text:
318 Meadow Brook Road
Rochester, MI 48309
(248) 370-3250
Office Hours
Monday - Friday
8 a.m. - 5 p.m.
State Careers
Career Services Resources
Federal Careers
The Search
With a multitude of job search engines and social networking sites, the 21st century job hunt can be overwhelming without a plan -- and requires more than dusting off your resume and finding a great suit. Here are some tips and resources to help you land that perfect position.
Career Services has created a Job Search, Informational Interviews and Networking Guide to help you.
The "hidden job market" does exist, and professional networking is your key to get in the door. Career experts estimate that the vast majority of job openings are never advertised or publicly announced, but are filled through word-of-mouth and networking. Internal transfers, promotions and employee referrals are some of the best ways to get noticed.
Study after study shows that networking is the most effective way to get a job. That means that the job seekers who are well-connected start out with an advantage. But don't despair – there are numerous ways to build the broad list of contacts that will open up new opportunities.
Networking means developing your social and business contacts into referrals during your job search. People in your network may be able to provide job leads or referrals, offer advice about a particular company or industry, and introduce you to key people that will expand your network.
Keep business cards and resumes handy – you never know when you will meet the right person that may catapult you into your dream job.
The key element in networking is sharing. Successful networking doesn't mean milking your contacts for all they're worth; it means participating in a give-and-take. Networking is at its most effective when both the networker and the contact benefit from the relationship. Even if your contact does not benefit immediately from knowing you, he or she should gain something from the relationship.
The best place to start developing your network is with people you already know and the people they already know. Talk to friends, colleagues, professors and family. Join a professional organization and volunteer your time.
Seek the influence of people you know at different stages of your career.
For college students and new grads:
- Classmates
- Recent grads and alumni
- Parents and your friends' and classmates' parents
- Professors, coaches, academic advisers, and college administrators
- Fraternity brothers, sorority sisters, and Greek organization alumni
- Guest speakers in your classes and internship supervisors
- Members of professional organizations
- Your past and present co-workers and supervisors
- Business associates such as customers, clients, vendors, and suppliers
- New friends and old friends
- Members of your religious community or volunteer organization
- Your mentor
Be considerate. When you get together with a contact, have an agenda and keep the meeting on track. Nothing scares people more than the prospect of someone taking up a lot of their time. Send a thank you note to show you appreciate their help.
Find your Yoda. A mentor – that one person who can guide you, help you, take you under his or her wing and nurture your career quest can be the most valuable kind of network contact.
Listen first, ask questions later. You are looking to learn from another person's experience, so make sure he or she has the opportunity to speak. Once you have heard some of their advice, ask open-ended questions to keep your exchange balanced and get key information.
- How long have you been in this field?
- What do you like/ dislike about your job and company?
- What type of training do you need for positions such as yours?
- What is the culture of this company and what are its guiding principles?
Keep in touch. If you want to establish rapport with another person, keep the relationship going. Share your search progress with your contacts and forward them interesting articles about trends in your industry. Even after you have found a job, try to reconnect two or three times a year with members of your network.
Share the love. Building a network is about creating a genuine, caring relationship. Get to know your contacts on a personal level and see if you can help them in some way. Share your knowledge and interests, from business tips to recommendations for great Thai food.
Remember to mind your manners and follow the tips below for proper etiquette.
- Speaking in a loud, articulate, and clear voice.
- Focus all your attention on the conversation. For example, avoid chewing gum, typing, or playing the TV or radio.
- Leave a polite message if the representative is not available.
- Record a professional and polite voicemail on your own phone, and always return calls.
- Use good posture and try not to fidget .
- Be polite; say "please" and "thank you."
- Dress appropriately.
- Always be on time, or even a little early.
- Always be on time for dinner.
- Place your napkin in your lap.
- Eat slowly and avoid loud crunching or slurping.
- Ask for an item to be passed, rather than reach across the table.
- Pass the food counterclockwise or to the right.
- Never pick your teeth or lick your fingers.
- Make positive comments and pleasant conversation -- avoid any negative criticism of the meal
- Drink alcohol in moderation or not at all.
- Be sure to thank your host for a charming dinner.
Follow the rules of "Netiquette" for advice on how to behave in cyberspace.
- Behave online as you would in real life – treat people with respect and politeness.
- Know what is acceptable on the website or social media platform that you use.
- Make yourself look good online. Be knowledgeable and use professional language.
- Avoid getting into opinion-based arguments on message boards and websites.
- Respect other people's privacy, and guard your own privacy. Make sure your personal social media accounts are set to private.
- Make sure you know what is shared online about you, including information, photos and videos on your friends' pages.
- Avoiding complaining or posting negatively about your work environment or job search.
- Write an accurate and to-the-point subject line.
- Begin your message as you would a formal letter. For example, Dear Mr. Jones, or Dear Ms. Smith.
- Use the same rules as a business letter, including proper grammar, spelling, punctuation, and capitalization.
- Compose clear and concise paragraphs.
- Be friendly and professional, but avoid joking around.
- Avoid attaching large files unless requested.


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she likes bisexual guys
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Royalty Free Music Unique To Your Project - Every Time
Royalty Free Music — Uplifting & Dignified & Themes & Cheerful
Browse Keywords:
(How To Use Search tutorial)
Track Search Results Switch to ALBUM VIEW
The following tracks match: Themes, Uplifting, Cheerful, Dignified
Rossini Allegro 3Lofty and spirited, this third movement from Rossini's Sonata for Strings in G Major has highbrow written all over it. Great for light-hearted, high-cultured comedic scenes and the like.https://www.smartsound.com/music/images/mozart.jpgSingle3011-ST$ 39.953011-EX$ 59.953011-W$ 149.95Emotions: Happy, Uplifting, Cheerful, Dignified, Light, Refined, Spirited Genre: Sophisticated, Themes, Classical, Lyrical, Italian Production Types: On Hold Music, Background Instrument: Chamber Group, Acoustic, Instrumental
Rossini Allegro 3 from the album Mozart & Rossini
Valse BrillianteIn Frederic Chopin's 14th waltz, we find some spirited passages in amongst tender sections. Good for general use in productions where an air of culture presides.https://www.smartsound.com/music/images/poetic.jpgSingle3516-ST$ 39.953516-EX$ 59.953516-W$ 149.95
Valse Brilliante from the album Poetic Piano
Grand ValseChopin's waltz #11 carries with it not only regal and boisterous passages but serene and contemplative sections as well.https://www.smartsound.com/music/images/poetic.jpgSingle3503-ST$ 39.953503-EX$ 59.953503-W$ 149.95Emotions: Happy, Uplifting, Carefree, Cheerful, Dignified, Lilting, Refined, Relaxed Genre: Elegant, Themes, Classical Production Types: On Hold Music, Background Instrument: Solo, Piano, Acoustic, Instrumental
Grand Valse from the album Poetic Piano
Rossini Allegro 1This happy and playful piece is taken from Rossini's Sonata for Strings in A Major. Quick violin figures are contrasted with pensive cello passages.https://www.smartsound.com/music/images/mozart.jpgSingle3007-ST$ 39.953007-EX$ 59.953007-W$ 149.95Emotions: Uplifting, Cheerful, Dignified, Lively, Refined, Spirited, Tender Genre: Elegant, Sophisticated, Themes, Classical, Lyrical, Italian Production Types: On Hold Music, Background Instrument: Chamber Group, Acoustic, Instrumental
Rossini Allegro 1 from the album Mozart & Rossini
Mozart Menuetto 2The upper gentry get social in this formal dance piece from Mozart's Divertimento in D Major (K.205). Refined, regal and proper.https://www.smartsound.com/music/images/mozart.jpgSingle3006-ST$ 39.953006-EX$ 59.953006-W$ 149.95Emotions: Uplifting, Cheerful, Confident, Dignified, Refined, Regal, Stately Genre: Sophisticated, Themes, Classical, Lyrical Production Types: On Hold Music, Background Instrument: Chamber Group, Acoustic, Instrumental
Mozart Menuetto 2 from the album Mozart & Rossini
Highland CourtshipSpritely, tender, and nostalgic, this track is drawn from a traditional Scottish folk melody. Features penny whistle, bagpipe, violin, and drum.https://www.smartsound.com/music/images/world_sm.jpgSingle2906-ST$ 39.952906-EX$ 59.952906-W$ 149.95Emotions: Happy, Uplifting, Cheerful, Dignified, Regal, Spirited Genre: Earthy, Folk, Outdoorsy, Themes, World, Scottish Production Types: Travel, Home Videos Instrument: Ethnic Ensemble, Violin, Instrumental
Highland Courtship from the album World Beat
Battle HymnJulia Ward Howe's lyrics set to an old Methodist hymn melody gave us this lasting piece of Americana from the Civil War era.https://www.smartsound.com/music/images/american.jpgSingle1902-ST$ 39.951902-EX$ 59.951902-W$ 149.95Emotions: Positive, Uplifting, Cheerful, Confident, Dignified, Heroic, Inspiring, Patriotic, Regal, Spirited, Stately Genre: Traditional, Themes, Vintage, Specialty Production Types: March/Patriotic, Holiday Instrument: Chamber Group, Flute, Snare Drum, Instrumental
Battle Hymn from the album American Spirit
Stars And StripesSousa's great American march is always a 4th of July favorite, often played along to firework displays.https://www.smartsound.com/music/images/american.jpgSingle1912-ST$ 39.951912-EX$ 59.951912-W$ 149.95Emotions: Energetic, Happy, Positive, Uplifting, Cheerful, Confident, Dignified, Lively, Motivating, Patriotic, Regal, Spirited, Triumphant, Festive Genre: Traditional, Themes, Specialty Production Types: March/Patriotic, Holiday Instrument: Wind Band, Instrumental
Stars And Stripes from the album American Spirit
Hark The Herald Angels'Hark! The Herald Angels Sing' is presented here in various orchestral textures in a medium tempo.https://www.smartsound.com/music/images/holiday.jpgSingle807-ST$ 39.95807-EX$ 59.95807-W$ 149.95
Hark The Herald Angels from the album Holiday Magic
Choose your license:
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text:
Useyourlocal.com - We love Pubs!Homepage
Trying to find pubs in Marlesford? You've come to the right place. We've got every pub and bar in the UK listed. Whether you're looking for a pub or bar in Marlesford to play darts, somewhere to play pool or just want to have a look at a menu before you go, we can help.
0.88 miles
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1.91 miles
1.91 miles


text:
Reviews, reviews, reviews...
FreakScore is a weighted average of all aggregated professional and user review scores.
Read more
This product has a FreakScore of 7.9
out of 10 based on 7 scores.
Once upon a time, in a forest called Lita, there lived a fairy
Read more
Best Price at Amazon


text:
Sound Radix has updated Pi, the multi-channel phase interactions mixer plug-in, to v1.0.4, adding new features, fixing bugs and further improving CPU performance.
New Features:
- CHNL WEIGHT: Since gain plays a major role in channels' phase influence and sensitivity in a mix, some program material can get strongly influenced by other channels in the mix when their level is relatively low or when they decay into lower levels. With CHNL WEIGHT It is now possible to manually adjust the channel's low level and overall phase sensitivity and intensity within the mix. As CHNL WEIGHT increases - the less sensitive and more influential it'll be to other channels in the mix. This can help minimize artifacts on some program material, especially on low level, mid-range sustain notes and tails.
- Global Lookahead Buffer: Allows the use of larger audio buffers and other high latency plug-ins. If Pi doesn't get all the samples it needs in time due to a larger audio buffer or other high latency plug-in, it can't do its magic and it'll displays Sync Errors. If you're getting Sync Errors messages, Increase the lookahead buffer until they're gone. Click on the Sound Radix logo to open the About screen and access this setting.
Bug Fixes:
- Major performance improvements in Windows.
- Fixed bug causing drop-outs in some VST hosts.
- Fixed keyboard focus issues in Cubase and Pro Tools in Windows.
In response to popular request, Sound Radix is extending Pi's introductory offer of $180 (regular $240) through the end of January.


text:
To howl is to make a long, sad, crying sound. You might howl every once in a while, but it's more common to hear wolves and dogs let loose and howl, especially in the presence of a full moon.
Terribly sad or fearful people howl, and wolves howl to communicate with each other. Your dog might howl at the sound of a passing fire truck, which also makes a noise with its siren that you can call a howl. Before the 1400s, the word was houlen, a word that probably emerged as an imitation of the way a howl sounds.
Definitions of howl
v cry loudly, as of animals
v laugh unrestrainedly and heartily
- Synonyms:
- roar
- Type of:
express joy, express mirth, laugh
produce laughter
n the long plaintive cry of a hound or a wolf
- Type of:
the characteristic utterance of an animal
n a loud sustained noise resembling the cry of a hound
n a long loud emotional utterance
"he gave a howl of pain"
"howls of laughter"
"their howling had no effect"
- Type of:
utterance, vocalization
the use of uttered sounds for auditory communication


text:
Aqueous Humour
Aqueous Humour
The shape of the front part of the eye is maintained by a fluid called aqueous humour.
- Aqueous humour is made by the ciliary body. Strands from the ciliary body support the lens behind the coloured part of the eye (iris).
- Aqueous humour flows into the front of the eye through the pupil.
- Aqueous humour drains out of the eye through the trabecular meshwork. The trabecular meshwork is a spongy mass of tiny canals located in the drainage angle. The drainage angle is located between the iris and the clear covering of the eye (cornea), where the iris meets the white outer covering (sclera) of the eye.
- Aqueous humour is returned into the bloodstream through a tiny channel (Schlemm's canal) located under the trabecular meshwork.
Aqueous humour is produced by and removed from the eye at a constant rate [about 1 tsp (5 mL) a day] to maintain a constant pressure in the front (anterior) chamber of the eye. While pressure in the eye varies throughout the day, the normal pressure within the eye is 10 mm Hg to 21 mm Hg.
Current as of: August 21, 2015
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review: Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine & Anne C. Poinier, MD - Internal Medicine & Christopher J. Rudnisky, MD, MPH, FRCSC - Ophthalmology
Public Health Alerts
Public health alerts include information about outbreaks, advisories and product recalls. Click on the links below to read the most recent alerts, or visit our Public Health Alerts web page.
Want More Information?
HealthLink BC, your provincial health line, is as close as your phone or the web any time of the day or night, every day of the year.
Call 8-1-1 toll-free in B.C. or for deaf and hearing-impaired, call 7-1-1.
You can speak with a health service navigator, who can also connect you with a:
- registered nurse any time, every day of the year;
- registered dietitian from 9am to 5pm, Monday to Friday;
- pharmacist from 5pm to 9am, every day of the year.
Translation services are available in more than 130 languages.
HealthLinkBC Files
HealthLinkBC Files are easy-to-understand fact sheets on a range of public health and safety topics including disease prevention and immunizations.
FIND Services and Resources
If you are looking for health services in your community, you can use our directory to FIND hospitals, clinics, and other resources.
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated, disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. Learn how we develop our content.
To learn more about Healthwise, visit Healthwise.org.
© 1995-2015 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.
Is it an emergency?
If you or someone in your care has chest pains, difficulty breathing, or severe bleeding, it could be life-threatening. Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number immediately. If you are concerned about a possible poisoning or exposure to a toxic substance, call Poison Control now at 1-800-567-8911.


text:
change location
6 Photo
21 Events at North Beach is your wedding venue of choice. Whether you are planning a destination wedding or live in the Myrtle Beach area and are planning (more)
Create Account
Add Listing
Plan, book and shop for your wedding with inspiration as your guide. Plus, save photos to your favorites!


text:
The letter of the day was V and the theme was Valentine's Day at Bradford Memorial Library's PreSchool Story Time Thursday. The children in attendance celebrated Valentine's Day by listening to stories about love, singing about love and making their own love bug during craft time.
Location, ST | website.com


text:
Hell everybody, Can i convert Capture CIS schematic into Concept HDL Schematic. Is there any tool to do this?.Please give me a sollution. Thanks in advanse N Raghuram
Elgris Technologies has OrCAD->Concept and Concept->OrCAD schematic translators.The whole schematic (including libraries/hierarchy/graphics, etc ) can be converted between OrCAD and Concept.Check www.elgris.com for more details.


text:
Greetings, StackOverflow.
Let's say I have two following recurrence relations for computing S(i,j)
I would like to compute values S(0,0), S(0,1), S(1,0), S(2,0), etc... in asymptotically optimal way. Few minutes with pencil and paper reveal that it unfolds into treelike structure which can be transversed in several ways. Now, it's unlikely tree will be useful later on, so for now I'm looking to produce nested list like
[[S(00)],[S(10),S(01)],[S(20),S(21),S(12),S(02)],...]. I have created a function to produce a flat list of S(i,0) (or S(0,j), depending on first argument):
osrr xpa p predexp = os00 : os00 * (xpa + rp) : zipWith3 osrr' [1..] (tail osrr) osrr
osrr' n a b = xpa * a + rp * n * b
os00 = sqrt (pi/p) * predexp
rp = recip (2*p)
I am, however, at loss as how to proceed further.


text:
LACO Family Concert Series: An American Journey
* Additional fees apply. No coupon or promo codes necessary to enjoy the displayed discount price.
The last date listed for An American Journey was Sunday April 30, 2006 / 2:00pm.
Currently at Alex Theatre
Gay Men's Chorus of L.A. Salute to Cuba: Oye Mi Canto
- Full Price:
- $20.00 - $65.00
- Our Price:
- $10.00 - $32.50
With Oye Mi Canto (Hear My Song), the Gay Men's Chorus of Los Angeles is celebrating everything that… More
Venue Details
Follow an expedition to the Southwest in the 1840s. Courtesy of the Autry National Center, the Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra family concert intersperses Copland's famous score with stories inspired by the experiences of Catherine McDonald, the young Native American daughter of a fur trader. You'll recognize the tune of the American folk song, Simple Gifts.
Randall Fleischer, conductor
Tonantzin Carmelo, narrator
Petting Zoo: Kids get to bang, pluck, strike and blow on real instruments! LACO's Instrument Petting Zoo is a musical menagerie acquainting families with instruments that make up the orchestra.
About the Ticket Supplier: Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra
The members of LACO are among the very best musicians in Los Angeles. Most play in film studios, teach and/or perform as soloists with orchestras and chamber ensembles all over the world.


text:
Things to see and do - Morelia
Leaving for Mexico
Morelia :
Unmissable tourist site
Where to sleep?
Morelia Hotel tips
Hotel Del Callejon Morelia from566 MXNBook
Hotel Casa del Anticuario from840 MXNBook
Hotel Atilanos from18 $Book
Morelia Travel guide
Morelia : Michelin's recommendations
A Creole city with a Bohemian spirit, Morelia takes the time to enjoy life, basking in the glow of provincial serenity. Baroque buildings in pink stone illustrate the noble past of this town, on the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1991. Artistic and musical traditions, perpetuated by the student population, combine here in a perfect blend of colonial heritage and modernity. Despite all the cultural effervescence Morelia is more active in the daytime, although the glow from its old-fashioned lanterns gives the deserted streets a ghostly look at night.
Tourist attractions Morelia : Things to see and do
Morelia Cathedral
Plaza de Armas MEX - Morelia
This Baroque cathedral with a dash of the neoclassical (1640-1744) dominates the Plaza de Armas from atop its high towers and earthenware domes. On the outside to the left, the baptismal fonts give onto a magnificent 18C silver and gold baptistery. T..
Hotels Morelia
Hotel Atilanos
Corregidora 496 MEX - 58000 Morelia 16
Just a 5-minute walk from Morelia Cathedral, Hotel Atilanos offers a charming central patio with a fountain and functional rooms with free Wi-Fi. Free private parking is available on site. Each room at Hotel Atilanos has simple wooden furniture, til..
Hotel Casa del Anticuario
Galeana 319 MEX - 58000 Morelia 16
Hotel Casa del Anticuario is located in a colonial-style building, just 300 metres from the historic centre of Morelia. It offers free Wi-Fi connection in public areas. The rustic-style bedrooms and suites have a seating area and cable TV. The bathr..
Hotel Del Callejon Morelia
Abasolo, 444 centro MEX - 58000 Morelia 16
Located in central Morelia, only 650 metres from the Transfiguración del Señor de Morelia Cathedral and main square, Hotel del Callejon Morelia has free Wi-Fi connection and public parking on site. The rooms have a rustic-style décor, feature cable ..


text: The scheduling of ministry-related events is our top priority when it comes to facility use. If you would like to schedule the use of a room for your Sunday School Class, Bible Study or church Ministry Team, please complete a Room Request form. Questions? Contact Facilities Manager Guy Sellers at or 817-481-2559 x123.


text:
|Numéro de publication
|Type de publication
|Numéro de demande
|Date de publication
|28 avr. 2009
|Date de dépôt
|8 juil. 2005
|Date de priorité
|23 déc. 1999
|État de paiement des frais
|Autre référence de publication
|Numéro de publication
|Tim Wilson
|Cessionnaire d'origine
|Solutioninc Limited
|Exporter la citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citations de brevets (19), Référencé par (72), Classifications (71), Événements juridiques (6)
|Liens externes: USPTO, Cession USPTO, Espacenet
This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 09/742,006 filed Dec. 22, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,007,080 which claims priority based on U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60/171,644 filed Dec. 27, 1999 and Canadian patent application No. 2,293,765 filed Dec. 23, 1999, which applications are incorporated herein by reference.
This invention relates generally to LANS, WANs and access to these and other networks by mobile users whose computers are not necessarily configured for the network to which they are being connected.
In describing the invention different terms are sometimes used for the mobile user equipment being connected to a different network than the user's computer has been configured for. The equipment is typically a laptop computer but can be any similar processing unit or system. It may be referred to throughout this specification as a computer, laptop computer, notebook, notebook computer, personal digital assistant, system, client computer, client, and mobile. Currently, a user is not able to take a computer that has been configured to work on their personal ISP or employer's office LAN/WAN and plug it into another network and expect it to work. In a traditional TCP/IP (Transport Control PROTOCOL/INTERNET Protocol) environment, a user would typically have to manually re-configure a device such as a notebook computer to gain access to other TCP/IP networks. Current TCP/IP communications protocols in all operating systems, i. e. Unix, Linux, Windows, Mac, etc., have been designed to operate in a preset environment and not to be mobile. Mobile users can currently dial into an ISP with a modem to access the Internet. However, dial-up networking is slower than Ethernet and like networks and can be expensive if the user must dial long distance to access their ISP. Furthermore, dial-up networking can tie up telephone lines and PBX resources which may be undesirable in an environment such as a hotel. Presently there is no simple and effective way to authorize and control access to a network by mobile users other than manually. There is also no ability currently to collect and maintain information for billing for the services used by the mobile user.
It is an object of the present invention to overcome one or more of the problems cited above. he present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for allowing remote users to access TCP/IP services regardless of the TCP/IP configurations of their remote computer. Users can simply plug their Network Interface Card (NIC) into a network data jack and instantly gain access to high-speed TCP/IP based services without any requirement to have an account with any ISP whatsoever.
According to an embodiment of the invention, a server provides remote access to the World Wide Web without change to the remote mobile user's computer. No additional software or hardware is added to, and no configuration or hardware changes are required by, the remote computer. Advantages of the present invention include: ease of use; no change required to the remote computer; and for a hotel or service industry member wishing to provide plug and go Internet access to its clients, revenue can be gained or a service to its clients can be offered while reducing demands upon its internal telephone system (PBX).
One aspect of the invention is a method of providing a user access to a network for a computer configured for a different network without user initiated software or hardware configuration changes comprising the steps of automatically determining and assigning addressing information for the computer on the foreign network; registering the computer; permitting only registered computers to access the foreign network; storing and maintaining the addressing information; and accessing the foreign network by directing traffic to and from the computer utilizing the addressing information.
Another aspect of the invention is a computer readable medium containing the computer instructions that when executed on a computer will carry out the above method.
Another aspect of the invention is a server for use with a network to provide access to a computer configured for a different network without reconfiguring the computer through hardware or software comprising: a registration module to register the computer to access the network; a registration driver to maintain and access addressing information; a packet driver module to perform NAT at the internal interface; a packet filter that permits transmission of packets to and from the external interface based on registration status; a DHCP module to service DHCP request based on assigned IP address; an ARP module that uses the registration driver to provide MAC address for an assigned IP address ;an internal interface to connect the server to the computer; and, an external interface to connect the server to the network.
Another aspect of the invention provides billing functionality. The server blocks any attempt by a user to access the Internet or e-mail without first registering for the service. The server also keeps track of the time each user spends online for each session and sends this information to the hotel or conference centre network for billing purposes.
The detailed description of the invention is set out below, including description of the best mode of implementing the inventions. The description is carried out with reference to the drawings.
An embodiment of the present invention involves its use in the hotel industry. The primary objective is to provide guests with the ability to log into the Internet from their hotel rooms without having to modify their personal mobile computer network settings. The guests will be able to transparently and seamlessly get their email, surf the web, and carry out their normal Internet activities.
The commercial embodiment of the server and method of the invention is identified by the trade-mark SolutionIPTM. The invention is referred to from time to time by its trade-mark and means the server and/or other aspects of the invention as the context may dictate. This invention is useful in multi-unit buildings whether used as offices, apartments and/or for hotels or similar accommodation buildings. The plug and go connectivity allows tenants (or guests) in a building to re-locate and re-connect to the Internet from any location within the building in such a way that the Internet access appears transparent and seamless. It is also advantageous to use the invention in seminar rooms, boardrooms, training rooms and like areas where users wish to access the LAN for the room with their own computer.
A preferred implementation of SolutionIP™ is for the hotel industry. The primary objective is to provide guests with the ability to log into the Internet from their hotel rooms without having to modify their personal computer network settings. The guests will be able to transparently and seamlessly get their email, surf the web, etc. as if they were in their offices.
Usage Scenario
A typical usage scenario for the SolutionIP™ invention is shown in
SolutionIP™ is a server-based solution designed to allow users to connect a computer with a working Ethernet Network Interface Card (NIC) and an IP-based network configuration to the Internet. The guests physically connect to the SolutionIP™ system via a network interface connection. Most users will have seamless connectivity, however there are limitations, which are described in detail below.
Users are required to register with the system using a browser application before Internet connectivity is established. The server will detect all attempts at gaining access to the Internet and continue to redirect users to a SolutionIP™ web site until registration is completed. Once registered, they will be able to use the high-speed Internet connection of the hotel to access corporate computing resources and email via the Internet, browse the World Wide Web (WWW), etc.
Guests attempting to pop (read or download) their email before registration are issued an email message. The message simply asks them to register using their browser before email can be downloaded.
Functional Overview
SolutionIP™ translates network traffic from client (hotel guest) computers in such a way that it can be properly routed to and from the client via the hotel Internet connection. This is possible regardless of the current network settings (IP address, DNS servers, gateway, etc.) on the client machine, provided that the existing configuration is functional. (i.e. The client machine must have a working network configuration, although the actual addresses used are not expected to be configured for the hotel's network). SolutionIP™ transparently translates the settings of the client machine into addresses appropriate to the hotel's network environment while routing data to the Internet. In addition, the server "reverse translates" return network traffic to use addresses compatible with the client computer's configuration.
More specifically, only IP-based protocols are currently supported. Other types of network traffic are ignored and not forwarded by SolutionIP™. SolutionIP™ provides DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server functionality, which is used to supply configuration data to those clients configured to dynamically obtain their network settings. DNS (Domain Name Service) requests are intercepted by SolutionIP™ (based on destination port number) and serviced locally by a DNS server running in the hotel. Outbound network traffic is intercepted by the SolutionIP™ server, which acts as a gateway to the Internet and forwards the data as appropriate. SolutionIP™ will pretend it is the client's gateway, even if the client has specified a different gateway, such as the one normally used by the client in the office.
Unauthorized use of the network (i.e. network traffic from clients who have not registered for the network service) is blocked by SolutionIP™ until the client registers. SolutionIP™ maintains a list of those client computers that have been registered and are authorized to use the network. Traffic from authorized clients is routed, while other traffic is discarded or redirected.
The guest 201 connects to the hotel network and the SolutionIP™ server 202 carries out the appropriate functions to handle browser traffic 205 (HTTP), email 206 (POP3), hotel services traffic (207) (IP(TCP, UDP)) and Internet traffic 208 (IP(TCP,UDP)). The server 202 also provides a facility to handle maintenance traffic 209 from hotel services. Billing data 210 is collected and maintained in the server and supplied to hotel services as required.
A guest can communicate with the SolutionIP™ server via Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) requests 205 (the protocol used to access the WWW), or email requests 206 (POP3). Once registered, IP-based traffic originating from the guest's computer passes through the SolutionIP™ server to the Hotel Services Intranet 203 or to the Public Internet 204.
In general, the SolutionIP™ solution is not directly involved with attempts to secure the hotel network from external threats. Creating and enforcing a security policy for the Internet connection of the hotel is to be dealt with by other components of the overall solution. SolutionIP™ does not perform filtering of in-bound network traffic destined for registered clients.
The SolutionIP™ server has unnecessary services disabled and file permissions checked to try to prevent malicious modifications. The only login access to a SolutionIP™ server is by secure shell (SSH), serial connection or from the console.
Registration and Usage Component
The registration component is a web-based application, which allows hotel guests to register for the network service, as well as log off from it. It is accessible to all guests who are connected to the network (i.e. access to the registration site is not blocked by SolutionIP™). The web server for the registration component can run on a separate machine from SolutionIP™ minimizing the load on SolutionIP™.
Prior to registration for the network service, any attempts to access WWW and POP3 (a type of email) servers are detected by SolutionIP™ and intercepted. This is based on the TCP port number. These requests are answered by SolutionIP™ or forwarded to the web server where information is provided on how to register for the hotel network service. Although this embodiment is specifically POP3 other email protocols could be included.
SolutionIP™ also has the ability to track registration information, which can be used for billing purposes. Currently this information is available through an administration web site that displays who is connected to the network, who is registered, time and date of registration, etc. The server could implement a feature to track data volumes.
Client Requirements
Although the system is a server-only solution and transparent to registered clients, there are certain minimum requirements for client computers. SolutionIP™ is designed to operate without modifications to the client's computer configuration in the majority of cases, but certain components must be present and working. A utility could enable certain systems to access the network if the client does not meet the minimum requirements.
Minimum client requirements are:
The requirements described in this document are sufficient to allow the majority of clients to connect easily to the Internet via hotel networking facilities. However, some clients will have system configurations that will not allow connectivity through the SolutionIP™ server.
High Level Design
SolutionIP™ provides transparent network access via two mechanisms:
SolutionIP™ utilizes NAT as the primary mechanism for providing transparent network access. Despite the problems associated with IP number allocation this choice offers the best available mechanism to effectively deal with various unsupported network protocols. The preferred embodiment of the invention is based on a customized version of the Linux operating system.
There are two main scenarios:
The ARP module 307 of the server uses ARP which is a standard networking protocol the behavior of which is described below.
SolutionIP modifies the standard behaviors described above on an interface-by-interface basis by promiscuously responding to ARP requests. This is an extension to Proxy-ARP. In general, any ARP request is responded to by the SolutionIP Server with the SolutionIP Server's MAC address regardless of the IP address being requested, with the following exceptions:
This allows the SolutionIP server to pretend to be the gateway (default router), DNS Server, etc. for clients using fixed IP configurations. In addition, the server avoids delays when communicating with systems on its client networks by using the registration driver rather than making ARP requests.
Registration Device Driver (Sometimes Referred to as Soln Device)
The registration device driver 304 is a pseudo driver in that it is not actually associated with any physical device but rather the device is the registration data that is stored and managed by this driver. The registration information maintained by the driver includes:
This information is accessed and manipulated by other kernel drivers and processes through function calls defined in Registration Device Driver 304. User space applications access and manipulate the registration information with the standard Linux device interface and the associated ioctl calls. Entries can be looked up using original IP, MAC, or Assigned IP addresses. All characteristics of an entry can be manipulated, although not all directly, an entry can be marked as registered and the driver will assign the appropriate registration expiry time. Certain attempts to look up an entry will result in an entry being assigned if an existing entry can not be found, specifically the soln_get_aip_mac call will cause an IP address to be assigned to the specified MAC address if an existing entry can not be found. A complete dump of the current state of the driver can be obtained by opening and reading the device. Likewise, this information can be used to initialize the driver by opening the device and writing the same (or similar) information back into the device. This gives us the ability to backup and restore the current state of the driver thus minimizing the effects of reboots on registered clients. In addition to the information described above the state information for the driver includes:
In addition to externally triggered events, the registration driver has certain automatic activities that it performs on a regular (configurable) basis:
The TCP/IP Socket Interface (311) is the standard socket networking interface provided by Linux, Unix, and many other operating systems that provide networking services.
Command Line Interface/Soln Daemon
The Command Line Interface 317 offers an administrative and diagnostic tool to system administrators. It serves as a user space interface into the registration driver. It has options for most of the Registration Driver's ioctls. It can be used to check the current state of the registration driver 304 or modify it.
The Soln Daemon 315 shares the same code base as the Command Line Interface 317 and thus shares much the same functionality. It is launched from the Command Line Interface using a command line parameter that forces it to run as a daemon. As a daemon, it has several special functions. It is responsible for performing regular periodic backups of the registration driver. It also listens for UDP traffic on a specified port. This facilitates most of the registration and administrative requirements of the web based interface. It is also able to communicate with Solsnmpd (a module for carrying out network management) and retrieves information as required during a registration request.
IPFW/ipfwadm/Packet Filter Rules
The packet filter module 305,306 allows packet filter rules that test the state of the registration entry flags for the source and/or destination addresses of packets, these tests include:
Ipfwadm, the standard Linux utility for defining the packet filter rules in the kernel at run-time has been modified to set and interpret the new tests as specified above.
Packet filter rules are defined to provide the following functionality:
The packet drivers 303 have enhanced functionality over the standard Linux protocol handlers at the point where the generic packet handlers interface with the hardware specific Ethernet drivers. This additional functionality is selectable on a per-interface basis.
On an enabled interface, all incoming packets are examined, and their MAC looked up in the registration driver. If the packet is an IP or ARP packet then the MAC is looked up in the registration driver, if this is the first time that this MAC is encountered then an IP address is assigned and if the source IP address of the packet is a valid unassigned IP address then that IP address will be assigned to that MAC address. Once the assigned IP address is determined, sanity tests are applied to ensure that the original IP address associated with the MAC has not changed in an unacceptable manner, if it has changed in an unacceptable manner then the entry is deleted, thus forcing the client to re-register if they were previously registered. If the assigned IP address is different from the original IP address in the client's packet then that IP address will be replaced with the assigned IP address in the IP or ARP header and the packet checksum recalculated according to the methods described in RFC-1624. If the packet contains a TCP or UDP packet then the checksum is further recalculated as above to account for the changed IP address in the pseudo-header associated with such packets as described in section 3.3 of RFC-1631.
All outgoing packets on an enabled interface have their source destination address looked up in the registration driver (as an assigned IP address). If a matching entry is found then the original IP address is substituted provided it is non-zero and not equal to the current destination address. Then the packet's checksums are recalculated as described above for incoming packets.
DHCP Server
A modified DHCP server 316 has been included in SolutionIP to provide IP addresses to clients requesting IP information based on the assigned IP address provided by the registration device driver 304 for that client's MAC address. Additionally the DHCP server 316 has been modified to provide leases based on the inactivity timeout as obtained from the driver.
POP Server
A modified POP server 313 is provided to:
Normally POP (a request to read or download mail from the client's email server) requests from clients would only be directed to this server if the client is attempting to access their e-mail without being registered.
SMTP Server
A MTA (Mail Transfer Agent) has been configured to:
The firewall rules redirect all unregistered traffic on port 80 (http) to a special port on the SolutionIP server. The solhttpd daemon is a web server 314 configured to listen for http traffic on a special port. When it receives an http request, it is configured to rewrite the URL such that it will send the client to the Registration WEB Server 310. This means that any unregistered client who launches their standard web browser will be redirected to the Registration WEB Server instead of their intended destination.
Registration Web Server
The Registration WEB Server (310) is a web server that serves local content for the SolutionIP server. This includes the Registration WEB pages, Administrative WEB pages, and Configuration WEB pages.
Registration/Administration/Configuration Web Pages
The Registration WEB pages serve as a client's gateway to SolutionIP services. This includes registering for access to the Internet. The client can choose between two different methods of authentication, port based or access code based. In the port based authentication model, a client's room and fee information is determined based upon their assigned IP address (facilitated by Solsnmpd). In access code based authentication, clients can enter access codes that map them to a particular room number and fee.
In addition to the registration side, there is also an administrative set of pages. These pages allow server administrators and staff to perform various tasks. These include:
The registration WEB pages use the Soln Daemon (315) to communicate with the Registration Driver and Solsnmpd to facilitate administration and the registration process.
Also provided are several first generation web based configuration tools. Primarily, these are designed as middleware to insulate the users from the database.
Billing Database (ipbilling)
A standard open source relational DBMS (database management system) implements a schema designed to support the billing process. The schema allows flexible configuration of the system and includes the following:
A standard open-source DNS server 312 is provided to all clients to handle their DNS requests. There is nothing special about this server; rather what is special is that all client DNS requests are directed to this server. This ensures that no client (static or DHCP) will have its DNS requests timeout because the DNS server is either inaccessible (behind a firewall) or too far away (too many network hops) to respond in a timely manner.
This server uses a proprietary protocol to accept requests and return results. Request and response packet formats are defined as needed for each query. The purpose of this daemon is to handle communications with switches and other network devices on the client network using Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) to achieve various ends. The initial functionality for this daemon is to accept requests to determine at which "physical port" a client is connected. The daemon is sent a request containing the MAC address of the client. The daemon then uses the switch hierarchy as defined in the billing database to walk through the switches using the Bridge MIB (RFC-1493) to determine the what port the client is connected through. Once the switch and port are determined then the "physical port" can be derived, again using the billing database. This information is returned to the requesting process.
This server (not shown in
Process Monitor (Keepalive)
This script is run every minute and is configured to check the status of several daemons on the server, complain if they are not running and if they continue to not run for a configurable length of time they are restarted.
Server Configuration Tool (reconfig-all.pl)
This tool takes a per-site configuration file and applies it to a hierarchy of template configuration files to configure the server for a particular site.
From the above description is recognized that not all components have been shown of
Server Processing
The following sections describe various processing carried out by the server in general terms.
DHCP Request Processing
The processing performed by SolutionIP™ for DHCP requests is described below in reference to
When a guest with a computer configured for DHCP powers on, the computer 401 initiates a DHCP request to the other computers on the LAN. The modified DHCP server 405 receives and processes that request. The DHCP server 405 captures the MAC address of the guest computer 401 and initiates a request for an IP address to the Registration Device Driver 404. The Registration Device Driver provides an appropriate IP address for the guest. The IP address is returned to the DHCP server, which then passes the address and any additional parameters (gateway to use, DNS server to use, etc.) back to the guest's computer.
ARP Request Processing
The processing performed for an ARP request is described with reference to
To identify exactly which machine on a LAN has a particular IP address, a guest's computer 501 initiates an ARP request, asking for the MAC address of the machine having the specified IP address. The Registration Device Driver 504 detects the ARP request and responds with its own MAC address via the ARP server 505, regardless of the IP address actually requested. While processing the ARP request, the ARP server 505 will notify the Registration Device Driver 504 of the guest computer's MAC address and IP address. The Registration Device Driver 504 can then determine if a matching MAC address and IP address pair exists, as well as whether NAT will be required for the guest computer. The Registration Device Driver 504 will then update its data structures with the new information if necessary.
Unregistered HTTP Request Processing
Processing of HTTP requests involves redirecting unregistered guests to the registration web server, and allowing requests from registered guests to be routed normally. Processing of unregistered HTTP requests is described as shown in
Processing of a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) request begins with receipt of the request by SolutionIP™'s packet drivers 603. These drivers query the Registration Device Driver 604 to identify whether NAT translation of the packet headers is required. If required, the packet drivers 603 perform this translation. The IPFW component 606 is then given control of the request. It queries the Registration Device Driver 604 to determine whether the guest is registered. If the guest is registered, it allows the request to be routed normally. If the guest is not registered, the request is passed to the Redirection Web Server 608, which translates it into a request for the registration area of the Registration Web Server. The translated request is then submitted to the Registration Web Server and the guest is presented with the hotel's registration screen. If the guest chooses to register for the network access service, this information is provided to the Control Program/Daemon, which updates the Registration Device Driver appropriately. Subsequent requests from the guest computer following the update of the Registration Device Driver will be processed as from a registered guest.
Registered HTTP Request Processing
The following description is made in reference to
Billing Aspect of Invention
The following section describes the components and functionality of the billing aspect of the server and method invention.
The billing aspect of the invention has two methods of registration, access codes and port identification. Access codes are generated for each room on a daily basis. Clients must enter the access code for their room as part of the registration process. Port identification will automatically determine the client's room-number by querying the network switch infrastructure to determine the specific switch port from which the client is connected. Switch ports will be mapped to specific rooms. Access codes can be used in the event the client is not connecting from a guestroom, such as when working from a public area in the hotel, or if the switch port cannot be determined.
Authorization codes are used as an override mechanism to apply special processing rules (discounts, free usage, etc.) to particular clients. The system stores and displays the authorization code as part of the billing report. The interpretation and application of authorization codes is the responsibility of hotel staff.
The hotel Property Management System (PMS) performs the actual billing of clients. The billing system provides web-based reports which can be printed and manually entered in the PMS by hotel staff.
SolutionIP requires two Pentium class systems operating at 200 MHz or greater. One functions as the SolutionIP server while the other hosts the web site and database. These machines require the following hardware:
The client component has the following requirements:
SolutionIP supports a variety of client operating systems including Win95, Win98, WinNT, MacIntosh OS 8 and Linux.
The switches for port identification must support:
The software requirements are based on the functionality of each machine:
It is understood that the aforementioned components are for the preferred embodiment. A person skilled in the art would recognize that other components could be used without departing from the invention.
Areas of Functionality
Three main areas of functionality exist for the billing system. These include port identification, access code generation and interpretation, and billing system administration. This section presents an overview of the general requirements of the system, as well as the specific requirements for each of the areas of functionality.
Overview of Billing
Billing begins with the identification of the room associated with each client. Rooms are identified either manually by associating an access code with a particular room, or automatically by obtaining the switch port the client is connected to and deriving the associated room. The system provides facilities to automatically generate a new access code for each room, either for the current day or the next day. The codes are displayed via a web page and can be printed. A configurable history of access codes is maintained to prevent duplicate codes from being generated within the history period. No mechanism is provided to prevent access codes from being used more than once or by more than one client. Each new MAC registering is billed to the associated room. Registrations will be valid until the next checkout time. The access code is used to determine which room to bill, and so it will be the responsibility of the client to ensure that the code is kept secure. Billing is based oh the room from which the client registers when using port identification.
Once the room is identified, the fee associated with that room will be determined. A flat fee per day will be associated with each room (different rates can be charged for different rooms). The registration interface allows clients to enter special authorization codes. These codes will be stored with the client's billing information. Authorization codes used will be included in the billing report generated for hotel staff, but will not actually affect the fee generated by the billing system. Interpretation and application of authorization codes will be the responsibility of the hotel staff.
A web-based billing report is provided and printed by the hotel staff. It displays who has been online since the last checkout time. Additional queries for arbitrary dates is also available. These show who was online from checkout time on the specified day until checkout time the next day. Information included in the report includes client room, registration time, access code, port, authorization code, and fee. Access to all administrative web reports are password protected.
The database is capable of storing one month's worth of data. Backup, restoration, and disaster recovery procedures can be provided.
Port Identification
One method of associating a client (MAC Address) with a Room for billing purposes is Port Identification. If, on registration, the physical port connection can be identified as being associated with a room, then that client's registration will be billed to that room. To determine what physical port a client is connected to the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is used to discover which switch port they are talking to, static data tables are then used to determine the room number.
The switch/port number that a MAC is using is determined by using SNMP to search the installation's switches.
Mapping from the switch/port number that a MAC appears on identifies physical ports. This mapping is maintained in the database.
Physical ports map to room numbers and billing rates. These mappings are maintained in the database.
The determination of the MAC to physical port mapping is done on an as required basis.
If port identification is available it takes precedence over access code identification and no access code is requested of the user during the registration process. The exception to this are physical ports flagged as requiring a valid access code for registration to succeed.
Access Code Identification
An alternative to Port Identification is Access Code Identification. Each access code is associated with a particular room and will be valid for a limited time period (usually one day from checkout time to checkout time). If port identification fails or is not available on a given port then the client will be prompted for an access code which the system then validates. This will ensure that a billing record is generated for the appropriate room.
Administrative Features
This section of the specification describes the administrative features related to billing. The administrative features serve as the interface between the billing system and the hotel staff. The two main components are the billing and access code reports.
Billing Report
The billing report provides information to the hotel staff regarding room numbers, access codes, authorization codes, physical ports, registration time and fees. The report is web-based and viewable from a standard web browser. The hotel staff are able to generate and view the report on an as-needed basis.
Access Code Generation and Report
The access code report provides hotel staff with the information related to room numbers and access codes. The report is web-based and viewable from a standard web browser. The hotel staff are able to generate and view the report on an as-needed basis. Upon reviewing a report, the system automatically generates access codes for the current or the following day if they do not exist in the database.
Functional Components
The following section describes the functional components of the billing system and refers to
The billing system consists of components running on both the SolutionIP Server 802 and the Web Server 801. The Web Server hosts the billing and configuration database 803, the Admin Interface 804 which will be part of the Admin web site and the Registration Interface 805 which will be the existing Registration Web pages with modifications to accommodate the new billing system methods. On the SolutionIP Server the Registration Driver 806 and Command Line Daemon 807 accommodates the new billing system methods. The Synchronization Daemon 808 and the SNMP Daemon 809, are implemented to support the billing system.
The Billing System in the preferred embodiment is implemented using a PostgreSQL 6.4 database. The database stores configuration information, access codes, and billing records. One month of data will be maintained at any given time. Data older than one month will be regularly purged from the database. Database backup and recovery procedures can be provided. required.
Configuration data handled by the database includes switch configuration information (switch addresses, types, mappings of switch ports to rooms, etc.). Hotel checkout time, amount of data history to maintain, and other related parameters will also be stored in the database.
The database stores the access code and its effective dates for each room. By default, each code will only be effective for one day. A history of access codes for each room is kept. New codes are checked against this history to prevent duplication.
Billing records identify the room to be billed for each connection. The following fields will be included in this record:
In certain cases, some fields may be NULL. For example, the access code would normally be NULL when port identification is being used.
Command Line Daemon
The daemon has the ability to handle multiple simultaneous requests from other systems, preserve parameter changes and track the state of registration driver backups. The daemon also accommodates the use of the SNMP 809 and Synchronization daemon 808.
Registration Device Driver Interface Functions
The Command Line Daemon 807 is the primary interface into the registration device driver 806. The functionality of the registration device driver accommodates the billing system
The command line daemon supports the following operations:
The billing system communicates with the SNMP Daemon 809 via the Command Line Daemon 807. The Command Line Daemon 807 channels all traffic between the other billing system components and the SNMP Daemon. The Command Line Daemon also updates the Registration Device Driver 806, where applicable, with the results received from the SNMP Daemon.
The command line daemon:
The purpose of the SNMP Daemon 809 is to resolve MAC addresses to their physical port number, or return an error if this is not possible. This Daemon uses SNMP to interrogate the network switches to find the switch port that the client is connected to and then use static data tables to map that switch port to a physical port number.For this component:
The Registration Device Driver supports billing and production requirements. The driver maintains information on client MAC addresses, original IP addresses, and assigned IP addresses. Timing parameters are included to allow fixed-length registration periods, as well as inactivity timeouts for unregistered clients.A Time of Day expiry mode is included. The method of expiration will be determined at the time of client registration. Under the Time of Day expiry mode, registrations will expire at the next checkout time (or any arbitrary time each day). Currently new registrations are expired at the end of a fixed time interval, typically 24 hours. The Time of Day expiry mode is more consistent with normal hotel billing routines. The existing expiry calculation mode will be preserved as an option.
In addition to the new expiry mode, the ability to override parameters for individual clients is available. Existing driver parameters serve as defaults, and affect all clients. An overide mechanism allows. administrators to change specific parameters on a client-by-client basis. An example might be to extend the expiry time of a particular client, without affecting the expiry times of other clients.
In addition to operating on MAC and IP address information, the driver includes and operates on room and port data. The work of associating rooms and ports with clients in the driver is performed by external components (the billing system and SNMP daemon). Operations supported by the driver, such as registering or deleting entries, allow such operations to be performed on all clients associated with a particular room or port.
Production requirements include the ability to reserve specific addresses or make entries permanent. This allows support maintenance access to network devices, such as switches, which reside on the client side of the servers. A mechanism to block particular clients is also implemented. This mechanism identifies clients by room, port, or MAC. Blocked clients are able to access the registration server and other services available to unregistered guests, but they are prevented from registering for full system access.
Synchronization Daemon
The purpose of the Synchronization Daemon 808 is to centralize access to the database by components of the SolutionIP Server through one interface. The daemon uses information stored in the database to create flat configuration files on the SolutionIP server. This allows configuration information for the various components to be centralized in the database but does not preclude their being maintained on the server if a database is not available or required at a particular installation.
When files are updated by the Synchronization Daemon, the processes that use them are informed that an update is available (methods of communicating this include signals, IPC semaphores or having the process monitor the last modified time of its configuration files). It is also possible to have this process update information in the database based on status files from the SolutionIP server.
Web Server Registration Process
The registration process takes advantage of the billing system methods. When a client attempts to register, the system first attempts to determine if they are connecting from a room that allows billing via the port identification method. If a billable room is identified using this method then the user will be presented with the Authorization-Confirmation Screen. If a billable room cannot be identified using the Port Identification Method then the Access Code Identification method will be used. The user will be presented with an access code entry screen, when the user enters a valid access code then the billable room will have been identified and they will be presented with the Authorization-Confirmation Screen. The Authorization-Confirmation Screen will present the user with the room number and rate and any other important information. The user will also be given the opportunity to enter an optional Authorization Code. Once the user confirms their willingness to pay the specified rate they will then be taken to The Virtual Concierge. This allows one to access a variety of services offered through the hotel as well as the www and email.
Particular User Examples
To better understand the operation of the invention a number of specific exmples follow that explain in detail the steps carried out by the invention in order to achieve the results desired in the particualr scenarios set out.
Client Startup
System Startup
Scenario: Client boots their computer.
Fixed IP
Scenario: Client is configured with a fixed IP configuration.
Scenario: Client is configured for DHCP.
Scenario: Client starts their WEB browser, and attempts to load a WEB page.
The conversation will continue from here but the form will be similar to the above.
Client Registration
Scenario: having been redirected to the Registration Web Page, the client then registers for the service.
Port Based
Scenario: the client is plugged into a switch port on which port-based authentication has been configured.
Scenario: the client is plugged into a switch port on which port based authentication has not been configured and access codes are enabled on this installation.
Scenario: the server has been configured to automatically register new clients. The main effect here is that clients are always directed to the portal page the first time they access the WEB.
Scenario: A registered client is attempting to send an e-mail using their e-mail client software (Netscape, Outlook, Pegasus, etc.)
Scenario: An unregistered client is attempting to pop their e-mail from their home system using their e-mail client software (Netscape, Outlook, Pegasus, etc.)
Scenario: A DHCP configured client sends and receives packets through the SolutionIP server.
Scenario: A Fixed IP configured client sends and received packets through the SolutionIP server.
Scenario: Traffic from and to a registered client with a routable assigned IP address is received and sent by the SolutionIP server.
Scenario: Traffic from and to a registered client with a unroutable assigned IP address is received and sent by the SolutionIP server which configured to masquerade the unroutable addresses.
Unregistered client traffic in general is blocked by the SolutionIP server packet filter rules.
Client Expiry
Scenario: A registered client has reached their registration expiry time.
Scenario: An unregistered client has reached their entry expiry time, and they are inactive.
Many variations and changes would come to the mind of one skilled in the art without departing from the invention.
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|27 déc. 2001
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|Classification aux États-Unis
|709/220, 709/221, 709/225
|Classification internationale
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|8 juil. 2005
Owner name: SOLUTIONINC LIMITED, CANADA
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A Heartwarming Family Portrait: John Edwards, Rielle Hunter & Frances Quinn Hunter
The day prior to John Edwards' admission to an affair with Rielle Hunter, she and her six-month old daughter, Frances Quinn Hunter, were secretly flown out of the U.S. on a chartered Lear jet, the National Enquirer says.
The private flight cost $50,000 and was paid for by John Edwards' pals. The Hunters were the lone passengers aboard the eight-hour flight.


text:
Community members are invited to enjoy local food trucks and a showing of Disney's "Frozen" during a special event at Center Grove High School.
The school's student council will host Dine 'N Disney from 6:30 to 9:30 p.m. Friday. Food will be sold by Brozinni's Pizzeria and Brain Freeze Express in the high school parking lot. Starting at 8 p.m., the party will move to the football stadium for an open-air movie.
Admission to the event is free, but organizers hope to raise money for two local causes.
Both Brozinni's Pizzeria and Brain Freeze Express will donate 20 percent of their proceeds to the CARE Pantry at Center Grove. Donations will also be accepted during the movie to benefit the Crohn's


text:
ExamSoft for Students
The ExamSoft suite offers secure examinations administration via the SofTest application. Read below to find out more.
Helpful Documents
How to download and install SofTest - Windows – Laptop users
How to download and install SofTest - Mac – Laptop users
QuickStart Guide to ExamSoft Testing – Lab users
How to reset password
- Some colleges and programs have their students test exclusively in UTHSC computer labs while other programs allow students to test using their personal laptops in campus classrooms. Students enrolled in lab-only testing programs should not install ExamSoft on their personal computers and will not have access to the installation files from the ExamSoft student portal.
- Currently, UTHSC is supporting students in select programs using ExamSoft on student-owned laptops and tablets (such as the Microsoft Surface) that market themselves as laptop replacement tablets. Although an iPad app is available, we have not currently deployed the ExamSoft iPad app at UTHSC. After we have experienced an extended period of success with deploying ExamSoft on student-owned laptops, we may consider introducing the iPad app to the UTHSC ExamSoft testing community.
- For students who have ExamSoft installed on their personal laptops:
- We recommend taking at least one mock exam on your computer after installing the software for the first time or reinstalling it.
- We also recommend taking a mock exam the day before each exam to ensure the software is still running properly on your computer. If you run into issues, please contact the EdTech ExamSoft support team for help.
- If your program gives you access to download the exam file earlier, we recommend downloading the exam as soon as possible and well before your arrival to the testing site on exam day. This will save time before the start of the exam and make you less reliant on wireless network connectivity at the start of the exam.
- Please plan to arrive to the testing site at least 15 minutes prior to the test start time to give yourself time to check-in with the proctor, choose a seat, plug-in and power up your laptop, close any open applications, start SofTest, and wait for the proctor to share the exam password with your class.
- Arrive to the testing site with your battery fully charged. Also, bring your laptop charger with you and plug it in at the start of the exam so you don't have to be bothered with monitoring your battery life throughout the exam. ExamSoft locks your computer down and closes all other applications. Your battery life indicator may not be visible during the exam. Thus, leaving your laptop plugged in throughout the exam is recommended as a best practice to ensure you do not lose power and possibly any submitted answers due to power failure.
- Please plan to leave you cell phone, books, bags, and all other personal property outside of the testing area.
- Please do not leave the testing site without receiving the green checkmark, the indicator that your exam file has been successfully submitted to the server. Otherwise, your exam results may not be accessible by your program and you may not receive credit for your work.
- In case of emergency, power down your computer by pressing and holding the power button until the computer screen goes black and the machine is visibly turned off. Upon your return, turn the machine back on. Allow the computer to restart without interfering with the booting process. The computer will automatically reopen ExamSoft and take you to the point in the exam where you were before the power down. The answers you previously submitted (with the exception of maybe the last 1 or 2 answers) along with your remaining time will be preserved.
ExamSoft Contacts
Keedra Smith
Email: email@example.com
Phone: (901) 448-1518
Bryan Berretta
(901) 448-3839
Johnson Building,
Suite 205L and 205J
847 Monroe St.
Memphis, TN 38163
Fax: (901) 448-2100


text:
1 Park near Monett, Missouri
Sarcoxie, Missouri 15.07 miles NW
Cassville, Missouri 16.78 miles SE
Neosho, Missouri 24.92 miles SW
Eagle Rock, Missouri 26.3 miles SE
Monett, Missouri (map) | (417) 235-8682
Sites: 20 | Latest Rate: $26.00 | 3 Reviews
|Clean Restrooms:
|Clean Showers:
Oct 2015 - $26.00
Very spacious and quiet. Scenery was very calming. Camp host was very pleasant and helpful. Spacious gravel - Grass sites. - Pat51
Oct 2011 - $24.00
We did not camp here, but checked it out while in the area working. Next year, we'll be back with our RV. It was clean, neat and tidy and just a couple miles on the east side of town. Spaces are not heavily treed, but provide enough coverage and room for comfort. We are looking forward to coming back in 2012. - RVingFT
Oct 2009 - $24.00
We visited family in Monett for a week and were so pleased to find this park just three miles east of town. All sites are long and level gravel pull thrus. A few trees provide a spot or two of shade, but they don't interfere with satellite reception. Wi-Fi was strong, dependable and no extra charge. Staff was friendly and helpful. This is a great spot for an overnight, or longer if you have reason to stay in Monett. We'll definitely be back. - RockyandBullwinkle


text:
Pop Culture
Scandal's Katie Lowes on marriage, plus news from HollywoodBy Gerri Miller
We talk with Scandal's Katie Lowe, plus news on Kate Hudson, Chelsea Handler & Jamie-Lynn Sigler.Go To Pop Culture
Faith and Marriage
Does faith have a positive or negative effect on the marriages of interfaith couples compared to its role in same-faith marriages? A master's candidate at Northern Illinois University is comparing the roles of faith for individuals who are part of Jewish, Catholic, and interfaith couples. The researcher, Patty Fishman, is trying to determine what the positives are in an interfaith marriage.
When you are finished answering the survey questions, you may enter a drawing for the chance to win one of two $50 Target gift cards.
Note: All comments on InterfaithFamily are moderated. Any comment that is offensive or inappropriate will be removed.
Leave a Reply


text:
Patterson GA Swingers Personals
There is a total of 0 swingers, within 100 miles of Patterson, Georgia
The list below is a subset of the swingers in the Patterson area.
Create a free swingers account
so you can view and contact them all.
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Last Updated 05/17/2016


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our mailing list. It's so wizard.
by Pizzo
27 April, 2010@5:38 am
0 comments
27 April, 2010@5:38 am
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Jail time gives people lots of time to stare at the ceiling and contemplate things – like who is taking your money! DMX recently came to the conclusion that Rich Kid Entertainment, a company he hired to collect song royalties has been robbing him blind for years. This realization, of course, coming directly from the jail cell.
X filed a lawsuit on Monday, April 26th, against Rich Kid and related companies, whom have allegedly paid him nothing will collecting royalties on the sale of his music. The lawsuit also states the company engaged in separate deals with record labels to reproduced his music without telling him. [Source: Billboard]
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Broken Leaf Springs?
Has anyone ever broken a leafspring on a 1500?
I bought a new to me 02 4.7 4x4 a little while back and half of one leaf spring on each side has been snapped off. I have never seen that happen before without really overloading the truck. No signs of abuse anywhere else.
I have really loaded down my 03 hemi 4x4 (way more than recommended) and never had the slightest bit of a problem.
I have to swap out the leaf springs with another set i have, but I am not looking forward to trying to get the cam bolts out. Every set I have ever removed have been seized in place. :smiledown:
I bought my truck with a broken leaf on my passenger side. Truck shakes because of it. I just need the money for a new set. No trucks this new in the yards around here. (Mine is an 05).
Believe it or not mine rides great with them both broken. I was surprised to see the snapped springs at all.
My truck shakes a lot from that corner because of it (I assume.) The spring's integrity is gone so every bump is just repeated and feels like a shake.
That sucks. There is a place here in Ohio that will actually replace a single leaf, add a leaf etc. You should try your local yellow pages/ Google. The specifically work on springs. The place is called dent spring.
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LA-OC 6th in U.S. tech vacancies
The Los Angeles-Orange County area ranked sixth in tech job openings nationwide with 3,116 jobs advertised as of July 1, according to Dice.com, the career website for technology and other professionals. That was an 11% increase over the 2,812 local openings a year ago.
Still that's only a third of the jobs available in the New York City /New Jersey region — a huge metro employment area even by L.A.-O.C. standards. By Dice's count, Greater New York led the country with 9,707 openings, a 17% increase over the 8,287 last year.
A year ago, L.A.-O.C. ranked fifth in tech job openings, but got edged out this year by up-and-coming Boston, which had 3,283 positions available.
One of the big contributors to the national growth in tech jobs this year is Google, which announced in February that it will hire 6,000 worldwide this year. Officials at Google in Irvine say they expect to increase their staff of 150 by well over the 20% they added last year — at least 30 jobs.
It's not all good news on the tech employment front. Cisco reportedly is going to cut up to 10,000 employees, Bloomberg reported. In Orange County, the networking equipment maker already has laid off 60 workers at Linksys in Irvine, a spokeswoman said. They were doing work related to the Flip video camcorder which was discontinued.
Still, there remains a problem with employers finding experienced tech workers with the new skills that are in demand, says Dice in its "America's Tech Talent Crunch" report. California led the country over the last year in a shortage of tech people with nearly three openings for every new computer science grad.
Unemployment in tech nationwide has hovered around 4%, well below the 9.2% national jobless number in June. Moody's Analytics predicts employers will add 150,000 tech jobs this year.
For those heading into tech or looking to develop new skills in demand, it's all about the cloud and mobile, says Dice.
"Although hardware costs are being cut in half, software is still expensive, still important and even more important now," said David Beard, a professor of computer science at Idaho State University. "There are a million lines of code in an automobile. There's even code in you phone and in your toaster. Programs are permeating society. Someone has got to write that code."
The "Talent Crunch" report listed these skills as growing the fastest in the last year (the skill was listed in at least 1,000 daily postings in May to be considered):
|Y/Y job growth
Do you work at a great place? Nominate your company for the 2011 Top Orange County workplaces. Deadline is July 29.
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