text: Brain and Cognitive Sciences - Master's degree http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/7638 2016-06-01T03:45:31Z Generation and tuning of learned sensorimotor behavior by multiple neural circuit architectures http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100876 Generation and tuning of learned sensorimotor behavior by multiple neural circuit architectures Lynn, Michael (Michael Benjamin) Organisms have a remarkable ability to respond to complex sensory inputs with intricate, tuned motor patterns. How does the brain organize and tune these motor responses, and are certain circuit architectures, or connectivity patterns, optimally suited for certain sensorimotor applications? This thesis presents progress towards this particular problem in three subprojects. The first section re-analyzes a large data set of single-unit recordings in zebra finch area HVC during singing. While HVC is known to be essential for proper expression of adult vocalization, its circuit architecture is contentious. Evidence is presented against the recently postulated gesture-trajectory extrema hypothesis for the organization of area HVC. Instead, the data suggest that the synaptic chain model of HVC organization is a better fit for the data, where chains of RA-projecting HVC neurons are synaptically connected to walk the bird through each time-step of the song. The second section examines how optimal sensorimotor estimation using a Bayesian inference framework could be implemented in a cerebellar circuit. Two novel behavioral paradigms are developed to assess how rats might tune their motor output to the statistics of the sensory inputs, and whether their behavior might be consistent with the use of a Bayesian inference paradigm. While neither behavior generated stable behavior, evidence indicates that rats may use a spinal circuit to rapidly and dynamically adjust motor output. The third section addresses the formation of habitual behaviors in a cortico-striatal network using rats. Stress and depression are known to significantly alter decision-making abilities, but the neural substrate of this is poorly understood. Towards this goal, rats are trained on a panel of decision-making tasks in a forced-choice T-maze, and it is shown that a chronic stress procedure produces a dramatic shift in behavior in a subset of these tasks but not the rest. This behavioral shift is reversed by optogenetic stimulation of prelimbic input to striatum, pinpointing a circuit element which may control stress-induced behavioral changes. Furthermore, a circuit hypothesis is presented to explain why sensitivity to changing reward values diminishes with overtraining. Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2015.; Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.; Includes bibliographical references (pages 25-26). 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Investigating the influence of LH-projecting BLA neurons upon motivated behavioral responding and appetitive learning http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100875 Investigating the influence of LH-projecting BLA neurons upon motivated behavioral responding and appetitive learning Eckhardt, Christine To optimize survival, organisms must be able to learn contingencies between external stimuli and rewards and appropriately respond to these associations. Deficits in reward-related learning or reward-seeking are thought to occur in a host of psychopathologies, including depression (Drevets, 2001), eating disorders (Wagner et al., 2007), and substance abuse (Wrase et al., 2007), such that improved understanding of reward processing could potentially aid in the development of therapies. Two neural regions, the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and lateral hypothalamus (LH), are both implicated in reward processing (Adamantidis et al., 2007; Anand and Brobeck, 1951; Brobeck, 1946; Gutierrez et al., 2011; Hoebel and Teitelbaum, 1962; Kempadoo et al., 2013; Margules and Olds, 1962; Muramoto et al., 1993; Sakurai, 2007; Schoenbaum et al., 1998; Tye and Janak, 2007; Tye et al., 2008, 2010), but the role of the BLA's projection to LH in appetitive conditioning and reward-seeking remains unclear. Through the use of optogenetic techniques in mice, I have investigated the influence of LH-projecting BLA neurons upon motivated behavioral responding, which has indicated that the projection may support intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS). Further experiments with in vivo extracellular electrophysiological recordings from LH-projecting BLA neurons may also shed light on the encoding properties of these neurons during appetitive learning. Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2015.; Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.; Includes bibliographical references (pages 50-56). 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Benchmarking models of the ventral stream http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100874 Benchmarking models of the ventral stream Ardila, Diego S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology This work establishes a benchmark by which to measure models of the ventral stream using crowd-sourced human behavioral measurements. We collected human error patterns on an object recognition task across a variety of images. By comparing the error pattern of these models to the error pattern of humans, we can measure how similar to the human behavior the model's behavior is. Each model we tested was composed of two parts: an encoding phase which translates images to features, and a decoding phase which translates features to a classifier decision. We measured the behavioral consistency of three encoder models: a convolutional neural network, and a particular view of neural activity of either are V4 or IT. We measured three decoder models: logistic regression and 2 different types of support vector machines. We found the most consistent error pattern to come from a combination of IT neurons and a logistic regression but found that this model performed far worse than humans. After accounting for performance, the only model that was not invalidated was a combination of IT neurons and an SVM. Thesis: S.M. in Neuroscience, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2015.; Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.; Includes bibliographical references (page 17). 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Anthropomorphic bias in naming http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84771 Anthropomorphic bias in naming Turkel, William J. (William Joseph), 1967- Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 1999.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 27-34). 1999-01-01T00:00:00Z


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- PeruRetailFunding via Edpyme Alternativa
Cesar HumbertoPeruRetailFunding via Edpyme Alternativa
Braulio Ase...PeruTransportationFunding via Asociación Arariwa
Dina Doris
Update on Dina DorisDina is a member of the Las Triumfadoras communal bank in the Andahuaylilas district in the Quispicanchis province of Cusco, Perú. She is a very hard-working and enterprising woman. She continues selling diverse products at a general store, which she was able to, with great effort, arrange at her home.
Dina is now requesting a loan to buy merchandise like notebooks, stationery supplies, beauty products, and small gifts. Dina is happy with the fruit of her work and sacrifice. Therefore, she is grateful to Kiva because it always helps her in the growth and strengthening of her business activity.
Andahuaylillas, de la provincia de Quispicanchis del Cusco – Perú. La socia es una mujer muy trabajadora y emprendedora, ella continua dedicándose a la venta de productos diversos en una tienda bazar la cual pudo acondicionar con mucho esfuerzo en su domicilio. Dina en esta oportunidad está solicitando el préstamo para comprar mercadería como cuadernos, útiles de escritorio, productos de belleza y pequeños regalos. Dina está satisfecha con el fruto de su trabajo y sacrificio, y por ello agradece a KIVA que le ayuda siempre en el crecimiento y fortalecimiento de su actividad económica.
Previous Loan DetailsDina belongs to the "Los Triunfadoras" communal bank, located in Andahuaylillas district, in Quispicanchis province, in Cusco department. She is 34, lives with her partner, and has two children, ages eleven and nine. She sells woven articles in the city of Cusco. She knits baby sweaters by ha... More from Dina Doris's previous loan »
Additional Information
Important InformationAbout Asociación Arariwa
Asociación Arariwa is a large non-governmental organization that started offering microcredit in 1994 to improve the quality of life, skills and equity of the population in the rural Cusco region of Peru. Arariwa serves the southern Andean provinces of Peru, and is distinguished by its efforts to reach the very poor, who often live in isolated rural areas. Arariwa fosters village banking, supports savings accounts, promotes access to education, and empowers women entrepreneurs (who make up 78% of its borrowers).
Concurrent and Successive Loans
Our Field Partners often work with borrowers over a series of loans as the borrowers build credit, take out bigger loans, and expand their businesses. In order to make it easier for our Field Partners to post loans for borrowers who have been listed on Kiva before, we allow them to post successive and concurrent loans for their Kiva borrowers. This means that our Field Partners are able to post a borrower's second, third, etc., loan on Kiva without having to re-enter all of the borrower's information.
This borrower has been listed on Kiva before, so you'll see an updated loan description, as well as excerpts of the original descriptions from earlier loans. Most borrowers take out loans consecutively, meaning that they receive a second loan after having repaid the first. However, sometimes our Field Partners give out concurrent loans, allowing borrowers to take out one primary loan and a secondary "add-on" loan along with it. These "add-on" loans are typically smaller than the borrower's primary loan and serve a different purpose. Because Field Partners can now post loans as successive and concurrent loans, you will be able to track borrower progress over time and see the various ways a borrower is working with our Field Partners through funds from Kiva's lenders.
About Peru
36View loans »
Success!! The loan was 100% repaid
- Repayment Term
- 8 months (Additional Information)
- Repayment Schedule
- Monthly
- Pre-Disbursed:
- Oct 19, 2012
- Listed
- Nov 5, 2012
- Currency Exchange Loss:
- Possible
- Ended:
- May 17, 2013

subset: commoncrawl


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Edit Article
How to Hightlight Black Hair Without Bleaching
Want to highlight black hair without bleach? Read this article!
This article has been tagged as a stub.
That means it's off to a good start, but still has room to grow into a more helpful resource. Until the article reaches its full potential, it will be hidden from search results. Can you help it flourish? If you think the article offers complete and accurate instructions, feel free to remove this tag.
1ALWAYS ask your parents first!
2Buy your hair dye. Preferably a highlighting kit with the colors you want. The best ones are around $10-$20. Be prepared to spend more though (more dye, back up kit; etc). Save up! Do chores, odd jobs around the house, favors for your parents, and if your old enough, a job.
3Streak your hair. This is where patience comes in. Streak your hair following the directions and let it dry. And streak it again. Streak it until it shows up. This may take a lot of time and money. But its worth it!
4Follow maintenance and touch up directions on the package and enjoy!
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Ask a Question
- If you want,you can just add clip ins. They're about $3 dollars each.
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Get your customer's engine moving right with ACDelco belts and hoses. Our line of timing belts, radiator hoses, hose clamps and belt tensioners are made out of quality and durable materials that stand up to our standards and yours and feature coverage for light- and heavy-duty applications.
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PROPOSITION 65 WARNING: Battery posts, terminals and related accessories contain Lead and Lead components, chemicals known to the state of California to cause birth defects and other reproductive harm. Batteries also contain other chemicals known to the state of California to cause cancer. WASH HANDS AFTER HANDLING.


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Percussionists Wanted
Kent - Percussionists wanted for music jobs
5 results
Applications from Kent or Jobs in Kent
Perform on the West End Stage for Agents and Casting DirectorsAny gender, aged 18 to 99London, UK. Apply from all UK.$
Musicians Wanted to Join BandMultiple rolesYork, UK. Apply from all UK.
Touring Band Seeks Advanced DrummerMales, aged 20 to 32London, UK. Apply from all UK.$
Musicians Wanted to Join BandMultiple rolesDurham, UK. Apply from all UK.
Musicians Worldwide WantedMultiple rolesAustralia. Apply worldwide.
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Rydges North Sydney
Taronga Zoo Membership is terrific value if you plan three or more visits in a year – and there's plenty to justify that and more! The zoo is open every day except Christmas Day from 9:30am.
There are over 4000 animals from 350 species to see and more than 20 keeper talks and shows every day plus tours, events and concerts. The location is stunning with the 180 degree panoramic Sydney Harbour views and it is no wonder the zoo was voted Australia's number one tourist attraction.
An example of the value – to purchase a day pass for a family (two adults and two children) costs $124.20 and an annual pass costs $270 – an adult day pass costs $46 and a yearly pass costs $115 – so part the way through your third visit for the year you are in front!
Taronga is a not-for-profit organisation that supports wildlife conservation. The zoo believes that through education they can inspire and create behaviour change to support species conservation and habitat preservation. Sadly, many species that call Taronga home are already threatened.
Here's a link to the Taronga Zoo website and if you are visiting Sydney to go to Taronga, Rydges North Sydney will make you welcome.


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Reviewed By James C (Princeton, NJ) Reviewed for a 1997 Ford F-250 —12/16/2013 8:43 AM
Good cover for the money. like the toolbox feature.
Reviewed By Carson P (South Beloit, IL) Reviewed for a 2012 Ford F-250 —9/17/2012 4:03 PM
This is one of the nicest covers i have owned. has a nice rubber gasket with a drain tray up against the toolbox and enough adjustability to be water tight. i like how i have many options like rolling it up, hinging it or taking it right off. pretty much only need to carry an allen wrench with you and your set. Thanks


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I am new here n i need anwers. I've been taking my birth control pills for bout four months now i have not even missed a day. Not even once. But now my body feels different if like i am pregnant. My body is acting werid. My breast are abit snore and tinder. And boading too. I bearly use condoms anymore and this is the first time i ever felt like this... should i worry?
Can you still get pregnant while having unprotexted sex while on the pill?
- Posted:
- 7 Aug 2013 by lilangel21
- Topics:
- birth control, pregnancy, sex
Added 7 Aug 2013:
Oh n i also found little tiny white spots on nipples i had them before i got pregnant now i am started to worry cause i never notice: it till a while back. But i just had ma period almost 2 weeks ago should i get checked?
Answers (3)
ok so like my body is in a way thinking i have these symptoms when it doesn't. i get ya... Thanks :)
7 Aug 2013
Like Km says, if you are taking your pills correctly, you have about a 1% chance of pregnancy. Many women dont use condoms with the Pill. Condoms only need to be used for back up protection (like in the event of a missed pill oe when taking antibiotics) or for STD protection. Many women who are monogamous dont use condoms. Your body will feel different on the Pill. The Pill prevents ovulation by changing hormonal triggers. It can cause breast tenderness, bloating, mood changes, increased appetite, weight gain etc. It will get better the longer you are on the Pill. If you have not missed a Pill, or been on antibiotic therapy then it is doubtful that you are pregnant. If you want peace of mind, you can always test.
thanks my mind feels at eaz now. :)
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Professional Development Guide
Manukau Institute of Technology
Faculty of Business
The Faculty, consisting of the Schools of Accounting and Management, Communication and Marketing, Business Services, plus Computing and Information Technology, provides a comprehensive approach to management education from Diploma to Doctorate. The Faculty is also proud to offer courses in association with Southern Cross University (Australia). We have a strong focus on applied vocational business education and maintain strong links with industry.
Private Bag 94006, Manukau 2241
Gate 12, North Campus, Otara Road, Otara, Manukau City
Key Personnel
Co John Robertson (Dean, Faculty of Business)
Co Dr Wayne Dreyer (NZ Director, Southern Cross University Postgraduate Programmes), email@example.com,
Freephone: 0800 MBA DBA (0800 622 322), Fax: 0-9-968 7783
Proximity to public transport: Good
Southern Cross University Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)
Suitable for: Senior executives
Cost: $1900 per unit (2009) including GST. Up to 24 units.
Qualification: Southern Cross University Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)
Duration: 6 years maximum part-time. Start in January, May or September.
Available: Part-time
Prerequisites: MBA or a Masters Degree level research or coursework qualification acceptable to Southern Cross University; AND have appropriate executive managerial experience in the public or private sector.
Spaces Available: Limited to a maximum of 15 per year.
Key faculty: Dr Wayne Dreyer, NZ Director Postgraduate Programmes + faculty staff.
Format: Distance with supported workshops for initial research units. Thesis is with a supervisor.
Description: This programme offers senior executives doctoral study opportunities in business. It fosters abilities and competence in the processes of research in key areas of management and communicating the research results to peer groups and society.
Southern Cross University Master of Business Administration (MBA)
Suitable for: Middle to senior managers.
Cost: $1850 per unit (2009) including GST. 12 units.
Qualification: Southern Cross University MBA
Duration: Two to five years. Start in January, May or September.
Available: Part-time, supported distance learning.
Prerequisites: Degree or equivalent or relevant professional experience.
Spaces Available: Unlimited.
Key faculty: Dr Wayne Dreyer, NZ Director Postgraduate Programmes + faculty staff.
Format: Distance with supported workshops and tele-tutorials.
Description: This programme enables students to build individual management skills with a focus on the application of knowledge in business for their own personal and professional development.
New Degrees for 2009
The following new degrees are being progressively introduced during 2009. They each consist of 12 units that cost $1850 per unit including GST.
Master of Professional Accounting (MPA)
The Master of Professional Accounting (MPA) programme is designed for non-accounting business professionals looking for a career change and planning to move into the fields of accounting, taxation, economics, law and management.
Master of Human Resources and Organisational Development (MHROD)
The Master of Human Resources and Organisational Development offers a thorough grounding in the areas of human resources management and development with an emphasis on strategies in organisational development and business leadership.
Master of Supply Chain Management (MSCM)
The Master of Supply Chain Management degree is a specialised postgraduate programme that gives graduates the skills to manage the entire supply chain including logistics and purchasing within todayCOs interdependent organisations. …


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Tuition is $4,500 for our two year program. To hold your place a non refundable $500 initial payment completes your registration.There is an additional $50 fee for the course manual due at the first class, and an additional $20 fee for the doula handbook, due at the doula workshop. Students can expect to spend between $200-300 on books and supplies.
All deposits and payments are non refundable
Early Bird Discount: pay IN FULL, by June 15th and recieve a 20%,discount
Note: In addition to MMA certificate, your tuition covers doula certification, CPR, Neontal Resusitation, in depth childbirth education/preparation class.
Payment Plans
Payment plans can be made through Paypal using Bill Me Later. When you click the donate button, you will be sent to Paypal where you can set up a Bill Me Later account if you do not allready have one. The first six months are interest free
To promote diversity in our community, we offer a Woman of Color partial scholarship. Please inquire.
For those with Financial Hardship we have limited resources and hope that the payment plan will be helpful for you. There is also a limited amount of resources available for partial scholarship. Please Inquire.
To donate to our Midwife of Color Scolarship please contribute via the paypal link below:


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Background checks not equal in Oklahoma
More than 400,000 Oklahomans had their backgrounds checked last year so they could pursue everything from legally carrying a concealed handgun to exercising a race horse. Some Oklahoma parents even paid to check out their daughters' boyfriends. Most checks were limited to Oklahoma, but more than 20,000 involved national searches, according to Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation statistics. Certified schoolteachers, foster care parents and adoptive parents must pass a national check. But people such as child care providers and employees of care homes for the mentally disabled only need pass a state inquiry. "We certainly would love to do anything to make sure the children are safe in child care," said Janice Matthews, licensing coordinator for the state Department of Human Services' child care services. The national recommendation is that all child care homes complete national fingerprint-based background checks, a measure proposed for Oklahoma a few years ago. But Matthews said it was dropped because neither the state nor many of the roughly 4,000 mom-and-pop child care centers could afford to pay the $41 fee.
Care homes require check of workersMuch like employees of child care centers, Oklahoma's care homes for the mentally ill, mentally disabled and seniors in need of assistance require name-search, state background checks. Home of Hope in Vinita now uses a national background search, state Department of Corrections sex offender data searches and other Internet tools to check out employees after hiring a man who was accused of raping a resident in 2008. The home had completed a state background check but former employee Jerald Ray Bishop's sexual criminal history in California wasn't revealed. A national background search, available from the FBI through the OSBI when allowed by state statute, would have shown his criminal history in another state, said the care home's human resources director, Carolyn Chapman. "I would encourage any agency similarly situated to consider that they need to utilize national databases, not relying strictly on the state," she said. For homes such as Home of Hope, there is no statutory authority to do a fingerprint-based national criminal background check through OSBI and FBI, said Debbie McKinney, OSBI administrative programs officer.
Who receives background checks?McKinney said that a national background search would be more effective for the state's care homes for the mentally ill and disabled. "But the stumbling block there is cost and timeliness," she said. State background checks cost $15 and take about 15 minutes. Fingerprint searches cost $41 and take about two weeks, she said. People getting the background check also have to go by the local sheriff's office or elsewhere to get their fingerprints taken. "But it's still very, very important," McKinney said. Oklahoma statutes either require or allow for national background checks by those in 18 categories of business or interests. They range from licenses for locksmiths, bail bondsmen and gem dealers to animal euthanasia technicians, security guards and state Education Department employees who work directly with children. Sylvia Coslow, supervisor of the OSBI record check unit, said her employees use databases to check backgrounds of roughly 1,200 people in an eight-hour day. Some people just want to check their own records, she said. "The majority of background check requests we receive I'd say are for purposes of employment," said Felicia Jackson, OSBI administrative programs officer. She said the biggest surge in requests have come in the last couple of years for concealed carry permit applications. Last year, the agency processed 22,815 background checks for handguns compared with 9,859 in 2007. Jackson said the agency includes an area asking why the applicant is requesting the background check. She said probably the most unusual requests are the personal ones. "Some of them have written on there that they're checking out their daughter's boyfriend. And you can do that, and maybe you should," Jackson said.


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Season highlights
• Won the 100-yard backstroke at the Class 3A state meet for the second year in a row, posting her fastest time, 56.65 seconds.
• First-team 3A Greater St. Helens League in the 100-yard backstroke.
• Won six 3A district titles in her career. Nikki won the 100 backstroke three times, the 100 freestyle twice, and the 50 freestyle once. Because of injury, she did not swim individual races at district this year.
More about Nikki
• Favorite movie: "Anything '80s Molly Ringwald. They're classics."
• On your iPod: "It's a wide variety. At one place on my list, there's Ludwig van Beehtoven next to some rap."
• Sport you would do if you didn't swim: "I'm too tall to be a gymnast, so maybe a diver. I couldn't do it, but it looks like fun."
Next year and beyond
Nikki will attend Boise State on a swimming and academic scholarship. She said she also considered swimming teams at Wyoming and Utah, but Boise State was an easy choice.
"Club swimming's great. But it's a different feeling when you're representing your school, and swimming with people you go to class with. It's just fun."
Nikki Cannon
who competes with Vancouver Swim Club, where her mother coaches.
All-Region team
• Carly Cannon, fr., Hudson's Bay: Placed sixth in 100 backstroke at 3A state; 12th in 100 butterfly.
• Jessica Bottelberghe, Sr., Columbia River: Second in 200 IM at 3A state; fifth in 100 butterfly.
• Monica Bottelberghe, Fr., Columbia River: Second in 200 freestyle at state; fifth in 100 free.
• Peggy Liang, Sr., Mountain View: Third at 3A state in 50 freestyle and third in the 100 freestyle.
• Julia Sanders, So., Hockinson: Class 2A state champion in 50 freestyle and 100 butterfly.
• Andrea Young, So., Union: Placed ninth at 4A state in the 50 freestyle and 100 freestyle
Fall on stairs doesn't knock Cannon off podium
Trying to be quick almost cost Nikki Cannon a state title.
Scurrying down the stairs to assist her mother with the DVR, the Hudson's Bay senior slipped. But the wrenched shoulder she suffered while breaking that fall didn't derail Cannon's push for another state championship.
Despite missing the final month of the season to rest her shoulder, Cannon capped her high school swimming career with a flourish. She captured her second consecutive championship in the 100-yard backstroke at the Class 3A state meet, recording a personal-best time of 56.65 seconds to beat in a tight race to capture the gold medal.
It was the fastest Cannon swam the backstroke since winning the 2009 state title in 57.09 seconds. Her narrow victory over Amanda Thatch from Kennedy — the lone state title won by a Clark County 4A or 3A swimmer — produced the highlight of a strong state meet for area swimmers, and made Cannon the choice for The Columbian's All-Region girls swimmer of the year.
Cannon had posted a state-qualifying time prior to her injury, so she was eligible to race at state despite competing only on a relay at the district meet. She just wasn't sure her shoulder would hold up through her final race. In fact, before surprising herself with a 57.8 in the preliminary round a day earlier, she wasn't sure she could even qualify for the finals.
Once she was racing, she didn't think about holding back.
"I didn't really know how (the shoulder) would feel, but when I saw we were close at the halfway mark, I knew I had to pick it up," Cannon said.
Cannon's fast finish is a reflection of why high school swimming is special, even for those like her who are year-round club swimmers. It's no fluke, she said, that her two fastest times in the 100 backstroke came at the high school state championships.
"The energy is so high, and it's just a lot of fun," Cannon said.
And her final race produced a memory she counts as her favorite of many swimming for Bay.
"After (winning state in) the backstroke, because there were a lot of ups and downs this season and my sister (Carly) came over and hugged me. It was a nice finale to everything.


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Famed author E. Lynn Harris dies
Community reacts to loss of Michigan-born best-selling writer
By BTL staff
Originally printed 7/30/2009 (Issue 1731 - Between The Lines News)
LOS ANGELES - Flint native and New York Times best-selling author E. Lynn Harris died suddenly of an apparent heart attack on the night of July 23 while on a business trip in California. Harris, 54, was found unconscious in his room at the Peninsula Hotel in Los Angeles. A doctor was called but was unable to revive him.
Harris, who spent most of his formative years in Little Rock, Ark., studied journalism at the University of Arkansas-Fayetteville. Following his graduation, however, Harris went into the lucrative business of computer sales, working for IBM, Hewlett-Packard and AT&T for over 13 years. Finally, in 1991, Harris felt the time was right to pursue his dream. He left his job and comfortable salary behind and wrote his first novel, "Invisible Life."
A groundbreaking effort, "Invisible Life" told the story of a black, gay man living a double life and struggling to find self-acceptance. Unable to interest a publisher, Harris self-published and sold the book directly to black bookstores and beauty salons before eventually being picked up by Anchor Books in 1994.
"It was just what was supposed to happen," Harris told Between The Lines in 1999 of the struggle to get a book deal. "I worked very hard during that time, but it was among the best times of my life and it was good for me."
Once reissued, "Invisible Life" quickly made The New York Times bestsellers list, an astounding feat for an openly gay black male author writing about gay black men, and one that all 11 of his novels would manage to accomplish. Harris shed a light on an entirely new literary genre and opened doors for many to come. And with the creation of his Better Days Foundation, he sought to support struggling up and coming authors.
Harris's novels told of affluent black, gay men and the beautiful black women whose lives they intersected with. But in 2003, Harris strayed from the formula and released a no-holds barred biography.
Harris's book tours became massive undertakings as he read to packed houses across the continent. He would often begin or end his tours in Detroit, and once did as many as six events in the area in five days time.
"I love Detroit," he once said. "I think they claim me as their own since I was born in Flint and I'm really honored by that. It's one of those cities where I could come and stay a week and do something everyday and still have nice crowds."
And Detroit, it seems, loved him back. News of the author's death spread quickly, and Michigan's LGBT community mourned the loss of Harris.
"His work was instrumental in showing black people that gay people exist and they are black," commented Tiffany McLean of Detroit. "He helped countless people come out, comfortably knowing that they were not alone. He was a treasure to all the world. He will be missed."
"As a writer and a lesbian, as well as an African-American, I am deeply saddened," added Shuntoia Gradford, 25, of Detroit. "My heart goes out to those closest to him."
Local black LGBT organization Kick released a statement announcing Harris' death. Executive Director Curtis Lipscomb recalled meeting the author and growing to be friends. "I met E. Lynn when I was publisher of Kick Magazine," he said. "He contacted us to help promote his first self-published book. We were friends ever since."
In addition to The New York Times, Harris's books have also appeared on the bestseller lists of the Wall Street Journal, USA Today, Entertainment Weekly and The Washington Post. There are to date, according to his publisher, 4 million copies of his books in print. He also edited two anthologies, "Freedom In This Village: Twenty-Five Years of Black Gay Men's Writing" (Da Capo Press) and "Gumbo: A Celebration of African-American Writers" (Harlem Moon), and was twice nominated for an NAACP Image Award.
Harris maintained homes in Atlanta and Fayetteville, where he taught contemporary fiction at his alma mater. Upon the release of his autobiography, Harris told BTL the moral of his story was simple.
"Don't ever give up, don't ever give up, don't ever give up," he said. "So many people think about it and I'm here - living proof - to tell them to just wait, be patient."
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Renovations on the Rockaway line of the 'A' train will be suspended after the weekend of November 19- 21, a MTA representative told The Wave. Beginning the weekend of October 8-10 work will take place every other weekend until it ends on November 21. "It will start up again next year," the spokesperson said. Photo by Miriam Rosenberg
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my 2007 Patriot first had the alarm and lights that would not go off even when car was turned off. Had to disconnect the battery. NOw the parking lights don't go off. Battery went dead. SOme times the alarm will jsut beep while driving for a second then stop. What is the problem
by 44jeep in Madison, CT on March 12, 2012


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Dining out has never felt so much like dining in, especially given that I am speaking of a world-famous restaurant like Le Cirque, rumoured to be the most expensive restaurant in India. And that is the first thing that strikes you about Le Cirque at The Leela Palace, Chanakyapuri, New Delhiits casual chic vibe that is synced with an understated decor-style, giving the restaurant a muted air of intimacy. A stroll through the wine cellar, tucked discreetly behind the bar, reveals an impressive collection of new and old wines from around the world, not to mention the Chateau Petrus waiting to be picked. And that is the first impression one gets of Le Cirque and its philosophy of subtle opulence that rises above commonplace elegance. However, unlike other fine-dining restaurants, it doesnt overwhelm and that has to be its USP.
With 144 covers, three private dining rooms, a bar and an option of al fresco seating, there is space for every kind of mood and entertainment. A special chefs table may be reserved for a one-on-one interaction with Le Cirques chef, Mickey Bhoite, who brings his Indian roots and Italian upbringing to the kitchen, creating one-of-a-kind dishes like the masala tea tiramisu and a chikoo dessert.
For dinner, I am given a course-wise set menu that extrapolates the culinary range of the restaurant. I turn down the foie gras for my own ethical dining reasons, but the rest is hard to resist. Courses that range from a double-cooked mozarella starter to a delicately-flavoured Dover sole that melts in the mouth are brought to the table with charming precision. The plate presentation is understated (I am beginning to see this as a signature) and doesnt detract from the food. The cover layout and cutlery is minimalistic and doesnt intimidate with a show of multiple course-wise knives and forksthese are replaced at regular intervals and before the next course is served. So discreet is the service that one doesnt realise you are being guided to eat with the right dining instruments without having to make a choice, lest you should err. And havent we all? It is this gentle sensitivity that underlines the service sequence and re-enforces my belief that for a fine-dining restaurant, Le Cirque is remarkably comfortable.
For me, the standout dish is one that most would define as comfort food Italian-stylethe risotto. In this instance, it is the Risotto


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The Biltmore Estates annual Spring Festival - Formerly known as the Festival of Flowers. Marvel at acres of blooms across the Estate. Featuring early 100,000 tulips, 20 acres of azaleas and other flowering plants and trees. Special events and menus are featured. Get your special two day tickets at Asheville Cabins of Willow Winds. For More Information
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The North Carolina Council for the Social Studies has been supporting NC social studies educators for over 60 years. We are a member supported organization – our members are K-12 teachers and administrators, college professors, pre-service and retired teachers and educators from non-profit organizations.
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AMES, Iowa – As demand for local and organic produce rises, vegetable growers face the challenge of scaling up the size of their operations. A new online tool provides information to growers in the Upper Midwest about the methods and equipment available for transplant production.
The Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture awarded a grant to the Iowa Organic Association in 2010 to compile the online tool. Chris Blanchard, organic farmer and consultant at Flying Rutabaga Works, visited nine organic and conventional operations of different sizes to interview growers about their transplant systems.
Producing transplants is one way for a farm to mitigate risk and extend the growing season. Transplants are germinated and grown in a controlled environment and then replanted in the field. The online tool provides information about options, challenges and costs for every step of this process, from choosing a growing tray to designing an irrigation system to 'hardening' the plants for field conditions.
"I've noticed that as vegetable growers scale up their production, they often move through several different transplant production systems—and the components of their old systems often aren't compatible with their new systems," Blanchard said. "I hope that this tool helps expanding produce growers in Iowa and other states to forecast the transplant system they want to end up with, so that they can make the appropriate investments."
Amber Mba, executive director of the Iowa Organic Association, said the tool will help its members meet the needs of expanding markets for local foods. "We hope this tool will help their growing farms to be more productive and profitable," she said.
The tool includes profiles of six vegetable farms in Minnesota, Wisconsin and Iowa, as well as photo galleries of infrastructure, equipment and crops. A one-page matrix summarizes the costs, skill level, benefits and drawbacks of various options for transplant equipment.
Blanchard has presented the tool to vegetable growers at several conferences including the Iowa Fruit and Vegetable Growers Association, the Great Plains Growers Conference in St. Joseph, Missouri and the Midwest Organic and Sustainable Education Service (MOSES) conference in LaCrosse, Wisconsin.
The Transplant Production Decision Tool is on the Leopold Center website at: www.leopold.iastate.edu/cool_tools/transplant-production-decision-tool. It also can be found on the Iowa Organic Association website at: www.iowaorganic.org/transplant-decision-tool.
Chris Blanchard, Flying Rutabaga Works, firstname.lastname@example.com, (563) 735-5461
Amber Mba, Iowa Organic Association, firstname.lastname@example.com
Craig Chase, Leopold Center Marketing Initiative, (515) 294-1854, firstname.lastname@example.com
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Vt College of Fine Arts graphic design program lauded
MONTPELIER The Master of Fine Arts program in graphic design offered at the Vermont College of Fine Arts has been named one of the nations top graduate programs in the field by Print Magazine, a trade publication that covers the design industry.
Other MFA programs in graphic design that are featured in the August issue of the publication include those at Yale University and the Rhode Island School of Design.
According to a news release from the college in Montpelier, the program is one of the nations first low-residency programs in graphic design and is built around a students individual interests and creative goals. The two-year graduate program includes five one-week residencies with four six-month semesters of independent study with a range of faculty mentors.MORE IN This Just InWESTMINSTER Vermont State Police say a passenger has died in an off-road vehicle crash in... Full StoryPOMFRET More than 1,000 trees and shrubs have been planted along three rivers in New Hampshire... Full StoryWATERBURY Vermont State Police are investigating a weekend burglary at the Snowfire Auto... Full Story
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Activists Want to Silence Business
Your editorial "The Corporate Lobbying Proxy War" (April 28) correctly points out that the activists pushing for political disclosures from publicly held corporations are more interested in chilling speech than improving corporate governance and responsiveness to shareholders.
This is why we recently wrote to business leaders from around the country describing, as we saw them, the motivations and goals behind this antibusiness campaign. The activists' claims are, in fact, myths. We concluded:
"Ultimately, the disclosure effort is driven by activists and labor unions that are not acting in the best interest of investors or the overall business community, and who will not be satisfied with mere disclosure. These groups will not stop until business' ability to engage in political and policy advocacy is eliminated altogether."
Given the political animus driving this campaign and the potential great harm to shareholders, we believe the new SEC Chairman, Mary Jo White, should focus on the important work of protecting investors and facilitating capital formation, not getting bogged down by unpopular and nonessential pet agenda issues by certain activists.
John Engler
Business Roundtable
Thomas J. Donohue
President and CEO
U.S. Chamber of Commerce
Jay Timmons
President and CEO
National Association of Manufacturers
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|Use cases about the V4L2 driver for the all the Raspberry Pi Camera Boards
First of all, if you have not installed UV4L on Raspbian or Jessie yet, do it by following these instructions.
Upgrade UV4L to the latest version:
raspberrypi ~ $ sudo apt-get updateBelow are some simple examples on how to use the driver in combination with some applications. To show you complete examples, I will suppose that you have not installed the recent uv4l-raspicam-extras optional package yet, which automatically loads the driver at boot. Remember that, in all the cases, to eventually "unload" the driver it's enough to kill the corresponding uv4l process. All the examples have been originally tested on the (old) Raspberry Pi 1. The Raspberry Pi 2 can do much better where the CPU would be a bottleneck.
List of examples:
1. Record an H264 video at full 1920x1080 resolution, 30 fps
2. Motion
3. HTTP Server with mjpg-streamer or vlc (obsolete, see example #11)
4. Capture and display with OpenCV
5. Use the Camera Board on the Rpi as a (virtual) camera plugged into another PC
6. Set up a RealTime Streaming Server (RTSP)
7. FFmpeg Server & avconv
8. Setup an RTMP Server (in H264 full res, 30fps) with crtmpserver and FFMpeg
9. Full fps, Live Text Overlay (over video)
10. Real-time Object Detection and Object Tracking
11. Real-time HTTP/HTTPS Streaming Server with the native uv4l-server module
12. Compute Module: stereoscopic vision
13. Compute Module: use Dual Cameras separately
14. Start or Join a Multi Peer-to-Peer Audio/Video Conference with WebRTC
15. Live Desktop & Audio Streaming to the browser with WebRTC
16. How to broadcast or have bidirectional live audio and video conferences to/in a Jitsi Meet Room over the Web
17. Webinars and Video Conferences in Full HD with the Janus WebRTC Gateway
18. UV4L for the Internet of Things with WebRTC Data Channels
Example 1: Record an H264 video at full 1920x1080 resolution, 30 fps
This is the simplest case, as no particular applications are needed to record a video in H264, the dd system command is enough for the job. For example:
raspberrypi ~ $ uv4l --driver raspicam --auto-video_nr --encoding h264 --width 1920 --height 1080Alternatively, if the driver has been previously loaded with another initial configuration, change it on the fly:
raspberrypi ~ $ sudo apt-get install v4l-utilsSince, by default, the system read I/O interface on RPi is too slow for recording at full resolution without data loss, we will give the uv4l process a RealTime scheduling priority:
raspberrypi ~ $ sudo chrt -a -r -p 99 `pgrep uv4l`Now we can record a 10s video:
raspberrypi ~ $ dd if=/dev/video0 of=video.h264 bs=1M & pid=$! ; sleep 10; kill $pidThe driver also supports the more efficient Video4Linux2 Streaming I/O API, but this will require a Video4Linux-complaiant application implementing the mentioned I/O method.
As an alternative to manually setting the RealTime scheduling priority to the uv4l process each time, you can run the driver with the --sched-rr option, which requires root priviligies by default:
raspberrypi ~ $ sudo uv4l --sched-rr --driver raspicam --auto-video_nr --encoding h264 --width 1920 --height 1080
Example 2: Motion
Install Motion from the official Raspbian repository:
raspberrypi ~ $ sudo apt-get install motionTo start with Motion, download and try the following configuration file, which you can change later according to your needs:
raspberrypi ~ $ wget http://linux-projects.org/downloads/examples/motion.confNow run the driver in background, for example:
raspberrypi ~ $ uv4l --driver raspicam --auto-video_nrFinally, run Motion:
raspberrypi ~ $ LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/uv4l/uv4lext/armv6l/libuv4lext.so motion -c ./motion.confIf you run motion as daemon and the camera is not detected properly for some reasons, try to load the driver with the --extension-presence=1 option. Check if the Motion HTTP server is up and running on your Raspberry Pi. For example, from your PC with firefox:
mypc ~ $ firefox http://raspberrypi:8081/
Example 3: HTTP Server with mjpg-streamer or vlc (obsolete, see example #11)
There are two alternatives here: one is mjpg-streamer, the other one is vlc (high framerate, low resolution, DEPRECATED since v1.8).
mjpg-streamer is an HTTP Server, the source code can be downloaded from http://sourceforge.net/projects/mjpg-streamer/ ; once compiled, load the driver and run mjpg-streamer:
raspberrypi ~ $ uv4l --driver raspicam --auto-video_nr --width 640 --height 480Now you can connect to the server and watch the output from the camera
mypc ~ $ firefox http://raspberrypi:8080/stream.htmlLater we will see how to profit by this server for a video-conferincing solution.
VLC can be downloaded from the Raspbian repository:
raspberrypi ~ $ sudo apt-get install vlcA good configuration for the server is 352x288 at 10fps:
raspberrypi ~ $ uv4l --driver raspicam --auto-video_nr --framerate 10The server can now be reached at http://raspberrypi:8080/video.mjpg .
Example 4: Capture and display with OpenCV
Here is the source code of a simple program using the OpenCV libraries to continuosly capture and display video frames from the camera.
First we should make sure that the opencv libraries are installed, afterwards we need to download the source code and compile it:
raspberrypi ~ $ sudo apt-get install libopencv-devThe above command will also link libuv4lext to the executable directly so that it will not be necessary to set the LD_PRELOAD environment variable before executing the program.
Now we can run the driver and test the program. If you are on a remote host, to actually see the window showing the output from the camera, you might have to be logged via ssh -X to your raspberry:
raspberrypi ~ $ uv4l --driver raspicam --auto-video_nr --encoding yuv420 --width 320 --height 240
Example 5: Use the Camera Board on the Rpi as a (virtual) camera plugged into another PC
Here we go:
Step 1. Install UV4L and the MJPEGStream driver on your PC (download the packages for Ubuntu, or a generic archive), then upgrade UV4L on the Rpi to the latest version.
Step 2. Follow the instructions given at the Example 11 to have an MJPEG Streaming Server running on your Rpi.
Step 3. Make a virtual Video4Linux2 device on your PC from the above stream with the following command:
mypc ~ $ uv4l --driver mjpegstream --auto-video_nr --uri http://raspberrypi:8080/stream/video.jpegNow you have a device registered as /dev/video0 (or higher) on your PC that you can use as you prefer, for example:
mypc ~ $ LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/uv4l/uv4lext/x86_64/libuv4lext.so jitsior
mypc ~ $ vlc v4l2:///dev/video0The LD_PRELOAD environment variable has to be set for some applications. If you are in doubt, always specify it.
Jitsi is a video-conferencing tool which can be downloaded at https://jitsi.org/
Example 6: Set up a RealTime Streaming Server (RTSP) (see example #11 for HTTP server)
Install the required packages:
raspberrypi ~ $ sudo apt-get install vlcRun UV4L with the raspicam driver:
raspberrypi ~ $ uv4l --driver raspicam --auto-video_nr --framerate 25Give a RealTime scheduling policy to the driver process for better perfomance (which is the same as running uv4l with sudo uv4l --sched-rr):
raspberrypi ~ $ sudo chrt -a -r -p 99 `pgrep uv4l`Run the RealTime Streaming Server on your Raspberry Pi with the preferred resolution:
raspberrypi ~ $ LD_PRELOAD='' cvlc v4l2:///dev/video0 --v4l2-width 640 --v4l2-height 480 --v4l2-chroma h264 --sout '#rtp{sdp=rtsp://:8554/}'Now you can connect to your Raspberry Pi from the client, for example (don't forget the final slash):
mypc ~ $ vlc rtsp://raspberrypi:8554/where raspberrypi is the host name or IP of your RaspberryPi.
You can set any image property on the fly (while the camera is streaming). For example, to list all the available controls and change the brightness:
raspberrypi ~ $ sudo apt-get install v4l-utilsA more user-friendly interface for changing the image properties while streaming with this/any method is the Conrol Panel web page coming along with the HTTP Sreaming Server plug-in for UV4L (see example #11 for more details)
Example 7: FFmpeg Server & avconv
Install avconv on raspbian and ffmpeg on the streaming server host. Run UV4L with the raspicam driver:
raspberrypi ~ $ uv4l --driver raspicam --auto-video_nr --framerate 25Give a RealTime scheduling policy to the driver process for better perfomance (which is the same as running uv4l with sudo uv4l --sched-rr):
raspberrypi ~ $ sudo chrt -a -r -p 99 `pgrep uv4l`Run the FFmpeg Streaming Server starting from the simple configuration file below:
server ~ $ wget http://linux-projects.org/downloads/examples/ffserver.confFeed the server from your RaspberryPi:
raspberrypi ~ $ export LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/uv4l/uv4lext/armv6l/libuv4lext.sowhere raspberrypi is the host name or IP of your RaspberryPi and server the host name of you streaming server (they can be the same hots).
Now you can get the video stream via VLC, for example:
mypc ~ $ vlc http://server:8080/raspicam.mjpegI think this will give you about ~15fps. If you know more efficient configurations with ffmpeg, let me know.
Example 8: Setup an RTMP Server (in H264 full res, 30fps) with crtmpserver and FFMpeg (see example #11 for HTTP server)
Get a recent version of FFMpeg from http://www.ffmpeg.org/ , compile the sources and install the binaries on your RaspberryPi. Do NOT use the default ffmpeg binary from the Raspbian repository, as it won't work.
Install crtmpserver on the Streaming Server machine and rtmpdump on the client. The server host can be your RaspberryPi itself or a different machine:
server ~ $ sudo apt-get install crtmpserverAdd the crtmpserver log directory:
server ~ $ sudo mkdir /var/log/crtmpserverFind and change these values in /etc/crtmpserver/applications/flvplayback.lua:
validateHandshake=false,Restart crtmpserver:
server ~ $ sudo /etc/init.d/crtmpserver restartNow load the raspicam driver with a RealTime priority, set the preferred resolution in H264 and run ffmpeg:
raspberrypi ~ $ sudo uv4l --sched-rr --driver raspicam --auto-video_nrNow you can dump the RTMP video on the client and see it:
mypc ~ $ rtmpdump -r "rtmp://server/flvplayback/myStream" --live -o foo.flvOr directly:
mypc ~ $ vlc "rtmp://server/flvplayback/myStream live=1"
Example 9: Full fps, Live Text Overlay (over video)
Text Overlay is a driver feature which allows you to put text lines onto video frames on-the-fly. Text Overlay works with almost all the video formats supported by the driver (mjpeg, h264, yuv420, bgr24, etc...). Drawing properties of each line such as position, color, font, thickness, scale and also the data itself are read from a JSON file specified via command line when the driver is loaded. If you load the driver with text overlay enabled but don't specify any file, the driver attempts to open a file from a default path (see the manual for more details). As an interesting note, the default file contains a special tag as metadata which instructs the driver to overlay the live framerate. The driver will parse the file when the camera is opened the first time or every time an explicit command is given (see below). A failure on validating the JSON file will not be considered a blocking error.
One full example of JSON file with comments can be found here, which results in something like this image. Comments are ignored.
Text overlay can be turned on and off at any time. By sending a standard Video4Linux2 command to the driver (see the example below), it is possible to instantaneously turn on text overlay (if not already on) and make the driver reparse the JSON file for any new text to be overlaied. If you plan to apply changes very frequently during streaming, it is suggested that you place the file in a ramdisk (i.e. under /tmp) for better performance.
It is required to specify the full path to the JSON file when loading the driver. This can be done with the --text-filename command line option. The path cannot be changed later. However, specifying the --text-overlay option makes the driver start with text overlay enabled, but it is not mandatory to do this when loading the driver, you can optionally enable it later.
For example:
raspberrypi ~ $ uv4l --driver raspicam --width 640 --height 480 --auto-video_nr --encoding h264 --text-overlay --text-filename=/tmp/text.jsonTo turn text overlay off, type:
raspberrypi ~ $ v4l2-ctl --set-ctrl=text_overlay=0To turn text overlay on at any time:
raspberrypi ~ $ v4l2-ctl --set-ctrl=text_overlay=1v4l2-ctl is a standard linux tool. As mentioned, the above command will also make the driver reparse the JSON file and immediately draw all the text lines described there onto the video stream.
NOTE 1: if you want to turn on text-overlay while the camera is in use by another application AND text-overlay was turned off when that application opened the Camera, you need to close that application first.
NOTE 2: when text-overlay is enabled, Image width and height should be multiple of 16.
To show what fancy things you can do with the Text Overlay feature, below we will see how to add a simple text animation to your video stream with the help of a very simple program called uv4l-overlay. The source code can be found here, while the binary can be found here. Run it as in the following example:
raspberrypi ~ $ ./uv4l-overlay /dev/video0 /tmp/text.json "Hello World, this is a simple text animation"It's not necessary to run uv4l-overlay after you have started the capture with some application. Also, note that in this case the /tmp/text.json argument is exactly the path to the file (in memory) at which the driver is currently pointing.
The resulting effect is something like this!
If you notice glitches in the moving text, that's because the simple micro sleep's in the loop in the example program are not always accurate. Feel free to fix this flaw. In short, modify the few lines of source code above so that the effect can best fit your needs, recompile and... have fun!
Example 10: Real-time Object Detection and Object Tracking
Live Object Detection and Object Tracking can be optionally turned on and off at any time. These features work with the following video modes: yuv420, h264, mjpeg (video), jpeg (continuous stills or snapshots), webrtc.
The following example is reasonably efficient for face detection on a RaspberryPi 1 with a ~15fps video at 320x240 resolution, while the RaspberryPi 2 can easily do 640x480 at 30fps:
raspberrypi ~ $ uv4l --driver raspicam --auto-video_nr --object-detection --min-object-size 80 80 --main-classifier /usr/share/uv4l/raspicam/lbpcascade_frontalface.xml --object-detection-mode accurate_detection --width 320 --height 240 --framerate 15 --encoding h264As you can see, you can specify the path to the preferred cascade classifier that the driver shall be using for object detection.
As another example, face tracking can be enabled in a similar way as detection, with the exception that you should also specify a secondary classifier specifically suited for the tracking algorithm:
raspberrypi ~ $ uv4l --driver raspicam --auto-video_nr --object-detection --min-object-size 80 80 --main-classifier /usr/share/uv4l/raspicam/lbpcascade_frontalface.xml --secondary-classifier /usr/share/uv4l/raspicam/lbpcascade_frontalface.xml --object-detection-mode accurate_tracking --width 320 --height 240 --framerate 15 --encoding h264Whenever objects are detected on the image, they will be surrounded by white rectangles. Other classifiers are available from the OpenCV framework.
To turn off object detection/tracking on-the-fly, type:
raspberrypi ~ $ v4l2-ctl --set-ctrl=object_detection=0To turn it on again:
raspberrypi ~ $ v4l2-ctl --set-ctrl=object_detection=1NOTE: if you want to turn on obect detection while the camera is in use by another application AND object detection was turned off when that application opened the Camera, you might need to close that application first.
Example 11: Real-time HTTP/HTTPS Streaming Server with the native uv4l-server module
The uv4l-server module is a plug-in specific for UV4L which enables a per-camera Streaming Server that can be simultaneously accessed by any browser over HTTP or HTTPS protocols.
It offers a Web interface from which it's possible to see the video stream in various ways and a Control Page allowing to fully control the camera settings while streaming with any Video4Linux application. Other than secure HTTPS protocol, basic authentication for both the normal and admin users is also supported.
To install the module simply follows the instructions provided here. That's all. Next time you run uv4l, it will automatically load the plug-in and run the server.
All the URLs appearing in the below examples are based on the insecure HTTP protocol for simplicity, but the remember that the Streaming Server also supports secure HTTPS protocol if SSL is enabled (see the manual for more informations). In this case, to make the examples work it will be enough to replace http:// with https:// in the URLs.
By default the homepage of the server can be accessed at the following address: http://raspberrypi:8080 (where raspberrypi has to be replaced with the actual hostname or IP of the RaspberryPi in your network).
You do not necessarily need a browser to see the video streams. In the examples below we will be using VLC as an alternative application to display the video. From within VLC it's possible to see, transcode and record into a file - at the same time - almost any kind of stream formats over HTTP/HTTPS.
If you want to directly get the MJPEG (Video) stream over HTTP from the server, type from the client:
client ~ $ cvlc http://raspberrypi:8080/stream/video.mjpegIf you want to get the raw H264 stream over HTTP from the server, type:
client ~ $ cvlc http://raspberrypi:8080/stream/video.h264 --demux h264If you want to get the JPEG stream (as continuous Stills) over HTTP from the server, type:
client ~ $ cvlc http://raspberrypi:8080/stream/video.jpegIf you want to get a single snapshot in JPEG after a given delay specified in the URL (5 seconds in this example) and record it to a file, type:
client ~ $ wget http://raspberrypi:8080/stream/snapshot.jpeg?delay_s=5 -O snapshot.jpegIf you want to password protect any stream from unauthenticated users, you can use the --user-password server option, as in the following example:
raspberrypi ~ $ uv4l --auto-video_nr --driver raspicam --encoding h264 --server-option '--user-password=myp4ssw0rd'A proper HTTP client should now be able to authenticate the user from a standard URL in the form:
client ~ $ cvlc http://user:myp4ssw0rd@raspberrypi:8080/stream/video.h264 --demux h264In case you do not want, for some reasons, enable the server when uv4l is run, you will have to explicitly pass the --enable-server off command line option, for example:
raspberrypi ~ $ uv4l --auto-video_nr --driver raspicam --enable-server offAs another example, the following will make the server listen to port 9000 (instead of the default one) and prompt the user for the specified 'admin' password when accessing the Control Page:
raspberrypi ~ $ uv4l --auto-video_nr --driver raspicam --encoding mjpeg --server-option '--port=9000' --server-option '--admin-password=myp4ssw0rd'
Example 12: Compute Module: stereoscopic vision
Since stereoscopic vision is disabled by default, to enable it you must specify the --stereoscopic-mode option when loading the driver. Here is a basic example:
raspberrypi ~ $ uv4l --driver raspicam --auto-video_nr --stereoscopic-mode=side_by_side --encoding=mjpeg --width=2360 --height=720With the stereoscopic mode specified above two 1280x720 image captures will be placed side by side in the final video frame; another mode is top_bottom. Other (not mandatory) options affecting stereoscopic vision are --decimate to enable frame decimation and --camera-number to set the primary and secondary camera ports (please refer to the manual for more details).
Example 13: Compute Module: use Dual Cameras separately
Instead of having the two camera images packed side by side or one above the other to form the final frame - as in a typical stereoscopic scenario - you may want to access, configure and stream from each camera separately, yet at the same time eventually. This can be simply done by running two instances of uv4l with the --camera-number command line option correctly specified (and no --stereoscopic-mode specified), thus one process per camera.
For example, we can create the first device node for the camera connected to the CAM1 port. Let's configure it as 1280x768, H264:
raspberrypi ~ $ uv4l --driver raspicam --auto-video_nr --encoding=h264 --width=1280 --height=768 --camera-number=0If the uv4l-server plugin has been already installed, the above command will also make the camera accessible from the network at the default HTTP port 8080.
Now let's create the second device node for the other camera connected to the CAM0 port, configured as 640x480, MJPEG this time, and have an associated HTTP Server listening to port 9000:
raspberrypi ~ $ uv4l --driver raspicam --auto-video_nr --encoding=mjpeg --width=640 --height=480 --camera-number=1 --server-option='--port=9000'Okay. Now we have the two cameras registered as different device nodes. This means we can access them individually through /dev/video0 and /dev/video1 with any Video4Linux2-complaint application. Or, if you prefer, we can get the streams directly from the two embedded HTTP Streaming Servers:
client ~ $ cvlc http://raspberrypi:8080/stream/video.h264 --demux h264
Example 14. Start or Join a Multi Peer-to-Peer Audio/Video Conference with WebRTC
It's possible to start a new conference or join an existing one from any browser (on PC, Smartphone, Tablet...). No configuration is required. The only requirement is that the peers support the WebRTC protocol. Almost all browsers support WebRTC nowadays. To also make your RaspberryPi 2 WebRTC-capable without the need of any browser, it's enough to install the UV4L Streaming Server and the WebRTC extension on it according to these instructions.
Once installed, to start a new conference simply connect to your RaspberryPi 2 at the (default) URL below. You can use your preferred browser from your PC or from the Raspberry Pi itself (iceweasel, in the latter case):
http://raspberrypi:8080/conference(where raspberrypi has to be replaced with the real address of your RaspberryPi 2). If you are using iceaweasel on your Raspberry Pi and get sort of connection errors when audio is enabled (it is by default), consider installing pulseaudio, then reboot and retry.
A page similar to this example should appear. Now read the few notes at the beginning of the page and click Start New Conference when ready, then share the current link with the other participants and wait for them to join the conference.
NOTE: if the other participants are on a different network, you may want to copy and make the above example web page available on your web server somewhere on internet or just try it at that URL.
If you want to join an existing conference instead, simply ask the other partecipants for the URL where they can be reached at, open that URL in your preferred browser and press the Join button.
Note: the Signalling Server Address field present in the page should be automatically set to the address of the RaspberryPi 2 host in your network. Fix it if you have problems or think that is not correct.
Example 15. Live Desktop & Audio Streaming to the browser with WebRTC
Have you ever wanted to stream your Raspberry Pi 2 desktop to a Web page in your browser? Well, you can do this with UV4L. You just need to install or update the UV4L core module, the xscreen driver, the Streaming Server plug-in and the WebRTC extension according to these instructions.
Once done, make sure the X server is started whenever the system boots (raspi-config will tell you) and edit /boot/config.txt to set the screen resolution as follows:
framebuffer_width=640(this is the only supported resolution at the moment, others may be supported in the future). Save and reboot.
When ready, login into your Raspberry Pi 2 again and load the xscreen driver:
raspberrypi ~ $ uv4l --driver xscreen --auto-video_nr --display :0 --framerate 10 --server-option '--port=9000'Ignore the warning. In the above example, note that a new video device has been registered as /dev/video1. It's the node of a new virtual device representing your desktop. You can use this device with any Video4Linux2-compliant application! Also, note that /dev/video0 is busy. It is in use by something else: it may well be another intance of uv4l (and another Streaming Server) running the camera (e.g. as shown in example 14).
Okay, let's go ahead. Open your browser and type the URL pointing to the Streaming Server:
http://raspberrypi:9000/stream/webrtc(where raspberrypi has to be replaced with the real address of your RPi)
A page similar to this should appear. Finally, press Start and watch the live stream from your desktop! If a michrophone is attached to your Raspberry Pi, you should be getting the audio stream too.
Another funny thing you may want to try is to share your desktop with other people in a audio/video conference (see example 14).
Example 16. How to broadcast or have bidirectional live audio and video conferences to/in a Jitsi Meet Room over the Web
If you do not already know what Jitsi Meet is, here is the official homepage. Jitsi Meet allows you to create and join video calls over the Web (even as a simple viewer). Some of its features are: encrypted by default, no account needed, invite by pretty URL https:// MySite.com/OurConf
Thanks to UV4L it is possible to create or join an existing room and broadcast live video and audio to all the participants or viewers in the room from a camera and a microphone connected to the Raspberry Pi. It's also possible to automatically hear and see other participants if you have speakers and display (HDMI, touchscreen, etc...) connected to the Raspberry Pi. Of course, other participants can be other Raspberry Pi's. The great news is that you do not need any browser installed on the Raspberry Pi to do this.
It's necessary to install the required packages before proceeding: uv4l, uv4l-server, uv4l-webrtc, uv4l-xmpp-bridge and one video driver (e.g. uv4l-raspicam, uv4l-uvc, etc...). Please refer to these installation instructions for more details.
To start and stop streaming to a particular Jitsi Meet server (called videobridge), it's enough to invoke the corresponding commands by means of the UV4L Streaming Server installed on the Raspberry Pi. This can be done in two ways.
The first convenient way is through a browser by using the Jitsi Meet control page available at the URL the Streaming Server itself is listening to (e.g. http://myraspberrypi:8080), from which it's possible to specify all the mandatory informations (i.e. XMPP and/or BOSH signalling server, chat room, your username and password) required to establish a connection and to click on start/stop buttons in order to join or leave the specified room respectively.
The second way is to invoke the start/stop commands via HTTP/GET requests sent to the Streaming Server from command line. For example, to start streaming to the videobridge which is at the base of the official, free-access Jitsi Meet service at meet.jit.si, type (in one line):
curl -s 'http://raspberrypi:port/xmpp?xmpp?server=meet.jit.si&port=5222&muc=conference.meet.jit.si&room=testroom&room_password=&username=tester&password=&bosh_enable=1&bosh_tls=1&bosh_server=meet.jit.si&bosh_port=443&bosh_hostname=meet.jit.si&reconnect=1&action=Start' > /dev/nullwhere raspberrypi will have to be replaced with the real hostname of your Raspberry Pi in your network (it can be localhost if you are executing the command from within your Raspberry Pi) and 8080 will have to be replaced with the real port number the Streaming Server is listening to (8080 is the default). The above command will make the Raspberry Pi create or join a conference at http://meet.jit.si/myroom .
Please note the parameters in the URL that you are allowed to specify:
- server (XMPP server hostname or ip address)
- port (port the XMPP server is listening to)
- muc (multiuser chat domain)
- room (desired room you want to join or create)
- room_password (room password, if the room is protected)
- username (desired username in the chat room)
- password (password if the server is password protected)
- reconnect (try to reconnect after disconnection)
- bosh_enable (1 if you want to use BOSH signalling, 0 otherwise)
- bosh_server (usually HTTP(S) server hostname for BOSH)
- bosh_tls (1 for HTTPS, 0 otherwise)
- bosh_port (typically 443 for HTTPS, 80 for HTTP)
- bosh_hostname (connection manager hostname, typically the same as bosh_server)
- action (Start or Stop streaming)
All the above settings can be optionally specified once for all in the UV4L configuration file (except action) (see the uv4l-webrtc manual for more details).
Similarly, to stop streaming:
curl -s 'http://raspberrypi:8080/xmpp?action=Stop' > /dev/nullIf you are protectng the UV4L Streaming Server with a password, then the above URL will not work. In this case, you must specify user and password in the URL as in the below example:
curl -s 'http://user:myp4ssw0rd@raspberrypi:8080/xmpp? [etc...]'
Example 17. Webinars and Video Conferences in Full HD with the Janus WebRTC Gateway
Please keep an eye on this tutorial as it will be being kept updated frequently whenever any new functionalities are added
The Janus WebRTC Gateway is a general purpose lightweight gateway implementing the means to set up WebRTC media communications between peers. In many ways, Janus is similar to Jitsi (as examined in the previous example). Janus is so light that can easily run on a Raspberry Pi! It's also extremely powerful in that it is highly customizable and offers some unique features like video room recording, codec & bitrate selection, live audio and video stream forwarding to a RTP server, and so on...We will not see how to build, install and configure Janus in this tutorial, as this is well explained in the official Janus documentation, so from now on we'll be assuming that one instance of Janus already deployed somewhere - and there is indeed one public video room available here, which may be useful for testing purposes.
In the WebRTC world a peer is usually a browser, but not necessarily, as in this case. In facts, with UV4L it's possible to turn a Raspberry Pi optionally equipped with camera, microphone, speakers and display into a full WebRTC-compliant peer able to connect to a given Janus Gateway and create or join a given video room "on the cloud" for publishing your own live feed and/or subscribing to audio/video live feeds from any participants in the room (of course, any other participant in the room is free to use a Raspberry Pi rather than a browser). This publish/subscribe model allows the realization of several different scenarios, ranging from a simple webinar (one speaker, several listeners) to a fully meshed video conference (each peer sending and receiving to and from all the others)! Again, there is no need of any browser installed on the Raspberry Pi. There is also no need of a X server or GUI to display the video from the other participants.
Before proceeding, it's necessary to install the required packages, which are: uv4l, uv4l-server, uv4l-webrtc, and one video driver (e.g. uv4l-raspicam, uv4l-uvc, etc...). Please refer to these installation instructions for more details.
To start and stop streaming to a particular room, it's enough to invoke the corresponding commands by means of the UV4L Streaming Server installed on the Raspberry Pi. This can be done in two ways.
The first convenient way is through a browser (e.g. on a PC or smartphone) by using the Janus control page available at the URL where the Streaming Server itself is running (e.g. http://myraspberrypi:8080). In this web page it's possible to insert all the mandatory informations (i.e. gateway URL, room, pin, and username) required to establish a connection and to start or stop a session in order to join or leave the specified room respectively. The page should look similar to this. Unless it is specified otherwise, all the mandatory fields in the page (except username and few others probably) are filled automatically with some default values which allow you to quickly join the the public video room mentioned in the introduction of this example.
The second way is to invoke the start/stop commands via HTTP/GET requests sent to the Streaming Server from command line. For example, to start a session by joining the default video room at the public Janus DEMO instance, type (in one line):
curl -s 'http://raspberrypi:8080/janus?gateway_url=http://janus.conf.meetecho.com:8088&gateway_root=/janus&room=1234&room_pin=&username=test&proxy_host=&proxy_port=80&proxy_password=&proxy_bypass=&token=&publish=1&subscribe=0&hw_vcodec=0&vformat=60&reconnect=1&action=Start' > /dev/nullwhere raspberrypi will have to be replaced with the real hostname of your Raspberry Pi in your network (it can be localhost if you are executing the command from within your Raspberry Pi) and 8080 will have to be replaced with the real port number the Streaming Server is listening to (8080 is the default).
This is a list of the parameters that can appear in the URL (those in bold are mandatory):
- gateway_url: URL of the Janus Geteway;
- gateway_root: root on the gateway, /janus if you do not know;
- room: room number to join or create if it does not exist;
- username: you preferred name in the room
- room_pin: PIN if the room is protected;
- token: authentication token to be used for all the requests sent to the Janus Geteway;
- publish: 1 if you want to broadcast your own audio/video to the room, 0 otherwise;
- subscribe: 1 if you want to subscribe for other's audio/video feeds, 0 otherwise;
- hw_vcodec: 1 if you want to make use of the hardware codecs on the device (if supported);
- vformat: code for video resolution and frame rate (see the manual);
- reconnect: 1 to try to reconnect on unexpected disconnections, 0 otherwise;
- proxy_host: optional HTTP proxy to use for the all requests to the Janus Gateway;
- proxy_port
- proxy_password
- proxy_bypass
- action: Start or Stop to commit the parameters and to start or gracefully stop the session.
Please read the uv4l-server manual for more informations on all the parameters that you are allowed to specify in the URL or in the UV4L configuration file (as default values). In the manual you will also find many others non Janus-specific options which can affect the streaming (one is example is the default video codec to use between VP8, VP9, hardware-encoded H264)
Similarly, to terminate a session in progress and leave the video room:
curl -s 'http://raspberrypi:8080/janus?action=Stop' > /dev/nullIf you are protecting the UV4L Streaming Server with a password, then the above URL will not work. In this case, you must specify user and password in the URL as in the below example:
curl -s 'http://user:myp4ssw0rd@raspberrypi:8080/janus? [etc...]'If the UV4L Streaming Server is running on HTTPS instead, you want to add the -k option to curl and specify 'https://[...]' in the URL.
Example 18. UV4L the Internet of Things with WebRTC Data Channels
New releases of the WebRTC extension for UV4L support WebRTC data channels. To know how to install or update the UV4L suite, please read these instructions.
By means of UV4L, WebRTC data channels allow real-time, secure and full-duplex data exchange between a remote WebRTC-complaint peer (e.g. a browser) and a third-party application running on localhost. By default the data channel is bundled onto the same transport as audio and video tracks.
In other words, the data flow that is made possible by UV4L can be represented as follows:
your app <--(unix domain socket)--> UV4L <--(WebRTC data channel)--> remote peer
UV4L acts as bridge connecting two parties of a communication channel. It instantly relays any incoming or outgoing messages from one endpoint to the other. As UV4L and the application endpoint are two different processes running on the same host (thus, are "local" with respect to each other), the inter-process communication is best accomplished with a Unix Domain Socket of type SOCK_SEQPACKET (type SOCK_SEQPACKET is for a reliable connection-oriented socket that preserves message boundaries and delivers messages in the order that they were sent).
In order to communicate with UV4L, the only requirement of the local application is that it has to create the agreed unix domain socket, listen and accept incoming connections (from UV4L). In facts, after having created, offered and established the WebRTC data channel with the remote peer on one side, UV4L attempts to open the local socket on the other side. One attempt every second is automatically made until it gets connected or on possible connection failures. Once the local connection is ready, the local application can start to send or receive any messages to or from the remote peer transparently by simply writing or reading to or from the socket respectively. When the WebRTC connection with the remote peer terminates, UV4L closes the socket in turn, so to terminate the connection with the application.
The uv4l-webrtc package comes with a simple echo server demonstrating the overall concept. Every time it receives a message, it sends the same message back to the sender. The source code is here. It can be invoked at any time as follows:
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ datachannel_server /tmp/uv4l.socketTo quickly test data channels through the Web interface, open the WebRTC Web page at the UV4L Streaming Server. There you will see a "Data Channel" section with an input and an output text fields inside. Start an audio/video call as usual. At this point the data channel should be open too, fill the input field with any message and click on the send button to send it to the echo server. You will immediately receive the same message back and have it displayed on the output field.
WebRTC data channels are enabled by default with /tmp/uv4l.socket as default path for the socket. The default values can be changed through the relevant options from command line or in the configuration file. Please refer to the uv4l-server manual for more details.
IMPORTANT: If you want to use WebRTC data channels with the Janus Gateway, make sure it is built with WebRTC data channel flag turned on, or the connection will be denied by Janus and will fail miserably.
|[ Back to UV4L, Userspace Video4Linux framework | Return to Sections Index | ]


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- 52Promote
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Thank you, Noblackcolor! :)
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Investing.com -
Investing.com - European stocks held steady in quiet trade on
Friday, after strong gains were posted on Thursday following
comments by European Central Bank President Mario Draghi and as
downbeat German factory data weighed.
During European afternoon trade, the DJ Euro Stoxx 50 fell
0.15%, France's CAC 40 eased 0.05%, while Germany's DAX dipped
European equities strengthened on Thursday after ECB President
Mario Draghi reiterated the bank's forward guidance that rates will
remain on hold at present or lower levels for an extended
He emphasized that "the governing council is also unanimous in
its commitment to use unconventional instruments' if necessary, to
address the risk of too-prolonged period of low inflation."
Earlier Friday, official data showed that German factory orders
dropped 1.7% in May, compared to expectations for a 1.0% decline,
after an increase of 3.4% in April, whose figure was revised up
from a previously estimated 3.1% rise.
Financial stocks pushed broadly lower, as French lenders Societe
Generale (PARIS:SOGN) and BNP Paribas (PARIS:BNPP) plummeted 1.77%
and 1.72%, while Germany's Commerzbank (XETRA:CBKG) and Deutsche
Bank (XETRA:DBKGn) tumbled 1.82% and 1.18%.
Among peripheral lenders, Intesa Sanpaolo (MILAN:ISP) and
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In London, commodity-heavy FTSE 100 inched up 0.06%, although
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Shares in Bhp Billiton (LONDON:BLT) edged down 0.08% and Rio
Tinto (LONDON:RIO) slid 0.33%, while Fresnillo (LONDON:FRES)
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partially paralysed woman fly unaccompanied to her son's
In the U.S., markets were to remain closed for the fourth of
July holiday.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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Finally I redid this piece! It is still not that ideal as I want, but I guess it is MUCH better then before
Draw this again meme: fav.me/d6rj03z
note: this is a dragon, not a gryphon.
Daily DeviationGiven 2014-01-13
Maihalt by ~AironMag ( Suggested by Miisu and Featured by Thiefoworld )
This is beyond amazing! c:
How do you have that effect... like it's a paper?
How do you have that effect... like it's a paper?
Thanks It is texture
beyond cool me phriend! ph
I really love your work with the lighting in this, excellent job
Nice work, I love the vibrant colors
u're really good at drawing the fire and light reflections!
it looks so realistic!
Wonderful work
Love the facial expression.
Шикарная работа! Я тоже ее предлагал на ДД, правда, гораздо раньше ^^
Спасибо, она видимо ждала своего часа
That is awesome!
A real masterpice,with wonderful artwork and superb coloring! Congratulations! The characters come from some RPG or game?
No they are just for my own)
thats amazing!!! how long did it take ya??
Beautifully amazing! A bit lonesome, but beautiful still!
Amazing and well detailed!


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Welcome! We are thrilled that you will be joining the Chapman Family! Orientation is designed to officially introduce you to Chapman University and provide you with information about campus resources and services that will be available throughout your academic journey. Orientation also provides you with a chance to meet other incoming Chapman graduate students so be prepared to meet new people, network and possibly make new friends! Refreshments Will Be Served.
2015 Spring semester or have been admitted for the 2015 Fall semester.
need not register for or attend this orientation.


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Obituaries - Condolences - Click Here
Bacchi Funeral Home and Crematory, Ltd. has been serving the Bridgeport area since 1952. Losing a loved one can make even the smallest of decisions very difficult. Emotions often cloud one's ability to focus on all the minor details and intricacies that accompany funeral preparations. With Bacchi Funeral Home, we ensure that your funeral arrangement decisions are as simple as possible. We are licensed in Pennsylvania and Delaware and serve New Castle County, DE; Chester County, PA; Delaware County, PA; Philadelphia, PA; Bucks County, PA; Montgomery County, PA. We provide the highest quality of service for reasonable prices.
We believe that it is an honor to serve your family, and we strive to exceed your expectations. We provide all funeral and cemetery services, including a full range of cremation services, cemetery options, a continuing care program that extends beyond ceremonies, and complete prearrangement services. Our well-trained, professional staff not only takes care of funeral arrangements so you don't have to, but we also offer emotional support to you and your family in your time of need.
We offer traditional visitations and funerals, as well as cremation, personalization to honor the life of your loved one.
Of all the ways one can express love, one of the most thoughtful involves funeral planning before the need arises.
Around the clock, around the year, we are here to offer information and guidance. Please feel free to call, or send us an email. Thank you.
Our Mission Statement
We are here to help your family and friends honor your loved ones. The Bacchi staff will guide your family toward the creation of a meaningful ceremony that cherishes and honors the life and memory of your loved one. The services we provide can be anything you wish, from simple to elaborate, traditional to unique. No matter what you prefer, our services provide important moments that aid your friends and family in coping with and overcoming your loss. Thank you.