text:
Jerry Buss, whose Los Angeles Lakers won 10 NBA titles during his nearly 34 years as owner, died Monday. He was 80.
LOS ANGELES — When Jerry Buss bought the Los Angeles Lakers in 1979, he wanted to build a championship team. But that wasn't all.
The new owner gave courtside seats to movie stars. He hired women to dance during timeouts. He spent freely on superstars and encouraged a fast-paced, exuberant style of play.
As the Lakers sprinted to 10 NBA titles, Buss sometimes cut an audacious figure in the stands — an aging playboy in jeans, often with a younger woman at his side.
"I really tried to create a Laker image, a distinct identity," he once said. "I think we've been successful. I mean, the Lakers are pretty damn Hollywood."
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Most Read Stories
Buss died Monday in a Los Angeles hospital. He was 80.
Buss had been hospitalized for most of the past 18 months while undergoing cancer treatment, but the immediate cause of death was kidney failure, according to his longtime spokesman, Bob Steiner.
Lakers fans will remember Buss for bringing extraordinary success — 16 trips to the NBA Finals during his nearly 34 years in charge — but perhaps equally important to his legacy was a sense of showmanship that transformed pro basketball from sport to spectacle.
"Jerry Buss helped set the league on the course it is on today," NBA commissioner David Stern said. "Remember, he showed us it was about 'Showtime,' the notion that an arena can become the focal point for not just basketball, but entertainment. He made it the place to see and be seen."
Buss' teams featured the likes of Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Magic Johnson, Kobe Bryant and Shaquille O'Neal.
"I'm crying right now," Johnson, the first player drafted in 1979, said Monday. "Without Dr. Jerry Buss, there is no Magic."
Buss, who earned a doctorate in physical chemistry from USC, hired brilliant coaches such as Pat Riley and Phil Jackson.
"I've worked hard and been lucky," Buss said. "With the combination of the two, I've accomplished everything I ever set out to do."
Paul Allen, owner of the Portland Trail Blazers, said, "The NBA, and indeed all of sports ownership, has lost a titan and innovator in Dr. Jerry Buss."
Buss bought the then-struggling Lakers, the NHL Los Angeles Kings and both teams' arena — the Forum — from Jack Kent Cooke in a $67.5 million deal that was the largest sports transaction in history at the time. Last month, Forbes estimated the Lakers were worth $1 billion.


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Hiring the wrong driver can cost a company thousands—even tens of thousands—of dollars annually. An in-depth, statistically based study of more than 100 top-performing drivers was conducted to share some insight that may help the producer to look into the crystal ball and locate, select, and keep top-performing drivers.
The study revealed the following indications about drivers.
Concrete Construction
NRMCA's Build with Strength coalition chose Washington D.C. for the first of their...
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2016 Hanley Wood Media, Inc. All rights reserved.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The mission of the Weber Coalition for a Healthy Community is to bring individuals and community resources together to create common goals, priorities and interventions that result in measurable improvement in the health of the community.
The membership of the group has had some changes over the years, however membership stems from:
The Seventh Annual NUHOPE Suicide Awareness Walk is coming up soon - September 20, 2014 on Ogden's Historic 25th Street. This event is being hosted by the Northern Utah HOPE Task Force in partnership with McKay Dee Hospital Foundation and the Harvest Moon Festival.
The walk starts at 10 am, with check-in and on-site registration from 9 - 9:45.
On-line registration is now closed. THANK YOU. Please feel free to join us and register on-site. For more information, click on the NUHOPE Page above.


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air analysis Companies in Nepal
Gasmet Technologies Oy
based in Helsinki, FINLAND
Gasmet Technologies is a leading manufacturer of gas monitoring instruments and systems for industrial and environmental applications including continuous emissions monitoring (power plants, waste incinerators, cement kilns etc.) stack testing / comparison measurements, process control, industrial hygiene / indoor air quality, engine exhaust gas, semiconductor ...
Galson Laboratories
based in East Syracuse, NEW YORK (USA)
Galson Laboratories, a world leader in industrial hygiene analysis and monitoring solutions, is celebrating its 43rd year of serving the industrial hygiene professionals. We specialize in working with occupational health, safety and environmental professionals in selecting the most effective means to obtain data to protect people from hazardous exposures. This is our ...
Syft Technologies Ltd
based in Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND
Syft Technologies develop, manufacture and market VOC analysis solutions. We work closely with our customers to understand their VOC analysis needs, then develop efficient solutions that deliver real operational and financial benefits. Our success is built on identifying breakthrough analysis techniques and developing them into robust, market-focused solutions. We began ...
NILU - The Norwegian Institute for Air Research
based in Kjeller, NORWAY
NILU is an independent research institute founded in 1969. NILU`s environmental building on Kjeller, the outskirt of Lillestrøm and Oslo, became the permanent headquarter in 1994. The institute conducts environmental research with emphasis on the sources of airborne pollution, atmospheric transport, transformation and deposition and is also involved in the ...
Montrose Environmental Group, Inc.
based in Irvine, CALIFORNIA (USA)
Montrose Environmental Group, Inc. is a national, high-growth environmental company offering Air Quality and Environmental Laboratory services to a diverse range of clients in industry and government. Headquartered in Orange County, California, Montrose Environmental Group, Inc. has 26 offices and approximately 450 employees nationwide.
Oxford Instruments Industrial Analysis
based in Abingdon, UNITED KINGDOM
Oxford Instruments designs, supplies and supports high-technology tools and systems with a focus on research and industrial applications. Innovation has been the driving force behind Oxford Instruments` growth and success for over 50 years, and its strategy is to effect the successful commercialisation of these ideas by bringing them to market in a timely and ...
Shell Engineering & Associates, INC.
based in Columbia, MISSOURI (USA)
`International Consultants In Air Quality` Shell Engineering & Associates, Inc., celebrates more than 30 years as worldwide environmental management consultants with industrial and institutional facilities. Our success comes from our ability to communicate, our ability to overcome obstacles by exploring alternatives and the use of proven scientific methods and our ability ...
AppliTek NV - Environmental Analysis Division
based in Nazareth, BELGIUM
Founded in 1985, AppliTek is a specialist manufacturer of monitoring solutions (on-line analyzers) for environmental and industrial applications. Its customers are found all around the Globe and vary from local EPC`s to national authorities and private companies that are eager to invest in environmental compliance and process efficiency.
AIR be
based in Issy-les-Moulineaux, FRANCE
AIR be studies Carbon Footprints, Life Cycle Analysis and Air Quality.Calculating the Carbon Footprint is the first step in a climate-energy approach. AIR be can establish your Carbon Footprint and provide strategic analysis on GHG emissions, and develop your approach by implementing actions, highlight your brand image through reductions achieved. Informing consumers ...
Emproco Ltd.
based in Ashkelon, ISRAEL
Emproco Ltd. marketed instruments for Industrial Safety which later expanded to include Industrial Hygiene and Environmental Monitoring. To provide our customers with complete and cost effective solutions using the highest quality equipment backed with efficient service. We represent US, European and Japanese manufacturers of the above equipment which includes: Gas and ...


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Artist: The Haunted
Album: The Haunted
Genre: Rock
A raped woman is a whore, and when the newsman explains how the rapist in his
frustration over his limp dick fucked her with a carpentersknife you wince in
your safe little cubicles, and self-righteously pass judgement. She deserved
it, that just shows how it goes, and it never would've happened if she had
listened to her parents. I say fuck you. If I had the bomb I'd let it rip. You
are culprit and prey in the same sick being. Parents and politicians rave over
our attempts to shut it all out, as if the drugs and sex are the problems. In
this world it's only natural to seek out oblivion, it's the only way we can
survive, once we see the horror...One last thing, never expect me to try being
a part of your heap of shit. I'd rather stay out here in the cold for the rest
of my fucking life than be a part of your sick, fucking society.
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Update on SaidhujaSaidhuja was born in 1991. Since 2009 he has been attending Tajik State University. He is a law student at the outreach school. The tuition for the outreach school is 900 US dollars. After finishing the university Saidhuja dreams of becoming a lawyer. Before attending the university Saidhuja attending high school and received a high school diploma. He got very good grades. Saidhuja is not married and lives with his parents and brothers, five people total and all family members have a college degree. His parents can't pay for Saidhuja's education. That is why he is requesting a loan of 900 US dollars to pay for his tuition. Saidhuja hopes for your assistance.
Previous Loan DetailsSaidhuja is an honest young man. He is 22 years old, unmarried, and lives with his parents. At the moment, he is a fourth year student and Tajikistan State University. He is studying to become an attorney. Saidhuja entered the university in 2009, and since then, he has received very high mark... More from Saidhuja's previous loan »
Additional Information
More information about this loan
This loan is part of IMON's education program, designed to finance school tuition for students whose families have low incomes or work in informal sectors of the economy. Funds can be used for partial or complete payment of expenses related to higher education. By supporting this loan, you're enabling access to education for students with limited options.
About IMON InternationalIMON International (IMON) is a micro-deposit organization in Tajikistan that provides entrepreneurs with access to high quality financial products and services, including business loans, agriculture loans, consumer loans and micro-leases. Aiming to alleviate poverty, the organization helps unbanked individuals establish businesses in different sectors, including manufacturing, agriculture and service. Kiva lenders' funds will help the organization to expand its outreach to even more entrepreneurs, farmers and traders in Tajikistan.
Concurrent and Successive Loans
Our Field Partners often work with borrowers over a series of loans as the borrowers build credit, take out bigger loans, and expand their businesses. In order to make it easier for our Field Partners to post loans for borrowers who have been listed on Kiva before, we allow them to post successive and concurrent loans for their Kiva borrowers. This means that our Field Partners are able to post a borrower's second, third, etc., loan on Kiva without having to re-enter all of the borrower's information.
This borrower has been listed on Kiva before, so you'll see an updated loan description, as well as excerpts of the original descriptions from earlier loans. Most borrowers take out loans consecutively, meaning that they receive a second loan after having repaid the first. However, sometimes our Field Partners give out concurrent loans, allowing borrowers to take out one primary loan and a secondary "add-on" loan along with it. These "add-on" loans are typically smaller than the borrower's primary loan and serve a different purpose. Because Field Partners can now post loans as successive and concurrent loans, you will be able to track borrower progress over time and see the various ways a borrower is working with our Field Partners through funds from Kiva's lenders.
Loan tags help lenders find loans that match certain areas of interest. You can add up to 5 tags for this loan.
About Tajikistan
234View loans »
US Dollars
Success!! The loan was 100% repaid
- Repayment Term
- 14 months (Additional Information)
- Repayment Schedule
- Monthly
- Pre-Disbursed:
- Nov 21, 2013
- Listed
- Nov 26, 2013
- Currency Exchange Loss:
- Ended:
- Mar 17, 2014
Photo from previous loan
Kiva allows our Field Partners to re-use the same photo for individual borrowers that have been posted on Kiva's website once before in a 24 month period, and we allow them to re-use group photos for up to 24 months, provided that 80% of the current group's membership is represented.
Taking, collecting, and uploading photos of borrowers is one of the most challenging elements of using Kiva for our Field Partners. In order to make Kiva easier for Field Partners to use, we have allowed them to post successive and concurrent loans without taking a new photo of the borrower if the criteria above are met.


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Please note: Rabobank's branches are located in California only.
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Rabobank branches and financial service centers are only located in California.
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Rabobank, N.A. is a leader in clean energy equipment financing in California. We offer customized solutions to commercial, agribusiness and municipal operations that provide flexible and affordable options to finance solar energy systems and other technologies. Clean energy technologies include solar, methane digesters, LED lights, and stationary storage such as batteries and wind turbines.
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Personal and Business banking products are offered by Rabobank, N.A. Agricultural products are offered by Rabobank, N.A., Rabo AgriFinance, and Cooperatieve Rabobank U.A. Rabobank, N.A. is a Member FDIC and an Equal Housing Lender. Rabo AgriFinance is an Equal Housing Lender. Member FDIC is not applicable to Rabo AgriFinance or Cooperatieve Rabobank U.A. Online account opening available to residents of California only. © Rabobank 2016. NMLS # 649477. Disclaimer
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Twister Go Carts
carter brothers go karts
|Twister Go Carts Information!
Here's your official headache free information page!
This has been a hobby of mine for years and I've researched many different types and brands of go karts. I find the ins and outs, the good the bad and the ugly about Twister Go Carts info and I share it all right here for you with the most relevant results and info I can provide.
You get the best information & resources dealing specifically with Twister Go Carts matches plus the best links I can find so you don't need to go anywhere else. Make sure you bookmark this site!
Results you can click on:
What is a go kart? A small low motor vehicle with four wheels and an open framework; used for racing or recreational fun. It can also be called a kart and there are many different styles and types. There are small electric and gas powered gokarts, some with open frames, some with roll cages for safety and others have fiberglass enclosures built around a frame to copy or mimic larger vehicles.
Learn Go Kart Basics:
For more precise Twister Go Carts info, here are my official, No bull, No fluff links related to your search, so I really recommend checking these out now:
Important GoKart Facts & Tips:
The question over choosing the right go-kart chassis boils down to flexibility. High traction tires and a stiff frame is a recipe for disaster, causing your machine to turn stiffly and generate strenuous effort on the curves. Low traction tires will cause uneven weight transfer and break apart your frame like bread crumbs. Options for frames mainly depend on what type of go-kart you're riding, as each go-kart and their engine work best under certain scenarios. Stiff frames are a staple of 2-cycle and 4-cycle engines and flexible frames are found with higher horsepower engines. Remember, the more rigorous the circuit, the more flexible a chassis should be!
Go Karts | Go Kart Parts | Scooters
| ATVs | ATV Parts
| ATV Tires | Motorcycles | Mini-Bikes
| Mopeds | Information/Tips
Go Karts | Go Kart Parts | Scooters | ATVs | ATV Parts | ATV Tires | Motorcycles | Mini-Bikes | Mopeds | Information/Tips


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How do I find out what came with my car new. The one answer I got was of great help but I need to know how to find out what my car had on it at purchase. I think you can find out by the VIN # but not sure how to do it.
by Jim Guthrie in Greenwood, IN on March 25, 2009


text:
To contact the
Either 07804 036959 (site), 01726 813602 (Office) or email
To keep up
to date;- follow/like our Facebook
page Roseland Observatory
Please FOLLOW for
updates. For additional information data visit the Contact
Page see top tabs.
Then check all the
other pages by clicking on the links at the top or bottom of the page.
To stay with us just click on
www.courtfarmcornwall.co.uk and
follow the links, the camp site is close to Poldark country.
Computer Services when you simply need the best - just telephone 01726 68684.
Radio St Austell Bay;
www.rsab.org listen on 105.6 FM and on
line for all the local news and events. Including a monthly
from Roseland Observatory. This month on 28th
April at 09.15AM
St Austell
Voice;- Your local weekly newspaper
carries a regular feature about the Night Sky on the first Wednesday
of each month. Next time 6th May
Visit the
Observatory;- We have been on the radar for the
organisers of youth and adult groups for a while now.
£6.00 per adult, £4.00 for U 16's
and U 8 foc, phone or email for more information. To arrive
safely please check the map on our Contacts
For Group bookings for schools, Scout & Guide
Association members go to the News Tab
on the top of the page. Please ring (01726) 813602 to book your
place. Check out the map on the
page for
Learn More;-
& DEATH OF STARS the ever popular 10 week course is lead by Clint on a
Tuesday evening starting at 7.00pm and finishing at 9.00pm at the
Observatory. Just a bit below A Level. £5.00 per session.
Is now underway.
@ 25!;has been sending us unforgettable
images for 25 years now and to celebrate this milestone ESA have
released this new image.
Westerlund Star Cluster - Image
Credit ESA/Hubble.
For additional background
check out Universetoday.com and search Hubble 25 years
May Night Sky;-
The winter constellations are bidding us farewell to be replaced by
those of spring, including Cygnus and Lyra. Check out the curve
formed by the handle of the Plough and extend it on to Arcturus in
Bootes and Spica in Virgo.
The Moon;-,
Full Moon 4th , Last Quarter 11th, New Moon 18th.
First Quarter 25th
The Planets;-
Is best seen early in the month, it is at its highest on the 7th.
As usual it is low down in the SW and fairly close to the Sun. Be
aware and do not use any optical aid until the Sun has set.
Is clearly noticeable in the west after sunset and as it is
very bright it can be seen with the naked eye just after sunset. The
best way to see the disc of this planet is at dusk (after sunset)
before it gets so bright it just looks like a bright blur. The disc
will be gibbous throughout the month.
Is still a great object to view at the moment and now is a good time
to put a small telescope to it. It can be found in the constellation
of Cancer.
Is now in Libra pretty low down even in the south on the 23rd
when it reaches opposition. Even so it is a spectacular sight in a
small telescope
Meteor shower;-
5th May the Eta Aquarids will put on a good show unfortunately
spoilt by a nearly Full Moon..
International Space Station;
As usual check exact times from
Taken from my contribution to the St Austell Voice.
Our new regular feature high lighting attractive
groupings of Moon, planets and stars.
30th Mercury is close to the Pleiades
1st May Moon and Saturn close
Armillary Sphere;-
The Sphere has been moved in great secrecy from one
secret location to another. It now being painted black and gold
prior to being erected on Par Running Track hopefully next
month. There is no doubt it will look great when finished.
Part of the
Paralympics is in Cornwall - it is an Armillary Sphere
Image credit Sonia Clyne.
The distance to the
Moon - results well nearly. We have been working
with a group of European and African astronomers to determine the
lunar distance. I have got a copy of the draft paper and we get a
Where did our water come from?
The astronomers say from outer space but is that
the whole story?
The Oceans hold 1374 million billion tonnes of
water with an average depth of 3.5 km. The diameter of the Earth is
12,750 km. The geologists say that during the formation period the
hot rocks that resulted released vast quantities of water as steam
and carbon dioxide. This atmosphere hung around in the upper
atmosphere throughout the heavy bombardment period.
For it to leave the planet altogether it would
have to have exceeded the planet's escape velocity or broken down to
hydrogen and oxygen, the hydrogen would have moved into
interplanetary space leaving behind an oxygen rich atmosphere for
which there is no evidence.
The next stage according to the geologists is that
it rained and rained for perhaps a million years forming the early
oceans. The best estimate puts the oceans at 50% "Earth Water" and
50% from large "comet" impacts.
Why is this important at this time? Water is not
100% H2O some of it is D2O and the ratio
varies from source to source. The D stands for Deuterium with a
nucleus of one proton and one neutron, naturally this weighs more
than H and so the water containing it is known as "heavy water"
The vast majority of sea water is H20,
however some is HDO and a tiny proportion is D2O. In
addition to the two isotopes of hydrogen (Tritium is discounted in
this analysis) there are three isotopes of oxygen vis. O 16, O 17, O
18. This means that all natural water contains nine kinds of water
molecules. The ratios of the different isotopes, one to another, can
be measured using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer.
Naturally there is a gold standard type of water
called VSMOW which stands for Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water. It
has superseded SMOW !
Water on the Moon. No less than 6 sources have
been suggested for lunar water, the Sun, the Earth, the Moon
interior, comets, asteroids, interplanetary dust and giant
interstellar molecular clouds. The Deuterium/Hydrogen ratio has been
measured many times and a wide scatter has been reported. This
supports the overall view that to compare the D/H ratio of any extra
terrestrial sample with SMOW to identify with certainty the origin
of our water is speculative.
Universe Today 2014/12/11 carried a feature by Tim
Reyes concerning water found within Comet 67P. Of particular
interest is the infographic highlighting the D/H ratio of various
solar system components including Earth and 67P. Earth is the base
point if you like and the other bodies grouped around it. Now if we
regard the sources of Earth's water to be many and various any
comparison between it and other sources of water is an only an
interesting exercise/ over simplistic?
Pilson MEQ Chemistry of Sea Water,
Cambridge UP 2013
Stewart I & Lynch J Earth and the Power
of the Planet BBC Books 2008
Rollinson H Early Earth Systems
Blackwell Publishing 2007
Image Credit Tim Reyes Universe
Today 2014/12/11
The ECLIPSE!!
That was the day that was, we were based at
Truro High School for Girls and got organised at about 07.00 in time
for early interviews. Quotes went something like this;- "The
Sun is smiling" - pretty sure this was spontaneous. "I thought it was
going to be boring but it was AWESOME". Our special kit worked
well - the heliostat driven refractor, Lunt H Alpha and the Meade
apo with Herschel Wedge giving different images of the eclipse.
Many thanks to all of our team who
helped through the event and the support from the school students
too, very welcome.
The Burser getting involved!
Image credits Sue Bradbury PR
The next three are by Mike Sale
Image credit Mike Sale
The five images that follow are
by Chris Gidewicz - Launceston College
The heliostat driven bench mounted 150mm refractor
A nice projected image
The Meade Apo with Herschel Wedge
We had to have this one -
part of the Prep School
The Sun in H Alpha using the Lunt and a webcam
Images via the lens of Mr G (Chris) from
Launceston College
The Royal
Astronomical Society have produced a free PDF and links
to a video produced by the Society for Popular Astronomy.
Where your work
experience can take you. Alex was one of my early WE
students and he then went on to a Masters in astronomy - he is now
on the last stages. For his practical he launched a real rocket! To
find out more just click on the link
Part of the tracking set up - a bit
chill in Svalbard
I have recently made contact with a friend from long
ago - he works now far away - Dean Ashton takes excellent
images like this one - Jupiter and Io.
Jupiter Image credit
Dean Ashton
ASTRONOMY FOR INTEREST our ever popular 10 week course
is lead by Brian
on a Tuesday evening starting at 7.00pm and finishing at 9.00pm at
the Observatory. Our entry level course, covers Sun, Moon, Earth,
the solar system & stars. Observing the night sky when clear. £5.00
per session*. *Half the course fee goes
towards membership of the group! This course is now closed for
the season to be replaced by fairly regular planning and outreach
Dawn nears
Ceres;- The space probe Dawn is taking better and better
images of Ceres as it draws closer. One unexpected observation is
that the surface appears to have a number of white spots on it. My
theory is that they result from impacts from an exploded asteroid
similar to Vesta which is white in colour. More in depth analysis
will follow should it prove to be true!! Although Dawn is in orbit
around Ceres the real close up images will not appear until May.
Image credit NASA A spotty Ceres
Learning More;-
experience for years 10 & 12;-
Interested students should contact their school coordinator as soon
as possible. See also the News Page. All
letters and correspondence must go to the Par Office,
92 Par Green, PL24 2AG. and
the Observatory site.
Work Experience years 10 & 12;-
Our very successful WE programme enables students to take a genuine
part in the work of the observatory as trainee astronomers.
now for 2015 to the Par Green address and not the Observatory site.
Comet Lovejoy;-
Properly known as C/2014 Q2 was discovered in August by Terry
Lovejoy using an 8" SC telescope similar to one of ours. It was at
mag 15 but has brightened to mag 5 now and we hope for further
brightening. It is now sort of visible to the naked eye. It has come in from the Oort Cloud
and will return to grace our skies again in 11 thousand years
from now. The tail well shown in many photographs is not seen with a
small telescope. Indeed it looks like a green fuzz ball! The colour
is caused by the fluorescing of diatomic carbon C++
and cyanogen gas (CN)2 as it is struck by the Sun's UV
light. Was is at its closest to the Earth on the 7th, a mere 43.6 X
106 km distant about a half of the Earth's distance from
the Sun. Perihelion occurs on Jan 30th. A number of wide angle
photographic opportunities occur in the month as can be seen from
the chart.
This image by Karl when seen full res. shows a lot of
detail in the tail
Comet Lovejoy - Karl Stephens - Par.
Paul Hughes has come good with this fine B/W image of
Note its position can be added to Stellarium and other similar software.
The large angle its track makes with the plane of
the ecliptic shows clearly that it is not a Kuiper Belt based comet
or indeed a short period one that is already part of the solar
system. Some observatory team members were surprised that it would
not show a sharp outline in the scopes - we were not seeing the icy
core of the comet but rather its gaseous envelope produced by its
proximity to the Sun.
Its resemblance to a nebula or galaxy was
noted and this of course is why Charles Messier spent such a long
time compiling his Messier Catalogue while comet hunting in the 18th
cent. He did not want to waste time tracking nebulae that would not
suddenly grow a tail and look spectacular!
Winter Solstice;-
It was Hurlers time again. A group of the intrepid marched out to
Craddock Moor Circle, as we have said before more or less invisible
on a featureless moor it surrounds a very large gorse bush which as
been cut down and removed. Difficult in daylight but in the
dark..... However in spite of the cloud the Sun was seen rising
above the Bronze Age cemetery shades of Newgrange perhaps. Sunset is
in line with Tregarrick Tor, this tor is not a skyline feature
though, further investigation is in hand.
An image has just been taken sunset 24th! a report to
follow from Robin. Iain Rowe a local historian and expert on Bodmin
Moor walked along the 130 bearing from Craddock Circle to a cairn on
Caradon Hill by way of Minions Mound. This is a nice secure
alignment. - Thanks Iain.
All about Rosetta.
We have nearly finished a research article on
"Where did our water come from?"
Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
is the target of all this attention. The P is a bit
of a give away as it stands for Periodic as it has an orbital period
of 6.45 years. Its discoverers whose names it bears found it on a
photographic plate in 1969. It is very unusual in that it
appears to be two comets stuck together although I favour the theory that suggests that the necking evident on the images is the result
of out gassing and loss of water ice.
Image Credit ESA
One of the instruments is called Ptolemy
PI is Monica Grady - well known for her expertise with meteorites - an
evolved gas analyser it will collect and analyse samples of organic
material on the surface and use this to investigate how similar it
is to materials found on other solar system bodies.
I am Back;- from British Columbia - have been
canoeing 200 miles up the coast - wild camping with whales and
wolves for company. Just about to start a research project
reconstructing Haida Astronomy. Oh and an earlier phase of the exped
they found what might be a
meteorite! - It is on a very very remote beach!
The next stage is to try and
recover a sample cut and polish it to see if it contains metal or
UK's very own Space
Weather forecast;- From the Met Office Exeter comes the UK's first Spaceweather forecasts,
they started in May and will ramp up in the coming months.
Naturally RAL Space the source of many of the
instruments on the various Solar Observatories is heavily involved.
However we will have to wait before Solar Orbiter launches in
January 2017 to get our closest views of our Star.
Prominences and active areas on the surface of the Sun.
An archive image taken through our H Alpha scope.
Shetland Astronomical Society; I was in Shetland in the summer 2011 working with the SAS. Check out
www.shetlandastrosoc.org.uk To see
Mike's - austroastro's video made from Chris Brown's images of the
Northern Lights
click on the link. For other U tube videos by austroastro do a Google search.
Mike in the
Shetlands; -
my main man up there has got his website
running well - check it out it even links back to this one! He has
just added Curiosity to his range of card models you can down load
for free. Please note this one is 101 MB - just like the Dalmations.
He has just added a solar radio telescope so we can now hear the Sun
breathing(!) This is still in its Beta stage.
For the work we
did together at Stargazing LIVE 2013 Mike made a model rover as a
prize that was won by Thomas. Saw the lad again last week and he has
the Rover proudly displayed in his room!
Mike's model of Curiosity -
this one is in Shetland not Mars.
Bodiggy School paid us a visit a few days ago
here is some of the evidence
Astronautics Badge;- The UK Space
Agency have sponsored a new Scout Badge. We are
investigating the best way of delivering this to Cornish
Astronautics Badge;- The UK Space
Agency have sponsored a new Scout Badge. We are
investigating the best way of delivering this to Cornish
Joe Warrener who
spent a few nights at Court Farm took this excellent view
across the site.
The Pelican Nebula an emission nebula in Cygnus.
Image Credit Paul Hughes
To see all of Paul's
images at full resolution go to www.zenfolio.com/paulh101
a lot of detail has been lost on the web page. His favourites file
can be run as a slide show covering a range of deep sky objects.
If you go down to the woods tonight .....! Image
credit Anne-Marie
Science Technology Engineering Maths Ambassador;-
or STEM for short. Mainly for those wishing to get involved teaching
with the Observatory. This is a National approval scheme that allows
us to teach/demonstrate in schools and youth groups. Any one can
apply (including those outside our team) is is good for those asked
to go into schools to represent the companies they work for, Includes
a DBS. To learn more contact us via any of the Observatory
A great link
from an American fan;- Matthew H. found A kids
Space Centre - Fun with Model Rockets - (http://orlandofuntickets.com/a-kids-space-center-fun-with-model-rockets.php)
while working with his local library.
Mike working on the
magnetometer image credit Rob Stidston
Have your telescope in two places at
Well with Slooh you can.
A good way
to be able to image almost anywhere any time with your
"own" Robotic Telescope. The Observatory has a
"Commander" Membership.
The ISS;-
The Space Station is visible in our skies from time to
time. See www.heavens-above.com
for exact times for you. There are chances to see it in the
daytime and towards dusk when it is getting dimsy.
It Is so bright
that it will flare as the Sun strikes one or two of the large solar
H-A are now giving suitable times for daylight passes.
Opportunities for schools
For more information about the courses see the
"NEWS" page and then contact the Observatory.
Key Stage One, Two and Three Astronomy.
Earth &
Beyond; Doing Space this term then
school teachers should see our News section.
& Talented sessions for years 10 & 12
at the Observatory.
Astronomy Practical Project work. Having successfully guided many
students through the GCSE Course work we offer opportunities
on a regular basis. Opportunities throughout the
year just phone and book.
£5.00 per session.
each case email firstname.lastname@example.com
or phone (01726) 813602 to learn more.
Extended project A Level
std. Global Dimming. This
experiment was extended this year into the IR as it produced a clearly measurable change
in light levels through the previous Christmas period.
Scouts, Guides and other youth groups see the separate
The Neptune Saga;- Continues with a
new book about Le Verrier which fills a black hole in our knowledge
of 19th cent. French Astronomy. Written a
review for publication in a number of journals. Also the long
awaited paper on the subject has now been published see below in the
main Neptune section. Anyone wishing to read it please request a PDF
Neptune's orbits - a paper by Norma Foster is also
in the Antiquarian Astronomer and compares the actual orbit that
Adams calculated and puts right a view, long held,
by some that the position he predicted was a long way from that
calculated by Le Verrier. Those wishing to read it please
request a PDF copy.
Our Neptune research
has reached the august pages of the Antiquarian
Astronomer issue 7 March 2013. it covers some 11 pages and is
described as "incisive".
during the Society for the History of Astronomy autumn conference
Neptune's special
year;- The year 2010 opened in January with a
special presentation in Seattle, USA. NB The Blue Planet is close to
opposition at the moment so a good time to observe given clear
Image credit "a friend"
Note the Cornish Flag!
Neptune from
Voyager 2
Credit;- Jocelyn Murgatroyd and Cornish Cross Laneast
by John Chiswell from two cameo reliefs. The lady is Eliza
Adams nee Bruce - It is believed to be the only likeness in
existence. The sculpture was by Albert Bruce-Joy a relative and well
known artist.
This image is of the memorial in
Westminster Abbey and is also by Bruce Joy. Image Credit Westminster
Bill Sheehan's Neptune with 10" RC.
Neptune discovery story.
For a short film of the Neptune story
visit Maarten Roos website. http://www.lightcurvefilms.com
Have continued my researches
by contacting the Chinese University in Hong Kong (been there got
the T.Shirt). Some 10 years ago they did some excellent work on
Neptune's orbit which I now have permission to use in my talks.
For Canoe Africa see below.
The Hurlers;-
World Heritage
Site;- We are currently
working with Caradon Archaeology on The Hurlers.
(Minions is the nearest
village) This
work is centred on how to best interpret these ancient sites to an
interested general public. At the moment we
are helping with an APP to interpret the area in a modern way. Thanks to Cornwall Council and Cornwall Heritage Trust for
their support. The Apps are now on a an APP store.
background;- The Hurlers can be
found on Google Earth 500 30' 58.67"N 40 27' 29.69"
W, the aerial view is supplemented by a number of photographs and
some text. Until recently people studying the various monuments around
the country would look closely at one aspect or site and not regard those
near by. The Hurlers are the focus of a much larger complex of ancient
It was the Equinox again!
We gathered lots of extra data and the weather ranged from great to
fog so thick it was not possible to see across a Circle. There are two
Equinoxes on the 23rd the astronomer's equinox and on the 24th the
landscape version. On the 23rd 2014
the Sun is overhead at the equator as
the Sun moves from North to South. On the 24th the Sun rises due
East at 7.00AM BST - 6.00AM GMT although longitude and the
Equation of Time also need to be taken into account. The
difference between the two is due to refraction which causes the Sun
to appear to be above the horizon earlier than it actually is.
The whole package is being written up as the "Proceedings of
the NAM Conference" we attended in the summer.
Mapping the Sun Day 12th
July 2014 at Sterts Arts Centre, Upton Cross. This event
went well with about 50 archaeologists attending. Checked out
the orientation of the Rillaton Barrow and found the entrance is
open to the Equinox sunrise! However it is believed that the
entrance is nothing more than a gap left when the cist was rebuilt
after the miners dug out the gold cup! Not with standing the
rising Sun does light up the entrance on the Equinox.
Image credit Mike Clarke
Back to the
Hurlers. Lead by Gary and supported by Amanda we measured
the elevation of Rillaton Barrow above the horizon step by step
using a professional level. We had good results although more
work needs to be done. We have proved which star it
celebrates and when it was built. We seem to have identified the
Processional Way referred to by John Barnatt in "Prehistoric
Calendar Stone is to be found in the Centre Circle and to
the south of centre. For all time people have noted that
shadows cast by trees or stones change their length and direction
during the day and throughout the year. The length marked at midday
once a month requires only 7 marks to define the solar year. A more
complete explanation of this system is available.
Archaeologists are often rightly sceptical of two point
alignments and require either a Back Sight or Fore Sight to support the
evidence. Extend the Hurlers SW - NE line northwards about a kilometre to
arrive at Tumuli. Due north is Stowe Hill due south is Minions Mound with more Tumuli. (Tumuli
are Bronze Age burial sites.) Due East is Kit Hill, west is a large
barrow. If you turn your back on Kit Hill and look towards the Pipers you will
find they lie one behind the other i.e. due west. Stand between the Pipers and
look towards Stowe Hill and you look North. Are the Pipers contemporary with the
Hurlers - the evidence points in a positive direction.
The N - S line can be extended on to Long Tom, Menhirs or
Long Stones predate Stone Circles and this one has had a Cross carved on it at a
later date. Although not exactly due south of the Hurlers it is south of
Stowe Hill which is a long ridge of high ground.
Equinox;- To celebrate this we visited the Hurlers
on the Sunday 25th March 2012 Sunday AM was good in that it
was clear and we saw the Sunrise, close to Kit Hill although Kit Hill itself was not
visible to the naked eye due to general murk. Sunday PM saw the Sun
setting due west close to a couple of burial mounds as predicted.
Summer Solstice;- It so happens that
the midsummer Sun rises above Stowe's Hill and sets over Brown Willy. Summer Solstice
21st June and we were at Craddock Moor Circle for the event. A first for us was an observation of a
special Standing Stone on Stowe Hill It seemed to mark the actual
position of sunrise. (June 2010)
From Craddock Circle the Sun rose behind the Cheesewring on Stowe Hill as predicted, what was new
to me was to see the Sun hitting Tregarrick Tor before it rose for
us, this confirms that Tregarrick marks the winter solstice sun set.
(June 20th 2012)
The Sun rising over Stowe Hill (2012)
Image by Amanda King of the
Roseland Team.
Summer Solstice 2013;-
The group ambled out Craddock Circle. It is a
circle of fallen stones close to gorse bush atop a featureless
hillock. The Sun had shown signs of remaining visible until sunset
but it was not to be. However it appears to set just west of Brown
Willy. Images had been taken a couple of days before and will be
examined in the Observatory.
7th June
19th June
Many thanks indeed for the images
from Robin Paris of Darite - excellent and revealing sunsets. A CD
has just arrived with more images all adding to our overall
knowledge of the Bronze Age calendar.
Autumnal Equinox;-
The Sun rose and set as per the Vernal Equinox, although on the date we
were there (21st Sept. 2011) the fog was so thick it was impossible to
see across the Circles!
This time using a solar filter in conjunction with
a small telescope it was possible to determine that the Sun rose
just a bit to the right of Kit Hill stack. The sunset was impossible
due to thick cloud. 22nd Sept 2012. Same situation Sept 2013.
Winter Solstice;-
The three stone circles known as the Hurlers near
Minions, Bodmin Moor. Appear to mirror the well known asterism of Orion's
Belt in the centre of the Orion constellation.
21st Dec Mid
Winter Solstice 2013;- Usual pea souper
of course up on the Hurlers - Bodmin Moor, so we were unable to do much until after breakfast. The
modified compass worked well to gave us a real baseline for the
first time. Checked out Kit Hill again as due East and established
the position of the "4th circle". We were unable to do the Sun rise
from Craddock Circle. Just too foggy at sunrise.
In the 21st cent. this constellation, including
Orion's Belt, is due south of the Hurlers on the
winter solstice (Dec 21st) at midnight. In the Bronze Age
circa 2000 BC this transit occurred earlier in the evening due to precession.
Remember the actual day of the winter solstice was marked from Craddock
Circle. Due north was marked by Stowe's Pound and the "ever present" pole
star, in those days Thuban in Draco and later Kocab in Ursa Minor. Directly north of the Hurlers is Stowe Hill with its Neolithic
enclosure and Rillaton Barrow, the Bronze Age users of the Hurlers would have
recognized that the stars directly above the Hill did not move and were
therefore special. Today the star that occupies that place is called the Pole Star,
North Star or
There is no doubt
that the view of the Hurlers would have been very special before the Quarry
removed much of the viewing area. However even today the torch lit Circles look
impressive indeed.
Paul Hughes of the Observatory Imaging Team
The Three Circles lit by torches, giving a very atmospheric
effect. It seems that at this time the
winter solstice was celebrated all over Europe by the lighting of bonfires. It consists of four individual images merged into one. It
was normal for special events to be marked by lighting fires. We carry this
practice forward today with our Torch Light Processions and lights on Christmas
Trees and in public places.
role of Craddock Stone Circle;- One question often
asked is, how did the people of 2000BC know which was the shortest day of
the year? It just happens that one of very few winter solstice alignments on the
Moor is between the nearby Craddock Stone Circle (1 kilometre distant) and
Tregarrick Tor. There is even a raised embankment avenue joining the
Stone Circle to the Hurlers complex - problem solved.
Clearly the Hurlers were very important in the Bronze Age and
this should be more widely recognized and appreciated.
A summary of work carried out in the county appears in "The Hurlers an
Archaeological Assessment" published by the Historic Environment Dept of
Cornwall Council.
Mapping the Sun Project Sept
The Equinox problem
solved - Maybe?;- The Sun does not rise due East
(above Kit Hill) on the Equinox but does rise early, these two
problems are linked. Refraction is well known as the reason
for the Sun to become visible while still below the horizon.
The Hurlers;- A combined project
(Sept 2013) with the county archaeologists culminated
in a nine day "Summer School" on the Hurlers. Called "Mapping the Sun"
Involved survey work and mapping the Sun rise and set
positions. We have created a Bronze Age Landscape map -
working with a range of specialist kit new and old to achieve this.
New Discoveries were made and new Legends were born. The archaeologists
uncovered, examined, photographed and recorded a quartz pavement that last saw the light of day in 1938
and using modern techniques will learn so much more.
This lovely sunset picture showing two of the Hurlers
lit torches was taken by
Paul Hughes of the Observatory team
Martin, a German visitor to Cornwall filming the
Hurlers from his Quadrocopter.
His You Tube videos can be found on Thesnaptin
Image Credit Robin Paris
Africa;- To
find out more about my
attempt to spread the astronomy word
click on
my link Canoe Africa and visit
our special Canoe Africa page. See
also www.universetoday.com
check out the reports
filed under IYA 2009.
dates are Sept 9th 2008 and Feb 12th 2009
- Thanks to Tammy Plotner.
Home - News -
Us - Links - Articles -


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I was not happy with the sag in the forks of my DT VIIIFS. Don't get me wrong … the DT FS is the absolute best 20" folder for the money, but I'm used to adjustable shocks (downhill, MTB, MX). Suspension sag is nominally 10% to 30% of fork travel (and shock travel), and the sag on the BMX suspension fork on the FS was about 80%, nonadjustable. The price/performance of the OEM fork is understandable … but the fork is designed for BMX bikes, and BMX rider weights. The bottom line is I realized that what I loved about the DT FS was the frame and rear shock … everything else could go. Everything but the frame and rear shock did go. I also wanted taller gearing … like 53/9, more length in the cockpit (I'm 6'2", 188 cm), and less handlepost flex.
I present the "Mauna Kea bike", a DT FS frame with (see pix, I suggest the MnKea_Wh_Side.jpg pix first):
an adjustable, carbon fiber fork (MEKS, Hoosier Bicycle Supply), sag set between 10% and 30%, depending on ride profile; the MEKS fork is very popular on 'bents. White Bros. fork is even better, but I paid $149 for the MEKS, and White Bros. start at $600.
threadless headset (necessary for the MEKS fork) (dremeled the I.D. of the top nut of Shimano STX headset to an al dente fit; a desperate builder's trick, don't try it at home; a compression ring and real threadless headset would probably work, but the MEKS steerer tube is smaller than nominal 1-1/8")
sleevepost (sleeve handlepost) like a Swift or Airnimal (Aircraft Spruce, 6061T1 tubing, 1-1/8 and 1-1/4 O.D.s, 0.58 wall, homebrew; smaller tubing is stempost, larger tubing clamped to top of steerer tube and to bottom of stempost using seatpost clamps; inserted star nut in steerer tube, cut a section of the larger tubing to use as a compression spacer, cut the front off of an Icon stem ($1.98 from Pricepoint.com) to use as a steerer tube clamp; sleevepost slips off to pack the bike, a la Swift). Importantly, the stempost rests flush against the steerer tube of the fork, inside the sleeve. This makes the sleevepost very rigid, much more rigid than a folding handlepost, and much lighter. I plan to cut a 180 degree piece from the steerer tube, and the opposite 180 degree piece from the stempost, so that the two will fit together, leaving only the stem to stempost clamp as the source of play/adjustment between the bars and the front wheel.
double crankset (53/39) (175 mm crankarms, Nashbar/FSA, ISIS drive, with Shimano BB and Speedplay Frog pedals ... 1/4" wider than a folded, folding pedal, but with the advantage of cleated power)
front derailleur (Shimano R440, SRAM Microshift, homebrew cable hanger, inverted, on hacked FD hanger mounted on the bottom of the seatpost; flange of inside cage arm on FD dremeled to conform to DT swingarm to provide chainline clearance to largest cog from 39 chainring)
Dura-Ace 9-speed rear derailleur on SunRace RD hanger (biketoolsetc.com) and SRAM Attack shifter
Shimano Capreo hub and 9-speed cassette (9/26) (Harris Cyclery) on Velocity Razor rim (wheelbuild by J. Gaerlan), Primo Kevlar Comet 1.35 with 1.5 layers of 26" Spinskin, SRAM 9-speed chain
Shimano 105 front hub on Velocity Razor rim (wheelbuild by J. Gaerlan), Primo Kevlar Comet 1.35 with 1.5 layers of 26" Spinskin
Euro touring bars (Harris Cyclery) with SRAM 9.0 brake levers, and Nashbar inline brake levers on Nashbar barends with Lizardskins; Nashbar adjustable stem, loosen stem pivot bolt and fold bars against stempost to pack)
Nashbar and Promax V-brakes, KoolStop pads, Jagwire adjustable noodles, all cable housing replaced with Avenir, all cables replaced with Teflon-coated
Kalloy suspension seatpost, Vetta SL saddle
Finally, I have won the battle with the rampworkers at the airports here. That's not black paint on the bike ... that's truck bedliner (NAPA). When the bag tossers manage to chip bedliner (they do), I just dab some more bedliner on.
So…. the only original part is the DT frame.
Riding impressions
The bike is VERY fast and comfortable … smoother over bad pavement than a 700c Ti frame with CF seat stays. The Capreo hub is at least 105 quality, maybe Ultegra level. I didn't think I would notice how much better the bike rolls, but after moving the Primos from the OEM wheels to the Velocity Razors, the difference is noticeable … feels like 1 cassette tooth faster for the same peddling input on the 53 chainring. The sleevepost flex when pulling near the rear of the bars is pretty much like that of a Swift, but when tucked in and pulling on the barends, there is understandably more flex, but still much, much less than the flex of a folding handlepost.
Almost as stable as my Swift, but more cockpit room due to the barends forward of the Euro bars, better ride than the Swift due to full suspension. The MEKS fork meant I didn't need a Thudbuster, so I put the Thudbuster on the Swift and put a Kalloy suspension seatpost (adjustable preload, two rider-weight models with the split at 175 lbs; Biketoolsetc.com) on the Mauna Kea bike.
The 53/9 combination gives 117.8 gear inches, and the 39/26 gives 30 gear inches. Perfect for coastal roads and the climb to Kula.
For a lower end, e.g., like the Mauna Kea Observatory Access Rd, I put an 11/34 cassette on the OEM hub, Vredstein S-Licks, also with 1.5 layers of 26" Spinskins (I HATE flats, especially on tires that have PIA beads and need 200 psi to set the bead). Change rear wheel, change and adjust RD (Deore LX), and Megarange!, brought to you by the SRAM master link.
RD shifting is just as fast as on my road bikes. Shifting the FD to the 53 chainring takes care, since there's an unused third position on the shifter … but the Microshift was the right price and definitely helps to tune the chainline. The rule about working outside to outside, inside to inside, between chainrings and cogs is critically important on this bike.
I feel I have a high end Bike Friday equivalent (or better) for 1/3 the cost.
Yan, what a terrific frame! I publicly beg for your FS frame made with Ti. On your next trip to Asia stop by for a test ride.


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Winter 2011
House Movers
by Mary Ann Travis
Relocating historical houses is a job of heroic proportions for a group of Tulane alumni.
Love Affair With a House
Kenneth Bryant, A&S '98, A '98
An architecture student's fascination with a mansion years ago leads to its preservation today.
Ain't There No More
Photographs by Stephen Hilger
A photographer records a disappearing Mid City neighborhood.
Close Encounters With Art
by Tom Nugent
Madeleine Grynsztejn (NC '83) shakes up contemporary art in Chicago.
Deconstructing Shayne
by Nick Marinello
Despite walking in the sensible shoes of an academic, sociologist Shayne Lee relishes the almost magical twists and turns of his path.
Tulane University | 6823 St. Charles Avenue | New Orleans, LA 70118


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This week we are making our annual homemade valentines…I am excited to share them with you…along with free printables!
I love how this one turned out. Below is the link for the Valentine download of the above image.
{All printables and downloads designed by The Crafting Chicks are for PERSONAL USE ONLY. Please do not alter or claim as your own. This file is not intended for resale, nor are the printed versions of this file. Feel free to link back to www.thecraftingchicks.com if you like our printables, and we'd appreciate a comment if you download.}
I found valentine pencils and heart sharpeners to add to this valentine that goes along with the quote…I think you are really "SHARP!" I made these to look like mini chalkboards. So after printing, I left a small white border when cutting out the valentines.
After printing the valentines, I punched a hold on the top and bottom of the side to slide the pencil through. I loved the sharpener affixed to the top…so the secret to that is a little hot glue. You can peel it right off.
And you have some quick, adorable valentines perfect for classmates!
Check back for some other fun Valentine printables!
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Sadie Says: February 11, 2013 at 8:36 am
that is really cute! thanks!!!
These are perfect for my daughters class (plus I just picked up valentine pencils for her to give out!). However, after I downloaded and opened the file, I don't have a print option… any suggestions??
Becky Says: February 13, 2013 at 11:22 pm
After you download you need to unzip the file. Just right click on it and choose "unzip" and then it will open up for you to print.
Teresa R. Says: February 11, 2013 at 1:20 pm
like this idea. I'll have to use this for next year.
This is just what I was looking for… I had limited time to throw together some Valentine's for my students and I really didn't want to get candy. I already purchased the pencils and just stumbled upon heart sharpeners. These were absolutely perfect. Because they were black and white, I could just use the copy machine at school and save my colored ink. Thrilled. Thank you Thank you Thank you.
[…] "You Are Really Sharp" Valentine from The Crafting Chicks […]
[…] You Are Really Sharp by The Crafting Chicks […]
[…] Pencil and Sharpener Valentine from The Crafting Chicks. […]
[…] 2. Valentine…You are really SHARP! […]
Lisa B Says: January 20, 2015 at 7:07 pm
For a mom looking for non-candy valentines, this was absolutely perfect! Thank you so much…
40 DIY Valentine's Day Card Ideas (for kids!) | Make It and Love It Says: January 30, 2015 at 10:30 am
[…] You Are Really Sharp by The Crafting Chicks […]
21 Free Printable Valentines on The Crafting Chicks - The Crafting Chicks Says: January 30, 2015 at 12:06 pm
[…] Valentine… I think you are really SHARP! […]
Sabrina Says: February 5, 2015 at 2:42 pm
I love these! So very school appropriate & mommy friendly! I love being crafty but am terrible with my own ideas. You ladies are very creative. Thank you, thank you, thank you!
Trish Says: February 10, 2015 at 9:19 pm
Giving to my students this year! Thanks!
[…] SHARP Valentine Leaping LIZARDS! Valentine "You're My Favorite Fish in the Sea" Valentine You Make My Heart Bounce Valentine Puzzle Valentines […]
[…] or without the pencil, these valentines Are Really Sharp! What kid doesn't love their very own personal pencil sharpener?! This time, don't make […]
Wendi Says: February 9, 2016 at 2:55 pm
I don't see the link to download this…help!


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Brazilian C.N.A. gets highlighted at PCTY ANZ
Mary Gorczynski 1100006B54 firstname.lastname@example.com | | Tags:  service-management software cattle australia maximo tivoli eam ibmontwitter ibmeam asset-management ibmsoftware assetmgmt pcty
1 Comments | 4,733 Visits
Forget Winter, Australia is Hot
Mary Gorczynski 1100006B54 email@example.com | | Tags:  service-management smart-sensors retail maximo smarter-planet software ibmpulse anz ibmontwitter transportation smart water utilities asset-management ibmsoftware eam tivoli pcty
1 Comments | 3,991 Visits
Today's blog comes from Pete Karns. As I write this, I am among some 700 people attending the ANZ IBM Pulse Comes to You in Sydney. Sydney is an amazing city that you have to visit in order to fully appreciate; it is blessed with a wonderful geographic location, which is ... [ + Read more ]


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The Contagion of Constitutional Avoidance
Gant, Scott E., Constitutional Commentary
Terri Schiavo passed away on March 31, 2005. In the weeks leading up to her death, what was once a wrenching personal matter for Ms. Schiavo's family and loved ones transformed into a political and legal drama that gripped much of the nation and garnered attention around the world. There was much about Ms. Schiavo's case to sadden any of us, regardless of one's political or religious views. Everyone should be troubled, however, by the fact that virtually all members of the legislative, executive and judicial branches involved in enacting or applying the "Act for the relief of the parents of Theresa Marie Schiavo" (also referred to as "Terri's Law") (1) seemingly ignored serious questions about the law's constitutionality, and in so doing avoided their responsibilities as constitutional interpreters.
Constitutional interpretation by the legislative and executive branches has been the subject of robust discussion by academicians and other commentators in recent years. (2) Some (myself included) have urged non-judicial actors to take more seriously their roles as interpreters of the Constitution and in dialogue about its meaning and application. (3) For us, this aspect of the Schiavo matter should have been disheartening. That the judiciary seemingly joined in the avoidance of hard constitutional questions is all the more disappointing.
Legislators and executive branch officers take oaths to "support" the Constitution, (4) while the President swears to "preserve, protect and defend" the Constitution. (5) As I have argued elsewhere, at a minimum these pledges obligate officials to consider for themselves the meaning of the Constitution and its connection to their work, not simply rely on the judiciary. (6)
In Congress's haste to pass Terri's Law, it gave remarkably little consideration to whether the legislation was consistent with various constitutional provisions and principles. The law provides:
The United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida shall have jurisdiction to hear, determine and render judgment on a suit or claim by or on behalf of Theresa Marie Schiavo for the alleged violation of any right of Theresa Marie Schiavo under the Constitution or laws of the United States relating to the withdrawing or withholding of food, fluids, or mental treatment necessary to sustain life. (7)
The Senate undertook no substantive evaluation of the law, and passed it without debate after behind the scenes wrangling over the provisions of the bill. (8) A review of the Congressional Record memorializing House deliberation reveals but a few terse references to the legislation's constitutionality, and most of those were by opponents of the bill. The only remotely substantive attention paid to constitutional issues appears in what is described as a "supplemental legislative history" offered by James Sensenbrenner, (9) Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, who argued that the bill is consistent with Supreme Court precedent because it does not "'reopen [] (or direct [] the reopening of) final judgments in a whole class of cases [or] in a particular suit,'" (10) and "presents no problems regarding retrospective application." (11) Congressman Sensenbrenner did not address any of the other potential constitutional objections to the law, nor does it appear those were given consideration by others in Congress. (12)
Despite the unusual nature of Terri's Law and the circumstances of its enactment, the statement released by the President immediately after he signed the bill mentioned nothing about the constitutional issues, (13) and no White House officials offered public comment on the constitutionality of the new law. Although it is impossible to know what discussions occurred in the West Wing before the President signed it, there is no indication that the President or those who advise him evaluated any of the difficult constitutional questions raised by Terri's Law. …


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Christoph Ruckhäberle
Christoph Ruckhäberle
Oil on canvas
190 x 280cm
The tea party in Christoph Ruckhaberle's Untitled plays an optical illusion; this pleasant image deconstructs itself into a myriad of coloured components, oscillating between narrative scene and formalist abstraction. Christoph Ruckhaberle approaches this painting as a compositional jigsaw puzzle, each element an individually delineated shape filling a gap in the whole: L-shaped knees disjointedly connect to rectangular skirts and socks, geometric furnishings float without a sense of grounded order. Through subtle repetition of form, Ruckhaberle creates a systemic visual harmony; a contrived soothing comfort through which a surreal suspense passes almost unnoticed.
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text:
If you ride a Fuji, please tell us which model you have. What type of material is the frame made out of? What components do you have? Any pics of your ride?
The reason I ask is because it seems like Fuji bikes are pretty rare. On this forum, there are tons of Treks, Specialized, Bianchi, Lightspeed, etc., but there aren't a lot of Fuji owners.
When I ride, I see lots of Specialized & Treks around, I hardly see anyone riding a Fuji.
Let me go first.
Bike: 2002 Fuji Roubaix (aluminum frame)
Component: 105
Not too crazy about the color
Rides a little on the rough side, but I think I can still take the punishment for a few more years. I don't think I can out grow this bike. I love how the 105 shifts, I just can't imagine how much smoother Ultegra or DA is!
I'll post a pic when I get home.
Let's see some pictures of your bike!


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North Coast unveils new season, closes in on move
When David Ellenstein took over as artistic director of North Coast Repertory Theatre last year, he had his work cut out for him.
The Solana Beach theater company was in the red, subscriptions and donations were down sharply, layoffs and resignations had gutted the staff, and the city had ordered that a handicapped restroom be built at the already-too-small theater.
What a difference a year makes. Since Ellenstein took over North Coast Rep, subscriptions are up more than 50 percent, donations and staffing are up, the company has taken over a cafe (complete with handicapped restroom) next door, and Ellenstein hopes soon to announce a move to a new, and much-larger, location.
The 23-year-old theater company has been in negotiations for the past six months over two locations, one in Solana Beach and one in Encinitas. Although Ellenstein could not be specific about the locations or dates, he said he hopes within a few weeks to announce the location where North Coast Rep will build a permanent theater, complete with its own rehearsal space and classrooms.
Much of the rapid growth at North Coast Rep in 2003 was achieved, Ellenstein admits, because he planned a season of conservative, general-interest plays that appealed to a broad audience. But now, with North Coast Rep in a much stronger financial position, Ellenstein said he has stretched his boundaries just a hair with the announcement of the company's 23rd season.
"I wanted to be a little more adventuresome than I was last year," said Ellenstein, a Carlsbad resident. "Subscriptions are way up, so I thought I could be a little riskier in my programming. I'm not talking about ever wanting to go to the place where I'm doing what Sledgehammer (San Diego's avant-garde theater) does, but I think we can now incorporate shows from a lot of different genres."
The six-play 2004-05 season, which opens July 3 and runs through July 2005, will include a Mafia-style comedy, a new musical, three San Diego premieres, a new translation of a French farce, and an American classic. Ellenstein will also present a special engagement of a solo play that he co-authored.
Ellenstein said he has a list of some 120 plays and musicals he'd like to produce, so when he was narrowing down his picks for the 2004-05 season, he tried to pick plays from the list in several genres that would fit together well. His theme for the 23rd season is "Celebrate the Individual."
"I think all the plays in the season are about how an individual can make a difference in the world," he said.
* Opening the season is "Breaking Legs" (July 3-Aug. 8), Tom Dulack's fast-paced Mafia comedy set in an Italian restaurant, which was first produced in 1989 at the Old Globe Theatre.
"I wanted a comedy to kick off the season and when I read the script I found myself laughing out loud," he said.
* Next up (Sept. 4-Oct. 17) is the San Diego premiere of "The Chosen," Aaron Posner and Chaim Potok's play based on Potok's classic novel about two boys -- one a Hassidic Jew, the other an Orthodox Jew -- whose lives and families become violently and spiritually intertwined in 1940s Brooklyn.
The North Coast Rep production will mark the fourth time Ellenstein has directed "The Chosen." He first staged the play with Arizona Jewish Theatre and later with L.A. Repertory Company, both to much acclaim. And he was in Miami, Fla., last week directing a new production starring Theodor Bikel at the Coconut Grove Playhouse. That production will move in February to the Paper Mill Playhouse in New Jersey.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Aug 10, 1971
|Filing date
|Jun 3, 1969
|Priority date
|Jun 3, 1969
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Baum George, Wise Warren M
|Original Assignee
|Corning Glass Works
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Referenced by (18), Classifications (8), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Aug. 10, 1971 M ETAL POTASSIUM ION SENSITIVE ELECTRODE 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed June 3, 1969 Fig.
INVENTORS. George Baum BY Warren M. Wise ATTORNEY Aug. 10, 1971 M ETAL 3,598,713
POTASSIUM ION SENSITIVE ELECTRODE Filed June 55, 1969 2 Sheets-Shoot 2 Responses to KC! and NoCl Solutions Doshed Lines Sodium tetrophenylborote 60 In Decunol solvent j EMF(-mv) vs. sot Colomel 34o Solid Lines Potassium tetrok|s(p-chlorophenyl)borote 360 in Nitrooromotic solvents 4 3 2 v 0 Log m (salt) INVENTORS.
George Baum Warren M. Wise 4 WKW ATTORNEY United States Patent Q1 flee 3,598,713 Patented Aug. 10, 1971 3,598,713 POTASSIUM ION SENSITIVE ELECTRODE George Baum, Corning, and Warren M. Wise, Big Flats, N.Y., assignors to Corning Glass Works, Corning, N.Y. Filed June 3, 1969, Ser. No. 830,040 Int. Cl. G01n 27/46 US. Cl. 204-195 11 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An electrode for measuring the concentration of potassium ions in an aqueous solution wherein the sensing portion is a liquid organic phase containing a potassium substituted tetraphenylborate dissolved in a suitable organic solvent.
Heretofore glass electrodes for selectively measuring potassium ionic activity in the presence of sodium ions have been known and are described in US. Pat. 2,829,- 090, issued to G. Eisenman et al. The electrode is formed from a potassium selective glass membrane containing about 27 mole percent sodium oxide, 4 mole percent aluminum oxide and the remainder silica. These electrodes have selectivities for potassium ions over sodium ions of the order up to about 10: 1.
A totally different approach in making electrodes was discovered by J. W. Ross and is disclosed in US. Pat. 3,429,785. This concept essentially relates to a liquid membrane at which ionic exchange occurs formed at the interface between an organic ion exchanger liquid and an aqueous test solution. The electropotential developed at this interface is sensed by the internal reference electrode and finally recorded on a potentiometer. The organic ion exchanger electrode was further improved by R. J. Settzo et al. as described in US. Pat. 3,448,032, by placing an organophilic-hydrophobic porous membrane between the organic ion exchanger liquid and the aqueous test solution. If the membrane material itself is not organophilichydrophobic, it is necessary to coat the membrane with a treating agent to impart to the membrane the organophilichydrophobic property. For suitable treating agents, see the Settzo et al. patent. This selectively permeable membrane is substantially impermeable to the aqueous phase and preferentially permeable to the organic phase, such that, when the electrode is dipped into an aqueous test solution, the interface at which ion exchange occurs is located in the proximity of the outer surface of the membrane. Another development, the use of ograno-metallic liquid ion exchangers, was discovered by M. S. Frant et al. and disclosed in US. Pat. 3,406,102. Typical organometallics recommended are compounds of metals and metalloids such as mercury, arsenic, antimony, lead, tin, bismuth and boron. Most of the organometallic compounds described are useful for forming anion-specific electrodes.
Quite surprisingly we have now found a liquid organic exchanger electrode capable of about 100:1 selectivity for potassium in the presence of sodium ions in an aqueous solution. Thus the electrode is capable of measuring potassium ion activity in the presence of sodium ions without making background corrections. The potassium specific ion electrode has a Nernstian response from as low as 10* molar and a useful pH range of from 3-11. Its response time compares favorably to that of any good glass pH electrode.
In accordance with the present invention we have discovered an electrode for measuring the concentration of potassium ions in an aqueous solution comprising (a) A liquid organic phase containing an ion exchange material having the formula (C H X) BK wherein X is a member selected from the group consisting of chlorine and phenoxy;
(b) A means for so containing the organic phase as to provide an interface for ion exchange contact between said organic phase and the aqueous solution; and
(c) An internal reference electrode element in electrical contact with the organic phasee.
This invention is more clearly understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a representative electrode formed according to the principles of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of an electrode formed according to the principles of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a fragmented cross-sectional view of a modified electrode for use in measuring ion concentrations of blood serums.
FIG. 4 is a graphic representation of comparative data obtained by using electrodes as discussed hereinafter.
Referring now to the drawings, in the embodiment illustrated by FIG. 1, the ion exchange electrode 10 of the present invention is comprised of an electrically insulating container such as an outer glass tube 12 having an opening at each end thereof. One end of the glass tube 12 is tightly capped with a substantially chemically inert porous membrane 14 which is attached to the glass tube 12 by a suitable means such as a solid glass 16 or directly by a glass to glass seal. The interior portion of the glass tube 12 is filled with an organic ion exchanger liquid 18. When assembled and in actual use the ion exchanger liquid is in contact with and fills the pores of the mem brane 14. In order to permit the ion exchanger liquid 18 to very gradually flow through the pores of the membrane 14, a vent 20 may be placed in the glass tube 12 to prevent the formation of a vacuum. Immersed directly in the ion exchanger liquid 18 and electrical contact therewith is an internal reference electrode 22 which is preferably of the silver-silver chloride type. The internal reference electrode 22 is made up of an inner glass tube 24 held in place by means of an O-ring 26, a platinum Wire 28 and a silversilver chloride coating 30 and a salt bridge 34 consisting of saturated potassium chloride solution which may be gelled with gelatinous silica or agar. Alternatively, the salt bridge 34 may consist of a saturated sodium chlo ride solution to avoid contamination of the sample by potassium ions. This substitution results in a shift of the EMF in a positive direction. A plug 32 of a suitable inert material such as glass wool soaked in a salt bridge solution can be placed at the bottom of the glass tube 22 to enhance the mechanical stability. The end of the tube 12 is suitably capped by lid 36 which acts both as a closure and a support for electrically conductive lead 38 which forms part of the internal electrode 22. The electrode of FIG. 1 is employed by contacting the outer surface of the membrane 14 with the aqueous test solution. Membrane 14 provides a mechanical support which retains the ion exchange liquid 18 Within the tube 12 while also permitting the formation of an active ion exchange liquidliquid interface on the outer surface of the membrane 22 between the ion exchange liquid and the aqueous test solution.
Referring now to FIG. 2 this embodiment is similar to that of FIG. 1 and has like parts designated by identical numerals, but is different in that the inner glass tube 24 is attached directly to the porous membrane 14 by I means of solder glass 16. In this embodiment the inner vents the passage of an aqueous material either into or out of the electrode 10.
The ion exchangers useful in the novel potassium ion sensitive electrodes are potassium substituted tetraphenylborates. These compounds may be represented by the general formula (C H X) BK wherein X is a. member selected from the group consisting of chlorine and phenoxy. An essential property of the ion exchanger is that it must be water insoluble. Thus, the potassium salt which is water insoluble is to be used, rather than the sodium salt which is water soluble. Electrodes made with potassium tetraphenylborate dissolved in a 1:1 mixture of tri-n-butyl phosphate and Z-hendecanone were stable and have fast response times. However, the selectivities for potassium ions over sodium ions are poorer than the available glass electrodes. In general, the nonsubstituted salts are very insoluble in the commonly used organic solvents for preparing liquid ion exchanger electrodes. Certain substitutions on the phenyl rings of potassium tetraphenylborate were found to enhance the solubility of the salt in common organic solvents. Substitution of methyl, methoxy or chlorine for hydrogen in the para position of just one phenyl ring did not significantly alter the solubility of the alkali salt in organic solvents. However, when chlorine is placed in the para position of each of the four phenyl rings the resulting potassium salt is soluble in a large number of organic solvents such as alcohols, nitrobenzene, di-n-butylphthalate, cyclohexanone and tricresylphosphate. Also substitution of an organic radical such as methyl, methoxy or phenoxy group in each of the four para positions produces potassium salts that are soluble in some of these solvents. However, the tetrap-methyl and tetra-p-methoxy substituted exchangers produced inferior electrodes. Furthermore, substitution of iodine or bromine produces compounds which are not sufiiciently stable, whereas the fluoride compound is difficult to prepare. The only exchangers which have been found to give satisfactory results are the tetra-p-phenoxy and the tetra-p-chloro compounds. Thus, we have limited the exchangers useful in the present invention to potassium tetrakis(p-chlorophenyl)borate and potassium tetrakis(p-phenoxyphenyl)borate.
A very important role in controlling the performance of the organic ion exchange electrode is played by the solvent system. The system must be liquid at room temperature although individual components do not have to be. It must be a good solvent for the ion exchanger and at the same time it must be substantially water immiscible. The solvent should have a high dielectric constant and a viscosity such that the organic phase is able to saturate and pass through the membrane. The latter property can be adjusted by using a mixture of solvents. The preferred solvents for the exchanger are nitroaromatic compounds. These compounds generally have the formula wherein R is hydrogen, alkyl containing 1-14 carbon atoms, lower alkoxy, and alkylcarboxy and R is hydrogen and methyl. Representative compounds include nitrobenzene; 1,2-dimethyl-4-nitrobenzene; phexylnitrobenzene; 1,2-dimethyl-3-nitrobenzene, decyl-p-nitrobenzoate, and octyl-p-nitrophenyl ether. Frequently, the nitroaromatic compounds are used in mixtures such as for example a 1:1 mixture of 1,2-dimethyl-4-nitrobenzene and phexyl-nitrobenzene. Higher nitrated solvents, i.e. those containing more than one nitro group, tend to be explosive and should be avoided. The ratio of exchanger to solvent is to a large extent limited by the solubility of the exchanger in the solvent which is usually up to a few percent. Typically the organic phase contains about 4 1% w./v. of the organometallic ion exchanger in the solvent.
Referring now to FIG. 3, in measuring the potassium ion concentration of blood serums, the electrode must be further modified in order to give satisfactory potassium ion over sodium ion selectivity. Failure to modify the electrode results in anomalous EMF readings. As illustr-ated, the electrode has essentially a configuration similar to FIG. 1, although it may also have other configurations such as shown in FIG. 2. The porous organophilichydrophobic membrane 1 4 is attached to the outer tube 12 so as to form a container for the organic ion exchanger liquid 18, and the internal reference electrode 22 is in electrical contact with the exchanger liquid 18'. The modification involves placing a dialysis membrane 40, held in place by a suitable means such as an O-ring 42, directly in front of the organophilic-hydrophobic porous membrane 14, to prevent the samples of blood serum from contaminating the liquid organic ion exchanger sensor. An exmaple of a suitable dializer is a cellophane membrane such as used for dializer tubing which has a wall thickness of about 0.008 and an average pore diameter of about 48 A. units. To meet satisfactory selectivity the organophilic-hydrophobic membrane must be placed between the cellophane and the internal reference electrode.
A number of ion exchanger electrode assemblies as illustrated by FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 were formed using an organic phase containing various tetraphenylborate salts and solvents and their behavior was determined as will be described in the following examples.
EXAMPLE I The ion exchanger, potassium tetrakis(p-chlorophenyl) borate was prepared by the following procedure. To an etheral solution of the Grignard reagent prepared from 0.29 mole (55.5 grams) of 1-bromo-4-chlorobenzene in ml. of anhydrous diethyl ether, a solution of 0.054 mole (12.43 grams) of tri-n-butyl-borate in 125 ml. of ether was added dropwise with stirring over a period of one hour. The reaction flask contents was decanted into approximately 200 ml. of a dilute aqueous sodium chloride solution. The upper ether layer was separated and evaporated to dryness yielding the crude sodium tetrakis (p-chlorophenyl)borate which was dissolved in distilled water and filtered to remove solid impurities. To this solution was added dilute aqueous potassium chloride. The precipitate was filtered, dried and purified by recrystallization from benzene yielding a White amorphous powder which did not melt below 300 C.
A solvent mixture for the exchanger was made from a 1:1 mixture of p-hexylnitrobenzene and 4-nitro-1,2- dimethylbenzene. Into this mixture the solid potassium tetrakis (p-chlorophenyl)borate salt was dissolved to form a 1% w./v. solution.
Construction of the electrode was substantially as shown in FIG. 2. An Ag/AgCl reference electrode was immersed in a saturated KCl solution which contacts the organic ion exchanger liquid at the inside surface of the organophilic-hydrophobic membrane. The sensor also saturates the membrane and makes contact with the aqueous test solution at the outside surface of the membrane at which the potential in millivolts is established by the activity of the cation in the aqueous phase. A saturated calomel electrode was used as the reference for potential measurements.
The electrode selectivity was then determined by responses to KCl and NaCl solutions of different molalities. The results are shown in the lower portion of FIG. 4. The heavy solid line indicates the data for the KCl solutions while the thin solid line is the data for the NaCl solutions. ,Since the NaCl response does not have a constant slope over the entire range shown, an effective way of determining selectivity is to compare the concentrations of NaCl and KCl required to establish the same EMF. Selectivity values of K+/Na+ for 10*, 10 and 10 molar potassium salt solutions are 55:1, 80:1, and 90:1 respectively in single salt solutions.
EXAMPLE II Following the procedure of Example I an electrode was prepared using a 1% w./v. of potassium tetrakis(pphenoxyphenyl)borate in 3 nitro 1,2-dimethylbenzene. The results obtained given in millivolt readings for various molality solutions are as follows:
Millivolts K01 NaCl A comparison of the responses to KCl and NaCl solutions indicates that selectivities for K /Na+ of 100:1 are obtained.
EXAMPLE III Following the procedure of Example I an electrode was prepared using a 1% w./v. of sodium tetraphenylborate in decanol. The results obtained given in millivolt readings for various molality solutions are as follows:
Millivolts Molality KCl NaCl A number of electrodes were assembled and their responses were measured in aqueous KCl and NaCl solutions. The sensor used was the organic ion exchanger liquid of Example I and the electrode configuration was that shown in FIG. 2 and the modification shown in FIG. 3. Saturated NaCl was used as the internal reference electrolyte for the Ag/AgCl internal reference electrode. Measurements were made with a Corning Model 12 pH meter and a saturated calomel electrode as a reference. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
Membrane Salt soln. Blood serum Electrode:
A Figure 2 Satisfactory Erroneously high reading. B Cellophane Poor selectivity Poor selectivity K+lNa+S102L K+lNa+10zL O Figure 2 and Satisfactory Satisfactory.
11 Previously analyzed human blood serum. b Reading indicates about a tenfold increase in concentration.
Thus, it is concluded that for satisfactory K+/Na+ selectivity two partitioning membranes must be used in series in the construction of a liquid ion exchange potassium electrode for measuring K+ ions in blood serums.
6 A dialysis membrane must be present to prevent the sample of blood serum from contaminating the liquid ion exchange sensor. In addition to maintain satisfactory selectivity, an organophilic-hydrophobic porous membrane must be placed between the dialysis membrane and the internal reference electrode.
We claim:
1. An electrode for measuring the concentration of potassium ions in an aqueous solution comprising:
(a) a liquid organic phase containing an ion exchange material having the formula (C H X) BK, wherein X is a member selected from the group consisting of chlorine and phenoxy,
(b) a means for so containing the organic phase, as to provide an interface for ion exchange contact between said organic phase and the aqueous solution; and
(c) an internal reference electrode element in electrical contact with the organic phase.
2. The electrode of claim 1, wherein said material is dissolved in a nitroaromatic solvent.
3. The electrode of claim 2, wherein said solvent has the formula wherein R is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl containing 1-14 carbon atoms, lower alkoxy and alkylcarboxy, and R is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl.
4. The electrode of claim 3, wherein said ion exchange material is potassium tetrakis (p-chlorophenyl)borate.
5. The electrode of claim 3, wherein said ion exchange material is potassium tetra-kis (p-phenoxyphenyDborate.
6. The electrode of claim 3, wherein said solvent is a mixture of at least two nitroaromatic compounds.
7. The electrode of claim 6, wherein said mixture consists of p-hexylnitrobenzene and 4-nitro-1,2-dimethylbenzene.
8. The electrode of claim 2, wherein said means includes a container for said liquid organic phase having an opening at a portion and an organophilic-hydrophobic porous membrane disposed in covering relationship across said opening.
9. The electrode of claim 8, wherein said membrane consists of a ceramic material coated with a treating agent to impart the organophilic-hydrophobic property.
10. The electrode of claim 8, wherein a dialysis membrane is positioned in front of and across said porous membrane.
11. The electrode of claim 10, wherein said dialysis membrane consists essentially of porous cellophane.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,398,066 8/1968 Ilani 204-1T 3,406,102 10/ 1968 Frant et al 204- 3,438,886 4/1969 Ross 204195 3,448,032 6/ 1969 Settzo et al. 204-495 TIA-HSUNG TUNG, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 2041T
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 8, 1972
|Nov 23, 1976
|Biomedical International Company
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|May 19, 1976
|Oct 11, 1977
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Device for determining ionic activity of components of liquid drops
|Oct 11, 1978
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|Dec 24, 1986
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|Ion carrier membrane, and ion sensor having same
|Nov 14, 1988
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|Nov 19, 1987
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|Ion concentration measurement method
|Oct 5, 1990
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|Lithium ion sensor
|Jul 17, 1984
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|EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY (a New Jersey corporation)
|Ion-selective compositions containing certain crown ethers
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|Feb 26, 1998
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|Ion-selective electrode and method for selective determination of analytes in body fluids
|Nov 14, 1988
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|U.S. Classification
|204/417, 204/418
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 13, 1985
|Assignment of assignor's interest
Owner name: CIBA CORNING DIAGNOSTICS CORP., MEDFIELD, MASSACHU
Owner name: CORNING GLASS WORKS
Effective date: 19851105
|Nov 13, 1985
Owner name: CIBA CORNING DIAGNOSTICS CORP., MEDFIELD, MASSACHU
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:CORNING GLASS WORKS;REEL/FRAME:004483/0427
Effective date: 19851105


text:
Apple Cinnamon Herbal Tea22237
Product Details
Apple Cinnamon Tea is a heavenly herbal blend of fruit and spice that yields an overall pear-like aroma and flavor. The cup produced has a delightfully fresh fruity character with delicious cinnamon notes. Makes a nice dessert substitute! Contains apple pieces, hibiscus, rose hip peels, pineapple cubes, cinnamon bits, flavoring, and sunflower petals. Caffeine-free. Use one teaspoon per cup and steep 5-10 minutes in freshly boiled water.
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Apple Cinnamon Herbal Tea22237
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text:
While William Lloyd Garrison was convening a court of popular opinion in which to gain a hearing for his appeals on behalf of the slave, Frederick Douglass was still Frederick Bailey, a Maryland bondsman. In the summer and fall of 1834, as the Zion Hill household disintegrated and the first newspaper reports of the Matthias scandal began to appear, Bailey was waging physical and psychological battle with notorious "nigger breaker" Edward Covey.1 Then, in 1845, a decade after Gilbert Vale presented the "Simple Narrative of Isabella in the Case of Matthias" as "the Whole Truth—and Nothing but the Truth," the Boston Anti-Slavery Office published the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself.
Almost as familiar as the Narrative's depiction of the enslaved Frederick Bailey's transformation into abolitionist author and orator Frederick Douglass is the scholarly account of Douglass's political and professional metamorphosis following the publication of his first book and subsequent lecture tour of the British Isles. Prior to the journey, the fugitive worked as an abolitionist lecture agent, giving speeches based on his life in slavery and documenting that experience with his popular Narrative. Afterward, Douglass, now an international celebrity, purchased his freedom, founded his own antislavery newspaper, reversed his position on the U.S. Constitution, rejected disunionism, broke with the Garrisonians, embraced political abolitionism, and published a second personal narrative, My Bondage and My Freedom (1855).2
Well-trodden as the path that bore Douglass from the Narrative to My Bondage and My Freedom may be, retracing it here in light of the antislavery movement's appeals to popular legal consciousness allows us to clear away one of its stumbling blocks, namely the apparent discrepancy between Douglass's retrospective account of his career as Garrisonian abolitionist and the historical record of his oratory and writing from 1841 to 1845. Meticulous reconstruction of Douglass's early career as an agent has effectively debunked "the standard view," derived largely from My Bondage and My Freedom, that


text:
Oklahoma County public records, March 22
Editor's note: The Oklahoman will publish free birth and adoption announcements as space permits. Include full names of parents, sex of child, and hospital or county of adoption. You can mail the information to The Oklahoman, P.O. Box 25125, Oklahoma City, OK 73125.
The Oklahoman does not publish birth announcements from hospitals that do not provide full names of parents.
Steven Deshun Kirkland, 44, and Juliana Charlene Johnson, 23.
Wesley Drew Webb, 22, and Shayna Osa Isaacs, 27.
Jose Israel Aguado Medina, 36, and Anitra Ann Horse, 35.
Cesar Hernandez Pasillas, 32, and Letisia Mendoza Mendoza, 25.
Eric Anthony Williams, 26, and Kathleen Lynn Fronkier, 26.
Michael Anthony Ybarra, 34, and Rhonda Nichole Ferguson, 26.
Steven Duane Lasher, 50, and Jean Marie Ulmer, 46.
Patrick Cole Williams, 26, and Kelsey Brooke Self, 26.
Zachary Lynn Collins, 18, and Ashlynn Danielle Buford, 18.
Kyle Grey Kinser, 29, and Lisa Christine Pursifull, 30.
Eric William Lynn Fields, 19, and Megan Nichole Snell, 24.
James Michael Holt, 56, and Deborah Richeson Briscoe, 56.
Joseph Brent Smith, 49, and Angela Michelle Williams, 37.
Mark Andrew Maska, 29, and Jordan Jamie Lashley, 23.
Beket Julien Boussontie, 28, Natalie Rose Pobocik, 24.
Adam Taylor Perkins, 23, and My Le Tran, 21.
Nicholas Michael Truesdell, 31, and Cammie Rebecca Vloedman, 29.
La Shawn Ammons, 45, and Amanda Daniel Graves, 30.
Gabbriel Enoc Vazquez, 22, and Sara Elizabeth Szabo, 24.
Jonathon N. Fenno, 30, and Amanda Lynn Blasingame, 31.
David Paul Hollis, 38, and Jennifer Lynn Waldrup, 32.
Steven Douglas Martin, 36, and Tasha Dawn Blair, 31.
Raunak Ahmed Eeman, 35, and Liliia Fedorova, 25.
Larue Drinkwater Jr., 44, and Rayburn Drinkwater, 42.
Armando Gonzalez Arellano, 18, and Shaunee Kai Gonzalez, 18.
Adkins, Stephen L. II v. Michelle M.
Allen, Sessnie F. v. Brownlee, Martravius S.
Deboard, Calena Raylene v. Luther Arnola
Furtado, Sierra Michelle v. Michael
Gregory, Gary D. v. Rhetta K.
Gulliver, Michael Charles Jr. v. Brandie Laine
Rabb, Betty Jo v. Wilson, William Amos Jr.
Ramirez, Susanna v. Ramirez Garcia, Cruz
Reffner, Derick S. v. Tiffany D.
Watson-Marner, Lyneise K. v. Marner, Curtis R.
Wilson, Jeff v. Stefanie


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Crossword Sunday
by Arkadium
Do you love the Sunday crossword but are tired of waiting weekly for it? Sunday Crossword has a repertoire of Sunday crossword puzzles at your fingertips, for free. And you don't even need a pen or pencil to play!
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Crossword Sunday