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Issue date: Tuesday, January 21, 1851
Pages available: 4
Previous edition: Tuesday, January 14, 1851
Next edition: Tuesday, January 28, 1851
Publication name: Wisconsin Statesman
Location: Madison, Wisconsin
Pages available: 379
Years available: 1850 - 1852Learn more about this publication
Wisconsin Statesman (Newspaper) - January 21, 1851, Madison, Wisconsin Devoted to Polilics, Teinperanec, Morulily, Litprutuve, Foreign and Domcslie News, Agriculture und Amusement. Tiro Dollars Per Annum. VOLUME 1, MADISON, WISCONSIN, JANUARY 21, 1851, HIE 1 1 WYMAX SONS, AT MADISON. A W, A.U.WYMAN, a oo a .to a ar> ill l! p nl L :it till- nptiuli NUMBER 25, Spt-t'oh of Webster, MIS or -i in: Avs-ivnt- o mi- HV i HI Is'i-v IL.KK, measure relinquished, and made snb-er- bulntion yet amidst all the disasters MC'ut to the judirtnent of the whole hn- which she encountered, she accompii.-hi.Ll j man society. Religioti may exist, while her end, and safeiy landed her every man is lelt to his own sentiments, fit-iiileiiicri.. this m ty he ro-isidcre-1, to- six n- v in IUKK, .Mii.vn.vv eveiy man is lelt to Ins own senliment-, (it-iilleiiicri.. tins m ty be crj-isidcro-I, to- over us, m regard to it- impcitanco and MI.KII responsible only to (iod, aoiicty, and nijjht, as an em-jlem of New England, its indispensable necessity, bus larffely Mr. and gciitleuiun of tho :1 rule. 'I'l, e older of the State "cannot' New J-uglr.rid i, a ship, bl.umch, well i within the past year. Anil jMiLrlami iSoi'ii tj Ve sons of, exist where every individual i-re-pi.iisi- In. nell manned. She may be occi-j "ho doubts it 'i If we give up the form -Sew brethren of kindred "Ie to none but his own feeling, an-l thrONvn in the truiijili of government under which wo Jive, tic. I iiave come here not New JitiL'land ancestors understood lhat' but deoem" unon il. she tome out what nra wn You nns a M.iinn man. Resolutionsintrnducedby Messrs. Jen- ins, "Whilt >n, Evcrly, Lowth and IjuTJue, under the rule, lay l have come here nut with- New England ancestors understood lhat', but upon il, she uillcome out i inconvenience, that 1 might be- quite There u.....i const'.tiilion; right. Put her head to the wind ui.d she iougrejialion as I now wil- adopted the deck i.. I'HJ Mayflower, will obey her he'.m. (Applause, which laces bear the lineaments m the region of Cape Cod, >-i month nmlituicd fur some have igl .nd origin, and whose i of November, i- it (hold- j baldly begun, gentlemen, to the u it'u New JOmjUmd a copy of iliu 1 is hands.) They pro-'vast imixa-iance on human sociely, and 1 old siu-h a of New i: hearts beat Ih 1 1 thank- God, united. I believe in tho strength of the LrnioM, and more than nil, that a spirit of attachment to the coistimtion which is over us, in regard to it- impcitanco and over until to-moiiow. 'J'hc Jle.solution introduced on yester- day by Mr. Jenkins, directing the libra- rian to distribute equally among llie rnemburd all copies of Laws printed in the German and Norwegian languages, Tibbits, G-ordoii 8t Co., i AND SHHiF rIARDWAFE, STOVES, IRON, i Society' 'of Madison. (Applause.) 1 wilhtiiriy make to honor obey all hi- com-i the liUuiiy of the world, of thai voy- he sacufu-e. Xol a young man, with :mmdrnc-nts, ai.il to live in his obedience.! jgo oi' little vessel, that brought (lie >lood in my veins not very but But they bay, novi nlic'loss, that for llie hue of civil and religioas to us. 1 thank God, j et pielty fully and t'u-elv establishment of a civil the, and that brought ihe v, jrd of God to u.s liouing, I come here to meet tlio rcpio- gieali i sec iiily and jiu-sunat.nn of thi-ir hardly beu-im, I say, to realize siiitiitiini i.f this jrreat nil' sho it of our i-n il lights and n-e agree thai ;hu uoiiseeueni'es of it. Heretofore the igh heio saall lie (K laws and oidi-.Ki sew Vork ar.il, j And, 'hank God, they had in it, the word WM. N. SEYMOUR, 1 M U 1 N 3. 1' l eiitlenieii, I begin what I have to say, (tremendous nppl mse ----whicii is but little, by temlerii g you myli'tid, invoking the name of the, in lu'arly thanks for the invitation wliirh their re-ohttioiis, llicy sav, to l''ioao you extended to me, mv that ni-ty enjoy all sorts of lies- and prosperity. icy otdmantos ;.nd co'istiiut.on, cstali- uinpl- lishcd by tho-e whom we .shall nppoin CROCKERY St. GLASS- V Mfis'is. H J. D. ROWLEY, WARE, (ientle-neti, this Las been a stormy, a i old, a boisterous and inclemeul day. The winds bine been har-h, tin- skies have been severe, and, if we had no our we had no se- (inily against the incle'tieney of the no were mm and worn il one half of us were (md tired, l and seudy to descend to the Great seiiliments of New F.ngland -indofNew Kiglind ancestry, and of the Fathers, fa; and near, have been teni.lui'.. Tliey have crossed the land ihey I.IIM; not only the Ailepha- nie.s, but Ihey have iappud the HucUy Mountains. They ure on the shores of what are we You are a Maine man, or a Boston man, and others are Rhode Island men, and Cm nccticut men. il not a great deal better that, clasping e.uh other's hnnds, we should stand as we have done, for tho hut seventy years, of the same country, members of the same government, and Americans ii'iiited, now and forever. (Applause.) .And tiiat, we shall he. There have been dilierences there have been contentions ,'iul rontrnversies, anf. angry cuntrovcr- tell von that, in mv to enact for us, we will all duly submit j ihn 1'acilic ihis day, arid before, twelve and obey. (Applause) Hero is !h il I 'non'.h-- hei i'e thti-e uill In: Pilgrim It is not long, but it in-' uetie- in Gtililbruia. (Applause) ious sanction on its ob-e coustilutio vones reli vance In the name of God, Amen. who-o names are imdei the lov- a) of our dread -Sovereign are there to-day." Mr. Godliless them. (CI real aophuisc Here's lo the health and -ucccs-5 of the Califortda Society of of (Diinik wi'-K ,'iiie-, hy Ihe grace of (iod, ol! Ami, gentlemen, it shifl go hnrcl, but if ISiitnin, France, ai.d In .and, i- iiilclligeuco enough among llie if China, wo shall one -o( ie ics ii.-id Now Kn- we n the bleak coast ol Plymouth, Defender oi'the Fui'.h, ire., having Imndicd indlions homeless ,ind hoii-oles-, with riothii.g uiii'ertifkon, but let me judgment ------------Thi'.se ctl V.'llirll, 1 llll God, mv friends, would to jtime, n-j shidi be thought me ,l meet ai.d 'God, t i.it when weVarrry our alfeclioiis j convenient for the general gooil of thejtcd md n llectio-i- back to tha' period, we i colony onto uhich we promi-e a 1 due ure wi lU arm oui-ehe- u lib tlie ,-tciu vir- r-ubmi-s.im and obedience, lu ill .1 -upported t'lein in ilia" st.ite of! In witness whereof, we have- heivon- ;n nl ai.d Would to God der sub.scr ibed our name- at Cape Cod, we piK.-e-scd, and I hope r. e do pos-os-, the 11 ih of Nov., in the jeiii of the tin1 le-olation whiih ihey leign of ci'ir loul, .stnmger Ihan bars of bi.iss, or iron, si'id 1 Lin-en, of ICnyland, aid lu- ll e all, lhat fail! that m initial faith land, the and of Si oliiuid, the l.a- m ide lisa p'lueilul nation, ,.ud made us follow of who settled at Yorktown, and those who s-etileci on the Mi-sissip-ii; and hislly of those gath- eied from all ijuarters of the have "j. .VKiUU, -ii-2 j-sv-s.. Piaitr. fjrlnze ('j.. V, is. CLIJXTTOH HOUSE. By Cliailes LIV3RY STABLE. on bene (ii nllei'.ien, ll o -roue? of llii' woild, icli our Litice.-tor-i saw and foil, wo il' no- fee1. The seveiei' duties ofi fi, in 1 Lie call foi the -evere- Mrt.ie- their fiimiliiv. filiiolh, Anno Domini, Id 20. John ver, Alleiioti. Ld. V> ni.low, rrt-mdi Join Akli-i'. -Vnd 35 other for themselves a ie thei ;d I (ieut.eitun, this topic ho enlai They weie i j lor pei-evi i-u ce, and abstinence, i ed upoi hut L pa is over .1. n e ,'re nnv I .bin Tin v were ddlo 1 iqi in lo two hii.idred nudthiily years f-om thai exei- is l'ic Maytl hero, lo a 1'epri ation of it ii -e aiisti re virt ie-, ihi nhicli, before they came I ave mido tl em, a; "it were, iins-jiv, bi-lo e him ll.en is u litllu romr-m- men. Thing- changed. In bruiico ol'lhe Mayllower. Sons X of -Ticiety. the, fashi.ir- of Kin_'la-id tliere w, s, in ai.i ient li.ue., u's of la ship that t irii.-d Jason to ll.e Theirl'inii of the golden Heivo there is ;i lere the- In' hum-in I'.f- st( i-tif r ii t, Presiilent in to llie laud noilh of Fox uud U'iscc MllTOV Ol, }ca] traoulinary To re-cind it as ha.ty and incon-iderate, ihese rc-olutions would be to censure '1'cy wen excusable, on the former Legi.O iture for pa-sing gro md of ihc high excitement. He lions which were responded to with a had anticipated before be lull home ih.it hearty Amen hy the people of Wiscon- tH's subject would come up, and had sin. He rmde ihis explanation that his 'sought an miorvioiv willi .some of iliose vote rnighl not be attributed to the wrong jwho were members of the Legislature -he s..me buck without :.nd reported .Mi mot-ial ordered to be 01 _ a third ie.idin j. In committee, on the .loiul Resolution respecting the equahzaiion of repre.-enta- tioiio and Uixes among ihe 'evera'. states, Mr. Mooie m thi (.'hair. Xo amei.iliuenls beiag olleied, the sume WiUs back 10 the Seunite. on motion of IMr. Pulnu'r, as miitlr tho Mwrhil or-rior fui a neck fiom Mr. LAIH'E rend the resobuions of j iiis'.ruction, ami said it was we1! known scd for tn'lt were pas-ed duri is the se-sion Congiessiu the proceedin In comm.ttee, on the bill to amend as it lh.it of lave all ihc condi' cliaiiuoil. ili i tl y I hV 1 til C. B. P3AR3O1T, M. D. whi-ll APi-i.H .IONS iu.rr.nri> nv DAITIEt, B. DtrnRIS, Agent. O -r i .v WILLIAM WELCH, es we are not called upon, ji-i every re-pect, to emulate or to com- mend oi rail cr 1 should -IV. to cn-.u- l.le, for we shouir. con.mend them al- 1 i-on-iderii.ir tin- s' itc of society in which they weie exonUcd They had ih it reiiu-ioiis setr.iment, that, trr.-t in P'ovideru-e, detoi minat.o-i to do ,iitrht, and to seek through every deuree of toil and sufTi-ring, the honor of ar d t''0 pto'en.ilion of human libetly, which we may we'l cheri-h. It, tho pi-ogress of hum-in scnliniei't. it may be, arid probably is, that the -ni'.d- c; ui'lues belong mote properly to Us. They were great -uU'erer, from inloltr- ance. It was riot unnatural that th( ir llatr which, in the b L'lle Augustus C'ti'sar irastc-r _ _ _ In moderi! taues, there lunebeen and their people cit'xens or [luent' of 'fiith and practice, in con thai stare of thing-, should be somewhat 11 gid, should be somewhat may bo hoped, lint in a spiiit and in midei which a Howe am.] a Nelson hiive fought on the other cni.tincnt, and then- been cai-iied aJTnll, and a Uecatur, and a Steivint to t on ai e they ali, in tiu1 ch.uires ofreim imirances ami ng men, to that little bark, the M-iyiiowcr, which reaihed the.-c shoics (Great applause.) Yes, my brelhr-n the Jlujflowei is i of pel [iciiial bloom; its niemo- ttlej in California. Gcntlem.'n, 1 i'f--. I had -vime doul.ts wlieihi r il le- piihli.-un under whicii we live', i i.uld so vaMl) extended without dan- Her of up. .mil ol' clt-.-oKition. L am milling lo admit, my 1 lelu'll ions, ll'UO tint lieel. The distance i-i vast, tlie tounli-y .s vast, but t'tc jirii.ciples itjion whiih (jirr gov- v4 the repiosenta- 1 s'em, seem- 'o be iml -ive. (Appl.ui-e) Ami it ilocs some (Xiejiti.n il draws after i: an uttnt hment It. the I 'tt'oi. nndei v. Inch we 1 ve and flourish. I believe lhal (.Vhfornia and New iUcMco have 'n-i n in-pired life, and eveiy- lioily :1 ere. T'ley conside- thenisi Ive- haMiig a row being, a new crealinn. a were entitled I.> pay n.iw exi-teme. They are nol the p.-ojile to llie mailer, a, law ire., a-id thes now lhat tliey liiul them-1 vvus of ojiu'mn wit-ies-es were of united oiiiifled lo the same The hi'. I via- repot led back without inien.Iment rind ordered to be engrossed for a thiid niadii.a-. Mr. RO1 'N T It K K culled up his notice to amend the Rules Senate. -Vnd ,.fter some uiiinipoi laut debate, pul and the motion lo-t vetting for the ainend- which are pn balily fresh in the minds of every member in this House, and afier all attempts on the part of Congress, to secure Territorial Governments for ihe Territories of California i.ijd Xew Mex- ico had failed, Mr. Walkci introduced his amendment lo the ('ivii and Diplo-jto 'J'p itur malic Avrpro-iri-ilion as tho Treaty, t Thc bill to amend .sec. 0. ch. of lievised Slalulei, ii, relaiion lo ihc fers ofwituee'-es, Icing called tip, was, on motion ol Mr. BeiiTiett, rcfcned lo com- mittee on Judiciary. Several jH.-iking nnproprialion.1 were then con-'ak'ied in committee of at ihe lime, and amongst with the the whole, and, 1 eing repotted back, veiy man who f.'t the ball in were ordered to be engrossed for thiid, lie alluded lu ('en. lioyd, .-aid lli.-it he had no ub'eclion that the bun of con- Mr. H I-I10T) proscnled tho account: of (leoige Hyer lor Medical attendance, on State piisoncrs. Jteforred to demiiiition should Le removed from Mr. yVnd thi the general cijiin- ]jis Sec. 9, chap. 131 Revised Statutes, Mi. E istman in Ihe chair. Mr. mCNNKTT ro.-.d tl o clause he wished to have repu, led, ai-d reinaike.l thai he thought the las- staid.-, irtj.ist. U w as know llieie was gieal delay in col- iecLmg up witne-ses and ohlaifing leslimonv. He reminded Inc co'timillee urn an irci.y, and ihi- -imendmenl did not contain a ion 1'orev upun the and the v xc S provis- 'hiding Slavery, it relied punish law, which under ihe ion. Mr. W. conn ents ainl a ks lo he lield to a sirie', ;n> ixuut. Ue contends that lie l..is fuMi'led hi. in.struc.iions, wei e not ai our itely turc of tl.e amendment, liy all 's foicc at Sterling presented certain ac- which were also referred as main in force mini i hanged 1 y po-nivo act. The piopo .iron of Mi. Wa'.l.i r was to extend the Constitution these State-, anduilh it the habeas nf N-il'n-ns, alivdy in J'arce, wljiclj llie jieq-rues who ni vl ich uhvioV declared to j ih'ld there in si ive, y initrht have a ivne- 'dy. I- wa-sullii'ieiit for h.m to know that Mr. W. believed h .Mr. iJOrXTKEGprooenfctl tho ac- count of R. L. Ueam for constructing the tirii. iiirl moved its reference lo a select I HMD. onkey ami IJeed. Mr. ICASJ'MAX, on leave, intro- duced a b.ll lo repeal part of -ec. 7 ofnu Jnsmance rompixnics. as cor- 'n't incorporating it'll I be! liead Iwice. .1 ive-. Therefoie, inasmuch ihcu adjourned. can-led out the spiiii of l inaiuction-, was tor time ile- the re.iiliirio'ts of c-en-iiie iverc line illed i ''1C wi-iics ol his consli; for, and iingl t to be res-inded hv this so long as he HO 1 elieved he I Legisl ilnre, and it i, on this ground a- l.nie that he a-ked it. be condemned. The Commended ijen it or luei: gi eal (lie repuhliV of IS'orlh hope, under ihe mid I this sysii in of Elates und i epub- ts is exlended, .t will be st1. englheuc 1. (Applaiue.) In some there i.i nu douhl a tendeiiev to the question w. wejki'ii il. Local pi-ej.uiicc-i disturb il not also. MjiOl t. Gentlemen, if there has been any Mi. GALE, from Judiciary uommit- wlie-e on the Atlantic coa-t, sotill, of Lie tec, to whom re.'urreil .he petition oi ries will mer, rind the chill) d- of aiitmin. jdefiuuil It uill defy it iii all ih-i ilh the mates and all tune-1, and it ill con im.e C.d.foi n' lils petals lo tin; Id, and side ol ih i-ts sun.- Potiinru: more particularly, I will nol (L itightcr; any d.s-at.sfii.lion p the ba: o.' Kenosha County, on leave, to sproad Us p Ink- i'i Ihe lastjSylhib! it't; odor and fragr.JK e, lo of lecoided time (En- it 1 us not 'icon (isl' il has not been fell o Rocky iciuted a to chanuu the time for holding this Countj Courts in Kono-lia. IN ASSEMBLY, "icy. ..lull Jan. 0 loiri.l not 1'r .yer by J.'ev. Mr. Lord, sat'ie resolution- Saturday's .lourn.d read and corrected. Dodge. Mr. E. Mr..lOXKS pi (-spilled the credenlials .Mr. II. .lOlTN.SON asked to he ihough: hi-- po-inmi wa- loo u-c.'l known of liiddiceome, who appii.ircd cused from v.iling. He was :mt salis- jlo have any one Omik he vol.Id vole to a-id took ihe o illi of oflic.e. lied in his own mind, and did net Mr..1 >od.'.e. flu thought to rs- liy voting in the allirmalive, lo cast ecu- I'unge tluf resoluuons would t.ol be c.i-i- sure on 1 is p'-i decessor.-. :wg-any cei.-iire upon him. fine, could not exncliy agree voles of the Seniors were oppo-ile, but i w lib the u-entleman last up thru by tlti- iie regatded that boih soiig'.U lo i.ccor.i- pli-hli the same vsuiki'd in ency to ea-t cen-ure those who oR1 same -pint. Mr. SPOOXKU thoua'nt the As-em- bly weie now c .lied upon to say. in so' body voti'tg o rescind, it would hitv len voted for it. Abo-u the time Mr. w is elected, tho Slaveiv was the main had gamed an impetti- whii li carried :t thi oiiijlioul llie length md breadth of the I'nion. Democrats, Abi'lilioui-ls, all )i id was, t.Id not lie cxlendeil. rr.any wheihei Jlr. Walker or the Legishi'uic- and ]ic nil.i arlic'ie. Tin- Mr. WalkiTi'lions jiropo-ed he lhal 1'i.ririo.vs >Ve., By Mr. H. JOHNSON Ol' Kenosha Agricultural Society, for I lax on Dons. liy Mr. LESSl-.'V: 1'or a law declaring "Little River" a na-ugablc town. Hy Mr. l-'or a law suppressing sale of intoxi- ,L Pi. JOJIXSpN 'J'o Paris, Grant county, to- divide school fmiil. Bv Mr. KASTMAX: tlmsiantic applause, which lasted for some cal and 1 "im not one of tho-c j who Ixlievelhat our system can he dis-' Imbed by loi ili-nr applause.) tin that twice. It is lo- 1 Adjourned till 10 morrow. H F LI-H'K DI-CI1J1 .M inn.i. .Mil .1 15 Middle ton Hoiise. JSnrr-.) [ipinion inmong all who prefoss revorcm; and obedience to the scriptures, is bly. would be his fin1 IN ASSEMBLY. Ji'nunry t. Vniycr hy Jlev. Mr. Joutunl yc'slcicluy reatl und COITCC- led. IT.Tll'IO.Ns I'KCsL.N 1'KD. Mr. LiOVCE Oi Wm. Welch and 110 oihcrs, rela- tive to of money. By Mr. MOORMAN: Change of charier lor Wiimeb.igo. By MUZZY: For legalization of acts District No. L Lei-oy, Dod was in.'-tuicled to vole lor no bill wh.ch 'ho has done --ich -in was no did nol prohibit Slavery. Towards iadeliuilc j-tnni l-'or a state load fio ih ko-li. ipon to Osh- .Mr. TKHKIXS: For Alteration of laws concerning du- last, every ell'orl had" failed, and the 'preci-e r.cl of whi. 'i he guilty. Tin j friends of Freed..i r i, >t being aule to un.k-i look gnu their opin- lics otlifer-. suit thonisjh os, had tut ike ihe ncM best ion of ihis act, and il Mr. ahiur s Look at the fad-, and .Mr. W. amendment d.d nut n.eel _lho spirit his instructions, although his in.-ti uclions' m.iv l.ave been good, ihe IjCgi-lilmo course. would rot bo found so repiehensiblc, as people weie re.iilv to It was well known lhal the laws of that eouitliy Mr. Ae count of K. were pi-lilied in so doing. If il was a prohibited was impossible- fact, that by tho L'leity ihe law of Mex- 1'or it lo gai i a foothold there, liy prevenleil S.avery. why did not the stipulation of u TieiUj, these laws were Souih rise HJ- against tlio .-idopinin of ihe extended over U by llie Tinted Treat} The l.'ieoluiion.s wore ex- 11' ihis was ihe case, and it was a matter pre-.-ion of "pinion of ihe forry at Fort. of rllcf that Slavery could not be exien- a binding ad. Could we a- I (led over lint Teniiory, wua Isaac P.'siimc to-say that lhat was :mt ihe opinion 'Walker rcprehonsiblu for advocaliiiit of the Legi-lalur.-, or ihatlhey hav since 1J ...1 _.- ii' Landing ngah.st Brown county lhat he oi.llii-; Lo: it bo our duly lochcii-h ihis n npt end it m or lin- lllllQ GENERAL Insurance Agency. Tiir. Mil, is AJ.-' nt l thi! following iim rive and JMarinc Jnsu- nf Hiitfii il, clicut! Lexington Fire, Life, atul Marine Jnsiu'anco Company, if Lf.lin Kiutucli} Insn- rnnco. Company, of nliin; find tlif Kentucky Mutual Insurance Company, of Coviin'ton, Kontucliy. In nil of ii prcpari'il to AlJ-is low us of nuy othfi- icipouiible rnmimiiy. T. CI.AUK, Aci-i.t. M nlisini. .Inly COth, 1810. nl- tio man if the I throughout the whole United States, supposes that the judicature of tho country or lhat the administration of justice is less re-peeled, or loss secure, because tho Chief Justice of t'uo L'nitod States has been, and i.s, a professed und ardent iid- hercut lo the Catholic religion. (Cheers and Applause.) And so, in every dc- paitmcnt of sociely with both houses of Congress, in all the depart- ments of go on the idea that a man's rehgion i- above human it is a quest H i to bo .settled between him and bis Maker, to whom alone, he is responsible. Rclicion ib the communication between man und but ,wllon ma" into social relations arc bo forms si gov- ernment for the protection of be- comes indispensable that tins right oi private judgment be m some of prosperity, and the tun iliousand bless- ings showered on it, wo envy you not the possession of these greater goods, this greater prosperity. Berich, be pros- perous, bo enlightened, spread your- selves over the continent, accommodate yourselves to iho measure of tho tinio, ami if he, that you should carry llie Puritanical heart with you. still cherish an undying love of civil and reli- gious liberty, and mean to enjoy Mexico, and the Spaniard will thank God that, he knows something of civil li- berty, and the trial by jury, and private rights As to tho rest, lei us rejoice, day-spiing from on high, has visited us; .Board of; fc county Also, a remonslinnce against such Je- lly'1 Mr.' SMITH: I'or a .state road from Fountain Prai- rie to Beaver JJam. By Mr. JIOUAN L-'or submission of "Banks" or "No Barks By Mr. LESS EY: for a state roi.d from Mariitouwoc to Brown comity. Also, claim of Sheriff of Brown coun- ty in ca-o of State vs. Alex. McC'arty. Mr. liy Mr. Account of Sheriff again-t the, Slate. On motion of ihe u-e nfthe. H-ill was jjrtmteil to Mr. Vin- ton, the Mohawk Duti-hman, for the pur- po-c of deliviiing a Temperance Lec- ture liiis evening. A Hcsohition introduced hy Mr. Moorman aiiihoiizing the commiitoo on Privileges and lOleclions to send for piipc-rs and prr-ons in ii-ferenre to the conleslod case of D. E. Wood vs. W. H. Dick, the sitting mtmher, was udoplcd. IL JOHNSON introduced Kesolu- tion direcliti'rthe Public Printer to print and stitch sep-ir.-mely Ihe Documents ac- companying the Governors Message, on any former Legi .lature. Kor what, it was 4o make laws, laws Adopted, were, they ollered t Mi. Walker did not notopci.itc we'll, ice. As fir as Mr. OLMSTEI) inirodured a bill to at bill 1 suppose he u( ted crcelly, hu would ask eveiy por-on if llio Kcsolutionsj were not more than comme.nsiirato with the error commit- ted lie is now considered a glory and honor to the iilate he represents. He dia not coiisidei thai by rescinding those UesohitioiH, any censure would be cast on any former Legi .latuve. For what changed tin ir opinion. He thought not Mr. UAVni said iha' if Resoiulious of censure were nol liindinc; in llioin- selvcs and meie opinions, il wa-certainiy no Ir.inn for this body to express a con- trary opinion on the same suhji ft. Mr. GlI-'FOIMi) iiKjiiired what, gcn- llemen wore a--embled lie had The there is no longer imminent of tlic disunion of these United States. (Heie tho company simultaneously fiom flier, seats, applauded, cheered, and waved their handkerchiefs.) We shall live, and not shall live as united Americans; and those who suppo- uld nd the ties of one Amciican heart scd they could sever they co from nno'hei-, and lhat speculations, ami riot inflame it do justice to all; (Cheers) That little vessel, said Mr. elwtor, (pointing again to the model of llie May- made her sale landing on the shores of Plymouth. She had been toss- ed on a tempestuous ocean. She ap- proached the New England coast under circumstances of great distress and tri- For legalization of act of Dist. No. 4, Plymouth, and Dist. No.2, town of New- iii fc, Kock counly. By Mr. MOO II K J'or a stale road ft om Port Washington to Fond elu Lac. By Mr. LOWTH: 'For Riibmi.ssion of "Hanks" or "No TOMPKINS: For charter for Academy at Emerald will not him of his had called duty, down It was to iii- Ilis conduct si Have not tho Ue.-olutunis had tin iCL-t 1 been L-P- he was concerned, he was as web pre- parei >te, as ever. His constit- C! rovo. Bv Mi- ll. JOHNSON truest and tho surest course, and course ta satisfy those who meditate dis- union is, just to leave it to themselves, and. sco what they can make of it. (Laughter and cheers.) No, gentlemen, the time is North and South, will hereafter bo more anci more M For re-enaction of "au act for the ap- portionment of school monies for ISM." By Mr. VINCENT: For submission of "Banks" or "No Banks." By Mr. HENNIXG Claim of T. P. Catlin for plats. Also, claim of Joseph Bowron for ex- penses in transporting election returns from St. C'roix to Madison. KILLS INTBODUCCn. By Mr. BARNETT: A bill to incorporate the Board of Trustees of Brockway College. By Mr. TOMPKINS: A bill to establish .Emerald Grove A- cadeniy. They since ihr-y have mot ed by Mr. Walker, it is not due !o him to expunge them? Ho did not consider lhat they were oppo-cd as v.nan.inously as the gentleman from AV'al- worth had supposed. There were hun- entertained the same opinion as Mr. Walker, had con- sidered them unmerited at the time of their adoption. Mr. BOVCE did not consider that the, people of the State properly under- stood the p isition of Mr. Walker, or ihc laws of California, at the time of the nas He Senator to expunge them. Mr. thought the resolution could he amended so as t1 purposes, and still m mer Legislature. Mr. HOG-AN called for llio order of the day, it beingpasl the inoining hour. Mr. LOWT1I moved to extend the morninghour, for the purpose of further; considering tho resolution. Carried, a maiority voting in the affir- uents liad told him lhal they were willing e ihescliesolulions rescinded. Ie believed lhal Mr. Walker had acted in good faith. Mr. BSTABliOOIv read an extract from ihe Journal of iho Senate, and showed lint ell'nrls were made to allow the Honorable Senator to m-ike his de- fence, which were not Allowed him. Ho thought if Iho irulh were known, the Senator- themselves were liable lo some small degiee of censure. He then read Ihc amendment. The ihen be- ing on the adoption of iho ihc vole stood as follows Bannister. Bird, Bjonson, Boyce, Bradley, Cavucv, Cole, Cone, Uick.'l'j-tahroofc, Kverly, I'Vench, Fuller, (iifloril, Ciroot; Hcmmingway, Hemiing, Jenkins, 11. -Johnson, .1. B. o as to answer "H .limes, Julius, Kinuey, LaDuc, il censure any for-''r.esscy, Lowth, Mahnros, Mooie, Moor- man, Murphy.Muxzy, Olmsted, Oshorne, Perkins, Price, Itogan, Snover. Slock, Tompkins, Trega.skis, Wilson and Horn, .rnett, Chase, Clo- iiGrht it duo to the Honorable mative. Mr. SPOONER the ground that a two-third vote was neces- sary. thier, Eastman, Easlon, Hale, Hurlburl, Ray, Soavcr, Smith, Spooner, Tinker, Toll, TJilcy, A'an Vlict, Vincent, Waldo and Adjourned till 10 o'clock to-morrow morning. [ii-rmanently locn'.o the com.-iy seat ol fayelto Connly. JJeferred to scloi-l. comtniltee, Olmstoad, Jlenning and liny. The lijllowing resolutions wore adopt- ed JJcsohcd, That, tin; Clork 10 procure copicmiflhe if ihe State Sujieriniended in the Ger- man language, for the use of llio As- sembly. jd'solved, That ibu newsjiaper pub- lishers furnishing lo ihis as- ,embly be and are hereby requested to deliver the .same in separate envelopes. The following Resolution introduced yesterday by Mr. LaDue, was taken up. IJCsolvcd, That no one cotitesliiig tho iO.it of a silling member of ihc bly, shall be allowed any pay or compen- sation for his lime, Havel or expense, in contenting Mich scat, unless such contest- ant shall make good his right to the beat claimed by him. Mr. SPOOXKH hoped tho Resolu- tion would not pass fur tho reason that the Assembly could judge as well wlu-u the mailer came up as to forstnll public opinion in the matter. Mr. by or shall make it appear it good CUUPO lor contesting Mr. Bill D was opposed to tho amend- It was loo a maltcr to up u. show of cnuao tllc" out of Iho Trcapory. ;


text:
You will find everything you need for your making of wine or beer in Reno. Everything you will need for beer and wine making supplies to choose from. Homebrew aMore
Under $500,000in Revenue
1 - 5EmployeesContact people at this company
2335 Dickerson Rd Ste ARenoNevada89503United Statesview map
(775) 329-2537(775) 329-8124Fax
ProPub_Iteration_NT.411[05] SEIDXWK-22

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Sometimes, you just want to watch a trio of actors bite into some decent material and have at it. And that's the hope for "The Two Faces Of January," which brings together Oscar Isaac, Kirsten Dunst and Viggo Mortensen for a sun-baked thriller.
Based on a novel by Patricia Highsmith ("The Talented Mr. Ripley"), and written and directed by Hossein Amini (screenwriter for "Drive"), the story follows a seemingly innocent and happy American couple, vacationing in Greece, who get mixed up in a murder, and must rely on the assistance of a shady young tour guide to get out of jam. And this latest clip shows the changing dynamics between the three as they fall deeper into trouble, while a batch of new pics from Entertainmentwise dive into the darker corners of the tale.
"The Two Faces of January" opens in the U.K. on May 16th. No U.S. date has been set just yet.


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i got my iphone 4 today :) :wiggle::thumbsup::excited:
Printable View
i got my iphone 4 today :) :wiggle::thumbsup::excited:
yay :)
your really into apple now :)
thats as far as im going ann...although i would and have wanted a macbook for a long while, but i cant justify the expense
Fantastic - is it all you expected it to be?
i cant use it yet its still not activated lol grrrrrrr
i cant fathom how the heck you use facetime either lol
So he says... time passes... http://dl.dropbox.com/u/75186662/smilies/popcorn.gifQuote:
Originally Posted by ukwdwnut, post: 245979
Tom (:macwave:... :tapnails:)
:lol: tom if i could get a decent 2nd hand macbook at a cheap price then id get one, cant justify the cost of a new one. 2nd hand one go for so much so doubt i will get oneQuote:
Originally Posted by catrancher, post: 245995
onto the OP the iphone 4 is an awesome phone tho, im well pleased with it, ive just spent all morning adding my contacts, phew!! all done now.
do you know if you can share or transfer apps from one device to another? ie from my touch the the phone?
If you set up the iPhone with the same iTunes account you should be able to just drag them straight to your iPhone via iTunes.
Yep! Like Josh says, as long as the app is compatible with both devices, and you use the same iTunes account, your apps should sync to both devices just fine. I've got a number of apps that have two user interfaces, one for the iPhone and one for the iPad. One app, two interfaces. They sync just fine to both my iPhone and my iPad. Same deal for you with the iPod Touch and the iPhone. :thumbsup:Quote:
Originally Posted by ukwdwnut, post: 246082
Tom (:macwave:... innit great!)
ok thx will try that and hook up the touch and phone together in the morning


text:
The Zodwriter Show "Free For All!"
Posted by ZodWriter on Apr 29, 2014 in PSN RADIO, The Zodwriter Show | 0 comments
This episode covers a wide range of topics from Palcohol to Superheroes to Star Wars to the NBA announcement. There is something for everybody here! Parental Advisory: California Guy's appearance contains explicit language.
Special Thanks to California Guy and Alex "2.0" for joining the show!
The Zodwriter Show W/ Jan Rabson!
Posted by ZodWriter on Apr 15, 2014 in PSN RADIO, The Zodwriter Show | 0 comments
Voice acting Legend Jan Rabson joins The ZodWriter Show to share his thoughts and some stories about his career. It was an absolute pleasure to speak with the man behind the voice of Tetsuo from Streamline Pictures 1988 English Dubbed version of AKIRA! Thank-You again Jan Rabson!Read More
The Zodwriter Show W/ Bey Logan!
Posted by ZodWriter on Apr 1, 2014 in PSN RADIO, The Zodwriter Show | 0 comments
Film producer, screenwriter, actor, author Bey Logan joins The ZodWriter Show to discuss his career and share his passions for Hong Kong Cinema.
Bey Logan (born 15 November 1961) is an expert on East Asian cinema, particularly Hong Kong action cinema. He is also notable as a screenwriter, film producer and as a martial artist (trained in Hung Gar) who has had (mostly minor) roles in a number of films, including the 2003 Dante Lam film The Twins Effect.
He has written a book – Hong Kong Action Cinema, an introduction to the subject. Logan was a founder and editor of Impact magazine, and has provided audio commentaries for over 120 East Asian films released on DVD. He is also an international representative of the Wong Fei Hung Museum in Foshan, Guangdong.
Logan has also worked as a producer on such films as The Twins Effect, Dragon Squad, Blood Bond, Beach Spike, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon 2: Green Destiny and the forthcoming Lady Bloodfight.Read More
The Zodwriter Show W/ Roberto Williams
Posted by ZodWriter on Mar 25, 2014 in PSN RADIO, The Zodwriter Show | 0 comments
Writer, Director, Playwrite Roberto Williams returns to The ZodWriter Show to celebrate the upcoming debut of his Batman stage play Fathers Of The Dark Knight! This interview is fun, informative and awesome. Don't miss the epic debate of sorts at the end of the show between Roberto Williams and PSN-RADIO.com's Tha Jackal!Read More
The Zodwriter Show W/ Arlene Barshinger
Posted by ZodWriter on Mar 4, 2014 in PSN RADIO, The Zodwriter Show | 0 comments
Actress/Producer Arlene Barshinger joins The ZodWriter Show to discuss her career and share her sheer awesomeness! This is must hear radio!Read More


text:
Yellow Poplar
Pages in this Story:
- • Yellow Poplar
- • Wood identification
- • Uses in woodworking
- • Availability
- • Machining methods
- • Carving comments
- • Turning tricks
- • Shop-Tested Techniques
Uses in woodworking
Uses in woodworking
With strength sufficient for most projects, good stiffness, stability, and wear resistance, it can become furniture, trim, toys, and cabinets. For bowls and treenware, it carries no odor or taste. Unless you're going to paint your project, though, limit yellow poplar's use to indoors.
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text:
Resource Depression on the Northwest Coast of North America
Butler, Virginia L., Antiquity
A variety of evidence is accumulating from various parts of the world that suggests past human foragers greatly affected the animal and plant populations they were exploiting (Botkin 1980; Broughton 1997; Holdaway & Jacomb 2000; Nagaoka 1998; Steadman 1995; Stiner et al. 1999). Besides identifying prey response to human harvesting pressure, such studies also track ways human predators adjusted to reduced prey abundance, pointing out the dynamic nature of predator-prey interactions. Many studies have been conducted in a theoretical framework derived from evolutionary ecology, particularly foraging theory, and have demonstrated enormous explanatory power in accounting for subsistence change in human economies (e.g. Christenson 1980; Grayson & Cannon 1999; Gremillion 1996; O'Connell & Hawkes 1981).
With some exceptions (Cohen 1981; Croes 1995) researchers reviewing economies in Pacific Northwest North America have not considered whether human foragers altered prey populations. Some workers (e.g. Matson 1992) have expressed the view that key resources, like salmonids, were difficult for humans to `overuse'. Moreover, the Northwest Coast region has long been viewed as a `Garden of Eden', where the richness of the resource base was in some measure responsible for the `exceptional' hunter-gatherers that lived there, known for their relatively high population density, social organization which included slavery, elaborate art style and sedentary or semi-sedentary settlement patterns -- attributes generally linked to agriculture-based societies.
Several conditions suggest it would be useful to re-examine these views. Abundant archaeological evidence shows that human populations were growing and becoming increasingly sedentary, circumscribed and territorial during the late Holocene (Ames & Maschner 1999; Matson & Coupland 1995). Certainly in light of results from other parts of the world, it is reasonable to hypothesize that growing populations of relatively sedentary foragers depleted local food resources. Furthermore, human population size was drastically reduced with the introduction of disease at European contact. Such a decline should result in reduced foraging pressure; prey populations would have the opportunity to rebound and, in turn, human foragers could take advantage of increased prey abundance and shift resource selection.
This paper examines questions of late Holocene subsistence change, particularly the case for human-induced resource depression in the Pacific Northwest. I draw on the prey choice model from foraging theory to derive expectations about resource selection and subsistence change that would result from changes in foraging pressure. I then test this model using the mammal and fish faunal record from several sites on the Lower Columbia River dating to the last 2200 years. Results show an increased use of low-ranked resources before European contact and greater use of high-ranked resources after contact, which are predicted from changes in human demography. The results are provocative, suggesting that historic descriptions of exceptional resource abundance in part may reflect drastically reduced Native population size and that ethnographic records of subsistence practices may not reflect long-term trends.
The model
The prey choice model provides a set of predictions on which prey items a predator should choose when an array of potential choices are encountered (Stephens & Krebs 1986). The model holds that a predator's most efficient strategy is to take the highest-ranked prey when it is encountered. Whether lower-ranked prey is taken depends on the encounter rate with the higher-ranked resources. Encounter rates are based mainly on prey densities; low-ranked prey will enter the diet more frequently as the abundance of higher-ranked prey declines. If mobility is limited or if the predator population increases, or if both occur, then resource depression of the high-ranked prey is likely to occur. …


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The current population of Wayne County is 1,822,582 with the median age of 37. Wayne County's median household income is $41,052, and the average household net worth is $371,647.
|Wayne County
|United States
|Median Household Income
|Average Household Net Worth
|Median Age
|37 years
|39 years
|37 years
Age distribution represents the distribution of the population in Wayne County by age group. In Wayne County, the male-to-female ratio is 877,236:945,346, which is 4% lower than the ratio of Michigan, which is 4,866,584:5,046,050. Age demographic data is sourced from census, 2015.
Crime rate index represents the average crime rate for a local area in comparison to nearby areas and the national average. A crime index of 100 represents the national average. Michigan, has 8% less property crime than the national average, and has 15% more personal crime than the national average
Marital status represents the percent of residents in Wayne County that are single, married, widowed and divorced. In Wayne County, 57% of people are married and 43% of people are single. The percent of people married is 15% lower than the ratio of Michigan, which is 72%. Marital data is sourced from census, 2015.
Household income distribution represents the distribution of Wayne County income brackets at the household level. Overall, the median household income for Wayne County is $41,052, which is 15% lower than that of Michigan ($48,308). Income data for Wayne County is sourced from census, 2015.
Education data represents the highest level of education attained by residents in Wayne County. In Wayne County, 25% of residents 18 and over graduated from high school and 25% completed a Bachelor's degree or higher, which is 6% lower than that of Michigan. Education statistics is sourced from census, 2015.


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CULTURE, 1920s-1935
In the summer of 1927, Studebaker introduced a new car. Originally called the Model EU Standard Six, the smaller cousin of the Big Six Commander and President models was soon given a name that would fit in with the rest of the line: the Dictator. There were, of course, some political problems connected with the name "Dictator." A number of the European monarchies to which Studebaker exported the car were wary of the moniker. Diplomatically, the company marketed its Standard Six as the "Director" in these countries. In the United States, however, the name appears initially to have caused no problems. In its introductory year alone, Studebaker produced over forty thousand Dictators, which the company advertised—one assumes with no pun intended—as "a brilliant example of excess power." 1 The Dictator continued as the bottom of Studebaker's standard sedan line, its sales seemingly affected only by the arrival of the Great Depression in 1929. Yet after 1937, the name "Dictator" was abruptly dropped by the company. No internal records of the reasons for this decision exist, but a name that had been commercially worth keeping in the United States despite uropean protest had suddenly become unusable.
With decades of hindsight, the decision to drop the name appears only natural. As one history of the Studebaker Corporation puts it, "no one could have predicted in the peaceful days of 1927, however, that a madman would arise in Europe to give dictators a bad name forever." Such an account side- steps a more interesting history. Studebaker Dictators were named not out of political naïveté, but out of political-cultural calculation. When the first of these cars rolled off the assembly line in South Bend, Indiana, Americans would have thought of only one person when they heard the word "Dictator": Benito Mussolini. In the five years since he had assumed power, Mussolini had already vividly indicated to the world that Italian Fascism was not entirely "peaceful." Studebaker executives, like other Americans, would


text:
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text:
25567 US Hwy 270
Wister, OK 74966
Lake Wister State Park, located in southeast Oklahoma, is a gateway to the beautiful Ouachita National Forest. ... read more...
1520 S 4th
Perry, OK 73077
CCC Lake & Park in Perry features covered picnic areas, gazebos, a boat dock, grills and a playground. Built ... read more...
Hwy 412 W
West Siloam Springs, OK 74338
Located near the Oklahoma/Arkansas border in the scenic Ozark Highlands region of northeast Oklahoma, Natural ... read more...
8 miles N of Gore on Hwy 100
Vian, OK 74962
Tenkiller State Park is known as Oklahoma's "heaven in the hills." The sparkling blue waters of ... read more...
111563 Hwy 150
Checotah, OK 74426
Formerly known as Fountainhead State Park, Lake Eufaula State Park is a great choice for an Oklahoma getaway. ... read more...
Honey Creek Area at Grand Lake State Park
901 State Park Rd
Grove, OK 74344
Located on the shore of Grand Lake is Grove's own Honey Creek Area at Grand Lake State Park. The 38-acre park is ... read more...
Washington Irving Memorial Park & Arboretum
13700 S Memorial Dr
Bixby, OK 74008
Washington Irving Memorial Park & Arboretum pairs historic memorials with gorgeous landscaping. At this Bixby park, ... read more...
3400 NW 36th St
Oklahoma City, OK 73122
With formal paths and walkways, the Will Rogers Gardens transport visitors to a gentler time without leaving ... read more...
Sequoyah State Park Golf Course
866-602-4653, 918-772-2297
19277 Park 10
Hulbert, OK 74441
This Floyd Farley designed 18-hole, par 70, 5,860 yard golf course offers Ultradwarf Bermuda grass greens, tees and ... read more...
800-892-8690, 580-623-7281
3236 S Highway 8A
Watonga, OK 73772
Roman Nose State Park, named after a Cheyenne chief, is one of the original seven Oklahoma state parks. Set amidst ... read more...
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
live music
Best Coast, Bow Wow, Dandy Warhols and More Must-See Concerts This Week
Inspired by the audio-video matchmaking that went down at AT&T Park Friday night, courtesy of Roger Waters, we humbly present a this-week-in-concert column with music videos, and only music videos. Anyone who has ever seen a Pink Floyd music video/movie (or tried to sync Dark Side of the Moon with Wizard of Oz) knows the power of sensory synchronicity, when the eyes and ears conspire to make art doubly transcendent. So this week, our words bow to the A/V departments of our favorite acts coming through S.F. over the next seven days. Behold...
This Week in Music: fun., White Rabbits, Tyga, Beats Antique and More
March forth, audial soldiers.
Six Shows You Mustn't Miss This Week
Let's get right into it, party persons:
5 Shows to Open Your Heart and Wallet For This Week
May we suggest chasing your Valentine's Day love tonic with a musical back? We've got one V-Day concert on the docket and a bouquet of shows later in the week capturing our hearts, minds and ears:
5 Reasons to Stay Up Past Your Bedtime This Week
Plenty of interesting shows to keep Bay Area music lovers up late this week. In addition to the following shows, we've also got Wilco at the Fox (sold out) on Tuesday, RJD2 at Manor West Wednesday, Martin Sexton at the Fillmore on Thursday, Cold Cave at the Elbo Room on Friday and The Jayhawks at the Fillmore on Saturday. Yes, it's one of those why-we-love-SF weeks.
In Photos: Seven Days of San Francisco Music
Click through to see the entire gallery!
Five Live Music Shows to Buzz About This Week
Milk Carton Kids at Cafe Du Nord, Tuesday
This minimalist duo has won praise from folks at NPR and Spinner while perfecting a specific blend of Americana, 1950s classic folk and compelling narrative. They've been compared to Ryan Adams and Iron & Wine, and it fits — their soft hush affects on multiple levels, a mind/body/soul trifecta.
This Week in Live Music: Dick Dale, Hot Tuna, Return to Mono, Tornado Rider
Starf****r at New Parish in Oakland, Wednesday (and also Great American Music Hall Friday, The Independent Saturday)
In Photos: Seven Days of San Francisco Live Music
Click through to see the entire gallery!
This town knows music. On any given night, you can find whatever genre you're jonesing to hear, sing, or dance along with. Here's a taste of what happened in the San Francisco music scene the past seven days...
Portishead Carries On at the Greek
Live music has a reliable way of transforming venues into places they were not necessarily intended to be (see Golden Gate Park, Treasure Island, Cow Palace, etc.). Friday night at the Greek Theatre was one of those frequent but also rare occasions, as Portishead lead singer Beth Gibbons turned the place into a veritable opera house, her delicate contralto voice eerily echoing throughout the hallowed hills. And the assembled mass was as still and entranced as you'd find in any civilized theater space.


text:
Avebury: A Late Anglo-Saxon Burh?
Reynolds, Andrew, Antiquity
Re-assessment of the Anglo-Saxon archaeology of Avebury, North Wiltshire, suggests that a fortified settlement, or burh, was established on the western side of the henge during the 9th century AD. A sub-square enclosure, internally divided into regular plots, can be discerned from the recent RCHME survey (FIGURE 1) of Avebury's earthworks and the modern form of the settlement (FIGURE 2).
[Figures 1-2 ILLUSTRATION OMITTED]
A town plan?
The RCHME plan shows a sub-square enclosure with a central street, termed a herepad (Old English `army road'), running west--east through the settlement, which in turn overlies an elliptical plan form discernible on the RCHME plan (FIGURE 1). From east to west the proposed burh measures 270 m, the western side is 300 m in length, whilst the eastern side is shorter at 200 m. Individual plots within the enclosure are perpendicular to the main street. A radiocarbon determination, from a pit filled with grain from the school site excavations of 30 years ago, of 1200 [+ or -] 80 BP (HAR 760454) c. 830 cal AD shows occupation within the confines of the burh in the 9th century, whilst a further radiocarbon date of 1160 [+ or -] 80 BP (OxA 1220) c.886 cal AD has been obtained from deposits outside the west entrance to the burh (Evans et al. 1993: table 1) (FIGURE 1). The suggested defensive circuit remains undated.
[Figure 1 ILLUSTRATION OMITTED]
The closest parallels are the planned fortified towns built or refurbished particularly by the West Saxon kings from the late 9th through to the early 11th century in England and documented in the Burghal Hidage list. The place-name Avebury is best read as `fortified place by the Avon'. Indeed, other English forts are known from place-name evidence, incidental documentary references and topographical inference at places like Newark, Nottinghamshire and Witham, Essex (Kinsley 1993; Rodwell 1993) that compare well with Avebury in terms of scale and layout.
A remarkable status for the Avebury settlement in the Late Anglo-Saxon period is further suggested the presence of a substantial masonry church dated to c. 1000 AD. The northwest corner of the present nave is formed of side alternate megalithic quoins with an ex situ incised slab with a floral design forming an integral part of the west wall, suggestive of a yet earlier church. It could be suggested that the displaced sculpture belongs to the period of burh construction and that the standing fabric represents reconstruction or rebuilding before the decline of the settlement to one of a more rural character. The scale of the building exceeds the size of a typical `estate'-type church, where nave dimensions are rarely more than c. 8 m x 4 m; St James' nave, by contrast, measures 13 m x 6.7 m (Semple forthcoming). Domesday Book records only the church and its holding of 2 hides at Aveberie, but this reveals that St James was very likely of minster status, at least by the end of the Anglo-Saxon period.
Although the classic burhs, such as Wallingford, Cricklade and Oxford, are of a comparatively large size, certain of the settlements listed in the Burghal Hidage are significantly smaller. …


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Skills to Develop
Gibbs free energy, denoted \(G\), combines enthalpy and entropy into a single value. The change in free energy, \(\Delta G\), is equal to the sum of the enthalpy plus the product of the temperature and entropy of the system. \( \Delta G\) can predict the direction of the chemical reaction under two conditions:
If \(ΔG\) is positive, then the reaction is nonspontaneous (i.e., an the input of external energy is necessary for the reaction to occur) and if it is negative, then it is spontaneous (occurs without external energy input).
Gibbs energy was developed in the 1870's by Josiah Willard Gibbs. He originally termed this energy as the "available energy" in a system. His paper published in 1873, "Graphical Methods in the Thermodynamics of Fluids," outlined how his equation could predict the behavior of systems when they are combined. This quantity is the energy associated with a chemical reaction that can be used to do work, and is the sum of its enthalpy (H) and the product of the temperature and the entropy (S) of the system. This quantity is defined as follows:
\[ G= H-TS \tag{1.1}\]
or more completely as
\[ G= U+PV-TS \tag{1.2}\]
Spontaneous - is a reaction that is consider to be natural because it is a reaction that occurs by itself without any external action towards it. Non spontaneous - needs constant external energy applied to it in order for the process to continue and once you stop the external action the process will cease. When solving for the equation, if change of G is negative, then it's spontaneous. If change of G if positive, then it's non spontaneous. The symbol that is commonly used for FREE ENERGY is G. can be more properly consider as "standard free energy change"
In chemical reactions involving the changes in thermodynamic quantities, a variation on this equation is often encountered:
\[ \underset{\text {change in free energy} }{\Delta G } = \underset{ \text {change in enthalpy}}{ \Delta H } - \underset{\text {(temperature) change in entropy}}{T \Delta S} \tag{1.3} \]
Example 1.1
Calculate ∆G at 290 K for the following reaction:
\[2NO_{(g)} + O_{2(g)} \rightarrow 2NO_{2(g)}\]
now all you have to do is plug in all the given numbers into the above equation that was introduced earlier. expect you have to convert \(\Delta S\) so the same unit was \(\Delta H\).
\[\Delta S = -150 \cancel{J}/K \left( \dfrac{1\; kJ}{1000\;\cancel{J}} \right) = -0.15\; kJ/K\]
looks like:
\[∆G= -120\; kJ - (290 \;\cancel{K})(-0.150\; kJ/\cancel{K})\]
\[∆G= -120 \;kJ + 43 \;kJ\]
\[∆G= -77\; kJ\]
Exercise 1.1
What is the \(\Delta G\) for this formation of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gas.
\[N_2 + 3H_2 \rightleftharpoons 2NH_3\]
The Standard free energy formations: NH3 =-16.45 H2=0 N2=0
\[\Delta G=-49.35\;kJ \;mol^{-1}\]
Since the changes of entropy of chemical reaction are not measured readily, thus, entropy is not typically used as a criterion. To obviate this difficulty, we can use \(G\). The sign of ΔG indicates the direction of a chemical reaction and determine if a reaction is spontaneous or not.
The factors affect \( \Delta G \)of a reaction (assume \( \Delta H \) and \( \Delta S \) are independent of temperature):
|\(\Delta H\)
|\(\Delta S\)
|\(\Delta G\)
|at low temperature: + , at high temperature: -
|2HgO(s) -> 2Hg (l) + O2 (g)
|at all temperature: +
|3O2 (g) ->2O3 (g)
|at all temperature: -
|2H2O2 (l) -> 2H2O (l) + O2 (g)
|at low temperature: - , at high temperature: +
|NH3 (g) + HCl (g) -> NH4Cl (s)
The standard Gibbs energy change \( \Delta G^o \) (at which reactants are converted to products at 1 bar) for:
\[ aA + bB \rightarrow cC + dD \tag{1.4}\]
\[ \Delta r G^o = c \Delta _fG^o (C) + d \Delta _fG^o (D) - a \Delta _fG^o (A) - b \Delta _fG^o (B) \tag{1.5}\]
\[\Delta _fG^0 = \sum v \Delta _f G^0 (\text {products}) - \sum v \Delta _f G^0 (\text {reactants}) \tag{1.6}\]
The standard-state free energy of reaction ( \(\Delta G^o\)) is defined as the free energy of reaction at standard state conditions:
\[ \Delta G^o = \Delta H^o - T \Delta S^o \tag{1.7}\]
The standard-state free energy of formation is the change in free energy that occurs when a compound is formed from its elements in their most thermodynamically stable states at standard-state conditions. In other words, it is the difference between the free energy of a substance and the free energies of its constituent elements at standard-state conditions:
\[ \Delta G^o = \sum \Delta G^o_{f_{products}} - \sum \Delta G^o_{f_{reactants}} \tag{1.8}\]
Example 1.2
Used the below information to determine if \(NH_4NO_{3(s)}\) will dissolve in water at room temperature.
|\(\Delta H_f^o\)
|\(\Delta S_f^o\)
This question is essentially asking if the following reaction is spontaneous at room temperature.
\[NH_4NO_{3(s)} \overset{H_2O} \longrightarrow NH_{4(aq)}^+ + NO_{3(aq)}^-\]
This would normally only require calculating \(\Delta{G^o}\) and evaluating its sign. However, the \(\Delta{G^o}\) values are not tabulated, so they must be calculated manually from calculated \(\Delta{H^o}\) and \(\Delta{S^o}\) values for the reaction.
\[ \Delta H^o = \sum n\Delta H^o_{f_{products}} - \sum m\Delta H^o_{f_{reactants}} \]
\[ \Delta H^o= \left[ \left( 1\; mol\; NH_3\right)\left(-132.51\;\dfrac{kJ}{mol} \right) + \left( 1\; mol\; NO_3^- \right) \left(-205.0\;\dfrac{kJ}{mol}\right) \right] \]
\[- \left[ \left(1\; mol\; NH_4NO_3 \right)\left(-365.56 \;\dfrac{kJ}{mol}\right) \right]\]
\[ \Delta H^o = -337.51 \;kJ + 365.56 \; kJ= 28.05 \;kJ\]
\[ \Delta S^o = \sum n\Delta S^o_{f_{products}} - \sum S\Delta H^o_{f_{reactants}} \]
\[ \Delta S^o= \left[ \left( 1\; mol\; NH_3\right)\left(113.4 \;\dfrac{J}{mol\;K} \right) + \left( 1\; mol\; NO_3^- \right) \left(146.6\;\dfrac{J}{mol\;K}\right) \right] \]
\[- \left[ \left(1\; mol\; NH_4NO_3 \right)\left(151.08 \;\dfrac{J}{mol\;K}\right) \right]\]
\[ \Delta S^o = 259.8 \;J/K - 151.08 \; J/K= 108.7 \;J/K\]
These values can be substituted into the free energy equation
\[T_K = 25\;^oC + 273.15K = 298.15\;K\]
\[\Delta{S^o} = 108.7\; \cancel{J}/K \left(\dfrac{1\; kJ}{1000\;\cancel{J}} \right) = 0.1087 \; kJ/K\]
\[\Delta{H^o} = 28.05\;kJ\]
Plug in \(\Delta H^o\), \(\Delta S^o\) and \(T\) into Equation 1.7
\[\Delta G^o = \Delta H^o + T \Delta S^o\]
\[\Delta G^o = 28.05\;kJ - (298.15\; \cancel{K})(0.1087\;kJ/ \cancel{K})\]
\[\Delta G^o= 28.05\;kJ - 32.41\; kJ\]
\[\Delta G^o = -4.4 \;kJ\]
This reaction is spontaneous at room temperature since \(\Delta G^o\) is negative. Therefore \(NH_4NO_{3(s)}\) will dissolve in water at room temperature.
Example 1.3
Calculate \(\Delta{G}\) for the following reaction at \(25\; ^oC\). Will the reaction occur spontaneously?
\[NH_{3(g)} + HCl_{(g)} \rightarrow NH_4Cl_{(s)}\]
given for the reaction
calculate \(\Delta{G}\) from the formula
\[\Delta{G} = \Delta{H} - T\Delta{S} \]
but first we need to convert the units for \(\Delta{S}\) into kJ/K (or convert \(\Delta{H}\) into J) and temperature into Kelvin
The definition of Gibbs energy can then be used directly
\[\Delta{G} = \Delta{H} - T\Delta{S} \]
\[\Delta{G} = -176.0 \;kJ - (298 \cancel{K}) (-0.284.8\; kJ/\cancel{K}) \]
\[\Delta{G} = -176.0 \;kJ - (-84.9\; kJ) \]
\[\Delta{G} = -91.1 \;kJ \]
Yes, this reaction is spontaneous at room temperature since \(\Delta{G}\) is negative.
Let's consider the following reversible reaction:
\[ A + B \leftrightharpoons C + D \tag{1.9}\]
The following equation relates the standard-state free energy of reaction with the free energy at any point in a given reaction (not necessarily at standard-state conditions):
\[ \Delta G = \Delta G^o + RT \ln Q \tag{1.10}\]
At equilibrium, ΔG = 0 and Q=K. Thus the equation can be arranged into:
\[\Delta{G} = \Delta{G}^o + RT \ln \dfrac{[C][D]}{[A][B]} \tag{1.11}\]
The Gibbs free energy \(\Delta{G}\) depends primarily on the reactants' nature and concentrations (expressed in the \(\Delta{G}^o\) term and the logarithmic term of Equation 1.11, respectively).
At equilibrium, \(\Delta{G} = 0\): no driving force remains
\[0 = \Delta{G}^{o'} + RT \ln \dfrac{[C][D]}{[A][B]} \tag{1.12}\]
\[\Delta{G}^{o} = -RT \ln\dfrac{[C][D]}{[A][B]} \tag{1.13}\]
The equilibrium constant is defined as
\[K_{eq} = \dfrac{[C][D]}{[A][B]} \tag{1.14}\]
When \(K_{eq}\) is large, almost all reactants are converted to products. Substituting \(K_{eq}\) into Equation 1.14, we have:
\[\Delta{G}^{o} = -RT \ln K_{eq} \tag{1.15}\]
\[\Delta{G}^{o} = -2.303RT log_{10} K_{eq} \tag{1.16}\]
\[K_{eq} = 10^{-\Delta{G}^{o}/(2.303RT)} \tag{1.17}\]
This equation is particularly interesting as it relates the free energy difference under standard conditions to the properties of a system at equilibrium (which is rarely at standard conditions).
|\(\Delta{G_o}\; (kcal/mole)\)
Example 1.4
What is \(\Delta{G}^{o}\) for isomerization of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate?
If at equilibrium, we have \(K_{eq} = 0.0475\) at 298 K and pH 7. We can calculate:
\[\Delta{G}^{o} = -2.303\;RT log_{10} K_{eq}= (-2.303) * (1.98 * 10^{-3}) * 298 * (log_{10} 0.0475) = 1.8 \;kcal/mol\]
From equation 2:
\(\Delta{G}\) = 1.8 kcal/mol + 2.303 RT log10(3*10-6 M/2*10-4 M) = -0.7 kcal/mol
Under non-standard conditions (which is essential all reactions), the spontaneity of reaction is determined by \(\Delta{G}\), not \(\Delta{G}^{o'}\).
The Nernst equation relates the standard-state cell potential with the cell potential of the cell at any moment in time:
\[ E = E^o - \dfrac {RT}{nF} \ln Q \tag{1.18}\]
By rearranging this equation we obtain:
\[ E = E^o - \dfrac {RT}{nF} \ln Q \tag{1.19} \]
multiply the entire equation by \(nF\)
\[ nFE = nFE^o - RT \ln Q \tag{1.20}\]
which is similar to:
\[ \Delta G = \Delta G^o + RT \ln Q \tag{1.21}\]
By juxtaposing these two equations:
\[ nFE = nFE^o - RT \ln Q \tag{1.22}\]
\[ \Delta G = \Delta G^o + RT \ln Q \tag{1.23}\]
it can be concluded that:
\[ \Delta G = -nFE \tag{1.24}\]
\[ \Delta G^o = -nFE^o \tag{1.25}\]
Stephen Lower, Professor Emeritus (Simon Fraser U.) Chem1 Virtual Textbook
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Celebrations and Resolutions | Vallarta Escapes
2013 looks to be a year of changes and we have all been down that resolution path and who hasn't?, you know the drill. You begin with a very earnest proclamation of your intent while standing by the appetizers at a New Year's Eve party—"I'll lose 20 pounds! I'll run a marathon! I'll never eat chocolate again!" But… you get back to your life's usual routine and those pious proclamations start to fizzle like tomorrow's day-old champagne. This comes as no great surprise: a study done by the University of Washington has found that almost 50% of us ditch those resolutions before March.
via Celebrations and Resolutions | Vallarta Escapes.
Related articles
Tags: 2013, champagne, Chocolate, Long March 4C, lose, Marathon, New Year's Eve, resolution, University of Washington0


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General Information for Faculty
Frequently asked questions about...
top GRANT APPLICATIONS
My grant requires I provide information about commercialization - is there language available for me to use?
General information about the services ORC provides can be found below. In addition, feel free to contact the office if you need more detailed assistance. ORC Staff Listing
Commercialization at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Rutgers Office of Research Commercialization (ORC) has been successfully commercializing technologies since its inception in 1988. From early stage technologies to those close to market, ORC provides a range of services suited to the innovation's stage of development and discipline. We view our researchers as clients and partner with them throughout the entire commercialization process, ensuring that they receive the services they need when they need them.
Commercialization activities provided to our researchers are divided into four main categories:
Research/Intellectual Property Support
• Consulting on research grants and contracts in regards to technology, intellectual property and commercialization
• Obtaining and maintaining patent and other forms of intellectual property protection
• Conducting prior art and market research to evaluate the competitive landscape
• Using personal and proprietary database contacts to market technologies
• Establishing contacts with consultants, industry experts
• Marketing via written campaigns, phone contacts, promotional materials, large trade or industry shows, national meetings (BIO, BIO NJ, AUTM,) etc.
• Facilitating confidentiality, material transfer, sponsored research and other agreements
• Handling term sheets and options
• Technology licensing from draft stage to execution
- sublicense or other agreement drafts and reviews, (including contract negotiation)
• Facilitating research support by considering research monies and programs supported by licensees when consolidating the aggregate monetary terms of licenses (royalties, milestone payments,timing, etc.)
• Once a technology is licensed, ORC may assist licensees/startups in the following areas:
- sublicense or other agreement drafts and reviews
- marketing campaigns (for sublicensing purposes)
- compliance
New Ventures/Start-Up Companies
• Assisting faculty in the creation of start-ups by providing
- business plan guidance
- mentorship
- investor introductions and potential funding sources
- venture pitch coaching
- assisting in locating incubator space, legal and other business services
• Hosting large events such as Entrepreneurship Day, Medical Device Innovation Conference drawing hundreds of people from industry, venture community etc.
Important to note is that we communicate with the researcher throughout the entire commercialization process. Our office has a successful track record of technology licensing and start-up company creation, accomplished with a growing office staff of highly trained Ph.D.s, M.B.A.s, patent agents, and others with years of experience in science, business, technology commercialization and entrepreneurship.
top INVENTION DISCLOSURES
What are the benefits of participating in the technology commercialization process as a Rutgers Faculty or Staff member?
The main benefit of participating in the technology commercialization process and protecting your intellectual property is seeing your invention have an impact on society. Today it is common place for research from academia to be put to practical use, improving the quality of life. For example, helpful and often lifesaving technologies become products such as drugs, medical devices, crops, etc. and are made available to the public.
Another benefit of technology commercialization is the ability to supplement your faculty income and also the money coming into your department via royalty payments under the Rutgers Patent Policy. For those faculty members who want to start companies, intellectual property protection is important in this process. Finally, federal and other grant agencies increasingly require that research have practical application to order to obtain grant renewals.
I think I have a new discovery, what should I do?
Currently the Rutgers Invention Disclosure Portal is under construction. For the time being, if you have a new discovery, please disclose it to Rutgers ORC by filling out a disclosure form. Please note that there are currently different forms for Rutgers inventors and inventors from legacy UMDNJ positions. Once you send in your form, a representative from ORC will be in touch shortly thereafter. Thank for your patience.
Currently the Rutgers Invention Disclosure Portal is under construction. For the time being, if you have a new discovery, please disclose it to Rutgers ORC by filling out the appropriate form below and attaching any supplemental information (such as presentations, manuscripts, posters, etc.).
If you were a Rutgers employee prior to 7-1-2013, please use the:
- Rutgers Notice of Invention Form (MS-Word)
If you are an employee of a legacy UMDNJ position, please use the:
- Invention Disclosure Form (MS-Word)
If you are a new employee or are unsure which form to use, please contact the Disclosures Office: firstname.lastname@example.com
For disclosures involving only materials and have no IP implications, please use the:
- Materials-Only Disclosure Form (MS-Word)
If you are unsure whether the materials have IP implications, please contact the appropriate licensing managers/directors from our Staff Listing page, or email email@example.com with your question.
Once completed, please email the disclosure form to: email@example.com and send an executed hard copy to: Invention Disclosures, ORC - 33 Knightsbridge Road, 2nd Floor, Piscataway, NJ 08854.
A representative from ORC will be in touch shortly thereafter. You will be provided with a Rutgers Technology ID Number (the internal number ORC uses to reference your technology) and assigned an appropriate Licensing representative for evaluation and commercial potential.
For disclosures involving copyrightable material, please use one of the following:
- Notice of Authorship Disclosure Form (MS-Word)
- Notice of Software Disclosure Form (MS-Word)
It may be appropriate for either a Notice of Authorship or a Notice of Software form to be submitted along with a Notice of Invention form. If you are unsure whether your invention has copyright implications, please contact David Zimmerman (848-932-4046, firstname.lastname@example.com).
top PUBLIC DISCLOSURE
Do you know... A Public Disclosure can lead to the Loss of Patent Rights
For most countries outside of the U.S., inventions cannot be publicly disclosed prior to submission of the patent application.
A public disclosure is any presentation (open to a member(s) of the public) or publication of the invention that has sufficient detail to allow your scientific peers, or someone that is "skilled in the art" (not necessarily an expert), to understand and recreate the invention.
It includes any printed, photocopied, typed, microfilmed, or otherwise fixed communication. Also included are not only conventional academic publications but also abstracts, master's theses, Ph.D. dissertations, presentation overheads, poster sessions, blogs, text and instant messages, social media posts (e.g. Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, etc.), images, videos (e.g. YouTube) and even tape recordings of speeches. These are all considered printed publications once they are delivered to subscribers, distributed at a meeting, shelved and cataloged in a library, etc. Important to note is that the publication of a journal article often occurs via e-publication prior to print publication.
This means that most publications or presentations of the invention prior to submission of a provisional patent application eliminate the ability to seek patent protection in foreign countries.
Within the U.S., public disclosure of an invention initiates a one-year period in which one may seek patent protection through the submission of a provisional or non-provisional patent application.
After a patent application has been filed, you may present and/or publish the invention without the loss of patent rights.
It is critical to note that the patent application covers the invention as it existed on the day the patent application was filed. Improvements to the invention may not be covered by the original patent application; therefore, you should consult with Rutgers ORC prior to presenting improvements or modifications of the invention.
In summary, please send your ideas/disclosures to our office BEFORE you publish or present your work. The process at Rutgers is easy and you typically can protect your patent rights by doing so.
top PATENTS
How do we get a Patent?
A US patent is generally available for any "new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof". In order to obtain a patent, the invention must show utility, novelty and not be obvious (see 35 USC et. seq.). It is important to make sure that no one else has published or patented anything similar to your new invention. Usually ORC will perform a patent search to determine if patent protection is available, but you can also search patents online free of charge at the European Patent Office, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), or goggle patents before submitting the Notice of Invention to ORC.
If it seems likely that the invention is patentable after the search, it will be necessary to prepare a written patent application to be submitted to the USPTO. The application as filed must provide a written description of the invention which shows the best mode of making the invention; which enables another skilled person to make and use the invention; and which specifically claims the invention (sets out what the invention is) in writing. The level of detail required is similar to an academic manuscript and these are routinely used as the basis for patent applications.
Once submitted, the patent application will be examined by the USPTO for novelty, utility, obviousness, best mode and enablement. If the application meets these statutory criteria, a patent will issue. Often the USPTO requires amendments to the claims, which can take a number of years to reach agreement on. US patents applied for after June 7, 1995 are valid for 20 years from the date of the earliest filing relied upon for priority (US patents filed before June 7, 1995 are generally valid for 17 years from the date of issue).
Patent Information can also be found at the USPTO.
Who "owns" the patent?
Under US law, only the original inventor of the claimed subject matter, and their assignees, can apply for a patent. All Rutgers employees are subject to the University Patent Policy. By signing the Faculty Employment Agreement, the faculty employee agrees to the terms of the University Patent Policy, including its requirement that he or she disclose and assign inventions or discoveries to the University. In exchange, the ORC markets the technology, manages and licenses the patent on your behalf, provides advice on business plans, makes connections with investors and pays you a share of the royalties.
How do I know if my post-doc or graduate student is an inventor of the patent?
Under US invention law, inventors must contribute to the conception of the subject matter of the patent as claimed. This is not the same standard as being a co-author on a publication. For example, carrying out experiments at the direction of another does not qualify as an inventive contribution nor does supplying a research material. Inventorship is a complex issue which has important implications for patent prosecution and licensing, please contact ORC if you have any questions.
top PUBLICATION
What is a "publication"?
Any written enabling disclosure of the invention to a third party is a "publication". Some things considered by the USPTO to be publications include poster abstracts, doctoral theses, on-line listings, offers for sale, newspaper articles, etc. If you have any questions contact ORC.
What if I published my invention?
If the invention has been published, US law grants a one-year grace period during which the inventor can file for protection. But overseas, filings require absolute novelty. Other means of protection such as copyright, plant variety protection, trademark or trade secret protection may also be available for published discoveries. contact ORC for further details.
My invention is about to be published, what should I do?
Contact ORC immediately. Recent amendments to the US patent law provide for a new type of protection, a US Provisional Patent filing. This simplified filing was specifically enacted by Congress to benefit small inventors and research universities. As long as an enabling manuscript is available, a provisional patent can be filed almost immediately. Contact ORC for details.
I need to exchange information with another organization about my research, what should I do?
To preserve patent rights, exchanges of information should be protected by confidentiality agreements if these are executed before you talk to the other organization. Please contact the Corporate Contracts area for details.
top FEDERAL FUNDING
What if my patent was funded under a federal grant?
Funding under a federal grant needs to be reported (37 CFR 401) to the granting agency and disclosed in the patent. The federal government also retains march in rights in the patent. ORC will typically handle these issues for you, so continued grant funding is not jeopardized. Please be sure to indicate federal funding when you disclose to ORC.
top COPYRIGHTS
How do I get a Copyright?
A US Copyright is available for any work of original authorship which is fixed in a tangible medium of expression and is reproducible (17 USC et.seq.). Examples of things which can be copyrighted include original works of computer software, books, stories, pictures, video performances, plays, musical recordings, sheet music, etc.
What if I use materials written by other people?
While materials written by others can be incorporated into copyrighted materials, it is important to get the author's permission (license) or assignment in each case before the copyrighted materials incorporating the materials written by others can be marketed or licensed. Where agreements are in place in advance, copyrighted materials authored by several parties can be considered "works for hire" which can then be copyrighted by the party who contracted the work for hire. As these issues are complex, we suggest you contact ORC with any questions.
top IP RELATED TO PLANTS
How do we obtain protection for new plants?
Many forms of protection are available for new plants including utility patents, plant patents, plant variety protection certificates, plant variety breeders certificates, trade marks and trade secrets. Plant patents are issued by the USPTO while variety protection certificates are issued by the US Department of Agriculture. As the choice of which type of protection to obtain can be somewhat complex, please contact Leon Segal, the licensing officer at SEBS, for further assistance.
top TRADEMARKS
How do we obtain Trademark protection?
Trade and Service Marks are used to identify goods and services used in commerce (15 USC $ 1051 et. seq.). Trademarks are increasingly used to identify software, websites, new plants, etc. The trademark will be examined by the US Patent and Trademark Office to see if it meets certain criteria before the mark is issued. There is an additional requirement that the mark be actually used in commerce after it is granted or the mark will be withdrawn. As the particulars can be confusing, contact ORC for details.
What if I need to use Rutgers University Trademarks for my campus activity?
If you need to use Rutgers University Trademarks (i.e. Scarlet Knights) please contact the Department of University Relations, Trademark Licensing Office, http://ur.rutgers.edu/trademark which is not a part of ORC.
top TRADE SECRETS
How do we obtain Trade Secret protection (for biological materials)?
Trade Secret protection is available under state laws and is used to protect information:
Some examples of things which can be protected and licensed this way include hybridomas, other unique cell lines, and transgenic animals and plants. It is important to use strictly drafted biological materials transfer and license agreements to accomplish this. Contact ORC for details.
top MATERIAL TRANSFERS
What if I want to send or obtain biological materials under a materials transfer agreement with another organization?
If you have requested materials from another University you will probably receive a Material Transfer Agreement from that institution. This must be signed by the appropriate party within Rutgers. For the most part, MTA's are standardized agreements, however, they occasionally contain provisions that cannot be agreed to by the University. We will negotiate these terms, with your input, as rapidly as possible.
If you wish to transfer some of your own research materials to a colleague at another institution, you should do this under the Rutgers Material Transfer Agreement.
Rutgers faculty and staff (excluding RBHS but including the School of Pharmacy) should contact Corporate Contracts to discuss details of the transfer.
RBHS faculty and staff (excluding the School of Pharmacy) can submit an MTA request by clicking on MTA Submission Form. Please direct all correspondence and questions to email@example.com.
top FACULTY RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
What are my rights and responsibilities as a Rutgers Faculty Member?
Please review the Patent Policy (PDF), Code of Ethics (PDF), and Conflicts of Interests Policy (PDF) and other relevant Rutgers Policies to see if you can find an answer there. If not, please contact ORC for assistance.
Note: Employees of legacy UMDNJ positions will continue to follow the Patent Policy that was in place prior to July 1, 2013.


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I found a solution to another question and posted here and wanted to implement it.
On OSX, in order to create
cd shortcuts, it advised creating a hidden folder with symbolic links, and then adding that to the
CDPATH variable. Well, I tried, and I am kind of a UNIX rookie so I'm coming for advice.
Here's what I did:
mkdir ~/.shortcuts
ln -s /mydir/here/ ~/.shortcuts/mydir
open ~/.bashrc
add this line :
export CDPATH=.:~/.shortcuts
close all Terminal windows and re-open then tried the shortcut
cd mydir
Can you see what I am missing?


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Christmas ginger joy biscuits
Christmas ginger joy biscuits
These cute star-shaped ginger biscuits can be threaded onto string and iced with Christmas messages. The kids will love cutting out the shapes and the ginger flavour is a nice change from regular shortbread.
prep: 0:15 | cook 0:20
- 125 g butter
- 1/4 cup brown sugar
- 1 whole egg yolks
- 2 cup Rice Bubbles (crushed)
- 2 tbs golden syrup (warmed)
- 1 royal icing
- Preheat oven to 180°C (160°C fan-forced). Line a baking tray with baking paper
- Beat the butter, sugar and egg yolk in a medium bowl with an electric mixer until light and fluffy. Stir in Rice Bubbles, sifted flour, ground ginger and golden syrup; mix well.
- Bring dough together using hands; lightly knead until smooth.
- Roll to 5mm thickness on a lightly floured surface; cut out shapes from the dough using a 5cm star cutter.
- Re-roll dough to cut out remaining biscuits.
- Place on oven trays. Then, using the flat end of a skewer, make holes for threading string through. Bake, uncovered, in the oven for 20 minutes or until browned.
- Allow to cool slightly on trays; transfer onto a wire rack to cool further.
- Make the royal icing and pipe words onto the biscuits. Leave to set for 2 hours. Thread on string if using for decoration.
- If you aren't a fan of ginger but still want to make these biscuits you can replace the ground ginger with 1 tablespoon of vanilla extract.
- The royal icing needs a few hours to set so it is hard. I prefer to leave it overnight.
- This recipe was created by Jennifer Cheung for Kidspot, Australia's best recipe finder.


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Vick leads Jets to TD drive in 13-10 win vs. Colts
EAST RUTHERFORD, N.J. (AP) — Michael Vick took off on third down, eluded a few tackle attempts and picked up 15 yards for a first down.
Yep, he's still got it.
Vick showed he's still a playmaker, leading the New York Jets on a touchdown drive, capped by fellow newcomer Chris Johnson's 1-yard scoring run, in a 13-10 victory over the Indianapolis Colts on Thursday night in the preseason opener for both teams.
"I did all right. It could've been better," Vick said. "I wanted to get some throws down the field, but unfortunately that didn't happen. So, let's see what happens next week."
Andrew Luck made what amounted to a cameo appearance, playing in just one efficient drive for the Colts, going 4 of 5 for 53 yards and leading Indianapolis to a field goal in his brief stint.
"I thought we had a lot of good rhythm," Luck said. "I wish we would have gotten a touchdown, but points are good."
Rookie free agent Andrew Furney kicked a 51-yard field goal with 1:08 left to put the Jets ahead in a game that appeared headed for overtime. Ikemefuna Enemkpali sacked Chandler Harnish in the closing minute and A.J. Edds recovered the fumble, sealing the win for New York.
"It wasn't great," Jets coach Rex Ryan said, "but it wasn't a pillow fight, either."
Geno Smith, looking to retain his starting job with the Jets in his second season, was 4 of 6 for 33 yards in his two series with the first-team offense — including a drive capped by a 51-yard field goal by Nick Folk that hit the crossbar and bounced over — before giving way to Vick.
He also had an impressive 10-yard scramble on a read-option.
"There's no grade for it," Smith said of his performance. "I played two series and did OK, but got to get better."
Vick jogged onto the field to a nice ovation from the crowd at MetLife Stadium — a greeting he wasn't expecting.
"To get that type of reception, it was a very warm welcome," he said, "and I appreciated it."
A 14-play drive tied it at 10, and while it came mostly against backups on defense, the 34-year-old Vick showed his elusiveness and also converted on fourth-and-4 at the 8, hitting Tommy Bohanon for 6 yards to set up Johnson's touchdown.
The Jets were also helped by two 15-yard penalties: a facemask on Josh Gordy, and an unsportsmanlike conduct call on Sergio Brown, who took the helmet of Jets lineman Willie Colon and tossed it after Colon and Indianapolis defensive tackle Jeris Pendleton got into it on the field.
Pendleton left a few plays later with a knee injury.
Vick went three-and-out on his next possession with the Jets' backups, ending with a sack by Cam Johnson. He took a knee on the final play before halftime, ending his night. Vick was 3 of 6 for 17 yards, and also ran three times for 19 yards.
"I thought Geno played extremely well," Ryan said. "I'm really pleased with Geno, and also pleased with Mike, as well."
Luck got the Colts to the Jets 10 on the game's opening drive when he beat a blitz and hit T.Y. Hilton for 17 yards. After a defensive offside call on Calvin Pace put the ball at the 3, Trent Richardson lost 2 yards. On third-and-goal, the snap by rookie center Jonotthan Harrison — playing after starter Khaled Holmes injured an ankle — floated past Luck's head for a 16-yard loss. Adam Vinatieri then kicked a 39-yarder to give Indianapolis a 3-0 lead.
That was it for Luck, who gave way to veteran backup Matt Hasselbeck.
"That was the plan, to get him six-to-eight plays, and it ended up, I think it was 12 on that drive," Colts coach Chuck Pagano said. "So, he actually got a few more than we planned, but it was fine."
Hasselbeck helped put the Colts ahead 10-3 on their next possession, tossing a swing pass to Daniel Herron, who beat rookie linebacker Jeremiah George and zipped into the end zone for a 12-yard touchdown.
Hasselbeck nearly led the Colts to another scoring drive right before halftime, but Vinatieri pushed a 29-yard attempt wide left to keep it tied at 10. Hasselbeck finished 10 of 15 for 114 yards and the score.
NOTES: Pagano had no immediate word on the severity of Holmes' injury, saying only that he would have an MRI exam Friday. Other injuries for the Colts: LT Ulrick John (right ankle) and LB Daniel Adongo (biceps). ... Jets RB Chris Ivory (ribs) and WR David Nelson (hand) left, but Ryan said they should be fine. Edds broke a finger on his left hand, but returned. ... Herron finished with 26 yards rushing and led the Colts with six catches for 36 yards.
AP NFL website: www.pro32.ap.org and www.twitter.com/AP_NFL


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NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin
, Volume 18, Issue 1, pp 29-60
First online:
The Rules of Ferrous Metallurgy
- Stefan KrebsAffiliated withDepartment of Technology, Innovation and Society, Eindhoven University of Technology Email author
The ways in which the sciences have been delineated and categorized throughout history provide insights into the formation, stabilization, and establishment of scientific systems of knowledge. The Dresdener school's approach for explaining and categorizing the genesis of the engineering disciplines is still valid, but needs to be complemented by further-reaching methodological and theoretical reflections. Pierre Bourdieu's theory of social practice is applied to the question of how individual agents succeed in influencing decisively a discipline's changing object orientation, institutionalisation and self-reproduction. Through the accumulation of social, cultural and economic capital, they succeed in realising their own organisational ideas and scientific programs. Key concepts for the analysis include the struggle for power and resources, monopolies of interpretation, and the degree of autonomy. A case study from the Aachener Technische Hochschule shows that the consolidation of ferrous metallurgy can be conceived as a symbolical struggle between Fritz Wüst, professor for ferrous metallurgy, and the German Iron and Steel Institute, leading to a construction of a system of differences in which scientists accepted being scientists rather than entrepreneurs, and entrepreneurs accepted becoming entrepreneurs and renounced science.
Keywordsferrous metallurgy genesis of disciplines engineering sciences social practice Pierre Bourdieu Fritz Wüst German Iron and Steel Institute
Die Regeln der Eisenhüttenkunde
SchlüsselwörterEisenhüttenkunde Disziplingenese Technikwissenschaften soziale Praxis Pierre Bourdieu Fritz Wüst Verein Deutscher Eisenhüttenleute
Reference tools
- Title
- Die Regeln der Eisenhüttenkunde
- Journal
NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin
Volume 18, Issue 1 , pp 29-60
- Cover Date
- 2010-05
- 10.1007/s00048-009-0008-3
- Print ISSN
- 0036-6978
- Online ISSN
- 1420-9144
- Publisher
- SP Birkhäuser Verlag Basel
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- ferrous metallurgy
- genesis of disciplines
- engineering sciences
- social practice
- Pierre Bourdieu
- Fritz Wüst
- German Iron and Steel Institute
- Eisenhüttenkunde
- Disziplingenese
- Technikwissenschaften
- soziale Praxis
- Pierre Bourdieu
- Fritz Wüst
- Verein Deutscher Eisenhüttenleute
- Authors
- Stefan Krebs (1)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Department of Technology, Innovation and Society, Eindhoven University of Technology, IPO 1.16, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, Niederlande


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|Key Info
If you want to escape the world, you have found the perfect spot.
The views are stunning and the feeling of space and privacy is good for the soul.
Datça is known for it's natural beauty,clean air and high oxygen levels. Almonds and olives are grown locally in abundance and the local honey is famous.
In season, the pool is magical. There are lovely terraced areas, and both sunny and shady spots. The bedrooms all have air conditioning.
The property can sleep between 2 and 9 guests. Please note that no matter what the group size is you will have sole use of the facilities and swimming pool.
|Sleeps up to 9, 3 bedrooms
|3 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms of which 1 en suite and 2 shower rooms
|Nearest beach
|Datça 6 km
|Will consider
|Corporate bookings, House swap, Long term lets (over 1 month)
|Car essential
|Nearest Amenities
|1 km
|Nearest travel links
|Nearest airport: Dalaman or Bodrum 100 km
|Family friendly
|Great for children of all ages
|No pets allowed, No smoking at this property
|Jacuzzi or hot tub, Fireplace, DVD player
|Private outdoor pool (unheated)
|Air conditioning, TV, CD player, Games room, Satellite TV
|Kettle, Toaster, Iron, Hair dryer
|Dishwasher, Cooker, Microwave, Fridge, Freezer, Washing machine
|Double Beds (2), Sofa Beds (1), Single Beds (5), Dining seats for 12, Lounge seats for 6
|Linen provided, Towels provided
|Private outdoor pool (unheated), Balcony or terrace, Private garden, BBQ
|Secure parking, Suitable for people with restricted mobility, Not suitable for wheelchair users
|Further details indoors
The accommodation of the house is as follows.
For 2 people the cottage is ideal there is a spare bed should it be needed.
Outside the bedroom is a small private terrace
For 4 guests the downstairs apartment is ideal. It has two bathrooms a large modern kitchen and lounge which has an additional sofa bed and therefore can sleep six in total. It too has a large terrace.
The house can therefore comfortably accommodate up to nine guests.
Whatever the size, the group will have exclusive use of all the facilities and will enjoy exclusive occupation.
By special arrangement the owner's private penthouse apartment can be incorporated to accommodate an even larger party
|Further details outdoors
Terraces, Jacuzzi, Pool. Circular Bar.
|Further details
A returnable deposit of £150 is required when a booking is made.
The total agreed rental is required at least 4 weeks before arrival
At the end off the Datça Peninsula is Knidos an ancient Roman settlement. well worth visiting with it's amphitheatre and ruins and excavations.
The climate is good most of the year. July and August are hot. May, June and September dry and warm.
The breezes are great for water sports and sailing.
Turkey in general is affordable and welcoming.
Market day is Saturday where the local vegetables and fruits have flavours we have almost forgotten. Fresh fish, fresh air and a slower pace of life.
The area also offers simple restaurants for under a fiver and smart restaurants offering value and style.
Discover places off the beaten track. You'll love it.


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10 Steps to Pick the Right Doctor
Whether you need a primary care doctor or a specialist, these 10 steps will ensure you find the right doctor for you. View Slideshow
Dr. Kaffen's Experience
- Orthopedic Surgery
Board Certifications
- Orthopedic Surgery
Procedures Dr. Kaffen Performs
Dr. Kaffen does not have any procedures listed. If you are Dr. Kaffen and would like to add procedures you perform, please update your free profile.
Conditions Dr. Kaffen Treats
Dr. Kaffen does not have any conditions listed. If you are Dr. Kaffen and would like to add conditions you treat, please update your free profile.
Background Check for Dr. Kaffen
Malpractice Claims not available
- Healthgrades does not collect malpractice information for Ohio.
- No sanctions history found for the years that Healthgrades collects data.
0 Board Actions
- No board actions found for the years that Healthgrades collects data.
Awards & Recognitions
Education & Training
Medical School
- Case Western Reserve Univ Sch Of Med
- Graduated in 1958
Internship Hospital
- Mt Sinai Hosp
Residency Hospital
- Iu Health University
- Mt Sinai Hosp
Memberships & Professional Affiliations
Professional Affiliations
- International Congress for Joint Reconstruction , Member
- The International Congress for Joint Reconstruction (ICJR) delivers continuing medical education to orthopedic surgeons focused on the latest operative techniques, procedures, advanced devices, and improvements in patient care. Physicians affiliated with ICJR are committed to offering patients the best treatment options available today
Languages Spoken by Dr. Kaffen & Staff
- English


text: I found a strange situation last week. When I login with my friends account on his Playstation the store which provides games and demos was empty. There was nothing in that. But things went normal after some time. I want to know why this happens. I need some more suggestions right now for getting games on PlayStation. This time I am going to buy a one for my self.


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Classes and Events
Take Care of Your Health
Sharp HealthCare offers health classes, educational seminars and support groups throughout San Diego. From Medicare education to breastfeeding support groups, our classes can help you take care of your health.
Heart, cancer, orthopedics...
Nutrition, exercise and stress management
CPR, first aid, insurance and screenings
From childbirth prep to sleep training
Medicare, caregiving and fall prevention
CME, CE and Sharp Employees
Events we recommend.
- Bariatric Surgery Informational Seminar, Wednesday, June 1 at 6 pm
- Understanding How Medicare Works, Wednesday, June 8 at 6 pm
- Treating Chronic Knee Pain Seminar, Monday, July 18 at 6 pm
- Sharp Mary Birch Walk-Through Tour, Saturday, May 28 at 11:30 am
- ACLS Renewal Class, Tuesday, May 31 at 9 am
- Gentle Fitness Class, Tuesday, May 31 at 10 am
Today's classes and events
- 9 am: Infant and Child Safety Class With CPR and First Aid
- 9 am: ACLS Renewal Class
- 9 am: Childbirth Preparation Weekend Class
- 9 am: BLS for Health Care Providers Class (or Renewal)
- 11:30 am: Sharp Mary Birch Walk-Through Tour
- 1:30 pm: Baby Care Basics Class