text:
Bunny Pancake
This Cats vs Zombies Short Film Will Make Your Day
24 Of The Most Hilarious Moments Captured At The Perfect Time
20 Terrifying Animals You Didn't Know Were Real
What Were These People Thinking? 16 Hilarious Tattoo Fails
25 Photos That Will Restore Your Faith In Humanity
Kahn Design's Defender-Based 6x6 Can Be Yours For $310k
Top 10 "Useless" Organs
AHHH! 13 Bone Chilling Pictures of Horrifying Hell Beasts
10 Most Gorgeous Airline Flight Attendants
The Hottest Supercars You'll Stretch Your Wallet For
Born Fighters: the 25 Most Aggressive Dog Breeds
Audi SQ7 Prototype Crashes During Nürburgring Testing: Video
Prepare to Have Your Mind Blown
The Cutest Puppy Before And After Adoption
10 Truly Horrifying Creatures
17 of the Ugliest Celebrities
The Final Cosplay from Anime Expo 2014
15 Place On Earth Where The Laws of Physics Don't Apply
20 Times Nature Won In The War Against Civilization
21 Outrageous Customized Motorcycles
5 Popular Houseplants That Actually Purify Your Air
Driving A Police Car: Six Things You Should Know
Why You're Lucky You Don't Work For This Company
Meet The Amazing Walmart Woman
This Guy Must Have Some Real Game
25 Most Unbelievable Coincidences
25 Most Dangerous Cities In The World
10 Most Adorable Cat Breeds on Earth
A Sultan Commissions The Most Expensive Mack Truck Ever Built


text:
Volume 84, Number 4
July/August 2005
Enjoy This Issue
Get full access to Foreign Affairs
Save 55% off the cover price when you subscribe today Subscribe Now
Preparing for the Next Pandemic
Michael T. Osterholm
The Human-Animal Link
William B. Karesh and Robert A. Cook
The Lessons of HIV/AIDS
Laurie Garrett
Regime Change and Its Limits
Richard N. Haass
Giving Justice Its Due
George Perkovich
A Trade War with China?
Neil C. Hughes
Antidumping: The Third Rail of Trade Policy
N. Gregory Mankiw and Phillip L. Swagel
Europe's Angry Muslims
Robert S. Leiken
How to Help Poor Countries
Nancy Birdsall, Dani Rodrik, and Arvind Subramanian
Addressing State Failure
Stephen D. Krasner and Carlos Pascual
A Partnership for Central Asia
S. Frederick Starr
Review Essays
Occupational Hazards
Phebe Marr
Counterterrorism in Retrospect
Martha Crenshaw
Responses & Letters
How Scary Is the Deficit?
Brad Setser et al.
His Master's Voice?
David S. Jackson et al.
False Premises
Siamack Shojai
Sticks and Straws
Matthew Kroenig
Pollack and Takeyh Reply
Kenneth Pollack and Ray Takeyh
False Hope
Adam S. Posen
Standards and Poor
Peter Bosshard
Do Not Enter
David A. Harris

subset: commoncrawl


text:
(based on 2 reviews)
Ratings Distribution
5 Stars
4 Stars
3 Stars
2 Stars
1 Stars
Reviewed by 2 customers
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Quality Chair
By Sure Shot
from Menomonee Falls, WI
See all my reviews
Best Uses
Comments about ERGOCRAFT Adjustable Footring Stool - 23-33" Seat Height - Standard Style - Carpet casters:
Quality chair at a fair price. Have now bought 8 of these for our employees. Very comfortable. Assembly could not be easier. Literally 2 minutes from box to using this product. Have not purchased one with casters, only the pods.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
Was this review helpful? Yes / No
- You may also flag this review
Quality, well built chair. Could not be easier to assemble. Literally 2 minutes. Now have 8 and will purchase more for our assembly production.


text:
Automatic budget cuts have spotty record
WASHINGTON Congress and President Barack Obama are proposing ways to automatically trigger budget savings if they can't rein in deficits the old-fashioned way, by enacting laws to cut spending or raise taxes. Similar efforts in the past have a spotty record.
The last quarter-century has seen plenty of missed deficit and spending targets and inventive evasions of budget curbs. This is because the same legislators who put in place those budget constraints can pass laws to ignore them.
That history has convinced analysts that automatic triggers work best when lawmakers already have approved spending cuts, taxes increases or both. They're least effective when used as an incentive to force legislators into such agreements in the first place.
"Process alone is never going to bring about fiscal responsibility," said Robert Bixby, executive director of the Concord Coalition, a nonpartisan group that wants to erase federal deficits. "If the political actors are not willing or ready to make hard choices, they won't."
This year's expected record deficit of $1.5 trillion and a cumulative national debt topping $14 trillion have snowballed into a major political issue that probably will color presidential and congressional elections in 2012.
As a result, Washington is awash with proposals from Obama, lawmakers and anti-deficit groups such as the Bipartisan Policy Center to automatically trigger budget savings if ceilings on spending, the national debt or other benchmarks are pierced.
A quarter-century ago, lawmakers were looking for similar mechanisms.
When Reagan-era deficits reached the unprecedented $200 billion-a-year range, Congress in 1985 enacted the Gramm-Rudman law, sponsored by Sens. Phil Gramm, R-Texas, Warren Rudman, R-N.H., and Ernest Hollings, D-S.C.
The measure set a declining six-year path of deficit targets that would culminate in a balanced budget in 1991. Failure to hit an annual target was supposed to automatically trigger across-the-board spending cuts known as sequesters. That medicine was considered so harsh that it would force nervous lawmakers to risk angering voters by enacting needed savings.
At the time, Rudman called it "a bad idea whose time has come." For the most part, it didn't work.
Gramm-Rudman forced a $12 billion sequester in 1986, a small but noticeable dent in that year's $990 billion budget. But Congress dealt with two other sequesters in 1988 and 1990 by passing laws to reduce or erase them. The same lawmakers who enacted Gramm-Rudman simply voted to defang it. What was to have been a balanced budget in 1991 produced $269 billion in red ink, a record at the time.
"When it became hard to do those things, people walked away," Rudman said in a recent interview.
One problem was that the law's targets were pegged to federal deficits, which lawmakers don't fully control because government spending and revenue are strongly influenced by the economy. A strong economy brings the government more revenue and lower spending. A weak economy in which the jobless and poor need more support does the opposite.
When Congress relaxed Gramm-Rudman's deficit targets after the 1987 stock market crash, actual deficits still missed the law's new goals by an average of $50 billion annually from 1988 to 1990. The controls were abandoned when President George H.W. Bush's administration projected the law would force unbearably high budget cuts of up to $100 billion that fall.
The new red ink drove Bush and congressional Democrats to the bargaining table, ultimately producing a deficit-cutting agreement and Bush's abandonment of his "read my lips - no new taxes" pledge, costing him re-election two years later.
"It certainly didn't work as well as we might have hoped," Gramm, now a vice chairman of UBS investment bank, said recently of Gramm-Rudman. "But it certainly worked better than nothing."


text: I am having an ASUS CUSL2-C motherboard with Pentium III processor. When i was booting with winxp professional service pack 2, An error message is generated syaing "keyboard error or no keyboard present". I tried to replug the keyboard but that does not helped at last i bought a new usb keyboard. Since i thought that this is not a keyboard problem. Because i thought that this would be the PS2 port on the motherboard not the keyboard. The problem is that i am not able to enter into the BIOS to change the settings without the keyboard. i've tried to use the USB keyboard but doesn't help because USB Legacy Support is turned off in the BIOS. Suggest me a solution to get into BIOS without keyboard?


text:
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STARmeterSEE RANK
Down 8,291 this week
Jerry Heller
Jerry Heller is best known for managing west coast rap supergroup and gangster rap pioneers NWA and Eazy E and was a co-founder and CEO of Ruthless Records. Jerry Heller can be counted as one of the select few in the music industry who has had a significant role in shaping trends and musical movements for five decades. Truly a unique force with his... See full bio »
Born:Gerald E Heller


text:
Kukla's Korner Hockey
Video- Athletes, Welcome To Sochi, Here Is Your Room
by Paul on 02/04/14 at 10:29 AM ET
Comments (3)
Filed in: Hockey Related Stories, | KK Hockey | Permalink
Tags: sochi+olympics
Thanks to a Pavel Lysenkov tweet for the video alert.
Posted by Paul from Motown Area on 02/04/14 at 10:44 AM ET
It's pretty nice actually. When I went to Russia, we had those bathroom where you can do your business while taking a shower (literally)
Posted by gowings from MTL on 02/04/14 at 11:12 AM ET
It's pretty nice actually. When I went to Russia, we had those bathroom where you can do your business while taking a shower (literally) smile
Posted by gowings from MTL on 02/04/14 at 10:12 AM ET
Oh, there are some roadside motels in the northern parts of Luzon in the Philippines like that. Just not as nice as Sochi. By "not as nice," I mean awful. Scary like toilet-bowl-doesn't-flush scary. Luckily, it's just that ONE motel.
Posted by SYF from monkey's football...and that damn chimney, too on 02/04/14 at 01:12 PM ET
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text:
Guided Whitetail Hunts, Archery and Gun
Taylor Creek Outfitters presents Guided Whitetail Hunts for the real Hunter !
3 to 5 day hunts for Archery and Gun Seasons, 140 acers with No feeders and No fences.
100 yr Old Rustic Log Cabin on the Creek in the Upper Peninsula MI 20 minutes from Mackinac Island. Meals and Accomadations Provided.
$200 a day plus license, 1 child under 14 per 1 Adult FREE. Weapons not supplied !
239-321-9277 William Ingram
|All times are GMT -5. The time now is 09:21 PM.
User Alert System provided by Advanced User Tagging (Pro) - vBulletin Mods & Addons Copyright © 2016 DragonByte Technologies Ltd.


text:
: Club:
~>{*Shiny Hunters Club}<~
View Single Post
November 5th, 2012 (9:34 AM). Edited November 5th, 2012 by Chr. Draco.
Chr. Draco
Dragon Power
Join Date: Nov 2008
Gender: Male
Nature: Jolly
Posts: 681
Well I guess I have an Update:
First, congrats on your gurdurrs Yami zidane. At least you were able to catch one and add it to your collection.
Welcome iZTwi and congrats on your piplup and marowak.
Now My update: I guess is the first legend to be posted in the club that can be found in black2/white2. Well, here's the pic:
shiny regirock white 2.jpg
found it yesterday and caught it in a premier ball.
Cya next time and happy hunting.
Chr. Draco
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text:
2008 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor - Belize
|United States Department of Labor
|Bureau of International Labor Affairs
|Publication Date
|10 September 2009
|Cite as
|United States Department of Labor, 2008 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor - Belize, 10 September 2009, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/4aba3ef02.html [accessed 29 May 2016]
|This is not a UNHCR publication. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do not necessarily reflect those of UNHCR, the United Nations or its Member States.
|Selected Statistics and Indicators on Child Labor
|Population, children, 5-14 years, 2001:
|Working children, 5-14 years (%), 2001:
|Working boys, 5-14 years (%), 2001:
|Working girls, 5-14 years (%), 2001:
|Working children by sector, 5-14 years (%), 2001:
|– Agriculture
|– Manufacturing
|– Services
|– Other
|Minimum age for work:
|Compulsory education age:
|Free public education:
|Gross primary enrollment rate (%), 2007:
|Net primary enrollment rate (%), 2007:
|School attendance, children 5-14 years (%), 2001:
|Survival rate to grade 5 (%), 2006:
|ILO Convention 138:
|ILO Convention 182:
|ILO-IPEC participating country:
* In practice, must pay for various school expenses
** Accession
Incidence and Nature of Child Labor
Most working children in Belize are found in rural regions in the agricultural sector. Many of these children work in banana, sugar cane, and citrus production. Children also work in wholesale and retail trade, repair, tourism, providing diverse services, and to a lesser extent, in construction and manufacturing. According to a 2003 study by the ILO, half of the boys who work do so in hazardous forms of labor. Girls engage in prostitution with older men in exchange for clothing, jewelry, food, school fees, and books. The YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) reports that as many as 20 percent of its under-aged clients have been solicited for commercial sex activities.
Belize is reported to be a source, transit, and destination country for the trafficking of children. Trafficking of girls within Belize and to and from other countries occurs for both sexual exploitation and for work as domestic servants.
Child Labor Laws and Enforcement
The Labor Act of Belize sets the minimum age for work as 14 years Article 164 states that no person shall employ a child in a public or private undertaking, and child is defined as being under 14 years in the interpretation section of the Labor Act. Article 169 establishes the minimum age for light work as 12 years of age. According to the Labor Act, children over 12 years may work after school hours, for no more than 2 hours on a school day or a Sunday, only between 6 a.m. and 8 p.m., and in work that is not likely to cause injury. Children of any age may work on family farms with authorization. The Labor Act sets penalties for non-compliance with minimum age standards that include fines and imprisonment of up to 2 months for a first offense and up to 4 months in the case of a second or subsequent offense.
The law prohibits persons under 18 years from engaging in any form of harmful employment. Forced labor and slavery are prohibited. Although there is no law establishing a minimum age for conscription into the military, the minimum age for voluntary enrollment is 18 years. The law punishes child trafficking offenses with imprisonment of up to 5 years and fines. The law also prohibits sex with a female younger than 14 years and provides for a penalty of 12 years to life imprisonment. The sentence for the same act with a girl 14 to 16 years is 5 to 10 years.
Inspectors from the Departments of Labor and Education are responsible for enforcing child labor regulations. The Family Services Division of the Ministry of Human Development, Women, Child, and Civil Society is responsible for investigating child trafficking cases.
Current Government Policies and Programs to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor
The Government of Belize has a National Plan of Action for Children and Adolescents, 2004-2015, which specifically seeks to protect children from trafficking, commercial sexual exploitation, and unacceptable forms of child labor. The plan seeks to amend the Labor Act to better address child labor issues, develop and implement regulations on exploitive child labor in the social service agencies, strengthen enforcement capacity of key ministries, and increase prevention and public awareness efforts.
The Government of Belize participated in a USDOL-funded 7-year USD 8.8 million regional project implemented by ILO-IPEC which concluded in April 2009 and sought to combat commercial sexual exploitation through a variety of activities, including capacity building and legal reform. In addition, the project targeted 713 children for withdrawal and 657 children for prevention from commercial sexual exploitation in Central America. The Government of Belize also participated in a USD 1.4 million regional project funded by the Government of Canada and implemented by ILO-IPEC aimed at combating the worst forms of child labor that ended in September 2008. The Government of Belize participated in a Phase III USD 3.3 million regional project to eradicate child labor in Latin America funded by the Government of Spain and implemented by ILOIPEC.
The Ministry of Human Development is participating in a project funded by USDOS that aims to build capacity of the Ministry's trafficking assistance program, focusing on victim rehabilitation, shelter, training, and prevention. USDOS is also funding a regional project with the Government of Belize that protects children from commercial sexual exploitation in tourism and promotes codes of conduct in the tourism industries in Belize and Mexico.


text: Now I always end up getting 2:06 in this game so I just want to know if there are any tips or tricks by which I would be able to get a better time. Because I have seen people getting a good time i.e. 1:50 and sometimes 1:45. So do you all know any method by which I would be able to get such time. Any of you all having any idea then please do share their ideas with me. Believe me guys it would be of great fun for me.


text:
Simple Definition of rouge
: a red powder or cream that is used to make your cheeks pinker
Examples of rouge in a sentence
She was wearing too much rouge.
Origin of rouge
French, from Middle French, from rouge red, from Latin rubeus reddish — more at ruby
First Known Use: 1751
Rhymes with rouge
Definition of rouge
transitive verb
1 : to apply rouge to
2 : to cause to redden
intransitive verb
: to use rouge
First Known Use of rouge
ROUGE Defined for Kids
Definition of rouge for Students
: a cosmetic used to give a red color to cheeks or lips
Learn More about rouge
Spanish Central: Translation of "rouge" Nglish: Translation of "rouge" for Spanish speakers Britannica English: Translation of "rouge" for Arabic speakers Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about "rouge"
Seen and Heard
What made you want to look up rouge? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


text:
What you need to know?
The 250,000 downloads in year not too shabby, too shabby at all and thank you very much for downloading. We appreciate it. This is probably one guy in Iowa, who's downloaded 100,000 episodes. He is a method that is listen to what equity we really appreciate the so we've had some had some back and forth about this. Some people would love actually true, was given me some feedback. He was talking about one of the problems with having an interview and a brain trust in the same segment. The titles are difficult can have too long of a title for like a podcast player so typically the titles are descriptive of the interview and don't give much love to the brain trust even of the brain trust is usually really awesome to listen to the true and suggested we release to podcasts a week one is just the interview and was the brain trust but yet I've gotten so used to the format so then Jason just moments ago suggested. This also apply when you are using other cosmetic products such as collagen supplements.
How about this we do the regular show and then we release just the interview and just the brain trust at the same time so people if people don't want to hear the interview and I want to hear the brain trust they can still get all the brain trust goodness without that without having to download the whole episode. So yes, with that in mind corporate dentistry. Listeners who are interested or have an opinion on that email us you can go to the Facebook page and write us a note on the Facebook page. That's fine you were looking for. We know that only the people who really care about this and takes to: in email so if this sounds a great idea or terrible idea or whatever emails and what this would look like is on your feed each week you get it would look like three podcasts being downloaded but understand it would be you know we probably label it like episode 53 and then maybe 53.
1 and 53.2 or something like that. So you understand that they're not there the same episode, but I think it's an interesting idea. I think it might be worth looking into. So what is Jason Lipscomb listen all three at the same time he could all ran about the same quadraphonic sound baby straight talk about so we have a really good interview today I want I want to preface it by the fact that worry we interview a deer and shawl from white Spark.ca he's Canadian a. They are a company that that manages the demands a lot of stuff but Jason has used them for reasons that we got this guy off just so happens that he's a great interview.
He's funny and he's super smart and he's like should probably have his own podcast which offers the best teeth whitening products http://www.astoundingweb.org/best-teeth-whitening-products/ he so freaking good on the microphone Jason tell us what you use them for white Spark is a service that helps you with your local search and an analog Dennis out there really trying to figure out Google and how to get better listings on Google and constantly always work, I found I've spoken all of the country about the Google googles the googles and getting up there and this guy is one of the experts and he is actually one of the big guys in the local search world and is very well respected and at the very big yet for us to get on our podcast totally just got some office awesome information http://www.astoundingweb.org/ and they have a company that that helps and if you look at services that are focused just a dentist on local search and see how expensive they are.
If you go to their website and look at all the different services they have and how cheap it is. You will instantly fall in love. I can tell you right ways. It's really interesting because they're not geared specifically to dental services. They are significantly less expensive than a lot of the dental specific ones and we do spend between the two episodes which is this week and next week or the next. Whenever we get them on for the second half deserves too much for one. One episode he talks about a lot of these things it's really worth hanging in there for seriously it's really good is terrific.
They also on top of that you go to white Spark.ca and for you. We gave us a code to use for the dental ask for don't ask. Listeners only dental hack's 15 all smooshed together can be used for 20% off local citation finder and local rank tracker services or if they sign up for local Spark which is the big dog the full service which is a six month service which basically cleans up all your website issues and all that stuff. That's a Jason did that you get at 10% knocked off which is a huge deal physicist. It's unbelievable. So its dental hack's 15 and I just got done with that service said they were really great.
Help me out. They redid my website. They cleaned up my citations. They have local search. They sent me multiple reports about what they were doing how my ranks for changing over time. They also let me in on a service, reputation builder, which workers talk about in the podcast, which developer clears up. If you use some of the other services out there to get reviews. This may be a a less-expensive add on to those my daughter now it's the it's really promising you how you like 27 bucks a month for basically something that that not only does it help you get reviews in the places you want reviews like Google and yelp, but it also can head off at the pass people that might be leaving negative reviews with a relatively simple but ingenious service.


text:
IMDb > Red Queen (Character)
Top Linksmain detailsbiographyby votesphoto galleryquotes
Filmographiesby yearby typeby ratingsby votesby TV seriesby genreby keyword
Did You Know?photo galleryquotes
Red Queen (Character)
from Resident Evil (2002)
The content of this page was created by users. It has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff.
Alternate Names:
The Red Queen
FilmographyEdit Credits
There may be more credits available for this character. To edit the credits displayed or to add more credits to this character's filmography, click the Edit Credits link.
Jump to filmography: Video-game
- Resident Evil: Retribution (2012) Played by Megan Charpentier (as The Red Queen) / Ave Merson-O'Brian (as The Red Queen)
... aka "Resident Evil V: Retribution" - Japan (English title) (literal English title)
- Resident Evil (2002) Played by Michaela Dicker
... aka "Biohazard" - Japan (English title) (literal English title)
- Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles (2007) (VG) Played by Tara Platt
... aka "Baiohazâdo: Anburera kuronikuruzu" - Japan (original title)
... aka "Biohazard: Umbrella Chronicles" - International (English title)
Additional Details
Plot Keywords:
Fun Stuff
From Resident Evil (2002)
Red Queen: I implore you.
Kaplan: Implore away!
See more »
Red Queen: I implore you.
Kaplan: Implore away!
See more »
You may correct errors and omissions on this page directly. Clicking the 'Update' button will take you through a step-by-step process.


text:
Malta: The Thorn in Rommel's Side: Six Months that Turned the War
Between June 1940 and December 1942, Malta became one of the most bombed places on earth. The battle for this tiny island proved to be one of the most decisive turning points of World War II. In this book the author uses first-hand experience of the conflict to describe the pressures of combat. As the commanding officer of the island's top-scoring Spitfire squadron he gives an insight into the tactics that reversed the overwhelming odds stacked against Allied successes, as well as featuring miraculous escapes and the darker hours - the intense bombing campaign that destroyed 39 newly-arrived Spitfires, the hardships endured by the islanders and the enormous cost in human life. Laddie Lucas recounts individual stories of heroism and gives an insight into the behaviour of the pilots.
Please visit Help Page for Questions
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text:
Re: DirectorySecurity and ACLs
- From: Dominick Baier [DevelopMentor] <dbaier@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Thu, 2 Feb 2006 20:06:16 +0000 (UTC)
this overload which uses the Kerberos S4U services works only on Windows 2003 and if your domain is in 2003 functionality mode - this means every DC must be Windows 2003.
Dominick Baier - DevelopMentor
Thanks for the response.
We have a mix of 2000 and 2003 DCs in our forrest. I have tried the
new WindowsPrincipal(new WindowsIdentity(username)).IsInRole() and get
the error "Invalid Function". Any idea how to correct that?
I do realize that the local groups on the remote servers will not be
easily checked, but 98% of our permissions are AD group based, so I
should be mostly ok.
"Henning Krause [MVP]" wrote:
thats very difficult to do...especially, if the acl is from another
computer... think of this:
There is an Explicit READ ACL for LocalAdministrators on machine X.
LocalGroupA contains a global group which contains UserA.
If you check that acl from a different computer, you cannot easily
check whether UserA has acces rights on that folder. See
http://blogs.msdn.com/oldnewthing/archive/2006/02/02/523171.aspx for
more information on this topic.
As for the WindowsPrincipal.IsInRole.. with .NET 2.0 and a Windows
Domain, you can use
new WindowsPrincipal(new WindowsIdentity(username)).IsInRole().
See http://msdn.microsoft.com/msdnmag/issues/03/04/SecurityBriefs/
for more on this Kereberos S4U Feature.
Henning Krause
"Jaret Langston" <jaret.langston@xxxxxxxxx> wrote in message
I want to check the ACL rights on a directory/file and see if an ACL
for a
Group or User is covered by another ACL. The goal is to check the
directory/file ACLs for redundant rule sets. I am using VS2005 and
2.0 for this code.
For example:
There is an Explicit READ ACL for UserX.
There is an Inherited Change ACL for GroupY.
How do I determine if UserX is covered by the GroupY ACL?
The application is NOT being executed by UserX, so the
WindowsPrincipal.IsInRole is not an option (that I know of).
Thanks for any assistance.
Jaret Langston
Amsouth Bank
- Follow-Ups:
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text:
Posts from Windows Phone
In Honor of Earth Day: Green Living Apps
Weekly Smartphone App Roundup
How To Digitize Business Card Contacts
Kids' Games to Educate and Also Entertain
Weekly Smartphone App Roundup
10 Travel Apps For Visiting
Washington D.C.
Smartphone Travel App Showcase
Washington D.C. is home not only to all three branches of the US Federal government, but also to 17 Smithsonian museums and the upcoming national Cherry Blossom Festival, making it a travel destination of both historic and cultural signficance. Even without the architecture and iconic monuments, the Federal City has plenty to offer for tourists from spring onto summer. Here are a few apps to maximize your time while visiting the capital of the United States...
Apps to Help You Find Gas Stations, Parking, ATMs, and Even Public Bathrooms
Weekly Smartphone App Roundup
How well do you know your own city? At any given time can you locate the nearest parking facility? How about bathrooms, gas station, or ATM kiosks? This app roundup focuses on honing in on important services around town, especially helpful when you've got to navigate a new part of town (or out of town!).
A Five Star Vacation in the Lone Star State: 10 Trip Apps For Austin, Texas
Smartphone Travel App Showcase
Within the heart of Texas lies a city which proudly boasts its goal to "keep things weird". And you only need to check out our archive of House Tours from Austin to realize the city lives up to its unique standards, making it a destination for lovers of music, food, art, and crafts. Here's how to get the most from the Live Music Capital of the World while in Austin from the palm of your hands...
Apps for Moments When You Need to Continue Writing Away from the Desk
Weekly Smartphone App Roundup
As much as I miss my chicken scratch handwritten notes, I now find it easier to use my computer and mobile devices to review my work anywhere via cloud services and apps. Where I work is now "anywhere" and "everywhere"! Here are a few I've used over the last several years that work quite well.
Smartphone Photography FUNdamentals: Photojojo University
Journey to the Emerald City: 10 Travel Apps for Visiting Seattle
Smartphone Travel App Showcase
Did you know Seattle played a big part in the careers of then up and coming jazz musicians, Ray Charles and Quincy Jones? And, many of us can still smell the teen spirit wafting from the epicenter of grunge bands of the 90's. The Emerald City is a musical town with a rich cultural history, amazing coffee culture, vibrant tech industry, and home to many museums, conventions, and festivals. So if you're interested in taking a trip up the Space Needle, catching a Mariners game, or setting it as the starting point of a Pacific Northwest adventure, here are some apps for your next Seattle vacation...
How To Safely Clean Your Cellphone
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Glance over at your cell phone. How does it look? Dirty? Smudged? Now think about putting that phone up to your face to talk, or touching it with your hands to text. Are you now sufficiently motivated to clean it up? I'll tell you how when you read on.


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What's All This About a Trillion-Dollar Coin?
I was still recovering from a nasty case of Fiscal Cliff Fatigue when my current-events radar started picking up vague references to a "trillion-dollar platinum coin" that was somehow connected to the looming debt-ceiling crisis our elected officials have prepared for us as a kind of late (and awful) Christmas gift.
At first I figured it was another brilliant piece of satire from The Onion. But no. Despite the fact that the idea seems to have originated with a 1998 episode of The Simpsons, the creation of a single trillion-dollar platinum coin by the U.S. Treasury would actually be a legal solution to the aforementioned debt-ceiling crisis. As this very thorough piece on The Atlantic's website explains: "It sounds nuts. But there's a loophole that actually lets the Treasury create coins in whatever value it wants, even $1 trillion. It's all straightforward enough. The Treasury would create one of these coins, deposit it at the Federal Reserve, and use the new money in its account to pay our bills if the debt ceiling isn't increased."
Now, I enjoy a good joke as much as the next frustrated and perennially-annoyed voter/taxpayer. And I even have a couple of ideas about what the coin should look like (How about putting this guy on it?). But I can't help but see this coin business as yet another pointless distraction from the serious business of fixing our broken economy. This piece in the Washington Post puts it well : "The best reason to oppose the platinum coin idea is this: It is not the way we do business here in the United States. It is the kind of insane, seemingly extra-constitutional gambit one expects of banana republics, not the wealthiest and most powerful nation to ever stride the earth. It is demeaning to all of us."
A penny for your thoughts, dear reader.
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A dog's energy level is the single most important factor to consider when choosing a dog, says celebrity dog trainer and YouTube star Zak George. Here's how to evaluate a low-energy dog, a medium-energy dog, and a high-energy dog.
7 Incredibly Dangerous Parenting Moves Even Careful Parents Make By Mistake
You use baby gates at the top (and bottom) of the stairs, secure heavy furniture to the wall, and monitor your teen's social media profiles. But even the most careful parents make potentially harmful child safety mistakes. Here are some of them.


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Escape to Total Rewards Los Angeles
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lynn reed
RE: Julian recording
He was a steel guitar's best friend, wasn't he?? Thank you for your inquiry - I don't perform anymore. If I do, it's totally unexpected and also a shock to me as well. I think I have some 45's still around. I don't own a record player, so I haven't heard it in quite a while. Sweet time in my life.
Lynn Reed
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lynn reed
on Jun 30, 2013 2:56 PM
francis dellinger
Pedigo 136-338-522-1-8
Pedigo descendent Genelogy research
Pedigo line # Pedigo 136-338-522-1-8
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francis dellinger
on May 09, 2013 3:39 AM
Lisa Renee Newton
Maude Shields
I need parents of Maude E Shields b Jul 1882 IN
married Barney Newton in Wright County MO in 1898. Can you help?
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Lisa Renee Newton
on Oct 28, 2012 11:05 AM
Smiths Grove, Ky HOLMAN
Please take a look at F/G #83391317 and wife
#83391316. (I just had them restored). Is this Sim B in your data base?
I had hoped he would be kin to Alice to give me
double pioneer kin links: Dossey and Monroe.
Shoshana # 47813956
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on Oct 13, 2012 4:24 PM
Parker, Jr.
Thanks for adding Jr. You can link to his Mom.
Ditto for the relationship. Mine is from Sr.
I'll send you a private email
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Shoshana #47813956
Do you have any clue as to the whereabouts of Parker, Sr's burial site?? He's my gggrandpa.
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Lenni Nordloh
RE: Henry Bowles Holman
Henry Bowles Holman is my fourth grandfather, I believe. My line is Henry Bowles Holman, John William, William Henry and then Martha Holman. What is yours????
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on Jun 05, 2012 11:22 PM
Lenni Nordloh
RE: Henry Bowles Holman
I am attempting to apply for the DAR... My grandmother was Martha Ellen Holman married to Dr. McCord Ganes Roberts. I just found 35 patriots in our line... Is that true????
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Henry Bowles Holman
Did you join the "Son's of the Revotionary War?" I am a direct decendant of this gentleman, too. My grandmother was Martha Ellen Holman Roberts. I am a Baptist Pastor's wife.
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Andy McCue
Walter Francis O'Malley, the owner who dragged baseball franchises across the country and baseball management into the twentieth century, was born in New York City on October 9, 1903.
A boy who barely played the game, O'Malley wound up drawing comparisons to Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, and Mephistopheles after moving his successful Brooklyn Dodgers franchise to Los Angeles for the 1958 season. He was called the most powerful man in baseball and the real commissioner during the 1960s, but his team wound up producing the free agent identified most closely with breaking the reserve clause and revolutionizing the economics of Major League Baseball.
Walter was the only child of Edwin and Alma (Feltner) O'Malley. Edwin was a clerk in the drygoods business who subsequently moved to the distant reaches of Queens and migrated to real estate and Democratic politics. He spent a stormy seven years as city commissioner of public markets. The increasingly affluent Edwin shipped Walter off to Culver Academy, an exclusive and expensive prep school in northern Indiana.
From Culver, Walter moved to the University of Pennsylvania, graduating in 1926. His main claim to fame at Penn was as a student organizer and politician. He was the first Penn man ever elected class president in both his junior and senior years, and he was selected as "Spoon Man" by his classmates, one of Penn's high honors each year.
Walter moved to another Ivy League school, Columbia University, for law school. However, after one year, he dropped out of Columbia and moved his law studies to night school at Fordham University. He was out of the Ivy League and back with the Catholic strivers. O'Malley later said his father had lost all his money.
Walter O'Malley was already moving to take control of the
club during the 1947 season.
Edwin apparently hadn't lost all his influence in the city, however, for Walter immediately landed a job that paid the night-school bills. It was in the city's engineering department, and O'Malley would subsequently claim he had studied engineering at Penn. His transcript, however, reveals no engineering courses and some early difficulties with mathematics. Nevertheless, he subsequently moved to an engineering firm that did business with the city, and then he opened Walter F.


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Commissioner of EducationRead Bio
ITEST is a program that promotes Pre-K-12 student interests and capacities to participate in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and information and communications technology (ICT) workforce of the future. To achieve this objective, ITEST supports the development, implementation and selective spread of innovative strategies for engaging students in experiences that (1) increase student awareness of STEM and ICT careers; (2) motivate students to pursue the education necessary to participate in those careers; and/or (3) provide students with technology-rich experiences that develop their knowledge of related content and skills (including critical thinking skills) needed for entering the STEM workforce.
Google RISE Awards are grants for organizations across the globe that promote computer science education and initiatives that reach girls, underrepresented minorities and students under 18 facing socio-economic barriers.
Learn more about the standards that define the knowledge and skills Arkansas students should have in order to be ready for college and careers.Learn More
Find critical information about renewing Arkansas educator licenses, adding areas of licensure, licensing by reciprocity from other states, background checks and more.Learn More


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How to Write to an Old Friend You Haven't Spoken to in Ages
It's High School all over again. You know you want to talk to him or her. You know it! You might be dreading writing to your old friend. But with these easy steps, you can make writing that letter a snap!
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That means it's off to a good start, but still has room to grow into a more helpful resource. Until the article reaches its full potential, it will be hidden from search results. Can you help it flourish? If you think the article offers complete and accurate instructions, feel free to remove this tag.
1Figure out why you are writing to her. Do you want to get back in touch with them, inform them of some news, or just do you miss them?
2Think about what you want to say. Take a moment to compose your thoughts.
3Keep the message upbeat. Tell her about what has been going on your life since you last talked, and ask her questions about hers.
4If you ended on bad terms, let her know, either implicitly or explicitly, that you have left the past in the past. If she knows that you are not mad or upset at her, it will make talking to her less awkward.
5Try to treat her like you used to. Show her that you still care about her, even though you have lost touch.
6Wait for a response, and welcome your friend back into your life!
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Ask a Question
- Don't dread it. It's one of your great friends and you should be happy to talk to them.
- Ask them to reply at the end. Who knows? You might decide to be pen pals.
- Don't write anything nasty or rude, and don't bring up negative topics.
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Basketball coaches like to refer to early season tests on their schedules as measuring sticks.
Amarillo High measured up - twice - Tuesday night in non-district action against city rival Palo Duro.
In the opener, No. 7 Amarillo High used its double trouble scoring duo of Leah Rush and Katie Sterna to fend off the 3-point bombs of guard Toya Gonzales and remain undefeated with a 63-55 victory over the Lady Dons in the AHS Activity Center.
Then, in the physical foul-a-thon nightcap, Amarillo High used 25 points from senior Andrew Patterson and hit its foul shots down the stretch to secure a 73-59 victory over Palo Duro.
The Lady Sandies improved to 3-0 early season thanks to shaking off early turnover problems, handling the tempo much of the game, and using 41 combined points from senior Sterna and junior Rush.
AHS opened the game losing nine turnovers in the first quarter, but settled into a more relaxed tempo, pounding the ball inside on the shorter and youthful Lady Dons.
A 14-7 Lady Sandies run to open the third period netted a 42-27 lead after Sterna drove the lane and buried two of her 16 points with 2:36 to play.
But Palo Duro, relying on the outside shooting of the 5-foot-3 Gonzales, scored 16 points over the final 2:20 to cut the AHS lead to 48-43 by the end of the third.
Gonzales, who had a game-high 30 points, buried two of her career-high six 3-pointers during the run.
However, AHS never let PD within five points allowing 4-of-5 free throws over the final 1:55 to secure the win.
"I thought we did a great job on their guards," said Palo Duro coach A.J. Johnson. "But that dang Sterna and Rush are players. They have a lot of experience and are just players. I liked what I saw from my team, though."
Rush scored a team-high 25 points and made PD pay for fouling her going 7-of-10 from the line.
AHS coach Laura Meinzer said, "I think we past this test. Palo Duro is a very good team. The first quarter we tried to play their tempo. From then on, we played a game where we tried to pound it inside and kicking it outside for the open shot."
Post Jessica Richards joined wing Sterna and post Rush in double figures with 12 points.
Joyce Benson joined Gonzales in double figures with 12 and was one of only four PD players to score.
"Toya did an excellent job of scoring," Johnson said. "Joyce picked it up. But outside of those two, we didn't have anybody else to stretch their defense. Amarillo High did a great job."
In the boys game, Amarillo High (3-2) and Palo Duro (1-1) opened with an up-tempo affair and closed with the Sandies owning the final 4:22 to close out the Dons.
The Dons, playing without three possible starters still out for football, had made its final run at AHS cutting the lead to 59-56 with 4:27 to play on Josh Luke's incredible basket that bounced off the top of the backboard and through the net.
But AHS, with a definite size advantage, outscored the Dons 14-3 over the final 4:27 and didn't allow PD a field goal.
Sandies Jordan Butts, Patterson and Michael Blankenship combined for a 6-of-8 effort at the free throw lone to secure the win.
"It was close after three periods," said PD coach Jeff Evans, "but they just out-executed us down the stretch."
The teams combined for 46 fouls and spent much of the final period at the line, unable to get into a flow.
Patterson led all scorers with his 25, 14 of the points arriving in the sizzling first quarter put up by the senior. Sophomore Tyler Cooper added 13 points, while Butts had 11.
Palo Duro was paced by Toddrick Wood's with 15, followed by Josh Luke's 14 points.
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You are a fan of sinister readings ? Come to discover the best forums sinister readings on the internet and share your experience with a community fan of sinister readings . You can also build a forum sinister readings and create your online discussion.
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Project helps establishment after TsunamiLitia Sini is grateful to the PSSF project for providing the signages for her establishment after rebuilding from the 2009 Tsunami's devastation.
Salei'a community gearing up for inclusive and accountable successesWith the support of the team from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)/Global Environment Fund (GEF) Community-Based Adaptation (CBA) project, women and men, young and old from the village gathered to celebrate and gear up their collective actions and responsibility for their own development while increasing their resiliency to the impacts of climate change.
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Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
The simple details on our Shimmering Holiday card are elegant and understated. Fitting for personal or professional use the diverse nature of this silver greeting card leaves room for endless possibilities. The minute snowflake design offers just enough detail without taking away from the clean and modern style. Select the Shimmering Holiday card to fulfill your holiday greetings this season.


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Cancer? oil, gibrock 32.5 x 20 inches 1994
Locate/React/Confront oil, collaged surface wood panels 49 x 56 inches 1994
Cancer, in particular breast cancer, has played a recurring role in my life. Both of my mother's sisters are survivors. This triptych is my tribute to these women, but particularly to Betty Holtom, my best friend's mother, who lived every moment of her life before and after her cancer.
The paintings were conceived and accomplished during my first test waiting period last summer when fibrous cysts appeared. Betty Holtom became a continued remembered presence while painting; my memories of her and my continued friendship with her daughter add a dimension to my paintings and my academic research.
OncoLink is designed for educational purposes only and is not engaged in rendering medical advice or professional services. The information provided through OncoLink should not be used for diagnosing or treating a health problem or a disease. It is not a substitute for professional care. If you have or suspect you may have a health problem or have questions or concerns about the medication that you have been prescribed, you should consult your health care provider.
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text: Hello guys, I am looking for a stable daily driver and enough customizable and also a good kernel to run with. I want a good battery life -nο complains till now- and not experiencing lag. Currently I'm using CM11 SNAPSHOT M8 combined with ElementalX. I'm new with all this and I don't even know if this version of CM is good enough as a daily driver. I have some lags here and there but I don't know if it comes from the kernel choice or the ROM. Any suggestion?


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Since the establishment of a system of higher education in Japan at the end of the 19th century, it has been one of the driving forces in leading Japan into industrialization and modernization. However, Japan has experienced great economic and social changes that now demand subsequent changes in the university system.
"University reform" is the key concept in understanding the current situation of higher education in Japan. The Basic Plan for Promotion of Science and Technology, which has just been initiated by the government, will be a great boost for the movement to reform university research. Korea, one of Japan's neighbors, is also experiencing a similar kind of reform movement affecting its university and research systems.
Universities and colleges have played several roles in Japan: training researchers, teachers, and other types of professionals; carrying out research and development; and identifying prospective young people who might later play an important role in Japanese society. The character of these roles, however, is now changing greatly due to the massification of higher education and the increased sophistication of research in science and technology. The research and research training functions of universities need to be reevaluated and improved, while also responding to various educational demands by students of a mass higher education system in which more than 47 percent of the 18-year-old population now participates. It has become difficult for each individual institution to respond to these needs at the same time.
Within this changing environment, some reforms that can now be observed are competitive allocation of research funds, expansion of graduate training accompanied by new financial aid programs, encouragement of research cooperation with industry, and restructuring of research units at major universities. After discussing the reforms taking place in graduate education in Japan, a brief description is here given of recent trends in graduate education in Korea.
Necessary reforms in graduate education have been discussed since the early 1970s, based on the idea that the system in Japan is very weak and inclined to train future academics rather than other types of professionals. The Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture (hereafter referred to as Monbusho) began introducing more flexibility through systemic reforms; it has devoted much effort to expanding the capacity of graduate schools and creating new programs at many national universities. A feature of graduate education policy recently introduced by Monbusho is a more competitive mode for obtaining research grants and other kinds of resources. For example, special competitive funds are made available both for graduate programs and graduate students. New types of fellowships fund individual prospective students, while other special funds provide institutional support for graduate programs. The effects of these policies will be seen in the near future.
Today, all national universities in Japan, as well as two-thirds of the private universities, have graduate programs. Graduate enrollment currently exceeds 170,000, including about 80,000 in science and engineering programs. This is more than 10 times the 1960 enrollment. For science and engineering, the number of students is 23 times larger.
The research environment at universities has changed radically over the past years. The most important change has been the "massification" of higher education, which has made the traditional notion of the unity of research and teaching difficult to maintain. The reform and expansion of graduate education in Japan cannot be understood without mentioning the trend toward massification of higher education at the undergraduate level. Graduate education has been recognized (by university faculties as well as by the government and industry) as a crucial device for avoiding problems, such as the lack of balance between research and teaching, caused by the massification of undergraduate education.
Japan experienced its first period of rapid growth in higher education after World War II in the 1960s and early 1970s. The participation ratio of the 18-year-old population in higher education grew rapidly from only 10.3 percent in 1960 to 38.6 percent in 1976 (figure 1). This growth was caused by various factors (Yamamoto 1997); among them, people's desire for higher education based on the belief that it would bring great personal benefit and the government's intention to expand the scale of higher education in science and engineering in response to the need for economic growth. Due to these factors, the proportion of science and engineering students in total enrollment in undergraduate programs grew from 18 percent in 1960 to 23 percent in 1976.
By that time, it was realized that massification brought not only growth of higher education in terms of number of students but also a radical change in the character of the system. Higher education was no longer for the "elite" but was available for the masses. The demand for education created a diversified system of institutions, ranging from the highly academic to the extremely practical.
In response to this rapid massification and qualitative change in higher education, Monbusho initiated a new policy that was intended to control the quantity and improve the quality of university education in the mid-1970s. Growth in the participation ratio flattened out, and enrollment also stopped growing. This policy, however, actually protected the existing higher education system; real university reform did not begin until the 1990s.
The second stage of massification started at the beginning of 1990s. The participation ratio of 18-year-olds grew again, from 36.3 percent in 1990 to 47.3 percent in 1997. This time, the share of students in science and engineering did not change but remained at around 23 percent. This rapid regrowth was triggered by an increase in the population of 18-year-olds in the late 1980s. This regrowth mechanism can be explained as follows: each university and college tries to expand enrollment when the population of 18-year-olds grows; the government also encourages each institution to accept more students because it is afraid of an increase in the number of people who cannot enroll in universities and colleges. This growth in capacity at each institution encourages 18-year-olds to attend universities and colleges at rates greater than the government anticipated, just as the "multiplier" used in explanations of economic growth. With a mass higher education system, people tend to go to college because their neighbors do.
This second stage of massification, however, was followed by a serious problem. As shown in figure 1, a steady decline in the 18-year-old populationfrom 2.05 million in 1992 to 1.20 million in 2009will considerably lower the potential higher education enrollment. Except for a few prestigious institutions, most universities will have to consider how to deal with this future shortage of applicants and how to attract students.
Along with the massification of higher education, a growing number of people have complained about the content of education. Teaching tends to be concentrated on academic material, while many students prefer to take practical courses they think will be useful in future jobs outside academia. Another difficulty is a perceived decline in student interest in learning. Many students who might not have enrolled in higher education 2 decades earlier are not accustomed to studying abstract material in academic language. Universities must respond to this more diversified student population and improve teaching techniques and curriculum. So-called "faculty development" (FD) has become a fashionable phrase in Japan when discussing the improvement of teaching. Along with FD, universities are being forced to reform in response to this new situation, and to attract and retain students.
The current graduate education system in Japan has been developing since its introduction after World War II. Enrollment in graduate education, though much smaller than in the United States and major European countries, has grown more rapidly than undergraduate enrollment during this period. Now, approximately 10 percent of students (26 percent in science and engineering) who finish undergraduate programs advance to graduate programs.
Graduate schools offer two kinds of programsa 2-year master's degree program and a 3-year doctoral program. The doctoral programs generally admit students who finish a master's degree program. Enrollment in graduate school generally requires the successful completion of a bachelor's degree. However, a recent reform enables each graduate school to admit prospective students who have not yet finished their undergraduate program and to grant degrees to those who have completed a shorter coursework program.
Japanese doctoral degrees are classified into two categories. One is the "coursework doctorate" (university-based doctorate), granted to those who finish 3 years of coursework and write a doctoral thesis. The other is the "thesis doctorate" (Ronbun doctorate), granted to those employed in industry or others who submit a thesis (based on their industrial research) to graduate schools and pass an examination. The level of both doctorates is the same according to the definition in Monbusho's Degree Order. However, a thesis doctorate has tended to be recognized as a "grand doctorate" rather than as an alternative to a coursework doctorate. Granting doctorates has sometimes been regarded in academic circles as praise for esteemed scholars for their exceptional work. This notion has tended to prevent academics from viewing doctorates as a "license" for future researchers and has made doctorates difficult to obtain for young people who are in doctoral programs, especially in the humanities and social sciences.
In the sciences, the number of coursework doctorates has traditionally exceeded the number of thesis doctorates; in engineering and medicine, on the other hand, thesis doctorates have exceeded coursework doctorates. With the expansion of university doctoral programs, however, the proportion of university-based engineering degrees has been increasing. By 1992, more doctoral engineering degrees were earned for research within university laboratories than in industrial research laboratories. This increase was partly due to the fact that each graduate school in engineering had encouraged people who had once enrolled in a master's program to enroll in shorter graduate programs (mostly 1 year) to obtain a doctorate.[1]
Under the Japanese doctorate system, there is no clear distinction between a Ph.D. and a professional doctoral degree. Recipients of either type of degree are called "doctor," although credentials require indication of a specialty and the name of the university that granted the degree.
Graduate schools are quite separate from undergraduate programs. This structural distinction is one of the unique features of the Japanese university system, in contrast to European systems where undergraduate and graduate structures are not so clearly distinguished. The U.S. graduate education system is funded by individual grants; this is unlike Japan's system, where Monbusho provides general university funds to the graduate programs at national universities. Some European countries indicate that they are now looking at the U.S. system of graduate education. One of the biggest problems is that graduate schools are much smaller than undergraduate departments. Most faculty members want to teach at graduate schools while, in reality, they usually have their affiliation with undergraduate departments and are heavily involved in undergraduate teaching. Faculties have long claimed that graduate schools should be further expanded.
Japanese graduate schools are now aiming to train professionals with advanced specialized skills, as well as train researchers to work in academia and other institutions. Most efforts, howeverespecially in the humanities and social scienceshave been devoted to training academic researchers. People who want to work for business and government have tended to end their studies at the undergraduate level. This relates to the fact that leading Japanese companies each year have recruited new bachelor's degree recipients of potential ability and given them long-term in-service training as future managers. Companies do not seek people with specific or advanced skills.
Thus, advancing to graduate programs instead of getting a job after obtaining a bachelor's degree has not been attractive except for those who intended to be university researchers. A few exceptional cases are those holding master's degrees in engineering or doctoral degrees in medicine. The reason for the success of master's programs in engineering was the growing demand for specialized skills in this field when Japan's economy was increasing rapidly. This economic growth triggered policymakers and industry to demand expanded master's programs in engineering. Once prospective students regularly advanced to graduate programs, having a master's degree in engineering gradually became essential for employment in mainstream industry. Today, universities that offer master's degree programs train students intensively for 3 years from their final years in undergraduate programs until the end of the master's course.
Graduate enrollment differs by institution type (national, local, public, and private). The majority of students take their undergraduate courses at private institutions, while national universities exceed others in the scale of graduate education. Similar differences exist among the disciplines (table 2). In the humanities and social sciences, most students leave their institutions with bachelor's degrees; graduate education is very minor compared with the huge scale of undergraduate programs. Advanced research activities in this group are highly concentrated in a few institutions. More students enter graduate programs in science and engineering. Master's programs in engineering are regarded as the most successful case of graduate education in Japan. Doctoral enrollment in this field is also much greater than in the humanities and social sciences.
As mentioned above, until the late 1970s, the function of the Japanese graduate education system had been mainly the research training of future academics. In some areas, such as engineering, growing enrollment had gradually changed the character of graduate educationi.e., shifting it from an emphasis on academic research training to professional training. Thus, in the 1970s and 1980s, Monbusho discussed and introduced systemic reforms.
Although graduate education aims at both academic research and professional training, it has been regarded as an important locus of research activity. Due to the massification of university education, concerns about university research have shifted from undergraduate departments to graduate schools. Graduate schools seem to be a sanctuary not only for faculty members who seek the unity of research and teaching, but also for policymakers who regard university research as an engine for economic growth and technological innovation.
The growing number of graduate students, especially in engineering, has reflected the new expectations of the industrial sector. Master's degree programs have grown far more rapidly than those at the undergraduate level. The proportion of students who advanced from undergraduate to master's degree courses was low even in engineering during the 1960s and early 1970s. By 1996, however, it reached nearly 25 percent; at the University of Tokyo, for example, 69 percent of undergraduate students at the School of Engineering advanced to graduate courses in that year. On the other hand, in the humanities and social sciences, this ratio has remained low.
Although enrollment differs by discipline, graduate education has been closely connected to research intensity at Japanese national universities and is influenced by university finances. The level of general university funds allocated for each national university from Monbusho differs greatly for universities with master's and doctoral programs. The amount of general university funds allocated for each research unit (Koza) that deals with doctoral programs is more than two times greater than that of any type of research unit that has no relation to graduate education (Gakkamoku). For private universities and local public universities, doctoral programs bestow a prestigious status upon neighboring institutions, even if they do not attract enough students into their graduate schools.
Thus, graduate education has been expanding not only by responding to growing demand, but also due to the desire of faculties to increase their funding and status. Today, all national universities have at least master's programs and 80 percent have doctoral programs. As for private universities, 19 percent have master's programs and 47 percent have doctoral programs; just 34 percent have only undergraduate programs. The annual growth of graduate enrollment in Japan was the highest among industrialized countries in the world. While the United States experienced about 1.8 percent annual growth during the 1980s, Japan's graduate enrollment increased by 5.6 percent.
Increasing Flexibility in Japanese Graduate Education
A number of changes have been made with the aim of bringing greater flexibility to the graduate school system since the late 1970s:
SOURCE: Monbusho (1996).
Research Funding for Graduate Education
The growth of general university funds was almost frozen in Japan during the 1980s, due to the governmental budget deficit problem. This situation caused serious problems in graduate education because it had long been maintained by general university funds. However, revitalization of university research was considered critical in promoting advanced research and economic competitiveness. Monbusho also increased other types of research funding other than general university funds. These funds are not formula-based but are provided on a competitive basis. Thus, the structure of university research funding has changed greatly over the last several years. Special funds have been set up for graduate schools (on an institutional basis) as well as for new fellowships for doctoral students and postdoctoral researchers (on an individual basis).
Special budgetary mechanisms are available for graduate schools that are expected to produce outstanding educational or research achievements or that are actively involved in new ventures. In fiscal year 1987, Monbusho established a system for subsidizing advanced equipment for graduate schools with the aim of achieving rapid improvement in the conditions of graduate education and research. Under this system, funds are made available to graduate programs that generate excellent educational and research results. The funds are used to install advanced educational facilities needed by scientific fields and educational activities. In fiscal year 1995, the government allocated 6,343 million yen for this purpose.
A special expenditure system, the Kodo-ka fund, was established in fiscal year 1992 to give priority to the advancement of education and research, especially at graduate schools, through support of educational and research activities, including joint research, research exchanges, the use of teaching assistants, and international exchanges. In fiscal year 1995, 9,981 million yen were allocated for this purpose.
The aim of these new policies, along with a growing amount of competitive grant-in-aid programs (Kaken-hi), is to give additional resources to selected schools and scholars whose research quality and performance are outstanding. A new funding program, Research for the Future, which began in 1996 and is managed by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), is funded through capital investments made by the Japanese government to promote and expand the frontiers of scientific research.[2] Funding is decided by the JSPS committee after designation of the specific research fields to be pursued.
In addition, some universities, such as the University of Tokyo, have recently shifted their research units (Koza) from undergraduate departments to graduate schools (Juten-ka). By doing so, they have succeeded in increasing their research funding by 25 percent from Monbusho. The Center of Excellence program is another example of selective allocation of resources. This program aims to establish a superior research base within a university, and Monbusho provides active support to those institutions recognized as centers of excellence. As a result, the university funding structure has greatly changed from relying on general university funds toward a reliance on specific and competitive funds.
Financial support for graduate students and postdoctoral researchers is important for research training. For graduate students, scholarship loans provided by the Japan Scholarship Foundation (JSF) have played the biggest role.[3] These loans enable students who lack financial resources to attend graduate schools. More than 40 percent of master's degree program students, and more than 60 percent of doctoral program students, used these loans in the 1970s. Although the growth of JSF scholarship loans did not follow the expansion of the student population (those figures have now declined to 30 percent of master's students and 50 percent of doctoral students), the loans provide basic financial support for graduate students. Students who, upon graduation, are employed in universities or related institutions as researchers for some years do not need to return their scholarship loans.
In 1985, Monbusho established a new and more competitive fellowship program for young researchers, Fellowships for Japanese Young Scientists. With the aim of cultivating young researchers who will conduct innovative and trail-blazing research, this fellowship program provides a limited number of promising young researchers with fellowships and research grants so as to allow them to concentrate on their research, which they conduct in laboratories or under supervising researchers of their choice for a specified period (2 to 3 years). This new fellowship, which is administered by the JSPS, is provided for graduate students and postdoctoral researchers on a highly competitive basis. In fiscal year 1997, 2,420 doctoral students and 1,070 postdoctoral researchers were granted this type of fellowship. Thus, competitive funding for individuals has been promoted.
Under the JSPS fellowship program for young Japanese researchers, postdoctoral fellows receive 354,000 yen (approximately US$3,000) a month, and doctoral students receive 202,000 yen (US$1,700) a month. Research funding of up to 1.5 million yen is also provided. The JSF provides scholarship loans of 83,000 yen a month for master's degree course students and 115,000 yen a month for doctorate course students. In addition to the fellowship, other types of support are provided through a teaching assistant program and a research assistant (RA) program. Unlike the U.S. system, the RA is directly funded by institutions without a direct link to particular research grants.
As part of the promotion of the Program to Support 10,000 Postdoctorals, which is included in the Science and Technology Basic Plan of 1996, these new kinds of competitive support devices will be expanded not only by Monbusho, but also by other governmental agencies, including the Science and Technology Agency. The target amounts of annual support differ greatly (table 5).
The labor market for master's students has been generally satisfactory, especially for engineering students. These are hired by various kinds of industries and are playing a key role in the growth of industry and the economy. In contrast, the labor market outlook for doctoral students is not optimistic. One of the biggest markets for doctoral students continues to be the academic sector. This market is going to shrink because of the decline in the population of 18-year-olds. In addition, current economic difficulties make this matter worse because industries are hesitating to hire doctoral degree-holders. The labor market in industry has tended to be in specific fields. Getting a job in industry has continued to be difficult for doctoral students in the humanities and social sciences. Furthermore, the salary for Ph.D.s is almost the same as for people who finish undergraduate programs and enter employment 5 years earlierthat is, a bachelor's degree recipient's salary increases to that of a Ph.D. if he or she continues to work for 5 years at the same company instead of studying at graduate schools for 5 years to get a doctorate.
A March 1997 survey (table 6) of the careers of students who had completed graduate courses showed that of the 50,430 who had completed master's degree courses, 7,992 entered doctorate programs, while 34,223 entered employment. The main industrial sector in which graduates were employed was manufacturing (17,117). A total of 9,860 people had completed doctorate courses. Of these, 6,231 (63.2 percent) entered employment. Although industry was a major employment sector, getting a job at a university was the leader in many fields.
Demand for graduates of master's degree courses in science and engineering is especially high, but there has been a steady rise in demand for graduates in the humanities and for graduates of doctorate courses. There is evidence, however, that society still does not always place a high enough value on graduate school education. Moreover, not all graduate schools have developed educational programs that offer attractive content and provide an appropriate response to current demand.
Under these circumstances, Monbusho's University Council now predicts that enrollment in graduate programsmaster's and doctoral degrees combinedwill increase from 170,000 in 1997 to 250,000 by 2010. In other words, as shown in table 7, the number of graduates in each year will increase from 60,000 to 93,000 or 94,000. As for supply and demand, demand is predicted to exceed supply for master's degrees, while current policies will lead to a supply exceeding demand for doctorates even in science and engineering. The situation in the humanities and social sciences is projected to be much worse. Thus, an emerging policy issue is how to improve the educational and research quality relevant to actual demand and also improve the environment around graduate education that is now poorly organized. In other words, a crucial point for graduate schools will be whether they can produce master's and doctorate degrees attractive to industry, government, and the business world.
Japanese Educational Reform Programs as of August 1997Revitalization of Higher Education Institutes
Training Promising Talent for the Future Advancement of Science and Technology, and Promotion of Science and Research in Response to Social Needs
SOURCE: Monbusho.
There are no official statistical data concerning the relation of financing for graduate students to their time to degree in Japan. However, a 1993 survey showed that the biggest reason why students did not continue their doctoral studies was because they had financial problems (Yamamoto 1996).
Regarding time to degree in Japan, there is great diversity by field. There are very few degrees granted compared to enrollment in the humanities and social sciences, while the success rate of degree completions is much higher in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine. In science and engineering, the ratio of doctoral degree granting is reasonably high; the ratio is far lower in the humanities and social sciences (table 9).
This fact reflects the differences in degree granting standards by fieldi.e., whether the doctoral degree is a license for researchers or a prize for accomplished researchers in a particular field. Different modes of training may also affect the rate of degree granting. In science and engineering, the laboratory-intensive apprentice mode allows for easier communication between students and mentors, while the latter case is more difficult under the library-intensive individualistic research mode (Gumport 1993).
Monbusho conducts no official survey regarding the number of doctoral degrees granted to Japanese students who study abroad. However, the National Science Foundation's (NSF's) survey on U.S. universities' doctoral grants to foreign students sheds some light on this matter. According to an NSF analysis, "Compared to major Asian countries of origin, the number of students from Japan earning doctoral degrees in the United States is relatively small. Japanese industries often finance advanced training of their employees in U.S. universities for 1 to 2 years, but relatively few remain long enough to complete a doctoral program" (NSB 1998). This means that there are relatively few Japanese who obtain doctoral degrees in science and engineering at U.S. universities.
In addition, the author's sample survey of the faculty of Tsukuba University (table 10) shows that there are a substantial number who received degrees from foreign universities in the humanities and social sciences. In science and engineering, according to the NSF analysis, there are very few faculty members who earned their Ph.D.s at foreign universities. This contrast between the humanities and social sciences on the one hand, and science and engineering on the other, is a reflection of the fact that Japanese universities have tended to decline in the number of doctoral degrees in the humanities and social sciences granted to those who studied in doctoral programs in Japan. As mentioned earlier, it is not easy to change the national attitude toward doctorates in the humanities and social sciences, where a doctorate is perceived more as an award for an established scholar than a license for further research.
The numbers of Japanese students who study abroad and foreign students who study at Japanese universities are shown in tables 11 and 12. Note that the Japanese students' figures do not exactly reflect the situation of study abroad because they were obtained from emigration data asking about the purpose of travel.
Since the mid-1980s, Monbusho has been implementing the 100,000 Foreign Students Plan, which aims to increase the number of students from abroad to 100,000 by the year 2001. This goal assumes the acceptance of 30,000 students at the graduate school level. As of May 1997, about 20,000 foreign students were studying at graduate schools in Japan, while 32,000 were studying in undergraduate programs. The attainment of 100,000 students by the beginning of the 21st century now seems unrealistic due to the economic recession in Japan and other Asian countries. However, Monbusho thinks it is important to improve admission systems for foreign students, especially at the graduate level, from the viewpoint of promoting international exchanges in education as part of Japan's efforts to make an international contribution appropriate to its rising international status.
Education and research guidance for foreign students must reflect those students' needs. Some universities are actively facilitating the admission of foreign students through measures that include the expansion of Japanese language education programs, the introduction of instruction in foreign languages, and provision for theses written in foreign languages. Efforts are also being made to improve education and research guidance systems in graduate departments to which large numbers of foreign students have been admitted. Measures in this area include the appointment of more teaching staff to research programs.
There are numerous similarities in the school systems of Japan and the Republic of Korea. In both countries, a linear school system of the 6-3-3-4 type has been adopted. This means Korea has a school system with 6 years of elementary school, 3 years of middle school, 3 years of high school, and 4 years of university or college. Every citizen who finishes upper secondary school (high school) is eligible to apply for admission to institutes of higher education. Institutes of higher education in the Republic of Korea are classified into four categories: (1) colleges and universities offering 4-year undergraduate programs (medical and dental colleges, 6 years); (2) 2- to 3-year junior colleges; (3) universities of education; and (4) miscellaneous schools.
Among those higher education institutions, 4-year colleges and universities may have graduate schools. Enrollment in graduate schools is shown in Table 13. These are classified into three types in accordance with their functions and goals: professional graduate schools, general graduate schools, and open graduate schools. This situation differs from Japanese graduate education, which has no formal classifications and in which academic research and professional training are not separated within a single system.
Professional graduate schools prepare students for professional careers in education, business administration, public administration, and other fields. The academic degree that the professional graduate schools confer is a professional master's degree. General graduate schools aim to foster creativity, initiative, and leadership in specialized academic disciplines. General graduate schools award a master of arts or master of science to those who complete the graduation requirements. Students in doctoral programs at general graduate schools must have a master's degree or equivalent, a scholarly background in their field of specialization with some demonstrated research experience, and recommendations from individuals in their field of specialization. Doctoral degrees are shown in Table 14.
The current higher education system was introduced after the establishment of the Republic of Korea in 1948 under the strong influence of the American system. After going through hard times, the Korean higher education system experienced a large quantitative expansion in the 1960s and 1970s owing to remarkable economic progress. Following a rapid expansion as in Japan, Korean education endeavored to emphasize and enhance the quality of education, and the Fifth Republic clearly established in the constitution the institutionalization of life-long education. In addition, the republic set as one of the nation's top priorities the formation of a sound personality through education and reform of civil education, emphasizing science and life-long education.
In March 1985, the Presidential Commission on Educational Reform was established under the direct supervision of the president.[4] To achieve the goal, set forth in a 1992-96 plan, of Educating Koreans as the Prospective Leaders for the 21st Century, the commission carried out extensive studies through December 1987 and recommended various kinds of reform measures, including reform of the school system, development of high-level manpower in science and technology, and a drastic increase in educational investment. The recommendations were adopted and enacted consecutively; later, in May 1988, the Advisory Council for Educational Policy was inaugurated as an advisory council to the minister of Education.
The 1990s have witnessed advances in education through the realization of quality education and educational welfare. A particular concern is the pursuit of qualitative, rather than quantitative, growth. The above-referenced plan of Educating Koreans as the Prospective Leaders for the 21st Century exemplifies the goals of Korean education.
In response to the growing importance of science and technology, the Ministry of Education recently initiated a discussion on the further reform of the graduate education system in Korea, which aims at further supporting leading graduate schools by a reallocation of resources.
The number of international students attending higher educational institutes in Korea has increased steadily in recent years. As of June 30, 1996, the total stood at 2,143. (see Table 15.) By type of educational institution, about 40 percent of these foreign students attended graduate schools at universities; the rest attended undergraduate and other courses.
One of the features of doctorate granting for Koreans is that a relatively high percentage is granted Ph.D.s by foreign universities. For example, there were 1,004 Koreans who obtained doctorates in science and engineering at U.S. universities in 1995, compared to 2,444 science and engineering doctorates awarded by Korean universities in the following year (see table 14 and NSB 1998). This is a great contrast to Japan's situation, where 4,540 doctorates were awarded at Japanese universities in 1995, while only 154 Japanese obtained doctorates in science and engineering at U.S. universities that same year (see table 1 and NSB 1998). Table 16 indicates similar degree-earning tendencies regarding Korean university faculties, although the data are not very recent.
Japan and Korea are now making efforts to adjust their graduate education systems to global levels and quality standards, under the pressures of the ongoing massification of higher education and of international competition in scientific research. Both countries have confronted the growing impact of Western culture and civilization since the latter part of the 19th century and have tried to establish their own higher education and scientific research systems. The establishment of the Imperial University at Tokyo in 1886 was one of Japan's strong responses.
Gumport, P.J. 1993. Graduate Education and Imperatives, Views From American Campuses. In B.R. Clark, ed., The Research Foundation of Graduate Education, pp. 261-93. University of California Press.
Korean Ministry of Education. 1996. The Korean Education System, Background Report to the OECD. Seoul.
———. 1997. Statistical Yearbook of Education. Seoul.
Lee, S.H. 1993. Kankoku ni Okeru Kindai Daigaku no Tojo (The Emergence of Modern Universities in Korea). In P.G. Altbach, ed., From Dependence to Autonomy: The Development of Asian Universities, pp. 312-47. Japanese translation.
Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture (Monbusho). 1996. Japanese Government Policies in Education, Science, Sports and Culture, 1995. Printing Bureau, Ministry of Finance.
National Science Board (NSB). 1998. Science & Engineering Indicators – 1998. NSB 98-1. Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation.
National Science Foundation (NSF). 1997. The Science and Technology Resources of Japan: A Comparison With the United States. NSF 97-324. Arlington, VA.
Umakoshi, T. 1995. Kankoku Kindai Daigaku no Seiritsu to Tenkai (The Formation and Development of Korean Modern Universities). Nagoya University Press.
Yamamoto, S. 1996. Graduate Schools in Japan From the Perspective of Academic ResearchAn Analysis of Factors for Their Growth in the Context of the Massification of Higher Education and Sophistication of Research. Written in Japanese, summarized in English. University Studies 15:1-287.
———. 1997. The Role of the Japanese Higher Education System in Relation to Industry. In A. Goto and H. Odagiri, eds., Innovation in Japan, pp. 294-307. Oxford University Press.


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Jan 13 2009Vroom Vroom!: Water Faucet With A Shifter
This is a water faucet with a shifter. Because, let's face it, regular faucets just aren't fast enough. The shifter controls the volume of water flowing, and is completely unnecessary. Still, it looks cool. It's just not practical. Now put a sink in a car -- THEN we'd be talking. That reminds me, did I ever tell you the one about the hooker I picked up that refused to use my complimentary hand-sanitizer? Let's just say you won't see her walking the streets anymore! However, you may see her in Davy Jones' locker. I can't wait to see the look on his face when he opens it at school tomorrow!
Shifter faucet lets you change gears as you do the dishes [dvice]
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Reader Comments
A shifter?
Where the hell is the hot/cold control?! OMG! NO TEMPERATURE CONTROL!
This reminds me of the time when I was milking my cow Darsie one time.
"It works but allowing you to shift up the amount of water coming out of the faucet. It's a nice idea for people looking to conserve water by staying in lower "gears,""
what an amazing idea, and progressively responsible as well.
You can adjust the amount of water flow by moving the knob to a different position. Brilliant!
Know what else can do that? Every faucet ever conceived by man in the past. Except older designs also let you adjust temperature too...how passe.
I'm glad they put that little image of the faucet in the upper left corner. I never would have known what this was!
If I pour that in my ice tray will it make my ice cubes wavy too?
Top ten!!
@4 You made me laugh! Very funny!
This is a complete photoshop job. You can tell its a fake because the shadow's are all wrong.
This is exactly like that scene in the movie Never Back Down where Max escaped the gallows and was instead made the mayor of Rock Ridge. He ended up thwarting the plans of Hedley Lamarr to buy the town cheaply because the railroad was planned to go right through rock Ridge.
I wish this was real and not just a 3D rendering...
They should have installed a steering wheel to adjust temperature, gas petal for disposal, break petal for the oven, a clutch just incase you wanna use the microwave at the same time as the faucet, a navigation to find where the milk is in the fridge, and windshield wipers to dry your plates. Also the kitchen should fill itself with exhaust fumes.
So when you're kickin' ass washing dishes and decide that it's time to downshift to washing cups, will this shifter be able to handle that type of defensive water conserving? Just wondering what types of retarded-ass questions and looks you'll get when you go to home depot and ask for a replacement 'shifter' for your kick-ass water faucet.
Whoa, buddy, you better watch out! They totally blew it on this one. If they would have slapped nascar logos on these stupid things they'd already have sold out on pre-orders. Hell, convert the faucet 'shifter' into a garden hose 'shifter' with a nascar number and logo on it and the trailer park crowd has the ultimate holiday gift for 2009 and we're only 2 weeks in!
Anyone notice that the flow of water coming out of the faucet is larger than it's possible for it to deliver? the flow is about 2 times the diameter of the faucet neck itself.
This is the kind of nonsense you get from "design students" who have a student copy of photoshop, and no concept of the subject matter their playing with.
Whats next? the Harley - Davidson toilet with a kick-starter to flush it?
@15 God I hope so.
Shen Di's got such an innovative approach to awaken our senses when we look at a faucet. Very rarely does a faucet catch my attention but this one jumps out to me. It seems from my research that this was only a prototype that was never actually produced. Does anyone know where you can buy this art piece? Did Shen ever add a temperature control to it or was it just designed to spit out water like at our airports?
We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.


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I'm using an edited version of Kubrick and I'm also using a plugin WP E-Commerce. I can't find where to change the link colors.
The side bar and page link colors are all messed up, different shades of blue all over the place.
Here is the website: http://workathomedesigns.com/?p=33&category=7
If you scroll down you'll see they are slightly different shades.
P.S I tried a { color#000 }
and it doesn't work for all the links, only some of them.
Please help!