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Skip to comments.Luther, Calvin, and Other Early Protestants on the Perpetual Virginity of Mary
Posted on 06/24/2003 3:49:56 PM PDT by Patrick Madrid
click here to read article
I have to admit - this one has me scratching my head in befuddlement......please illustrate for all (with links) where I laced the dialogue with ad homs and name calling. I made no mention of Mary's veneration or the plausability of the co-redemptrix notion, nor did I address the papacy.
Your assertion is baseless - teetering closely to a lie
Perhaps you are confusing me with RobbyS, who had a post deleted for same.
Posted by RobbyS to Revelation 911
On Religion 06/25/2003 9:50 PM EDT #89 of 101
Catholics are the only true Christians. All others who claim to be Christian are schismatics and heretics :-).
Psalm 12:
3 May the LORD cut off all flattering lips and every boastful tongue
Now, while Im responding to you for the last time, please note it is impolite to speak of another freeper with whom you agree or otherwise without including the freeper in the post mentioning him, her.
enjoy your day Pat
Oh, I just looked them up. One of their websites states that they were formed in 1457. That's a pretty long time after Christ.
so numbers denote success?
Catholics - ....meet the LDS Mormons
....and solidifying doctrine in 1854 regarding Marys perpetual virginity isn't?
By that token - anyone who held that position beforhand was a heretic
So - taking it to another extension - Calvin - Wesley and Luther were "heretics" then for affirming Marys perpetual virginity and "ok" now, as it suits the argument and Pope Pius IX says its "kosher" (he he)
(quotation marks used figuratively)
....can you honestly grasp how nonsensical it looks from the outside
Yes, everything looks different from the outside. Can you imagine how Christianity looks to an outsider? To understand, you must shed your prejudice and be as a child: trust completely, be curious and have faith. Come inside, again, it can be done. Thats what happened to me.
no salvation outside the church? - specifically what case?
My opinion is the Bible will never steer me wrong -
spend a minute and look at what your saying - youve totally excluded Christ and faith
No, but they say something about a church, "which the gates of hell will not prevail against."
I don't know where you get this idea. The church always believed in the perpetual virginity of Mary, and restated it in 1854, because heretics were refuting it. Not because it wasn't true before.
...can you honestly grasp how nonsensical it looks from the outside
To be honest, I think your bias against the Church has blinded you from the truth. Your argument is nonsensical. The Church has remained constant in its belief about Mary for more than 2000 years, and if you can't see that as proof of the truth, then I can't help you. God chose a human woman to bear His son and carry Him in her womb and give birth to Him and raise Him. The bible, 2000 years of faithful Christians and common sense all hold that Mary remained a virgin for life.
I believe that God wants us to honor and respect His Holy Mother.
I disagree - they say nothing more than theres a lot of people attending. It speaks nothing to thier spiritual condition, thier faith or thier assurance of salvation.
Like I said - by that measure - Mormons are doing something right, when you and I know that not to be the case
Matthew 18:20For where two or three come together in my name, there am I with them."
silly me relying solely on Scripture again
I did ..... and I appreciate those prayers - I'd also appreciate them for my Catholic lesbian sister, my now dead Uncle who was excommunicated for marrying a Presbyterian (he was incidentally the finest Christian I have ever met) and my now deceased Grandparents who left the faith in the 40's after a priest made a pass at my Grandmother (They found a home in the Pentecostal movement).
Likewise, I will pray for you
No argument there - I think the fly in the ointment is the extreme to which it is carried in Catholicism (excepting of course the subject of our present chat)
For preists, no - for devoutly faithful family - yes
just how many aspects of romanism are extrabiblical in origin -
man will steer you wrong
- Gods Word is the truth
I'll stick with truth
There are a zillion different interpretations by Protestants, and you've already granted that every believer may simply look at the Bible and come away from it with whatever he will.
Almost all of those "protestant" interpretations are also held within the RCC. Is a charismatic Catholic acceptable, but a Catholoic traditionalist not? Is a liberation theologian acceptable as long as he's under Rome? We can draw Venn diagrams to show how different teachings have crossed the Romanist-protestant boundaries -- which is why I think you're comparing apples, oranges, bananas, kiwi, berries, and grapes in trying to contrast Rome from any other church.
Where is the Holy Ghost confirming the Church in all truth (John 14) in this scheme you propose?
With so much diversity and so many conflicting teachings within Roman Catholicism, I know He's not limited to serving in the Vatican.
There is not a great diversity of beliefs among the hierarchy, and it is their beliefs that count for defining the Church. A Catholic who does not share the faith of His Bishop and the Pope is not really formally a Catholic, although materially he may remain within the Church.
Unlike Protestantism, the Catholic Faith is not subjectively defined by individual believers, but objectively defined by the Pope and Episcopal heirarchies Magisterium. The conformance of believers to these teachings shows their conformance to the Church.
Are you lumping confessional Protestant churches in with ad hoc American neo-evangelicalism? I object to someone calling my faith "subjective" since my faith is hardly a relative matter. It's based on the same historical creeds yours is.
Please tell me how my church's confessions are "subjective"? Even Eck and other papal envoys didn't use that particular word.
You also didn't explain how you account for charismania/renewal within the Roman See. Is it any different than that which is present in certain American neo-evangelical sects?
The Catholic Church alone was founded by Christ. You cannot with the Catholic Church point to a date and say, as with the Lutheran Church, for example, ahh 1517 - Luther nailed the theses up at Wittenberg - that's the start of the Lutheran Church. There was no Lutheran Church or Faith for the 1500 years prior!
Since your Church was admittedly founded by a fallible man, even an objective confession is really simply their subjective reading of that part of divine revelation that they accept.
Yes, you can accept the authority of creeds produced at early Church Councils. But will you also accept the Canons of those same Councils that support numerous Catholic doctrines? Will you accept their endorsements of the work of local plenary councils that laid down rules on celibacy, appeals to Rome, the canon of the Bible (including the Deuterocanon or Apocrypha), the perpetual virginity of Mary, relics and the veneration of saints and icons, etc., etc.? I doubt it! You'd have to become Catholic to do so. Your Church's objective confession is a subjective selection of historic teachings, just as the Protestant Bible is a subjective selection of the Old Testament that excises the Deuterocanon contained in the Septuagint that the whole early Church used (you know, Wisdom of Solomon, Maccabees, Ecclesiasticus, Baruch, etc.).
I await your reply to my view of things.
I await your reply to my view of things.
I started to respond point-by-point, but I'm going to let it rest. I'll only say that Luther did not found any church, Christ did and that church is one. The church is not based upon succession alone, but on certain teachings -- teachings which, with Luther, I agree Rome departed. On matters where your denomination is still correct, I fight vehemently against those who'd throw the baby out with the bath water. It's too bad you cannot rise above your spite and do the same in return. After all, various Catholic scholars over the years have pointed out that Luther's confession at Augsburg was well within Catholic tradition.
Take it easy, separated brother.
Of course much of what Luther wrote was Catholic. He certainly had a devout belief in the Real Presence and the privileges of Mary, for example.
The premise of all non-Catholic Christian denominations ultimately has to be that there is no authority in the Church heirarchy. For if you admit that there is an authority which must be heeded, then you immediately call into question the founding of that denomination against the authority that then existed. I can't see it another way.
The only possible escape is claiming there is authority, but that it is not without error. But an authority in matters of belief that can err is no authority at all, but simply an opinion with power behind it. I suppose what I would view as a cynical view of the Church could maintain this, and thus claim a continuity from the Apostles to Luther. But I have a difficult time squaring this idea with Christ's promise to be with us always, and to send the Holy Spirit to guide us in all truth.
Yes, Luther preached a doctrine from the Church Councils. But it is different from the Catholic Faith. Either he's right and I'm wrong, or I'm right and he's wrong, or we are both wrong. We can't be both right. Regardless of what you want to select, there is a need to seek out the truth in prayer, since where discord of belief exists, it cannot be the will of Christ.
I disagree with only two things you write - the idea that Rome departed from the Faith...
Please don't misrepresent me like that. I said Rome departed from certain teachings. Specifically and most importantly, that would include the efficacy of Christ's suffering and death.
...and that the Faith upon which it is based is not handed on by Apostolic Succession in the Episcopate.
I'm saved by Christ alone, not saved by apostolic succession. Episcopacy is addressed adequately in our confessions.
Of course much of what Luther wrote was Catholic. He certainly had a devout belief in the Real Presence and the privileges of Mary, for example.
Nice of you to remind me. Luther got in as much trouble for his views on real presence as he did for his views on faith alone (didn't you know that?).
The premise of all non-Catholic Christian denominations ultimately has to be that there is no authority in the Church heirarchy. For if you admit that there is an authority which must be heeded, then you immediately call into question the founding of that denomination against the authority that then existed. I can't see it another way.
I won't correct you since the use of a strawman helps you justify your beliefs (per 1 Cor 8:13).
Yes, Luther preached a doctrine from the Church Councils. But it is different from the Catholic Faith.
How is it different? What you've ignored in your sophistry is that no early church council would have issued anathema against anyone who preached Faith Alone -- particularly since that's precisely what they believed, taught, and confessed.
Luther's teachings were very much catholic (small c), yet Leo X issued a bull (including a death warrant -- where is that acceptable in Scripture or tradition?) on Luther. Leo's teachings, and those of his envoys, weren't catholic (small c) despite their positions in the church. Go figure.
We are saved by faith through grace for Christ's sake ALONE, not by other men regardless of their office or efforts.
Just curious as to why?
First of all his death was on a stake, not a cross. So if anything is flippant, its the way his death has been erronious been portrayed for the past hundreds of years.
The Catholic church as far as I know believes that Joseph was a very old man and married her to take care of her as a ministry from God. They believe that he already had a grown family. He stayed in a platonic relationship with Mary as she stayed a virgin.
The most serious flaw with this belief I believe is that Jesus as Joseph's eldest son recieved the birthright from his father. He recieved his right to the Davidic throne through his position as the eldest (though adopted) son of Joseph. He recieved his Davidic blood line through Mary but his Kingship through his father Joseph. Do you have any thoughts on this subject?
The name Mary was extremely common. The Bible does not say that the Mary in Matthew was the same as the Mary in John. Two common named Marys can have sons with the same popular names. I say this because you sound like you are stating that it is an assured fact that these two Marys are the same person.
1:22 And knew her not till she had brought forth her firstborn son: and he called his name JESUS.
The Bible clearly says that he knew her not till she brought forth her firstborn son.
It seems that Catholics have the mistaken belief that knowing each other even in marriage is sinful. Adam and Eve were instructed to be fruitful and multiply before sin ever came into the world. The very definition of marriage involves two becoming one flesh. Joseph and Mary were married. The marriage bed is set apart and holy.
Mr. Madrid:
My apologies for not getting back to you sooner. I occasionally take a... hmm... "sabbatical" from FR. The relentless din of Political Cheer-Leading saps my interest, I'm afraid.
I tried "Christian Forums" as a respite; and I found there... pretty much what I had expected to find. A morass of Anti-Creedal Hyper-Individualists ("scratch an American Christian, and you'll find a Pelagian Heretic underneath"). Sighhhh....
All that said...
Without meaning to sound patronizing, sir...
....if the Ecclesial Contributions of the BLOOD-BROTHERS of Our Lord Jesus Christ (The DESPOSYNOI or "Sons of the House", first James the Righteous and then Jude as related by Eusebius) to the Administration and Ruling Judgment of the Early Christian Church is not "relevant"...
Then what in the samhill IS "relevant"?
Look, here's the scoop:
Rather, the President of the Apostles was James, the Blood-Brother of Jesus Christ. "Peter, James (bar Zebedee) and John, after the ascension of the Saviour, did not claim pre-eminence because the Saviour had especially honored them, but chose James the Righteous as Bishop of Jerusalem.... James, the Lord's brother, who had been elected by the apostles to the Episcopal Throne at Jerusalem." (ref. Clement of Alexandria, cf. Eusebius Historia Ecclesia)
And this is directly confirmed in Scripture. Peter reported to James (Acts 12:17) and Peter answered to James (Acts 15:13) and Peter was subordinate to James (Acts 21:18) and Peter feared James (Galatians 2:12).
Respectfully, Mr. Madrid, I appreciate your offer of the book. You're welcome to send it to me if you would like, and I am grateful for the offer. IF you want to send me a copy at:
Then I'll be happy to accept.
But I admit I am put off a bit by the Title: "Pope Fiction: Answers to 30 Myths and Misconceptions About the Papacy." It sounds to me like recycled Roman responses to recycled Dave Hunt-style "protestant" argumentation.
"Protestant" so falsely-called.
At the moment, I am not interested in "30 answers". I am just interested in ONE.
Who was James?
Peter reported to James (Acts 12:17) and Peter answered to James (Acts 15:13) and Peter was subordinate to James (Acts 21:18) and Peter feared James (Galatians 2:12).
You are invited to send me the book if you like, Mr. Madrid. My address is posted (rather publicly) above.
But as I said before, my interest is particular to James.
If Ya'akov Ha Tsedek is exactly the Person he is declared to be by both Scripture and Tradition...
Then, well....
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Ok, I realize many people hate the guy and will dog pile on him at the first opportunity. For those of YOU, who love to hate Vino, please dog pile in moderation in this thread.
So...It's only a few days into the race but he seems to be hanging in with AC. Do we think he's capable of hanging with AC throughout the entire race? Is he that good?
And I am not one of the folks here who thinks he'll stick it to AC at the first chance, I'm just curious to know if he's good enough to hang with AC and end up in, say, the overall top 5.

subset: commoncrawl


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Saxo Bank Warns "This Is Not 'Different Times'"
Authored by Steen Jakobsen, Chief Economist, Saxo Bank,
"L'éternité, c'est long ... surtout vers la fin." ? Franz Kafka
Happy July 4 to all Americans. Eternity is here. Eternity in low interest rates for longer. Eternity in excess return from stock markets, eternity in no growth, eternity in low productivity, eternity in chasing yields. The chasing yield game now joined by central banks like the Swiss National Bank and recently also big investors like Pimco, who at the top of the market no longer sees the stock market in a bubble!
The main common denominator is low interest rates – so where the market and Pimco mathematically correctly uses the low interest rates for longer as an input which produces a superior return, a few of us who were around in 1987,1992, 1998, 2000, and 2007/08 know that market tends to mean-revert. This concept that if we have a superior return over a longer period, it will need to be met by a negative performance to average "out" is dead now.
Stock market bubble
We have a generation of traders and investors who see any dip as a buying opportunity and policy makers who argues everything being equal, it's better to have a stock market bubble than disorderly markets and depression.
The illusion is almost perfect now – probably the best argued and most confidently performed illusion in my career. At least in those years I've already mentioned, there was a sense of urgency. The policy makers were less united and more independent thinking. It was simply pre-Greenspan and his belief in smoothing out business cycles.
Smoothing out the business cycle will in the short term dampen volatility, but as the market and the economy moves forward in time, the inefficient allocation of resources will increase the systemic risk, but, similar to today, the system first stores the energy, then releases a clearing process. I am reminded of a classic mechanical resonance system.
Mechanical resonance is the tendency of a mechanical system to respond at greater amplitude when the frequency of its oscillations matches the system's natural frequency of vibration (its resonance frequency or resonant frequency) than it does at other frequencies. It may cause violent swaying motions and even catastrophic failure in improperly constructed structures including bridges, buildings and airplanes—a phenomenon known as resonance disaster.
The illustration of this being the Gertie Bridge – I am sure you can make the analogy – as the market makes higher and higher returns (amplitude) and gets confirmed over longer periods (frequency) it reaches an "eternity" or a new paradigm, or "this time its different"... The system self feeds into higher and higher returns and less and less volatility until the "energy is released" when the "load"/misallocation is too high for the system to carry.
Zero bound rates
We learn in economics that the marginal cost of capital is the true allocator of capital. Whoever can and will pay the highest marginal price of money gets it – in today's world. However, EVERYONE and I mean everyone inside the 20 percent of the economy which is the listed companies and banks get whatever credit they want and need indiscriminately of their marginal cost and risk. The land of zero bound rates.
To make the example even more clear, this afternoon I could go to my bank manager with a proposal to put 100 or even 1,000s of hot dog stands on the main street in Fredensborg(where I live) – my expected return will be infinite as long as the interest rate is zero!!!!!
To make the mistake, in my opinion, of thinking that ANY analysis can really be done when we are at zero percent is the vital flaw of Pimco, SNB, policy makers and the stock market, so I am not saying the Dow in 100.000 is not possible, neither will I second guess Pimco's new found bullishness, I am merely applying history, maths, engineering and economics laws to the issue.
It could be me who needs to be re-educated, but to be honest, and with no false modesty, I am yet to meet a single argument or belief which is not entirely driven by low interest rates as the driver of the markets.
Having spent this week with major policy makers in Switzerland at an offsite I am not comforted. They all agree with… me! They know that the only way to align progress economically with politicians is to get a crisis mode. Most of them have "battle scars" from 1992,1997/97, 2000 et al so they know that real changes only happens during down turns.
They accept that their monetary policy exclusively goes to the 20 percent of the economy which is the listed companies. While they are concerned about how markets' valuation, they are more concerned about the lack of growth and their inability to reach their inflation targets.
Unstated but clearly on their mind, they are beginning to doubt whatever the mechanical resonance will soon show its ugly head. This comes via a strange policy approach and wording: Macro Prudential Framework, MPF. When I asked the same policy makers to explain to me this oxymoron, they all pretty much defined it as: the response to the 2008 crisis – i.e: A need to deal with the potential consequences of bubbles through regulation, channels of credit.
The conclusion:
They are concerned, but hiding behind MPF! Replace MPF with BUBBLE every time you hear a policy maker speak, you get my point. These policy makers, are veterans of trying to keep the system from reaching its own frequency, but they also realise that over time – the system mean-reverts. That's the strength of their education relative to the market traders. Both can be right, the market and the professors, but the timeline is different.
My bigger point here is that this is not "different times", the system's low volatility will be replaced by higher volatility, the zero bound leads to bubbles by definition unless you of course believe in eternity and most importantly, mean-reversion and compounding remains the two most powerful tools in finance.
Kafka is right – and – It feels like an eternity since the market last traded like a real market, but make no mistake, exactly when you think more of the same is destined to be your strategy, things do change despite the feeling of infinity.
* * *
Another rational warning to ignore for the opportunity of riding TWTR up and down 10% in a day...
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What exactly are they "warning" of? Are they going to indict themselves?
this is bullshit........i just went all in.......what am I gonna get????
Jeez, guys, I step away for ONE FREAKING DAY to do my other full time job (actually working for money, as opposed to posting on ZH) and look at this mess of a market I come back to.
DOWN 150 freaking Dow points?? Are you kidding me? I can't leave any of you alone for a minute without somebody setting the damned building on fire.
BTFD'ers will do that every time, but one time it wont be a dip. That's the fate of fools, and it never changes no matter how many times it happens to them.
Long BODY - only down 69% YTD
"It feels like an eternity since the market last traded like a real market"
Where there are humans there are markets. Even in the concentration camps there were markets.
We don't want that type of markets though! Do we?
The Coyote know there something missing afoot.
Boy oh boy, may have to double up on my buy orders. Too funny.
History teaches us that we never learn from history.
The History of the Federal Reserve teaches us that they never learn from their own policy failures.
The History of the stock market teaches us that the market tends to repeat.
Therefore, the stock market will soon teach us the laws of gravity, caused by the Federal Reserve and the people will (yet again) failed to have learned from our history.
On the contrary, I would argue that the real intent (not the "for public consumption" propaganda) of creating the Federal Reserve Bank was to monopolize money creation on the planet. To insure that a relatively few "worthy" families around the world would maintain power and control of all productive assets and productive capacity. I'd say that in this regard, the Fed has been trmendously successful for their owners.
Opposite sides of the same coin...
Galloping Gertie was a mess. Questions?
start buying, this shitt is never going down...
Krugman had an orgasm over this video.
English= the wheels are about getting ready to fall of this Bitchez!
the analogy is incomplete. in today's "market" goldman sachs would take out derivative insurance on galloping gertie, then, blow on it themselves until it fell down. When the insurance company which sold the security couldn't pay the gubbermint would bail them out. Later JPM would sell the scrap iron to the fed for a tremendous profit having acquired it for $2/share. THERE IS NO MARKET, THERE IS ONLY THE FED. THEY WILL OWN IT ALL SOME DAY.
I look at this as "you give all you've got to re-inflate the bubble and then the bubble reinflates you."
Soon the FOMC will simply float away. Jury is still out on the Treasury Department. "More busted hard drives"?
These ARE different times, they've BEEN different times for five years now, even if it ends today.
btw, we got a little volatility back yesterday and today. are we happy? Is Momma Yellen happy?
They know that the only way to align progress economically with politicians is to get a crisis mode. "Most of them have "battle scars" from 1992,1997/97, 2000 et al so they know that real changes only happens during down turns."
I see no mention of 2007/08? The only change I've seen is the change in depth of the pile of horseshit and debt the Fed. and .gov have piled on us.
Geez, dumbass newspaper guy in the film clip could have easily let his dog out of the car rather than leave it there to die.
Kafka...wow. We're getting deep here.
If an organization never learns from ANY of its failures for over a century, we can conclude they were not failures, but examples of the organization working as intended, if not as advertised.
great scotts batman, there's a shit storm on the horizon
to the batmobile robin!!
No way dude! They have replaced the permanently high plateau with a permanently steep 45 degree angle.
The predators-that-be perfectly balanced everything!
! Seriously !
The economy falls at a 45-degree angle downward.
The markets rise at a 45-degree angle upward.
The predators-that-be are ecstatic!
A perfect balance.
I wonder whether predators-that-be will care when the economy hits zero and the market hits infinity?
Maybe they should ask people who recall Zimbabwe and Weimar Germany?


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"2011 Halloween With VT Friends" Personal Page by chocolatecake
Thanks for your halloween note Abby :-) I celebrated more for Bonfire night on Saturday, the fireworks were great fun. Emma
Hey Abby, only just got your message - thank you :) hope all's well with you, greetings from England :)
Happy Halloween! HAHAHA
Hi Abby! Happy Belated Halloween. Just recovering from lost of voice for a week.
Happy Belated Halloween, although u cant really do that can you? hehe I was in San Francisco....slowly getting back to real life!
Hola Abby, happy Halloween !
Yes, we also celebrate it in Spain.
Best regards.
Hi, Abby!! I know, I've got my freak trapped inside this year! October came and went so quickly! I will put on a Santa hat when it comes time to change my avatar for Christmas...and I'll bring the freak back out NEXT Halloween :D I like your cute little witch with a broom! Happy Halloween!!
Hi Abbey! Happy Halloweem to you too!!!
Thank you Abbey for the Halloween greetings. I love the photo of you standing in front of Monet's water lilies! He is one of my favourite artists as well!
Thank you Abbey for the Halloween greetings. I love the photo of you standing in front of Monet's water lilies! He is one of my favourite artists as well!
Ciao Abby, I'm currently in the US and celebrating a proper Halloween this time as we don't have it in Italy. Have a great one yourself too! Ciao :)
Abby, lovely to hear from you. Happy Halloween to you too.
Happy Halloween to you too Abby! Don't let the ghosts and goblins get you ;-)
Happy Halloween to you too!! Hope the celebrations are a good time!
Hello Abbey! Yes, Halloween coming and the kids are getting ready to hit our block begging for candy. Ed and I are all stocked up.
Hi Abbey, happy halloween to you too. I love your pp,very appropriate
Thanks! The Cows are ok! You have a Happy Halloween too!
Thank you for the birthday greeting Abby - how lovely to hear from you :-)
Thank you for the witch, Abby! Happy Hallowe'en to you! :-) J
Hi Abby - thanks for the Halloween wishes. I am in Bolivia at the moment so shall see how they celebrate here!
hey, abby - so nice to hear from you. i really have so little time to keep up on the site that it is nice to get contact from friends. hope you and family are well. n.
Hi Abby...how are you ! Thank you for your kind Halloween wishes..I trust that you are doing well and life is being kind..Ammo was very sick last month but after vet hospital and medication is doing well again...thanks and take care Abby..may ladyluck be your shadow...cheers Denny
Thank you for the Halloween greeting :-)
HI Abby, GRACIAS for the reminder to get back to your beautiful pages! my computer has been in and out of reception so much for past 4 months, that I get bogged down! OH, what a story about your handbag locked in your luggage!! HA!
Thank you Abby. May your Halloween be less scary than the Octopus Stew.:o)
Thanks Abby! I'm going to Valencia on the 31!! Valencia is in Spain. It is some km south of Barcelona.
That dog on my homepage is a guard dog for a Bed & Breakfast. He has a nice home. PJ
Hey Abbs. Good to hear from you. Hope all of your family are well and safe. Larry lives just a few minutes from me. Have not seen him though since the Barney Awards. We will likely get in trouble together soon though heh heh....Erik
Hi Abby, Thank you so much for the birthday wishes and I wish you a happy halloween too. Love, Carole.
Abbey, lol. Very funny. It is an old photo. Now I have lost a total of 32 pounds and 4 inches off the waist since August 8, 2011. Tone time.:-)
Thank YOU very much!!!
hahaha! loween! tks for your wishes! I don't go trick or treating... but last night, I carved a butternut squash into a face and planted a blue & white cap on top-- looks like a 2-teeth French sailor on my window sill. It terrified my kitten! :) Have a good one! :)
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- Wrote a Review Taiping Delights-Curry Mee (Noodles) in Taiping Restaurants
Top 10 Pages
- Taiping Intro, 8 reviews, 11 photos
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- Malaysia Intro, 3 reviews, 3 photos
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- Krakow Intro, 3 photos
- Cameron Highlands Intro, 3 photos
- Asia 1 review, 1 photo
- London 2 reviews
- Penang 2 reviews


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New Sportsbook.ag customers: Make your 1st bet, get your 2nd bet free, 100%, winnings paid in cash.Join Now
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HOOFDDORP, Netherlands (AP) - FIFA President Sepp Blatter has been urged to help resolve a contractual dispute in Qatar involving a player who says he hadn't been paid by his club in two years.
FIFPro, the international union for soccer players, says Al-Jaish stopped paying Belounis after it exceeded its quota of foreign players.
The case has highlighted the ''kafala'' employment system in Qatar, which stops workers from leaving without written permission from employers. Qatar will host the 2022 World Cup.
FIFPro says secretary general Theo van Seggelen wrote asking for Blatter's ''urgent intervention'' with Qatari officials on behalf of Belounis.
Copyright 2016The Associated PressAll Rights Reserved


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At the Center for Health and Nutrition, we are dedicated to you, our patient. We will spend time getting to know you and learning about your weight loss journeyMore
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text:
Level Up 2010 Intel® Game Demo Challenge (Archived)
When is Intel Level up 2011 will start?
When is Intel Level up 2011 will start?
Did anybody (from the Winners' List) receive any feedback from the judges? I emailed Lowry asking what's going on -- I never got an answer ...
WInners in the Level Up 2010 Professional Category Announced
Congratulations to the winners in the professional category of Level Up 2010! Announced today, you can see the complete list of winners. Student winners will be announced on December 15th!
Congratulations Level Up winners!
Well I'm sure we're all glad that Intel is completely on time announcing the winners of this years level up challenge, you guys had us worried for a moment.
Here's to our glorious winners, and ina waythisis also a thanks to Intelfor anamazingly wellrun event.
Thanks alot guys (and gal).
How do I submit
I didn't get any mail regarding the submission FTP.How do I submit the game demo and abstract?
Submission procedure
plz let us know the submission procedure for our game demo as deadline is near. Where r v supposed to send our demos.
Confirmation email
I sent my 2 files (the Demo and the Abstract) yesterday at
noon using FileZilla, but FZ didnt get back to me with any confirmation, they
just displayed Successful transfers (2), so I guess its OK. YouSendIt didnt work for me, as they asked for
an email address to transfer the files to. Anyways Id feel more comfy with a confirmation
email from Intel; did anybody get one?
Abstract 2500 words or game design document?
Just wanted to check if the game "abstract" is 2500 words?It looks like it is from the information, but usually an abstract is a small overview, so wanted to clarify.I'll still have the 2500 word document done to be safe.Thank you!
Looking at finalists progress?
Just curious, is there anywhere to see everyones progress, and see what projects are being actively worked on?
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- Sioux City Journal article on 2015 Iowa Convention
- Highpointers Convention August 12-13, 2016 at Red Lodge, Montana
- Jean Trousdale (1933-2016)
- 2016 Highpointers Calendar at Merc
- Congratulations Frank Sutman on Winning Facebook Photo Contest
- "American Highpoints" Film Fundraising Campaign on Indiegogo
- 2015 Frank Ashley Award Winners
- Frank Ashley Award
- KTIV Television Coverage of Highpointers Convention
- Club Shout Out on Welcometoamerica.us
- News Coverage of Highpointers Convention at Hawkeye Point
- Jack Parsell (1921-2015)
- Atlas Obscura Article on Club
- Jack Baker (1936-2015)
- Hawkeye Point, Iowa Highpointers Convention Registration – July 24 and 25 2015
- History and Future of Highpointers Conventions
- Interview with Highpointer Matt Moniz Who Survived Everest Base Camp Avalanche
- 2015 Access Dates for Illinois
- Connecticut Outdoors Article on Club
- 2015-2016 Highpointers Board of Directors
Tags7 Summits Accidents Adventures Alaska Animals Arizona Arkansas Asia Avalanches Books British Isles California Canada Colorado Dogs Europe Everest Fatal Fatal accidents General Hawaii Helicopter Rescues Highpoint (States) News Highpoint News (world) Kentucky Maine Massachusetts Missouri Montana Multimedia New Hampshire New York North Carolina Offbeat Oregon Records South Dakota States Technology Tennessee Trip Reports Utah Vermont Washington Wyoming
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- Mount Davis Challenge Bicycle Race First Sunday of August
- 2016/08/07
- Mount Davis, Pennsylvania
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- 2017/06/16 - 2017/06/18
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- 2017/07/21
- Mount Washington, New Hampshire
- Mount Magazine Butterfly Festival (traditionally third Friday and Saturday of June)
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Tag Archives: New Hampshire
Merry Christmas!
Merry Christmas! The Mount Washington Observatory posted this fun photo!
Posted in General Tagged Christmas, New Hampshire 2 Comments
Dramatic Timelapse Video of Star Trails on Mount Washington
The Mount Washington Observatory has a dramatic time lapse video of star trails on the summit.
Posted in General Tagged New Hampshire, Timelapse, Video Leave a comment
Auroras From Mount Washington
The Mount Washington Observatory shared this view of auroras on January 22, 2011, during the big aurora outbreak this this week.
Posted in General Tagged Auroras, New Hampshire Leave a comment
Monadnock Big Foot Filming Case Goes to New Hampshire Supreme Court
After a film maker Jonathan Doyle filmed a couple of youtube videos of a guy wearing a Big Foot costume on New Hampshire's Monadnock the park officials refused him access to the mountain. He sued and it's gone to the … Continue reading
Posted in General Tagged Humor, New Hampshire, Offbeat Leave a comment
Video of Record 6 Minute 11.54 Second Mount Washington Hill Climb
Here's a video of a David Higgin's Subaru's record 6 minutes and 11.54 seconds climb of Mount Washington on June 26, 2011 during the Mount Washington Hillclimb.
Posted in General Tagged Mount Washington Hill Climb, New Hampshire, Races Leave a comment
Tuckerman Ravine Temporarily Closed
The Tuckerman Ravine Trail, one of the most popular hiking trails in the White Mountains, is scheduled for a temporary closure this summer. On July 18, the Appalachian Mountain Club (AMC) will begin a significant reconstruction project in the steep … Continue reading
Posted in General Tagged Closures, New Hampshire, Tuckerman Ravine Leave a comment
Photos of Unusual Low Latitude Summer (Aug. 6) Auroras on Mount Washington
An unusual and very strong sun storm has created auroras at low latitudes (the picture above is from spaceweather.com We were alerted because of a gallery of the event posted by the Mount Washington Observatory. The above photo is from … Continue reading
Posted in General Tagged Auroras, New Hampshire, Space Leave a comment
Race to the Clouds Returns to Mount Washington
The Race to the Clouds on Mount Washington returned on June 26, 2011. The race which was first held in 1904 had not been held on the mountain for 10 years.
Posted in General Tagged New Hampshire, Race to the Clouds, Races Leave a comment
History of Skiing on Mount Washington
An exhibit at the New England Ski Museum in Franconia Notch entitled "From Pastime to Enterprise: Skiing Becomes a Business" tells the history of the skilift. It notes that Howard Head's Head Standard was the first commercially successful ski made … Continue reading
Posted in General Tagged New Hampshire, Skiing Leave a comment
Mount Washington Bike Race Record Voided Following 60 Minutes Interview
Organizers of the Mount Washington Bicycle Race have voided the records of Tyler Hamilton and Genevieve Jeanson after Hamilton appeared on 60 Minutes admitting to doping in bicycle races during an interview about Lance Armstrong on 60 Minutes.
Posted in General Tagged Bicycle races, New Hampshire Leave a comment


text: Page-Turner June 24, 2010 1,000 Words: Cuba Libro By Macy Halford Share Tweet Great images of books from around the world and the Web. A book market in Havana, Cuba. ("Havana open air book market," by becsh.) Have you taken a photograph of books worth a thousand words? E-mail us with caption and credit information. Share Tweet Macy Halford & Sign up for the daily newsletter.Sign up for the daily newsletter: the best of The New Yorker every day. E-mail address GO SIGN UP The Daily


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- 28Promote
Leviathanby Heiko Windisch
American Apparel T-shirts are made with 100% fine jersey cotton combed for softness and comfort. (Athletic Grey and Athletic Blue contain 50% polyester / 25% cotton / 25% rayon)
Love the design. Reminds me of Cai-Cai Vilu, the serpent god of the sea from the Chilote mythology of Chile. Any chance you'll print this as a shirt?
really awesome!
Thanks Kristian & Deepti! Just added the shirt!
great series.
really like your line work! :-) brilliant x
Sooo awesome!!
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Al Sharpton threatens hunger strike if Loretta Lynch is not confirmed AG.
…And?Read More »
…And?Read More »
On Friday, the day after Thanksgiving–using @LaCasaBlanca, the Spanish twitter handle for the White House–Barack and Michelle Obama tweeted a picture of themselves posing with immigration reform activists who are on a hunger strike. RT @fast4families President Obama, @FLOTUS & the fasters today: "it's not a matter of if, but of when" #Fast4Families pic.twitter.com/lOQW2VIQVQ — La Casa Blanca (@lacasablanca) November 29, 2013 Interestingly, the person | Read More »
According to this article, we are engaged in "cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment" and "a violation of U.S. law and basic human rights principles" — get this — for not letting this one extremely violent prisoner starve himself to death. You can't make stuff like this up.


text:
We want you to feel like you are 'home from home.'
We want your stay at Southbourne School of English to be as comfortable and memorable as possible. After school there will be opportunities to spend time with your host family or in your private accommodation.
Homestay, or host families, are our most popular choice. It makes a huge difference to how well you learn if you feel happy and at home in your choice of accommodation.
Many of our mature students prefer private accommodation. There is a range of options, all within walking distance of the school.


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Northstar Engines and System Technical Discussion Discussion, "97 DeVille B1S1 Oxygen Sensor in Cadillac Engine Discussion; My latest code on my '97 DeVille is the good old P0135 (B1S1). If this sensor proves bad and I ...
- 11-16-08 10:34 PM #1Cadillac Owners Member
- Automobile(s): '90 DeVille '97 DeVille
- Join Date
- Feb 2005
- Location
- Iowa
- Posts
- 83
"97 DeVille B1S1 Oxygen Sensor
My latest code on my '97 DeVille is the good old P0135 (B1S1). If this sensor proves bad and I have to replace it,
1) Can I get to it without unbolting the cradle/frame? I'm assuming B1S1 is in the exhaust manifold on the firewall side.
2) The part no. AFS109 was suggested to the owner of a '96 Seville with a bad B1S1. Same part no. for a '97 DeVille?
Thanks again in advance, everyone.
Matt ('97 DeVille)
Re: "97 DeVille B1S1 Oxygen Sensor1) Can I get to it without unbolting the cradle/frame? I'm assuming B1S1 is in the exhaust manifold on the firewall side.
It should be the same on the '96 & '97.
Re: "97 DeVille B1S1 Oxygen Sensor
Remove the strut tower support and coil pack. Get yourself a 7/8" crowsfoot wrench (3/8" drive), a mess of 3/8" drive extensions, a universal joint, and a good ratchet. You may have to move the coolant lines a bit to get access. It's tricky. But with a little patience, a few band-aids, and if worse comes to worse, a little penetrating oil, it's possible. If you want more access remove the rear cam cover. But it can be done without. Just make sure the manifold is dry (or close to it) before re-firing the engine.
Part numbers will be the same for LD8 / L37 engines. I forget which year they changed the wiring but I know a '93 has a different O2 sensor connector than a '97. Good luck and keep us posted!
Re: "97 DeVille B1S1 Oxygen Sensor
Another way to gain a little more clearance is to use the turnbuckle method. Disconnect the passenger side torque strut. Replace the drivers side with a turnbuckle and pull the engine forward an inch or two. That worked great for me when I changed the blower motor on my '97.
Re: "97 DeVille B1S1 Oxygen Sensor
Thanks for all the great tips! I'm compiling a notebook of them for future reference.
Funny thing, this P0135 code appeared immediately after a tune-up (new plugs and fuel filter), then "disappeared" (never went to"history") after subsequent starts. There was no "tell-tale" warning.
I will start a thread where "phantom" codes are discussed; guess I should be happy, right?
Thanks again,
P0135 Code "disappears" on '97 N*
I'd like to discuss "phantom" or "disappearing" codes in this thread. Again, thanks to all who have replied to my previous thread.
Immediately after putting in plugs and a new filter, I was getting the P0135 code (B1S1 oxygen sensor). On subsequent starts, the code vanished; never went to "History" even. There was no "tell-tale" display.
I'm not complaining, but what's going on? Have any of you good folks ever had a code (not a cold lol) one day, and it's gone the next?
Matt (mdogg) '97 DeVille N*
Re: "97 DeVille B1S1 Oxygen Sensor
Can't explain it vanishing unless it was cleared. It should have gone to history.
+ Reply to Thread
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text: Tianjin is known for a mix of things: opera and performing arts, temples, food and nightlife, a Ferris wheel over a bridge, and a piece of China's famous Great Wall. The sixth largest city in China by population, it's a place where modern glitz meets ancient Concession-era buildings. Book your Tianjin hotel with us for a stay in this action-packed city, only a couple of hours' drive away from brilliant Beijing. History Tianjin's main area and old city are on the banks of the Hai River, also called the 'mother river' of Tianjin. In the mid 1800s, the city was a treaty port, and the Chinese government gave several countries concession territories. The concessions led to the mix of different architecture from all around the world that you'll find throughout the city. Binhai New Area is a separate part of Tianjin, located east of the city on the coast of the Bohai Sea. Things to do See the city from up above with a ride on the Tianjin Eye – the only Ferris wheel in the world to be built over a bridge. Visit a local temple like the Dule Temple or the Temple of Great Compassion, both Buddhist temples. If you're still searching for more culture, the Tianjin Museum is in a stunning crescent-shaped futuristic building housing over 150,000 relics and artifacts. Take a trip to the Tianjin Grand Theatre to catch a classic opera show or some music or modern dance. Check out the Tianjin Water Park, which has 100 hectares of water and 11 tiny islands connected by bridges. Explore the pagodas and gardens on the islands, take a boat out on the water or ride the nearby Ferris wheel. That's right – Tianjin has more than one Ferris wheel. What a place! The Children's Amusement Park has a selection of fun rides for the youngsters. Learn a little about history at the Tianjin Binhai Aircraft Carrier Theme Park, where you can explore the Soviet Aircraft Carrier Kiev, a huge aircraft carrier that served the Soviet and Russian navies between 1975 and 1993. Now it's forever docked in the harbour and open to the public as an exhibition and hotel. The Great Wall of China is one of the country's most famous attractions, and you can see a piece of it at Huangya Pass, 150 km north of Tianjin. Built on a mountain ridge, it has some powerful views if you don't mind a bit of a hike. Of course, you can always just chill out in Tianjin with some shopping on Binjiang Dao Shopping Street or Heping Lu Shopping Street, or have a meal in a cafe or restaurant. After dark, Tianjin has some popular bars and clubs with a whole range of music to pick from. Getting here We have cheap flights to Tianjin to get you there for less, so book one to go with your Tianjin accommodation and get ready to discover and enjoy both the past and the present in China. Image credit Rainbow Dolls under Creative CommonsHide


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 5, 2011
|Priority date
|Jul 19, 2002
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Andrew G. Rinzler, Zhihong Chen
|Original Assignee
|University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Non-Patent Citations (1), Classifications (28), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/583,545, filed Oct. 19, 2006, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/622,818, filed Jul. 18, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,261,852, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/417,729, filed Oct. 10, 2002, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/397,254, filed Jul. 19, 2002, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety, including any figures, tables or drawings.
This invention was made with U.S. Government support under Grant No. DAAD19-00-1-002 awarded by DARPA. The U.S. Government has certain rights in this invention.
This invention relates to the field of carbon nanotubes, and more particularly, to uniform films of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) which are electrically conductive and optically transparent.
Carbon has four known general structures including diamond, graphite, fullerene and carbon nanotubes. Crystalline structure refers to the lattice arrangement of atoms. Carbon nanotubes refer to tubular structures grown with a single wall or multi-wall, which can be thought of as a rolled up sheet formed of a plurality of hexagons, the sheet formed by combining each carbon atom thereof with three neighboring carbon atoms. The carbon nanotubes have a diameter on the order of a few angstroms to a few hundred nanometers. Carbon nanotubes can function as either an electrical conductor, similar to a metal, or a semiconductor, according to the orientation of the hexagonal carbon atom lattice relative to the tube axis and the diameter of the tubes.
Originally, carbon nanotubes were produced by an arc discharge between two graphite rods as reported in an article entitled "Helical Microtubules of Graphitic Carbon" (Nature, Vol. 354, Nov. 7, 1991, pp. 56-58) by Sumio lijima. This technique produced mostly multiwall carbon nanotubes. A method of producing mostly single wall carbon nanotubes was subsequently discovered and reported D. S. Bethune and co-workers (Nature, Vol. 363, pp. 605 (1993)).
There exist numerous applications for optically transparent, electrically conducting films. Since, as produced, single wall carbon nanotubes are known to contain a substantial fraction of intrinsically metallic nanotubes (typically about ⅓), nanotube films could be useful in such applications, provided the films were optically transparent, possessed uniform optical density across their area and possessed good electrical conductivity throughout the film. Optical transparency requires the films to be made sufficiently thin. Uniform optical density across an optical aperture requires the nanotubes to be homogeneously distributed throughout the film. Finally, good electrical conductivity throughout the film requires sufficient nanotube-nanotube overlap throughout the film.
The principal problem in producing nanotube films which meet these requirements of thinness, homogeneity and good intertube contact is the lack of solubility of the nanotubes in any known evaporable solvent. Given such a solvent, the nanotubes could simply be dissolved in a dilute concentration and then cast or sprayed in a thin uniform layer on a surface, leaving behind the desired transparent nanotube layer once the solvent evaporates. Because no such solvent for the nanotubes is known, if a deposition is attempted with nanotubes dispersed (e.g. by ultrasonication) in a solvent such as ethanol, inhomogeneous clumps of nanotubes result over the area of the deposited region.
Nanotubes can be uniformly suspended in solutions with the aid of stabilizing agents, such as surfactants and polymers, or by chemical modification of the nanotube sidewalls. However, stabilizing agents interfere with the required electrical continuity of the nanotube film. Stabilizing agents are generally electrical insulators. Once the solvent is evaporated, both the nanotubes and the stabilizing agent remain, the stabilizing agents interfering with the intertube electrical contact. In the case of chemical modification of the nanotube sidewall, the electrical conductivity of the nanotubes themselves is degraded.
As a result, while thin and reasonably transparent films of nanotubes have been produced for certain scientific purposes, such as for recording optical transmission spectra, these films have not provided sufficient electrical conductivity necessary for applications requiring films which provide both high electrical conductivity and optical transparency, such as for optically transparent electrodes.
An optically transparent and electrically conductive single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) film comprises a plurality of interpenetrated single walled carbon nanotubes SWNTs, wherein for a 100 nm film the film has sufficient interpenetration to provide a 25° C. sheet resistance of less than 200 ohm/sq. The film also provides at least 20% optical transmission throughout a wavelength range from 0.4 μm to 5 μm. In a preferred embodiment, a morphology of the film comprises stacked planes, the SWNTs having random orientation in the planes. The optical transmission can be at least 30% from 0.4 μm to 5 μm.
The SWNT film can include at least one dopant. In this embodiment, for a 100 nm thick film the sheet resistance is generally <50 ohm/square. The dopant can selected from the group consisting of halogens and graphite intercalants, such as alkali metals. The film generally consists essentially of (>99% per weight) SWNTs.
The patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application in publication with the color drawing(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee. A fuller understanding of the present invention and the features and benefits thereof will be accomplished upon review of the following detailed description together with the accompanying drawings, in which:
The invention provides single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) films which simultaneously exhibit high electrically conductivity, optical transparency and uniform optical density across their area, and methods for producing these films. Films according to the invention transmit light in both the visible and infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Bulk electrical conductivity in nanotube aggregates requires that some appreciable fraction of the nanotubes be electrically conducting and that this fraction have sufficient intimate electrical contact with each other to transport charge throughout the bulk. Electrical conductivity of the nanotubes themselves can come from two sources. A first source is from the metallic nanotubes in the sample, which comprise about ⅓ of the nanotubes in SWNT material obtained commercially. A second source can come from semiconducting nanotubes in the sample, provided the semiconducting nanotubes are doped with a suitable charge transfer species. For example, halogens such as bromine and iodine, or alkali metal atoms, as well as certain other atoms or molecules, can be used as charge transfer species. Bulk electrical conductivity of the film is maximized by a high degree of nanotube contact, as well as the nanotube surfaces being largely free of any residual stabilizing agent since stabilizing agents tend to be electrically insulating materials.
Films according to the present invention are generally essentially pure nanotube films, defined herein as films having at least 99% nanotubes by weight. However, the present invention includes nanotube composites, which can include a lower percentage of nanotubes, such as 80 or 90% by weight nanotubes, along with one or more generally electrically conductive materials.
The film thickness can be tailored to range from a few tens of nanometers to several micrometers. The films produced using the invention have a substantially uniform nanotube density across their area which results in optical clarity. Optical transparency is enhanced for thin films (e.g. nm) as compared to thicker films (e.g. 3 μm). Film thicknesses in the upper range generally become opaque. Particularly for transmission into the IR, optical transparency is believed to be enhanced by a low nanotube carrier density.
A preferred method for forming electrically conductive and optical transparent SWNT films which exhibit uniform optical density across their area includes the step of dispersing a low concentration of SWNTs, such as 0.005 mg/ml, in a solution, such as an aqueous solution, containing a sufficient concentration of stabilizing agent to suspend the nanotubes. Commercially available single walled carbon nanotubes, such as from Carbon Nanotechnologies Incorporated, Houston, TX provide roughly ⅓ metallic nanotubes and ⅔ semiconducting nanotubes. Preferably, the nanotubes used are purified to remove the large catalyst particles which are utilized in their formation.
The stabilizing agent can comprise a variety of surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and TRITON X-100™, or surface stabilizing polymers. TRITON X-100™ is manufactured by the Dow Chemical Corporation, MI (formerly the Union Carbide Corporation). TRITON X-100™ is octylphenol ethylene oxide condensate and is also referred to as OCTOXYNOL-9™. This material has a molecular weight of 625 amu.
In this preferred method, the SWNT solution is then applied to a porous material. The porous material preferably comprises a filter membrane material, such as polycarbonate or mixed cellulose ester. The filter membrane preferably provides the following features:
1) a diameter larger than the optical aperture desired,
2) a high volume of porosity with a plurality of sub-micron pores, and
3) a composition that permits removal of the membrane material without disruption of the thin SWNT film, such as through dissolution of the membrane material in a solvent or digestion of the membrane material in an acid.
The solution is then removed leaving the nanotube film deposited on the membrane surface. The resulting nanotube film is generally quite flexible. In one embodiment, the solution is vacuum filtered off, with the SWNT film formed on the filter membrane surface. Any remaining surface stabilizing agent (e.g. surfactant) can be subsequently washed away and the film can then be allowed to dry.
Good dispersion of the SWNTs in the original solution combined with filtration provides a high degree of interpenetration of the nanotubes in the resulting film. This results because the nanotubes tend to remain straighter, having a longer persistence length in the solution when well dispersed.
The first bundles to land on the flat filtration membrane surface are forced to lie essentially parallel to the surface. Because the film generally grows at a uniform rate (with nanotube bundles lying across those deposited before them), subsequently deposited bundles take on the same planar orientations. The result is a film morphology wherein the nanotubes have random in plane orientations, but lie in stacked planes, with two-dimensional anisotropy similar to a biaxial oriented polymer film.
As a result, in the resulting film the nanotubes preferentially tend to lie across one another when forced during the filtration process onto the membrane surface. This leads to films having improved electrical continuity and better mechanical integrity over other available methods for generating thin nanotube films. Moreover, the filtration results in films having a high degree of compositional, structural and thickness uniformity, which translates to a high degree of optical uniformity and clarity. The optical uniformity and clarity requires that variation in the film thickness averaged over regions that are half the wavelength of the visible radiation be small. Such variations are within 10% for the films according to the invention.
In most applications once the nanotube film is formed on the porous material, such as a filtration membrane, the film must be removed from the typically opaque porous material using a suitable method. For example, one of the following exemplary methods may be used:
1) Membrane dissolution can be used. For example, for mixed cellulose ester membranes (MCEM), the membrane can be soaked in acetone or methanol, which dissolves the membrane leaving the nanotube film floating in the solvent. To ensure minimal cellulose ester residue on the film surface, the film can be transferred to fresh solvent, before being laid on a second layer for drying. The surface tension of the drying solvent ensures intimate contact between the nanotube film and the selected layer once they are dry.
2) The nanotube side of the membrane can be pressed against a selected layer. To aid in obtaining intimate contact between the selected layer and the nanotube film, a small quantity of a solution that does not dissolve the membrane, such as purified water, can be placed between the selected layer and the nanotube film using surface tension to bring the two respective surfaces into intimate contact. The assembly including the membrane, the nanotube film and the selected layer can then be allowed to dry. The membrane can then be dissolved in a solvent in which it is soluble leaving the nanotube film disposed on the selected layer.
A separation step is not necessarily required. For example, if the porous material selected is optically transparent in the wavelength range of interest, a separation step will not generally be necessary.
A possible limitation of the above-described method is that the film area can only be as large as the vacuum filtration apparatus provides. This is generally not a major limitation since such an apparatus can be made arbitrarily large, or alternatively, the films can be formed using a continuous process as described below.
In an alternate embodiment, a continuous process is used. In one continuous process embodiment, the filtration membrane can roll off a spool on one side of a vacuum filtration fit and be wound up, with the nanotube film, on the other side of the fit. The filter frit can have a rectangular shape, the width of the membrane in its longer direction, but narrow in the direction of travel of the membrane. The filter funnel, with its lower opening matching the fit, containing the nanotube solution can sit over the frit, with a magnetorheological fluid to make the seal between the funnel and the membrane moving by underneath. Keeping the frit narrow can reduce the force due to suction on the membrane, allowing it to be more easily drawn through the device. The SWNT film thickness can be controlled by the SWNT concentration in suspension and the rate of travel of the membrane.
Thus, the invention provides methods for forming electrically conductive and optically clear SWNT films. There are other presently available transparent electrode film deposition techniques for making non-SWNT films which can cover large areas and are compatible with thin film processing technologies for making displays, solar cells and similar devices. However, these transparent electrode film deposition methods are technologically demanding as they require expensive high vacuum equipment. Accordingly, a significant advantage of the invention is that optically transparent and electrically conductive SWNT films can be formed without the need for expensive high vacuum equipment.
SWNT films formed using the invention exhibit high mechanical integrity, including a high degree of flexibility. One advantage of high mechanical integrity is that the SWNT films can be made freestanding, provided that the film has sufficient thickness. Above some thickness, which depends on the optical aperture desired, the films can be made freestanding. Freestanding films provide a clear aperture free of any supporting substrate.
For example, a 240 nm thick freestanding SWNT film has been demonstrated over a 1 cm2 aperture. Such a film can be supported on a frame containing a hole, which when coated by the transparent nanotube film comprises an optically clear aperture.
High transmittance into the IR is useful because the 3-5 micron range is generally free of atmospheric water absorbance and is commonly used for atmospheric transmissions. Although there are a number of optically transparent, electrically conducting oxides materials available which are useful in the visible part of the spectrum, in the IR, the number of available materials retaining good transparency and electrical conductivity diminishes dramatically. Most conducting materials become less transmissive above about 2 μm due to what is generally referred to as "free carrier absorption".
The depth of transparency into the IR is believed to be primarily limited by the free carrier absorption of the metallic nanotubes which make up about ⅓ of the film. Should pure or increasingly semiconducting SWNTs become available, the films can remain optically transparent further into the IR, such as to a wavelength of at least 40 μm as compared to more metallic nanotubes. As noted above, semiconducting films can be made electrically conducting by charge transfer doping, such as bromine or iodine doping.
The absorbance on the short wavelength side of the peak labeled M1 in
The charge transfer doping by the acid is a hole dopant meaning that electrons are removed from the nanotubes and transferred to the dopant molecules which function as electron acceptors. This depletion of the valence band electrons from the VH singularities results in the smaller absorbance feature seen at Si in the unbaked (doped) versus the baked (dedoped) spectra shown in
Without metallic nanotubes in the SWNT film a loss of electrical conductivity would result. However, as noted above, semiconducting nanotubes can be doped to become more electrically conductive. Thus, for semiconducting SWNT films, electrical conductivity can be enhanced by controlled doping with some accompanying loss of the additional depth of transparency into the IR. Such controlled doping could be effected by exposure of the nanotubes to other air stable hole dopants besides nitric acid, such as vapors of bromine or iodine. Alternatively, if the film is protected from atmospheric water and oxygen, electron donor dopants, such as the alkali metals could be used. Even with SWNT films formed from presently available nanotube sources which include about ⅓ metallic nanotubes, doping provides some measure of control over the transparency and electrical conductivity of the resulting films.
SWNT films produced using the invention can be used for a variety of applications. For example, SWNT films formed using the invention can be used for solar cells, video displays, solid state light sources, receivers, or applications requiring an electrically conductive layer which is also optically transparent.
The SWNT films formed using the invention provide at least two significant advantages over conventional optically transparent electrode materials. First, the SWNT films provide good optical transmission in the 0.4 to 5 μm spectral range as well as high electrical conductivity. Second, the films formed are compatible with many other materials, such as upcoming polymer active layers in a wide variety of devices. A possible additional advantage for some applications is that by obtaining purified SWNTs or adding a purification step, SWNTs essentially free of metal catalyst(s) can be provided for filtration according to the invention, and as a result, resulting films according to the invention can tolerate 450° C. in air or over 1000° C. in inert atmospheres.
Most available optically transparent electrode materials require temperatures greater than 200° C. to fabricate. Because most polymers cannot tolerate such temperatures, the transparent electrodes must be produced separately, for example, on a separate substrate, following which, the active polymer is applied. Using the invention, the nanotube films in contrast, can be disposed directly on these polymer layers.
There are also several applications where the SWNT films can provide significant advantages. One example is in transparent spectrochemical electrodes, where the inertness of the nanotubes may provide added advantages.
Optical modulators may also be formed based on the thin SWNT films produced using the invention. For example, the SWNT film can provide one electrode of a capacitor like device consisting of indium tin oxide (ITO) on glass covered with a thin aluminum oxide layer covered with the thin transparent SWNT film. By applying a voltage between the ITO and SWNT electrodes, the SWNT film charges slightly, thus changing its optical transmittance over a particular absorption band of the SWNT film.
The invention can also be used to form chemical sensors. For example, the optical properties of the SWNT films can change in the presence of halogens or alkali ions, or possibly other species. It may be possible to distinguish the presence of particular species from others through identification of particular resulting optical properties of the SWNT film in the presence of particular species. For example, by monitoring transmission levels through a SWNT film formed using the invention, the presence of certain chemicals can be detected. One advantage of the electrical conductivity of the films in such applications is that by driving sufficient current through them they can be self heated, desorbing the chemical species after it has been detected. Such sensitivity recovery is enhanced by making the film freestanding over the optical aperture allowing efficient self heating at lower current.
It is to be understood that while the invention has been described in conjunction with the preferred specific embodiments thereof, that the foregoing description as well as the examples which follow are intended to illustrate and not limit the scope of the invention. Other aspects, advantages and modifications within the scope of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 22, 1999
|Dec 18, 2001
|University Of Kentucky Research Foundation
|Method of solubilizing shortened single-walled carbon nanotubes in organic solutions
|Aug 1, 2000
|Apr 9, 2002
|Midwest Research Institute
|Self bleaching photoelectrochemical-electrochromic device
|Dec 28, 2001
|Aug 30, 2005
|William Marsh Rice University
|Method for purification of as-produced single-wall carbon nanotubes
|Feb 12, 2002
|Nov 28, 2002
|Yiping Zhao
|Ultrafast all-optical switch using carbon nanotube polymer composites
|Mar 26, 2002
|Jul 3, 2003
|Glatkowski Paul J.
|Coatings comprising carbon nanotubes and methods for forming same
|Mar 29, 2002
|May 12, 2005
|Hongjie Dai
|Noncovalent sidewall functionalization of carbon nanotubes
|U.S. Classification
|428/408, 423/447.1, 977/742
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 18, 2011
|Certificate of correction
|Jan 5, 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


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/// Anheuser-Busch, ABC Brew Up Reality Show
December 12, 2011 | Media Week
Anheuser-Busch InBev is brewing up a new reality show designed to boost the slumping profile of its flagship brand, Budweiser. Beginning Jan. 21, the one-hour competition series Bud United presents: The Big Time will air Saturday afternoons on ABC. The network has agreed to broadcast seven installments of the program, which will feature amateurs squaring off in a number of sporting events (baseball, basketball, soccer), as well as a handful of non-athletic pursuits (cooking, music). Set to air at 3 p.m., the Bud-sponsored reality show will lead into ESPN Sports Saturday . The deal was brokered by ESPN.
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The Department is pleased to announce that the new post of Research Investment Lecturer has been accepted by Dr Peter Grieder. Sarah and Mariam will share the Kingsley Prize for the Third Year. David, a joint History-English student, has been awarded the English Departmental prize. Our special congratulations are offered to Emma Bergin, Sarah Kramer, Mariam Yamin and David Rolinson, all of whom have been awarded First Class degrees. Not afraid of getting their hands dirty, full- and part-time students from Hull, Leeds and Southampton participated in a recent excavation at Hayton in East Yorkshire – for more information see the following site at Southampton University.
The expansion of archaeology in the History Department continues apace, primarily due to the efforts of Peter Halkon. ontinuing the football theme, The Times has ranked History at Hull University at number 15 out of 79 in the UK. As we approach the World Cup, our Asia specialist Dr Simon Smith has been making an impact on one of the co-hosts. The full results for History can be found on the HEFCE website.
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Seibert said some were paying taxes to Athens but not the county because they did not know they had to pay county taxes. The county coffers also will see an increase in funds due to the division's monitoring of whether residents are renewing their mobile home decals and business have updated licenses.The division has found an additional $25,000 in revenue from those who weren't paying these fees. It has long been recognised that anti-social behaviour, as well as other patterns of dysfunctional behaviour, develops in part from what is learned in childhood. The longer these patterns go Copy Writing Services unchallenged, the harder it is to change and the individual becomes more deeply entrenched in anti-social behaviour.
ATHENS — Investigations into whether businesses operating in Limestone County are paying their taxes have garnered the county an additional $345,000 in sales tax.Sales tax is split between the Limestone County and Athens City boards of education. Sowell learned Monday that he was now unopposed for the Democratic nomination. The project's involvement with a family will normally be twice a week for six months but can be longer if that is required. "If you don't see it and they can't show it to you, then they don't have the authority to sell it," Ledlow said.
Our next step is that I'm going to need to talk to Nye and ask him questions," Ledlow said. Journalists and photographers are invited to join a gathering of politicians, media, NCH staff, children and family, to mark the launch of Access to IT at NCH Warren Park.
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Jamelia's hit single 'Thank You' dealt with the issue of domestic violence and is a subject she feels passionate about. Using a combination of her personal experiences and strong public profile, Jamelia will work with NCH in delivering important messages to young people about personal safety, standing up search engine optimisation to bullies and self-respect. NCH will soon hold a photocall at one of the charity's projects to announce full details of Jamelia's new role. This event will coincide with her first concert tour which starts on June 8th.
I am really looking forward to working with NCH to help children and young people who are going through some of the experiences that I've been through. I hope that I can make a positive difference and show that is possible to achieve your dreams against all the odds'. I am thrilled that Jamelia has agreed to become LYNCH's first 'Celebrity Champion' – everybody at NCH is very excited about the prospect of working with her.
Three-quarters of parents (73 per cent) are concerned that new 3G mobile phones being introduced to the UK later this year could threaten the safety of children, reveals research by leading children's charity NCH. An NOP Poll launched today (Wednesday, May 5) shows that half of all parents (49 per cent) strongly agree this is a cause for concern. Hailed as a unique personal insight into the difficulties and challenges faced by young people who have Asperger Syndrome.
Now, NCH Cymru aims to help amplify those voices with the opening of Elandash the first such facility in Wales. In addition to the nearby school, children resident at the Project may use other facilities ranging from gymnasium and games room to a music and drama suite.It seeks to identify potential problems at the earliest stage and work with families to try to stabilise their children's behaviour.
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It's tapped into new talent – even the young people who thought that art was just about paint and canvas and it's a brilliant way to give young people a tangible sense of achievement. Art Matters was born out of Ernst & Young's wish to strengthen and broaden its commitment to the arts and to the communities in which it works. The leading children's charity NCH Scotland is taking part in a top level meeting at Westminster today (May 12) to discuss solutions to SMM Services tackling the problem of nuisance neighbours.
NCH Scotland has pioneered the development of a new approach to the problem through its Dundee Families Project which has been recognised by both the Westminster Government and the Scottish Executive as a model of best practice. The success in helping reduce the problem of nuisance neighbours in Dundee has resulted in the manager of the Dundee project, Gill Strachan, being invited by the Home Office to take part in the meeting in London on May 12.
It will involve a small group of 25 key practitioners, academics and policy makers who will discuss the best way forward in tackling an issue that affects towns and cities across the UK. Louise Casey, head of the Government's Anti-Social Behaviour Unit will explain the Government's approach to the problem. The meeting is designed to identify and develop effective policy to respond to problem across the UK.
Typically they include problems of noise particularly late at night, children apparently out of control and aggressive behaviour. All of the families who work with the project have made a commitment to change and most of them see it as a last chance for themselves and their children. NCH, the children's charity.Jamelia has chosen to support NCH because the charity helps thousands of young people facing problems similar to those the singer has personally experienced.