text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 21, 2006
|Filing date
|Oct 27, 2004
|Priority date
|Oct 31, 2003
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Ralf van Bentum, Scott Luning, Andy Wei
|Original Assignee
|Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (51), Classifications (29), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to the fabrication of integrated circuits, and, more particularly, to the formation of field effect transistors having extremely shallow PN junctions.
2. Description of the Related Art
The fabrication of integrated circuits requires the formation of a large number of circuit elements on a given chip area according to a specified circuit layout. Generally, a plurality of process technologies are currently practiced, wherein, for logic circuitry, such as microprocessors, storage chips and the like, CMOS technology is currently the most promising approach, due to the superior characteristics in view of operating speed and/or power consumption. During the fabrication of complex integrated circuits using CMOS technology, millions of complementary transistors, i.e., N-channel transistors and P-channel transistors, are formed on an appropriate substrate. Typically, a MOS transistor, irrespective of whether an N-channel transistor or a P-channel transistor is considered, comprises so-called PN junctions that are formed at an interface of highly doped drain and source regions with an inversely doped channel region disposed between the drain region and the source region. The conductivity of the channel region is controlled by a gate electrode formed above the channel region and separated therefrom by a thin insulating layer. The conductivity of the channel region depends on the dopant concentration, the mobility of the majority charge carriers, and, for a given extension of the channel region in the transistor width direction, the distance between the source and drain region, which is also referred to as channel length. Hence, in combination with the capability of rapidly creating a conductive channel below the insulating layer upon application of a specified control voltage to the gate electrode, the conductivity of the channel region substantially determines the characteristics of the MOS transistors. For this reason, the channel length represents a dominant design criterion and a size reduction thereof provides increased operating speed of the integrated circuits.
The shrinkage of the transistor dimensions, however, entails a plurality of issues associated therewith, which have to be addressed so as to not unduly offset the advantages obtained by steadily decreasing the channel length of MOS transistors.
One problem in this respect is the requirement of extremely shallow PN junctions. That is, the depth of the source and drain regions with respect to an interface formed by the gate insulating layer and the channel region has to be decreased as the channel length is reduced so as to maintain the required controllability of the conductive channel. The depth of the source and drain regions substantially determines the sheet resistance thereof, which may not be arbitrarily reduced by correspondingly increasing the dopant concentration in the source and drain regions, since an extremely high dopant concentration may give rise to increased leakage currents. Furthermore, the dopants implanted into these regions at very high concentrations may not be completely activated by conventional rapid thermal anneal cycles without negatively affecting the overall dopant profile within the source and drain regions. That is, for a desired channel length, defined by the PN junctions, an increased dopant concentration requires higher temperatures and/or a prolonged duration of the corresponding anneal cycles, thereby, however, influencing the dopant profile forming the PN junctions by the inevitable thermal diffusion of the dopants, which finally may lead to a non-acceptable variation of the finally achieved channel length.
In an attempt to further reduce the sheet resistance of the drain and source regions, the conductivity thereof is frequently increased by forming a metal silicide of superior conductivity compared to a highly doped silicon. However, since the penetration depth of the metal silicide is restricted by the depth of the PN junctions, the improvement in gaining conductivity in these regions is therefore coupled to the depth of the corresponding PN junctions. Moreover, in many CMOS technologies, a corresponding metal silicide is simultaneously formed on the gate electrode, wherein a shallow junction depth therefore also creates a very shallow metal silicide in the gate electrode, thereby providing only limited improvement in gaining superior gate electrode conductivity.
In one approach, extremely shallow source and drain regions may be formed by raising the source and drain regions above the gate insulation layer/channel region interface and maintaining the drain-source dopant concentration at an acceptable level while providing the possibility of forming highly conductive metal silicide regions without being restricted by the actual depth of the PN junctions due to the increased size of the raised drain and source regions.
With reference to
The transistor 100 as shown in
During the formation of the spacer 109 when comprised of silicon dioxide, the liner 106 is typically etched off the surface portion of the semiconductor layer 102. Therefore, usually the additional liner 106 a is deposited prior to the formation of the spacer 110 to provide an etch stop layer. If the first spacer 109 is comprised of silicon nitride, the liner 106 is preserved during the anisotropic etch for forming the spacer 109, however, possibly with an inhomogeneous thickness owing to the etch-induced damage. Therefore, the liner 106 may be removed and the additional liner 106 a may also be deposited in this case. The formation of the spacers 109, 110 and 112 may be accomplished by well-established spacer technologies, such as described with reference to the spacer 107, wherein the corresponding spacer width may be controlled by the corresponding deposition thicknesses of the respective spacer layers, for instance comprised of silicon nitride, wherein the first spacer 109 and the oxide liner 111 provide the required etch selectivity in anisotropically patterning the spacers.
As a result, the above-described process flow enables the formation of required shallow PN junctions in the form of the extensions 113, while nevertheless providing a low contact resistance to the drain and source regions 114 by providing the additional selectively grown silicon regions 108, which may be used to receive a highly conductive metal silicide, wherein the silicidation process does not adversely affect the extensions 113, nor is the silicidation process restricted by the depth of the extensions 113 and the drain and source regions 114.
Although the process flow described above provides significant improvements in forming raised drain and source regions, the problem of the restricted channel conductivity still remains since, as previously explained, the channel conductivity depends on the channel length 116 as well as on the dopant concentration within the extensions 113 and the channel region 115. The channel length 116 is substantially determined by the dimensions of the gate electrode 103 and thus a further reduction of the channel length 116 requires an enhanced resolution of the photolithography in the conventional process flow. On the other hand, a further increase of the dopant concentration may lead to increased leakage currents during the transistor operation and may also necessitate sophisticated anneal cycles, thereby possibly adversely affecting the dopant profile in the extensions 113 and the drain and source regions 114. Consequently, further improvements of the conventional process flow are required so as to obtain superior device characteristics for a given channel length 116.
In an effort to improve the channel conductivity, it has been suggested to create tensile or compressive stress in the channel region 115, thereby enhancing the mobility of electrons and holes, respectively. It has been stated that the application of tensile or compressive stress may increase the mobility of charge carriers up to about 20% for a given dopant profile and channel length. The generation of stress in the channel region 115 may, however, entail substantial changes of the above-described well-approved process sequence when a strain layer is formed in the channel region 115 as is suggested in some known process strategies.
In view of the above situation, there is a need for an improved technique that enables the formation of raised source and drain regions substantially in accordance with a conventional process flow while still providing the potential for improving the transistor characteristics by, for instance, increasing the channel conductivity.
The present invention is directed to overcoming, or at least reducing the effects of, one or more of the problems set forth above.
The following presents a simplified summary of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the invention. This summary is not an exhaustive overview of the invention. It is not intended to identify key or critical elements of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is discussed later.
Generally, the present invention is directed to a technique that enables the formation of raised drain and source regions by epitaxial growth while still providing the possibility of enhancing the transistor characteristics in that a strain layer may be introduced into the drain and source regions during the epitaxial growth process and/or by providing the potential for controllably modifying the dopant profile of the drain and source regions during the epitaxial growth process.
According to one illustrative embodiment of the present invention, a method comprises forming a gate electrode having a first sidewall and a second sidewall above a semiconductor layer. A first recess and a second recess are formed in the semiconductor layer, wherein the first and second recesses are laterally spaced apart from the first and second sidewalls of the gate electrode. Moreover, a material is epitaxially grown in the first and second recesses so as to form a raised drain region and a raised source region.
According to another illustrative embodiment of the present invention, a method comprises forming an oxidation mask over a semiconductor layer and selectively oxidizing exposed portions of the semiconductor layer. Then, the selectively oxidized portions of the semiconductor layer are removed to form a recess adjacent to the oxidation mask. Finally, a material is epitaxially grown in the recess so as to extend above a surface portion of the semiconductor layer covered by the oxidation mask, wherein the epitaxially grown material has a lattice constant that differs from that of the semiconductor material forming the semi-conductor layer, thereby creating stress in a region adjacent to and below the oxidation mask.
In accordance with yet another illustrative embodiment of the present invention, a transistor comprises a gate electrode structure including a gate insulation layer separating a gate electrode from a channel region formed by a doped first semiconductor material having a first lattice spacing. The transistor further comprises a drain region and a source region formed adjacent to the gate electrode structure and including the first semiconductor material and a second material, wherein the second material has a second lattice spacing that differs from the first lattice spacing so as to create stress in the channel region.
The invention may be understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals identify like elements, and in which:
While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and are herein described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Illustrative embodiments of the invention are described below. In the interest of clarity, not all features of an actual implementation are described in this specification. It will of course be appreciated that in the development of any such actual embodiment, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers' specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which will vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
The present invention will now be described with reference to the attached figures. Various structures, systems and devices are schematically depicted in the drawings for purposes of explanation only and so as to not obscure the present invention with details that are well known to those skilled in the art. Nevertheless, the attached drawings are included to describe and explain illustrative examples of the present invention. The words and phrases used herein should be understood and interpreted to have a meaning consistent with the understanding of those words and phrases by those skilled in the relevant art. No special definition of a term or phrase, i.e., a definition that is different from the ordinary and customary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art, is intended to be implied by consistent usage of the term or phrase herein. To the extent that a term or phrase is intended to have a special meaning, i.e., a meaning other than that understood by skilled artisans, such a special definition will be expressly set forth in the specification in a definitional manner that directly and unequivocally provides the special definition for the term or phrase.
The present invention is based on the concept that a replaceable mask or spacer may be used for forming raised drain and source regions, wherein, prior to performing a selective epitaxial growth process, a recess is formed, in one particular embodiment by a highly controllable oxidation process, so as to provide the potential to introduce a specified dopant concentration and/or a stress-inducing layer during the epitaxial growth of the raised drain and source regions within the recesses.
With reference to
For a silicon-based device 200, substantially the same process flow may be applied as previously explained with reference to
In other embodiments, the recess 221 may be formed by a corresponding dry or wet etch process without forming the oxidized portion 220, wherein the depth 221 a may be controlled by adjusting the etch time for a given etch rate. Since the control of the depth 221 a by means of adjusting an etch time is less precise compared to the formation of a slowly growing oxidized portion, the latter embodiment may be convenient for relaxed process requirements.
Thereafter, the exposed recesses 221 may be subjected to a cleaning process to remove oxide residues or other etch byproducts. Advantageously, forming the recess 221 prior to a selective epitaxial growth process also removes any contaminants that may have accumulated on surface portions of the semiconductor layer 202 in preceding processes. In some cases, contaminants such as carbon and oxygen may accumulate at surface portions up to a depth of approximately 3 nm, which may then negatively influence the subsequent epitaxial growth process. Hence, by forming the recesses 221, these contaminants are effectively removed.
The formation of the material 230 is accomplished by well-established epitaxial growth processes when commonly known material compositions, such as silicon germanium on silicon or silicon carbon on silicon and the like are used. If the semiconductor layer 202 is comprised of other semiconductor layers, corresponding growth recipes may be established on the basis of opto-electronic manufacturing processes and/or on the basis of experiments to determine appropriate mixture ratios for creating tensile or compressive stress. It may then be advantageous to precisely adjust a final height 232 of the material 230 with respect to the gate insulation layer 204 by providing an additional semiconductor layer that has the same lattice structure and lattice spacing as the semiconductor layer 202, since then the epitaxial growth parameters may be selected substantially independently from the final height 232. That is, the desired stress created in the channel region 215 may be controlled by the epitaxial growth parameters in combination with the depth 221 a, whereas the height of raised drain and source regions, i.e., the height 232, may be adjusted by growing a pure semiconductor layer within the material 230, thereby substantially not affecting the parameters for defining the stress in the channel region 215.
In other embodiments, the material 230 may comprise, in addition or alternatively to a stress creating component, a dopant species in a specified concentration that enables the formation of a specified dopant profile, possibly in addition to further implantation cycles that are to be performed in a later manufacturing stage. For instance, a high dopant concentration may be introduced into the semiconductor layer 202 without damaging the crystalline structure, contrary to the case of an ion implantation sequence, thereby significantly relaxing the constraints with respect to the thermal budget in subsequent anneal cycles required for recrystallizing damaged crystalline semiconductor regions. The "deposition" of the dopant concentration may be controlled by adjusting the depth 221 a and by adjusting the epitaxial growth parameters in which, for instance, the addition of the dopant species may be varied over time so as to establish a desired vertical dopant profile in the material 230. For example, if it is appropriate to locate high dopant concentration at a moderate depth 221 a, recessing the semiconductor layer 202, for example by forming the oxidized portion 220 (
The removal of the spacer 207 and of the cap layer 205 may be performed as is described in the conventional process flow and may, in one particular embodiment, be achieved by hot phosphoric acid when the spacer 207 and the cap layer 205 are substantially comprised of silicon nitride. Thereafter, a conventional process flow for forming a field effect transistor may be applied to the device 200, wherein, depending on whether the material 230 contains a dopant species or not, a more efficient dopant profiling and/or a reduced thermal budget may be achieved.
The formation of the transistor 200 as shown may substantially include the same process sequences as already described with reference to
Thereafter, further processing may be continued, for instance, by forming silicide regions in the material 230 and the gate electrode 203 by well-established silicidation processes. In other process strategies, a metal silicide in the material 230 may not be required.
As a consequence, by providing the material 230 containing a dopant species and/or a stress-creating component, the device characteristics may be improved. In particular, when a stress-creating component is present in the region 230, the carrier mobility may be enhanced and thus the drive current capability of the transistor 200 is improved for a given rate of leakage current. Moreover, the transistor 200 may be formed in accordance with well-established process flows for forming raised drain and source regions, wherein especially the recessing of the semiconductor layer 202 by a local oxidation for thinning the semiconductor layer 202 provides improved control for the thickness of the semiconductor layer prior to the selective epitaxial growth process, which is particularly advantageous for SOI devices, thereby still enhancing the transistor performance thereof.
With reference to
The device 300 as shown in
A typical process flow for forming the device shown in
As a consequence, by recessing the semiconductor layer 302 by means of the oxidation mask 340 and a selective oxidation process prior to an epitaxial growth process for forming the raised drain and source regions 334, a dopant species and/or a stress-generating component may be effectively introduced in the vicinity of a channel region 315 prior to forming a corresponding gate electrode structure. In one particular embodiment, at least the layer 333 of the epitaxially grown material 330 comprises a stress-inducing component, such as silicon/germanium or silicon/carbon, thereby exerting an illustrative compressive stress, indicated by 331, to the channel region 315 to increase the charge carrier mobility and thus the conductivity therein. As previously explained, the mobility of holes for P-channel transistors may be increased by generating a compressive stress while the mobility of electrons for an N-channel transistor may be increased by generating a tensile stress in the channel region 315.
As a result, the present invention provides an efficient technique for providing dopant species and/or a stress-inducing component in the vicinity of a channel region of a field effect transistor by recessing a semiconductor layer prior to performing an epitaxial growth process for forming raised drain and source regions. In some embodiments, the recessing is achieved by selectively oxidizing the semiconductor layer, thereby achieving a high degree of controllability in thinning the underlying semiconductor layer. Consequently, the amount of stress and/or dopant species introduced into the semiconductor layer may be generated with high precision, thereby contributing to device uniformity. Irrespective of whether a gate electrode structure is formed prior to or after the epitaxial growth process, a high degree of compatibility with established conventional process flows is still preserved.
The particular embodiments disclosed above are illustrative only, as the invention may be modified and practiced in different but equivalent manners apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings herein. For example, the process steps set forth above may be performed in a different order. Furthermore, no limitations are intended to the details of construction or design herein shown, other than as described in the claims below. It is therefore evident that the particular embodiments disclosed above may be altered or modified and all such variations are considered within the scope and spirit of the invention. Accordingly, the protection sought herein is as set forth in the claims below.
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 27, 2004
Owner name: ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES, INC., TEXAS
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Effective date: 20040927
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Owner name: GLOBALFOUNDRIES INC., CAYMAN ISLANDS
Free format text: AFFIRMATION OF PATENT ASSIGNMENT;ASSIGNOR:ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:023119/0083
Effective date: 20090630
|Apr 22, 2010
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Definition of Jordan in English:
1A country in the Middle East, east of the Jordan River; population 6,269,300 (est. 2009); capital, Amman; official language, Arabic. Official name Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.
Romans, Arabs, Crusaders, and Turks dominated the area successively until it was made a British protectorate in 1916 and achieved independence in 1946. During the war of 1948–49 that followed the establishment of the state of Israel, Jordan took over the area of the West Bank; this was recovered by Israel in the Six Day War of 1967, after which many Palestinian refugees entered the country. A peace treaty with Israel was signed in 1994, ending an official state of war between the two countries.
2A river that flows south for 200 miles (320 km) from the Anti-Lebanon Mountains through the Sea of Galilee into the Dead Sea. John the Baptist baptized Jesus Christ in the Jordan River. It is regarded as sacred not only by Christians but also by Jews and Muslims.
Words that rhyme with JordanAuden, broaden, cordon, Gordon, Hordern, warden
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(Image: Vardion)At the end of World War I, the Czech and Slovak regions of the Austo-Hungarian Empire... ...of the Austo-Hungarian Empire formed the state of Czechoslovakia . When the pair split in 1993, the Czech state became known in English as the *strong class="matched-kw...http://www.neatorama.com/2016/04/18/Out-The-Czech-Republic-In-Czechia/
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Atlas Obscura continues their 31 Days of Halloween... ...31 Days of Halloween series with a church in the Czech Republic in which a man was buried alive. The Church of St...http://www.neatorama.com/2013/10/16/A-Thiefs-Severed-Arm/
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[YouTube Clip] Hollywood... ...d may have movie stars home tours but 37-year-old Czech translator Petr Sourek has something ev... ..."In the corruption segment, the Czech Republic has a lot to offer to both local and...http://www.neatorama.com/2012/05/20/home-tours-of-the-corrupt-rich-and-infamous/
(YouTube link) Kuky Returns (Kuky se vrací)... ...ky se vrací) is a beautiful children's film from Czech director Jan Sverák. Watching the trailer, it ma...http://www.neatorama.com/2010/03/21/kuky-returns/


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Mercury in the Environment Companies in Maine
Category: Health & Safety ×
Subcategory: Mercury in the Environment ×
Industry: Energy ×
Location: USA ×
Location: Maine ×
Burns & McDonnell
based in Kansas City, MISSOURI (USA)
Burns & McDonnell, headquartered in Kansas City, Mo., is a full-service engineering, architecture, construction, environmental and consulting solutions firm. Our multidisciplined staff of more than 4,300 employee-owners includes engineers, architects, construction experts, planners, estimators, economists, technicians and scientists, representing virtually all design ...
Lumex Instruments Group
based in Mission, BRITISH COLUMBIA (CANADA)
Lumex Instruments develops and manufactures high-tech analytical instruments for laboratory and field analysis, process and environmental monitoring, providing with a comprehensive methodological support and extensive training. We have been designing and developing analytical instruments and scientific methods for over 20 years. Lumex Instruments portfolio: high frequency ...
Nippon Instruments North America
based in College Station, TEXAS (USA)
Nippon Instruments North America is the regional office for Nippon Instruments Corporation, Japan (NIC). As a regional extension for the high quality NIC mercury analyzers, we are a factory-trained group of mercury analyzer experts that is here to support all of your mercury analyzer applications. Being `factory-trained` means a lot when it comes from Nippon Instruments ...
JES Elektrotechnik GmbH
based in Hallein, AUSTRIA
JES Elektrotechnik is a leading company in the field of tunnel safety. We develop, manufacture, install and maintain tunnel monitoring systems and gas warning systems for car parks. We are a single source for all measuring equipment required for the operation of a tunnel or car park. Tunnel products include extractive monitoring solutions to measure carbon monoxide (CO) ...
US Environmental Rental Corporation
based in Waltham, MASSACHUSETTS (USA)
U.S. Environmental Rental Corporation is a leader in providing rentals, distribution, and repairs of environmental monitoring equipment, accessories, and related items. U.S. Environmental is dedicated to providing our valued clients with only the newest, most technologically-advanced, rugged, reliable, and accurate instrumentation.
Bionomic Industries Inc.
based in Mahwah, NEW JERSEY (USA)
Bionomic Industries' recently redesigned website. We appreciate your interest in our company and hope you find our new site user-friendly, most informative and helpful in solving your present or future air pollution, emission control, product or waste heat recovery application. As the dominant worldwide leader in providing conventional and advanced gas absorption, ...
Analytik Jena AG
based in Jena, GERMANY
Analytik Jena is a leading provider of high-end analytical measuring technology, instruments, and products in the fields of biotechnology and molecular diagnostics and high quality liquid handling and automation technologies.
Enviro Technology Services plc
based in Stroud, UNITED KINGDOM
Enviro Technology Services plc (ET) was founded in 1983. Now active in over 45 countries with a multi-million pound turnover. ET is a global provider of air quality and emissions monitoring systems and servicing. The UK-based company sell and lease equipment, systems and services covering the monitoring of ambient air quality (AQM), continuous emissions (CEM) and indoor ...
Opsis AB
based in Furulund, SWEDEN
Opsis AB is the leading supplier of open-path monitoring systems for air quality monitoring, continuous emissions monitoring (CEM) and process control. Opsis offers total monitoring solutions and the product line includes both monitoring hardware and data handling software. The DOAS technology, developed by Opsis, has received international approvals and provides ...
Golden Specialty, Inc.
based in Friendswood, TEXAS (USA)
Golden Specialty provides industry-leading products and services for on-site emissions testing of stationary sources. Our certified and deeply experienced staff use state-of-the-art equipment and redundant CEM systems to reduce risk and ensure highest quality data. We sell and lease a wide range of air testing equipment, parts, supplies, and maintenance service packages ...
Need help finding the right suppliers?
Let the XPRTs do the work for you


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An excerpt from www.HouseOfNames.com archives copyright © 2000 - 2016
Origins Available: Irish-Alt, Irish
The Griffin surname is derived from the Welsh personal names Griffin, Gruffin, or Griffith. These were pet-forms of the Middle Welsh name Gruffudd, which was borne by many Welsh princes. The name came to Ireland in the 12th century with the Anglo- Norman invasion of Strongbow. There was also a native Irish line whose name originally appeared in Gaelic as O Gríobhtha, which is derived from the word "gríobhtha," which means "griffin-like." It is thought that most of the bearers of the Griffith variant of the name are of Welsh ancestry.
The surname Griffin was first found in the province of Munster, where they had been granted lands by Strongbow after the Anglo Norman invasion into Ireland in 1172.
Spelling variations of this family name include: Griffin, O'Griffin, Griffen, O'Griffen, Griffith, Griffey, Griffy, O'Griffy and many more.
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Griffin research. Another 161 words (12 lines of text) covering the years 1st , 10, and 1710 are included under the topic Early Griffin History in all our PDF Extended History products.
Another 35 words (2 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Griffin Notables in all our PDF Extended History products.
Some of the first settlers of this family name were:
Griffin Settlers in United States in the 17th Century
Griffin Settlers in United States in the 18th Century
Griffin Settlers in United States in the 19th Century
Griffin Settlers in Canada in the 18th Century
Griffin Settlers in Canada in the 19th Century
Griffin Settlers in Australia in the 19th Century
Griffin Settlers in New Zealand in the 19th Century
The motto was originally a war cry or slogan. Mottoes first began to be shown with arms in the 14th and 15th centuries, but were not in general use until the 17th century. Thus the oldest coats of arms generally do not include a motto. Mottoes seldom form part of the grant of arms: Under most heraldic authorities, a motto is an optional component of the coat of arms, and can be added to or changed at will; many families have chosen not to display a motto.
Motto: Ne vile Velis
Motto Translation: Wishing nothing base.
The Griffin Family Crest was acquired from the Houseofnames.com archives. The Griffin Family Crest was drawn according to heraldic standards based on published blazons. We generally include the oldest published family crest once associated with each surname.
This page was last modified on 25 May 2016 at 11:25.
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Key things you need to know aboutDr. Spero:
Dr. Spero's Experience
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Dr. Spero's Practice Areas
- Dentistry
Procedures Dr. Spero Performs
- Amalgam Dental Fillings
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Conditions Dr. Spero Treats
- Physical Disability
- Psychiatric Diseases
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Likelihood of recommending Dr. Spero to family and friends is 2.4 out of 5 5 1 5
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We offer cage-free boarding, in-home pet sitting, dog walking, pet check-ins, and pet taxi!
We provide all types of pet care for all types of pets. Passion and experience sets us apart. We will provide the best care for your pet at the best price for you! You will not find this type of quality care & peace of mind anywhere else. Feel free to contact us with any questions via email, call, text, or Facebook.
Paws, breathe, relax, we've got you covered!
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Guerrilla Graywater Girls Guide to Water
by Various
Some brief history of rivers, dams, water power, water Infrastructure, good house/bad house, breaking the water cycle, cheap salvage water catchment, home water use and reuse, graywater, plumbing basics, wetlands for wastewater treatment, urban watershed restoration, water hyacinth fetish page, build your own petal powered washer. A DIY permaculture guide to "harvesting" rainwater, conserving water, and channeling waste water into more functional purposes than just sending it down the drain.
Lots of handy information and how-to guides, like how to turn an old bathtub into beautiful planter that also turns your laundry water into garden food, how to set up a composting toilet, how pipes work, how to catch rain water, and much much more. Good stuff here!
- Port Townsend EcoVillage 1/16/2011
"A fun handbook. Everyone can install greywater systems, legal or not.
- Jonathan 6/7/2007
When is the Greywater Guide going to be back in stock? Really looking forward to reading this!! Perhaps you could sell an electronic PDF version? Thanks!!
- andytoomajian 5/18/2005
probably the only resource out there addressing home greywater systems for renters and city dwellers. I find myself constantly referring other people to this one.
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Amanda Tapping
Captain/Major/ Lt. Colonel Samantha Carter
Claudia Black
Vala Mal Doran
Michael Shanks
Dr. Daniel Jackson
Ben Browder
Lieutenant Colonel Cameron Mitchell
Christopher Judge
Beau Bridges
General Henry "Hank" Landry
Robert Picardo
Richard Woolsey
Guest Star
Robin Mossley
Guest Star
Patrick Gilmore
Guest Star
When the hazmat team finds Teal'c on the ground in the woods, the reflection of the camera can be seen in the hood of the man supposedly leaning over him.
Trivia: The device on the cart the Airman is pushing at the beginning of the episode is the Replicator Disrupter, used in Season 8's "New Order (2)" and "Gemini."
Daniel: I got it! I got it! I made the connection! Sir Gawain to Gwalchmei. Culwhch and Olwen. Verus Gen Bree!
Sam: (to Mitchell) And you say I'm hard to understand.
Daniel: (during mission briefing) ...Unfortunately, what we didn't get were any corresponding gate addresses, and the process of going through that library page by page could have taken years. I knew we were going to have to narrow the search parameters a little. That's when it hit me: Sir Gawain.
Mitchell: Isn't he one of the knights who says "Ni"?
Dr. Hutchinson: You're looking very nice today..
Vala: (while hooked up to a polygraph) Oh, thanks. You're looking rather dashing yourself. (polygraph indicates a lie) I mean….nice. (polygraph indicates a lie) I…I…I mean…not objectionable. (polygraph indicates a lie)
Vala: For instance, when they ask me, "what do you consider your biggest flaw?"
Landry: They won't ask that question.
Vala: My answer will be that I feel that I am too much of a perfectionist. You see, I put a positive spin on a negative.
Landry: Yes, that was very transparent.
(seeing a new planet)
Mitchell: This place is deader than a Texas salad bar.
Landry: Well, you can't cram for a psychiatric evaluation.
Vala: That's what they want you to think.
Landry: Mr. Woolsey's offer was part of the test. We wanted to make sure we could trust you.
Vala: I knew that. But were his sexual advances part of the test?
Woolsey: What? That's... General, I can assure you...
Vala: Well I would have even considered playing along. But some of his requests were... well, a little unusual, even for me.
Woolsey: But General, I would never… General, wait!
Vala: See, I still think it's cause for celebration, so I say we go out, have lunch, and I'll pay.
Mitchell: Pay with what, exactly?
Vala: Well, Daniel will cover me until I get my share of the loot.
Daniel: Loot?
Vala: Yeah, from all the treasures we're going to bring back from our off-world travels. What, I have to wait until I'm off probation until I can start collecting?
Syndication Premiere: September 29, 2007
First aired in New Zealand Saturday, July 14, 2007 on TV2 @ 1pm NZST.
First aired in Canada Thursday, Nov 9, 2006 on Space @ 7pm PST, 10pm EST
Robin Mossley (Reimer) previously appeared as a different character, Malikai, in the 4th season episode "Window of Opportunity".
Vala: "Question 2: You are in the desert. You see a tortoise lying on his back in the hot sun. You recognise his plight, but do nothing to help. Why?" Hmmm...why? Because you are also a tortoise...
This question and answer are taken directly from the Voight-Kampff tests in the film Blade Runner.
Mitchell: Wasn't he one of the Knights who says "Ni"?
This is a reference to the famous comic film Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975). The Knights who say "Ni" were the keepers of certain sacred words that caused great pain in all who heard them, most famously the word "ni" (pronounced like 'knee'). King Arthur was able to defeat them by discovering their weakness, the spoken word "it."
Mitchell: And I'm starting to regret staying up all last night watching Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo. Check that, I regretted it almost immediately.
Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo was a 2005 movie starring Rob Schneider that was a sequel to Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo. The sequel received poor reviews overall and was the lowest earning major picture of the year.
S 10 : Ep 20
Aired 6/22/07 (43:45)
S 10 : Ep 19
Aired 6/15/07 (43:46)
S 10 : Ep 18
Aired 6/8/07 (43:45)
S 10 : Ep 17
Aired 6/1/07 (43:46)
User Score: 5596
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User Score: 90
User Score: 87


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A project of People For the American Way dedicated to monitoring and exposing the activities of the right-wing movement. Learn More >
Kevin Swanson Blames Colorado Floods On 'Decadent Homosexual Activity,' Marijuana And Abortion Rights
After blaming Colorado wildfires on a kiss between State House Majority Leader Mark Ferrandino and his partner that was featured on the Denver Post, pastor Kevin Swanson is also blaming the gay kiss on recent floods to hit the state.
While speaking with fellow pastor and Generations Radio co-host Dave Buehner, Swanson said that it is not a coincidence that the state experienced deadly floods at the same time Colorado "legislators committed homosexual acts on the front page of the Denver Post" and made sure to "kill as many babies as possible" and "encourage as much decadent homosexual activity as possible." He even mentioned the new liberal marijuana law as a reason that the state is witnessing "the worst year ever in terms of flood and fire damage in Colorado's history."
Buehner added that "sometimes when you're in a flood of dissipation, God might bring a real flood to show you the consequences of the flood of your dissipation."
Swanson: Let me ask you this: is it a coincidence that this was the worst year politically in the history of Colorado, at least if you use God's law as a means of determining human ethics, our legislators did the worst possible things this year than I have ever witnessed in the twenty years I've been in Colorado. Our legislators committed homosexual acts on the front page of the Denver Post, do you remember that? So here we have the very worst year in Colorado's year in terms of let's kill as many babies as possible, let's make sure we encourage as much decadent homosexual activity as possible, let's break God's law with impudence at every single level, at every single level let's make sure that we offend whoever wrote the Bible, so we have the worst year possible politically in the state of Colorado and it happens to be the worst year ever in terms of flood and fire damage in Colorado's history. That is a weird coincidence; interesting to say the least.
Buehner: It is. Allow me a little freedom here with 1 Peter. In Colorado this last year we walked in lewdness, lust, drunkenness, revelries, drinking parties—
Swanson: Marijuana.
Buehner: And abominable idolatries and they think it's strange down at that Gold Dome that we are not running with them in the same flood of dissipation. Sometimes when you're in a flood of dissipation, God might bring a real flood to show you the consequences of the flood of your dissipation.
Filed Under
Organizations:Generations Radio
People:Kevin Swanson, Dave Buehner
Topics:Anti-Gay, Anti-Abortion, End Times
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The following function is to be modeled using Simulink®.
Time range is from seconds.
The steps to create the model are listed below:
1. Launch Matlab application.
2. Type 'simulink' at the command line. The Simulink Library Browser opens.
3. Go to File ? New ? Model. The model window opens up.
4. Drag and drop the following components from Library Browser to model and connect them as shown in Figure 1.
a. Sine Wave block (Simulink/Sources Library)
b. Divide block (Simulink/Math Operations Library)
c. Clock block (Simulink/Sources Library)
d. Scope block (Simulink/Sinks Library)
5. Go to Simulation ? Configuration Parameters and change 'Start Time' to -20 and 'Stop Time' to 20.
6. Double click on Scope to view scope window.
7. Click on 'RUN' button to start simulation.
8. Click on 'Autoscale' button on the scope to view the complete graph (as shown in Figure 2).
The following is the Simulink model for the sinc function:
Figure 1
Observe the output on the scope.
Figure 2
Thus, the Simulink model for the sinc function is obtained.


text:
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February Goals
Tuesday, February 01, 2011
I am continuing my reward allowance system this month. I like the reward system but it's weird because sometimes when I meet my goals I still don't feel like I did very well! Hopefully rewards will help get the negative self-image out of my head! When I accomplish my goals for a week or a month, any of my goals, I should be happy instead of criticizing myself for not meeting ALL of my goals. I think that's human nature, to some extent, but hopefully sticking with my program will help me celebrate my successes and getting out of the all-or-nothing mindset.
February Goals:
1. Flylady 50% Complete
2. 5 days Strength
3. 3 days Exercise Bike 1-30 min, 1-35 min, 1-40 min
4. 500 Fitness Minutes
5. Average 1700 Calories or Less
6. Drink Less than 6 Drinks per Week
7. I have another goal I just can't remember right now!
8. BONUS - New Recipe Each Week
Starting the month at 182.5. As you can see by my goals I am obviously focusing on getting into a nice fitness and nutrition routine. I am also working on cleaning up my diet, though as it is I eat very little junk. But I've been studying Michi's Ladder and also trying to eat lean protein with every meal or snack, which is more challenging than it sounds!
I know some people might think that 1700 calories is too much but I am working to raise my metabolism. In order to do so I need to slowly raise the number of calories I am eating until I can eat according to the calculators. By constantly eating less and doing more exercise over the past couple of years I have basically slowed my matabolism to a crawl so now I gain weight super easily. My goal weight is 135 and a 38 year old woman who exercises 3 days a week should be able to maintain a weight of 135 while eating around 1850 calories per day. I think the reason why so many people here, myself included, struggle with losing and at plateaus is because we have destroyed our metabolisms by dieting and being so strict for so long. I am going to try to do this over the next few months, raise my calories and eat the calories (or close to) the my goal weight for my exercise level. I will continue to track my other measurements in addition to weight to see if I can lose some fat and inches doing this, too.
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Really makes sense and sounds doable. Your have such a great attitude about it!
1946 days ago
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Sounds like you have a plan! I wish you well!
1946 days ago
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Bezmaksas Online Spēles
Laipni lūgts viesi Ielogoties | Reģistrēties
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Atjautības spēles / Puzzle games
Name: Parking Hooligan 2
Description: This is not a car parking game but either a car destruction game. Launch your small car into other cars to make maximum damage.
Category: physics-games
Name: Monster Wake Up
Description: Your task is to help the little monster to hit the sleeping one. Use your mouse to make the objects solid.
Category: physics-games
Name: Boxed
Description: In this skill game your task is to move the good boxes away from the angry ones without letting them fall to ground.
Category: physics-games
Name: Jeweltasia
Description: In this puzzle game your task is to find three or more nearby jewels of the same color and remove them.
Category: Puzzle
Name: Pure Match 3 Game
Description: This is a classic match three puzzle game. Swap blocks to get a match of three or more blocks of the same color.
Category: Puzzle
Name: Moony Cat
Description: In this physics game you have to swap objects and feed the cat with the moon so the sun can come up.
Category: physics-games
Name: Troll Cannon 2
Description: Use the mouse to aim and shoot the troll. Pass a variety of puzzles and traps to get the troll to the exit.
Category: physics-games
Name: Couch Room Objects
Description: There are a huge amount of different items in this room and your task is to find the required ones within given time.
Category: hidden-object-games-online
Name: Angry Waiter Level Pack
Description: The angry waiter is back. Many more levels where to crash dishes and make maximum damage.
Category: physics-games
Name: Fossil Crush
Description: Move fossil around the board to match three or more identical fossil in a row or column to remove them.
Category: Puzzle
Name: Experiments
Description: Scientists have created a new form of live and are experimenting with it. Help the monster to get the food.
Category: physics-games
Name: Fit It Quick
Description: Move the shapes around the board in order to fit them in right spots and cover the white area.
Category: Puzzle
Name: Cake Challenge
Description: Cake Challenge is a spot the difference puzzle game where you have to find the differences in two pictures of cakes.
Category: Puzzle
Name: Easter Crazy
Description: In this puzzle game you have to help the Easter bunny to collect 4 eggs of the same color.
Category: Puzzle
Name: Food Shoot
Description: Launch different food into mouths of animals and humans. You have to remember which food each creature likes.
Category: physics-games
Name: Panda Toy Shoot
Description: Throw toy pandas in order to collect all bamboo sticks on the stage. Try to loose as little as you can pandas to make the job.
Category: physics-games
Name: Kids Math Trial
Description: This is a learning game for kids where they can learn mathematics. Pick the right answer in given time.
Category: Puzzle
Name: Gemlink
Description: In this logic game you have to connect two gems of the same color. Connect all gems on the board to complete level.
Category: Puzzle
Name: Mayan Bubbles
Description: This is a mach three bubble shooter game. Shoot bubbles into other ones to make a match of three or more identical bubbles.
Category: Puzzle
Name: Valentine Hearts Pair Match
Description: In this memory game you have to find matching Valentine items. At beginning you will see the items, so try to remember them.
Category: Puzzle
Name: Balloon Twist
Description: In this match three puzzle game you have to clear the board from balloons. Click on three balloons of the same color to remove them.
Category: Puzzle
Name: Color Zapper
Description: Shoot monsters with your color lasers. Use a variety of items, combine colors and blow up obstacles to clear the area from monsters.
Category: Puzzle
Name: Evil Toys
Description: You have got scarred by the evil toys and now you are going to shoot them all. Solve physics puzzles to succeed.
Category: physics-games
Name: Draw Gems
Description: This is quite different match thee game as in this game you have to draw the gems first. Draw bigger gems for more points.
Category: Puzzle
Name: Cat around Europe
Description: In this physics based puzzle game you have to solve a variety of puzzles in order to feed the cat.
Category: physics-games
Name: Robbed Eggs
Description: Your job is to shoot the robbed eggs back into nest. There are many obstacles in the way so aim carefully.
Category: physics-games
Name: Shape Matcher
Description: In this match three puzzle game you have to swap gems to make a match of three identical gems. Remove the black blocks to complete level.
Category: Puzzle
Name: Winter Slider
Description: This is a mach three puzzle game where you have to slide rows or columns of Christmas items to make a match and remove them from the board.
Category: Puzzle


text:
Myxer music
Written by Mia on Dec 22 2011Learn about myxer music
In this article you will find lots of information about myxer music. This page tells you all you need to know regarding myxer music, giving the knowledge you are looking for. Write a comment if you are missing something.
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Graphic designers. Partners in a Miami art studio, The Brothers Bogusky, for fifty years. One child, Alex.
Comentario publicado.
mam29 dice Beautiful book.
publicado a las 07 de ago. a las 07:28 PST
Clams dice
I first met Bill Bogusky while serving in the US Army. We were both serving out our remaining months in the Army at FT Sill, OK..While there we "terrorized" the Oklahoma College for Women in nearby Chickasha, OK....Bill was fortunate enough to meet and eventually marry his beautiful wife Dixie at OCW. I met, who I thought would be Ms. Right...Sadly she went East to a life of acadamia,, and I went back West to the music and broadcast business. Bill and Dixie ae truly two the most creative people I ever had the pleasure of knowing, and this book will prove it
Richard Kimball
Rancho Mirage, CA
publicado a las 25 de jul. a las 16:16 PST
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Panama Publicado 11 de mayo de 2010
KAUAI Publicado 05 de mayo de 2010
Panama Publicado 02 de mayo de 2010
PERU 2009 Publicado 28 de octubre de 2009
Alaska Publicado 27 de agosto de 2009
alaska Publicado 17 de agosto de 2009
RUSSIA Publicado 30 de julio de 2009
Morocco Publicado 30 de julio de 2009


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Friday "Real as Ritual" is Released!
Hello Backers,
Thought Marbles and Challenge Heaps
Hello Friends,
One tour of Italy, one glam-rock show, and one high school benefit concert later, I am able to realign my attention to the release of "Real as Ritual."... Read more
Monday, January 23rd is "Portraiture Day"
Hello Friends,
Monday, January 23rd is the official pre-release date of the entire album! Right now, we are working on the spacing in between tracks to get the pace right.... Read more
Single and B-side in 2 Hours
We're still getting the mastering perfect for the album, but I'm posting the single and the "b-side" in about 2 hours.
You will receive an email from Soundcloud -... Read more
Hours Remain...
Dear All,
As we speak - rather - as I type, the mastering is being completed! Garrett Haines of Treelady Studios in Pittsburgh has been working on the album since... Read more
Phase II: Mixdown
Happy Autumn and I hope all of you are looking forward to the Thanksgiving Holiday.
I'll be headed back to Oklahoma on Thursday, November 17 to complete the mixdown over four... Read more
Turn Heat to Low and Let Simmer for Three Months
This morning I woke to the sounds of Frank Sinatra stopping mid-recording to ask the engineer and his musical director if he was singing the melody correctly in measure 109. ... Read more
Day #5 - How it Went
Day #5: Steven came to Bell Labs for a full day of guitar work. As I mentioned in my bio, Steven was the first music composition student I met at... Read more
What Happens Now?
Ahoy Mateys!
I have returned to New York just in time for Hurricane Irene. I'm quite excited as I am a fan of severe weather - I've experienced many tornadoes,... Read more
Announcing: The DVD of the entire recording project...PLUS!!!
Hello Gracious Backers,
In the next 15 or so hours, I will be offering a Collector's DVD of the entire recording project with clips of live concert footage collected over... Read more
Video #6 - Mark V.
Mark caps off the instrumental tracks with his tasty piano chops.Also, we search for the ultimate scale.
Video #4 - Matt's Guitar Tracks
Matt brings it.
We talk about Plastics, Jesus, and The Lionel Ritchie Michael Jackson Continuum.
Day Three and Four; First and Ten
It's Tuesday and we have the day off today. There are only three days left of tracking! As of yesterday, we had begun lead and backing vocal parts. Additionally, I... Read more
A sturdy hull has been constructed. Now, First Mates Steven Stark and Matthew Alvin Brown are hoisting the mains. But first, some details about the last four days (without the... Read more
Video #3
Finishing bass, beginning acoustic guitar.Co-founder of The Fellowship Students - Matthew Alvin Brown - joins me in the studio tomorrow.
Video #1 (teaser)
Nathan talks about a good omen.
Jacob begins tracking drums for song #1 on day #1.
Day 1
It's day #1 at Bell Labs, and things are moving right along. I've been taking a lot of video footage and will be posting clips late tonight. I will also... Read more
New FAQ section added to Nathan's Kickstarter page!
Dear Friends,I have now posted an FAQ about my album. It answers many questions, including the most frequenly asked, "What is the album going to sound like?"
... Read more


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Washington at Hermann in the KLPW-AM 1220 broadcast game. Game time is scheduled for 7:00 on KLPW-AM 1220.
Elsewhere...... more
The Cardinals clinched the NL Central title on the final day of the regular season.
The MLB postseason matchups are set after the final day of the regular season.
The Rams return to work this week coming off their bye. The Rams had no game on Sunday but now look ahead to this Sunday's game against the Eagles in Philadelphia. St.
The Blues are back on home ice tomorrow night as they host Carolina in preseason action at Scottrade Center.
The contract stalemate between the Blues and forward Jason Schwartz is over. They agreed to a two-year, 4.7-million-dollar extension over the weekend.
Paul Stastny and Robby Fabbri each scored their first goals as members of the Blues, but it wasn't enough to lift St. Louis past the Dallas Stars on Saturday.
Mark Trumbo hit a pair of homers and knocked in four runs for the Diamondbacks in a 5-2 win over the Cardinals from Chase Field.
Russell Hansbrough had three touchdown runs, including a 1-yarder on fourth down with 1:36 left in the game that boosted Missouri to a 21-20 win over No.
The KLPW Radio Athlete of the Week is Sophomore Lauren Gerlemann from New Haven High School.
Back in their days, Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft were known for trust-busting. In an era of price-fixing, crony capitalism and corruption their actions helped to create more opportunities in the marketplace by creating competition.
Our nation's founders were well versed in the lessons of the history that preceded them. They knew of power's natural tendency to escalate into greater power.
So they included the Bill of Rights, based on the notion of individual self-determination.


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Favstar gets even better if you sign in.
Gift @nosulragal Favstar Pro to unlock their best tweet!Gift them Pro!
i was just fucking my ear with a q-tip and i think i broke my hymen.
unrelated: everything sounds really far away now.
i hate the term 'girlfriend material.'
Ed Gein made furniture out of 'girlfriend material.'
@GailSimone I STOLE YOU A DIAMOND BUT I ATED IT :3 #Lolcatwoman
YOU'RE IN THE WRONG NEIGHBORHOOD MOTHERFUCKER pic.twitter.com/NnNxQQM6Cx
Seriously dude, I'm not making any accusations, but where's my babyoil?
RT @TheRealMorrison: @ksorbs pic.twitter.com/SJZRc1tbG6
"Trump has some good points."
#BreakUpIn5Words @feminismvibes
@TheSpoonyOne Or he just doesn't care. pic.twitter.com/XYS4Q3VmCa
@GameGrumps @razzadoop I demand a recount! Barry obviously should have won!
@libralexi They'd have one of those little punch card deals where you get a free one after your 12th abortion.
Black kids also have the right to come home to their mothers.
@Spacekatgal OH NO IT'S HAPPENING THE WOMEN ARE TAKING OVER IT WAS ALL TRUE
@GailSimone o hai im in ur penthouse steelin ur stuff :3 #Lolcatwoman
@GailSimone "Then people would try to marry goats!" *BATARANG*
Have any of you considered the prospect that, if Andy Kaufman IS still alive, he's a stealth account on twitter, fucking with your heads?
"I decided to allow my child to choose its own sex and appearance." ~ Data, #StarTrek #TNG
Way to go, Data.
Relationship status: Fallout New Vegas Ultimate Edition
Not really. Luthor was a SUCCESSFUL businessman. https://twitter.com/NoThoughtsHere/status/633088236122935296 …
+5 CHARISMA / 20% Cooler / PSN ID: Nosul440
Like @nosulragal's tweets? Send them a Favstar Pro Membership to show you care.Gift them Pro!


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Adolescent Brain Development and Implications for Classroom Management
Mears, Derrick, Strategies: A Journal for Physical and Sport Educators
Most middle or high school physical educators can recall a similar classroom management scenario such as the following: During a class you observe a student engaging in inappropriate behavior. When confronting the student, he/she denies having done anything wrong followed by an argumentative response and attempts to divert the blame.
Managing such scenarios can be one of the most challenging parts of teaching secondary physical education. However, many of these behavioral manifestations are related to ongoing physiological and neurological changes taking place within the adolescent brain, meaning at this stage of neurological development, their brains are "broken."
The Developing Adolescent Brain
Studies using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to observe the adolescent brain have shown that during adolescence multiple changes are occurring. This can provide a potential explanation for the sporadic and seemingly unpredictable behaviors that appear (Spear, 2000). It is believed that the brain of an adolescent goes through a profound neurological reorganization. The brain goes through fluctuations in the ratio of grey matter to white matter during restructuring. Grey matter increases take place in areas undergoing reorganization, while white matter increases indicate reorganization is completed. Thus, during this process the brain develops new synaptic connections resulting in increases in grey matter. As the brain learns, the connections considered to be "correct" pathways are reinforced, while connections no longer used fade away in a process referred to as "pruning." The result is efficient sensory/motor patterns and decreases in grey matter (Jensen, 2005). This decrease of grey matter is then paralleled by an increase in white matter indicating neuron maturation (Day, Chiu, & Hendren, 2005).
Multiple areas of the brain undergo this reorganization process. Of primary concern to the secondary physical educator developing an effective classroom management plan are those taking place in the Pre-Frontal Cortex and the relationship between the Pre-Frontal Cortex and a structure deep within the brain called the Amygdala. Many behavioral characteristics exhibited by adolescents can be attributed to the interaction between these two key parts of the brain. Of its many functions, the Pre-Frontal Cortex plays a direct role in selecting behaviors, initiating appropriate social responses, and contributing to the development of short-term memory (Day, et al. 2005). Beginning at approximately age 12, this portion of the brain undergoes a large increase in grey matter production with pruning and an increase in white matter which continues into the late teens (Giedd, Blumenthal, Jefferies, Castellanos, Liu & Zijdenbos, 1999; Giedd, Blumenthal, Jefferies, Rajapakse, Vaituzias, Liu & Castellanos, 1999; Giedd, Rumsey, Castellanos, Rajapakse, Kaysen, Vaituzias & Rapoport, 1996; Giedd, Snell, Lang, Rajapakse, Kaysen, Vaituzias & Rapoport, 1996; Thompson, Giedd, Woods, MacDonald, Evans & Toga 2000).
These neurological changes can help explain the erratic behaviors and behavioral inconsistencies exhibited by an adolescent. Of primary consideration is what part of the brain the adolescent uses to process emotional stimuli. For example, when faced with an emotional crisis, the adult brain utilizes the Pre-Frontal Cortex to reason and generate an appropriate response to the situation. During adolescence the sensory-motor patterns that are controlled by the Pre-Frontal Cortex are "broken" or going through reorganization. Thus, when presented with an emotional situation, such as being confronted by a teacher concerning classroom behavior, the adolescent brain responds using a structure located near the mid-brain called the Amygdala, rather than the Pre-Frontal Cortex. The primary functions of the Amygdala are to assist in the processing of emotional stimuli and the forming and modulation of memories. …


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At one post at by blog (http://lerner.net/why-does-hot-water-freeze-faster-than-cold-water/) notice there is no line space between the lines
"Why does hot water freeze faster than cold water?"
There is a £1000 pound prize for the best answer:
I've tried editing it and adding a line break manually. The other lines are formatted ok, but I can't see why those two lines won't take space between them.
Is this a common sort of issue? I used to sometimes see stuff like this with the old fckeditor as well.


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Skip to comments.Big chill: Feds want to scour Net, media for 'hate speech'
Posted on 04/29/2014 6:05:01 AM PDT by shove_it
If two Democratic lawmakers have their way, Barack Obamas Justice Department will submit a report for action against any Internet sites, broadcast, cable television or radio shows determined to be advocating or encouraging violent acts.
This according to the text of a new bill from Sen. Ed Markey, D-Mass., and Rep. Hakeem Jeffries, D-N.Y.
The Hate Crime Reporting Act of 2014 would create an updated comprehensive report examining the role of the Internet and other telecommunications in encouraging hate crimes based on gender, race, religion, ethnicity, or sexual orientation and create recommendations to address such crimes, stated a news release from Markeys office.
The one-page bill, reviewed by WND, calls for the Justice Department and the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights to analyze information on the use of telecommunications, including the Internet, broadcast television and radio, cable television, public access television, commercial mobile services, and other electronic media, to advocate and encourage violent acts and the commission of crimes of hate.
The bill does not define which actions by broadcasters would be considered to have encouraged violence, seemingly leaving that open to interpretation.
(Excerpt) Read more at wnd.com ...
Hey. Feds. I hate your f'in guts.
I missed it when they passed the thoughtcrime and speechcrime laws.
Looking more and more like the UK everyday. They have this law in place now. Can't say anything about the Muzzies or you go to jail.
While we're busy defending the Second Amendment, the public servants are trampling the First Amendment. Freedom is under attack in America. How's that for "hate speech"? #@!$ the politicians and Adolf Hitler too!
This idea is doubleplus good.
(Photoshop help wanted)
More evidence that we are one or two generations away from losing freedom. You know that "hate speech" is going to include anything that suggests that government be cut back or spending reduced.
How about a microphone in our houses and cars?
Conservatism is hate speech, according to Democrats and the GOPe. They will go after it like the IRS has gone after Tea Party groups. They feel threatened.
Some folks seem to think the best path is to "just behave" in the hope the Fedzilla will eat them last. Not me, and I know of many like minded FReepers who have no intention of "going quietly into that dark night". (Laz, Graewulf, Jrandomfreeper to name a few.). I have no problem being first. My hope is that I give it such a serious case of indigestion it dies from it.
Why stop there, just go straight to video.
Here's my hate speech:
I agree with you with this exception. The "one or two generations" to which you refer are in the past not the future.
If you have an smartphone, pad, or computer...they already can turn them on and watch or listen to you.
Nonsense. We are losing ALL our freedoms in the next 6 to 12 months.
I do not expect to be alive this time next year.
Smart Phones!!
Leaving it wide open for any libtard to define anything it doesn't like to be hate speech.
They don't really need to legislate it at all. There are plenty of regulations that they can simply choose to enforce as they interpret them. Heck, all they need is 0bama's pen and phone for that matter.
A one page bill? It is a floating balloon waiting to be shot down. Then all they need is to go to process number one. There's plenty already on the books to apply this how they want.
Yup. That's the money quote.
but only hate speech by republicans
Look at the pass they are giving that rich basketball owner, after skewering the Bundy Ranch guy for much less
Oh and the rich basketball team owner is a democrat so all democrats must think like that (well thats what they said about Bundy and Republicans)
Guess no one is supposed to mention that Hillary is old and fat and a Communist .
I expect Free Republic will be shut down for good. That will be the beginning of the end.
We need Thought Control like we need Gun Control....
And Many libs would not see the irony in the above statement...
Ah, they finally figured out how to do the fairness doctrine. On a good note, this will go no where in the House. On a bad note, might get an edict from the palace, mandating this.
Go screw yourselves...violently.
Let's party like it's 1861
How so?Do you expect the government to come and kill you?
One or two generations? I'd would like to live where you do. Here in the USA we have already lost everything but a pretense of freedom. Your lucky where you live.
Hate Hate
(Do two Hates make a Love?)
Problem is they have a selective definition of hate. It's anything a White Christian or Jew says or does, or doesn't say or doesn't do.
Rape, murder and the knockout "game" against Whites is not defined as hate, and will continue to be actively encouraged by the government.
It's an excuse for more spying on Americans.
This is still concerning. All the more reason to make sure that conservatives carry the day in Nov 2014.
Yes. Or arrest me, which I will not accept.
Hey, shove, we are there. It's back to the future.
This will of course include rap music and latino broadcasts. /sarc
Yup. The Framers foresaw tyranny and a provided a way to stop it (Article V) but Orwell and Rand told us 60+ years ago of what the 0bamanation would be like. Hopefully we can enact the Liberty Amendments and gain Conservative control of the Legislature and White House to take back America.
I would have gone wid "Big Bro is watchin' Yo"...
Personally, I'd give us one chance in three. More tea anyone?
Nut-job Conspiracy Theory Ping!
To get onto The Nut-job Conspiracy Theory Ping List you must threaten to report me to the Mods if I don't add you to the list...
All of you Feds are going to hell, sinners. (That's code for Homo hate speech)
I consider anything said by Obama, Hillary Clinton, Harry Reid, Nancy Pelosi to be Hate Speech
"Lets party like its 1861"
The Party is Over...The best is behind us. America is Slip Sliding Away.
"Thoughtcrime is death. Thoughtcrime does not entail death. Thoughtcrime IS death. I have committed even before setting pen to paper the essential crime that contains all others unto itself."
Winston Smith, "1984"
Where is the justice and equality when the murder of one person is considered worse than that of another based on what group or class that person belongs to?
Just swell. And if they don't find what they're looking for they'll just make it up to prove you're guilty.
Did you see they are wanting to cram "Internet IDs" down all our throats....
So they want an ID that can be traced back to an actual person if you post a comment online, but it is a bridge too far to be asking for a photo ID when going to pull the lever for these tyrants every november....?????
So would linking the new "Internet ID" to "Internet Voting" be racist?
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


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|KANTOKANZAI CO., LTD. Patent applications
|Patent application number
|ECO-RESOURCE SLAG EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION SYSTEM - Slags, including the harmful-substance-containing slags, are not directly melted but are neutralized and processed into eco-resource materials, so that the slugs can be effectively utilized to purify and revive a large area of polluted water without any burden on the environment. Predetermined proportions of a non-recyclable harmful-substance-containing unused slag selected from by-product slags produced during the refining of a metal such as iron, copper, or aluminum from an ore, a porcelain clay for ceramics, and a mineral clay for ceramics, such as a quartz powder or an alumina powder, are kneaded to form a clay material with a suitable size. The clay material is burnt in a burning oven for ceramics at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined period of time so that a liquid glaze can sufficiently penetrate into the inner region of the clay material, thereby forming a biscuit clay material. A liquid glaze produced by kneading a powder made from a crushed special natural stone with a glaze for ceramics in a predetermined ratio followed by aging is applied, for example, to the biscuit clay material. As a result, a harmful-substance-containing unused slag is neutralized and used as an eco-resource filter medium.


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February 14, 2012Hey Pittsburghianites! Come see me Thursday evening!
February 13, 2012New video day!
February 12, 2012I figured I'd put this up a little early so you have time to print it. If you get a picture, 400 Internet Points to you.
February 11, 2012Oh neat, Chris Hallbeck is trying to kill himself by running 3 comics at once. Welcome to the universe, Minimumble.
February 10, 2012Here's hoping this makes sense!
Oh, and books are back in stock!
BAHFest London 2016
(Evolution Theme)
BAHFest London 2016
(Big Science Theme)


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, Volume 11, Issue 2, pp 119-135
First online:
Persistence of Simple Substances
- Markku KeinänenAffiliated withAcademy of Finland and University of TurkuDepartment of Behavioural Sciences and Philosophy, University of Turku Email author
- , Jani HakkarainenAffiliated withAcademy of Finland and University of TampereDepartment of History and Philosophy, University of Tampere
Rent the article at a discountRent now
* Final gross prices may vary according to local VAT.Get Access
In this paper, we argue for a novel three-dimensionalist (3D'ist) solution to the problem of persistence, i.e. cross-temporal identity. We restrict the discussion of persistence to simple substances, which do not have other substances as their parts. The account of simple substances employed in the paper is a trope-nominalist strong nuclear theory (SNT), which develops Peter Simons' trope nominalism. Regarding the distinction between three dimensionalism (3D) and four dimensionalism (4D), we follow Michael Della Rocca's formulation, in which 3D explains persistence in virtue of same entities and 4D in virtue of distinct entities (temporal parts). SNT is a 3D'ist position because it accounts for the persistence of simple substances in virtue of diachronically identical 'nuclear' tropes. The nuclear tropes of a simple substance are necessary for it and mutually rigidly dependent but distinct. SNT explains qualitative change by tropes that are contingent to a simple substance. We show that it avoids the standard problems of 3D: temporal relativization of ontic predication, Bradley's regress and coincidence, fission and fusion cases. The temporal relativization is avoided because of the analysis of temporary parts that SNT gives in terms of temporal sub-location, which is atemporal part–whole relation.
KeywordsPersistence Simple substances Trope
Reference tools
- Title
- Persistence of Simple Substances
- Journal
Volume 11, Issue 2 , pp 119-135
- Cover Date
- 2010-10
- 10.1007/s12133-010-0063-1
- Print ISSN
- 1437-2053
- Online ISSN
- 1874-6373
- Publisher
- Springer Netherlands
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Persistence
- Simple substances
- Trope
- Authors
- Markku Keinänen (1) (2)
- Jani Hakkarainen (3) (4)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Academy of Finland and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- 2. Department of Behavioural Sciences and Philosophy, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland
- 3. Academy of Finland and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- 4. Department of History and Philosophy, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland


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Vacations, Tanning Salon, Honeymoons, Groups


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'Sexual orientation' clause draws judge's ire
Suggested changes regarding language on "sexual orientation" in the state's Code of Judicial Conduct are inconsistent with the beliefs of Oklahomans, according to an Oklahoma County judge. "These policies are not based on laws enacted by Congress or the State Legislature, but on proposals of the liberal, pro-homosexual American Bar Association," District Judge Bill Graves wrote in a letter dated April 8 to Oklahoma Bar Association members. Graves accused an Oklahoma Bar Association committee of promoting the homosexual agenda because it proposes offering additional protection based on "sexual orientation." In the letter, Graves stated the current code of conduct already prohibits discrimination on that basis, but the new proposal could forbid judges from refusing to award children in custody and adoption cases because a person is homosexual. "Studies have shown that is detrimental to children," he wrote, adding that such issues should be determined by the Legislature. Arizona attorney Mark Harrison, who headed the American Bar Association committee that came up with the model code of conduct, denied Graves' suggestion the group is trying to advance an agenda. He said the anti-discrimination provision won unanimous support from a diverse group of judges, lawyers and academics. Graves contends the proposal also would prevent judges from being members of groups that discriminate based on "race, sex, gender, religion, national origin, ethnicity or sexual orientation." He also objected to the addition of "gender" and "ethnicity," but his biggest complaint was "sexual orientation." "Sexual orientation" would protect pedophiles, polygamists and homosexuals who practice anal sodomy, defined in state law as "the detestable and abominable crime against nature," the judge wrote. "Since homosexual groups cannot succeed in persuading the Legislature to provide such protection, they are making an end run around the constitutional lawmaking processes," Graves wrote. He noted Oklahoma voters overwhelmingly voted to ban same-sex marriage in 2004. "Obviously the people of Oklahoma do not subscribe to the homosexual agenda," the judge wrote. Graves, who spent 24 years as a state lawmaker before being elected to the bench in November 2006, declined to discuss his complaints about the proposed code of conduct for judges with The Oklahoman. The national lawyers group provided the model for Oklahoma's revised code of conduct for judges, said John Morris Williams, executive director of the Oklahoma Bar Association. "Certainly, it's not the finished product," Williams said. "It could change dramatically." Any changes to Oklahoma's conduct rules for judges must be approved by the Oklahoma Supreme Court, which passed the original code of conduct in 1974. Williams acknowledged the proposal has drawn some complaints, with some critics invited to testify before the committee. Attorney Kevin Calvey, a former state representative, said he spoke to the committee in April about what he termed a First Amendment issue. He called the new anti-discrimination measure "by far the worst public policy proposal I've ever seen." The proposal could be interpreted to include groups like the Boy Scouts, American Legion or Knights of Columbus, Calvey said. Such a rule might dissuade qualified candidates from becoming judges or cause them to avoid certain groups. Oklahoma City University law professor Paula Dalley said the proposal could be problematic under the First Amendment, but it appears any issues would be considered on a case-by-case basis. Calvey said the bar committee seemed receptive to his comments.
Model code•The American Bar Association adopted its model code of judicial conduct in February 2007, but no states have approved a revised code. Oklahoma is one of only seven states to complete a report based on that model.


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Coronation Street star Holly Quin-Ankrah has admitted that her character Cheryl Gray will be disgusted and distraught when she discovers the lies of her on-off partner Chris.
Chris (Will Thorp) has recently been pretending to be seriously ill in an attempt to win back Cheryl from Lloyd Mullaney, keeping quiet over the fact that his brain tumour has actually receded.
The game is up for Chris at the end of next week when a doctor inadvertently reveals the truth to Cheryl at the hospital. However, by this point, Cheryl has already dumped Lloyd (Craig Charles) in favour of Chris.
Quin-Ankrah told All About Soap of the plot climax: "She's shocked to discover the tumour has been shrinking and that he should make a full recovery. She's pledged her future to him based on his illness and it's been a huge lie. She can't believe Chris could sink so low.
"The thing that appals her the most is that he's lied to Russ - she thinks that's unforgivable. At that point, Cheryl knows she's lost everything and has made a huge mistake."
The actress added that she believes Cheryl is not a bad person at heart despite her recent behaviour.
She said: "Cheryl is a good person really. I know that she's deeply upset Lloyd, but she was lied to herself and, as a result of that, she's been left with no-one in her life."
Coronation Street continues tonight at 8.30pm on ITV1.
> Coronation Street Chris lie is disgusting, says Will Thorp
> Coronation Street Chris, Lloyd showdown 'won't be pretty'
> Coronation Street star Will Thorp excited over life after soap
> Coronation Street Lloyd has a breakdown, says Craig Charles
> Read more Coronation Street spoilers and news
Watch a video preview of tomorrow night's Coronation Street double bill:


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Copyright © 2016 Inns by the Sea
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when my car heats up the heater dont work. makes me think the pump is not working or the thermostat is stuck. (the thermostat is 500 miles old). i have intermitant overheating. between 242 and 214 normally then the guage will suddenlly peg out every couple 3 days
by patrick317 in Phoenix, AZ on February 14, 2012