text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|3 Apr 2012
|Filing date
|14 Nov 2008
|Priority date
|10 Dec 2007
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Huan-Ping Wu
|Original Assignee
|Bayer Healthcare Llc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (28), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (6), Classifications (12), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/012,729 entitled "Rapid-Read Gated Amperometry" as filed on Dec. 10, 2007, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Biosensors provide an analysis of a biological fluid, such as whole blood, serum, plasma, urine, saliva, interstitial, or intracellular fluid. Typically, biosensors have a measurement device that analyzes a sample residing in a sensor strip. The sample usually is in liquid form and in addition to being a biological fluid, may be the derivative of a biological fluid, such as an extract, a dilution, a filtrate, or a reconstituted precipitate. The analysis performed by the biosensor determines the presence and/or concentration of one or more analytes, such as alcohol, glucose, uric acid, lactate, cholesterol, bilirubin, free fatty acids, triglycerides, proteins, ketones, phenylalanine or enzymes, in the biological fluid. The analysis may be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of physiological abnormalities. For example, a diabetic individual may use a biosensor to determine the glucose level in whole blood for adjustments to diet and/or medication.
Biosensors may be designed to analyze one or more analytes and may use different sample volumes. Some biosensors may analyze a single drop of whole blood, such as from 0.25-15 microliters (μL) in volume. Biosensors may be implemented using bench-top, portable, and like measurement devices. Portable measurement devices may be hand-held and allow for the identification and/or quantification of one or more analytes in a sample. Examples of portable measurement devices include the Ascensia Breeze� and Elite� meters of Bayer HealthCare in Tarrytown, N.Y., while examples of bench-top measurement devices include the Electrochemical Workstation available from CH Instruments in Austin, Tex. Biosensors providing shorter analysis times, while supplying the desired accuracy and/or precision, provide a substantial benefit to the user.
Biosensors may use optical and/or electrochemical methods to analyze the sample. In some optical systems, the analyte concentration is determined by measuring light that has interacted with or been absorbed by a light-identifiable species, such as the analyte or a reaction or product formed from a chemical indicator reacting with the analyte. In other optical systems, a chemical indicator fluoresces or emits light in response to the analyte when illuminated by an excitation beam. The light may be converted into an electrical output signal, such as current or potential, which may be similarly processed to the output signal from an electrochemical method. In either optical system, the biosensor measures and correlates the light with the analyte concentration of the sample.
In electrochemical biosensors, the analyte concentration is determined from an electrical signal generated by an oxidation/reduction or redox reaction of the analyte or a species responsive to the analyte when an input signal is applied to the sample. The input signal may be applied as a single pulse or in multiple pulses, sequences, or cycles. An oxidoreductase, such as an enzyme or similar species, may be added to the sample to enhance the electron transfer from a first species to a second species during the redox reaction. The enzyme or similar species may react with a single analyte, thus providing specificity to a portion of the generated output signal. Examples of some specific oxidoreductases and corresponding analytes are given below in Table I.
Oxidoreductase (reagent layer)
Glucose dehydrogenase
Glucose oxidase
Cholesterol esterase; cholesterol oxidase
Lipoprotein lipase; glycerol kinase; glycerol-3-
phosphate oxidase
Lactate oxidase; lactate dehydrogenase;
Pyruvate oxidase
Alcohol oxidase
Bilirubin oxidase
Uric acid
Glutathione reductase
Carbon monoxide oxidoreductase
Carbon monoxide
A mediator may be used to maintain the oxidation state of the enzyme. Table II, below, provides some conventional combinations of enzymes and mediators for use with specific analytes.
Glucose Oxidase
Glucose Dehydrogenase
Cholesterol Oxidase
Lactate Oxidase
Uric Acid
Alcohol Oxidase
Electrochemical biosensors usually include a measurement device having electrical contacts that connect with electrical conductors in the sensor strip. The conductors may be made from conductive materials, such as solid metals, metal pastes, conductive carbon, conductive carbon pastes, conductive polymers, and the like. The electrical conductors typically connect to working, counter, reference, and/or other electrodes that extend into a sample reservoir. One or more electrical conductors also may extend into the sample reservoir to provide functionality not provided by the electrodes.
In many biosensors, the sensor strip may be adapted for use outside, inside, or partially inside a living organism. When used outside a living organism, a sample of the biological fluid is introduced into a sample reservoir in the sensor strip. The sensor strip may be placed in the measurement device before, after, or during the introduction of the sample for analysis. When inside or partially inside a living organism, the sensor strip may be continually immersed in the sample or the sample may be intermittently introduced to the strip. The sensor strip may include a reservoir that partially isolates a volume of the sample or be open to the sample. Similarly, the sample may continuously flow through the strip or be interrupted for analysis.
The measurement device applies an input signal through the electrical contacts to the electrical conductors of the sensor strip. The electrical conductors convey the input signal through the electrodes into the sample present in the sample reservoir. The redox reaction of the analyte generates an electrical output signal in response to the input signal. The electrical output signal from the strip may be a current (as generated by amperometry or voltammetry), a potential (as generated by potentiometry/galvanometry), or an accumulated charge (as generated by coulometry). The measurement device may have the processing capability to measure and correlate the output signal with the presence and/or concentration of one or more analytes in the biological fluid.
In conventional amperometry, current is measured during a read pulse as a constant potential (voltage) is applied across the working and counter electrodes of the sensor strip. The measured current is used to quantify the analyte in the sample. Amperometry measures the rate at which an electrochemically active, thus measurable, species is being oxidized or reduced at or near the working electrode. Many variations of the amperometric method for biosensors have been described, for example in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,620,579; 5,653,863; 6,153,069; and 6,413,411.
A disadvantage of conventional amperometric methods is the non-steady-state nature of the current after a potential is applied. The rate of current change with respect to time is very fast initially and becomes slower as the analysis proceeds due to the changing nature of the underlying diffusion process. Until the consumption rate of the ionized measurable species at the electrode surface equals the diffusion rate, a steady-state current cannot be obtained. Thus, conventional amperometry methods that measure the current during the transient period before a steady-state condition is reached, may provide more inaccuracy than if the measurement is taken during a steady-state time period.
The measurement performance of a biosensor is defined in terms of accuracy and/or precision. Increases in accuracy and/or precision provide for an increase in measurement performance for the biosensor. Accuracy may be expressed in terms of bias of the biosensor's analyte reading in comparison to a reference analyte reading, with larger bias values representing less accuracy, while precision may be expressed in terms of the spread or variance among multiple analyte readings in relation to a mean. Bias is the difference between a value determined from the biosensor and the accepted reference value and may be expressed in terms of "absolute bias" or "relative bias". Absolute bias may be expressed in the units of the measurement, such as mg/dL, while relative bias may be expressed as a percentage of the absolute bias value over the reference value. Reference values may be obtained with a reference instrument, such as the YSI 2300 STAT PLUS™ available from YSI Inc., Yellow Springs, Ohio.
Many biosensors include one or more methods to correct the error associated with an analysis. The concentration values obtained from an analysis with an error may be inaccurate. The ability to correct these inaccurate analyses may increase the accuracy of the concentration values obtained. An error correction system may compensate for one or more errors, such as sample hematocrit content, which is different from a reference sample. For example, conventional biosensors may be configured to report glucose concentrations presuming a 40% (v/v) hematocrit content for a whole blood sample, regardless of the actual hematocrit content of the sample. In these systems, any glucose measurement performed on a whole blood sample containing less or more than 40% hematocrit will include error or bias attributable to the "hematocrit effect".
In conventional biosensor sensor strips for determining glucose concentrations, glucose may be oxidized by an enzyme, which then transfers the electron to a mediator. This reduced mediator then travels to the working electrode where it is electrochemically oxidized. The amount of mediator being oxidized may be correlated to the current flowing between the working and counter electrodes of the sensor strip. Quantitatively, the current measured at the working electrode is directly proportional to the diffusion coefficient of the mediator. The hematocrit effect interferes with this process because the red blood cells block the diffusion of the mediator to the working electrode. Subsequently, the hematocrit effect influences the amount of current measured at the working electrode without any connection to the amount of glucose in the sample.
Hematocrit bias refers to the difference between the reference glucose concentration obtained with a reference instrument and an experimental glucose reading obtained from a biosensor for samples containing differing hematocrit levels. The difference between the reference and values obtained from the biosensor results from the varying hematocrit levels between specific whole blood samples.
In addition to the hematocrit effect, measurement inaccuracies also may arise when the measurable species concentration does not correlate with the analyte concentration. For example, when a sensor system determines the concentration of a reduced mediator generated in response to the oxidation of an analyte, any reduced mediator not generated by oxidation of the analyte will lead to the sensor system indicating that more analyte is present in the sample than is correct due to mediator background. Thus, "mediator background" is the bias introduced into the measured analyte concentration attributable to measurable species not responsive to the underlying analyte concentration.
In an attempt to overcome one or more of these disadvantages, conventional biosensors have attempted multiple techniques, not only with regard to the mechanical design of the sensor strip and reagent selection, but also regarding the manner in which the measurement device applies the electric potential to the strip. For example, conventional methods of reducing the hematocrit effect for amperometric sensors include the use of filters, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,708,247 and 5,951,836; reversing the polarity of the applied current, as disclosed in WO 2001/57510; and by methods that maximize the inherent resistance of the sample.
Multiple methods of applying the input signal to the strip, commonly referred to as pulse methods, sequences, or cycles, have been used to address inaccuracies in the determined analyte concentration. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,897,162 the input signal includes a continuous application of rising and falling voltage potentials that are comingled to give a triangular-shaped wave. Furthermore, WO 2004/053476 and U.S. Pat. Docs. 2003/0178322 and 2003/0113933 describe input signals that include the continuous application of rising and falling voltage potentials that also change polarity.
Other conventional methods combine a specific electrode configuration with a input signal adapted to that configuration. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,942,102 combines the specific electrode configuration provided by a thin layer cell with a continuous pulse so that the reaction products from the counter electrode arrive at the working electrode. This combination is used to drive the reaction until the current change verses time becomes constant, thus reaching a true steady state condition for the mediator moving between the working and counter electrodes during the potential step. While each of these methods balances various advantages and disadvantages, none are ideal.
As may be seen from the above description, there is an ongoing need for improved biosensors, especially those that may provide an increasingly accurate determination of the analyte concentration in less time. The systems, devices, and methods of the present invention overcome at least one of the disadvantages associated with conventional systems.
A method for determining the concentration of an analyte in a sample is provided that includes applying an input signal to the sample, the input signal including at least 3 duty cycles within 10 seconds, where each duty cycle includes an excitation pulse and a relaxation. An output signal responsive to a measurable species is measured within 300 milliseconds of applying the excitation pulse of at least one of the duty cycles. The concentration of the analyte in the sample is determined in response to the measured output signal. The duty cycles may each include an excitation at a fixed potential, during which a current may be recorded, and a relaxation. The pulse sequence may include a terminal read pulse and may be applied to a sensor strip including a diffusion barrier layer. The determined analyte concentration may include less bias attributable to mediator background than the same or another method lacking the output signal measurement within 300 milliseconds. Through the use of transient current data, the concentration of the analyte may be determined when a steady-state condition is not reached during the excitation pulses of the duty cycles of the input signal. A data treatment may be applied to the measured currents to determine the concentration of the analyte in the sample.
A handheld measurement device adapted to receive a sensor strip is provided for determining the concentration of an analyte in a sample. The device includes contacts, at least one display, and electronic circuitry establishing electrical communication between the contacts and the display. The circuitry includes an electric charger and a processor, where the processor is in electrical communication with a storage medium. The medium includes computer readable software code, which when executed by the processor, causes the charger to implement an input signal including at least 3 duty cycles within 10 seconds between the contacts. Each duty cycle includes an excitation and a relaxation. The processor is operable to measure at least one current value at the at least two contacts within 300 milliseconds of the charger applying the excitation. The processor also is operable to determine the analyte in the biological fluid in response to the at least one current value.
A biosensor system for determining an analyte concentration in a sample is provided. The system includes a sensor strip having a sample interface adjacent to a reservoir formed by the strip, and a measurement device having a processor connected to a sensor interface. The sensor interface is in electrical communication with the sample interface, and the processor is in electrical communication with a storage medium. The processor determines an output signal value responsive to the concentration of the analyte in the sample from the sensor interface within 300 milliseconds of applying an excitation pulse to the sample interface. The excitation pulse is part of an input signal including at least 3 duty cycles within 10 seconds, each duty cycle including an excitation and a relaxation.
A method of reducing the bias attributable to the hematocrit effect in a determined concentration of an analyte in a sample is provided that includes applying an input signal including at least 3 duty cycles within 10 seconds to the sample. The output signal from which the concentration of the analyte in the sample is determined is recorded within 300 milliseconds of applying an excitation pulse.
The invention may be better understood with reference to the following drawings and description. The components in the figures are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention.
In WO 2007/013915, entitled "Gated Amperometry", pulsed input signals are used to analyze analytes in samples. The input signals include alternating excitation and relaxation periods. The present invention relates to a system and method of analyzing the output signals from the pulsed input signals to reduce bias, such as that arising from mediator background and the hematocrit effect. By correlating output signal values measured within 300 ms of the initiation of an excitation pulse, the accuracy and/or precision of the analysis may be improved.
In 110, the sample is introduced to the sensor portion of the biosensor, such as a sensor strip. The sensor strip includes at least one working and at least one counter electrode. The electrodes may include one or more reagent layers. The working electrode may include a diffusion barrier layer that is integral to a reagent layer or that is distinct from the reagent layer. When the working electrode includes a distinct diffusion barrier layer, the reagent layer may or may not be disposed on the diffusion barrier layer.
A diffusion barrier layer provides a porous space having an internal volume where a measurable species may reside. The pores of the diffusion barrier layer may be selected so that the measurable species may diffuse into the diffusion barrier layer, while physically larger sample constituents, such as red blood cells, are substantially excluded. Although conventional sensor strips have used various materials to filter red blood cells from the surface of the working electrode, a diffusion barrier layer provides an internal porous space to contain and isolate a portion of the measurable species from the sample. A more detailed treatment of diffusion barrier layers may be found in U.S. Pub. No. 2007/0246357.
In 120 of
In 140 of
During a relaxation of
Input signals may have one or more pulse interval. A pulse interval is the sum of a pulse and the relaxation constituting a duty cycle. Each pulse has an amplitude and a width. The amplitude indicates the intensity of the potential, the current, or the like of the electrical signal. The amplitude may vary or be substantially constant, such as during amperometry, during the pulse. The pulse width is the time duration of the pulse. The pulse widths in an input signal may vary or be substantially the same. Each relaxation has a relaxation width, which is the time duration of the relaxation. The relaxation widths in an input signal may vary or be substantially the same.
By adjusting the width of the excitation and relaxation of the duty cycles, gated input signals may increase the accuracy and/or precision of the analysis. While not wishing to be bound by any particular theory, this increase in accuracy and/or precision may result from drawing the measurable species excited at the working electrode from the interior of a diffusion barrier layer. As opposed to measurable species external to the diffusion barrier layer, which may have a varying rate of diffusion due to red blood cells and other sample constituents, measurable species within the diffusion barrier layer may have a relatively constant diffusion rate to the conductor. For example, and as described in U.S. Pub. No. 2007/0246357, entitled "Concentration Determination in a Diffusion Barrier Layer," a pulse width may be selected to substantially limit measurable species excitation to a diffusion barrier layer.
Preferable input signals include at least 3, 4, 6, 8, or 10 duty cycles applied during less than 30, 10, or 5 seconds. More preferably, at least 3 duty cycles are applied within 10 seconds. Input signals including at least 4 duty cycles applied in less than 7 seconds are especially preferred at present. Preferably, the width of each excitation pulse is independently selected from between 0.1 and 2 seconds and more preferably from between 0.2 and 1 second. At present, especially preferred input signal pulse widths are independently selected from between 0.3 and 0.8 seconds. Preferable pulse intervals are in the range of less than 3, 2.5, or 1.5 seconds. At present, input signals having pulse widths of 0.3 to 0.5 second and pulse intervals from 0.7 to 2 seconds are especially preferred. The input signal may have other pulse widths and intervals.
In 150 of
The biosensor measured the output signal intermittently during each pulse in
Preferably, the output current value from which the analyte concentration is determined is measured within less than 300 ms of applying the excitation pulse. More preferably, the output current value used to determine the analyte concentration of the sample is measured within less than 175 ms from applying an excitation pulse or within 10 to 150 ms of applying the pulse. More preferably still, the output current value from which concentration is determined is measured within 30 to 150 ms of applying an excitation pulse. At present, determining the concentration of the analyte from an output current value measured within 60 to 150 ms of applying an excitation pulse is especially preferred. Preferably, the pulse from which the analytic output current value is measured to determine the concentration of the analyte in the sample is applied within 11 seconds or less of applying the initial excitation pulse and is more preferably applied within 7 seconds or less applying the initial pulse.
In 160 of
During the relaxation 160, an ionizing agent, such as an oxidoreductase, may react with the analyte to generate additional measurable species without the effects of an electric potential. For example, a glucose biosensor including glucose oxidase and a ferricyanide mediator as reagents will produce additional ferrocyanide (reduced mediator) responsive to the analyte concentration of the sample without interference from an electric potential during the relaxation 160.
In 170 of
In 180 of
The sensor strip 504 has a base 506 that forms a reservoir 508 and a channel 510 with an opening 512. The reservoir 508 and the channel 510 may be covered by a lid with a vent. The reservoir 508 defines a partially-enclosed volume. The reservoir 508 may contain a composition that assists in retaining a liquid sample such as water-swellable polymers or porous polymer matrices. Reagents may be deposited in the reservoir 508 and/or channel 510. The reagents may include one or more enzymes, binders, mediators, and like species. The sensor strip 504 also may have a sample interface 514 disposed adjacent to the reservoir 508. The sample interface 514 may partially or completely surround the reservoir 508. The sensor strip 504 may have other configurations.
The sample interface 514 has conductors connected to a working electrode and a counter electrode. The electrodes may be substantially in the same plane or in more than one plane. Other separation distances between the electrodes and the lid may be used. The electrodes may be disposed on a surface of the base 506 that forms the reservoir 508. The electrodes may extend or project into the reservoir 508. A dielectric layer may partially cover the conductors and/or the electrodes. The sample interface 514 may have other electrodes and conductors.
The measurement device 502 includes electrical circuitry 516 connected to a sensor interface 518 and a display 520. The electrical circuitry 516 includes a processor 522 connected to a signal generator 524, an optional temperature sensor 526, and a storage medium 528.
The signal generator 524 provides an electrical input signal to the sensor interface 518 in response to the processor 522. The electrical input signal may be transmitted by the sensor interface 518 to the sample interface 514 to apply the electrical input signal to the sample of the biological fluid. The electrical input signal may be a potential or current and may be constant, variable, or a combination thereof, such as when an AC signal is applied with a DC signal offset. The electrical input signal may be applied as a single pulse or in multiple pulses, sequences, or cycles. The signal generator 524 also may record an output signal from the sensor interface as a generator-recorder.
The optional temperature sensor 526 determines the temperature of the sample in the reservoir of the sensor strip 504. The temperature of the sample may be measured, calculated from the output signal, or assumed to be the same or similar to a measurement of the ambient temperature or the temperature of a device implementing the biosensor system. The temperature may be measured using a thermister, thermometer, or other temperature sensing device. Other techniques may be used to determine the sample temperature.
The storage medium 528 may be a magnetic, optical, or semiconductor memory, another storage device, or the like. The storage medium 528 may be a fixed memory device, a removable memory device, such as a memory card, remotely accessed, or the like.
The processor 522 implements the analyte analysis and data treatment using computer readable software code and data stored in the storage medium 528. The processor 522 may start the analyte analysis in response to the presence of the sensor strip 504 at the sensor interface 518, the application of a sample to the sensor strip 504, in response to user input, or the like. The processor 522 directs the signal generator 524 to provide the electrical input signal to the sensor interface 518. The processor 522 may receive the sample temperature from the optional temperature sensor 526. The processor 522 receives the output signal from the sensor interface 518. The output signal is generated in response to the redox reaction of the analyte in the sample. The processor 522 measures the output signal within 300 ms of the application of an excitation pulse from the signal generator 524. The output signal is correlated with the analyte concentration of the sample using one or more correlation equations in the processor 522. The results of the analyte analysis may be output to the display 520 and may be stored in the storage medium 528.
The correlation equations relating analyte concentrations and output signals may be represented graphically, mathematically, a combination thereof, or the like. The correlation equations may be represented by a program number (PNA) table, another look-up table, or the like that is stored in the storage medium 528. Instructions regarding implementation of the analyte analysis may be provided by the computer readable software code stored in the storage medium 528. The code may be object code or any other code describing or controlling the functionality described herein. The data from the analyte analysis may be subjected to one or more data treatments, including the determination of decay rates, K constants, ratios, and the like in the processor 522.
The sensor interface 518 has contacts that connect or electrically communicate with the conductors in the sample interface 514 of the sensor strip 504. The sensor interface 518 transmits the electrical input signal from the signal generator 524 through the contacts to the connectors in the sample interface 514. The sensor interface 518 also transmits the output signal from the sample through the contacts to the processor 522 and/or signal generator 524.
The display 520 may be analog or digital. The display may be an LCD display adapted to displaying a numerical reading.
In use, a liquid sample for analysis is transferred into the reservoir 508 by introducing the liquid to the opening 512. The liquid sample flows through the channel 510, filling the reservoir 508 while expelling the previously contained air. The liquid sample chemically reacts with the reagents deposited in the channel 510 and/or reservoir 508.
The sensor strip 504 is disposed adjacent to the measurement device 502. Adjacent includes positions where the sample interface 514 is in electrical and/or optical communication with the sensor interface 518. Electrical communication includes the transfer of input and/or output signals between contacts in the sensor interface 518 and conductors in the sample interface 514. Optical communication includes the transfer of light between an optical portal in the sample interface 514 and a detector in the sensor interface 508. Optical communication also includes the transfer of light between an optical portal in the sample interface 514 and a light source in the sensor interface 508.
While various embodiments of the invention have been described, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that other embodiments and implementations are possible within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is not to be restricted except in light of the attached claims and their equivalents.
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|12 May 2009
Owner name: BAYER HEALTHCARE LLC, NEW YORK
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Effective date: 20080305
|5 Oct 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|23 Feb 2016
Owner name: ASCENSIA DIABETES CARE HOLDINGS AG, SWITZERLAND
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Effective date: 20160104


text:
Ethical Theory and Moral Practice
, Volume 15, Issue 2, pp 159-174
First online:
The Difference Between Moral and Rational "Oughts": An Expressivist Account
- Peter SchulteAffiliated withInstitut für Philosophie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Email author
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Morality and rationality are both normative: the moral claim "you ought to help others" is a genuine normative judgment, as well as the rational maxim "you ought to brush your teeth twice a day". But it seems that there is a crucial difference these two judgments. In the first part of this paper, I argue that this difference is to be understood as a difference between two kinds of normativity: demanding and recommending normativity. But the crucial task is, of course, to explain the difference. In the second part of this paper, I suggest that metaethical expressivists can provide a good explanation: by extending the analysis of ordinary (non-normative) demands and recommendations to normative judgments, they can formulate a convincing account that captures the key differences between morality and rationality.
KeywordsMetaethics Normativity Expressivism Moral judgments Rationality Speech acts
Reference tools
- Title
- The Difference Between Moral and Rational "Oughts": An Expressivist Account
- Journal
Ethical Theory and Moral Practice
Volume 15, Issue 2 , pp 159-174
- Cover Date
- 2012-04
- 10.1007/s10677-011-9276-9
- Print ISSN
- 1386-2820
- Online ISSN
- 1572-8447
- Publisher
- Springer Netherlands
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Metaethics
- Normativity
- Expressivism
- Moral judgments
- Rationality
- Speech acts
- Authors
- Peter Schulte (1)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Institut für Philosophie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Bismarckstr. 1, 91054, Erlangen, Germany

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INDIAN LAND - Indian Land High School senior Samaria Glenn searched from beneath her tasseled hat to find her mentor and friend, ILHS head basketball boys coach Nate Smith, after taking her final walk as a student Friday afternoon.
Glenn was one of 204 graduates in Indian Land's Class of 2016 and looks forward to a future studying marketing at Virginia Union University.
She took the moment to remember learning and laughing with Smith.
BUFORD – Buford High School three-sport star Autumn Rabon's days as a Lady Jackets ace and BHS student are dwindling, so she's making them special.
Monday was extraordinary for the 6-1 Buford High student-athlete as she signed a college scholarship to continue her education and track career at Winthrop University.
IRMO – The Class AA state title match was a tale of two halves, with the final 40 minutes a disappointing yet familiar storyline for five-time Upper State champion Indian Land High School Warriors.
The game Warriors battled hard, as they did in their previous four Class AA state title appearances, but came up short in a 4-1 loss to Class AA Lower State champion Bishop England.
The first half, with the determined Warriors blunting the Bishops' offensive threats, was a scoreless draw at Irmo High School's W.C. Hawkins Stadium on Friday night.
Chis Steele captured the SECA Crate Late Model win to highlight action at Lancaster Super Speedway on Saturday night.
Steele and Ted McDaniel were on the front row, and when the green flag fell, it was Steele, McDaniel, Benji Knight and Manley Chaney battling for the lead entering turn one.
A caution in turns one and two and resulted in a restart. When the race restarted, it was Steele, McDaniel, Knight and Chaney battling for the lead.
Carolina Christian Academy's eight-student graduation brought the family-like feel that one would expect from such a small class.
"Many of these students grew up together from elementary school," Principal Trina Coley said.
Family, friends, alumni and teachers filled over half of the gym in support of graduates: Mary Bethea, Brittany Craig, McKenzie Dean, Gavin Eubanks, Megan Hartberger, Devang Patel, Talbert Reece and James Sims.
INDIAN LAND – Will Van Hoose is returning to his West Virginia roots to continue his education and athletic career.
Van Hoose, an all-star wrestler at Indian Land and a former West Virginia resident, is headed back to the "Mountain State," with big plans.
Van Hoose, with an athletic and academic scholarship, will attend West Virginia Tech for college and wrestle for the Golden Bears.
Van Hoose made his decision official Wednesday when he signed with West Virginia Tech in the Indian Land High School media center.
Waccamaw, sparked by Patrick Golden's record effort, captured the Class AA state golf championship on Tuesday at the True Blue Golf Club on Pawley's Island True Blue Plantation.
Golden, for 36 holes, posted a sizzling 130 (67-63) to help WHS topped the field by 15 shots.
The Braves shot a 581 to top runner-up Bishop England with 596 strokes. Andrew Jackson, the four-time Region IV-AA champion, was third overall with a 621.
Pendleton posted a 635 to place fourth, two shots ahead of Ninety Six with a 637.
Upstate champion Buford and Lower State titlist Dillon will meet today in decisive game three at South Florence High School in Florence at 6:30 p.m. to determine the 2016 Class AA state softball champion.
Buford, unbeaten in the playoffs to start the best-of-three Class AA state title series, won the playoff opener, 3-0 behind right-hander Sydney Sullivan's one-hitter and nine strikeouts.
Dillon came back in game two at Buford, prevailing on a 5-3 win in nine innings.
KERSHAW – The festering controversy about who chooses street names within Kershaw's town limits has come to an abrupt halt.
The town's elected officials last week unanimously passed first reading of an ordinance that makes town council the final authority on any name changes recommended by the Lancaster County Planning Commission.
I love to read those great stories in the Bible of adventure, intrigue and excitement. Stories that trace the steps of people who lived life to the fullest, facing insurmountable odds and overwhelming obstacles.
Their stories have been saved for future generations to read, enjoy and learn. What am I supposed to learn from the story of Abraham, Moses, Joseph, Peter, Paul, Jesus or countless others?
Copyright © 2016
The Lancaster News is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Lancaster County and Lancaster, South Carolina, and the surrounding area..


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Indoor or outdoor workout?
Sports and relaxation at Sheraton Congress Hotel Frankfurt
The spa beckons with wonderful treats to soothe the body and lull the senses. Our city woods and the Sheraton Fitness with pool, sauna & steam bath offer ideal places to jog and work out. Discover the running routes »
After a hard day of work why not come to our wellness center to relax and recharge your batteries? Or maybe you would prefer a work-out? No problem!
For more information our philosophy, exciting apps and helpful tips, please visit us at sheratonfitness.com


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Product Reviews
Look pretty much similar, but there are huge ugly white tags you have to cut off. They're smaller than you might expect, and don't have the sturdiness of a pillow you want for your couch. It's also one piece, so there's no cover you can wash which is annoying if you were to get them dirty.
- How did the color on site compare with the actual product? Accurate
- Please tell us about the quality of the product. Mediocre
- How accurate was the on site description of the product? Pretty accurate
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LAKE BUENA VISTA, Fla. Its billed as The ultimate runners night out, and the Disney Wine & Dine Half Marathon is all that and a couple days of fun at Walt Disney World Resort.
A sellout field of more than 12,500 participants will begin a 13.1-mile course through three theme parks at 10 p.m. Oct. 1, 2011. Along the way, therell be Disney entertainment. And after the finish, theres a special after-hours party inside the Epcot International Food & Wine Festival until 3 a.m. on Oct. 2.
The weekend also features:
- Disney Halloween 5K a fun-filled course through Disneys Animal Kingdom Oct. 1, 2011 (7 a.m.)
- Disney Kids Races something for crawlers (12 months old and younger) to children ages 7-8 at ESPN Wide World of Sports track & field complex Oct. 1, 2011 (10 a.m.)
- Disney Health & Fitness Expo There will be seminars on training, racing, and nutrition featuring speakers and panelists from the world of running plus Official Disney Wine & Dine Half Marathon Merchandise and the latest in apparel and fitness equipment in HP Field House and Jostens Center at ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex Sept. 30, 2011 (10 a.m.-8 p.m.) and Oct. 1, 2011 (9 a.m.-4 p.m.)


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University of Richmond
Modlin Center for the Arts
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UR Symphony Orchestra
Thursday, December 3, 2015 at 7:30 p.m.
Camp Concert Hall, Booker Hall of Music
Maestro Kordzaia and the UR Symphony Orchestra will present 2015 Concerto/Aria competition winner Solomon Quinn performing the first movement of Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 2 in C minor, Op. 18, 1st movement as well as Beethoven's Symphony No. 1 in C major, Op. 21.
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Modlin Center for the Arts, 28 Westhampton Way, University of Richmond, VA 23173
(804) 289-8980


text: Sally Pressman Is a Mom Posted on April 13, 2013 by Sarah C. by Sarah C. Sally Pressman Army Wives alumna Sally Pressman is a mom for real! The actress — whose Army Wives character is a mother of four — welcomed her first baby on April 10th. A rep for the actress confirmed to US... More


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My sister and I went on a 3 night break to Paris last month and booked this hotel after extensive TA research. We would both happily return! We got the RER from the airport straight to (a very snowy!) Luxembourg and found the hotel very easily. The RER took about half an hour. Stephanie greeted us and was very friendly... More
What is Certificate of Excellence?
TripAdvisor gives a Certificate of Excellence to accommodations, attractions and restaurants that consistently earn great reviews from travellers.


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Two production companies known for their friendliness to female-centric and women-driven projects have announced a merger.
Christine Vachon and Pam Koffler's Killer Films -- the outfit behind Kimberly Peirce's Boys Don't Cry and Mary Harron's I Shot Andy Warhol and The Notorious Bettie Page -- will fuse with Adrienne Becker's emerging multimedia incubator Glass Elevator.
Koffler said the merger process came about in a "natural, organic and unpremeditated" manner after the two companies worked together on director Susanne Bier's This Beautiful Life, an adaptation of Helen Shulman's novel about the aftermath of a viral video of a local teenage girl.
Though the new hybrid company will be known as Killer Content and produce projects for TV and the web as well as for theatrical distribution, feature films will continue to be released under the Killer Films label.


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Admission: Free
Meeting Place: Visitor Center
Come by the visitor center and color a picture. Ribbons are given for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd place winners. Meet back at the visitor center at 11 a.m. to see who won!
Explore White Oak Lake State Park with our helpful maps and brochures! Just click on an icon to view, or right-click on your mouse to save a
copy to your computer.


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Journal of Cancer Survivorship
, 5:271
First online:
Adult cancer survivorship care: experiences from the LIVESTRONG centers of excellence network
- Marci K. CampbellAffiliated withDepartment of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillUNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center Email author
- , Irene TessaroAffiliated withUNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
- , Mindy GellinAffiliated withUNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
- , Carmina G. ValleAffiliated withDepartment of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillUNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
- , Shannon GoldenAffiliated withGoldsmith Research Group
- , Leanne KayeAffiliated withDepartment of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- , Patricia A. GanzAffiliated withJonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles
- , Mary S. McCabeAffiliated withMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
- , Linda A. JacobsAffiliated withAbramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania
- and 4 more
- , Karen SyrjalaAffiliated withBiobehavioral Sciences Department, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
- , Barbara AndersonAffiliated withOhio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center
- , Alison F. JonesAffiliated withUniversity of Colorado Cancer Center
- , Kenneth MillerAffiliated withDana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University
- Show less
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The objectives of this study were to characterize survivorship models of care across eight LIVESTRONG Survivorship Center of Excellence (COE) Network sites and to identify barriers and facilitators influencing survivorship care.
Using the framework of the Chronic Care Model (CCM), quantitative and qualitative methods of inquiry were conducted with the COEs. Methods included document reviews, key informant telephone interviews with 39 participants, online Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (ACIC) surveys with 40 participants, and three site visits.
Several overarching themes emerged in qualitative interviews and were substantiated by quantitative methods. Health system factors supporting survivorship care include organization and leadership commitment and program champions at various levels of the health care team. System barriers include reimbursement issues, lack of space, and the need for leadership commitment to support changes in clinical practices as well as having program "champions" among clinical staff. Multiple models of care include separate survivorship clinics and integrated models as well as consultative models. COEs' scores on the ACIC survey showed overall "reasonable support" for survivorship care; however, the clinical information system domain was least developed. Although the ACIC findings indicated "reasonable support" for self-management, the qualitative analysis revealed that self-management support was largely limited to health promotion provided in clinic-based education and counseling sessions, with few COEs providing patients with self-management tools and interventions.
The CCM framework captured experiences and challenges of these COEs and provided insight into the current state of survivorship care in the context of National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer centers. Findings showed that cancer patients and providers could benefit from clinical information systems that would better identify candidates for survivorship care and provide timely information. In addition, a crucial area for development is self-management support outside of clinical care.
Implications for cancer survivors
Cancer survivors may benefit from learning about the experience and challenges faced by the eight LIVESTRONG Centers of Excellence in developing programs and models for cancer survivorship care, and these findings may inform patient and caregiver efforts to seek, evaluate, and advocate for quality survivorship programs designed to meet their needs.
KeywordsCancer Cancer survivorship Chronic care model Health care
Reference tools
- Title
- Adult cancer survivorship care: experiences from the LIVESTRONG centers of excellence network
- Journal
Journal of Cancer Survivorship
- Online Date
- May 2011
- 10.1007/s11764-011-0180-z
- Print ISSN
- 1932-2259
- Online ISSN
- 1932-2267
- Publisher
- Springer US
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Cancer
- Cancer survivorship
- Chronic care model
- Health care
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- Marci K. Campbell (1) (2)
- Irene Tessaro (2)
- Mindy Gellin (2)
- Carmina G. Valle (1) (2)
- Shannon Golden (3)
- Leanne Kaye (1)
- Patricia A. Ganz (4)
- Mary S. McCabe (5)
- Linda A. Jacobs (6)
- Karen Syrjala (7)
- Barbara Anderson (8)
- Alison F. Jones (9)
- Kenneth Miller (10)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7461, 1700 Martin Luther King Blvd room 316, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- 2. UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- 3. Goldsmith Research Group, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- 4. Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- 5. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- 6. Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- 7. Biobehavioral Sciences Department, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- 8. Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- 9. University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- 10. Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA


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Home > News > Canon to Introduce Stepper for Mass Production of 65-Nano Chips
December 9th, 2004
Canon to Introduce Stepper for Mass Production of 65-Nano Chips
Canon's new steppers, which are optical gear used to etch computer-chip circuits onto silicon wafers, can mass-produce 65- nanometer chips and may go into production in 2007 or 2008, Hiroshi Matsumoto, a manager at the Tokyo-based company's semiconductor planning division, said in an interview Friday.
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Murry D. Branch, 58, of Siloam, died Thursday, April 4, 2002. Watts Funeral Home, Union Point, has charge of arrangements.
Johnny Darrisaw of 250 W. Dougherty St., Apartment 511, Athens, died Thursday, April 4, 2002. Jackson-McWhorter Funeral Home has charge of arrangements.
Matilda Kidd Fleming, 71, of 2130 Main St., Apartment 3-B, Comer, died Friday, April 5, 2002. Brown Funeral Home, Danielsville, has charge of arrangements.
Reginald Peek, 63, of Forsyth, formerly of Athens, died Friday, April 5, 2002. Jackson-Whorter Funeral Home has charge of arrangements.
Published in the Athens Banner-Herald on Saturday, April 6, 2002.
Athens, GA ? Athens Banner-Herald © 2016. All Rights Reserved. | Terms of Service | Privacy Policy / About Our Ads | Content Removal Policy


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Sunday, May 29, 2016
Hilton Aruba Caribbean Resort & Casino
Some travelers consider their vacation a time for relaxation and sipping cocktails on the sand amid the sounds of distant rolling waves. Others are looking for a life-enriching adventure filled with experiences aimed at providing rejuvenation for both body and mind. At Hilton Aruba, you can have both. The resort's Discover Programs are daily, complimentary activities that focus on the diverse wants and needs of today's travelers. Designed to fit all lifestyles, activities range from yoga, stretching, condition training, ocean swims and more. Whether you're looking to stay fit while on the road, rest up and relax on the beach, or challenge yourself with a fun new activity, the Discover Program offers endless options for a completely customized experience. Guests can reference the Discover Program board in the lobby to take advantage of these scheduled activities free of charge. The Hilton Aruba aims to make your vacation exactly that...your vacation. Whether you look for adventure, relaxation or rejuvenation, the Hilton has activities to suit you. Beach runs and ocean swims, yoga and complimentary massage clinics, vacationers can tailor their experience to include as many or as few activities as desired. The resort has three beautiful and distinct towers. The Curacao and Bonaire towers are surrounded by tropical gardens with views of the pool and beach and the Aruba tower rises above the property to overlook the island and Caribbean Sea. Every room has a private balcony or patio with airport quality glass so the sounds of the tropics don't wake you a moment too soon. The serene Eforea Spa uses indigenous ingredients and traditional techniques to calm the mind and body. The signature Sunset Grille and the Mira Solo Martini & Wine Bar delight foodies with new menus and tropical cocktails. The Casino invites you to try your luck under the stars in the unique starlit-theme casino. Live music by the pool, unique bird interaction sessions, and fun activities for your kids all create memories for you to cherish until your next Aruban vacation.
Check in time: 4PM, Check out time: 12PM, Casino - on site, Beach - on site, lush gardens, Pool, Fitness Center
flat screen TV, clock radio, safe, wi-fi internet, spacious balconies or private patios, newspaper complimentary.
restaurant, bars, pool, laundry facilities, beachfront, public Internet, public Wi-Fi.
Please reference the Discover Program board in the lobby to take advantage of these scheduled activities free of charge.
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Official Sponsors Of Home Brew TalkClick Here To View Current Sponsor Deals & New Products
Since 2005, Coldbreak Brewing has been manufacturing quality USA made homebrewing equipment and jockey boxes. From one piece false bottoms to kettle-specific immersion chillers, we build the products to adapt to your equipment.
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Grandstand was founded in 1988 to provide high-quality, custom sportswear and glassware. Our goal is to provide an excellent screen-printing experience to our customers at the lowest possible price with the fastest possible turnaround. Our hard work has earned us 1000's of returning clients and friends. Give Grandstand a call and see what we can do for you.
Design Made Simple. From napkin sketches to finished parts, we can simplify your design needs from beginning to end. Introducing Ben's Bottle Washer. Wash 24 bottles at a time, inside and out, in your dishwasher!
Great Fermentations is a home beer and wine making supply shop based out of Indiana (the Hoosier state!). We've got a large selection of the finest and freshest ingredients, and all the equipment you'll need to make a great fermentation. Whether you're a beginner looking to learn about making your own beer or wine, or a seasoned veteran, we've got what you need to help you and your craft.
BeerClings are beer labels for the home brewer. Our labels are 100% reuseable and customizable. BeerClings.com currently offers many stylish labels that look great on any bottle of home brew. We also offer the ability to upload your own custom beer label. Please make sure to check back often for new designs. What makes BeerClings unique is that they are not stickers, the proffessional custom design is printed on viny material which makes them reusable.
Brewhardware.com has built a reputation for offering the best retrofit sight glass kits available to the homebrew market with a consistent high level of customer support. Sight Glasses, Thermometers, Refractometers, Scales, Timers, Valves, Bulkheads, Diptubes, Heat Shields, Silicone Tubing, Camlocks and an assortment of clever gadgets. We challenge you to find an unhappy customer of ours.
We build the best home brewing system on the market utilizing 100% stainless steel construction, professional grade TIG welds, and sanitary tri-clamp fittings throughout the entire brew system. This allows the user trouble-free plug & play operation, ease of cleaning, superior efficiency, reproducability, and industry proven reliability. We are a small metal working company that is proudly locally owned based in Eugene, Oregon. We specialize in building all equipment for complete beer production systems, stainless steel TIG welding, fabrication, repair and brewery support. We love brewing beer and creating high-quality, functional art. From our Pro Pilot Brewing Systems, to our Uni-fermentors, and specially designed accessories, there's something for every brewer whether new to the hobby or a seasoned veteran. Our company has a simple objective: to provide our customers with the highest level of craftsmanship and customer service with a friendly and professional approach. Thanks for visiting and be sure to enjoy!
We are a homebrew store that sells Hops and brewing equipment. We sell our Hops in 2oz and 1LB bags. All of our Hops are stored at -10F and stored in thick Mylar bags with a convenient tear notch.
Offering homebrew kegging hardware at H-O-T prices! We do our best to bring you a selection of kegging items but stay focused on what we know we can provide better than anyone else. New kegs, various sizes of CO2 tanks, regulators and accessories.
We offer the same high quality ingredients and supplies at affordable prices. Our treasure horde of brewing supplies can satisfy your every need. A verified military family-owned business.
Spike Brewing specializes in producing high quality stainless steel home brewing kettles that have had couplers sanitary TIG welded in for use with valves, thermometers, etc.
Our goal is to supply the finest draft beer equipment in the industry at a affordable price that will allow anyone to keg their home brew! We also sell a complete line of home brewing ingredients and commercial draft beer equipment. We believe in FANATICAL customer service!
Ohmbrew Automations has designed and built a programmable thermostat, called the "Fermostat", that can precisely control the temperature of a beer during the fermentation phase of homebrewing. Ohmbrew Automations is a new company created by Caleb Wangerin with the intention of improving the electronic hardware available to the homebrewing community.
Bell's General Store is part of Bell's Brewery, Inc. In 1983 Larry Bell began homebrewing and went on to start Bell's Brewery in 1985. Throughout the last 28 years, Bell's has maintained our commitment to homebrewing and the homebrewing community. Bell's Brewery is dedicated to supporting the homebrewing community through education and making homebrew supplies easily accessible. Bell's features homebrewing kits, equipment, ingredients and prices that are designed with new homebrewers in mind. Homebrewers can find a wide variety of homebrewing goods both at our Bell's General Store in Kalamazoo and our online General Store at Bellsbeer.com/store. Both also offer a full line of of Bell's Brewery Merchandise.
Maker of custom bottle caps and labels for homebrewers. Low prices, low minimums, and no design limits. Upload your logo online today, and bottle your batch in style.
Water filtration, softening, reverse osmosis and UV treatment for breweries and distilleries. Buckeye Hydro offers custom design, water testing, sales, and service for commercial ventures and home brewers alike. Good water makes good beer - what can we do for your water? Visit us at www.BuckeyeHydro.com today!
The Grape and Granary is a family-operated business which is dedicated to serving your home beer brewing and winemaking needs. We are wine and beer enthusiasts and consumers of our own products.
Over 70 varieties of hops sold in semi-bulk 4/oz packages,hops starting at $.70/oz. Grain, yeast, kegging equipment
The Grainfather takes the best brewing practices from craft breweries and puts them into a simple to use, all in one system to ensure everyone can brew a professional craft beer at home, no matter their brewing experience. Available internationally. Enquire through our website.
INKBIRD is a home automation brand and we specialize in temperature control system products.ITC-308 is specially designed for home brewing by us. This product has Plug and Play design with dual relay, be able to connect with refrigeration and heating equipment easily to realize ideal temperature control. Its equipped with dual LED display, and offers display options of Centigrade and Fahrenheit, enabling more humanized temperature control. With large output power 1,000W, its suitable for most applications.
We've put more art into homebrewing. Three years ago, brothers Bill and Jim Mitchell's frustrations with homebrewing prompted the duo to look to create an entirely new brewing process. Jim, a food chemist and physicist, desired to incorporate more control in the process of beer brewing on a small scale. Bill, having been building software, boards, and appliances for decades, knew this was possible. The two joined forces with engineer Avi Geiger in 2010 and formed PicoBrew. A few years (and many pints of beer) later, the first PicoBrew Zymatic was born. The Zymatic improves the precision, repeatability, and overall quality of the beer-brewing experience. It allows you to slightly modify each individual batch, to fine tune your beer to your individual taste. Now every home brewer can truly focus on the art of flavor and style with each batch of beer.
Low prices on pellet hops from 2oz packs on up! $5 Flat Rate Shipping to all 50 states and great international rates. We supply breweries and homebrew shops as well.
WILSERBREWER BREW IN BAG "BIAB" BAGS Top Quality custom sized BIAB bags at reasonable prices. We make "brew in a bag" bags for kettles, keggles and coolers. Custom work available, hop bags for boil or dry hop to meet your needs.
The FastRack is quickly becoming the answer for quality, time-saving solutions for all homebrewing needs.
Homebrew Supply is a full service walk-in and e-commerce store selling home brewing equipment kits, equipment and ingredients. In addition to homebrew gear and supplies we also stock wine making, cheese making, kombucha and sake ingredients and equipment.
Ss Brewing Technologies is committed to delivering innovative yet affordable brewer's grade stainless steel products to both home and professional brewers. The benefits of stainless steel over commonly used plastics in brewing are numerous and well documented. Our launch product, The Brew Bucket, epitomizes our philosophy perfectly: it has innovative and patent pending design features, it is built with high quality brewer's grade stainless steel materials, and it is being sold a price point that is compelling for home brewers as an alternative to either a cheap plastic bucket on one end or an uber-expensive conical on the other.
From Grain to Glass is a family-run homebrew and winemaking supply store. Our mission is to provide a wide variety of high quality products as affordably for our customers as possible. We offer grains from world-renowned maltsters, the freshest hops from Hopunion, and an extensive variety of yeast strains. We specialize in individual care and attention for each and every customer.
Brewer's Friend is a collection of tools specific to the home brewer. Calculators, Recipes, Water Profiles, and more!
Manufacturers of the famous "Jaybird" false bottoms, whirlpool paddles, and accessories. Located in Redding, California. Full service beer, wine, soda and spirits equipment and supplies. Specializing in keggle conversions. $9.95 flat rate shipping!
Do you ever take your car into a touchless car wash only to notice that film of dirt still your car when you're done? The only way to really wash your car is to scrub it yourself! Right? We think the same goes for the inside of your carboy! Watch the video. We developed and filed a Patent for the Carboy Cleaner because we decided we were done using that bristle brush which all the while we knew it didn't even clean that well anyway! Try using plain water in what you think is a "Clean" Keg or Carboy and see for yourself how dirty the water is when you are done cleaning. As they say, "the proof of the pudding is in the eating!" Try the Carboy Cleaner Today!
Not all homebrewers brew with the same methods, so why should all homebrewers chill their wort the same? We here at JaDeD Brewing strive to offer the most wort chilling information and options so that you can make an informed decision before you spend your hard earned money on your new homebrewing equipment. Check out all of our innovative new products!
Welcome! You've just discovered the fastest, most economical brewing option available to home brewers. If you want to brew great beer using a simple, cost effective, reliable process, the Brew In A Bag (BIAB) method is for you. Brew Your Own magazine's Nov-Dec 2013 poll confirms that 75% of home brewer's are either already using a BIAB bag, or want to learn how. It is our goal to make the Brew In A Bag method the viable alternative to the typical three-tier sparge process by both new and experienced brewers. You're gonna love saying "This 12oz beer cost less than $.35 cents!" The Brew Bag use it again and again - over fifty brews and still going...


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1 Madison Down Satin Shell Coat Dyed Fox Fur Trim (For Women)
CLOSEOUTS. With a truly luxe look and feel, 1 Madisonand39s Down Satin Shell coat surrounds you in softness and class thanks to its buttery soft and satiny matte finish. Dyed fox fur trim on the hood is supremely soft, and the down insulation makes t...
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1 Madison Heavyweight Parka (For Women)
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Under pressure, Boy Scouts may ease no-gays policy
The Scouts had reaffirmed the no-gays policy as recently as last year and appeared to have strong backing from the conservative religious denominations that sponsor large numbers of Scout units. Under the proposed change, they could continue excluding gays.
Before Monday's announcement, the BSA conferred with some leaders of these religious groups, including the Rev. Frank Page, who leads the Southern Baptist Executive Committee.
According to Roger S. Oldham, a spokesman for the executive committee, Page then wrote to the Scouts "expressing his tremendous dismay at the decision."
"They had been working for months on this proposal and just days before they informed us," Oldham said in a telephone interview. "We would anticipate that there would be a very significant backlash to this as churches re-evaluate whether scouting comports with their values."
If the Scouts proceed with the change, Oldham said, SBC leaders were likely to issue a statement "expressing disappointed and encouraging our churches to support alternative boys organizations."
Neither the Catholic Church nor the Mormons' Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints issued official statements as to how they would respond.
Said Sister Mary Ann Walsh, a spokeswoman for the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, "The bishops hope the Boy Scouts will continue to work under the Judeo-Christian principles upon which they were founded and under which they have served youth well."
Were the change adopted, said BSA spokesman Smith, "there would no longer be any national policy regarding sexual orientation."
"BSA members and parents would be able to choose a local unit that best meets the needs of their families," he said. "Under this proposed policy, the BSA would not require any chartered organization to act in ways inconsistent with that organization's mission, principles, or religious beliefs."
The announcement came shortly after new data showed that membership in the Cub Scouts - the BSA's biggest division - dropped sharply last year and was down nearly 30 percent over the past 14 years.
According to figures provided by the organization, Cub Scout ranks dwindled by 3.4 percent, from 1,583,166 in 2011 to 1,528,673 in 2012. That's down from 2.17 million in 1998.
The BSA's overall "traditional youth membership" - Cub Scouts, Boy Scouts and Venturers - totaled 2,658,794 in 2012, compared to more than 4 million in peak years of the past.
The Boy Scouts attribute the decline largely to broad social changes, including the allure of video games and the proliferation of youth sports leagues and other options for after-school activities.
However, critics of the Scouts suggest that its recruitment efforts have been hampered by high-profile controversies - notably the court-ordered release of files dealing with sex abuse allegations and persistent protests over the no-gays policy.
The Scouts have been buffeted in recent years by multiple court cases related to past allegations of sexual abuse by Scout leaders, including those chronicled in long-confidential records that are widely known as the "perversion files."
Through various cases, the Scouts have been forced to reveal files dating from the 1960s to 1991. They detailed numerous cases where abuse claims were made and Boy Scout officials never alerted authorities and sometimes actively sought to protect the accused.
The BSA has apologized for past lapses and cover-ups and has stressed the steps taken to improve youth protection policy. Since 2010, for example, it has mandated that any suspected abuse be reported to police.
Associated Press writers John Seewer in Toledo, Ohio, and Rachel Zoll in New York contributed to this report.
Boy Scouts: http://www.scouting.org/
David Crary can be reached at http://twitter.com/CraryAP
The Associated Press


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5.1 Channel Audio System Triple 3.5mm jacks accept bothstereo input and 5.1 channel input
£55.39 inc VAT
The M1550, a 5.1 speaker system by Edifier is an efficient mini home theatre solution, or simply a speaker system for optimal surround sound. The wooden encased subwoofer provides rich sound while the volume is controlled with ease via the wired remote controller. Triple 3.5mm jacks allow the ability for both stereo input signal and 5.1 channel input signal.
Do you have you a question about the Edifier M1550 5.1 Speaker System?
No one has submitted a review yet, be the first one!
CCL Computers Ltd
Inmoor Road
Off Cross Lane
Copyright © 2016 CCL Computers


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Our North Bay Campus is home to state-of-the-art facilities like the Harris Learning Library and the R.J. Surtees Student Athletics Centre. Customize your learning experience in our Applied and Professional Studies, Arts and Science, and Education degree programs.
Located within driving distance of Orillia and Barrie, our stunning Muskoka Campus located in the heart of Bracebridge offers a number of humanities programs including Child and Family Studies and Liberal Arts.
The Concurrent Education program at our Brantford Campus is offered in partnership with Laurier Brantford. Graduates receive an Honours Bachelor of Arts in Society, Culture & Environment from Laurier Brantford and a Bachelor of Education from Nipissing.
The Office of Aboriginal Initiatives (OAI) welcomes you and
your family to Nipissing University. In Nipissing dialect, Enji giigdoyang translates roughly to mean "where we come to meet,
discuss and talk about things," which is the culture we hope to foster.
Our goal is to help you successfully complete your degree or
diploma program at Nipissing University while enriching your campus experience.
enjoy laughter and warm bannock. We honour each other's life experiences and
welcome you to join our family.
We can also show you around the university, help you find resources, and
answer questions. We organize many social, cultural and educational events and
activities throughout the year, so keep your eyes out for our events and
check the events calendar on the website.
Know that our doors are always open in room F215. We look forward
to seeing you.
We offer:
Enji Giigdoyang Student Lounge and Sacred Space
Annual Welcome
Elder in Residence
Enji Giigdoyang
Speaker Series
Aboriginal Mentorship Initiatives
Biidaaban Community
Debwendizon: Annual
Aboriginal Youth Education Gathering for prospective Aboriginal students
Indigenous Week
© Nipissing University
2016 • Disclaimer • Privacy • Accessibility


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May 28, 2016
The Ten Commandments, the motto "In God We Trust" and Jesus' teachings from the Sermon on the Mount could be displayed in any Mississippi public building under a bill passed by the House Tuesday.
The bill originally was written to allow contracts for parking spaces at public buildings and was amended during a spirited debate. It returns to the Senate for more consideration.
Rep. Tommy Reynolds of Water Valley persuaded House members to allow the display of the Beatitudes, the teachings from the Sermon on the Mount about the meek inheriting the Earth and peacemakers being blessed. The Beatitudes are in the book of Matthew.
The movement to display religious texts in Mississippi taxpayer-funded buildings comes a week after the U.S. Supreme Court heard arguments in cases from Texas and Kentucky on whether Ten Commandments displays are lawful on public property.
Since 2001, Mississippi has had a law requiring the motto "In God We Trust" to be posted in every public school classroom.
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- 130Promote
iPhone & iPod Touch Skins
Almost Goneby Biff Rendar
Skins are thin, easy-to-remove, vinyl decals for customizing your device. Skins are made from a patented material that eliminates air bubbles and wrinkles for easy application.
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Beautiful colors, beautiful capture!
beautiful work, Biff! Great colors!
Thanks so much TaLins & Laura!
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Thanks so much Deepti & Sarah!
such a beauty
Amazing colors!
Thanks Beverly & Beth!
excellent capture, Biff!!!
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Thank you Aleksandra, Galaxy, & Jimi!
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Thank you Debbie!
Thanks Andre!
Stunning image... well done! Love the richness in the sunset..
Thanks Captive Images, the best part is I took this from my back porch.
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Yikes, seems a couple passed me by ; ( = Cheers!
Thanks so much Michael!
stunning sunset biff
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Awesome Beauty, Biff! ***
Thank you CrismanArt!
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(3 reviews)
|product name: Salvador Dali DALILIGHT
Mini Eau de Toilette Spray (5ml)
|item no.: 105154803001
|brand: Salvador Dali
|ative from: 2013-06-18 00:00:00
|product size: 5 ml
|country of origin: Italy
|category: Sample
Salvador Dali designed a special bottle for the perfume. The ideal of this bottle is originated in Dalissime first generation's bottle, which was inspired by the 1946 Salvador Dali art painting patterns. Bottles and packaging are transparent in ice blue, displaying the fresh floral and fruity. Bottle captures the curve of female faces, embodies a women's charm and pure. The blue water as if wandering in the embrace of nature which is full of clear water and wind. You definitely should not miss the perfect fragrance.
Top notes: lemom, tangerine, apple
Middle Notes: lily, peach, jasmine
Base notes: cedarwood, amber, musk
Recommended for daytime causal wear. Apply on neck, back of the ears or pulse points after bathing or before going out.


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Archive - 2013 - News / NCAA Daily
December 22nd
Wasatch Academy dominates Pennsylvania team
On Sun, 12/22/2013 - 3:11pm.
The Salt Lake Tribune/Bubba Brown
Tarkanian Classic could put Wasatch Academy on the map
On Sun, 12/22/2013 - 3:09pm.
The Salt Lake Tribune/Bubba Brown
2A boys' basketball: Wasatch Academy champs in any language
On Sun, 12/22/2013 - 3:08pm.
The Salt Lake Tribune/Christopher Kamrani
Wasatch Academy, South Sevier are clear-cut favorites in 2A
On Sun, 12/22/2013 - 3:06pm.
Deseret News/James Edward
2013 Tarkanian Classic Day 3 Recap
On Sun, 12/22/2013 - 2:56pm.
City League Hoops/Rodger Bohn
Related Players:
Cullen Neal shoots Lobos past Marquette 75-68
On Sun, 12/22/2013 - 2:53pm.
The Santa Fe New Mexican
Related Players:
O'Connell turns back Potomac (Md.), 78-72
On Sun, 12/22/2013 - 2:25pm.
The Washington Post/Chelsea Janes
Related Players:
DMV Tip-Off Classic: St. John's defeats Wise, 74-61
On Sun, 12/22/2013 - 2:21pm.
The Washington Post/Roman Stubbs
Related Players:
Riverdale Baptist tops DuVal behind Chinanu Onuaku and Taron Oliver
On Sun, 12/22/2013 - 2:19pm.
The Washington Post/Chelsea Janes
Related Players:
Seton Hall recruit Angel Delgado enrolls at Patrick School
On Sun, 12/22/2013 - 2:16pm.
Newark Star-Ledger/Jeremy Schneider
Related Players:


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SXSW Filmmakers In Focus: Artist & Repertoire, The Smart Studios Story, Soundbreaking
In today's edition of Filmmakers In Focus meet 3 directors in our 24 Beats Per Second screening. Bonus: Open to all Music badges!
In today's edition of Filmmakers In Focus meet 3 directors in our 24 Beats Per Second screening. Bonus: Open to all Music badges!
From personalized pointers to exclusive access to the hottest parties and prizes at SXSW, Esurance has you covered in Austin.
Each year SXSW Gaming brings the biggest names in Gaming to Austin, and it doesn't get bigger than 50 million followers globally with our star-studded lineup of YouTubers.
This year we're proud to highlight the following sessions on our SXSW Gaming Geek Stage...
Last week, we announced SXSW Comedy's 2016 lineup, outlining over a week of live standup, improv, podcast recordings, parties, and more.
In today's edition of Filmmakers In Focus, get to know some of the filmmakers featured in the SXSW Animated Shorts Program.
Discover how Google is addressing the refugee crisis, how educators and entrepreneurs can band together to battle the gun violence epidemic, and how design thinking can elevate your chosen cause above the noise. The SXgood Hub unites attendees across SXSW to create meaningful collaborations and explore the breakthrough initiatives driving...
With the start of the 2016 SXSW Film Conference right around the corner, it's time to start planning your moment-to-moment schedule.
We're thrilled to announce the addition of a work-in-progress screening of Sausage Party. The screening will take place on Monday, March 14 and is open to all SXSW badges.