text:
New York, NY (AP) - A coordinated move by the world's central banks to ease borrowing costs sent stocks shooting higher. The Dow Jones
industrial average jumped 490 points, its biggest gain since March
The central banks of Europe, the U.S. and other major economic
powers agreed to give banks cheaper access to loans in U.S. dollars. The move aims to avert a credit crisis similar to the one
that followed the 2008 collapse of Lehman Brothers.
The Dow rose 4.2 percent to close at 12,045.
The Standard & Poor's 500 closed up 52, or 4.3 percent, at
1,247. The Nasdaq composite index closed up 105, or 4.2 percent, at
Seven stocks rose on the NYSE for every one that fell. Volume was heavy at 5.7 billion shares.
(Copyright 2011 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)


text:
I started playing Zynga's new Ruby Blast couple of days ago. It worked fine for 3 to 4 days but since than whenever am trying to launch the game it just wont load. It is Firefox 4.0 running with Windows 7. I though it might be browser problems hence tried to play the game on Opera but still the same reason.
First it takes upto 8 minutes to load up till 35% and gets stuck right there. It wont go ahead. Is it just me with this problem or anyone else have experienced it ? Please let me know what is the reason and how to fix it ? Thanks in advance.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Waste to Fuels Publications
66 Publications
Anaerobic Digester System Enterprise Budget Calculator
Astill, G., R. Shumway, and C. Frear. 2016. This tool calculates the economic value of investment under a variety of technology and price scenarios for an AD system. The budget calculator includes options for anaerobic digestion, codigestion, compressed natural gas, combined heat and power, environmental credits, fiber solids separation, phosphorous solids separation, struvite precipitation, ammonium sulfate recovery, and water ultra-filtration/reverse osmosis.
Profits from Pollutants: Economic Feasibility of Integrated Anaerobic Digester Systems
Astill, G.M. and C.R. Shumway. Washington State University, School of Economic Sciences Working Paper 2016-5, March 2016.
The Market Impact of Widespread Adoption of Anaerobic Digestion with Nutrient Recovery Technology in US Dairy Industry
Astill, G.M. and C.R. Shumway. Washington State University, School of Economic Sciences Working Paper 2016-2, March 2016.
A Real Options Analysis with Learning Spillovers: Investment in Anaerobic Digester Technology
Astill, G.M. and C.R. Shumway. Washington State University, School of Economic Sciences Working Paper 2016-1, February 2016.
Biogas Upgrading on Dairy Digesters
N. Kennedy, G. Yorgey, C. Frear, D. Evans, J. Jensen, C. Kruger. 2015. WSU Fact Sheet FS180E. This fact sheet is to provide farmers, third party project developers, regulatory agencies, and other stakeholders with a basic understanding of the chemical composition of renewable natural gas, the most appropriate end-use options for dairy digesters, and some of the more common techniques used to clean biogas to RNG quality at dairy digesters. In describing specific technologies, the authors aim to provide information based on the current literature, but not to favor one technology over another. For additional detail or information about other technologies, more comprehensive reports and reviews are available (Krich et al. 2005; Ryckebosch et al. 2011; Jensen 2011).
On-Farm Co-Digestion of Dairy Manure with High-Energy Organics
N. Kennedy, G. Yorgey, C. Frear, C. Kruger 2015. WSU Fact Sheet FS172E. Anaerobic Digestion Systems Series provides research-based information to improve decision-making for incorporating, augmenting, and maintaining anaerobic digestion systems for manures and food by-products. This publication focuses on pre-consumer food wastes that can sustainably be used as substrates for co-digestion with dairy manure and increase the value of co-products. Topics covered include complementary and problematic substrates, the substrate procurement process, regulations, and solutions for co-digestion processing issues.
Anaerobic digestion effluents and processes: the basics
S. M. Mitchell, N. Kennedy, J. Ma, G. Yorgey, C. Kruger, J. L. Ullman, C. Frear. Sept 2015. WSU Fact Sheet FS171E. Anaerobic digesters are used worldwide to produce bioenergy and sustainably treat organic waste from municipal, industrial, and agricultural operations. This fact sheet reviews the basic elements of anaerobic digestion and the process used by digesters, including the types of digesters, biochemistry of influents and effluents, laboratory evaluations and optimizing anaerobic digesting through modeling.
Bio-Oil: An Introduction to Fast Pyrolysis and its Applications
Murray, T., F. Resende, and G. Luo. 2014. WSU Fact Sheet FS140E. The United States has targeted biofuels generated from domestic biomass supplies as a significant contributor for future liquid fuel supplies. Reliance on domestic fuel production opens the door for a wide range of opportunities for natural resource managers, farmers, and other landowners who will be instrumental in developing the industry, its technologies, and its utilization of agricultural crop residues and forestry biomass. This publication discusses bio-oil produced via fast pyrolysis, its applications, and associated biomass feedstocks.
On-Farm Evaluation and Demonstration of Small-Scale Biogas Technology
Kruger, C. 2009. Final Report to USDA SARE. This project supported the development, fabrication and demonstration of a biogas technology application for small farms.
Whatcom County Small-Scale Biogas Technology Poster
Anaerobic Digester Project and System Modifications: An Economic Analysis
Galinato, S., C. Kruger, and C. Frear. 2015. WSU Extension Publication EM090E. This publication introduces readers to key concerns regarding the profitability of anaerobic digestion systems and includes a discussion of general project costs and potential revenue sources. This publication also examines the potential profitability of three alternative anaerobic digester systems: (a) combined heat and power, which is the baseline system; (b) boiler as a substitute for combined heat and power; and (c) renewable natural gas infrastructure.
The Rationale for Recovery of Phosphorus and Nitrogen from Dairy Manure
Yorgey, G., C. Frear, C. Kruger, T. Zimmerman. 2014. WSU Extension Fact Sheet FS136E.
Site-Specific Trade-offs of Harvesting Cereal Residues as Biofuel Feedstocks in Dryland Annual Cropping Systems of the Pacific Northwest, USA
Huggins, D.R., C.E. Kruger, K.M. Painter, D.P. Uberuaga. BioEnergy Research. June 2014, Volume 7, Issue 2, pp 598-608.
Dairy Waste Biorefinery
Kennedy, N., C. Frear, M. Garcia-Perez, C. Kruger, and S. Chen. 2013. Concept illustration and description.
Economics of Dairy Digesters in Washington State
Kennedy, N. 2013. BioCycle Magazine. Feasibility study supports a shift from the conventional CHP model to a renewable natural gas (RNG) model that takes advantage of the accelerating move to natural gas fuels in the transportation sector.
Organic Waste Biorefinery
Kennedy, N., C. Frear, M. Garcia-Perez, C. Kruger, and S. Chen. 2013. Concept illustration and description.
Review of emerging nutrient recovery technologies for farm-based anaerobic digesters and other renewable energy systems
Prepared for Innovation Center for US Dairy by Jingwei Ma, Nick Kennedy, Georgine Yorgey and Craig Frear. Nov 2013. Washington State University.
The effects of the antibiotics ampicillin, florfenicol, sulfamethazine, and tylosin on biogas production and their degradation efficiency during anaerobic digestion
Mitchell, S., J. Ullman, A. Teel, R. Watts, C. Frear. Bioresource Technology Volume 149, December 2013, Pages 244–252.
Anaerobic Digestion
CSANR webpage. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a process in which organic matter is converted into methane by bacteria in the absence of oxygen. Under typical dairy farm conditions manure is stored in open ponds and applied to fields, where decomposition often occurs under anaerobic conditions. This leads to the natural, open-air production of methane, a greenhouse gas with more than 20 times the warming value of carbon dioxide. By enclosing, controlling and accelerating this natural anaerobic conversion process, not only can the methane be contained, but it can be converted to renewable energy, providing two mechanisms for carbon sequestration and global warming reduction – methane capture/conversion and fossil-fuel energy offset.
Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Technology Certificate Program
Website highlighting a WSU – Bellingham Technical College partnership to offer training for anaerobic digestion technicians. Full curriculum, videos and more available online.
Efficient Use of Algal Biomass Residues for Biopower Production with Nutrient Recycle: Final Project Report
Jarvis, E. R. Davis, C. Frear. Aug 2013.
Anaerobic Digestion Systems: Integrating emerging technologies to improve environmental and economic impact
C. Frear, C.Kruger, H. Collins, M. Garcia-Perez, C. Stockle, R. Shumway, G. Astill, T. Ewing, N. Kennedy, T. Khalil, and G. Yorgey. July 2013. Academic Poster.
2011-2013 Anaerobic Digestion Related R&D Research Summary for WSU ARC/WSDA Appendix-A Funds
Frear, C, M. Garcia-Perez, C. Kruger, S. Chen. 2013.
Methanosarcina domination in anaerobic sequencing batch reactor at short hydraulic retention time
J. Ma, B. Zhao, C. Frear, Q. Zhao, L. Yu, X. Li, S. Chen. June 2013.Bioresource Technology Volume 137, June 2013, Pages 41–50.
Anaerobic Digestion: Beyond Waste Management
May 2013. CSANR produced a 7.5 minute video showing how state-of-the-art anaerobic digestion systems can offer multiple benefits to society.


text:
Images: Beating Stress the Artistic Way [Image 2 of 3]
Photo by Spc. Megan Leuck
This photo of a Cuban Pygmy Owl was taken by Navy Petty Officer 1st Class Marty Parsons in May 2008 across from the Naval Station's Tierra Kay housing complex. It took two weeks for Parsons, assigned to Joint Task Force Guantanamo, to capture this photo and this type of owl is unique in that it is only as tall as someone's hand. JTF Guantanamo conducts safe and humane care and custody of detained enemy combatants. The JTF conducts interrogation operations to collect strategic intelligence in support of the Global War on Terror and supports law enforcement and war crimes investigations. JTF Guantanamo is committed to the safety and security of American service members and civilians working inside its detention facilities.
This work, Beating Stress the Artistic Way [Image 1 of 3], by SSG Megan Leuck, identified by DVIDS, is free of known copyright restrictions under U.S. copyright law.
Date Taken:08.22.2008
Date Posted:08.28.2008 10:58
Photo ID:111533
Size:2.31 MB


text:
Toggle navigation
rooms & suites
spa & wellness
restaurant & bar
book now
Toggle navigation
1 Night
2 Nights
3 Nights
4 Nights
5 Nights
6 Nights
7 Nights
8 Nights
9 Nights
10 Nights
11 Nights
12 Nights
13 Nights
14 Nights
15 Nights
16 Nights
17 Nights
18 Nights
19 Nights
20 Nights
21 Nights
22 Nights
23 Nights
24 Nights
25 Nights
26 Nights
27 Nights
28 Nights
29 Nights
30 Nights
1 Room
2 Rooms
3 Rooms
4 Rooms
5 Rooms
6 Rooms
7 Rooms
8 Rooms
9 Rooms
10 Rooms
1 Adult
2 Adults
3 Adults
4 Adults
5 Adults
6 Adults
7 Adults
8 Adults
9 Adults
10 Adults
0 Children
1 Child
2 Children
3 Children
4 Children
5 Children
honeymoon florence
palazzo vecchio
pitti fair florence
weekend florence
Boutique Hotel Florence
Top Hotels Florence
Florence Hotel
Tuscany Spa
Piazza della Repubblica
Weekend in Florence
Hotel Florence Duomo
Wellness Hotel Florence
Tuscany hotel with SPA
Palazzo Vecchio Hotel
Last Minute Hotel Florence
Family Hotel in Florence
Fortezza da Basso Florence
Hotel in Florence Centre
Honeymoon trip in Florence
Choose Florence for your honeymoon trip in Italy
The Golden Tower Hotel & Spa always has amazing offers with the aim to embrace all your needs; for this reason we have created the Honeymoon trip package.
Celebrate your special honeymoon in one of the most romantic city of the world to feel and live your eternal love dream.
The Golden Tower Hotel is the perfect location if you desire to enjoy your honeymoon trip in Florence thanks to its luxury services like the amazing wellness center and its central position. Do not miss this amazing offer to live your special day to be remembered for ever and choose your favorite room among: Deluxe, Tower Deluxe and Junior Suite.
Love for History, Story of a love
Honeymoon marks the importance of a love relationship so it is important to work out in advance a special plan like your destination to celebrate this moment with dedication to make your honeymoon trip unforgettable.
Florence is one of the most suggestive cities of the world, a very popular destination for honeymooners, it is rich in history and it has an outstanding cultural background such as: Umanism and Renaissance. Florence hides in every corner something special to remember and appreciate.
The Golden Tower Hotel is an amazing historical building settled in the heart of Florence close to the most impressive highlights and museums, a perfect stay for whom ever wishes to appreciate our SPA and live every single magic moment.
Luxury Hotel, over the top for your Honeymoon Trip
Sometimes it is important to put value first instead of cost. Honeymoon trip is for sure one of these situations. An Honeymoon trip is a unique experience, a symbol of eternal love, an extraordinary journey to be put in a family portrait and to be shown to sons and grand-children.
In your opinion which city can be more perfect than Florence?
Once you have confirmed the city, the Golden Tower Hotel is for sure the perfect location to celebrate your honeymoon trip because it is a luxury Hotel in the city center with a SPA inside. The special offer for Honeymooners proposes you a valid solution to personalize your stay thanks to the romantic dinner and the couple massage.
Check out our rooms and our SPA center to understand that your dream can start before arrival because the Golden Tower Hotel is a luxury hotel in the city center.
company info
gds codes
Golden Tower Hotel & SPA - Piazza Strozzi 11/r, 50123 Firenze (FI)
Tel. +39 055.287860
Fax. +39 055.2658044
C.F. e P.I.: 03780140400 -
Pitti Fair Florence Hotel
hotel florence duomo
visit florence
Booking Engine


text:
|Berkeley Parents Network
|Post a Msg
|What's New
Career as a Fitness Instructor
|Related Pages
I've decided to leave my well paid but highly unfulfilling career in finance to become either a kindergarten teacher or pilates instructor. The problem is, I don't know which I'm more passionate about. I love them both for different reasons, and can see myself doing either career. With teaching, my main concern is will I have the energy and patience to be surrounded by kids all day, then come home to my own two kids, who are both under 5? With pilates, my main concern is stability - will I be able to get a job? I'd love hearing from others who have made a career change and how they decided which direction to go, or from teachers and pilates instructors with advice about those careers. Torn between two passions
You may find the book ''Creating A Life Worth Living'' quite helpful. It takes you through exercises that help you get clear on what it is you are looking for in a work environment and what needs you need met.
As a self-employed person (Massage Therapist), I see the benefit of being a Pilates Instructor as being quicker to train for (and therefore to start working and making income at) and potential for flexible hours. However, Pilates studios have some very expensive equipment that instructors use with clients. If you want to commit to setting up your own studio you will have up-front costs, plus you will spend a lot of unpaid time marketing yourself and administering your business. If you choose to work for someone else, you will make less money per client and/or may only make money when you have students in your class. You may have to be a substitute teacher for a while before you have a large enough following to be part of a regular schedule. You may not be able to take your clients with you if you decide to move from one studio to another or build your own business. Usually clientele is built up over time, so you will likely need to continue working your current job until you are able to transition fully whether you decide to go it on your own or work for another business. Either way, you will likely have to take care of all your own taxes and insurance (professional liability insurance as an instructor, and your own family health insurance if your partner's does not cover you or your children), plus things like licensing and continued education. Also, be aware that working full time as a Pilates Instructor will be the equivelent of working part time in any office-type job, as you will have a high chance of physical burnout or injury if you work more teaching for more than about 20 hours/week.
I am not as familiar with what it takes to become a Kindergarden teacher, but in that field, as long as you are an employee rather than a substitute teacher, you should have regular, predictable hours, predictable income, your employer will take care of your taxes and you will have benefits. If you don't already have experience working with large groups of children, I would highly recommend finding ways to get some experience before committing to training. Good luck finding a good fit!
As an independant contractor working in a studio you might be able to eventually charge $60.00 per session (give or take) and you might get 60 or 70% of that. I don't mean to sound discouraging...I absolutely LOVE teaching Pilates but be realistic. It takes a long time to build up your clientelle, and Pilates is not cheap so it's exclusive to certain people.
I now own my own Pilates studio so my overhead is way higher then when I had a small massage therapy practice. I have some trainers working for me and I work hard, myself. I'm definately not rolling in dough but I'm paying my bills. I can never stop marketing....TONZ of non paid marketing time.
If you have a good paying job now, I'd say keep it and learn Pilates on weekends, evenings, etc. YOu'll work and build up clientelle over time and then can decide if you can afford to quit your job and make it as a Pilates trainer. It's a great field. Good luck. anon Pilates trainer
The information previously given by the Pilates studio owner was realistic and sound advice. I also think that your practice differs according to your own skill set and background in business. I started a pilates practice after a decade working as a teacher and managing an educational business. Luckily, my experience in teaching students one-on-one, and running a business (marketing, billing, setting payment policies, customer service, etc) made the transition smooth and fairly quick. I worked at a studio while I completed my student hours, and about 6 months later, created a marketing campaign in my neighborhood to reach new students for my home-based studio. In a few months time, my practice took off. I continued to teach classes at a studio to learn from my peers and stay involved in the community, but I made my living by teaching privates at home. I have many friends who are excellent pilates instructors, but do not have experience in marketing and self-promotion, therefore their practices depend strictly on working for a studio who does that work for them. They are happy with this arrangement as they do not enjoy the logistics of running their own business, but their pay is reduced significantly. Not to a terrible rate by any means, but they definitely have to work more to pay their bills, etc.
So, I would recommend that you evaluate your skill set and determine what sounds appealing about teaching pilates. If you love the practice and teaching, but not marketing and book keeping, maybe set your sights on working for a studio. I think that most instructors make between $20-$30 an hour working for a studio. However, if you love the entire package and have a lot of energy to devote to your new business, then know that the possibility of earning an even higher FT salary is possible. The latter requires constant attention and management, but for me, it's worth it.
Regarding teaching kindergarten versus pilates (if that was your original post). The summer and holiday breaks that you get teaching kindergarten are not paid for in pilates. You only make an income while you are teaching (unless you own a studio with other employees). That being said, if you run your business well, you can take breaks as needed, without losing clientele. Maybe not an entire summer though!
Good luck! pilates teacher
Editor note: See Teaching Career for additional responses.
I'm planning to switch careers and become a Pilates instructor, which I'm really passionate about. Are there any Pilates instructors out there who can give some advice about which studio to do my training at, and how easy it is to find work once certified? Every studio seems to have a slightly different philosophy and it's difficult to know which is best. Do studio owners really care where you get your training, or are personality and ability more important? Is there anything else I should know about the field before embarking on this career path? A new Mommy who is reconnecting with her dreams.
|Home | Post a Message | Subscribe | Help | Search | Contact Us
BPN is now a 501(c)(3) non-profit and we are transitioning to a new website: BerkeleyParentsNetwork.org


text:
air pollution Companies in North Dakota
Anguil Environmental Systems, Inc.
based in Milwaukee, WISCONSIN (USA)
Anguil Environmental Systems is a global provider of industrial air pollution control, emission abatement and energy recovery systems. We design, manufacturer, service and install thermal and catalytic oxidation technologies as well as heat recovery systems for a variety of applications and industries.Anguil Aqua was developed to help our industrial clients with water ...
ERG (Air Pollution Control) Ltd
based in Horsham, UNITED KINGDOM
ERG (Air Pollution Control) Ltd is a leading supplier of air pollution control systems with a successful 30+ year history. We provide turn-key systems to give the best technical solution for the lowest capital and running costs. We have installed over 600 systems globally. To help you comply with emission regulations, we can draw on an unrivalled range of solutions. ...
Advanced Cyclone Systems, S. A.
based in Porto, PORTUGAL
Advanced Cyclone Systems, S.A. (ACS) is a company exclusively dedicated to the development and commercialization of high efficiency cyclone systems, worldwide. The company works in a very close cooperation with its clients in order to design custom made cyclone systems that really solve their unmet needs.
Lingqi LLC
based in Louisville, KENTUCKY (USA)
We take advantages of our bilingual ability (English and Chinese) and years of working experiences (in China and in USA) to offer business services for companies that are exploring Chinese market in air pollution control field, Engineering, Consultation, and Services, Air Pollution Control.
Ambio Biofiltration Ltd
based in Rockland, ONTARIO (CANADA)
Ambio Biofiltration Ltd. is involved exclusively in biofiltration. Ambio designs, builds, and maintains biofilters for a wide range of air pollution control applications. Our technology comes directly from Germany, where biofilters and bioscrubbers have been in use for more than thirty years. Ambio maintains close links with German researchers and companies to keep at the ...
Chemisch Thermische Prozesstechnik GmbH / CTP Air Pollution Control
based in Graz, AUSTRIA
CTP (Chemisch Thermische Prozesstechnik GmbH) is one of the world`s leading companies in air pollution control for industrial applications. CTP was founded in 1985 and since then, its engineers, chemists and researchers have been developing individual technologies to serve customers worldwide, covering all industrial sectors. At CTP, we adhere to high quality standards ...
Teledyne Advanced Pollution Instrumentation (TAPI)
based in San Diego, CALIFORNIA (USA)
Teledyne-API (TAPI) designs and builds precision air quality monitoring instruments at our factory located in San Diego, California, USA. Our products are used worldwide in ambient air quality monitoring systems (AQMS), continuous emissions monitoring systems (CEMS), and industrial process applications. Our analyzers comply with United States Environmental Protection ...
Nacah Tech LLC
based in Pittsburgh, PENNSYLVANIA (USA)
Nacah Tech has a unique approach for your Thermal Oxidizers and Combustion Systems. Resource saving ideas are key for Nacah Tech LLC thermal oxidizers, combustion systems, afterburners or other thermal air pollution control systems. Nacah Tech becomes a strong, contributing project team member whose combustion experience benefits the customer and their process. When we ...
Shell Engineering & Associates, INC.
based in Columbia, MISSOURI (USA)
`International Consultants In Air Quality` Shell Engineering & Associates, Inc., celebrates more than 30 years as worldwide environmental management consultants with industrial and institutional facilities. Our success comes from our ability to communicate, our ability to overcome obstacles by exploring alternatives and the use of proven scientific methods and our ability ...
EAS, Inc.
based in Gladstone, MICHIGAN (USA)
Welcome to EAS Incorporated your total solutions environmental air pollution control company. EAS Incorporated designs and builds straight through U-CAT patent pending catalytic converter systems, vertical ladder less combinations catalytic silencer systems, horizontal cooler mounted catalytic combination silencer systems, and recuperative catalytic oxidation systems.


text:
A subspecialty certification by the Board of Internal Medicine. Practitioners treat disorders of the internal (endocrine) glands such as the thyroid and adrenal glands. Endocrinology also deals with disorders such as diabetes, metabolic and nutritional disorders, pituitary diseases, and menstrual and sexual problems.View More
1-5 of 5
1952 Whitney Ave Ste 11
Hamden, CT 06517
1625 Straits Tpke Ste 302
Middlebury, CT 06762
789 Howard Ave FL 2
New Haven, CT 06519
112 Quarry Rd Ste 250
Trumbull, CT 06611
133 Scovill St Ste 102
Waterbury, CT 06706


text:
Newegg.com - A great place to buy computers, computer parts, electronics, software, accessories, and DVDs online. With great prices, fast shipping, and top-rated customer service - once you know, you Newegg.
If you are reading this message, Please click this link to reload this page.(Do not use your browser's "Refresh" button). Please email us if you're running the latest version of your browser and you still see this message.
Newegg.com - Computer Parts, Laptops, Electronics, HDTVs, Digital Cameras and More!
Sold and Shipped by Athlon Sports Collectibles
Tommie Frazier led the Nebraska Cornhuskers to back-to-back consensus national championships in 1994 and 1995, and he remains the only quarterback to have done so since the 1950s. The 1995 Nebraska team is considered to have been one of the most dominant in the history of American college football. In 2004, CollegeFootballNews.com named Frazier the #33 player on their list of the Top 100 Greatest College Football Players of All-Time. Tommie Frazier has hand signed this Nebraska Cornhuskers Logo Football with 94/95 National Champs inscription. Certificate of Authenticity from Athlon Sports.
This item is eligible for Newegg Premier benefits. Are you a Newegg Premier Member? If not, sign up today and get:
Your request will be processed within the next 24 hours.
Please add "email@example.com" to your address book to ensure delivery.See Today's E-Blast Promo


text:
The Gear Guide
The things that make our homes more comfortable, convenient, and enjoyable—so many of them aren't nailed onto the wall or glued beneath the flooring. Rather, these products are selected and purchased in stores, be it your local home center or preferred online retailer. And while nothing could be easier than plunking down the credit card, it's almost always difficult deciding which items are worthy of your hard-earned dollars. That's where we come in: Here, discover our editors' and contributors' top choices in a broad range of exciting categories.
Interior DesignJanuary 27, 2014 | MondayYou've got the drinks, prepped the appetizers, and planned the festivities—but where will all your guests sit? You can cer...
Interior DesignNovember 11, 2013 | MondayCan't quite reach the top shelf? Do the kids struggle to turn on the bathroom faucet? With these handy step stools, everyo...
Doors & WindowsOctober 28, 2013 | MondayNow that our phones talk and our cars start with the push of a button, it's no surprise that the front door is going digit...
Interior DesignSeptember 19, 2013 | ThursdayJust because a desk lamp needs to be functional doesn't mean it can't look good, too. Here are 11 of our favorite "taskmas...
Major SystemsAugust 02, 2013 | FridayIf you're in the market for a new window air conditioner, check out these 9 best-rated models for small, medium, and large...
Tools & WorkshopJuly 18, 2013 | ThursdayAs you drive screws and hammer nails, crank your favorite tunes on a durable, portable radio specially designed to weather...
BathroomJuly 12, 2013 | FridayWhether you want to watch TV, write a screenplay, or simply enhance your shower experience, these high-tech upgrades are s...
StorageMay 28, 2013 | TuesdayTidy up in a hurry with these multipurpose, flexible furniture pieces that create a little extra storage where you need it...
- 15 Old House Features We Shouldn't Abandon
- 13 Lazy Cleaning Tricks for a Spotless Home
- Laundry Room Ideas to Knock Your Socks Off
- Insanely Easy 60-Minute Home Improvements
- 12 Sheds You Could Live (or Work) In
- Assembly Required: 15 DIY Kit Homes
- 7 House Sounds You Never Want to Ignore
- 10 Surprisingly Simple Woodworking Projects
- Worth It: 8 Renovations That Pay You Back
- Organize Your Life with 12 Dollar-Store Buys
- 9 Totally Amazing Mobile Home Makeovers
- Don't Make These 7 Mistakes in Small Spaces
- 20 Sneaky Storage Ideas
- 15 Totally Unexpected DIY Flooring Alternatives
- 7 Easy Budget-Friendly Backyard Makeovers
- 10 Closet Cures That Cost Less Than $100
- 11 Easy DIY Projects to Declutter Your Home
- 10 "Zero Dollar" Garden Hacks
- 10 Killproof Plants for a No-Effort Landscape
- 9 Insanely Easy 1-Hour Backyard Projects


text:
Syllabus and scheme of studies for Regular/Private students doing MSc Mathematics from University of the Punjab, Lahore. 1)
2 years M.Sc Mathematics programme consists of two parts namely Part-I and Part II. The regulation, Syllabi and Courses of Reading for the M.Sc. (Mathematics) Part-I and Part-II (Regular Scheme) are given below.
Please consult some student or teacher of Department of Mathematics, University of the Punjab, Lahore for paper pattern that there is a conflict on information given on University of the Punjab's official website and old papers.
The following regulations will be observed by M.Sc. (Mathematics) regular students
The following five papers shall be studied in M.Sc. Part-I:
Note: All the papers of M.Sc. Part-I given above are compulsory.
In M.Sc. Part-II examinations, there are six written papers. The following three papers are compulsory. Each paper carries 100 marks.
A student may select any three of the following optional courses:
Note: The students who opt for Computer Applications paper shall have to pass in both the theory and practical parts of the examinations.
Please download the PDF give below for detail outline of course and distribution of the marks in each paper. The above text is also included in this PDF. For updated information please don't forget to visit the PU website.
On the following page, old papers of MSc Mathematics are given, which can be considered as old papers.


text: I am the network administrator of my office and I am facing some issues during administration. I have about 50 users in the network and many of them have started fishy things on their computers. I want to delete their accounts at a time and keep an account called as Administrator and also All Users. There should not be any other account on those computers except what I have stated. My network consists of Windows XP and Windows Vista, and I have Windows 2008 Server. So can I restrict those users to open specific applications because that is creating a lot of issues? Please help!


text:
Recording Industry Offers Help to Artists with Drug Problems: Music Business Establishes Substance-Abuse Programs
Billingsley, K. L., The Washington Times (Washington, DC)
SANTA MONICA, Calif. - Music-industry insiders have announced plans to deal with the drug abuse long associated with the recording industry, which has been beset of late by drug-related deaths, arrests and concert cancellations.
"Our industry has been in denial for a while, said Michael Greene, president of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences, which hosted a press conference here yesterday after a closed-door meeting of industry professionals.
"We have a poor sense of our history," Mr. Greene said. "People are fed up with not having [pioneering jazz saxophonist] Charlie Parker and [guitar virtuoso] Jimi Hendrix around. After two or three deaths in succession, we said, `That's it.' "
On Memorial Day weekend, Bradley Nowell, lead singer of the band Sublime died of a heroin overdose in San Francisco. The same weekend, Depeche Mode singer Dave Gahan was arrested in Los Angeles for investigation of cocaine possession and being under the influence of heroin.
The Stone Temple Pilots were forced to cancel their summer tour this year after a judge in April ordered lead singer Scott Weiland into a treatment program. Mr. Weiland was arrested in Pasadena in 1995 after deputies found crack in his car and heroin in his wallet.
Last October, Shannon Hoon of Blind Melon died of a cocaine overdose. In 1994, Kurt Cobain of the grunge band Nirvana fatally shot himself after a failed suicide attempt in Europe, in which he overdosed on drugs. He struggled for years with heroin and alcohol abuse.
The MusiCares Foundation, founded in 1989, will administer a substance abuse and intervention program. The program can put a performer in touch with caseworkers for drug intervention and financial assistance in patient care. …


text:
Had to jump it yesterday and ran diagnostic today indicating possible low voltage starter problem. After jumping and driving car today it seems to behave normally. As soon as it was connected with jumper cables it fired up. Ran errands and each time it cranked fine. I have used Honda Conyers where I bought it for all maintenance and repair.
by doncottton in Conyers, GA on October 22, 2012


text:
Already a member? Log in.
All members: Please post your meetup event ideas! This group is for men and women, 40+ years young looking to make new friends and be socially active. Members as well as Organizers may post the events they want to attend!!!! Please share your hobbies and interests with other group members by inviting us along!!!
Currently we have weekly dances to attend, dinner and a movie night, winery tours, book club discussions, trips to NYC for visiting museums and enjoying the ballet and the opera, monthly birthday celebration dinners/lunches and more!
Join us and enjoy some laid-back fun while meeting other socially active and interesting adults! ***Newly added feature of Middletown Mingles - all members have the ability to post events! If you have an idea for an activity that you want others to join in on, please go ahead and post an event. Be sure and identify yourself as the event organizer. If you choose to organize an event please be prepared to establish a meeting place for the venue, meet and greet the members and seat the members together so everyone can get to know one another and enjoy themselves. Please be aware that an organizer must approve your meetup posting suggestion.
If you have questions please email me through the site. Thank you, Noreen - one of the group organizers.
2,177 Outdoor-Loving Singles
496 Paint Partygoer
1,152 Members
577 Members
222 Dancers
1,396 Members
Meetup members, Log in
By clicking "Sign up" or "Sign up using Facebook", you confirm that you accept our Terms of Service & Privacy Policy


text:
Newegg.com - A great place to buy computers, computer parts, electronics, software, accessories, and DVDs online. With great prices, fast shipping, and top-rated customer service - once you know, you Newegg.
If you are reading this message, Please click this link to reload this page.(Do not use your browser's "Refresh" button). Please email us if you're running the latest version of your browser and you still see this message.
Newegg.com - Computer Parts, Laptops, Electronics, HDTVs, Digital Cameras and More!
Sold and Shipped by Newegg
Intel Desktop Board D2500CC is integrated with the new Intel Atom processor D2500 and the Intel NM10 Express Chipset to offer a PC-like embedded desktop system. The board features a dual 10/100/1000 integrated Intel LAN, full legacy features with 4 serial ports, and Intel High Definition Audio (Intel HD Audio).
The Intel Desktop Board D2500CC features a passive thermal solution which is suitable for low-power embedded usages.
Based on the standard mini-ITX form factor, the Intel Desktop Board D2500CC board is a cost-competitive, entry-level embedded desktop system due to the wide mini-ITX ecosystem support.
This item is eligible for Newegg Premier benefits. Are you a Newegg Premier Member? If not, sign up today and get:
Your request will be processed within the next 24 hours.
Please add "email@example.com" to your address book to ensure delivery.See Today's E-Blast Promo


text:
|Numéro de publication
|Type de publication
|Numéro de demande
|Date de publication
|13 mars 2012
|Date de dépôt
|8 oct. 2008
|Date de priorité
|11 aoűt 2008
|État de paiement des frais
|Autre référence de publication
|Numéro de publication
|Chen-Hua Yu, Hung-Ta Lin, Wen-Chih Chiou, Ding-Yuan Chen, Chia-Lin Yu
|Cessionnaire d'origine
|Taiwan Semiconductor Manfacturing Co., Ltd.
|Exporter la citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citations de brevets (10), Citations hors brevets (3), Référencé par (7), Classifications (11), Événements juridiques (4)
|Liens externes: USPTO, Cession USPTO, Espacenet
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/087,897 filed on Aug. 11, 2008, entitled "Light-Emitting Diodes on Concave Texture Substrate," which application is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
This invention relates generally to light-emitting diodes and, more particularly, to light-emitting diodes formed in recesses of a substrate.
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are manufactured by forming active regions on a substrate and by depositing various conductive and semiconductive layers on the substrate. The radiative recombination of electron-hole pairs can be used for the generation of electromagnetic radiation (e.g., light) by the electric current in a p-n junction. In a forward-biased p-n junction fabricated from a direct band gap material, such as GaAs or GaN, the recombination of the electron-hole pairs injected into the depletion region causes the emission of electromagnetic radiation. The electromagnetic radiation may be in the visible range or may be in a non-visible range. Different colors of LEDs may be created by using materials with different band gaps. Further, an LED with electromagnetic radiation emitting in a non-visible range may direct the non-visible light towards a phosphor lens or a like material type. When the non-visible light is absorbed by the phosphor, the phosphor emits a visible light.
LEDs are typically manufactured on a sapphire substrate (Al2O3) for group III-N compound LED structures because the crystal orientation of the sapphire substrate allows the group III-N compounds to be epitaxially grown on the sapphire substrate. Sapphire substrates, however, are expensive as compared to silicon substrates. Also, sapphire substrates are typically characterized by thermal accumulation due to the low thermal conductivity of sapphire.
Furthermore, LEDs are typically formed on a planar substrate, thereby resulting in a planar LED structure. A planar LED structure limits the amount of light-emitting material that may be placed on a given size of substrate. As a result, the light emitting efficiency of an LED of a given size is restricted.
Accordingly, there is a need for a structure and a method to form LED devices more cost effectively while increasing the light emitting efficiency of an LED of a given size.
These and other problems are generally reduced, solved or circumvented, and technical advantages are generally achieved, by embodiments of the present invention, which provides light-emitting diodes (LEDs) formed in recesses of a substrate.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a method of forming an LED device is provided. The method includes forming recesses in a substrate and forming LED structures within the recesses. The LED structures may have a bottom contact layer that covers the sidewalls of the recesses. The LED structure includes the bottom contact layer, an active layer (e.g., a multiple quantum well), and a top contact layer. Optionally, a buffer layer may be used to facilitate the growth of the bottom contact layer on the substrate. Furthermore, the LED structure may be formed over a top surface of the substrate adjacent to the recesses.
In another embodiment of the present invention, an LED device is provided. The LED device includes LED structures in recesses of a substrate such that the LED structures cover the sidewalls of the recesses. The LED structure may be formed as conformal layers along sidewalls of the recesses, and optionally over a top surface of the substrate adjacent to the recesses.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, another LED device is provided. The LED structure includes a bottom contact layer that has a non-conformal, and preferably a planar, surface as compared to the topology of the recess. The active layer and the top contact layer may be formed as conformal layers over the bottom contact layer.
For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
The making and using of the presently preferred embodiments are discussed in detail below. It should be appreciated, however, that the present invention provides many applicable inventive concepts that can be embodied in a wide variety of specific contexts. The specific embodiments discussed herein are merely illustrative of specific ways to make and use the invention, and do not limit the scope of the invention.
A novel method for forming light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and the resulting structures are provided. The intermediate stages of manufacturing preferred embodiments of the present invention are illustrated. It should be understood that steps necessary to illustrate the inventive aspects of the invention are shown, but other processes may be performed. Throughout the various views and illustrative embodiments of the present invention, like reference numbers are used to designate like elements.
It should be noted that while embodiments of the present invention are described in the context of using a bulk silicon substrate, other substrates may be used. For example, silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates, sapphire substrates, SiC substrates, and the like may also be used. Embodiments of the present invention, however, may be particularly suited to silicon substrates due to the low cost in addition to reducing the residual stress in the LED structure formed thereon. Silicon substrates may also improve the extraction efficiency and allow a selective group III-N epitaxial growth process to be used.
The first mask 104 is preferably a hard mask comprising one or more dielectric layers. In an embodiment, the first mask 104 comprises a silicon dioxide layer formed by, for example, thermal oxidation or by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques using tetra-ethyl-ortho-silicate (TEOS) and oxygen as a precursor, or a silicon nitride layer formed using CVD techniques using silane and ammonia as precursor gases. Alternatively, the first mask 104 may be formed of other dielectric materials. For example, silicon oxynitride, or the like may also be used. A multi-layer hard mask, such as layers of silicon dioxide and silicon nitride, may also be used. Furthermore, other materials, such as a metal, a metal nitride, a metal oxide, or the like may be used. For example, the first mask 104 may be formed of tungsten.
As illustrated in
Next, a separation layer 110 is formed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention as illustrated in
The separation layer 110 is patterned as illustrated in
Thereafter, LED structures 114 may be formed as illustrated in
The LED structures 114 may comprise any LED structure suitable for a particular application. Generally, the LED structures 114 include a first contact layer 120 formed over sidewalls of the concave recesses 108 in the substrate 102. Preferably, the first contact layer 120 is formed of a group III-N compound doped with a dopant of the first conductivity type (e.g., n-GaN) and may be disposed by, for example, a selective epitaxial growth process such as a molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE), metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy (HVPE), liquid phase epitaxy (LPE), or the like. The group III-N material may include, for example, GaN, InN, AlN, InxGa(1-x)N, AlxGa(1-x)N, AlxInyGa(1-x-y)N, or the like.
Active layer 122 is disposed on the first contact layer 120. The active layer 122 may comprise multiple quantum wells (MQW) and acts as an active layer for emitting light. MQW structures in active layer 122, may be layers of InGaN and GaN, for example. MQWs in active layer 122 may be disposed in an epitaxial reactor.
A second contact layer 124 is disposed on the active layer 110. The second contact layer 124 is preferably formed of a group III-N compound doped with a dopant of the second conductivity type (e.g., p-GaN) and may be formed by a process similar to the first contact layer 120.
Thereafter, processes may be performed to complete the LED device. For example, electrical contacts (front-side and/or backside contacts) may be formed to the first and second contact layers 120 and 124, passivation layers may be formed, and the LED device may be diced and packaged.
It should be noted that the above description describes a method of forming concave recesses in a substrate, in which LED devices may be formed. Other layers, such as a distributed Bragg reflector or a buffer layer, may be desirable. Depending upon the type of substrate and the connections to the first and second contact layers 120 and 124, a buffer layer may also be desirable between the first contact layer 120 and the substrate 102. For example, with some types of substrates, such as SiC substrates, a buffer layer, such as AlN or AlGaN, may be desirable to aid in the selective epitaxial growth of a group III-N compound on the SiC substrate. A distributed Bragg reflector generally comprises multiple layers having different refractive indices that cause light emitted from the LED structures to be reflected, thereby increasing the light emitted from the top of the LED device. A reflective buffer layer may also be used with or in place of the distributed Bragg reflector.
The structure of the LED structures 114 may also vary depending on the type of materials used and the intended application. It is expected that many types of LED structures may be used with embodiments of the present invention, which provides concave recesses in a substrate in which LED structures may be formed.
Advantageously, one of ordinary skill in the art will realize that due to the non-planar surface of the LED structures 114, the total area of active layer 122 is advantageously increased as compared to a planar MQW occupying the same chip area. As a result, the light emitting efficiency is increased.
It should also be noted that the above description assumes a backside contact for the first contact layer 120, which typically uses a doped substrate 102. In situations in which a front-side contact is utilized to provide an electrical contact to the first contact layer 120, an undoped substrate 102 may be used.
Referring now to
Thereafter, the separation layer 202 is formed as a conformal layer over the surface of the substrate 102. The separation layer 202 is preferably a dielectric layer, such as silicon dioxide that may be formed in a manner similar to the separation layer 110 discussed above with reference to
Thereafter, as illustrated in
Referring now to
In this embodiment, it should be noted that the patterned first mask 106 may optionally be removed. Furthermore, if the patterned first mask remains and comprises a metal or other conductive material, then it is preferred that the first contact layer 312 extend above the patterned first mask 106 to prevent a short condition between the first contact layer 312 and the second contact layer 316.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that while this embodiment has a first contact layer and an active layer with less surface area than the embodiments discussed above with reference to
It should also be noted that because the separation regions 112 are completely covered with the first contact layer 312 in this embodiment, the separation regions 112 may be formed with a dielectric material, metal, or a metal nitride.
In the foregoing specification, the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, various modifications and changes can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the specification and figures are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
For example, while the present invention has been illustrated with reference to an n-type substrate and an LED structure having top-to-bottom layers comprising n-GaN, active layer, and p-GaN, an LED structure having top-to-bottom layers comprising p-GaN, active layer, and n-GaN may be used. Additionally, other types of materials besides GaN may be used. In this embodiment, the substrate may be, for example, a p-type substrate (desirable with backside electrical contacts) or an undoped substrate (desirable with a front-side electrical contacts).
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present invention allow the capability for integrating silicon-based semiconductor devices with LED structures while reducing costs by, for example, using a bulk silicon substrate. The use of the silicon substrate further allows the use of selective epitaxial growth for the LED device and reduces residual stress in the LED device. The use of recesses in the substrate also allows the surface area of LED structure to be increased, thereby increasing the emission area and light efficiency. Embodiments using a non-conformal or planar contact and active layers, such as the embodiment discussed above with reference to
Although particular embodiments of the invention have been described in detail, it is understood that the invention is not limited correspondingly in scope, but includes all changes, modifications, and equivalents coming within the spirit and terms of the claims appended hereto. For example, differing types of materials and differing thicknesses may be used, and the like. Accordingly, it is understood that this invention may be extended to other structures and materials, and thus, the specification and figures are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.
|Brevet cité
|Date de dépôt
|Date de publication
|22 avr. 1997
|27 juil. 1999
|Compagnie Industrielle Des Lasers Cilas
|Diode laser device arranged in the form of semiconductor arrays
|11 oct. 2001
|11 mars 2003
|Solidlite Corporation
|Packaging of light-emitting diode
|12 déc. 2001
|21 oct. 2003
|Nobuhiko Sawaki
|Semiconductor device including an InGaAIN layer
|18 mars 2003
|18 janv. 2005
|Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha
|Light emitting semiconductor device and method of fabricating the same
|29 déc. 2004
|7 juil. 2005
|Lg Electronics Inc.
|Light emitting device and manufacturing method thereof
|9 nov. 2006
|28 juin 2007
|Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd.
|Semiconductor light emitting diode and method for manufacturing the same
|12 juin 2007
|18 déc. 2008
|Pan Shaoher X
|Silicon based solid state lighting
|21 juil. 2008
|5 févr. 2009
|Siphoton, Inc
|Light emitting device
|31 déc. 2004
|13 juil. 2005
|Titre non disponible
|"Nonpolar and semipolar GaN LEDs show great improvement," LEDs Magazine (Dec. 19, 2006) 2 pgs.
|Lee, S.C., et al., "Nanoscale Spatial Phase Modulation of GaN on a V-Grooved Si Substrate-Cubic Phase GaN on Si(001) for Monolithic Integration," IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 41, No. 4 (Apr. 2005) pp. 596-605.
|Sawaki et al. Machine English Translation for JP2002-026387A.
|Brevet citant
|Date de dépôt
|Date de publication
|1 oct. 2012
|18 mars 2014
|Tsmc Solid State Lighting Ltd.
|Light-emitting devices with textured active layer
|12 sept. 2012
|29 avr. 2014
|Micron Technology, Inc.
|Solid state lighting devices with cellular arrays and associated methods of manufacturing
|10 févr. 2010
|14 oct. 2014
|Macron Technology, Inc.
|Light emitting diodes and associated methods of manufacturing
|25 avr. 2014
|26 mai 2015
|Micron Technology, Inc.
|Solid state lighting devices with cellular arrays and associated methods of manufacturing
|14 mars 2014
|6 oct. 2015
|TSMC Solid State Lighting, Ltd.
|Light emitting devices with textured active layer
|10 févr. 2010
|11 aoűt 2011
|Micron Technology, Inc.
|Light emitting diodes and associated methods of manufacturing
|2 mai 2014
|9 oct. 2014
|Peiching Ling
|Light emitting diode package and method of fabricating the same
|Classification aux États-Unis
|Classification internationale
|Classification coopérative
|Classification européenne
|30 oct. 2008
Owner name: TAIWAN SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING COMPANY, LTD.,T
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:YU, CHEN-HUA;LIN, HUNG-TA;CHIOU, WEN-CHIH;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:021766/0509
Effective date: 20080818
Owner name: TAIWAN SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING COMPANY, LTD.,
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:YU, CHEN-HUA;LIN, HUNG-TA;CHIOU, WEN-CHIH;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:021766/0509
Effective date: 20080818
|26 aoűt 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|4 mai 2016
Owner name: CHIP STAR LTD., TAIWAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:TAIWAN SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING COMPANY, LTD.;REEL/FRAME:038460/0374
Effective date: 20150624
|5 mai 2016
Owner name: EPISTAR CORPORATION, TAIWAN
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:CHIP STAR LTD.;REEL/FRAME:038475/0854
Effective date: 20150715


text:
And then I thought, okay, well, I'm going to need to do something to
integrate this audience.
Harryette Mullen, on why she wrote Muse & Drudge,
"A Conversation with Harryette Mullen," Combo 1
Emerson's dirge for the black and white soldiers of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry (written in the immediate aftermath of Gettysburg; the massacre of the 54th at Fort Wagner; the New York City conscription riots in which dozens of black citizens including many children were murdered and which only subsided when troops returning from Gettysburg intervened, all during a two-week span in July; and Frederick Douglass's meeting with Lincoln on August 10, 1863) begins with an homage to black music.
Low and mournful be the strain,
Haughty thought be far from me;
Tones of penitence and pain,
Moanings of the Tropic sea;
Low and tender in the cell
Where a captive sits in chains,
Crooning ditties treasured well
From his Afric's torrid plains.
Sole estate his sire bequeathed—
Hapless sire to hapless son—


text:
I had the following code in a PowerShell script:
$sql_instance = "SQLEXPRESS"
$server = New-Object ('Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Server') $sql_instance
Write-Host $server.InstanceName
And nothing was returned. After about 20 minutes of researching I realized I forgot to include the computer name when creating the $server object.
The code should have been:
$sql_instance = "MYSERVER\SQLEXPRESS"
My question is: how can I verify that the server object created is actually representing a valid SQL Server instance?
I imagine something like:
If $server.IsNotValid -eq "True" Then Throw Exception


text:
Ask Search Post
Dogs for Sale in San Antonio, Texas(1 - 15 of 4,507)
Oops! It looks like the listing is no longer available!
See what else is available or ask your friends and neighbors.
$600 Two Shitzus 2yoSan Antonio, TXI have 1 male (black) and 1 female(black/white) Shitzu dogs that are both 2 yo. Very sweet! To good home only. We are moving and cannot t...Lauren T. · 3 days ago
$700 German Shepherd puppiesGerman Shepherd · San Antonio, TXAKC registered working lines . 3 females left . shots and wormed are up-to-date. with vet health Clarence. Very active and healthy more v...John G. · 1 week ago
$1,000 AKC Bull Terrier Puppies now availableBull Terrier · Castle Hills, TXAKC Bull Terrier Pupppies Born May 07 and will be ready for their new homes on July 02, 2016. Now accepting deposits. These bullies have ...Michelle H. · 1 week ago
$1,000 AKC Registered Yellow LabsLabrador Retriever · Seguin, TX… . Outstanding Bloodlines. Multiple generations of Hall of Fame parents with lists of Championships. Driven hunt...Sierra K. · 1 week ago
$900 Great Dane PuppyGreat Dane · San Antonio, TX5 week old merelequin dane pup, need to rehome due to fiances job constantly moving around. He's half way potty trained, just needs to be...Crystal D. · 2 weeks ago
$500 T-Cup Chihuahua PuppiesChihuahua · Leon Valley, TXTOYS GROWTH UP TO 4 TO 5LBS AS ADULTS SELLS BTWN $300 TO $400 T-CUP GROWTH UP TO 3LBS AS ADULTS SELLS AT $ 500 OR TWO WKLY PYMTS OF $250 ...Rick V. · 2 weeks ago
$700 AKC cocker spaniel puppiesCocker Spaniel · Seguin, TX1 buff and white male, 1 Black and Tan female cocker spaniel puppies ready for deposits. will be AKC registered with tails docks, dew cla...Shelli C. · 2 weeks ago
$750 YorkiesYorkshire Terrier · New Braunfels, TXI have two Beautiful Yorkie Puppies They are 10 Weeks Old and ready for a New Home... I have a Tiny Male and Female they've had their 1st...Norma S. · 2 weeks ago
$1,300 Yorkie Puppies AKCYorkshire Terrier · Center Point, TXBeautiful AKC Yorkie puppies available, I dont have pups available all the time. So If you are looking for a beautiful social baby, visit...Happy Lil Pawz · 2 weeks ago
$1,300 AKC Maltese PuppiesMaltese · Center Point, TXBeautiful AKC Maltese babies available, I dont have pups available all the time. So If you are looking for a beautiful social baby, visit...Happy Lil Pawz · 2 weeks ago
GoFundMe Account Help Needed PleaseSan Antonio, TXI have created a gofundme account for my dog who had emergency surgery due to a negligent vet. Because of that I am $6000 in debt now and...Mocha L. · 3 weeks ago
$350 Shih Tzu PuppiesShih-Tzu · San Antonio, TXPrice is firm not going down. They don't have shot or papers but they are full breed. They will be ready to go to their new homes on June...Destiny P. · 2 days ago
$900 RebaYorkshire Terrier · Saint Hedwig, TXAMERICAN Kc registered black and gold tail docked dewclaws removed shots up to date dewormed Micro chipped mom five pounds and dad 3 1/2 ...Marketplace User ·7 hours ago on PuppyFindTools
- XTools
- Reba for $900
- Respond
- Stop Fraud
- Report
- Learn More
Adopt A383622 a Labrador Retriever / Mixed dog in San Antonio, TX (15651574)Labrador Retriever · San Antonio, TXhttp://www.adoptapet.com ·23 hours ago on Adopt-a-Pet.comTools
- XTools
- Adopt A383622 a Labrad...
- Respond
- Stop Fraud
- Report
- Learn More
Adopt A383667 a White Poodle (Miniature) / Mixed dog in San AntonioPoodle · San Antonio, TXhttp://www.adoptapet.com ·23 hours ago on Adopt-a-Pet.comTools
- XTools
- Adopt A383667 a White ...
- Respond
- Stop Fraud
- Report
- Learn More
Find Listings on Oodle Marketplace Baltimore Dogs | Cincinnati Dogs | Colorado Springs Dogs | Dallas Dogs | Denver Dogs | Detroit Dogs | Fort Myers Dogs | Fresno Dogs | Grand Rapids Dogs | Indianapolis Dogs | Orlando Dogs | Phoenix Dogs | Sarasota Dogs | Winter Haven Dogs | Woodbridge Dogs. Oodle Marketplace is a great place to find used cars, used motorcycles, used RVs, used boats, apartments for rent, homes for sale, job listings, and local businesses.
Safety Tips
Safety Tips
- Meet the seller and pet in person
- Don't wire money or take advance payments.
- Only pay for shipping if you know the seller.
To learn more, visit the Safety Center. Report suspicious listings by clicking on .