text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 5, 1999
|Filing date
|Jan 7, 1998
|Priority date
|Jan 7, 1998
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Kristine D. Halloran, Cheryl Y. Chase
|Original Assignee
|H.B Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (19), Referenced by (18), Classifications (27), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to an ethylene copolymer based flame retardant hot melt adhesive composition.
Hot melt compositions find use as adhesives, coatings and sealants. These compositions do not, however, have good flame retarding characteristics in and of themselves, making it necessary to add flame retarding compounds which function under heat to yield compositions which are more difficult to ignite. These compounds act under intense heat and high temperatures by absorbing heat, by decomposing to form a nonflammable ash or coating to provide a barrier against heat transfer or by evolving products such as water vapor which retards or stops further propagation of a fire. Flame retardancy is measured by the oxygen index which is a vertical burning test. An oxygen index of 21 indicates that a composition would burn in atmosphere so the oxygen index is generally required to be 23 or higher to have flame retarding characteristics. The smoke generation of these materials must also be acceptably low before they will be approved for use by the Underwriters' Laboratory (UL).
Both organic and inorganic compounds have been used for flame retardancy. Organic flame retardants include chlorinated paraffins, phosphate esters, chlorinated alicyclic hydrocarbons, fluoropolymers, polyvinyl chloride and a variety of other halogenated organic compounds. Halogenated compounds produce products having poor thermal stability resulting in poor color retention and production of noxious fumes. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,169,082 to Kusterer, Jr. issued Sep. 25, 1979, a chlorinated paraffin wax is used as the flame retardant. Such halogenated compounds have been found to produce too much smoke in the compositions of the present invention. The disadvantages of using halogenated compounds are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,378,856 to Allen issued Jan. 3, 1995. Usually these compounds are used in conjunction with an inorganic flame retardant such as antimony oxide.
Inorganic compounds, also referred to as fillers, include antimony oxide, magnesium hydroxide, zinc borate, barium metaborate, alumina trihydrate, zinc oxide, ammonium octamolybdate and magnesium distearate.
Polymeric based hot melt compositions containing flame retardant materials have been used for many purposes including sealing and jacketing of power cables, insulation and jacketing of electrical conductors and coatings for electrical and optical wires wherein the polymeric composition acts as a layer of insulation. The compositions typically used in these areas have a polymeric material and a filler. These types of compositions may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,849,135 to Reitz issued Jul. 18, 1989; U.S. Pat. No. 4,948,669 to Rolland issued Aug. 14, 1990; U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,575,184 and 5,059,651 to Ueno issued Mar. 11, 1986 and Oct. 22, 1991, consecutively; U.S. Pat. No. 5,378,856 to Allen issued Jan. 3, 1995 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,482,990 to Jow et al. issued Jan. 9, 1996.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,059,651 to Ueno specifically teaches a flame retardant and smoke suppressed polymeric composition comprising a radiation cured copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate containing 50-85% by weight vinyl acetate and a flame retarding and smoke suppressing amount of a filler mixture. These compositions contain uncrosslinked vinyl acetate polymers which gain strength only upon curing. At column 3 lines 37 to 43 it is stated that "a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate containing about 60% by weight of vinyl acetate and having a molecular weight of about 200,000, as admixed with the same weight of a finely divided inorganic filler (aluminum hydroxide), has a tensile strength as low as 0.1 kg/mm2, and is of no practical use." Furthermore, these compositions are very high in viscosity and are intended to be used as sheathing for electrical wire.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,317,051 to Harashige et al. issued May 31, 1994 teaches a flame-retardant olefin polymer composition superior in surface whitening prevention having a blend of a resin component consisting principally of an olefin resin and an olefin polymer modified with an unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivative thereof, a flame retardant and a whitening preventing agent. Harashige teaches that these compositions are useful for electric wires, cables, packages, sealing materials, hoses, films, molded products and master batches.
In addition to the above applications, flame retardant compositions are useful in the air filter industry, and in particular are useful for High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters. In this situation, the compositions act as adhesives to adhere the pleats of the filters together. These adhesives are extruded onto the filters and each filter pleat is adhered to the next. The difficulty in using the polymeric compositions described above is that the viscosities of these compositions are too high for use in hot melt application equipment. In order to lower the viscosity of a hot melt adhesive, it is common to replace part of the polymer with lower molecular weight materials such as resin and wax. However, when commonly used proportions of these materials are used, the smoke generation upon burning is unacceptably high. In addition, lowering the polymer content to decrease viscosity can result in decreased filler acceptability and decreased flexibility of the resultant composition.
HEPA filters utilizing a hot melt adhesive as a filter pleating adhesive are discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,365,980 to Culbert et al. issued Dec. 28, 1982. Culbert discusses utilizing a hot melt adhesive, "Instant Lok," supplied by National Adhesives, Inc. This hot melt is ethylene vinyl acetate based and is generally used for case and carton sealing. It has greater than 25% tackifying resin, has no flame retardant and is therefore not a flame retardant adhesive. See column 3 lines 63 to 68.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel polymeric based flame retardant composition which has a relatively low viscosity, is flexible in a thin bead or film and adheres well to a variety of porous substrates while maintaining a high oxygen index and low smoke generation.
The present invention relates to a flame retardant hot melt composition comprising from about 20% to about 60% by weight of the adhesive of at least one copolymer of ethylene, from about 10% to about 50% by weight of the adhesive of a hydrated inorganic compound, from about 10% to about 30% by weight of at least one high melting point wax and from about 1% to about 10% by weight of at least one tackifying resin.
The present invention further relates to a flame retardant hot melt composition consisting essentially of from about 20% to about 60% by weight of the adhesive of at least one copolymer of ethylene, from about 10% to about 50% by weight of the adhesive of a hydrated inorganic compound and from about 10% to about 30% by weight of at least one high melting point wax.
The resultant composition is characterized as having an oxygen index of greater than about 23 and preferably greater than about 25 and a smoke number preferably less than about 6, more preferably less than about 5 and most preferably less than about 3.
The resultant composition is further characterized as having a viscosity of less than about 30,000 cPs at about 135� C., preferably less than about 25,000 cPs and most preferably less than about 20,000 cPs and Young's Modulus from about 1500 kg/cm2 to about 10,500 kg/cm2 and preferably from about 2500 kg/cm2 to about 6000 kg/cm2.
The compositions are useful where flame retardancy is a requirement, specifically in the air filter industry and in particular for High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters.
The present invention further relates to a High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter comprising a material effective for filtering airborne contaminants and an adhesive applied to the material wherein the adhesive comprises from about 20% to about 60% by weight of the adhesive of at least one copolymer of ethylene, from about 10% to about 50% by weight of the adhesive of a hydrated inorganic flame retarding compound and from about 10% to about 30% by weight of at least one high melting point wax.
The filter may be pleated prior to or after application of the adhesive to the filter media or filter material.
The copolymers of ethylene useful to the present invention include ethylene n-butyl acrylates, ethylene methyl (meth) acrylates, ethylene ethylacrylates and interpolymers of ethylene with at least one C3 to C20 α-olefin. Ethylene n-butyl acrylate copolymers are available from such companies as Elf Atochem North America in Philadelphia, Pa. under the tradename of Lotryl�, from Exxon Chemical Co. in Houston, Tex. under the tradename of Escorene�, from Du Pont de Nemours & Co. in Wilmington, Del. under the tradename of Elvaloy� and from Millennium Petrochemicals in Rolling Meadows, Ill. under the tradename of Enathene�. Ethylene methyl acrylate copolymers are available from Exxon Chemical Co. under the tradename of Optema�. Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers are available from Du Pont under the tradename of Elvax� and from Millennium Petrochemicals under the tradename of Ultrathene� to name only a couple. The term "copolymer" in the present sense is simply meant to refer to copolymerization of ethylene and also encompasses the use of terpolymers.
The interpolymers of ethylene with at least one C3 to C20 α-olefin are homogeneous linear or substantially linear polymers further characterized in that each interpolymer has a polydispersity of less than about 2.5. These polymers are available from Exxon Chemical Co. under the tradename of Exact�, which are ethylene-butene copolymers and under the tradename of Exxpol� which are ethylene-propylene copolymers. Ethylene/1-Octene copolymers are available from Dow Chemical Co. in Midland, Mich. under the tradenames of Affinity�, Insite� and Engage�.
The polymers preferable for use in the present invention preferably have a melt index greater than about 400 g/10 minutes as measured by ASTM D 1238 and more preferably greater than about 800 g/10 min. The testing conditions used are commonly 190� C. with a 2.16 kg weight. Testing conditions are generally specified by the manufacturers of the polymers and are determined by such things as the molecular weight and melting point of the polymer. Commercially available ethylene copolymers generally have melt indices of no greater than about 5000 g/10 minutes. Ethylene copolymers having higher copolymer contents, such as greater than about 25% copolymer by weight, generally have melt indices of less than about 3000 g/10 minutes and more commonly less than about 2500 g/10 min. The copolymer content is preferably from about 25% to about 45% by weight of the polymer and preferably from about 25% to about 35% by weight of the polymer. Increasing the amount of the copolymer to greater than about 45% by weight results in a polymer that is very soft, lacks sufficient tensile strength and may remain tacky at room temperature. It is surmised that the polarity of these compounds help to better disperse and retain the inorganic fillers. Having copolymer contents ranging from about 25% to about 45% by weight helps increase desired flexibility in the final composition. In a preferred embodiment, an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer having a vinyl acetate content of about 28% by weight of the polymer and melt index of about 400 g/10 minutes is utilized. In another preferred embodiment, a blend of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers having a vinyl acetate content of about 28% and having melt indices of 800 and 2500 g/10 min. is used.
The current inventors envision that other polymers could be used in combination with the copolymers of the present invention provided that the desirable characteristics of the final hot melt composition are not altered.
The flame or fire retardant compounds useful to the present invention include hydrated inorganic compounds, or metal hydrates, which function by absorbing heat, evolving water vapor or steam which dilutes combustible gases being generated, producing a nonflammable char barrier between the heat source and the material and also functions as a smoke suppressant. These compounds have the advantage that they do not contain halogens which are noxious and can be quite toxic when released.
Examples of useful flame retardants, also properly referred to as fillers, include alumina trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, hydrated calcium silicates, hydrated calcium carbonates and basic magnesium carbonates.
Sources of alumina trihydrate flame retardants include Akron Chemical Co. in Akron, Ohio, Aluchem Inc. in Ohio, CSA Chemical in New Jersey, Fiberchem Inc. in Washington, GCA Chemical Corp. in Connecticut, Great Lakes Minerals Co., Specialty Products Division in Michigan, Harwick Chemical Corp. in Ohio, R.J. Marshall Co. in Michigan, New England Resins & Pigments Corp. in Massachusetts, Smith Chemical & Color Co. in New York, Summit Chemical Co. in Ohio and Westport Industries Inc. in Missouri. Sources of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) include the Polymer Additives Group, a Division of R.J. Marshall Co. in Southfield, Mich. and J.M. Huber Corp. in Norcross, Ga. While the selection of a flame retardant filler is vast, the alumina trihydrate and the magnesium hydroxide are preferably used in the present invention. Alumina trihydrate, which has a greater degree of hydration, is most preferable to the present invention.
A zinc borate flame retardant filler may optionally be used in the present invention.
The zinc borate is known to act well as a smoke suppressant and is usually used in combination with antimony oxide for flame retardance in PVC, polyolefins, unsaturated polyesters, thermoplastic polyesters, epoxies, nylons, urethane and phenolics. See, for instance, U.S. Pat. No. 4,439,572 to Kindrick issued Mar. 27, 1984; U.S. Pat. No. 4,833,190 to Cella et al. issued May 23, 1989; U.S. Pat. No. 4,921,897 to Danforth et al. issued May 1, 1990 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,298,544 to Goff issued Mar. 29, 1994. U.S. Pat. No. 5,059,651 to Ueno issued Oct. 22, 1991 uses zinc borate in combination with hydroxides or carbonates of di- and tri-valent metals. These optional fillers are useful up to about 40% by weight of the composition, preferably from about 10% to about 20% and most preferably from about 1% to about 10% by weight of the composition. The present inventors have found that while the zinc borate is useful to reducing smoke generation, it is not a necessary component. Alternatives to zinc borate may include barium borate, ammonium fluoroborate, barium metaborate, zinc stearate, ammonium octamolybdate and zinc stannate to mention only a few.
One example of a zinc borate filler useful herein has the formula, 2ZnO.3B2 O3.3.5H2 O, or in other words, 45% ZnO, 34% B2 O3 and 20% water hydration. The H2 O content is between about 3.3 to 3.7 and the hydrated form is desired, although nonhydrated forms are available. The particle size is usually 2-10 microns and the refractive index about 1.58. This composition may be found under the tradename of Firebrake� ZB manufactured by U.S. Borax in Valencia, Calif. and marketed by Harwick in Akron, Ohio.
Any of these hydrated fillers can be surface treated with a saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acid having about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms and preferably about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms or a metal salt thereof. Mixtures of these acids and/or salts can be used, if desired. Examples of suitable carboxylic acids are oleic, stearic, palmitic, isostearic and lauric. Examples of metals which can be used to form the salts of these acids are zinc, aluminum, calcium, magnesium and barium. Examples of the resultant salts include magnesium stearate, zinc oleate, calcium palmitate, magnesium oleate and aluminum stearate. The amount of acid or salt can be in the range of about 0.1 to about 5 parts of acid and/or salt per one hundred parts of metal hydrate and is preferably about 0.25 to about 3 parts per one hundred parts of metal hydrate. The surface treatment is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,255,303. The acid or salt can be merely added to the composition in like amounts rather than using the surface treatment procedure. The surface treatment, while allowing the compounds to more readily mix and disperse with polymers, is not necessary and generally adds more cost to the resultant filler, therefore making it more undesirable where cost is an issue.
The waxes useful herein are those classified as high melting point waxes. These waxes typically having melting points greater than about 80� C. and preferably greater than about 90� C. The waxes generally having melting points no higher than about 120� C. and more typically are less than about 115� C. Useful waxes include synthetic high melting point waxes and high melting point microcrystalline waxes. Synthetic high melting point waxes include high density, low molecular weight polyethylene waxes, by-product polyethylene waxes and Fischer-Tropsch waxes. By-product polyethylene simply refers to the fact that the product is a by-product of a process which is used to obtain another chemical. For instance, waxes may be produced as a by-product of petroleum cracking process. These by-product waxes are also high density, low molecular weight polyethylene. Preferred waxes include Petrolite� C-4040, Polywax� 1000, 2000 and 3000, low molecular weight polyethylene waxes available from Petrolite Corp.; Escomer� H-101, a modified polyethylene wax available from Exxon Chemical Co. in Houston, Tex; Marcus� 100, 200 and 300, low molecular weight polyethylene waxes available from Marcus Chemical Co., a Division of H.R.D. Corp. located in Houston, Tex; and Paraflint� H-1, H-4, and H-8, Fischer-Tropsch waxes available from Sasol-SA/Moore & Munger in Shelton, Conn.
The microcrystalline waxes useful herein are those having about 50% by weight or more cyclo or branched alkanes with a length of between about 30 and 100 carbons. They are generally less crystalline than the high melting point polyethylene waxes, and have melt points of greater than about 80� C. Examples of these waxes include Be Square� 175 Amber Wax, an 80� C. melt point microcrystalline wax, Be Square� 185 Amber Wax, an 85� C. melt point microcrystalline wax, and Be Square� 195 Amber Wax, a 90� C. melt point wax all available from Petrolite Corp. and Petrowax� 9508 Light, a 90� C. melt point wax available from Petrowax Pa., Inc. located in New York, N.Y.
In preferred embodiments, synthetic high melting point waxes are used. Although the microcrystalline waxes are also very useful, the viscosity of the finished product is generally higher with the microcrystalline waxes.
These high melting point waxes are useful from about 5% to about 30% by weight of the composition and preferably from about 10% to about 30% and more preferably from about 15% to about 25% by weight of the composition.
Other waxes may be used in combination with the high melting point waxes. These include paraffin waxes and lower melting point microcrystalline waxes. The paraffin waxes useful herein are those having a Ring and Ball softening point of about 50� C. to about 80� C. Useful examples include Okerin� 236TP available from Astor Wax Corporation located in Doraville, Ga., Penreco� 4913 available from Pennzoil Products Co. in Houston, Tex., R-7152 Paraffin Wax available from Moore & Munger in Shelton, Conn., and Paraffin Wax 1297 available from International Waxes, Ltd in Ontario, Canada. Examples of useful microcrystalline waxes include Victory� Amber Wax, a 70� C. melt point wax available from Petrolite Corp. located in Tulsa, Okla.; Bareco� ES-796 Amber Wax, a 70� C. melt point wax available from Bareco in Chicago, Ill. and Okerin� 177, an 80� C. melt point wax available from Astor Wax Corp. These waxes are useful up to about 20% by weight of the composition and preferably up to about 10% by weight of the composition.
A wax is necessary to the present invention to lower the viscosity without increasing smoke generation. It has been found that utilizing high amounts of tackifying resins to reduce viscosity tends to also increase the smoke generation. The high melting point waxes are preferred to improve heat resistance as measured by peel and shear values.
Chlorinated waxes have been used as flame retardants such as in U.S. Pat. No. 4,948,669 to Rolland issued Aug. 14, 1990. However, these compounds have been found to produce too much smoke when used in the compositions of the present invention. It has also been desirable to users of flame retardants to eliminate the use of halogenated compounds due to the health and safety hazards of using such compounds.
The tackifying resins useful herein include aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon resins and modified hydrocarbons; terpenes and modified terpenes; rosins and modified rosins, including rosin esters, and mixtures thereof. One skilled in the art would know that these resins are all available with different levels of saturation or hydrogenation. This is often measured by the bromine number. For instance, the Eastotac� series of cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon resins from Eastman Chemical Co. in Kingsport, Tenn. are available in the E, R, L and W grades. The E series typically has a bromine number of about 15, while the R, L and W series have bromine numbers of about 5. These resins are also available with different softening points of 100� C., 115� C. and 130� C. Eastotac� H-142R is also available with a bromine number of about 5 and a softening point of about 140� C. Other useful resins include Escorez� 5300 and Escorez� 5400, partially hydrogenated cycloaliphatic petroleum hydrocarbon resins, and Escorez� 5600, a partially hydrogenated aromatic modified petroleum hydrocarbon resin all having softening points of about 100� C. and available from Exxon Chemical Company in Houston, Tex.; Wingtack� Extra which is an aliphatic, aromatic petroleum hydrocarbon resin, Wingtack� 86, an aromatic modified synthetic polyterpene hydrocarbon resin and Wingtack� 95, a synthetic polyterpene all having softening points of less than about 100� C. and available from Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. in Akron, Ohio and Arkon� P-70, P-90 and P- 100, synthetic petroleum hydrocarbon resins having softening points of 70� C., 90� C. and 100� C. consecutively and available from Arakawa Chemical (U.S.A.) Inc. in Chicago, Ill. Further examples include Hercolite� 2100 which is a partially hydrogenated cycloaliphatic petroleum hydrocarbon resin available from Hercules, Inc. in Wilmington, Del. and Zonatac� 105 Lite which is a styrenated terpene hydrocarbon resin, made from d-limonene and available from Arizona Chemical in Panama City, Fla. Useful modified rosins include Sylvatac� 1103 and Zonester� 100 available from Arizona Chemical and Permalyn 305 available from Hercules which are all pentaerythritol rosin esters. All of these resins also have softening points of less than about 100� C. Sylvatac� 1085, an 85� C. softening point glycerol rosin ester of tall oil is another example of a useful rosin based tackifier. It should be noted that there are numerous types of rosins and modified rosins with differing levels of hydrogenation including gum rosins, wood rosins, tall-oil rosins, distilled rosins, dimerized rosins and polymerized rosins. Some specific modified rosins include glycerol and pentaerythritol esters of wood rosins and tall-oil rosins.
Examples of useful pure alphamethyl styrene resins are Kristalex� 3070 (70� C. softening point), 3085 (85� C. softening point) and 3100 (100� C. softening point) available from Hercules in Wilmington, Del.
It has been found that a small amount of tackifying resin helps to lower the viscosity, to improve adhesion characteristics and to improve flexibility as measured by Young's Modulus. The lower the Young's Modulus, the more flexible the adhesive. Too much resin results in unacceptable smoke generation. The tackifying resins are useful from 0% to about 10% by weight of the composition, preferably from about 1% to about 10%, more preferably from about 3% to about 7% and most preferably from about 3% to about 5% by weight of the composition.
The tackifying resins found to be preferable to the present invention are those resins which are low in aromatic content and high in saturation, or in other words, are highly hydrogenated having few double bonds. Preferably, these resins are hydrocarbon resin. Some preferred resins include the Eastotac� series of hydrocarbon resins and Escorez� 5300 and 5400 which are hydrogenated cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon resins. It is surmised that these types of resins produce less smoke generation than other types of tackifying resins. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, 3% by weight of a hydrocarbon tackifying resin is used.
A liquid component or plasticizer may optionally be used in the compositions of the present invention. The most relevant plasticizers are liquid elastomers including polybutenes and polyisobutylenes. These liquid components reduce viscosity and increase flexibility. Examples of useful plasticizers include Parapol� 1300, a liquid polybutene available from Exxon Chemical Co. in Houston, Tex. and Indopol� H-50, H-100 and H-300, liquid butene homopolymers available from Amoco Corp. in Chicago, Ill. It is desirable that these liquid components do not increase the tack of the finished composition. They are useful in amounts up to about 10% by weight of the composition.
A stabilizer or antioxidant is also preferably used in hot melt adhesives. These compounds are added to protect the adhesive from degradation caused by reaction with oxygen induced by such things as heat, light or residual catalyst from the raw materials such as the tackifying resin. Such antioxidants are commercially available from Ciba-Geigy in Hawthorne, N.Y. and include Irganox� 565, 1010 and 1076 which are hindered phenols. These are primary antioxidants which act as radical scavengers and may be used alone or in combination with other antioxidants such as phosphite antioxidants like Irgafos� 168 available from Ciba-Geigy. Phosphite antioxidants are considered to be secondary antioxidants and are generally not used alone. These are primarily used as peroxide decomposers. Other available antioxidants are Cyanox� LTDP available from Cytec Industries in Stamford, Conn., and Ethanox� 1330 available from Albemarle Corp. in Baton Rouge, La. Many such antioxidants are available either to be used alone or in combination with other such antioxidants. These compounds are added to the hot melts in small amounts and have no effect on other physical properties.
Other compounds that could be added that also do not affect physical properties are pigments which add color, fluorescing agents, UV absorbers and odor masks. Of particular importance to the adhesives of the present invention are pigments including titanium dioxide which adds whiteness to a product. This can be important to the aesthetics of a finished article. Additives like these are generally added in small amounts of less than 5% by weight of the composition, more typically even less than about 2% by weight of the composition and are known to those skilled in the art.
These compositions are characterized as having an oxygen index of greater than about 23 and preferably greater than about 25 (atmosphere is 21 and is unacceptable for flame retardance) as measured by Test Method No. 1 for Oxygen Index included in this specification.
They are further characterized as having a smoke number of preferably less than about 6 as measured by Test Method No. 2 included in this specification, more preferably less than about 5 and most preferably less than about 3. It should be noted that this is a qualitative and subjective test which may vary from operator to operator. It is also a relative rating of the examples tested.
They are further characterized as being flexible having a Young's Modulus, as measured by the Tensile and Elongation test found in the Examples Section of the Specification, from about 1500 kg/cm2 to about 10,500 kg/cm2 and preferably from about 2500 kg/cm2 to about 6000 kg/cm2.
The compositions of the present invention are light in color having a yellowness index (also b value or yellow-blue index) of less than 5 and preferably from about 1 to about 3 as measured using a Minolta Chromameter, Model No. CR-331 and an L value or black-white index, another important indicator of whiteness of less than 100, preferably from about 75 to about 100 and most preferably from about 90 to about 100.
The viscosities are preferably less than about 30,000 cPs at about 150� C., preferably less than about 25,000 cPs and more preferably less than about 20,000 cPs at 150� C., although the acceptable viscosity will depend on the temperature of application and the equipment used to apply the composition. The temperature of application of a composition containing alumina trihydrate is typically about 135� C. to about 150� C., but may even be 120� C. or less but is generally never higher than about 150� C. because the aluminum trihydrate can begin to release water of hydration at such temperatures. The temperature of application for magnesium hydroxide may be higher. The application temperature is therefore dependent on temperature at which the flame retardant is activated. The viscosity is limited by the application equipment.
The peel values are greater than about 40� C., preferably greater than about 45� C., more preferably greater than about 50� C. and most preferably greater than about 55� C. Peel values are an indication of the heat resistance that a hot melt adhesive may have, or in other words, may be a measure of the temperature at which an adhesive bond may fail. This is important for shipping and storage when the products may be exposed to higher ambient temperatures. It is important to note that this is not an absolute number, but rather gives an indication, relative to other hot melt adhesives, as to which hot melts have better heat resistance than others.
These compositions are useful in applications where flame retarding characteristics are desired and may be used in the filter industry, for pipe wrapping, as flexible heat duct sealants and for potting and encapsulation of electrical components. Of course, the physical requirements for the compositions will be different depending on the application in which they are used.
These compositions are particularly useful as adhesives for air filters generally and specifically they are very useful for High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters. These filters remove airborne contaminants and are used in highly technical manufacturing such as in the medical, chemical, food processing, space, nuclear, semiconductor and computer industries.
HEPA filters are generally pleated to increase filter surface area. This may be accomplished by folding a continuous strip of material back and forth resulting in an accordion-like shape. It is necessary to keep the pleats of the filter separated or spaced apart in a permanent and secure manner for however long the filter may be used which may be accomplished with various types of spacers including adhesives.
The adhesive is generally applied to the material of the filter material or filter media when the filter material is still in a continuous strip and has not yet been folded or pleated, or in other words, prior to folding or pleating the filter material into the accordion-like shape. However, the adhesive may also be applied after pleating. The filter material may also be referred to as the filter media, and for filters requiring flame retardancy, is generally made of a fiber glass composite material.
The adhesive may be applied in a continuous bead or it may be in a discontinuous (intermittent or interrupted) or stitch pattern. In the former case, the filter is pleated after the adhesive is applied but while the adhesive has not yet set and is still warm and ductile. In the latter case, the adhesive is laid down in a pattern such that the adhesive is between the pleats and invisible when looking at the outside of the filter. These filters have a honeycomb type appearance when they are in the final form.
These filters come with differing numbers of pleats and the pleats may have different depths from filter to filter depending on air flow requirements and the performance required of a particular filter. The process of using the adhesive to bond the pleats, therefore supporting and separating them, is also referred to as pleat separation or filter pleating. Different types of HEPA filters are discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,365,980 to Culbert et al. issued Dec. 28, 1982, U.S. Pat. No. 4,885,015 to Goulet et al. issued Dec. 5, 1989 and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,098,767 to Linnerston issued Mar. 24, 1992.
The filters are required to pass an Underwriters' Laboratory test, UL 900 TEST PERFORMANCE OF AIR FILTER UNITS. There are two classes of air filters: Class 1 and Class 2. A Class 1 air filter unit shall not produce flame or sparks when subjected to the flame-exposure and spot-flame tests, and during the flame-exposure test shall not cause the development of an area of more than 16.1 cm2 as measured below the smoke density time curve.
Class 2 air filter units shall not produce flame or extensive (25 or more) sparks which are sustained beyond the discharge end of the test duct when subjected to the flame-exposure test and shall not cause the development of an area of more than 58 cm2 as measured below the smoke-density time curve.
An adhesive material used for coating the filtering medium or other part of an air filter unit shall have a flash point of not less than 163� C. as determined by the Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup, ASTM D92-78.
These test methods are available from UL (UL 900).
It is desired that the compositions of the present invention pass Class 2 air filter unit testing. It is also possible to use the compositions on Class 1 air filters if the amount of adhesive used is decreased.
The following non-limiting examples further illustrate the invention.
The adhesives were prepared using a high shear sigma blade mixer such as those manufactured by J.H. Day in Cincinnati, Ohio. The temperature of these mixers is maintained between about 135� C. and about 150� C. The ethylene copolymers are first added to the mixer followed by the flame retardant fillers. The resultant blend is mixed until smooth and homogeneous. The resin, wax and any liquid component are then slowly added to the mixture to prevent phase separation. Any antioxidant used may be added at any point during preparation including at the beginning, or split and added at different stages during mixing. The pigment may be added at the end or also at any other point if one so chooses. This process may be altered depending on the choice and amounts of the ingredients used of which one of skill in the art would understand.
1 . Oxygen Index
This test conforms with ASTM D 2863-74 Test for Flammability of Plastics Using the Oxygen Index Method (type D materials). The procedure is used to determine the relative flammability of cast films of coatings, adhesives and sealants using the G.E. Oxygen Index apparatus for measuring the minimum concentration of oxygen in a flowing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen that will just support flaming combustion.
2. Smoke Generation (Smoke Number)
The Smoke Number is obtained using the same Oxygen Index apparatus as in Test Method 1 above. A 30-40 mil film was burned in a 30% oxygen environment for 1.5 minutes. The smoke generated is then visually observed and was rated on a basis relative to other samples tested. The samples were then ranked on a scale of 0-10 with 0 being no smoke generation and 10 being dense smoke. This is a qualitative and subjective test and it should be understood that this may vary slightly from user to user. The present inventors have rated the examples on a relative scale.
3. Melt Viscosity
The melt viscosities of the hot melt adhesives were determined on a Brookfield Thermosel Viscometer Model RVDVII+using a number 29BS (solid shaft) spindle. The speed is generally about 50 rpms but the speed, as well as the spindle size, may be varied depending on the viscosity.
4. Color
A Minolta Chromameter CR-331 (Colorimeter) was used to measure color. A sample of adhesive was heated in an oven until just molten and is then poured onto release paper making sure that the sample, once cool and set, has no air bubbles. Three values are measured by the instrument: L is the value obtained for lightness, a is the red-green index and b is the yellow-blue index. The L value ranges from 0 (black) to 100 (white), a ranges from +red to -green and b ranges from +yellow to -blue. In this case, the L value and the b value are of importance in determining the whiteness of the sample. For the b value, the more negative the whiter the product or the more positive the yellower the product.
5. Tensile and Elongation, Young's Modulus
Young's Modulus was determined using ASTM D-638. The die used is an ASTM D-638 Type IV die. A one inch gauge with a video extensometer is used to monitor elongation. The strain rate used is 5.08 cm/minute. Young's Modulus is a method of ranking the relative flexibility of adhesive films. The film thickness used is 20-30 mils. The resistance to tensile deformation is measured at small strains. All samples were tested at about 23� C. (room temperature).
6. Programmed Oven Peels
Peel and/or shear values were determined by placing samples in a programmed oven with 100 g weights for the peel mode and 500 g weights for the shear mode, and ramping the temperature up from about 25� C. to 125� C. at 25� C./hour. The oven automatically recorded the temperature at which the samples failed. Each sample was coated onto kraft paper by hand using glass rods or shims. A top sheet of kraft paper is rolled down onto the bottom sheet of kraft paper onto which the hot melt is poured. The rods are then used to roll the adhesive down as well as for mating the top sheet of kraft to the bottom sheet. Release paper is used on either side of a 2.54 cm strip on the bottom sheet of kraft paper. The resultant coating is then a one inch wide band that is about 8-10 mils or about 0.02 cm to about 0.03 cm thick. Four to five bonds were made for the peel mode and four to five bonds were made for the shear mode and the results were averaged.
TABLE I__________________________________________________________________________Examples 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A__________________________________________________________________________EVA (28-400) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25.5EVA (28-800) 33.5 33.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 30 20 20 33.5 --EVA (28-2500) -- -- 15 15 15 30 -- 15 -- --Parapol � 1300 polybutene -- -- -- -- 3 -- -- -- -- --Escorez � 2596 hydrocarbon -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 26.5resinEscorez � 5400 hydrocarbon -- 7 3 3 -- -- 10 -- -- --resinParaflint � H-4 20 13 15 15 15 10 25 15 -- 9synthetic HMP waxMicrocrystalline Wax 195� F. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 20 20.0Alumina Trihydrate -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 37.58 micronsAlumina Trihydrate -- -- -- -- 35 -- -- -- -- --6 micronsAlumina Trihydrate 25 25 25 35 -- 28.5 43.5 10 25 --5 micronsAlumina Trihydrate -- -- 10 10 -- -- -- -- -- --4 micronsFirebrake ZB zinc borate 20 20 10 -- 10 -- -- 38.5 20 --Titanium Dioxide white pigment 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Viscosity @ 135� C. 11920 16520 12320 12100 10900 18240 2220 13340 19600 9540Viscosity @ 149� C. 8300 11380 8280 8500 7480 12420 1550 9320 13480 --Oxygen Index 25.5 24.5 25.5 26.5 25.0 23.5 27.0 24.5 25.5 25.5Smoke Number 2 6 2 3 3 5 6 2 2 8Young's Modulus 8230 3060 5520 4695 4065 1960 10210 5685 3910 3460Color (L value) 93.81 94.70 93.61 93.63 93.92 95.39 94.26 95.70 95.14 92.98Color (B value) 1.60 1.85 3.00 3.10 2.45 2.60 3.10 1.15 3.45 4.75__________________________________________________________________________
Example 1 illustrates a composition which is mid-range for all ingredients and having no tackifying resin.
Example 2 illustrates a composition which has a relatively higher tackifying resin content than the other examples tested. The smoke generation is increased and is higher than what is preferable to the present invention but is still acceptable.
Example 3 illustrates a medium range composition for ingredients but has less tackifying resin than Example 2 and also has less smoke generation.
Example 4 has the same ingredients as Example 3 but has only a hydrated inorganic flame retardant. A higher oxygen index and a slightly higher smoke number were obtained.
Example 5 illustrates a composition using a maximum amount of flame retardant and no tackifying resin. The flame retardant characteristics are not improved in this instance. The Parapol� 1300 liquid polybutene is used to improve flexibility in this case.
Example 6 illustrates the maximum amount of ethylene vinyl acetate which may be employed while still retaining an acceptable viscosity profile for the finished product, and also represents a sample having a minimum amount of hydrated inorganic flame retardant. The oxygen index is at the lower end of what is acceptable and the viscosity is on the higher end, although this product is still within an acceptable range to the present invention.
Example 7 illustrates the maximum amount of resin desirable and the smoke number is greater than what would be preferred in the present invention.
Example 8 illustrates the maximum amount of the zinc borate flame retardant which is desirable. The oxygen index is slightly below that which is preferred in the present invention, although it is acceptable.
Comparative Example A illustrates a composition having a resin content which is too high resulting in a high smoke number, 8, indicating that the smoke generation is unacceptable for the present invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 31, 1978
|Sep 25, 1979
|Johns-Manville Corporation
|Flame resistant low-smoke hot melt adhesive
|Aug 20, 1981
|Dec 28, 1982
|Farr Company
|Air filter assembly
|Nov 22, 1982
|Mar 27, 1984
|The Sherwin-Williams Company
|Zinc oxide-zinc salt smoke suppressant/flame retardants
|Dec 22, 1983
|Mar 11, 1986
|Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
|Flame retardant optical composite cable
|Jun 19, 1987
|Mar 28, 1989
|National Starch And Chemical Corporation
|Hot melt adhesives based on ethylene-n-butyl acrylate
|Nov 27, 1987
|May 23, 1989
|General Electric Company
|Zinc borate as a smoke suppressant
|Jun 2, 1986
|Jul 18, 1989
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Ethylene copolymers with enhanced fire resistant properties
|Oct 3, 1988
|Dec 5, 1989
|Cambridge Filter Corporation
|HEPA air filter for high temperature environments and method of fabrication
|Mar 31, 1989
|May 1, 1990
|Shell Oil Company
|Flame retardant composition containing zinc borate
|Jan 25, 1989
|Aug 14, 1990
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Flame retardant ethylene polymer blends
|Jul 25, 1990
|Oct 22, 1991
|Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
|Flame retardant and smoke suppressed polymeric composition and electric wire having sheath made from such composition
|Mar 18, 1991
|Mar 24, 1992
|Pall Corporation
|Filter device with micropleats and macropleats
|Mar 26, 1991
|Apr 7, 1992
|Ciba-Geigy Corporation
|Flame retardants for polymers
|Aug 5, 1993
|Mar 29, 1994
|General Electric Company
|Non-halogen flame retardant thermoplastic composition
|Oct 6, 1992
|May 3, 1994
|National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation
|Low smoke power cable sealant
|Aug 22, 1989
|May 31, 1994
|Nippon Petrochemicals Co., Ltd.
|Surface whitening preventing flame-retardant olefin polymer composition
|Dec 11, 1992
|Jan 3, 1995
|Belden Wire & Cable Company
|Transmission cable having a nonhalogenated jacket formulation
|Jan 17, 1995
|Jan 9, 1996
|Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation
|Flame retardant compositions
|Mar 15, 1995
|Jun 11, 1996
|Belden Wire & Cable Co.
|Flame retardant polyolefin wire insulations
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 30, 1998
|May 29, 2001
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|Flame retardant hot melt compositions
|Feb 16, 1999
|Sep 18, 2001
|Eastman Chemical Company
|Polymeric based carpet
|May 14, 1999
|Nov 13, 2001
|Sony Chemicals Corporation
|Adhesives and circuit materials using said adhesives
|May 29, 2001
|Apr 29, 2003
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing Inc.
|Flame retardant filters
|Jul 12, 2001
|Mar 9, 2004
|Graph To Graphics, Inc.
|Multiple layer cloth for casino, gaming and billiard tables and method therefor
|Jun 1, 2001
|Apr 20, 2004
|Graph To Graphics, Inc.
|Multiple layer cloth for casino, gaming and billiard tables and method therefor
|Sep 13, 2002
|Sep 13, 2005
|H.B. Fuller Licensing & Financing Inc.
|Smoke suppressant hot melt adhesive composition
|Mar 17, 2005
|Apr 17, 2007
|H.B. Fuller Licensing & Finance Inc.
|Smoke suppressant hot melt adhesive composition
|Jun 3, 2004
|Jun 26, 2007
|Beaulieu Group, Llc
|Recyclable carpet comprising hot melt adhesive composition
|Jul 19, 2001
|Apr 1, 2008
|Westlake Longview Corporation
|Polymeric based carpet
|Jul 19, 2001
|Dec 13, 2001
|Jerdee Gary D.
|Polymeric based carpet
|Jun 12, 2002
|Dec 19, 2002
|Daily Jeffrey Daniel
|Hot melt adhesive composition
|Aug 1, 2002
|Feb 5, 2004
|Good David J.
|Hot melt adhesive
|Sep 13, 2002
|Mar 18, 2004
|Baldorf Vernon H.
|Smoke suppressant hot melt adhesive composition
|Jun 3, 2004
|Mar 24, 2005
|Daily Jeffrey Daniel
|Recyclable carpet comprising hot melt adhesive composition
|Mar 17, 2005
|Jul 28, 2005
|Chanak Michael J.
|Smoke suppressant hot melt adhesive composition
|Feb 16, 2006
|Aug 16, 2007
|Weber Robert F
|Fire retardant silicone textile coating
|Aug 19, 2011
|Feb 23, 2012
|H.B. Fuller Company
|Filter including a hot melt adhesive coated continuous substrate
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 7, 1998
Owner name: H. B. FULLER LICENSING & FINANCING, INC., MINNESOT
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HALLORAN, KRISTINE D.;CHASE, CHERYL Y.;REEL/FRAME:008926/0963
Effective date: 19980107
|Apr 4, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 5, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Nov 30, 2009
Owner name: H.B. FULLER COMPANY, MINNESOTA
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:H.B. FULLER LICENSING & FINANCING, INC.;REEL/FRAME:023574/0530
Effective date: 20091106
Owner name: H.B. FULLER COMPANY,MINNESOTA
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:H.B. FULLER LICENSING & FINANCING, INC.;REEL/FRAME:023574/0530
Effective date: 20091106
|May 9, 2011
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Oct 5, 2011
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Nov 22, 2011
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20111005


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Vendor: Answers in Genesis
Publication Date: 2009
Dimensions: 11 X 8.5 X .4 (inches)
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posted on 2012-09-10 23:34 EDT
22-year-old Japanese actor Hijiri Shinotani was arrested on Monday by the Tokyo Metropolitan Police under suspicion of rape and battery of a woman in her late teens. According to the police, he approached the woman on her way home from work on August 9, brought her to a nearby building, then committed the crimes. The woman suffered minor physical injuries that took a week to fully heal. During the course of his acting career, Shinotani has performed as Kai Yuujirou in the Prince of Tennis musical stage play, and has also appeared on television as part of the group Naked Boyz.
The police state that Shinotani admitted to the crimes, stating that he was drunk at the time and unable to exercise his better judgement. Shinotani became implicated in the case when he gave the woman his cell phone number and part of his name before leaving the scene of the crime, saying that he wanted to date the woman.
[Via Hachima Kikō]


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The itineraries below are designed to whet your appetite, to inspire and excite. Each itinerary is then customized by our experts just for you. Your pace; your style. We add in your own private guide & vehicle and wrap it all in 24/7 in-country support.
Playa Esterillos is located half way between Jaco & Quepos/Manuel Antonio, 2 hours drive from SJO airport. A small quiet beach, nestled in tall palm trees, it is a secluded hideaway. The beach is known as a serene haven for surfers.
Our trip was fantastic!!! I cannot say enough good things. You worked wih our dates & time frame beautifully. Our drivers were prompt & friendly. The private guides were so knowledgeable.
– Ann Saxon


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|Advertise On UGHH
Tommy Guerrero: Return Of The BastardCD
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Producer: Tommy Guerrero
SummaryTommys music, like his graphic design, is beguilingly simple. He sounds like a guy screwing around on his front stoop--and maybe thats exactly accurate--but the results touch you down to your toes. His melodies dance lightly around your head while the rhythms build under your feet. His is Soul music, made by a street kid raised on Santana and Bill Withers, with more than a little nod to The Clash and Public Enemy in there, too.
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Just wondering How old are you ladies?
We had our first DS when I was 27 , and this LO is due 2 weeks after I will be 29...
Don't even listen to those people who says that your old...Have my older sister, she is 33, single ( as far I know, living in Spain), and she have no kids , and she is not concerned about it...
Married to a wonderful man found on the internet!
Sweet Jonathan have just turn 2! 06/17/2011
Princess Rebecca Eliana is here! 05/02/2013
Married to my amazing husband since '04
DD born '07
Expecting our rainbow baby 4/13
Married May 2012 ~~ Expecting our first bundle of joy April 2013!
Isaiah Edward: Born February 2015.
Autumn Jade: Born April 2013.
Poppyseed 8 weeks, due Oct 2012. Lost but not forgotten.
pretty crazy to me that somebody told you that you were old to have a baby?? Tell them to mind their own...that's insane. I'm 29, will turn 30 a month after baby's born. I feel as though nowadays, a lot of woman are career woman and are waiting until they're older anyways to have children. When I was younger, I wanted to have all of my children done by the time I reached my 30's...but I'm glad I waited. I feel like I'm more secure of a person now that I'm somewhat older and definitely more financially stable. Once your children are grown and able to watch/care for themselves, you'll still be young enough to enjoy time with just you and your husband/SO.
btw - my mother and father had my 9 yr old sister whe she was 41. She had just as much energy as she had with my two brothers and I.
Leah : 1st time mommy
*wife to the most amazing man <3 9.18.10
expecting our femara baby boy 4.9.13 !!!
loving my family joshua 8/16/2006 and faith 05 /30/2009
expecting baby number 3 its a girl!!! april 24 2013 :D
Tristan Leo - 1/28/11
Sadie Scarlett - 5/2/13
Learn more
Look how far your child has come.
Review your child's growth milestones.
Read about 3 years : Week 2.
Your growing child
Your 3-year-old: Little chatterbox
Your 3-year-old: Friendships
Your 3-year-old: Counting
Your 3-year-old: Playing ball
Your 3-year-old: Pearly whites
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What's next for your growing child?
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The Rachel Maddow Show
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Watch the full episode of Thursday night's The Rachel Maddow Show.
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Thursday's Mini-Report, 4.21.16
Prince Street pic.twitter.com/xlGtrwwgua— Signe Pierce (@sigggnasty) April 21, 2016
British officials warn travelers about anti-LGBT laws in the US
The British Foreign Office has released an advisory warning travelers to be aware of controversial new laws in North Carolina and Mississippi before visiting the United States.The travel advisory update -- directed to members of the country's lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community -- was posted on the Foreign Office's website Tuesday.
Tom Cotton needlessly blocks key counter-terrorism nominee
A Republican senator on Wednesday blocked an effort to confirm President Barack Obama's nominee for a key Treasury post responsible for leading the battle against terrorism and financial crimes.The president nominated Adam Szubin a year ago, but his nomination has languished, caught up in Senate politics. Szubin, who has served under both Obama and predecessor George W. Bush, has worked in the anti-terror job in an acting capacity.Democrats tried to secure a vote on Wednesday, but Sen. Tom Cotton, R-Ark., objected, citing the possibility that the Obama administration would ease financial restrictions that prohibit U.S. dollars from being used in transactions with Iran.
Thursday's Campaign Round-Up, 4.21.16
ACA critics shouldn't cheer the UnitedHealth news too much
For one, while UnitedHealth is indeed the nation's largest insurer, it is a relatively small player on the individual exchanges.... Furthermore, UnitedHealth decided to sit out the first year the marketplaces were in operation, meaning it has had one fewer year than its competitors to game out pricing according to its risk pools. [...]In general, UnitedHealth was offering plans in many states more expensive than other companies, the Kaiser report noted, and what has become clear in the first few years of ACA implementation is that consumers are willing to shop around for the cheapest deal.UnitedHealth pricing issues could be partly attributed to the fact that the insurer is more geared to broad-network plans, and the cheaper, narrow-network offerings have been more successful on the individual marketplaces.
Paul Ryan's halo starts to lose its luster
Almost six months into the job, Ryan and his top lieutenants face questions about whether the Wisconsin Republican's tenure atop the House is any more effective than that of his predecessor, former Speaker John Boehner (R-Ohio). Ryan has flattered the House Freedom Caucus and pursued promises to empower rank-and-file Republicans with reforms to how the House operates -- yet it's yielded little in the way of actual results.Democrats are openly mocking their GOP counterparts, and Republicans grumble -- in private so far -- that nothing is getting done under Ryan. Like Boehner, Ryan is finding out that becoming speaker is easier than being speaker, at least in the still badly divided House GOP Conference.
Trump's most popular position isn't close to being true
GUTHRIE: Do you believe in raising taxes on the wealthy?TRUMP: I do. I do -- including myself. I do.
Republican blockade failing to persuade American mainstream
"Recently, a Supreme Court Justice passed away leaving a vacancy on the court. President Obama has nominated a new person to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court. Would you prefer the U.S. Senate vote this year on the replacement nominated by President Obama or leave the position vacant and wait to vote next year on the replacement nominated by the new president or do you not have an opinion one way or the other?"
Team Sanders' delegate strategy under the microscope
MADDOW: Is there a point of friction between the case that Senator Sanders has made for people power, basically, for this not being decided by the establishment, for the Democratic party insiders not doing this and it being the will of the voters and shouldn't be something that gets decided in back rooms, it gets decided in public. Is there a point of friction between that strategy that you're describing state by state, also the superdelegate strategy that you guys have talked about for the convention, and the way he's talked about how he wants to win?DEVINE: I don't think there is. I mean, these are the rules. Unlike the Republicans --Trump in particular -- you know we're not going around saying you know everything's rigged and running against the rules. The rules are as they are. We may not like the way the rules are set up in some places but we've agreed to play by them. So, you know we'll work hard under the rules of caucus states, we'll work hard in other places. The superdelegates are there. We're gonna work hard to earn their support. I think we'll be able to do that if we succeed. Listen, the key test is succeeding with voters. In 2008 I wrote a piece that they published in the New York Times right after Super Tuesday. And I argued that superdelegates should wait, should look, and listen to what the voters do and follow the will of the voters. And I can tell you I got a lot of pushback from the Clinton campaign at the time, you know, when I published that piece. But I believe that today, that our superdelegates, that our party leaders should let the voters speak first. And I think if they do that all the way through the end of voting that will strengthen our party, and certainly strengthen our hand if we succeed with voters between now and June.
GOP's anti-Planned Parenthood panel descends into 'farce'
The Tennessee Republican didn't make any pretense this week of being impartial with the committee she chairs, the House Select Investigative Panel on Infant Lives, commonly known as the Planned Parenthood committee.On the eve of her panel's Wednesday's hearing, Blackburn went over to Georgetown University to participate in a protest against Planned Parenthood, the very entity she is supposed to be investigating.... Then Blackburn showed up at her committee hearing the next morning and proclaimed, "My hope is that both parties can work together."
I'm in NYC tonight, but I can hear all of my beloved 413 area code from here, raising the roof over this: https://t.co/BLOREcI7Kd— Rachel Maddow MSNBC (@maddow) April 21, 2016
Gov Charlie Baker reaction: "I'm not paying too much attention to the Kinder Morgan project" https://t.co/BLOREcI7Kd Gee thanks, Gov.— Rachel Maddow MSNBC (@maddow) April 21, 2016
Citations for the April 20, 2016 TRMS
Tonight's guests:
- Tad Devine, senior adviser to the Bernie Sanders campaign
- Curt Guyette, investigative reporter with the ACLU of Michigan
Tonight's links:
About The Rachel Maddow Show
Launched in 2008, "The Rachel Maddow Show" follows the machinations of policy making in America, from local political activism to international diplomacy. Rachel Maddow looks past the distractions of political theater and stunts and focuses on the legislative proposals and policies that shape American life - as well as the people making and influencing those policies and their ultimate outcome, intended or otherwise.


text:
Ok. I just woke up after being up past, what, 2:30 AM? God only knows how the players are going to turn it around.
If you didn't stay up late, and don't know what happened because the ending was too late for your morning paper (and you haven't checked out the highlights online so far, here goes:
A brief recap on a game that was anything but brief. I won't touch on all the highlights. Had the game continued further, the Yanks would have sacrificed the DH. Garrett Jones would have gone to the mound.
Down to their last out in the 9th, Chase Headley homered to tie the game. Down a run in the 16th, Mark Teixiera, who, since it was past midnight, was now a 35th birthday boy, homered for the second consecutive game (365th career HR) to tie it up again (Yankees nemesis David Ortiz had homered in the top of the 16th. I am STILL waiting for some Yankees pitcher—I have been waiting for YEARS—to show some balls and put one in his butt. Back him off the plate. Get some courage, as the cowardly lion in the Wizard of Oz would say. When have you ever seen them do that to Ortiz? They have done it to us, haven't they?) Down in the 18th, a Carlos Belran double tied up the game again.
Nice resiliency.
However a passed ball by backup C John Ryan Murphy in the top of the 19th set Boston up for a GW SF and the Yanks lost to the Red Sox, 6-5, in 19 innings.
The game was delayed for about 15 minutes due to a lighting incident.
There have been no moves made as of this writing, but after having used eight pitchers, I wouldn't be surprised if someone was sent down to get a fresh arm (or two) up—even if we are just four games into the season.
The loss drops the Yanks to 1-3. It was the first Yankees game on WPIX, Channel 11 in NY in 17 years. It was nice watching the game on Channel 11, where I more or less grew up. WPIX was the Yanks' "home" for many, many, years.
The pitching line:
Eovaldi 5 1/3 IP, 3 R, 8 H, 1 walk and 1 K. Funny only 1 K since he did hit 101.
Martin 2/3 IP, 0 R, 0 H, 1 walk and 1 K.
Wilson 1 2/3, 0 R, 0 H, 0 walks and 1 K.
Betances 1 1/3, 0 R, 0 H, 2 walks and 2 K.
Miller 1 IP, 0 R, 0 H, 2 walks and 2 K.
Carpenter 1 IP, 0 R, 1 H, 1 walk and 0 K.
Shreve 3 1/3 IP, 0 R, 3 H, 0 walks and 4 K.
Rogers (L) 4 2/3, 3 R, 2 ER, 6 H, 1 walk and 4 K.
Rogers gave 4 2/3, the day after going 2 1/3 vs. Toronto. Like I wrote above, had the game gone into the 20th, 1B/OF/DH Garrett Jones would have taken the mound.
A nice job by the Yankees' bullpen went for naught. Between Eovaldi and Rogers, there were some scary moments, but those six pitchers had a line of:
9 IP, 0 R, 4 H, 6 walks, 10 K.
Too bad the offense couldn't take advantage.
Before the game, Yankees' radio announcer John Sterling got replicas of Emmy Awards he lost when all his possessions went up in a huge condo fire this fall. Nice gesture and I hope he is somehow recovering from that tragic event.


text:
Guilty Crown - Inori by Xeno-PhotographyWatch
©2013-2016 Xeno-Photography
What a good costume of Inori.
Love your highlight editing!
Thats....what should i say...its kawaii ^^
Inorii!!! <3
wonderful <3
This is amazing!!!!!! You both do a great job!!!!! Keep up the good work!!!!
waaa so cute!! :3
such a cute inori!
What kinda equipment do you use? if I may ask.
she's cute
Adorable. I luv it.
nice pict ^^
Doesn`t get much cuter than this.
Is that Inori come to life!?
Is that Inori come to life!?
it really looks like her too
Wow. What an amazing picture.~
OMG Inori!!!!! I love this!! Just perfect. XD
Wow... beautiful.
Amazing cosplay!
very nice
aww~ so sweet!
i love it


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Lot # : 357 - 150th Anniversary Gold Rush Balance Scale
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150th Anniversary Gold Rush Balance Scale
9"tall x 9"x5-1/2" ______In: upstairs 2nd room in curio cabinet ___Don't forget to preview on location at 190 E 500 S Jerome, Idaho on Saturday, July 14th from 10:00am to 3:00pm and Thursday, July 19th from 10:00am to 3:00pm. Items must be picked up and paid for on Friday, July 20th on location in Jerome.
9"tall x 9"x5-1/2" ______In: upstairs 2nd room in curio cabinet ___Don't forget to preview on location at 190 E 500 S Jerome, Idaho on Saturday, July 14th from 10:00am to 3:00pm and Thursday, July 19th from 10:00am to 3:00pm. Items must be picked up and paid for on Friday, July 20th on location in Jerome.
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***Click "BID NOW" to enter auction. *** Bidding opens: Monday July 2nd Ends: Thursday July 19th First lot goes off beginning at 6:00pm MT til 10:00 pm MT On-Location Auction by Idaho Auction Barn Twin Falls, ID 83301 (208) 731-4567 Call in bids accepted at 731-4567. If you don't know how to set up an account on-line, we can set up an account and place your bids for you. Out of state buyers must pay extra shipping & handling charges.
Please, read & understand ALL of our terms & conditions before bidding. Thank You. 1. A 13% BUYERS PREMIUM will apply to each item unless declared otherwise. 10% Buyers Premium for Cash / Check. Sales tax of 6% will be applied on total amount. 2. All items are offered for sale as is, where is and no special warranty or guarantee is made or implied as to condition, authenticity or era of any described item. All items are offered for sale to the highest bidder and the bidders must establish to their own satisfaction the authenticity and condition before bidding. All sales are final, no refunds, no exceptions, NO CHARGE BACKS 3. Auction sales are strictly for cash, cashier's check or personal check with prior approval , Visa, Master Card, or Debit Card. All sales are final at the close of the internet bidding. 4. BIDDING ONLINE ONLY. We accept only bidding online. If you do not have access to a computer but wish to bid the auction barn will create an account for you and bid on your behalf . 5. All items purchased by the successful bidder must be paid for on THURSDAY after the day of sale. Items purchased must be removed on the day of purchase unless other arrangements have been made. 6. The highest bidder online will prevail. The Auctioneer reserves the right to refuse any bid not believed to be in good faith. Should any disputes arise between bidders the decision of the Auctioneer in the exercise of judgement as to the successful bidder will be final. 7. All items offered for sale in this auction will be offered for sale by auction only and there are no presales. 8. The Auctioneer or Auction House assumes no responsibility for errors in the catalog, advertising or on the part of the bidder. 9. Idaho Sales Tax is payable by all buyers liable to tax. All Dealers must provide a valid resale number upon registration and fill out Idaho Resale Card prior to bidding for Tax Exempt Status. 10. Consignors are not allowed to bid on their own merchandise or have any agent bid on their behalf. If the Auctioneer recognizes such bidding or is advised of the same he may withdraw any or all lots consigned by the offender and will publicly recognize that consignor. 11. THE ACCEPTANCE OF HIGH BID BY THE AUCTIONEER CONSTITUTES A LEGAL AND BINDING CONTRACT WITH THE BUYER AND ACCEPTANCE OF THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE UNDER IDAHO STATE LAW.
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Editing and Maintaining Parcels Using ArcGIS
- Format: Instructor-Led
- Duration: 2 days (16 hours)
- Price: $1,130 USD
- ArcGIS Version: 10.1, 10.2, 10.3
- Authored by Esri
Learn techniques and best practices to efficiently store, edit, and ensure the accuracy of land-records data. Using the ArcGIS parcel fabric and Local Government Information Model, you will apply recommended workflows to perform and automate many common parcel-editing tasks.
Note: Course concepts apply to ArcGIS 10.1 Service Pack 1, ArcGIS 10.2, and ArcGIS 10.3. Esri will provide ArcGIS 10.3 software for use during class. The course data DVD includes ArcGIS 10.2 files needed to complete exercises after class.
GIS technicians, parcel editors, tax mapping professionals, and others who maintain or manage land-records data
- Familiarity with land records terminology and practices is required.
- Completion of ArcGIS 2: Essential Workflows or equivalent knowledge is required.
- Completion of Building Geodatabases or equivalent knowledge is recommended.
New Catalog Search
Upcoming Classes
- Jun 14 - Jun 15, 2016
- Jul 06 - Jul 07, 2016
- Jul 25 - Jul 26, 2016
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- Sep 27 - Sep 28, 2016
Speak with a Specialist
We can answer questions and help you schedule a class that meets your needs. Call 800-447-9778, ext. 5757 or email us.
I thought the course was well put together and gave me a great amount of knowledge that I will be using in my everyday work.
Kelly Felton, Wisconsin


text: On Radiohead's gorgeous new album, A Moon Shaped Pool, as band performs at The Roundhouse in London Smutty Tingles for May 30, 2016 James McAvoy, Michael Fassbender, and Jennifer Lawrence in X-Men: Apocalypse movie review George and Amal Clooney meet Pope Francis in Rome Best of 2011: Helen Mirren animal & leather December 13, 2011 23:58:49 Posted at December 13, 2011 23:58:49 Posted by Lainey facebook twitter google+ email Tags: Aging Gorgessity Best and Worst of 2011 Helen Mirren Style Porn Photos:WENN and Dave Hogan /Chris Jackson /Getty Biker jacket over an animal print maxi dress...And no one else came close that night. Not even close. Related on LaineyGossip Helen Mirren presents with Gerard Butler at the 2016 Golden Globes Amber Heard will be at the Golden Globes as a presenter Jennifer Lawrence covers The Hollywood Reporter's actress roundtable issue with Cate Blanchett, Brie Larson, Jane Fonda, Carey Mulligan, Charlotte Rampling, Helen Mirren, and Kate Winslet Woman in Gold movie review Previous Article Next Article Sponsored Links


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Torme Gets Hip to 'Zaz Turned Blue'
An Oddball, and a Classic
Torme sings the David Was composition, plus the "chestnuts roasting on an open fire" tune beloved for generations:
Mel Torme — aka the Velvet Fog — was an impressive singer, arranger, actor and author known for his impeccably smooth voice. He was also the composer of the holiday standard known simply as "The Christmas Song" — the one that starts with the line: "Chestnuts roasting on an open fire..."
In the early 1980s, writer, musician and avid golfer David Was, co-founder of the oddball pop music group Was (Not Was), was working as a jazz critic and gave Torme a glowing review for a performance at the Hollywood Bowl. In gratitude, Torme called up Was to offer his services.
Was took him up on the offer in an unusual way: He convinced Torme to sing a song on an upcoming Was (Not Was) album. That song, "Zaz Turned Blue," was not destined to belong in the canon of great American tunes — it was a quirky little number about a high school pal who fainted when another kid put the so-called "sleeper" wrestling hold on him.
It took some cajoling, but Torme agreed to cut the single. "Two weeks later, Mel and his pianist, Mike Renzi, would record a version that turned the maudlin tale of a wrestling hold gone wrong into something with the wry poignancy of 'Send in the Clowns,' recalls Was.
Torme eventually added the song to his concert repertoire, and it wound up on the four-CD Rhino Records boxed set of Torme's work collected a few years before his death in 1999.
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|Chase County population remained steady in 2014
|Written by Wauneta Breeze
|Thursday, 02 April 2015 02:53
By Russ Pankonin
The Wauneta Breeze
Estimates released last week by the U.S. Census Bureau show that population in Chase County remained steady last year.
Each year, the Census Bureau releases population estimates from July to July of the previous years.
In July, 2013, the estimated population in Chase County stood at 3,977. In 2014, the county's estimated population grew by one person to 3,978.
While the growth was only by one person, it ranked Chase County as one of only 43 Nebraska counties that showed either no decline or positive population growth for 2014.
Since the last Census in 2010, Chase County's population has increased by 12 people, compared to the 3,966 figure in 2010.
In the four years since the last census, 63 of the state's 93 counties have lost population while the state's population has increased by more than 55,000.
That trend of falling population hit counties around Chase County as well.
To the south, Dundy County's population declined by 83 people from July, 2013 to July 2014 to 1,886. Since the 2010 census, population has declined by 122 people from the 2,008 people recorded that year.
To the north, Perkins County saw a slight decline of 19 people as of July, 2014, with an estimated population of 2,891. Since the 2,970 count in the 2010 census, Perkins County has lost 79 people.
Keith County showed no decline in 2014, with a population of 8,121. However, since the census, population there has declined by 247.
Chase County's neighbor to the east, Hayes County, lost 40 people during 2014, making the estimated population 933. Since the last census, they are only down 34 people.
Hitchcock County was among those 43 counties showing growth last year, with an increase of 28 people to 2,901. That's still seven below their county census in 2010.
Counties with regional trade centers, including McCook and North Platte, both showed population declines in 2014 and since the 2010 census.
Red Willow County, which includes McCook, fell by 156 people to 10,867 in 2014 and 188 people since 2010.
Lincoln County, home to North Platte, fell 277 in 2014 to 35,815 and is down 473 since 2010.
State population increases
With an increase of 12,354 people statewide, Nebraska's estimated population stands at 1,881,503 as of July 1, 2014. That's an increase of 55,162 people since the 2010 census. Douglas and Sarpy Counties, which encompasses Omaha and its suburb communities, and Lancaster County, which includes Lincoln, were the primary beneficiaries of Nebraska's growth since the 2010 census.
The population in Douglas and Sarpy Counties now totals 715,437 people.
Douglas County grew by 5,715 people in 2014 and 26,314 since the last census. Sarpy County grew by 2,835 people in 2014 and a total of 13,353 since 2010.
The Capitol city of Lincoln experienced the second highest increase, adding 4,510 people in 2014 to make their population 301,795. That's an increase of 16,388 since 2010.
Hall County, which includes Grand Island, showed the next highest growth with 569 more people in 2014.
David Drozd of the Center for Public Affairs Research at the University of Nebraska at Omaha said the estimates show that (county, county seat) Douglas (Omaha), Lancaster (Lincoln), Sarpy (Papillion), Buffalo (Kearney), Cass (Plattsmouth), Platte (Columbus), and Seward (Seward) counties all hit all-time population highs in 2014.
Population estimates for Nebraska's towns in 2014 will be released by the Census Bureau in the coming months.


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Addressing the pressure to change: achieving and sustaining energy efficiencies part 1 Community Blog
Karl Helbig firstname.lastname@example.com Tags: tivoli maximo energy green-data-center green-it energy-efficiency monitoring energy-monitoring energy-management management sustainability ibm-energy-management ibm meo green green-infrastructure green-and-beyond 2 Comments 1,779 Visits
The rising cost and uncertain availability of energy There are many specific issues around energy and the environment that are increasing the urgency for organizations to change the way they do things in order to achieve and sustain energy efficiencies. And...
Chapter 1: The IBM Energy Management Blog Community Blog
Karl Helbig email@example.com Tags: green-data-center ibm-energy-management energy-efficiency green-and-beyond tivoli gts green-it green-infrastructure modular-data-center energy-efficient-servers sustainability stg energy-monitoring 2 Comments 2,149 Visits
Hello, Karl Helbig here... I am a worldwide marketing manager with IBM focusing on our energy management software portfolio. First, let's get the intro out of the way with just a little background on me... I am considered a subject matter expert on our...
Directions in Energy and Environmental Management - Instrumentation and Insight Community Blog
Chris Dittmer firstname.lastname@example.com Tags: energy-monitoring tivoli monitoring green-it green-data-center meo energy green green-infrastructure energy-efficiency management green-and-beyond ibm-energy-management ibm sustainability energy-management maximo 1,408 Visits
I wanted to take just a few minutes on this Friday afternoon to talk about the directions that we see emerging in the energy management space. As Rich mentioned, one thing that we don't see changing is the demand for energy cost reduction, the increased...
Energy & Efficiency track @ Pulse 2010 Community Blog
Karl Helbig firstname.lastname@example.com Tags: sustainability green-data-center tivoli energy-efficiency meo green energy-monitoring ibm-energy-management monitoring management energy-management energy ibm green-it green-infrastructure maximo green-and-beyond 1,487 Visits
Pulse 2010 is just over 3 weeks away, so I thought I would give you a sneak preview of how the Energy & Efficiency track agenda is shaping up. If you are coming to Pulse 2010 and want to build your agenda in advance of the conference, head over to the...
Energy dashboards can help you turn insight into action Community Blog
Gino Palozzi email@example.com Tags: green-it energy-monitoring green-infrastructure 1,175 Visits
Would you like to be able to visualize and communicate both the environmental and economic impact of energy usage across your infrastructure? If your answer is yes, then IBM has the solution for you. It's called the IBM energy dashboard, and it's a...
Energy Efficiency in a Dynamic Infrastructure Community Blog
Karl Helbig firstname.lastname@example.com Tags: sustainability ibm meo green-it monitoring energy green-data-center green-and-beyond green-infrastructure management energy-management maximo tivoli ibm-energy-management green energy-monitoring energy-efficiency 1 Comment 2,115 Visits
Greetings all- On October 20, 2009, IBM announced several new and enhanced offerings designed to help our customers succeed in an increasingly complex and interconnected world. The announcements reinforce the vision of a Dynamic Infrastructure and support our...
Energy monitoring for greater efficiency in the data center and beyond Community Blog
Karl Helbig firstname.lastname@example.com Tags: energy energy-monitoring green green-and-beyond ibm green-infrastructure energy-efficiency energy-management monitoring tivoli green-it management ibm-energy-management maximo sustainability green-data-center meo 1 Comment 3,134 Visits
Effective monitoring of IT, data center and facility assets can bring positive savings to companies that are paying attention to it. Based on a survey I read recently, decreased energy use (or greater energy efficiency) and increased cooling efficiency...
Facilities Friday (a day early): IBM's new solution for Smarter Buildings Community Blog
Karl Helbig firstname.lastname@example.com Tags: tivoli energy-management meo maximo-asset-management environment energy ibm-energy-management space-management green energy-efficiency energy-monitoring sustainability facilities-management space-planning smarter-buildings energy-optimization 4,414 Visits
Good morning...it's about 6:40AM on a rainy Thursday here in Massachusetts as I begin to type this. Why am I up you ask? It could be the hungy, week-old baby in the next room, but no (don't worry, mom's up too), it's smarter buildings that...
Facilities Friday - An integrated solution for smarter buildings, part 2: The Value of an integrated solution Community Blog
Karl Helbig email@example.com Tags: environment tivoli energy-management space-management sustainability maximo-asset-management facilities-management smarter-buildings ibm-energy-management green meo energy-optimization energy energy-monitoring energy-efficiency space-planning 3,961 Visits
An integrated smarter buildings solution, simply stated, should integrate with your building management system(s) & monitor facilities/building assets in real-time, capturing data that can be used to improve energy efficiency, asset performance, and...
Facilities Friday blog: Smarter buildings Pulse Wrap up Community Blog
Karl Helbig email@example.com Tags: energy-efficiency facilities-management meo ibm-energy-management energy-management green tivoli sustainability maximo-asset-management smarter-buildings space-management energy-optimization environment green-infrastructure energy-monitoring energy space-planning 2 Comments 5,420 Visits
We're back from Pulse 2011 , and what a week it was for smarter buildings. Smarter buildings was a key topic throughout the event, from the conference kickoff, to the EAM track kickoff, to dedicated sessions in 2 tracks, plus various panels and press. 12...
Facilities Friday: An integrated solution for smarter buildings, part 1: Why do we need it? Community Blog
Karl Helbig firstname.lastname@example.com Tags: tivoli space-planning energy-management energy energy-efficiency energy-optimization ibm-energy-management sustainability green-infrastructure facilities-management green meo space-management smarter-buildings energy-monitoring maximo-asset-management 2,921 Visits
In our first FF blog post, we started to explore the notion of "smarter buildings" and defined them as being integrated physical and digital infrastructures that are more cost effective for their owners and operators through more efficient use of...
Facilities Friday: Collaboration with Johnson Controls' Panoptix™ and IBM Smarter Buildings - by Dave Bartlett Community Blog
Karl Helbig firstname.lastname@example.com Tags: johnson-contr maximo-asset-management sustainability ibm space-management ibm-energy-management iwms tririga management energy facilities-management green tivoli meo operations energy-efficiency energy-management smarter-buildings energy-monitoring 6,200 Visits
Guest blogger: Dave Bartlett, IBM As most project managers know, you can't do it alone in the smarter buildings market—it takes collaboration across multiple units with your organization: facilities management, IT, finance, corporate and more. ...
Facilities Friday: EAM & IWMS role in smarter buildings Community Blog
Karl Helbig firstname.lastname@example.com Tags: ibm energy energy-monitoring smarter-buildings meo ibm-energy-management maximo-asset-management environment energy-management operations energy-efficiency management space-management sustainability iwms tririga green tivoli facilities-management 4,464 Visits
Hi blog enthusiasts, welcome to another installment of Facilities Friday. When we last met , we talked about our new solution, IBM Intelligent Building Management . Quick refresher: IBM Intelligent Building Management is a solution that combines...
Facilities Friday: Integrate facilities management and IT to reduce energy and operating costs Community Blog
Karl Helbig firstname.lastname@example.com Tags: energy-management energy-efficiency energy green ibm-energy-management tivoli ibm tririga facilities-management space-management smarter-buildings operations iwms meo sustainability management environment energy-monitoring maximo-asset-management 3,683 Visits
Hi all, Now that I have your attention, I wanted to let you know about a recent webcast, an upcoming webcast, and our participation at an industry trade show. Let's start with the webcast that took place this past Wednesday, September 14th. ...
Facilities Friday: Smarter buildings come to Pulse 2011 Community Blog
Karl Helbig firstname.lastname@example.com Tags: energy-management green-infrastructure energy-monitoring energy-optimization energy meo ibm-energy-management tivoli smarter-buildings space-planning energy-efficiency facilities-m green maximo-asset-management environment sustainability space-management 1 Comment 4,936 Visits
As most of you know by now, Pulse 2011 is returning to the MGM Grand in Las Vegas February 27 - March 2. As part of this year's EAM track, we've added an exciting new sub-track for smarter buildings. I talked about what a smarter building is in my last...


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The Ontario Ministry of the Environment is seeking public comment on a proposed regulation to allow landfill gas power generating facilities to register in the Environmental Activity and Sector Registry (EASR).Read more
Sector registration mandatory for solar, printing and waste haulers from November 18
Congratulations to the Approvals Reform team: The Ontario Ministry of the Environment has brought three new sectors into its Environmental Activity and Sector Registry Regulations under the Environmental Protection Act: Small Ground-Mounted Solar; Lithographic, Screen and Digital Printing; and Non-Hazardous Waste Transportation Systems. Qualifying activities in these sectors can therefore now take place through registration, instead of obtaining an Environmental Compliance Approval. Any facilityRead more
New fee for Ontario environmental sector registry
As of October 28, 2012, the Ministry of the Environment now charges $1,190 to register an activity in the an Environmental Activity and Sector Registry (EASR). See EBR Registry Number: 011-6549. This is part of a general raising of fees across the Ontario government, as recommend by the Drummond Report.Read more
Narrow candidates for permit by rule: waste, solar, printing
The latest draft Approvals Reform regulations are another small step in the right direction. Clarifying and simplifying the requirements for routine, low impact activities, and reducing regulatory delay, is increasingly important if Ontario is to successfully compete for investment money and jobs. Using the Environmental Activity and Sector Registry (EASR) process (a type of permit by rule) for routine activities should also free up much needed resources for the quicker processing ofRead more
First "permit by rule" approval sectors
Ontario's new environmental approvals system is proposed to have two streams: a detailed Approvals Process (to be called Environmental Compliance Approval) for more complex situations, similar to the current certificates of approval. In this stream, applications for activities outside the EASR would be made to the Ministry of the Environment. The MOE would continue to do a detailed technical review of documentation submitted by the applicant(s) and to seek public input. a "permit by rule"Read more
More on approvals reform
Bill 68, the 166 page Open for Business Act [i] is now available for download. The Bill establishes a framework for reform of environmental approvals, as part of a three-year initiative intended to foster more efficient government services to business, while continuing to protect the environment and the public interest. This long-overdue Bill received first reading on May 17, 2010, and is likely to pass easily.Read more


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Safeway sees employee diversity as a strategy that improves its business
Next week the United States installs its first African American president, marking a milestone for diversity in American politics. But would Barack Obama fit in as an executive in one of the nation's supermarket companies? He might at Safeway, where the company's longstanding and far-reaching efforts to celebrate the differences among its employees have earned it SN's Champion of Diversity Award for 2009. "We like to think of it as being built into everything we do," said Larree Renda, ...
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Welcome to WebmasterWorld Guest from 220.127.116.11
Forum Moderators: open
>That is not to say my sites are all in the top ten. I wish they were. The most critical sites are in the top ten, and that's good enough for me...>
I do not wish to preach to the choir. I have extremely limited technical knowledge and I honestly don't understand half of what most of you are talking about. You are tracking more than 60 web sites and I am only keeping track of 2. The difference between us is that those 2 sites produce 100% of my income by way of internet inquiries.
While everyone debates what may or may not be happening at Inktomi and the "pay to submit" issue, I am going out of business! If the only solution to my immediate financial challenge is to pay for url listings then you bet I will be first in the cue at Intomi's door ready to throw my money at them! In addition, I plan to pay Yahoo to list my site within the next two weeks. Its a matter of survival for me and has nothing to do with a moralistic or idealistic view of how the search engines "should" or were "originally intended" to work. I'm in business and would like to stay that way.
Market position, top 10 rankings and being included on all search engines is of primary importance to my survival. I'm afraid that being number 20, 30 or even lower is NOT ... "good enough for me"!
I have done 32 separate keyword searches on the 10 major search engines which have indexed my site to determine my rankings. I believe I have managed rather well. (Anyone who would like a copy is welcome). My site address is bareboatsbvi.com and before anyone starts critiquing the site, please keep in mind that I wrote all the text, the meta tags and designed the layout myself. I then hired a local fellow to put it all together for me. I know it isn't "technically" impressive or even special in any way ... but it does the job and it is all I can afford at this point.
If you search for "bareboat charters BVI" or "sailing charters BVI" or "motor yacht charters BVI" ... and my page doesn't come up in the top 10 on most (non-Inktomi) sites, then I'll be surprised. Try it on LookSmart, MSN or Snap and see what happens. My other site is bvivacations.com. It does pretty well too ... even on Inktomi.
I am in favour of anything which will get the bill collectors off my doorstep ... bring on the paid submissions!
Kind regards,


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The Perfect Client – Potters Fields Park
Don't you just love it when things run smoothly? It becomes clear that a harmonious working relationship, like any relationship, involves input from both parties.
Without equal effort from the client, and the team they have hired, business relationships can often deteriorate. Recently at Distilled the design and development team have had the pleasure of working with Hannah and Stephen from Potters Fields Park. But what was it that made this working relationship so pleasing? What can we take from the smooth running of this project? And how can we apply what we have learn't to future projects?
I believe proceedings ran smoothly because of the 3 C's:
Communication Co-operation Compromise
At Distilled we run projects in a few clearly defined stages...
Step 1 - Requirements and Wireframes:
This phase is really about realising what information needs to be included and working out how it should be categorised.


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Eeeesh. I don't honestly know. Something about the concept makes me very nervous. It feels too close to controlling the sorts of people we allow to live. On the other hand, I can completely understand why someone would want to end their extreme suffering.
(You ask good questions).
What would be your first thought if you were told you were carrying sextuplets?


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The Official Harvest Moon Fan Club - Roundin' Up The Livestock!
View Single Post
December 24th, 2012 (5:25 PM).
Join Date: Dec 2012
Location: Indonesia
Gender: Female
Nature: Hasty
Posts: 26
Yeah, Neil more mean than Vaughnie,
but Neil just.....shy maybeh? I always see that handsome man is rude! >.<
And Rod...WAAA! Kawai-desu!!!
Sanjay much like butler and Soseki..TOTALLY GAY!!
I think that brilliant way you pick Rod~
You know, in this day, i really like to be boy player,
the new boy in HM series become many gay look...
That's why i more pick to marry girl..
I pick..
Felicity too hard, Iroha and Yuri looks really amazing, Tina and Michelle SOO KAWAI-DESU!!!
This make me want have 3DS :3
I'm going to save up my money and buy 3DS that around 2,4 million rupiah!
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text: THE body of delegates which met in Philadelphia in 1787 was the most important convention that ever sat in the United States. The Confederation was a failure, and if the new nation was to be justified in the eyes of the world, it must show itself capable of effective union. The members of the Convention realized the significance of the task before them, which was, as Madison said, "now to decide forever the fate of Republican government." Gouverneur Morris, with unwonted seriousness, declared: "The whole human race will be affected by the proceedings of this Convention." James Wilson spoke with equal gravity: "After the lapse of six thousand years since the creation of the world America now presents the first instance of a people assembled to weigh deliberately and calmly and to decide leisurely and peaceably upon the form of government by which they will bind themselves and their posterity."