some extent, some species live at specific depths and/or have to maintain contact with the surface. For instance, Ziegelmeier (1952) showed that Lanice conchilega increased the height of its tube top with increasing sedimentation so that it could continue feeding and respire. The bivalve Cerastoderma edule has short siphons and needs to keep in contact with the surface of the sediment. It will quickly burrow to the surface if covered by as little as 2 cm of sediment (Richardson et al., 1993b) but Jackson & James (1979) reported that cockles buried under 10 cm of sediment were unable to burrow back to the surface and over a period of six days 83% mortality was recorded. In the same experiment, most cockles buried to a depth of 5 cm were able to regain contact with the surface. In muddy substrata all cockles died between three and six days. Nephtys species are highly mobile within the sediment. Vader (1964) observed that Nephtys hombergii relocated throughout the tidal cycle and is unlikely to be affected by smothering with a sediment consistent with that of the habitat. Intolerance has been assessed to be intermediate as mortality of some cockles (especially smaller individuals) and probably other species may occur. At the benchmark level the composition of the community would probably not alter to the extent that the biotope would not be recognised. In years of good cockle recruitment recovery of the population may occur within a year, however, recruitment tends to be sporadic (see Cerastoderma edule, reproduction) and may take longer in 'bad' years.
|Very high
|Very Low
|No change
|Suspension feeding species within the biotope may benefit from an increase in suspended sediment, e.g. Lanice conchilega and Cerastoderma edule, especially if the suspended material includes a significant proportion of organic matter and food was previously limiting. Lanice conchilega uses its 'feeding crown' of tentacles to capture particles and unless the 'feeding crown' becomes clogged and requires excessive cleaning at energetic cost the species is unlikely to be especially affected. Navarro & Widdows (1997) considered that Cerastoderma edule was well adapted to living in environments with high concentrations of suspended sediment. The cockles compensate by increased pseudofaeces production but with concomitant loss of energy and carbon as mucus. The intolerance of the community has been assessed to be low as species may suffer loss of condition over the period of one month as a consequence of excessive clearance.
|Very high
|Minor decline
|A decrease in suspended sediment would reduce the amount of food available for suspension feeders such as Lanice conchilega and Cerastoderma edule. Deposit feeding polychaetes such as Arenicola marina are unlikely to be significantly affected, as over a period of one month deposits of organic matter are unlikely to become limiting as a consequence of reduced supply. Navarro & Widdows (1997) suggested that Cerastoderma edule was able to compensate for a decrease in particulate quality (i.e. proportion of organic to inorganic seston) between 1.6 to 300 mg/l, accomplished by excessive preingestive selection of organic particles, together with increasing filtration and rejection rates. Over a period of one month loss of condition may occur but mortality is considered to be unlikely and intolerance has been assessed to be low. On return to prior conditions optimal feeding is likely to resume and recoverability has been assessed to be very high.
|Minor decline
|In the eulittoral the biotope experiences regular periods of emersion and hence the biotope is subjected to desiccation. The majority of the species in the biotope live infaunally and so are likely to be protected from desiccation stress. For instance, Lanice conchilega can retract into its tube, which can be up to 65cm long and bivalves, such as Cerastoderma edule are able to respond to desiccation stress by valve adduction during periods of emersion, so it is likely that bivalves would be able to retain enough water within their shells to avoid mortality. Mobile species such as polychaetes and amphipods are able to migrate and avoid the factor. During especially hot summers mortality of sessile species might be expected in the mid eulittoral owing to effects of desiccation and an intolerance assessment of intermediate is reported. Recoverability has been assessed to be high (see additional information below).
|The majority of the species in the biotope, including the important characterizing species, live infaunally and are therefore protected from the short term stresses of an increase in emergence regime. However, over time the increased emergence would be likely to result in an energetic cost due to reduced feeding opportunities. Many of the species, e.g. mobile polychaetes and amphipods, would be able to relocate to their preferred position on the shore. Lanice conchilega is not a mobile species and mortalities might be expected as a result of increased predation by birds, increased exposure to desiccation and changes in temperature. Over a period of one year a decrease in the density of Lanice conchilega may occur and intolerance has been assessed to be intermediate. The biotope would probably still be recognizable but would be impoverished.
|Not sensitive
|Lanice conchilega also thrives in the shallow subtidal zone (See A5.137 - Dense Lanice conchilega and other polychaetes in tide swept infralittoral sand) therefore would not be intolerant of a decreased emergence regime. It is possible that decreased emergence would allow Lanice conchilega and other species in the biotope to colonize further up the shore. Hence, not sensitive* has been recorded.
|The nature of the substratum is, in part, determined by the hydrodynamic regime including water flow rate. Changes in the water flow rate will change the sediment structure and have concomitant effects on the community, as many sediment dwelling species have defined substratum preferences (e.g. amphipods such as Bathyporeia pelagica). Moderate to high velocities of water flow have been reported to enhance settlement of Lanice conchilega larvae (Harvey & Bourget, 1995), but the benchmark increase in water flow from moderately strong to very strong, would probably winnow away smaller particulates, increasing average particle size in favour of gravels and pebbles. Therefore, the density of the Lanice conchilega population would decline, in part due to lack of suitable substrata with which to build its tubes, and partly from interference with its feeding. In the absence of Lanice conchilega the biotope would not be recognized and intolerance has been assessed to be high. The community would probably become dominated by water flow tolerant species with a preference for/or tolerant of a coarser more mobile substratum, e.g. crustaceans (burrowing haustoriid and oedecerotid amphipods) and errant polychaetes (Elliott et al., 1998). Intolerance has been assessed to be high as the dense Lanice biotope would not be recognized. On return to prior conditions recovery of the Lanice conchilega dominated community is probable, although recovery may take several years as recolonization would be dependent on larval recruitment, which is more successful in the presence of conspecific adults.
|Not sensitive*
|No change
|The nature of the substratum is, in part, determined by the hydrodynamic regime including water flow rate. Changes in the water flow rate will change the sediment structure and have concomitant effects on the community.
Reduced water flow is a factor that has been identified as affecting the density of Lanice conchilega. Recruitment to the benthos is reduced under low flow as a result of reduced turbulence (Harvey & Bourget, 1995). Furthermore, at the benchmark level, decreased water flow rate would probably increase deposition of finer sediments, and increase siltation. The sediment would probably begin to favour deposit feeders and detritivores, to the detriment of the suspension feeders. The average grain size of the sediment would be reduced, and the community may start to be replaced over a period of one year by communities more characteristic of muddy sands, e.g. predominantly sessile tube-dwelling polychaetes and bivalves that primarily deposit feed, e.g. Macoma balthica. Intolerance has been assessed to be high as the Lanice conchilega biotope would not be recognized. Recovery is likely on return to prior conditions, but a transitional community may persist for several years.
|Minor decline
|The distribution of polychaete and bivalve species characteristic of the biotope extend to the south of the British Isles, so are likely to be tolerant of a long-term chronic temperature increase of 2 °C , e.g. Cerastoderma edule (Wilson, 1993). In the intertidal, acute temperature increases at the surface can be avoided to some extent by burrowing, however, in very hot weather mortalities can occur, but it is rarely clear whether such mortalities are a direct result of high temperatures or an indirect consequence of oxygen deficiency resulting from increased bacterial activity and oxygen consumption. Lethal temperatures (LT50) have been reported for some species, e.g. Ansell et al. (1981) reported an upper median lethal temperature of 35 °C after 24 hrs (29 °C after 96 hrs), whilst Wilson (1981) reported an upper LT50 of 42.5 °C for Cerastoderma edule. However, temperatures in excess of 20 °C within the substratum are likely to be uncommon in the British Isles. An intolerance assessment of intermediate has been made as some individuals may die as a consequence of acute increases in temperature. Recoverability has been assessed to be high (see additional information below).
|Major decline
|Although recorded to the north of the British Isles, the dominant and key structural polychaete Lanice conchilega is intolerant of acute decreases in temperature (Beukema, 1990). An intertidal population of Lanice conchilega, in the northern Wadden Sea, was wiped out during the severe ice winter of 1995/96 (Strasser & Pielouth, 2001), and Crisp (1964) described mortality of Lanice conchilega between the tidemarks but not at lower levels during the severe winter of 1962/63.
Other characterizing species in the biotope are recorded to the north of the British Isles and therefore are likely to be tolerant of a long-term chronic decrease in temperature, but also may be vulnerable to acute temperature decreases. For example, high mortalities of cockle populations attributed to severe winters have been reported by many authors (Kristensen, 1958; Hancock & Urquhart, 1964; Beukema, 1990; Ducrotoy et al., 1991) and high shore populations are likely to be more vulnerable to extremes of temperature owing to their longer emergence time. Other infaunal species may be protected to some extent by the ability to burrow deeper within the sediment. Intolerance has been assessed to be high as evidence suggests that intertidal populations of Lanice conchilega and Cerastoderma edule are vulnerable to acute decreases in temperature. Recoverability has been assessed to be high. Following the severe winter in the Dutch Wadden Sea, a population of Lanice conchilega took three years to fully recover, as there was low recruitment for the first two years (Strasser & Pielouth, 2001). Cerastoderma edule may recover within a year, however, given the sporadic nature of recruitment in the species, recovery may be more protracted and take several years.
|Very high
|Very Low
|No change
|Production within the biotope is predominantly secondary, derived from detritus and to some extent phytoplanktonic production. Characteristic infauna do not require light and therefore the effects of increased turbidity on light attenuation are not directly relevant. However an increase in turbidity may affect primary production by phytoplankton and the microphytobenthos thereby affecting food supply. However as organic material would be transported in to the biotope from other areas on the flood tide the effect of increased turbidity may be mitigated to some extent. At the benchmark level increased turbidity persists for a year, so reduced food availability may affect the condition of species and an intolerance of low has been recorded. As soon as light levels return to normal, phytoplanktonic and microphytobenthic primary production would increase, the species would resume optimal feeding, so recoverability has been assessed to be very high.
|Not sensitive
|No change
|It is possible that decreased turbidity would increase primary production in the water column by phytoplankton and by the microphytobenthos of the interstices of the sand. Increased food availability may enhance growth and reproduction of both suspension and deposit feeding species but only if food was previously limiting. An intolerance assessment of not sensitive* has been made.
|Major decline
|The predominant factor controlling the intertidal community is wave exposure (Eleftheriou & McIntyre, 1976), and a sedentary fauna of sedentary tube dwelling polychaetes, such as Lanice conchilega, and long-lived bivalves dominate in sheltered areas (Elliott et al., 1998). Such communities are likely to be severely affected by increased wave exposure for the period of one year and a large reduction in species richness and abundance is likely, owing to wash-out, disrupted feeding and burrowing activity in addition to inhibited recruitment by larvae. A transitional community of opportunistic species is likely to result, consisting of agile haustoriid (Bathyporeia spp.) and oedecerotid (Pontocrates spp.) amphipods and errant polychaetes in which diversity increases towards the low shore area (Eleftheriou & McIntyre, 1976). The biotope would change to another, e.g. A2.223 (Burrowing amphipods and polychaetes in clean sand shores) and thus intolerance has been assessed to be high. Recoverability of the Lanice conchilega community would be determined by the degree of change. Over a period of one year, a change in shore topography (gradient and shore width) and grain size is likely following intense wave action, with concomitant changes in the physical and biological integrity of the habitat, perhaps leading to a persisting change in community composition despite a return to prior conditions. However, a succession in the type of species that dominate the habitat is likely as species that were lost as a result of increased exposure gradually return. A recoverability of moderate has been suggested.
|Not sensitive*
|No change
|The biotope occurs in 'moderately' to 'very sheltered' locations (Connor et al., 1997a). A further decrease in wave exposure may result in increased siltation and a consequent change in sediment characteristics (Hiscock, 1983). A substratum with a higher proportion of fine sediment would probably result in the increased abundance of the deposit feeders within the biotope, particularly species which favour finer sediments, such as the polychaete Aphelochaeta marioni and the echinoid Echinocardium cordatum. However, in the absence of wave action, tidal flow is likely to be a more significant factor structuring the community, replenishing oxygen, supplying planktonic recruits and would maintain a supply of suspended organic matter in suspension for suspension feeders. Therefore the biotope has been assessed not to be sensitive.
|Not relevant
|Not relevant
|Not relevant
|Species within the biotope can probably detect vibrations caused by noise and in response may retreat in to the sediment for protection. However, at the benchmark level the community is unlikely to be sensitive to noise.
|Not relevant
|Not relevant
|Not relevant
|Important characterizing species within the biotope may possess the visual acuity to detect changes in light or predators if active at the surface, but are likely to be not sensitive to the visual presence of boats etc. in their vicinity and an assessment of not sensitive has been suggested.
|Minor decline
|Lanice conchilega inhabits a permanent tube and is likely to be damaged by any object that penetrates or drags through the sediment, as are all other infaunal polychaetes. Ferns et al. (2000) recorded significant losses of common infaunal polychaetes from areas of muddy sand worked with a tractor-towed cockle harvester. For instance, 31% of the polychaete Scoloplos armiger (initial density of 120 per m²) and 83% of Pygospio elegans (initial density 1850 per m²) were removed. The population of Pygospio elegans remained depleted for more than 100 days after harvesting, whilst those of Nephtys hombergii, Scoloplos armiger and Bathyporeia spp. were depleted for over 50 days. The tubes of Lanice conchilega were damaged but this damage was seen to be repaired.
In locations of cleaner sand with lower densities of Cerastoderma edule and dense aggregations of Lanice conchilega, recovery occurred more rapidly. Cockles are often damaged during mechanical harvesting, e.g. 5-15% were damaged by tractor dredging (Cotter et al, 1997) and ca 20% were too damaged to be processed after hydraulic dredging (Pickett, 1973). Therefore, an overall biotope intolerance of intermediate has been recorded. Abrasion due to mooring, or anchoring is likely to result in less damage to the population. Recoverability has been assessed to be high (see additional information below).
|Very Low
|Minor decline
|Yonow (1989) observed Lanice conchilega re-establishing tubes immediately after removal from the sediment when replaced on a suitable substratum. Other polychaetes and bivalves are all active burrowers and are capable of reburying themselves if displaced. However, while at the sediment surface the infauna are vulnerable to predation by mobile epifauna, e.g. crabs, and bottom feeding fish, so some mortality may occur and intolerance has been assessed to be intermediate. However, it is likely that the majority of displaced specimens would obtain protection within the substratum relatively quickly, so recoverability has been assessed to be immediate.
|Major decline
|No evidence concerning specific effects of synthetic chemical contaminants on Lanice conchilega, Nephtys cirrosa or Nephtys hombergii was found. Boon et al. (1985) reported that Nephtys species in the North Sea accumulated organochlorines but, based on total sediment analyses, organochlorine concentrations in Nephtys species were not correlated with the concentrations in the sediment which they inhabited. Specific deleterious effects of synthetic chemicals (Ivermecten, tri-butyl-tin (TBT)) have been reported for other polychaetes, e.g. Hediste diversicolor, Arenicola marina, Scoloplos armiger and Cirratulus cirratus (see Collier & Pinn, 1998; Beaumont et al., 1989; Bryan & Gibbs, 1991). Beaumont et al. (1989) concluded that bivalves are particularly sensitive to TBT. For example, when exposed to 1-3 µg TBT/l, Cerastoderma edule suffered 100% mortality after two weeks. Bryan & Gibbs (1991) presented evidence that TBT caused recruitment failure in bivalves, either due to reproductive failure or larval mortality. Waldock et al. (1999) examined recovery of benthic infauna of the Crouch estuary after a ban on the use of TBT on small boats. They observed marked increase in species diversity, especially of Ampeliscid amphipods and polychaetes (Tubificoides species and Aphelochaeta marioni) which mirrored the decline in sediment TBT concentration. Whilst a causal link could not be shown, the study by Waldock et al. (1999) suggested that crustacean and polychaete diversity may be inhibited by TBT contamination.
Polychaetes vary greatly in their tolerance of chemical contamination. However, evidence suggests that those within this biotope are potentially highly intolerant of chemical contamination and that the abundance and reproduction of bivalves and crustaceans may also be adversely affected. An intolerance of high has been recorded, albeit at low confidence. Species richness is likely to decline markedly and a few species dominate. On return to prior conditions and assuming deterioration of the contaminants recoverability is likely to be high (see additional information below).
|Bryan (1984) reported that short term toxicity in polychaetes was highest to Hg, Cu and Ag, declined with Al, Cr, Zn and Pb with Cd, Ni, Co and Se being the least toxic. However, polychaetes vary in their tolerance to heavy metals.
Nephtys hombergii and Hediste diversicolor are recorded in Restronguet Creek, Cornwall, a branch of the Fal estuary system which is heavily contaminated with metals. Concentrations of dissolved Zn typically range from 100-2000 µg/l, Cu from 10-100 µg/l and Cd from 0.25-5.0 µg/l. The sediments of Restronguet Creek are also highly contaminated, the levels of Cu, Zn, As and Sn being in the order of 1500-3500 µg/g (Bryan & Gibbs, 1983). Analyses of organisms from Restronguet Creek revealed that Nephtys hombergii from the middle and lower reaches of the creek contained appreciably higher concentrations of Cu (2227 µg/g dry wt), Fe and Zn than comparable specimens of Hediste diversicolor (as Nereis diversicolor). There was evidence that some metals were regulated and suggestion that some species (Hediste diversicolor and Nephtys hombergii) had developed metal resistant populations.
Bryan (1984) stated that Hg is the most toxic metal to bivalve molluscs while Cu, Cd and Zn seem to be most problematic in the field. Studies of Cerastoderma edule populations from polluted and un-contaminated sites in Southampton Water showed that tissue heavy metal concentrations were lower in summer than winter/spring, tissue heavy metal concentrations decreased with size of the cockle, and that cockles in sediments contaminated with metals and hydrocarbons had lower life expectancies, growth rates and body condition index (Savari et al., 1991(a), (b)). Transplantation of Cerastoderma edule into Restronguet Creek resulted in 10-15%mortality within 63 days but 100% within ca. 4 months (Bryan & Gibbs, 1983). An intolerance assessment of intermediate has been suggested as it is probable that in the short term heavy metal exposure may be deleterious to populations not previously exposed. On return to prior conditions, and assuming deterioration of the contaminants, recoverability has been assessed to be high (see additional information below).
|Major decline
|Suchanek (1993) reviewed the effects of oil spills on marine invertebrates and concluded that, in general, on soft sediment habitats, infaunal polychaetes, bivalves and amphipods were particularly affected. A 20 year study investigating community effects after the Amoco Cadiz oil spill of 1978 (Dauvin, 2000) found that a population of Lanice conchilega re-established between 1978-84 but disappeared after 1985. Nephtys hombergii, cirratulids and capitellids were largely unaffected by the Amoco Cadiz oil spill (Conan, 1982). The Amoco Cadiz oil spill resulted in reductions in abundance, biomass and production of the community through the disappearance of the dominant populations of the amphipods Ampelisca sp. which were very sensitive to oil contamination (Dauvin, 1998) The sediment rapidly de-polluted and, in 1981, benthic recruitment occurred under normal conditions (Dauvin, 1998). However, the recovery of Ampelisca populations took up to 15 years, which was probably due to the amphipods' low fecundity, lack of pelagic larvae and the absence of local unperturbed source populations (Poggiale & Dauvin, 2001).
Hailey (1995) cited substantial kills of Hediste diversicolor, Cerastoderma edule, Macoma balthica, Arenicola marina and Hydrobia ulvae as a result of the Sivand oil spill in the Humber estuary in 1983. Similarly large numbers of moribund and dead infaunal animals were washed ashore after the Sea Empress oil spill (SEEEC, 1998). Savari et al. (1991a) stated that there was a concentration related reduction in scope for growth (SFG) of Cerastoderma edule with increasing concentrations of hydrocarbons in the water column. McLusky (1982) examined the fauna of the intertidal mudflats at Kinneil in the Forth estuary that received petroleum, chemical and domestic effluents. Spat fall of Cerastoderma edule occurred in 1976 but the abundance declined steadily between 1976 and 1980. Cerastoderma edule, Nephtys hombergii and many other species were excluded from the substratum within 1.5 km of effluent discharges.
Evidence suggests that soft sediment communities are highly intolerant of hydrocarbon contamination. In the littoral zone especially, oil spills resulting from tanker accidents are likely to be deposited directly on the biotope, preventing oxygen transport to the substratum and oil pushed in to the substratum by tidal-pulsing will destabilize the sediment (Elliott et al., 1998). Therefore, an intolerance of intermediate has been recorded. Recovery of some species, such as amphipods and Cerastoderma edule, to the biotope may be quite slow depending upon the availability of recruits and the severity of disturbance. However, the dominant and key structural species, Lanice conchilega was shown to be relatively opportunistic after the Amoco Cadiz oil spill, colonizing shortly after the spill (Dauvin, 2000), so that the biotope may be identifiable within several years after disturbance (in terms of species present). Recoverability has been reported to be high.
|No information
|Not relevant
|No information
|Not relevant
|Not relevant
|Major decline
|Nutrient enrichment can lead to significant shifts in community composition in sedimentary habitats. Typically the community moves towards one dominated by deposit feeders and detritivores, such as polychaete worms (see review by Pearson & Rosenberg, 1978). The LGS.Lan biotope includes some species tolerant of nutrient enrichment, such as the polychaete Capitella capitata (Pearson & Rosenberg, 1978). It is likely that such species would increase in abundance following nutrient enrichment (Elliott, 1994), with an associated decline in suspension feeding species and organisms adapted to low nutrient levels, such as Magelona mirabilis (Niermann, 1996). Algal blooms are symptomatic of eutrophication, the decomposition and mineralization of which may result in localised deoxygenation. Overall, the structure of the community is likely to change in favour of deposit feeders, with an increase in the abundance of opportunistic species and a decrease in species richness. The dense Lanice conchilega bed is likely to become impoverished and an intolerance of high has been recorded. On return to prior conditions recoverability is likely to be high (see additional information below).
|Not relevant
|Not relevant
|Not relevant
|Not relevant
|Not relevant
|LGS.Lan occurs in locations of full to variable salinity (Connor et al., 1997a). No information was found concerning the intolerance of the community to hypersaline conditions.
|Very high
|Minor decline
|Intertidal sandflats are intolerant of increased rainfall and thus increased freshwater input which, may cause scouring of intertidal areas, changes in intertidal creeks and possibly a reduction in salinity in localized areas (Elliott et al., 1998). McLusky (1989) described the physiological effects of salinity change. In the intertidal, species are well adapted to tolerate alterations in salinity by osmoregulation, or if mobile by moving seawards or deeper in to the sediment. For instance, Kristensen (1958) reported death of young cockle spat (1-2 mm) in the Dutch Wadden Sea due to heavy rain, whereas adults were able to dig deeper and avoid the freshwater. Although Lanice conchilega may be found around the mouth of estuaries in reduced salinities, it occurs at lower abundance, but in the short term it is likely that the polychaete would withdraw in to its burrow to avoid temporary episodes of reduced surface salinity. Nephtys species penetrate in to the mouths of estuaries and estuarine lagoons until the salinity falls to around 20 psu (Barnes, 1994). Nephtys hombergii seems able to tolerate salinities as low as 16 psu (Clark & Haderlie, 1960). Studies of the salinity tolerance of Cerastoderma edule suggest a wide tolerance range for both adults and larvae (e.g. Rygg, 1970; Russell & Peterson, 1973; Kingston, 1974; Wilson, 1984), but that its preferred range is between 15 and 35 psu (Boyden & Russell, 1972). An intolerance of low has been suggested as whilst reduced salinity may cause a reduction in the abundance of some important characterizing species, it is likely that in open coastal locations that the biotope would still be recognizable. On return to prior conditions recoverability is suggested to be very high.
|Relatively coarse sands, such as those of the LGS.Lan biotope, tend to have a relatively high oxygen concentration and a deep reducing layer. Brafield (1964) concluded that the most significant factor influencing oxygenation is the drainage of the beach which, in turn, is determined by the slope and particle size. Oxygen depletion becomes a severe problem at all states of the tide on only the finest grained beaches. Dense aggregations of Lanice conchilega serve to increase the oxygenation of the sediment. The species periodically withdraws from the surface into the sediment for a few seconds and in doing so exchanges the tube water with overlying water (Forster & Graf, 1995). So in normal circumstances oxygen is unlikely to become limiting. However, as a consequence of organic enrichment, oxygen concentration in the sediment may become depleted. Over a longer period concomitant changes in the infauna would occur and tend to show a consistent sequence of response, such as that of the Pearson-Rosenberg model (Pearson & Rosenberg, 1978), and the biotope would change. However, at the benchmark level assessment is made over the period of one week. Some important characterizing species seem tolerant of hypoxia whilst others are less so. For example, Nephtys hombergii was found to be particularly tolerant of severe hypoxia and hydrogen sulphide (Alheit, 1978; Arndt & Schiedek, 1997). Rosenberg et al. (1991) observed that Cerastoderma edule migrated to the sediment surface in response to reduced oxygen concentrations and reported 100% mortality of Cerastoderma edule exposed to 0.5-1.0 ml/l oxygen for 43 days. Theede et al. (1969) reported 50% mortality after 4.25 days at 1.5 ml/l oxygen. Theede et al. (1969) also noted that Cerastoderma edule only survived 4 days exposure of < 6.1 cm²/l of hydrogen sulphide, which is associated with anoxic conditions. Cerastoderma edule may therefore survive several days of anoxia but fatalities may occur over the duration of a week.
intolerance has been assessed to be intermediate as some populations of species may be adversely affected. Recoverability has been suggested to be high (see additional information below).
|Very low
information was found concerning microbial pathogens and parasites of polychaete species. However, more than 20 viruses have been described for marine bivalves (Sinderman, 1990). Bacterial diseases are more significant in the larval stages and protozoans are the most common cause of epizootic outbreaks that may result in mass mortalities of bivalve populations. Parasitic worms, trematodes, cestodes and nematodes can reduce growth and fecundity within bivalves and may in some instances cause death (Dame, 1996). Cerastoderma edule may be infected by numerous larval digenean trematodes, and the parasitic copepod Paranthessius rostatus but no evidence of mass mortalities of cockles in the British Isles attributable to parasites was found. Boyden (1972) reported castration by parasites of a population of cockles from the River Couch. Parasitic infection is likely to directly or indirectly result in a reduced condition or abundance of affected populations, so intolerance has been assessed to be low.
|Not relevant
|Not relevant
|Not relevant
|Not relevant
|Not relevant
|No evidence was found to suggest that important characterizing species of the biotope are threatened by alien species.
|The common cockle, Cerastoderma edule and the polychaetes Nephtys are characterizing species targeted for extraction within the biotope. Nephtys species are used by anglers as bait and the biotope may be subjected to bait digging. Jackson & James (1979) observed that bait digging disturbs sediment to a depth of 30-40 cm and probably buries many cockles below 10 cm, so that they are smothered (see smothering).
Cerastoderma edule of marketable size can be harvested in both the intertidal and subtidal more rapidly and efficiently using mechanical methods, such as tractor-powered harvesters and hydraulic suction dredgers than by traditional methods. Hydraulic suction dredgers operate by fluidising the sand using water jets and then lifting the sediment and infauna into a revolving drum for sorting. The tractor-towed dredge utilises a blade between 70 -100 cm wide that penetrates to a depth of between 20-40 cm. Sediment is sorted through a rotating drum cage (Hall & Harding, 1997). Such machinery adversely impacts on non-target infaunal species as they are sucked or displaced from the sediment and sustain damage as 'by-catch' (see abrasion & physical disturbance). Cotter et al. (1997) noted that tractor dredging reduced the Cerastoderma edule stock by 31-49% depending on initial density, while Pickett (1973) reported that hydraulic dredging removed about one third of the cockle fishery. Franklin & Pickett (1978) noted that subsequent spat survival was markedly reduced and Pickett (1973) noted reduced survivability of 1-2 year old cockles after hydraulic dredging. Furthermore, tractor dredging leaves visible tracks in the sediment, which can act as lines for erosion accelerating erosion of the sediment (Moore, 1991; Gubbay & Knapman, 1999). However, most studies concluded that the impact of mechanised dredging on cockle populations and other macrofauna in the long term was low (Pickett, 1973; Franklin & Pickett, 1978; Cook, 1990; Moore, 1991; Cotter et al., 1997; Hall & Harding, 1997; Ferns et al., 2000). Time of year of exploitation will influence recovery and avoiding seasonal spawning or larval settlement periods is likely to reduce the time taken for recovery (Gubbay & Knapman, 1999). Cockle beds have been subjected to mechanical fishing for decades but several beds are closed form time to time depending on settlement and recruitment to the population, which is sporadic. Recovery may take less than a year in years of good recruitment but would take longer in years of poor recruitment. A recoverability of high has been suggested.
|Not relevant
|Not relevant
|Not relevant
|Not relevant
|Not relevant
|Habitats of Principal Importance
|Intertidal mudflats
|Habitats Directive Annex 1
|Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide
|UK Biodiversity Action Plan Priority
|Intertidal mudflats
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Last Updated: 28/06/2006


text:
LONDON (AP) — China won the Olympic gold medal in team epee, beating South Korea 39-25 Saturday.
Although China got gold, South Korean fencer Shin A-lam finally got a medal after missing out on one in the individual competition five days ago.
Shin lost a disputed semifinal against Germany's Britta Heidemann on Monday and then sat crying on the strip for an hour until the judges rejected an appeal by her team.
The United States edged Russia 31-30 in extra time to take bronze for its first fencing medal at the London Olympics.