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Setting Up Ignition Contact Points - Contact Point ConnectionWritten by on December 1, 2007 Rediscovering The Lost Art Of Replacing And Setting Up Ignition Points
There are myriad products available today designed to replace the mechanical contact points found within a conventional distributor and convert it to electronic operation. While such conversions are quite popular, there remains a large number of vintage Pontiacs occupying today's roads that still contain yesterday's technology, and they require occasional maintenance and eventual component replacement to maintain peak operating condition.
While such tasks seem relatively simple for those familiar with points-type systems, many novice hobbyists are unfamiliar with the characteristics of contact points, and consider the maintenance and replacement a science similar to quantum physics, but nothing is further from the truth. Follow along as we install a fresh set of contact points in a conventional Pontiac distributor, and prepare it for countless miles of trouble-free operation in less than an hour.
Contact Points Basics
The contact points within a conventional distributor transfer electrical current from the coil to the spark plugs, and its action is controlled by a small cam that rotates about the distributor's mainshaft. A magnetic field builds within the coil while the points are closed. The duration that the points remain closed, which is expressed in degrees of rotation, is referred to as "dwell angle." As the points open, the magnetic field collapses, and an intense electrical spark travels the air gap from the spark plug's electrode to its ground strap, igniting the compressed mixture.
As the contact points surface and plastic rub block wear during normal operation, the dwell angle changes. As dwell exceeds its specified range, spark intensity degrades (and spark advance changes), ultimately affecting emissions and performance. Periodic contact point adjustment is required to ensure that dwell angle remains within a specific range to maintain peak engine performance. Once the contact points wear beyond practical adjustment, eventual replacement is required.
Replacing The Contact Points Set
Replacing a distributor's contact points set is very straightforward. It involves nothing more than simply removing the existing assembly and installing a replacement. The required preliminary dwell adjustment that immediately follows, however, can be the most difficult portion of the swap, and that can seemingly lead to an engine without spark.
In years past, some manufacturers pre-adjusted the contact points sets during assembly, and when installed into a distributor, were found to be within a reasonable dwell range for easy engine start-up and final dwell adjustment. Many of today's contact points sets are nowhere near a reasonable dwell range, and oftentimes require physical measurement to ensure quick engine start-up. The accompanying photos show that process in detail.
An argument against contact points has often been required maintenance, but that's largely a non-issue when we consider how sparingly our vintage Pontiacs are driven today. So if you own a Pontiac that was originally equipped with a points-type distributor, and you prefer its mechanical function over an electronic conversion, expect complete contact points set replacement to take about 30 minutes and set you back around $25. After that, a slight amount of periodic preventative maintenance is typically all that's needed for thousands of miles of reliable performance.
More Photos From This Article View Slideshow
This contact points set has obviously seen better days. Though the distributor appears to have been removed from a relatively low-mile engine, it has sat dormant for quite some time, and the contact surfaces of the points set are badly corroded. A fresh set of contact points was among the items we installed in this distributor before placing it back into service.Contact points sets are available from various manufacturers, but because of limited use today, not all parts stores keep them in inventory. While the quality of some is questionable, NAPA No. CS89 is an excellent choice for most non-race applications. Retailing for around $25, it's what we regularly use when servicing conventional distributors. This distributor's condenser didn't need replacing, but NAPA No. RR175 is our choice if it did.After removing the condenser and primary wire leads from the contact points set, we removed the two small screws that secure the assembly to the breaker plate, lifted it away from the housing...With the new points set in place and the associated wiring reconnected, we proceeded with the preliminary dwell angle adjustment. We rotated the engine (which rotates the distributor) so the contact point's plastic rub block was aligned with a distributor cam lobe peak, and using a feeler gauge, adjusted the points gap to 0.019-inch.This setting should provide sufficient dwell angle to get the engine started and make the final adjustment. Before dropping the distributor back into the engine, we lightly lubricated its cam lobes with quality bearing grease.To reset dwell angle with a distributor in an engine, we would connect a dwell meter to the negative terminal on the coil and the appropriate power leads, start the engine, open the adjustment window, and make the appropriate adjustments.Factory dwell settings range between 28 and 32 degrees-we routinely set ours at around 30 and check it annually. Use caution when making under-hood adjustments-you'll receive a sharp jolt if you ground the contact points in any way. Also, remember that dwell affects ignition timing, so be sure to reset timing after making any dwell adjustment.Vintage distributor testing equipment, like this Allen Syncrograph, was specifically designed to test the entire functionality of a distributor and typically included a built-in dwell meter, vacuum pump for testing vacuum advance, and electronic strobe for testing centrifugal advance. It can make servicing a distributor much simpler, since final dwell adjustments can be performed on the machine. It also allows us to spin the distributor at high rpm, and check for any unwanted signs of high-speed points-bounce.


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Steph Dumais is a Canadian comic book artist and the creator of the ongoing sci-fi/horror series 'Zombie Commandos From Hell!'. Beyond spin-offs of his main series, he has done work for Mirage Studio's 'Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles' between 2005 and 2009, collaborated with author Douglas Rushkoff for the psychedelic graphic novel 'Club Zero G' (Disinfo Press, 2004) and has contributed short stories for various British, Canadian and American anthologies, magazines and fanzines. He lives in a Montreal subburb with his musical girlfriend and his daughter. Currently working for an ad agency, he also freelances in illustration.
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Maroon 5 Cancel North Carolina ShowsThe band is protesting the state's controversial bathroom laws.
Adam Levine, Andy Samberg Perform 'I'm So Humble'The satire gets at a core contradiction in pop music.
The Voice Recap: Carson Daly Reveals The Top 11Find out who was spared by the Twitter Instant Save!
Adam Levine and Behati Prinsloo are Selling Their Soho LoftIf you have $5.5 millon dollars, the one bedroom, two bathroom loft can be yours.
The Voice Recap: Team Christina & Team Blake Compete In The Live Playoffs!It's hard to believe this talented pack of 20 singers will be narrowed down to just 12 tomorrow night!
Adam Levine Shares 'Go Now' Music VideoThe track was recorded for the soundtrack to the new film Sing Street.
The Voice Recap: Miley Cyrus Continues To Impress Carson Daly During The Knockout Rounds"She's also just fearless on TV...and that's great because it just yields this strong, solid, confident person trying to help these artists out."
The Voice Recap: Miley Cyrus Advises The Knockout RoundsCyrus will join the panel as a coach next season, but first, she's getting her feet wet as an adviser for this crop of artists.
The Voice Recap: Team Christina Brings It For The Battle RoundsChristina Aguilera has a good shot at becoming the first female coach to ever win 'The Voice', based on how her team is performing so far.
Adam Levine and Behati Prinsloo are ExpectingThis will be the couple's first child.
The Voice Recap: Christina Aguilera Duets With Joe Maye During Blind AuditionsWithout any warm-up or practice, Maye and Aguilera belted out a sultry performance!
The Voice Recap: Season 10 Blind Auditions Begin!Carson's all fired up for the premiere of season 10! Listen to his recap!


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Run Leif to Leif, meet Vikings and join in a Pickled Herring Taste-off at Tastes of Norway/Norwegian Cultural and Heritage Day in Ballard on Saturday.
Start the day Norwegian flag in hand, provided at the starting line of the Leif to Leif run/walk. The event goes from the Leif Erikson bust at the Leif Erikson Lodge festival site to the Leif Erikson statue at Port of Seattle/Shilshole Bay.
Accordions will be on hand, of course, during all-day entertainment that features a Bunad parade of folk costumes representing regions of Norway at 1 p.m., the Norwegian Male Chorus celebrating 125 years of song at 11 a.m., TinnFelen Hardanger Fiddle Ensemble and more.
Artists demonstrate traditional crafts including knitting, rug-tying, embroidery, woodcarving and rosemaling, a traditional elaborate painting style popular in Norway since the 1700s. Have some smørbrød (open face sandwiches), erte suppe (pea soup) and rømmegrøt (cream porridge) and save room for kransekake, krumkake, vaffler and lefse for dessert, along with demonstrations on how they're made.
- Students seeking sugar daddies for tuition, rent
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There will be vendors, raffles, crafts and games for kids all day, genealogy researchers to help you learn about your Norwegian ancestors, and many Norwegian organizations including festival hosts Sons of Norway and Vikings from the Kingdom of AnTir describing details of life in their heyday from the years 800 to the 1100s.
Sunday, entertainment, activities and food from French-speaking cultures around the world star at French Fest, hosted by France Education Northwest at Seattle Center Armory.
Performances include Tahitian dance, Louisiana Cajun music, French Canadian tunes, North African music, gypsy jazz and traditional French songs. Several local French organizations host kids' activities and seminars on French-speaking cultures around the world and hold traditional dictées (French spelling bees) hosted by local language schools.
Vote for your favorite bakery in the Best Baguette Competition, see chef demos and stop by the international bistro for a Louisiana fried oyster po'boy, sandwich Parisien, moules frites (sautéed mussels with fries) and other French treats.
Both these events are free and all ages are welcome.
Madeline McKenzie: email@example.com


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Submit a new Web site for review and accepted updates will be published to the site.
Britannica Web sites
Articles from Britannica encyclopedias for elementary and high school students.
- metropolitan area - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)
A major city together with its suburbs and nearby cities, towns, and environs over which the major city exercises a commanding economic and social influence is known as the metropolitan area. Literally construed, metropolis from the Greek means "mother city," and by implication there are progeny or dependents scattered about the core area. Sometimes there may be two or more major cities, as in the Tokyo-Yokohama Metropolitan Area (Japan) or an agglomeration of metropolitan boroughs as in Greater London (England). The U.S. Census employs a unit called a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) which includes either (1) a city with a population of at least 50,000 or (2) an urbanized area of at least 50,000 population with a total metropolitan population of at least 100,000 (75,000 in New England). An urbanized area is defined as having a population of at least 50,000, and a population density of at least 1,000 per square mile.


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[This message edited by simplydevastated at 3:54 PM, November 5th (Tuesday)]
MH added a couple new things today including a larger text area for us to type in
My tolerance for stupid shit is getting less and less.
Thanks so much, MH.
p.s. the preview button is AWESOME! Of course, when I previewed found a mistake. Maybe I won't have to edit after the fact so much now.
p.s.s. when I previewed my p.s. found another mistake. This can go on forever with me.
"Oh, why do my actions have consequences?" ~ Homer Simpson
"She knew my one weakness: That I'm weak." ~ Homer Simpson
totally leaving that.
Hey, second time today you got me lol, rebreather!
"The dark does not destroy the light; it defines it." - Brene Brown
So....that's embarrassing
Trust is like paper. Once it's crumpled it can never be perfect again.
In my effort to be *concise*, I often come off as blunt and harsh. Sorry, don't mean to be offensive.
2 boys: 8 and 9.5
baby: on the way
You are just lucky there isn't an image of my big box!
Ummm.... I.... oh god...


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My younger brother had his backpack stolen from his car on Euclid Ave on May 7th. The backpack contained a hard drive that had photos of our father who recently passed away. The hard drive is very important to my family and if found, we will not ask any questions or press charges when it is returned.The backpack is all black, had the letter S on it, and the word basketball written on it.In order to receive the reward, we will need proof that the photos are still on the hard drive.Than you!Contact: 860-559-5567 or firstname.lastname@example.com
Web Id: SYR15210675
Published on Syracuse.com 5/8. Updated 5/8.
Post a competition or participate in one!Keep abreast of what's going on in the area. Post competitions (weekend warriors, casual or pros) or find out what's going on. It's a TGIF mindset to get off one's behind and compete. Get your game on!Become a member of a Facebook group if you have any competitions coming up. It's for the Oswego, Onondaga, and Madison counties and is for any and all competitions or tournaments for any activity, sport or game.The goal is to let people know so they can plan their participation. Hoops, golf, fund raising tourneys, X-Box, chess, bowling, tiddlywinks, whatever you like to participate in. Face-book Search groups for TGIFtournaments and join. Spread the word and compete.
Web Id: SYR15204943
Published on Syracuse.com 5/5. Updated 5/5.
Please add to your event calendar:ANNUAL RUMMAGE SALESt. John's Episcopal Church, Marcellus, NYcorner of Orange & Maple StreetsSaturday, May 21, 20169am-3pmPlease use Maple Street Entrance Questions, call Donna: 673-4234Partial proceeds will be donated to the Jan Smith Fund at KCH Elementary School
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Published on Syracuse.com 5/4. Updated 5/4.
VFW Post 153 50 Salina Street, Baldwinsville, NYSunday May 15, 2016 Breakfast Buffet from 8:30 to 11:30Seniors $7 Adults $8 Family $22 (two adults, 2 children) Children $5 (over 5); under 5 are free Scrambled eggs, pancakes, French toast, bacon, sausage, hash browns, fresh corned beef hash, sausage gravy and biscuits, loaded potatoes O'Brien, coffee, tea, juice, fruit and cereal.The Breakfast Buffet is held the third Sunday of every month from September thru May. Please come and join us for a wonderful meal while you help us support our local veterans.
Web Id: SYR15186220
Published on Syracuse.com 4/30. Updated 4/30.
Jonas Nordwall May 22 Baldwinsville UMC 17 Genesee St. 2:30 Organist Workshop New Ways to Orchestrate Accompaniments making your playing more Orchestral. 4:30 Pops Organ Concert includes Bach Fugues and Stanley Trumpet tunes to John Williams Star Wars, Superman, Harry Potter and much more. Free Event. For workshop reservations and general information call Wayne Skinner@ 313-454-3823.
Web Id: SYR15174627
Published on Syracuse.com 4/27. Updated 4/27.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQjnOvJmdaw Alba FC is offering you the best soccer Training System for Player Development. Boys & Girls. Advance classes will allow participants the opportunity to improve technical and tactical skills. Participants will be able to put these skills to use in small sided soccer games. The Pyramid of Player Development: BALL MASTERY - Exercises where each player works alone with a ball at repetitions using both feet. RECEIVING & PASSING - Exercises to improve a player's first touch, so important at all levels, and to encourage and teach accurate and creative passing. MOVES (1 V 1) - Exercises and games that teach game - winning individual moves that can create space against the most packed of defenses. SPEED - Exercises and games that improve acceleration, running with and without the ball and change of pace. FINISHING - Exercises and games that teach technique and encourage instinctive play. GROUP ATTACK - Exercises and games that improve small - group combination play with emphasis on fast break attack. The Pyramid Approach combined with the Coerver Coaching philosophy of graduated pressure allows players to quickly gain confidence and progress through the interconnected levels of the game. Space for the clinic is limited, to participate, please e-mail your child's name and age to firstname.lastname@example.com or contact coach Mateo at (347) 610 – 0879. www.albafc.webs.com
Web Id: SYR9543620
Published on Syracuse.com 1/13. Updated 5/11.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQjnOvJmdaw Bronx Youth Soccer Association - Clubs - Alba FC, Boys & Girls. Alba FC (soccer club) is looking for young talented soccer players, ages 7 to 12. Our goal is to create a number of strong soccer teams to compete in various soccer tournaments. We are committed in helping each player reach their full potential by providing personal attention, skill development, and quality instructions.We start them on the right path, set their dream in motion, fire up their imagination, and leave them empowered to reach these goals. Our coaches are master teachers whose demonstrations include demanding instruction, step-by-step clarification, and playful joking to bring out the most sensitive technical points for all players to grasp and imitate.Any questions, comments or suggestions contact coach Mateo at 347 610 0879 email@example.com http://alba-soccer.webs.com http://albafc.webs.com
Web Id: SYR9543591
Published on Syracuse.com 12/15. Updated 5/11.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQjnOvJmdaw Alba FC (Soccer Club) invites all eligible, U7 through U12 boys and girls to join us at open tryouts! Our tryouts will be held every Monday, Wednesday and Thursday from 4:30 pm to 7:00 pm @ Ferry Point Park located at 299 Hutchinson River Pkwy, Bronx NY, 10465 (next to Whitestone Bridge exit. 18). Parents of prospective players are asked to email us with their intention to join us for tryouts at firstname.lastname@example.com Please include the players name, age and telephone number. Why choose Alba FC?...because At Alba FC, our players are trained by an elite staff made up of trainers and coaches that formerly competed or coached at a professional level. We believe that every child deserves the opportunity to play at their best and be part of a club that supports and encourages each and every player to strive to reach maximum potential both as a competitor and a person. The tryouts are run in an open session and your child will have the opportunity to train with our teams and trainers. There is NO FEE for tryouts. Here at Alba FC, we're not just a soccer Club, we're a family. We understand that the choice to join a new club can be filled with many questions and concerns and we welcome the opportunity to discuss any questions you may have with our directors and staff. Please bring a ball and water to your tryout. Shinguards are MANDATORY. Please contact us at email@example.com with any questions. Tel. 347 610 0879 http://albafc.webs.com http://alba-soccer.webs.com
Web Id: SYR9543602
Published on Syracuse.com 8/18. Updated 5/11.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQjnOvJmdaw Alba FC is dedicated to promoting youth soccer and the positive aspects that team sports play in the development of our children. Alba FC is open to all children ages 4 through 14. Our program is designed to introduce the sport of soccer to youngsters living in communities not yet served by existing clubs or leagues. We offer recreational & travel programs to familiarize kids with basic rules and fundamentals followed by controlled scrimmages. We are committed in helping each kid reach their full potential by providing personal attention, skill development, and quality instructions. Our objective is to help all players reach their highest potential. We start them on the right path, set their dreams in motion, fire up their imagination, and leave them empowered to reach those goals. Creating a warm atmosphere for children and seeing as role models, our coaches are exemplarily good leaders for our program. For further information call: 347 610-0879 email@example.com http://alba-soccer.webs.com http://albafc.webs.com Girls in soccer- girl soccer teams-girls soccer league-girls soccer clubs- girls soccer camps-girls soccer team - Alba FC (Soccer Club). Bronx soccer club. Girls & Boys Soccer Clinics. Travel & recreational programs.
Web Id: SYR9543500
Published on Syracuse.com 8/18. Updated 5/11.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQjnOvJmdaw Learn how to play soccer and have fun.A unique camp to teach and develop soccer skills in a fun and wholesome environment all year around. Every 5 weeks we start a new program. If you miss this session you can join the next one. Saturdays Boys & Girls Kg - 8th Grade. Location: PS 304, 2750 LAFAYETTE AVENUE, BRONX, NY 10465. Registration is limited first come first serve. To register E-mail all your Child's information First & Last name, address, phone #, date of birth, E-mail address, school's name and Parent's name to:email@example.com 5 Weeks Program fee...$130.00. For further information call:347 610-0879. http://atsoccer.webs.com Mission Statement At-Stathi Indoor Soccer School has a mission to provide the girls and boys of the Bronx and surrounding communities with a more affordable and still competitive sports organization that allows them to excel and grow as players and people. To coaches, AISS offers the opportunity to lead a team in a non-political and liberal environment with sole focus on the kids development as soccer players. We support youth soccer in the Bronx as a medium to enhance children's confidence and leadership skills, promote teamwork, and contribute to a brighter future for them. Combining the benefits of soccer and schooling, (AISS) partners with Bronx communities to improve opportunities for Bronx schoolchildren. Each year the league provides a venue for over 500 kids to participate in both recreational and competitive soccer programs. ASA is open to all children ages 4 through 14 in the Bronx community. Our program is designed to introduce the sport of soccer to youngsters living in communities not yet served by existing clubs or leagues. At-Stathi Indoor Soccer School Instructional/Recreational program run all year long. AISS program is open to all kids including beginners and non-travel players. We offer 45 minutes of instruction to familiarized kids with basic rules and fundamentals followed by controlled scrimmages. Classes meet once a week. We are committed in helping each kid reach their full potential by providing personal attention, skill development, and quality instructions. Soccer builds self-confidence, discipline while having fun & exercise in building a strong foundation and character. Our emphasis is on FUN basic soccer. Our objective is to help each player reach their highest potential. We start them on the right path,set their dream in motion, fire up their imagination,and leave them empowered to reach those goals. Coach Mateo and his staff are master teachers whose demonstrations include demanding instruction, step-by-step clarification, and playful joking to bring out the most sensitive technical points for them to grasp and imitate. Our goal is to produce a skillful player - one who can respond intuitively to any game situation with the right technique and skill while at the same time make the correct tactical decision under pressure with speed, flair, and imagination.
Web Id: SYR6835154
Published on Syracuse.com 8/18. Updated 5/11.
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VocabularySpellingCity has the tools middle school teachers need to help students learn and understand a wide range of vocabulary words. At the middle school level, students are expected to take more charge of their own education through goal setting and self-regulation. VocabularySpellingCity's Premium Membership allows students to keep track of what activities they've completed and how they are progressing, helping them grow toward this new independence.
Importing Word Lists to your Account
Each subject has a page with ready-made lists that have been organized by grade or by sub-topic:
VocabularySpellingCity also offers a series of Geography lists that include state capitals and countries by continent. Each list has an "import" link next to it that will automatically transfer that list to your account when clicked. Go to "List Management" (in the Teacher Toolbox on the top right of the screen) to view all of the lists you have imported and/or created. If you have a premium account, you can assign lists and activities to individual students.
Creating Word Lists and Printable Worksheets
If you have a specific word list in mind, it is as easy as copy and paste to create your own customized list! Once published, your lists can be automatically loaded into VocabularySpellingCity's games and learning activities, and most can even be transferred to printable worksheets for offline practice. Learn more about printing VocabularySpellingCity activities.
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VocabularySpellingCity lets middle school students practice vocabulary, spelling, and parts of speech in a way that is engaging and keeps them on task. Fun interactive games like Flash Cards motivate 'tweens and teens in middle school to do their work, since it's so enjoyable. Using the middle school vocabulary list, these games, activities, and middle school vocabulary worksheets help students to achieve the Common Core State Standards set forth for their grade levels. Whether they need to learn grammar, words related to literature, math words, or middle school science vocabulary, the games and activities help build their skills and comprehension.
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Sam Falkner's Weblog Sam Falkner's Weblog https://blogs.oracle.com/samf/feed/entries/atom 2008-11-14T14:54:10+00:00 Apache Roller https://blogs.oracle.com/samf/entry/nnodes nnodes samf 2008-11-14T14:54:10+00:00 2008-11-14T22:54:10+00:00
 Traditionally, NFS has always been able to share an ordinary file system, and thus has always dealt with vnodes. With the advent of Parallel NFS (pNFS), which has stripes of data distributed across multiple servers, this is no longer the case. The initial implementation of pNFS uses the DMU API provided by ZFS to store its stripe data. The pNFS protocol also requires that a server community support proxy i/o; that is, a client must be able to perform all i/o against one server, and if the data requested is on another node, then the server must perform the i/o by proxy. Neither the DMU nor proxy i/o are accessed via vnodes.

 Another change brought by pNFS is the distributed nature of the server. What has always been confined to a single server is now distributed over multiple servers. This necessitates a control protocol, for communication among the server nodes, and implies that some server tasks may have longer latencies than before. In pathological cases, e.g. a server reboot of one particular server, the latencies may be very high. This will likely require new ways that the NFS server is implemented, and it will become advantageous for the NFS server code to use new APIs, APIs with different design goals from vnodes. Asynchronous methods become more desirable, to deal with the new latencies involved with processing client requests.

 Enter nnodes. nnodes can be thought of as vnodes, but customized for the needs of NFS (especially pNFS), and with three distinct ops-vector/private-data sections. The figure below shows an NFS server implementation interacting with an nnode that is backed by a vnode.

 The fact that the nnode has the three distinct sections for data, metadata, and state, makes it easy to mix and match commonly needed implementations. Here are some examples:

 	data	metadata	state

Traditional shared file system	vnode	vnode	rfs4_db

pNFS metadata server	proxy i/o	vnode	rfs4_db

pNFS data server	DMU	not applicable	proxy to MDS

 But this is just the beginning. There will doubtless be more constructions in the future.

 nnodes also serve as a place to cache or store information relevant to a file-like object. For example, in the pNFS data server, we can cache stateids that are known to be valid. Thus, the data server will not need to contact the metadata server on every i/o operation.

 Today I have been writing a more verbose comment header for the header file "nnode.h". Look for it in our repository soon.
 https://blogs.oracle.com/samf/entry/goodbye_manpath goodbye MANPATH samf 2008-05-25T22:18:23+00:00 2008-05-26T05:18:23+00:00
 I don't usually blog about every config file change I make, but here's one I'm particularly happy with, as it's removing a kludge. This is a change made to my zsh configuration that only runs on Solaris:

 - -# Sun's annoying man command... - -manpath=(/usr/share/man) - -for dir in $path -do - mdir=${dir%/\*}/man - test -d $mdir && manpath=($manpath $mdir) -done

 I was happy to play a very small roll in this putback to Nevada.

 Thanks Mike!
 https://blogs.oracle.com/samf/entry/smcup_rmcup_hate smcup/rmcup: hate samf 2008-04-02T11:00:00+00:00 2008-04-02T18:00:00+00:00
 Some terminals have the capability to save and restore themselves. Some programs take advantage of this, so that when you exit the program, your screen is restored to its previous state. In terms of terminfo, these capabilities are known as smcup and rmcup.

 I hate this. Hate.

 Let's say you want to run a command, but want to look at its man page first. The man command sends its output to your $PAGER, which is less. The less command saves/restores your screen. So, you scroll to exactly the example you want: perfect! You hit 'q' to quit... and the example is erased. Hate. Many more examples are possible, but you get the idea.

 Here's how I eradicate this in my world. I use this on Solaris 10 and 11, and MacOS 10.4 and 10.5. Your mileage will probably vary, but feel free to give it a try. It's in my .zshrc file, so it's using zsh's builtin "[[" and "]]" operators, as well as "$(command)". If this fails for you, you can probably just replace "[[" with "[", "]]" with "]", and "$(command)" with "`command`".

 TERMINFO="/tmp/$(id -un)-terminfo-$(uname -s)" export TERMINFO if [[ ! -d $TERMINFO ]]; then mkdir -p $TERMINFO infocmp | sed -e 's/smcup.\*,//' -e 's/rmcup.\*,//' -e '/\^[ \\t]\*$/d' \\ > $TERMINFO/fixed sed -e '1d' -e '3,$d' < $TERMINFO/fixed | grep -w $TERM >/dev/null 2>&1 if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then mv $TERMINFO/fixed $TERMINFO/broken sed -e "2s/\^/$TERM|/" < $TERMINFO/broken > $TERMINFO/fixed fi tic $TERMINFO/fixed fi
 https://blogs.oracle.com/samf/entry/using_smf_to_make_dtrace Using SMF to make DTrace a better printf replacement samf 2008-03-13T14:15:38+00:00 2008-03-13T21:15:38+00:00
 When DTrace was introduced, life got much easier for kernel developers. For example, it became very easy to check if and when a certain function was being called. Before DTrace, if a debugger breakpoint was too heavy, we would often use printf()s. With DTrace, no more recompile/reboot!

 Sure enough, one thing often discussed in the hallways was, "Yea! No more printf()s!" Yet I still find myself using printf()s. Not as often, certainly, and not in as many situations, but they haven't disappeared.

 I think the reason I still use printf()s is that printf()s are "always on". With a printf() in the kernel, all output goes to /var/adm/messages. For example, if I'm writing bleeding edge code, I'd like to know if a certain routine fails. The routine might work at first, then fail a week later. With a printf(), I can always go back and look to see what happened. With DTrace, it's only there if I was running my script.

 If only there were a way that I could use DTrace instead. If DTrace were always running on my development box, I wouldn't miss those unexpected things, and I wouldn't find myself wishing I had had a printf() at some point. If only there were some facility to start a D script, so that you wouldn't forget to launch it every day when you start working... Duh. Use SMF!

An SMF service to run a D script

 You can find an SMF manifest for running a D script as a service here. You write a script, point this service at the script, enable via smf, and the script is always running! Output goes to /var/adm/messages via syslog.

 Here's how to use it (you can also read these steps in the manifest itself):

 Download the file and save it in /var/svc/manifest/application/dtsyslog.xml

 # svccfg import /var/svc/manifest/application/dtsyslog.xml

 Write a script that you would like to run all the time. Put it somewhere, e.g. in /var/tmp.

 # svccfg

 svccfg> select dtsyslog

 svccfg> editprop

 Look for the line that says
# setprop script/path = astring: /path/to/D/script
 Uncomment this line, and change "/path/to/D/script" to point to the path of your script.

 svccfg> quit

 #svcadm refresh dtsyslog

 #svcadm enable dtsyslog

Example

 Let's try an example. Suppose I want to know when nfs4_setattr() is being called. Let's make a script:

 #! /usr/sbin/dtrace -s #pragma D option quiet fbt::nfs4_setattr:entry { printf("setattr called on %s\\n", stringof(args[0]->v_path)); }

 Note the "#pragma" line: there is a way with the SMF properties that we could have passed a "-q" option to dtrace, but I prefer the pragma, as it makes the script more self contained. So, we store this file as /var/tmp/logger.d, and use svccfg to set the script/path property, and enable, and we're good to go!

 burr/3/\* echo hello > foo burr/4/\* chmod 666 foo burr/5/\* tail /var/adm/messages Mar 13 14:02:50 burr pseudo: [ID 129642 kern.info] pseudo-device: fbt0 Mar 13 14:02:50 burr genunix: [ID 936769 kern.info] fbt0 is /pseudo/fbt@0 Mar 13 14:02:50 burr pseudo: [ID 129642 kern.info] pseudo-device: systrace0 Mar 13 14:02:50 burr genunix: [ID 936769 kern.info] systrace0 is /pseudo/systrace@0 Mar 13 14:02:50 burr pseudo: [ID 129642 kern.info] pseudo-device: profile0 Mar 13 14:02:50 burr genunix: [ID 936769 kern.info] profile0 is /pseudo/profile@0 Mar 13 14:02:50 burr pseudo: [ID 129642 kern.info] pseudo-device: lockstat0 Mar 13 14:02:50 burr genunix: [ID 936769 kern.info] lockstat0 is /pseudo/lockstat@0 Mar 13 14:21:38 burr dtsyslog: [ID 702911 daemon.notice] setattr called on /home/samf/foo burr/6/\*

Other Possibilities

 You will likely want to edit your D script from time to time. When you do, just edit the script, and invoke "svcadm restart dtsyslog" to pick up the changes.

 If you wish to have more than one script, you can easily create multiple instances of the dtsyslog service. Look at the man page for svccfg. Just edit the script/path property for each instance.

 You can control the output via /etc/syslogd.conf. The messages are coming as daemon.notice by default, but you can also configure that via svccfg.

 I hope you find this useful!
 https://blogs.oracle.com/samf/entry/nfs4trace_a_new_direction nfs4trace: a New Direction samf 2007-05-23T13:00:00+00:00 2007-05-23T20:01:15+00:00
 My previous DTrace provider for NFS has been floundering, due to a needed design change, and my priorities with pNFS. Fortunately, a new design is being worked by two engineers recently assigned to the project.

 It's been a while since my last entry. Yes, quite a while... In the mean time, I've been hard at work on pNFS, which is a top priority for both myself and my employer. But that's not to say that a DTrace provider for NFS isn't important. So why the slip?

 Besides the heavy emphasis that pNFS has in my priorities, it was determined that a fundamental design decision in my previous provider imposed too much of a burden when the probes were not enabled. Adam was very helpful in pointing out the general problems, and in working with me to come up with a new design that would have no impact on the kernel when the probes were not enabled.

 The good news was that Adam's design was easier to implement than the work I had already started. The bad news was that I lost momentum, starting from scratch at a time when I was working overtime on pNFS. But more good news: there are now a couple of great engineers in Beijing who have started working on the next incarnation: Colin Yi and John Cui!

New Design

 As I hinted above, the new design is more simple than the old. The new design is based on the sdt provider, and the sdt_subr.c code that makes a grouping of sdt probes into a virtual provider. Translators written in D will make the arguments as friendly as they were in the old provider.

 One disadvantage of the new design is that the function slot of the probe cannot be customized the way it was in the old provider. Here is an example of the same probe in both the old provider and the new provider, and note that the exact syntax is subject to change:

old	new

nfs4s::op-read:done	 nfs4s:::op-read-done

 I left out the slots of the probes that are unhelpful, for example, the module name (which is always "nfssrv"). But note that the function slot is missing in the new provider. That is because that due to the nature of using sdt probes, the function slot is literally the function in the kernel from which the probe fires. This knowledge of our particular implementation is exactly the kind of thing that the NFS provider wants to abstract away, so it's going to be skipped in your typical D script.

 Losing the function slot of the probe seemed like a problem at first. One reason we liked the old scheme was that it made this sort of thing possible:

 nfs4s::op-\*:done { @[probefunc] = count(); }

 Which, in the new scheme, is possible like this:

 nfs4s:::op-\*-done { @[substr(probename, 0, rindex(probename, "-"))] = count(); }

 Once you get used to the new scheme, it isn't really much of a problem. And the benefits of SDT far outweigh this small inconvenience.

 As mentioned above, the old provider inflicted a performance penalty, however small, on a kernel without any probes enabled. A function pointer was called before and after events to be probed, e.g., after the server had processed a request. When the provider was not active, this function pointer pointed to a no-op function. This alone was questionable, but when the provider was loaded, the function pointer led to a function that had to do a small amount of processing to determine whether each given probe was active or inactive.

 The new design eliminates this overhead entirely. The SDT provider does its enabling and disabling of probes directly in machine code. Once the probes are enabled, it does less work in the kernel and more work in translators, which is also beneficial. It's a more simple design, and will be easier to maintain.

 Other changes will be made in the arguments, to make them more consistent with other providers, e.g. an iscsi target provider.

Next Steps

 I have taken down the archives and example scripts that were available on the  opensolaris.org project page, since these are no longer helpful toward understanding the provider that is currently being worked on. Look for new content to replace the old in the future!
 https://blogs.oracle.com/samf/entry/nfs4trace_release_all_ops_covered nfs4trace release: all ops covered! samf 2006-06-08T08:44:19+00:00 2006-06-08T15:49:41+00:00
 I have just pushed a  new release of the  DTrace provider for NFSv4. This is in fact the second release I've made -- the first release didn't get a blog entry. You can be sure to see all releases by watching the announcements section of the  nfs4trace project. An RSS feed can be had here: http://www.opensolaris.org/rss/os/project/nfs4trace/announcements/rss2.xml

 This release is based on  Nevada build 41. I mention this so that you will know what bugs and bug fixes are present in this release. The release is in the form of  bfu archives, so follow the usual procedure to install them.

New Features

 This release of nfs4trace provides a set of probes for every NFSv4 operation. There is an overarching probe for the compound op, called "op-compound". Each op within a compound has its own probe, e.g. "op-lookup".

 For every probe, args[0] is a pointer to a nfs4_dtrace_info_t. This has the following fields:

field	what	comment

 dt_xid 	 RPC transaction ID 	 you can use this to correlate "start" with "done"

 dt_cr 	 pointer to the credential structure used for this operation 	 use args[0]->dt_cr->cr_uid to get the user ID

 dt_tag 	 NFSv4 tag field associated with this over-the-wire call 	 this is entirely implementation defined, and is meant simply to be human readable

 dt_status 	 the status of the entire compound operation

 dt_addr 	 the IP address of the "other end" of the request 	 for a client, the "other end" is the server; for a server, the "other end" is the client

 dt_netid 	 the network ID of the "other end" of the request 	 network ID will be either "tcp" for IPv4 or "tcp6" for IPv6.

 Besides the normal compound operations, there is a probe for all callback-related operations. The probe "cb-compound" is analagous to "op-compound", but covers the callback channel. Each operation within a callback, e.g. OP_CB_GETATTR, also has a probe -- for this example, "cb-getattr".

 To see a complete list of all probes, run dtrace -P nfs4c -l for client probes, and dtrace -P nfs4s -l for server probes.

What's Left?

 Eventually, there will be probes for every nontrivial attribute, which will fire regardless of which operation is using them. But not all of these attributes are accounted for yet. Stay tuned.

 What else is left? Your feedback will help decide this! Please try this, and let me know if you have any input. Thanks!
 https://blogs.oracle.com/samf/entry/smf_manifest_for_perforce_p4d SMF Manifest for Perforce samf 2006-02-09T11:00:00+00:00 2006-02-09T16:58:40+00:00
 If you want to run a Perforce server from Solaris 10 or greater, you should be using SMF instead of /etc/init.d scripts or inetd. I haven't seen a SMF manifest for a Perforce server as of yet; so, I created one. It handles p4d (the main server) and p4p (the proxy server).

 You can grab it from here:  http://blogs.sun.com/roller/resources/samf/perforcexml.txt

 The manifest itself has a quick "cheat sheet" to run either p4d (the "main" server) or p4p (the proxy server). But let's look at the more correct way to configure and run the services, and then we'll look at how to run multiple instances of the services.

Importing the manifest and configuring a default instance

 First, let's take the downloaded "perforcexml.txt" file and put it in its proper place; then import it into SMF. Assume you've saved perforcexml.txt in /tmp.

 # cd /var/svc/manifest/application # mv /tmp/perforcexml.txt ./perforce.xml # chown root:sys perforce.xml # chmod 644 perforce.xml # svccfg import perforce.xml

 Notice that we didn't edit perforce.xml. Now, let's configure it from within SMF. We'll make the following assumptions:

The "p4d" and "p4" executables are in /usr/local/perforce/bin.

The perforce user with administrative privileges is named "bob". This is a perforce user -- not the same thing as a login in /etc/passwd.

The root of the perforce repository is /var/perforce.

We'll take the default for all other parameters, e.g. the tcp port number.

 # svccfg svc:> select p4d svc:/application/perforce/p4d> editprop

 editprop throws us into $EDITOR, your favorite editor. From here, we make the following changes:

 # Property group "executables" # delprop executables # addpg executables application setprop executables/client = astring:"/usr/local/perforce/bin/p4" setprop executables/server = astring:"/usr/local/perforce/bin/p4d" # Property group "options" # delprop options # addpg options application # setprop options/journal = astring: (journal) # setprop options/port = astring: (1666) setprop options/adminuser = astring:"bob" setprop options/root = astring:"/var/perforce"

 The lines that we changed are the lines that are now uncommented. Save and quit your editor.
 svc:/application/perforce/p4d> quit # svcadm refresh p4d

 We're ready! Make sure that /var/perforce is owned by daemon (the login that will actually be running the p4d daemon), and kick it off.

 # chown daemon /var/perforce # svcadm enable p4d # svcs -x #

 Woohoo! No problems! If there had been a problem, "svcs -x" would have shown it. Test a perforce client against the server. If there are any problems, check "svcs -x" again.

 The usual caveats apply: if you kill p4d, or run "p4 admin stop", SMF will immediately restart p4d. To stop the p4d server correctly, run "svcadm disable p4d". This will correctly shut down p4d (via "p4 admin stop").

Starting a second instance on the same machine

We can use SMF to start another Perforce repository on the same machine. The two instances can be administered separately (e.g. one can be taken down while the other one is active).

 For the second instance, we'll assume the following:

The root directory of its Perforce repository is /var/altperforce.

The administrative user is "carl".

We will use tcp port 1667 (since 1666 was already taken by the first server).

In SMF terms, the second instance will be called "alt". The first one was called "default". The name of the first doesn't matter as much until you create a second.

 When creating the second instance, we will want to borrow some of the properties from the default instance. The "editprop" command comes in handy here. If your favorite editor allows you to save a range of lines, then you can save the relevant section to a temporary file.
 # svccfg svc:> select p4d svc:/application/perforce/p4d> editprop

 Now we save the following lines into a temporary file:

 # Property group "options" # delprop options # addpg options application # setprop options/journal = astring: (journal) # setprop options/port = astring: (1666) # setprop options/adminuser = astring: (bob) # setprop options/root = astring: (/var/perforce)

 Now quit your editor, and we'll create the new instance.

 svc:/application/perforce/p4d> add alt svc:/application/perforce/p4d> select alt svc:/application/perforce/p4d:alt> editprop

 We will see the following:

 select svc:/application/perforce/p4d:alt

 Now read the temporary file into your editor, and edit it to look like this:

 select svc:/application/perforce/p4d:alt # Property group "options" # delprop options addpg options application # setprop options/journal = astring: (journal) setprop options/port = astring:"1667" setprop options/adminuser = astring:"carl" setprop options/root = astring:"/var/altperforce"

 Save and quit your editor. We're almost done!

 svc:/application/perforce/p4d:alt> quit # chown daemon /var/altperforce # svcadm refresh p4d svcadm: Pattern 'p4d' matches multiple instances: svc:/application/perforce/p4d:alt svc:/application/perforce/p4d:default

 Oops, things really have changed! Let's do it right:

 # svcadm refresh p4d:alt # svcadm enable p4d:alt # svcs -x

 Success. The same technique can be applied for p4p (the proxy server). The configurable options for p4p are pretty much the same as p4d.

Closing

 I hope you find this useful. This was my first learning experience for SMF, and it was really fun. But it's just a small sample of what SMF can do.

 If I make any more changes to this manifest, either from your feedback or from changes to Perforce itself, I will blog about it here.

 Technorati tags: OpenSolaris Solaris SMF Perforce   https://blogs.oracle.com/samf/entry/a_dtrace_provider_for_nfs A DTrace Provider for NFS samf 2005-12-23T21:30:00+00:00 2005-12-24T04:38:06+00:00
 As a kernel developer working on NFSv4, I love DTrace. The fbt and syscall providers are my constant companions.

 But last June, at the NFSv4  Bakeathon, I had a more difficult problem -- an infinite loop involving volatile filehandles. The problem was reproducible (good), but it took a couple of minutes running a test suite to get to that point (bad). Thousands of over-the-wire operations occurred before the more interesting things began to happen.

 Using snoop, which "knows" the NFSv4 protocol, I knew what Solaris NFSv4 was doing, but I didn't know why it was doing it. DTrace could tell me the "why" part, but I couldn't think of a script that would get me just the right information, without drowning me in uninteresting information.

 Sleep deprived, I began whining about how DTrace should have a new provider; one than "knows" the NFSv4 protocol, and lets you write protocol related events into your scripts. A provider that lets you do things like grab filehandles, and stuff them into variables, to be used later in conditionals.

 Upon getting home, I began writing such a provider. In fact, I wrote one that could solve the problem discussed above. As it grew, there were some parts of the code that were getting messy, so now I'm in the midst of refactoring the provider.

A New Provider

 Here is how the NFSv4 provider is starting to look. As usual for DTrace probes, we have:

provider:module:function:name

 Provider is either "nfs" or "nfs-server". Plain old "nfs" is the NFS client -- the thing that lets you mount remote file systems. Yes, this means that technically there are really two providers, but they will be nearly the same structure. Learning one provider will be sufficient to learn both.

 Module is either "nfs" or "nfssrv", again for client and server. I would recommend just leaving this part blank, since it doesn't buy you any more than the provider slot. If you do not leave it blank, make sure that provider and module match. If they don't match, you won't get any probes. For example, "nfs:nfssrv:<something>:<something>" will not match any probes.

 Function is an operation or an attribute. More on that below. :-)

 Name is either "start" or "done". For a probe on an client operation, "start" would fire when the client sent the operation over-the-wire to the server, and "done" would fire when it received its response from the server. For the server, "start" would fire when the server received a request, and "done" would fire when the server answered the request. Callback functions, where the server makes a request of the client, are just what you would expect -- client "start" fires when the client first receives a request from the server, etc.

The Probes

 As mentioned above, the function slot is an operation or an attribute. Operations are of the form "op-<operation-name>", where <operation-name> is an operation defined in the NFSv4 protocol. Examples:

nfs::op-read:start /\* client did a read operation \*/ nfs-server::op-read:start /\* server got a read request \*/ nfs::op-compound:done /\* client's compound op finished \*/

 For attribute probes, we use "attr-<attribute-name>", where <attribute-name> is a type defined in the NFSv4 protocol. It can be either an argument to an operation (examples:)

nfs::attr-seqid4:start /\* client sent a sequence ID with some op\*/ nfs::attr-filehandle:done /\* client received a filehandle \*/

or an attribute of a file. Examples:

nfs::attr-owner:start /\* client is sending an owner file attribute \*/ nfs::attr-filehandle:done /\* client received a filehandle \*/

 Above, notice that attr-filehandle makes sense as an argument to an operation, or an attribute of a file. The nice thing about the attr-\* probes is that you can trace these attributes going over the wire, without caring about what operation is sending them, or how it's being sent.

Arguments to the Probes: args[0] and args[1]

 For all probes, there are two arguments. args[0] is the same for all probes: it is a structure that holds things such as the tag and transaction id (xid) of the operation. It will likely hold the network address of the machine that it's talking with; more things may be added in the future.

Slot	Purpose

xid	Transaction ID

tag	Descriptive tag for the request (see section 14.2 of the NFSv4 spec).
addr	Address of the remote host (in a format yet to be determined)

more may be added; stay tuned.

 The second argument, args[1], is different for every probe. For op-\* probes, it's the structure that is being sent or received. For attr-\* probes, it's just the attribute itself. Examples:

Probe	Type for args[1]

nfs::op-read:start	READ4args

nfs::op-read:done	READ4res

nfs-server::op-open:start	OPEN4args

Types for attributes may tend to be more simple types, but this is still to be decided. Here are some possibilities:

nfs::attr-size:done	uint64_t

nfs::attr-numlinks:done	uint32_t

Any working examples yet?

 The provider is still being implemented, and it doesn't yet handle very many of the details of the NFSv4 protocol. But the framework is there, and it does handle "compound", which is the fundamental over-the-wire operation in NFSv4.

 As its name implies, a compound operation can do more than one thing. For example, it can create a new file and get the new file's attributes, all in one over-the-wire operation. As mentioned before, compounds have a field called a "tag", which is a descriptive string attached that very briefly describes the purpose of the request. The tag for our hypothetical create-file-and-get-its-attributes operation might simply be "create".

 Here is a simple D script that uses the op-compound probe to show which over-the-wire requests the client spends the most time waiting upon. The requests are collated by the tag. You could use such a script to help get an idea of what compounds are taking the most time, and maybe start thinking about where to do further performance analysis.

 Following the example script is example output. While running this example script, I used "tar" to copy a bunch of files within an NFS mounted directory, and then used "rm -rf" to delete them. Don't treat this as a serious benchmark or anything -- it's just to give an idea of what's easily possible with the new provider.

#! /usr/sbin/dtrace -s #pragma D option quiet /\* \* Record the time when a request is sent to the server. \*/ nfs::op-compound:start { cstart[args[0]->xid] = timestamp; } /\* \* We received a response from the server. Below, all times are converted \* from nanoseconds to microseconds (dividing by 1000); this was more readable \* in my particular setup. \*/ nfs::op-compound:done /cstart[args[0]->xid] != 0/ { /\* Stuff the descriptive "tag" into a convenience variable \*/ this->tag = stringof(args[0]->tag); /\* Compute total time spent processing a given tag \*/ @ttime[this->tag] = sum((timestamp - cstart[args[0]->xid]) / 1000); /\* Free up the cstart[] slot \*/ cstart[args[0]->xid] = 0; } /\* \* We're done, probably via the user hitting \^C. Print the results. \*/ END { printf("\\ntotal time spent in calls\\n"); printa(@ttime); }

Results:

 total time spent in calls renew 276 commit 11054 link 21647 rmdir 367802 mkdir 422512 access 599114 readdir 753105 lookup valid 822106 lookup 862495 read 1026893 close 1095138 getattr 1841042 write 6674532 remove 6802618 setattr 7101811 open 7539189
 </blockquotes>
 Technorati tags: NFS OpenSolaris Solaris DTrace  https://blogs.oracle.com/samf/entry/ietf_and_zfs IETF, ZFS and DTrace samf 2005-11-21T16:00:00+00:00 2005-11-21T23:46:54+00:00
What have I been up to?

 I recently traveled to beautiful Vancouver for the 64th IETF. There, Lisa and I attended many meetings, most notably the NFSv4 working group meeting, and presented our recent Internet Draft.

 The Internet Draft concerns NFSv4 ACLs. It attempts to clear up ambiguities in the NFSv4 spec, RFC3530. It also proposes a way for ACLs and UNIX-style modes to live together in harmony. Hopefully, it will end up as one or more RFCs, and NFSv4 clients and servers can have a truly useful ACL model.

 Meanwhile, as has been mentioned in many other places, ZFS has been released. Check out blog entries from Lisa and Mark on how ACLs work in ZFS.

 I also gave a presentation on DTrace at a joint meeting of the Front Range OpenSolaris User Group (FROSUG) and the Front Range Unix User Group (FRUUG).

 Why was I, a humble NFS engineer, giving a presentation on DTrace? Well, for one thing, I use DTrace quite a bit. But I'll be blogging more about DTrace and NFS a bit later.

 Technorati tags: IETF NFS OpenSolaris Solaris ZFS DTrace  https://blogs.oracle.com/samf/entry/acls_everywhere ACLs Everywhere samf 2005-06-14T08:20:42+00:00 2005-07-22T18:25:25+00:00
 I was tempted to call this posting ACLs are my resume, but that's a bit extreme. Still, Access Control Lists (ACLs) seem to follow me around. Here are some of the places where I have worked on ACLs.

 I hacked ufsdump/ufsrestore to deal with UFS ACLs

 I enabled caching of ACLs in CacheFS

 I made a modification of disconnected CacheFS to allow ACLs to work while disconnected

 I worked on a very different sort of application-level ACLs at a failed startup

 I now work on ACLs for NFS version 4.

Solaris 10

 Lisa and I managed to integrate support for NFSv4 ACLs into Solaris 10. The effort to add ACL support began late in the Solaris 10 release cycle. Some of the problems we hit (outlined below) weren't even thought about when we began. We couldn't do much testing against other vendors until very late in the release cycle. There were a few show stopper bugs we had to fix before Solaris 10 could ship. This was one of the most intense but rewarding projects I've worked on!

 NFSv4 ACL support breaks down into two big pieces: support for the over-the-wire operations involving ACLs, and translation between the various ACL models (more on them below). The over-the-wire pieces of ACL handling are scattered throughout NFSv4. nfs4_vnops.c has the usual vnode ops. See nfs4_getsecattr() and nfs4_setsecattr() for the front end (as far as the file system is concerned) to ACLs. Other pieces are in nfs4_client.c and nfs4_xdr.c. The translators are contained in nfs4_acl.c. For this article, I will focus on the translators.

Translation

 Solaris has had support for ACLs for a long time. The ACL model supported before Solaris 10 is called POSIX-draft. This was supposed to become a POSIX standard, but the effort was abandoned. The latest draft is what was implemented for Solaris. For on-disk file systems, the Solaris UFS filesystem implements POSIX-draft ACLs. For versions two and three of the Network File System (NFS), an undocumented side-band protocol enables users to manipulate ACLs on the server. To the best of my knowledge, the only implementation of this protocol outside of Solaris is for Linux.

 NFSv4 introduces a powerful new ACL model. It's powerful enough that every POSIX-draft ACL can be translated into an NFSv4 ACL. But NFSv4 ACLs can go beyond POSIX-draft semantics; thus, not all NFSv4 ACLs can be translated into POSIX-draft ACLs.

 The presence of two ACL models makes it desirable to seamlessly translate between the two, so we implemented ACL translation in the kernel for NFSv4. Translation gives us many benefits:

 POSIX-draft ACLs can be sent over-the-wire using the NFSv4 protocol. Thus, we don't have to bolt on another undocumented side-band ACL protocol for NFS version 4.

 Users on Solaris clients can manipulate POSIX-draft ACLs (or perhaps the semantically equivalent NFSv4 ACLs) on non-Solaris servers.

 Utilities that restore POSIX-draft ACLs (e.g. tar, cpio, ufsrestore) can restore semantically equivalent ACLs onto an NFSv4 filesystem, even if the server's filesystem is not Solaris UFS.

 Non-Solaris NFSv4 clients can manipulate ACLs on a present-day Solaris server (using UFS), provided they stay within the confines of ACLs that can be translated into POSIX-draft.

 At Connectathon 2005, we gave a presentation on implementing NFSv4 ACLs in Solaris 10. However, now that Solaris is open, I would like to talk about the translators at the code level.

Translating POSIX-draft ACLs into NFSv4 ACLs

 In the Solaris kernel, ACLs are passed around inside of vsecattr_t structures. The main entry point for translating POSIX-draft ACLs into NFSv4 ACLs is vs_aent_to_ace4(). Here is what the call stack looks like when a POSIX-draft ACL is translated into an NFSv4 ACL.

 vs_aent_to_ace4() ln_aent_to_ace4() (once for the regular ACL, once for the default ACL) ln_aent_preprocess() for every ACE: mode_to_ace4_access() access_mask_set() ace4_make_deny() access_mask_set()

 vs_aent_to_ace4() sets up new vsecattr_t's to hold the new ACLs. It calls ln_aent_to_ace4() on each of the POSIX-draft ACL parts: the ACL, and the "default" (inheritable) ACL.

 ln_aent_to_ace4() does the main part of the conversion. First it calls ln_aent_preprocess(), to scan the incoming ACL to find various statistics (e.g. how many group entries).

 For every ACL entry, ln_aent_to_ace4() determines what type of ACEs to create. It calls mode_to_ace4_access() which creates an access mask to be used in an ALLOW ACE.

 ln_aent_to_ace4() also calls ace4_make_deny(), to make DENY ACEs that compliment the ALLOW ACEs.

 Both mode_to_ace4_access() and ace4_make_deny() call access_mask_set(). This function determines the values of several access mask bits, beyond the usual read/write/execute. Its intent is to do so in a generic manner. In order to understand its operation, see the global variables nfs4_acl_{client,server}_produce.

Translating NFSv4 ACLs into POSIX-draft ACLs

 The entry point for translating NFSv4 ACLs into POSIX-draft ACLs is vs_ace4_to_aent(). Here is what the call stack looks like when making this translation.

 vs_ace4_to_aent() ln_ace4_to_aent() ace4_list_init() ace4_to_aent_legal() ace4vals_find() ace4_list_to_aent() ace4_list_free()

 vs_ace4_to_aent() is a very thin front-end to ln_ace4_to_aent(). It doesn't do much more than call this function, and pass on errors.

 The first thing ln_ace4_to_aent() does is to call ace4_list_init() twice: once to hold information for the POSIX-draft ACL, and once for the POSIX-draft "default" (inheritable) ACL. The ace4_list_t holds all the information collected from an NFSv4 ACL needed in order to transform it into a POSIX-draft ACL.

 ace4_to_aent_legal() is called to look for common problems in the NFSv4 ACL. Some of these problems could come from a bad NFSv4 ACL, but most often, the problem is an NFSv4 ACL that is not translatable into a POSIX-draft ACL.

 Notice that ace4_to_aent_legal() calls access_mask_check(). This function is the counterpart to access_mask_set(), used when translating in the other direction. In a Solaris-only environment, you can think of access_mask_check() as a function to check the work done by access_mask_set().

 If ace4_to_aent_legal() does not find any problems, ln_ace4_to_aent() processes each ACE in the NFSv4 ACL. There are still plenty of places where translation can fail. But if all goes well, ace4vals_find() is called to find a place to store information from the ACE, which will be used in producing the POSIX-draft ACL.

 After all of the ACEs are processed, ace4_list_to_aent() converts the ace4_list_t into a POSIX-draft ACL. This is called once for the "normal" ACL, and once for the "default" ACL.

 Finally, ace4_list_free() frees the memory allocated to hold the translations in progress.

 To see when some things go wrong, you can turn on nfs4_acl_debug. The debugging code isn't very complete, and it might be replaced by static Dtrace probes some day. But for now, you can do this:

 # mdb -kw > nfs4_acl_debug/W 1

Future ACL support in Solaris

 As you can see from reading the code, and perhaps from all of the debugging prints, there are lots of things that can go wrong when translating ACLs from NFSv4 into POSIX-draft format. Besides that, wouldn't it be nice to be able to set an arbitrary NFSv4 ACL, and use the new ACL model?

 Things are getting much better with the arrival of ZFS. The goal of ZFS's ACL implementation is to implement NFSv4 ACLs in a way that is compatible with Solaris. The ZFS ACL model is still in flux, but it is rapidly solidifying.

 We will be releasing an Internet Draft in the near future, in which we will propose a way for UNIX and UNIX-like systems to support NFSv4 ACLs. If all goes well, this will be the ACL model used by ZFS.

 Technorati tag: OpenSolaris
 Technorati tag: Solaris
 https://blogs.oracle.com/samf/entry/friday_the_13th Friday the 13th samf 2005-05-13T08:51:48+00:00 2005-05-13T16:02:47+00:00
I must be pretty brave to be making my first post on Friday the 13th.

 I'm Sam Falkner, and I work in Solaris, specifically focusing on NFS. I've been at Sun since 1992, with a roughly two year hiatus in 1997 and 1998. I've worked on ufsdump/ufsrestore, Backup Copilot, "Online: Backup 2.0", CacheFS, UFS, and finally NFS.

 I don't know how often I'll be posting, since things are pretty hectic right now. If you haven't taken the plunge into RSS yet, I would highly recommend it! I recently started using Sage under Firefox. It's easy and it makes infrequent blog posters less annoying. At least I hope so.


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Jennifer L. Vergari and Ryan D. Washko
Announcement is made of the engagement and upcoming wedding of Jennifer L. Vergari to Ryan D. Washko, both of Dunmore.
The bride-elect is the daughter of Paul and Karen Vergari, Union Dale. She is a graduate of Forest City Regional High School and earned a cosmetology license from Empire Beauty School. She received an associate degree in dental hygiene from Luzerne County Community College. She is a cosmetologist at Kelly's Hair Salon, Dunmore, and is a registered dental hygienist at Center for Esthetic Dentistry, Dunmore, and the dental office of Dr. Robert Riley, Scranton.
The prospective bridegroom is the son of Dave and Mary Alice Washko, Dunmore. He is a graduate of Dunmore High School and earned an associate degree in biomedical equipment technology from Johnson College. He is employed by the Army Medical Material Agency.
The wedding is set for Aug. 3 at Inne of the Abingtons, Dalton.
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The letter came on the same day that news leaked about another planned reorg, with Nadella poised to gain even more power.
Remember, Nadella took over the Server & Tools in February, 2011, replacing longtime Microsoft vet Bob Muglia, who was Bill Gates' man. People were shocked at the time. Nadella had been running Bing, which had never fared well against Google.
Meanwhile, Muglia had more than 22 years at Microsoft and built S&T into its most reliable business. It was the only one of Microsoft's five business segments to show consistent growth, quarter after quarter, for a decade.
S&T is the home of Windows Server, the database SQL Server and developer tools. Under Nadella, it also gained Microsoft's Amazon-killer cloud, Windows Azure. S&T is the third-biggest unit in terms of revenue and profit (after the unit that sells Office and one that sells Windows). Among these top three units, it is the fastest growing.
Word was that Muglia (who now works at Juniper Networks) was ousted because he didn't buy into Ballmer's vision to re-make all of Microsoft's products for cloud computing.
Today, Nadella wrote a note of vindication.
"Two years ago we bet our future on the cloud and quietly refocused our 19 billion-dollar software business by completely transforming our products, culture and practices to be cloud-first. ... As it turns out we were right to take this risk."
He then said that Microsoft's cloud, Azure, was achieving "hyper-growth."
- Azure is experiencing "over 1,000 new customers signing up" a day.
- Half the Fortune 500 is using Azure.
- Over 30,000 organizations have started using the "Infrastructure-as-a-Service" portion of the Azure, since it launched in April. This is the part that lets companies rent hardware and which competes most directly with Amazon.
Here's the full letter, published on Microsoft's blog.
More From Business Insider
- The 5 Best Things Microsoft Just Said To Its Enterprise Customers
- Microsoft Invented A Tablet A Decade Before Apple And Totally Blew It
- IBM Is Trying To Squash Amazon's $600 Million Cloud Deal With The CIA
- Information Technology
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text:
About Crystal
Crystal Network Solutions is a Wireless Telecommunications Consulting and Services Company specializing in performance improvement. The goal at Crystal Network Solutions is to provide class leading services and support to all clients, from Multinational carriers to regional operators.
Crystal Network Solutions has built a team with extensive engineering experience, covering all aspects of a wireless networks lifecycle, from initial design, dimensioning and implementation through to network performance Optimization and preventative maintenance.
Crystal Network Solutions is headquartered in Allen, Texas
CNS is a Certified Minority Owned Business Enterprise.Read more
- LTE, UMTS, and WIFI- Plan, Build and Operate.
- DAS Planning and Optimization.
- RF Network Planning, Optimisation and Implementation.
- Sales and Business Development, Manufacturers Representation.
- External Interference Hunting and PIM Testing and Remediation
- RBS/RRU/ Antenna Installation, Integration, Commissioning and Network Maintenance
- Cellular Network Benchmarking.
Sales and inquires email@example.com more please


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Dr. Charlton Adler specializes in foot surgery in Sunny Isles Beach, Florida.
Primary Location for Dr. Adler
Board Certification, Specialty and Expertise
Dr. Charlton Adler has been identified as specializing in Foot Surgery.
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Occult Fan
O 0 o
c c c
u u u
l l l
t t t
F f f
a a a
n n n
The mystical is not
the world is, but
it is.
- Ludwig Wittgenstein
"God has placed at every man's side a guardian, the Dæmon that cannot sleep, not be deceived. What greater and more watchful guardian could have ever been committed to us? So, when you have shut the doors, and made darkness in the house, remember, never to say that you are alone; for you are not alone. But God is there and your Dæmon is there." - Epictetus
Before you buy my album at the music link below, take the time to remember that while my music IS excellent, and my soul's journey IS heroic, and you are equal in your responsibility to see this world as a place of freedom, dignity, and kindness...
For any of this you must be able to think clearly - here - let me show you some others who show you how to be free -
also check out Dark Journalist's youtube channel to have your eyes opened from being 'wide-shut' -
Also learn deeply with James 'Sevan' Bomar @ www.secretenergy.com
Peace Be With You.
One more click and you're in heaven.
or, if you're feeling lucky,
roll the dice.
Occult Fan on Bandcamp
Occult Fan on G+
Occult Fan's Wordpress
Occult Fan on Twitter
"Never hope more than you work." - Rita Mae Brown
And thou wilt give thyself relief, if thou doest every act of thy life as if it were the last. - Marcus Aurelius
Every day should be passed as if it were to be our last. - Publilius Syrus
No two on earth in all things can agree. All have some daring singularity. -Winston Churchill
Live life with a fierce determination. - RuPaul Andre Charles
Life is either a daring adventure or nothing. Security is mostly a superstition. It does not exist in nature. - Helen Keller
Who dares nothing, need hope for nothing. - Johann Friedrich Von Schiller
Valor grows by daring, fear by holding back. - Publilius Syrus
We fail far more often by timidity than by over-daring. - David Grayson
Devote each day to the object then in time and every evening will find something done. - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
The bravest are surely those who have the clearest vision of what is before them, glory and danger alike, and yet notwithstanding, go out to meet it.
Thanks for stopping by.
Exit through the gift shoppe.
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text:
I will be taping this weekend's race and I'm curious as to which view you would like if you were to watch a 2-3 minute crit video. Kind of a weird quesiton but I'll only get one choice so I thought I'd pose it.
Here are some examples:
Seatpost facing forward (obviously you wouldn't get shorts showing with spandex on)
I have also considered using the stem mount upside down but I fear my cables might interefere with the picture.
I know 2 of these vids are mountain but they are what I have so deal with it.
PS - i tried to do a poll but the server was slow as molasses. Sorry


text:
soil sample Companies in Dominican Republic
Soil Foodweb, Inc.
based in Corvallis, OREGON (USA)
Soil Foodweb Technology is based on years of research by many different people. All science builds on previous science, the efforts of scientists to understand why the world works the way it does. Science is an on-going process of quantitative assessment and understanding of mechanisms on which life is based.
based in Bury St Edmunds, UNITED KINGDOM
Envirofield was established from the field trials department of Levington Agriculture. The company has 30 years experience in field trials, both in the UK and worldwide. Envirofield specialise in environmental and agricultural field research along with soil analysis down to 1.0 metres in depth. Envirofield cover all aspects of field research from conception to ...
Nietfeld Bodenprobetechnik
based in Badbergen, GERMANY
Nietfeld Bodenprobetechnik whose product line not only includes four standard machine models that are built in series, but also includes a comprehensive range of tools and equipment for taking soil samples manually. Another main activity is the customised manufacture of equipment for special applications.Taking reliable soil samples and their precise analysis allow ...
Art's Manufacturing and Supply, Inc. (AMS Inc.)
based in American Falls, IDAHO (USA)
AMS, Inc. manufactures hand augers, soil probes, core samplers, sludge and sediment samplers, gas vapor probes. AMS PowerProbes can be mounted on pick-up trucks, tracks, or trailers, and have gained widespread acceptance due to their versatility, relatively low cost, and ease of mobility. They are designed to be used for: soil, soil gas, and groundwater sampling and ...
Eijkelkamp Soil & Water
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As part of Royal Eijkelkamp, Eijkelkamp Soil & Water contributes to the following mission and vision. Mission: Royal Eijkelkamp is able to make a continuous contribution to a safe and healthy living environment thanks to more than 100 years' experience and expertise in soil and water research. Vision: Royal Eijkelkamp wants to become the world's preferred supplier of ...
Farmers Edge Precision Consulting Inc.
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Farmers Edge is the leader in Variable Rate Technology. We provide advanced agronomic solutions to drive profitability with a proven track record in precision agriculture. Using scientific tools to identify and map field variability, Farmers Edge optimizes crop inputs, resulting in higher yields, better quality and less environmental impact. Our team includes ...
N&N Drilling Supply Mfr.
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N&N Drilling Supply Mfr. is a drilling supply manufacturer founded by Angelo Nieto in 1967, since then N&N Drilling Supply has grown from a humble two-person garage-run business to a thirty five employee corporation occupying a state-of-the-art facility accommodating the needs of a growing worldwide market for drilling equipment.
ESP, Environmental Service Products
based in Rockledge, FLORIDA (USA)
ESP Environmental Service Products, Inc., a leader in environmental samplers, manufactures a wide range of Environmentally Suitable Products designed to look after the Earth not only from their designed purpose, but also their subsequent disposal. What starts from the Earth, returns to the Earth. ESP has taken the lead of this issue for environmental sampling products ...
Geonor A/S
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Geonor markets and sells its products worldwide and have exported equipment to over 100 countries. Geonor manufactures and sells geotechnical, hydrological, meteorological and environmental equipment. We deliver quality through cost effective solutions based on our own and third party products. Our main customers are government agencies and institutes, consultants, ...
GEONOR, Inc.
based in Augusta, NEW JERSEY (USA)
GEONOR A/S in Norway, GEONOR, Inc. was established to serve customers in the Americas (USA, Canada, and Latin America). The Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI) established GEONOR A/S in 1957, originally to manufacture NGI's geotechnical instrumentation and test equipment. Over time, equipment from other sources have been incorporated into GEONOR's line of products. As ...


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Angel Rift Photographer
Christina ScarpaModel Female Morristown, New Jersey, US My MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/ChristinaScarpa
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Have you worked with Christina Scarpa? Add Credits for Christina Scarpa! >>
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Mechanical Whispers Photographer
Catch The Light Photographer
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|Problems? Is your data what you think it is?
Re^2: cool way of manipulating array elementsby pemungkah (Priest)
|on Sep 02, 2011 at 20:27 UTC ( #923924=note: print w/ replies, xml )
|Need Help??
I wish I could upvote this multiple times. map is very cool, and can give you a marvelously compact syntax, but a simple foreach or while loop does the same thing and is (usually) easier to read.
In Section Seekers of Perl Wisdom


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Mobile Site You Are Here > PFR Home > Players > F > Jamie Fitzgerald > News Archive
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Drafthouse Films has acquired North American rights to Jesse Moss's Sundance award-winning oil doc "The Overnighters." It portrays the plight of desperate men as they chase their dreams and run from their demons in the North Dakota oil fields while a devoted pastor risks everything to help them.Read More »
Sundance London is known for hosting the international and UK premieres of films recently featured at the Sundance Film Festival, and it looks as though their roster is becoming more intriguing. One Sundance film that has just been added to Sundance London this year is Charlie McDowell's "The One I ...Read More »
Music Box Films has bought all USA rights, excluding TV, to director Nadav Schirman's documentary "The Green Prince" from Submarine and Global Screen. Winner of the Sundance Audience Award in the World Cinema Documentary section, the German/Israeli/British co-production examines one of Israel's priz...Read More »
All the features, shorts, and panel talks for the third Sundance London Festival have officially been announced. The fest runs April 25-27, and individual tickets go on sale this Friday, March 28th. The program includes 24 films that will be making their world premiere, with seven selections by firs...Read More »
For the last few years, the Sundance hasn't just been in Utah in January: as of 2012, the most famous independent film festival in the world has been crossing the pond for an extended weekend in April for Sundance London. Bringing a few highlights from January's Park City festival, along with a few ...Read More »
In Lars von Trier's "Nymphomaniac Volume I," a bruised and battered woman, Joe (Charlote Gainsbourg), recounts her lifelong misadventures of nymphomania to a lonely man (Stellan Skarsgard). He continually interrupts her to point out how her sordid tales parallel that of river trout. He's intellectua...Read More »
Director Freida Mock does justice to a woman who stood up for the truth.Read More »
Lionsgate and Roadside Attractions have acquired North American rights to Justin Simien's "Dear White People," Indiewire's Project of the Year.Read More »
Indiewire has exclusively learned that Tim Sutton's sophomore feature "Memphis" (he previously directed "Pavilion") has sold to Vimeo and Kino Lorber. The film played at both the Venice and Sundance film festivals.Read More »
"There was so much misunderstanding, if not misinformation. So I felt it was an opportunity to tell the story of who she is, where she came from, how she ended up in the seat of power, and what her impact has been."Read More »


text:
Antitrust Enforcement and Compliance Programs
Grassley: HSBC Should Face Criminal Charges
Judges in Ontario and B.C. have reached different decisions on whether cartel members may be liable for umbrella pricing. These two cases of first impression may be headed for the Supreme Court of Canada.
With a judgment handed down on 12 May 2016 (Case T-669/14, Trioplast Industrier AB v. European Commission), the General Court of the European Union (GCEU) dismissed an action brought by Trioplast Industrier AB (Trioplast...more
OFAC Sanctions -
On May 5, 2016, the U.S. Department of Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) announced sanctions against 77 entities and individuals associated with the Waked Money Laundering Organization...more
The Department of Justice ("DOJ") announced this week that Hitachi Chemical Co. will plead guilty to a criminal charge for conspiring with competitors to fix the prices of electrolytic capacitors sold in the United States and...more
Antitrust and competition -
A welcome limitation on the investigatory powers of the Commission when requesting information from companies - On 10 March 2016, the Court of Justice of the European Union ("CJEU") set aside...more
Companies and individuals who breach prohibitions against cartel conduct face increasing levels of fines and other penalties in Australia and overseas. In this article, we outline expected developments in Australia this year,...more
The Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice is vigorously pursuing civil and criminal actions against individuals—and not simply the companies they run.
Just last month, Assistant Attorney General Bill Baer...more
European Union: EU Commission maintains close scrutiny of retail geo-blocking -
On the 18th of March 2016, the EU Commission published initial findings from its e-commerce sector inquiry. The initial findings show a...more
The first European citizen to be extradited from Europe to the United States for criminal antitrust conduct recently succeeded in having a Berlin court refer the matter of his extradition to the Court of Justice of the...more
Global Cartel Enforcement Update -
Guidance on Managing International Investigations -
The U.S. Department of Justice's Antitrust Division has continued to successfully prosecute corporations and individuals for...more
The European Commission has recently issued a Report announcing its preliminary view that the Insurance Block Exemption Regulation ("IBER") should not be renewed when it expires on March 31, 2017. The IBER provides an...more
High Court to hear ACCC appeal of Flight Centre decision regarding carrier agent discussions On 11 March 2016, the High Court granted special leave to the ACCC to appeal the decision of the Full Federal Court in the Flight...more
The Court of Justice of the EU ("CJEU") recently issued a seminal preliminary ruling on the relationship between EU leniency programs and the leniency programs of Member States. The CJEU reaffirms that EU and Member State...more
Despite European competition law's dynamic and ever-evolving nature, for a very long period of time undertakings could rely on two quasi-certainties: first, that vertical information gathering – gathering or exchanging...more
On 10 March 2016, the Court of Justice of the European Union ("the Court") annulled a request for information that the European Commission ("the Commission") had made to several cement makers in a cartel probe....more
The statement of reasons of a decision requesting information from a company must be appropriate and disclose the purpose of the request so that the company can provide the Commission with the information necessary to that...more
On February 19, 2016, an antitrust official with the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) announced the agency's increased emphasis on individual accountability, and a renewed commitment "to holding accountable the highest-level...more
Welcome to March's edition of our EU & Competition Law Bulletin covering recent legal developments impacting upon you and your business: -
..United Kindgdom: Large pay for delay fine imposed by CMA.
..Germany and...more
At a recent meeting, the Presidium of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia ("FAS") adopted Clarification No. 3 of 17 February 2016 (the "Clarification"), concerning methods for proving anticompetitive agreements,...more
Refusing to settle in the case of local anticompetitive practices is not necessarily the right decision
As might be expected, the decision handed down by the French Competition Authority on January 17, 2016 regarding a...more
The issue of deterrence is easy to boil down – a company pays a fine of $500 million for illegal conduct and continues on its merry way. If the same company pays the same fine of $500 million and three of its top executives...more
We've previously written about how the Yates Memo announced an increased focus on individual accountability, and that the DOJ's broader focus on individual accountability would likely encourage the Antitrust Division to...more
The Court of Justice of the European Union ('CJEU') has recently clarified how participation in cartels can be presumed under EU competition rules. An online booking system used for package holidays had sent to travel agents...more
The Court of Justice of the European Union (Court),the EU's highest court, recently issued a judgment in case C-603/13 P, Galp Energía España SA and others v Commission, reducing the fine imposed on certain companies that...more
Focus on the US -
Cartel enforcement activity and stiffer criminal penalties against price fixing -
The Department of Justice (DOJ) continues to investigate and seek criminal charges against worldwide cartels. This...more
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Except as otherwise described in this privacy statement, JD Supra will not disclose personal information to any third party unless we believe that disclosure is necessary to: (1) comply with applicable laws; (2) respond to governmental inquiries or requests; (3) comply with valid legal process; (4) protect the rights, privacy, safety or property of JD Supra, users of the Service, Website visitors or the public; (5) permit us to pursue available remedies or limit the damages that we may sustain; and (6) enforce our Terms & Conditions of Use.
In the event there is a change in the corporate structure of JD Supra such as, but not limited to, merger, consolidation, sale, liquidation or transfer of substantial assets, JD Supra may, in its sole discretion, transfer, sell or assign information collected on and through the Service to one or more affiliated or unaffiliated third parties.
This Website and the Service may contain links to other websites. The operator of such other websites may collect information about you, including through cookies or other technologies. If you are using the Service through the Website and link to another site, you will leave the Website and this Policy will not apply to your use of and activity on those other sites. We encourage you to read the legal notices posted on those sites, including their privacy policies. We shall have no responsibility or liability for your visitation to, and the data collection and use practices of, such other sites. This Policy applies solely to the information collected in connection with your use of this Website and does not apply to any practices conducted offline or in connection with any other websites.
We reserve the right to change this Policy at any time. Please refer to the date at the top of this page to determine when this Policy was last revised. Any changes to our privacy policy will become effective upon posting of the revised policy on the Website. By continuing to use the Service or Website following such changes, you will be deemed to have agreed to such changes. If you do not agree with the terms of this Policy, as it may be amended from time to time, in whole or part, please do not continue using the Service or the Website.
If you have any questions about this privacy statement, the practices of this site, your dealings with this Web site, or if you would like to change any of the information you have provided to us, please contact us at: firstname.lastname@example.com.
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Police trying to check on jumperJuly 08,2014Police trying to
check on jumper
BURLINGTON Police in Burlington are hoping to check on the welfare of a man they say jumped off a ferry into Lake Champlain over the weekend.
Police said the man jumped about 11 p.m. Saturday, close to shore. The Burlington Free Press reports police, fire, and U.S. Coast Guard officers responded, but were unable to find the man to check on him.
The man was described as a white male in his late 20s or early 30s about 6 feet tall, medium build, and wearing a light-colored shirt. Police said they received multiple reports that the man made it to shore and ran off.MORE IN Vermont NewsMONTPELIER Gov. Full StoryTwo weeks before Puerto Ricos primary, Democratic presidential candidate Bernie Sanders said a... Full Story
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