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Jesmond is sending this viral
Jesmond students are making a valiant attempt at kickstarting a new viral sensation – "milking".
The fun starts with buying your milk, the bigger the better, and proceeding to stand or even sit in a formal location followed by emptying the contents on your head from a height. Again, the higher the better.
The craze is very typical of this time of year with assignments looming and third years becoming increasingly immature with the realisation that graduation is on the horizon.
900 views in a day is not bad going.
Even if you're a simple fan of puns there are some good, albeit predictable ones as comments.


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Bon Secours Express Care
Minor Care
Bon Secours Express Care offers minor care services in downtown
Greenville. Located at the intersection of McBee and Brown Streets,
(beside the CVS pharmacy on Main Street) Bon Secours Express Care offers
quality urgent care provided by experienced Nurse Practitioners. No
appointment is necessary, but you may call ahead to reserve an
75 East McBee Avenue | Greenville
Hours of Operation
Monday - Saturday: 10 am - 6 pm
Sunday: 1 pm - 5 pm
Bon Secours Express Care provides treatment to injuries or conditions that are non-life-threatening. If you have an emergency, call 911 or proceed directly to the nearest Emergency Room.
Emergency Rooms
St. Francis has Level II Emergency Rooms on the campuses of both ST. FRANCIS downtown and ST. FRANCIS eastside. They are staffed with Emergency Medicine specialists around the clock, and surgeons and anesthesiologists also are available 24 hours a day. Intensive Care Units are available at both hospitals.

subset: commoncrawl


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Skip to comments.Brisket with those latkes? The secret is the right cut, slow cooked
Posted on 12/14/2011 1:58:04 PM PST by DemforBush
Brisket, a staple of the Hanukkah meal, too often ends up tough, tasteless and gray.
But turning this culinary catastrophe into a winner is quite simple.
When guests at my restaurant try my version of brisket, they are amazed that it is the same cut of meat that they grew up "not eating!" To make this recipe, it helps to have a smoker, but it isn't necessary. All you need is patience (it takes a long time to cook) and to buy the right cut of meat...
(Excerpt) Read more at dailynews.com ...
I loves me some potato pancakes, though. My German grandma used to make them for us, though I should point out hers weren't even *remotely* Kosher, as she added crispy fried bacon to hers!
I'm sorry, but I don't understand how I am going to have any beer left for the brisket...
a long cooking time (8-10 hours) at a low temp (200 degrees) would make even shoe leather edible.
I don't trim my brisket either. I mix up my own rub and pat it on top then wrap the brisket in tin foil and cook in the oven at 250 degrees for 4-5 hours. It is tasty, moist and you can cut it with a fork.
Come to Texas and try real brisket. lol.
Easy Texas Beef Brisket:
INGREDIENTS: 3-4 lbs. boneless beef brisket 1 bottle chili sauce 1 can Coke 1 packet dry onion soup mix
Preheat oven to 300 degrees Combine chili sauce, Coke and soup mix.
Place brisket in a foil-lined baking pan. Pour sauce mixture over brisket and cover with another sheet of foil sealing edges.
Bake for 3 to 4 hours until tender. Carve brisket against the grain and serve juices in the pan as a sauce.
I've had some very good and tender brisket at bbq joints, which confirms that slow cooking is the key. Now, before any bbq experts get upset, I'm not saying it's real bbq, because obviously it's not pork. I am saying that if it's cooked right it's very tasty and worth ordering if you're at a good bbq joint and want to try something a little different.
They're not.
Arby's French Dip? That's an ATROCITY right there. I once had it and gagged. If you know what a GREAT French Dip sandwich from the original source, Philippe's in L.A., is like then the Arby's so-called French Dip sandwich will also make you gag.
Braise the Red. Boil the Grey. Made 25 lbs of each last St. Paddy's Day. The braised Red looked so good it was a shame to slice it. Put a little Red Wine vinigar in the foil. I also give up meat for Lent. I'm in the church kitchen for 4 hours with them cooking. God what a great smell. Pure torture.
Good thing I didn't give up wine.
You have never had corned beef or pastrami? Both are made from brisket.
I've been playing around trying to make NY style pastrami from scratch (which is a 3 week process). The cooking technic is key. we smoke it at 220 degrees until 160 internal, then bake/steam it in the oven at 220 degrees (roasting pan with about 1" water, covered)until it reaches
180 internal. It is so moist and tender and delicious! I've got 2 in the brine now, ready to cook for new years eve!
Best brisket I ever had was in Denton,TX...smoked of course.
I don't have a smoker, but was recently turned on to the oven/turkey bag technique.
Marinade or dry rub of choice.
325 degrees for about 3 hours, pull and glaze, 1/2 hour more. It melts.
I use 1/2 cup each of soy sauce and worchester sauce, dash of lemon juice, 2 or 3 chopped garlic gloves, teaspoon of onion powder, pinch of celery powder and a very light pinch of nutmeg (sounds weird but trust me)
Glaze is same as above, adding some ketchup and brown sugar to thicken it up a little.
Later read
"You have never had corned beef or pastrami?"'
Nope. I did have some corned beef lunchmeat shaved from the round once (i.e. the super lean stuff). But I've never had "real" corned beef or any kind of pastrami.
Isn't Corned beef a brisket?
I've gotten to love corned beef, prepared correctly. Add Cabbage, potatoes, onions.
I'm drooling thinking about it.
No, and rump roast is not kosher. Typically, anymore, anything further back than the 12th rib are not labeled as kosher. Although, if the sciatic nerve and branches have been adequately removed along with forbidden fats, they would be. There are a few skilled butchers who can perform nikkur aharayim, but not many in the US and sure as heck none near me - darn it!
"Brisket, a staple of the Hanukkah meal, too often ends up tough, tasteless and gray."
Sounds like some observant Jews need to make a lunch stop in down in Texas. Hannukkah will never be the same when they take some Texas brisket recipes home. The days of tasteless and gray will be long gone.
I think they come from different ends of the cow!
Well then your offically invited to my place for new years!
Just bring your appetite!
st patti's day bump
I think his recipe calls for it to be cooked to fast. I cook mine between 200-225 for many hours. Sometimes 12-14 hours. I smoke mine. And they are fantastic that way.
from my trip to Louie Mueller Barbecue in Taylor Texas
Possibly the best I have ever had, and I live in Central Texas
I made this recipe with cross cut shank last week. Best $2.99lb beef I've ever eaten....
Looks delicious: Thanks! I printed the recipe and will definitely check it out!
Since you made this, can you tell me what "caster" sugar is? Will regular sugar do?
Nope. But I think it is too low. It would cook just aw well and be just as tender at 5 hours at 275 degrees.
All this food and I can only have clear liquids until tomorrow.
I don't know about brisket but the dry rub made by these guys is really good. The ones I have tried.
At least I think this is the right company....
Sounds good to me, FRiend! :-)
Makes me want to get a smoker and figure out how to use it.
Best is over in Tioga at Clark's Outpost.
In dry Grayson County.
Looks right to me, thanks for the link FRiend!
I need to quit screwing around and get a smoker LOL.
Hello Kittenclaws . . . Caster Sugar is very similar to superfine . . . enjoy your brisket.
trim the large parts of fat away put your rub on and put it on your smoker ( I use a water smoker at 250*) then start drinking the beer while watching the fire, when the six pack is done take the meat out and eat
The next time I head down to Denton to visit my cousin I might have to make a little detour. They do mail order btw.
Nice bark.
~~FReeper Kitchen Ping~~
Originaly being from Texas , I have a smoker and make my own pastrami . I also make turkey pastrami . Good stuff .
Someone mentioned French Dip. Best is Brennan and Carr in Brooklyn.
I found a ready to cook corned beef at Sams Club. It's the brisket with pickling spice. Three hours in boiling water. Delish.
Brisket is cooked two different ways. The Texas way and the NYC way. Everything else is a poor imitation.
Yes , corned beef is made from the brisket cut .
I wish I could have my sciatic nerve removed. Causes enough pain for two people.
"Caster sugar" is british for "superfine". I just use granulated.
Yum. That looks like my cousins brisket. I love a well cooked brisket. Famous Daves has good brisket.
French Dip sounds really good forgot about that way ...
I smoke mine at 200 , low and slow . I only smoke for 5-6 hours , pull and wrap in foil with extra rub ,Jack Daniels , maybe some left over mop , and put it in the oven at 190 for several hours . After that I do the FTC treatment , Foil , Towel , Cooler . I line a cooler with a beach towel , and preheat the cooler with a teapot . I then wrap extra foil to the meat to make sure juices don't leak out , place in cooler , and wrap with towel , shut lid and forgrt about it . I have hauled brisket , pork butt , ribs , over the rockies and to parties serving juicey , hot meat at my liesure . Works every time .
So amazingly smokey, tender, and juicy!!!!
BTW, celebrity chef & professional a$$h*le Anthony Bourdain rated OK Joes as one of the ten restaurants on planet earth you must eat at before you die.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


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Private guided tours
Key info
- Tour duration: 90 minutes
- Price: from £100
- Choose from Rainforest or Mediterranean Biome, or Chocolate-flavoured
- 'Gardener for a Day' experiences also available
You can choose from three different themed private guided tours, one specialist guided tour, and our Become a gardener for a day experience.
Rainforest Biome private guided tour
Explore the largest rainforest in captivity. Find out how rainforests keep us alive and how to help conserve them. Explore a smallholding that grows cocoa for chocolate, compare the Malaysian back garden to your own and look out for the huge trading ship.
- Price for two people (including Annual Pass to Eden): £100
- Tour length: 90 minutes
- All tours are subject to availability and a minimum of four days' notice will be required on tour requests
Mediterranean Biome private guided tour
Experience sights, scents and stories from the Mediterranean, South Africa and California. Take a journey from olive groves to flowers born of fire, heavenly scents to fallen gods, cowboys to cork, ancient cultures to new futures.
- Price for two people (including Annual Pass to Eden): £100
- Tour length: 90 minutes
- All tours are subject to availability and a minimum of four days' notice will be required on tour requests
'Chocolate-flavoured' Rainforest private tour
Cocoa trees, the source of chocolate, originally grew wild in Central and Latin America. The Aztecs and Mayans liked their cocoa brewed up with spices – the original hot chocolate! Take a journey around our Rainforest finding out about its secrets from the Tropical Islands to the Amazon. Explore our small holding of Cocoa tress where you will discover a deliciously dark tale of conquest, love and trade, then finally brew up a cup of the original hot chocolate Aztec style!
- Price for two people (including tasting and Annual Pass to Eden): £125
- Tour length: 90 minutes
- All tours are subject to availability and a minimum of four days' notice will be required on tour requests.
This tour really is the perfect way to get to know one of Britain's great destinations a little better, as well as providing an insight into what life in the rainforests might have been like 100s of years ago... It was also great fun to learn the story of chocolate!
Online review
How to book your private guided tour
Tours are available to book at 10am or 1pm throughout the year and at 9.30am only during August.
To check availability and make a booking, please email firstname.lastname@example.com or call Carol on 01726 811903.
You will be met in the Visitor Centre at the main entrance of the Eden Project by one of our experienced guides who will then take you on your chosen 90-minute tour. The price also includes an Annual Pass to the Eden Project.
Gardener for the Day
A unique opportunity to spend the day working alongside Eden's horticultural team in our world famous gardens and Biomes. Designed as an exclusive session for either one person or two booking together, this is a hands-on, behind-the-scenes experience giving you the chance to pick up tips and techniques from our gardeners.
The day includes:
- Time in the Rainforest Biome, for example harvesting tropical fruits and spices while helping to tend the Malaysian home garden.
- An optional trip up to the top of the Rainforest Biome for an aerial view.
- Planting tender vegetables or harvesting citrus fruits in the Mediterranean Biome, depending on the season. You may also get the opportunity to tend olives in the olive terraces or prune grape vines in the vineyard.
- Outdoor gardening, such as sowing seeds, pruning trees and shrubs, mulching borders or harvesting fruit and vegetables. Plus a trip to our compost yard.
- Lunch and refreshments, including a cuppa with the gardeners.
- A gift to take home, plus a certificate.
What people say:
"I just wanted to say thank you so much for organising a fantastic day for my mum; she hasn't stopped talking about her day with the gardeners since she got back! I am so pleased she had a wonderful time." - Jade Oliver, who arranged a gardener for a day experience for her mother
Prices and dates
We are offering this Gardener for the Day experience on Thursdays and Fridays. The experience costs £99 for one person, including lunch and refreshments, and is currently available to over 18s only. We are also offering the experience for two people to book together for a total of £175.
How to book the experience
To arrange a date for the experience that suits you, to buy a gift experience, or for any practical queries, please complete our booking form.


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|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Número de solicitud
|Fecha de publicación
|1 Abr 2003
|Fecha de presentación
|4 Dic 2001
|Fecha de prioridad
|4 Dic 2000
|También publicado como
|Número de publicación
|Amos Korin
|Cesionario original
|Amos Korin
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (39), Citada por (28), Clasificaciones (18), Eventos legales (5)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
The present application is claiming priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/251,207, which was filed on Dec. 4, 2000, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/257,031, which was filed on Dec. 21, 2000.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a hybrid heat pump system and, more particularly, to a heat pump system that utilizes a combination of a conventional heat pump and a membrane permeator flow device for conditioning gas, preferably air, within an either enclosed or open space before the gas is treated by the heat pump.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Humidity has an effect upon a building. As humidity increases, so does the presence of bacteria, mold and mildew. Therefore, having an ability to control humidity and lower its level will contribute to an elimination of microorganism propagating environments. For example, refrigeration air conditioner systems in humid environments are often inadequate with respect to acceptable humidity control, with or without refrigeration incorporated therein. In wet or damp environments refrigeration air conditioner systems utilizing refrigerant cooled air coils are often overtaxed and their efficiency adversely affected. Humidity control becomes an important factor, not only as related to human comfort, health and structural deterioration, etc., but also as to adequacy of dehumidification and its efficient application.
A heat pump is a system that utilizes a thermodynamic process for taking thermal energy from a low temperature heat source and releasing it at higher temperature utilizing an input of energy from another source. A significant problem with heat pumps is that under certain circumstances an outdoor coil will, during a heating mode of operation, have frost accumulate thereon. Efficient operation of the system requires that sufficient heat be transferred from air flowing through an outdoor heat exchanger to maintain adequate capacity to meet a heating demand in a comfort zone. If the outdoor ambient air temperature is less than approximately 32° F., frost and ice may accumulate on the heat exchanger, blocking air flow therethrough to such an extent that its capacity for heat transfer is reduced below that required to meet the heating demand in the comfort zone. As the frost thickness increases, the overall efficiency of the system decreases dramatically, and energy is wasted. Accordingly, many schemes have heretofore been proposed for detecting the frost and for taking corrective action for removing the frost from the outdoor coil. Examples of prior art systems include U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,170,304, 3,170,305, 3,400,553, 4,373,349, 4,102,389, 4,209,994, 4,406,133 and 5,507,154.
Two significant factors that determine a rate of accumulation of frost on an outdoor coil during the system-heating mode are relative humidity and temperature of the outdoor air. Some prior art systems have attempted to solve the defrost problem by programming a fixed length of time of running a compressor before initiation of a defrost mode of operation based on an assumed value of outdoor air temperature. It has been a common practice to activate a reversing valve and remove heat from the system, "dumping" the heat into the outdoor coil to melt the ice. The equipment has usually been left in this defrost mode until the coil temperature reached 75° F. This causes a serious waste of energy. Also, the defrost action is frequently accomplished by reversing the main system to a "cooling" mode. This causes relatively hot refrigerant to be directed to the outdoor coil to melt the accumulated frost. However, this also causes cooling of the controlled building which is in turn typically offset by a use of high cost, lower-efficiency, electric resistance heating. Again, energy is wasted.
The accumulation of frost on evaporator coils of either a home or commercial refrigerator has been recognized as a problem for many years. To overcome the problem, defrost systems have been developed, some of which have been commercially successful. Examples of prior art systems include U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,084,520, 3,126,716, 3,499,295, 4,122,687, 5,406,805 and 5,867,994. Solutions suggested in these patents include additional heating, a dual evaporator or changes in air circulation.
The addition of heat to the system thus utilizes energy to melt ice on the coils and energy to cool the refrigerator to the extent of heat added by the heating coils. Thus, there is a substantial increase in energy requirements in the defrost step and in the subsequent cooling step, as a result of using heating for defrosting the evaporator coils.
Systems with two evaporator coils alternately cool the air passing therethrough. Such systems require complex valving for the refrigeration fluid and add some heat from the refrigeration fluid to the defrost coils.
In a system that change air circulation, a refrigeration unit has a defrost system that defrosts the evaporator coil by passing warmer air across the evaporator coil to heat the defrosting air. Although such a system offers an improvement, it still consumes additional energy.
Desiccation is a process of removing vapor of one or more liquids out of a gas containing the vapor, resulting in vapor depleted or dry gas. Usually this is done by adsorption material such as zeolites or silica gel. However it can be done by absorption, for example, absorption of water vapor by sulfuric acid.
To overcome the moisture problem in refrigeration, several inventors have suggested hybridization of a heat pump with a desiccation system. U.S. Pat. No. 4,941,324 describes a hybrid air conditioning system that simultaneously dehumidifies and cools air using standard vapor-compression equipment and aqueous solutions of liquid desiccant. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,700,550, 5,517,828, 5,551,245 and 5,816,065 describe hybrid air pump systems that combine solid desiccation systems mostly in the form of a rotatable moisture transfer wheel with desiccant material, and a rotatable heat exchange wheel with heat pumps that include an evaporator, compressor, condenser and metering device operatively coupled by a refrigerant circulating line for evaporation of refrigerant and transfer of heat to the refrigerant.
Using desiccant systems for removing moister from the processed gas or air is subject to several limitations. The process of dehumidification with desiccant adds heat to a column of air being treated, it being desirable to remove this heat before it reaches the refrigeration cooling coil. The process of dehumidifying with desiccant requires the regeneration or strengthening of a weakened moisture laden desiccant. This process requires an application of heat to the desiccant material and requires either alternating desiccation regeneration cycles or use of a mechanically cumbersome desiccant wheel.
A membrane is a semi permeable barrier capable of selectively permeating certain constituents our of fluid mixture. A membrane permeator is a self contained assembly of membrane packaging, including all required housings and piping components, capable of rendering perm selective separation of a fluid mixture.
A membrane separation method for removing water vapor in gases is a method in which a gas containing water vapor is contacted to one side of a vapor permselective membrane assembly, and a dry gas is contacted to the other side of the membrane. The water vapor is selectively permeated and separated through the membrane. In principle, it has merits over other methods such that running cost is low, the structure of the apparatus is simple, and dry air can continuously be obtained without polluting the air.
As a vapor permselective membrane for permeability of water vapor, an ion exchange membrane as well as a dehumidifying method using such membrane have been proposed by U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,735,558 and 4,909,810. Hollow fiber membrane-based dehydration is also known. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,783,201, 4,725,359, 4,718,921, 4,497,640, 4,583,996 and 3,511,031. U.S. Pat. No. 4,900,626 discloses a hollow composite fiber for dehydration having a polydimethylsiloxane coating on a dense layer of the fiber support.
Although membranes have been used in various separation applications, their use for heat pump systems has been limited. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,152,901 and 5,873,260 propose to improve an absorption heat pump by using of semipermeable membrane and pervaporation membrane respectively. U.S. Pat. No. 4,467,621 proposes to improve vacuum refrigeration by using sintered metal porous membrane, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,946,931 describes a cooling evaporative apparatus using a microporous PTFE membrane.
There is a need for a versatile multi-use dehumidifier unit adapted to pre-condition air in conjunction with a refrigeration air conditioning system. In such a dehumidifier unit, optimum humidity is attained in differing climatic conditions and operates efficiently either alone or in combination with the refrigeration air conditioning system.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel membrane desiccation heat pump system that is useful for various application such as cooling, chilling, heating and air conditioning, and that is low cost efficient and simple to maintain.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a hybrid heat pump system, which has an energy economy and an efficiency better than other kind of heat pumps. One important feature of the present invention resides in the fact it employs a process that is carried out without an addition of costly heat energy from an external source.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a hybrid heat pump for an air conditioning system, and for heating and cooling, that permits a greater degree of independent control of temperature and humidity for achieving parameter levels in desired regions of a comfort zone.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a versatile dehumidification system adaptable to efficient operation in diverse climatic conditions, in combination with an air refrigeration system. A feature of such an air pre-conditioner unit when combined with an air-conditioned refrigeration system is increased efficiency of the refrigeration system.
It is still a further object of the present invention to provide a hybrid heat pump system capable of working in a reverse mode for heating operation with a frost free heat taking capability from a low temperature heat source under diverse temperature and moisture conditions.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a hybrid heat pump-based liquid chilling and heating reverse cycle chilling (RCC) process system usable for various applications.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a frost-free refrigeration system operating at a low cost and high reliability, both for commercial and domestic applications.
These and other objects of the present invention are achieved by a hybrid heat pump system. The system includes (i) a membrane perneator having a permselective membrane capable of selectively removing vapor from a vapor-containing gas to yield a dry gas, (ii) a heat pump having (a) an internal side for exchanging thermal energy with a process fluid, (b) an external side for exchanging thermal energy with an external environment, and (c) a thermodynamic mechanism for pumping thermal energy between the internal side and the external side in either direction, (iii) means for conveying the vapor-containing gas into the membrane permeator, and (iv) means for routing the dry gas to either of the internal side or the external side.
The present invention also contemplates a method for treating vapor-containing gas. The method includes the steps of (i) selectively removing vapor from the gas, to yield a dry gas, using a membrane permeator having a vapor permselective membrane, (ii) bringing the dry gas in contact with either of (a) an external side of a heat pump, or (b) an internal side of the heat pump, wherein the internal side exchanges thermal energy with a process fluid, and wherein the external side exchanges thermal energy with an external environment; and (iii) employing a thermodynamic process to pump thermal energy between the internal side and the external side.
The present invention relates to a hybrid heat pump for use in association with a gaseous flow system adapted to move a gaseous process fluid such as air, containing moisture vapor. The hybrid system includes a heat pump of any type unit used for either cooling or heating, combined with a moisture vapor membrane permeator, and means for passing the process fluid through the membrane permeator to dry the process fluid and substantially reduce the moisture vapor in the process fluid, vapor removal means for removing the concentrated vapor from the membrane permeator, thereby separating the vapor from the gaseous process fluid circulating in the system. The use of the membrane perneator substantially reduces a condensable load from a heat taking side of the heat pump and prevents accumulation of the condensable load on the heat taking side. Further, because of the use of the membrane permeator combined with the heating unit and/or the cooling heat pump in the unit, the heat pump can achieve a better thermal efficiency and better reliability of operation.
A feature and advantage of the present invention is that the hybrid heat pump permits operation under conditions of temperature and moisture with out using extra energy to handle such conditions. Thus, the present invention provides a very efficient heat pump for the purpose of either cooling or heating.
A principle component of the present invention is its employment of a membrane separation process for removal of vapor from a stream of carrier gas. Removal of the vapor from the gas stream is also the removal of the latent heat contained in this vapor thus providing the thermodynamic vehicle for the heat pump.
A membrane suitable for the present invention must be capable of an efficient and economical separation of vapor from the carrier gas. Such a membrane separator assembly may come in different shapes and forms. The following paragraphs describe features of a membrane assembly suitable for use for vapor separation in the present invention.
The membrane assembly may include one or more membrane units that could be assembled in any array, such as series, parallel, cascade or a membrane column. A membrane unit may be either a self-contained module or a combination of one or more membrane elements in a housing. A membrane element can be in any form of packaging of membrane area in a single item such as, but not limited to, module, cartridge, plate, etc.
The membrane could be solid or liquid, organic or inorganic, pre-made or dynamic, charged or uncharged, ionic or non-ionic, hydrophilic or hydrophobic, porous or dense, permeable, non-permeable or semi permeable. It could be polymeric, metallic, ceramic, carbon or glass. Membrane geometry could be in any form such as flat sheet, tubular, capillaries, hollow fibers or a monolith. A membrane element could be in any configuration such as hollow fiber module, hollow fiber plates, spiral wound module, plate and frame, pleated or folded cartridge, envelopes, bags, tubes and sheets, spiral tubes, candles or monolithic.
Vapor permeates through a membrane from a feed side of the membrane to a permeate side of the membrane. A flow pattern of either a feed-retentate side or a permeate side of the membrane in the membrane unit may be counter-current, co-current or both. It could be transverse flow, diagonal flow or random direction flow. It could be unidirectional or multi directional. It could be one pass or multi pass. Either flow could be on any side of the membrane in the element configurations.
Removal of the permeating vapor from the membrane unit may be direct or may be facilitated by means such as reflux flow, either internal or external, vacuum and/or condensation. It could be a sweep stream that may be of gas or liquid. Such a sweep stream may be inert or reactive, i.e., having either physical or chemical affinity toward the permeating vapor.
A membrane for vapor separation from gas especially dehydration is preferably capable of removing water vapor from the feed gas to a desired dew-point, the water vapor separation takes place with as little loss of feed gas to the permeate as possible and the process economically perform this separation. In other words, the membrane surface area required to perform a given water vapor separation should be as small as possible.
A driving force for a transport of vapor through the membrane is a partial pressure differential of the vapor across the membrane. Therefore, a partial pressure of water vapor in a gas leaving as permeate from a membrane module cannot exceed a partial pressure of water vapor in a feed gas entering the membrane module. In most cases, the partial pressure of water in a gas at saturation is very low. Therefore, the partial pressure driving force for the vapor transport must be provided by one of three methods: (1) a sweep method, in which dry gas from an external source is swept proximate to the permeate side of the membrane; (2) a vacuum method, in which a vacuum is applied to the permeate side of the membrane; or (3) a dilution method, in which (a) the permeate is left at, for example, atmospheric pressure, but either a small percentage of the feed gas is allowed to permeate the membrane, diluting the water vapor content of the permeate, or (b) reflux of a part of the dry retentate into the permeate compartment. In all three cases, the driving force for the permeation of the vapor in the feed gas is provided by the vapor partial pressure difference between the feed and the permeate.
The hybrid heat pump can be constructed in several configurations. It may be either an open cycle or close cycle gas system, and it may be either an open cycle or close cycle liquid system. The system may be operated either in a cooling mode or in a heating mode. It may also determine both the temperature and the vapor content of the out put gas. Specifically, the hybrid heat pump may serve as a very efficient air condition system both for large sizes and small sizes, and it may be an excellent system for providing frost-free refrigeration for various applications.
As in any heat pump, the laws of thermodynamics govern the hybrid heat pump. It removes heat from a media at a low temperature and transfers it to a higher temperature by investing external energy into the process. However it performs its tasks more efficiently, owing to the reduced load of condensable vapor on the heat taking side of the heat pump.
Another major component of the membrane desiccation heat pump is the heat pump. The heat pump may be of a type from any of the following groups:
(a) a mechanical, e.g., compression refrigeration, heat pump such as a gas expansion cycle or a vapor compression cycle, single or multi-stage single or binary fluid cycles, scroll type, screw type, rotary type, swash plate type, Stirling type, Rankin cycle type, Brayton cycle type or Cascade refrigeration cycle;
(b) an absorption refrigeration heat pump, such as an intermittent cycle or continuous process;
(c) evaporative cooling refrigeration such as vacuum refrigeration or centrifugal compression system;
(d) a solid carbon dioxide process;
(e) a thermoelectric cooling element, e.g., an electronic heat pump; and
(f) a desiccant heat pump, a desiccant bed type, a desiccant wheel type or a liquid desiccant system.
Such a heat pump has an internal side that exchanges energy with the fluid to be processed, an external side, that exchanges energy with the outside ambient environment, and a thermodynamic mechanism to pump energy from one side to another in either direction.
The hybrid heat pump of the present invention works in either a cooling mode or a reverse heating mode. It can be utilized for air conditioning, chilling and heating, and commercial, domestic or industrial commercial and cryogenic applications. The hybrid heat pump serves as an excellent system for providing chilling or heating in reverse cycle chilling (RCC) for various applications.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a basic hybrid heat pump for air conditioning and refrigeration.
FIG. 2A is a diagram of mixed permeate flow mode in a membrane permeator.
FIG. 2B is a diagram of a co-current permeate flow mode in a membrane permeator.
FIG. 2C is a diagram of a counter-current permeate flow mode in a membrane permeator.
FIG. 3A is a diagram of a removal of permeate from a membrane permeator by vacuum.
FIG. 3B is a diagram of a removal of permeate from a membrane permeator by reflux.
FIG. 3C is a diagram of a removal of permeate from a membrane permeator by sweeping.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a dual mode hybrid heat pump.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a dual mode two-permeator hybrid heat pump.
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a hybrid heat pump for reverse cycle.
The following description makes reference to the annexed drawings. All drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Auxiliary equipment and conveying means, such as pumps, valves, heat exchangers, condensers, compressors, blowers, piping; ductwork, fittings and dampers either are not shown or are shown partially.
As used herein, the term "fluid" means a substances with no reference configuration of permanent significance, aggregate of matter in which molecules are able to flow past each other with out fracture planes forming. Subdivisions of fluids are gases vapors and liquids. The phrase "gaseous fluid" means a fluid where its volume is a function of pressure and its absolute temperature. All gaseous fluids approximately obey the ideal gas equation pv=nRT where p is pressure, v is volume, n is number of moles, R is the gas constant (0.082 liter atm/deg K) and T is absolute temperature.
FIG. 1 shows a hybrid heat pump according to the present invention. It is a basic hybrid heat pump for air conditioning or refrigeration. The principle components of the hybrid heat pump of FIG. 1 are a membrane permeator 2 having a vapor permselective membrane 3, and a heat pump 11. The function of heat pump 11 is to remove heat from a vapor-containing gas stream that is provided via a line 1 that comes from an end user 10.
In practice, line 1 can be provided from an enclosed space of end user 10. Such an enclosed space may be for example, an inner space of a building, a compartment of a refrigerator or an inner space of a refrigeration vehicle or a container. It may also be a chemical or industrial process.
The stream via line 1, which is pumped by an optional blower 6, may also come in whole or in part from an external source via a line 23. The external source can be an ambient atmosphere or any type of any gas pipeline.
The stream via line 1 enters membrane permeator 2, and permselective membrane 3 renders selective permeation of the vapor from line 1. Concentrated vapor 22 exits via port 4. Such a permeation process may be facilitated in any of the manners shown below in FIGS. 2A to 3C.
A vapor-depleted gas stream 5 flows into an enclosed casing 7 that contains an internal side 8 of heat pump 11. Internal side 8 is a heat-taking side. Examples of a heat-taking side are an evaporator of cycles such as either vapor compression or absorption types, a heat taking coil of a gas expansion cycle, a heat exchanger wheel of a desiccant heat pump, or a cold side of a thermoelectric cooling element. Internal side 8 cools vapor-depleted gas stream 5, and a chilled gas flows via a line 9 to end user 10. However, since a humidity level of vapor-depleted gas stream 5 is substantially reduced, either condensation or vapor is either eliminated or minimized on a cold surface of internal side 8 resulting in the following benefits:
(a) energy that otherwise would be wasted on condensation or freezing of vapor is saved;
(b) a heat transfer coefficient between vapor-depleted gas stream 5 and internal side 8 is kept high owing to a lack of frost or dew that would reduce it substantially;
(c) a lack of condensed moisture in an air conditioning system reduces bio-fouling and growth of microorganisms and mold in a duct system; and
(d) in a refrigeration system a requirement for defrosting is substantially reduced or eliminated, resulting in substantial saving in energy and cost owing to simplification of the system.
Heat pump 11 also includes a mechanism 13, such as a compressor and expansion valve in a mechanical refrigeration cycle, a generator in an absorption cycle, a flash evaporator in an evaporation cycle, a desiccation wheel in a desiccation cycle and a power supply in a thermoelectric cycle.
Another component of heat pump 11 is an external side 12, which is a heat-rejection side of heat pump 11. External side 12 disperses, in the form of thermal energy, a total energy of heat pump 11, i.e., thermal energy obtained at the internal side 8, which in a case of either a vapor compression cycle or an absorption cycle is represented by a refrigerant condenser, plus energy invested in the mechanism 13, to the environment.
Lines 14A and 14B convey refrigerant in most type of heat pumps. In thermoelectric heat pumps they convey electrons, i.e., electric current and in a solid desiccation heat pump the desiccant is conveyed by the rotation of a desiccant wheel from one side to another.
FIGS. 2A-2C show permeate flow within several alternate embodiments of membrane permeators suitable for use as membrane permeator 2.
FIG. 2A shows a membrane permeator 2A having a mixed permeate flow configuration. Permeate passes through a permselective layer of a permselective membrane 3A and then exits via a permeate exit 4A. All of a gas required to dilute a permeate stream comes from a feed gas. In mixed-flow, the gas, i.e., vapor and gas to be dried, on the permeate side of a given section of the membrane blends with the other gas that permeates other sections of the membrane in such a way that permeation through that section may be calculated according to the average permeate concentration. Such permeate flow typically occurs in spiral wound membrane module, transversal hollow fiber module and some plate and frame module.
FIG. 2B shows a membrane permeator 2B in which permeate flows in a co-current configuration. A permeate concentration is ever increasing as it flows down a permeate channel parallel to a feed side flow, through a permselective membrane 3B, and exits via a permeate exit 4B at a down stream end of membrane permeator 2B.
FIG. 2C shows a membrane permeator 2C in which permeate flows in a counter current configuration, which is usually more favorable than that of either the mixed or co-current configurations. As a more dilute permeate from a downstream side of membrane permeator 2C flows in a counter direction to a feed side flow, it cumulatively blends with permeate from preceding sections to lower their concentration and thereby increase a driving force across a permselective membrane 3C resulting in a higher permeate flux. The dilute permeate exits via permeate exit 4C, which is located at an upstream side of membrane permeator 2C.
FIGS. 3A-3C illustrate several techniques for facilitating higher permeate flow in a membrane permeator by lowering a vapor concentration on a permeate side of the membrane permeator.
FIG. 3A shows permeate removal by vacuum. This may be done either by a vacuum pumping means 17 that may be a vacuum pump or a steam injector. Having a condenser 15, of which a stream of condensate 16 exits, between permeator 2 and vacuum pumping means 17 reduces substantially the pump capacity requirements as vacuum pumping means 17 is used only to remove non-condensable gas. Energy consumption of vacuum pumping means 17 should be taken into account for calculating heat pump efficiency.
FIG. 3B shows a removal of permeate by counter current reflux. A partial stream 18 of dried gas, i.e., a reflux stream, is drawn from downstream of a retentate outlet and directed into a permeate channel. Energy investment here is in a form of compression energy invested in this reflux stream. A condenser 15 is used when the gas has to be recovered or when the condensation is to be used.
FIG. 3C shows dilution of a permeate stream by sweeping, using either a liquid or a gas sweep stream 20. An optional separator 19 may be a condenser, of which a stream of condensate 16 and a stream of liquid depleted sweeper 21 exits, if the sweep fluid is a gas. If the sweep stream is another liquid separator 19 may be any appropriate equipment capable of separating the two liquids such as by extraction crystallization or distillation.
FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment of FIG. 4 is a dual mode hybrid heat pump, i.e., a heating mode and a cooling mode. When a heat pump is employed in a heating mode it works in a reverse cycle, i.e., it pumps heat from a low-temperature environment and releases it to an end user. Thus internal side 8 and external side 12 switch functions as compared to that shown in FIG. 1. That is, in FIG. 4 external side 12 is a heat-taking side and internal side 8 is a heat rejection side.
Accumulation of ice on external side 12 is a major problem. This embodiment differs from the embodiment of FIG. 1 in that it enables a use of vapor-depleted gas stream 5 for dissipation of rejected heat from external side 12. Using tri-way valves 24, 25 and 27 enables switching of a routing of a dry gas, i.e., vapor-depleted gas stream 5, between modes.
In the cooling mode air is obtained from end user 10 via a line 29, blower 6A, line 26, and line 1 into membrane permeator 2. Dry gas, i.e., vapor-depleted gas stream 5, leaves permeator 2 via lines 36, 33 and 34, and enters enclosed casing 7. After chilling by internal side 8, a chilled gas goes to end user 10 via line 9.
In the reverse mode, i.e., heating mode, air from end user 10 goes via line 29, a blower 6A, lines 28 and 34 into casing 7. After being heated by internal side 8, which now acts as a heat rejection side for vapor-depleted gas stream 5, the air goes back to end user 10 via line 9. Ambient air enters line 23, to a blower 6B, to lines 35 and 1 into membrane permeator 2. Dry air from permeator 2 passes via lines 36 an 30 into a casing 32. Dry air, i.e., vapor-depleted gas stream 5, transfers heat to external side 12. Cold dry air is vented to the atmosphere via a line 31. Since external side 12 takes thermal energy from vapor-depleted gas stream 5 and not directly from ambient air, frosting of moisture on external side 12 is prevented, resulting in the following advantages:
(a) energy that otherwise would be wasted on condensation or freezing of vapor is saved;
(b) a heat transfer coefficient between vapor-depleted gas stream 5 and internal side 8 is kept high owing to lack of frost or dew that would reduce it substantially;
(c) lack of condensed moisture in an air conditioning. system reduces bio-fouling and growth of microorganisms and mold around external side 12; and
(d) a requirement for defrosting is substantially reduced or eliminated, resulting in substantial saving in energy and cost owing to simplification of the system.
FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of this invention as a dual mode two-permeator hybrid heat pump. The functions of this embodiment are similar to that of FIG. 4, however the embodiment in FIG. 5 uses two membrane permeators 2A and 2B, and a blower 6C for reverse heating mode of heat pump 11 to dry the air used for supplying thermal energy to external side 12.
Membrane permeator 2A is idle in the reverse heating mode and is circumvented by tri-way valves 24 and 25 and bypass line 28. In cooling mode permeator 2A is employed while permeator 2B is idle and tri-way valve 37 channels free ambient air flow from line 23 into casing 32 for dissipating the rejected heat from external side 12.
FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of a hybrid heat pump for a reverse cycle. This embodiment lends itself not only to gas heating and cooling but also to liquid heating and chilling. Fluid circulating in a loop of lines 29,33 and 9 may be either gas or liquid. This embodiment substantially increases efficiency of a reverse cycle chiller (RCC). Membrane permeator 2B is idle in a cooling mode. In a reverse heating mode permeator 2B provides dry air for the external side 12 thereby rendering all the benefits mentioned above for such mode of operation.
It should be understood that various alternatives and modifications of the present invention could be devised by those skilled in the art. The present invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances that fall within the scope of the appended claims.
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Year of fee payment: 4
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|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
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|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20150401


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Sarah Lawrence College is proud to announce that Joseph Giovannelli has assumed the position of Vice President for Finance and Operations. In a dual role, Giovannelli will serve as the Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer as well as have executive responsibility in Operations including facilities, capital projects, public safety, purchasing and auxiliary services. Giovannelli comes to Sarah Lawrence from New York University (NYU), where he served for the last nine years as the Associate Dean for Administration and Finance at NYU's Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development. Prior to his post at NYU, Giovannelli was the Vice President for Finance at Molloy College and before that, he was the Vice President for Finance and Administration at the Medical and Health Research Association of New York.
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Solving Problems with Calorimetry
Calculating the heat produced by a chemical or physical change involves measuring the temperature of a sample before and after the change.
Learning Objective
Explain a bomb calorimeter is used to measure heat evolved in a combustion reaction
Key Points
- Calorimetry is the science of measuring the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes. It involves measurements made with calorimeters.
- The heat of the reaction is the negative of the amount of heat gained by the calorimeter. The calorimeter may be made of more than one component, such as a bomb and a water bath.
- The amount of heat gained by the calorimeter is also a product of the heat capacity of the calorimeter and the change in temperature of the sample undergoing a chemical or physical change.
- The above two points can be applied to calculate the heat of reaction given a temperature change.
heat of reaction
The enthalpy change in a chemical reaction; the amount of heat that a systems gives up to its surroundings so it can return to its initial temperature.
A process where two chemicals are combined to produce heat.
Full Text
Solving Problems with Calorimetry
Previously we discussed the theoretically underpinnings of calorimetry and the equations necessary to calculate the heat created or absorbed by a chemical reaction or physical change. Calorimetry is widely used in chemistry to measure the enthalpy change of chemical reactions, but can be applied to any situation that involves a change in temperature and heat production. In this section, we will view the topic from a practical standpoint, introducing some examples.
There are two types of calorimeter: constant-volume calorimeters and constant-pressure calorimeters, which eponymously describe the experimental condition in which they are used. A coffee-cup calorimeter is often used since it is simpler than a bomb calorimeter, but to measure the heat evolved in a combustion reaction, constant volume or bomb calorimetry is ideal. A constant volume calorimeter is also more accurate than a coffee-cup calorimeter, but it is more difficult to use since it requires a well-built reaction container that is able to withstand large amounts of pressure changes that happen in many chemical reactions .
Bomb Calorimeter
This is the picture of a typical setup of bomb calorimeter.
Structure of the Constant Volume Calorimeter
In a constant volume calorimeter, the system is sealed or isolated from its surroundings, and this accounts for why its volume is fixed and there is no volume-pressure work done. A bomb calorimeter structure consists of the following:
- Steel bomb which contains the reactants
- Water bath in which the bomb is submerged
- Thermometer
- A motorized stirrer
- Wire for ignition
All of these components are contained within the double-walled outer part of the calorimeter. After the initial temperature of the water is measured, the heated wire inside the bomb starts the reaction. After the reaction completes, the final temperature of the water is measured, and then the change in temperature of the reactants can be calculated. Through the reaction, the temperature rises due to the conversion from chemical energy to thermal energy.
Determining Heat of Reaction
The amount of heat that the system gives up to its surroundings so that it can return to its initial temperature is the heat of reaction. The heat of the reaction is just the negative of the thermal energy gained by the calorimeter and its contents (Qcalorimeter) through the combustion reaction (we can generalize this to any type of reaction).
If the constant volume calorimeter is set up the same way as before, (same steel bomb, same amount of water, etc.) then the heat capacity of the calorimeter can be measured using the following familiar formula:
Where Ccalorimeter is the heat capacity of the calorimeter. The heat capacity of the calorimeter can be determined by conducting an experiment.
Sometimes instead of the total heat capacity, we deal with the specific heat, so the equation above becomes
1.150 g of sucrose goes through combustion in a bomb calorimeter. If the temperature rose from 23.42°C to 27.64°C and the heat capacity of the calorimeter is 4.90 kJ/°C, then determine the heat of combustion of sucrose in kJ.
- mass of C12H22O12 : 1.150 g
- Tinitial: 23.42°C
- Tfinal: 27.64°C
- Heat of Capacity: 4.90 kJ/°C
Using the second equation above:
Plug into the first equation:
Another Example (Constant Pressure)
If 150 g of lead at 100°C were placed in a calorimeter with 50 g of water at 22.0°C and the resulting temperature of the mixture was 28.8°C, what are the values of Qlead, Qwater and Qcalorimeter? ( Knowing that the specific heat of water is 4.184 J/g C and the specific heat of lead is 0.128 J/g C)
For lead, we know that: m = 150 g, Ti = 100°C, Tf = 28.8°C, cl (specific heat of lead) = 0.128 J/g °C
For water: m= 50 g, Ti = 22°C, Tf = 28.8°C, cw = 4.184 J/g °C
Assign just this concept or entire chapters to your class for free.
Key Term Reference
- Component
- Appears in these related concepts: Adding and Subtracting Vectors Using Components, Position, Velocity, and Acceleration as a Function of Time, and Cathode Ray Tube, TV and Computer Monitors, and the Oscilloscope
- Pressure
- Appears in these related concepts: SI Units of Pressure, Physics and Engineering: Fluid Pressure and Force, and Surface Tension and Capillary Action
- calorimeter
- Appears in these related concepts: Radiation Detection and Human Metabolism
- calorimetry
- Appears in these related concepts: Standard Enthalpy of Reaction, Calorimetry, and Overview of Heat
- chemical reaction
- Appears in these related concepts: Physical and Chemical Changes to Matter, Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States, and Atomic Theory of Matter
- constant-pressure calorimeter
- Appears in this related concept: Constant-Pressure Calorimetry
- constant-volume calorimeter
- conversion
- Appears in these related concepts: Heat Engines, Energy Usage, and Converting Units
- energy
- Appears in these related concepts: Energy Transportation, Surface Tension, and Introduction to Work and Energy
- enthalpy
- Appears in these related concepts: Exothermic and Endothermic Processes, Phases of Matter, and Thermochemical Equations
- equation
- Appears in these related concepts: A General Approach, Equations and Inequalities, and Equations and Their Solutions
- heat
- Appears in these related concepts: Heat and Work, Work, and The First Law
- heat capacity
- Appears in these related concepts: Specific Heat and Heat Capacity, Heat Capacity, and Water's High Heat Capacity
- mass
- Appears in these related concepts: Mass Spectrometer, Mass, and Pop Art
- specific heat
- Appears in these related concepts: Real Gases, Constant Pressure, and Specific Heat for an Ideal Gas at Constant Pressure and Volume
- thermal energy
- Appears in these related concepts: Other Forms of Energy, The Greenhouse Effect, and Repeated Scattering
- work
- Appears in these related concepts: Force at an Angle to Displacement, Free Energy and Work, and Potentials and Charged Conductors
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Source: Boundless. "Solving Problems with Calorimetry." Boundless Physics. Boundless, 26 May. 2016. Retrieved 31 May. 2016 from https://www.boundless.com/physics/textbooks/boundless-physics-textbook/heat-and-heat-transfer-13/specific-heat-111/solving-problems-with-calorimetry-396-11257/


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Daniel Bryan and WWE compromise
While doing a promotional tour of Singapore, Daniel Bryan was asked by the media about his potential in ring return for WWE. Aside from stating that his career with the company might be coming to an end, the former world heavyweight champion also revealed that he was working on a compromise with management to enable him to return to the ring. World Wrestling Entertainment still refuses to let Bryant wrestle.
December 12, 2015
Daniel Bryan more appearances
In case you haven't noticed, Daniel Bryan has been making a lot more appearances for WWE lately. The belief is that he is doing that to increase fan demand for his return since management is refusing to clear him to wrestle again. He earlier tried to twist their arms during an interview by stating that he will wrestle again even if it it outside of World Wrestling Entertainment. Management did not budge, of course.
November 16, 2015
WWE returning to India
The big announcement that Daniel Bryan teased through social media is the return of WWE to India. The promotion will be doing two shows in New Dehli in January. Management is hoping to have a good showing since the WWE Network just launched in that country. Though they will never admit it, management also wants to make sure that TNA does not gain ground on them in that territory.
November 4, 2015
Daniel Bryan to India
Having been sidelined by an injury for quite some time now, Daniel Bryan is set to clock in and work for WWE. The former world heavyweight champion is being sent to India. There, Bryan will be promoting the new video game that was just released on Monday. He will be doing media appearances and will probably be asked several times about his return to the ring.
October 30, 2015
Daniel Bryan pushing Cesaro
Even though he has yet to be cleared for a return by WWE, Daniel Bryan is already making plans as if it is something that is guaranteed to happen in the near future. Near the top of his list of things that he wants to do is to work a big time pay per view match against Antonio Cesaro. Bryan is a big fan of Cesaro, and he feels that a program between the two can help elevate Cesaro onto the next level in the company.
September 11, 2015
Divas Search returning soon
While management has been pleased with the work that Chris Jericho, Paige and Daniel Bryan have been doing on Tough Enough, they are not particularly pleased with the format of the show. That is the reason why the front office has been busy changing up plans for the returning Divas Search competition. They want it to be much better, as it is supposed to a stable of the WWE Network.
August 13, 2015
Bryan wants brand split
During a recent interview, Daniel Bryan echoed a sentiment that is shared by many within the internet wrestling community. He wants WWE to bring back the brand split. The former world heavyweight champion feels that the format enables performers a better chance at being pushed. Bryan stated that guys like Antonio Cesaro would benefit greatly from the return of the brand split.
July 31, 2015
Daniel Bryan defying WWE
During a recent interview with Busted Open, Daniel Bryan made some rather interesting remarks. First, he revealed that a neurologist has cleared him to wrestle again. However, he stated that WWE would not allow him to return just yet. Bryan stated that he is an independent contractor, so they cannot really stop him from getting back into the ring because this is his passion in life.
July 25, 2015
Bret Hart doubts Daniel Bryan
While the entire internet wrestling community are clinging on to hope that he can somehow make a recovery and return to the ring, Bret Hart is doubting that Daniel Bryan will ever wrestle again. He states that Bryan himself might not know that his in ring career is over because he does not want it to be over. Hart stated that he went through a similar thing in the past.
June 19, 2015
Daniel Bryan injury update
Since the injury that Daniel Bryan is suffering from is considered a pretty serious thing, WWE is taking a very patient approach to the situation. Management is simply waiting to see how his body heals and if he is comfortable enough to make a return to the ring. The front office still believes that Bryan is a valuable asset because of his massive popularity. However, they do not want to run the risk of causing him to further harm himself.
June 6, 2015


text:
Since the completion of the main body of this study in May, 1952, a highly important contribution to the literature of American socialism has been published by the Princeton University Press. It is entitled Socialism and American Life. Editors of this two volume work are Stow Persons and Donald Drew Egbert . Feature of volume one is a colorful 190-page interpretive study by Daniel Bell entitled "The Background and Development of Marxian Socialism in the United States." Though written entirely independently of each other, Mr. Bell's history and my own are in basic agreement on many points. On the other hand, differences of emphasis also appear, particularly because I have sought to incorporate in my account a study of some of the non-Marxist elements of the general socialist movement. Also, Mr. Bell's essay carries the socialist movement to the present day. My study terminates in 1901.
Volume two of Socialism and American Life is devoted completely to bibliography, and to my knowledge it is the only such work of its kind. Professor T. D. Seymour Bassett, the bibliographer, has done such a thorough and competent job that I feel altogether free to refer readers to his volume for general information of a bibliographical nature.
My intention here, therefore, is not to attempt to do what Professor Bassett has done so capably nor to re-list the sources already mentioned in the footnotes. Rather, I prefer to use this opportunity to comment briefly on the types of material used in the preparation of this study, their general character and relative value, and, if and when necessary, their location. Persons interested in specific bibliographical information, consequently, would do well to refer to the footnotes. I have sought to keep the latter as free as possible not only from secondary works, whose authors frequently copy uncritically one from another, but also from obscure and non-essential sources.
Newspapers and magazines have constituted my principal fount of information. I have consulted, I believe, every important and still available socialist newspaper and magazine of


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Contact Information
85 W Kemper Rd Springdale, OH 45246
85 West Kemper RoadUSOhioSpringdale45246
(513) 782-1000jakesweeneychryslerjeepdodge.com
Chrysler Dealer, Used Car DealerToday 9AM–8PM
Jake Sweeney Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram is a 5 Star Chrysler Dealer in Cincinnati, Ohio. We are family owned and operated and have been the Tri-State's most trusted name in automotive since 1917!
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Monday, July 22, 2013
I don't know what to title this blog. I have been reading a lot about the cult that i grew up in. Today, in one of the Facebook groups I'm in, someone posted about how we were taught to believe/think that everything is black and white. It's either Godly or a sin. There is no in-between. This has led to an expectation that I must be perfect. For example, until this class I am currently taking, I have had a 4.0 gpa in my doctorate program. But, because I'm not getting an A in this class, I really have no motivation to work on my school work. We're far enough into the semester that I think it is impossible for me to get an A.
I haven't been seeing my therapist since the end of May because I really have been doing fairly well mentally. Although, I still have no motivation to do anything. It has really gotten bad this summer. I have been spending my days watching TV or playing video games and not doing the things I need to do. Today I made an appt with the therapist to go back, but I can't get in until August 7. But, he had told me to tell him when I needed to meet again because sometimes he knew of openings that the office staff don't know about.
I am really confused about a lot of things. Next week I will be ordering the Basic Seminar Textbook, which is the crux of the cult I was raised in. This way, I can look at their teachings and see how they are using Scripture to back up their teachings. I'm hoping that my confusion will leave once I've been able to do that.
I want to lose weight, but I know that I can't do it perfectly, so I don't even try. I'm not even sure where to begin. I have a gym membership, but I haven't really been going and using it. Each day I tell myself that I will go work out but, each day passes and I don't go. I just feel so trapped right now. It's kind of like I know I can't do it just right, so I don't even try. It's the same with housekeeping and everything else.
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Wow, this sounds just like me Last year. I was very depressed and I needed some one to tell me a hundred times what I needed to hear before I actually heard what was being said. I think I was trying to stay fat so know one would want me, and what I needed to hear, and heard a 100 times is, that by doing that I was only hurting myself and not hurting the person that hurt me. It took Medea to say it in a movie before I finally heard what I really needed to hear to help get rid of some off the depression. I do get depressed but not like before. Now it is because my daughter is growing so fast and I can't do anything with her, So I am doing my best to get a little more fit so I can do something with her before she gets to old to want to do something with me. I wish you the best of luck, and I know that you can do it , just have faith in yourself
867 days ago
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Thanks for your encouragement.
Andi-I live in Ohio, but thanks for the offer of contacting you!
1037 days ago
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Will be praying for you and if you are in the Buffalo, NY area, please contact me and we can work out together.
You can do this. And perfection is overrated. Seriously there lessons you will learn from not being perfect, are amazing and freeing.
1037 days ago
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I will be praying for you!!
1038 days ago
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Put on your favorite music and just move! That can be very therapeutic. Good luck and keep Sparking!
1038 days ago
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No one can do things perfectly. There is no such thing as perfectly really. What I think is perfectly may not be what you think is perfectly so in fact there is just do it and see what happens for 99% of life.
1038 days ago
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You might try starting out with just a walk for exercise. My experience has been that walking does a lot to lift mood and improve motivation for other things. Also, you don't have to do much prep - just put your shoes and socks on and go out the door.
One healthy move is likely to lead to another - no telling where you might end up!
I wish you all the best on your journey!
1039 days ago
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Goat brisket with two types of goats' cheese and salt-baked rutabaga
Goat meat has a mild, slightly gamy flavor, which is suitable for being accompanied by slightly sweet dark goats' cheese and fresh white goats' cheese. Serves 4-6 PREPARATION: 1 Pre-heat the oven to 350 …Read more
Salty cheese cake
A sort of Norwegian quiche without any eggs. Serves 2 PREPARATION: 1 Melt the butter in a small pan. Crush the crackers and mix with the butter. 2 Place the cracker mixture into a …Read more
Melkegodt (dulce de leche)
If you slowly heat milk and sugar together you will obtain a sort of home-made caramelized milk, which is not unlike dulce de leche. PREPARATION: 1 Place the sugar and water in a pan …Read more
Dark goat's cheese ice cream with dulce de leche, nuts and berries
This recipe makes about 1 liter of ice cream PREPARATION: 1 Put the egg yolks into a bowl that is large enough to accommodate all the ingredients. Place the milk, cream, sugar and dark …Read more
Whey cheese shake
More like an Indian lassi drink than a milkshake, because this is more refreshing than sweet. Makes one large drink PREPARATION: 1 Pour a bit of the milk into a pan and heat. 2 …Read more
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