text:
Issue date: Tuesday, August 27, 1901
Pages available: 6
Previous edition: Friday, August 23, 1901
Next edition: Friday, August 30, 1901
Publication name: Lemars Semi Weekly Post
Location: Lemars, Iowa
Pages available: 1,410
Years available: 1891 - 1902Learn more about this publication
LeMars Semi-Weekly Post (Newspaper) - August 27, 1901, Lemars, Iowa Publisticd Elvery Tuesday iiiia^cMik>hauujiju]Ui,^iit.,iiwii..�v^.Lf..||,|,^ Do Men Prefer the Varnished Woman? By YVETTE GUILBERT. The Famous Parisian Chartteuse ^rifMJMjiiinwi^MMH'"iM"^Mi'M'MHi)(r4ijiHiv-'n'''''n''n''''ir"n"''M'''iiiriMui'iMiiM'vf^ I'TEN yow mon sav \vc arc paintod CKUSIIEI) UNDER CAR AVllEELS. STEWART GWYNEE. OF OMAHA, PALLS llENEATIl MOVING pnElGHT TRAIN. Fatal Acclilenl at Wostricld. In Dead Man's Pocket Was a Lcttsr From an Elder Brother. KILLEIi AT COKRECTIONVlLLi:. J. II. Cave Kills Joe Sullivan, a showmnn, In Self Defense. l)_v oursc'lvos worse than .'.'^ - one pI.^o. ;iuv OF COURSE WE ARE PAINTED E3y OURSELVES, AND WITH a VENGEANCE. The wliitp, the roiigp, tlio rose, the powder, tho crjBam, the vnsolino, tho glycerin ami all ot'-oi' prothicts of the chemical laboratory nro sprodd upon tlio face i""> oxpBot t'ui to );ot tills DViiil tor.M by uuy slow i-unnlna." Tlte Wsliop UeU oa esolaimo.. i �^wcar. You'll novcT f,'('t to liivnni.' ' The raili-iii'idi'r then ii'iufiiibcii'd tli:i '111' vrpnt to ilinri'b, n'.L;n-tti'd liiw li lu-per and kept slill. Tlu; truck lli v.- on aroaiid sharti otirve.--. wiiit-li ,icli."! -..mi .swayrd Uu' fi'.r, (liroalctiitii; to r'>;i I I In- liish.jp (iff. 'ICrop Htill, old iimii, and we'll I'l ( hi'i't' all ri^'ht, bt,t ( tell yon to kiTp slill iiiid don't boDicr nii'.' siii'l Walil. Thru llic bisbi?;) ivas ijiiiil ;iiid held (111 to the llat'sldo of the iiir, j^hiii his cyo.-i and cntnislfd in jliiivcii hh the car raltled and rtlaniiiied down thr hill sidcH and over (roisIrM, (.msslnt; ravinoH and tlirougli muadow.s nnlil finally JIoluHvillo was ruiicln: 1 and the bishop was Hafoly delivoroil. "There, I gocMH you'ru ,all right," said Wahl to.Mnini; tho mail hag to an otUcial, "This is buaineg.'i, yon know. S'loiig, " and lie and tho lii.shop si-paniti'd. Tlio cliiirohmiui wiped tin dust from liis face, nloiipiid ahoanl a trolley car and got in in tinio to moot bis enuagenient. It was Biiirli a novel r\|iii-iriicc lliiit, ho related Iho Htory of Ills iouviu'y on a handcar lo Ibo young pci,ple'n nii-i'l-ing and cautioned overyliody lo h.jlil bin Icminr and novcr �wcnr. W'ltUl Huiiled when ho learned wlio his pay-Hongur was, bat was .soi-ry that ho hail not been more teinpevalo in bin talk. "But," said bo, "I did iiol want to bo bothered in jjetiiig iiriil through." Attacked by a null Akron Uegister: La.st Monday iuoniing James .JoluiKon was tin' vie lini of an attack bv a Inill in thu cnl tie yard of A. liakor, aoiitli of town. | The animal turned upon him iim-,-;-pectedly and knocked him down, and then began to bunt tho proHlrato niati viciously. Alanson tiaker, who waa engaged at miiking a abort diBtaiioo away, camo to the rescue, armed with a nei^k yoke just as tho bull had succeeded in pushing Mr, .lolinson tbrousth the feuci!. Mr. .lohii.son walked to bis honio, but tla^ jmiii from his injuries soon made uuceHsary tho atlimdance of a ilortov. Ono rib was fotuid to he broken and llioni wore many bruises on his body and limlw. He has since been conliiiod t liis bed and is sull'i-.ring much pain. IC Uio nil had not been dehorned it is very likely j\lr. .Tohnson wonid have bi.on killed. Still FlowB PIcntltiiMj. Akron Tiibiine: Tim big wpiiiig Sioux City Journal: A freight train which arrived in ,Sionx City over the -Milwauiikeo road shortly after 9 o'clock last night, brought tho body of Stewart Gwynne of Oiiialm, who had fallen undi^r the tritin iit Wosttield earlier in tho evonim^ and who had died on the way U> .Sioux City as a result of hifl in.iurics. Gwynne was trying to catch a ride to Sionx City, As the car ho was on ^ylls being nncoapled from tho train ho made an unsuccessful leap tor another car and fell beneath the wheels of the moving train, A partner who was with him did not remain in tho vicinity after he had told tlio man's name. The body wiis picked up by the train men, and a Iiiiysiciau found that both legs and one arm had been broken. Gwynne was unconscious. Ho was put on tho train to bn brought to .Sioii.t City and placed in St. Joseph's hospital, but he passed away an hour and a half later in the vicinity of JelTersoii. Harry Fishloigh, a brakcman mi tho train, wn.s (lie only wilne.s.i to flic accident. In reliiting the story lust iiiKht he said: "As we came through AVestlield at a :"0 o'clock we came to atop in order to uiiconplc an einiity Lo.v car ivhich iv.i.s on the rear of the train. We were b;icking up on a sidetrack, and I was inst get-tin g ready to loosen tlic eiiinty car wlo'ii I noticed this man atlcimilim; (u board it, I (old liini lie li,'id bc/lcr get oil', l/iil In; p;iid no iitlentioii lo mr, ami climbed up ii the niiiiiiiig b-iard. "I.then uiuM:ipled the ciir, ninl when he Miw wliat I hiid dene he m:ide ii run for the next ciir aliend. but by Die time he was re,-iily in jump the cars were s.i fiir apiirl llist li" fell to the �riMiiel and was cau^-ht under the �.i''el-: ..l' tlie mcivi iiu' irain. When 1 (l.i'niiiiie.l till- (Ml- ( ii.'ld HlVill the >ig-iinl lor the eiii,'iiic.r t" stop, leil the irain did not come lu :i stviidslill nnlil (iWynne had been pretty biully cni'ihed, W'c immediately siiniiouiied 1);-. II, I), .\reniiec.--, of iVesli.ld, who attended tlin iiij(ir(>(! ni�ii. We then |.ol the luaii oil tlie irain t" 1/ring him 111 Siie.ix City, the doctor coiiiiiig aloii','. Tlie iiiiin lived iibuiil an hour ,uii| Ji halt atler tlie]|iieriilelit, " The body was feliiovcd to Wescntt's iiior:,'!!''. (.'oroner Wiide will bold iiii inijuest at 1 o'eloek this afternoon. The dead iiiaii seems to have been about I.'.') years of age. He was siiioolli f.ieed and heavy set. His clothes were plain. A letter was round in the dead nmn's pocket. It had been received by him at .Sioiix Kails. .South Dakota, and was from his brother. I'ercy K. Oiwyiin li'ib'i Twenty-fourth street, Omaha, II: svas dated August -'I, The letter adds a touch of imthos to the atl'air, iiiasmiich in it is full of brotherly advice and words of en-coiiraiiemeiit, 11 is to bo taken from the contents of the niissivo that young nwyiiiie had written home in rather a discouraging stniin, fur his e'dcr brother nrues him to keep a still' upper lip. "Whenever you feel bad, he writes, "remember llio jioor cripple' who liaven't even the chance lo make an honest living. " The elder brother advises the younger OIK! to avoid in-tempia-anco. He asks him to remember (hat he has a home and many friends ill Omaha, ''Yon are young, strong ;iiid healthy, and have a fiidire bel'ori you," he wr.ite, little realizing thai within throe days his yoiiiig(;r brother would bo lying on an undertaker's slab. The .Milwanukeo oOlcials last night notilied Percy K. Gwynne of tho dead of bis brother. The visit of Pawnee Dill's Wild West show at Correctionville lust Saturday resulted in a riot yMterdav morning inst after iuidnii;bt, in wliieh Joe Sullivan, an employe of ili" show, was shot and instantly killed by J, Hartley ('avo. n young man ef ll:e lown who was with difflculty rc-;e\i 1 by ofHeers from the infuriated nm'e .if hundreds of .showmen, determiii'l ii;ioii wnsck-ing vengeance for the le.iiiicide, Tho rioters bpsniged thi'l'etty hotel, in wdiich Cave had taken refu'^'e, breaking windows and dnirs and threatening to burn the house. After Cave's escape from the (own in charge of (bo ofllcer.s, who ':ir.i\iiiht him to Sioux City for safety, tlie mob caiiuhl a member of the Ulinnis Central's bridge gang, whose name was not learned, supposing him tu be Cave : and not until after he had been slugged in the head with a Hlungshot and cut in the back with a knife was he rescued and his assa.lants cuuvinced lie was not the man wlioshel theircoiii-piinion, Denny Sheriff Jt. K. 'riioiiipsou and Special Policeiiiau H. White, both residents of Correctionvilli', who brought Cave to Sioux Ci(y, declare that Cave acted in self defense in .^hooting the showman, and Dr. H 1'. Uandolph, mayor of Correctionvillc, s,:id over the loiu; distance tilephoiie to tin Journal that this is Ih" uiitiHiiimuiis opinion of his fellow citizens and that Maj. Lilly, wle' is known as Pawnee. Bill, the propriet i r of the show, and R. W. awain, iiiaiiager of the side shinvs, dei'.ireil the siiuk iudgiiient iilterevamiiiiio; the circuiii-slitnces. Mayor Jtaieloliili also said that (,'avii is a highly rsiiecled yoiiie/ man in the coinmnnily: never bi-t ire was engaged in any ilisturlianci e.-ccejil lis a ]ii-acemal;i r. Ill ,-111 interview al llie iail, yoiiii Cave Slid: "1 ran frmii the crowd for a dislaii......I' lOU or -"leU \:nilustali"iit some witli knives aiei s'One witli '.iuns. all of them Mlliug and evi deiitly deteriliiiu'il (m iiijiirin," nr kit liii;^ me. I warned tiein t'p k.cp 1 r I Wiuilil ti'.-c. uUiiilbl�abu�laiiit�iUliliiiiUuLii�iUiatj>>li>iaJUiiat')ii!)iiuiii-KlUiu4liiu^ How Strikes May By ANDREW CARNEGIE ^t^r'>|i�"'|i"'1'S'P|"'iir'uirMMi"i'|i'|i||nii|iiiiwfiiii|iJ nomination, I can no longer decline to accede (o their wishes," Ho then retired.-'.nt-lll(s. OrlKlii "t "a Horn." A weslci'ii man at a fashionable bar In New York called for a Inn-u and then had to (ell the drink mixer that It was whlsliy he wanted bcl'oio bo got bi.s order tilled. (furious," comiiieiiteil the westerner, "how jieoiite In the east can't niuler-s(aiiil tilalii I.'ii.i,'li>3. .Anybody down Kentucky knows what '.i horn' Is and how It got Its name." "How did It get Its name'/" ln(]iiirod bysl.'inder. Well, iilciiig nlioiit too year.s ago (he Urst distillery ever establlslied In Tennessee was set lip 111 Davidson county. It was called llie Ited Heifer, iind tlie customers who iisseiiililed at the slill, specially i>ii Saliirdii.v afternoon, to drink aiiil iramlde. >:ot in the lialiit oC peaUlin; 111' a drani as 'a horn of tlie ifei-,' .\s 'I'l'iuiei-si e w;is (hi; first slate to be setlli'd west of tile .\lle-Kb.'iiiies Ibe iilii.'iM' spread all over llie west iiiiil soiilliwesi, liiially belie,- cdu-traeted into (lie slie^li,' word 'horn.'"- Xew York 'I'liiies. r.AVi; r,ivi;'>i ipa i.iiii;uty. ' ''"''"'if ^'''l ''''"d of town a few weeks ago has '""inals. Tho display ot tarn, pro '.urbod. but it still continneM to It has south been flow with iiiibated vigor. Hlojijied the (low (if (lieHeveral other Hinallor springs nearby and has now begun the process of lowering tlii! tor in (lie Wells in its vicinity, gusher promises to provide soin, ing problems. Advertised Lsllcra, wa- Tho vex- Dick Robeviiou .\, l>ettv y K. hi;(ii;i!',VTay, li'lmenco Jones H, E. Hiiikley Amo 10 loar. M 5 uer csnt' E. nomarsua R9(chniahn'M?w Week. duets promlHes to bo much belter than at lit'st antieipiited. In (he speed lino many u.xcolleat eiitrioH have already been made and more will bo made in tho neitc few days. HepreHentativeH of oar associft (Ion iii'o al the .Sheldon and Fonda fairs which are being held this week securing additoiial entries for tin races. Many now and novel attrac tiouH will he on the gromuls to outer niiii the (hon.iamls of visitors who will be ill LeMars next week at tho tail'. U(;\riit4ti oa firn and tornado insurance frwn ' Thom�rwni Rsfphmann'* Mw block. ?9Tt my fellow cHl'/.ens to accept 'tho WOULD LAY IT DOV/N as a maxim THAT THERE li KO EXCUSE for A STRIKE OR A LOCKOUT UNTIL ARDITRATIOM OF DIFFERENCti's HAS BEEN OFi-EnSD DY ONE P R. TY AND REFL8.-D OY the OTHtft. No doulil .-Ti'iiius trouble attends oven arbilr.ilian at pres. lit i'l-i.iii the diltii'ulty of prncurinjr suitable men In ji:ilo-i' iiitelli^roiuly between llio disputants. 'J here is a natural (ii.siiK'liiiatinii aim ug bu-^iuo.-'s iiu'ii til expose their business to iiieii in wlioiii they have nut entire conrulonce. Wo lack XI far in .-Vmerica a retired class of men of afTiiirs. OUR VILE PRACTICE 13 to KEEP ON ACCUMULATING mors DOLLARS UNTIL WE DIE. If it wore the custom here, as it is in J'",ii,t,'l,'itiil, for men to withdraw frmii iictivi! InisiiiesR after acquiring a forlinio, this clasi woiilil fiin;i.-li (lie proper arbitrators. WHAT WE MUST SEEK IS A PLAN BY WHICH THE men will RECEtVG HIGH V/AGES V/HEH THEIR EMPLOYERS ARE RECEIV-ING HIGH PRICES FOR THE PRODUCT AND HENCE ARE making LARGE P.SOFITS, AND, PER CONTRA, WHEN THE EMPLOYERS ARE RECEIVING LOW PRICES FOR PRODUCT AND THEREFORE SMALL if ANY PnOFlTS, THE MEN WILL RECEIVE LOW WAGES. If thi;' plan can be found i-mplnycrs and cniplnyeii will be "in the j^iiiiio biiiit," rrjuicing tugetber in their prii-]icrity and calling iiilu |i!;iy tlu'ir fortitude tiif;etlior in iidvcr.-ity. Tlieri' will be no roi'Ki I'T i]r.:in-els, and instead of a fci'linp; nf iir,t;:;.;.'uisin tlioro will bo a feeling uf partnership bet:\veeu eiiiplnycr.-i and employed. i;i;msi;n wmioisas. fiiirter Siliiei'MtIt lonn. .\ worn ^r:iiler Is retrardeil by some [Kople as osed to do so. .\ lirid.- Nlioiit.l alivays wear a liliii' Ilk ),-:iiier at tier we.Miiiu'. lie r j,'ailer Is oflen i-'lven le-r by a frldid u le> has laU'-ii away Its newness by wear-In;^ it a ('c\'.' tlUM'S, .'��ays Home Noles. 'riie wcariiur of 11"' (-ailer does not end till- ritual eoneeriilii-.; It. .\rier llie weil.lliiK (-.lenmny it le oKlior cut Into piece-, OC Ijiddvll. Wllell It is hlililejj, Kie bi'idi-. lunlds kimil Vol' It, and llie fimlir 1 : a'^iu'cil ot belnv,' happily niar-rie.I i,e/'.ii(' (lie year t"! niil. Wlun It U cut, 11 Is divided aniiiiit; the liriile?:. nialds lo pive lo raell ;;ood luck lllld a devoted liii>liaiid. .Soinetlmcs (he briilf lic.- I'liilonieiui lieck, both of Ken.-en. were united in iiiiuriiige in .SI. .Mae.s'r. cliuicli in Kchim-ji, l.'cv I'lll liei- .Si-liiillc, olllcia! ilie. The bride i-^ 1 lie ac'-oiiipli-le'il diuiu'li-t,r of .Ml- and .Mi-i. Mic'iel liec'if. |i.oii-eel- n sid-:iits and liiglily l-e>pected cili /' ijv of llem-en. Tie' ^Tooiil the olile;,' -on of Mr". .Man-aiel Schu'.t-,-, .tlld a (M-M! ielli.lll de-erviiig of the re.-jiect ibiil is ijcneri'.lly eeeonlod bilii. When the hi.lis jn tli, lidfi-y of St. !Miki'j'� ehiiri'li pi'oi laiined Unit tho lilir when (In: cei (Oiionie.; v.ci e lobe (lei (oriiieil liad luriveil, the largo chuieli v.-ns lilled with reliilives and fileinU of the eonliaetiiig parties, to witiie.-is the arrival of liio v.'cddidg oor-le;;c, and Ibc iiM|/o,TiiiL' crreioonle.i al the altar. .Mi. II. Seliiiltz ot I'arkers-li�i'g, M I', t'liinl! 11 roll'of Heiiiseii, and lohn Sehiill,'., liroiher of the jm'ooui, ^ave was calb'd together .Siiiiilay hen it beard I lie (estimony of Dr. W Swain, one o|' Ihe niaiiii'^'ers of 11 show, and t V,-.I of till, grls who wi present when tic trouble sdirlcl. Ijoiirneil to ye:-terday, when the i-v nee of llic billowing was taken Special Policeman K. H. White, Slii ilT Thciiipseii. I'. C. Stetzell of Wat oo, a (raveliie,' man; .lack Yarney, Idii Grove, 11 ti-lephone linenmii and 1'". H. Anderson. Tho Verdict nf the coroner's jury is iiH follows: State of lo.va, Woodbury county, hs: At an iiniiiisition holden at Correctioiiville, Woiidlmry county, slate of owa, on Ihe -'.'itb and ^llth days of August liail, before Justice of the 'eace \,. P. Adams, acting coroner, .i|)on the body of Joseph Knllivan there lying dead, by Iho jurors whoso names are hereto subscribed, , said jurors upon their oaths dBpo,se, after having heard the evidence and examined said body: Wo do lliid that tho de-ceasoil came to his death by a gunshot wound in llu' head caused by Hurley Cave firing a rovolver at the said .lo-seph Sullivan. Tho Haid Harley Cave acted in self defense in tiring ii shot, and was einiri-ly jnstilied in no doing and we hereby fully and completely exonerate said Harley Cave in his act as above set out. Given under our hands at the time and place of said iiiqnisitioii as iibovi. mmitoned. A l>:MO�>v(.ri.r. Bobby bur:;l Into llie house In a s(a(o of lilgli excitement. Ills bands iiiid elollilng were smeared with a liberal iiiuonnt of some sticky Kubstaiice, and Ills I'ace wore u glow of ti'liimpliaiit .i-'.'illsfjictl'o)!. "I say, inaiiiinil, those new people across the way don't know much!" he exclaimed. "Tliey've got a sign on tbi'lr front door that says 'Wet Paint'.' " "And you are covered with It! Von (lUfjIit to be ashamed of yourself!" said Ills motliei' severely. "That sign was put np to warn people (o keep away from It." "Vi's, itiamiua," persisted Bobby, witli the eiilhuslasni of a richly rewarded scleiitllic tnves(lKa(or, "bii( It wasn't p.iiid, and I Iciu-w It, It was varnish!"-r.ondon King. Atl'iln^l Cummins, The districi eourerence of tho M, B. cliiircli belli al Kiugsley last wook ado[del the I'olluwiiig residntion whicli will bear some political signiliconco: We are i^i'i iitly ag.,'rievod that by a combimil ion of jHiUtieiil circumstances till' opiinrtuiiity has been i;ivon for the ..iiiiporter.-' of ii legali-/;ed liquor tr:i!Ii.- lo gain siipremacy in tlio dominate parly of our state and to pbicc in iioniination for the (irst po-.-.ilioii in iiiir coniiiioii wealth one ^who ha:> ever stoeil lorllieir interests, so far a-, his public reconl is concGrnod, lieli-.iyiog Ills pirty in the timo Of its grea(e:;t need, r'lnniu:; on an inde-priideiit, licket for the Icgislatnro and seciniiii,' election to aid tile return of the legali/.ed salo ui. Jtecoi.oii/.iiJi,' (h.'it (li(i issues raised in th� itoniinant jrirtv are trivial and ir-reselenl, and Ihe failure of the platform lo amioiiiicc the reformation in-omised a, ruse used by Iho tools of rum to conirol (li.- campaign wo clial-leii!,'c them lo |iro\e the contrary imd iii sliow that the nomimit ion noted 1b not a reward for services rendered the iiit'amoiiM liijiior interests. . Persuaded of 1 he foul and clandestine treatment of the 1,'1'eiitest of moral issuis, ill llici villi of not clcarlug up of va'.';iii' statements in tho platform and leiw.-it'.ipei.i and tho poaftivo "fJrOH-lMK Oown," Kverybody has noticed that In ex treiiie old age people grow rapidly shorter, so (hat a person formerly of average height "grows down" Into jiilte a diminutive man or woman. A German contemporary points out lliat this decrea ,e of height beglim as early as (he ag(f of y."* years. At UO, we are told, llie liuiiiaii body has reached Its full height, which Is relalned for a few years, after which the "growing down" proee.sH begins. AI (list and for many yeara the inoeess Is ho alow as lo be almost Imiiereeptlble, but at (he age of about (!0 It begins to be noticeable, and afler 70, even lliongli a veteran does not stoop 111 all, (be fact that he Is served ii'i ts'sl iin'ii, wliilo.Miss Cclia tieiiloijs of I.e.Mar.-, Miss Mary Schaul staleiiieut of said of l.oMais anil .Miss Cliirinila Wagner I'l-'t \vliicli le,-iv of Alton served as tho bl'ide-i maids Miss Piilela lieck ol lliiv/anlen iicled a, tlowci' nii'l and Mcnsrs. arty. Iti Solved, tlial wu will use every honorable endeavor to compass tlio (leCcal oC III,, head of Iho republican lic-kel and n-buke llie lu'eientions and usurping spirit of (he Hiiuor forces. Guts nucU Pension. Altrou Tribune: Mrs. l.yde A. Har-cirigt(;fi liiis been allowed hoi' claim Of back pay Irom the pension bureau on aeeounl ot her deceased husband, Bi'aliiaril I!, lliu-ringlon, ut tho rate of tl'2 per nionlli, coiiimoncing from tho date ofhbi dc:ilb on August .H, 1802, to the llmo of her appllca-a widow pension under iho general law. Me. Harrington onllstod fur mitary servleo at I'ilmlra, N. Y., la Co. C'. .'tOth legimonl of Now Y'ork vol-utiloor Infantry, al lliu broaklng out ol the Civil war. I'lo was aculdontally cut In tho Iniek by one of Ills comrades, which disiibled him for fiirtbor military sorvlcc, and partially for manual labor during llie rest of his llfo, i AnoUicr Rural Roiiio. fjong-MoHcr.- Itev. I*. Iloeppnci'did on Tuojidiiy inoriiiiig of this week, In Akron Tel bum); 'J'horo has boon olr-Ibo Kvangelleal eliiirch In Hoinscu, ,;ulated and sent lo tho pobloaice de- blchfi tl.....nion of Mr, Louis l.oag and p.^rlinenl at Wa-bliiglon a piitltloa for Miss l-oulse Moser. Uio cHtabll-bne-nl ot free rural routO The ceremony was wUiiesbcil by a No. .1, which would run from Akron In large arsuinbly of friends and relatives ^ soutlie:iatei'ly dirisjllon, passing with-of the young couple. lioth wore born ], ,ni|, ,)t the Adavlllo postoflloo. n I'lyiiioiilli coijiily, Miss Moscr being Hural roiito No. I, loading from Ak-Ibo ihiuglilor o( Mr. and Mrs, l''reil ..(m in a iioi'tbweslorly dlrcutlon, has Moser o( fredoiila lowiishlp, his lirldo i, :,iilisfaetory operation for near- lliu daughter of Mr. and Mrs. William |y u year. I'rojecteil ronloNo.2, lO Long ot .Meadow township. IJotb the soulbwcl, and route No. ,3, to tho families as woll as Ihu contracting Jiar- noriheiea, havo not, yet been approved, Uo.s nro beloved ami iespecled la Ibis q'hn goveriiiiiiuil Inspector is expected eoiiimuiiity, and Iho ,wmng couple, with to urrlve here In a short time, hoivov-tbe good will o( Iheir le.-peclivc par- ..r, v.leii he will miiko invostigallon Ol eiils and best wishes of a largo circio of ,.t , :.nel'. time as is most couveuiout. : POP SulO, A. barn WxW t'.3 foot posts. AU aevr. Hour by Spoils &[aUo u good ltiud*r wagou and a good pony cheap. Enquire at Post. ;


text: Any suggestions for a car bike rack? Is it okay to get one for $100, or are they usually no good? Probably at most, just two bikes. And how easy are they to take off the car and to remount onto a friend's car? Like 1 minute? 30 seconds? 5 minutes to remount? Thanks.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Hi! I'm Jermaine…Here's Why I Wrote This Free E-Book
While pursing my doctorate in Rhetorical Theory, I spent 6 years as a Graduate Teaching Assistant.
Prior to those 6 years, I was a graduate T.A. for two years while I pursued my M.A. in Communication Studies.
I've also held adjunct teaching positions at community and for-profit colleges.
Being a teacher in front of a class has always felt natural to me. I have been fortunate to be awarded and recognized for Excellence in Teaching, Excellence in Mentoring, and Excellence in Service. Read more about those here: Award Page
But along the way I noticed that many of my colleagues and friends struggled to feel natural and relaxed when they taught. They had the same "training" as myself. They used the same instructor's manual. They attended the same teaching effectiveness workshops.
But yet, the T.A. offices filled with commiserative venting about their teaching performance, student performance, or simply the struggle to balance life, their studies, and teaching duties.
Graduate school has a way of testing your confidence. It's high pressure. There are both inner expectations and outer expectations you are working to live up to. Second guessing yourself is a time honored tradition of generations of graduate students, especially at prominent research universities.
If you have never taught before, then teaching becomes just one more challenge to your confidence.
Despite all the workshops, all the training, the weekly meetings with course directors, and commiseration with colleagues, I realized that there is no real, practical advice available specifically for first year teaching assistants on how to discover inner confidence in the classroom.
Over the past three years I have been working as a life coach with a company called The Attraction Institute. They are a company helping people find inner confidence, naturally. There is an interesting story about how I found them. You can read about that here [link to a post]. And you can hear and read testimonies from clients I've helped to feel more natural and confident here [link to post]. I've now started to move on to offering personal coaching on my own. You can hear and read testimonials here [link to post].
My life-coaching experience has helped me discover proven ways that can help the inner confidence issues many first year T.A.s are face in high pressured graduate programs.
I wrote a FREE E-book that offers practical advice on how to discover inner confidence as a graduate teaching assistant…


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/ Light Fixtures / Accent Lighting / LED Tape Lights
16-foot Blue LED 24V Bright Tape Light, Wet Location
Item #:
Nora Lighting
Availability: In Stock
Usually ships in 2-3 business days
Free Shipping on Orders Over $25
ANNIVERSARY SALE! $17 OFF any order $100 or more with promo code PEGASUS17. Learn more.
Need Assistance?
800.392.4818 M-F 8am-6pm ET
Product Overview
- White light or colors
- Separates every 12in
- Adhesive backing
- Field Cuttable
- No soldering required
- Max run 64ft
Need Assistance?
800.392.4818 M-F 8am-6pm ET
Dramatically illuminate under cabinets, coves, rails, or decks with this wet location LED flexible tape light reel. It is field cuttable and easily separates every 12in, making it simple to install this custom strip lighting system.
Required Accessories Sold Separately
- One 24-volt DC driver is required for each continuous tape light run. Three types of 24V DC LED drivers are available: non-dimmable plug-in electronic driver, non-dimmable hardwire electronic driver, and dimmable hardwire magnetic driver. Be sure to select an LED driver whose wattage rating is equal to or slightly greater than the total wattage of the LED tape light being powered.
- Calculating Total Wattage of Run: to determine the LED driver you need, calculate the total wattage rating of your tape light run by multiplying the feet of tape light you intend to power by 1.5 watts. For example, for 16 feet of tape light, you would need to select a driver rated for at least 24 watts (16ft x 1.5W/ft = 24W).
- Non-Dimmable Plug-In Electronic: choose from 24-, 45-, or 96-watt plug-in electronic drivers
- Non-Dimmable Hardwire Electronic: choose from 30-, 60-, or 100-watt hardwire electronic drivers
- Dimmable Hardwire Magnetic: choose from 96- or 300-watt hardwire magnetic drivers
Optional Accessories Sold Separately
- LED Tape Light Sections: 4-inch and 12-inch sections are available for expanding your run
- Interconnection Cables: available in five lengths: 2in, 6in, 18in, 36in, and 72in. These cables electrically link 2 sections together over a short distance or around corners.
- Splitter Cables: Y and X splitters are available. Purchase a splitter cable if you need multiple runs to connect to a single driver or if you need to split a single run of tape light into multiple sections.
- Junction Box: required for connecting hardwire drivers PNATL-530HW and PNATL-560HW to tape light
- End Cap: covers an open end of tape light. An end cap sealed by shrink wrap tube is required for each open end of tape light in order to maintain wet location listing. In dry and damp locations, end caps are not required.
- Power Line Interconnectors: connect tape light to a driver. Each reel includes a 9-inch power line interconnector. Purchase additional power line interconnectors if you are connecting a reel to more than 1 driver.
- Shrink Wrap Tube: available in a pack of 5 for sealing exposed connections made in the field. In order to maintain the ETL wet location listing, connections must be sealed using shrink wrap tube. Each reel includes 5 tubes. Purchase additional shrink wrap tubes if you will be making more than 5 connections.
- 4-Foot Plastic Channel: the plastic channel securely mounts tape light to a surface. It is UV protected and field cuttable.
- Mounting Clips: additional mounting clips are available in a pack of 15
Product Resources
Width (in)
Height (in)
Length (in)
Quantity Being Sold
Rated Life (hours)
Cutting Increment (in)
Light Source
Power Method
ETL Listed
CA Title 24
Input Voltage
Color of Light
3 Years
Mounting Hardware Included
Light Fixture Type
Tape Light
16-foot Blue LED 24V Bright Tape Light, Wet Location
Write a review
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Ask a Question
0 questions
Question from Ed Selker:
Is it possible to connect two cut ends together or can you only separate the tape at the point where the male/female connectors exist? Some products allow cut sections to be joined for odd lengths using snap fittings.
Answer from Pegasus:There are no accessories to support reconnecting the cut piece. You can use the smaller 4 inch sections (available under accessories) to fill up the space.
Question from Mik summers:
Can a remote control be added for this product?
Answer from Pegasus:There is no compatible remote accessory available for this item.
Question from Barron Electric:
What color is best for art work? Also need the accessories for assembling in different lengths. Thank you.
Answer from Pegasus:The color best for artwork will depend upon your aesthetic tastes and the location of the artwork. As for as accessories, if you view the Accessories on the product page, you will find all of the items you will need for installing tape light.
Question from Marianne Price:
How many LEDs per reel? Who is the manufacturer?
Answer from Pegasus:Marianne, There are 288 LEDs per reel. Nora Lighting is the manufacturer.
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Dedicate a seat in the theater to your family,
a friend, or a business.
Please click the link below to view the final registration locations and times for Summer 2016: Registration Locations and Times Summer 2016
Cape Fear Community College Dental Hygiene students recently partnered with Wilmington Rotary volunteers, and local dentist, Dr. Gabriel Rich, to perform dental screenings for children ages 3 to 14 at the Community Boys and Girls Club. The project, made possible by a grant from the Wilmington Rotary, enabled the students to screen 173 children and […]
Cape Fear Community College received a $3,000 grant from The Landfall Foundation to assist students finishing CFCC's Dental Hygiene program. The funds helped CFCC students afford certification exams required for employment and will ultimately enable the students to start working in their field. Regina McBarron, chairperson of CFCC's Health Science programs, said that the Landfall […]
CFCC offers many services to our students. From the Learning Lab, and Library, to the Career Connections Job Board and Bookstore, we strive to make our students' lives easier and more productive.
Cape Fear Community College strives to provide activities that enhance the social, cultural, economic, and leadership development of a diverse student body.
The Student Government Association is an active organization; it is the voice of the student body and has paved the way for open lines of communication between students and administration.
Students come to Cape Fear Community College determined to succeed. CFCC supports, recognizes, and celebrates the many successes of our students.
Cape Fear Community College is, "Home of the Sea Devils"! As a member of the National Junior College Athletic Association-Division I/II, Cape Fear Community College operates at the highest level, and competes in one of the best conferences in the country.
As an educational institution, the athletics department requires the student-athlete to be a student first and athlete second. Each student-athlete should value the high-quality education provided from Cape Fear Community College.
Support Your Sea Devils! Check the team schedules for upcoming games or check out score and stats on past games
The financial support provided by the Sea Devil Club is essential to the success of the Cape Fear Community College athletics program we now enjoy. Be a part of our team!


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The 10 best universities in the UK revealed
Cambridge and Oxford take first and second place respectively
Cambridge and Oxford take first and second place respectively
Instead of some kitchen-sink drama, I was immersed in a world of winners and losers
If there's one thing students enjoy more than a few quiet pints, it's flexing their intellectual muscles at the same time.
There can come a time in a young chaser's career when everything is in place for the first big win. For Johns Spirit, Jonjo O'Neill's attractively weighted runner in this afternoon's Paddy Power Gold Cup, the centrepiece of Cheltenham's three-day Open Meeting, that time is now.
Campaigners call for weekend protests across the country to "celebrate women" on the 43rd anniversary of Page 3
Family said BBC managers did too little to help when he contacted them to address the concerns
Tyre manufacturer acts to stop repeat of British GP which was overshadowed by a string of high-profile blowouts
Many trainers with limited resources can impress at a corresponding level, but the most instructive measure of their acuity is how they set about making the most of a horse eligible for higher grades. That is when you will often see them exposed, excitably shooting for the moon. In his campaigning of Winning Express, then, Ed McMahon must be commended in both raising and lowering the stakes.
Students at Warwick peacefully ended their anti-privatisation protest over the weekend.
It's the student test so grand one team nearly missed an exam for it – but still lost
The memory rush as the first few songs hit is almost overwhelming. Dionne Warwick sang some of the most perfectly crafted pop of the 20th century, and now here she is, in a tent in Cheltenham aged 72, doing so again a yard from me.
Corporation will set up a confidential helpline for workers worried about harassment
Singer Dionne Warwick owes nearly $10 million in back taxes and has filed for bankruptcy.
A female student is shown having her bra unhooked in public by President of Warwick Students' Union, Nick Swain. 'With Nick, it's all about action' states a student in Nick Swain's presidential re-election campaign video.
Lavelle's smart novice chaser can enhance Festival credentials against Warwick rivals
It was a blistering night of vital trivia in 18 student unions across Britain yesterday, as more than a hundred teams took part in the inaugural iQuiz.
The family show has 'run its natural course' according to actor Colin Morgan


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Its nice to be back to this family. One of the few places I know to go for help.
Well, I have somewhat good news as per my drama of having my Vista machine die on me--after the tech dude fried his motherboard trying to replace my dying board.
The instructor from the tech school was able to recover data from both of my drives--one being above named Vista, and my storage driveusing Win2K OS.
I guess its okay to mention that my friends wife (who works in a hospital) had one of the doctors donate his old machine to me--being that I have to have it for daily functioning. It runs on XP which I'm not a fan of. Nonetheless, I can now try to rebuild my system data. But now having my restored data files from other two drives, I'm not sure what I have to do to put that on the XP machine. I can see some .exe files but I don't know how to transpose them; i.e, getting web links from Firefox, or software to put Nikon photos to HD. I really don't understand how to incorporate ini or dll files to approiate file.
I'm sorta wondering if this instructor properly extracted files from other drives so I can read them. That is what I need so as to rebuild stuff--if that all makes sense. And I'm also wondering if this can be properly handeled here, or does someone have to physically be here to see whats on backup disc (files were compressed which I unzipped). I bascially wonder if there is a way I can actually read these so to put stuff back together.
Can anyone give me some kind of instructions as to how I extract my web links or make exe files work? I'm willing to provide my e-mail address if someone understands me and can guide me through the process. After losing my Vista stuff and now trying to start over is a new (and sad experience) for me. I also miss Vistas version of Majong too.
Thank you for your understanding.


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More New and Used
from Private Sellers
Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.
Secret Science : Spanish Cosmography and the New World
ISBN13:by Portuondo, Maria M.
Univ of Chicago Pr
Questions About This Book?
What version or edition is this?
This is the Reprint edition with a publication date of 4/18/2013.
What is included with this book?
- The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any CDs, lab manuals, study guides, etc.
The discovery of the New World raised many questions for early modern scientists: What did these lands contain? Where did they lie in relation to Europe? Who lived there, and what were their inhabitants like? Imperial expansion necessitated changes in the way scientific knowledge was gathered, and Spanish cosmographers in particular were charged with turning their observations of the New World into a body of knowledge that could be used for governing the largest empire the world had ever known. As María M. Portuondo here shows, this cosmographic knowledge had considerable strategic, defensive, and monetary value that royal scientists were charged with safeguarding from foreign and internal enemies. Cosmography was thus a secret science, but despite the limited dissemination of this body of knowledge, royal cosmographers applied alternative epistemologies and new methodologies that changed the discipline, and, in the process, how Europeans understood the natural world.


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Ninja Theory Posts New Footage from Mystery AAA Project
Just couple of days ago, Ninja Theory (developer behind DmC: Devil May Cry) posted a new job opening for their unannounced AAA project. Now guess what, today Ninja Theory posted a mysterious video on their official website which indicates what this AAA project could be.
On NeoGaf have posted screen grabs from the video. You can check it out below. Going by the character details, this unannounced project from Ninja Theory seems to be a next-gen game for Xbox One and PS4.
You can watch the footage below


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About this listing
NEW - Outdoor Bath/Pool
Very private room at rear with courtyard overlooking ricefields
Breakfast included. 1 hour drive to airport.
Satellite TV DVD
Scooter Hire
Go to our Detailed Description for ALL our ROOM LISTINGS
The Space
This listing is for our private room with courtyard, kitchenette and ricefield views.
If you require 2 or more rooms please see our other listings.
This villa is all about cultural connection and the handmade - Natural materials and lifestyle.
Our freshly prepared food will be served to you on handmade wood fired ceramics and artworks also by the owner reflect Balinese culture and landscapes, as do the wooden artifacts and textiles.
Our friendly family staff will make you feel connected to the Bali spirit with their smiles and attention to your need.
Wayan, our manager, can be your guide and transport host to connect you to attractions, events and activities.
Staying at Ubud ArtVilla is more than just accommodation. We will give you a complete Bali holiday.
We specialize in natural and cultural activities. Rafting, trekking downhill cycling, performances, dance and temple visits are just some of what we do and do very well. Airport or other hotel transfers are available on request.
Ubud ArtVilla Boutique Guesthouse B&B Villa is a contemporary classic romantic thatch roofed townhouse occupying a prime position in Penestanan - one of Ubud's best known artistic hamlet garden estates. On the outskirts of central Ubud Penestanan is famous for it's artists, sculptors, galleries, cafes and restaurants. A wonderful blend of tradition with modern convenience.
The ArtVilla overlooks rice fields with views of Mt Agung and Camphuan ridge.
We are ideally located within easy reach, 15 minute walk, of the district of Ubud palace, markets and shopping streets, yet we are a haven of natural charm and quiet. Ubud is 1 hour drive from the airport.
Every large room is unique and equipped with air conditioning if needed, ceiling fans, which we recommend, lockable cupboard storage, indoor/outdoor garden bathroom, private courtyard or terraces onto the 12 meter natural rock swimming pool with waterfalls and rock landscaping.
We have free wifi connection and music to enliven or relax you every day.
We are the perfect place for a romantic getaway. Honeymooners, couples, families or Yoga, meditation/ health retreat, Art, photography and pottery groups will find this ideal.
There is a fully staffed kitchen with fresh filtered water which we provide you to save money and buying plastic bottles. Due to our eco friendliness we try to minimize the use of any plastic bags and bottles.
Daily breakfast is included.
Menu for extra lunch and dinners is available.
We prefer you not to smoke within the compound. Strictly no smoking in the bedrooms and main living areas.
There's so much more to tell and discover but better you come and see for yourself. We will welcome you to our beautiful home with complimentary drinks.
Guest Access
Satellite TV and DVD
Great aircon
views of ricefields
Private kitchenette and courtyard
Interaction with Guests
Wayan and staff are there for your every need
The Neighborhood
Cafes restaurants shops and warungs all within 50 meters of front gate
Getting Around
Taxis are located 50 meters from front gate or transport available with Wayan and staff. We hire scooters too.
Other Things to Note
We are a small boutique B&B with only 5 rooms.
We ask that you refrain from smoking in the bedrooms and living areas. We are eco friendly and offer you fresh filtered water, clean air and a healthy relaxing environment. For families with young children we ask that you provide parental supervision because of unfenced swimming pool.
We charge only 10% Government tax. There are no service charges.
We welcome you to enjoy our beautiful house and be enriched by your Real Bali Experience.
21 Reviews
Your Host
I am an artist, teacher and cultural travel organiser. My interest in the arts takes me regularly to Asia and many locations. Bali has become more than a travel destination and my connections with the Balinese people have enriched my life. i hope to share some of this with you if you stay at my Boutique Hotel Villa in Ubud.
Of course my life revolves around art, music and culture and these things inform the philosophy of the Villa. But I also love nature, the outdoors, adventure and cultural discovery. If you stay with us we will share all this with you.


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Touching down in Glasgow, the first stop from the airport for us is often the Stravaigin Cafe on Gibson Street. We have a culinary crush on the Scottish staples from their main menu: the Jamaican pimento-spiced haggis, neeps and tatties are a must for those seeking Scottish fayre with a bit of bite. If we fly in early, their good value Sunday brunch offers everything from a Full Scottish Breakfast to the Asian-inspired Nasi Goreng with a Scottish twist; their 'Pick Me Up Refreshers' menu, which includes a lip smackingly good 'best in the West' Bloody Mary rounds things off nicely.
No trip to Glasgow would be complete for us without heading to some of the city's live music venues – which double up nicely, incidentally, as some of the Glasgow's most interesting drinking wells. King Tut's Wah Wah Hut and the Barrowlands are undoubtedly two of the best known institutions, but for something a bit more low key, we can't better Distill (formerly Ivy) on Argyle Street, with its vast rum menu, weekend DJs and live music nights. Its in close proximity to The Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum (the most visited museum outside of London, folks) makes this an all round great spot. A short subway ride away and also worth a jaunt is The Horseshoe Bar, on Glasgow's Drury Street, famed for making the Guinness Book of Records for having the longest bar in the UK (31.4 metres, if you're curious). We make our escape before the nightly karaoke kicks in, though...
We never tire of the Riverside Museum, Scotland's Museum of Transport and Travel. This amazing piece of architecture by Zaha Hadid sits on the Clyde, across from the old Govan dockyards. The recently acquired South African locomotive is the largest exhibit in the Glasgow Museums' collection. On a sunny day, the museum cafe's a great spot to sit and people watch.
When it comes to where to stop the night, we're a bit smitten with Glasgow's recently refurbed Grand Central Hotel. Sitting adjacent to the city's Central Station, the hotel was originally designed by Scottish architect Robert Rowand Anderson. In a nice twist, it can boast to playing its own part in history, being the venue from which the world's first long-distance television pictures were transmitted by John Logie Baird in 1927.
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About the author: KatieKatie Manning
Katie is an author for the Virgin Atlantic blog. Despite her urban London residency, Katie can often be found exploring far-flung corners of the globe in search of exciting new experiences and stories. A self-confessed night-owl, she makes it her mission to search out the best cocktail bars and live music venues on each and every expedition. Follow Katie @kt_saramanning


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I am new to sewing and want to make some bedding for my LO but I was looking at material and alot of it says, do not use for infant sleepwear. Is that just the clothes or bedding too? And it's just regular material, no fancy, fluffy stuff. What is best to use to make bedding? Remember- I'm new to sewing!
Do not use for infant sleepwear...
Posted 10/22/2010
Comments (3)
Group Owner
Posted 10/22/2010
I have nooooo clue when it comes to that, but I'd have to assume if its not safe for sleepware, it probably isn't suitable for something to sleep on- just because if it's highly flamboyant on baby, it's just as flamboyant under baby.
Just out of curiosity, what kind of fabric is it? I looked for an answer online, but all I could really gather was that cotton was the most popular fabric used for childrens bedding.
♥ My Etsy ♥
Posted 10/23/2010
I've seen 100% cotton flannel with that warning before... I assume it's because it's not treated with a flame retardant. So it's highly flammable. :)
I found this - http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100529200549AAgWNoN
Lorna, mom to
Rachael (12/02), Jenna (5/05), Libby (9/09), & Aaron (8/11)


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Update on JustinaJustina belongs to the communal bank Las Triunfadoras located in the district of Andahuaylillas in the province of Quispicanchis in Cusco, Peru. She is a hardworking and multifaceted woman.
She continues working breeding small animals such as guinea pigs, chickens and pigs, selling firewood, and also she sells stones from a quarry in the field.
Justina is now asking for a loan in order to buy food such as forage, alfalfa and sutuche (feed for pigs from a corn base) for her animals. Justina is very grateful to Kiva for permitting her to strengthen her business which allows her to sustain her home.
Andahuaylillas, de la provincia de Quispicanchis del Cusco – Perú. La socia es una mujer muy trabajadora y multifacética, ella continua dedicándose a la crianza de animales menores como cuyes, gallinas y cerdos, a la venta de leña y también vende piedras las cuales extrae de una cantera que posee en su terreno. Justina en esta oportunidad está solicitando el préstamo para comprar alimento como forraje, alfalfa y sutuche (comida para cerdos a base de maíz) para sus animales. Justina está muy agradecida con KIVA por permitirle fortalecer su comercio el cual le permite llevar el sustento a su hogar.
Previous Loan DetailsJustina was born in Andahuaylillas and has lived 72 years, all of them dedicated to the fields and raising animals. She is married and has 5 adult children. Her work is the sale of chicha de jora (a traditional alcoholic beverage) from her home and raising small animals such as guinea pigs and ... More from Justina's previous loan »
Additional Information
Important InformationAbout Asociación Arariwa
Asociación Arariwa is a large non-governmental organization that started offering microcredit in 1994 to improve the quality of life, skills and equity of the population in the rural Cusco region of Peru. Arariwa serves the southern Andean provinces of Peru, and is distinguished by its efforts to reach the very poor, who often live in isolated rural areas. Arariwa fosters village banking, supports savings accounts, promotes access to education, and empowers women entrepreneurs (who make up 78% of its borrowers).
Concurrent and Successive Loans
Our Field Partners often work with borrowers over a series of loans as the borrowers build credit, take out bigger loans, and expand their businesses. In order to make it easier for our Field Partners to post loans for borrowers who have been listed on Kiva before, we allow them to post successive and concurrent loans for their Kiva borrowers. This means that our Field Partners are able to post a borrower's second, third, etc., loan on Kiva without having to re-enter all of the borrower's information.
This borrower has been listed on Kiva before, so you'll see an updated loan description, as well as excerpts of the original descriptions from earlier loans. Most borrowers take out loans consecutively, meaning that they receive a second loan after having repaid the first. However, sometimes our Field Partners give out concurrent loans, allowing borrowers to take out one primary loan and a secondary "add-on" loan along with it. These "add-on" loans are typically smaller than the borrower's primary loan and serve a different purpose. Because Field Partners can now post loans as successive and concurrent loans, you will be able to track borrower progress over time and see the various ways a borrower is working with our Field Partners through funds from Kiva's lenders.
About Peru
36View loans »
Success!! The loan was 100% repaid
- Repayment Term
- 8 months (Additional Information)
- Repayment Schedule
- Monthly
- Pre-Disbursed:
- Oct 19, 2012
- Listed
- Nov 3, 2012
- Currency Exchange Loss:
- Possible
- Ended:
- May 17, 2013
Photo from previous loan
Kiva allows our Field Partners to re-use the same photo for individual borrowers that have been posted on Kiva's website once before in a 24 month period, and we allow them to re-use group photos for up to 24 months, provided that 80% of the current group's membership is represented.
Taking, collecting, and uploading photos of borrowers is one of the most challenging elements of using Kiva for our Field Partners. In order to make Kiva easier for Field Partners to use, we have allowed them to post successive and concurrent loans without taking a new photo of the borrower if the criteria above are met.


text: Public Information Act Training Video TranscriptCenturies ago, our nation was founded like no other: free, democratic and open. Spelled out in the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights, Government derives their just powers from the consent of the governed– powers entrusted to them by the populous.GENERAL ABBOTT: The public's right to know is essential to accountability in government. We have the right to know what occurs in government meetings, and what is contained in public records. It's openness, mandated by state and federal law. It's only natural that elected officials and government leaders want recognition for their successes, but not their failures. But we as a healthy democracy need to know the good, the bad, and the ugly.Today we carry on the ideals and sacrifice of our country's founders.Openness and accountability, not secrecy and concealment, is what keeps our democracy strong and enduring.That's what a free democratic government is all about, and you can't have one unless people know what is going on behind government doors.The Texas Attorney General's Office presents, "Open Government Training: Open Records."GENERAL ABBOTT: Hello, I'm Texas Attorney General, Greg Abbott. A democracy depends on fully informed citizens and they in turn depend upon a government that is open and accessible. In a state as large as Texas, that's a big job, both for citizens and for government. The public sometimes has to wade through the bureaucracy to find the information it needs and government representatives sometimes struggle to understand the law. We expect this video will help everyone. As Attorney General, I'm committed to protecting open government in Texas. To get that job done we have streamlined the way we issue open records rulings and we've added a team of prosecutors to help county and district attorneys enforce the law. Education also plays a big role by making sure that everyone understands the importance of open government. By watching this video you are helping us, help you keep government open for everyone and that's a job we all share. Thanks in advance for your attention.NANCY:: Hello and welcome to the Open Records training video developed by the Texas Attorney General's Office. My name is Nancy Fuller, and I am the chair of the Opinion Committee at the Attorney General's Office. This training is going to cover the basics of the Public Information Act. We'll begin with some general background.Announcer: Information is Presumed OpenUnder the Public Information Act, all information of a governmental body is presumed to be open to the public unless there is a specific exception to disclosure. NANCY: It's important to start with the presumption of openness, and if you want to withhold information from a requestor, it is imperative that you show how the information is confidential or excepted from disclosure. It doesn't work the other way around. It's not that the information is closed and the public needs to demonstrate that it's open. You begin with the presumption that the information is open and that you need to show that it's closed if you want to withhold it from the public.What is Public Information? Public information under the Public Information Act applies to information that is collected, assembled or maintained under a law or ordinance or in connection with a transaction of official business by a governmental body that is subject to the Public Information Act. NANCY: Public information can exist in virtually any format. It can be paper, microfilm, video, audiotapes, e-mails, computer data. Just because it's not printed out on paper doesn't mean it's not public information. If it's created by your government body; if you've obtained it from an outside source and now you have it at your agency, it is public info that is subject to the Public Information Act, and it can be requested through an Open Records request by the public. QUESTION:I sometimes work out of my house. Are e-mails and documents on my home computer public information, subject to the Public Information Act?NANCY: That's a question we get asked quite frequently, and the answer is, potentially, yes. Information is generally considered "public information" when it relates to official business of a governmental body or is maintained by a public official or employee in the performance of official duties, even though it may only be in the possession of one person. In addition, the Public Information Act states that it is the policy of this state that each person is entitled, unless otherwise expressly provided by law, at all times to complete information about the affairs of government and the official acts of public officials and employees. The characterization of information as "public information" doesn't rest with where the information is being stored or kept. Who is a "governmental body" subject to the Public Information Act?NANCY:: A governmental body subject to the Public Information Act includes and most often means, entities within the executive or legislative branches of state government, County Commissioners Courts, Municipalities, School districts, Counties, and non-governmental entity or a part of such an entity that is supported by public funds. It does not include the judicial branch of government.QUESTION:How can I request records of the judiciary?NANCY: Records of the judiciary are not governed by the Public Information Act. Many court records are available for inspection or copying at the court clerk's office. To request records of the judiciary, the request must be in writing and must be addressed to the court's custodian of records. What is a Public Information Request? NANCY: Under the Public Information Act, there are really only two requirements for something to qualify as a Public Information request.NANCY: First of all, it has to be in writing. A request that's made verbally, either over the telephone or in person, doesn't trigger the Public Information Act. The second requirement is that it asks for information or records already in existence. To help illustrate this point, let's take a look at a scenario similar to something that you may encounter.Woman Bureaucrat: May I help you?Man: Yeah, I think so. I'm actually looking for a few thingsWoman Bureaucrat: Whatcha' need?Man: Well first I'd like to get a copy of the arrest warrant for the guy the police picked up yesterday for the homicide, and then I'd like to get a copy of the autopsy report for the victim from last week.Woman Bureaucrat: Okay, I need your request in writing, that way I know exactly what you're looking for and it clearly activates the protections of the Public Information Act.Man: Actually I have that right here and I was also wondering if I could get the minutes from last weeks city council meeting and a copy of the certified agenda from the executive...Male Requestor: You know what we want.Woman Bureaucrat: Oh excuse me sir, just a moment, let me just take care of this real quick. These people are in here every day it seems like I just keep that file waiting for them.Man: What's their story?Woman Bureaucrat: They're determined to prove that Texasville is the true capitol of our great state. They think the answer is in the original city charter but they've been over it so many times I don't know what they possibly hope to find at this point.You'll notice the clerk correctly asked for the requestor to make his request in writing. Under the Public Information Act, if a requestor does not put their request in writing, the Public Information Act and its protections are not triggered. However, there are some items you may have readily available in your offices. Customer service is always a best practice in responding to requests for information. There are some instances where you can choose to provide the information or requested items within a few minutes or hours. In other instances you will need more time to provide the documents to the requestor or seek a ruling from the Attorney General 's office – you'll learn more about that process in a few moments.NANCY: Go ahead.QUESTION: If someone asks for public information during a conversation, can I answer that request?NANCY: Yes, you may answer an oral request for information. It is important to point out though, that answering an oral request does not invoke the Public Information Act, but it can be a public service. It is important to remember that if your governmental body answers oral requests, it is the Attorney General' s position that all requestors should get fair and equitable treatment. Generally speaking, a public information request does not need to be addressed to any particular person. If the request comes in by mail, a delivery service, or hand delivery, it doesn't have to be addressed to a specific person at the governmental body. It can be addressed to any employee at a governmental body, or to the governmental body itself. There are a few exceptions, though, that are very important. The law allows an agency to designate a specific person to be the recipient of fax or e-mail requests for public information, and in those cases, these requests must be addressed to that specific employee, who is responsible for fulfilling those requests for information. In addition, a governmental body typically designates a particular employee to receive public information requests, often known as the Public Information Coordinator. It is also important to note, that after receiving a public information request, a governmental body does not have to create new information, do legal research, or answer questions. A governmental body does, however, have to make a good faith effort to relate information it does have to a public information request that it receives. What do you do or not do in responding to a request? NANCY: Lets take a look at some examples of correspondence you might receive at your governmental body and talk about whether or not they qualify as public information requests that trigger the requirements of the Public Information Act. The first example here is a letter from a law firm and it says, "To whom it may concern: please be advised that we represent Bad Company, Inc. a defendant in an upcoming lawsuit. We are requesting all documents related to Bad Company, Inc. Please forward those documents to us as soon as possible, and we will, of course, be happy to reimburse you for any expenses associated with this request. Very truly yours, a named partner in the firm." So how many of you think that this is a Public Information request that triggers the requirements of the Public Information Act? Okay, its always best to start by asking yourself a few questions. Is it in writing? Yes, this one obviously is in writing. Second, does it ask for information in existence? Well let's assume that it does. So, in other words, it's not asking us to create new information; its not asking us to perform legal research; and its not asking us to answer specific questions. So yes, most of you were correct; this is a valid public information request. Well let's move on to our second example. Here we have a hand-written letter and it says, " I want all records involved in report #225436," and it's signed "Bob Scrawl." How many of your think that this is a public information request that triggers the Public Information Act? Hmm, I see a few of you aren't so sure this time. But again, let's ask ourselves the two important questions: Is it in writing, and does it ask for information that is already in existence? And the answer to both of those questions is yes. So it is a valid public information request. A public information request doesn't need to be typed up, it doesn't need to be on somebody's letterhead. It doesn't need any specific or magic words like "this is a request under the Public Information Act". It doesn't need to cite any particular laws. If it is in writing and it asks for information that is in existence, or may be in existence, then it is a public information request and it triggers the Public Information Act. Lets go on to our third example. It says, "To whom it may concern: please send me all documents you have regarding your receptionist Joan Crawford. Man is she a doll. Sincerely, Mel Gibson. So, how many of you think this is a Public Information Request that triggers the Public Information Act? Ok, I see some of you with doubts. But again, it's in writing and it asks for information already in existence. It's really not your role to worry about what's being asked for. So don't be concerned whether it seems odd or strange, because what you need to focus on is whether this is a public information request and then, if it is, how do you need to respond accordingly. So those of you that raised your hands, you were correct. Yes, this is a legitimate open records request. But let's say that Mel Gibson had gotten it wrong, just a little bit wrong, and he had asked for information regarding your receptionist Joan Crawford but, actually, your receptionist's name is Jane Crawford. Again, you have to make a good faith effort to relate a request for information to information that you do have. Don't be hyper technical about how you interpret requests for information. So if you know you have a receptionist named Jane Crawford and that Mel Gibson probably just mistyped his request or got her name wrong then go ahead and relate that request to information that you do have about Jane Crawford.Promptly produce public informationA governmental body must promptly produce Public Information to a requestor that can't be withheld by law. This means that information should be given as soon as possible without delay, which is a reasonable time under the circumstances. QUESTION:I work for a governmental body that is very small and is only open for business one day a week. If I take several weeks to respond to a request for information is that promptly?NANCY: You must promptly produce Public Information in response to a public information request "Promptly" means that a governmental body may take a reasonable amount of time to produce the information. Now, your response will likely hinge on the availability of the information requested. In some instances, the amount of information that is being requested is very large and voluminous, and so it may depend on how much information is being requested, and it may depend on where the information is located. Do you have it in storage and do you need to pull it from the warehouse? No matter how much information is at play, and no matter where it's being stored, you're going to get the information to the requester as soon as reasonably possible under the circumstances. Something else that's very important and sometimes an issue: don't ask the requestor why they want this information. The law prohibits asking why a requestor wants the information or what the requestor intends to do with it. No matter how curious you are, never ask a requestor why they want Public Information. Lets take a look at a scenario:Man: Alright where was I? I need the minutes from last week's city council meeting and the certified agenda from the executive session, as well.Woman Bureaucrat: What do you need with this stuff?Man: Well, I don't think you can legally ask me that.Female Requestor: That's right, its no concern of the government's what you want that information for. Woman Bureaucrat: Sorry. You're absolutely right. Okay, I can get you the autopsy report, that should just take a second to find and I can get you the probably cause affidavit for the arrest but I can't give you the certified agenda.Man: Why not?Woman Bureaucrat: Well as I understand it, certified agendas are confidential under the Open Meeting's Act.. I would have to check with the Attorney General's office for a ruling on that before I could release those documents.Man: If you're sure, why do you need to ask? Woman Bureaucrat: Under the law, anytime I want to withhold information I have to get an AG's ruling. Man: Well how long does that take?Woman Bureaucrat: Generally speaking, the AG is supposed to respond within 45 business days. Man: Ok, lets do that.Woman Bureaucrat: Ok, I'll send you a copy of the letter we send to the AG's office asking for the ruling.Man: How will I know when the AG has made a decision?Woman Bureaucrat: They will send you a copy of their decisionMan: If I'm entitled to the documents when the AG's office send them to me?Woman Bureaucrat: No only the governmental body in question can send out the documents.You'll notice the requestor correctly pointed out to the woman that she CANNOT ask why he wanted the information. No matter how bad you want to know why the request was made, it is against the law to ask a requestor. Additionally, you are not liable for what the requestor does with the information once it is released.NANCY: You can, however, ask a requestor to clarify what they are asking for if you don't understand a request, or you can ask them to narrow their request if the amount of information might be voluminous. So if you're not sure what a requestor is asking for, or if you just have a lot of information and you think the requestor may just not understand that you have such a large amount of information, feel free to contact the requestor. We've found that the easiest way to do this is to simply pick up the phone and contact the requestor to talk about these issues. Most requesters are very willing to speak with you and discuss their requests because they understand that the easiest way to get a good response to their request, and to get it efficiently, is to make sure that you understand what their request is.QUESTION:Can a governmental body and a requestor come to an agreement to release more or less than what was originally requested?NANCY: Yes, a governmental body and a requestor can agree that what is to be released pursuant to a request is more or less than what was originally requested. However, the best practice is to document in writing any changes to the original request.All requesters must be treated equally.NANCY: Keep in mind that it is really vital to treat all requesters equally. Regardless of who the requestor is, you need to treat them the same as any other requestor. For example, in fairness, you're going to want to address requests in the order you receive them, and you're not going to want to show any preferential treatment to one requestor over another. Also remember, governmental bodies are not responsible under the law for a requestor's later use of information that you provided to them. That is simply not something you need to worry about and it's certainly not a reason to deny or delay your response to a public information request.QUESTION: We have a great web page where I work, and the staff at my governmental body works hard to keep it up to date and keep the information current. If a requestor asks for something I know is on the web page can I just send the requestor to the web to answer the request?NANCY:Under the Act, a governmental body must either provide the information for inspection or duplication in its offices or send copies of the information by first class United States mail. The Attorney General has determined that a public information officer does not fulfill his or her duty under the law by simply referring a requestor to a governmental body's website for requested public information. A requestor may, however, agree to accept information on a governmental body's website in fulfillment of the request and, in that situation, the governmental body must inform the requestor of the Internet address of the requested information.Can I charge for my time and documents?NANCY: The answer to that question is yes. You can charge for the amount of time it takes for you to gather the information and you can charge for the copies you make for the requestor. But there are established rules you need to follow when you charge a requestor and those rules are available on the attorney general's website. Let's return to our scenario for a look at a situation you may encounter.Woman Bureaucrat: If you want to make copies you can use that machine right over there, it's only ten cents a copy.Man: Thank youWoman Bureaucrat: Lets see. You want copies of all the land contracts from Texasville for the last twenty years and all the minutes from every city council meeting since its conception. And what's this?Female Requestor: Oh, every registered voter in the history of city and we'd like that by the ten business day deadline, thank you very much. And that means starting today you'll have about two weeks.Woman Bureaucrat: I don't know...Female Requestor: No, the law says you have ten daysWoman Bureaucrat: Actually, hon, the ten days starts the first business day after I receive your request and then they give me that much time to respond to you. With this kind of volume, the law does give me a little leeway.Male Requestor: Is there a problem here? Woman Bureaucrat: Listen, it takes time and money to locate the kind of information you're looking for, and this is going to get pretty costly for you.Male Requestor: How's that?Woman Bureaucrat: We can charge you, and besides, I think we're going to need an opinion from the Attorney General's on some of this stuff. That could take another 45 days. Now, If you want to narrow your focus clarify some of this request, that would save you additional delays or costs. If you don't want to, I will certify in writing, within the 10 business days, exactly when the information will be available to you.Male Requestor: Give me that list. I'll see if I can get it down to specifics.Man: You handled that really well.Woman Bureaucrat: Well, I'm happy to give 'em whatever they want, but I do have to follow the law.Man: I have everything I need, thanks.Woman Bureaucrat: Okay, you have a nice day.Nancy: Did you have a question?QUESTION:Can a requestor bring their own copying equipment to avoid charges?NANCY: In Texas Attorney General Opinion JM-757, from 1987, this office determined that members of the public have some degree of authority to copy public records themselves. However, this opinion also determined that a governmental body may refuse to allow members of the public to use their own equipment under some circumstances. These include, for example, when it is unreasonably disruptive of working conditions; when the records contain confidential information; when it would cause safety hazards; or when it would interfere with other persons' rights to inspect and copy records. The reasonableness and safety of each request should be assessed independently. It is important to remember that in assessing charges, the governmental body is required to follow the guidelines established by the Texas Attorney General's Office.If you ever have any questions about those fees you can find that information on the attorney general's Web site at www.oag.state.tx.us or you can contact the Attorney General's Open Government Hotline at 1(877) OPEN-TEX.Promptly Providing Information to the RequestorIn most cases, you will be providing the information to the requestor. This can be done in several different ways. A governmental body can send a letter detailing charges that need to be paid to receive the public information. Also, the governmental body can simply release the information or send a letter regarding additional time needed to compile information that's being released.What should I do when I believe information should not be given to a requestor? Can I say no to a requestor?NANCY: I see you have a question.QUESTION: If I'm sure information is confidential by law, can I just tell the requester that, and not ask for a ruling?NANCY: A governmental body, on its own, may not refuse a proper request for information. The law requires that you ask the Attorney General's Office for an open records ruling within 10 business days from having received the request. You have another option, you can speak to the requestor about the information you feel should be withheld, and ask them if they're interested in receiving that particular information, or that information with a few changes. You may be able to get an agreement from the requestor to narrow the request to exclude the information that you want to withhold and in that case you wouldn't need to seek a ruling from the Attorney General's Open Records Division. But if you can't get that agreement from the requestor, and the requestor is just adamant that they need that information; and if you have a good faith belief that the information is confidential or excluded from open records according to the Public Information Act, then you need to request a ruling from the Open Records Division that would allow you to withhold that information, and you need to do that within 10 business days.How do you count 10-business days?NANCY: Let's take a look at a calendar. You'll notice that the request for information was received on a Tuesday. You'll also notice that you do not start counting on Tuesday. You start counting on the next business day– that is day one. Any day of the week that you are open for business, is a business day and you count that toward your ten business days. When you get to the weekend, the weekends are not business days. As you get down towards – between day 8 and day 9 – you'll notice that we have holidays. Any holiday that your office is closed for business is not considered a business day under the Public Information Act. And finally, you get down here to January 2nd and that's your 10th business day deadline. That' s the day by which you need to respond to the public information request or seek a ruling form the Open Records Division if you need to withhold information from the requestor.Please remember, in counting 10 business days, you start counting the day AFTER the written request is received. Saturday's, Sundays and holidays DO NOT count towards the ten days: you skip over those days and resume your counting on the next business day. Also optional holidays, skeleton crew days, or days when your office is closed, and NOT open for business, do not count towards the 10 day total.How do I request a ruling from the Texas Attorney General's Office?You must send a letter to the Open Records Division asking for a ruling. The letter must detail what exceptions to disclosure apply.NANCY: So the first step in the process is to send a letter to the Open Records Division seeking a ruling by the 10th business day after you've received the request for information.The second thing you want to do by the 10th business day is to notify the requestor that you are seeking a ruling from the Attorney General's Open Records Division. You need to let the requestor know; you can't just keep them in the dark. The requestor needs to know that you're seeking a ruling from the OR division, and the easiest and most efficient way to do that is simply to send them a copy of the request for a ruling that you sent to the Open Records Division by the 10th business day.Finally, you must notify any third parties who has a trade secret interest or a commercial financial interest in the information that's been requested.NANCY: So those are the three things you need to do. Seek a ruling from the Open Records Division. Let the requestor know about it. And also let any interested third party know about your request for a ruling.Once you've completed all those steps, you're still not finished. The bulk of the work that you're going to need to do is to seek a ruling from the OR Division; You'll need to do by the 15th business day after you've received the request for information. By that day, you need to provide the OR Division with arguments about why you think the information should be withheld from disclosure. You need to provide legal arguments showing why the exceptions you raised in your 10 business day letter apply to the information that you are wanting to withhold. By the 15th business day, you're also going to need to provide the OR Division with a copy of the request that you received from the requestor. The OR Division will need to see a copy of the actual request, and the best way to do that is to attach the letter to the arguments that you submit to the Attorney General's Office. You're also going to need to let the OR Division know the exact date that your office received the Public Information request. You can do that very easily by just putting a statement in the arguments that you received on the 10th business day, or the 15th business day, or if you have a copy of the public information request that is date stamped, that is also a good way to let the OR Division know the exact date you received the request. By the 15th business day, you'll also need to provide the OR division with copies of the documents that you want to withhold from the requestor. The Division will need to see these documents so they can determine whether or not the exceptions that you've raised, and the arguments that you've made apply to the information that you're seeking to withhold. If you have a large amount of information, and it's essentially the same information, you can provide the OR Division with a representative sample of those documents. You don't need to provide page after page, box after box of the same type of information. You can provide a representative sample under these circumstances.QUESTION:Can a governmental body always submit a representative sample of the information requested when requesting a ruling from the Attorney General?NANCY: Not always. There are some instances, such as when third party proprietary information is at issue, where a mere sample cannot be submitted and the Open Records Division needs each and every document requested. If you ever have any questions about how much information to send, it's always a good idea to err on the side of caution, or contact us before you send the sample to us.You also need to be sure to label the documents to show which exceptions apply to which documents or which sections of the documents. Please be sure that you mark them in such a way that the Open Records Division can still see the information you're wanting to withhold, rather than blacking them out, for example. You need to make sure you label it clearly and that there is no confusion between the labels you are making, and the markings on the documents.So remember, if you think some of the information being requested should not be released under the Public Information Act, it is up to you to ask for a ruling. By the 10th business day you must ask – in writing – the Open Records Division of the Office of the Attorney General for a ruling and state the exceptions that you believe apply. You must also notify the requestor that you have asked for a ruling, supplying the requestor with a copy of the letter you've sent to the Attorney General's office. This is a very easy way to let them know. And finally, you must also notify any Third Parties with proprietary interest in the information concerned with the requested ruling.By the 15th business day you must then submit to the Open Records Division of the Texas Attorney General's Office: a) Written comments stating the reasons why the stated exceptions apply that would allow the information to be withheld; b) A copy of the written request; c) By the 15th day, a signed statement as to the date on which the written request for information was received or evidence sufficient to establish that date; also, d) A copy of the specific information requested, or a representative sample of the information if a voluminous amount of information was requested needs to be sent into the Attorney General's Office by the 15th day.. e) When submitting these items please label that copy of the specific information, or representative samples, to indicate which exception apply to which parts of the copy. f) You must also send a copy of written comments to requestor, redacted if necessary.Withholding information without seeking a rulingNANCY: Say you disregard the 10 day rule, what happens? If you don't request a ruling from the Attorney General's Office and just decide to withhold the information without seeking a ruling? The information that you're wanting to withhold is going to be presumed to open to the public and it's going to have to be realist unless it is confidential by law.Let's now take a look at a scenario that we hope will assist you in reviewing the procedures for requesting an Attorney General's ruling. Today's the day we need to put together our brief to send to the Attorney General's Office, so let's put it together and go back through what we have done and what we need to do so we can get it right.OkWell, this is our 10th business day, and we've raised our exceptions in our 10th business day letter as well as sent them a copy of the original request with the date received on it. Did we send a copy of this written communication and a copy of the original request back to the requestor?Yeah, we did. We CC'd them.So all we need to do today is put together our 15 day letter to the Attorney General's Office.Correct. So we met our legal requirements for the 10 day and so today we're gonna put the 15 day together to send it off to the Attorney General's Office. Our first part of the 15 day is our brief, so here's our letter and our brief to the Attorney General's Office explaining our exceptions, ok? Then what we're gonna have to add, is we're gonna have to add the original request.Didn't we already send that on the 10th business day?We did, but the law requires that we send the original request with the 15 day also. We also need to add the letter that we sent to the requestor showing that we did tell them about us asking for a ruling.So essentially we're re-sending our 10 day letter and our 15 day to the Attorney General's Office. Correct. That's what we're doing. So after all that, we're still not done. We need to send a representative sample or the actual documents to the Attorney General's Office. They need to be bracketed and labeled with the exception that we want to use to withhold that information.So what you've done is make copies of the documents you've released to the requestor, but bracketed the information that you want to withhold and labeled next to the brackets the exceptions to disclosure that you've raised.That is correct. So we're gonna send this to the Attorney General's Office, and then we're also gonna send a copy to the requestor. We actually CC'd her with our brief that explains the exceptions we are using.I noticed this says "without all enclosures."That's right. We're not sending her a copy of the actually documents we want to withhold.What if the brief itself reveals the information at issue?Then we can black that information out.So the requestor is going to get a CC of our correspondence to the Attorney General's Office of the brief without the enclosures.That's correct.When is a ruling issued by the Texas Attorney General?NANCY: The Office of the Attorney General has 45 business days to issue a ruling in response to a request for a ruling. If the Attorney General needs more time, the Office can extend that once by 10 business days. And if that happens, you will be notified in writing. If the Office of the Attorney General rules that an exception applies, the governmental body will not release the information. If the Office of the Attorney General rules that no exception applies, then the governmental body, and not the Office of the Attorney General must release the information. Enforcement and PenaltiesWhat does the PIA provide for in the way of enforcement and penalties?Informal dispute resolutionThe Public Information Act authorizes the Attorney General to enforce certain provisions of the Act. Through education, investigation, and mediation, the Open Records Division seeks to resolve informally any disputes that arise between citizens and governmental bodies regarding access to public information. If a dispute cannot be resolved informally, the office will pursue legal action on the State's behalf when warranted and authorized. Challenging a rulingRequests to reconsider rulings issued by the Open Records Division are prohibited by law. However, if you believe that a factual mistake has been made by the Open Records Division in a ruling you have received then please contact the Hotline staff to discuss the situation. That number will again be displayed later in this video.If a governmental body disagrees with the legal interpretation of a ruling then it must file suit against the Attorney General in Travis County challenging the ruling. This suit must be filed within thirty calendar days from the date the ruling is received. The procedures for filing such a lawsuit are found in section 552.324 of the Public Information Act. The Texas Attorney General's office is committed to keeping government open and accessible to the public.... the Open Government Hotline is available to help you make informed decisions about Open Government issues. Sometimes, though, no matter how much guidance is provided there continues to be people who are not doing what is required. When that happens there are remedies we can take to bring those who disobey the Public Information Act into compliance. Our Assistant Attorney General in charge of Open Government is responsible for prosecuting cases where a clear violation has occurred. HARRY WHITE:Hello I'm Harry White, Assistant Attorney General, if there is one thing we can all agree on, it's the importance of open government. Without transparent operations, our government will lose the faith of the public. We can all do our part by working hard to comply with the standards set by the public information laws.My duties with the Attorney General's Office consist of both assisting Texas prosecutors in investigating and prosecuting Public Information Act criminal violations and, with consent, prosecuting those violations myself. Formal Complaints about a violation of the Public Information ActHARRY: A person who alleges a violation of the Act may seek to have a civil suit for declaratory judgment or injunctive relief brought on their behalf. This person, otherwise know as the complainant, can file a formal civil or criminal complaint in writing with the district or county attorney of the county where the governmental body is located. If the governmental body is a state agency, the complaint may be filed with the Travis County District Attorney. If the governmental body is the district or county attorney, the complaint must then be filed with the Attorney General. These prosecutors or the Attorney General may initiate an action if it is deemed appropriate and warranted. The procedures for filing such a formal complaint are found in section 552.3215 of the Public Information Act.A requestor or the Attorney General may also file a writ of mandamus to compel a governmental body's officials to make information available to the public. This can be done in three instances:1) when a governmental body refuses to provide copies or access to information that is clearly public;2) when a governmental body refuses to request an Attorney General's ruling; or3) when a governmental body refuses to release information as required by an unchallenged Attorney General's ruling. The requestor may file a written complaint with the Open Records Division if they are faced with any of the three situations we've described and they do not wish to file suit themselves. Please keep in mind that in taking complaints it is the Attorney General's role to ensuring that governmental bodies comply with the Public Information Act. We do not represent individuals as their attorney. The requestor cannot be sued but may interveneThe Public Information Act specifically states that a governmental body or other person that sues to withhold information cannot file suit against the person requesting the information. The law also provides that the requestor may sue to intervene in any such suit against the Attorney General.Criminal PenaltiesHARRY:Texas prosecutors have a range of statutory responsibilities under the Public Information Act and other laws governing access to public information, and can sometimes be in a difficult position when having to enforce them. The county attorney and the district attorney are governmental bodies themselves, and are subject to the Public Information Act. At the same time, many prosecutor's offices are the statutory attorney for the county and are responsible for advising other county officials on Public Information Act legal issues. In my experience, many governmental bodies that have failed to comply with the requirements of the Act, do so because they simply don't know the law. However, as we all know, ignorance of the law is no excuse.Failure or Refusal to Provide Access to Public InformationHARRY:If an officer for public information, or the officer's agent with criminal negligence fails or refuses to give, or to permit, or provide copying of public information to a requestor as provided by the Public Information Act, an offense has been committed. The punishment range for this charge is a fine of up to $1,000, up to six months in the county jail or both. This crime is considered a misdemeanor. A defense to this charge may exist if the officer reasonably believed that public access to the information was not required AND the officer acted in reliance on a court order or an opinion of a court or an open records decision of the Attorney General.It may also be possible that the officer has requested an open records decision of the Attorney General and no decision has been issued. Another defense may be that the public officer filed suit in Travis County district court seeking relief from the attorney generals ruling and the suit is still pending – but remember, that suit has to be filed no later than the 10th calendar day after the open records decision has been issued by the Attorney General declaring the information public. An officer's agent has a defense if the agent reasonably relied upon the written instruction of the officer for public information.Failing to provide information under this law is official misconduct. Possible ramifications of a conviction include removal from office for elected officials.It's also important to remember another very serious issue relating to the Public Information Act. It is a crime under to destroy, remove or alter Public Information. To be guilty of this crime a person must wilfully destroy, mutilate, remove without permission or alter public information.The punishment range for this charge is a fine from $25 to $4,000, from 3 days up to three months in the county jail or both. This crime is considered a misdemeanor. The third criminal charge under the Public Information Act is Distribution or Misuse of Confidential Information. A person violates this statute if he distributes information considered to by confidential by the Public Information Act. Additionally, if confidential information is released to member, agency or committee of the legislature for legislative purposes, an officer or employee of that governmental body commits an offense if he knowingly: - Uses the confidential information for a purpose other than the purpose for which the information was received or - Permits inspection of the confidential information by a person who is not authorized to inspect the information; or - Discloses the confidential information to a person who is not authorized to receive the information. The punishment range for this charge is a fine of up to $1,000, up to six months in the county jail or both. This crime is considered a misdemeanor. Like Failure or Refusal to Provide Access to Public Information, this crime constitutes official misconduct.Criminal sanctions serve as a reminder of how important it is to comply with not just the letter of the Public Information Act, but also its spirit. A goal of every person who works for the State, a county, a city, school district or any other governmental entity should be to foster not only the appearance of openness, but of real openness.An electorate educated in the goings on of our state's government is one of Texas's greatest assets. As public servants of this state, we should do all we can to keep the public well informed. At the Attorney General's office we appreciate all you do to effectively create an open and fair system of government.What happens if a requestor or governmental body needs help with the process?Open Government HotlineThe Texas Attorney General's office realizes there will be questions about the Public Information Act, and what information is deemed public —by law. ("Open Government Hotline...") The Attorney General Open Government Hotline provides a valuable service both to the public and to governmental entities. The Hotline is staffed by personnel trained in answering general questions pertaining to open government issues. The Hotline also operates to facilitate the resolution of disputes between governmental bodies and private citizens as controversies arise. They are not your personal attorney, but they can help educate you about the process.For More Information about the Public Information Act or the Open Meetings Act, you can call the Open Government Hotline toll free at 1 877- OPEN TEX, that's 1-877-673-6839 or write the Attorney General directly at: Office of the Attorney General Open Records Division P. O. Box 12548 Austin, Texas 78711-2548You can also get valuable information on the Attorney General's Website at www.oag.state.tx.usFrom the homepage, go to the Left Navigation column and click on "Open Government". Tab down to "Frequently Asked Questions," where you will find information about the Public Information Act and the Open Meetings Act.Another helpful resource can be found on the Website under the heading "What Requestors Should know" .... there you'll find tips for successful Open Records Requests and some of the things Requesters expect after making such a request. While accessing the Texas Attorney General's Office's website at www.oag.state.tx.us, you can also click on the "Open Government Resources" tab and find helpful resources that include: Open Records Letter Ruling; Open Record Decisions; Copies of both the Public Information handbook and Open meeting handbook; you can also find a sample of 3rd party notification letters.GENERAL ABBOTT:This video obviously doesn't include everything you need to know. The rules and regulations that govern Open Meetings and Open Records are lengthy and sometimes complicated . . . and the task of getting to know them can be intimidating. That's why my office also produces a handbook for each act, and those handbooks are available both in printed form and onlineThomas Jefferson said, "A public office is a public trust" . . . and in that spirit, the work of government must be open to the people. It is a principle written into Texas law . . . and upheld by the courts. The public's right to know is essential to accountability in government. We have the right to know what occurs in government meetings and what is contained in public records. We wouldn't have it any other way. I am pleased to make the resources of my office available to all who need them . . . so that public officials and private citizens can join me in my commitment to government in sunshine. Thank you for your time and more importantly, thank you for your service to the State of Texas.You have now finished a certified training of the Public Information Act. To print a certificate saying that you have completed this Public Information Act training, please go to our website at www.oag.state.tx.us. Once you're there, access the open Government training link, and type the code listed on the screen right now. (TXPIA921) If you are required to go through this training by law, a copy of the certificate must be on file with your governmental agency. A copy of this certificate will not be kept by the Attorney General's Office.