text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|9 Oct 2001
|Filing date
|1 Oct 1998
|Priority date
|1 Oct 1998
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Gautam B. Doshi, Peter Markstein, Alan H. Karp, Jerome C. Huck, Glenn T. Colon-Bonet, Michael Morrison
|Original Assignee
|Institute For The Development Of Emerging Architectures, L.L.C.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (9), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (45), Classifications (15), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to computer program code optimization, and more particularly to a system and method for supporting code optimization through the deferral of exceptions generated during speculative execution.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
As is known, the performance of a computer system may be enhanced by optimizing the code of a computer program so that the computer can execute the program more quickly. One of the steps in optimizing a program is a process called scheduling. Scheduling is a process where the series of computer operations that comprise a program are organized for execution. During the scheduling process, operations of the program may be arranged, eliminated, or moved to make the program run more efficiently for a particular CPU design. Generally, there are two forms of scheduling: dynamic scheduling performed by the hardware during execution of a program, and static scheduling performed by a compiler before execution. Either of these techniques, or a combination of both, may be used to schedule operations in a computer program for processing by a computer system.
A computer program consists of a series of instructions to be carried out by a central processing unit (CPU) in the computer system. A typical program is written in a high level language and then compiled into a series of instructions compatible with the instruction set architecture of the CPU. A program, however, may also be directly written in "machine language" according to the instruction set architecture of the computer. The instruction set architecture defines the format or encoding of operations, including operators and operands in an instruction. Depending on the structure of the CPU and the scheduling techniques involved, each instruction may have one or more operations. An operation includes an operator encoded in an opcode representing functions such as add, subtract, load, store, branch, etc. Additionally, an operation identifies the operands and the results of the operation. To accomplish this, the operation typically includes a code identifying the location such as a register of an operand or operands. It is these operations that are organized for execution by the CPU using the optimization techniques.
There are different levels of optimization. One level of optimization is local optimization where code within a straight-line code fragment or "basic block" is manipulated to run more efficiently. By way of definition, a "basic block" is a contiguous set of instructions bounded by branches and/or branch targets, containing no branches or branch targets. This implies that if any instruction in a basic block is executed, then all instructions in the basic block will be executed, i.e. the instructions contained within any basic block are executed on an all-or-nothing basis. The instructions within a basic block are enabled for execution when control is passed to the basic block by an earlier branch targeting the basic block ("targeting" as used here includes both explicit targeting via a taken branch as well as implicit targeting via a not taken branch). The foregoing implies that if control is passed to a basic block, then all instructions in the basic block must be executed; if control is not passed to the basic block, then all instructions in the basic block must not be executed. The act of executing, or specifying the execution of, an instruction before control has been passed to the instruction is called "speculation." Speculation performed by the processor at program runtime is called "dynamic speculation" while speculation specified by the compiler is called "static speculation." Dynamic speculation is known in the prior art.
Two instructions are deemed "independent" when one does not require the result of the other; when one instruction does require the result of the other they are termed "dependent" instructions. Independent instructions may be executed in parallel while dependent instructions must be executed in serial fashion. Program performance is improved by identifying independent instructions and executing as many of them in parallel as possible. Experience indicates that more independent instructions can be found by searching across multiple basic blocks than can be found by searching only within individual basic blocks, however, simultaneously executing instructions from multiple basic blocks generally requires speculation. Identifying and scheduling independent instructions, and thereby increasing performance, is one of the primary tasks of compilers and processors.
The trend in compiler and processor design has been to increase the scope of the search for independent instructions in each successive generation. In prior art instruction sets, an instruction that may generate an exception cannot be speculated by the compiler since, if the instruction causes an exception, the program may erroneously generate an exception when the program should not have. This restricts the useful scope of the compiler's search for independent instructions and makes it necessary for speculation to be performed at program runtime by the processor via dynamic speculation. However, dynamic speculation entails a significant amount of hardware complexity, furthermore, the complexity increases exponentially with the number of basic blocks over which dynamic speculation is applied—this places a practical limit on the scope of dynamic speculation. By contrast, the scope over which the compiler can search for independent instructions is much larger—potentially the entire program. Furthermore, once the compiler has been designed to perform static speculation across a single basic block boundary, very little additional complexity is incurred by statically speculating across several basic block boundaries.
Examples of local optimization techniques are common subexpression elimination and constant propagation. Another level of optimization is global optimization which includes extending local optimization techniques across conditional branches in a program and further includes transformations for optimizing loops. One form of global optimization is code motion. An example of code motion is removing code from a loop that computes the same value each iteration of a loop. A third level of optimization is machine dependent optimization. Machine dependent optimization involves manipulation of code to take advantage of specific architectural attributes of the CPU. For example, if the CPU has a pipelined functional unit for executing instructions concurrently, then code can be reordered to improve pipeline performance.
To optimize a program, code may be moved above a conditional branch in a scheduling process called speculative code motion. Speculative code motion refers to the movement of an instruction above a conditional branch that controls its execution. The execution of a "speculative" instruction may be referred to as speculative or anticipatory execution because the instruction is executed before it is known whether the instruction will actually be used in the program. Speculative code motion can enhance instruction level parallelism. Because many instructions have a long latency, meaning they take several clock cycles to execute, it is advantageous to execute an instruction speculatively. They delay that an instruction would otherwise cause can be minimized by issuing the instruction in advance. Speculative code motion may also be useful in other optimizations such as redundancy elimination.
If static speculation is to be undertaken, then several problems must be solved, one of the most important of which is the handling of exceptional conditions encountered by statically speculated instructions.
Since, as noted above, exceptions on speculative instructions cannot be delivered at the time of execution of the instructions, a compiler-visible mechanism is needed to defer the delivery of the exceptions until control is passed to the basic block from which the instructions were speculated (known as the "originating basic block"). Mechanisms that perform a similar function exist in the prior art for deferring and later delivering exceptions on dynamically speculated instructions, however, by definition the mechanisms are not visible to the compiler and therefore cannot be manipulated by the compiler into playing a role in compiler-directed speculation. No known method or apparatus for deferring and later delivering exceptions on statically speculated instructions has been enabled in the prior art. Limited forms of static speculation do exist in the prior art, however: (1) the forms do not involve deferral and later recovery of exceptional conditions, and (2) the forms do not enable static speculation over the breadth and scope of the present invention.
Another example of prior art limited static speculation is the speculation of instructions that do not cause exceptions. For example, typically the compare instruction is defined such that it does not generate any exceptions. A properly designed compiler may then speculate the compare since the only side effect is the writing of a destination. In the event that control is not passed to the compare's originating basic block, the destination is simply discarded. Another example is a load instruction from an address that is known to be valid at compile time and known to remain constant during runtime, e.g. a global variable. These conditions guarantee that if any exceptions do occur, they will not be fatal and can be handled speculatively without side effects—although the handling of the speculative exceptions may reduce overall performance. Again it should be noted that the limited forms of speculation just described do not involve or allow deferral and only apply to a restricted class of instructions.
Therefore, when undertaking static speculation, there is a need in the art to enable a mechanism to defer exceptions on speculative instructions that applies to as many forms of speculation as possible. The mechanism must posses very low latency otherwise the performance of a program compiled with speculation may actually be lower than the same program compiled without speculation. The mechanism must also place minimal restrictions on the form and the construction of software in order to allow the execution of legacy software, to minimize the impact on software developers, and to maximize the range of software implementation choices. A desired characteristic of the mechanism is to allow the computer system to dynamically adapt to program behavior in order to maximize performance over the broadest possible range of software.
Other methods are also known to deal with exceptions generated during speculative execution. One conservative approach is referred to as "safe speculation." In this approach, only operations that do not generate exceptions are moved speculatively. This approach does not improve instruction level parallelism sufficiently because it precludes speculative motion of many operations. Moreover, it does not allow load operations to be executed speculatively, and therefore, does not have the benefit of hiding memory latency.
Another alternative approach is referred to as boosting. In this approach, a speculative operation is tagged with the path back to its home basic block. To defer an exception, this state information must be saved until the processor takes a different execution path or it uses the result of the operation in a non-speculative operation.
The need to save this state information is a drawback of the boosting technique. Additional memory is required to store this state information. This gives rise to a trade off between the extent to which boosting can be achieved and the additional opcode bits required to store the branch directions. The number of branches that an operation can be moved across is limited by the memory available to store the state information.
Another approach involves the use of a poison bit to defer exceptions. In this approach, the processor marks the result register of a speculative operation with a poison bit when an exception has been generated. When another speculative operation uses the result of this operation, the processor can propagate the exception by setting a poison bit in the result register of the operation. Processing of the exception is deferred until a non-speculative operation consumes the poison bit. At that point, the processor can report or process the exception.
The poison bit approach typically requires that an extra bit be added to the opcode of speculative operations in the instruction set architecture to differentiate between speculative and non-speculative operations. This is a drawback because it increases the complexity of the instruction set and requires additional memory in the register file. In addition, the poison bit must be saved when a register is spilled at a function call or context switch. It is difficult to save the poison bit because a register that holds 64 bits of data, for example, needs to be spilled to 65 bits of memory.
Yet another approach is referred to as tagging. In this approach, each operation has a tag associated with it. Typically, a tag of zero indicates that the operation is non-speculative. For speculative operations, the tag refers to memory in the processor such as a tag table that stores information about deferred exceptions. In this scheme, a commit operation is inserted at the home block of an operation to check for a deferred exception.
One problem with the tagging approach is that the amount of speculation is typically limited by the number of opcodes available for tags. When more bits are needed to encode the tags, fewer bits are available to enhance the repertoire of operations in the instruction set architecture. Another problem is the need to explicitly clear the information stored in the tag when the branch direction skips the commit operation.
Accordingly, it is desired to provide a system and method for deferring exceptions generated during speculative execution that overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art.
Certain objects, advantages and novel features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description that follows and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned with the practice of the invention.
The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. To achieve the advantages and novel features, the present invention is generally directed to a system and method for supporting speculative execution of an instruction set for a central processing unit (CPU) including non-speculative and speculative instructions. In accordance with one aspect of the invention a method includes the steps of evaluating, during execution, the instructions of the instruction set to determine whether the individual instructions are speculative or non-speculative, and assessing each of the speculative instructions to determine whether it generates an exception. For each of the speculative instructions that generates an exception, the method then encodes a deferred exception token (DET) into an unused register value of a register of the CPU.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a system is provided, which system includes means for evaluating the instructions of the instruction set to determine whether the individual instructions are speculative or non-speculative. The system further includes means for assessing each of the speculative instructions to determine whether it generates an exception. Finally, the system further includes means, responsive to the means for accessing, for encoding a deferred exception token (DET) into an unused register value of a register of the CPU.
In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention, the floating point register is used to store the DET. In this regard, an unused bit sequence spanning the exponent and significand portions of the floating point register is used to encode a unique DET value.
Consistent with the inventive concepts, however, additional information pertaining to a given DET may be encoded and stored in association with the DET. In this regard, the floating point register may be used to store encoded DET values. The DET values are preferably stored in a plurality of bits typically reserved for exponent value delimiters of a floating point number. If, however, in the floating point register there exists a plurality of reserved or otherwise unused bit combinations within the exponent portion of the register, then a unique DET value may be encoded into an otherwise unused bit sequence and written into the exponent portion of the floating point register. With regard to the addition information that may be associated with certain DET values, this addition information may be encoded and written into a portion of the floating point register typically reserved for significand information. It is associated with a given DET value by being written into the same register as the DET value.
In accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention, but consistent with the inventive concepts and teachings, registers other than the floating point register may be used. What is significant for purposes of the invention, is that no additional bits need to be added to a given register. Instead, reserved or otherwise unused values are utilized to store encoded DET values. Further, the DET values may be encoded and stored among a plurality of registers having otherwise unused bit combinations.
A decoder may be used to identify encoded DET values for execution, recovery, or other appropriate action.
The accompanying drawings incorporated in and forming a part of the specification, illustrate several aspects of the present invention, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a computer system as is known in the prior art, and in which the present invention can be implemented;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a processor in which the invention can be implemented;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating system constructed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an interconnection between a plurality of general purpose registers and a DET encoder/decoder pair;
FIG. 5A is a block diagram illustrating the interconnection of a DET encoder/decoder pair with a floating point register of the preferred embodiment;
FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating the bit division of a floating point register of the preferred embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating the top-level operation of the system according to the present invention.
Having summarized the invention above, reference will now be made in detail to the description of the invention as illustrated in the drawings. While the invention will be described in connection with these drawings, there is no intent to limit the invention to the embodiment or embodiments disclosed therein. On the contrary, the intent is to cover all alternatives, modifications and equivalents included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
As an overview, FIG. 1 illustrates a generalized block diagram of a computer system 20 in which an embodiment of the invention may be implemented. The computer system 20 includes a CPU 22 coupled to memory 24 and one or more peripheral devices 26 via a system bus 28. The system bus 28 carries data and control signals to the CPU 22, memory 24 and peripheral devices 26. The memory 24 preferably includes Random Access Memory (RAM), but may also be implemented with Read Only Memory (ROM), or a combination of RAM and ROM. The memory 24 stores data for one or more programs that may be executed in the computer system 20.
FIG. 2 is a general block diagram of a CPU (or processor) 22 in an embodiment of the invention. The processor 22 includes multiple functional units 30, one or more register files 32, and an instruction unit 34. The register files 32 typically contain several general purpose registers 36 for storing values, addresses and possibly other data. The term "general purpose registers" can include floating point, fixed point, and predicate registers, to name a few.
As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the architecture of the processor 22 may vary, consistent with the concepts and teachings of the present invention. The particular illustrated architecture merely depicts the high level hardware design of a processor 22 in one possible embodiment. Speculative execution implemented according to the invention can provide performance improvement in a variety of CPU designs, including in particular CPUs with multiple functional units or CPUs with multiple pipelined functional units. In this regard, CPUs having multiple functional units are capable of parallel execution of instruction sequences. As discussed herein, a compiler for a given processor takes advantage of this parallelism when compiling code for execution on the processor 22. Part of this parallel processing includes the processing of speculative execution, and speculative execution is particularly effective in enhancing performance in Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW) computers.
In the processing of running a program, the CPU 22 carries out a series of instructions stored in memory 24. The instruction unit 34 fetches an instruction from memory via the system bus 28 and then decodes the instruction. Depending on the type of CPU and/or the scheduling method used, an instruction may have more than one operation. The instruction unit 34 issues operations to a functional unit 30 or to multiple functional units (shown as stacked boxes in FIG. 2). The instruction unit 34 sends control signals to a functional unit 30 to carry out the operation or operations in an instruction. In response to these control signals, the functional unit 30 reads data such as address or value from the appropriate registers in the register file 32 and performs an operation. For some operations, the functional unit 30 writes a result back to the register file 32. By way of example, for a memory store operation, the functional unit 30 reads a memory address and a value stored in the register file 32 and transfers the value directly to memory 24.
While the specific structure of the CPU 22 can vary, the invention provides support for speculative execution in processors that use predicates to control the execution of operations.
In accordance with the invention, one or more registers from the register file 32 are utilized to denominate "deferred exception tokens" (DETs) for speculative instructions that generate an exception. In this regard, the invention encodes otherwise unused bit sequences of one or more registers to denominate DETs. Advantageously, this avoids the addition of extra bits to registers for identifying DETs (e.g., "tagged" registers, "poison bits", etc.) as was done in prior art systems. As will be further described below, in the preferred embodiment, the floating point register is utilized to encode DETs.
By way of further discussion and clarification, instructions are divided into two classes: speculative and non-speculative. Initially all instructions are marked non-speculative. When the compiler schedules an instruction outside of the instruction's basic block, the compiler marks the instruction as speculative. Non-speculative instructions that encounter an exceptional condition generate an exception. Speculative instructions that encounter an exceptional condition do not generate an exception but rather write a DET into their destination, which is simply a note that the destination does not contain the correct result at this point. A non-speculative instruction that reads a deferred exception token generates an exception. A speculative instruction that reads a DET writes a DET into the instruction's destination (again the destination does not contain the correct result), this behavior is called "propagation." By placing a non-speculative instruction into the originating basic block of a given speculative instruction, and by configuring the non-speculative instruction to read a destination of the speculative instruction (or any location into which a DET may propagate), then a DET generated by the speculative instruction can be converted into an exception at the point at which control is passed to the originating basic block. After a DET is converted into an exception and the exceptional condition is corrected, then it is necessary to replace all previously generated DETs with correct results. This is achieved by a process called "recovery." Recovery requires the program to be augmented with additional code generated by the compiler. A system may choose not to include recovery code, e.g. to minimize program size, in which case the opportunity to defer exceptions is dramatically restricted. Since the present invention is not directed to a recovery method, this topic will not be further described herein.
It is conceivable to have every exceptional condition encountered by every speculative instruction generate an exception into the OS, and to have the OS either correct the exceptional condition (if the correction has no program visible side effects) or manually write a DET into the instruction's destination thus deferring the exception. The drawback of this approach is that generating exceptions into the OS is a high latency operation typically causing processor pipeline flushes and cache misses. In addition, the OS would be required to emulate any auxiliary operations of the instruction in software, such as address post-increment, further exacerbating overall latency. If this high latency operation were to occur on every exceptional condition on every speculative instruction the performance of a program with speculation may fall well below the performance of the same program without speculation.
A single program is typically composed of multiple "compilation units" or "modules". In many cases all modules are not compiled at the same time or by the same compiler. Further, through a process known as "dynamic linking" it is possible that certain modules are identified only during runtime and are therefore not known at compile time. The sharing of modules is a common practice in software development—e.g., libraries, and it is possible for different modules to be compiled with different degrees of recovery code—e.g., recovery for all speculative instructions, recovery for some speculative instructions, or no recovery at all.
In keeping with the description of the invention, reference is made to FIG. 3, which shows a generalized block diagram of the mechanism for storing DETs. A significant aspect of the present invention is the utilization of otherwise underutilized registers to store DET values. In this regard, one or more registers of the register file 32 are underutilized insofar as they have bit sequences that are either reserved or unused. Some of these unused bit sequences are utilized by the invention, wherein the invention encodes DET values into bit sequences that correspond to the reserved or unused bit sequences of the one or more registers in the register file 32. In operation, as speculative instructions are encountered that generate exceptions, the functional units 30 pass these instructions to an encoder 44, which generates a DET value that may be stored in a register of the register file 32. A decoder 46 may then be utilized to decode DET values stored within the register file 32.
One advantage of the invention is that, by utilizing otherwise unused register values for the DET values, it eliminates the need to add addition hardware to the CPU. In this regard, the Systems of the prior art added addition hardware in the form of additional gates (usually extra bits on existing registers).
Consistent with the inventive concepts, one embodiment may utilize multiple registers to store the various DET values. For example, FIG. 4 illustrates a system like that shown in FIG. 3, wherein the DET encoder 44 and DET decoder 46 may communicate with multiple registers 52, 54 that comprise a portion of the register file 32.
By way of comparison, U.S. Pat. No. 5,748,936, assigned to the assignee of the present invention, provided additional bits in a register file for DETs. That patent discloses on additional bit for each DET. A speculative look aside table (SLAT) is disclosed to store state information used to defer exceptions generated by speculative operations. In contrast, the present invention need not add the additional bits to registers, nor add the SLAT. Instead, the present invention utilizes reserved or otherwise unused values in existing registers to store this information. In the preferred embodiment, the present invention uses the floating point register 152 for this purpose.
The floating point register 152 may be in the form illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B. Although the bit structure of the floating point register 152 (or other chosen register) may differ among different CPU architectures, the preferred embodiment of the present invention utilizes the structure of FIG. 5B. In this regard, the floating point register 152 is an 82 bit register, having a one bit sign portion, a seventeen bit exponent portion, and a 64 bit significand portion. In the CPU of the preferred embodiment, the seventeen bit exponent portion of the floating point register 152 and the 64 bit significand portion, collectively, were underutilized, in that there were a number of bit sequences that were not utilized. Accordingly, one of these unused sequences was utilized to store a unique DET value.
In many instances, it may be desirable to associate additional information along with the DET value. Consistent with the concepts of the present invention, such additional information may be encoded and stored along with the DET value. Alternatively, is may be separately encoded and associated with the DET value (as by a lookup table). Further still, if, for example, some definable portion of the register (such as the exponent portion) were underutilized, then the remaining portion may be utilized to store an associate value of additional information.
It will be appreciated that the floating point register 152 utilized in the preferred embodiment of the present invention was selected because of the availability of unused bit sequences in that register. However, consistent with the concepts and teachings of the present invention, other registers may be utilized as well. What is significant for purposes of the invention is the utilization of one or more registers within the CPU register file 32 that have available bit sequences that may be encoded with DET values.
Reference is now made to FIG. 6, which is a flowchart illustrating the top-level functional operation of a system constructed in accordance with the invention. As illustrated, the operation begins with the system getting an instruction, from the program, for evaluation (step 62). Each instruction is evaluated to determine whether it is a speculative instruction (i.e., outside the current basic block) or not (step 64). If not, then the system will proceed in a conventional fashion (step 66). If, however, the instruction is evaluated to be a speculative instruction, then the system assesses the instruction to determine whether it generates an exception (steps 68 and 70).
If the instruction does not generate an exception, then the system proceeds in a conventional fashion (step 72). If, however, an exception is generated then the system generates a DET to indicate a deferral of the instruction. This DET is then encoded and written into a reserved or otherwise unused bit sequence of an existing CPU register (step 74). Then the system may then determine whether any additional information is to be associated with the DET (step 76). If so, then the additional information is encoded, if necessary, and written into available resister space. In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the DET value is written into the floating point register using an otherwise unused bit sequence of the exponent portion and the significand portion of the floating point register 152.
The foregoing description has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obvious modifications or variations are possible in light of the above teachings. The embodiment or embodiments discussed were chosen and described to provide the best illustration of the principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. All such modifications and variations are within the scope of the invention as determined by the appended claims when interpreted in accordance with the breadth to which they are fairly and legally entitled.
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|Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|Selectively monitoring loads to support transactional program execution
|14 Dec 2007
|24 Jul 2008
|Transitive Limited
|Condition code flag emulation for program code conversion
|10 Sep 2010
|30 Dec 2010
|Hong Wang
|Speculative multi-threading for instruction prefetch and/or trace pre-build
|19 Aug 2009
|24 Feb 2011
|International Business Machines Corporation
|In-Data Path Tracking of Floating Point Exceptions and Store-Based Exception Indication
|19 Aug 2009
|24 Feb 2011
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Insertion of Operation-and-Indicate Instructions for Optimized SIMD Code
|19 Oct 2012
|24 Apr 2014
|Philipp Becker
|Method and system for postponed error code checks
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|11 Feb 1999
Owner name: INSTITUTE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMERGING ARCHITEC
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:DOSHI, GAUTAM B.;MARKSTELN, PETER;KARP, ALAN H.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:009757/0213;SIGNING DATES FROM 19981221 TO 19990127
|11 Apr 2005
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
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Year of fee payment: 12


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Whether you're learning or teaching or just plain ol' doing the work, I hope you'll add my new book to your list of resources. It's The Graphic Facilitator's Guide: how to use you listening, thinking and drawing skills to make meaning.
The book described the 3 Powers of Graphic Facilitation (see sample chapter here) and 25 Principles around how to do the work. 300 pages full of drawings and stories to help you guide yourself through our complex and fascinating work.
I hope you'll check it out! Visit GraphicFacilitator.com for more info.
I welcome questions and feedback!
Views: 432
What a shame,that there's been no response on your post since monday.
I'm not so sure, if the forum on this site is really effective. I always see posts like yours with little or no answers. That's disappointing for the authors. I do not believe, that people are not interested in the topic- the simple question is, if the forum here is really needed as long as there are all these other social media places, where all of us are active.
I just wanted to drop that idea and send you BRANDY a big LIKE for your book. Can't wait until I hold my personal one in my hands.
:-) Guido
Hi Guido
You are right - theres is not much talk or comments in here. Neither on the FB page.
Maybe that should be a topic in Pittsburg: "What is our need for online dialogue - and what online channel is best suited for it"?
Jens Ole :-)
Hi Brandy - just ordered your book - cant wait to read it. Always been a fan of your visual skills and smiling face :-) So I guess your book is already part of my traveling library, when I'm on the road listening for images and drawing them for people.
Guido, send Brandy a copy of your "Wished Button" or rather LOVE button as I call it! Maybe there's a way to have a link of updates sent to forum members inbox (unless there is one and I don't see it?) I am not on forum everyday unless I see a link for update or posting an update! I Is it possible that not all members have seen/read a copy and are waiting? I am looking forward to getting my copy and having a good read-through! Congrats Brandy!
Hi Brandy,
Did you get your books? I'm of course eagerly awaiting mine!
Hello All. Guido and Jens Ole, I appreciate what you're saying about the murmur of conversation on this platform. Feels like Facebook took root as the place where the most people are posting + happy to see conversation on the IFVP listserv. For years, the IFVP listserv was 1 person posting and the 3 people asking to be taken off the list because there were too many emails. *shrug* So very happy to see listserv working + happy to have many discussion going on across platforms - even if it's hard to keep track of it.
Roberta, I got the books Monday and was able to ship out half the orders Monday. Yours is in the remaining half that goes out in Saturday's mail. I am so sorry for the wait. I will be as happy to have these shipped out as you will be to get your copy! Thank you for your patience.
Guido, I'm curious about the "Wished Button" Leslie-Ann mentions...
I <3 it!
Love this! I will definately get a copy.
I am a new practitioner and keep asking --"where is the book? "
Now I know and can read it.


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I love to cook, and sew and machine embroider. I also love learning about photography. I'm an RN. I also enjoy playing with computers. I love MAC's my iPhone and iPad.
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A faded peony blossom marks the aging year.
A faded peony blossom marks the aging year.
Toward the end of my latest senior portrait session, the senior pleaded with her mother to take a shot together. The mother, completely unprepared for this request, was hesitant at first but was soon convinced to do it. I myself had to switch gears completely and devise a pose and composition suitable to a mother/daughter portrait, and I don't think I could be more pleased with the result. The lighting, color, composition, poses, and expressions are all beautiful. The moment is captured wonderfully, and the message of mother and daughter love is unmistakable. In many respects I think it's one of the best portraits I've ever achieved.
This is perhaps the first of my Rework Wednesday series that I'm uncertain is much of an improvement over the original. I added a sepia tone and goosed up the contrast in a couple of different ways, and added a more prominent vignette. My thought was to give the impression that the sun was rising behind the windmill for some added drama (though the direction the camera is facing is straight north). I've never been fully convinced I should leave the power lines in but in the end I like the added depth they give to the shot.
This isn't one of my favorites, but I like this version better than the original.
Rework Wednesday – Windless by Anthony Bopp is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.
A portrait of a young man who works on our development team. He was kind enough to let me shoot a couple of portraits. I don't get to do enough of this sort of thing, but it's always fun when I have the opportunity. This day the sun was intense and low in the sky due to the season, but I was pleased with the results. I could have done with a bit few shadows across the face but all in all I think it's a striking image.
While finding out exactly how much of a pain in the rear it is to transfer a wordpress.com blog to a self-hosted blog, I found myself going through my backlog to regenerate some photos that had been lost in the process. This is from a year ago, and is one that I saw potential i that I missed the first time around. I did some quick color enhancement, though not much as you can see. The end result is a little busy but it's a nice isolation shot of fall that works for me as a suggestion of the changing of the season for a large forest.
Something I took in late fall when most of the world is brown and a struggling photographer can search endlessly for any splash of color in the world.
I took this shot in mid-October. The blue sky, red leaves, and position of the sun as it struck the glass lamps was particularly striking, and I spent quite awhile (as much time as the sinking sun would allow) trying to compose the shot just the way I wanted. Unfortunately, just the way I wanted didn't really exist. There was a building and several power lines in the way, distracting from a nice, clean shot. No matter how I angled my way around the scene, it just wasn't going to happen. I snapped a few exposures as the photographer's way of shaking his fist at the sky but left the scene in defeat, decrying once more the intrusion of man on nature.
Several times since then I've browsed the year's photo library and ran across the half-dozen shots I took here, trying to see if I could make something from nothing in post processing, but success eluded me. Until today. I looked at this one again and decided I would brute force a photo out of this if I couldn't do it any other way. So I loaded the thing into Photoshop and used the spot healing brush to get rid of most of the power lines. Then I used the geometric selection tool to create a block around the building, feathered the edges at 6 pixels, and carefully selected the begin and end colors of a gradient. A quick application of the gradient later, and voila! Most of my work had been done. There were still some lingering harsh edges that I took care of with the the smudge and paintbrush tools, and the result is something pretty close to what I originally imagined for the photo.


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25% gains from here for anyone holding for S & P's lowered price target of $5.
They estimate 2011 earnings of $1.05 per share at COCO!
Good College fund .
Until all the hack traders go away, this thing has no chance of recovery. This is guaranteed to drop to $3.00
yes... COCO should be around 5.60 ! Strong BUY !!
yes... COCO should be around 5.60 ! Strong BUY !!
We know
I'll agree Bump ( Back up my pickup )
Why not closer to its 10 year average of around 15 or more?? 5.60 WTF??? I'd still be buying at 5.60 if it wasn't 4.
If you hold long enough $10 plus per share is easy!
SP makes more sense than UBS
Great post, sanity will come back in these shares after today!
WHO CARES? They are idiots just like longs in this stock.
Barclays also has a $5 price target.


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Bridge Trading Company was founded in 1974 in St. Louis, MO by a group of self-motivated and industry-savvy investment banking professionals as a business unitMore
$5 mil. - $10 mil.in Revenue
20 - 50EmployeesContact people at this company
financial informationMore
Information Collection & DeliveryMedia & InternetMore
1610 Olive StreetSt. LouisMissouri63103United Statesview map
(314) 421-3136(256) 547-2558Fax
ProPub_Iteration_NT.411[02] SEIDXWK-22


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What is meant by "body asymmetry?" The term is used to describe when both parts of the body don't line up or appear in sync. It could be as simple as having a left foot slightly longer or wider than your right one. For runners, body asymmetry can mean a drooping right shoulder or outward-turning left knee.
But why do these things happen? In this video by Ian Adamson, former adventure-racing world champion and director of education at Newton Running, he uses himself as an example of someone who runs with several body asymmetries.
Does this affect his performance? Probably not. Two years ago, he was first masters finisher at the Badwater ultra in Death Valley.
Ian explains his body's anomalies — left hand higher than right one, right foot turning out, right shoulder off– as a result of past injuries. As he states, "Unless you know the history of a runner, you don't know why these things happen — but you can't stop what happened in the past."
So what happens is that the body compensates by making these minor physical adjustments.
Sometimes, one's body asymmetries aren't the consequence of a former injury, but can be the long-term result of habit or lifestyle developed in one's youth. Like in the case of Ethiopian running legend Haile Gebrselassie, four-time world 10,000 meters champion and former marathon world record-holder. He runs with his arms crooked, because he used to carry his books in his left hand on the long walk to and from school.
"Always you hold your book on the left side," he told one journalist from U.K.'s Daily Mail on the eve of the 2012 London Olympics. "You have to hold not just this book, otherwise it drops. To take care of your book, my left hand is not active. It is more relaxed."
Geb's barefoot-and-book-carrying school days left a permanent imprint on his body, even as an adult.
–Bill Katovsky
I dislocated my right knee when I was 19 years old and constantly had pain on-and-off in that knee for many years afterwards. When I was in my late 30's I started hiking to get fit and I wore all kinds of knee braces to try to avoid exacerbating the joint. After about a year of experimenting with different things, I was tired of wearing these devices and started analyzing my gait. I finally realized that when I walked I would lock my right knee, kind of like walking with a pegleg. I must have developed this gait over the years in response to my aching joint some time after the dislocation occurred. I had to re-teach myself how to walk properly by consciously remembering with every step to NOT lock my knee when I walked. Eventually the muscles in my right leg got stronger and I no longer needed to think about every step I took. I became a barefoot runner, trail running being my real passion, and have not had pain in my knee for almost 3 years now. I can't even say that I have a "bad knee" anymore because my right leg is equally as strong and as capable as my left leg is. Becoming a barefoot runner, I feel much more in tune with my body and I can't imagine my life without (pain-free) running.


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There are times Patrick Palmer probably wishes his days came equipped with a 25th and 26th hour.
Aside from maintaining a 3.5 grade-point average, the Franklin Community High School senior is on the verge of closing
out an athletic career in which all eight varsity letters were won during the fall season.
Four as a forward for the Grizzly Cubs' soccer program, four as a placekicker in football.
In this era of athletic specialization, it's not uncommon for a boys soccer player to try both sports for a year, two years at most, with the truly bold going for three.
Palmer is the rare exception.
"My mom said she wanted me to enjoy the high school experience, and one day my dad took me out to some random park to kick the football. It was so much fun," Palmer said. "Playing soccer all these years allowed me to adapt fairly quickly."
Palmer is a soccer player playing football — not the other way around. He's played competitively since age 5, whereas the pigskin bug didn't officially bite until the summer bridging his eighth-grade and freshman years.
In soccer, Palmer led Franklin to a 13-3-1 record by generating team-best numbers in both goals (26) and points (63). The Grizzly Cubs were ousted Oct. 9 by Martinsville in the opening semifinal match at the Center Grove Sectional, which allowed Palmer to focus solely on his football duties.
As Franklin readies itself for tonight's regular-season finale at Decatur Central, Palmer has made good on 6 of 13 field goal attempts and split the uprights on 28 of 29 point-after kicks. His 46 points ranks him first among the six Johnson County kickers.
"He's got a very strong leg and does everything we've asked of him, whether it's an onside kick or kicking off deep," said Franklin football coach Adam Reese. "Patrick is about as dependable as anyone I've ever been around. A very nice kid who has worked very hard. Even on days when I've told him he didn't have to be here, he shows up."
The athleticism needed to factor into soccer matches the way Palmer has during his high school career could make him a factor in football as something other than kicker.
He's reminded his football coaches of this.
"Now that soccer is over, I would like for the coaches to get me more involved. Maybe a wide receiver," Palmer said. "But I've had an amazing experience playing both sports and wouldn't trade it for anything. They're just fun."


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We are conveniently located on North Road just minutes away from Lougheed Mall making this physiotherapy clinic equally accessible for patients seeking Coquitlam physiotherapy and Burnaby physiotherapy. In fact, we have patients coming from all over the lower mainland because we are known for our one-to-one approach. This clinic's mandate is for all our clinicians to have the highest level of training in manual therapy and therapeutic exercise, and to constantly further their knowledge through post-graduate training.
Hours of Operation:
Mon-Fri: 7am-7pm
Sat: 9am-12pm
Burquitlam Physiotherapy has been awarded as a top Physiotherapy practice with some of "Coquitlam's best Physiotherapists".
Congratulations to the entire team!
Verified by Opencare.com


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May 27, 2016
Gassing and dashing, pumping and running or drive-offs...no matter what you call them as gas prices increase local gas station managers say they're on the lookout.
While nationally the crime may be on the rise, local and county authorities say there hasn't been a significant increase with the recent rise in gas prices.
The question is -- if the high prices continue will the crime remain low in mid-michigan?
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New Life Foundation is a mindful recovery community. We offer a rich learning space for those who would like to work on self-improvement, and personal development, and for people who are suffering because of stress, burnout, depression, abuse, and relationship or addiction issues.
Our unique program offers life coaching, daily workshops, meditation, yoga, tai chi, sustainable agriculture, natural building, addiction support groups, art therapy, Enneagram, TRE, relapse prevention, compassionate sharing, retreats, and much more. We also benefit from the skills and talents of our incredibly rich, and diverse community members, and have regular sessions of Tai Chi, Inner Dance, public speaking, performance practice, Biodanza, women's circle/men's group and more.
Our peaceful centre is nestled amidst the hills, and lakes of Chiang Rai in northern Thailand. It provides an ideal environment for healing body, and mind. Our mission is to cultivate a lifestyle that fosters inner growth. Within the New Life community, we are all actively engaged in learning from each other. Additionally, we believe that while all of us have suffering, and problems in our lives, we can use these experiences as the bases for gaining understanding of ourselves and life in general.
With support from the community, and guidance from the staff, each individual develops their own action plan, enabling them to discover their potential, and find meaning, and purpose in life again.
The foundation is a registered non-profit organisation. We aim to provide affordable support for all in need. We also offer both long- and short-term volunteering opportunities for those who would like to support our work.
Get to know us better or learn more about our program.


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nice and soft
Posted by Reviewer1382068 on Oct 12, 2010
Very relieving for dry and sensitive eye area, not much difference in wrinkles though. Can be a good base for eye make up.
it's also great for men.
Posted by Reviewer2568277 on Jun 06, 2011
I am using A Lab series eye cream. compared to Lab it is a little greasy. but when i put this around my eye area, it feels being healed my messy wrinkles. i guess it would be good for daytime.
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good product
Good under eye zone cream
Posted by Anechka on Apr 07, 2012
I think it`s good, smell is light, pleasant texture. I like derma e products.
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[2A] Five Minutes With
Byline: Kathleen MacKinnon
Pat Peterson: handwriting analyst
Lives in: Naperville
Works in: Naperville
Age: 50+
Essentials: Peterson, owner of Write Psychology Inc., analyzes handwriting samples for both personal and professional use. She also makes public appearances and lectures across the country.
Can handwriting analysis predict the future? Handwriting analysis does not predict, it just reflects the personality. It's listed under applied psychology.
What are some practical uses for handwriting analysis? To better understand yourself and your relationships. Vocational guidance. Businesses use it as an assist in the hiring task.
What does illegible handwriting suggest? What is the purpose for handwriting? To communicate a message. If you can't read it, you failed at the message. The person who does not write legibly - and I don't mean pretty, because there is a difference - doesn't want you to get the message. Putting it nicely, that means tact, diplomacy, negotiation ability.
What does size suggest? Someone who has large handwriting is more social, sees the big picture, where someone who has small handwriting is more introspective and detail-oriented.
Are people with small handwriting compatible with people with large handwriting? Opposites do attract. Recognize and appreciate the difference and learn to give where you can.
Should parents encourage their children to write bigger? Instead of trying to change the child's writing, appreciate what the child's got and feed the specialization ability of that child because then you have a potential scientist on your hands.
Should I follow closely how I learned to write in school? …


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Nashville, TN June 20-22, 2008
After a 3 year absence the Summer NAMM Show returned to Music City USA. Nashville feels like the rightful host for Summer NAMM. Where else can you get so much music and history. The 3-day event was again held in the Nashville Convention Center in the heart of downtown, just across the street from the Ryman Auditorium — historic home of the Grand ole Opry. NAMM reported a 36 percent increase in show registrants as compared to last year's show in Austin. As always, the (more…)
Archive for the 'Gretsch Events' Category
Summer NAMM Session – Gretsch Celebrates 125 YearsTuesday, June 24th, 2008
Nashville, TN June 20-22, 2008
Auction for Gretsch 6120 Nashville Signed by Kyle Petty!Friday, June 20th, 2008
From Thursday, July 10 to Sunday, July 20, 2008, Gretsch collectors and NASCAR fans everywhere will have the chance to bid on a new, one-of-a-kind Gretsch Nashville guitar autographed by racing legend Kyle Petty and support a fantastic cause in the process. The auction will be hosted on eBay here:
Kyle Petty Gretsch Guitar Auction
The Gretsch Company has teamed up with the 14th Anniversary Chick-fil-A Kyle Petty Charity Ride Across America, an eight-day motorcycle ride led by Petty which raises funds for and awareness of Victory Junction Gang Camp and other children's charities. Kyle Petty and his wife Pattie founded Victory Junction in 2004 in honor of their son Adam with the mission of enriching the lives of children with chronic or life-threatening illnesses by creating (more…)
Gretsch Takes Over the Winter 2008 NAMM ShowTuesday, February 5th, 2008
Kicking off the new year, the 2008 Winter Show was the busiest on record!
Anaheim, CA — With an official total of 88,128 registrants, this year's winter NAMM Show was the busiest on record. This semiannual event, hosted by the city of Anaheim, featured five main areas that allowed attendees to see, try and buy from the ever-growing array of musical products. Buyers, manufacturers and artists were treated to a dizzying display of the Music Industries top shelf merchandise.
As always, Gretsch and all Gretsch Products were on hand and showcased throughout the five halls of the convention center. Gretsch Guitars, Drums, Gear, Amps and Bigsby Vibratos seemed (more…)
Gretsch Bo Diddley Guitar AuctionFriday, September 15th, 2006
Gretsch Bo Diddley Signature Model Guitar Autographed by Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers!
Calling all Collectors!!
Gretsch Bo Diddley and Grestch designed this guitar in 1958. The signature model bears Bo Diddley's 'John Hancock' on the head stock of the instrument. On the neck of the guitar, the Grestch nameplate is proudly displayed.
This GRETSCH BO DIDDLEY signature model guitar has been signed by Tom Petty and all of the band members of the Heartbreakers. It was signed in 2006, marking their 30th anniversary. Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers are now on tour celebrating this monumental anniversary, making the guitar even more collectible. (more…)
Gretsch at Winter Namm 2005Wednesday, January 26th, 2005
Anaheim, CA January '05
With approximately 80,000 registrants, this year's NAMM Show broke attendance records for the second straight year. 1,428 exhibiting companies gathered from over 90 countries. Musical products from around the globe were showcased for all to see, play, and buy.
The Gretsch Company enjoyed its annual visit to sunny southern California as one of the more historic registrants at this year's 103rd NAMM. With 3 booth locales, Gretsch exhibited their much sought after guitars, drums, and trademark merchandise in celebration of "That Great Gretsch Sound." (more…)
Gretsch Musical Instruments and Georgia Music Hall of Fame Exhibit Lands at Hartsfield-Jackson International AirportTuesday, June 22nd, 2004
Atlanta, GA – Summer '04
The Gretsch Company has contributed an extensive historical exhibit of musical instruments and company artifacts for display at the Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport in Atlanta. The exhibit, organized with The Georgia Music Hall of Fame, is located in Concourse T of the Delta Terminal and stretches for over 300 feet. It is expected to be on display for several months.
Like the State Museum in Macon, the exhibit includes performance outfits, photos, instruments and various career memorabilia of Georgia's most cherished artists. Some of the items on display from Gretsch include guitar models such as the White Falcon, Anniversary, Nashville and Artist Signature Series; Bo Diddley, Elliot Easton and Brian Setzer Hot Rod. Drum fans will find an authentic Tony Williams Signature Series drum kit on display. A historical documentary video that encompasses the 120 years of That Great Gretsch Sound will run continuously throughout the event. (more…)
Gretsch at Winter Namm 2004Saturday, January 10th, 2004
Anaheim, CA January '04
With 1,340 companies exhibiting, this year's Winter Namm Show was the largest attended ever. The allure of new gear and warm weather, made sunny California the place to be during a monumentally cold January. Music Industry people packed the convention center floor for the four-day event.
This year, Gretsch Products were on display throughout the convention center. The much sought after Gretsch Guitars hung upstairs in the Fender Room. Among the many new and updated models issued for 2004 was a beautiful US Custom Shop White Falcon. Very Pretty! Gretsch Drums were featured at the Kaman Music Booth in Hall B. Several new model variations and color combinations were on display as well as the impressive new Catalog for 2004. (more…)
Gretsch Drums Celebrate 120th Anniversary With Gala Celebration!Saturday, November 8th, 2003
Story by GretschDrums.Com November '03
On June 13th, Kaman Music joined Fred and Dinah Gretsch as they commemorated 120 years of "That Great Gretsch Sound" with a special celebration dinner at the Hartford Club.
As guests arrived, each was personally greeted and thanked by Fred and Dinah Gretsch. Following dinner, Kaman Music President, Bob Saunders spoke of the Gretsch/Kaman relationship and presented the Gretsch's with a distinctive award – a beautiful Gretsch drum shell featuring each of Gretsch's badges through the years. Paul Damiano, Kaman's VP of Sales and Marketing and the Kaman Percussion Team presented Fred and Dinah with an award to celebrate the expanded box kit offering that Gretsch and Kaman have developed together. Modern Drummer Editor, Rick Van Horn was also on hand to present Fred and Dinah with an award to commemorate the milestone anniversary. (more…)


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Best sushi ever!!! Great atmoshere and great sevice!!! You've gotta try it.
Vote: BEST Sushi
The 2015 KCRA 3 A-List awards are based on more than 207,000 votes from local Sacramento-area experts.
Best Breakfast ⋅ Best Women's Boutique ⋅ Best Golf Course ⋅ Best Camp Ground ⋅ Best Cheer and Gymnastics


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Is there any API available to make Apps for StackOverflow. I want to make an App for SO. If there is an API, is in only for C# or can we use it with other languages like Python too?
Meta Stack Exchange is where users like you discuss bugs, features, and support issues that affect the software powering all 157 Stack Exchange communities.
What is meta?
What is meta?
Here's how it works:
- Any Stack Exchange user can ask a question
- The community provides support, votes on ideas, and reports bugs
- Your voice helps shape the way Stack Exchange operates
Yes, please visit the http://stackapps.com/
What kind of questions can I ask here?
If your question is about …
As far as I know there is an API. But it supports only the readable app. I mean through the API we can only develop a readable version of the App.


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May 25, 2016
Many local residents still have questions. Who pays in to Social Security and who receives the benefits?
Richard Wisdahl says, "Can the person who's going to be 30 years of age in another 20 years afford to have their parent be supported by them?"
U.S. Cong. Allen Boyd gave residents of Suwannee, Lafayette and Dixie Counties the chance to ask all of these questions and more at a Town Hall meeting in Live Oak Tuesday morning.
U.S. Rep. Allen Boyd, (D) Florida 2nd District, says, "I just wanted to have a dialogue with our constituents, in places live Live Oak, to tell them what the facts are."
Boyd spoke on the Social Security reform legislation he recently introduced in Congress. Boyd says the Kolbe-Boyd Bipartisan Retirement Security Act stabilizes the program and does not affect people 55 and older.
Boyd says, "What we're really talking about is how do we preserve the program for our children and our grandchildren? Those who are entering the workforce now and are going to enter later on. After all, they're the ones paying the payroll taxes to fund our benefits."
Residents say the meeting helped calm their fears on Social Security. Cong. Boyd also held a meeting at Leon High School in Tallahassee Tuesday evening. His next stops are in Quincy, Bristol, and Blountstown.
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Explore the Entrepreneurship.org Resource Center to find resources. Designed with entrepreneurs in mind, our resource center allows you to find materials to grow great ideas.
Adam Lowry, co-founder of Method Products, has spent the last decade developing sustainable products that caused major disruption in the consumer goods sector. Lowry offers many of principles that guide Method's path to success and he describes the different obsessions the company keeps to deliver on its promises to customers.
Thoughts and influences from early life continue to shape how Evernote CEO Phil Libin embraces his work. In this wide-ranging presentation, Libin shares key beliefs and provocative insights on startups, acquisitions and company exits. Based on his experiences leading multiple ventures from startup to commercial success, Libin urges entrepreneurs to chase dreams they would actually want to spend their life pursuing.
Among the newest business-excellence methodologies now available, Six DisciplinesT is growing in popularity as a holistic tool to help manufacturing entrepreneurs remain competitive against all comers. It's designed specifically to help small and mid-sized businesses ensure they are doing the right things at the right times. Goals include simplifying the quality management approach, fostering practical planning, and delivering effective, sustainable execution management. Many practical tools to implement the program are available.
In this special lecture, mother and son serial entrepreneurs Sandra and Andy Kurtzig share smart reasons for starting companies that matter. Sandra Kurtzig outlines similarities and differences between her previous ventures and her current company, Kenandy. Andy Kurtzig discusses his company, JustAnswer, and key lessons for entrepreneurs.
Rahul Sood, General Manager of Microsoft Ventures, is changing how we help startups accelerate. Targeting markets across the globe, Microsoft Ventures is bringing entrepreneurial mentoring, backed by Microsoft's products and support, to give their accelerator companies an unfair advantage in the market.
As Kauffman Labs helps grow and educate the entrepreneurial community through programs, events and workshops, we came across an aspiring gentleman with an idea. Nodir Abdullayev (Bek) has just recently found out about the entrepreneurial community in Kansas City and has made strides to become engaged since finding his first event through Kauffman Labs. Learn how Bek's first experience made him go from an aspiring entrepreneur to lean entrepreneur.
At age 25, Laura Sanko was a founding member of a startup that raised $3.5 Million from some world-famous investors and the Founder's Fund. The business model was simple: a website that rented high-end jewelry for special occasions for a fraction of the retail value of each piece. Three years later, the investment money was all gone and while the site continued to operate, it had failed to meet the investors' expectations.
Adam Berk had a vision of creating an online library where neighbors could borrow tools and electronics from one another. Why buy a fancy camera you only needed to use once for a big trip? Why invest the money in physical tools for a home remodeling project if you are never going to need them again? Adam and his best friend Dave spent 5 years creating this utopian community, neighborrow, powered by a new form of currency. Their business model was to eventually white label the product and sell it to large apartment buildings and others who wanted to facilitate a borrowing community. But they never achieved their vision.
Serial entrepreneur and investor Reid Hoffman encourages individuals to become the entrepreneurs of their own lives. Hoffman shares the importance of taking intelligent risks, building thoughtful networks and continually adapting your skills to navigate a fulfilling career path.
Passionate about her business and experienced in number-crunching, entrepreneur Carol Frank nonetheless neglected to patent her product and to insist on a signed contract from her supplier. Next thing she knew, a competitor was copying her design. In the litigation that followed, the U.S. Customs and Frank's insurance company turned out to be surprisingly helpful.
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text: Brand: Lur Style: 110602 Sizes: S - 2XL Fabric Content: Reparel ™ Whatever the activity, our Hoodie provides extreme comfort with a fit and weight that gives you the freedom of movement you crave. It is ready for any activity. Equipped with an inside pocket to fit your MP3 player or cell phone with a cord routing port for your earphones. Sleeves have reinforced thumbholes on the cuff. Cut large, so for a more snug fit, order 1 size smaller.


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Buy a mop
This review is from: iRobot Braava 320 Floor Mopping Robot
Pros: Can't think of any? Except if you like wasting money?
Cons: It is over sold by iRobot. Stop you have to restart. Only cleans 4 inches and not 12 inches is what the pads are. Don't waste your time or money because when you return it it will cost you $30.00 to ship it back if you buy it from NewEeg. I can clean the floor better by using a Swifter.
Other Thoughts: I have a Roomba and it does work all thought it can find its way back to the charger as it is supposed to do?
Did you find this review helpful?
This review is from: iRobot Braava 320 Floor Mopping Robot
Pros: Cheaper than other models, replaceable cloths, low profile.
Cons: I dislike the Braava 320.
Other Thoughts: Buy a really nice broom.
4 out of 4 people found this review helpful. Did you?
Charging instructions could be clearer
This review is from: iRobot Braava 320 Floor Mopping Robot
Pros: Nice and quiet. Fairly thorough although multiple hallways off of the start room seem to confuse it. Does a good job seeing as the cleaning pad is always pretty dirty when the floors didn't look that bad.
Cons: The charging instructions need to emphasize that the charging is complete not just when the power light is blue, but when the blue light is no longer flashing.
Did you find this review helpful?
Fastantic Device!
This review is from: iRobot Braava 320 Floor Mopping Robot
Pros: The Braava 320 does a thorough and fantastic job keeping the sealed hardwood and tile floors of my home clean and pet footprint free.
Cons: This really isn't a con if you read the manual first but battery charging takes 8-10 hours. The run time is quite sufficient to do 1/2 of my 2200 sq. ft. home one day, charge it, then do the other half the next day.
Other Thoughts: I'm a Disabled Vet, living alone, and the Braava has made my life much, much easier as I don't handle brooms or mops very well. I just can't stand long enough to take care of my floors like they should be.
4 out of 5 people found this review helpful. Did you?
iRobot perfect solution for my apartment
This review is from: iRobot Braava 320 Floor Mopping Robot
Pros: well I dont have to clean up after my Billie dog, she gets things pretty messy in our place, I get home and my house is clean more time to spend with Billie :) loving it very easy to clean and all you have to do is recharge it. Perfect for me I cant complain, might not be to useful for a huge house, but for apartments and small houses you cant beat this thing for the price.
Cons: wish it can get me a beer and talk to me when I am down and out, I think I watched too much of the Jetsons growing up!
Other Thoughts: get it you wont be sorry, iRobot has become a house hold name so you know you are getting great quality
11 out of 15 people found this review helpful. Did you?
Not useful for a medium/large home
This review is from: iRobot Braava 320 Floor Mopping Robot
Pros: It is quiet and cleans OK.
Cons: In mopping mode, it works for about 1 - 1.5 hours, cleaning about one small room. It takes about 8 hours to charge. So, it can only clean one room or two per day. It is really not power enough to be useful.
Other Thoughts: This might be good for a small house. But, for a medium or large one, this is not useful.
7 out of 16 people found this review helpful. Did you?
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Travelzoo members save 35% off summer rates plus cocktails, WiFi and discounted parking at the trendy W hotel in downtown Atlanta.
Travel options through August
Travelzoo members get unheard-of low rates at a chic resort that "delivers on all fronts for ... exclusive beachside vacations." (Oyster)
May 16, 2016 - Aug. 29, 2016
Trade the typical Florida beach for this intimate island resort where Travelzoo members can save an exclusive 50% on stays in an upgraded villa.
Travel through August
Florida residents can take advantage of reduced rates at Kessler hotels in the state with a deal that includes a daily $50 food & beverage credit.
This deal offers the choice between a couples retreat and a family escape. Both options include dining credits.
Sundays-Thursdays May-June and Sept.
Stay "smack dab in the center of Fort Lauderdale Beach" (Fodor's) with this exclusive deal that saves members over 55% off normal rates.
Travel daily through September
Take a break from the city grind at this 4-star beachfront resort where Travelzoo members can save on spring and summer stays, including weekends.
Travel through August
With this Travelzoo-exclusive deal, snag a rarely seen discount on summer travel to the Outer Banks.
Travel daily through Oct. 9
Watch the scene unfold at "one of the best places in town to be seen" (Travel+Leisure) with a deal that includes discounts on private cabanas.
Many Sundays-Thursdays through August
Avoid the frenzy of the Strip and stay at this 4-star resort loved by locals with a deal that includes exclusive perks for Travelzoo members.
Sundays-Thursdays, May 22-Aug. 31
Located on Keawapaku beach which Lonely Planet hails as a "showstopper" and a "perfect spot for an end-of-day swim."
Aug. 15 - Nov. 20; dates thru Aug. 14 also on sale
Please go to your email and confirm your subscription.


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What's up, Doc? The Adult Unisex Supreme Edition Bugs Bunny Mascot Costume is a spirited ensemble that includes a headpiece, gray jumpsuit, white gloves, and rabbit foot shoe covers. The molded mask features two long rabbit ears and Bugs Bunny's signature expression. Your next costume party will be a hit when you show up in this kid-friendly ensemble. The long sleeved jumpsuit showcases a gray body with white details on the chest, torso, and tail. White gloves are also included to give this party costume an authentic look. This official design will bring happiness to everyone! The included rabbit foot shoe covers are shaped like the character's feet and showcase white and gray material. Consult our online selection of party accessories to find additional items to add to the realistic look of this classic cartoon character!
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OMG!!! If you haven't been - GO! Maisie's is the best. Maisie comes from Tori's -- and has outdone herself here. Only found out where she was a short bit ago - and went immediately. Was oh so delighted!!! Great value! Very large portions.... gotta try the Lion King Roll - OUTRAGEOUS!!! Love you Maisie!
Vote: BEST Sushi
Great sushi. Large portions. Great value. Friendly staff.
Vote: BEST Sushi
The 2015 KCRA 3 A-List awards are based on more than 207,000 votes from local Sacramento-area experts.
Best Breakfast ⋅ Best Women's Boutique ⋅ Best Golf Course ⋅ Best Camp Ground ⋅ Best Cheer and Gymnastics


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A smile is a powerful weapon; you can even break ice with it.Peace begins with a smile.
There is always Music amongst the trees in the Garden, but our hearts must be very quiet to hear it. ~Minnie Aumonier
There is a sufficiency in the world for man's need but not for man's greed.
"Science is the belief in the ignorance of the experts" – Richard Feynman
"Cleanliness is half of the Faith." — Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
naseem completed this action: Contribute to have trees planted
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Switch off your PC Screen!!. Doing this since in August 2011.


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Hello friend,
I have an Apple MAcBook pro portable laptop with the Mac OSX, which is very much impressed with the features and the looks of that. I basically use this for the home and the outside entertainment along with some of the official works. I use to play the audio and the video file in the laptop, but there is a problem while I tried to play the .avi format file in the laptop it will not responding anything after the selection into the player. It requires a few programs to play the file into the player which one is I am using in y laptop, where as there is no problem with the .mov file. So anyone suggest me how to covert the .avi file into the .mov format? Or to play the .avi file in the player without any of the program. Any information will be appreciated


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Smooth, two finger action for quick, sharp cuts at an 'El Cheapo' price. This cigar cutter can't be beat, especially if you're prone to losing things or want a spare cutter on hand for emergencies. Cuts cigars up to a 54 ring. Buy a bunch of 'em and stop worrying.
Does the job for the price. Use it like the disposable cutter that it is. Don't expect it to last forever.0 0
This arrived with the blade slightly bent. Trying to use this is nearly impossible, the blades get stuck requiring two hand to use this cutter. For a real emergency this is still better than using a knife, but for regular use, please spend an extra $10 and get a real cutter.0 0


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Phone Cases
Creativity makes the world go round!by Inspire Me Print
Protect your iPhone with a one-piece, impact resistant, flexible plastic hard case featuring an extremely slim profile. Simply snap the case onto your iPhone for solid protection and direct access to all device features.
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Mariah Carey
Mariah Carey is one of Hollywood's top performers selling out in most locations . With several awards and hit albums Mariah Carey has continued to wow her fans while building a family with her husband Nick Cannon. Enjoy Mariah's pictures.
She is leaving "American Idol" in her past, and Mariah Carey couldn't be happier doing so. Serving as a judge alongside big names such as Keith Urban, Randy Jackson and Nicki Minaj, the "My All" singer revealed her true feelings about the show in an interview with Angie Martinez on Tuesday (November 12).
"Honestly, I hated it," she said. "Here's what it was. I was the first person who signed on...I thought it was going to be a three-person panel. They gave me a nice...monetary moment, and I was just like, 'Okay, Randy Jackson will be there; I've known him forever. He used to play bass for me. Like, this isn't a big deal. This will be nothing.'"
She's always been great about loving her Lambs (fans), and Mariah Carey showed up on "Late Night with Jimmy Fallon" to talk about a secret listening session she held earlier in the week.
The "Someday" songstress and Fallon invited a few super-fans to a recording studio to hear her new single "The Art of Letting Go," and halfway through the song she appeared in the room to reveal she'd been singing the whole thing live.
She's always been a fan of wearing her heart on her sleeve, and Mariah Carey poured her emotions into her just-released single "The Art of Letting Go."
Communicating with her fans via Facebook, the "Always Be My Baby" singer explained the feeling behind the song.
Using her sex appeal to sell records, Mariah Carey stripped down for the cover of her latest single "The Art of Letting Go."
Sharing the artwork on her Facebook fan page, the 43-year-old singer wrote, "14 days to go!!!"
She's had a long career filled with highs and lows, and Mariah Carey is putting her all into her new single "The Art of Letting Go."
Slated to drop on November 11th, the track is said to be an inside look at the "Always Be My Baby" songstress' sensitive side.
She struggled since July with a dislocated shoulder, and she sported some very cute and stylish arm casts, and today (October 11) Mariah Carey posted a Facebook status detailing the road to her healing, as well as some juicy details about her singing future.
"It's a huge deal, it should have taken eight months and even my doctors can't believe it," the sexy singer wrote. "It's been a long journey, the physical therapists have been incredible and I am very grateful to all of them for helping me."
He's celebrating his 33rd birthday today (October 8) and Nick Cannon received a sexy message from his wife Mariah Carey to make the occasion even sweeter.
The "Dream Lover" dame took a photo of her bra-covered breasts and uploaded it to Twitter where Nick (and anyone with an internet connection) was able to see it.
Always one to keep her loyal followers in the loop, Mariah Carey posted a new photo of her adorable family to her Instagram account.
On Sunday night (September 15), the "Always Be My Baby" posed for a fabulous picture along with her daughter Monroe, son Moroccan, and a family pooch pal.
Stepping out to show off their latest work, the cast of "The Butler" lined the red carpet at the film's New York premiere on Monday evening (August 5).
Turning heads in a little black dress and a bedazzled sling, Mariah Carey arrived at the Ziegfeld Theater on the arm of her hubby, Nick Cannon.
Preparing for what is sure to be a much talked-about film, the stars of Lee Daniels' "The Butler" attended a press conference at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York City on Monday (August 5).
Enjoying a return to the big screen now that her daily talk show is over, Oprah Winfrey wore a gray top and matching slacks as she smiled brightly for photos.
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- Sold for: Start Free Trial or Sign In to see what it's worth.
- Item Category: Advertising
- Source: eBay
- Sold Date: Nov 17, 2008
- Channel: Auction House
"Tiger Bill's Wild West" may not be as well known as the traveling shows of Buffalo Bill or Pawnee Bill but it toured for 24 seasons - a record second only to Buffalo Bill's Wild West which lasted 30 years ( Pawnee Bill's show lasted 23 years, and only six of the other 113 Wild West shows known to have existed lasted more than three years). The "Tiger Bill Show" originated in the 1890's and was owned by one "Doc Pike" better known as "Tiger Bill". For a number of years "Tiger Bill" and his show toured Michigan, Indiana and Ohio with a Michigan man named Dave Perriene. Pereiene bought out "Doc Pike" and at one time owned 2 Shows "Tiger Bill's Wild West" and "Bronco Joes Wild West". Sometime around 1905 Perriene sold "Tiger Bill's to Emett Snyder, forever after known as âeoeColonel Tiger Billâe. The Show traveled to Kentucky and as far south and west as Texas. In 1909 Col. Tiger Bill teamed up with legendary Circus Owner and Animal Trainer Colonel George W. Hall better known as "Popcorn Hall". This incarnation of "Tiger Bill's Wild West" offered many features of a traveling circus and menagerie and a consummate Wild West Show. In years to come âeoeCol. Tiger Billâe and son Leo (later known as âeoeTiger Billâe himself) traveled the United States as owners and managers of âeoeTiger Billâe~s Wild Westâe.
This fantastic and very rare piece of American Show Business & Traveling Circus History is unconditionally guarantee to be an original, ca1910, Chromolithograph Advertising Poster - it is not a reprint, reissue, or later copy - it was created, printed and distributed just after the turn of the century to advertise âeoeTiger Billâe(tm)s Wild Westâe traveling Show!! The poster is in outstanding condition - the colors are bright, vibrant, rich and warm. T are no stains, soiling, age toning, foxing or fading. T are no tears, chipping, significant edge wear, repairs or damage of any kind. The Poster has been cleaned and mounted on linen using archival materials and techniques. T have also been some professional repairs that are nearly invisible - a 6" tear that enters the sheet from the top between the letters "B" and "I" in "Bill" has been repaired by a real master (see the next to last scan below - look closely and you may be able to see the very light line that used to be the tear). T are also a few VERY small spots w the surface has been touched restored. Overall this outstanding Poster displays as near mint - it is stunningly beautiful!!! The Poster is 100%, unconditionally guaranteed to be original and of the period. This very rare and historically important Western Americana / Tiger Bill Traveling Wild West Show Color Lithograph Poster is offered , as always with no reserve and a 100% life time guarantee of authenticity. We are confident that it will attract the serious attention that it justly deserves!! Good Luck to all!! Overseasshippping is extra and cost will be quoted at bidders ...


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My Experience with ClearContext
Here's a review for you Outlook users… Although I use Gmail while on the move, I still have a large amount of emails stored in Outlook and over the years I've been already quite invested these desktop and synchronizations tools, and sadly am flooded with too much email clutter…. If you're frustrated like me, please take a look at this review of , an email organization plugin.
In a nutshell, this plugin sorts, color-codes, files, and organizes your Inbox messages into more manageable parts. For example, it determines your high priority work contacts and can bring up the Message Context to recall what you were talking about. Or integrates the email to Outlook tasks, schedules, and topics which are monitored by a global Dashboard… For me, my biggest email sin is that I leave emails unattended for weeks or months…instead if you aren't going to deal with it now… just 'put it on hold' with the Defer feature. Another great feature is Delegate. This helps with keeping track of emailed tasks to other people while tracking status updates.
Great product, simple to use, and saves time… nothing else really out there. And best of all the Personal version is free! Professional version is a bit pricey $89.95, but if you use Outlook often it'll be well worth it… (note: they also have a free trial).
Having an inbox down to zero is a great feeling, I would recommend at least considering their free demos.
Hope this helps,


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BGG : Analysis & Opinions
G.E. Stock: Analyzing 5 Key CustomersMay 12, 2016Learn about General Electric's five largest customers and the global demand for this iconic industrial manufacturing giant's ...
U.S. Manufacturing Starts To BoomApril 12, 2012With the Institute for Supply Management's PMI index rising for the 32nd month in a row, it's safe to say that the U.S. is ...
Strattec Security Looks To Lock-In PotentialFebruary 7, 2012While Strattec's margins have dropped significantly since its height in 2004, the company is showing signs of growth.
3 Reasons Toro's Going For The GreenJanuary 23, 2012There's more in Toro than meets the eye.
Industrial-Sized DividendsDecember 15, 2010With the economy beginning to move in the right direction, the industrial industry will be a major beneficiary of that growth.
Making Sense Of Generac's IPOMarch 2, 2010On February 11 Generac Power Systemsits shares began trading on Nasdaq at $13 a share, but is it a good buy?
Bristol-Myers Pays Healthy DividendsFebruary 12, 2009Bristol-Myers is among five companies with a great forward annual dividend yield.
Gentlemen, Start Your Lawnmowers (BGG)March 21, 2007There is value to be had in the world's largest manufacturer of lawnmower and garden equipment engines.
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