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A House Divided: New research shows this is the most polarized Congress since the Civil War
But how did it get this bad?
WASHINGTON, D.C. - The United States Congress hasn't been this polarized since the North and South faced off against each other in the Civil War, and it won't get better any time soon.
That's according to Keith Poole, a political scientist and Philip H. Alston Jr. Distinguished Professor at the University of Georgia.
Poole and NYU professor of politics Howard Rosenthal collected every roll call vote dating back to the very first Congress in 1789. That's a lot of votes.
The two political scientists used the data to create a kind of ideological roadmap, plotting House and Senate votes along the political spectrum.
What did they find? Our legislative branch hasn't been this polarized in 130 years.
The new great divide didn't happen overnight, says Poole. But it took a little while for other academia—and the media—to catch on.
"I think that Howard and I are surprised that is has continued as to the extent that it has," he says.
But how did it get THIS bad? Poole attributes it in part to the Great Recession, and the country's struggle to recover. He argues that a stable economy is necessary for deal-making, facilitating compromise and negotiations.
Yes, the unemployment rate has held steady and is back at "pre-recession levels", but Poole emphasizes one very important statistic—the workforce participation rate.
"Given the fact that we're down now to a participation rate—a labor force participating rate that has fallen all the way down to what it was in the 1970s…until that starts to turn around, I don't see the economy really dramatically improving," he says.
But it's not just the numbers. Political activists from both parties are contributing to the polarization.
"They just regard the other side as morally deficient. And so it makes it extremely difficult to get people elected like the old leaders of the past who were able to broker deals," Poole adds.
A Pew Research Center survey released Thursday found similar results. According to the survey, when Americans see the political battles between President Obama and Republicans in Congress, roughly half said they preferred the two sides compromised when they come to the negotiating table. But a vocal minority at the farther end of the political spectrum want their side to get 90 percent or more of what they ask for.
One solution to the polarization problem that's been floated around is redistricting, which would make it tougher for those Congressmen who face little to no opposition in their districts to get re-elected.
Poole disagrees and believes that we're unlikely to see any major changes in which party holds the House until after the next census. Despite the attention redistricting has received, the parties remain solidly split between Republicans in rural areas and Democrats urban ones
"Redistricting only makes a difference maybe in eight seats in the House of Representatives, if that. It's something that the press keeps grabbing onto. We debunked it,". says Poole
Keith Poole is a statistics guy, but he's not encouraged by what those stats show.
"I'd like to be optimistic. But basically if you just look at the fiscal conditions of the country, it's not clear to me that you can get the kind of compromises you need to take care of our serious problems," he concludes.
DecodeDC's foremost aim is to be useful. That means being a reliable, honest and highly entertaining source of insight and explanation. It also means providing multimedia coverage of Washington's people, culture, policies and politics that is enlightening and enjoyable. Whether it's a podcast, a video, an interactive graphic, a short story or a long analysis, it will be based on this guiding principle: We are in DC but not OF DC.


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Hello -
Ive searched the forums but I'm unable to find the answer. Is there a process for importing multiple Yahoo email accounts into Zimbra Desktop 7.2.1 GA (build 11637)? This is a fresh install of Zimbra Desktop on a Mac with 1 Yahoo account setup. I'm able to create through the Setup wizard, but I was hoping to add all of the account information into a file and import into Zimbra Desktop. It would be more efficient.
Any suggestions are appreciated.

subset: commoncrawl


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WASHINGTON (WUSA9) -- Presidential dog Sunny went for a walk with her handler on Monday at the White House.
Sunny joined the Obama family on August 19, 2013. She's the same breed as Bo, the Obama's other Portuguese Water Dog.
*If you're viewing this on our iPad app, click VIDEO then choose photo option.
(Photos by Alex Wong/Getty Images)


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Ok, thanks. I'll at least be calling to get the $6 RVU client fee removed that I don't have & to have them ship me another deca broadband adapter.
THanks for all your help!
Be patient it's a new process and I doubt many people have even see the fees for RVU yet alone enabled or disabled them. You might want to tell them that your order was seup with an RVU install which was wrong but you just need to have the DIRECTV Home Media Center service removed. This might help.


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Rocketcat's boots were made for blasting! Help this fearless intergalactic feline navigate through meow-ter space and collect stars in this online arcade game. Use the right and left arrow keys to activate front and back rockets. Use both together to shoot Rocketcat forward. Dodge the drifting comets and watch out for special power-ups in the space debris. Are you ready boots? Start blasting!
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Discover a selection of top forums lemuri voice on the internet. Come to share your passion on forums lemuri voice and meet other fans of lemuri voice. Then, why don't you create your own forum of lemuri voice ?
Broadcasting Duo is one of the fastest growing and rapidly expanding private broadcasting website and forum on the web, come join the broadcasting community that puts it's users first. You will be glad you did!
social, media, broadcasting, television, radio, people, like, designers, promoters, privately, owned, forum, jingles, free, djing, #voice, over, artists


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Artist switches from midnight oils to coffee
CHARLESTON, W.Va. -- Keith W. Johnson's midnight oil was not the type in a lamp, but the kind used for painting. The 37-year-old Charleston native spent many a late night painting with oils and drinking java to keep focused. Now, he's switched careers to full-time artist and switched to coffee as his art medium of choice. Johnson graduated from DuPont High School and joined the Air Force, where he was a security policeman. He earned the Air Force Achievement Medal while serving in Cuba and worked at the Air Combat Command Headquarters in Virginia. Following his military stint, he worked for the U.S. Postal Service for 10 years. "Most of the time I boxed mail or worked the window at the main office downtown in Charleston. At the Post Office is where I started painting with oils. When I first was hired I was on midnights and to keep on schedule, I would stay up on my days off. To keep me busy, I started painting." At the time, he was focusing on oils, but for health reasons had to make a switch. "I did switch to acrylics because I needed to get away from the chemicals of the oils. I am messy and always had paint all over me and after painting with them for years, I think it got to my body and I started having reactions to them. "I thought the switch would be hard. It really wasn't. After about a week or two painting with them it was second nature. I really love the quick drying time. I can finish paintings quicker then with oils. I still use a variation of the old master technique that I learned called the Flemish technique. I build the painting up in layers starting with a drawing, then I do a black-and-white painting, then I add color." Then there's the newest, well, medium that Johnson is using in his art: coffee. "Well, I was in a rut painting. Trying to paint things that I would think would sell, etc. Or trying to box myself in as a landscape painter or flower painter, etc., and I got tired of it. It bothered me and hindered my artistic expression. "That's when I just freed myself and decided to paint what I want and not worry about what others think. I was brainstorming about art ideas and it came to me. Using oils I have made underpaintings with the brown burnt umber color, and I have always loved the feel of just that part of the painting. Coffee is very close to that in color, so I just gave it a try and it worked for me." While he says he's self-taught, he readily divulges that he bought a Bob Ross painting kit that helped him grow as an artist. As a child, he loved art. "I remember drawing He-Man figures as a kid," Johnson said with a laugh. "Art was my favorite class in school. I even got in a show at the Culture Center my senior year." Johnson has been married for 18 years and has four daughters ages 17, 13 and 8-year-old twins. His paintings can be viewed and purchased on his website, www.keithjohnsonpaintings.com. But it's his email address, email@example.com that describes what he does. "It's about art. I am trying to word it right, but it's like the brush is the stick and you are dragging it across the canvas," Johnson said. "I just thought it was a cool name too." As for his switch to coffee, he's using regular for now, but plans to experiment with new and different flavors. "I love it. It's crazy that I love it so much that I want to focus on it with my art. Basically you are painting in values, but I love the warm coffee feel the painting has -- and the smell too." Reach Sara Busse at email@example.com or 304-348-1249.


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Boris getting married
Weekend Winners: Nole, Mardy, Nico, Venus
The Spanish boys arrive in Benidorm
VANtage Point: Davis Cup edition
Tennishead's in my head
Guess the baller behind the shirt
Lindsay's laps of luxury
Speed Lesson #2: the return
BJK talks BJK Cup, ReRe tops V
Inside JJ's Orbit
Rampant virus strikes again
Stick it to Rafa's belly
Why do rich people get free stuff?
Regal Rog does Nationale Suisse
Nole visits Serbia Open
Nice smile, nicer abs
Fed + Cahill team up on "trial" basis
SerenaWilliams.com gets a touch up
Gilles in Wonderland, can work a racquet like nothing
Gearing up for Davis Cup
Give me my money shot!
NaturAna talks tennis with Cicma
JJ + LeftSide get worked out (poor RightSide)
Shrieka's rumored withdrawal from IW, to play doubles only
ATP World Tour gives back to tourneys
K-Swiss nets Anna K
ReRe and ass-ets get Jimmy drunk (sorta)
Nothing to do but practice I guess
Viktor all tangled up...with himself?
+NETCORDS: Wednesday
(image via getty)


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The Urban Suburban Part 3 - 1947 Chevrolet Delivery PanelWritten by on September 23, 2003 Contributors: Scott Doe The Urban's Big Brake
Going fast promotes more status and peer approval than stopping quickly. Car enthusiasts love to toss about performance numbers like gross horsepower, 0-60 times, quarter-mile speeds/e.t.'s, and top-speed potential, but when is the last time you heard someone brag about stopping distances? Yet, when you're driving your street rod and a situation arises that might harm you or the car, are you more likely to need horsepower or braking capability?
High-performance brakes are like seatbelts--you hope you never need to use them, but when you do, they're priceless. There are so many excellent brake upgrade systems available that there isn't any reason not to have an effective braking system on a street rod. Front disc brakes are virtually a default item, and rear disc brakes are becoming much more prevalent.
One of the first items secured for the Urban Suburban project was a stump-pulling big-block Chevy engine from Beck Racing Engines. The 496-cube Max Velocity Plus engine produced 564 hp and 563 lb-ft of torque on 91-octane gasoline. That's a wonderfully balanced output, which should propel even the relatively heavy Chevy with ease.
RB's Obsolete's Ray Doe understands the value of first-class brakes on street rods. He wanted brakes equal to the substantial power (and weight) of the Urban Suburban, so he turned to the experts at Stainless Steel Brakes Corporation (SSBC). The brakes chosen were the SSBC Force 10 four-piston Extreme Duty front disc brakes and the Force 10 four-piston Extreme Duty rear disc brakes.
The Force 10 brake systems are available with a variety of rotor sizes. On the Urban Suburban 13-inch front rotors were selected, while the rear rotors are 14 inches in diameter. Such large rotors necessitate large-diameter wheels for clearance. That isn't a problem on the Urban 'Burban since big wheels and tires were always part of the plan. Billet Specialties SLX 01 wheels were the ingots of choice in sizes 18x8.5 in front and 20x10 in back.
Speaking of big wheels, there is a cosmetic plus to the Force 10 brakes in addition to their outstanding functional value. All that empty space behind the spokes of 20-inch wheels can look kind of vacant. With high-performance disc brakes there's something interesting to see behind the spokes.
All the rotors on the Urban 'Burban are the SSBC Turbo Slotted Rotors. The curved slots are CNC-machined so they look trick, but their main function is to help cool the brakes. The design allows airflow to both cool and clean the rotors. That improves performance, adds life to the rotors, and looks neat in the process.
SSBC also has optional "Xtra-Life" plating that can be added to their rotors. This proprietary anti-corrosion material helps resist rust and keeps all non-wear surfaces looking their best. When you've got a substantial investment in brakes and wheels, the last thing you want to look at is corroded rotors. The SSBC products used on the Suburban all received the full-dress options.
Another SSBC product that is both functional and cosmetic is their set of high-performance carbon Kevlar brake pads. These pads provide superior stopping power, maximum durability, and minimal brake dust. Better stopping response is the best reason to use these premium brake pads, but not having as much brake dust to clean is a nice bonus.
The standard finish on the Force 10 calipers is clear anodizing. Optionally, polished aluminum or powdercoating in red, black, blue, or yellow are available for greater visual appeal. For builders with existing disc brakes, SSBC offers Quick Change caliper upgrade kits. These Force 10 aluminum calipers provide increased stopping power over stock OEM calipers. The Quick Change upgrade kits are available in all the previously mentioned finishes.
There is an additional set of disc brakes on the Urban Suburban. The mechanical parking brake is a Force 10 billet aluminum unit. It is self-adjusting with no disassembly required. The slick little parking brake mounts on the rear rotors next to the actual rear brake calipers. They adapt to most factory and aftermarket parking brake cables.
During the time that the SSBC Force 10 brakes were installed, the brake lines were fitted (they're already plumbed on the rolling chassis) and hooked up to the power master cylinder and inline-proportioning valve.
To handle the massive power of the BRE big-block, a full-tilt B&M automatic transmission was bolted on. From there, the power is transmitted through an Inland Empire Drivelines 3.5-inch aluminum driveshaft to the 9-inch Ford rearend. A strong driveshaft is one of those seemingly mundane items that you wish you had when a stock shaft breaks in the middle of nowhere. A well-built, precisely balanced driveshaft also adds the quality of a car's ride.
During this portion of the buildup, the Rock Valley stainless steel gas tank was installed. The RB's rolling chassis was designed specifically for a Rock Valley tank. On Suburban and Panel trucks, the filler neck in located on the right side. A gas filler door in the right rear fender is necessary. For pickup applications, you can stick with the fender filler or opt for a central filler. With the center filler a small hatch can be positioned in the bed. The Urban Suburban is carbureted, but the Rock Valley tanks can be set up for use with fuel-injected engines, as well.
All the running gear is in place, and the chassis is up on wheels. Fuel and brake lines are all installed. A steering wheel, milk crate, and battery would make the chassis a driver, but as anxious as everyone is to experience the BRE engine, the only current mode of travel is pushing. During the time the chassis and running gear were being assembled, metal magician Alan Swedberg was doing the radical bodywork. Turning the Panel into a Suburban with a Nomad slant will be covered in the next installment.
More Photos From This Article View Slideshow
During the course of the Urban Suburban's buildup, the body and chassis have done time in a number of shops, including Ray Doe's home garage. Here, Ray was attending to details of the Rock Valley stainless steel gas tank installation.Disc brakes are the main focus of this installment. All the trick components came from the Stainless Steel Brake Corporation in Clarence, NY. The Force 10 Extreme four-piston aluminum caliper front and rear kits can be ordered as optional upgrades on the RB's Obsolete rolling chassis for '47-54 GM pickups and Suburbans.A 9-inch brake booster is standard equipment on the Serious Hardware chassis. It was designed to work well with the SSBC brakes. The booster mounts on the outside of the frame to allow more room for the left side of the exhaust system.The front spindles are dropped 1 1/2 inches. SSBC forges the spindles out of high-alloy 4130 steel and heat-treats them for added strength. Grade 8 bolts are used to mount the spindles. The front mounting plates were attached to the spindles. The Turbo Slots match those on the SSBC rotors. They were polished to a mirror-like finish in keeping with all the other optional "show" touches done to this particular system.Here's a close-up of the assembled front disc brakes. The four-piston calipers are the top-of-the-line units, but SSBC also offers high-quality single- and dual-piston aluminum calipers. All the necessary hardware, brake pads, and braided lines are included with the SSBC Force 10 four-piston brake kit. The brake pads are carbon Kevlar pads that produce a minimum of annoying brake dust.The SSBC Force 10 Extreme aluminum rear calipers were powdercoated black. The rear rotors are 14 inches in diameter, so big wheels, like the 20-inchers used on the Urban Suburban, are necessary for proper clearance.A parking brake is a necessity. SSBC offers a trick billet aluminum mechanical parking brake that attaches to the rear rotor above the caliper. Normally, they are engraved "Force 10," but this special set was made with the RB's logo. This trick parking brake fits rotors up to 14x1 1/2 inches. It is self-adjusting.
An SSBC proportioning valve was included in the brake system. The adjustable valve allows you to fine-tune the brakes by balancing the front-to-rear pressure. It was mounted just ahead of the left rear wheelwell with the knob facing the ground but protected by the frame. It can be reached without too much effort.Front wheels are 18x8.5-inch Billet Specialty SLX 01 units. You can see the Turbo Slots on the SSBC rotors through the spokes of the wheels. The massive brakes do an excellent job of filling all the space behind the big wheels. Out back, 20x10-inch Billet Specialties wheels surround the jumbo 14-inch SSBC rotors.RB's rolling chassis was designed for a Rock Valley gas tank. The stainless-steel tank fits perfectly between the last two crossmembers. The 22-gallon tank should hold enough fuel for extended trips even with the robust big-block engine.Speaking of fuel consumption, the Urban Suburban isn't destined to win any economy contests. The Beck Racing Engines 496ci Max Velocity big-block puts out 564 hp and 563 lb-ft of torque. A fully prepped B&M automatic transmission was required to handle all the torque and horsepower of the BRE big-block.


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Net worth: $20 billion
At 77, Icahn enjoyed another strong run in 2012, beating the U.S. stock market and most hedge fund managers. The investment pool he manages for himself and his employees returned 28% in 2012, thanks to bets on Hain Celestial Group and CVR Energy. Icahn, who was born in Brooklyn and grew up in Queens, returned his hedge fund's outside money in 2011. Separately, shares of his Icahn Enterprises, which invests in rail cars, retail, gaming, and energy, surged at the start of 2013. He started 2013 by locking horns with hedge fund trader Bill Ackman over Herbalife, the nutritional supplement seller Herbalife. Icahn took a roughly 13% position in the company after taking on Ackman in a verbal slugfest on CNBC. He returned the client money he managed in his hedge fund in 2011. The activist investor announced in 2012 that he is giving $200 million to the Mount Sinai School of Medicine and has given $40 million to support his six charter schools operating in the Bronx.
Photo: Scott Eells/Bloomberg via Getty Images


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Researchers Are Developing Ways to Edit...
Traditional Tissue Biopsies Are Not Providing...
RNAi Is Working on Tactics to...
To Know Where Biosimilars Are Going,...
FDA approved Pfizer's Lyrica® (pregabalin) capsules for the management of neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury. The drug is already cleared for various indications in 120 countries, and in the U.S. is approved for managing diabetic nerve pain, postherpetic neuralgia, fibromyalgia, and partial onset seizures in adult epilepsy patients who take one or more drugs for their condition.
Pfizer says over about 40% of the 270,000 patients with spinal cord injury in the U.S. suffer from related neuropathic pain. FDA's clearance of Lyrica for the spinal cord injury neuropathic pain indication followed a priority review, and was based on data from two Phase III studies in 357 patients who were allowed to continue taking other pain medications including NSAIDs, opioids, and non-opioids. Data from the placebo-controlled 12- and 16-week trials showed that Lyrica therapy led to significant and continued reductions in neuropathic pain.
Lyrica was Pfizer's second top-selling drug in calendar 2011, achieving revenues of $3.7 billion, up 21% on 2010.
Should the Federal Government Pass a "Right to Try" Bill Allowing Terminally Ill Patients Access to Experimental Medicines?
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Kid Rock broke attendance records at the DTE Energy Music Theatre in his native Detroit recently and the man who previously held the mark was there to celebrate with him.
Kid Rock's eight nights at the venue were all sell-outs and thanks to increased attendance there over the years, he eclipsed pal Bob Seger's 1977 record run.
But the veteran rocker wasn't feeling sore – he joined Rock for an encore on the last night of his stint on Tuesday.
The two Detroit natives, who have often teamed up onstage over the years, performed Seger's Old Time Rock & Roll and Rock's All Summer Long.


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WASHINGTON, DC (WUSA)--If you want to be in the Inaugural Parade on January 21, 2013 you need to apply quick. The deadline for applications is tonight--Thursday, November 30th at 8pm.
The Joint Task Force-National Capital Region is heading up the application process. Applications are only being accepted on-line.
Organizations wishing to be in the inaugural parade should submit their applications on-line at: www.2013InaugurationParade.mil
According to the JTF-NC "Interested parties can also access additional information about the parade and view detailed instructions for completing and submitting their materials. Organizations are able to log-in, create an account, enter relevant data, and up-load organization photos, a group biography, video clips, and copies of supporting correspondence from government and political leaders."
So far over 2,000 organizations or individuals have applied to be in the parade. The ultimate decision as to who is in, and who is out, is left up to the Presidential Inaugural Committee (PIC).
The Joint Task Force-National Capital Region is responsible for coordinating all military ceremonial support for the inaugural activities. Members from all branches of the armed forces compose the JTF-NC.
In a news release the JTF-NC says, "Military involvement in the Presidential Inauguration dates back to April 30, 1789, when members of the U.S. Army, local militia units and revolutionary war veterans escorted George Washington to his first inauguration ceremony. Military support to the Inauguration honors the commander in chief, recognizes civilian control of the military and celebrates democracy."
"The Secretary of Defense has authorized nearly 450 service members to be assigned to JTF-NCR by Inauguration Day to coordinate Department of Defense support in and around the District of Columbia. Historically, as many as 5,000 service members have participated in the celebration, both in view of the public and behind the scenes," says the JTF-NC news release.


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READ: Marco Rubio on Venezuela's Future Following Death of President Hugo Chavez
U.S. Senator Marco Rubio issued the following statement regarding Venezuela's future following the death of Hugo Chavez:
"The Venezuelan people now have an opportunity to turn the page on one of the darkest periods in its history and embark on a new, albeit difficult, path to restore the rule of law, democratic principles, security and free enterprise system in a nation that deserves so much better than the socialist disaster
of the past 14 years. It is my sincere hope that Venezuela's leaders will seek to rebuild our once strong friendship based on shared democratic and free enterprise principles.
"I urge the Administration and the community of democracies in the western hemisphere to keep a watchful eye on the security situation in Venezuela in the coming weeks and months. We must help encourage a leadership transition in accordance with Venezuela's constitution and avoid a vacuum that is filled by power-hungry and violent forces seeking to maintain the status quo. We should instead support Venezuela's democrats committed to writing new, more hopeful chapters in their country's long and proud history."


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|Tri-State announces expansion at Logan County wind facility
|Written by Holyoke Enterprise
Colorado's newest renewable energy facility is already growing. The current 67-megawatt Colorado Highlands Wind project—from which Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association receives 100 percent of the power—is expanding to 91 megawatts. Construction, using 14 GE turbines, is expected to commence in July and be completed this fall.
Tri-State has a 20-year power purchase agreement to receive all the electricity and environmental attributes from the facility, which is jointly owned by Alliance Power, Inc. of Littleton and GE Energy Financial Services of Stamford, Conn.
The wind farm was constructed in 2012 and became operational in December. It is located on 6,640 acres in northeast Colorado's Logan County—in the service territory of Tri-State member co-op Highline Electric Association.
"Colorado Highlands Wind has been performing extremely well since being brought on-line late last year," said Tri-State senior vice president Brad Nebergall.
"The original engineering and design accommodated up to 91 megawatts—which is the maximum that the existing transmission interconnection can support. So now that the additional 14 turbines are available, we are pleased to move forward with its full build-out after Tri-State's board of directors approved the expansion at its February 2013 meeting," he said.
"Colorado Highlands Wind is pleased to enable Tri-State to complete the original vision of the project, capturing its full efficiency and benefits," said Jim Michael, managing member for Colorado Highlands Wind.
The expansion coincides with an RFP (request for proposals) process for additional renewable energy supply that Tri-State is currently undertaking. Tri-State issued the RFP in mid-February and is presently analyzing the proposals that were submitted by the April 2 deadline—and intends to review a short list of the top prospects with its board of directors within the next couple of months.
"The current competitive pricing in the renewable energy sector—particularly wind—encouraged us to explore market opportunities to add an additional project or projects to Tri-State's renewable resource portfolio through the RFP process," Nebergall said. "At the same time, we realize the value we'll be receiving through the Colorado Highlands Wind expansion."
Colorado Highlands Wind is currently one of three utility-scale renewable energy facilities from which Tri-State receives all of the electrical output and renewable energy credits. In 2010 the wholesale power supplier began purchasing the electricity generated at the 51-megawatt Kit Carson Windpower Project in eastern Colorado as well as the 30-megawatt Cimarron Solar Facility in northeastern New Mexico.
In addition, Tri-State's member co-ops have another 45 megawatts of local, community-based renewable and distributed generation projects in operation or scheduled to be operational later this year.
Based in the Denver suburb of Westminster, Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association is a not-for-profit wholesale power supplier to 44 electric cooperatives and public power districts serving approximately 1.5 million consumers throughout a 200,000 square-mile service territory across Colorado, Nebraska, New Mexico and Wyoming.
Holyoke Enterprise April 18, 2013


text: February 27th, 2011-Amber Portwood and Gary Shirley head to Cambria Suites Hotel for an Oscar viewing party in their new clothes in Indianapolis, In. Gary said that they are back together when asked about Amber's reported new boyfriend Adam Dockery. He bought Amber a promise ring earlier during the day and new clothing for the party.


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Part 10: Sneaky Shooter - Stealthily Adding NitrousWritten by on June 1, 2003 Packin' Horsepower in Your Air Cleaner
Say what you will, but horsepower is horsepower, period. Some guys feel it should come solely from compression, camshafts, and carburetion. That's fine and I used to agree with that . . . to an extent. Personally, now I don't care how a car develops horsepower, as long as it does.
With that in mind, the stock engine in the Valiant didn't possess enough of that tire-frying, rear-end blowing, push-you-back-in-the-seat power we were longing for. Before you get all bottles are for babies, man, let me say one thing--grow up. Is it better to get beaten by that punk kid in his Camaro or to have a sneaky shot of giggle juice hidden in the car? I vote for the latter.
Nitrous oxide is one of those things you can see as soon as you open the hood. This has presented problems in the past for the guy who doesn't like to show all his cards when he gets to the game. Let's face it, it's hard to hide a nitrous plate and solenoids underneath a carburetor. You can't pass the plate off as a spacer if there are braided steel lines attached to it.
When we decided to put nitrous on the Valiant, we wanted to conceal it as best we could. This meant no plates. We contacted Holley Performance and ordered their Top Shot system, which Holley markets as its easiest to install N.O.S. kit. From the looks of all the parts and the mounting procedure, we think they're correct. The Top Shot kit is an adjustable unit, capable of horsepower gains ranging from 75 to 150 hp. For engines like the one in the Valiant, this seemed like the perfect fit. We knew right off the bat we would deviate from the instructions . . . just a little. Holley includes a bracket for the nitrous and fuel solenoids that mounts to a carb mounting stud. That was fine, but we wanted to conceal our nitrous kit completely; this meant hiding the solenoids. So, we actually mounted them to the bottom side of our air-cleaner base. This worked well because we used a recessed base, which gave us the room to mount them, and the recess was low enough that you can't see them. Instead of telling you how we did it, we'll let you take a look for yourself and see how we did it--if you can.
We bet you want to know how it works, don't you? I am smiling, but we'll give you the numbers when we print our story about going to the track. Stay tuned.
Fuelish Endeavor
Before you even consider a nitrous setup, you better have a fuel supply to handle it. Normally, a larger nitrous setup requires its own dedicated fuel system. Since we do not plan on hitting the stock engine with enough squeeze to make a loud ka-boom, we made sure our fuel system would be adequate. Also, a dedicated fuel system with a noisy electric pump may give the guy in the other lane an idea that something is up. Remember, we want to be sneaky about this.
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As we got started, we hit our first glitch. The air-cleaner stud had abigger diameter than the hole in the center of the nitrous injector unitthat slides over it.Holley has an adapter to fix this, but we just ground down all but 1inch of the stud and rethreaded it with a 1/4-inch die.Here is the Holley-supplied mounting bracket for the solenoids. Usingthis bracket is fine, but we wanted to hide the fuel and nitroussolenoids. So we deviated from the instructions just a little.If you mount the solenoids according to the instructions, this is allyou have inside the air cleaner. That leaves the stainless steel braidedlines outside where they can be seen.Instead of using the Holley-supplied solenoid bracket, we mounted oursolenoids to the bottom side of the air-cleaner base. We then drilledholes in the down-swept part of the base to allow the stainless steelbraided lines to pass through to the inside. Make sure you use a rubbergrommet in the hole you drill to protect the line from the metal edge ofthe hole.We welded these tabs on the inside of the air-cleaner base so we couldmount the 90-degree AN flare to compression fitting. The braided linesthen came through the holes we drilled and mounted to the AN side of thefitting. Note also that we plumbed our lines from the fitting to theinjector nozzle.Here is the completed air-cleaner assembly. We slipped the injectornozzle over the air-cleaner stud and secured it with a 1/4x20 nut. Thewire draping across the carb throat is the Thermal Safety Switch (TSS).In case of a carb fire, the thin resistor is burnt, stopping the flow offuel/nitrous into the carb. The TSS is the ground for the solenoids.
Bottle mounting is crucial to ensure the most liquid nitrous is removedfrom the bottle. It is best to mount the bottle with the valve handlefacing the front of the car and straight up. We wanted to hide ourbottle, and this meant turning it parallel to the axle. To do this, thevalve handle on the bottle must be tilted at a 45-degree angle towardthe front of the vehicle. We went one step farther and mounted ourbottle inside an old duffel bag in the trunk. If somebody wants to seeinside your trunk, all that's visible is a duffel bag.Our nitrous line was run from the bottle, through the back of the duffel bag, and up through the inside of the car on the driver side, coming through the firewall, and ending at the carb.From the carb to the firewall, we covered the nitrous line with a section of rubber fuel line. This not only protects it, it hides it, too.We decided to mount the WOT micro switch on the passenger side of the carb to help conceal it. The mounting necessary to place it on the driver side (to clear the throttle mechanism) would be too revealing. We used a bottoming tap and tapped one of the small holes--for choke mounting--between the primary and secondaries.We then used a small piece of tubing to space the switch out from the carb body. When the throttle is pasted to the floor, the secondary throttle blades activated the switch. You may need to play with the positioning of the switch to line it up correctly.We then used a small piece of tubing to space the switch out from the carb body. When the throttle is pasted to the floor, the secondary throttle blades activated the switch. You may need to play with the positioning of the switch to line it up correctly.We decided to mount the WOT micro switch on the passenger side of the carb to help conceal it. The mounting necessary to place it on the driver side (to clear the throttle mechanism) would be too revealing. We used a bottoming tap and tapped one of the small holes--for choke mounting--between the primary and secondaries.We opted to mount our arming switch out of sight under the dash and on the steering-column bracket. When needed, we simply reached under and hit the switch. Wiring was a breeze with the instructions.When it came time for the fuel feed to the solenoid, we decided to T into the fuel-feed line feeding to the carb and run a small piece (about 3 inches long) of rubber fuel line from there to the solenoid. We tried to hide it by making the rubber line completely cover the T. You can tell from this picture we had to hold the camera below the hood line to see it. The solenoids are still barely visible.
When you're almost finished, make sure you have enough extra hose for fuel and nitrous so you can get the air cleaner out of the way if you need to.First, we removed the stock 5/16 fuel line from under the car. This line is fine for stock, daily-driven small-blocks,...but the 3/8 aluminum line we got from Summit has an inner diameter the same size as the barbed end of the 5/16 line. This means more volume and less chance of fuel starvation, causing a lean condition.Clean fuel is a necessity. This fuel-filter assembly from Summit ensured no debris entered our carb and solenoids. We mounted it to the frame just ahead of the rear axle.We ran our new aluminum fuel line along the inside of the frame and fastened it with rubber-coated clamps.A barbed fitting was installed into the filter, and a piece of rubber hose connected it to the fuel line.Hint: Using a flaring tool, we put a small bubble at the end of the metal line. This helped seal the rubber hose to the smooth metal line.The nice thing about a 3/8-inch line is it fits through the frame at the stock location in the crossmember at the tranny.