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How Dan Barber and Martha Stewart Had Their Big Creative Breakthroughs
"It was revelatory. I felt like I'd never tasted an egg before."By Grub Street
"It was revelatory. I felt like I'd never tasted an egg before."By Grub Street
Our critic samples the simulacra.By Adam Platt
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It was last seen at the wastED pop-up at Blue Hill.By Sierra Tishgart
"It's part of the DNA of what it means to be a chef," Barber says.By Sierra Tishgart
"Some chefs push to the front, like, 'Hey do you have my order?' That doesn't work."By Edna Ishayik
The so-called political "'It couple' of the year" are keeping it low-key.By Hugh Merwin
Today's Leftovers.
The event takes place October 26-28.By Hugh Merwin
Plus: Valentine's Day at Il Buco, and more, in today's Leftovers.
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Why yes, there is a workshop called "Introduction to Food Photography: A Beginner's Guide to Making Bacon Look Sexy."By Hugh Merwin
Silk suits, Air Jordans, strapless dresses, and more sartorial choices from last night's big event.By Grub Street
Here's what you missed at this year's New York Culinary Experience.By Jessica Goodman
Here's what moved (what shaked, too) on the 2013 list.By Hugh Merwin
Tomatoes straight from the UWS.By Hugh Merwin
Brave new calories.By Hugh Merwin
We don't need another cocktail fork.By Hugh Merwin
The Chez Panisse legend is pushing a petition to her peers.By Hadley Tomicki


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Dana V.
I have years of experience taking care of the elderly. I would usually cook, take them out to run errands, pay bills. I would also assist with light housekeeping. I would also take them out when they need to socialize with friends (drop off and pick up). The elderly basically wants to maintain their independence, and appreciate the help that I provided.


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|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Número de solicitud
|Fecha de publicación
|21 Sep 2004
|Fecha de presentación
|25 Ago 2000
|Fecha de prioridad
|25 Ago 2000
|También publicado como
|Número de publicación
|Kevin D. J. Bowden
|Cesionario original
|O-Two Systems International Inc.
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (34), Otras citas (9), Citada por (54), Clasificaciones (15), Eventos legales (6)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
The invention relates to a flow control valve for preventing gastric distention and aspiration of stomach contents due to excessive gas flow rates delivered to patients by controlling the flow rate of pressurized air from a manually operated resuscitation device, such as a Bag-Valve-Mask device, pocket mask, face shield, or endotracheal tube.
In the relevant art of pulmonary resuscitation using manually operated resuscitation devices, the Bag-Valve-Mask resuscitator (commonly referred to as a "BMV") has been the primary method of ventilating the patient in respiratory arrest for some 40 years. The BVM device is well known to those in the relevant art and examples of BVM designs are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,532,923 and 4,622,964 to Flynn. Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can be administered mouth-to-mouth without protection but recently to protect the patient and emergency medical personnel, use of various protective manually operated devices is common. For example, one way valves, patient exhalation valves and fabric shields are fitted to pocket masks and face shields in order to inhibit cross-contamination.
The clinical application of manually operated resuscitation devices including BVM devices, pocket masks, and face shields however is not based on scientific fact but rather on historical usage and the lack of an inexpensive alternative. Potentially dangerous excessive gas flow rates and pressure delivered to the patient have been documented using mechanical BVM's as well as the exhaled breath from the operator using pocket masks and face shields. The skill and training of the operator alone determines the efficacy of resuscitation when manually operated devices are used.
Clinical evidence that supports the use of BVMs is rare, whereas there is an abundance of evidence that clearly identifies BVMs as generally ineffective in providing adequate ventilations to the patient [for example, A. H. A. Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiac Care—J. A. M. A. Oct. 28, 1992:2171-2295].
The BVM consists of a self inflating balloon at one end having a one way intake valve that allows gas to be drawn into the balloon as the balloon recoils after it has been manually squeezed by the user. The intake valve self seals when the inflated bag is squeezed, and opens when the bag is permitted to recoil naturally. On the other end of the balloon, a one way output valve permits the gas to leave the bag when squeezed directing the flow of gas to the patient through a facemask, or other airway adjunct. The output valve opens when the inflated bag is squeezed, and self seals when the bag is permitted to recoil naturally. The output valve when sealed diverts the exhausted gas from the patient out through an expiratory port on the valve housing. As a result of cyclical manual squeezing and recoil of the balloon, gas is pumped through the balloon to the patient mask.
The original BVM was a development from the "Black Anaesthesia Bag" whereby the black bag was supported internally by a foam, self inflating balloon causing the bag to recoil to its original shape when the squeezed bag was permitted to recoil when released.
Many versions of the BVM have been developed all with the same negative feature, namely that the delivered flow, tidal volume, airway pressure and frequency are totally dependent upon the operator's skill and hand size. The inability to control the output from the BVM has been subject of many studies and has been well documented. Prior to creation of the present invention, this problem has not been overcome. [For example: Cummins R. O. et al, Ventilation Skills of Emergency Medical Technicians: A Teaching Challenge for Emergency Medicine, Ann. Emerg. Med, October 1986; 15:1187-1192; Stone B. J. et al, The Incidence of Regurgitation During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Comparison Between the Bag Valve Mask and Laryngeal Mask Airway, Resuscitation 38 (1998) 3-6; Elling, B. A. et al, An Evaluation of Emergency Medical Technician's Ability to Use Manual Ventilation Devices, Ann. Emerg. Med. 12:765-768, December 1983; Rhee, K. J. et al, Field Airway Management of the Trauma Patient, The Efficacy of Bag Mask Ventilation, Am. J. Emerg. Med. 1988;6:333-336; Manoranian, C. S. et al, Bag-Valve-Mask Ventilation; Two Rescuers Are Better Than One: Preliminary Report, Critical Care Medicine, 1985;13:122-123; Lande, S. et al, Comparing Ventilatory Techniques During CPR, J. E. M. S. May 1982; Harrison, R. R. et al, Mouth-to-Mouth Ventilaion: A Superior Method of Rescue Breathing, Ann. Emerg. Med., 11:74-76, February 1982].
Additionally, the requirements of ventilation have changed in recent years causing more concern over the use of the BVM and the volume, frequency of ventilation, airway pressures and flows that the average skilled operator can deliver. A number of the above clinical papers have documented this inability by even highly skilled operators to consistently deliver correct volumes and ventilation rates without causing problems for the patient including gastric distention and aspiration of stomach contents leading to patient morbidity and even death. Not only BVM's result in unsatisfactory ventilation but any manually operated resuscitation device including pocket masks and face shield yields similar results due to the reliance on the skill and training of the operator.
The quality of ventilation delivery when operator powered devices are used is particularly unpredictable and varies greatly according to experience, training and general coordination ability. To provide adequate ventilation, the emergency medical technician should pay attention to consistently timed tidal volumes of approximately equal volume and pressure dependant on the body size and age of the patient. However emergency care personnel are often under extreme stress and have many other duties to perform in urgent care situations that tend to reduce the attention and level of care directed to ventilation techniques.
While normal breathing requires muscle action (diaphragm, intercostals and others) to produce a negative pressure (subatmospheric or vacuum) within the chest to draw air into the lungs, artificial ventilation is accomplished by forcing air or oxygen into the lungs under an external positive pressure.
The positive pressure required to deliver a set volume (tidal volume) of gas to a patient is dependent on two factors: (1) the compliance, stiffness or elasticity of the lung, and (2) the resistance to gas flow within the conducting airways. For example, a "stiff" lung that is damaged by pulmonary fibrosis, disease or trauma requires a higher pressure to deliver a set tidal volume than a normal elastic lung. Similarly, gas will encounter less resistance through a normal airway that is not narrowed by bronchospasm or asthma, kinked by a poor airway opening technique, or plugged with blood, mucous, vomit or other debris.
As a result, manual and automatic ventilation techniques must accommodate a range of pressures. With a cormnon tidal volume of gas that is delivered, the patient's lung and airway condition will determine the pressure needed to ventilate the patient. However, there is a safe upper limit to the pressures that can be used to prevent lung damage. The danger of pneumothorax or lung rupture due to excessive pressures is considered to occur between 75 and 85 cmH2O.
Regarding the peak flow rates required to adequately ventilate an adult in respiratory arrest a generally accepted rate is a tidal volume of one liter at 12 breath cycles per minute. The breathing rate of 12 breath cycles/minute equals 5 seconds/breath cycle (60/12). Assuming that it takes about one half the length of time to inhale as to exhale (1:2 IE Ratio), the inhale portion of the breathing cycle takes approximately 1.5 seconds/inhaled breath (5 seconds/3=1.67 or approx. 1.5). The ideal flow rate therefore is approximately 40 liters/minute derived by (1 liter per inhaled breath/1.5 seconds per inhaled breath)×60 seconds per minute=40 liters per minute.
Therefore the accepted limit of ideal flow rate is in the order of 40 liters per minute and limit of maximum pressure is approximately 75 and 85 cmRH2O. Tests conducted however indicate that excessive peak flows of 200 liters/minute at pressures of 100 cmH2O are commonly delivered when fully trained emergency medical personnel use the manual ventilating techniques involving Bag-Valve-Masks and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, with patient isolating valves on pocket masks and face shields.
The problem in the emergency medical service field is that users generally perceive that they are competent in using the manual devices and that the manual devices and methods themselves are efficacious. Many technicians claim that the manual "feel" of the BVM allows them to make clinical judgements on the patient's lung condition. In reality what they are feeling is the backpressure created by the high flow rates generated when squeezing the bag too hard or for too short an inspiratory time. The backpressure condition masks the actual compliance and resistance of the patient's airway.
Judging from the clinical research, noted above, these beliefs are totally unfounded. Ideally, an automatic ventilator with appropriate patient condition monitoring circuits and cautionary alarms can be used to provide consistent care to the patient. However, due to the perceived high cost, many decision-makers are not persuaded to spend the extra funds on automatic devices since they perceive that the manually operated devices function efficiently. Such short term thinking does not consider the true cost of disposable BVMs, pocket masks and face shields including the risk to a patient's health by depending entirely on the skill and attention of an operator.
The prior art has proposed solutions that do not control the gas flow, but provide high pressure relief exhaust ports or an indication of the gas pressure within a BVM circuit. The prior art does not appear to recognize that excessive pressure and flow rates can be delivered from pocket masks and face shields as well.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,557,049 to Ratner discloses a disposable manometer, which is used on a BVM device to indicate the pressure of gas being delivered to the patient. The Ratner solution presumes that the user has time and attention available to view the manometer and adjust their ventilation efforts accordingly. However, in reality during literally life and death situations the operators are constantly preoccupied. The bag-valve-mask requires almost continuous contact with one hand of the user and thereby imposes extreme limitations on their actions. In an effort to accomplish more than one task at a time, the operator can easily neglect the bag-valve-mask or deliver inconsistent ventilation to the patient.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,722,394 to Loescher shows an example of a BVM including a high pressure exhaust valve. U.S. Pat. No. 5,537,998 to Bauman provides a spring loaded piston which serves to detect and exhaust excess air pressure in a simple manual resuscitator with vent ports open depending on the extent of internal pressure delivered to the patient with the manual resuscitator.
None of the prior art devices specifically prevent stomach aspiration and distention by controlling the flow rate, pressure or volume of gas with any degree of accuracy.
It is an object of the present invention to control the flow of gas during respiratory resuscitation thereby limiting the gas flow between a minimum and maximum being manually delivered by the operator.
It is a further object of the invention to provide control of gas flow by modifying the established disposable BVM, pocket mask or face shield to ensure acceptance with minimal increase in price.
Further objects of the invention will be apparent from review of the disclosure and description of the invention below.
The invention relates to an improved bag-valve-mask (BVM) device with flow control valve to eliminate the danger of patient distension and aspiration of stomach contents during ventilation. The BVM having the usual patient mask with a gas inlet and flexible patient face sealing edge, flexible manually squeezed bag with a one way intake and output valves in flow communication with a gas source and the mask inlet, and exhaust port for exhausting exhaled gas from the mask when the bag output valve is closed. The flow control valve is interposed between the mask and bag to automatically and variably limit the rate of gas flow from the bag to the mask between a predetermined minimum flow rate and a maximum flow rate.
Further details of the invention and its advantages will be apparent from the detailed description and drawings included below.
In order that the invention may be readily understood, one preferred embodiment of the invention will be described by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing wherein:
FIG. 1 is a view of a Bag-Valve-Mask where a patient ventilated by the operator and the gas flow is controlled with a flow control valve located in a modified neck bushing disposed between the bag and the mask, the flow control valve having a frusto-conical valve plug slidably biased to the right and moved to the left to restrict the gas flow through the valve in response to gas flow impinging on the upstream surface of the valve plug.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section view through the flow control valve with sliding valve stem, spring loaded frusto-conical piston and frusto-conical inlet chamber serving as a valve seat.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a face shield with a flow control valve in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention disposed within the tube extending through the plastic sheet.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a face shield with a flow control valve in accordance with a third embodiment of the invention disposed within the tube extending through top of the patient mask.
Further details of the invention will become apparent from the detailed description presented below.
FIG. 1 shows the general arrangement and use of a bag-valve-mask device 1 also known as a BVM. The invention centres on a simple but valuable modification to the conventional BVM by insertion of a flow control valve 7 between the patient mask 2 and the bag 3. Details of one embodiment of flow control valve 7 are shown in FIG. 2.
A similar flow control valve 7 can be included in any manual resuscitation device such as a pocket mask 23 as indicated in FIG. 4 or face shield 24 as indicated in FIG. 3 to equal advantage.
In the first embodiment applied to a BVM device of FIG. 1, the patient mask 2 has a gas inlet and a patient face sealing edge held by the operator's hand. The operator's other hand cyclically squeezes and releases the flexible bag 3 to pump gas through a one way intake valve 4 from a breathable gas source, through a one way output valve 6 in flow communication with the mask 2. Exhaust ports 5 exhaust exhaled gas from the mask 2 when the bag output valve 6 is closed. If desired, the bag 3 may be used with an endotracheal tube 34, with or without the accompanying face mask 2, to deliver breathable gas directly to the patient's tracheal tubes and lungs where there is a blockage of the upper patient's airway caused by inflammation, injury or trauma.
The flow control valve 7 is disposed in flow communication between the mask 2 and bag 3 for automatically variably limiting the rate of gas flow from the bag 3 to the mask 2 between a predetermined minimum flow rate and a maximum flow rate. The tidal volume delivered will remain relatively constant since the bag 3 contains a limited volume of gas and the operator should generally squeeze the bag 3 until the bag 3 is deflated to the same degree for each breath. The flow control valve 7 controls the rate or speed (for example in units of liters per minute) of delivering the tidal volume to reduce the variation in flow rate when used by different operators, with different size hands, varying strength, varying skill etc.
As shown in FIG. 2, the flow control valve 7 includes a housing 8 with control valve inlet 9, control valve outlet 10 and an orifice 12 therebetween. Gas flow sensor surface 14 senses the impingement of gas flowing from with the valve inlet 9 and the resultant sliding of the valve plug 11 against the bias of spring 18 serves to automatically restrict gas flow through the orifice 12 in response to the flow of gas impinging on the impingement surface 14 of the plug 11. Other devices to sense the gas flow besides a spring loaded valve plug 11 can be provided but at higher cost than the simple device illustrated such as: a flexible diaphragm; pneumatic pressure sensing valves; rotating flow meter propellers; and electrical gas flow sensors, that can measure the gas flow and then mechanically, pneumatically or electrically operate a separate flow control valve. The embodiment illustrated in the accompanying drawings uses the upstream surface 14 of the valve plug 11 to sense the incoming air flow, which applies a drag force against the plug 11 and spring 18 to move the plug 11 and thus automatically restrict the orifice 12. This combined sensing and valve operating mechanism is very simple and low cost compared to a separate sensor and valve arrangement.
As shown in FIG. 2 a simple reliable and inexpensive means to automatically variably restrict the orifice 12 can be constructed using a conical valve seat 12 and movable conical valve plug 11 with a gas flow impingement surface 14 and a valve seat mating surface 22. The plug 11 is normally biased away from the valve seat 12 by the spring 18 and is urged toward the valve seat 12 by the force exerted by gas flow against the flow impingement surface 14.
To mount the plug 11 within the housing 8 a bulkhead 14 is included downstream of the valve seat 12. The bulkhead 14 includes perforations 16 that can be sized to ensure that at all times a minimum gas flow is permitted to pass through the valve 7 when the plug 11 is moved to it's highest point. The spring and motion limiter 21 serve to prevent complete closure of the gas flow control valve and always permit a minimum gas flow to pass through.
The plug 11 is mounted to an upstream end of a valve stem 13 and the valve stem 13 is slidably mounted within a through bore 17 in the bulkhead 14 with the spring 18 disposed about the valve stem 13 between the plug 14 and bulkhead 14. The valve stem 13 preferably includes a retainer 19 downstream of the bulkhead 14 for preventing removal of the stem 13 from the bore 17. The retainer 19 has a bulkhead abutting surface 20, as does the motion limiter 21. Both surfaces 20 are disposed on the valve stem 13 a selected distance from the bulkhead 14 for limiting the range that the stem 13 can slide within the bore 17. The valve stem 13 and bulkhead bore 17 preferably have a clearance space disposed therebetween sufficient to allow lateral motion of the valve plug 11 relative to the valve seat 12. Such clearance not only ensures that the stem 13 will not unintentionally bind but also allows the plug 11 to be self-centering and prevent binding of the valve seat 12 and plug surface 22.
With regard to the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the same flow control valve 7 is adapted to use with a face shield 24. The face shield 24 has a flexible plastic sheet 25 with a tube 26 therethrough. The tube 26 has an upper end with an operator mouthpiece 27 about the gas inlet where the operator breathes exhaled air to the patient. The lower end has a patient mouthpiece 28 which is inserted into the patient's mouth and the sheet 25 serves to protect against contamination. Since conventional face shields include a tube 26 usually with a one-way intake valve (not shown) and patient exhalation valve (not shown), the invention may be easily adopted for use with a face shield 24 by including the flow control valve 7 housed within the tube 26.
With regard to the third embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the same flow control valve 7 is adapted to use with a pocket mask 23. The pocket mask 24 has a flexible patient mask 29, with a patient sealing edge 30, and a tube 31 that has an upper end with an operator mouthpiece 32 about the gas inlet where the operator breathes exhaled air to the patient. The lower end of the tube 31 is sealed to the mask 29 which serves to protect against contamination and gas pressure loss. Since conventional pocket masks include a tube 31 usually with a one-way intake valve (not shown) and patient exhalation valve 33, the invention may be easily adopted for use with a pocket mask 23 by including the flow control valve 7 housed within the tube 31.
Further embodiments include using the flow control valve 7 with a manually ventilated endotracheal tube 34 that is inserted directly into the patient's trachea and includes protruding end into which the operator attaches a bag-valve-mask device 1 to ventilate the patient, as shown in FIG. 1. The use of any manually operated ventilation device can be improved by controlling the gas flow rate with a flow control valve as described herein.
Although the above description and accompanying drawings relate to a specific preferred embodiment as presently contemplated by the inventor, it will be understood that the invention in its broad aspect includes mechanical and functional equivalents of the elements described and illustrated.
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|Lande, S. et al., Comparing Ventilatory Techniques During CPR, J.E.M.S., May 1982.
|Manoranian, C.S. et al., Bag-Valve-Mask Ventilation; Two Rescuers Are Better Than One: Preliminary Report, Critical Care Medicine, 1985, 13:122-123.
|Rhee, K.J. et al., Field Airway Management of the Trauma Patient, The Efficacy of Bag Mask Ventilation, Am. J. Emerg. Med., 1988, 6:333-336.
|Stone, B.J. et al., The Incidence of Regurgitation During Cardipulmonary Resuscitation: A Comparison Between the Bag Valve Mask and Laryngeal Mask Airway, Resuscitation 38 (1998), 3-6.
|Patente citante
|Fecha de presentación
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|11 Sep 2003
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|6 Mar 2007
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|Systems and methods for increasing cerebral spinal fluid flow
|28 Abr 2003
|27 Mar 2007
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|Systems and methods for reducing intracranial pressure
|26 Ene 2004
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|15 Dic 2005
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|Hsiner Co., Ltd
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|6 Ene 2006
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|17 Jun 2005
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|Ball joint for providing flexibility to a gas delivery pathway
|8 Mar 2004
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|17 Jun 2005
|14 Dic 2010
|Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc
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|8 Mar 2011
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|10 May 2011
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|16 Oct 2008
|12 Jul 2011
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|27 Feb 2007
|6 Sep 2011
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|CPR devices and methods utilizing a continuous supply of respiratory gases
|31 Ene 2012
|Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc
|System and method for securing a gas delivery mask onto a subject's head
|12 Oct 2007
|10 Abr 2012
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|7 Ago 2012
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|26 Jul 2010
|2 Abr 2013
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|22 Jun 2010
|30 Jul 2013
|Pulmonx Corporation
|Methods and devices for passive residual lung volume reduction and functional lung volume expansion
|7 Nov 2012
|27 Ene 2015
|Cardiac Science Corporation
|Corrective prompting system for appropriate chest compressions
|2 Mar 2012
|24 Mar 2015
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|CPR volume exchanger valve system with safety feature and methods
|19 Mar 2009
|9 Jun 2015
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|19 Dic 2012
|19 Ene 2016
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|Systems and methods for therapeutic intrathoracic pressure regulation
|19 Ago 2002
|27 Feb 2003
|Cprx Llc
|Systems and methods for enhancing blood circulation
|19 Ago 2002
|29 Ene 2004
|Cprx Llc
|Systems and methods for enhancing blood circulation
|26 Ene 2004
|14 Oct 2004
|Advanced Circulatory Systems, Inc.
|Systems and methods for modulating autonomic function
|11 Jun 2003
|28 Oct 2004
|Advanced Circulatory Systems, Inc.
|Systems and methods for increasing cerebral spinal fluid flow
|11 Sep 2003
|28 Oct 2004
|Advanced Circulatory Systems, Inc.
|Ventilator and methods for treating head trauma
|11 Sep 2003
|17 Mar 2005
|Advanced Circulatory Systems, Inc.
|Bag-valve resuscitation for treatment of hypotention, head trauma, and cardiac arrest
|6 Abr 2004
|6 Oct 2005
|Thompson Darrell K
|Cardiopulmonary resuscitation device and method
|6 Ene 2006
|17 Ago 2006
|Thompson Darrell K
|Cardiopulmonary resuscitation device
|6 Jun 2005
|7 Dic 2006
|Halpern Ian L
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|17 Jun 2005
|21 Dic 2006
|Brian Woodard
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|15 Dic 2005
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|Hsiner Co., Ltd.
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|6 Dic 2006
|26 Jul 2007
|Ian Halpern
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|Clasificación de EE.UU.
|128/205.17, 128/203.28, 137/908, 128/205.13, 128/203.11, 128/207.14, 128/207.16, 128/205.14
|Clasificación internacional
|Clasificación cooperativa
|Clasificación europea
|7 Nov 2000
Owner name: O-TWO SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL INC., CANADA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BOWDEN, KEVIN D.J.;REEL/FRAME:011286/0732
Effective date: 20000828
|25 Ene 2005
Owner name: O*TWO MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES INC., CANADA
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:O-TWO SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL INC.;REEL/FRAME:015621/0178
Effective date: 20040303
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Year of fee payment: 4
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Year of fee payment: 8
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Year of fee payment: 12


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Let's face it: These days, everyone's trying to save. But a thrifty outlook needn't mean a dull lifestyle. Here are easy ways you can save $100 or more this year.
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Are your electricity bills excessive? Maybe you're using too much power at peak hours. For instance, try running your dishwasher at night, rather than during the day. By taking advantage of off-peak rates, most consumers can save about $100 a year. Replace pre-1992 appliances when they break down with the new ones with the Energy Star label.
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Every month, Our Canada will set out a new theme for Canadian photography buffs to explore.
Win this month's $1,000 cash prize!
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Here is a mirror =) I was not available upload to dropbox nor box, sorry. Still im pretty sure minus is faster than rapidshare. http://minus.com/me5AujRWz/ I hope it wont die xD BTW, imho the rom just need battery perfect to be perfect =P...
LG made the phone, is obviously it came without bugs, so why u think all custom roms based on stock are almost free of bugs. Almost everything is working for me but things related with media acceleration, which means bad quality pictures and vid...
Hi guys, im new doing this so dont blame so hard, lol. I dont like how the stock looks like so i decided to do my own theme and i want to share. I made this based on Topogigis v2.0 SP3 framework, but should work on any other v20. If somebody tr...
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Hello, i currently using stock v20f rom. And i want to try this rom. Because of lots of people recommend it. Now, i already download latest RC0-73, GApps and CMmusic. Now, what i understand for the step is, Full wipe (wipa data,cache,dalvix) then ...


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"Some people are protesting and saying there are guns being bought without background checks. How would you respond to that?" asked KIMA.
"You can buy a firearm off a local newspaper without a background check," said Brian.
Lawrence Breer didn't like the fact that private, licensed sales didn't require background checks. He was afraid unstable individuals could buy a gun with no questions asked.
"By calling themselves collectors, they're able to use this gun show loophole and sell guns without a background check and that is wrong, wrong, wrong," said Lawrence.
Members of the Yakima Peace Advocates Network had been protesting for an hour, passing out flyers that said they're not anti-gun, but they're anti-no background checks.
"We're not trying to take guns away from people," said Lawrence. "We're not trying to register guns. What we're trying to do is keep them out of the hands of unstable people."
Meanwhile, Brian argued background checks wouldn't even be needed if prosecutors went after known criminals. He said it's not the government's place to regulate firearms.
"What the government is trying to do right now is impose tighter restrictions on law-abiding honest Americans and hinder their ability to purchase what they want to purchase," said Brian.
A recruiter at the event said hundreds of people in the region signed up for the NRA since the beginning of the year.


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About teacup dogs
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Joined on Nov 3, 2011
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On photo Azadi Tower in the City of Tehran - Iran challenge (6 comments in total)
Thank you all for the attention you have given to me picture! Believe it or not this was the secound HDR I took, the first was from my desk!! I guess HDR makes everything look good! About the composition I have to say I only have a 50 mm prime lens and I couldn't fit the whole structure in the frame without haveing some cars in the picture, so I chose this composition!
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This side of the street next to the public plaza of La Paz, Iloilo City, is being excavated for the construction of a drainage that is hoped to prevent flooding in the area during the rainy season. CASMIR TAMAYO/PN
Senate secretary Oscar Yabes (3rd from left) describes the ballot box containing the certificates of canvass (COC) and statement of votes from Antique on Day 3 (Friday) of the canvassing of votes for president and vice president. The canvassing of votes from Antique was suspended on Thursday due to discrepancies in the electronic and manually transmitted COCs. ALBERT CALVELO / PRIB
Workers tend to the freshly poured cement at a road construction on Jereos Street, La Paz district. JOSELITO VILLASIS/PN
Folks in Miagao, Iloilo donate blood during a bloodletting activity by the municipality's health office. MIAGAO PNP PHOTO
Teachers from various school divisions of the Negros Island Region gather on Friday at the public plaza of Kabankalan City in Negros Occidental for the launching of the Brigada Eskwela in the region. FRAIRE ACUPAN/PN
May 28, 2016
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Business Details
Forster Realty Inc. is the place to turn to for resort homes, acreages, lots, and cottages. We have been specializing in resort property for over 30 years, and we are ready to help you find the perfect place for your needs. Located in the heart of Regina Beach, we are ready to sell or show you any MLS listing in Regina Beach and surrounding areas.
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Working Effectively Internationally: Campus Talk with Peace Corps' Chief of Staff
The University of Arizona
2 to 4 p.m.
UA Student Union Santa Rita Room
Tucson, AZ 85721
Discover the benefits of Peace Corps service. Join us for a presentation by Peace Corps' Chief of Staff Stacy Rhodes as he discusses his career in international development and leadership. Stay to network and learn more about international opportunities with Peace Corps.
About the Peace Corps: Read more or watch a video about what it's like to be a Volunteer including what Volunteers do, where they go, and the many benefits of Peace Corps service. Or apply now to begin your life-defining experience.
Why wait? Apply now to begin the experience of a lifetime. Complete an application by February 28 for the best opportunity to match your skills to remaining assignment openings for 2013 and for priority consideration for assignments departing in early 2014.
Stay Connected: Sign Up for E-Updates || Facebook || Twitter || YouTube || Flickr || Tumblr || LinkedIn
For questions about this event contact Melanie Forthun
If you require a reasonable accommodation when attending a Peace Corps event, please contact the recruiter identified in the "for questions about this event" section of the event listing. Please provide the details of the reasonable accommodation you are requesting.
Last updated Feb 13 2013
Reference #6815


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This is without a doubt one of the glorious times for Mexican cinema. Film production is at its highest since the years of what is known as the Golden Age of Mexican cinema (1936 – 1959) producing around 120 films per year in all different genres and gathering awards in the most prestigious film festivals around the world. Even though Mexican audiences have not yet fully embraced their cinema (the attendance for Mexican films is not even near that of Hollywood productions), there have been exceptions and some Mexican films have broken box office records.
The support from the Mexican government through Mexico's Film Institute (IMCINE) to produce and promote films is outstanding in comparison to most film institutes in the region. Mexican cinema is largely produced with financial support from the State (around 80% of feature-length films have received some sort of support), so the responsibility of the State to promote the films they help to produce is important.
The selection of Mexican cinema at the festival this year is substantial and is representative of what Mexican cinema is today and what it has been in the last decades.
The highly acclaimed film Gueros (winning top prizes at the Berlin and San Sebastián film festivals, as well as the prize for Best Film at the Mexican Academy Awards) will be the Opening Film. The Mexico-Dominican Republic co-production, Sand Dollars, will be the Closing Film. There are five Mexican films in competition and six in the Panorama section. Monica del Carmen, the lead star of Leap Year (Año Bisiesto) will be in attendance to present a special screening of this film, for which she won the Mexican Academy Award for Best Actress in 2011. We are also presenting two films that two of the greatest film artists of the past century—Canadian-born cinematographer Alex Phillips and Spanish-born director Luis Buñuel—made together in Mexico.
As part of the Indigenous Film from BC & Beyond program, we will showcase short films from Indigenous filmmakers from Mexico alongside films from First Nations filmmakers from Canada.
To top off the Mexico Guest Country programming, we are happy to present a retrospective of three of the films of director Juan Antonio de la Riva, best known for films that represent the life and customs of the people living in the Sierra Mountains in the state of Durango in northern Mexico. In addition to an extensive film career as a director, Juan Antonio has also served as president of the Mexican Film Academy of Motion Pictures and is an expert in the history of Mexican cinema.
The Vancouver Latin American Film Festival is pleased to welcome Mexico as the Guest Country for 2015!
Opening Night Film
Güeros (Mexico) – dir. Alonso Ruizpalacios
Closing Night Film
Sand Dollars (Dólares de arena) (Dominican Republic-Mexico) – dir. Laura Amelia Guzmán & Israel Cárdenas
New Directors Competition
I Stay with You (Me quedo contigo) (Mexico) – dir. Artemio
Natural Philosophy of Love (Filosofía natural del amor) (Mexico) – dir. Sebastián Hiriart
Shorts in Competition
Ulterior – dir. Sabrina Muhate
Trembling (Trémulo) – dir. Roberto Fiesco
Take the gun and finish off (Tome la pistola y comience a despachar) – dir. Eduardo Sabugal
Panorama of Latin American Cinema
González: The False Prophet (González: Falsos profetas) (Mexico) – dir. Christian Díaz
The Hamsters (Los Hámsters) (Mexico) – dir. Gil González
Mexico Guest Country: Special Presentations
Retrospective: Juan Antonio de la Riva (Mexico)
Luis Buñuel and Alex Phillips in Mexico
Perfect Obedience (Obediencia perfecta) (Mexico) – dir. Luis Urquiza
Leap Year (Año bisiesto) (Mexico) – dir. Michael Rowe
Indigenous Film from Mexico
Ca Dxi rididi (Time Goes By)
The following five shorts were completed during the first, second and third editions of the Campamento Audiovisual Itinerante in Oaxaca, Mexico.
Greetings from a Magical Village
Tawä'äktäjk (For walking)
Take 20
– See more at: http://vlaff.org/article/mexico-guest-country#sthash.2Lq8CwnH.dpuf
Watch Dragon ball super


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Vector-2 Solid Full-Face Motorcycle Helmet
About The Product
The brand new Vector-2 Full-Face Motorcycle Helmet.
Everything you want. Nothing you don't.
Introducing the Vector-2, the latest version of Arai's hugely-popular less-is-more Vector model. Specifically crafted for the rider who doesn't need all the bells and whistles of Arai's other models, but who can't imagine not getting the Arai family's unmatched three generations of handmade magic with care and craftsmanship, rider protection, performance, comfort and fit.
The kind that's earned Arai 12 straight J.D. Power and Associates Number-One rankings for Customer Satisfaction - while no other brand has earned even one! (The fact that the new Vector-2 costs a little less doesn't hurt either.)
What becomes immediately obvious is that, while still adhering to its less-is-more design intent, the new Vector-2's impressive array of features, benefits, updates and upgrades results in an Arai helmet in which more costs less.
Features and Benefits
- Intermediate Oval Interior Shape: The Vector has Arai's Intermediate Oval (IO) shell shape. This shape is designed for the rider whose head has a front-to-back dimension that is longer than the side-to-side dimension
- Shell Construction: The Vector-2's CLC (Complex Laminate Construction) shell utilizes Arai's proprietary aerospace fiberglass technology to achieve a strong, flexible shell in a lightweight package
- New Chin Vent Design: The placement of the new chin vent design within the Vector-2's chinbar gives it a distinctive look all its own - while flowing a lot of air into the interior! A rubber breath guard also comes as a standard equipment
- New Hyper-Ridge: This design encircles the bottom of the shell, enhancing shell strength (in an area where some manufacturers actually reduce shell material). The Hyper-Ridge also provides a larger opening in the bottom of the helmet, making it easier to get the helmet on and off - without either adding the weight or increasing the shell size
- Rear Ventilation: Tuned rear vent / wing: New ACR-2 rear exhaust vent-wing combo features wind-tunnel tuned air inlets that accelerate the airflow over the large exhaust-vent holes, greatly improving ventilation performance by markedly increasing the efficiency of interior stale-air and heat removal. A single large slider easily operates all three vents simultaneously
- Organic Shell Shape: The Vector-2 is another example of Arai's organic shell-design philosophy. An Arai helmet shape is created to conform more closely to the human head shape, making it look better, and "flow" better in the wind. And, Arai believes this shaping is best done by human hands and experience - not computers. "Computers solve things mathematically. Hands build for humans."
- New Fully-Removable Liner: An upgrade from the previous Vector's fixed liner, the Vector-2 gives you a fully-removable liners. Further, it is designed with a full-perimeter crown pad with minimal frame support for increased comfort. The removable / replaceable cheekpads also have removable washable covers for easier, thorough cleaning
- Front Ventilation: New ACF-2 front intake vent has an oversized intake opening for better airflow, and a sliding door mechanism to more completely close it
- Side Exhaust: The Vector-2 features larger side exhaust ports at the bottom rear to increase airflow while at the same time working to reduce noise levels
- Wider Eyeport: The new Vector-2's faceshield eyeport features the same extremely-wide peripheral view of Arai's top-of-the-line Corsair-V racing helmet and RX-Q - 5 mm on each side - providing better side-to-side visibility and awareness of the world around you
- EPS Liner: Arai's multi-density EPS liner is like no other, comprised of up to five different densities in some models - and molded into a single piece. Arai pioneered this technology more than 20 years ago and is still, to their knowledge, the only helmet offering single-piece hybrid liner and its unique benefit: the direct-fused contact area that each EPS cell shares with its neighboring cells creates a mutual support - as one is crushed under impact, the surrounding cells assist with the energy absorption. (Liner pieces that are simply fitted or glued together cannot rely on such a high-level support bond)
- Micro Fitting: The incredible feature of the 5 mm peel away cheek pad layer, first introduced on the RX-Q and now available on the Corsair-V, is standard on the Vector-2. This feature gives you the option of a thinner cheek pad set, for a custom micro-fit, without having to purchase an optional cheek pad set. Expanding on the benefits of the 5 mm peel away cheek pad design, the Vector-2 is the first model to incorporate 5 mm peel away temple pads. Adding to the benefits of multiple interior shapes, this feature now takes micro-fitting within an interior shape to a higher level, giving you advantages offered only by Arai
- The wider eyeport uses Arai's SAI series faceshield that fits so flush that it looks almost like a continuation of the shell
- Fluorescent and or bright finishes used in certain Arai helmets are not covered by warranty and may fade with the passage of time and exposure to the elements
About The Brand
Arai's name and reputation have been forged over time, the hard way. Which means they haven't devoted three generations of the Arai family to the singular goal of no-holds-barred excellence just to turn out helmets like everybody else's. Arai alone has the experience, the quality, and the trust that truly set them apart. Whether you are a pro road racer or a casual commuter, Motocross superstar or weekend trail rider, Arai makes a helmet for you.


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Top Definition
Someone who acts like they are better than you because they belong to a popular social group.
She used to be such a nice chick but now she's a total Soch!
iamshardy tarafından 2 Şubat 2007, Cuma
short for "social studies"
My sochs class is full of hot guys.
holyroman tarafından 18 Nisan 2005, Pazartesi
Used to replace the word 'fuck' or any other swear word.
also, see Sochnose
also, see Sochnose
"Oh Soch! i don't have a soching condom!"
Ben the almighty tarafından 29 Ocak 2006, Pazar


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it distorts the light, for example the headlights coming at you or trafick lights it splits them in to three lights verticaly, one on top and buttom of the original light. Dealer changed it but no impruvment. Does any one has thesame problem?
by Tomek246 in Bayonne, NJ on March 23, 2011


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- Name: Angel Eyes
- Aliases: Angel Ice, Nika Chanel
- Profession:
- Origin: United States, Pennsylvania
- Ethnicity:
- Birthday: 1980-08-19 (36 years old)
- Eyecolor:
- Haircolor:
- Height: 5ft 7inch (1.7m)
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Window Replacements and Repairs
Quality windows for residential homes in Hamilton, St. Catharines, Niagara, Burlington, and Oakville.
A home's windows add character, light, and interest – and they play an important role in your home's energy efficiency. Whether you want to update your home's aesthetic, reduce outside noise levels, increase your home's resale value, or boost its energy efficiency, Quality Exteriors & Custom Interiors can help. When we say we do windows, we mean it!
Window Replacements
As a full service contractor, we have all of your window replacement needs covered. Count on us for:
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Clinical Placement
Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (VUSN) faculty are committed to students and their clinical education needs. We have a dedicated Clinical Placement staff that administratively coordinates the clinical placement for all students. The faculty determine the adequacy of the site and whether the preceptor meets the requirements to ensure you receive the experiences necessary to prepare you in your area of specialty.
If you plan to complete clinical rotations outside of the middle Tennessee area, the Clinical Placement staff, along with program faculty, will collaborate with you to secure quality clinical placements. After a site has been identified, Clinical Placement staff will work to secure all necessary contracts and paperwork. All students must maintain current proof of health and safety requirements on file with the school during their entire enrollment. All such requirements must be up-to-date in order to begin or continue clinical courses. For clinical at the specialty level, a valid, unencumbered RN license is required. Depending on your clinical placement location, you may be required to obtain additional state licenses. Due to regulatory requirements or availability of preceptors, VUSN cannot accommodate clinical placements in all areas of the country.
Action Plan for Clinical Placement for Specialty Students
Note: This plan does not apply to Nurse Midwifery students - please see your specialty orientation page for your information
Step 1: Know your clinical placement category* and complete the appropriate Student Profile Form.
Middle Tennessee Area (MTA) or Outside Middle Tennessee Area (OMTA)
*For placement category refer to your admissions letter.
Still unsure of placement category? Contact your program director.
If you will be completing clinicals Outside Middle TN (OMTA):
Step 2: For specialty specific info on clinical placement, click here to visit your specialty orientation page.
Step 3: When appropriate site/preceptor is found, click here to complete a Preceptor Information Form (PIF).
- Step 4: Ensure all MSN clinical requirements are up to date. http://www.certifiedbackground.com
If you will be completing clinicals in the Middle TN Area (MTA):
Step 2: Faculty make final determination in all student placement decisions. Your faculty will contact preceptors on your behalf; do not contact any MTA preceptors.
- Step 3: Ensure all MSN clinical requirements are up to date. http://www.certifiedbackground.com


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CPA Certification Program
Quick Links
2016 Common Final Examination (CFE) Enrolment
Transitional CGA Path Requirements
2015 Tuition Fee Tax Receipts Available for Download
Legacy CA Student & Applicant Forms
Directory of Approved Training Offices
Academic Qualification Requirements
Transitional CA Path Requirements
Ontario CPA-Accredited Programs
Under the new CPA Path, post-secondary institutions will be able to apply for CPA accreditation and, if granted, students from those post-secondary institutions may be exempt from any or all of the modules depending on the level of accreditation received. To learn more about the CPA-Accredited pathway and for a list of PSIs that have been CPA Accredited across Canada, including Ontario PSIs, view the University Programs Accredited by the CPA Profession.
The transcript assessment process for Ontario CPA-Accredited graduates will be facilitated directly with the post-secondary institution's program faculty. CPA-Accredited graduates are not required to submit a copy of unofficial or official transcripts until completion of the CPA-Accredited program requirements/conferral of a graduate diploma or Masters of Accounting.
The following Ontario post-secondary institutions have been granted CPA accreditation under the new CPA Certification Program:
Please note that CPA Ontario will request an official transcript upon completion of the CPA Accredited University Program requirements/conferral of a graduate diploma or Masters of Accounting. If an official transcript is not available, CPA Ontario will accept copies of unofficial transcripts that meet CPA Ontario guidelines for enrolment in the CPA Program. An official transcript is due within four months after the start of the first CPA PEP module.
In all cases, an official transcript must be an original transcript, issued by the university's Registrar's Office. All official transcripts from CPA Accredited University Program students should be mailed to CPA Ontario at the following address:
Chartered Professional Accountants of Ontario
Please note: CPA Ontario may require submission of supplementary documentation, including transcripts from all previously attended post-secondary institutions for Advanced Placement credits, General Certificate of Education credits, International Baccalaureate credits, college transfer credits, foreign exchange transfer credits, letter of permission courses and other post-secondary institution transfer credits.
For any transfer credits, a transfer credit letter will be required. View CPA Ontario's Policy on the Recognition of Transfer Credit Courses.
Documentation must be provided in English. You are solely responsible to have documents officially translated if necessary. A notarized translation of the transcript is required if they are not in English by a Notary Public (translation and original language documentation together). Notarized translation does not need to be from Ontario. CPA Ontario will accept notarized and translated documents outside of Canada.
Incomplete submissions may result in a delay with processing your assessment and enrolment in the CPA PEP Program.
Still have questions?
Please contact your CPA-Accredited program faculty or the Academic Transcript Assessment Team at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Jerry Bomholt has a longstanding practice of speaking to his former mentor every time one of his teams is about to take the basketball court.
The dialogue, though decidedly one-sided, is important to the first-year boys coach at Franklin Community High School.
It's why Bomholt takes a moment to go off by himself to chat with Bob Fuller, who, come January, will have been gone 33 years.
An assistant coach at Anderson Highland during the 1979-80 season, Bomholt was walking behind the Scots' head coach when Fuller died of a heart attack at age 46. It was halftime of a game at Lapel, and the men had just entered the visitors' locker room.
For a man capable of recalling names, skill sets and scoring averages of players at all junctures of his 32-year coaching career, this is the memory least likely to go away.
"I lost, when I look at it selfishly, the best friend I ever had in coaching," said Bomholt, 59. "And it showed me what can happen to you with all the stress in this profession if you don't take care of yourself."
The tearful aftermath of Fuller's passing included a promise from Bomholt to his then-new bride, Dee Dee. He would not allow coaching to consume him to the point where it endangered his health.
Thirty-three years, 432 victories and seven varsity jobs later, Bomholt has stuck to his word. This isn't to say his passion for the game or pursuit of triumph has waned since his head coaching career in effect began that horrific night in Lapel.
Playing for Bomholt isn't a walk in the park. He's a perfectionist and self-admittedly demanding. These traits, along with a 1-2-2 zone defense and three-guard offense, are the common threads of every squad he coaches, including the 2012-13 version of the Grizzly Cubs.
"It's difficult for them, and they've done an unbelievable job of trying to please me. The thing these kids need to learn is how to practice. I have said for years our team plays like it practices. They're still not consistent, but they're getting better," said Bomholt, whose squad lost its season-opener at Center Grove 62-53.
"It's learning how to play defense and the value of a possession. But we have great team chemistry, and all these kids want to do is win. Right now we're a lot better than we were the first day of practice, and we'll be better two weeks from now than we are now. And we'll be better two weeks after that."
Having a team heat up as outside temperatures grow colder is another Bomholt characteristic. His 1997-98 Southwestern (Hanover) group, for instance, rebounded from a 2-5 start to venture all the way to the Class 2A title game at the RCA Dome before losing to Alexandria 57-43.
Bomholt-coached teams average nearly 14 victories per season, a stat that might be more impressive than the 11 sectional championship squads he's coached.
From Southwestern, a school oddly located in the state's southeastern corner, Bomholt in 2002 went on to coach basketball at nearby Madison Shawe High School while also serving as its principal. Bomholt averaged 15 wins in nine seasons and captured four Class A sectionals. He cited burnout, no doubt remembering what happened to Fuller, and chose not to lead the Hilltoppers during the 2011-12 season.
Truth be known, Bomholt figured the gut-wrenching 64-61 regional loss to University — decided on a 60-foot heave at the buzzer — to conclude the 2010-11 season would be it for him. At least when it came to coaching basketball.
Then a not-so-strange thing happened last winter. Bomholt discovered he's not the spectator type. He badly missed practices, games and the interaction sewn into both.
"I thought Shawe was my last stop. But (Franklin athletics director) Kip (Staggs) and (his assistant) Scott Knapp talked me into it," Bomholt said, laughing. "I'm glad they did. The facilities and dedication we have here at every level, (basketball) is important here.
"If I was going to resurface somewhere, it had to be where basketball is important. But this is it."
Translation: Bomholt will be coaching Franklin, or not at all.
Whenever he decides to hang up the practice whistle for good, it's difficult not to be impressed by what Bomholt has accomplished since graduating from Ball State University in 1975.
"My first job was at Peru High School. I got hired as a math teacher, head cross-country coach, freshman basketball coach and assistant track coach. I made $8,000 a year and thought I was rich. I was single, and my rent was $75 a month," Bomholt said. "I was really fortunate, because the first guy I work for is Bob Macy. Two years later, I'm an assistant for coach Fuller, who was one of the best defensive coaches around.
"The guys I was associated with back then allowed me to ask a lot of questions, and they would give me their insight."
The pupil is all grown up now, a man experiencing the twilight of a successful coaching career.
Somewhere Bob Fuller is watching. And smiling.


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Bar Skittles
Also known as Indoor Skittles or Bar Skittles, this is one of the most popular indoor pub games. Just like full alley skittles, each player has three attempts to knock down the skittles but in this space-saving version, the ball is swung around a pole toppling the skittles upon its return. A game of great skill for serious pub competition or just good old fashioned fun for children and adults.
We have tested Table Skittles from various manufacturers over the years and we only make available Bar Skittles that are well-made and sufficiently robust to last and to ensure a enjoyable game.
Hand-made Large Oak Table Skittles
From £296.90
Beautiful, 3 foot Oak Table Skittles for pubs, events and connoisseurs. Sturdy design with hand-turned Holly pins and ball. Optional cord-pull skittle return
Due 28 May 2016
A well-finished 2 foot table from an English craftsman with hand-turned Oak skittles.
Currently unavailable
From Jaques, a full-size 3 foot table skittles game suitable for public use.
Currently unavailable
From Jaques, a 2 foot table from Mahogany with Lignum Vitae skittle ball.
From £14.99
Pins, balls, chains and poles


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This item is coming soon!
The North Face Toddler Reversible Mossbud Swirl Jacket for Girls has a taffeta shell with durable water repellent finish that reverses into a high-pile Silken fleece jacket. Each side features an embroidered logo and welt hand pockets.
Women's | Men's | Boy's | Girl's | Infants
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866-451-3795 - Customer Service Hours: Mon-Fri 7:30am-3pm EST or email firstname.lastname@example.com


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Wedding in a Cave? Oh yes! I do!
We decided to get married in a cave, bat and all - just kidding!! it was just a cast iron bat hanging from the entrance of a wine cave in Northern California. We invited our closest friends and family and we had the most wonderful designer/florist/renaissance man - John James of San Francisco's John James Designs - transform the cave with his design for our banquet table and flowers with our theme of Burgundy, Platinum and Sterling Silver Roses.
We married in November, so he filled the space with gorgeous roses and fall foliage . It truly was a spectacular wedding that we were so grateful to share with all of our loved ones. We put together our own take home gifts for each guest, a Moroccan Tea Glass filled with rock sugar stirrers, exotic Moroccan Mint Tea, Chocolate Covered Coffee Beans, and assorted Tea Candies. We wrapped the glasses with platinum silk ribbon and red cellophane and used them as place settings.
I've also included pictures of our DIY Twinkie Wedding Cake! It looks so fancy with the fondant layer, my sister and I stayed up until 3 the night before the wedding rolling fondant. It turned out beautifully!


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Gender: Some Painstaking Differences
Any mother will tell you that if men had to go through the excruciating pain of childbirth the human race would have become extinct long ago.
Recommended Related to Sex & Relationships
Boring Bedroom Syndrome — It's Everywhere
By Julia A. Savacool Our prescription: Try some of these passion boosters, and thank us in the morning. Not to be nosy, but how's your love life? For those not newly wed, possible answers to that question might range from the noninformative "Fine, thanks" to the slightly weary "Okay, considering..." to the ever-popular "None of your business." But what if we told you that a few easy changes could make your sex life more electric — wouldn't you be interested? Well, listen up. It's...
Read the Boring Bedroom Syndrome — It's Everywhere article > >
According to feminine lore, guys simply don't handle pain well. The tiniest twinge of discomfort is enough to reduce most men into helpless, whimpering heaps. Women, on the other hand, can handle the tough stuff. In fact, you can ratchet up the old pain-o-meter to agony and beyond and most women will soldier on without flinching.
The trouble with that theory is -- it's wrong. And now men have the science to prove it.
"The laboratory research seems to indicate that for many kinds -- but not all kinds -- of stimuli, women have a lower tolerance for pain," says Linda LeResche, ScD, a professor of oral medicine at the University of Washington, in Seattle.
But what exactly that means is a puzzle LeResche and other pain researchers across the country are trying to work through. The fact is, no one really knows for sure if women and men perceive pain differently, let alone how they react to it.
Untangling the Mystery of Pain
"There are [so many] overlays of societal and cultural norms and other factors that go into the reporting of pain that it may not have a biological basis at all," says Robert Gear, an assistant professor of oral and maxillofacial surgery at the University of California, in San Francisco. "It certainly could have a biological basis, but there is no way to test it so far."
Researchers have been trying for decades to untangle the mystery of pain. An important breakthrough came in the mid-1960s when scientists discovered that the brain could change or modulate the nervous system in response to pain. Until then it was believed the nerve-brain-pain connection was fixed and inflexible.
"There is some experimental research that suggests the pain modulation systems between men and women may be different," LeResche says. "Females may also have an additional system that uses estrogen."
The 1990s were a fertile time in pain research. What we now know is that pain begins when nociceptors -- small, thin fibers located throughout the body in peripheral nerves -- register trauma to nearby tissue. During surgery, for instance, nociceptors fire as soon as the initial incision is made. They release a bath of chemicals that induces the nerves to carry the pain message to the brain. The chemicals collect in a part of the spinal cord called the dorsal horn and are released to the brain -- where pain is registered.
Even with general anesthesia, a patient's central nervous system remains alert and ushers pain messages back and forth from the nociceptor, through the nerves, into the spinal cord, and on to the brain. The brain responds by washing the spinal cord with glutamate, a chemical that rewires the central nervous system and creates a physical memory of pain.


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Brazo de Mercedes (Egg Meringue Roll)
A meringue cake roll made from egg white and egg yolk on the center and a popular dessert in the Philippines.
10 eggs, separate yolks from whites
1 & 1/4 cup. sugar
1 tsp. cream of tartar
How to make Brazo de Mercedes
- Beat the egg whites with the cream of tartar until stiff.
- Add the sugar gradually and beat until smooth.
- Line a jelly roll baking pan with wax paper and grease.
- Pour the egg white mixture onto the pan.
- Bake at 350 deg Fahrenheit oven until brown.
- Remove from the oven and invert on a greased wax paper.
- Peel off the lower wax paper lining. Set aside and cool.
- Make the filling by combining the egg yolks with milk.
- Place on the top of a double boiler and cook until thick and smooth, stirring constantly spread on baked egg white.
- Roll and chill. Good for 4 to 6 persons.


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Best Gas Range for the Price
This review is from: SAMSUNG 5.8 cu. ft. Freestanding Gas Range with Fan Convection FX510BGS Stainless Steel
Pros: It one of the best stoves I have ever used. It has 5 burners, but those 2 rapid boil burners.
Cons: The only complaint I got was that it didn't include a cookie sheet. My mom was asking where was it and the old stove had it. But other than that, it Perfect.
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Not for Happiness
A Guide to the So-Called Preliminary Practices
Book Details
- Publisher : Shambhala Publications
- Published : 2012
- Cover : Paperback
- Pages : 224
- Size : 214 x 140mm
- Category :
Tibetan Buddhism: General
- Category 2 :
Tibetan Buddhism: Nyingma
- Catalogue No : 24018
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A radical guide to the ngondro, or preliminary practices of Tibetan Buddhism, in particular the Longchen Nyingthig Ngondro. Do you practice meditation because you want to feel good? Or to help you relax and be "happy"? Then frankly, says Dzongsar Khyentse Rinpoche, you are far better off having a full body massage than trying to practice Dharma.
Rinpoche shows that genuine spiritual practice, not least the Ngondro preliminary practices, will not bring the kind of comfort and ease most worldly people crave. Quite the opposite in fact. But if your ultimate goal is enlightenment, Ngondro practice is a must, and Not for Happiness a perfect guide, containing advice for the aspiring practitioner getting started, including instruction on developing the mind of renunciation, discipline, meditation and wisdom, using your imagination in visualization practice, and why we need a guru.
"One of the problems we are faced with today is that ngondro practice is increasingly perceived as a kind of custom. It's not a new phenomenon. Customs and traditions have always grown up around spiritual methods. But today, almost the moment an aspiring vajrayana student ventures into a teaching, (he or) she is told that before anything else, she must complete the ngondro. Yet, the intention behind all Buddha's teaching is to transcend man made customs and culture...As your studies deepen, you will come to realize that ngondro is the most distinctive element of the vajrayana. Sadly, though, it is fashionable these days to try to get it out of the way as quickly as possible. New vajrayana students are learning to view ngondro as a hurdle they are required to overcome before being allowed to receive higher teachings. It is such a big mistake! And a potentially dangerous one, because it is virtually impossible to refute. Yet many hold this view, and the consequences are beginning to mushroom out of control. For example, in Buddhist circles where a kind of spiritual political correctness operates, even the gentlest suggestion that not everyone has to accumulate one hundred thousand prostrations is extremely unwelcome. The more people who think like this, the greater the risk that this precious practice will be reduced to meaningless ritual...Just because many time honoured Eastern traditions seem a little old fashinioned in today's changing world, we should not jump to the conclusion that they are now obsolete...Certainly, the customs and traditions connected with ngondro accumulations are still relevant for today's practitioners...The crucial point here is that the aim of ngondro is not merely the accumulation of numbers, but to penetrate our minds, ruffle the feathers of our pride and make a satifying dent in our egos." Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche.
Read an extract of this title
Most of us know that aggression is a problem, as are pride and jealousy, but the truth is that all emotions cause problems one way or another and each has a distinctive character. "Passion;' for example, is starkly different from "aggression?' Fundamentally, though, all emotions spring from one basic source, distraction. What is "distraction"? Clearly, it is not merely the sound of a chainsaw firing up or blaring Bollywood music that interrupts our meditation practice. On a more profound level, distraction is any of the emotional responses we are sidetracked by — for example, hope for praise and fear of blame, as well as its more subde manifestations, hke being spaced-out, distracted, lost in thought or worked up.
Since our fundamental problem is distraction, its fundamental so¬lution is to be mindful.There are an infinite number of methods for developing mindfulness that all fall into one of two categories:
shamatha or vipashyana.The point of shamatha practice is to make mind malleable. But a phant mind alone will not uproot samsara completely, we also need to see the truth, which is why vipashyana practice is so crucial.
Unfortunately, though, minfulness is difficult, mostly because we lack the enthusiasm to develop it, but also because our habit oflonging for distraction is both deeply ingrained and extremely tenacious. It is therefore vital for a dharma pnctitioner to develop renunciation mind and to recognise the defects of saniisara, both of which lie at the core of the Buddhist approach to training the mind.
The masters of the past suggest we shouldconstantly remind ourselves about: the imminence of death; the futility of our worldly activities; and the worst news of all, that there is no end to samsara's sufferings. Just look around you and you will see that the world never ceases to churn out more and more of the same thing, and that the result is unremitting pain and unbearable suffering. It's no surprise, then, as the great masters have pointed out, that to maintain mindfulness for as long as it takes to drink a cup of tea accumulates more merit than years of practising generosity discipline and asceticism.
Discipline, Meditation and Wisdom
Jamgön Kongtrul Lodro Tayé wrote that he aspired to accomplish the vast and infinite activities of a bodhisattva on his own, without having to deal with sycophantic servants, or subdue enemies, or endure the burden of many friendships, and he prayed, "May I remain in isolation and tame my mind."
The "taming the mind" Kongtrul Rinpoche refers to is categorised in Buddha Shakyamuni's teachings as the three higher trainings in discipline, one-pointed concentration and wisdom, and are excellent methods for protecting ourselves against Mara's five arrows. The sutras tell us that Mara (Buddhism's "devil") is a tricky character and an expert archer. To avoid straying into the sights of one of his five arrows requires tremendous effort because each one is trained on our most vulnerable spots.
• The first of Mara's arrows is aimed at those who feel great pride in their accomplishments or in their material or spiritual wealth.
• The second is aimed at those who are ignorant because they have no idea which activities and attitudes need to be abandoned and which adopted.
• The third is directed at those with wrong views, such as not believing in cause, condition and effect.
• The fourth is fixed on those whose forgetfulness continually distracts them from mindfulness.
• The fifth strikes those distracted by the eight worldly dharmas.
As practitioners, it is best not to advertise our weaknesses or expose them as targets for Mara's arrows, so we must learn to protect ourselves, either by wearing armour or cleverly camouflaging ourselves with:
1. discipline, to contradict and unsettle our emotions;
2. meditation, to subdue our emotions so they do not leap out of control the moment they are aroused; and
3. wisdom, to uproot all emotion.
Training in discipline purifies wrongdoing and wrong thinking; training in meditation stabilises right view, right motivation and right action; and training in wisdom liberates us from the root of ignorance.
Were we to examine during the course of a single day all the different emotions that arise in one person's mind, we would get an inkling of the unimaginable quantity and variety of emotions it is possible for sentient beings to feel.The Buddha has provided us with an antidote or training for every one of these emotions. For those who want to escape suffering, he taught the shravakayana; and for those who long to escape the extremes of samsaric life, have no interest in nirvana and instead cherish the wish to help all sentient beings become truly happy, he taught the bodhisattvayana. Both these vehicles (yanas) are complete paths that ultimately lead to liberation from delusion.
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text:
Have been reading this forum for weeks. Looks fun.
Have been reading this forum for weeks. Looks fun.
Riding is more fun.
What do you ride?
[SIZE=1][B]What I like about Texas[/B]
Set F1re To The Ra1n ( NY Night Rain Ride)
Welcome to Bike Forums. What kind of bikes do you like?
I like road bikes and cyclecross styles. I ride (mostly) a newer Specialized cross bike and an old Bianci. Prefer steel frames. Mountain bikes are fun on the roads too, but I never really got into woods riding even though there is lots of it around where I live. Too much bouncing for me. The cross bike is all I need on dirt roads and smooth paths.