text:
|Numéro de publication
|Type de publication
|Numéro de demande
|Date de publication
|18 aoűt 2009
|Date de dépôt
|26 aoűt 2004
|Date de priorité
|26 aoűt 2003
|État de paiement des frais
|Autre référence de publication
|Numéro de publication
|Evan F. Cromwell, Johann F. Adam, Andrei Brunfeld, Paul B. Comita, Christopher J. Seipert
|Cessionnaire d'origine
|Blueshift Biotechnologies, Inc.
|Exporter la citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citations de brevets (77), Citations hors brevets (10), Référencé par (15), Classifications (14), Événements juridiques (4)
|Liens externes: USPTO, Cession USPTO, Espacenet
This application claims benefit of priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/497,803, filed Aug. 26, 2003, and entitled "LASER SCANNING METHOD FOR TIME DEPENDENT MEASUREMENT OF FLUORESCENCE," and from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/497,764, also filed Aug. 26, 2003, and entitled "LASER SCANNING SYSTEM FOR TIME DEPENDENT MEASUREMENT OF FLUORESCENCE," both of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein.
This invention relates to measuring fluorescence and properties derived from fluorescence in materials.
In conventional fluorescence microscopy, a sample, such as a biological specimen is stained with fluorophores before being illuminated by light of a relatively short wavelength. The illumination light, which typically is provided from a laser, excites the fluorophores into a higher energy state where they remain for a short period of time, before returning to their original energy state while emitting fluorescent light of a wavelength longer than the excitation wavelength. In a fluorescence microscope, the emitted fluorescent light is collected by an objective lens of the microscope and is passed through the optical system of the microscope, such that it can be viewed by a user, for example, through the eyepieces of the microscope, or on a display screen of a video system that is connected to the microscope's optical system. In many cases, both the excitation light and the fluorescent light share an optical path through the microscope's optical system, and can be separated as needed, by optical components such as dichroic mirrors that reflect light above the excitation wavelengths while passing the excitation light.
The systems that have found most use in laboratories generally use visible fluorescence of materials and visible light sources. The spatial resolution that can be obtained is determined by the specific optical setup. In some cases, the laboratory experimental setups use pulsed laser light to improve the quality of the fluorescence image. Laboratory arrangements are often used to detect biomolecular reactions and interactions that can be probed by fluorescent methods. Fluorescent dyes are commonly used to examine cells by staining portions of the cells. For more routine imaging analyses, or assays, the excitation light source can illuminate a portion of an object to be examined, such as one microlocation in an array of microlocations.
For reasons of image contrast or signal discrimination, there is often a need to improve the resolution and eliminate background noise in the focal region of the sample that is being studied, as biological samples in particular are fairly transparent and light collection over a too wide depth of focus may obscure the specific details that are being studied of the biological sample. Current solutions to this problem include confocal laser scanning microscopy or wide-field deconvolution technologies, which generate optical "slices" or cross-sections that include only the in-focus information. Another technique is the use of two-photon (2P) excitation produced by an infrared ultra-short, pulsed laser beam. In two-photon systems, the pulsed laser allows the same fluorophores to be excited by photons of twice the wavelength than those used in single photon systems, but the longer wavelength photons are not absorbed by the biological sample, which results in decreased toxicity to living cells and decreased photo bleaching. Furthermore, the infrared wavelength excitation significantly reduces scattering within the tissue as the scattering coefficient is proportional to the inverse fourth power of the excitation wavelength, resulting in penetration deeper into the specimen.
Fluorescent systems of this kind typically work well in laboratory settings. However, in the chemical and biotechnology industry, there is often a need to analyze a large number of samples in a time and cost-efficient manner, and due to the different requirements in these environments, the above configurations are often not suitable or possible to use. Therefore, what is needed is an improved apparatus that can be used to analyze an array of samples or objects in an efficient manner, while having the ability to discriminate against background noise.
In general, in one aspect, the invention provides methods and apparatus, including computer program products, implementing and using techniques for collecting optical data pertaining to one or more characteristics of a sample. A light beam of a first frequency is scanned onto a sample surface using one or more illumination optical elements. Light of a second frequency is collected from a scan line on the sample surface using one or more collection optical elements. None of the one or more collection optical elements are included among the one or more illumination optical elements. The collected light is transmitted to a detector.
Advantageous embodiments can include one or more of the following features. The first frequency and the second frequency can either be the same or can be different. The light can be collected through a device forming an aperture that limits detection of light from the sample to light associated with a limited vertical depth within the sample, wherein the device is one of the collection optical elements. The light can be collected through a slit aperture that limits detection of light from the sample to light associated with a limited vertical depth within the sample. The light can be collected using a bundle of optical fibers, and light that enters different optical fibers in the bundle of optical fibers can correspond to light at different vertical depths within the sample. Light can be collected from a scan line on the sample with substantially uniform efficiency using the one or more optical elements, for example, a cylindrical lens or a spherical lens. The collected light can be transmitted by directing the collected light from the sample to two or more detectors offset from one another with respect to a path for collecting the light, wherein each of the two or more detectors is positioned to capture light being emitted from a different vertical depth.
The position of the sample can be adjusted with respect to the collection optical elements in response to light intensity detected at the two or more detectors to maintain a substantially uniform vertical depth from position to position on the sample. The detector can be a photomultiplier detector, a photodiode device, a microchannel plate or a charge coupled device. The collected light can be transmitted by directing the collected light from the sample to two or more detectors, and two or more different characteristics of the light from the sample, such as different polarizations, different frequencies of the light, different frequencies of the signal modulation or time-gated regions can be detected. The collection of optical data can be automatically limited to regions of the sample known or detected to hold particular objects to be characterized on the sample. Automatically limiting the collection of optical data can include recording optical data only when an intensity of the collected light is above a certain adjustable threshold value and the optical data meets at least one additional criterion.
Automatically limiting the collection of optical data can include recording optical data only during time periods when the beam from the light source is scanned across an area of interest on the sample.
Scanning a light beam can include scanning a light beam from a light source that is one of: a continuous wave laser, a modulated continuous wave laser, a pulsed laser, a mode-locked high repetition rate laser, and a Q-switched laser. The pulsed laser can be configured to emit pulses in a frequency range of 10-100 Megahertz with a spacing ranging from 100 picoseconds to 10 microseconds. The mode-locked laser can have a repetition rate that is higher than or equal to 10 Megahertz. The Q-switched laser can be pulsed at a frequency in the range of 1 Hertz to 1 Megahertz. Scanning can include scanning a light beam from a light source that is intensity modulated in time with a frequency in the range of 1 Hertz to 2 Gigahertz. Scanning can include scanning a light beam with a scanner that includes one or more polygonal mirrors being rotated by a scanning element to scan the light beam across the sample. Scanning can include scanning a light beam with a scanner that includes one or more mirrors being moved by a galvanometer to scan the light beam across the sample. Scanning can include scanning the light beam with a resonant mirror scanner. The one or more illumination optical elements can include a telecentric lens.
In general, in another aspect, the invention provides methods and apparatus, including computer program products, implementing and using techniques for collecting optical data pertaining to one or more characteristics of a sample. A light beam of a first frequency is scanned onto a sample surface using one or more illumination optical elements. Light of a second frequency is collected from a scan line on the sample surface using one or more collection optical elements, wherein the light is collected through an aperture that limits detection of light from the sample to light associated with a limited vertical depth within the sample. The collected light is transmitted to a detector.
In general, in another aspect, the invention provides methods and apparatus, including computer program products, implementing and using techniques for collecting optical data pertaining to one or more characteristics of a sample. A light beam of a first frequency is scanned onto a sample surface using one or more illumination optical elements. Light is collected from a scan line on the sample surface using one or more collection optical elements. The light is collected through a first device that limits detection of light from the sample to light associated with a first vertical depth within the sample and through a second device that limits detection of light from the sample to light associated with a second, different, vertical depth within the sample. The collected light is transmitted from the first and second devices to one or more detectors.
Advantageous embodiments can include one or more of the following features. The vertical position of the sample can be automatically adjusted with respect to the collection optical elements in response to the relative light intensity collected at the first and second devices in order to maintain a consistent vertical position of the sample with respect to the collection optical elements during scanning. At least one of the first device and the second device can be an optical fiber. The first device can include a first row of optical fibers and the second device can include a second row of optical fibers. The one or more detectors can include comprise one or more microchannel plates arranged to separately detect light from the first and second devices. Two or more different characteristics of the light from the sample can be detected.
The invention can be implemented to include one or more of the following advantages. Improved system and methods for cell and microarray analysis are provided. The use of a scanning light source, in combination with improved geometry of the optical collection system, allows for many samples or objects to be illuminated in a single scan. Furthermore, the samples emit radiation in a specific confined region that is amenable to detection with characteristics that allow a higher degree of spatial resolution compared to several existing systems. The use of separate illumination optical components and separate collection optical components reduces the need to separate the illumination light from the fluorescent light emitted by the illuminated sample, and thus provides a simpler and more robust configuration. Using a cylindrical lens, such as a rod lens as one of the collection optical elements allows collection of an entire scan line with substantially uniform efficiency.
The polarized nature of the light source can be used to examine reactivity, environment, and/or biological activity of either native material or material that has been tagged with a fluorescent marker.
In one embodiment, the pulsed or modulated nature of the system allows for time dependent, rapid determination of chemically or photo-induced bioactivity. The timing of the pulses, and the timing of the responses can be used to extract physical information, such as fluorescence lifetimes and polarization relaxation times, as well as chemical or biological information. With determinable characteristics of time resolution coupled with the scanning feature, time-dependent information can be extracted, which can allow for precise mapping into a spatial domain. The optical detection system confines the detection region in such a way that an entire array can be scanned with a precisely located detection region without requiring a conventional autofocus mechanism with the attendant timing requirements. By using an apparatus that allows for improved light collection efficiency and background discrimination, the scanning source focus stays within the confined detection region. These characteristics of the invention allow for mapping to a microlocation, either at the subcellular level or at a macro position within a microarray for rapid assay analyses.
The output signal is uniquely suited to analyzing the fluorescence of cells and other objects or features within cells or in solution. The output signal and its characteristic behavior can be analyzed to determine structural, chemical, or biological properties of the object. An image of each object can be spectrally and/or temporally decomposed to discriminate object features by using polarization, fluorescence lifetime, or rotational correlation time as required. An object being imaged in accordance with the present invention can be stimulated into fluorescence, either by autofluorescence, or by binding a molecule or probe, that can be stimulated to fluoresce. Morphological and spectral characteristics of cells and sub-cellular features can be determined by measuring fluorescence signals that may also include time dependent spectral information, which can be used to determine time dependent cellular responses or other information about the cells and their components. Similar measurements can be used to determine nuclear fluorescence intensity, cytoplasm fluorescence intensity, background autofluorescence intensity, fluorescent depolarization intensity, and the ratios of any of these values.
The output signal can also be used to monitor the sample's position, and if necessary readjust the position of the sample, such that an optimal amount of light is collected. The output signal can also be used to reduce the data storage requirements, for example, by only storing data when the intensity of the collected fluorescent light is above a certain threshold value.
The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.
Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.
The invention provides an improved apparatus that uses a scanning light source, which can be focused onto an array of samples or objects, with the ability to discriminate against background noise or signal, and makes use of image contrast mechanisms. The apparatus of the invention can be operated in several distinct modes or combinations thereof, depending on what type of sample data needs to be collected. A high-level description of some exemplary modes will first be provided, followed by a more detailed discussion about the parts and geometry of the apparatus.
In a first mode, the output signal from the apparatus contains information such as the number of discrete positions in a cell or other object from which the fluorescent light originates, the relative location of the signal sources, and the color (e.g., wavelength or waveband) of the light emitted at each position of the object. As a result of the geometry of the illumination optics a relatively large illumination region is created that is confined to a region within the sample volume, thereby eliminating the need to have an apparatus which must adjust the focus of the illumination continuously and an in real time over a plurality or an array of samples. The geometry of the collection optics limits the detection region to a focal volume where the sample is contained and from which the data is collected. In one embodiment, multiple collection arrangements are used with the attendant benefits, which will be described below for a setup with two collection lenses.
In a second mode, a plane-polarized laser beam can be propagated through the optical system onto the sample, allowing interrogation of the biological material with polarized light. In this mode the emitted light can be separated into its two orthogonal components and analyzed either sequentially in time with a switchable modulator, such as an electrooptic modulator, to allow for detection of the parallel and perpendicular components, or simultaneously with multiple collection optics with specified perpendicular and parallel polarizing filters. The polarized nature of the excitation source allows for measurement of properties of biological materials where the characteristics of the anisotropy of the emission, or the time dependent nature of the relaxation of the polarization, can give rise to spatial or physical information about the biological moiety.
In a third mode, several laser beams can be propagated through the optical system onto the sample allowing interrogation of the biological material with different wavelengths of light or with the same wavelength at different times. In this mode the lasers can be pulsed simultaneously or with a fixed or variable delay between pulses. Delay between pulses allows for measurement of properties of biological materials in an excited state where the first laser pulse causes excitation of the biological moiety and the second or additional laser pulses interrogate that moiety in an excited state. The laser beams can be co-propagated so that they focus on the same sample area during a scan or, alternatively, they can be propagated at some relative angle so that during a scan the laser beams sequentially move over the same sample area.
In a fourth mode, a single modulated laser beam can be propagated through the optical system onto the sample allowing lifetime measurements of the fluorescence in the biological material.
In a fifth mode, several detectors can be used in conjunction with one collection optics arrangement, which creates multiple confinement regions for analysis, the advantages of which will be described in further detail below.
In a sixth mode, several collection optics arrangements can be used to provide improved confinement over a single collection optic with the unique geometry, or can be used to collect emission from the confined region with several characteristics which are uniquely specified to each collecting optics, the advantages which will be described below.
The apparatus will now be described in further detail, by way of example, with reference to
After leaving the laser (1), the excitation light (4) passes through one or more illumination optical elements to the sample (2). The illumination optical elements include an electro-optic modulator (8), a set of beam-shaping lenses (3), a scanning device (5), and a multi-element lens (9). The electro-optic modulator (8) can be used to polarization modulate the excitation light (4), if required by the investigation that is to be carried out on the sample (2). The set of beam-shaping lenses (3) expands the laser beam in order to match the input aperture of the scanning lens and provide the desired illumination region size at the sample (2). The scanning device (5) moves the expanded laser beam back and forth in a line-scan over the sample (2) after the beam has been focused by the multi-element lens (9). The scanning device (5), which will be described in further detail below, can be an electromechanical device coupled to an optic element, such as a mirror driven by a galvanometer. In one embodiment, which will also be described in further detail below, the scanning device (5) uses a polygon with multiple reflective surfaces to scan the laser beam across the sample (2). The multi-element lens (9) is designed to focus the laser light at the operating wavelength of the laser (1). The multi-element lens (9) can, for example, be a microscope objective designed for the operating wavelength or a specially designed scanning lens, such as a telecentric lens, that has appropriate parameters to achieve a flat focal plane, for example, with a long working distance and low first and second order aberrations, thus producing the same spot size and shape over a wide range of positions (such as a scan line). The telecentric lens is particularly useful for covering a large field of view.
After passing the multi-element lens (9), the beam (10) is focused onto a region of the sample (2) to be imaged. The focal region is located above, for example, a base of a microarray plate. The sample (2) can be objects to be interrogated by fluorescence, such as cells attached to the bottom of a microwell of the microarray plate.
The fluorescent light emitted by the sample (2) is collected by one or more collection optical elements (19). As will be discussed below, there are several ways to configure the collection optical elements (19) that allow scanning of a large array, such as microarray plate. In one embodiment, the collection optical elements (19) is a rod lens, designed to capture the entire range of sweep of the beam (10) over one dimension of the base (11) of the sample array. The collection optical elements (19) can also include other types of lenses, or an aggregate of lenses, as would be determined by the specific information required from the emission. In some embodiments, multiple setups of collection optical elements (19) can be used to improve collection efficiency.
The light collected by the collection optical elements (19) is transmitted to a detector (21) located at a convenient distance from the collection optical elements (19). The transmission of the fluorescent light can be accomplished by, for example, an optical fiber or a bundle of optical fibers (20). In one embodiment, the detector (21) is a detector with high gain, such as a photomultiplier tube, which produces an electrical output signal. The electrical output signal is further processed by a data acquisition system (14), which performs operations such as optimization of the gain and the signal to noise ratio (S/N), by making use of signal enhancing, averaging, or integrating detection systems.
The multi-element lens (9) that receives the laser light (4) is designed to focus the laser light at the operating wavelength of the laser (1). The multi-element lens (9) focuses the laser light (4) close to the diffraction limit of the multi-element lens (9), which is typically in the range of 5-20 microns, but can be as small or large as 1-200 microns. The sample or sample array (2) is arranged to accept the focused, beam at, or just above, the base (11) of the sample (2). The length of the scan line across the sample array (2) can be varied and is typically in the range 5 mm to 100 mm. In one embodiment, the scan light (10) can interrogate for example, a 96-well plate in less than one minute at 5 micron resolution.
As can be seen in
As can be seen in
The emitted fluorescent light from the source region (17) is transmitted to the collection optical elements (19) along the collection path (18). The collection path (18) can extend through the optical element (16) in the base (11) of the sample well, As shown in
There are several ways to configure the collection optical elements (19) that allow the scanning of a large array, such as a microarray plate. One geometry is shown in
As can be seen in
The slit aperture's (26) opening is located directly in front of the entrance to the detector (21) or optical fiber (20) coupled to the detector (20). As can be seen in
In another embodiment, which is shown in
The setup of
As was discussed above, the detector (21) can be a detector with high gain, such as a photomultiplier tube (PMT). Other examples of detectors are photodiodes, various types of charge coupled devices (CCDs), or microchannel plates. The detector (21) does not have to be physically located adjacent to the collection optical elements (19), but the light can be transmitted from the collection optical elements (19) to the detector (21) through a fiber array (20). In one embodiment, shown in
The detectors (21 a-21 c) can also be used to correct the sample position based on the recorded signals, as can be seen in
As can be seen in
The signal can be labeled using a triggering event in time, and can be co-located with a spatial position of the fluorescing object within a well of a microarray, or with the macro location of the well in the microarray plate. The software logic in the data processing and storage system (24) can contain instructions for deriving one or more object characteristics from the emission signal, such as total intensity, average intensity, peak intensity, size, Gaussian or other waveform fit, or other such characteristics as may be found useful to those skilled in the art. The trigger signal can be modified by the controller (15) as needed to configure a delay, a blanking signal, a duty cycle, or provide a means by which the trigger circuit of a boxcar averager, for example, can be activated. Two triggering events at the start and end of a scan can be used to measure the total scan time and correct for scan jitter. This also enables bidirectional scanning. There are many permutations for using this data processing and data storage system (24) that are not described here, but which are useful to those skilled in the art.
In the interest of efficient data storage, due to the large size of multi-channel images, the data processing and storage system (24) can be set up such that data is only collected and saved when a relevant part of the sample (2), such as a cell, is illuminated. In one embodiment, this is accomplished by setting a threshold value in the data processing and storage system (24), and saving data only when the intensity of the collected fluorescent light exceeds the threshold value for a certain period of time, or whenever some other pre-determined criterion is satisfied. In another embodiment, the data processing and storage system (24) only saves data during certain time intervals, such as when the illuminating beam (10) illuminates a well or a location in a microarray. Thus, instead of using intensity values to determine when to save data, the data is saved based on the positions of the light beam (10) at any given time, as determined by the scanner (5) and the multi-element lens (9).
In one embodiment, the apparatus allows for measurement of successive laser pulses, as a result of modulating the laser light, over the same spatial location of the scan region and then subsequently analyzing the fluorescent signal measured by the detector (21) to determine a time-dependent response of the sample within the scanned region. The response can include one or more characteristics of the sample, such as molecular interactions, protein-protein interaction, binding kinetics, drug/target interactions, cell apoptosis, and so on. The timing and response to time dependent perturbations, such as the excitation pulse, form important aspects of this invention. The timing associated with the emission event with respect to the incident laser pulse, such as a signal timing or an emission lifetime, is captured by the configuration as described above. The detection of native or engineered materials will give rise to information concerning chemical or biological activity, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the detection of induced or engineered fluorescence will also give rise to such information as has been described above.
In another embodiment, the detector (21) can be arranged to collect information stored in the incident light as well as the emitted light, such as the polarization of the light. In this embodiment, the light source (1) is polarized, the incident polarization is determined, and the fluorescent response emitted by the sample (2) is analyzed for its polarization components, or anisotropy. The polarization of the incident light and/or the fluorescent light can be modulated, for example, by the electrooptic device (8). The timing of the modulation of the polarized signals is controlled by the controller (15) with respect to the timing of the scans, so that quick, successive scans with orthogonal polarization can be performed and so that dynamical information from the fluorescent polarization can be extracted. Furthermore, the intensity of the incident light can be modulated to collect time-dependent information from the sample. The detection of fluorescent polarization and the time-dependence in materials gives rise to information concerning physical, chemical or biological activity, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the detection of induced or engineered fluorescence polarization will also give rise to such information as for example the result of a fluorescence polarization immunoassay, or other that has been described above.
In one embodiment, as shown in
The platform (25) can be configured to move with a precision that is either less than or on the order of the optical resolution of the multi-element lens (9), such that the motion of the platform (25) gives rise to high-resolution images of the sample (2). For example, the scanned beam (10) is swept across the sample (2) in one dimension and the sample array is moved in a perpendicular direction to the sweep by the platform (25), whereby the movement is timed such that the beam makes one or more complete excursions, and the emission signal from the detector (21) derived from one or more complete sweeps is collected and summed or manipulated by the data acquisition system (14) and the data processing and storage system (24). In this embodiment, the platform (25) motion is perpendicular to the motion of the scan (10), such that a two-dimensional image of the sample (2) can be reconstructed using the instructions encoded in the data processing and storage system (24).
In another embodiment, the focus location of the multi-element lens (9) in the source region (17) can provide spatial information in the direction perpendicular to the plane defined by the scan (10) and platform (25) motion, resulting in a reconstructed 3-dimensional image.
In another embodiment, the time domain information reconstructed by the data acquisition system (14) and the data processing and storage system (24) can be used to construct image spatial locations, which can give rise to information on the objects in sample array, such as events that occur as a result of the light probe. Alternatively, the information may result from, for example, non-light-induced drug or responses at the cellular or subcellular level.
A number of embodiments of the invention have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, the apparatus may perform the scanning function by moving the sample (2) only, instead of using a scanning device (5) to move the beam (4) from the light source (1) across the sample. The invention has been described above with regards to fluorescent light, but the same principles can be applied to the collection of phosphorescent light, which may be useful for investigations of certain samples. The invention can also be used to perform measurements of chemiluminescence and resonant energy transfers. Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims.
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Owner name: BLUESHIFT BIOTECHNOLOGIES, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CROMWELL, EVAN F.;ADAM, JOHANN F.;BRUNFIELD, ANDREI;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:015750/0908
Effective date: 20040825
|1 juin 2010
|Certificate of correction
|14 déc. 2010
|Certificate of correction
|19 févr. 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text:
By Cielestia Calbay, Published Jul. 8, 2011
Toning shoes with a summer twist. FitFlops creates the feeling of walking barefoot in the sand to work the calf, hamstring, thighs and glutes with its multi-density foam soles.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
I read with limited �interest � Sunday�s article about Walter Jones, and although I haven�t voted for him since his �party-flip, � I do applaud him for admitting his regret for his vote authorizing the unnecessary callous invasion of Iraq pushed forward by �W �orst-ever�s administration. And for the record, there were members of the Democratic Party as well who bought into the lies and voted for the authorization out of fear of being seen as weak on our nation�s defense, or whatever motivated their vote. So regardless of which party one is from, I do appreciate those who have shown the guts to admit their remorse.
I also find it somewhat �admirable� that he is using his personal money to fund the book writing about the decision, although I can�t imagine why anyone else would choose to invest in it. But I find it somewhat disappointing that he didn�t openly pledge any profits from the book to help support the care of those whose lives have been devastated or turned completely upside down by the war. Maybe he has those intentions and chose not to bring extra attention to himself, but that decision would certainly be the right thing to do.
And although it wasn�t mentioned in the article, I do want to call him out for his vote against relief funding for Superstorm Sandy in January. Given his long term representing Eastern North Carolina and the many storms that we�ve endured and received federal money to help with the clean up, I found it absolutely appalling and disgusting that he could have voted no to it and did call his office to express my opinion. But have no fear, I also believe that Jones is the epitome of the politician that panders to whatever base and issue that may solidify his chances for re-election, so I�m sure that he will display his same old hypocrisy and be on the front line to procure funds after our next devastating storm.
Shelton Jenkins, New Bern
Location, ST | website.com


text:
Thrillmeister John Grisham tries his hand at a collection of short stories set in rural north Mississippi.
Master mystery writer P.D. James dissects her craft.
In her ninth novel, Anne Tyler serves up meaty fiction with a draft of sadness.
A new collection of nine short stories from a master of the genre.
Sarah Palin speaks out.
Award-winning journalist George Packer grapples with the global consequences of political idealism.
A new translation of 11 short works by Tolstoy.
Oprah guru Eckhart Tolle shares lessons from the higher masters: the animals.
For the brave reader ready to tackle it, this sprawling text offers a fascinating glimpse of a corner of America at work.
Vladimir Nabokov's last unfinished manuscript feels like a generous gift to readers.
This story of a Maine town trapped under a dome shows Stephen King at the height of his powers.
Spurred by the birth of his son, novelist Jonathan Safran Foer investigates the system that puts meat on our plates.
"Gorky Park" is a thriller that grapples with one man's search for meaning.
'Raven Summer' leads two teens to both adventure and danger in this evocative young adult novel.
"A Rumpole Christmas" makes a holiday treat for the mystery lover on your shopping list.
This affectionate biography of Theolonius Monk fills in the backstory of an artist the world has long wished to know better.
What is a memoir – and when and why did we go so crazy for the genre?
On the 150th anniversary of the discovery of petroleum in the US, "Crude World" prepares us for petroleum's demise.
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Suicide prompts action to dismiss chargesDecember 14,2012
ANCHORAGE, Alaska A serial killers recent suicide has prompted federal prosecutors to seek dismissal of charges in the slaying of an Alaska barista.
Prosecutors in Anchorage said in a motion filed this week that the indictment against Israel Keyes is abated by his death by law.
A federal magistrate recommends granting the motion and has forwarded it to the judge assigned to the case against Keyes, who confessed to the February murder of 18-year-old barista Samantha Koenig in Anchorage, as well as others across the country.
Keyes confessed to the 2011 murders of Bill and Lorraine Currier of Essex, Vt., and as many as five unnamed victims, four in Washington state and one on the East Coast, the body dumped in New York. Investigators believe there could be more victims as well.MORE IN Vermont NewsBURLINGTON Bill Lee is fielding so many phone calls hes beginning to have second thoughts... Full StoryRANDOLPH Environmental activists gathered Wednesday at the home of the commissioner of the... Full StoryBARRE Democratic gubernatorial candidate Sue Minter unveiled her plan to stimulate economic... Full Story
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the desk clerk and she was very helpful and pleasant to us.
Very clean. Very friendly. Breakfast was much better than most. Could have been 3.5 instead of 2.5.
The staff was very friendly and was very clean.
I didn't like being charged double for a room due to no record of my reservations made online and the follow up call I had to make due to my charges not being backed out like I was promised. I didn't like the selling point of a hot breakfast just to have the cook not show up on time the following morning so a manager came in LATE to prepare it. Wasn't ready when I was departing. Not the end of the world but very inconvenient. I hated the king bed but she didn't mind it so it's probably personal preference.
Staff were friendly and helpful. There was a good breakfast, warm and fresh.
The room had a strong chemical smell, like cleaning supplies that wouldn't go away.
Didn't have an accessible room to accommodate a family of 4, the room only had a king bed.
Located near biz corridor
No remote for old TV. Dirty rooms. Dirty shirts.
Free wifi
The parking garage is both dark and not very clean. A good pressure washing is in order.
Updated lobby
Breakfast was chaotic. Location is a bit out of the way.
Plenty of free parking, good wifi in large room, comfy bed, good sized bathroom, handy basic gym & pool, quiet & air conditioned, good variety breakfast, close to Wild Turkey & Four Roses distilleries. Good value.
Staff uninterested and unhelpful, room not serviced, checkout took 15 minutes.
Free wifi.... When it worked. Not bad for the price.
Paint was chipping, bathroom tiles falling off. Door WOULD NOT LATCH unless slammed. Dirty everything. I spilled water when I first got there and when I cleaned it up the towel was covered in grime and brown nastiness. Wifi signal was spotty at best.
Fairly clean, comfortable, inexpensive. Pool was well maintained, salt water instead of chlorinated. No one was swimming so we had the pool to ourselves. New flat screen tvs with HD channels and wide variety of channels available. Free high speed wifi.
Free breakfast is nothing to get excited about. Orange juice tasted awful, like it was Tang. Didn't bother with any of the food. Carpet was also dirty, we all had a film of dirt on the bottom of our feet after walking around barefoot. Also no open easily accessible outlets that aren't over the sink.
There was nothing good about this hotel except the staff that was understanding and gave us a refund as we left 10 minutes after arriving.
Non smoking room wreaked of smoke, they knew it too as the window was open trying to air it out. There was trash still in the floor and what looked like dead bugs under the sheets.
Hotel was very nice. The beds and pillows were awesome. There was free breakfast and they actually had a variety of things. Staff was super nice! Would def stay again!
Loved how clean it was! That's the most important thing to me when I stay somewhere and this hotel met all expectations!
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text:
Unrefined coconut oil provides the best natural nutrition for hair.
- It helps promote healthy hair growth, and makes it healthy and shiny.
- Regular massage of the head with coconut oil ensures your scalp is free of dandruff, lice, and lice eggs, even if your scalp is dry.
- Coconut oil is extensively used in the Indian sub-continent for hair care. It is an excellent conditioner and helps in the re-growth of damaged hair.
- It provides the essential proteins required for nourishing damaged hair.
- It is used as hair care oil and in the manufacturing of conditioners, shampoos, and dandruff relief creams.
Coconut oil has been used for hair treatment in coconut producing countries such as India and the Philippines for thousands of years. Studies in India have been done on how effective various oils are on treating damaged hair. The study compared mineral oil, sunflower oil, and coconut oil because these were the three most commonly used oils in hair treatment products used in India. The aim of this study was to cover different treatments, and the effect of these treatments on various hair types using these three oils, see the Study Results below.
Study Results
The findings clearly indicate the strong impact that coconut oil application has to hair as compared to application of both sunflower and mineral oils. Among three oils, coconut oil was the only oil found to reduce the protein loss remarkably for both undamaged and damaged hair when used as a pre-wash and post-wash grooming product.
Both sunflower and mineral oils do not help at all in reducing the protein loss from hair. This difference in results could arise from the composition of each of these oils. Coconut oil, being a triglyceride of lauric acid (principal fatty acid), has a high affinity for hair proteins and, because of its low molecular weight and straight linear chain, is able to penetrate inside the hair shaft.
Mineral oil, being a hydrocarbon, has no affinity for proteins and therefore is not able to penetrate and yield results. In the case of sunflower oil, although it is a triglyceride of linoleic acid, because of its bulky structure it does not penetrate the fiber, consequently resulting in no favorable impact on protein loss.


text:
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On Jan. 21, 18-year-old Lindsey Gilbert, of Crestwood was crowned Miss Teen Oldham County – World 2010.
Gilbert is a senior at Christian Academy of Louisville.
She volunteered recently for Wayside Christian Mission, a homeless shelter. She also volunteers at a local nursing home. She hopes to someday become a nurse.
At Christian Academy she is involved with the school yearbook, Beta Club, Spanish club, art club and Kentucky Youth Assembly.
An Oldham County grand jury recently handed up the following indictments:
• Linda D. Blakely, 53, is indicted for first-degree wanton endangerment.
According to the indictment, on Nov. 23, she allegedly created a substantial danger of death or serious physical injury to James Blakely.
• Rebecca A. Hardy, 28, is indicted for second-degree trafficking in a controlled substance and first-degree promoting contraband.
Marianne Stoess, a native of Pewee Valley joined the Kentucky Humanities Council Jan. 25 as assistant director for marketing and public relations and editor of Kentucky Humanities magazine.
She comes to the council following a 10-year stint at IMG College, formerly Host Communications Inc.
She spent the past five years with IMG College serving as the company's NCAA coordinator, overseeing the annual production of nearly 150 National Collegiate Athletic Association championship publications.
When I used to teach spirituality courses, we did an exercise in affirming others. It was a simple activity, yet one of the most effective teaching techniques I ever used.
We arranged the desks in a semi-circle facing a single chair called the "hot seat," which each student took a turn in. In the first part of the exercise, the one in the hot seat was asked to tell the rest of us: "What's good about me?"
With telltale howls, tracks in the snow and a few sightings by residents, it looks like coyotes are making their way out of the wild and into Oldham County.
Some Oldham County residents have recently seen coyotes in their yards and neighborhoods and feel that seeing wild animals in rural areas is a little too close for comfort.
Representatives from the first-grade classes at St. Francis School in Goshen recently delivered three carloads of toys, clothing, diapers, books and art supplies to Wayside Christian Mission's Child Development Center, which provides daycare services for up to 50 homeless children age five and younger in the community.
The project began in September with a visit from Wayside representatives.
After the presentation, the students began a three-month program to earn money and collect items that could be used by the center.
American Red Cross will host a blood drive 10:30 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. Friday at Cedar Lake Lodge, 3301 Jericho Road, La Grange, and 2 to 6 p.m. Tuesday at Wal-mart in La Grange.
Alex S. Davis, 22, 102 W. Main St., La Grange, arrested by OCSO Feb. 8, indictment, failure to appear, second-degree escape and failure to comply.
Harry S. Gaines, 34, 1203 Woodcreek Drive, La Grange, arrested by OCSO Feb. 5, failure to appear.
Shawn A. Hardy, 30, Luther Luckett Correctional Complex, arrested by OCSO Feb. 5, indictment.
Micah L. Hasty, 36, 8630 Grand Neptune Drive, Louisville, arrested by OCSO Feb. 5, failure to appear.
US Bank National Association, as Successors in Interest to Wachovia Custodian for Sass Muni to PBI Bank, commissioner's deed, lot 77, Magnolia Place, 6135 Sweetbay Drive, Crestwood, $170,000.
Ley Homes to Oldham Realty Investments, commissioner's deed, lot 45, Summerfield by the Lakes, 6606 Clore Lake Road, Crestwood, $401,000.
Ball Homes LLC to Stephen Redd, lot 46, Williamsgate, 7010 Alberta Drive, Crestwood, $235,000.
Dick and Bobbie Schiller celebrated their 60th wedding anniversary Feb. 4. The couple resides in Crestwood.
They married Feb. 4, 1950, in Pennsylvania.
Dick is a retired Dupont employee. They have two children – Tom (Pam) Schiller and Richard (Jenny) Schiller; six grandchildren, Christopher, Mitch, Alayne, Caroline, Laura and Hannah; and two great-grandchildren, Max and Sam.
Copyright © 2016
The Oldham Era is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Oldham County and LaGrange, Kentucky, and the surrounding area.


text:
The (POGO) Blog
January 8, 2014
Recent Watchdog Reports Call into Question V-22 Safety
Recent DoD IG reports raise concerns about the readiness of V-22s being deployed.
Continue Reading Recent Watchdog Reports Call into Question V-22 Safety
Topics: National Security
April 12, 2012
V-22 Morocco Crash Latest in Program Expert Says Should Have Been Stopped
A V-22 Osprey crashed during a training exercise in Morocco yesterday, killing two U.S. Marines and severely injuring two others. The cause of this particular accident is unknown, but some crashes in the past have involved a dangerous flying condition of w
Continue Reading V-22 Morocco Crash Latest in Program Expert Says Should Have Been Stopped
Topics: National Security
November 7, 2011
By Bryan Rahija
A Rare Quality on Capitol Hill
For the last ten years, Representative Walter Jones (D-NC) has been fighting to clear the names of two Marines who piloted an MV-22 Osprey that crashed during a training exercise.
Continue Reading A Rare Quality on Capitol Hill
Topics: National Security
April 15, 2010
Air Force Investigating "Class A" Osprey Mishap from March
Adding even more context to the recent Osprey crash in Afghanistan, Christopher Castelli of Inside Defense reports on an earlier Osprey accident that received less attention
Continue Reading Air Force Investigating "Class A" Osprey Mishap from March
Topics: National Security
April 12, 2010
Why the Recent Osprey Crash Is Turning Heads: An Explainer
On April 9, the Air Force announced that a CV-22 Opsrey crashed in the Zabul Province of southern Afghanistan, killing three service members, one civilian employee, and injuring many others. The aircraft had only been delivered to Afghanistan a few days be
Continue Reading Why the Recent Osprey Crash Is Turning Heads: An Explainer
Topics: National Security
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Latest Podcast
Podcast; Social Media, Internet Provides Opportunities, Challenges for Lawmakers
The Congressional Management Foundation offers the Gold Mouse Awards annually to members of Congress who make the most of the opportunity the digital world offers them. POGO spoke with members of Rep. Mike Honda's communications team about their award.


text:
If you don't have a smart strategy, summer cookouts can single-handedly sabotage your diet efforts. A few seemingly innocent forkfuls could tally up to a shockingly high calorie count. Learn how to save 1,200 (or more!) calories by swapping the "standard fare" for these "better bargain" or "best bet" choices.
The bottom line is, if you opt for "better bargains" or "best bets" at your next backyard bash, you'll save big!
Standard Fare: 2080 total calories
Better Bargain: 1300 total calories
Best Bet: 835 total calories
When In Doubt ... Serve Slimmed-Down Summer Fare
Gain control over the food frenzy by bringing your own reliable dish to share. Take a look at my recipes below for a few quick and easy dishes that promise to earn rave reviews from guests!
Artichoke & White Bean Dip
Serves 24 (serving size: 2 tablespoons, 25 calories per serving)
Non stick spray
1 sweet onion, chopped
2 teaspoons dried oregano
1 teaspoon crushed red pepper flakes
1 can (16 ounces) white beans, drained and rinsed
1 can (14 ounces) artichoke hearts, drained
1 lemon, juiced
Spray frying pan with cooking spray. Cook onion, oregano and red pepper until onion is browned and slightly caramelized. Place cooked onion mixture, beans, artichokes and lemon juice in bowl. With a hand blender, blend until smooth. Serve with assorted vegetables.
Grilled Veggie Salad
Serves 6 (serving size: 1 cup, 80 calories per serving)
3 bell peppers (one of each: green, red & yellow), chopped, 1-inch pieces
1 red onion, chopped, 1-inch wedges
1 zucchini, sliced
2 Tablespoons grapeseed oil
Sea salt & black pepper, to taste
Balsamic vinegar, to taste
Chopped fresh basil, to taste
In a large mixing bowl, toss peppers, onion, zucchini, oil, salt and pepper. Stack vegetables on skewers and grill about six minutes or until desired tenderness. Remove from heat and allow to cool. Remove skewers. Drizzle grilled vegetables with balsamic vinegar and toss with basil.
Grilled Herbed Potatoes
Serves 6 (serving size: 1/2 cup, 100 calories per serving)
3 cups cubed potatoes, with skins
1 tablespoon grapeseed oil
2 tablespoons chopped fresh chives
2 tablespoons chopped fresh parsley
Sea salt and black pepper, to taste
1/2 lemon, juiced
In a mixing bowl, combine potatoes, oil, chives, parsley, salt and pepper. Place mixture on two-layers of foil and seal well into packet shape. Place packet of potatoes on grill for about 15-20 minutes, until potatoes are tender. Drizzle with lemon before serving.
Summer Berry Brulee
Serves 6 (serving size: 1/2 cup, 90 calories per serving)
3 cups sliced strawberries
1 1/2 cups low-fat Greek strained yogurt
3 tablespoons organic cane sugar
Put 1/2 cup sliced berries into ramekin. Top with 1/4 cup yogurt and sprinkle with 1/2 tablespoon sugar. Immediately use culinary torch to burn sugar until golden, about 3 minutes per ramekin. Put in fridge for at least 15 minutes to harden sugar and chill yogurt. Note: This recipe makes it worth buying yourself a culinary torch, if you don't already have one!


text:
American Culture Workbook Series: Beverly Hills 90210 - Year 1
Thomas Schalow
This is a textbook designed for teaching English language students about American culture. Each week is devoted to a story from the popular television program Beverly Hills 90210. It provides fifteen weeks of lessons with multiple choice questions, essay questions, and lists of vocabulary words to be learned.
The author is a professor of English at a private university in Kobe, Japan.
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American Culture Workbook Series: Beverly Hills 90210 - Year 2
Published December 12, 2009
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text: Actions from John Matthews Movable Type Pro 5.2.11 2015-08-12T21:37:54Z http://www.witf.org/mt/mt-cp.cgi?__mode=feed&_type=actions&blog_id=57&id=1802 Commented on Enter the 2015 Central PA Writing Contest! in Contests and Giveaways tag:www.witf.org,2013:/contests//84.84871#40521 2015-08-12T21:37:54Z John Matthews Where are the 2015 writing contest winners? Magazine says they are here. I can't find them]]> Commented on witf 2013 Central PA Writing Contest Winner in Press Releases tag:www.witf.org,2013:/about/pressroom//57.83935#35344 2013-08-21T16:22:09Z John Matthews Thank you, Colette. I know it's too late for this year, but printing that link in the magazine would be helpful, or just running the story under the winner on your website. John]]> Commented on witf 2013 Central PA Writing Contest Winner in Press Releases tag:www.witf.org,2013:/about/pressroom//57.83935#35337 2013-08-19T23:22:51Z John Matthews PLEASE let us read Anton Runkles' second place story.You used to post all the honorable mentions. What happened? John Matthews]]>


text:
"AMM brings together a group of migrant and non-migrant volunteers, researchers, and media operators committed to a participatory method in recording current migratory processes and including its traces in the collective heritage of national and transnational memory"
"It is necessary for us to count them all, name each and every one to make us aware of how many names lost their bodies on one single day, in the Mediterranean Sea". (read more)
When Eritrea became independent in May 24, 1991after a thirty-year struggle, it looked like the beginning of a new era of peace and prosperity. Over twenty years have elapsed since then, and all the hopes of freedom heralded by that joyful day have long since vanished. Now, the dramatic socio-political situation in Eritrea, which is characterised by blatant oppression and violations of fundamental rights, has become apparent to the international community. (read more)
To whom it may concern
by Zakaria Mohamed Ali
Grooving Lampedusa
by Mario Badagliacca


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Tuesday, January 29, 2013
Well, today I managed to get a legit parking spot. Just as I turned into the lot, I saw someone get in the car and so I just waited and waited until she left, then I snagged it. There were about four other cars circling the lot at the time, but I got it! They've got some tractors flattening out some areas for additional parking today, but honestly! How could they not realize parking was going to be a MAJOR issue.
Of course, that's not the only thing frustrating me right now. Youngest son won an iPad at a church raffle in December. Oldest son has been on his case constantly, wanting to borrow it, getting mad when youngest son passworded it, etc. So this morning, oldest son decides that in the five minutes before I leave for work is a good time to discuss w/ me that he thinks youngest shouldn't password his iPad because YS had been looking up inappropriate YouTube videos (based on what OS said, I think we're talking stuff that was PG13 but had R-type search words ... of course YS is about to turn 12 so that he would be curious about sexual content isn't shocking). I'll deal w/ YS. I repeat *AGAIN* that OS is not a parent and doesn't have authority over the other kids unless I delegate it to him, and I mention some of his inappropriate behaviors and say that if he can't acknowledge that I alone have disciplinary authority that I might even have to ask him to move out (OS is 19, not working, not in school ... I know he was pretty badly damaged by stuff that happened in my marriage, but enough is enough). I told him I don't want to do that, but that he has got to step down and stop trying to parent his siblings.
So then OS says that I show too much favoritism towards YS over all the others. As an example, he stated that it was unfair when my DD (twin to YS) got a behavior concern at school, I grounded her for a week. Anything less wouldn't have affected her, to be honest. Yes, the underlying behavior wasn't that bad (playing on her school-issued technology w/ a different subject than the class she was in, say working on math in English class) but she could have avoided the problem by asking permission instead of just doing it. Then she tried to minimize it with the famous "but everyone else was doing it". More recently, YS got into trouble when there was a fight at school he was involved in--he was punched but did not hit, he just used bad language. I grounded him 3 days, and he also had to serve 3 days of inschool suspension. But the other side of that coin is why it happened--he was in PE class and his stuff (coat and backpack) that he had to bring with him because of school layout) got put into the trash can and the teacher was oblivious. He got mad, then when someone else started laughing, he felt that was the culprit (and it likely was based on who it was and my knowledge of these kids) and started name-calling. Now, quite frankly I do think it was wrong for his school consequences to be so severe. He was BULLIED and reacted and also freely admitted that he knew he had totally screwed up.
OS said that "everyone else can see from these two examples that you favor YS". I honestly do not think I do. Thoughts?
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Yes, those things do sound like they would be frustrating. Unfortunately I do not have kidlets, so I don't feel like I can give much suggestions on that one. I do believe in what CMROBERTS0617 has to say though. :)
I hope you start feeling feeling more relaxed.
1213 days ago
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Many times, the punishment doesn't fit the crime as it does the person committing the crime. Your YS got punished not just by you, but also from the school. Wheareas the other 2 kids had to only deal with you. Kids are always going to say that their siblings have it easier than they do. It's just part of being siblings.
The 19 year old should realize he's SEVEN years older than his younger siblings and in position to compare himself to them. The age difference is too great and many things change with time also.
1214 days ago
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I don't think you do. I'm the oldest of 3 girls and I can tell you from experience, my parents treated us differently. It took me until I was in my 20s that the reason for this was because we were different people. You had to teat me a certain way to get your point across, but if you did that to the middle sister, you wouldn't get the same results. I am now the mother of 4 boys and I know that you have to treat each child different. I think you should find some way to let your OS understand that. I was sort of like him when I was 19. He'll grow out of it. I didn't until I was about 24-25, but I wasn't living at home with mom and dad. If you need someone to talk to about anything, feel free to friend me on here and message me. I'll do my best to help.
ps. I think your YS was legit in passwording the iPad. It IS his and it was given to HIM. You could ask the OS how he would feel if the roles were reversed.
1214 days ago
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30 servings, 2 pinwheels each
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Serve with BREAKSTONE'S or KNUDSEN Sour Cream.
Prepare using tomato-flavored tortillas.
Roll-ups can be refrigerated up to 24 hours before slicing and baking as directed just before serving.
Serve these easy-to-make appetizers at your next gathering of family or friends. Eating right never tasted so good!
* Nutrition information is estimated based on the ingredients and cooking instructions as described in each recipe and is intended to be used for informational purposes only. Please note that nutrition details may vary based on methods of preparation, origin and freshness of ingredients used.
This recipe was very good but when finished is seemed dry. I used Ranch dressing to dip or spread on top after baking. I think Thousand Island dressing would be good also. I also put a few drops of Taco sauce on top to give it a little spice.


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Salmonella Outbreak in Certain Raw, Red Tomatoes Sickens at Least 167 People in 17 States
June 9, 2008 -- The number of people sickened by a salmonella outbreak linked to tomatoes has grown, and the suspect tomatoes are coming off restaurant menus and store shelves.
The FDA and CDC first warned last week of dozens of people in nine states who had gotten sick after eating certain types of raw, red tomatoes.
Now, the CDC reports that at least 167 people in 17 states have been infected with Salmonella Saintpaul, the salmonella strain involved in the current outbreak. Those 17 states are Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin.
Salmonella bacteria can cause diarrhea (which may be bloody), fever, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Serious and potentially fatal cases are more likely in young children, frail or elderly people, and people with weak immune systems.
No deaths have been reported in the salmonella tomato outbreak. However, 23 people have been hospitalized with Salmonella Saintpaul, an uncommon strain of salmonella, since mid-April.
The true number of people affected by the salmonella outbreak may be higher, because cases aren't always reported immediately, notes the CDC.
The CDC, FDA, and other health agencies are investigating the source of the outbreak -- and they're telling consumers what to do in the meantime.
Not All Tomatoes Affected
The salmonella outbreak doesn't mean that all tomatoes are off limits. The FDA says it's fine to keep eating the following types of tomatoes from any source: cherry tomatoes, grape tomatoes, tomatoes sold with the vine still attached, and homegrown tomatoes.
Because of the salmonella outbreak, the FDA advises consumers not to eat raw red Roma, raw red plum, and raw red round tomatoes, or products containing those types of tomatoes, unless the tomatoes are from the following places, which have not been linked to the outbreak:
- Alabama
- Arkansas
- California
- Georgia
- Hawaii
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- New York
- Nebraska
- North Carolina
- Ohio
- Pennsylvania
- South Carolina
- Tennessee
- Texas
- West Virginia
- Belgium
- Canada
- Dominican Republic
- Guatemala
- Israel
- Netherlands
- Puerto Rico
Not sure where your tomatoes came from? The FDA suggests calling the store where you bought them for that information.
When outbreaks aren't under way, the FDA recommends washing whole, fresh produce before eating it. But during an outbreak, the stakes are too high. Washing tomatoes probably won't get rid of the contamination, so the FDA urges consumers to simply avoid eating the suspect tomatoes.


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How much energy can you save by drying your clothes on a clothesline instead of using an electric dryer?
What a great question. I'd estimate a savings of about $10.20 per month or just over $122 per year.
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SHOREHAM — "Home improvement" can mean building something new or restoring something old. The raising of a particular barn in Shoreham meant both.
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text: i am using windows 7 operating system in my PC and i have recently update the VLC player with version 1.3.0 and after installing the VLC player 1.3.0 in my computer when I tried to open the player at that time it does nothing. I don't know what went wrong but this problem is really irritating for me. Please tell me what should I do to solve this problem?


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Northern Passages v2
I had recently switched to Textpattern, but after a week of beating it an inch along at a time, I switched back to WordPress. I updated to the newest nightly, and played around with Kubrick.
In the process of moving programs I deleted my old WordPress database (didn't think I'd need it) so the site is low on content for the moment.
I'm looking for a critique if any of you have a moment, could use some feedback and suggestions.


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Doug Magwood eBooks
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Heart and Spirit Reborn: A Fan's Journal of the 2010-2011 Toronto Maple Leafs
Doug Magwood
Trafford Publishing, October 2011
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In many ways, the PB&J typifies the Belichick mantra. Both look disgusting, yet it's not always about appearances. Both provide nourishment, be it for the tummies of third graders or the ego of Bill Simmons. And neither of them have their original first-round draft pick in the '08 draft.
Cooking With Bill Belichick [PatsFans]


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Some Harry Potter fans have found pages missing from their copies of "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows."
Scholastic Incorporated, the book's publisher, says a few hundred of the 12 million copies of the book are reported to have pages missing.
The gaps have left hardcore Potter fans rushing to exchange them and some are keeping them as souvenirs of the book's epic release.
Officials at Scholastic said that with such a massive printing, a few problems were probably unavoidable. Eight-point-three million copies of the final installment of J-K Rowling's fantasy series sold in the first 24 hours.
Scholastic spokeswoman Sara Sinek says that as of today, the company has only heard of "a few hundred" instances of books with missing pages. She also said Scholastic is happy to replace any book with a defect and advised customers to take defective books back to the place where they were purchased.
But by this morning, several copies of the misprinted books were offered for sale on eBay, with opening bids as high as $30.


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Add the finishing touch to those western duds. Measures 21" x 21". Read More
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Sweep and Dash 02 by SheldonChungWatch
©2013-2016 SheldonChung
100 % Hand-painted Oil on Canvas
Size: 60x50 cm*2 panels + 30x90 cm *2 panels
Size: 60x50 cm*2 panels + 30x90 cm *2 panels
realy nice.....
THIS IS OIL?! nice lines
great composition and color
This piece works, whether it's 'mass produced' generic/formulaic abstract expressionism or not. It looks like the kind of 'corporate office decoration' you might see in some swanky modern business lobby. I had a brief look at the others and this one really stood out for me.
fantastic composition and vision. I am in awe
You are a great artist.
So lovely.
Fantastic work.
I Love It.
Fantastic work.
I Love It.
I really love the way you use multiple canvases to create one piece--it's a gorgeously executed idea
This is spectacular, love the vibrant color combinations, and it says "motion" and screams "life" to me. My wife says I have make room to (get rid of) before we buy it. But Am very attached to our artwork.
You are an amazing artist and your work is very beautiful. I hope to contact you as soon as we work out the lack of a place to mount this.
Keep up the great work!
- fan of your work,
I've always contemplated using a multitude of canvases to create depth. I really like your work! Keep it up!
If only I could afford this (heavy sigh), but Thank You and congrats on the DD.
Looks very much wowish
AMAZING!!! Great job!
this is spectacular!! congrats on the DD, really awesome work
Really dynamic !
Very nice composition.
Very nice composition.
Brilliant!!!! Love it!
That was great
Very nice work! Congrats on the DD


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May 27, 2016
Jackson, Miss.
Mississippi Power Co. says a key part of its $5.5 billion Kemper County power plant is operational.
The unit of Atlanta-based Southern Co. announced Thursday that it has put three power generating turbines into commercial operation burning natural gas piped to the east Mississippi plant, even as Mississippi Power works complete parts of the plant that will turn lignite coal into synthetic gas.
The company says starting the turbines now is required by accounting rules and will allow it to capture tax benefits while providing power to customers.
Gasifying coal and extracting chemicals are what has made the plant so expensive. Critics have said Mississippi Power should have built a conventional natural gas plant, but the company has said it fears fluctuations in gas prices.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


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Calf Implant Q&A
Risk + Calf Implant
Calf Augmentation and Risks of Implant Movement
I have been wanting calf implants for a while, but have been concerned with the long term risks, mainly with playing contact sports and doing... READ MORE
Calf Implants; Unsure of the Asymmetry?
Recently i had calf implants. i had two on each leg. i love the result and yes the implants are the "right" size for me. my doctor did say... READ MORE
Advice Needed About Where to Get Surgery?
I am from Italy and am travelling to America for calf implant surgery, so far I am considering 2 options to stay in Vienna, Virginia or Miami. I have... READ MORE
I was born with large, muscular calves that prohibit me from wearing boots/certain clothes. What are my best reduction options?
What are the biggest risks? What are reasonable results? What is the average downtime? READ MORE
Is there an age that is too young for calf implants?
I am 22 years old, and was curious about if age poses risk. Thank you. READ MORE


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Over spring break, I did something a little different than most of my fellow exchange students. I had an awesome opportunity to serve the community. I went on a weeklong school trip to South Carolina to volunteer for Habitat for Humanity, which is dedicated solely to building houses. We helped with flooring and decking. This was one of the most productive and best weeks of my exchange year so far. Through this trip, I gained a lot.Read more
I went to a leadership camp with other exchange students in Mercersburg, Pennsylvania—near where I live. Before going to the camp, I had expected to learn how to communicate with different people, cultures, and perspectives and learn leadership skills as well as teamwork. Luckily, all my expectations came true. We took a test to determine our personality types and then divided into two groups that did an activity.Read more
One number for every question, including 24-hour emergency assistance 800.555.6211
PAX - Program of Academic Exchange
14 Willett Avenue
Port Chester, NY USA 10573


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Was OFHEO Chief's Fate Sealed by A GSE Deal?
Garver, Rob, American Banker
When the Bush administration announced plans last week to replace Armando Falcon Jr. as the chief regulator of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, most people figured the government-sponsored mortgage firms had used their considerable political influence to arrange his ouster.
While there is little doubt that the GSEs were gunning for Mr. Falcon, the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight director created his own problems within the administration by pursuing an increasingly activist agenda.
The beginning of the end for him may have been a late-summer meeting in room 180 of the Eisenhower Executive Office Building. Senior White House and administration officials met to discuss a rule that OFHEO had proposed to implement a headline-grabbing agreement under which Fannie and Freddie pledged to comply with the registration and disclosure requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934.
Under the July 12 deal, the GSEs would register their equity securities with the Securities and Exchange Commission and would make the same financial disclosures as other publicly traded companies. (Fannie and Freddie are exempt from the securities laws enacted in 1933 and 1934.) The deal, produced by intense negotiations among the Treasury Department, the SEC, and the two GSEs, was seen as a big win for the administration, including Treasury Under Secretary for Domestic Finance Peter Fisher.
For the deal to work, OFHEO needed to issue a rule allowing the SEC to assume enforcement authority over GSE disclosures. In exchange for accepting SEC authority over disclosures, the GSEs were assured that they would not have to register their mortgage-backed securities.
But according to an internal OFHEO memorandum obtained by American Banker, the agency had not expected to be relegated to providing a rubber stamp for the transmission of GSE disclosures to the SEC. As late as the first week of July senior OFHEO personnel expected the final deal to require Fannie and Freddie to submit their registration and disclosures directly to OFHEO.
Furthermore, it was also exploring the possibility of a modified form of registration for the GSEs' debt securities -- a move that Fannie and Freddie adamantly opposed.
Presented with a deal that would not only have given enforcement authority over GSE disclosures to the SEC but might also head off the possibility of increased disclosure for debt securities, Mr. Falcon balked.
"Some players came to the table with the impression that OFHEO was a weak regulator and would simply roll over," said K. Philippa "Pippa" Malmgren, a former member of the White House National Economic Council who participated in the discussions. "When they didn't, there was some surprise."
As that negotiations progressed, it became clear that OFHEO would not give up potential new disclosure requirements for Fannie's and Freddie's debt, and the issue was removed from the negotiations with an agreement to relegate it to a study. (The study, released Feb. 3, did not recommend that GSE debt be registered, but it did suggest a number of increased disclosures for mortgage-backed securities, which Fannie and Freddie endorsed.)
Administration officials and executives at the GSEs cut a deal on the remaining issues. But when negotiators assembled in the executive office building a few weeks later, they found the rule that OFHEO had submitted to the Office of Management and Budget had not made the wholesale delegation of authority to the SEC.
According to individuals familiar with the proceedings, participants were worried that the rule, as written, did not fully transfer the necessary authority to the SEC -- and left OFHEO with more jurisdiction over GSE disclosures than negotiators expected. …


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Sometimes it's a solid day, and sometimes it's all about stripes. The Norr�na /29 Reversible Beanie understands. While the beanie reverses from solid to stripe, the merino wool naturally regulates your head temperature.
- Reviews
What do you think about this product?
Have questions about this product?
- Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
Great hat, good volume, super warm and comfy + who could hate euro-trash colors this dope!
Yarn gauge not as thick as the old logo beanies, but hat is longer and stretchier -- which is a nice plus.
The feature that is hidden
- Familiarity: I've used it once or twice and have initial impressions
I love these wool beanies. What you can't see in the pictures is the reverse sides of the new ones have the Logo Norrona spanning the inside of the beanie. This model is exactly the same as last years other than the colors. The color is just as vibrant as on the picture. This is a lighter weight beanie, probably not suitable for colder endeavors but good for cool weather down to the mid 20's in my past experience. I love this beanie and will probably keep buying them for years to come. I wish norrona would have one beanie that is a little thicker like their old logo beanie, but lets see what they come up with in the future.
My favorite beanie
- Familiarity: I've used it several times
Looks good on both sides, and is a little bit "longer" than many beanies. Warm and soft, what more can you wish for?
Blue 2
Another winner
I have to give norrona some props for this one. Another great beanie, super plush merino wool and a great pattern. The wool is soft to the skin and flexes nice. The reversible nature of this one is nice with different styles to mix. The colors are true to the picture above. This one is a little bit thinner than last years model fo the logo beanie, I think that might be true for all of the beanies I have come across this year. Other than that great color great look and incredibly comfortable. I can't wait for some powder.


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Update on ZhannaZhanna is still running her trading business. Thanks to her business she was able to pay for her son's education and to repair her apartment; also she supports her family with business income. Now Zhanna's son has a job and he helps his mother to support their family.
Zhanna used her first Kiva loan to buy a large lot of swimsuits to resell. Now she is also asking for a $ 3,000 loan to buy men's and women's swimsuits and underclothes to resell.
Previous Loan DetailsZhanna was born in 1950 in Bolnisi city, Georgia. When she was 20 years old she decided to move from Georgia to Armenia. Zhanna is separated and now she lives with her 23-year-old son, who she brought up without any assistance. For more than 24 years Zhanna worked as an accountant but she always... More from Zhanna's previous loan »
Additional Information
About "Nor Horizon"
"Nor Horizon" UCO LLC is committed to promoting poverty alleviation in Armenia by providing high-quality financial and other business development services to enterprising individuals in under-served rural and urban markets who have a strong will to establish and develop their own small-scale businesses. Originally created as the Armenian micro credit program of Oxfam (Great Britain) in late 1995, "Nor Horizon" LLC has been licensed under supervision of the Central Bank of Armenia since early 2006.
For more information about "Nor Horizon," please visit the partner page or website.
To stay updated on loans from Armenia, please join the Armenia lending team at http://www.kiva.org/team/armenia.
Concurrent and Successive Loans
Our Field Partners often work with borrowers over a series of loans as the borrowers build credit, take out bigger loans, and expand their businesses. In order to make it easier for our Field Partners to post loans for borrowers who have been listed on Kiva before, we allow them to post successive and concurrent loans for their Kiva borrowers. This means that our Field Partners are able to post a borrower's second, third, etc., loan on Kiva without having to re-enter all of the borrower's information.
This borrower has been listed on Kiva before, so you'll see an updated loan description, as well as excerpts of the original descriptions from earlier loans. Most borrowers take out loans consecutively, meaning that they receive a second loan after having repaid the first. However, sometimes our Field Partners give out concurrent loans, allowing borrowers to take out one primary loan and a secondary "add-on" loan along with it. These "add-on" loans are typically smaller than the borrower's primary loan and serve a different purpose. Because Field Partners can now post loans as successive and concurrent loans, you will be able to track borrower progress over time and see the various ways a borrower is working with our Field Partners through funds from Kiva's lenders.
About Armenia
172View loans »
US Dollars
Success!! The loan was 100% repaid
- Repayment Term
- 20 months (Additional Information)
- Repayment Schedule
- Monthly
- Pre-Disbursed:
- Jun 26, 2012
- Listed
- Jul 9, 2012
- Currency Exchange Loss:
- Ended:
- Feb 28, 2013