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Monitoring Food Security: Round table to review methods used to estimate the number of hungry
12 Sep 2011 - 13 Sep 2011
FAO Headquarters, Rome, Italy
During the deliberations of the 36th session of the Committee on Food Security it was agreed that a Round Table be organized to review different methods of hunger measurement.
FAO/UEMOA regional workshop on the CountrySTAT system
11 Jul 2011 - 15 Jul 2011
Bamako, Mali
Regional workshop, organized under a UTF/UEM/002/UEM project aims to provide basic training on the CountrySTAT system and its three components (statistics, IT and communication), in accordance with international standards (FAOSTAT).
Regional workshop on sampling for agricultural censuses and surveys
20 Jun 2011 - 24 Jun 2011
Montevideo, Uruguay
This workshop is organized in partnership with Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Uruguay and National Agriculture Statistics Service (NASS) of United States at Montevideo. These workshops build onthe series of round table meetings on the World Programme for Census of Agriculture 2010.
Regional workshop on sampling for the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2010
The purpose of the regional workshop on sampling will be to upgrade the technical knowledge and skills of national staff involved in the implementation of the new FAO World Programme for Census of Agriculture 2010.
National Strategy for Development of Agricultural Statistics in Dominican Republic
15 Apr 2011
Santo Domingo
FAO is providing technical assistance to the Dominican Republic to prepare a National Strategy for Development of Agriculture Statistics. To start the process the Oficina Nacional de Estadística (ONE) organized a workshop at Santo Domingo in partnership with FAO and other national agencies involved in agricultural statistics.
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text:
I recently switched from myisam to innodb in one of my mysql tables. Before i was using MATCH(). Since innodb doesn't support match() i decided to use LIKE.
Now I have a problem. My table is 190,6 MiB big and have 234,083 rows. When I use LIKE my server goes slow.
I switched to innodb from myisam to stop locking the table.
What am I gonna do? Thanks!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
So I am a first time mom. My daughter is just about 3 1/2 months actual and almost 2 months adjusted. The past couple of weeks she is no longer sleeping through the night. At first I thought it was because her schedule was disrupted when my sister was in town, but now I am not sure. Any ideas on how to get her to once again sleep through the night? I also believe that she is wanting more than the 4 ounces she is taking at certain feedings, but I am not sure how to handle increasing the amount since her formula only makes 2, 4, and 8 ounce bottles. Do I just make an 8 ounces bottle and let her drink the 5 or so onuces and then through the rest away or is there a better way? And I have a four ounce bottle that I no longer need, it is safe to give it to my friend who is expecting to use with her baby? I washed and sterlized it very well.
Got a few questions
FTM to DD (33 weeker)
Comments (6)
I can't help you with the sleeping question because my daughter is almost two and does not consistantly sleep through the night :) But I would just say keep her schedule consistant as possible. Also, most babies do not sleep through the night until they are 3 months old because they still need feedings at night. She might just be hungry.
As far as increasing the amount she eats, I used to make a big 8 ounce bottle of formula and keep this in the refrigerator. It is safe up to 24 hours. That way if my LO seemed really hungry,I would just pour 5 ounces in a bottle and keep the rest in the fridge-that way there is no wasting. Formula is expensive!
As far as the bottles,I think it would be fine to share them as long as they are sterilized.
Tammy-mommy to 29 weeker Allison 7/22/07
Are you using powdered formula? Unless they have really changed it since I last used it (6 1/2 years ago), it was a scoop per 2 ounces of formula. Does it list just 2 ounces = 1 scoop, 4 ounces = 2 scoop, and 8 ounces = 4 scoops? If so, then that just means 6 ounces = 3 scoops. However, it "makes" the formula, if different than above, just make a 2 ounce and 4 ounce and then you have 6 ounces.
Mary, SAHM to
Two handsome tween boys, and my miracle girl, now 2
DD was a 28 weeker, born weighing 1lb 15oz due to IUGR
when my ds was around that age he got his days and nights mixed up for a while but eventually it evens back out. i tried playing with him during the day to where he would want to stay up and then by night time i would give a nice warm bath and a bottle and rock him to sleep and eventually he got the hang of sleeping at night. and as far as the feedings go i would start fixing prolly 6 ozs of milk everytime just incase your lo wants more. good luck! oh and as long as you sterilize the bottle its fine in my opinion to give it to your friend.
~Mommy to AustinMichael, 01.09.08~26 weeker
~Mommy to my angel EmmaMarie, 10.18.08 - 03.06.09~34 weeker
Your DD and mine sound about the same age, mine is 3 months 2 weeks 3 days actual (7 weeks 5 days adj)... she's been eating 5 oz a feeding for about 3 weeks now. Since one scoop equals 2 oz, we do 5 oz of water and 2.5 scoops. Sometimes we make a 6 oz bottle and she'll take all of that, usually right before bed. I also read that at this time they are hitting a growth spurt so that might be why she's waking up in the middle of the night, she's just hungry. I'd try feeding her a little more before bed and see if she takes it. My DD has been STTN for at least a month now, if not longer, but I have been noticing she is a lot more restless.
Jaime -
S 1/23/09 33 weeks 2 days 4 lbs 17 inches
L 4/27/12 33 weeks 3 days 4 lbs 2 oz 17.5 inches
What we did was moved DD up to 5 oz. but it was for a very short period of time. As fare as the formula goes what we did was buy liquid. Then we made her the 5 oz bottles to see if she can tollerate it. That only lasted about a week then she went up to 6 oz. She would quit drinking when she was full.
The other thing I would suggest is if you are not doing it already put together a definate bed tiem routine. We do it now for our 10 mont old. She gets bath, gets her 6 oz sippy cup then a book then bed.
As for handing down the bottles we have handed down our 4 oz and 10 oz. The only thing I did was toss the nipples.
Hope you get some sleep soon.
Cassie, Mom to ^Sophia Rene^, twin A (RIP 3/11/08) & Mya Quinn, twin B, 6/30/08.
http://walktorememberla.org/ For all the babies gone far too soon!
I don't have much info about the sleeping as my LO is still waking in the night.
As far as the formula...I make a pitcher of formula and use it for 24 hours and then if there is any left I toss it. It's much easier. It saves time, and then if DS finishes a bottle and wants more I just add a little to the bottle. I make it every morning and make about 24oz as he is eating about 6 bottles 4oz each. So when I use 24 oz water and add the formula it makes like 27oz or so, for a little extra. That way if I pour 4 oz that is what he really eats, rather than making a 4 oz bottle which turns out to be a bit more, and then some is wasted. Also, by making the formula ahead of time all the air bubbles have time to go away...less gas. Much of the time I can't even get DS to burp! If you're interested Dr. Brown's makes a formula pitcher. I have it. At first I wasn't sure if I was going to buy it...it seemed like a waste. But...it has all the measurements on the side, and a good mixing mechanism on the inside. It's similar to the pampered chef pitcher but smaller and the mixing mechanism on the inside spins.
Mommy to Owen born 1-27.09 (6 weeks premature).


text:
Distributed Collaborative Planning and Control for Undersea Surveillance using Swarms of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles
Award Information
Small Business Information
Suite A, 75 Aero Camino, Goleta, CA, 93117
Principal Investigator:
Patrick Toole
Senior Scientist
(805) 968-6787
Senior Scientist
(805) 968-6787
Business Contact:
Marcella Lindbery
Director of Contracts and Finance
(805) 968-6787
Director of Contracts and Finance
(805) 968-6787
Research Institution:
AbstractToyon Research Corporation, together with the University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB) and Nautronix MariPro Corporation, proposes to develop autonomy algorithms which will transform a set of independent underwater vehicles (AUVs) into a collaborating swarm of AUVs that work together to respond to underwater threats. The paper describes the autonomy, as demonstrated as part of the Toyon CAATS seedling demonstration, from which swarm behavior emerges as each node contributes and forwards information deemed pertinent to other nodes. We describe the hierarchical autonomy structure and the overall guiding principles for achieving mission success in the dynamic noisy, shallow water environment. We describe the localization algorithm appropriate for swarming agents amid the multi-path acoustic propagation inherent to littoral regions. We present the fusion and tracking algorithms best suited for the sensor measurements (bearings-only, time-of-closest-approach) and noisy environment. We also describe the simulation tool used to develop the autonomy algorithms. Finally, we present preliminary simulation results showing the projected performance of a swarm endowed with the algorithms described herein. Toyon, UCSB, and Nautronix MariPro are ideally suited for this research and development effort and have extensive experience in sensor systems, networking, tracking, localization, and underwater acoustic communications and detection systems.
* information listed above is at the time of submission.
An Official Website of the United States Government


text:
ADRIAN - Clara Etta Jewel Gruhlkey, 94, died Tuesday, April 20, 2010, in Amarillo.
Services will be at 11 a.m. Friday in First Baptist Church of Adrian with Dee Slocum, pastor, officiating. Burial will be in Memorial Park Cemetery in Vega. Arrangements are by Boxwell Brothers at Vega.
Clara was born Nov. 6, 1915, in Shady Valley, Okla., to Elton and Nancy Mosteller. She married Robert Amos Gruhlkey on April 25, 1942, in Amarillo and had lived in Adrian since 1942. She worked as an elementary school teacher.
She was preceded in death by her husband, Robert Amos Gruhlkey, in 1994; and a son, Richard Allen Gruhlkey, in 2007.
Survivors include two daughters, Linda Pond and husband Clement of Queen Creek, Ariz., and Martha Gruhlkey of Adrian; two sisters, Stella Irene Horton of Waco and Ruth James of Sparks, Okla.; a daughter-in-law, Robin Gruhlkey of New Iberia, La.; and three grandchildren, Jennifer Fisher, Drew Gruhlkey and Amber Gruhlkey.
Viewing will be from 11 a.m. to 7 p.m. today at the funeral home in Vega.
Amarillo Globe-News, April 22, 2010
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text:
2012: A Documentary Year in Review
Twelve stories from 2012 that inspired, thrilled and surprised us. A recap of the year in documentary news.
Ken Burns on the "Ken Burns Effect"
Ask anyone what they think of when you mention his name, and they'll refer to the Ken Burns Effect, that technique he employs in all his films whereby the camera pans over sideways and then zooms in.
An Overview of the Docs at TIFF
With the Toronto International Film Festival having kicked off at the end of last week, Tom Roston provides a short list of his must-see docs in the festival this year.


text:
DANVILLE, Ky.
Franklin College battled furiously in the final minute in their regular-season opener at Centre College on Monday night.
But the host Colonels didn't buckle, especially at the free-throw line. Centre held on to top the Grizzlies 78-72 in a nonconference men's basketball clash.
After Centre (1-1) broke away from a 57-all tie with five minutes remaining to lead by eight at 70-62 with 43 seconds left, Franklin senior forward Gunner Erwin hit a 3-point basket to pull the visitors to within five. But the Colonels answered with two free throws by forward Josh Karshner.
The Grizzlies then added a free throw and 3-point baskets by guards Bailey Howard and Callan Hughes in succeeding possessions, only to have the hosts answer with a pair of free throws each time.
Franklin stayed within striking distance all game long despite being outshot .650 to .421 from the field. The Colonels also grabbed 31 rebounds to the Grizzlies' 22, but Franklin helped itself by committing just 10 turnovers.
Erwin scored a game-best 20 points and had seven rebounds. Howard added 16 points, and junior guard J.T. Barton chipped in 11.


text:
FDA May Revise Warning for Antismoking Drug
WASHINGTON -- The Food and Drug Administration said it may upgrade warnings on the Pfizer PFE 0.52 % Inc. antismoking drug Chantix after a nonprofit safety group cited a new spate of road-traffic accidents and seizures involving people on the drug.
The Institute for Safe Medication Practices said 1,001 serious incidents involving Chantix users were reported in the first quarter of this year, based on its analysis of government safety data. That is more than the total number of serious incidents for the top 10 most-prescribed brand-name drugs combined.
The institute, based in Horsham, Pa., said 15 cases in the quarter were connected to traffic accidents and 52 cases were linked to blackouts.
An FDA statement said the agency "confirms that there are reports of accidents, including road traffic accidents, after the use of varenicline [Chantix] in the Adverse Event Reporting System. The FDA is reviewing these reports to see if current labeling related to accidents after varenicline is adequate."
Pfizer, which has been struggling to overcome nearly a year of negative publicity involving Chantix, questioned the report's conclusions. It noted that the institute's figures are based solely on voluntary reports by doctors and others of incidents that occurred with patients taking the drug. Pfizer said these reports "are often unverifiable and lack sufficient medical information to draw any conclusions." The institute acknowledged that adverse-event notices alone don't prove a drug caused a side effect.
Chantix already has been linked to serious psychiatric side effects such as depression and suicidal behavior. In 2007 Pfizer strengthened the warning label. The company has said that nicotine withdrawal itself "can cause changes in behavior, such as irritability and depressed mood."
The FDA has been investigating the psychiatric side effects, and issued a warning guide for doctors this spring.
The institute's latest figures follow up on a report it issued in May that linked 173 accidents, including some involving automobiles, to Chantix use. In response, the Department of Transportation, the Federal Aviation Administration and the Department of Defense barred pilots, air-traffic controllers and others from using the drug.
"The most alarming thing about the numbers is the increase in loss of consciousness like a blackout, and the sudden [temporary] loss of vision. That's potentially very dangerous for everyone, as the traffic-accident numbers show," said Curt Furberg, a professor at Wake Forest University's medical school. Dr. Furberg is a co-author of the institute's report and frequently sits on FDA expert committees.
The institute and Pfizer both speculated that negative publicity surrounding Chantix and psychiatric side effects may have spurred the recent rise in adverse reports to the FDA.
Chantix, which had $883 million in total 2007 sales, has experienced a steep decline. Its third-quarter sales in the U.S. fell 49% from last year's third quarter, dropping to $96 million from $186 million. This summer, Pfizer took out full-page ads in major newspapers defending the drug and noting the severe risks to health from smoking.
In a statement Wednesday, the company reiterated that, based on all data available, Chantix has an acceptable "efficacy and safety profile" and is "an important treatment option to help patients stop smoking."
—Jennifer Corbett-Dooren contributed to this article.
Write to Alicia Mundy at email@example.com


text:
|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Número de solicitud
|Fecha de publicación
|28 Sep 1999
|Fecha de presentación
|14 Jul 1997
|Fecha de prioridad
|14 Jul 1997
|También publicado como
|Número de publicación
|John Brown, Matthew J. Costello, Luciano P. DosSantos, Robin Ruck
|Cesionario original
|Wentworth Laboratories, Inc.
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (6), Otras citas (1), Citada por (64), Clasificaciones (7), Eventos legales (4)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
This invention relates generally to inspection of integrated circuit devices on a silicon wafer in a probe station, and more particularly to an adapter and probe card holder for energizing and probing a silicon wafer in an inverted position for analysis of backside emissions.
Probe stations are well known as a means for wafer probing and failure analysis investigations of a device under test (DUT) on a silicon wafer. A probe station generally involves a platform for mounting probing apparatus such as a probe card or probe holders, a moveable chuck for holding the wafer with x, y, z and theta stages for positioning the chuck, and an optic system with video imaging and integrated system software to monitor the progress of the probing and failure analysis on a computer screen. Normally, probing of the device is done from above on the top side of the wafer which faces upwardly, while its opposite (or backside) faces downwardly.
One type of analysis involves energizing the DUT in order to observe infrared emissions from a defect, consisting of overlaying an illuminated device image showing device details with another image of infrared emissions from the energized device. The images are superimposed to determine the location of the defect. Difficulties are encountered with this type of analysis after several layers have been added to the silicon substrate. This problem has led to a similar analysis known as backside emission inspection. Under this procedure, the silicon wafer is inspected from the backside of the wafer, usually in an inverted position. The back of the wafer is first treated to reduce its thickness at the location to be inspected and the backside is illuminated at special frequencies and using special sensors to observe emissions from the backside of the energized device. The precise equipment necessary to illuminate and detect backside emissions is not the subject of the present invention.
The present invention involves the use of a conventional probe station in order to adapt it for backside emission inspection, and probing from the underside of a silicon wafer held in an inverted position, together with various features necessary for backside emission inspection.
Existing apparatus for backside emission testing has required unacceptably long set-up times to adapt and calibrate the probe station to enable probing from the underside of the silicon wafer and to energize the DUT. The probed surface must be planar with respect to the plane of motion of the probing apparatus, (or with respect to the probe card). It would be desirable to have an adapter which is readily and quickly set up for backside emission inspection, and which also can be utilized in a standard probe station, rather than requiring a special probe station.
Accordingly, one object of the present invention is to provide an improved apparatus for inspecting an inverted silicon wafer for backside emissions in a probe station.
Another object of the invention is to provide an improved adapter for holding a silicon wafer in an inverted position in a standard probe station for backside emission testing, together with probing means to energize the wafer from the underside thereof.
Another object of the invention is to provide an adapter for backside emission testing of a silicon wafer with means to establish planarity of the inverted silicon wafer surface with respect to a probe card, by self-leveling of the probe card holder.
Briefly stated, the invention comprises apparatus for inspecting an inverted silicon wafer having devices thereon for backside emissions using an emission imaging system and a probe station of the type having a platform defining a first reference surface, a movable stage having a chuck support with control means to change its position with respect to the platform, and emission imaging devices disposed above the platform. The apparatus of the invention comprises a backside emission adapter including a frame arranged to be supported on the chuck (or chuck support), a leveling ring supported in the frame by first adjustment means, and a wafer carrier disposed in said leveling ring. The wafer carrier has a downwardly facing, second reference surface and is adapted to hold a silicon wafer against the second reference surface in an inverted position. The wafer carrier has at least one opening exposing the backside of the wafer to the emission imaging devices. Probe means are held on the platform reference surface, and adapted to probe and energize at least one of said devices from beneath the silicon wafer. A video camera is also supported on the platform reference surface, having a viewing tube extending to a point beneath the silicon wafer to a location proximal to said energized device, the viewing tube having means to illuminate the energized device and optics for directing reflected illumination to the video camera.
Preferably the probe means comprises a probe card holder, including a base structure arranged to be supported on the platform reference surface, a leveling frame supported on the base structure, the leveling frame having an upwardly facing third reference surface and having second adjustment means for adjusting the position of the third reference surface of the leveling frame with respect to the base structure, and a clamping mechanism for holding a probe card in a planar relationship with respect to the third reference surface.
Various other features include a safety ring for the silicon wafer, clamps for holding the wafer carrier in the leveling ring, three-screw spring loaded support for the first adjustment means, a spring loaded clamp for the second adjustment means, and a simplified clamping mechanism for holding the probe card.
These and many other objects of the invention will become apparent by reference to the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a front elevation view of a standard probe station equipped with conventional DUT viewing optics together with a probe card holder and adapter according to the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the probe station of FIG. 1,
FIG. 3 is a side elevation view of the probe station of FIG. 1, showing a part of backside emission optics,
FIG. 4 is a front elevation view of the same probe station, illustrating the adapter with a single probe manipulator instead of a probe card holder and also illustrating the video camera apparatus,
FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the adapter and wafer carrier illustrating the wafer in inverted position, rotated 90° from FIG. 1,
FIG. 6 is a top plan view of the wafer carrier before it is inverted and placed in the leveling ring,
FIG. 7 is a top plan view of a probe card holder according to the present invention, showing a probe card in place,
FIG. 8 is a side elevational view of the probe card holder of FIG. 7, without probe card,
FIG. 9 is an end elevational view of the probe card holder of FIG. 7, without probe card,
FIG. 10 is a view in cross section of the spring loaded, self-leveling adjustment of the probe card holder, taken along lines X--X of FIG. 7,
FIG. 11 is an elevation view in cross section taken along lines XI--XI of FIG. 7,
FIG. 12 is a top plan view of the video camera illuminating and optics configuration on the end of the camera viewing tube seen in FIG. 4,
FIG. 13 is a side elevational view of the FIG. 12 illuminator and optics illustrating the method of operation, and
FIG. 14 is a simplified diagrammatic view illustrating the self-leveling method of establishing planarity of the probe card holder with respect to the wafer carrier.
Referring now to FIG. 1 of the drawing, a standard probe station is illustrated in front elevation view, with accompanying plan view in FIG. 2 and side elevational view in FIG. 3. The probe station is illustrated generally at 10 and may, for example, comprise a model MP-2000 semi-automatic analytical probe station designed for semi-automatic wafer probing and failure analysis applications involving sub-micron geometries as manufactured and sold by Wentworth Laboratories, the assignee of the present invention. A manual probe station may also be used. The probe station comprises a stationary base 12 supporting a platform 14 on pedestals, one of which is seen at 16. Platform 14 is arranged to provide a motorized vertical (z) travel of 11/2 inches. An x-y positioning stage 18 serves to mount a chuck support 20 and to provide an additional minimum z travel of 0.2 inches. Chuck support 20 is positionable in the x-y direction with a resolution of 0.1 microns. The platform 14 is provided with a top planar first reference surface 14a and the top of the chuck support 20 is provided with a support surface 20a factory calibrated to maintain planarity during x-y movement in planes parallel to the first reference surface 14a.
The probe station is equipped with conventional DUT viewing optics 22, a vacuum holding system, vibration isolation and requires a computer to control stage movement and to operate live on-screen video of the probing operation.
While the details of the emission imaging system are not material to the present invention, a brief description follows of the emission imaging system, a partial view of which is shown generally by reference numeral 23 in FIG. 3, to be disposed above the platform. The emission imaging devices include an illuminating system at a wave length of approximately 1070 nanometers at which silicon is semi-transparent. This system produces an illuminated image of the backside semi-conductor metalization on the wafer. In addition, the emission imaging devices include one or more IR sensors designed to detect "hot spots" when the DUT is energized by suitable probes and associated electronics. The emission image showing the defect is superimposed with the illuminated (reflected) image. Suitable equipment for backside illumination and emission inspection is commercially available from Hypervision, Inc. and other manufacturers.
In accordance with the present invention, probe station 10 is equipped with a backside emission adapter shown generally at 24, arranged to be supported on the reference surface 20a of chuck support 20. The adapter could also be supported directly on the chuck or could be incorporated into and/or fixedly attached to the chuck support. The backside emission adapter (referred to hereinafter as BEA or "adapter") serves to support the wafer carrier and wafer in an inverted position, following the movements of chuck support 20. The term "inverted position" is opposed to the conventional probing arrangement wherein the silicon wafer is held on top of a wafer carrier with the probes above the DUT. Reference to the exploded perspective view of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the BEA 24 will be explained in detail.
Referring to FIG. 5, BEA 24 includes a frame shown generally at 26 having a circular base 30 adapted to fit on the chuck support 20, a pedestal 31 (see FIG. 14) supporting a bridge member 32 and a ring support 34, with extending portions 36. Ring support 34 is held spaced from bridge 32 by means of legs 38 beneath the extensions 36.
Disposed within the opening of ring support 34 is a leveling ring 40 which, in turn, has a depending circumferential lip 42. Support lip 42 serves to support a wafer carrier shown generally at 46. The underside of wafer carrier 46 (see FIG. 6) defines a downwardly facing, circular surface 48 (second reference surface) for supporting a silicon wafer 50 of the same diameter. A safety ring 52 slips over the circumferential edge of wafer 50 and edge of wafer carrier 46 so that both fit within the leveling ring 40. Leveling ring 40 further includes rotatable bars 54, which lock the wafer carrier 46 in the ring 40.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the wafer carrier 46 defines carefully positioned openings 56, 58 which are arranged so that the backside of any device on wafer 50 may be exposed through one of the openings 56, 58 by rotatably positioning the wafer. Wafer 50 may be prepared by thinning at the location of the DUT with a milling machine as shown by area 60. The thinned wafer is extremely fragile at this location and is fully supported by wafer carrier 46 around the openings 56, 58. A vacuum hose 62 is connected to wafer carrier 46 to retain the wafer to the surface 48, and may be conveniently turned off and on at this point by a control knob 63.
While the wafer carrier 46 with openings 56, 58 is a preferred carrier because of the full support of the fragile wafer, it is possible to use an adapter as described with a wafer carrier which is completely open and only supports the wafer at the circumferential edge. This is less desirable because it is more likely to result in inadvertent and irretrievable damage of an expensive wafer.
Referring to FIG. 6 of the drawing, the underside or working surface 48 of carrier 46 is shown to include conventional grooves 64 providing uniform vacuum passages to securely hold the silicon wafer to surface 48.
Referring again to FIG. 5, the leveling ring includes means to adjust the position of wafer carrier 46, specifically its surface 48, with respect to the chuck support plane of motion. Three adjustment screws 66, 68, 70 with adjacent locking set screws 67, 69, 71 are provided to adjust the plane of the leveling ring and with it the wafer carrier 46 and wafer support surface 48 in a known manner by adjusting the screws until an indicator probe mounted on the platform 14 indicates that surface 48 is moving in a plane parallel to the platform reference plane.
Lastly, the leveling ring also includes four internally threaded holes, one of which is indicated at 72. Holes 72 are located at the vertices of a rectangle for a purpose to be explained in conjunction with the probe card holder.
As seen in FIGS. 1-3, the backside emission adapter (BEA) 24 may be used in conjunction with a probe card holder (PCH) 25. PCH 25 will now be described in detail by reference to FIGS. 7-11 of the drawing. PCH 25 comprises three parts, a leveling frame 74 and a pair of platform bases 76, 78, which support the leveling frame. Leveling frame 74, in turn, includes a pair of side rails 80, 82 attached to cross members 84, 86. Base 70 includes a flat plate 88 with its underside adapted for vacuum attachment to the platform surface 14a, using hose connection and control knob shown at 79. Base 76 is similarly adapted for vacuum attachment with hose fitting and control knob 77. Other equivalent means of attachment to platform surface 14a include magnetic means or attachments.
The details of the spring loaded support and adjustment are discussed in connection with base 78. An upright cross piece 90 is attached by screws to plate 88, and a spring loaded support cross piece 92 attached to cross piece 90 supports the cross member 86 of the leveling frame. Base 78 is similarly constructed.
In order to see the details of the spring loaded adjustment and support for one end of the leveling frame, see FIG. 10 which is a cross section taken along lines X--X of FIG. 7. As shown in FIG. 10, a screw 94 extends through an open ended slot 96 in the end of cross member 86, and through a hole in cross member 92. Member 92 is sidably mounted by screw 100 against a compression spring 98. Member 92 may be clamped against member 90 by means of a screw 100. This arrangement allows for removal of the leveling frame 74 from platform base 78 by loosening screw 94 and utilizing slot 96. Secondly, the member 92 is vertically adjustable with respect to plate 88 by means of spring 98 and the clamping screw 100 when the proper position is achieved.
The tops of rails 80, 82 are provided with raised leveling surfaces 102, 104 with carefully machined upper surfaces (or third reference surfaces) to be used in conjunction with the self-leveling feature for calibration and adjustment of planarity of the probe card holder 25. A typical probe card 106 is shown with opposite edges positioned along and beneath the edges of surfaces 102, 104. As is well known in the art, probe card 106 includes probing needles 108 electrically connected to corresponding leads 110 on the probe card surface. Although normal probing is done with the tips of the needles pointed downwardly toward the DUT, in the case of backside emission inspection, the probing needles are directed upwardly toward the device on the inverted silicon wafer.
Probe card 106 is held by special clamping devices 112, 114 mounted on the respective rails 80, 82. Reference to the detail view of FIG. 11 illustrates the construction of clamp 112. An angled clamping member 116 is pivotably mounted on a pin 118. A threaded member 120 with a conical section 122 may be screwed into the rail 80 by manually rotating the knob 124. The conical section acts as a wedge and causes clamp 116 to pivot about pin 118, so as to clamp the probe card 106 against the lower side of the leveling surface plate 102. In this manner, the upper surface of probe card 106 is substantially parallel to the upper surface of plate 102.
Although the invention is especially useful when used in conjunction with the probe card holder 25, reference to FIG. 4 of the drawing shows the probe station 10 as previously described but omitting the details of the DUT viewing optics 22 and the backside emission imaging device 23, it being understood that these will be the same as in FIGS. 1-3. The identical elements of probe station 10 shown in FIGS. 1-3 are indicated by the same reference numerals in FIG. 4. Also the BEA 24 is illustrated and constructed in the same manner as previously described above.
Instead of the probe card holder 25, shown in FIG. 1, a conventional probe manipulator 126 is shown incorporating a probe holder 128 positioned to probe upwardly against the inverted silicon wafer held in the BEA wafer carrier previously described. Several such manipulators 126 may be employed in order to probe and energize the wafer for backside emission inspection. A suitable manipulator is the HOP 2000 manipulator manufactured by Wentworth Laboratories. Also illustrated in FIG. 4 is a video camera 130 with extension viewing tube 132. Viewing tube 132 is equipped at its terminating end with illumination, prism and optics in a manner which will be described in detail later but not shown in FIG. 4. Also, the same video camera 130 and extension viewing tube 132 will be employed in the system shown in FIGS. 1-3, but is not shown in those figures in order to avoid complicating the drawing. However, it will be understood that camera 130 and viewing tube 132 are normally employed as an integral part of the backside emission inspection system.
The camera system includes a conventional video camera 130 with viewing tube 132 disposed on a mounting 134 permitting its rotation about an axis. Mounting 134 is supported on a base plate 136, which is adapted for vacuum attachment to platform surface 14a, and having a vacuum control knob as before.
Details of the terminating end of viewing tube 132 are seen in plan view of FIG. 12 and elevation view of FIG. 13. An optical element (lens) 138 and prism 140 direct a viewed image on the underside of wafer 50 toward video camera 130. The wafer inspection point is illuminated by angled LED's 142, 144, 146 disposed about the prism exit point and directed toward the wafer. The image thus illuminated and viewed is rotated and adjusted by the appropriate software in the computer to compensate for the fact that probing is taking place in the reverse direction from that conventionally done.
As shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, the probe card holder 25 is used in conjunction with the backside emission adapter 24. The backside emission adapter 24 supports the wafer carrier 46 (FIG. 5) from the chuck support surface as best seen in FIG. 1. The side rails 80, 82 of the leveling frame of PCH 25 pass through the space between bridge 32 and ring support 34 of BEA 24.
A clearer view of the calibrating operation is illustrated in the simplified cross sectional view of FIG. 14. There, the platform 14 with reference surface 14a and the chuck support 20 with support surface 20a are shown in phantom lines. BEA 24 rests on the chuck and carrier ring 46 (without the silicon wafer or safety ring) is shown after it has been leveled with the first adjustment means of the leveling ring. The adjustment places the second reference surface 48 on the wafer carrier to move in a plane parallel with the plane of the platform reference surface.
The probe card holder 25 comprises the mounting base member 76, 78 vacuum clamped to the reference surface 14a of platform 14 and supporting the leveling frame 74. The clamping screws 100 are loosened so that frame 74 is movable with respect to mounting plate 76, 78 on the biasing springs. Chuck support 20 is lowered until the upwardly facing leveling surfaces 102, 104 (third reference surface) contact the downwardly facing wafer carrier reference surface 48 (second reference surface). Then screws 100 are tightened to clamp the leveling frame 74. In this manner, the plane containing leveling surfaces 102, 104 is co-planar with the silicon support surface 48. This is the self-leveling feature of the invention and is easily and quickly accomplished.
Calibration in the aforesaid manner of the probe card holder with the backside emission adapter takes place as described above. Next, the clamps 54 are rotated to allow removal of the wafer carrier ring 46, which is turned over as shown in FIG. 6, the wafer 50 and safety ring 52 applied, vacuum is applied and then the carrier is turned back over and placed in the leveling ring and clamped in place. The wafer is located so that the DUT is below one of the windows 56, 58 in the carrier, while the rest of the wafer is supported around the windows. The DUT is energized and probed, either using the probe card 106 in probe card holder 25 or probe manipulators 126 as desired. Backside emission inspections are carried out, while probing is monitored and controlled by chuck movements with the assistance of the video camera imaging system previously described.
As mentioned in connection with FIG. 2, threaded holes 72 are provided laid out in a rectangular pattern. These correspond to the spacing of rails 80, 82. In the case of irregular probe cards, further fine adjustment is possible by employing holes 72, together with leveling screws two of which are seen at 148, 150. These are employed after a probe card is in place and a silicon wafer is supported in the wafer carrier 46. Screws 100 clamping the leveling frame may be loosened, and screws 148, 150 manipulated while observing imaging during actual probing to fine tune the planarity of the actual probe needle points with the silicon rather than depending upon planarity of the probe card and silicon supporting surfaces. Then screws 100 are re-tightened and probing commenced for backside emission inspection.
While there has been described what is considered to be the preferred embodiment of the invention, other modifications will occur to those skilled in the art. It is desired to secure in the appended claims all such modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
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|23 Oct 2009
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|Northamptonshire Police Authority
|Fingerprint detection
|12 Jul 2013
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|High frequency probe card
|12 Jul 2013
|26 Ene 2016
|Mpi Corporation
|Probe holding structure and optical inspection device equipped with the same
|24 Jun 2002
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|20 Dic 2001
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|Wentworth Laboratories, Inc.
|Method for chemically etching photo-defined micro electrical contacts
|8 Abr 2003
|13 Nov 2003
|Strasbaugh, Inc., A California Corporation
|Protection of work piece during surface processing
|11 Abr 2003
|18 Mar 2004
|Wentworth Laboratories, Inc.
|Temperature compensated vertical pin probing device
|24 Oct 2003
|12 Ago 2004
|Wentworth Laboratories, Inc.
|Method for forming photo-defined micro electrical contacts
|16 Abr 2003
|21 Oct 2004
|Jeffrey Blackwood
|Wafer-mounted micro-probing platform
|16 Abr 2003
|21 Oct 2004
|Barr Andrew Harvey
|Electronic probe with positionable tip
|23 Abr 2004
|28 Oct 2004
|Renesas Technology Corp.
|Failure analyzer
|28 May 2004
|4 Nov 2004
|Harris Daniel L.
|Indexing rotatable chuck for a probe station
|6 Ene 2005
|2 Feb 2006
|Mjc Probe Incorporation
|Integrated circuit probe card
|20 Jul 2006
|5 Abr 2007
|Powerchip Semiconductor Corp.
|System and method for visual inspection of wafer
|21 Dic 2005
|21 Jun 2007
|Suss Microtec Test Systems Gmbh
|Device for testing thin elements
|13 Jul 2007
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|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Device for detecting chip location and method of detecting chip location using the device
|1 Sep 2009
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|Star Technologies Inc.
|Enclosed probe station
|23 Oct 2009
|16 Feb 2012
|Northamptonshire Police Authority
|Fingerprint detection
|14 Ago 2014
|4 Dic 2014
|Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.
|Probe card partition scheme
|Clasificación de EE.UU.
|324/750.2, 324/754.03, 324/762.05, 324/756.02
|Clasificación internacional
|Clasificación cooperativa
|Clasificación europea
|14 Jul 1997
Owner name: WENTWORTH LABORATORIES, INC., CONNECTICUT
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BROWN, JOHN;COSTELLO, MATTHEW J.;DOS SANTOS, LUCIANO P.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:008690/0562
Effective date: 19970710
|27 Mar 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|28 Mar 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|28 Mar 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
I've been busy doing analysis for the next article in my cio.com Firefox series of articles, looking at vulnerability disclosures during 2007 and 2008 and I stumbled upon a little factoid that I had not previously noticed – no single version of Firefox was available for the full year of 2008.
In retrospect, I should have known this would happen, given the Mozilla policy of supporting the predecessor version for 6 months after a new release.
Here is what the timeline looks like:
In my interactions with customer councils, I've found that enterprise administrators expect longer support lifecycles and much longer transition times than those shown here.
On the other hand, maybe it is different for IT departments managing browsers in the enterprise than it is for other applications …
I'm curious, what are your thoughts on this?
Regards ~ Jeff


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I introduced you last month to the spoken word performer "Propaganda," who combines a Godly message with a look and style I find discomforting. After reading of my prejudice, a friend sent me a link to Propaganda's performance piece, "Crimson Cord."
Clearly, I am not Propaganda's primary audience. Still, I appreciate his message of a "crimson cord" interwoven through the human experience.
In a separate video Propaganda explained his motivation for writing Crimson Cord. Propaganda observed our experience with God is less like the book of Joshua, where God performs big miracles — like holding the sun still in the sky, parting the Jordan River, etc. — and more like the book of Ruth, where God's actions are embedded into the everyday workings of life, in the serendipitous story of our lives. As Propaganda says, God's miracles are in a "crimson cord."
You might not be familiar with the story of Ruth. Its most famous passage is where Ruth proclaims "wherever you go, I will go. Wherever you live, I will live. Your people will be my people. Your God will be my God." Ruth's proclamation is often cited as an exemplar of commitment, often in weddings, although Ruth's statement is to her mother-in-law, not to a spouse.
The message Propaganda takes from Ruth is the serendipitous nature of God's providence. God's miracles are not necessarily found in the parting of a river but rather in the kindness of a stranger. God's miracles are in the devotion of a daughter-in-law to her mother-in-law. God's miracles are found in the generosity of the wealthy to the poor and hungry. God's miracles are in the integrity of Boaz' response to Ruth's presence. God's miracles are interwoven into everyday life.
I happened to see my Rabbi friend shortly after seeing Propaganda's video, and I asked the Rabbi for his spin on Propaganda's observation. Rabbi Peter said, "The shame is that we don't recognize the miracles around us as miracles. When two people go into a room to have a baby and three people come out, that's a miracle, but we don't acknowledge it as miraculous."
Our culture has defined a "miracle" as something that defies the laws of science, something that is "contrary to the established laws of nature." Instead, perhaps the established laws of nature are themselves miracles.
The 1991 movie "Grand Canyon" has long been one of my favorite "message movies." It is about miracles, "little" miracles, miracles as serendipity. The miracles in Grand Canyon are ones like a tow truck showing up to tow Kevin Kline's car just as a gang is about to mess with him, Kline befriending the tow truck driver (Danny Glover) and connecting Glover to his future spouse, moving a family out of a gang-infested neighborhood into one with better opportunities.
In one of the movie's "miracles," Kline's wife, Mary McDonnell, finds an abandoned baby in the bushes while jogging. McDonnell views all of this as miraculous, though Kline is skeptical anything is miraculous, to which McDonnell observes, "Maybe we don't have any experience with miracles, so we're slow to recognize them."
I believe McDonnell's character's observation is right. We are constantly surrounded by miracles, but we don't have experience classifying them as miracles, so we don't recognize them as such.
About a month ago, I posted this statement on Facebook: "God's magnificence is most often found in the ordinary, an ordinary birth, an ordinary friendship, an ordinary job, an ordinary parent, an ordinary thunder shower, an ordinary act of service."
Though these are ordinary, they are miraculous and are part of the serendipity of life.
Dr. James Hallmark is the vice chancellor for academic affairs at Texas A&M University. He may be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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- News
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- Sports
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- Technology
The Canadian Football League is re-inventing itself, making players proud and fans and advertisers happy.
But despite the CFL's new-found popularity, the league can't afford a drug-testing policy like the National Football League.
If we could do that maybe we could get another zero added to our salary cap.
Because a CFL player was arrested last week in Hamilton on drug charges, some folks in the news media are calling for the Canadian league to implement drug testing.
I say, "Hold up! Wait just a minute."
It would be a fantasy to say professional sport is as clean as a Disney picture.
Professional athletes share the same ills as everyone else, but I would argue to lesser degree than society as a whole.
In the NFL, drug testing is real.
I remember one morning at the San Francisco 49ers facility. A strange individual as cool as the other side of the pillow asked me for a urine sample.
I thought no big deal until he watched me take care of my business
He was closer than a doctor at that moment and I knew then this was a serious affair.
The irony of it all is that for some athletes steroids really don't help their performance at all.
And I know for a fact that most CFL stars compete not by juicing up their bodies with performance-enhancing drugs, but by having game and skills.
Success, as we in the big baller community like to say, comes from hard work and god given talent.
Not from a bottle.
I'm Daved Benefield of the Winnipeg Blue Bombers and that's The Last Word.


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Ruan Transport has a full-time Diesel Technician position available for our dedicated customer located in San Antonio, TX.
About Ruan
At Ruan, we consider our Diesel Technicians to be among our most valuable assets. Our founder, John Ruan, personally hauled his first load of gravel with his single truck in 1932, and his transportation company was born. Over its nearly 79 year history, Ruan has grown to become one of the largest family owned, privately held transportation firms in the county, specializing in dedicated contract carriage, bulk transportation and integrated services.
With a home office based in Des Moines, Iowa, our work culture encourages a healthy work-life balance. Employees are regularly given the opportunity to volunteer within their communities to continue the philanthropic heritage of founder John Ruan.
Ruan offers an industry-leading wage and benefits package!
About the Position
Responsibilities include but are not limited to:
Dedicated to Diversity
"The benefits are good. The pay is competitive and it's a happy place to work. I enjoy working here. It's upbeat and fast-paced. Ruan has taken good care of me."
- J.T. Wheetley Ruan Diesel Technician
Apply today to join the Ruan team, one of the most respected trucking companies in the industry. Call 800-TRY-RUAN for more information!
©2016 Ruan. All Rights Reserved|Privacy Policy |Site Map
Ruan Corporate Headquarters
3200 Ruan Center
666 Grand Ave,
Des Moines, Iowa 50309
(866) 782-6669


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Sahibzadi's Group
Sahibzadi has applied for a loan from Kiva's partner Asasah for her brother who is a rickshaw driver. He provides transportation services to his passengers and drops them off at their designated places. Currently, his rickshaw needs maintenance because its engine is creating problems which don't allow him to run it for long hours. With the fully repaired rickshaw, he can continue his work and provide the best transportation services to his passengers.
Sahibzadi is a regular lender with Asasah and this is her 3rd loan application. In previous loan years, she has maintained good credit behavior and never missed a meeting. Note: In the photo, Sahibzadi is raising her hand.
Additional Information
This is a Group Loan
In a group loan, each member of the group receives an individual loan but is part of a larger group of individuals. The group is there to provide support to the members and to provide a system of peer pressure, but groups may or may not be formally bound by a group guarantee. In cases where there is a group guarantee, members of the group are responsible for paying back the loans of their fellow group members in the case of delinquency or default.
Kiva's Field Partners typically feature one borrower from a group. The loan description, sector, and other attributes for a group loan profile are determined by the featured borrower's loan. The other members of the group are not required to use their loans for the same purpose.
About Pakistan
274View loans »
Success!! The loan was 100% repaid
- Repayment Term
- 13 months (Additional Information)
- Repayment Schedule
- Monthly
- Pre-Disbursed:
- Nov 27, 2010
- Listed
- Dec 1, 2010
- Currency Exchange Loss:
- Possible
- Ended:
- Nov 15, 2011


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Tag: Coconut
Fried Modak – Version 1
Kadamba Chutney
"Kadambam" means mixture. This Kadamba Chutney can be prepared with different combinations using ingredients like tomato, onion, garlic, ginger, coriander leaves, curry leaves, mint leaves, coconut, dhals etc. Basic ingredients for the chutney are Chillies, tamarind and salt (உப்பு, புளி, மிளகாய்). To this we can add more suitable ingredients and […]
Beet Root Poriyal
Milk Coconut Burfi
Coconut Burfi
Sweet Puttu
Coconut Dhal Chutney
In a kadai put one teaspoon oil and fry separately asafetida and dhal till it turn light brown. Add tamarind and green chillies and fry for two to three seconds. Finally add coconut and fry everything together for a second. Remove and cool it. Add salt and grind to a […]
Coconut Curry Leaves Chutney
Brinjal Kara Kuzhambu
The Brinjal Kara Kuzhambu goes well with rice as a main dish. Soak tamarind and salt in water. Squeeze out the juice, add water and make 3 cups of tamarind water. Cut the brinjal into medium size pieces. Cut the tomato into four pieces. Cut the big onion lengthwise. Cut […]


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Shapeways: Bring your creativity to life in 3D http://www.shapeways.com/forum/index.php Shapeways: Bring your creativity to life in 3D What type of machine used for 3d printing? http://www.shapeways.com/forum/index.php?t=rview&goto=41355&th=7679#msg_41355 <![CDATA[Can anybody tell me what type of machine is used to print food-safe, glazed ceramic? I found a video of how the process works, and it almost looked like a polyjet printer? But as far as I know the only way to print ceramic is with SLS (Selective Laser Sintering)... Sorry for asking such a technical question, I searched the site and FAQ for the answer and found this to be a very cool site but I could not find the answer to my question. I

 Thanks! ]]> crabigailrose 2012-01-07T05:11:35-00:00 Re: What type of machine used for 3d printing? http://www.shapeways.com/forum/index.php?t=rview&goto=41381&th=7679#msg_41381 <![CDATA[Hello.
 The Materials page for Ceramics tells you all about the process and a quick video showing it.
 Tom.

 EDIT: Materials Page]]> underitall 2012-01-07T15:01:10-00:00 Re: What type of machine used for 3d printing? http://www.shapeways.com/forum/index.php?t=rview&goto=41429&th=7679#msg_41429 <![CDATA[Thanks, I saw that materials page, however I still couldn't find the answer to my question. I am wondering specifically what kind of machine does the 3d printing for ceramics. Is it a polyjet machine? SLS? something else? ]]> crabigailrose 2012-01-08T05:32:04-00:00


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Plus a cat café, new music from Brody Dalle, a look at racist microaggressions in academia, et plus!
June's theme is ADVENTURE.
Here's what kinds of submissions we're looking for, plus info on how to send us your work. ✴
Rookie is an online magazine and book series for teenagers. Each month, a different editorial theme drives the writing, photography, and artwork that we publish. Learn more about us here, and find out how to submit your work here!


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What kind of temps and how much rain can i expect on the PCH Route starting June 1 in Seattle to San Fran? From the looks of the mileage 21 days should be plenty of time to do this route. Give me you feedback.
What kind of temps and how much rain can i expect on the PCH Route starting June 1 in Seattle to San Fran? From the looks of the mileage 21 days should be plenty of time to do this route. Give me you feedback.
Bring good rain gear including H2O proof socks and gloves and you will be happy. Who knows global warming my give you 21 days of sun. The days will be very long so you can ride or stop as the weather directs you. Odds are you will see some rain with temps in the mid 50s to 60s most days on the coast.
a number of years ago, as part of a longer tour, i traveled that route starting at the end of June. weather was perfect. little or no rain and good consistent tailwinds all the way. and ya, 21 days should be enough.
Previous years, it's "sort of", the Dry season . also called Junuary .
Last edited by fietsbob; 01-04-13 at 01:52 PM.
IME June 1 is still the tail end of the rainy season; perhaps just a week early. If you have good fenders and rain gear it really doesn't matter though.
At this time of year the weather is iffy. It can easily be sunny and warm the entire three weeks. It can just as easily be rainy, cold, and miserable. Hope for the best but prepare for the worst.
To the OP: I toured in that general vicinity around your exact same time frame last year. This is what I remember of the weather:
- Out of the nine days of my tour, it didn't rain AT ALL on only two of the days. Every other day had some amount of precipitation at one point, anywhere from drizzle/mist to almost a hard rain. The rain was more on the light side overall.
- I saw sun on maybe half of those days, but not usually all day.
- Daytime high temps ranged from 50-65F. I don't think it ever topped 70F.
- Nighttime lows ranged from 40-60F.
So be prepared for rain and cool but not necessarily cold weather. As other commenters have mentioned, you can luck out and get some sparkly sunny days in the 70s, but don't plan on it.
Last edited by adventurepdx; 01-03-13 at 10:34 PM. Reason: remembered another dry day
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Thanks for the info from all above posters. Plan at this time is to start June 15 due to work schedule. Any LBS that anyone can recommend in Seattle that will accept a bike shipped in and assembled before my arrival would be appreciated. One more question..........Is there a ferry to ge me across the bay after riding over the Golden Gate Bridge? I will be wanting to get to the Amtrak station in Emeryville at the end of the tour to catch the train back to Colorado.
Thanks again for the replies.
Moved away in 1990,so not up to the minute..
there is a ferry to Angel Island, from SF, but it is not connecting to Marin County.
Emeryville is in the East bay south of Berkeley. so as above BART, off Peak hours,
Check Cal Trans, maybe there is a bike shuttle across the Carquinez straits Bridge from Vallejo, south to The ContraCosta side,
or across the Richmond - San Rafael bridge.. but that precludes the GG bridge ride.
Last edited by fietsbob; 01-09-13 at 11:22 AM.
You can ride from Jack London Square to Emeryville Amtrak (about 5 miles), or take a bus. (If only the California Zephyr still originated at Jack London Square than Emeryville...)
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http://anglelakecycle.com/ - 206-878-7457
Just Avoid peak rush hour used by the 8 to 6 workers..


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Sturgis Rally Concerts 2015 – the best concerts in the world – all in one week!
Sturgis Rally Concerts let you party ALL night long! Of course the Rally is synonymous with Rocking Live Concerts every night during the Rally – the only tough decision you have to make is which of the Sturgis 2015 Rally concerts to attend!
Between the famous HUGE acts that play the Buffalo Chip, and the Full Throttle Saloon to the smaller stages featuring the hottest local and nationwide house bands, Sturgis Rally will truly rock you!
Here is the 2015 Lineup and Locations:
Saturday August 1st
Saturday, August 1st – BUFFALO CHIP
Alice Cooper, Five Finger Death Punch and Sweet Cyanide
Sunday August 2nd
Sunday, August 2nd – BUFFALO CHIP
Brantley Gilbert
Monday August 3rd
Monday, August 3rd – BUFFALO CHIP
Godsmack, Dee Snider and Nazareth
Monday, August 3rd – EASYRIDERS SALOON
Quiet Riot
Tuesday August 4th
Tuesday, August 4th – BUFFALO CHIP
Lynyrd Skynyrd and Shinedown
Wednesday August 5th
Wednesday, August 5th – BUFFALO CHIP
John Fogerty and Social Distortion
Thursday August 6th
Thursday, August 6th – BUFFALO CHIP
Styx and Buckcherry
Friday August 7th
Friday, August 7th – BUFFALO CHIP
Def Leppard
Friday, August 7th – BROKEN SPOKE SALOON
Hank Williams Jr.
Buffalo Chip Campground
In it's 31st year of hosting one of the largest Sturgis Rally concerts and parties, the Buffalo Chip Campground offers a wild ride for anyone daring enough to climb on. This years line-up will be one of the best! Check out their Line-Up HERE
Full Throttle Saloon
The Full Throttle Saloon – where everyone is welcome, boast itself as the worlds largest biker bar, and offers what every biker is looking for in Sturgis: a cold beer and a great time! Check out their Line-Up HERE
Glencoe Camp Resport
Glencoe CampResort is the biker's choice for the best entertainment, camping, RV facilities, and overall accomodations during the 2012 Sturgis Rally. Learn more and see the lineup: HERE
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Seattle's DeAndre Yedlin and Mercer Island's Jordan Morris, two promising Sounders FC products, have been called into U.S. under-20 training camp and could make the roster for this summer's FIFA U-20 World Cup in Turkey.
TUKWILA — Many of the world's young soccer stars will be featured in the FIFA U-20 World Cup this summer in Turkey, and a pair of promising local products could be there.
Sounders FC defender DeAndre Yedlin, 19, and academy forward Jordan Morris, 18, were each called into the U.S. under-20 national team Monday. And during the weeklong training camp in California, coach Tab Ramos will make evaluations toward his final roster for the tournament, which will run from June 21 to July 13.
The U.S. was drawn into a difficult group with Spain, France and Ghana.
Yedlin, a Seattle native, said a few weeks ago he has been thinking about the World Cup for "a long time."
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"I think every player dreams of playing in a World Cup, whether it be the U-20s, U-17s or the full team," he added. "It's definitely been a goal of mine."
Yedlin, who wasn't a part of World Cup qualifying, has done about everything he could this season to support his case. As Seattle's starting right back, he has played in all 10 games, including the CONCACAF Champions League, and leads the Sounders with 729 minutes played.
Coach Sigi Schmid said Yedlin is expected back Sunday, meaning the O'Dea High School product should be available for Seattle's next league game: May 4 at Philadelphia.
Morris, a Mercer Island native, is a newcomer at the youth national level after starring for the Sounders' U-18 academy team.
"In Jordan's case," Ramos said, "Sigi Schmid thinks very highly of him, and we value his opinion."
Ramos also applauded Morris' success at the academy level, where the Stanford commit has scored 22 goals in 22 games.
Schmid, a former U.S. youth national team coach, explained what Ramos will be looking for from Yedlin and Morris this week: "You see how quickly guys adapt. Some guys are swimmers and some guys sink."
In other U-20 news, former Sounders FC goalkeeper Kasey Keller will serve as an assistant coach for the youth national team.
Bates ready to work
The dream of being a professional soccer player required a wait from Sounders FC's Will Bates. But the rookie forward, after a couple months of recovery from knee and shin injuries, said he's ready to contribute upon signing last week.
"I didn't come here to be a practice player," said Bates, a Virginia product. "Just got to start from the bottom and work your way up slowly through the reserves, and when that opportunity comes you have to make the most of it."
• MLS is allowing intraleague loans this year for the first time in league history. The loans are for players under 25 years old and last the entire season. Schmid said he's unsure what the impact of the new rule will be. "It's the first year the league has really introduced it, so I think there's going to be a little bit of trepidation there from teams," he added.
• Reign FC midfielder Jess Fishlock has been voted NWSL Player of the Week. The 26-year-old Welshwoman scored Seattle's goal in Sunday's 2-1 road loss at Portland.
Joshua Mayers: 206-464-3184 or email@example.com.


text:
I've relented: rather than the near-complete separation of this blog from anime-related subjects that I had originally planned, I've given in to my past tradition and am going to post the complete results of my con experience this year on my main blog after all.
This is something brand new: a multipart video diary of my experiences! It also has lots of interviews with fans and some candid footage of a con in disarray and disorganization. Things were not so well-run this year and the complaints are surfacing all over the Net right now. This is a small addition to that cloud of witnesses.
I will be writing a written account of my thoughts and feelings within the week as well. Stay tuned.


text:
|Numéro de publication
|Type de publication
|Date de publication
|20 mars 1973
|Date de dépôt
|29 avr. 1971
|Date de priorité
|29 avr. 1971
|Numéro de publication
|Hoffland J
|Cessionnaire d'origine
|Fmc Corp
|Exporter la citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citations de brevets (10), Référencé par (73), Classifications (6), Événements juridiques (2)
|Liens externes: USPTO, Cession USPTO, Espacenet
United States Patent 1 1 1111 Hoffland 1March 20, 1973 [5 THREE-WAY VALVE 2,853,102 9 1958 Walker ..137/625.47 x Inventor: J p v. Hon-land, Minneapolis Kalser et al ....l37/625.47 X 38,610 5/1863 Stewart "251/311 [73] Assignee: F MC Corporation, San Jose, Calif. P E S l S i rimary xaminer amue cott [22] F'led: 1971 Att0rneyF. W. Anderson, C. Tripp and R. S. 21 Appl. No.: 138,507 y- [52] US. Cl ..l37/625.47, 251/312 [57] ABSTRACT [51] Int. Cl ..Fl6k 11/00 A hr e-way valve includes a rotatable valve plug [58] Field of Search 137/625.47, 625.48; 251/309, whi h has a g n rally T-sh ped passageway 251/310, 311, 312 therethrough to permit transfer of fluid between a main port selectively to or from either or both side [56] References Cited ports of the valve. The plug is exteriorly recessed so as to provide secondary flow paths on the periphery of UNITED STATES PATENTS the plug from the central leg of the T-shaped 2,991,804 7/1961 Merkle ..137/625.47 x passageway to the Side legs thereof so that there will 3,185,179 5/1965 Harautuneian ..137/625.47 be no paces n e plug passageway where fluid will 2,298,771 10/1942 Lamar ..137/625.47 stagnate when the plug is rotated to direct the flow 3,012,752 l2/l96l Buck ..251/309 between the main port and only one of the side ports, 2,475,702 7/1949 Funke... l37/625.47 X 2,725,121 11/1955 Lowe ..251/309 X 6 Claims, 6 Drawing Figures PATENTEUMAR20|975 sum 1 or INVENTOR. JOSEPH v. HOFFLAND BY C? (9 V ATTOR EYS PATENTEDmzo 197s SHEET 2 OF 2 FIE I Ei nation problem THREE-WAY VALVE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention pertains to valves, and more particularly, it pertains to valves having rotary plugs for selectively directing fluid between a plurality of ports.
2. Description of the Prior Art Three-way valves having rotary plugs with generally T-shaped or three-legged passageways are in common usage today where it is desired to transfer fluid between a primary connection and either one or both ofa pair of secondary connections. By rotating the plug, which may be cylindrical, spherical or conical in shape, the center leg of the plug passageway can be oriented so as to communicate with primary connection while the adjacent passageway legs are in communication with the secondary connections. By further rotating the plug, approximately 90 with the usual T-shaped plug passageway, the center leg is moved into communication with one of the secondary connections whileone of the adjacent legs is placed in communication with the primary connection and the other secondary connection is blocked. By rotating the plug approximately 180 from this last position, it will be appreciated that the center leg will be placed in communication with the other secondary connection while the other leg of the plug passageway is in communication with the primary connection and said one secondary connection is blocked.-lt will be recognized, however, that each of the latter two rotative positions of the plug will leave one leg of the plug passageway blocked by the valve body at the face of the plug. This portion of the plug passageway will then constitute a dead space within the plug where fluid which is transferred through the valve will be excluded from the main flow stream and can stagnate.
Where time-degradable fluids, such as molten polyester, are pumped or otherwise passed through the valve the problem of possible stagnation becomes a serious one which can produce undesirable effects in the fluid conducted through the valve, in the process in which the fluid is applied, or in the functioning of the fluid handling equipment including the valve itself. Consequently, there has been a continuing effort made in the valve manufacturing field to provide a new design for the rotary plug of a three-way valve which design will eliminate, or at least substantially reduce, the possibility of stagnation of fluid within the plug when'the plug is rotated into certain active operating positions.
One attempt to avoid the aforedescribed problem has been the provision of a plug for a three-way valve wherein the walls of the plug between the plug passages have been removed to leave only a single, enlarged passage in the plug. This plug need only be rotated approximately 45 from its position directing flow to or from both secondary connections to a position directing flow to or from only one of the secondary connections. While such a valve partially eliminates the stagin that it eliminates the blind passageway within the plug, the valve still has blind corners and resultant dead spaces within the plug that are removed from all flow paths and in which spaces stagnation can occur. Therefore, such valves have not proved to be an entirely satisfactory solution to the problem posed by time-degradable materials and their transference through a three-way valving system.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION With the three-way valve of the present invention, the aforedescribed stagnation problems are substantially completely eliminated. A rotary plug is provided which has a generally three-legged passageway within the plug for selectively directing fluid between a primary connection and a pair of secondary connections as with the rotary plugs of the prior art. However, the exterior surface of the plug of the present'invention' is grooved between one leg of the three-legged passageway and the other two legs thereof so as to provide secondary passages for the fluid about the periphery of the plug which will ensure some flow through each of the legs of the plugpassageway in each active position of the valve, i.e., in each valvev position wherein there isa continuous transfer of fluid between the external flow connections. These secondary passageways specifically provide a means to move the fluid through the normally blocked passage in-theplug when the plug has been rotated so as to transfer fluid between the primary connection and only one of the secondary connections.
The modified plug design of the present invention which provides the foregoing advantage in the handling of certain fluids is relatively simple and does not require complex and expensive machining operations to be performed on the plug. Consequently, thevalve ofthe present invention can be economically and com petitively produced. Furthermore, it should be noted BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a central section through the three-way valve of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a horizontal section taken along the line 2 2 of FIG. 1.
FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and 6 are reduced horizontal sections of the valve of the present invention, similar to FIG. 2, showing the four operative positions of the valve and indicating with arrows the direction of movement of the fluid through the valve.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED I EMBODIMENT The preferred form of the three-way rotary plug; valve is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings wherein a generally frusto-conical plug 12 is mounted for rotation within a valve body 14. The plug is provided with a stem 15 that extends outwardly from the valve body which stem is arranged to be turned by conventional means (not shown) to rotate the plug within the valve body. While the drawings and the present description are directed only to the preferred embodiment of the invention which utilizes a tapered plug of frusto-conical configuration, it will be recognized from the following description that the principles of the present invention can be applied to plugs having other geometrical configurations such as a spherical plug or a cylindrical plug.
The general structure of the rotary valve is entirely conventional wherein the valve body 14 is provided with three radially extending connector nozzles 16, 17 and 18 for attaching the valve to three external conduits with the central nozzle 17 being connected to a primary source of fluid and with the adjacent nozzles being connected to secondary discharge conduits. The nozzles are located in a common horizontal plane and are spaced 90 apart. Each of the nozzles is provided with an annular flange 22 at its distal end for connection to a conventional flanged pipe or the like, and each of the nozzles has a bore 24 extending therethrough and radially into the generally cylindrical body 14 of the valve.
Mounted securely inside of the body 14 of the valve is a valve seat 30 which has a tapered interior wall 32 adapted to mate with the tapered exterior surface of the rotary plug 12. The valve seat is sealed (by conventional means not shown) to the plug so as to permit relative rotation and has formed therein three radially extending ports 33 (FIG. 2) which are aligned with the bores 24 in the connector nozzles 16, 17 and 18. The plug is sealed within the valve body by conventional means including a packing retainer ring 34 (FIG. 1), which is titted about the. upper cylindrical wall of the valve body, and annular packing members 36 of compressible, resilient material which surround the stem of the plug adjacent its lowermost end. The packing members are secured in sealing engagement with the stem by the retainer ring and by a packing gland 38 which also surrounds the valve stem and is pressed down against the packing members to compress them.
The present invention is concerned with the generally T-shaped or three-legged passageway 40 which extends in a horizontal plane through the plug to selectively communicate with the ports 33 in the valve seat and, hence, the bores 24 in the connecting nozzles 16, 17 and 18. This plug passageway includes a radially extending central passage 42 which has a short portion 43 extending inwardly from the exterior surface of the valve plug and a reduced portion 44 which extends into the center of the valve plug to the junction with the two adjacent passages 46 and 47. The axes of the passages 46 and 47 are spaced slightly less than 90 from the axis of the passage 42 and thereby intersect with each other at an angle of slightly less than 180. Plug passages 46 and 47 extendradially outward from their juncture in the center of the plug to the exterior surface of the plug where they can mate with the ports 33 in the valve seat depending upon the rotative position of the plug.
As with conventional three-way valves having generally T-shaped fluid transfer passageways in the rotary plug element, the plug 12 of the present invention is designed to be rotated so that fluid will be transferred between the central passage or leg and one or both of the adjacent passages or legs of the T-shaped passageway. However, in the present invention, secondary passageways are provided between the central passage 42 and the outer passages 46 and 47 in order to continuously vent all of the interior passages in the plug. These secondary passageways comprise a pair of grooves 50 and 51 which connect the central passage 42 with the outer passages 46 and 47, respectively, with the grooves being cut into the peripheral surface of the plug and having a width generally corresponding to the diameter of the plug passages 42, 46 and 47. The purpose of these peripheral plug passages is, therefore,'to make the valve self-purging which is particularly important when the plug is in certain rotative positions wherein flow is directed between only two of the three external connections. The reduced portion 44 of the plug passage 42 will create a slight pressure buildup in this passage to aid in getting flow through the peripheral passages 50 and 51.
Obviously, rates of flow through the various passages in the plug 12 will vary. However, since the pressure drops across all of the passages are equalized due to the design thereof, flow will be provided in all passages and stagnation within the plug will be prevented. Dimensional parameters of the passages and their particular contours may be varied to suit the particular characteristics of the fluid material adapted to be passed through the valve.
The operation of the valve of the present invention is shown diagrammatically in the operational views of FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and 6 with the flow paths through the valve being indicated with arrows.
FIG. 3 shows the main valve position wherein the central connector nozzle 17 is directing fluid to both of the side connector nozzles 16 and 18. Flow through the bore 24 in the central nozzle is directed to the central passage 42 of the plug and is then split between the side passages 46 and 47 which direct the flow, in turn, to the nozzles 16 and 18, respectively. In addition, a lesser amount of fluid is directed through the peripheral passages 50 and 51 to the nozzles 16 and 18, respectively, although this serves no useful purpose when the valve is in the position of FIG. 3.
In FIG. 4, the plug has been rotated 90 so that fluid from the central nozzle 17 isdirected solely out the side nozzle 16 while the plug body blocks the other nozzle 18. It will be noted that the main body of the fluid will flow through the passage 47 and out the passage 42 to the nozzle 16 with some fluid also going through the narrow passageway 51 to the connector nozzle. However, fluid which flows into the generally blocked passage 46 will also be permitted to exit the valve to the nozzle 16 through the secondary passageway 50 so that there will be no passages which will be closed to flow and, CO1 sequently, no stagnation spaces within the plug.
In FIG. 5, a similar but opposite valve position is provided wherein the valve is rotated l from the position of FIG. 4 so as to direct fluid from the central nozzle 17 to the side nozzle l8 with the main body of the fluid passing from the passage 46 out the central passage 42. In this position of the valve, it will be seen that the generally blocked passage 47 is relieved by the peripheral passageway 51 so that fluid passes out of this passage without stagnating.
FIG. 6 shows a fourth, inoperative position of the rotary valve wherein the main inlet nozzle 17 is blocked so that no fluid will pass into the valve. While stagnation may occur here, such stagnation is inevitable during process shut-downs and can be compensated for by draining the valve ports and the external conduits prior to the resumption of pumping through the valve.
While the valve of the present invention has been described in connection with a pumping operation wherein fluid is transferred from a primary inlet source selectively to one or both of a pair of discharge conduits, it will be recognized that the transfer of fluid may be accomplished in the opposite direction also, i.e., with fluid flowing selectively from one of or both of a pair of inlets to a single discharge conduit. By reversing the direction of all of the arrows in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, it will be seen wherein flow will be selectively directed from two separate inlet nozzles 16 and 18 into a single outlet nozzle 17 in the valve.
It will be seen that the three-way rotary plug valve of the present invention is provided with a unique design which overcomes a major problem encountered by the valves of the prior art wherein stagnation can occur when blind passages or blind corners are present in the internal porting of the rotary plug during certain rotative positions thereof. The structure of the valve is relatively simple and capable of being machined without undue expense. It will also be recognized that a troublefree valve is provided which can be maintained more easily and at less cost than similar valves of the prior art.
Although the best mode contemplated for carrying out the present invention has been herein shown and described, it will be apparent that modification and variation may be made without departing from what is regarded to be the subject matter of the invention.
What is claimed is:
l. A three-way valve comprising a valve body having three flow ports therein, a plug rotatably mounted in said valve body, said plug having a passageway therein arranged for communication with said ports in the valve body with the passageway including three radially extending passages having a common junction at the central portion of said plug, said plug having a pair of shallow peripheral grooves extending about the exterior surface thereof from one of said passages to each of the other passages and providing flow communication therebetween so that there are two flow paths connecting the radially outer portion of said one passage with each of said other passages with said flow paths dividing the flow between said outer portion said one passage and one of said other passages, one of said flow paths being through the body of said plug along said radially extending passages which path is arranged to carry a major portion of said flow and the other of said flow-paths being about the exterior surface of the plug which latter path is arranged to carry a minor portion of said flow, and means for rotating said plug to selectively transfer fluid between one port and either or both of the other ports of said valve with said peripheral grooves in the plug serving to prevent fluid from stagnating within said plug by providing a flow path through one of said peripheral grooves to an outlet port regardless of the relative rotative position of the plug.
2. A three-way valve according to claim 1 wherein said passage in the plug which communicates with both of said peripheral grooves has at least a portion thereof which is of a smaller diameter than the diameters of the otherXassages in said plug.
3. three-way valve according to claim 1 wherein said plug is of generally frusto-conical configuration.
4. A three-way valve according to claim 1 wherein said passageway in the plug is generally T-shaped in cross-section with the individual passages thereof extending in a common plane.
5. A three-way valve according to claim 4 wherein said peripheral grooves in the surface of the plug extend from the central passage in said T-shaped passageway to each of the adjacent passages spaced generally therefrom in said common plane.
6. A three-way valve according to claim 5 wherein the axes of the passages adjacent to said central passage intersect to form an angle of slightly less than measured through said central passage in said common plane.
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|Classification aux États-Unis
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|Assignment of assignor's interest
Owner name: FMC CORPORATION
Owner name: MCNALLY INDUSTRIES INC GRANTSBURG WIS
Effective date: 19820209
|1 mars 1982
Owner name: MCNALLY INDUSTRIES INC GRANTSBURG WIS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:FMC CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:003953/0256
Effective date: 19820209
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FMC CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:003953/0256
Owner name: MCNALLY INDUSTRIES INC, WISCONSIN


text:
Rapid reaction: Thunder smash Hornets 119-74 for season sweep
By Anthony Slater – email@example.com - @anthonyVslater
Oklahoma City thrashed the Hornets again on Wednesday, winning 119-74. Here's some rapid reaction:
Turning point
Just hours before tip, it was announced that Anthony Davis and Eric Gordon, two of the Hornets most dynamic players, would miss the game with lingering injuries.
It was over when…
…The Thunder, like they normally do in The Peake, quickly and easily took care of a scuffling opponent. OKC's nine-point first quarter lead ballooned to 17 points by halftime and 36 by the end of the third quarter. Kevin Durant and Russell Westbrook sat the entire fourth quarter for the 12th time this season. And the bench players mopped up a fourth consecutive dominant win over the Hornets this season. The victories have come by an average of 21.5 points.
Star of the game – Kevin Durant
Kevin Durant, who finished with 18 points, 11 rebounds and 10 assists in 27 effortless minutes, recorded his second triple-double in the past four games. That's a bit crazy, considering KD had only one triple-double in the first 432 games of his career and didn't record one in his first five seasons. Shows you the continued development of his versatile game.
The prettiest of Durant's 10 assists:
Stats of note
-Russell Westbrook finished the month of February 98-of-195 from the field. That's 50.2 percent, the highest FG% month of his career.
-Since the All-Star Break, OKC is shooting a ridiculous 93.2 percent from the free throw line (97/104 as a team).
-The Thunder is now 19-1 at home against Western Conference teams.
-Reggie Jackson had a career-high 14 points.
Derek Fisher shot 0-of-4 (all threes) in 21 minutes, but did add two assists and a steal. Ronnie Brewer had five points, four rebounds, an assist and two steals in 12 minutes (all garbage time).
Twitter check-in
Though this was funny
Up next
The Thunder have an interesting two-game road trip coming up, going to Denver on Friday night before a Sunday matchup with the Clippers. Both are playoff teams. Both will be intriguing tests.