text:
Wish List
Help keep the animals happy and our shelter running smoothly! Everything from cat litter (non-clumping kind) and Purina One dog food and cat food for shelter animals to laundry detergent for an "HE" washing machine and dishwasher detergent is needed. You may drop them off during regular shelter hours! Thank you for thinking of the animals! Your generosity is always appreciated!
- Food donations for our Community Pet Food Pantry
- Cat Litter (non-clumping kind)
- Purina One brand dog food and cat food for shelter animals
- Cat and dog treats
- Easy Walk dog harness (M, L, or XL)
- Laundry detergent
- Bleach (to disinfect the dog kennels and shared toys)
- Paper towels
- Marrow bones
- Dishwasher detergent (so we can clean food and water bowls at high heat)
- Large contractor trash bags (39 gal. or larger)
- Printer paper


text:
4 posts tagged with chicago by The Whelk.
Displaying 1 through 4 of 4.
Hang On, I Turned Into Two Ugly Guys And A Dog
Splitsider presents - The Top Eleven Sketch Comedy Groups On The Internet, featuring many Metafilter favorites. [more inside]
" I think it may be a front for a cult."
According to Yelp reviews, a Chicago-area Taco Bell is one of the best dining experience in the city people on r/Chicago over at reddit call it "magical.
This presumes fast Zombies of course.
Excercise a little abstract for you? Unable to see the point of going to the gym? Try ZombieFit and get in shape for the end of the world.
If Giovanni Ribisi's character isn't listed as "Pointlessly Gleeful Cunt" in the credits I will be so disappointed
Spike of Templar, AZ (Previously, Previously) tends to go on rants on twitter, now you can follow them.
Page: 1

subset: commoncrawl


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Orillian lung maggot
40,563pages on
this wiki
this wiki
An Orillian lung maggot was an undesirable creature.
In 2373, Neelix told Tosin that he would have no problem dying if it would get rid of an Orillian lung maggot like Tosin. (VOY: "Fair Trade")
Presumably this is a larva (a juvenile form that metamorphoses into an adult) of a creature hailing from or discovered by "Orill".


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Hello Friends,
I would like to know that is it safe to delete Software Distribution folder by using CCleaner? Does any body have any idea about this issue? Can any body provide me the correct logical solution for the above issue? Any kind of information on this issue would be appreciated.
Thanks a lot.


text:
Four years ago at the dawn of Hope and Change, the feeling that we might be able to implement new policies and procedures ( read "stimulus") without taking into account the overall depths of the problem facing the economy gained some acceptance. Rather than admitting that it was badly broken and in need of a complete re-set, the cast was applied and upon its removal four years later we discover that we have the same break, now infected to boot.
In the meantime however another change has quietly emerged; one unlike the response the public has forged in the past. We've come to believe that things may not in fact improve and that what we see is the onset of a new dynamic; what some refer to as the "new normal", the result of diminished expectations.
College students, many in debt to government student loan programs, unable to find any work resembling the degrees so hardly won, have resorted to returning home or taking any job available to make a bit of money, or both. The image of the home ownership and a solid career is now considered unattainable.
Workers exhausting unemployment benefits wait for the next government solution. The savvy ones are now entering the ranks of the permanently disabled; a category at historically high numbers and growing. A new base line for unemployment is being established. Unions are in decline ( See: What are Labor Unions, posted to The Allegiant) as the states of Wisconsin and Michigan rewrite the rules of engagement, the latest salvo in the "War on Unions", resulting in what many believe to be the end of the American Dream.
I could go on but any casual observer knows these stories; I unearth no new knowledge here.
What is new , in my opinion, is the docile manner we have come to accept this new status quo. Having matured in the "malaise" of Jimmy Carter's 70's, I can remember the feeling that although we were in a bind, it would be temporary one. As we all know, it was. The Reagan Era ushered in the biggest and most long lasting economic expansion in the country's history. Given the proper incentives, people felt they could "build that." Today, there is an air of resignation; let somebody else build it.
I think there is still reason to be optimistic however. At some point, accepting the notion that in the near term, a return to the old "normalcy" is extremely unlikely, a new base can be established to build from. Maybe it will take a generation that will not live as good as their parents did, to do it; a new Greatest Generation. Rather disheartening, I know.
I offer one anecdotal piece of evidence.
While the world recently collapsed in once Union dominated Detroit, another piece of news broke that garnered very little attention in the media. General Motors, whose production facility in Canada has been responsible for the rebirth of the legendary Chevy Camaro, said it will shift production back to Michigan at the end of the current model's run, citing "lower capital investment and improved production efficiencies" as key factors. Will new employees, be willing to work for less like their counterparts, working in the United States for Honda, and BMW, And if so will more US corporations consider repatriating their manufacturing?
If so, Diminished Expectations may only be the step back needed to go Forward, and not the New Normalcy.


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Results 26 to 28 of 28
March 18th, 2013 04:33 PM #26Senior Member
- Join Date
- Feb 2012
- Location
- Midwest, US
- Posts
- 373
March 18th, 2013 04:39 PM #28
My parents just liked the name I have, so there's no family route...randomness maybe?
For my favorite names, some came from pop culture. Heath and Audra were characters on The Big Valley. (I'm not that old, I watch reruns.)
Abbott is from Buddy Abbott and Lou Costello.
Priscilla: Priscilla Presley
Scarlett from GWTW
I don't try to choose names based from characters. I guess the shows made me like these names more. I have random favorites in my opinion.
Current Favorites
August - Daniel - Erik - Heath - Leo - Ronan
Eve - Johanna - Lana - Lena - Sally - Zanna
January 4th, 2014 08:21 PM #30
Quite a few of the names I really like/ love are from books/films/shows. My fave guilty pleasure boy combo is Caspian Sherlock Dorian Edmund (Dorian from The Picture of Dorian Gray, the rest are obvious), which I absolutely adore especially because all the names are from fictional characters. The only reason I wouldn't use it is because I think Sherlock is way too recognisable, so I've replaced Sherlock with another (non-fictional ) name. I also like Cyril (from 'The Five Children and It'), Fabian (from a book), Gideon (from 'Towerblock Trio' (play)), Santiago (from an episode of SJA) Jenna (Septimus Heap books), Jana (Wolfblood, TV show) and Enfys and Ffion (real people from game shows).Wholock | Historian | Biochemist | Single Pringle | Teenberry (17) 😏
Future mummy. Dreaming of...
✦ Pandora • Demelza • Beatrix • Marigold • Artemis • Phaedra • Margaux • Luna-Fae • Adelise • Anna ✦
Mister Men Combos ✦ Little Misses Combos
✦ Caspian | Phoenix | Ptolemy | Horatio | Nikolai | Artemus | Edmund | Hamish | Lorenzo | Timothy ✦
"'Mycroft' is the name you gave me; if you could possibly struggle all the way to the end."
• Mycroft Holmes • BBC Sherlock • His Last Vow •


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The 2004 Taste of the Book and the Cook was held at Loew's hotel on Wednesday, February 18th. The popular festival, which showcases guest chefs at some of our favorite restaurants, holds this tasting each year to kick off the series.
Once again, the Philadelphia Museum of Art's young friends' took over the Great Hall for their annual gala. **Starlight** was the theme. Propped against various walls, posterboard cutouts of 50's icons such as James Dean and of course, Marilyn Monroe added to the retro feel. Some girls wore vintage gowns (even if their dates didn't seem as enthusiastic about dressing up in 50's attire). Though attendance was off a little this year, by ten p.m. the dance floor managed to be the main attraction and as usual, the PMA staff was hard-pressed to herd everyone out by the Cinderella curfew.
Loew's Hotel welcomed a sold-out crowd to the annual Human Rights Campaign gala on Saturday, February 28th. The ticket and auction proceeds went to the Human Rights Campaign organization, who promote equal rights for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered people nationwide. www.hrc.org
This year the Morris Animal Refuge, a no-kill shelter and adoption center, held their annual Furball at the Society Hill Sheraton on Saturday, January 10th. Tenderhearted animal lovers, many in costume (but none in fur), grazed the buffet tables, perused the silent auction items and danced to the Dave Gustafson Orchestra. Learn more about helping or adopting a pet who needs you at www.morrisanimalrefuge.org
The 2004 Hair of the Dog party was held at the Bellevue on Saturday, January 10th. Most agreed that the elegant Bellevue was an even better place to hold this annual bash. The bar stations, while numerous, were a popular destination all night, which led clever revelers to order three or four drinks at a time. The crowd was generally in black-tie and gowns, (with a heavier emphasis on cleavage than many other galas). The band, Don't Call Me Francis, put on a great show, too, packing people on the dance floor. In places, smoking was allowed - the cigarette haze became bothersome as early as eleven p.m. About that time, a guy jumped up on stage and proposed to his girlfriend. Did she say yes? Check the photos... The charity beneficiary, the Sunshine Foundation, an organization that grants wishes to ill children, should expect a weighty check this year, as the party was officially sold out. This party remains one of the top ten parties for young singles in Philadelphia.
|Page 1|...|223|224|225|226|227|228|229|230|231|...|274


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Starkey's Book of StatesBitingduck Press 2007; US$ 9.95
Inspired by a children's geography primer, The Arrow Book of States , Starkey?s Book of States was conceived in response as a contemporary poetic atlas. Written over the course of several years, the collection includes fifty poems evoking the landscape or mood of each of the fifty states. In poetry which is by turns wistful and sardonic, comic... more...
Living Blue in the Red StatesUniversity of Nebraska Press 2007; US$ 19.95
Shows what politically progressive creative writers were feeling in the wake of George W Bush's re-election. This book presents the work of essayists who look beyond the passions of the moment - the war in Iraq, the rallying of the Right around social issues, the Democrats' failure in 2004 - to the need for unity. more...
Six WivesHarperCollins 2009; US$ 12.74
No one in history had a more eventful career in matrimony than Henry VIII. His marriages were daring and tumultuous, and made instant legends of six very different women. In this remarkable study, David Starkey argues that the king was not a depraved philanderer but someone seeking happiness -- and a son. Knowingly or not, he elevateda group of women... more...
A Few Things You Should Know About the WeaselBiblioasis 2010; US$ 13.99
David Starkey's A Few Things You Should Know About the Weasel is a far-ranging and fearless collection, of great humour, intelligence and sympathy. Ranging through philosophy, art and history -- both global and domestic -- these poems skillfully chronicle the darkness that is our current age and condition, and the pinpricks of light thta may show... more...
Circus MaximusBiblioasis 2013; US$ 14.99
Tour the sites of Rome with David Starkey's garrulous new guide to the Italian Renaissance in fifty pocket-sized poems. more...
David Starkey's Music and MonarchyEbury Publishing 2013; US$ 28.19
For the kings and queens of England, a trumpet fanfare or crash of cymbals could be as vital a weapon as a cannon. Showcasing a monarch?s power, prestige and taste, music has been the lifeblood of many a royal dynasty. From sacred choral works to soaring symphonies, Music and Monarchy looks at how England?s character was shaped by its music. To... more...
Monarchy: From the Middle Ages to ModernityHarperCollins Publishers 2008; US$ 9.10
To coincide with the Channel 4 series to be aired at the end of this year ? David Starkey's ?Monarchy? charts the rise of the British monarchy from the War of the Roses, the English Civil War and the Georgians, right up until the present day monarchs of the 20th Century. more...
Henry: Virtuous PrinceHarperCollins Publishers 2008; US$ 12.56
Bestselling royal historian David Starkey?s captivating biography is a radical re-evaluation of Henry VIII, the British monarchy?s most enduring icon. more...
Crown and Country: A History of England through the MonarchyHarperCollins Publishers 2010; US$ 10.63
From one of our finest historians comes an outstanding exploration of the British monarchy from the retreat of the Romans up until the modern day. This compendium volume of two earlier books is fully revised and updated. more...
Keywords in Creative WritingUtah State University Press 2006; US$ 16.95
Wendy Bishop and David Starkey have created a remarkable resource volume for creative writing students and other writers just getting started. In two- to ten-page discussions, these authors introduce forty-one central concepts in the fields of creative writing and writing instruction, with discussions that are accessible yet grounded in scholarship... more...


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Here's a two-minute clip from Yorgos Lanthimos' "Alps" that was published on Daily Motion's site via Greek movie site flix.gr. (And it appears to come from the film's international sales company, The Match Factory.)
Reviews out of Venice have been excellent for the "Dogtooth" helmer's third film, with The Playlist describing it as "unique and remarkable" and "a film to argue about with friends in the lobby until the theater staff throw you out."
The Guardian is another rave, advising readers to "follow the film-maker. Let him lead you by the nose. Lanthimos knows exactly where he's going."
However, Oliver Lyttleton adds this advice:
We're going to say this only once. We recommend you go in to "Alps" as cold as possible. It's not quite like anything you've seen (its closest relative being, well, "Dogtooth"), and part of its pleasure is watching it play out. There's no giant twist or anything, but we're glad we saw it the way we did: knowing only a brief synopsis, and nothing else.
And here's that official synopsis, per the press kit:
A nurse, a paramedic, a gymnast and her coach have formed a service for hire. They stand in for dead people by appointment, hired by the relatives, friends or colleagues of the deceased. The company is called Alps. The leader, the paramedic, calls himself Mont Blanc. Although Alps members operate under a discipline regime demanded by their leader, the nurse does not.
And with that out of the way, here's the clip.


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Previous Page –Page One
On why a fan should go see Game 5 of the Stanley Cup, assuming the Devils win Game 4:
Renney said a Game 4 win would show the Devils haven't quit. That, he said, "lends itself to the support any hockey fan should give the game of hockey . not just the New Jersey Devils and the L.A. Kings. The Stanley Cup finals are not over, and the New Jersey Devils, do have the ability to come back, especially at home."
And if you couldn't go to Game 5?
"If not able to attend the game, I would go to the track (Belmont) and watch a seldom seen, lifetime experience. History repeating itself is a distinct possibility."
On why a fan should go see the Adidas Grand Prix, part of the Diamond League series:
"This … question is extremely hard!" Oliver said in an email. "If you could only buy one ticket, it should be to the NYC Diamond League because: Mets/Yankees will be played on Sunday, Game 7 on the 13th will be a much better game to attend, there will be racing at the Belmont, but only at the track meet can you actually get an autograph from the athlete. I know the Triple Crown is at stake but just DVR it and re-live it over and over. Do we really watch soccer in the USA? No competition for the Diamond League!"
And if you couldn't go to the meet?
"If I couldn't go to my event, hands down I would be attending the Brazil vs. Argentina friendly. I'd be going for the simple fact that if both teams fielded their top teams, I'd be watching some of the world's greatest soccer stars in Gonzalo Higuien, Messi, Javier Mascherano, Maxi Rodriguez and Sergio Aguero for Argentina taking on one of the most successful countries in World Cup history and their young guns Hulk, Neymar and Marcelo. Will be an awesome match."
More breaking news
- From discos to downtowns
- Verizon, unions reach deal in principle for 4-year contract
- Back to the future
- Banks making it easier to split the tab
- Social monitoring
- US consumer sentiment jumps in May to highest in year
- NY-area construction starts plunge
- Gearing up for overtime sea change
- Cuomo announces $36M for Jones Beach improvements
- Caithness supporters call for PSEG-LI, LIPA to greenlight deal


text:
See All Contributors »
Crocodile on plane kills 19 passengers | News.com.au
Wonder what security measures this airline takes? Croc is a bag, that's fine.
Originally Posted by BoxsterCy
Dude, you are Gameday Rulzzz and could probably post about anything.
This might be the closest thing we ever get to "Snakes on a Plane" in real life
"Man I'm TIRED of these mother******* crocs on this mother******* plane!!!"
"That's what I do. I drink, and I know things." - Tyrion Lannister
"Success is just failure that hasn't happened yet." - life advice from Latrell Spreewell
I wonder how big it was, not that I'd look to find out either. Crazy way to die.
I don't do signatures. Blondes, brunettes, and red heads are a different story.
Maybe it's just me, and I have supernatural focus, but the only time I don't pay attention to a crocodile chewing on my leg......is when I'm flying a plane. You've got to prioritize.
Originally Posted by jdoggivjc
This might be the closest thing we ever get to "Snakes on a Plane" in real life
"Man I'm TIRED of these mother******* crocs on this mother******* plane!!!"
That didn't take long but we're all thinking it.
It's not like it's an obvious problem, like whatever someone may or may not have in their laptop case. Probably just looked like a fancy carry-on.
Kansas Must Be Destroyed
Sic Semper Jayhawks
The title of the article is misleading. The plane crashing killed the 19 people, not the crocodile.
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text: 000 FXUS63 KFSD 230848 AFDFSD Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Sioux Falls SD 348 AM CDT MON MAY 23 2016 .SHORT TERM...(Today and Tonight) Issued at 347 AM CDT Mon May 23 2016 Line of storms has weakened as anticipated, as it moved east away from more favorable shear overnight. Leading edge should move east of Highway 71 on the eastern edge of the forecast area by daybreak or before, but trailing more stratiform rain will likely continue along and east of I-29 corridor into mid morning. Primary question for the remainder of the day will be how far east the main boundary, currently west of the James River as of 08Z, will push through the day, as additional development most likely near or east of this boundary. Greatest model consensus shows this boundary moving near an Ivanhoe-Sioux Falls-Vermillion line by 18z, then stalling as another wave lifts northeast out of the Central Plains. This wave should trigger redevelopment toward midday in areas east of the boundary. Most recent runs of RAP/HRRR show a decrease in areal coverage of ongoing precip between 12Z-15Z, followed by this redevelopment across northwest Iowa and southwest Minnesota after 17z-18z. What does this mean for severe potential today? Slight mid-upper level cooling in response to the wave will bring an increase in instability this afternoon, despite a fair amount of cloud cover limiting the heating across the area of concern today. However, shear needed to sustain storms is on the weaker side in areas east of the boundary. Thus thinking that isolated severe storms with marginal hail could develop as the wave moves across the area, but do not anticipate an organized severe weather event this afternoon. Expect any showers/storms to wind down through the evening as the northern stream wave kicks east through the western Great Lakes, leaving dry conditions through the overnight hours. With the low level boundary stalling, moisture along/east of I-29 never really gets scoured out through the day, and with light surface flow and partial clearing, could see some fog develop early Tuesday morning. Confidence not high enough to introduce into the forecast at this time, but something to consider as later shifts watch how things evolve through the day. .LONG TERM...(Tuesday through Sunday) Issued at 347 AM CDT Mon May 23 2016 Tuesday appears to be mainly dry across the region. With drier air mixing down from aloft, should see dew points fall through the day limiting the amount of instability. However, warm front is expected to lift north across the plains approaching the southern fringes of the forecast area in the late afternoon hours. Increasing moisture south of the boundary along with convergence along the front will be nearly enough to tip the scales in terms of convective development. In addition, low level jet will increase south of the front. With the forecast area located on the nose of the low level jet as works north, as strong shortwave approaches from the southwest, expect convection to become more widespread through the evening hours. fairly straight hodographs favor splitting supercells. In terms of severe, expect hail and winds to be the primary threats as storms will be elevated. Wednesday looks to be characterized by very steep lapse rates from around 700 mb. This results in relatively large amounts of CAPE by mid to late afternoon. Capping inversion is weaker across the north, and have kept pops higher up there. Still can not rule out a wave triggering more widespread activity, but hard to pin point at this time. Cold front sweeps through the area wednesday night into thursday morning. PWAT values ahead of the front surge to 1.1-1.2 inches. At this point, appears that the front movement will be fast enough to limit flooding potential, but will need to keep an eye onthis. There is the potential of seeing convection with this front, so kept pops in the chance range ahead of the boundary. Drier filters into the region on Thursday behind the front. With the drier atmosphere in place, have lowered pops especially in the west where the chance of lingering rain looks low. Warm front along with a fairly strong short wave are expected to move across the area on Thursday night into Friday. Have raised pops into the high chance to likely range. Dirty west to southwest flow at the mid levels continues through the weekend into early next week. this results in convective chances continuing through the extended, though the details are difficult to ascertain at this time. && .AVIATION...(For the 06Z TAFS through 06Z Monday night) Issued at 1255 AM CDT Mon May 23 2016 Line of weakening thunderstorms moving across the forecast area through the early to mid morning hours. Brief MVFR-IFR conditions are possible with the heaviest rain areas, but generally expect ceilings and visibility to remain VFR. After 12Z, deeper moisture does begin to push northward into northwest Iowa, which may bring a period of MVFR ceilings to KSUX and other areas of northwest Iowa mid morning through mid afternoon. Chance for additional thunderstorms will also linger in areas mainly east of the I-29 corridor into this evening. && .FSD Watches/Warnings/Advisories... SD...None. MN...None. IA...None. NE...None. && $$ SHORT TERM...JH LONG TERM...BT AVIATION...JH


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text:
I'm definitely getting somewhere with RoR. Just want to clarify some things regarding loops.
I've created an 'inputs' controller that contains methods to let a user create, read, update and delete database entries.
I also have an 'inputs' view that renders the html frontend. In the view is the following loop:
<% @inputs.each do |input| %>
<%= input.title %>
<%= input.content %>
<%= link_to 'Show', input %>
<%= link_to 'Edit', edit_input_path(input) %>
<%= link_to 'Destroy', input, method: :delete, data: { confirm: 'Are you sure?' } %>
<% end %>
I understand how loops work conceptually, but I'm a bit lost on this.
I think the
@inputs 'points the code' (better way of expressing that, please?) towards the inputs controller where the the methods used by the loop live.
Inside the inputs controller there are indeed methods such as 'edit', 'create', 'show' and 'destroy'.
But there are not 'title' or 'content' methods in the controller! Where do they come from?
And, to be honest, I do not understand
<% @inputs.each do |input| %>
very well.
This is me trying to understand:
@inputs = go to the inputs controller
.each = call an each method on the inputs controller. (Where is this each method defined? What does it even mean, calling each on a controller?)
do | input | = Whatever the heck calling .each on a controller does, it generates an object called 'input'.
Now, the object 'input' does indeed contain methods such as title and content, but where are these methods coming from?? They are literally nowhere inside the controller!
Anyway, thanks a lot.


text:
Game Shaping-A Tool for Teachers
Howarth, Kath, Bailey, JoEllen, Strategies: A Journal for Physical and Sport Educators
If students in high school are to participate in sport, teachers at the upper elementary and middle school levels need to help these students establish a strong base of skills and tactical awareness in all classifications of sport. It is only when students in the lower grades begin to work on these skills in an integrated curriculum that they will complete their education with the preparation they need to become lifelong participants in physical activity.
Physical educators are fortunate to have well-established standards for physical education, based on NASPE national standards, and a clear outline of the range of activities expected to be offered to students as they progress through their curriculum. Emphasis has shifted toward assessments which are authentic, meaning that students' abilities should be assessed across all learning domains (cognitive and affective as well as psychomotor) through the medium of sport. The sport education model (Siedentop, Hastie & van der Mars, 2004) can be fully integrated with this view of assessment since the focus is placed on teaching sport at the secondary level as a complete cultural experience, including seasons, coaches, officials, competitions, and celebrations. The model was developed as a way of helping students in physical education recognize the relevance and meaning in sport by placing it in the full social and cultural context in which it normally exists outside the school.
Two models--Play Practice, developed in Australia by Launder (2001), and the tactical, or TGFU (Teaching Games for Understanding) model (Mitchell, Oslin & Griffin, 2006)--when introduced at the late elementary or middle school levels, seem to lead most naturally into the sport education model and have been used worldwide. These models focus on tactical awareness which "is the ability to identify tactical problems that arise during a game and to select the appropriate responses to solve them" (Mitchell et al., 2003, p. 8). Games sense means "the ability to use an understanding of the rules of strategy, tactics and, most importantly of oneself, to solve the problems posed by the game or by one's opponents" (Launder, 2001, p. 36). The base of skills, games sense, and tactical awareness offered by these models are best developed through smaller, developmentally appropriate versions of the full sport form that are close enough to the "real" game to allow for the eventual use and transfer of skills and tactics. These games have many titles including lead-up games, small-sided games, modified games, conditioned games, mini-games, and designer games. The hardest task for the teacher is to design series of games which not only fit the development and experience of students, but also provide the most useful and relevant tactical problems for them to solve at that point in their learning.
Games require us to make decisions in a very short space of time. Players cannot wait for a teacher or coach to tell them what to do. Well-designed modified games allow students to practice decision-making at a developmentally appropriate level. Teachers should develop questioning techniques to help students learn what decisions they need to make. These questions should be tactical, such as: Where do I move? When should I pass? To whom do I throw the ball?
Teachers can find the task of designing games difficult. It is much easier to select "fast food" games from books or websites. These games may be great, but they will not fit their classes as perfectly as games designed in the teachers' own "kitchens." Game shaping (Launder, 2001) is the concept of designing games based on a number of decisions made by teachers about their students and about the game. Game shaping requires teachers to ask detailed questions about, for example, numbers of players, rules and equipment modifications, thus providing a sound basis for designing modified, small-sided games appropriate for the tactical focus of the lesson and the skill requirements of the students. …


text:
I'M BLIND!What do you folks think?
This is a discussion on Had some kids try to follow me in the driveway tonight. within the Carry & Defensive Scenarios forums, part of the Defensive Carry Discussions category; Had some kids try to follow me in the driveway tonight when I came home. When I was pulling onto our street from a side ...
Had some kids try to follow me in the driveway tonight when I came home. When I was pulling onto our street from a side street, I noticed a car that apeared to be speeding and they had their headlights off. I had plenty of room so I pulled out ahead of them and thought nothing of it.
When I pulled into my driveway and parked my truck I noticed they had pulled into the entrance with their headlights square on me. Now I have about a 150' long driveway which seems to have given them some pause. I jumped out, strongside away from them and my hand on the gun. They were still lingering, and I quickly began to realize that we were not on even odds with me standing square in their headlights. So I reached into my truck, hit a switch, and gave them a little of this......
30,000 candlewatt lights sure do provide an unfair advantage real quick.
They turned off their headlights then, slowly backed out of my driveway, and left in a hurry.
What do you folks think?
I will support gun control when you can guarantee all guns are removed from this planet. That includes military and law enforcement. When you can accomplish that, then I will be the last person to lay down my gun. Then I will carry the weapon that replaces the gun.
I'M BLIND!What do you folks think?
I think that you took the tactical advantage...
Not to mention I would love to have seen their faces..
Great job!
I've got some big lights like that in FRONT of my Jeep for off-road use, but some in the rear may be an idea...
Mmmmmm, I think that they 'saw the light'...easier pickins' somewhere else.
Proverbs 27:12 says: The prudent see danger and take refuge, but the simple keep going and suffer for it.
Certified Glock Armorer
NRA Life Member
How does that work for tailgaiters?
My personal suggestion would be to get a plate & description (if possible) and phone the sheriff.
Other than that - Perfect.
I bet it scared the crap out of them....I am sure they won't be following you home anytime soon.
"Dont be afraid to go after what you want to do, and what you want to be. But don't be afraid to be willing to pay the price." - Lane Frost
Yea it works great. I have only had the occaision to do that once about 5 years ago in my Pa's truck which has the same setup. It discouraged the offender back to about a 1/2 mile.
I will support gun control when you can guarantee all guns are removed from this planet. That includes military and law enforcement. When you can accomplish that, then I will be the last person to lay down my gun. Then I will carry the weapon that replaces the gun.
Sounds like this worked out real good.
But for us that are not so prepared, what would have been a good way to handle it?
Preparing for the Zombie Apocalypse or Rapture....whichever comes first.
Speeding on those road conditions with the lights off, then turning the lights on when the hit your driveway...Ditto on the description and a call to the local LEO.
Likewise, condition orange for a few weeks around the house.
Grasseater // Grass~eat~er noun, often attributive \ˈgras-ē-tər\
A person who is incapable of independent thought; a person who is herd animal-like in behavior; one who cannot distinguish between right and wrong; a foolish person.
See also Sheep
I just hope that when you went into the house your wife wasn't wondering what was taking the pizza boy so long to get there.....!
Does Surefire make those things?!
Bravo Zulu
"Just getting a concealed carry permit means you haven't commited a crime yet. CCP holders commit crimes." Daniel Vice, senior attorney for the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence, quoted on Fox & Friends, 8 Jul, 2008
"Sometimes, when you're making gumbo, people just show up.", Leah Chase
What do they always say about a person who is about to expire---they see a light. So what do you think those in the car were thinking
An ounce of lead is worth 200lbs of cop.
I would have waited a bit longer to hit the lights on...at least until they exited their car...just to be sure of their intentions. And I would have stayed in the truck. It makes for a hell of better weapon.
Nice use of high-output lighting though...


text:
I have multiple rows with three select elements each. There are two such rows during initialization and further rows can be added dynamically. I added change events to all these elements when each row is added such that all the other elements in a particular row change when one of the drop downs in that row is changed. There is also another select element
#foo that is not a part of any row (it is displayed on top of the page) which on change should change the contents of all the select elements on all rows.
I tried doing this by adding
jQuery("#foo select").change(callback_function) while adding the change events for each row. But when I do this, changing
#foo updates only the last inserted row and not the other rows. How do I make it work in such a way that changing
#foo updates all rows?
Any solutions will be greatly appreciated.


text:
- PeruRetailFunding via Asociación Arariwa
Señor De Me...PeruRetailFunding via Asociación Arariwa
YolandaPeruRetailFunding via Asociación Arariwa
Las Aguilas Group
Hilaria feels part of the group "LAS AGUILAS". She is the treasurer. She will use her loan to buy more shelving to display her products so she can have more sales. She has thought carefully about the future and she wants to work selling grocery products wholesale. She is sure that she will be able to do it because she has the support of her children who will become professionals thanks to her efforts.
*Mrs. Hilaria is seated wearing a yellow blouse and black pants.
Hilaria se siente bien formando el grupo "LAS AGUILAS" del cual es tesorera, su préstamo lo usara para comprarse mas andamios para mostrar sus productos y tener mas ventas. el futuro lo tiene bien pensado pues quiere dedicarse a la venta por mayor de abarrotes ella esta segura que lo hará por que tiene el apoyo de sus hijos que serán profesionales gracias a su esfuerzo
*La señora Hilaria esta sentada con blusa amarilla y pantalón negro
Additional Information
About EDAPROSPOEDAPROSPO seeks to use micro-credit to foster productive commercial activity for the sake of economic and social development within vulnerable urban and rural sectors traditionally neglected by commercial banks. By offering innovative products such as technical education loans and microfinance groups for young people, EDAPROSPO helps disadvantaged Peruvians lift themselves out of poverty.
This is a Group Loan
In a group loan, each member of the group receives an individual loan but is part of a larger group of individuals. The group is there to provide support to the members and to provide a system of peer pressure, but groups may or may not be formally bound by a group guarantee. In cases where there is a group guarantee, members of the group are responsible for paying back the loans of their fellow group members in the case of delinquency or default.
Kiva's Field Partners typically feature one borrower from a group. The loan description, sector, and other attributes for a group loan profile are determined by the featured borrower's loan. The other members of the group are not required to use their loans for the same purpose.
About Peru
50View loans »
Success!! The loan was 100% repaid
- Repayment Term
- 6 months (Additional Information)
- Repayment Schedule
- Monthly
- Pre-Disbursed:
- Mar 12, 2010
- Listed
- Mar 15, 2010
- Currency Exchange Loss:
- Covered
- Ended:
- Aug 15, 2010


text:
Is there a function like
super when you are modifying a prototype in javascript?
Is there a function like
Not in the language itself -- but there is no reason you cannot add it when you are creating your class. There is actually a very nice exposition on the way that Coffeescript manages prototypal inheritance by Justin Reidy on his blog
The key part is reproduced here:
You will also probably want to read @bobince's introduction to working with classes in JavaScript.
There is unfortunately no super keyword or equivalent in ECMAScript. This has been a major source of confusion and difficulty to implement real-life inheritance.
Lot's of people have implemented complex solutions (Prototype library, John Resig, and many others), all these solutions create extra closures, manipulate functions code, use special names that may clash with upcoming standards changes, or other complex tricks. Some of these solutions just do not work if there is more than one level of inheritance ( A > B > C ) because these use some form of "this.super" that always refers to C's and therefore creates an infinite loop if B also attempts to call its super method (which happens in real code).
The only drawback of this solution is that it is requires to type a few more keystrokes than the other solutions. But because there are no closures involved, there is no unnecessary function calls so it will likely be more efficient than any other solution I have seen so far.
Alternatively, if you want to pass all arguments of draw() to the super class method, you can use this form:
Or if the parameters are known and differ from that of the super class you can use:
I hope this helps others :)
not by default, but if you are looking for a way to do classical inheritance in javascript you could consider using a library like prototype or mootools... or if you don't want to go that route, John Resig, the creator of jQuery provides a really nice light solution:
It's just important to note that inherited arrays and objects are not copied to instances with this implementation - so if you inherit an array you'll want to redifine its values in the subclasses constructor function (otherwise all instances will share a single array) - I can post an example for you if you want to see, there is also one in the comments of that post.
It's possible to use JavaScript's .caller facility to create a general solution that lets you invoke a superclass' implementation of a function with the same name as the calling function. The basic idea is to use a reference to the calling function, walk up the class hierarchy to find which class actually implements that function, and then go up one more step to get the super class.
See https://gist.github.com/1265237 for an example.
This allows a call to a super function without needing to specify the name of the current class. E.g., if A is a superclass of B, then:


text:
NEW YORK - The New York Mets and manager Willie Randolph agreed in principle Wednesday to a new three-year contract that runs through 2009.
The deal is scheduled to be announced today, a baseball executive familiar with the negotiations said, speaking on condition of anonymity because the team had yet to confirm the deal.
Randolph, who last year led the Mets to their first division title since 1988, had been slated to earn $700,000 this year in the final season of a three-year contract.
Athens, GA ? Athens Banner-Herald © 2016. All Rights Reserved. | Terms of Service | Privacy Policy / About Our Ads | Content Removal Policy


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|12 May 1998
|Filing date
|29 Jul 1996
|Priority date
|29 Jul 1996
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Tzi-Dar Chiueh, Hwai-Tsu Chang, Fang-Ru Hsu, Wan-Yu Meng
|Original Assignee
|Industrial Technology Research Institute
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Non-Patent Citations (18), Referenced by (7), Classifications (7), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention is related to co-filed U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/683,254 entitled "Reconfigurable Neural Network" assigned to the same assignee as the present application and incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
The present invention relates to neural networks and, more particularly, to reconfigurable neural networks including difference-square type neurons.
An artificial neural network (ANN) is composed of many processing elements (PEs), typically referred to as neurons. FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an artificial neural network 2 having three layers of neurons, i.e., an input layer 10, a hidden layer 12 and an output layer 14. Typically, each neuron is responsive to stimuli received through one or more weighted input lines commonly known as synapses. For example, the neuron 16 in the hidden layer 12 is responsive to a single input signal received from a synapse 18. In general, the output lines of the neurons are further connected to the synapses of other neurons, except, of course, the output lines of the neurons in the output layer. The terms "input" and "output" are used herein to refer to input and output signals, respectively. FIG. 2 shows a typical neuron model wherein some input signals X1, X2, . . . and XN are simultaneously applied to a neuron 20 and processed with corresponding synaptic weights Wi1, Wi2, . . . and WiN, The weighted inputs are then processed and summed. The sum is further processed through a function S(•), resulting in an output signal Yi. The function S(•), typically referred to as activation, is usually a nonlinear function such as, for example, a sigmoid function, a Gaussian function, a square function or a step function. The particular activation used generally depends on the application for which the artificial neural network 2 is used.
Artificial neural networks may be classified into four categories according to the artificial neural network's learning encoding type and decoding structure. The four categories are: (I) feedforward supervised learning network, (ii) feedback supervised learning network, (iii) feedforward unsupervised learning network and (iv) feedback unsupervised learning network. TABLE 1 organizes several traditional artificial neural networks into an appropriate one of these four categories. The feedforward supervised learning network category, for example, includes the multiple layer perception (MLP), ADALINE and MADALINE networks. These types of artificial neural networks are frequently used for efficiently approximating a real system or reading a solution for classification problems, provided that the numbers of neurons and network layers are sufficiently large.
TABLE 1______________________________________ DECODINGENCODING FEEDFORWARD FEEDBACK______________________________________SUPERVISED Gradient Descent RECURRENT BACKPROPAGATION ADALINE MADALINE III MADALINE restricted coulomb energy network (RCE) radical-basis-function network (RBF) reinforcement learning Multiple Layer Perception (MLP)UNSUPERVISED VECTOR RABAM QUANTIZATION winner-take-all network BROWNIAN (WTA) ANNEALING self organizing maps BOLTZMAN LEARNING competitive learning ABAM counter-propagation ART-2 BAM-COHEN- GROSSBERG MODEL HOPFIELD circuit BRAIN-STATE-IN- A-BOX MASKING FIELD ADAPTIVE RESONANCE ART-1 ART-2______________________________________
A radial-based type, also referred to as difference-square type process, can be used in the aforementioned artificial neural network 2. For a neuron i receiving N inputs, the resultant output Yi may be expressed in a compact form as follows: ##EQU1## where:
Wij is the corresponding synaptic weight of input Xj, and S is the activation function.
This radial based type neuron is typically realized through a 2's complement adder for calculating the distance (Wij -Xj) a multiplier for calculating the square of the distance, and followed by a nonlinear circuit for implementing the activation function and generating the output signal Yi.
Artificial neural networks can be further classified into three types of networks depending on what structure is used and whether the artificial neural networks are implemented in analog or digital technologies. A first type of neural network utilizes a digital processor such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor or a floating point processor for implementing a one-dimension or multi-dimension array to simulate an artificial neural network. U.S. Pat. No. 5,204,938 entitled "Method Of implementing A Neural Network On A Digital Computer" by David M. Skapura et al. discloses a neural network constructed by tailoring a digital computer architecture. Several processors each have a local memory for storing weights and connectivity information corresponding to neurons of the neural network. A global memory collects and broadcasts the intermediate output values from and to the processors via a data bus. Due to the time needed to shuttling the data back and forth among the processors, the local memories and the global memory, the process speed is typically only a few hundred kilo-connections per second.
A second type of neural network is composed of a large number of multipliers interconnected like a switchboard, and is typically implemented using analog techniques. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,087,826 entitled "Multi-Layer Neural Network Employing Multiplexed Output Neurons" and U.S. Pat. No. 5,256,911 entitled "Neural Network With Multiplexes Synaptic Processing" disclose such a neural network. Despite this type's reconfigurablity, high scalability and high process speed (up to several giga-connections per second), this type of structure has an inherent disadvantage because costly analog-to-digital (A/D) and digital-to-analog (D/A) converters are used. Consequently, the second type of artificial neural network is relatively expensive to implement.
Further, this second type of artificial neural network generally has a large external pin count due to the analog technology used therein. A large number of external pins is required primarily because this type of neural network physically maps a multiplier for each synapse. Therefore, this type of artificial neural network typically requires a dedicated input terminal for each synapse and interconnection coupled therebetween. For example, an analog artificial neural network of this type having 256 neurons may have a pin count exceeding 300 pins. Consequently, the analog types of neural networks generally have relatively fewer neurons due to the limited number of external pins available on the integrated circuit(s) implementing the artificial neural network.
The third type of artificial neural network is constructed mainly from a digital circuit as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,091,864 entitled "Systolic Processor Elements For A Neural Network". This type of artificial neural network uses the digital circuit in an attempt to reduce costs without compromising speed by using a one-dimension structure such as pipeline architecture. Another example of this type of artificial neural network is disclosed by Wawrzynek et al. in "The Design of a Neuro-Microprocessor", IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks, vol. 4, No. 3, May 1993, pp. 394-399. Wawrzynek refers to the disclosed digital neural network as the "SPERT" network. The disclosed SPERT network calculates eight weighted sums concurrently using eight neurons, in which an 8-bit input Xj is broadcasted serially (i.e., bit parallel-byte serial) and a 16-bit synaptic weight is read in parallel through eight ports.
Most digital artificial networks work in a bit-parallel input/output (I/O) manner and, therefore, causing the network to have global I/O ports that increase the complexity of implementing the network. Moreover, due to the limitations of available semiconductor fabrication processes, the number of neurons that can be formed on a single chip is limited. However, most neural networks for practical applications generally require more neurons than can be practically implemented on a single chip. Therefore, a convenient partitionable and scalable architecture is needed to overcome the physical constraints imposed on the semiconductor chip.
Further, in a conventional digital neural network, the bit-parallel I/O increases complexity and area usage, which increases cost. For example, in a conventional digital neural network having an output port of a layer with J neurons connected to the input port of an adjacent layer having K neurons, the total number of switches of the crossbar switch required to connect the ports reaches the product J•K•b, where b is the word width in bits of the I/O port. Thus, the number of switches becomes impractically high as the number of neurons in the artificial neural network increases.
Furthermore, the I/O bandwidth of input Xj is less than the I/O bandwidth of synaptic weight Wij (i.e., the intra-neuron bandwidth) because of iterative use of the input Xj in summing up the weighted inputs. More specifically, the weighted-sum expression for each neuron can be denoted as follows: ##EQU2## where I is the number of neurons.
A neuron cannot receive the next input Xj+1 until it completes calculating the weighted-sum expression for which the present input is Xj. Accordingly, the rate at which a neuron receives the input Xj is less than the rate at which neuron receives the synaptic weight Wij. As a result, the timing of this type of neural network is relatively more complex. Therefore, a need has arisen for a new artificial neural network with mininized I/O bandwidth of neurons and a decreased number of switches for subneural network interconnection. Also, a new neural network architecture is needed for reducing the impact of physical constraints, such as the limited pin count, imposed by the semiconductor chip. Still further, there is a need for easily reconfiguring the topology of an artificial neural network. ##EQU3## where I is the number of neurons.
Therefore, a need has arisen for devising a new artificial neural network with minimized I/O bandwidth of neurons and a decreased number of switches for subneural-network interconnection. Also, a new neural network architecture is needed for lessening the physical constraints, such as the limited pin count, imposed on the semiconductor chip, and for easily reconfiguring the topology of an artificial neural network.
In accordance with the present invention, a reconfigurable artificial neural network is disclosed. In one embodiment, the reconfigurable neural network includes a plurality of switches each having at least two conductive leads. The switches are programmed so that the data flow direction of the conductive leads of the switches can be selected. More specifically, each switch can be programmed so that one of the conductive leads is an input switch lead and another one of the conductive leads is an output switch lead. The reconfigurable neural network also includes a plurality of serial-in-serial-out processing elements that are interconnected through the plurality of switches in a one dimensional manner. The neural network is reconfigured by reprogramming the data flow direction of the switches.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the serial-in-serial-out processing elements include difference-square accumulator elements, each of which includes: (a) a serial-in-parallel-out accumulator coupled to one of the switches for calculating a sum of difference-squares of the weights and inputs; (b) an activation function circuit coupled to an output lead of the accumulator for generating a neuron output signal; and (c) a parallel-in-serial-out shift register coupled to the activation function circuit for providing the neuron output signal serially to another of the interconnected switches.
One embodiment of the serial-in-parallel-out difference-square accumulator includes: (1) a memory for storing a plurality of weights; (2) a parallel-in-serial-out shift register for converting the weights into serial outputs; (3) a serial adder for adding the neuron inputs and the complemented weights; (4) a serial-in-parallel-out register for storing the output of the serial adder; (5) a gate circuit for gating the parallel output from the serial-in-parallel-out register; (6) a tri-operand adder for summing the output from the serial adder, the gating circuit and the previous output from the tri-operand adder; and (7) a shifter for processing output of the tri-operand adder, the output of the shifter being received by the tri-operand adder and the activation function circuit.
The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of this invention will become more readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an artificial neural network;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary neuron model;
FIG. 3A is a block diagram of a reconfigurable artificial neural network according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3B is a block diagram of a reconfigurable artificial neural network according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4A is a block diagram of one example of a neural network;
FIG. 4B is a block diagram of the reconfigurable artificial neural network depicted in FIG. 3B implementing the neural network depicted FIG. 4A; and
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a serial-in-parallel-out difference-square accumulator (SPDSA) according to the present invention.
FIG. 3A shows an artificial neural network according to one embodiment of the present invention, implemented in a semiconductor integrated circuit. This embodiment of the artificial neural network includes several substantially identical processing elements (PEs) 30 with bit-serial input lead 31 and bit-serial output lead 33. Each PE 30 neuron's decision algorithm, such as a weighted-sum algorithm or a difference-square algorithm. In this embodiment, each PE 30, also referred to as a neuron, has a register (described below in conjunction with FIG. 3B) that can be serially loaded from an input lead 35.
This artificial neural network also includes several substantially identical switch boxes 32 that interconnect the PEs 30 together. More specifically, the PEs 30 can be interconnected in a one-dimension array structure through the switch boxes 32A and 32B. The switch boxes 32A are connected to the input leads 31 of two PEs 30 and to a switch box 32B, whereas the switch boxes 32B are connected to the output lead 33 of one PE 30, the input lead 35 of a next PE 30 and to an input lead of a switch box 32A. The interconnections of the PEs 30 and the switch boxes 32A and 32B are as follows.
Each switch box 32A has three leads, and is programmed to serve in a manner similar to a multiplexer. More specifically, each switch box 32A is programmed to select one of two of its leads that serves as input leads to electrically connect to the remaining lead that serves as an output lead. In this embodiment, the typical switch box 32A has (a) a first input lead connected to the output lead of a preceding switch box 32A, (b) a second input lead connected to an output lead of a switch box 32B, and (c) an output lead connected to the input lead of a next switch box 32A and the input lead 31 of a PE 30. Thus, each switch box 32A in the layer (except the first switch box, which receives the output from the preceding layer) multiplexes either the output lead of the preceding switch box 32A or an output lead of a switch box 32B to the input lead of a next PE 30.
Each switch box 32B also has three leads, but is programmed to serve in a manner similar to a demultiplexer. More specifically, each switch box 32B is programmed to electrically connect one of its leads that serves as an input lead to either of its other two leads that serves as output leads. In this embodiment, the typical switch box 32A has (a) an input lead connected to the output lead 33 of a PE 30, (b) a first output lead connected to an input lead 35 of a next PE 30, and (c) a second output lead connected to the second input lead of a next switch box 32A. Thus, each switch box 32B in the layer (except the first switch box, which can left open-circuited) demultiplexes the output lead 33 of its corresponding PE 30 to either the register of the next PE 30 or the second input lead of a switch box 32A.
Any suitable method of programming the switches may be used such as, for example, electrical control signals from a memory, register fuse or antifuse. As a result, a neural network according to the present invention has a smaller, simpler switching scheme capable of reconfiguring the network, compared to conventional artificial neural networks having parallel switching schemes. Thus, a neural network structure according to the present invention can be advantageously implemented in integrated circuit form with a relatively large number of neurons and a relative low number of I/O pins.
In operation, this neural network structure can be programmed to implement a multi-layer neural network as follows. A group of PEs 30 is selected to form a layer. The switch boxes 32A connected to the input leads 31 of these PEs 30 are each configured to select their first input lead to electrically connect to its output lead. Consequently, each PE 30 in the layer receives the serial output from the preceding layer in parallel (i.e., the output from the preceding layer is broadcast to the PEs 30 in the layer. A PE 30 can be programmed with a weight of zero corresponding to a particular input to implement a neuron that does not receive that particular input.
The switch boxes 32B connected to the output leads 33 of these PEs 30 are each configured to select the input lead 35 to connect to its input lead (connect to the output lead 33 of its corresponding PE 30). The switch box 32B connected to the output lead 33 of the last PE 30 in the layer is configured to select the second input lead of the switch box 32A (i.e., the switch box of the first PE 30 in the next layer). Consequently, the registers of the PEs 30 in effect form a single large register.
After receiving their broadcasted input (i.e., the output of the preceding layer), each PE 30 in the layer processes the input substantially simultaneously, which is then loaded into its register. As stated above, the registers of the PEs 30 form a large register, that is then serially outputted to the next layer.
FIG. 3B is a block diagram of an artificial neural network 300 according to another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, each PE 30 includes a serial-in-parallel-out difference-square accumulator (SPDSA) 301. Each SPDSA 301 receives data broadcasted from the bit-serial input lead 31, and is capable of calculating the sum of weighted inputs according to the equation below: ##EQU4## where "i" is the number of neurons in a layer.
The SPDSA 301 is described further below in conjunction with FIG. 5. The difference-square output from the SPDSA 301 is then processed through an activation function circuit 303. The activation function circuit 303 implements a nonlinear function such as, for example, a sigmoid function, a Gaussian fimction, a square function or a step function.
In this embodiment, the activation function circuit 303 receives parallel difference-square data from the SPDSA 301 and applies the activation function, generating a parallel output. The parallel output from the activation function circuit 303 is then loaded into a parallel-in-serial-out shift register 305, which transfers the processed data in a serial format to the output lead 33 of the PE 30. The register 305 can also receive serial data from register 305 of a preceding PE 30 through the input lead 35. The artificial neural network 300 further includes a memory (not shown), a control bus 34, an address bus 36 and a data bus 38 for receiving synaptic weights from an outside controller (not shown). In this embodiment, the outside controller loads the synaptic weights in parallel into the memory (described below in conjunction with FIG. 5) of each SPDSA 301 by providing a load command on the control bus 34 with the desired synaptic weights on the data bus 38 and the corresponding address on the address bus 36. The memory and buses for loading the memory are well known in the art of digital neural networks and need not be described in detail.
Reconfiguring the network includes changing the number of neurons in a layer or changing the number of layers. Referring now to FIG. 4A, an exemplary neural network is shown having an input layer 40 with H inputs, a first hidden layer 42 with I neurons, a second hidden layer 44 with J neurons and an output layer 46 with K neurons. As shown in FIG. 4B, this topology can be implemented using an artificial neural network integrated circuits substantially identical to the artificial neural network 300 (FIG. 3B). For clarity, the unused switch boxes and interconnected leads are not shown.
Referring now to FIGS. 4A and 4B, the PEs 41A-41I correspond to the I neurons in the first hidden layer 42, and the PEs 43A-43J correspond to the J neurons of the second hidden layer 44, which are all implemented on a neural network integrated circuit 40. The PEs 45A-45K correspond to the K neurons of the output layer 46 and are implemented on a neural network integrated circuit 48.
Data is input to the input layer 40 from the bit-serial input lead 47 and is broadcasted to the PEs 41A-41I. The switch boxes are configured so that PEs 41A-41I receive the serial data substantially simultaneously. The PEs 41A-41I then operate on the input data as described above in conjunction with FIG. 3B. Thereafter, the processed data from each of the processing elements 41A-41I are shifted out serially to the next layer, i.e., the second hidden layer 44. More specifically, the switch boxes are configured so that the shift registers of the PEs 41A-41I are connected in series, forming a single shift register. The switch box connected to the output lead of the shift register of the PE 41I is then connected to the second hidden layer 44. The switch boxes connected to the input leads of the PEs 43A-43J of the second layer 44 so that the output of the shift register of PE 41I is provided globally to the PEs 43A-43J. In this embodiment, the processed data from the second hidden layer 44 is transmitted via a conductor 49 to another neural network integrated circuit 48, which includes the K PEs 45A-45K and several programmed switch boxes.
The topology partition described above can be accomplished quite easily with only a bit-wise connector 49. For example, if a chip can only accommodate about (I+J) neurons, i.e., the total neurons of the first hidden layer 42 and the second hidden layer 44 (FIG. 4A), the K neurons of the output layer 46 are therefore placed on another chip 48 (FIG. 4B). The output bit from the second hidden layer is connected to the chip 48 via a single bit connector 49.
Continuing with the example of FIG. 4A, the minimum total number of clock cycles required to calculate the output resulting from an input is calculated as follows. If the resolution of the neural network is b bits and there are H inputs from the input layer 40 to the first hidden layer 42, then (H�b) clock cycles are required for the first hidden layer 42 to receive all of the inputs. Further, because there are I neurons in the first hidden layer 42, (I�b) clock cycles are required for outputting the results from the first hidden layer 42 to the second hidden layer 44. Because there are J neurons in the second hidden layer, (J�b) clock cycles are needed for outputting the results from the second hidden layer 42 to the output layer 46. Finally, because there are K neurons in the output layer 46, (K�b) clock cycles are required to shift the final results from the output layer 46.
FIG. 5 shows one embodiment of the serial-in-parallel-out difference-square accumulator (SPDSA) 500 according to the present invention. SPDSA 500 includes a storage area 50, in which the 1's complement of synaptic weights Wj(b-1) , . . . , Wj0 are stored. The storage area 50 can be any suitable type of storage device such as, for example, a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static RAM (SRAM), or electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM).
It can be shown that the equation: ##EQU5## where Wj and Xj are b-bit words, can be solved by calculating the recursive equation ##EQU6## where Yj =Xj -Wj =Xj +Wj +1, and where Ak =Yjk �2k +Ak-1.
The SPDSA 500 implements this recursive equation as follows. The data stored in the storage area 50 is read out by words of b bits to a parallel-in-serial-out shift register 52. The serial output Wj0 , Wj(b-1) of the parallel-in-serial-out shift register 52 and the bit-serial input XJ0, Xj1 . . . are input into a serial adder 54. The signal Wj0 , . . . Wj(b-1) are serially input into the input lead of the serial adder 54. In this embodiment, the serial adder 54 is a conventional bit-wise adder in which the carry output of the serial adder 54 is stored to a flip-flop 56 whose output is further fed back to the carry input of serial adder 54. The flip-flop 56 is preset to 1 every b clock cycles. As a result, the serial adder 54 calculates the difference Yj =Xj -Wj, where Xj is equal to Xj(b-1), . . . , Xj0, and Wj is equal to the synaptic weights Wj(b-1), . . . , Wj0. In accordance with the recursive relationship of equation 6! and the fact that multiplication by two in binary arithmetic is accomplished by shifting, Yj appropriately shifted provides Ak-1.
As the sum is generated by the bit-wise adder 54, it is loaded a serial-in-parallel-out register 58 having width b. The register 58 is also reset to zero every b clock cycles. Thus, the register 58 stores the value Yj. In addition, as each bit is added (i.e., Yjk •), it is provided to a gating circuit 51. In this embodiment, the gating circuit 51 are b two-input AND gates, each of which receiving a corresponding bit from the register 58 at one input lead and the value of Yjk at the other input lead. Each output of the gating circuit 51 provides the term (Yjk �Ak-1), which only needs to be appropriately shifted to calculate the term (2k+1 �Yjk �Ak-1) of equation 6!. In this embodiment, each output of the gating circuit 51 is received by the three-operand adder 53 in the <2b--k: b-k> most significant bits of the input port B, with leading zeros. Trailing zeros fill in the rest of the bits in the input port B. The output of the gating circuit 51 is provided to an input port B of a three-operand adder 53. Any suitable three operand adder, which are well known in the art of digital neural networks, can be used to implement three-operand adder 53.
In addition, Yjk is provided to another input port A of the three-operand adder 53. This circuit relies on the fact that Yjk 2 is equal to Yjk (i.e., a one or a zero) because Yjk has a binary value. Again, with appropriate shifting, Yjk provides the term (Yjk 2 �22k) of equation 6!. In this embodiment, the three-operand adder 53 receives the Yjk from the serial adder 54 in the most significant bit of the input port A, with trailing zeros filling in the rest of the bits of the input port A, and with a leading zero. The output port of the three-operand adder 53 is connected to a shifter 55, which can be implemented with any suitable parallel load/access shift register. The parallel output port of the shifter 55 is connected to a third input port C of the three-operand adder 53. As described below, the shifter 55 provides the term Ak-1 2 to the input port C of the three operand adder 53.
The SPDSA 500 operates as follows. At the start of each jth input, the shifter 55 and the register 58 are reset to zero (i.e., A-1 is defined as zero), the flip-flop 56 is preset to 1. The first bit of the input (i.e., Xj0) is added to the 1's complemented first bit of the weight (i.e., Wj0), thereby calculating Yj0 (which is also A0), which is stored in the register 58 and provided to the gating circuit 51 and the three-operand adder 53. Because the register 58 and the shifter 55 were reset, the three-operand adder 53 receives zeros at the input ports C and B. As a result, the three operand adder adds zero to Yj0, thereby calculating {(Yj0 2 �20)+(21 �Yj0 �A-1)}, which is A0 2, which is then stored in the shifter 55.
At the next clock cycle, the second bit of the input and the second bit of the weight (1's complemented) are added, thereby calculating Yj1 �Yj1 is stored in the register 58 and provided to the gating circuit 51 and the three-operand adder 53. The three-operand adder 53 also receives (Yj1 �A0) at the input port B from the gating circuit 51. In addition, the three-operand adder 53 receives {(Yj0 2 �20)+(21 �Yj1 �A-1 at the input port C. Before adding the output of the gating circuit 51 to Yj1, the shifter 55 shifts its contents twice to the right. Thus, when the three-operand adder 53 provides its output to the shifter 55, the bits are, in effect, divided by four relative to the value (i.e., A0 2) already stored in the shifter. Thus, the three-operand adder 53 then adds {(Yj0 2 20)+(21 �Yj0 �A-1)}, (Yj1 2 �22) and (22 �Y of the first two summation terms of equation 6!.
The process is then repeated, with the shifter 55 arithematically shifting its contents right two bits at every clock cycle before adding the operands at its input ports. At the end of b clock cycles, the shifter 55 then shifts its contents left (2b-2) bits to obtain the solution to equation 6!.
Afterward, the contents of the shifter 55 are provided in parallel to the activation function circuit 303 (FIG. 3). In this embodiment, the activation function circuit 303 is implemented by a look-up table (LUT) device, such as a read-only-memory (ROM mapping table. Although a LUT is described, the activation function circuit 303 can be implemented in any suitable manner. The parallel data from the activation function circuit 303 is then provided to the parallel-in-serial-out register 305 (FIG. 3).
The embodiments described above are intended to be illustrative rather than limiting the invention to the described embodiments. For example, in other embodiments, different implementations are used to calculate the difference-square. In addition, in other embodiments, the memory is loaded with weights serially rather than from a bus. Further, those skilled in the art of digital neural networks can easily implement without undue experimentation a learning scheme whereby the weights are changed to allow the neural network to operate more efficiently. Accordingly, while the preferred embodiment of the invention has been illustrated and described, it will be appreciated that various changes can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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|"80170NX Electrically Trainable Analog Neural Network", Intel Co Menu, pp. 1-42, (1993).
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|Blayo, "Implementing radial basis functions neural networks on the systolic MANTRA machine," From Natural to artificial neual computation. International workshop on artificial neural networks. Proceedings, Jun. 1995.
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|Mees, Alistair I., et al., "Device Modeling by Radial Basis Functions" IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-I: Fundamental Theory an Applications, vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 19-27, (Jan. 1992).
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|Wawrzynek, John et al., The Design of a Neuro Microprocessor IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks , vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 394 399 (May 1993).
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|14 Mar 1996
|2 May 2000
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Device for designing a neural network and neural network
|9 Jun 1999
|28 Aug 2001
|Helios Semiconductor Inc.
|Digital neural node
|21 Nov 1997
|17 Sep 2002
|University Of Strathclyde
|Neural network for predicting values in non-linear functional mappings
|31 Oct 2001
|15 Aug 2006
|Nokia Corporation
|Artificial associative neuron synapse
|18 Aug 2009
|24 Apr 2012
|Hankyu Moon
|Apparatus and method for measuring audience data from image stream using dynamically-configurable hardware architecture
|31 Oct 2001
|17 Jun 2004
|Pentti Haikonen
|Artificial associative neuron synapse
|31 Oct 2001
|4 Jul 2002
|Nokia Corporation
|Artificial associative neuron synapse
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|29 Jul 1996
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"Bad Blumau" Blumau in Steiermark by coccinella169
Blumau in Steiermark Travel Guide: 5 reviews and 13 photos
Bad Blumau once just was one of those tiny farmer´s villages in Eastern Styria, about 150 km from Vienna and about 60 km from Graz. Infrastructure was very bad and they did not even have a sewer system. But then they had the idea to do some oil drillings in that area - they did not find any oil, but instead they came upon thermal springs. Now that area is famous for spa hotels. It is also close to the "styrian castle route" and nice for walks.
Friedensreich Hundertwasser was an austrian artist. Rogner Hotel and Spa in Bad Blumau was designed by him. He was of the opinion that modern architecture is far too sterile and did not like straight lines. According to him, the list of "healthy architecture" is very short - he mentioned for example Gaudi buildings, some Art deco buildings, farm houses - as long as they are made by men`s hands- and slums as samples of "healthy, not sterile architecture". He was also very close to nature. His buildings are extraordinary and full of colours. What I especially liked are the grassy roofs :)
Of course I did not miss the horse carriage ride :)
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This 4star hotel is located about 10 minutes by foot from the tiny centre of Bad Blumau. As I mentioned, it was designed... more travel advice
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So ein dunkelbuntes Wochenende sollte ich mir auch mal gönnen !
Da möchte ich auch gerne mal hinfahren !
Bad Blumau is truly an extraordinary work of art, one of the most interesting Hundertwasser's creations. I intend to visit in May :)
und wieder einmal "Luxus pur" ;-) ...Das Hundertwasser-hotel steht auch schon lange auf meinem Wunschzettel...
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Special Order
In the spring of 2002, Dave Bidini set off for Nettuno, Italy, with his wife, Janet, and their two small children, in search of his favourite summer game, baseball. Nettuno was his destination because this town, south of Rome, has been the baseball capital of Italy since 1944, when the game was introduced by the American GIs who liberated the region. Bidini wanted to spend time in a town where everyone is as nuts about the game as he is, and in Nettuno, they love the game so much that they hand out baseball gloves and bats to children taking their first communion.
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"From the Hardcover edition.
About the Author
Dave Bidini is the author of nine books, two documentary films, and one play. He is a columnist for the "Toronto Star" and the "National Post". His first book in the sports genre, "Tropic of Hockey", was named one of the Top 100 Canadian Books of All-Time by McClelland and Stewart, and his baseball odyssey, "Baseballissimo", is currently being made into a feature film. Bidini is a board member of Street Soccer Canada and has attended two Homeless World Cups, traveling with Team Canada to Melbourne and Milan. He lives in Toronto, Canada, with his wife and their two children.


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Everybody wants something for nothing. Believe it or not, every once in a while, that wish can come true. Reward points are a great way to snag everything from gift cards to movie tickets and more.
Everyone probably knows about collecting airline points and credit card rewards (you know how I feel about credit cards, no reward is worth being in debt), but here are a few of my favorite reward programs and how to best maximize them.
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How you get points: You score "Kicks" or rewards points for merely walking into select stores. You also have the opportunity to gain "Kicks" for purchases made with linked debit cards, looking through mobile catalogs, scanning items in store and referring others.
What you can cash in for: Gift cards and charitable donations. You can score as many as 200 "Kicks" for walking into a store and it only takes 500 to snag a $2 Target gift card, my favorite of the rewards.
Special notes: Coupons are also available on the app so you can save some money while collecting points. Search for Shopkick in the Android or iPhone App marketplace.
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Special notes: Even if you don't drink Coke products, you can ask family members or friends to collect the caps or codes inside of packaging for you.
What they are: Rewards programs for the two big diaper companies — Pampers & Huggies.
How you get points: Enter codes from purchased Huggies or Pampers. You'll find these codes inside the packaging. Again, you can ask others to collect them. Free codes are also released online on a regular basis. When I find them, I typically share them on www.queenoffree.net.
What you can cash in for: Kids products or toys or gift cards.
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How you get points: Enter codes from purchased DVDs or scan movie tickets to collect points.
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Special notes: Even movies seen at the dollar theater qualify for rewards points, so don't throw away that ticket stub. You can again snag free codes from time to time and the monthly e-newsletter also contains a code, too.
What it is: Many restaurants offer rewards programs where you scan a card and collect points toward free food or beverages.
My favorites: Panera, Qdoba, Starbucks, McAlister's, Papa Murphy's
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Special notes: Always ask your favorite establishments — especially local ones — if they have similar programs so that you can collect stamps, punches or scans. Typically you'll get a freebie on your birthday, too, and be alerted to special coupons or deals.
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My favorites: Wyndham, Marriott Rewards, Best Western, SPG
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Special notes: Don't forget to tell employees that you're a member before checking out and make sure your stay is applied. Plan your trips based around collecting points, too. Plus, memberships in these rewards programs also mean free perks when you stay at a hotel. Items such as free bottled water or free Wi-Fi might be included. So be sure to take a quick step to register for hotel rewards programs before your next stay.
Honorable mention rewards programs — Banking debit rewards programs, Kroger fuel rewards, Target RedCard (debit only), smart phone apps like ibotta & endorse, and cash back shopping sites such as Ebates.
Special Royal Disclaimer: No rewards program is worth going into debt. It's not a deal if you are still paying for it in the long run. Stay away from offers that sound too good to be true because they probably are just that.
Greenwood resident Cherie Lowe and her husband paid off $127,000 in debt in four years and now live debt-free every day with their two kids. Send questions, column ideas and comments to firstname.lastname@example.com


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Laguna Hills attorney named OC Trial Lawyer of the Year
Mark Poliquin, a founding partner with Doug DeGrave of Poliquin & DeGrave in Laguna Hills, has been named OC Trial Lawyer of the Year by the OC Chapter of American Board of Trial Advocates. Poliquin, 55, of Laguna Niguel, is past president of the OC Chapter of ABOTA, a legal professional association that recognizes attorneys who display skill, civility and integrity. Poliquin, who has a 30-year legal career, is also a member of the Orange County Bar Association, Association of Southern California Defense Council, California State Bar and the Southern California Association of Healthcare Risk Managers and the Defense Research Institute. He received his bachelor degree from USC and his Juris Doctor from Loyola Law School in Los Angeles.
Stephen Gomer of Mission Viejo is part of the cast in the mystery dinner theater experience "Murder by the Mission" in San Juan Capistrano. The show is launched by Tom Scott and Beverly Blake of Camino Real Playhouse with Sarducci's Capistrano Depot Restaurant. The Jan. 23 show also includes Mark Schwartz of Mission Viejo and Wendy Gallo of Aliso Viejo in the cast. For more information, call Beverly Blake at 949-374-2002.
Army Pfc. Christopher Harrington has graduated from Basic Combat Training at Fort Sill, Lawton, Okla. During nine weeks of training, he studied the Army mission, drill and ceremonies, military justice, rifle marksmanship, map reading, foot marches and combat. Harrington is the son of David Harrington of Aliso Viejo.
ABC Pilates in Laguna Niguel is kicking off a 12-week free fitness and nutrition program at 6 p.m. on Jan. 14. Mission Viejo residents Greta Boris, owner of Fitness Inside Out, and Amy Cady, owner of ABC Pilates, will give lectures each month to support your weight management goals. Friday's meeting, at 27601 Forbes Road, is a girls night out to kick off the program and features wine, food and pampering. Bring in your jeans and learn how to start shedding those extra pounds. Information: 949-305-3310.
Nicholas Camarda of Laguna Hills is on the honor roll at Phillips Academy in Andover, Mass. For the fall term. To be named to the honor roll, students must maintain at least a 5-point grade average on a 6-point scale. Camarda is a member of the class of 2012. Phillips Academy is a coeducational, nonprofit, independent high school of 1,100 students.
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Victorious Living Class Way in Great Britain Wierwille
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Payment | Shipping | Policies Plus Victorious Living Class Way in Great Britain Wierwille
Album Principles for Victorious Christian Living Class taught by Rev Chris Geer published by The Way in Great Britain. All 9 Cassette Tapes.
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The Northwest Ohio Workforce Development and Advanced Manufacturing (WDAM) Training Center, located in Toledo, Ohio is a multi-million dollar project spearheaded by Terra State Community College, University of Toledo and Northwest State Community College. The state-of-the-art training facility features five advanced manufacturing laboratories with the ability to simulate manufacturing and industrial work spaces, including flexible classrooms and conference rooms that provide collaborative learning and training venues. The newly renovated facility is scheduled to be open and operational for the Spring 2016 semester.
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