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Matthew J. Smith, Mark C. Vanderwel, Vassily Lyutsarev, Stephen Emmott, and Drew W. Purves
4 October 2012
The feedback between climate and the terrestrial carbon cycle will be a key determinant of the dynamics of the Earth System over the coming decades and centuries. However Earth System Model projections of the terrestrial carbon-balance vary widely over these timescales. This is largely due to differences in their carbon cycle models. A major goal in biogeosciences is therefore to improve understanding of the terrestrial carbon cycle to enable better constrained projections. Essential to achieving this goal will be assessing the empirical support for alternative models of component processes, identifying key uncertainties and inconsistencies, and ultimately identifying the models that are most consistent with empirical evidence. To begin meeting these requirements we data-constrained all parameters of all component processes within a global terrestrial carbon model. Our goals were to assess the climate dependencies obtained for different component processes when all parameters have been inferred from empirical data, assess whether these were consistent with current knowledge and understanding, assess the importance of different data sets and the model structure for inferring those dependencies, assess the predictive accuracy of the model, and to identify a methodology by which alternative component models could be compared within the same framework in future. Although formulated as differential equations describing carbon fluxes through plant and soil pools, the model was fitted assuming the carbon pools were in states of dynamic equilibrium (input rates equal output rates). Thus, the parameterised model is of the equilibrium terrestrial carbon cycle. All but 2 of the 12 component processes to the model were inferred to have strong climate dependencies although it was not possible to data-constrain all parameters indicating some potentially redundant details. Similar climate dependencies were obtained for most processes whether inferred individually from their corresponding data sets or using the full terrestrial carbon model and all available data sets, indicating a strong overall consistency in the information provided by different data sets under the assumed model formulation. A notable exception was plant mortality, in which qualitatively different climate dependencies were inferred depending on the model formulation and data sets used, highlighting this component as the major structural uncertainty in the model. All but two component processes predicted empirical data better than a null model in which no climate dependency was assumed. Equilibrium plant carbon was predicted especially well (explaining around 70% of the variation in the withheld evaluation data). We discuss the advantages of our approach in relation to advancing our understanding of the carbon cycle and enabling Earth System Models make better constrained projections.
|Publication type
|Published in
|Biogeosciences Discussions
|European Geosciences Union
© Author(s) 2012. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
William R. Weider, Steven D. Allison, Eric A. Davidson, Katerina Georgiou, Oleksandra Hararuk, Yujie He, Francesca Hopkins, Matthew J. Smith, Benjamin Sulman, Katherine Todd-Brown, Ying-Ping Wang, Jianyang Xia, and Xiaofeng Xu. Explicitly representing soil microbial processes in Earth system models, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, AGU Publications, 1 October 2015.
Oleksandra Hararuk and Matthew J. Smith. Importance of modelling microbial dynamics in soil: evaluation of conventional and microbial soil models informed by observations across various plant functional types, 15 December 2014.
Matthew J. Smith, Derek P. Tittensor, Vassily Lyutsarev, and Eugene Murphy. Inferred support for disturbance-recovery hypothesis of North Atlantic phytoplankton blooms, Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans, AGU Publishing, 6 October 2015.
Y. P. Wang, J. Jiang, B. Chen-Charpentier, F. B. Agusto, B. Hastings, F. Hoffman, M. Rasmussen, M. J. Smith, K. Todd-Brown, Y. Wang, X. Xu, and Y. Q. Luo. Responses of two nonlinear microbial models to warming or increased carbon input, Biogeosciences Discussions, 7 September 2015.
Yiqi Luo, Trevor F. Keenan, and Matthew J. Smith. Predictability of the terrestrial carbon cycle, Global Change Biology, Wiley, October 2014.
Katherine E Todd-Brown, Yiqi Luo, James Tremper Randerson, Stephen D. Allison, and Matthew J. Smith. Understanding the Dynamics of Soil Carbon in CMIP5 Models, 15 December 2014.
Y.P. Wang, B.C. Chen, W.R. Weider, M. Leite, B.E. Medlyn, M. Rasmussen, M.J. Smith, F.B. Augusto, F. Hoffman, and Y.Q. Luo. Oscillatory behavior of two nonlinear microbial models of soil carbon decomposition, Biogeosciences, European Geosciences Union, 7 April 2014.
S. Caldararu, D. W. Purves, and M. J. Smith. The effect of using the plant functional type paradigm on a data-constrained global phenology model, Biogeosciences Discussions, 19 October 2015.
Oleksandra Hararuk, Matthew J. Smith, and Yiqi Luo. Microbial models with data-driven parameters predict stronger soil carbon responses to climate change, Global Change Biology, Wiley, 1 December 2014.
M. J. Smith, D. W. Purves, M. C. Vanderwel, V. Lyutsarev, and S. Emmott. The climate dependence of the terrestrial carbon cycle, including parameter and structural uncertainties, Biogeosciences, European Geosciences Union, 29 January 2013.
Yiqi Luo, Zheng Shi, Lifen Jiang, Jianyang Xia, Ying Wang, Manoj Kc, Junyi Liang, Xingjie Lu, Shuli Niu, Anders Ahlstrom, Oleksandra Hararuk, Alan Hastings, Forrest Hoffman, Belinda E. Medlyn, Martin Rasmussen, Matthew J. Smith, Kathe E. Todd-Brown, and Yingping Wang. Terrestrial carbon storage dynamics: Chasing a moving target, American Geophysical Union, 5 November 2015.
Y.P.Wang, B.C.Chen, W.R.Weider, Y.Q.Luo, B.E.Medlyn, M.Rasmussen, M.J.Smith, F.B.Agusto, and F.Hoffman. Oscillatory behaviour of two nonlinear microbial models of soil carbon decomposition, Biogeosciences Discussions, European Geosciences Union, December 2013.
Yiqi Luo, Anders Ahlstrom, Steven D. Allison, Niels H. Batjes, Victor Brovkin, Nuno Carvalhais, Adrian Chappell, Philippe Ciais, Eric A. Davidson, Adien Finzi, Katerina Georgiou, Bertrand Guenet, Oleksandra Hararuk, Jennifer W. Harden, Yujie He, Francesca Hopkins, Lifen Jiang, Charlie Koven, Robert B. Jackson, Chris D. Jones, Mark J. Lara, Junyi Liang, A. David McGuire, William Parton, Changhui Peng, James T. Randerson, Alejandro Salazar, Carlos A. Sierra, Matthew J. Smith, Hanqin Tian, Katherine E. O. Todd-Brown, Margaret Torn, Kees Jan van Groenigen, Ying Ping Wang, Tristan O. West, Yaxing Wei, William R. Wieder, Jianyang Xia, Xia Xu, Xiaofeng Xu, and Tao Zhou. Towards More Realistic Projections of Soil Carbon Dynamics by Earth System Models, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 17 December 2015.
J. Meyerholt, S. Zaehle, and M. J. Smith. Variability of projected terrestrial biosphere responses to elevated levels of atmospheric CO2 due to uncertainty in biological nitrogen fixation , Biogeosciences Discussions, 9 December 2015.


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Vilsack Apologizes to Ousted USDA Official, Offers to Rehire
Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack said he personally apologized to Shirley Sherrod, the black USDA employee forced to resign after a furor over an edited videotape of remarks she made, and offered to rehire her.
Vilsack said he extended "my personal and profound apologies" and that he accepted "full responsibility." Sherrod's "extraordinary history" would help the USDA deal with race relations, he said.
Sherrod "asked for the opportunity to think about it," Vilsack said.
Vilsack's statement at the Agriculture Department followed a public apology issued earlier by President Barack Obama's chief spokesman, who said the secretary and others acted without knowing all the facts of the case.
The decision to seek her resignation was "made in haste," Vilsack said.
At issue was a portion of a speech she gave in March in which she said that during an initial meeting with a white farmer he had acted "superior" and she thought she might not use the "full force" of what she could do to help him.
In the full version, she talks about how that experience caused her to realize that the issue was about the "haves and have nots" and not white versus black. She said she worked hard "calling everybody I could think of" to help the man save his farm, a statement corroborated by the farmer.

subset: commoncrawl


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Recently cleaned the throttle body, had fuel injectors, cleaned, and replaced one ignition coil on 3.0 L, V6, 2000 S-type Jaguar. Car now idles high around 1000 rpm. Is there a way to manually lower the idle RPM's ? Does the computer normally re-learn and reset the RPM's on its own? john
by Visitor in McMinnville, OR on June 05, 2011


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Eight laps around an all-weather oval is physically taxing for a distance runner even without an additional degree of difficulty.
Greenwood Community High School senior David Dalton knows all about it.
Of the 15 athletes to finish ahead of Dalton in the 3200-meter run at the 2013 IHSAA Boys Track and Field State Finals last June, seven were underclassmen.
This translates into work to do, and Dalton has been doing it.
After placing second at the boys cross-country state meet in Terre Haute on Nov. 2, his talents have been on display this spring in any (or all) of three events — 800-, 1,600- and 3,200-meter runs.
Only once this season has Dalton participated in every one. His efforts were rewarded with a trio of first-place ribbons at last week's Johnson County Meet, which, not surprisingly, earned him the trophy as Performer of the Meet.
When Greenwood's postseason begins at the Columbus North Sectional on May 22, Dalton likely will focus on the 3,200.
"I'm going back and forth, but I think I'm going to just stick with the 3,200. It's more personal preference. I enjoy running it more," Dalton said.
Should Dalton make it back to the state meet, he anticipates a field fast enough to threaten if not eclipse the meet record of 8:51.15 set in 2012 by four-time 3,200 titlist Futsum Zienasellassie of North Central.
"My goal is to go sub-nine (minutes). At state this year there will be a lot of guys who'll want to go sub-nine. I always set my goals higher than I think I can get because you surprise yourself," said Dalton, whose 16th-place effort last season in the state finals came in a time of 9:32.54.
Dalton's durability isn't frequently seen in high school track.
Eighteenth-year Woodmen coach Tad Frahm recalls Luke McCue competing in the 3,200 relay, 800, 1,600 and 3,200 in the late-1990s for Greenwood but draws a blank after that.
"Luke ran on a team which had some real good field-events athletes and some good sprinters but didn't have a lot of distance runners," Frahm explained.
While training certainly factors into Dalton's success, so, too, does confidence.
Frahm can't pinpoint an exact turning point but said he first detected a change in Dalton during a track meet last season in Bloomington.
"Something seemed to click, and that attitude carried over to this cross-country season," Frahm said. "That cemented in David's mind that he's a really top-notch distance runner. Being so close to winning state in cross country, he's now after a championship in the 3,200."
The temptation to compete in the 800 and 1,600 will be there. Dalton is too competitive for it not to be.
Truth be known, he could possibly advance in all three events. It comes down to prioritizing.
"The higher you get in the tournament, the more you want to keep your legs fresh," Frahm said. "In the order of events the 1,600 is before the 3,200. You don't want to have a mile on your legs an hour-and-a-half before running two miles."
A 3.35 grade-point average student, Dalton a year from now will be running for Purdue University, where one of his teammates will be sophomore-to-be distance specialist Patrick Dalton, his cousin.
David Dalton, who plans to major in management, would prefer to hit the West Lafayette campus as a state champion.
"I think I'm a completely different runner now than I was last season. I'm smarter now with racing strategy, my form is better, and last year my training was really inconsistent," Dalton said.
"I would like to get the record and I would like to win it. If the state meet was tomorrow, no. Probably not. But by the time of state (June 7), I think I can."


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Custom: Indigan Diablo
Galleries, Dailies
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Late Night With Seth Meyers
6 Late Night With Seth Meyers Articles
Amy Poehler Shocker: 'I Don't Care About 'Star Wars' & Never F–king Did' — Watch5 months ago 1
Wow, tell us how you really feel, Amy! The 'Sisters' star didn't hold anything back while discussing her feelings about the new 'Star Wars' movie on… Read Article ▶
Image Courtesy of NBC
Jennifer Lawrence Admits She Crushed On Seth Meyers: 'I Was Going To Ask You Out'6 months ago 0
OMG! Jennifer Lawrence revealed to Seth Meyers on Tuesday that she had feelings for the late-night talk show host. Can you believe that the… Read Article ▶
Image Courtesy of NBC
Kim Kardashian Breaks Silence On 'Vogue' Cover: 'I'm So Honored'2 years ago 21
Apparently Kim Kardashian was just as shocked as we were to find out that she and fiance Kanye West would be featured on the April 2014 cover of… Read Article ▶
Courtesy of NBC
Seth Meyers: President Obama & More Tweet Support To 'Late Night' Host2 years ago 0
Seth Meyers stepped into the uber-competitive late night arena last night, garnering attention from celebs in the Twitterverse — even Mr… Read Article ▶
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Seth Meyers did an awesome job hosting his first episode of 'Late Night' on Feb. 24! The 'Saturday Night Live' alum totally made the show his own… Read Article ▶
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Fred Armisen Picked To Lead Seth Meyers' 'Late Night' Band2 years ago 3
The former 'SNL' co-stars will soon be making beautiful music together once again. Seth Meyers may have left Saturday Night Live behind him, in… Read Article ▶
More Late Night With Seth Meyers


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Contact: Marilyn Record
Email: email@example.com
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- Customer service skills are required
Under general supervision and according to established policies and procedures, performs various clerical and filing tasks, develops radiographs, performs receptionist duties and transports patients to and from the Radiology department. Minimum knowledge, skills and abilities required include: 1.Basic clerical skills such as answering phones, filing, faxing and copying at a level normally acquired through a minimum of 1-3 months previous related clerical experience in health care or 1-3 months on-the-job experience. 2.Ability to sort alphabetically and numerically paying close attention to detail. 3.Interpersonal skills to effectively work and interact with patients, physicians, co-workers, other Hospital department personnel and the public. 4.Ability to organize work and time to accommodate workload, meetings and/or emergencies. 5.Ability assist in providing care for patients in the following age groups: Infant - Birth to 1 year:; Child – 2 to 12 years; Adolescent – 13 to 18 years; Adult – 19 to 65 years; Geriatric – over 65 years. 6.Ability to lift and maneuver equipment and supplies; ability to position and transfer patients using assistive devices and proper body mechanics.
Click Here to Apply Online
Current Employees Click Here to Apply Online


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Trustee Institute Presentations
Joshua Wyner - Presidential Hiring
Jee Hang Lee - CC Federal Policy Priorities
Vicki VanDenBerg - Understanding Financial
Ira Shepard - Legal Update
Robert Duston - Legal Update
2015 Conference Presentations
Robin Smith - Building Efficiency
Please check back soon for others.
The Future of Education
Sheryl Connelly is manager of global trends and futuring for Ford Motor Company, tracking shifts and trends in topics as far reaching as the environment, politics and millennials and analyzing those shifts to predict consumer preferences. Her insights inform the company's automotive design, product development and corporate strategy. Sheryl has been featured in Forbes, the Wall Street Journal, Financial Times and on the BBC.
Blair Miller - Leadership in Times of Rapid Change: Fostering Creative Thinking and Innovation. Innovation Presentation
Kay McClenney - 21st Century Commission Panel Discussion. 21st Century Panel
Joseph Pine - The Experience Economy
Mike Hansen - State of the Association
Dan Phelan - Ensuring Relevancy , MCCA Talks
Charles Ballard - Michigan's Economy
Marilyn Schlack & Jeff Patton - Healthy Living Campus
Tim Meyer - Labor Market Data , MCCA Talks
Jim Jacobs - Macomb Co. Defense and Auto Industries
David Baime - Federal Legislative Update
Karen Solinski - Dual Credit Guide, Direct Assessment
Collaborative Program - Consortium Programming
We value your feedback!
Click on the button below to participate in a brief survey.
MCCA annual conference was a tremendous success attracting over 300 Michigan community college presidents and trustees. The theme of this year's conference was Innovating in the New Normal. Conference attendees were able to gain perspective from a variety of presenters. We would like to thank those who attended, those who presented and we would like to also thank our wonderful sponsors.
We would be delighted to gain valuable feedback from those who attended. Please take a few minutes to participate in a brief survey by clicking here: 2013 Summer Conference Survey
Presentations included:
Jeffrey Selingo Presentation
Saul Kaplan Presentation
Terry O'Banion Presentation
Pam Cox Otto Interact Presentation
For the webinar documents by Patty Cantu, Director of Vocational and Technical Education, State Department of Education, please see below:
For the conference call/presentation documents by David Zin, Chief Economist for the Senate Fiscal Agency, please see below:
To listen to the conference call/presentation by Kathryn Summers, Associate Director of the Senate Fiscal Agency, on March 30, 2012 regarding the MPSERS reform bill - Senate Bill 1040 introduced by Senator Kahn - please click here.
2011 Student Success Summit agenda and detailed descriptions of the discussion sessions
Opening Session
Chris Baldwin, Executive Director, Michigan Center for Student Success - Overview of the Michigan Center for Student Success
Discussion Sessions - Theme: Community Engagement/Partnership
Discussion Sessions - Theme: Innovative Institutional Designs
Discussion Sessions - Theme: Promoting Improvement through the Use of Data
Closing Lunch & Keynote Address
Dr. Debra Rowe, President US Partnership for Education for Sustainable Development & Professor Sustainable Energies and Behavioral Sciences, Oakland Community College - Education and Action for a Green and Sustainable Future: People, Planet, Prosperity


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While some of you folks are still smowbound and awaiting spring . . .
We hit 90 degrees today and it's only St. Patty's Day! A bit early, even for us Zonies.
Our irises' are blooming, got a few flower buds on our grapefruit tree and it looks like our lemon tree may have survived our cold blast of 18 degrees from a couple weeks ago as we see some new green sprouting leaves.
Did get out do a shortened tandem toot this morning; only got in 13 miles as stoker Kay did not want to do any climbing into our 20 to 30 mph spring breezes.
Nice to have something like 90 degrees sunshine too complain about.
Pedal on TWOgether!
Rudy and Kay/zonatandem2007 desert cacti.jpg


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What are the best geeky hangouts in your hometown?
Every town has one. It's the place where the nerds and outcasts are welcome. You feel safe there discussing the molecular composition of a pop tart before eating it. It's a spot visited by people want to build worlds, and play in them. Or who want to swap books. Tell us about the best geeky hangouts in your town or…
For most people, summer means action-packed sci-fi/fantasy blockbusters, but for us skin mongers, summer brings a lot of sci-fi/fantasy porn parodies. Since "X-Men: First Class" just hit theaters and "This Ain't Ghostbusters XXX" recently showed up in our mailbox, we… [ Fleshbot]


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"St. Stephan's church" Karlsruhe Things to Do Tip by yumyum
Karlsruhe Things to Do: 263 reviews and 569 photos
The classicistic catholic St. Stephan's church was built between 1808 and 1814 by Friedrich Weinbrenner on the orders of Grossherzog Karl Friedrich von Baden. The building was inspired by the Roman Pantheon but Karl Friedrich also wanted to have a tower.
The church was partly destroyed in WW2 and has been rebuilt in the 1950s. Inside the church you find a painting which belongs to the original high altar from the 19th century.
Address: Erbprinzenstrasse 14
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text:
|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Número de solicitud
|Fecha de publicación
|14 Feb 2012
|Fecha de presentación
|2 Nov 2010
|Fecha de prioridad
|5 Jul 2005
|También publicado como
|Número de publicación
|Kristopher V. Sherrill
|Cesionario original
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (40), Citada por (4), Clasificaciones (11), Eventos legales (2)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/174,711, filed Jul. 5, 2005, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
Not applicable.
During the drilling and completion of oil and gas wells, it may be necessary to engage in ancillary operations, such as monitoring the operability of equipment used during the drilling process or evaluating the production capabilities of formations intersected by the wellbore. For example, after a well or well interval has been drilled, zones of interest are often tested to determine various formation properties such as permeability, fluid type, fluid quality, formation temperature, formation pressure, bubblepoint and formation pressure gradient. These tests are performed in order to determine whether commercial exploitation of the intersected formations is viable and how to optimize production.
Wireline formation testers (WFT) and drill stem testing (DST) have been commonly used to perform these tests. The basic DST test tool consists of a packer or packers, valves or ports that may be opened and closed from the surface, and two or more pressure-recording devices. The tool is lowered on a work string to the zone to be tested. The packer or packers are set, and drilling fluid is evacuated to isolate the zone from the drilling fluid column. The valves or ports are then opened to allow flow from the formation to the tool for testing while the recorders chart static pressures. A sampling chamber traps clean formation fluids at the end of the test. WFTs generally employ the same testing techniques but use a wireline to lower the test tool into the well bore after the drill string has been retrieved from the well bore, although WFT technology is sometimes deployed on a pipe string. The wireline tool typically uses packers also, although the packers are placed closer together, compared to drill pipe conveyed testers, for more efficient formation testing. In some cases, packers are not used. In those instances, the testing tool is brought into contact with the intersected formation and testing is done without zonal isolation.
WFTs may also include a probe assembly for engaging the borehole wall and acquiring formation fluid samples. The probe assembly may include an isolation pad to engage the borehole wall. The isolation pad seals against the formation and around a hollow probe, which places an internal cavity in fluid communication with the formation. This creates a fluid pathway that allows formation fluid to flow between the formation and the formation tester while isolated from the borehole fluid.
In order to acquire a useful sample, the probe must stay isolated from the relative high pressure of the borehole fluid. Therefore, the integrity of the seal that is formed by the isolation pad is critical to the performance of the tool. If the borehole fluid is allowed to leak into the collected formation fluids, a non-representative sample will be obtained and the test will have to be repeated.
With the use of WFTs and DSTs, the drill string with the drill bit must be retracted from the borehole. Then, a separate work string containing the testing equipment, or, with WFTs, the wireline tool string, must be lowered into the well to conduct secondary operations. Interrupting the drilling process to perform formation testing can add significant amounts of time to a drilling program.
DSTs and WFTs may also cause tool sticking or formation damage. There may also be difficulties of running WFTs in highly deviated and extended reach wells. WFTs also do not have flowbores for the flow of drilling mud, nor are they designed to withstand drilling loads such as torque and weight on bit. Further, the formation pressure measurement accuracy of drill stem tests and, especially, of wireline formation tests may be affected by filtrate invasion and mudcake buildup because significant amounts of time may have passed before a DST or WFT engages the formation.
Another testing apparatus is a measurement while drilling (MWD) or logging while drilling (LWD) tester. Typical LWD/MWD formation testing equipment is suitable for integration with a drill string during drilling operations. Various devices or systems are provided for isolating a formation from the remainder of the wellbore, drawing fluid from the formation, and measuring physical properties of the fluid and the formation. With LWD/MWD testers, the testing equipment is subject to harsh conditions in the wellbore during the drilling process that can damage and degrade the formation testing equipment before and during the testing process. These harsh conditions include vibration and torque from the drill bit, exposure to drilling mud, drilled cuttings, and formation fluids, hydraulic forces of the circulating drilling mud, and scraping of the formation testing equipment against the sides of the wellbore. Sensitive electronics and sensors must be robust enough to withstand the pressures and temperatures, and especially the extreme vibration and shock conditions of the drilling environment, yet maintain accuracy, repeatability, and reliability.
Sometimes, smaller diameter formation testing equipment is needed as the tool goes deeper into a borehole. However, decreasing the size of the tool makes it difficult to incorporate the full functionality of features needed in the tool, as discussed above.
For a more detailed description of preferred embodiments of the present invention, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that structural changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Certain terms are used throughout the following description and claims to refer to particular system components. This document does not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function.
In the following discussion and in the claims, the terms "including" and "comprising" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "including, but not limited to . . . ". Also, the terms "couple," "couples", and "coupled" used to describe any electrical connections are each intended to mean and refer to either an indirect or a direct electrical connection. Thus, for example, if a first device "couples" or is "coupled" to a second device, that interconnection may be through an electrical conductor directly interconnecting the two devices, or through an indirect electrical connection via other devices, conductors and connections. Further, reference to "up" or "down" are made for purposes of ease of description with "up" meaning towards the surface of the borehole and "down" meaning towards the bottom or distal end of the borehole. In addition, in the discussion and claims that follow, it may be sometimes stated that certain components or elements are in fluid communication. By this it is meant that the components are constructed and interrelated such that a fluid could be communicated between them, as via a passageway, tube, or conduit. Also, the designation "MWD" or "LWD" are used to mean all generic measurement while drilling or logging while drilling apparatus and systems.
To understand the mechanics of formation testing, it is important to first understand how hydrocarbons are stored in subterranean formations. Hydrocarbons are not typically located in large underground pools, but are instead found within very small holes, or pore spaces, within certain types of rock. Therefore, it is critical to know certain properties of both the formation and the fluid contained therein. At various times during the following discussion, certain formation and formation fluid properties will be referred to in a general sense. Such formation properties include, but are not limited to: pressure, permeability, viscosity, mobility, spherical mobility, porosity, saturation, coupled compressibility porosity, skin damage, and anisotropy. Such formation fluid properties include, but are not limited to: viscosity, compressibility, flowline fluid compressibility, density, resistivity, composition and bubble point.
Permeability is the ability of a rock formation to allow hydrocarbons to move between its pores, and consequently into a wellbore. Fluid viscosity is a measure of the ability of the hydrocarbons to flow, and the permeability divided by the viscosity is termed "mobility." Porosity is the ratio of void space to the bulk volume of rock formation containing that void space. Saturation is the fraction or percentage of the pore volume occupied by a specific fluid (e.g., oil, gas, water, etc.). Skin damage is an indication of how the mud filtrate or mud cake has changed the permeability near the wellbore. Anisotropy is the ratio of the vertical and horizontal permeabilities of the formation.
Resistivity of a fluid is the property of the fluid which resists the flow of electrical current. Bubble point occurs when a fluid's pressure is brought down at such a rapid rate, and to a low enough pressure, that the fluid, or portions thereof, changes phase to a gas. The dissolved gases in the fluid are brought out of the fluid so gas is present in the fluid in an undissolved state. Typically, this kind of phase change in the formation hydrocarbons being tested and measured is undesirable, unless the bubblepoint test is being administered to determine what the bubblepoint pressure is.
In the drawings and description that follows, like parts are marked throughout the specification and drawings with the same reference numerals, respectively. The drawing figures are not necessarily to scale. Certain features of the invention may be shown exaggerated in scale or in somewhat schematic form and some details of conventional elements may not be shown in the interest of clarity and conciseness. The present invention is susceptible to embodiments of different forms. Specific embodiments are described in detail and are shown in the drawings, with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered an exemplification of the principles of the invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to that illustrated and described herein. It is to be fully recognized that the different teachings of the embodiments discussed below may be employed separately or in any suitable combination to produce desired results. The various characteristics mentioned above, as well as other features and characteristics described in more detail below, will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the embodiments, and by referring to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to
It should also be understood that, even though formation tester 10 is shown as part of drill string 5, the embodiments of the invention described below may be conveyed down borehole 8 via any drill string or wireline technology, as is partially described above and is well known to one skilled in the art.
Referring now to
Referring now to
As best shown in
Further details of formation probe assembly 50 are shown in
In one embodiment, piston chamber 94 is integral with drill collar 12 of tool 10 and includes an inner surface 113 having reduced diameter portions 114, 115 to guide piston 96 as it extends and retracts. A seal 116 is disposed in surface 114. In some embodiments, piston chamber 94 can be a separate housing mounted within tool 10, by a threaded engagement, for example.
Piston 96 is slidingly retained within piston chamber 94 and generally includes outer surface 141 having an increased diameter base portion 118. A seal 143 is disposed in increased diameter portion 118. Just below base portion 118, piston 96 rests on stem base portion 105 when probe assembly 50 is in the fully retracted position as shown in
Formation probe assembly 50 is assembled such that piston base 118 is permitted to reciprocate along surface 113 of piston chamber 94, and piston outer surface 141 is permitted to reciprocate along surface 114. Similarly, snorkel base 125 is disposed within piston 96 and is adapted for reciprocal movement along the inner surface of the piston. Central passageway 127 of snorkel 98 is axially aligned with tubular extension 107 of stem 92. Formation probe assembly 50 is reciprocal between a fully retracted position, as shown in
Sensors can also be disposed in formation probe assembly 50. For example, a temperature sensor, known to one skilled in the art, may be disposed on the probe assembly for taking annulus or formation temperature. In the probe assembly retracted position, the sensor would be adjacent the annulus environment, and the annulus temperature could be taken. In the probe assembly extended position, the sensor would be adjacent the formation, allowing for a formation temperature measurement. Such temperature measurements could be used for a variety of reasons, such as production or completion computations, or evaluation calculations such as permeability and resistivity.
At the top of piston 96 is a seal pad 180. Seal pad 180 may be donut-shaped with a curved outer sealing surface and central aperture 186. The base surface of seal pad 180 may be coupled to a skirt 182. Seal pad 180 may be bonded to skirt 182, or otherwise coupled to skirt 182, such as by molding seal pad 180 onto skirt 182 such that the pad material fills grooves or holes in skirt 182. Skirt 182 is detachably coupled to piston 96 by way of threaded engagement, or other means of engagement, such as a pressure fit with the central bore surface 120. Alternatively, pad 180 may be coupled directly to extending portion 119 without using a skirt.
In one embodiment, seal pad 180 includes an elastomeric material, such as rubber or plastic. In other embodiments, seal pad 180 can be metallic or a metal alloy. Using a metallic pad is advantageous since the metallic pad does not break down under downhole conditions as elastomeric pads might. Seal pad 180 seals and prevents drilling fluid or other contaminants from entering the probe assembly 50 during formation testing. More specifically, seal pad 180 seals against the filter cake that may form on a borehole wall. Typically, the pressure of the formation fluid is less than the pressure of the drilling fluids that are injected into the borehole. A layer of residue from the drilling fluid forms a filter cake on the borehole wall and separates the two pressure areas. Pad 180, when extended, contacts the borehole wall and, together with the filter cake, forms a seal through which formation fluids can be collected.
In an alternative embodiment of the seal pad, the pad may have an internal cavity such that it can retain a volume of fluid. A fluid may be pumped into the pad cavity at variable rates such that the pressure in the pad cavity may be increased and decreased. Fluids used to fill the pad may include hydraulic fluid, saline solution or silicone gel. By way of example, the pad may be unfilled or unpressured as the probe extends to engage the borehole wall, then when the probe contacts the wall the pad can be filled. In another example, the probe can be filled before the probe is extended. Depending on the contour of the borehole wall, the pad may be pressured up by filling the pad with fluid, thereby conforming the pad surface to the contour of the borehole wall and providing a better seal.
In yet another embodiment of the seal pad, the pad may be filled, either before or after engagement with the borehole wall, with an electro-visco rheological fluid. After the pad has engaged the borehole wall and conformed to it, an electrical current may be applied to the electro-visco rheological fluid such that the current changes the state of the fluid, for example from liquid to gel or solid, and sets the pad conformation, thereby providing a better seal.
Referring to
Referring to
In some embodiments, the piston 96 and the chamber 94 are keyed to each other so that the piston does not rotate relative to chamber 94 as piston 96 is extended. In this example, the piston 96 defines an elliptical shape with a first diameter D1 greater than a second diameter D2. Surface 114 defines a similar shape. For example, the ratio between D1 and D2 can be about 1.03:1.00. In other options, piston 96 can include one or more straight walls along its periphery 141 and chamber 94 can include a similar shape. Another option is to provide one or more projections along the outer surface of piston 96 and corresponding guiding grooves in the surface of surface 114.
This matching or keyed non-circular shape keeps the piston oriented in the proper position as it is extended so that pad 180, which as noted above includes an outer cylindrical surface, meets the cylindrical wall 16 at the proper orientation to ensure a good seal. This can be an advantage in a small diameter tool, such as a 4ľ″ tool 10, where the wall 16 may be relatively far from the tool and if not oriented correctly piston 96 could rotate and the cylindrical outer surface of pad 180 would hit the wall at an odd orientation.
Referring now also to
Accordingly, as piston 96 is extended, the surface of outer wall 141 of the piston is guided by the inner wall surface 114 of chamber 94 so to keep piston 96 substantially oriented as it is extended towards the formation wall such that piston 96 does not rotate so much that it does not meet the wall at an acceptable angle. Moreover, by keeping the pad 180 properly oriented, the present system allows for use of a metallic pad in place of an elastomeric one since a properly oriented metallic, cylindrically-shaped pad can provide a proper seal.
The operation of formation probe assembly 50 will now be described. Probe assembly 50 is normally in the retracted position (
Upon an appropriate command to formation probe assembly 50, a force is applied to the base portion of piston 96, preferably by using hydraulic fluid. Piston 96 raises relative to the other portions of probe assembly 50 until base portion 118 comes into contact with a shoulder 170 of chamber 94. After such contact, probe assembly 50 will continue to pressurize a reservoir 54 until reservoir 54 reaches a maximum pressure. Alternatively, if pad 180 comes into significant contact with a borehole wall before base portion 118 comes into contact with shoulder 170, probe assembly 50 will continue to apply pressure to pad 180 by pressurizing reservoir 54 up to the previously mentioned maximum pressure. The maximum pressure applied to probe assembly 50, for example, may be 1,200 p.s.i.
The continued force from the hydraulic fluid in reservoir 54 causes snorkel assembly 98 to extend such that the outer end of the snorkel extends beyond seal pad surface 183 through seal pad aperture 186. Snorkel assembly 98 stops extending outward when shoulder 123 comes into contact with a shoulder 172 of piston 96.
Alternatively, if snorkel assembly 98 comes into significant contact with a borehole wall before shoulder 123 comes into contact with shoulder 172 of piston 96, continued force from the hydraulic fluid pressure in reservoir 54 is applied up to the previously mentioned maximum pressure. The maximum pressure applied to snorkel assembly 98, for example, may be 1,200 p.s.i. Preferably, the snorkel and seal pad will contact the borehole wall before either piston 96 or snorkel 98 shoulders at full extension.
If, for example, seal pad 180 had made contact with the borehole wall 16 before being fully extended and pressurized, then seal pad 180 should seal against the mudcake on borehole wall 16 through a combination of pressure and pad extrusion. The seal separates fluid passages 127 and 107 from the mudcake, drilling fluids and other contaminants outside of seal pad 180.
To retract probe assembly 50, forces, or pressure differentials, may be applied to snorkel 98 and piston 96 in opposite directions relative to the extending forces. Simultaneously, the extending forces may be reduced or ceased to aid in probe retraction.
In another embodiment, the probe can be a telescoping probe including a second inner piston to further extend the probe assembly. In other embodiments, formation tester tool 10 can further include fins or hydraulic stabilizers or a heave compensator located proximate formation probe assembly 50 so as to anchor the tool and dampen motion of the tool in the bore hole.
Referring again to
In one embodiment, the tool 10 includes interchangeable draw down assemblies. For example, referring to
Referring to
Each draw down assembly 70, 272, 372 includes the same size and shape outer housing 970. Referring to
As noted, each different drawdown assembly 70, 272, and 372 has a different plunger size/volume while each includes an outer housing 970 configured to mount interchangeably in the mounting section 981. In other words, they each have the same size outer housing 970 with different size inner configurations. In use, one draw down assembly can be mounted in section 981 and used. When the tool is retrieved, the assembly can be removed a different assembly mounted to section 981. Referring now also to
Table 1 shows different values which are the result of using the different drawdown assemblies discussed above.
Draw down
Max Draw down at
1600 psi
Draw down rate at
Draw down rate at
Being able to interchange different draw down assemblies is especially advantageous in a low power MWD application where there is low power available and the draw down rate needs to be variable.
In some embodiments, a position indicator may also be applied to the draw down assemblies discussed above for knowing where in the cylinder the draw down piston is located, and how the piston is moving. Volume and diameter parameters of the cylinder may be used to calculate the distance the piston has moved. With a known radius r of the cylinder and a known volume V of hydraulic fluid pumped into the cylinder from either side of the piston, the distance d the piston has moved may be calculated from the equation V=π(r2)(d). Alternatively, sensors, such as optimal sensors, acoustic sensors, potentiometers, or other resistance-measuring devices can be used. Further, the steadiness of the draw down may be obtained from the position indicator. The rate may be calculated from the distance measured over a given time period, and the steadiness of the rate may be used to correct other measurements.
For example, to gain a better understanding of the formation's permeability or the bubble point of the formation fluids, a reference pressure may be chosen to draw down to, and then the distance the draw down piston moved before that reference pressure was reached may be measured by the draw down piston position indicator. If the bubble point is reached, the distance the piston moved may be recorded and sent to the surface, or to the software in the tool, so that the piston may be commanded to move less and thereby avoid the bubble point.
It will be understood that the draw down assemblies may have plungers that vary in size such that their volumes vary. The assemblies may also be configured to draw down at varying pressures. The embodiment just described includes three draw down assemblies, but the formation tester tool system may include more or less than three.
Use of the draw down assemblies will be discussed with reference to
After the equalizer valve 60 closes, thereby isolating the fluid passageway from the annulus, the fluid passageway from the formation, now closed to the annulus 15, is in fluid communication with cylinder 514A at the upper ends of cylinder 514 in draw down assembly 70.
Pressurized fluid then enters portion 504A of cylinder 504 causing draw down piston 506 to retract. When that occurs, plunger 510 moves within cylinder 514 such that the volume of the fluid passageway increases by the volume of the area of the plunger 510 times the length of its stroke along cylinder 514. The volume of cylinder 514A is increased by this movement, thereby increasing the volume of fluid in the passageway.
A controller may be used to command draw down assembly 70 to draw down fluids at differing rates and volumes. For example, draw down assembly 70 may be commanded to draw down fluids at 1 cc per second for 10 cc and then wait 5 minutes. If the results of this test are unsatisfactory, a downlink signal may be sent using mud pulse telemetry, or another form of downhole communication to command assembly 70 to now draw down fluids at 2 cc per second for 20 cc and then wait 10 minutes, for example. The first test may be interrupted, parameters changed and the test may be restarted with the new parameters that have been sent from the surface to the tool. These parameter changes may be made while probe assembly 50 is extended.
With the draw down assembly 70 in its fully, or partially, retracted positions and anywhere from one to 90 cc of formation fluid drawn into the closed system, the pressure will stabilize enabling pressure transducers to sense and measure formation fluid pressure. The measured pressure is transmitted to the controller in the electronic section where the information is stored in memory and, alternatively or additionally, is communicated to a master controller in the MWD tool 13 (
The uplink and downlink commands used by tool 10 are not limited to mud pulse telemetry. By way of example and not by way of limitation, other telemetry systems may include manual methods, including pump cycles, flow/pressure bands, pipe rotation, or combinations thereof. Other possibilities include electromagnetic (EM), acoustic, and wireline telemetry methods. An advantage to using alternative telemetry methods lies in the fact that mud pulse telemetry (both uplink and downlink) requires pump-on operation but other telemetry systems do not.
The down hole receiver for downlink commands or data from the surface may reside within the formation test tool or within an MWD tool 13 with which it communicates. Likewise, the down hole transmitter for uplink commands or data from down hole may reside within the formation test tool 10 or within an MWD tool 13 with which it communicates. In the preferred embodiment specifically described, the receivers and transmitters are each positioned in MWD tool 13 and the receiver signals are processed, analyzed and sent to a master controller in the MWD tool 13 before being relayed to a local controller in formation testing tool 10.
Referring again to
In other embodiments, the path of flow bore 14 can be substantially curved or partially straight and partially curved. For example, a path portion 13 at the beginning of drill collar 12 and a path portion 15 at the end of drill collar 12 can be substantially straight having angles of at least 2 degrees from a center axis 99 of drill collar 12. Accordingly, flow bore 14 can extend longitudinally throughout the length of the longitudinal drill collar 12 and have a longitudinal path that is any one of curved, curved and straight, or including a first path portion 13 and a second path portion 15 having an angle of at least 2 degrees from a center axis of the drill collar.
In use, drilling fluid flowing down the flow bore 14 curves as it goes around probe 50. As noted, in some embodiments, the curve of flow bore 14 is substantially continuous without any substantial discontinuations such that the flow is not substantially effected by the changes in direction. The flow bore 14 at path portion 13 is directed towards the outer wall and then with a continuous radius or other continuous curvature it comes back up towards the middle to path portion 15.
In some embodiments flow bore 14 has a radius of curvature of about 120 inches at its lowest point 17. In some examples, the path of flow bore 14 can include about three or more curvatures. For example, it can go from an almost straight-line curve at its beginning path portion 13 to the middle curve of about a 120-inch radius to another almost straight-line continuous curve of path portion 15.
In other embodiments, a flow bore 14 can be incorporated in other drill collars holding other downhole tools, such as other MWD tools and LWD tools.
The above discussion is meant to be illustrative of the principles and various embodiments of the present invention. While the preferred embodiment of the invention and its method of use have been shown and described, modifications thereof can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and teachings of the invention. The embodiments described herein are exemplary only, and are not limiting. Many variations and modifications of the invention and apparatus and methods disclosed herein are possible and are within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection is not limited by the description set out above, but is only limited by the claims which follow, that scope including all equivalents of the subject matter of the claims.
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|Clasificación de EE.UU.
|166/264, 175/50, 166/100, 175/58
|Clasificación internacional
|Clasificación cooperativa
|Clasificación europea
|10 Jul 2012
|Certificate of correction
|28 Jul 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


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: Virginia Smith is the author of twenty Christian novels and over fifty articles and short stories. An avid reader with eclectic tastes in fiction, Ginny writes fiction in a variety of styles, from lighthearted relationship stories to breath-snatching suspense. . Her books have been finalists in ACFW's Carol Award, the Daphne du Maurier Award of Excellence in Mystery/Suspense, the Maggie Awards, and her romance novel, A Daughter's Legacy (Love Inspired, June 2010), recently received a 2011 Holt Medallion Award of Merit. She and her husband divide their time between Kentucky and Utah, and escape as often as they can for "research trips" (or so she says) to scuba dive in the warm waters of the Caribbean. Learn more about Ginny and her books at www.VirginiaSmith.org and on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/ginny.p.smith.


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A notice of warning to potential purchasers of property that the title to the property has a lien pending. The purchaser is bound by any decrees of judgments resulting from the litigation. These documents were recorded by the Monroe County Clerk's Office and sent to The Daily Record for publication.


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Monday, August 26, 2013
2 Comments | Copyright: IANS
Jetlags are a thing of past for actress Priyanka Chopra, who recently came back to the country after spending a month in the US.
She was travelling across the US to promote her new single "Exotic", and to create buzz around animation film "Planes", in which she has given voiceover for an Asian character named Ishaani.
Priyanka flew down from Los Angeles to New Delhi Aug 19 morning, and she was fresh and ready for an event related to a social cause.
No jetlag?
"We've got over jetlags, we don't get time for jetlags. Jet lag ke liye bhi time nahin hai (Imagine there's no time even for jetlag," Priyanka told IANS.
The 31-year-old sipped hot coffee to stay awake and alert.
"This is my third since the morning! But what to do," she added.
Even before she could get a breather, Priyanka is now caught up with the promotions of her forthcoming movie "Zanjeer", releasing Sep 6. The film is a remake of the 1973 Amitabh Bachchan-starrer of the same name.
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Another hearing is scheduled in November in the effort to determine whether a 9-year-old boy can stand trial in the alleged gang-rape of an 8-year-old Liberian girl in Phoenix, Arizona.
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How does Konqueror stack up against Firefox as a Web browser? The KDE Project has been building its own browser as part of its desktop stack for years. Recently I started running KDE 4.2.2 to see how KDE 4 was coming along, and decided to use Konqueror in place of my default browser — Firefox. Let's see how Konqueror stacks up.
Browsing the Web with Konqueror
The first test for Konqueror was to just run through browsing the sites I use on a daily basis — everything from basic news sites like CNN to Google Reader, GMail, Twitter, Gist, and of course I Can Has Cheezburger? for good measure. What I wanted to do is to see how well Konqueror handles a variety of sites using three main criteria: rendering speed, layout, and support for advanced features. In other words — does Konqueror measure up speedwise? Can it render pages as they're expected to appear in Firefox and IE? And does Konqueror support keybindings in GMail, and other advanced features in Web applications I use day to day?
Static sites like CNN ran OK, though it seemed that rendering speed was just a bit laggy compared to Firefox. When I loaded GMail, it would initially default to the HTML view of GMail. Konqueror can handle the standard GMail pages, but it's much slower than Firefox. To be fair, the blame may fall on Google's developers just as much as Konqueror's, because there's obviously little or no testing done to ensure that GMail supports Konqueror. However, as an end user, I don't really care a great deal where the fault lies — just whether or not it works. And though it technically does work, it's distressingly slow.
Most sites look pretty much the same in Konqueror as they do in Firefox, but there are occasional glitches or oddness. Konqueror shows KDE widgets for things like scrollbars, and CSS menus may not look quite right in Konqueror either. The WordPress dashboard doesn't look right at all. Widgets that should only take up one-quarter of the page wind up taking up nearly the entire page, obscuring widgets to the right.
If you're used to Firefox, running Konqueror takes a bit of getting used to, because its keyboard shortcuts differ in many cases from the Firefox defaults. For example, instead of Ctrl-t to open a new tab, you'll use Ctrl-Shift-n to get a new tab in Konq. This is annoying when you've gotten the Firefox shortcuts burned into your muscle memory. On the other hand, if you're a die-hard KDE user, you'll appreciate that the shortcuts are standard across KDE applications.
If you're more of the point-and-click type, though, you'll probably not notice much of a difference. Opening a new tab, for instance, by double-clicking on the tab bar works just the same in Konqueror as it does in Firefox.
Overall, Konqueror isn't a drop-in replacement for Firefox, at least if you happen to use many sites that have complex layouts and a fair amount of CSS.
The days of the Web browser being nothing more than an application to display Web pages are long over. Konqueror has a pretty good set of default features, but what about extending its functionality?
The good news is that Konqueror supports extensions, and quite a few are bundled in — including an ad-blocker, inline translation using Babel Fish, and validation tools for ensuring that your Web site is W3C compliant.
But that's really about it. Konqueror doesn't have a particularly active community developing extensions, or anything like the Mozilla infrastructure for getting add-ons and extensions. Theoretically, Konqueror could go toe-to-toe with Firefox as it should be possible to write a lot of useful extensions for Konqueror, especially since Konqueror has a number of embedded features it inherits from KDE that Firefox doesn't enjoy.
The unfortunate reality, though, is that there's just not enough momentum behind Konqueror for there to be many people writing extensions for it.
Beyond the Browser
One thing that Konqueror has going for it is flexibility above and beyond Web browsing, and integration with KDE. While Firefox is a great browser, it doesn't do file management or have its own terminal emulator built in.
Konqueror started life as an answer to Explorer, which also serves as a shell for Microsoft Windows and file manager. Likewise, Konqueror was the default file manager for KDE and did double duty as a browser and file manager. These days, Dolphin is the default file manager on KDE, though it's not as full featured as Konqueror. (You can switch to use Konq as the default file manager, however.)
Using the KIO (KDE Input/Output) slaves, Konqueror supports a number of protocols that you can't use with Firefox. Want to work with files over SSH? Just type fish://remotehost in the location bar. Typing fonts:/ will show you your system and personal fonts (if any). sysinfo:/ displays system settings. You can also view Zip files and tarballs in Konqueror.
And one really cool trick up Konqueror's sleeve is the audiocd:/ KIO Slave. Slip an audio CD into the drive, type audiocd:/ in the location bar, and you'll see virtual folders with all of the CD's tracks as FLAC, MP3, Ogg Vorbis, and WAV files.
Note that you can also divide Konqueror's window into several slices by "splitting" the window horizontally and vertically, and even open a terminal emulator within the Konqueror window — which can be useful when you don't need a full terminal instance to run a few quick commands.
Konqueror also embeds other KDE "parts" so you can view PDFs, images, edit text and other files using the advanced editor part, and so forth.
Konqueror Conquered?
Konqueror is an interesting browser, and its integration with KDE make it interesting for users who have chosen that desktop — but it's a small slice of the overall market. Even with the KDE Project's alleged support of Mac OS X and Windows (try actually finding packages for those platforms from the KDE Web site), Konqueror is pretty much limited to Linux and other *nix platforms.
Die-hard KDE fans might be able to do all their Web work in Konqueror, but if you're hoping to get the full enjoyment out of the Web, you're not going to get it from Konqueror.
But that doesn't mean Konqueror doesn't have its place. Linux users should take some time to explore Konq and see where it can fit into their routine. While it may not replace Firefox, it definitely has a place in any power user's toolbox.
Konqueror is cool because you can both browse the web, open samba shares, ftp/http/webdav/ldap(s). opening and saving docs as if they were on your pc.
and it's transparent for you. sure in the latest release it surfs slower :( but still avoids me to open tonns of windows using the same one for file browsing/preview and web.
Peace, R.
i recently tried to post a reply on a yahoo message board and failed. its good, but don't remove firefox.
It's true that Konqueror isn't so full-featured as firefox, and that some websites (really few) don't work correctly with it.
But you forgot to say that Konqueror is *a lot* lighter than firefox!
It needs really few resources, giving you many "plus": for example, you can drag-and-drop a lot of things from and to konqueror and using the kwallet integration you get web form autocompletition and secure password management.
In my experience, this makes Konqueror interface faster and more confortable than Firefox one.
And it's not true that you can't use Ctrl-T to open a new tab. Did you try? The main shortcut is Ctrl-Shift-N, but the secondary one is by default Ctrl-T. But if you don't like it, just change it, like *any* shortcut in KDE. It's really easy.
Obviously, its integration in KDE makes it reall useful and confortable for a lot of things. Just to say one thing, it uses as default download manager kget, that lets you download torrent files and metalink resources out of the box, without the need of any addon.
Also the search tool is more useful, since give you more options than firefox one (they are almost the same options of the search tool in the kate text editor).
And there is really a lot of work on it (as on all KDE). They are working on an auto-sensing spell check, that will change automaticcaly the language of the spell checker when you start writing on a french forum or on an english blog. There is also some work on the integration with nepomuk, that lets you add comment and tags to web pages, and lets you retrieve pages from a search, just like recent or tagged files. And they are speaking about a way to use firefox add-ons in konqueror.
I suggest you to come back to konqueror in a few month, say, in the autumn, there will be a lot of new interesting features…
Nice review, Joe, though as a developer an ace writer I wish you had dug into the issue of correct page rendering and performance more. We keep getting told "code your pages to standards and then you don't have to worry about specific browser support." So what's the problem– does Konqueror not support standards, or do web devs code for specific browsers, probably IE and Firefox, and still ignore standards?
I'm not as happy with Firefox extensions as you are. Mozilla exerts zero effort to inform users if extensions are safe, and won't even make them disclose their licenses. So users have no easy way to sort out proprietary extensions and FOSS extensions. Pretty lame for a supposed OSS project. It's also a bit scary that Firefox updates are managed independently of distro package managers– this means there are no checks or balances against malicious code being inserted via a third-party extension.
I use konqueror as exclusively as possible. I agree with the op on almost every point. I am not alone with the experience of needing to refresh the same youtube page five times before the video displays properly. It's such a light browser in terms of resources that I sigh whenever I NEED to open firefox. FF is great and all, but gone are the days that it is fast and light (I miss it's v1.0 days). Is it frustrating that gmail doesn't load quickly? Sure, but I get my gmail via imap in kontact so it's not that much of an issue. I wish I knew how to code well enough to assist in the plugin aspect of the browser. If it could get some love it would reinforce users like myself who would like to stick with a light/fast browser.
I can understand why Konqueror-as-web-browser is compared to Firefox or IE, but that's only part of the story. Firefox, IE, and Windows Explorer do not even compete as generic file viewers, which is what Konqueror really is. Whether you are surfing the web, your local filesystem, USB storage, or a variety of network shares, Konqueror is by far the best and most established tool to quickly take a look at file content. It has been my default file navigator for years, though I only occasionally use it as a web browser.
The point is that Konqueror in particular and GNU/Linux in general allow greater versatility and a wider range of behaviors than popular stereotypes of computer users would suggest. Locking yourself into one or a few well-known paradigms is stifling. Tools like Konqueror free your mind.
konqueror has very poor support for Chinese language.
And the poor support has lingered for many years.
For my day to day browsing i use firefox, but for a few special java applets I prefer konq. It performs way better when having multiple instances open, and it consumes less resources while doing that.
I use Konqueror for all my heavy lifting every day at work and at home, but I NEVER use it as a web browser. I think it's unfair to expect this excellent file manager, graphical sftp client, etc. with wonderful KDE integration to be anywhere as good a web page browser as Firefox or any of the top browsers out there.
With Konqueror I can work with files located on computers all over the map as though they are on my local machine reliably, quickly, seamlessly and encrypted. If I click on a pdf file it opens right in the same window in 2 seconds with KPDF integration, for example. You could take the web browser functions out of Konqueror and it would still be my most used utility/program.
If Konqueror has a w3c validator why didn't you use it to compare the pages between Konqueror and Firefox? I suspect that the pages that loaded much faster in FF where written to load faster in FF and they were not w3c compliant. But more to home I was attempting to set up a POS AP from EnGenius. The web interface would not render properly in firefox. It didn't render properly to the point that I could not setup the device. Because I don't do windows I have no copy of IE. But Konqueror worked just fine.
Also I have never seen Konqueror crash. Firefox crashes all the time. But they do give you a nice interface to go back to the page you crashed on. This means they know it crashes but can't figure out why.
But they most damning thing about Firefox is how it handles bookmarks. Firefox uses a format for the book marks that does not allow one to easily convert them to a different browser (This is truly scummy). Konqueror uses basic HTML to store book marks. Firefox is using proprietary techniques to force people from leaving their browser. This single fact has me not using Firefox ever again. I won't allow a software program have that much power in my life. Wasn't the FOSS about freedom as in speech but I can't get my bookmarks out of firefox??? Time to dump them.
Konqueror is one of the main reasons why I use KDE rather then GNOME. Perhaps one day Nautilus will be as versatile as Konqueror – but until then…
One little nit:
You said, "…KDE Project's alleged support of Mac OS X and Windows (try actually finding packages for those platforms from the KDE Web site)…"
I had not known about this effort and admittedly didn't go through the KDE website as you said, but a simple Google search for, "kde windows," turned up http://windows.kde.org/ pretty quickly (first hit).
From there it's just one click to download the installer.
Sorry I can't comment on it further as I have no Windows.
In the old days that Nautilus can also use gecko and act as a web browser. I don't know why they whacked it, probably because the thing is soooo damn slow…
I find that how well Konqueror renders certain pages depends on which browser identification string I use for certain sites. Reading Yahoo Mail works fine as long as I select an ident string that Yahoo recognizes.
General performance of Konqueror is acceptable as a Web browser, but tight integration with KDE and the use of the KDE Parts is what really makes it nice. I see no compelling reason to use Dolphin instead of Konqueror as a file and resource management application, but I can understand why people would use alternative Web browsers.
I've seen discussions (and arguments) about whether KHTML support should be continued or if KDE should adopt the full time use of Gecko, Webkit, or some other rendering technologies that are under more rapid development. From my perspective, I do see some of the other technologies seemingly advance at a more rapid pace, but I also see plenty of allegiance to the hard work that has gone into the existing KDE effort. As long as that interest continues, why not have an alternative? I still use Konqueror as a browser on occasion, though I most definitely use it as a file manager – and in that role, I find it to arguably be the most complete one around, though not the "lightest and fastest". Overall, Konqueror is a great resource to have on the system. I'd rate it mediocre as a browser, but excellent in nearly every other way.
I agree, Konqueror is by far the best file manager I have ever seen. I really love it's ability to allow me to split screen and drag and drop files to and from folders. I can even drag and drop files to and from web sites like they were just another folder on my PC.
I rarely use Konqueror as a web browser and would only be tempted to do so on a system that was thin on resources.
After experimenting with lots of webbrowsers which I want to display
_fully_ _vocalized_ Arabic, my conclusion is that the Times New Roman
font together with Konqueror is until now the best way to go. As I
have heared some news that Konqueror will be put on a "side track"
in favour of Dolphin, I only can hope the developers will keep the
excellent support for displaying Arabic language.
I have put a html-test-file on my website which can be used by the
developers to test whether their browsers perform correctly and also
some screenshots which show the typical problems with a lot of browsers when
displaying vocalized Arabic:
1. http://users.skynet.be/hugocoolens/download/arabic_test.html (test-
2. http://users.skynet.be/hugocoolens/download/split_problem.png (this
shows the "split-problem" which occurs with many browsers when using
fully vocalised Arabic i.e. the occurence of unwanted gaps between the
3. http://users.skynet.be/hugocoolens/download/test_iceweasel220.127.116.11.png
(this shows "vocalization-mash" i.e. vocalization signs being written
_on_ the characters in stead of below or above, this was done with
iceweasel 184.108.40.206) (It's a shame that the iceweasel/firefox
developers don't use the experience which the Konqueror developers
(correctly placed vocalization signs and no split-problem, this was
achieved with Konqueror 3.3.5)
As I don't have yet the latest Konqueror version at my disposal I hope
the developers will keep maintaining their excellent support for
displaying Arabic. Maybe you think why is all this so important, but just imagine how you would appreciate your roman text characters being displayed distorted every time you are browsing the Internet.
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This is an Arizona Cardinals note, but San Francisco 49ers fans will be more apt to enjoy it.
The 49ers, while holding Arizona to 7 yards rushing Monday night, hit Cardinals running back LaRod Stephens-Howling in the backfield on four of eight attempts. Stephens-Howling had 8 carries for 6 yards. But he gained 7 yards after contact.
As ESPN Stats & Information notes: "His average point of first contact was behind the line of scrimmage. Six times this season a running back has had at least eight rushes and an average point of first contact behind the line of scrimmage, and Stephens-Howling is the only one who has done it twice. Entering Sunday, Stephens-Howling had been hit in the backfield on 30.2 percent of his rushes, most among any player with at least 40 rushes."
The problem for Arizona?
"Granted, they're a very good run front, but it wasn't that we got beat as much as it was we didn't make the blocks because we didn't take the right technique step or we didn't get it done," coach Ken Whisenhunt said Tuesday.


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