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Although β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology, loss of synapses is considered the best correlate of cognitive decline in AD, rather than plaques or tangles. How pathological Aβ and tau aggregation relate to each other and to alterations in synapses remains unclear. Since aberrant tau phosphorylation occurs in amyloid precursor protein (APP) Swedish mutant transgenic mice, and since neurofibrillary tangles develop in triple transgenic mice harboring mutations in APP, tau and presenilin 1, we utilized these well-characterized mouse models to explore the relation between Aβ and tau pathologies. We now report that pathological accumulation of Aβ and hyperphosphorylation of tau develop concomitantly within synaptic terminals.
AD neuropathology is traditionally characterized by the abnormal deposition of Aβ in extracellular plaques and tau in intracellular tangles. More recently, early intraneuronal accumulation of Aβ42, the most pathogenic Aβ species, has been described in AD (Alafuzoff et al., 2008; Cataldo et al., 2004; D'Andrea et al., 2001; Gouras et al., 2000; Ohyagi et al., 2005), Down syndrome (Busciglio et al., 2002; Cataldo et al., 2004; Gouras et al., 2000; Gyure et al., 2001; Mori et al., 2002), and transgenic AD mouse models (Lord et al., 2006; Oakley et al., 2006; Oddo et al., 2003; Sheng et al., 2003; Shie et al., 2003; Stokin et al., 2005; Takahashi et al., 2002; Van Broeck et al., 2008; Wirths et al., 2001; Zerbinatti et al., 2006). Further, transgenic AD mice develop physiological and behavioral abnormalities prior to plaques (Chapman et al., 1999; Holcomb et al., 1998; Moechars et al., 1999) but concomitant with intraneuronal Aβ peptide accumulation (Bayer and Wirths, 2008; Billings et al., 2005; Cruz et al., 2006; Echeverria et al., 2004; Knobloch et al., 2007; Lord et al., 2006; Oddo et al., 2003), supporting that intraneuronal Aβ peptides are involved in the initiation of AD pathogenesis (Gouras et al., 2005).
Evidence supports that Aβ accumulation precedes and promotes tau pathology. Crossbreeding of mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice with (Lewis et al., 2001) or intracerebral injection of Aβ into tau mutant transgenic mice (Gotz et al., 2001) led to enhanced tau pathology. In human brains with early AD changes or Down syndrome, intraneuronal Aβ42 accumulation in CA1 pyramidal cell bodies preceded hyperphosphorylation of tau (Gouras et al., 2000; Gyure et al., 2001). In the 3xTg-AD mouse harboring mutations in APP, tau and presenilin, intraneuronal Aβ accumulation in cell bodies preceded tau hyperphosphorylation, and Aβ antibodies reduced both Aβ and tau pathologies (Oddo et al., 2004; 2003). Recent evidence that behavioral deficits in transgenic mouse models of AD can be attenuated by reduction in tau (Roberson et al., 2007) further underscores the relevance in elucidating the biological mechanism(s) linking Aβ and tau. Here we analyze the relation between Aβ42 and phosphorylated tau in two well established transgenic mouse models of AD and utilize the anatomy of the hippocampus to co-localize both early Aβ42 accumulation and tau phosphorylation to synapses.
Aβ42 antibody AB5078P (Chemicon, Temecula, CA) is a rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against the C-terminus of Aβ42 that was previously biochemically characterized (Kamal et al., 2001). The specificity of this Aβ42 antibody was additionally shown by absence of immunofluorescence in cultured neurons derived from well-established APP knockout mice (Zheng et al., 1995) compared to wild-type mice (Almeida et al., 2006). The well-established antibody AT8 (Endogen, Rockford, IL) detects tau phosphorylated at serine 202 and threonine 205. MC1 antibody recognizes a conformational tau epitope in paired helical filaments (Jicha et al., 1997). Tau antibody 12E8 detects tau phosphorylated at Ser 262 and 356 (Litersky et al., 1996). AT180 tau antibody (Endogen, Rockford, IL) is directed against the phosphorylated Thr231 residue.
All mouse experiments were performed in compliance with the institutional guidelines of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Weill Cornell Medical College in accordance with the National Institutes of Health guidelines. Brain sections from Tg2576 mice, wild-type mice, and heterozygous 3xTg-AD mice at 5 and 13 months of age, were analyzed with at least n=2–3 mice per group. Preparation of tissue sections from Tg2576 mice (Hsiao et al., 1996) and 3xTg-AD mice (Oddo et al., 2003) was similar to that described previously (Takahashi et al., 2002). Mice were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (150 mg/kg, i.p.) and perfused via the ascending aorta with 3.75% acrolein (Polyscience, Warrington, PA) and 2% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (PB), pH 7.4. Vibratome-cut 40 µm tissue sections were kept in storage buffer composed of 30% sucrose and 30% ethylene glycol in PB at −20°C.
Vibratome-cut 40 µm tissue sections of human cortical brain biopsy tissue kept in storage buffer at −20°C was from neurologically normal controls (n=2; ages 44 and 54) and subjects with AD (n=2; ages 54 and 62) originally obtained from the Department of Pathology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, as a result of neurosurgical procedures unrelated to this study (Takahashi et al., 2004; 2002).
Immunolabeling for light microscopy was performed as previously described (Milner et al., 1998; Takahashi et al., 2004). Free-floating sections were incubated in primary antibodies for 24 h at room temperature and then for 40–48 h at 4°C (Chemicon Aβ42 antibody, 1:150; AT8, AT180, 12E8, 1:500; MC1, 1:10). The sections were incubated in biotinylated horse anti-mouse immunoglobulin (IgG) secondary antibody (1:400, Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) for 30 min, followed by the peroxidase-avidin complex (Vectastain ABC kit, Vector) for 30 min. The secondary antibody was diluted in 0.1 M Tris-saline (pH 7.6) containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA). The reaction product with the ABC kit was visualized after incubation of sections with 3, 3'-diaminobenzidine (Aldrich Chemical, Milwaukee, WI) and hydrogen peroxide. The sections were observed using a system consisting of a Nikon Eclipse E600 microscope (Morrell Instrument Co., Melville, NY) equipped with a computer-controlled LEP BioPoint motorized stage (Ludl Electronic Products, Hawthorne, NY), a DEI-750 video camera (Optronics, Goleta, CA), and a Dell Dimension 4300 computer (Dell, Round Rock, TX).
For immunofluorescence, free-floating sections were first incubated in primary antibodies (Chemicon Aβ42 antibody, 1:150; AT8, 1:500) for 24 h at room temperature and for 40–48 h at 4°C, followed by appropriate fluorescent secondary antibodies Alexa 488 goat anti-rabbit IgG (green) and/or Alexa 546 goat anti-mouse IgG (red) (1:500; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) for 1 h at 37°C. Nuclei were stained using 1 µg/ml Hoechst dye in PB (Bisbenzimide H33258, Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO). Images were taken using either a Leica DM IRB microscope or an Olympus IX70 microscope with a Hamamatsu digital camera.
Immuno-EM localization was performed as previously described (Takahashi et al., 2002). Free-floating sections for dual-labeling immuno-EM with Aβ42 (1:50) and AT8 (1:500) antibodies were first processed for immunoperoxidase localization with AT8 antibodies as described above. Sections then were processed by the immunogold-silver method for localization of Aβ42 antibody. For this, sections were incubated with goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugated to 1 nm gold particles (AuroProbe One; Amersham Biosciences, Arlington Heights, IL) in 0.01% gelatin and 0.08% BSA in PBS, pH 7.4, for 2 hours at room temperature. Sections were rinsed in PBS, postfixed in 2% glutaraldehyde in PBS for 10 minutes, and rinsed in PBS and 0.2 M sodium citrate buffer (pH 7.4). Conjugated gold particles were enhanced by treatment with silver solution (Amersham Biosciences). Sections were fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide in PB, dehydrated, embedded in EMBed 812, sectioned (65- to 76-nm thick), and counterstained with uranyl acetate and Reynolds' lead citrate. Final preparations were examined using a Philips CM10 electron microscope. Illustrations were generated from a high-resolution digital imaging CCD camera system (Advanced Microscopy Techniques, Danvers, MA) and processed using Adobe Photoshop 7.0 (Adobe System, Mountain View, CA). Aβ42 or AT8 immunolabeled profiles were classified as previously described (Takahashi et al., 2002). Somata were identified by the presence of a nucleus. Dendrites contained regular microtubule arrays and were usually postsynaptic to axon terminal profiles.
Since Aβ42 accumulates with aging especially in distal neurites of AD transgenic mouse brains (Takahashi et al., 2004; 2002), and since hyperphosphorylated tau localizes to dystrophic neurites around plaques in human subjects, as well as APP mutant transgenic mice (using antibodies AT8, PHF1, R27, R32 and Alz50) (Moechars et al., 1999; Otth et al., 2002; Sturchler-Pierrat et al., 1997), we investigated whether there was a relation between Aβ42 accumulation and hyperphosphorylated tau in dystrophic neurites of Tg2576 mice harboring Swedish mutant APP. Remarkably, hyperphosphorylated tau (using antibody AT8) co-localized with Aβ42 within dystrophic neurites around plaques (Fig. 1A). We next examined alterations in tau, considered normally to be an axonal protein, in relation to Aβ42 in dystrophic neurites around plaques in Tg2576 mice at an ultrastructural level, utilizing dual-labeling immuno-EM. Tau was hyperphosphorylated and mislocalized, near to sites of Aβ42 within dendritic profiles, including postsynaptic compartments (Fig. 1B,C). Hyperphosphorylated tau was evident on tubular-filamentous structures and in clusters associated with the microtubule network near to Aβ42 immuno-gold particles. Similar localization of hyperphosphorylated tau near sites of Aβ42 in neurites was also evident in human AD biopsy brain tissue (Fig. 1D).
To further elucidate the relation between Aβ and tau, we next examined brain sections from 3xTg-AD mice, which develop neurofibrillary tangles as well as prominent early intraneuronal Aβ and subsequent plaques (LaFerla et al., 2007). Notably, prior to plaque formation, Aβ42 immunoreactivity in the CA1 region of the hippocampus of 5 month old 3xTg-AD mice was not only prominent in CA1 pyramidal neuron somata, but was also pronounced in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare (SLM) (Fig. 2A). The SLM contains the postsynaptic compartments of distal CA1 apical dendrites. In fact, band-like plaque deposition in the SLM of the CA1 region is often evident in images of the hippocampus in published studies on transgenic mouse models of AD. Remarkably, we noticed that hyperphosphorylated tau (AT8) was especially prominent in the SLM of CA1 in these 5-month-old 3xTg mice (Fig. 2A). A similar pattern of immunoreactivity in the SLM was also evident using additional phospho-tau specific antibodies (antibodies AT180 and 12E8; data not shown) and the abnormal tau conformational specific MC1 antibody (Supplementary Fig. 1). Such SLM staining is also evident, although not specifically commented on, in the original study characterizing tau phosphorylation in 12-month-old 3xTg mice using antibodies AT8, PHF1 and MC1 (Oddo et al., 2003). At 13 months of age, when 3xTg-AD mice deposit further plaques and intraneuronal Aβ42 declines in CA1 pyramidal somata, the SLM remained the most prominent site of both Aβ42 and hyperphosphorylated tau in the CA1 region, evident as the yellow staining (overlap of Aβ42, red, and AT8, green) of the SLM (Fig. 2B,C).
To determine whether Aβ42 and hyperphosphorylated tau within SLM of 3xTg-AD mice were intraneuronal and to investigate their potential subcellular relation, we again used dual-labeling immuno-EM. Remarkably, in the SLM, hyperphosphorylated tau specifically localized to CA1 dendritic profiles and their postsynaptic compartments, and in particular those demonstrating Aβ42 accumulation (Fig. 3A, B). In some Aβ42 accumulating neurites, AT8-positive filaments were tangled (Fig. 3C, inset).
We quantified the number of identifiable dendritic terminals in a total area of 1406 µm2 in the Aβ42/AT8 dual-immuno-EM images of the SLM of 13 month-old 3xTg mouse brain. We stratified them as Aβ42-gold and AT8-peroxidase negative/negative, positive/negative, negative/positive and positive/positive. Of a total of 72 identifiable dendritic terminals, the majority (78%) were either −/− or +/+. Specifically, 48.6% were −/−, while 29.2% were +/+. Considerably fewer dendritic terminals were only positive for Aβ42 (13.9%) or only positive for AT8 (8.3%).
We noted that dendritic terminals positive for AT8 were positive throughout the length of their course within the plane of the EM section. In contrast, Aβ42 gold localized to discrete locations within post-synaptic compartments. This discrete labeling pattern could lead to an underestimation of Aβ42 relative to AT8-labeled tau. There should not be false negatives for AT8, while false negatives are expected for Aβ if gold labeling is either above or below the plane of section in a given dendritic terminal. Additional factors resulting in underestimation of Aβ42 relative to AT8 include: (1) immuno-gold labeling identifies less antigen than immuno-peroxidase using our dual-immuno EM method. (2) Aβ42 antibodies have conformational specificity, so that not all Aβ species are detected. We previously showed that another Aβ42 end-specific antibody predominantly reacts to Aβ42 monomers (Takahashi et al., 2004). The Chemicon Aβ42 specific antibody similarly reacts preferentially to monomers on Western blot (data not shown).
Overall, the Aβ42/AT8 dual immuno-EM supports the conclusion of co-occurrence of Aβ and tau pathologies in dendritic terminals of the SLM. In contrast to labeling of dendrites, Aβ42 and AT8 did not co-occur in axons/pre-synaptic terminals in the SLM of 13-month-old 3xTg-AD mice.
Decline in the level of intracellular Aβ42 in neuron somata with plaque pathology (Gouras et al., 2000; Mori et al., 2002; Oddo et al., 2003) has been a critique regarding the importance of intraneuronal Aβ (Duyckaerts et al., 2008). It was proposed that intraneuronal Aβ42 declines from the emergence of extracellular Aβ plaques (LaFerla et al., 2007). Alternatively, peptide competition from abundant Aβ42 within plaques was hypothesized to lead to the erroneous appearance of reduced intraneuronal Aβ42 (Gouras et al., 2005). To test this latter possibility, we now co-processed CA1 hippocampal sections of 3xTg-AD mice with marked intraneuronal Aβ42 either with sections with or without plaques. Co-incubation with plaque-containing compared to non-plaque-containing sections had no influence on intraneuronal Aβ42 (Supplementary Fig. 2). This new data argue against peptide competition and confirm the age-related reduction of intraneuronal Aβ42 in cell bodies. Indeed, immuno-EM studies emphasized age-related intraneuronal Aβ42 accumulation within dystrophic neurites and synaptic compartments rather than in cell bodies of Tg2576 mice with aging (Takahashi et al., 2002). In contrast to Aβ42 accumulation, hyperphosphorylated tau (AT8) labeling is present throughout the cytoskeleton in vulnerable CA1 pyramidal neuron cell bodies and their apical dendrites by immuno-EM in older 3xTg-AD mice (Fig. 3D).
The relationship between Aβ and tau is a central question in AD research, and synaptic alterations are the best correlate of cognitive dysfunction in AD (Coleman and Yao, 2003). Although plaques and tangles are not obviously linked to synapses, our work shows that Aβ and tau pathologies co-occur at synapses. Taking advantage of the welldefined anatomy of the hippocampus, we found that Aβ42 accumulation and the mislocalization and hyperphosphorylation of tau in the CA1 region occurred early and prominently in distal dendrites and postsynaptic compartments of pyramidal neuron apical dendrites in the SLM of 3xTg-AD mice. Ultrastructural analysis of the SLM was required to show that these events were in fact intracellular. Our data emphasize synapses not only as early sites of Aβ42 accumulation but now also link the initiation of tau pathology to Aβ42 accumulation in postsynaptic terminals.
We highlight that with age, intraneuronal Aβ42 decreases in cell bodies but not in dystrophic neurites and synapses. In contrast, tau phosphorylation is maintained throughout cell bodies and apical dendrites in 3xTg-AD mice. Our data provide new insights into the apparent anatomical dissociation of plaque and tangle pathologies in AD. Aβ42 accumulates progressively in distal processes whereas after initial increases, Aβ42 declines in cell bodies, with plaques developing preferentially in distal processes and synapses. In contrast, hyperphosphorylated tau develops throughout processes and cell bodies, with tangles eventually developing in neuron cell bodies and neuropil threads in neurites. We hypothesize that extracellular release of Aβ from degenerating neurites might up-regulate Aβ42 (Glabe, 2001) within adjacent synaptic compartments, leading to the synaptic spread of AD. Our present data emphasizes pathology in postsynaptic CA1 apical dendrites, because of the well-defined anatomy of the hippocampus, although post- and also pre-synaptic compartments with intraneuronal Aβ42 accumulation develop at other sites.
In summary, we show that tau alterations are spatially associated with intraneuronal Aβ accumulation, providing a link between plaques and tangles, the two neuropathologic hallmarks of AD. Aβ and tau pathologies develop in synapses, a key observation given the importance of synaptic alterations in cognitive dysfunction in AD. The spatial association of Aβ accumulation with tau pathology within neurites and synaptic compartments reinforces the importance of intraneuronal Aβ accumulation in AD.
Sections of 3xTg-AD mouse hippocampus show abnormal tau conformation with MC1 antibody already in 5-month-old 3xTg-AD compared to wild type mice (A, B). Notably, abnormal tau conformation immunoreactivity was not only prominent in CA1 pyramidal neuron somata, but was also pronounced in the SLM (plus sign). Progressively increased MC1 immunoreactivity was observed at 10 month of age. (C). No positive labeling was observed in 5 or 10 month-old wild-type mice (B, D). Insets: Higher magnification of the SLM. Abbreviation: SLM, stratum lacunosum-moleculare. Scale bar: 100 µm.
Sections of AD transgenic mouse CA1 hippocampus with high intraneuronal Aβ42 staining (5 month old 3xTg-AD mouse; A and C) were co-processed either with sections without plaques (2 month old Tg2576 mouse; B) or with high plaque burden (23 month old Tg2576 mouse, D). Co-incubation with the high plaque-containing section did not reduce levels of intraneuronal Aβ42 in CA1 pyramidal neurons of 3xTg-AD mouse (C) compared to co-incubation with the no plaque-containing section (A), arguing against peptide competition from Aβ42 within plaques as a cause of reduced intraneuronal Aβ42 immunoreactivity. Note also the age-related reduction of intraneuronal Aβ42 in the CA1 neurons in the section from the 23 month-old compared to the 2 month-old Tg2576 mouse. Scale bar: 100 µm.
Supported by an Alzheimer's Association Zenith award and National Institutes of Health grants NS045677, AG027140, AG028174 (GKG), and HL18974 (TAM). We thank Drs. Claudia Almeida, Jordi Magrane and Davide Tampellini for helpful discussions. We thank Drs. Frank LaFerla, University of California at Irvine, and Karen H. Ashe, University of Minnesota, for the 3xTg-AD and Tg2576 mice, respectively. We thank Dr. Peter Davies, Albert Einstein University School of Medicine for providing tau antibody MC1 and Dr. Peter Seubert, Elan Pharmaceuticals, for tau antibody 12E8.
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By: Kara Duffy
June 26, 2013
Albany, GA - Celebrity chef Paula Deen hasn't always called the Food Network home. There was once a time she lived in Albany, Georgia; in a house that's soon to become, "The Paula Deen Museum."
"It's the house that she was raised in, in the 50's and she lived in this house for 8 to 10 years before her dad died," said B.J. Fletcher, the President of the Board for the "Paula Deen Museum."
Fletcher says the house will be fully furnished with it's original furniture from the 50's.
It'll be moved from it's current undisclosed location, and relocated to the Thronateeska Heritage Center.
The center is located in the heart of downtown Albany, which organizers say makes it a prime location for tourists.
"They come; they get off the interstate, and visit us; they eat," said Fletcher. "We've got over 600 restaurants in this community, many of them are mom and pop's, that you're not going to find, and that's what we hope to accomplish with this."
There were mixed reactions when we asked our WCTV Facebook friends if they would attend the museum.
Thomas W. said, "Yes I would, we have all done things that are wrong, she admitted what she did, apologized and for that I have a lot of respect for her."
Jamie S. said, "H*** No! The fact that she admitted using the N word is unacceptable. Idc what the situation is or was, nobody whether you're black or white, should use it"
Deen appeared in her first televised interview Wednesday morning.
She broke down into tears, saying that anyone in the audience who's never said anything they've regretted, should pick up a rock and throw it at her head.
"This isn't a time to kick her down," Fletcher said. "This isn't a time to judge. It's a time to listen."
Fletcher said the museum is scheduled to open by the end of this year, just in time for the holiday season.

subset: commoncrawl


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Learned during the broadcast of their game versus WVU that his nickname is "Jorts", they then cut to a shot of his dad who was wearing a camo UK cap…nice of Calipari to keep the essence of Kentucky on the team if only a little bit
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Additionally — and possibly more importantly — come this Fall, the gentelman behind him will be starring in "Irish Ghoulies".
[via Yahoo NCAA]
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3 Comments
Jorts? The ghoulish look on each of their faces in this shot makes me think rather of "sharts," but hey whatever.
Nah, that's just 4 years of academia showing its ugly face


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Old Time Hot Dog Sauce
This tasty Coney Island-style favorite that we call our Old Time Hot Dog Sauce will bring back memories of hot dogs on the grill in summer!
Serves: 10
Cooking Time: 20 min
What You'll Need:
1 pound ground beef
1 onion, chopped
1 (15-1/2-ounce) can tomato sauce
2 tablespoons chili powder
1/2 teaspoon cumin
1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
1/4 teaspoon salt
1/4 teaspoon black pepper
1/2 cup water
What To Do:
1. In a large skillet over medium heat, sauté ground beef and onion 6 to 8 minutes or until beef is browned,stirring often.
2. Add remaining ingredients, stirring to combine. Bring mixture to a boil, lower heat, and simmer 7 to 10 minutes, or until heated through and well combined, stirring occasionally.
All that's missing is a big bowl of our cool and crunchy cole slaw!
Read more at http://www.mrfood.com/Relishes-Sauces-Seasonings/Old-Time-Hot-Dog-Sauce-3799#0LXBpKomYdA3Saq0.99


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November 10, 2015Reviewer: Joan in New JerseyCan't get enough so am glad it's portioned in small bags that are sufficient to eat, and I will add they taste quite authentic to any other good chocolate almond candy brand.
March 31, 2015Reviewer: Larry in CaliforniaI have tried almost every Atkins "treat" and these are probably one of the top 2. Great!
December 02, 2014Reviewer: Leslie in IllinoisPretty tasty. The chocolate, as is common in sugar-free chocolates, doesn't have the smooth, creamy flavor of a good milk-chocolate but it is still quite good and isn't as heavily loaded with sugar-alcohols as a lot of sugar-free chocolate.
July 18, 2014Reviewer: A customer in New Jerseybetter to buy natural dark chocolate covered almonds. these are cheap small almonds with a fake waxy chocolate coating. i understand they have to use their sugar free chocolate but it doesn't have the richness of real chocolate. and real dark chocolate doesn't even have a lot of sugar in it anyways so why not just get the real thing.


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88 Seconds in Greensboro
Airdate: January 24, 1983
It could be called a dark Southern tale: right-wing extremists and left-wing extremists in a gun battle in Greensboro, North Carolina. In 88 seconds, five are left dead. Tonight on FRONTLINE, an inside story behind those 88 seconds in Greensboro.
Six Klansmen and American Nazis went on trial for the Greensboro killings two years ago. They were acquitted by an all-white jury. The jury was persuaded that they had fired in self-defense at the Communist demonstrators who were also armed. The Communists boycotted the trial and refused to testify. But our report tonight is not about that trial.
Instead we examine new evidence that suggests law enforcement agencies had good reason to know a dangerous confrontation was imminent and perhaps did nothing to stop it.
There was a paid police informer inside the Klan. Two key points to note while watching this program: one, the Greensboro police and federal law enforcement agencies told FRONTLINE they cannot answer any direct questions about their involvement. They're being sued by relatives of the dead demonstrators. And two: this is about a bitter political confrontation. It contains scenes of violence, strong language, racial slurs.
The film's director is William Cran. The reporter for FRONTLINE is James Reston, Jr., who has written extensively on civil rights and the South.
I'm gonna go to work on Monday,
One more time, one more time!
I'm gonna go to work on Monday,
One more time!
This is Morningside Homes in Greensboro, North Carolina, an almost entirely black working class neighborhood, where many residents labor in the textile mills nearby.
I'm gonna go to work on Monday,
One more time!
I came here to the spot where five Communists, who were trying to organize textile workers, were gunned down in an attack by the Ku Klux Klan. I came three years later because haunting questions about police negligence remain unanswered. At almost the same time on a bright Saturday morning shortly after 11:00 A.M., demonstrators convened in Morningside.
Smash the Ku Klux Klan,
We shall not be moved...
Many were members of the Communist Workers Party. And they planned to stage a "Death to the Klan" march through the streets of the city.
We shall not be moved!
We'll fight
For truth and justice...
They dared the Klan to attend. Some expected violence. Some wore hard hats and others concealed weapons.
We shall not be moved!
But everyone was surprised when suddenly a man in a yellow pick-up truck shouted out, "You asked for the Klan! Now you've got 'em!"
Eight cars followed, containing 35 Klan and Nazis. In 88 seconds, 13 demonstrators will be shot, five fatally.
Death to the Klan!
As Klansmen up the street fired the first two shots, there was a puff of smoke. By now, the demonstrators are firing back. But no Klansmen were shot. Nonchalantly, the intruders returned their shotguns and their semi-automatic rifle to the blue Ford Fairlane. The police will not arrive for another two minutes.
God! My God!
Where in the heck are the damn cops?
We don't want the cops! We want doctors! They had it planned!
Help us! Help us!
Come here!
Get an ambulance! Get 'em right here!
Goddamn bourgeoisie did this!
The cops did this!
The Klan and the state got together and planned this.
That's why there were no cops here, do you hear me?
The state protects the Klan and this makes it clear.
They came through and they opened fire. They opened fire on us!
And we fired back to protect ourselves.
Later, the police professed confusion over the convening point and the starting time for the march. But as some demonstrators told four television crews who were there:
The Klan, or whoever it was jumped out and just started shootin' in the direction of the thickest concentration of people. They seemed to be aiming at particular people. There were several police in the area who did nothing until after these murderers left. Police came in and immediately started arresting people who were trying to help those who had fallen. Nelson Johnson, you know, was taken into custody, kicked in the head by the police. He was bleeding from the arm as he was trying to help people. The police did this, directly or indirectly. They set it up.
By nightfall most of the Klan and Nazis had been apprehended. The Communists' assertion of police complicity seemed predictable and was generally ignored.
But one man driving home knew more about the role of the Greensboro police.
Following "World News Tonight" ... Death to the Klan!"
His name was Edward Dawson. He had been the man who shouted from the yellow pick-up truck, "You asked for the Klan! Now you've got 'em!"
Death to the Klan!
Edward Dawson was a paid police informant. And he had been in the vehicle that led the Klan to Morningside. Late that night, Dawson tape-recorded his story.
The people were chanting: "Death to the Klan! Death to the Klan!"
He would reconstruct his story fully for the first time on television.
A shot rang out and people to my left started to run.
In the trial where four Klansmen and two Nazis were acquitted, Dawson was never called as a witness.
By this time a lot of shots were ringin' out. Buck came back and got in the truck and told me that a couple of people were killed. He did not know whether they were Klansmen.
While much of his story remains ambiguous, his case raises disturbing questions about how one police department used an informant inside the Ku Klux Klan.
Speaker: Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen! Welcome to the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan rally tonight! We're gonna start out tonight with a band playing "Dixie on My Mind." So let it go.
A reformed alcoholic and gambler, he was a loner. He joined the Klan out of curiosity -- he says, for the fellowship. His FBI file labels him "an extremist informant." Twice he was convicted of cross-burnings and violent night rides. He found his double role in meetings like this comfortable and exciting. But after the trial, when Dawson was exposed as an informant, his old Klan klavern, headed by Virgil Griffin, led the November 3 events at his door.
Speaker: I'd like to take this time to introduce a man who has done a very fine job for the invisible empire, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. None other than the Grand Dragon, Mr. Virgil Griffin.
Griffin: We got a little scum down in Greensboro by the name of Eddy Dawson! People want to know, do you want him killed? No, I don't want him killed! I want the children to look at the scum and let him know he's a Judas, let him know he sold his white race out. I want him to go hearty, nobody havin' nothin' to do with him. Eddy Dawson sold out his white race of people and his country to the FBI and the police. And then he sold them out to the Communist Party. He led them into a trap, he led the Klan into a trap, and now he has nowhere to go.
Soon the Communists joined the Klan in painting Dawson as the mastermind behind the killings. All over Greensboro posters charged Dawson, along with a federal agent inside the Nazi party, with murder. But was Dawson the mastermind or the scapegoat?
His career as an informant began 10 years before the Greensboro killings. Ed Dawson had one thing the FBI dearly wanted: access to the inner circle of the Klan. And they knew how to get a handle on Dawson. His trouble with the law made him ripe for recruitment.
Dawson: We were charged with terrorizing the citizens of Alamance County, assault with a deadly weapon with intent to kill and murder, and two charges of breaking and entering, and two charges of destroying property.
Reston: You served nine months.
Dawson: This is correct, yes.
Reston: That's not the first time you were ever in jail, was it?
Dawson: In the state of North Carolina?
Reston: No, I said in jail, period.
Dawson: In the army, I was in jail, yes.
Reston: Yeah, what was that about?
Dawson: AWOL.
Reston: In wartime?
Dawson: In World War II, yes. I went in in 1941, in the army.
Reston: Well, that really was desertion, wasn't it?
Dawson: At that time they charged me with the 58th Article of War which was desertion, yes. I could have been executed.
Reston: And you were convicted and sent on to jail for that.
Dawson: I was sent to prison, yes.
Reston: Then moving on, two years later after you got out of jail, there was another incident in eastern North Carolina, in Swan Quarter.
Dawson: This is correct, yes.
Reston: And did that lead to a conviction?
Dawson: Yes, it did. We got five years, one year suspended for five and a $1,000 fine. And that's what helped irritate me something furious. They refused to pay the fine. We had to pay that out of our pocket.
Reston: You were furious at the United Klan...
Dawson: Oh, definitely. Definitely. Without a question of a doubt. One word led to another and I called them all a bunch of thieves.
Reston: OK, shortly thereafter you were approached by the FBI.
Dawson: This is correct, yes. Maybe two months later.
Reston: And your bitterness in relation to the United Klans of America was part of the pitch they made to you.
Dawson: Oh, I imagine they knew it. They had an informant, evidently at that meeting and told them how hot I was. And they figured I was ripe, the FBI.
Reston: Ripe for what?
Dawson: To become an informant for them. And the agent talked to me and talked to me and I turned him down. I turned him down for about six weeks before I would even consider listening to him. And then I agreed I would work for them for one year, give them the information that they wanted, providing that they could get me off probation.
Reston: He appealed to your bitterness against the United Klans. Did he also threaten you to send you up the river?
Dawson: Definitely not. Not at that time, no.
Reston: So there was no carrot and stick?
Dawson: There was a little statement made. He had a stack of papers on his desk there, this special agent from Greensboro, here. And he went through these papers. When I refused to cooperate with him, more or less, and he said, maybe if we go through these papers real fine, maybe we can find something and send your ass up the river. So I says, if that's the way it has to be, that's the way it has to be.
Reston: In the period from 1969 to 1977 you served as an informant to the FBI?
Dawson: This is correct, yes.
Reston: How much did they pay you?
Dawson: They paid you $25 for a regular meeting. They paid you $50 for a state meeting. For travel, 10 cents a mile.
Reston: And were you paid any bonuses for any special information that you would bring in?
Dawson: They would have paid bonuses, yes, I understand. I never had the privilege.
Dawson: If you was a police informant on that particular day of November 3, 1981, would you have handled it the way I handled it?
At late night coffee shops, Dawson sometimes meets fellow informants. This is Reverend George Dorsett, who for many years was an inflammatory figure as a Klan leader.
IN COFFEE SHOP (Continued)
Dawson: Well, the press did cover this. They were down there.
In 1975, a Senate investigation exposed Dorsett as a highly paid FBI informant. Dorsett was photographed on the day when he was tried as a Klan traitor and banished. Grand Dragon Virgil Griffin appointed as Dorsett's prosecutor, then FBI informant Edward Dawson.
Reston: Ed, during the eight years that you informed for the FBI, did the FBI give you guidelines in relation to any violent acts that the Klan might take and your participation in them?
Dawson: Well, I can't actually say ... they never told you what to do, really. What not to do. They told you what they expect of you, to report any violence that you heard, immediately. And they understood that there'd be a time that you'd get into a situation where you cannot report to them of the violence that is happening, and you have to call them immediately if anything is about to happen.
Reston: But if you yourself, as a paid informant, engaged in acts of violence, they never, they never said that was something that you may not do?
Dawson: That was never discussed. No, that was never discussed. Absolutely not.
I went to see former Senator Robert Morgan at his house on the banks of the Cape Fear River.
In his 1975 Senate investigation, Morgan had discovered widespread use of police provocateurs throughout America to disrupt activist groups. The program was know as COINTELPRO.
Morgan: Provocateuring is a historical problem. Provocateuring is as old as the Bureau itself. As a matter of fact, it got so bad in the early '20s that Attorney General Harlan Stone dissolved the Bureau as it was then and reorganized it and charged it with the purpose of responsibility of enforcing the laws. He said that if any police agency ever got away from that, it'd become a threat to society and to our liberties.
Reston: And then when you were in the Senate, you were in the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, you studied this problem.
Morgan: Yes, and we found, as a matter of fact, that provocateuring had always remained a part of the Bureau's activities.
And as a matter of fact, down here in North Carolina, the Bureau organized 41 chapters of the Ku Klux Klan. And, of course, it was done for the purpose of promoting factionalism and dividing the so-called original Klan. In one Klan klavern in Alamance County, there were only eight members, and seven of them were paid informants of the FBI.
As a result of Senator Morgan's probe, Ed Dawson, along with many other extremist informants was terminated by the FBI.
He continued his daylight career as contractor and housepainter, but he remained friendly with police officers and FBI agents. Many of his contracting jobs were for them. So it was only natural in 1979, when Greensboro police needed a plant inside the Klan, they would turn to Eddy Dawson.
The police were concerned because the Ku Klux Klan was being taunted by radicals working inside the textile mills. North Carolina's textile industry: it comprises one-third of all manufacturing jobs in a state which historically frowns on unions. In the summer of 1979 an old pattern reasserted itself. Like the strikes of the 1930s, once again highly motivated organizers were active in the mills ... this time in Greensboro. The modern counterparts were medical doctors and communists. Brown lung -- the disease caused by cotton dust -- was the issue around which victims of November 3 like Jim Waller and Dr. Mike Nathan organized.
And the graph can tell us something about the state of your lungs. We'll have some idea about whether or not you might have brown lung. So Marti will...
Nathan's widow, Marti, herself a doctor, and Dr. Paul Bermazohn, who survived a bullet in his brain on November 3, showed me how the brown lung clinics worked.
Okay, ready, take a big breath. Now blow into the machine.
Last time I went near my job,
I thought my lungs were broken.
Chest bound 'round like iron bands,
I couldn't breathe for chokin',
I'm gonna go to work on Monday,
One more time.
I'm gonna go to work on Monday,
One more time,
One more time.
I'm gonna go to work on Monday,
One more time.
The more clinics they held, the more radical they became.
So much of what you see, you know, brown lung, is the result of the economic situation. It's the result of their work and their poverty and one thing impresses you is the sickness caused by capitalism.
I think that medicine and politics really start from the same place. If you're concerned about people, it will lead you often into fields like medicine ... trying to help people. As Marti was saying, you see that there are systematic problems or diseases of oppression. Brown lung is really not a disease caused by cotton dust. It's a disease caused by an economic system that puts a priority on profit over people.
Four who died in Greensboro were active around the mills. They took jobs in the mills and confronted management. They organized campaigns for better working conditions and promoted strikes. By now, they had moved to the extreme left and joined a small faction called the Communist Workers Party.
Among the victims were Bill Sampson, once a Harvard divinity student; Sandy Smith, a Bennett College activist; Caesar Cauce, a hospital worker; and Dr. Jim Waller, who left medicine altogether to organize. His widow, Signe:
Well, Jim and Bill and Sandy and Caesar and Mike were educating workers and fighting alongside with workers. And Jim was elected first, shop steward, then vice president and then president of his union local. And he would accompany men down to the boss's office and fight grievances and he won most of them. And they had this equipment replaced that people were getting injured on. And they had the practice of flipping cloth chains that men were getting hernias from doing that. They would take up the fights that were affecting people's welfare, people's safety on the job.
Actually, success was mixed. After a strike, Waller was fired. Their textile union was concerned about Communist infiltration, and suspended his Greensboro locals.
In the summer of 1979, the Communist Workers Party was in search of a new tactic. An opportune target was provided by the Ku Klux Klan in China Grove, a small mill town 50 miles southwest of Greensboro. Klansmen had scheduled a screening of D.W. Griffith's silent classic "The Clansman", better known as "Birth of a Nation." By modern standards the film is luridly racist and bound to cause trouble in a southern town with many black citizens.
Before long, the Klan got the reaction it no doubt expected. The demonstrators were led by the Communist Workers Party.
The encounter had the feel of an old-fashioned fight behind the woodpile. China Grove became the rehearsal for the Greensboro clash. But state law enforcement agencies took no heed of the warning.
We don't want any trouble.
We just want the Klan to go home.
Go home!
We will not tolerate it.
If we have to die here, we'll die here.
But there will not be any Klan
Today, tomorrow, never!
Death to the Klan.
But I will have revenge for this. Oh, there'll be revenge.
To the elated Communists a new strategy had been validated -- one that could unite black and white workers. They decided to repeat the tactic in Greensboro. They put out a poster announcing a "Death to the Klan" march. The man who designed the poster, Nelson Johnson:
I think the Klan, historically, are cowards. And I think that's an accurate statement and people need to understand that. They project an image of bravado, and that's how they attract a lot of young, white youth. But that's really not their history.
When you call a Southerner scum and coward, and when they are predisposed to violence anyway, as the Klan clearly is, does that not start to set up a certain chemistry?
Perhaps. As soon as the Communist posters began to appear around town, police decided they needed access to the planning council of the Klan. So they recruited Ed Dawson.
Upon his own initiative, Dawson designed a poster himself.
Reston: And this is the "Death to the Klan" poster which was posted all over Greensboro before November 3.
Dawson: This is right, yes.
Reston: I gather you had your own posters.
Dawson: Yes. There are some right here. There it is, yeah.
Reston: I have this poster here which was placed on top of the "Death to the Klan" Communist posters: "Notice to traitors, Communists, race mixers and Black rioters: Traitors beware! Even now the cross hairs are on the backs of your necks. It's time for old-time justice -- American justice." And the vision of a lynching.
Dawson: There's a vision, yes, of a lynching.
Dawson took the Communist poster to a Klan meeting two weeks before the Greensboro march.
we don't want niggers in our schools.
We're not for integration.
Keep those niggers in their place.
We'll have a better nation.
Our Southmen got along just fine till those integrators
Came down here stirring up the mess with outside agitators."
Grand Dragon Virgil Griffin and his men went to a Lincolnton meeting much like this one to decide what to do about the Communist declaration of war.
ANNOUNCER AT KLAN MEETING: Let's have a big hand for Virgil Griffin.
Griffin: Thank you, thank you. We can take our country back from the Communist Party; we'll take it back from the niggers. It's time for us to band together. If we have to get in the streets and find blood up to our knees, by God, it's time to get ready, fight! Give them what they want. Fight for your country.
After Griffin, Ed Dawson spoke. Witnesses remembered it this way.
Witness: He brought one of those posters with him and it was passed out, around so they could see it. And he got the crowd real emotional. And he said that he knew what we had to face and he said, "I'm telling you guys right now, it's going to be a fight." He said he felt it was our patriotic duty -- everybody should go.
Reston: He said, time and time again in the meeting ... Dawson said, "Bring guns?"
Witness: Shotguns, rifles ... pistols if you keep them unconcealed. I mean, you know, you can't conceal a gun nowhere in North Carolina on you.
Reston: And did he say why bring those guns?
Witness: No ... just said might, perhaps we may need them.
Dawson: The question was asked, "Is it alright to bring guns?" And my answer to that was: "If you bring a gun, there will be wall-to-wall police there. A gun -- if it's hidden, a bulge is seen. You will be arrested and you better have the bond money in your back pocket. I'm not your father. I cannot tell you to bring guns or not to bring guns. "
Witness. That was basically the main thing that Eddy Dawson said ... was implied and kept pounding on the fact that we should take shotguns and long guns; nothing else.
The Klan was not the only group planning to confront Communists in Greensboro. Nazis had met with Klansmen to discuss forming a "United Racist Front." As Nazis prepared to go to Greensboro, they, too, were concerned about informants in their midst.
I would say that the government has, for a long time -- I would say since the creation of the FBI back in, I think, '29, '28 -- I believe that the government has kept close watch on any group that they perceive as extremists; in other words, anybody that is not a Republican or a Democrat. I think the right-wing groups in this country today have a very large number of informers and agents in leadership roles in these organizations.
Nazi suspicions were justified. A Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms agent was present at this meeting two days before the Greensboro killings.
This is agent Bernard Butkovitch. And although he did not go to Greensboro, he was there when Nazis brandished weapons and made threats. And he was still there when representatives of Virgil Griffin's clan arrived to coordinate activities. The ATF declined to discuss the role of their agent in the events leading to Greensboro. Nor would it discuss charges he trained Nazis in weapons and explosives.
That same afternoon on the steps of the Greensboro police station, the CWP held its own press conference. Reporters and one police informant listened to Nelson Johnson denounce the police.
The police hate us. We know it. They're not neutral. They're out to do everything they can to disrupt us.
Posing as a reporter was Ed Dawson.
CWP PRESS CONFERENCE (Continued)
Johnson: And we're here to say that we're going ahead with the march, permit or no permit. And I want to add that we just picked up the permit a few minutes ago after running around the building two or three times this morning. The people of Greensboro are intent on smashing and driving out the scum Ku Klux Klan and their secret supporters. The march will be more powerful than ever. We fully expect the police to continue their slimy tactics. They will do anything to disrupt this march and disguise themselves. They might harass us or send provocateurs into our ranks to disrupt the march.
Reporter: What do you think the march is going to accomplish?
Johnson: What we want to do is say the Klan is nothing but a bunch of cowards. They're not gonna come here. If they come here, it'll be because the police aided them in coming here and attacking us.
Informant Dawson had a question of his own.
PRESS CONFERENCE (Continued)
Dawson: Do they have Klansmen in Greensboro here?
People's responses: Yeah, we got Klansmen. Everywhere. In the building right there.
Dawson struck up a conversation with Nelson Johnson and Paul Bermazohn, both of whom would be wounded in the Klan attack two days later. Minutes after these pictures were taken, Dawson went into the police station and got his own copy of the parade permit. Clearly printed on its face was the time: 11:00 A.M., and the starting point at Morningside Homes.
Reston: Did the FBI ever tell you shortly before November 3 not to attend the November 3 caravan?
Dawson: I had called an agent in the FBI and he knew, this agent, that I was relaying messages from the Klan to the police department. When I called him, he said to me, "Relay your information, but stay away from the march."
Reston: Why did you not stay away when the FBI said you should?
Dawson: That is a very good question. If I knew then what I know now, I'd be able to answer your question much better. But why I went was they expected me there to go over to Morningside and to lead them over there, I might as well say.
In the hours that followed, Dawson's leadership role was critical. The night before he drove Klansmen over the parade route so they would be familiar with the streets. Because virtually all the Klansmen and Nazis were not from Greensboro, Dawson arranged a rendezvous at the home of the one Klansman who has remained his friend: Brent Fletcher.
An alcoholic disabled Vietnam veteran, Fletcher was the second Klansman to open fire the next morning.
Reston: Ed, that morning, when you were back here with Brent and Jerry Paul Smith, were you acting as a Klansman or as a police informant?
Dawson: I was acting as a police informant. I was here to observe what was being said, if there was any violent talk, and to try to make contact if there was at that time.
Reston: Do you always keep that pistol by your side?
Fletcher: 24 hours a day.
Reston: Can I see it?
Fletcher: Well, it's a .9 mm. It's a good gun. I keep it for self-protection. It's a good gun.
On the morning of the shooting, Dawson made the first of two phone calls to his police contact, Detective Jerry Cooper, nicknamed "Rooster." The police were already taking these photographs across from Brent Fletcher's house. Rooster's assignment that day was to shadow the Klan caravan. Ed Dawson was one of the first arrivals. After staying some minutes, Dawson managed to slip away and make his second call to Rooster.
Reston: What did you say to Rooster at 7:30?
Dawson: That they had a couple of guns.
Reston: You reported to Cooper on the presence of guns?
Dawson: Oh, definitely.
Reston: And what did you say in that second conversation?
Dawson: That there was at that time about 13, 14, or 15 people at Brent's house.
Reston: By that time, you'd seen more weapons?
Dawson: Yes, there was more weapons, yes. Shotguns, handguns.
The police version of events is contained in a report. A careful document, it finds no fault with police conduct and specifically portrays Dawson as a stranger to the department. Some police actions are detailed, however. At 10:00 A.M. Rooster briefed police commanders.
It's clear they were expecting trouble. Rooster related intelligence including the presence of guns. Rooster's intelligence, said the report, was considered reliable and up-to-date. But Dawson was not mentioned as the source.
Meanwhile, the question of leadership was being raised back at Brent Fletcher's.
Reston: Who said, "Who's in charge?"
Dawson: Oh, God knows. Somebody just hollered out.
Reston: And what was the reply to that?
Dawson: I looked at Virgil, Virgil looked at me and Virgil said, "I guess he is. He knows the city better than we do." And Buck made a remark to me, that "you have a copy of the permit." The streets are all on the back of that. And I did have it with me and went out and brought it in the house.
Now the police made a fatal error. With Klan ranks swelling, with the start of the march only a half an hour away, the two tactical squads assigned to the march were given permission to take their lunch break.
Reston: Ed, do you remember saying, "Let's get going. We're running late?"
Dawson: This is correct, yes.
Reston: You looked at your watch and said, "We're running late?"
Dawson: Yes, it was approaching five of 11:00. I wasn't timing it.
Reston: What was so important about getting there right at the time they started?
Dawson: The parade was supposed to go off at 11:00, the Communist parade, "Death to the Klan."
Reston: And you were concerned to get there at the time that it started.
Dawson: At the time, yes.
Whether he intended it to or not, Dawson's haste ensured that the caravan arrived at Morningside before the police finished their sandwiches.
Dawson: We had eight cars with us. The van was last.
Reston: Did you check in on the CB radio about here?
Dawson: Just about here, yes. I used a CB and I asked if everything was OK.
Reston: You said, "KKK"?
Dawson: "KKK, everything OK." And I got a response, "Doing well, doing good."
In the rush to leave Fletcher's, the Klan car had been left behind. It was the blue Ford Fairlane, and most of the guns used in the killing were in the trunk of that car.
Rooster's photographs show the caravan stopped on the interstate ramp waiting for the stray Fairlane. The time was 11:06. Another police photograph shows Dawson walking to the rear of the motorcade as the Fairlane pulls in.
Reston: Did you know that the guns were in the Fairlane?
Dawson: I knew absolutely nothing about the guns in the Fairlane.
Reston: Did you know that you were being photographed by your police case officer?
Dawson: No, I did not. No.
Reston: And you've never seen these photographs before?
Dawson: No, I have not.
Reston: Were you not there in the back of the caravan?
Dawson: I was at the back, but cars coming down the ramp constantly. I just didn't pay attention.
Reston: When the Fairlane arrived, did you direct where the Fairlane should go in the caravan?
Dawson: Absolutely not. I do not remember it. I did not look for it. I did not see it.
As the motorcade pulled out, Rooster communicated constantly with headquarters. Eight minutes before the first shots, police radio crackled with Rooster's alarm.
Headed for Morningside were nine cars, 35 boisterous and belligerent Klansmen.
Reston: OK, we're turning into Everett Street now. All right. Did it surprise you that there were so many people here?
Dawson: Yes, it sure did. The television and newspaper reporters was to our left.
Reston: Where were the police then?
Dawson: There wasn't a police or a cop or an unmarked car in sight.
Reston: And did you recognize anybody on the right there?
Dawson: Just about as we approached this spot here, I recognized Paul Bermazohn. I just looked at him. He looked at me. Our eyes caught. And I said, "You Communist son of a bitch. You asked for the Klan, and here we are."
Reston: And then you stopped.
Dawson: And the reason we stopped -- I was looking back and Buck was looking in his mirror and we stopped. Everybody stopped.
Reston: So it had been very difficult for him to get around, anyway?
Dawson: Oh, yes. Sure.
Reston: Then you got back in and got out here as quickly as you could?
Dawson: Buck came running and said, "Let's get the hell out of here."
Rooster was behind the caravan when the first shots rang out. He stayed a block away for the next 88 seconds. At 11:23 and 47 seconds, he radioed the words, "heavy gunfire." But the lieutenant in charge was still confused about the location of the trouble.
I want you to look at me. Raise your eyes lightly now. And you can tighten your eyes. As you tighten your eyes, just arch your eyebrows back.
During the trial, the court authorized the defense to interview, under hypnosis, a local television reporter named Laura Blumenthal. Hypnosis revived her subconscious feeling that the Communists had brought this upon themselves and this became powerful court testimony for the Klan.
Hypnotist: Very deeply ... Laura I want you to go back to this date, November 3.
Blumenthal: I know what's comin'. I know what's comin'! People start fighting with the sticks that they had ... those posters on. And shots ... and I don't know where they're comin' from. I heard one hit Bloom's car window because I heard it shatter. And I was really scared.
Shots, more shots! Shots are coming from both sides now. I just ... wanted them ... to stop ... shooting! Squealing tires ... I thought, we can get out now. I can get out from under the car. So I got out. Brushed myself off and went around in front of the car. Three people were there, three. One guy on the left -- put my hand on his shoulder and said, "Are you OK?" He turned around and looked at me and he'd been shot. He had blood on his head. I'd never seen anybody get shot. And the guy, he had a really ... big piece ... of his head ... gone. And that blood, a huge pool of blood, and his broken glasses.
And this black woman came over. And she said to me, "Put your hand over the hole in his head. And I said, "You kiss my ass! You started this shit. You put your hand over the hole in his head!"
The guy over against the building, his wife had been looking for him. I couldn't believe it. She went over, put his head in her arms and started yelling about the Klan. "You Klan! This is my husband! Those motherfucking Klan came in here." And her husband's layin' there dying while those paramedics worked on him and she's yelling about the Klan. I couldn't believe it. I couldn't believe it. Across the street it was the same thing. We got her on tape. "Long live the Communist Workers' Party. And long live the working class! And in spite of you goddamn cops, revolution!" She was hollerin' at the police, hollerin' at 'em. I thought these people were fuckin' crazy. They're crazy.
In the view of Signe Waller, Floris Cauce, and Dale Sampson, their husbands were the victims of an organized conspiracy.
Signe Waller: When I stood over Jim's body and said, "Long live the Communist Workers' Party" and "Long live the working class," then why I said that was that that moment capsulized for me everything that Jim had lived his life for and had laid down his life for.
Dale Sampson: The moment Jess stopped ... you're kind of in between understanding what's happening, right in front of you, and at the same time, you're aware of everything that's going on. I was aware of Signe across with Jim. But I was very aware that I knew something was terribly wrong besides the fact that my husband was dying in my arms. That I knew that there's no way that this happened by itself. And when Signe stood up across the street from me and said, "Long live the Communist Workers' Party," and "We'll fight for socialist revolution and win despite you cops," it forced me, at least at some level, to become conscious. And I realized that it was a set-up. You know, that we had been set up like a shooting gallery.
Reston: What did you say to that policeman that morning?
Floris Cauce: I was telling him that he and his buddies were responsible for the murders that just happened ... that the Greensboro Police Department was responsible for everything that was going on there ... that all the dead bodies lying on the ground, all the blood on the streets, the fear and anger and hatred that had been spread all over that community -- that he would believe me and understand in a few years that they were responsible for that.
Dale Sampson: I believe the government was involved in the murder of my husband. And while I am dying inside, I am not going to let my husband die without that truth being exposed. Edward Dawson and Bernard Butkovitch were acting as agents in terms of planning out this assassination.
Reston: There's been a case essentially made against you in all of this. Let me see if I can capsulize it. As far as I can tell, there are eight points to it.
Dawson: Alright.
Reston: One, that you acted in a dubious fashion in the October 20 Lincolnton rally. Many people say that you did advocate confrontation, that you advocated taking guns. Secondly, that by being the Klan's pointman, if you will, in Greensboro, that you gave the Klan information about coming in here that they would not ordinarily have. Three, that you gave them a rendezvous point. Four, that you willingly composed and distributed Klan inflammatory literature. Five, that you willingly accepted a leadership role at Brent Fletcher's house. Six, that you rushed people along at Fletcher's house when there was no apparent reason to get there at the absolute opening of the march. You got into Everett Street -- even seeing no police there, you shouted out a provocative statement at Paul Bermazohn. And lastly, that the car was stopped. When you stopped the car, you blocked an escape for the whole caravan which led to the violence. Now that's the case all in a capsule. What do you say about that?
Dawson: Start over on the first one.
Reston: We've gone through it all, point by point. I'm asking you about it as a total case. Is that a fair case? Is there a case against Eddy Dawson?
Dawson: I don't like to use the word "frame-up job." These are a bunch of half-wits that got themselves into a jam and they're looking for a scapegoat and they had been laying it on my shoulder for two and a half years. They're not big enough to admit their part in it. I can't control this thing any more than ... I'm not the city police.
Reston: This is one more peril of being a police informant, isn't it? When you're exposed, they want to discard you.
Dawson: Discard you is right. That's for sure. When this happened, it happened on a Saturday. I heard nothing from the police until Tuesday. They never called, was never interested -- "Are you okay? Can we do anything for you?" -- or anything. They just let you go down the drain like a rotten piece of meat.
He was now truly alone. To blame it all on him would exonerate all others. Once at his house, he put on his old uniform for me -- the same uniform he designed for the Klan security forces.
I wore the uniform so I wouldn't have to wear the robe.
True, the episode might not have happened but for Dawson's provocateur behavior. But he only became involved at the behest of the authorities. They launched him into the darkness with no guidance. They ignored valuable information he did provide.
Five deeply committed people are dead. Their tombstone calls them martyrs, but they were far from innocent victims.
For me, the conclusion is inescapable: the police could have prevented the massacre. They could have stopped the caravan and they could have been at Morningside. Was their failure to do so accidental or deliberate?
At least this can be said: no matter how undesirable a majority may view them, Americans should be able to take to the streets without fear that police or their agents will promote or tolerate violence against them.
A federal grand jury is expected to return new indictments in the Greensboro case at any time. Eddy Dawson has been called to testify. Until that case and others are resolved, no law enforcement agency alleged to be involved in Greensboro can comment. Please be assured that when they can, FRONTLINE stands ready to report it.
However, Greensboro is only part of an ongoing nationwide debate on the need to use informants versus the need to protect individual freedoms. The FBI guidelines for informers put into effect after Watergate are now being called too restrictive. FBI Director William Webster has asked for fewer restrictions.
On a local level, many police departments, including Greensboro's, told FRONTLINE they do have guidelines on use of informants. But at this time, no uniform policies exist.
Historically, the tougher the economic times become in this country, the more vulnerable we become to the type of misdirected rage and frustration that begets violence. We have charged our law enforcement agencies with the awesome responsibility of, on the one hand, assuring our constitutional right -- to speak out, to bear arms, and to assemble; while on the other hand, ensuring we may do so in safety. That is a delicate problem. The larger question left by whatever you choose to believe really led up to those 88 seconds in Greensboro is at what point does an informer cease being part of the solution and instead, contribute to the problem?
and Narrator
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CMX Editors
DAILY TIMES - NEWS, Burlington, North Carolina
Network Director for the University of North Carolina Center for Public
Jessica Savitch appears courtesy of the National Broadcasting Company.
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producers thank the following for their very generous assistance:
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WGHP-TV, High Point, NC
WFMY-TV, Greensboro, NC
WBTV-TV, Charlotte, NC
WTCQ-TV, Charlotte, NC
A Co-Production of Network Features Inc. in association with the University of North Carolina Center for Public Television.
FRONTLINE is produced for the Documentary Consortium by WGBH-Boston, which is solely responsible for its content.


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My car has a slight leak from the rear main seal and oil pan gasket. It has 100,000 miles and I plan on keeping it. Some say wait until it gets worse to invest the 2500 or so to fix just a leak. Not sure if letting this leak causes any other problems. It is NOT to the point that I need to put any oil into between oil changes,
by thelori in Los Angeles, CA on August 30, 2010


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Franchises and "edgy" visions just don't mix. See Darren Aronofsky's takes on "The Wolverine" or "Batman: Year One" (pre-Christopher Nolan takes), Joe Carnahan and "Daredevil," Joss Whedon's "Wonder Woman," etc. Studios are generally looking for something within the comfort zone of a property. You can be dark -- see Nolan's 'Dark Knight' films -- but you can't be too crazy. This is a tentpole after all and they're designed to reach the maximum number of people. Which is probably why you sadly can't do anything too adventurous with the upcoming "Star Wars" movies. Speaking of that series, that'll obviously be multiple films that will need various directors, when asked about it, "District 9" filmmaker Neill Blomkamp took himself immediately out of the running.
The filmmaker, who has his ambitious dystopian sci-fi film "Elysium" coming out later this summer starring Matt Damon, didn't really address why he wouldn't want to be part of the upcoming "Star Wars" films other than saying he "wouldn't be the right guy for it." But while recently talking to Danish website Filmz, Blomkamp elaborated on his franchise dislike when asked if he would want to direct "Star Trek 3" now that it seems that J.J. Abrams is too busy with the aforementioned series.
"Dude, I used to be a 'Star Trek: The Next Generation' fan. Like, big time," Blomkamp explained. "But no, I probably wouldn't do that." Why? Blomkamp was diplomatic, but essentially explained the creative compromise that generally comes with franchise-making. Something he's not interested in.
"I don't know if me getting involved with a franchise is the best thing for me," he said. "When studios smell franchises, they smell money. And they'll try to do what they can to the franchise to make it make the most money it can make, and a lot of those interesting ideas kind of fall by the side of the road. Do I like 'Star Trek' on its own without the politics of making it? Yes, absolutely. But do I think that you could make it in the way that I would want to make it? Probably not… which makes me not want to make it."
Hard to fault the guy for holding such a position and admittedly, it's a fairly admirable position considering there's only a handful of genre filmmakers working at his scale and level -- Nolan, Alfonso Cuaron, Guillermo del Toro, James Cameron, Rian Johnson -- who primarily would rather tell their own original stories than board some pre-existing brand. Perhaps it was his terrible experience on trying to adapt the video game "Halo" that wised him up to the pitfalls of franchise and movies made by committee. Of course anyone could change their tune, but so far, Blomkamp's been making ambitious movies made on his own unique ideas and it doesn't seem like he'll stop anytime soon. "Elysium" hits theaters August 9th (three new photos below) and the director is already starting pre-production on his next project: a sci-fi comedy that he co-wrote with his wife called "Chappie." Let's hope he can continue the good fight since opportunities for expensive sci-fi genre films might be taking a hit soon.


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Future Fund looks to private equity, alternatives
24th Oct 13
Investor Daily reports on recent figures released by Future Fund which shows a shift toward listed equity, infrastructure and private equity during the 12 months to 30 September. Future Fund currently manages $91.7 billion. The biggest mover in the portfolio is developed market equities, which rose to 23.9 compared to 17.7 per cent on 30 September 2012.
Future Fund Chief Investment Officer David Neal said the fund's private equity investment in distressed or undercapitalised businesses coming out of the global financial crisis has been particularly successful: "By employing very strong, bottom-up skills a number of [our] managers were able to identify those strong organisations … and build up exposures to very good companies at very cheap prices". But when it comes to the private equity and alternatives section of the portfolio, the Future Fund does not have a "bucket" to fill.
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AVCAL Focus on Social Media – DIGIVIZER Media Release
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AVCAL appoints Crowe Horwath Australia for Private Equity training
Submission: Entrepreneur Visa
Tax incentives for early stage investors


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Mr. Tire Auto Service Center (Court House)
Car-Free Transportation Options
Transit Service Alerts
- Orange Line: Expect residual delays to New Carrollton due to an earlier train malfunction at Vienna.
ART & STAR service on Memorial Day, May 30
Holiday service in effect for ART and STAR on Monday, May 30, 2016 for Memorial Day. Please visit http://tinyurl.com/jgelzay for details.
- There are no reported Metrobus disruptions at this time.
There are no reported DC Circulator disruptions at this time.


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Royalty Free Music Unique To Your Project - Every Time
Royalty Free Music — Spoken Word/Narration & Carefree
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Royalty Free Spoken Word/Narration & Carefree MusicSpoken Word/Narration Sub-Production Types: Background Biography Indie Film Short Film Documentary Corporate Tribute/Memorial Action-Drama TV/ Film Drama Meditation MORE »
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The following tracks match: Spoken Word/Narration, Carefree
Elbow GreaseAdd a breath of fresh air to your footage with this peppy and accessible acoustic rock track. With bouncy drums and catchy guitar, your audience will know that good things are in the making.https://www.smartsound.com/strata/images/BS03SC_200.jpgSingle53204-ST$ 39.9553204-EX$ 59.9553204-W$ 149.95Production Types: Corporate, Reality TV, Corporate Communications, Spoken Word/Narration, Training Emotions: Happy, Uplifting, Carefree, Cheerful, Confident, Fresh, Perky, Refreshing, Spirited, Upbeat Genre: Funky, Corporate/Technology, Easy-Listening/New Age Instrument: Guitar (Acoustic), Instrumental, Guitar
Elbow Grease from the album Spring Cleaning
SandalsA natural, acoustic number with positive vibes and an easy feel.https://www.smartsound.com/strata/images/STRATNP_200.jpgSingle62106-ST$ 39.9562106-EX$ 59.9562106-W$ 149.95Production Types: Commercials, Indie Film, Short Film, Spoken Word/Narration, Background Emotions: Positive, Carefree, Cheerful, Leisurely, Relaxed, Mellow Genre: Themes, Easy-Going, Pop Rock, Indie, Pop Instrument: Guitar (Acoustic), Acoustic, Instrumental, Guitar
Sandals from the album Natural Progressions
MigrationWarm the heartstrings with this gentle and rosy track. Great for scenes featuring encouraging, helpful actions.https://www.smartsound.com/strata/images/strataSD_200.jpgSingle55006-ST$ 39.9555006-EX$ 59.9555006-W$ 149.95Production Types: Meditation, Spoken Word/Narration, Background Emotions: Atmospheric, Calm, Carefree, Leisurely, Light, Reflective, Relaxed, Soothing, Mellow, Quiet, Soft Genre: Themes, New Age, Easy-Listening/New Age Instrument: New Age Ensemble, Instrumental
Migration from the album Serene Dream
Baiao IslandLet this track's breezy mood take you to a cool island paradise. A smooth underscore for people relaxing near the ocean.https://www.smartsound.com/strata/images/strataTL_200.jpgSingle54201-ST$ 39.9554201-EX$ 59.9554201-W$ 149.95Production Types: Travel, Home Videos, Spoken Word/Narration, Background Emotions: Happy, Cool, Carefree, Relaxed, Mellow, Upbeat, Island Genre: Themes, Jazz, Latin, Latin American, Caribbean, Tropical Instrument: Flute, Saxophone, Latin Band, Instrumental
Baiao Island from the album Travel & Leisure
Square OneThis laid back, atmospheric acoustic jam has the feel of an uplifting classic rock favorite. Great for the happy finale in your 'job well done' masterpiece.https://www.smartsound.com/strata/images/BS03SC_200.jpgSingle53210-ST$ 39.9553210-EX$ 59.9553210-W$ 149.95Production Types: Corporate, Reality TV, Corporate Communications, Spoken Word/Narration, Training, Background Emotions: Positive, Carefree, Fresh, Light, Reflective, Upbeat Genre: Earthy, Outdoorsy, Corporate/Technology, Indie Rock, Easy-Going, Pop Instrument: Guitar (Acoustic), Instrumental, Guitar
Square One from the album Spring Cleaning
WellnessA pleasant piano and guitar duet with a positive outlook. Sunny and easy, good for 'All Natural' subjects.https://www.smartsound.com/producer/images/PS28_200.jpgSingle6209-ST$ 39.956209-EX$ 59.956209-W$ 149.95Production Types: Biography, Spoken Word/Narration Emotions: Happy, Positive, Carefree, Cheerful, Innocent, Light, Lively, Spirited Genre: Country/Folk, Easy-Going, World Instrument: Guitar (Acoustic), Piano, Acoustic, Instrumental, Guitar
Wellness from the album Homespun Guitar (PS28)
Morning GrooveA light island-groove takes us to a tropical setting in this easy-going acoustic number. Fresh, light, breezy.https://www.smartsound.com/producer/images/ps08_210.jpgSingle30809-ST$ 39.9530809-EX$ 59.9530809-W$ 149.95Production Types: Cooking, Biography, Spoken Word/Narration, Background Emotions: Carefree, Cheerful, Fresh, Light, Mellow, Upbeat Genre: Themes, Latin, Latin American Instrument: Guitar (Acoustic), Latin Band, Acoustic, Instrumental, Guitar
Morning Groove from the album Coffeehouse/Mellow/Guitar (PS08)
OceansideA fresh and light bossa nova that can add a little international flair to the proceedings. Great for a calm and easy background.https://www.smartsound.com/producer/images/ps08_210.jpgSingle30810-ST$ 39.9530810-EX$ 59.9530810-W$ 149.95Production Types: Cooking, Biography, Spoken Word/Narration, Background Emotions: Cool, Carefree, Fresh, Light, Relaxed, Soothing, Mellow, Upbeat Genre: Themes, Latin, Latin American Instrument: Guitar (Electric), Latin Band, Acoustic, Instrumental, Guitar
Oceanside from the album Coffeehouse/Mellow/Guitar (PS08)
Any Day NowFresh and outdoorsy, this upbeat and intimate guitar feature puts a smile on your day. Good for bright and cheery applications.https://www.smartsound.com/producer/images/ps08_210.jpgSingle30801-ST$ 39.9530801-EX$ 59.9530801-W$ 149.95Production Types: Cooking, Biography, Spoken Word/Narration, Background Emotions: Positive, Carefree, Cheerful, Light, Mellow, Upbeat Genre: Themes, Easy-Going, Easy-Listening/New Age Instrument: Country Band, Guitar (Acoustic), Acoustic, Instrumental, Guitar
Any Day Now from the album Coffeehouse/Mellow/Guitar (PS08)
Argyle ParkThis jazzy track with its melodic strolling acoustic guitar sets a positive backing to your visuals. Excellent for that feel-good project.https://www.smartsound.com/music/images/onward.jpgSingle4001-ST$ 39.954001-EX$ 59.954001-W$ 149.95Production Types: On Hold Music, Spoken Word/Narration, Training Emotions: Happy, Positive, Uplifting, Carefree, Leisurely, Motivating, Spirited, Upbeat Genre: Themes, Smooth Jazz, Easy-Going, Jazz Instrument: Guitar (Acoustic), Instrumental, Guitar
Argyle Park from the album Onward & Upward
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text:
The RBR50
The world market for industrial robots was worth an estimated $8.2 billion in 2011. Around 68 percent of revenues were for articulated, and two-thirds were for robots designed for use in applications requiring a payload of above 15kg.
Want to learn more about our membership options? Give me a call.Leo Baryudin, Robotics Membership Manager
Expert insight on the ethical and legal issues affecting robot regulations globally.
The new reality of customizable, one-off production:
Additive Manufacturing (AM). Where it's going, why and what's
driving its emergence.


text:
FDA Approves Movantik for Opioid-induced Constipation »
"The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Movantik (naloxegol), an oral treatment for opioid-induced constipation in adults with chronic non-cancer pain.
Opioids are a class of drugs that are used to treat and manage pain. A comm"...
Read the FDA Approves Movantik for Opioid-induced Constipation article »
Since there is no data on pregnant or nursing mothers, physicians should discuss these matters with the patient before using this product.
Last reviewed on RxList: 7/17/2007
This monograph has been modified to include the generic and brand name in many instances.
ChiRhoStim FDA Prescribing Information
Additional ChiRhoStim Information
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration
You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.
GI Disorders
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text:
The securities litigation firm of Brower Piven, A Professional
Corporation, has commenced an investigation into possible breaches of
fiduciary duty to current shareholders of LIN Media LLC ("LIN" or the
"Company") (NYSE: MEG) and other violations of state law by the board of
directors of LIN relating to the proposed buyout of the Company by Media
General, Inc. ("Media General").
Under the terms of the transaction, LIN shareholders can elect to
receive $27.82 in cash or 1.5762 shares of the new holding company for
each share of LIN they own. According to Yahoo! Finance, at least one
analyst following LIN has set a target price of $32.00per share.
The firm's investigation seeks to determine, among other things, whether
the Company's board of directors breached their fiduciary duties by
failing to maximize shareholder value before agreeing to enter into this
transaction, and whether Media General is underpaying for LIN shares.
If you currently own common stock of LIN and would like to learn more
about the investigation being conducted by Brower Piven, without cost or
obligation to you, click here: http://www.browerpiven.com/currentinvestigations.html.
You may also request more information by contacting Brower Piven either
by email at firstname.lastname@example.com
or by telephone at (410) 415-6616. Attorneys at Brower Piven together
have more than a century of experience litigating securities and other
class action cases.
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Artist: Trampled by Turtles
Album: Palomino
Genre: Country
All of us lonely, it aint a sin
to want something better, then the shape your in
the rain came at the break of day
your light in the windowpane, said come on in
Its a broken heart babe, i know the sound
Feels like your hands, are nailed to the ground
but it'll pass just like everything else
you won't let it get to me, the next time around
Its a hard earn victory
The life that come from you to me
can never be wrong
Grown from a moment and a million miles
here lies the stardust and it slowly dies
borrowed from nothing come back half alive
and the stars the whisper blessings as you walk by
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text: Many years ago I was going to go to a frame building school in Oregon so I got this kit from the widow of a frame builder in New Jersey, thru "Cycles de Oro" It has all the lugs with "Cinelli SC made in Italy" marked later 1.375x 24,cast into the bottom bracket , fork-crown, legs, SLX tube-set all stays plus a couple extra, two sets of the long Campi drop-outs and 30+ braze-ons of every style I have ever seen. It has been stored wrapped and is in perfect codition for 15 + years. I don't remember what it cost then, but does it have value now? Thanks Jack


text:
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Posted on March 16, 2016 by Options Away ABOUT THE ROLE We are currently looking to make an addition to our Business/Product Team with a Business/Product Analyst. You will work alongside our CPO and our internal teams to manage project/product initiatives and deliver partner4/12/2016 Chicago, IL Save This Job
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IT APPLY FOR THIS JOB! Positions1Close Date6/1/2016LocationNew York City As we scale, Outbrain is seeking an ERP implementation project manager for the Information Systems team. The Project Manager will work side by side with Outbrain?s Accounting and global business4/5/2016 New York, NY Save This Job
JOB SUMMARY We are looking for a Marketing Analyst to work in the fast paced product marketing group. This position is responsible for managing projects from start to finish, working with cross functional teams, and executing to plan. This individual interacts with various3/23/2016 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
Responsibilities Serve as a point of contact for site clients, responding to email and phone inquiries Assist members of the Project Management team with operational duties, including system access, card distribution and reporting Maintain strong relationships with clients and5/4/2016 King of Prussia, PA Save This Job
Responsibilities Serve as a point of contact for site clients, responding to email and phone inquiries Assist members of the Project Management team with operational duties, including system access, card distribution and reporting Maintain strong relationships with clients and4/4/2016 King of Prussia, PA Save This Job
at Switchfly (View all jobs) San Francisco The Application Delivery Analyst will be a key member of the Global Support Services (GSS) team. This team member will be responsible for implementation of the Switchlfy Core application for existing customers. The Application Delivery4/5/2016 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
Operations and Customer Success San Francisco, CA, United States About Us At AppDynamics, our Application Intelligence Platform helps today's software-defined businesses proactively monitor, manage and optimize the most complex software environments. All in real time, and all2/13/2016 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
Job Type:Full-Time Location:Bloomington, MN Job Description: The Configuration Analyst is a dynamic, multifaceted role that?s anything but routine. They are hands-on throughout the entire lifecycle of a software implementation project, working directly with customers and4/24/2016 Bloomington, MN Save This Job
All times are in India Standard Time. ID 2016-2806 Job Location US-CA-City of Industry - HQ Posted Date 4/23/2016 Category Marketing More information about this job: Purpose Of The Job: The Marketing Analyst is responsible for providing support to management team by reporting5/20/2016 City of Industry, CA Save This Job
# of Openings 1 Job Locations US-TX-Plano Posted Date 4/22/2016 Category Information Technology More information about this job: Overview: Tier I Network Security Analyst will monitor for changes in cyber/human activity, security application alerts, vulnerabilities, cyber5/11/2016 Plano, TX Save This Job
Req No. .. Location US-TN-Nashville Category Information Technology More information about this job: Job Description: Business Analyst ? Project management skills and experience driving projects to a proscribed timeline ? Excellent communication skills in all formats5/10/2016 Nashville, TN Save This Job


text:
Like everyone else I have been completely enamored by Sugarpill, and recently I put my money down on four of their pigments. They always go on perfectly but by the end of the day it seems like they just fall off, as if they where just loose glitters that weren't applied well. I have tried various mixing mediums from water, to Mac's Fix +, Visine and LA Splash, but I always have the same out come. Can you guys give me some tips and tricks on how I can make these awesome pigments stick to my eyes?!
thank you. ill give that a try.
Jun 13, 2012
Personally I've never had that problem! I usually apply them dry or foil them with just water over a primer!
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Definitions for km/h
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word km/h
Princeton's WordNet
kilometers per hour, kilometres per hour, kph, km/h(noun)
the ratio of the distance traveled (in kilometers) to the time spent traveling (in hours)
Chaldean Numerology
The numerical value of km/h in Chaldean Numerology is: 2
Pythagorean Numerology
The numerical value of km/h in Pythagorean Numerology is: 5
Images & Illustrations of km/h
Translations for km/h
From our Multilingual Translation Dictionary
- km / hCzech
- km / hSpanish
- km / jamIndonesian
- קילומטר / שעהHebrew
- km / hDutch
- km / hPortuguese
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