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Property taxes in rural areas catching up with city rates
Please scroll to the bottom of the story for a table comparing estimated homeowner property taxes in Elkhart County's cities and towns.
Life in a small town may offer lower crime rates and relief from the bustle of a larger place.
Property taxes, though — that's another story, at least here in Elkhart County.
As of 2009, at least, property taxes in the county's four towns, Middlebury, Millersburg, Wakarusa and Bristol, tended to be lower than in the larger cities of Elkhart, Goshen and Nappanee. Call it a perk of small-town life.
But since then, the difference has narrowed, and now the tax load of homeowners in the four towns seems to be approaching that of the three cities.
Credit the 1 percent property tax cap on homes that went into effect in 2010. It's capped the tax load on a $100,000 home in Elkhart, Goshen and Nappanee, where tax rates are higher, at $1,000. In the four towns, though, where tax rates are lower, keeping tax bills from bumping the $1,000 lid, the tax burden has continued to edge up. Consider:
Ÿ From 2009 to 2012, property taxes on a $100,000 home have increased minimally in most parts of Elkhart — by just 0.5 percent in the Cleveland Township portion of the city and 1.8 percent in the Osolo Township part of Elkhart. In the section of southern Elkhart in the Concord Community Schools district, taxes actually fell by 6.4 percent.
Ÿ In the same period, the tax bill on a $100,000 home increased 28.6 percent in Bristol, 18.1 percent in Middlebury and 17.4 percent in the Clinton Township portion of Millersburg.
Ÿ Taxes for 2012 on a $100,000 home are still lower in Middlebury, Millersburg, Bristol and Wakarusa compared to the $1,000 bills in Elkhart, Goshen and Nappanee, but barely in some cases. In Middlebury the total bill is $982 and in Millersburg it's $946.
Ÿ In 2009, property tax bills on $100,000 homes in Middlebury, Millersburg, Bristol and Wakarusa were 9.1 percent to 33.5 percent lower than in Elkhart, Goshen and Nappannee. By 2012, the difference narrowed, and bills in the three locales were just 1.8 percent to 12 percent lower.
New tax caps approved by state lawmakers and since enshrined in the Indiana Constitution by voters took full effect in 2010. That's when the tax rate for homeowner-occupied homes fell to 1 percent of a structure's assessed valuation.
The move was meant chiefly to keep a lid on homeowners' property tax bills. But it's had other impacts, notably reducing the amount of property tax funds entering the coffers of cities, counties, libraries and other governmental units, forcing them to cut back or find other revenue sources.
And now, judging by the Elkhart County example, it appears that the caps are having the effect of narrowing the differences in what homeowners pay from locale to locale.
Whether that's good or bad, "that's in the eye of the beholder," said Larry DeBoer, an economist and expert on tax issues from Purdue University.
Bigger cities generally require a comparatively larger chunk of revenue from taxpayers than smaller locales to cover the cost of the broader range of services offered, according to DeBoer. By that measure, relative parity in property tax load between big and small places, then, would mean homeowners in larger cities are getting a bargain compared to their small town counterparts.
Indeed, do away with the 1 percent cap and the 2012 tax bill for the owner of a $100,000 home in Elkhart jumps from $1,000 to anywhere between $1,284 to $1,409, depending on city section. The bills jump to $1,196 in Goshen and $1,123 in Nappanee.
The seeming trend toward tax parity has hardly hit the radar screens of city and town officials in Elkhart County.
Kim Ingle, clerk-treasurer in Nappanee, questioned whether perceived tax load was ever an issue for those deciding whether to live in a city or town. The lower taxes in the county's unincorporated areas, where city and town taxes aren't collected, is the more germane difference for those wanting to live where the tax bite is the smallest.
Likewise, Mark Salee, town manager in Middlebury, said the traditional selling points for Middlebury have been the solid repuation of the schools there and lower crime rate, not taxes.
Still, officials in Elkhart and Goshen see a potential silver lining.
Arvis Dawson, assitant to Elkhart Mayor Dick Moore, said Elkhart leaders are more worried about the loss in property tax revenue brought on by tax caps. However, relatively equal property tax loads could be used as a selling point to draw more residents to the city from smaller places.
Similarly, Goshen Mayor Allan Kauffman, said property tax parity could reduce some of the disincentive to live in the bigger cities in Elkhart County. In turn, that could draw residents from outlying areas, reducing sprawl.
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Stacy Charles Luna Effects Yarn is a similar yarn: mohair, hand wash, dk (21-24 sts/4 in), 25 gram. You may also like Berroco Andean Mist Yarn, which is another similar yarn: hand wash, dk (21-24 sts/4 in), 5.5 sts / inch, 25 gram.
What about yarn that have the same look and feel? Find more yarn with a soft halo texture, sheds, and is machine dyed.
You may enjoy taking a look at the Debbie Bliss Angel Children's Lace Capelet, Debbie Bliss Angel Twist Front Shrug, and Debbie Bliss Angel Lacy Mittens kits all using Debbie Bliss Angel Yarn.
Hopefully our suggested project ideas for Debbie Bliss Angel Yarn can help you come up with your next exciting new project idea!

subset: commoncrawl


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Now, too many XM stations are FM without commercials--but wait! They "promote" their other channels. Sounds awfully like commercials to me. Bah.
What frustrates me even more is that they don't say which DirecTV channel the promoted show is on - even when they talk about something I may be interested in, I can't tune to it since I only have a few XM channels showing in my custom guide!


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Eva I. Varenhorst
Eva I. Varenhorst, 89, of Le Mars, Iowa passed away on Friday, December 9, 2011 at Floyd Valley Hospital in Le Mars. Funeral services will take place at 10:30 a.m. on Tuesday, December 13, 2011 at St. John's Lutheran Church in Le Mars. Rev Gary Landsness and Pastor Marcia Young will officiate. Burial will follow at St. John Evangelical Lutheran Cemetery in Craig, Iowa. Visitation will begin at 2:00 p.m. on Monday, December 12, 2011 at the Mauer - Johnson Funeral Home. The family will be present from 6-8 p.m. with a prayer service scheduled at 7:00 p.m. There will also be one hour of visitation at the church on Monday prior to the funeral. Expressions of sympathy may be directed through www.mauerjohnsonfh.com
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Sort by: Viator Recommends | Traveler Rating | Most Recent
Alentejo Wine Region
By Viator, March 2016
The Alentejo wine region sprawls across southern Portugal from the Spanish border to the beautiful beaches of the Atlantic coast, curling round Lisbon and touching on the Algarve in the south. These ... Read more
Portuguese Wine Tasting
By Viator, March 2016
Portugal is renowned for its wines and fortified port wines. Tours head off from Lisbon to the surrounding vineyards and wineries, where you can see how the wines are made, get a feel for the ... Read more
Flavors of Lisbon
By Viator, March 2016
Eating and drinking is done with a passion in Lisbon, from the local bars selling tots of port and the cafés offering breakfast of bica (espresso) or galão ? coffee served with lashings ... Read more
16 Reasons to Live It Up in Lisbon
By Viator, January 2016
1368 Ratings | Tours & Tickets
The capital of Portugal, Lisbon is a thriving cosmopolitan city spread over seven hills on the country's Atlantic coast. Home to excellent museums and top-quality restaurants, it's also perfectly ... Read more
Best Day Trips from Porto
By Viator, November 2015
Porto sprawls along the Douro River, where multi-colored houses adorned with lacy wrought-iron balconies line the promenade. At its heart lies charismatic Ribeira, a tangle of streets buzzing with ... Read more
Seeing Porto By Foot and Bike
By Viator, November 2015
A UNESCO World Heritage site and former European Capital of Culture, Portugal?s second-largest city has plenty of interest for visitors, and the scenic Rio Douro and beautifully restored Old Town ... Read more
3 Days in Porto & Northern Portugal: Suggested Itineraries
By Viator, November 2015
Porto, Portugal?s second-largest city ? is rich in architecture, museums and wine. It?s a lively city built on the steep granite rising above the Rio Duoro with a UNESCO World Heritage listed old ... Read more
Fado By Night
By Viator, November 2015
Fado is Portugal?s proud musical tradition. The often mournful melodies and lyrics of fado tell tragic stories of the sea and the hardships of life lived by the poor. Fado is linked to the ... Read more
Islands of Portugal Suggested Itineraries
By Viator, June 2015
South of Portugal, 320 mi (515 km) off the coast of North Africa, lies one of the jewels of the Portuguese Islands ? Madeira. Famous for its wine, it also has year-round mild temperatures and ... Read more
Lisbon UNESCO Sights
By Viator, May 2015
Lovely Lisbon has two UNESCO World Heritage listed sights; the landmark Belém Tower is the symbol of Portugal?s 16th-century maritime power and perches on the Tagus River. It was completed in ... Read more
3 Days in Lisbon: Suggested Itineraries
By Viator, April 2015
5422 Ratings | Tours & Tickets
Lisbon �is a city to get lost in, wandering steep, narrow streets lined with tiled buildings, and discovering hidden bars and cafes. Day 1: History, Hills & Local Flavor Start at Rossio and ... Read more
3 Days in the Algarve: Suggested Itineraries
By Viator, April 2015
Gorgeous beaches, spectacular coast, surf, dolphins, sunshine, plus castles and countryside. What?s not to love about Portugal?s playground, The Algarve? Well, the crowds of tourists for one. In peak ... Read more
Best Day Trips from Lisbon
By Viator, April 2015
Lisbon is a dream to explore; just hop on Tram 28 or hire an e-bike to scale the city?s seven hills with ease. If time permits, there?s so much to see outside the city as well, from royal palaces to ... Read more
Madeira's Levadas
By Viator, December 2013
More than 1,350 miles of irrigation channels were originally constructed to carry water to crops in the dry southeast. But today, these levadas provide travelers to Madeira with an extensive network ... Read more
Dolphin and Whale Watching in Madeira
By Viator, December 2013
Madeira?s moderate climate makes it an ideal destination for whale and dolphin watching. Numerous boat trips leave from the island?s shores daily, with costs that range from about 30 to 50 Euros per ... Read more


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palm-beach Articles
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A Guide to Valentine's Day for Travelers
by Terry Ward. Posted Feb 3rd 2011 01:31 PM
Continue ReadingNot sure what to do this Valentine's Day? We've got you covered. Looking for a private escape or a big-city splurge? Want to kick back and do, well, pretty much nothing? Or are you adrenalin-junkies in search of the next big downhill thrill? We've got Valentine's Day for travelers covered. Read on for where to spread the love this February 14.
Concorde Hotels & Resorts
5 Best Photo Opportunities in Palm Beach
by Gabriela Garcia. Posted Oct 18th 2010 04:34 PM
Continue ReadingFrom turn-of-the-century streets and nature preserves to practically isolated beaches - there is an abundance of places here for great photo opportunities. Palm Beach is diverse enough to attract every shutterbug visitor from the leisurely socialite to the nature-loving bird watcher. Here's a guide to five of the most iconic shots:
Lee Van Grack
Palm Beach Slang
by Gabriela Garcia. Posted Oct 13th 2010 04:35 AM
Continue ReadingAlthough most common American slang applies in Palm Beach, there are some unique terms that may strike first-time visitors as entirely new. Palm Beach slang even varies from region to region, making it difficult to keep up. Here's a guide to some of the basics:
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Safe and Dangerous Places in Palm Beach
by Nancy Munro. Posted Oct 5th 2010 09:39 PM
Continue ReadingYou know why you're in Palm Beach – a visit to Grandma, a business trip, a long weekend, or an extended stay in your second home. But what are the areas to avoid in Palm Beach?
We're not talking specific point-A-to-point-B destinations. We're talking about how to get where you're going safely by avoiding dangerous, high-crime areas and locating areas that are attractive for their beaches, bars, restaurants, shopping, culture, and low crime.
We're not talking specific point-A-to-point-B destinations. We're talking about how to get where you're going safely by avoiding dangerous, high-crime areas and locating areas that are attractive for their beaches, bars, restaurants, shopping, culture, and low crime.
Palm Beach with Tweens: A Perfect Family Day
by Nancy Munro. Posted Oct 4th 2010 11:19 AM
Continue ReadingLeave it to tweens to know the latest in communication, music, movies and celebrities – and to use the latest in electronic devices to keep up. According to a 2010 study by the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, kids ages 7-18 spend an average of 7 hours and 38 minutes a day (outside of school!) using some form of electronic media. Those may be discouraging statistics, but rest assured, Palm Beach family travel doesn't have to include "I'm sooooo bored!" texts to friends – or any texts at all. Keep the kids active with the following list of things to do, and Palm Beach with tweens can be fun for everyone.
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I installed Zimbra Appliance v7 with the file deploy.ovf (url). I choose fixed ip but when the server reboot, it's dhcp address...And if i change this address with web interface, i can't log me. i met this error :
"Unable to connect server. Please try again."
A solution?
Thanks for your help.


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Results 1 to 5 of 5
Thread: fully build eg hatch
02-13-2012, 01:44 AM #1Feedback Score 1 (100%)
- Join Date
- May 2010
- Replies
- 79
fully build eg hatchYear: 95Mileage: 12000Title: CleanPhone number: 786-444-7722Price: 8400
tracklite rims with nitto tires all 4
type r tein suspention all around
skunk2 camber kit front and back
full race traction bars
Carbon fiber vis trunk
carbon fiber vis hood
carbon finer spoon spoliler
si rear ligths
3 inch pipes
hks 3 inch mufler
1600 rc injectors
after market fuel rail
fuel tank sump
a1000 aeromotive fuel pump .aeromotive filters two fiberglass filter in and out
r10 in fuel line
r8 return fuel line
big aeromotive fuel regulator
aem wideband
autometer boost gauges
autometer oil presure gage
hasport motor mounts
yellow cap battery
aluminum radiator
after market fan
fully build gsr with papers
b18c1 aebs sleveed block stroke 2.0
cp pistons
eagle rods
polish crank
acl racing bearings
golden eagle head studs
super tech valve
super tech spring
super tech retainers
skunk2 pro2 cams shaft
skunk2 intake manifold
type r oil pump
type r water pump
cosmetic head gasket
hondata intake manifold gasket
gsr tranny ..3 4 5 ls gears new syncros just rebuild
quaife after market lsd
competition twin disk cluch
turbo gt35r gt35r ball bearing
ramhorn exhaust manifold
46 precision wastegate
tial blow off
2.5 paint pipes
big inter cooler
all good hoses around
ecu hondata s300 with boost options installed
hondata boost selenoid
hondata 3 bar map sensor
this car is not playing around verry fast and dangerous has 6** HP and 4** tq on 29 pounds of boost ...
tuned by freed hpc
(car clean tittle ..engine number mach on car vin inspected by california dmv...)
roof clear
need carpet inside
call or tex 786-444-7722
open trades for morre pics and info call or tex
02-13-2012, 05:10 PM #2Feedback Score 1 (100%)
- Join Date
- May 2010
- Replies
- 79
bump trade for rsx type s .....s2000 or tsx
02-18-2012, 06:30 AM #3Feedback Score 0
- Join Date
- Dec 2010
- Replies
- 115
cars totaled now.
02-18-2012, 07:11 PM #4Feedback Score 0
- Join Date
- Jul 2011
- Replies
- 126
part out?
02-22-2012, 07:44 AM #5Feedback Score 0
- Join Date
- Feb 2011
- Replies
- 111
when he crashed it? que paso


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Wednesday lineup in Cleveland
The Royals are set to take on the Indians tonight at 6:05 Central. The game will air on Fox Sports Kansas City and the Royals Radio Network. Here's the lineup:
(Podsednik – LF), (Aviles – 2B), (DeJesus – RF), (Butler – 1B), (Guillen – DH), (Callaspo – 3B), (Maier – CF), (Betancourt – SS), (Kendall – C), (Meche – P)


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Jelena Jankovic's campaign for a first WTA Championship crown got sidetracked big time by a pesky Belarussian today.
The Serb was blasted by year-end debutante Victoria Azarenka 6-2, 6-3 in the first White Group match in Doha. JJ, whose forehand went on sabbatical, was none too pleased by her performance and offered an appreciative Vika a ReRe-style explanation for the loss, according to a tweet by Tennis Channel's James Larosa:
Oh ladies, please keep the comedy relief coming.
Back to the issue at hand: JJ debuted another new ANTA dress for this match and - surprise! - it's my fave one of 'em all. I love the reddish-pink color particularly against the purple background of the court, the simple design, and the gauzy striped tiering which billows nicely when in motion.
Can you believe it? No strange frills, weird embellishments, or shockingly bright colors. I guess her days of "pinata prettiness" are done. Phew.
*wipes brow*
(Photo: Getty)
Tuesday, October 27, 2009
FASHION FIX: JJ vexed by Vika in Doha, amps up ANTA style
Labels: Doha, dress, fashion, Jelena Jankovic, style, tennis, WTA Championships
6 comments:
- AnonymousOctober 27, 2009 at 12:58 PM
I want that dress. None of these tennis dresses have made me want to buy them until this. It's lovely. Payday in a week, off to scroogle.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousOctober 27, 2009 at 2:09 PM
Ok, when I scroogled 'buy anta tennis dress sport spain', nada, but the twenty-first result was this http://video.filestube.com/p/perfect+lady+boysReplyDelete
Dresses not cross dressing please.
Heh heh, and my captcha is 'frecrock'.
LOOOOL @ t. Maybe they attended the draw the other night and got confused.ReplyDelete
Comedy relief indeed...ReplyDelete
- AnonymousOctober 28, 2009 at 1:46 AM
Ooh, Rich bitch!ReplyDelete
Maybe they have a tennis-themed act on there. And what about the imperfect ladyboys?
Does anyone acutally know where/if I can buy what the players wear. I know nike is easy to navigate but I'm not familiar with this brand and want to get some decent sport clothing for once, not just something from the cheapy shops.
- AnonymousOctober 28, 2009 at 2:02 AM
What an awesome dress... Jelena's bod rocks this dress.ReplyDelete


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With the national debate over the use of torture raging on, could a steady diet of violent entertainment color some Americans' view of what has euphemistically been dubbed "enhanced interrogation"?
Writing for the liberal-leaning Huffington Post, Kari Henley opines:
If we are going to truly come to terms with abiding by moral codes against extreme acts of violence, we first have to start in our own living rooms… We say we "don't f**#$ torture," yet Grand Theft Auto is our favorite video game.
Let's face it: Americans are repeatedly exposed to serious scenes of violence when we go out to the movies, watch nightly TV shows, or unwind with video games, all of which drastically decrease overall sensitivity to violence.
To be fair, Henley's views on the supposed desensitizing effects of violent entertainment appear to come primarily from the claims of longtime video game critic Dave Grossman. After spending a few paragraphs on violent TV and movies, Henley returns to video games:
What about these modern X-Box and online video games? While I happen to enjoy the "G" rated Wii, over 11 million people are spending their time engrossed in the World of Warcraft or Grand Theft Auto where the point is to go around and kill people in a calculated way. Tell me again why this is supposed to be fun and relaxing?
It's time to put torture in its place as unacceptable, period, both in our nation's military practices, and in our nation's entertainment standards.
-Reporting from San Diego, GamePolitics Correspondent Andrew Eisen…


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Drop Box, Part IWritten by on January 25, 2005 Resisting Temptation and Lowering a '75 Shorty With Performance Online and Belltech
How many times have you bought car or truck and told yourself, "I'm just going to leave this one as is and drive it?" So you do drive it for a couple weeks, maybe a month, and then something needs to be repaired or replaced. Well, that little fix, it gets you to thinking, "Man, she would sure look good with a new set of wheels or even sitting a little lower to the ground!" So, the curse of not being able to leave well enough alone--or better yet, leaving something "stock"--has hit you and there's nothing that can be done but to satisfy those temptations.
This curse was the case with this particular '75 Chevy Cheyenne. Purchased with the sole intent of being just a "work truck," it soon became a daily driver. Well, daily drivers need to be up to par mechanically, and the old workhorse, albeit previously owned by a so-called garage, was in dire need of brakes, bushings, and some not-so-minor engine work (flat cam among other things--but that's another story for another day). Talks lead us to Jim Chaddick at Performance Online, a company coming on strong in the early-truck market. While Jim was in the process of developing his own line for the '73-85 Chevys/GMCs, he wasn't quite ready to debut it. So we suggested just using his replacement drilled/vented disc brake and suspension rebuild kits featuring Raybestos and Spicer products for the time being. He agreed, and we left the truck with his trusty crew.
Since we were going to have the suspension apart, why not have it lowered while we were at it? Sure, it's not stock, but it does make the truck look a heck of a lot nicer sitting closer to the new 15-inch wheels. Being that the ball joints were getting replaced, it only made sense that we throw in a set of 2-inch dropped spindles and 2-inch-lower coils, right? Sure it did, but it also forced the issue with the rear suspension. So it only made sense to bring down the back, as well. Our choice for drop components was Belltech's 4/6 (4-inch front, 6-inch rear) kit, which included the aforementioned spindles and coils, as well as a flip kit for the rear. Okay, so we weren't really making things easy on Jim, and we for sure weren't sticking to our guns in regards to leaving things alone... But, hey, we're car guys; we can't leave things alone!
If we could just convince ourselves (and our better halves, especially) that we will never, under any circumstances, leave our vehicles stock, then there would surely be peace in the valley! On the flipside of that, we'd never have any fun, would we?! So, follow along as we "ruin" another stock truck...just the way it should be! We'll start off with the desecration of the frontend, followed up with a story next month as we finish the rear.
More Photos From This Article View Slideshow
With collaboration between Performance Online and Belltech products, we had quite the "package" to deal with. On top of that, Performance Online (we'll refer to them as POL from here) agreed to perform the install, as well.Using their line of Spicer/Raybestos suspension and braking components gave a feeling of confidence, and along with the 4/6 Belltech drop, it was guaranteed the truck would not be so easy to crawl under anymore!This is what I had been dealing with since the initial purchase of the truck--improper shocks, worn-out everything, and brakes pretty much riding on rivets!Removal of the majority of suspension parts was pretty self-explanatory (you'll need a pickle fork/air chisel to separate the tie-rod ends, ball joints, etc.), but be very careful when releasing the pressure from the coils.If you don't have a spring compressor, at the very least use a floor jack to "slowly" drop the lower control arm when removing the coil.
When removing the uppers, it's a good idea to keep the alignment shims together (as they came out)...Wrapping up the first "R" of our R&R was the steering. Without a proper puller, you'll never get the Pitman arm off, so make sure you're well equipped before you start throwing things!Ultimately, this is what you wanna see before you jump into rebuilding your frontend--nothing! I felt bad for the POL guys since I hadn't taken the time to pressure-wash all the junk from beneath (figured the excess grease would make it easier to remove things!).Although essentially the same, pre-'73 control arms feature eccentric (threaded) control arm bushings; ours are the later press-in style (shown being removed here with the air chisel).
Finally, the new Spicer rubber (not urethane) control arm bushings were pressed (or hammered or slipped) in place. A little grease (even white lithium) always helps motivate things too, if you get the drift!Before moving on to the Belltech portion of the job, the remainder of the Spicer steering components were installed. Now is the time to dig out those old tie rods!With the control arms spread apart, the new Belltech dropped coil slid right into the pockets, followed by their dropped spindle.Dust boot are your friends--so is grease. Use them both wisely! Just as important, do not forget cotter pins wherever necessary!Our last Belltech items to go in place were the Nitroactive gas shocks. For those concerned with shock length and angle, performance Online offers an upper relocating mount.Finally, the new Raybestos rotors (vented, cross-drilled by POL) and calipers were installed onto the Belltech spindles. In place of the standard pads, Raybestos sent a set of their new heavy-duty ceramic pads for better stopping power and less mess.Save for final alignment, that was all she wrote for the frontend portion of this job. If you're the type who likes things a little closer to earth, you'll have to explore lower control arm options (which Performance Online should have available by the time issue hits the newsstands). Stay tuned next month when show you the "simple" steps to getting the rear down.


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Wiki > Main > CustomWPS (compare)
Difference: CustomWPS (r246 vs. r245)
Custom WPS Display - File Format Specifications
Note: a Custom WPS Display file format specification also exists in the manual (13.2.2). The manual and this page differ in certain aspects and may not be up-to-date.
Description / General Info
File Location
Custom WPS files may be located anywhere on the drive, although it's recommend to organize them in the
How To Create A .wps File
Quite simply, enter the WPS code in your favourite text editor, Notepad on Windows works fine. When you save it, instead of saving it as a .txt file, save it as a .wps file. Example: Instead of Rockbox.txt, save the file as Rockbox.wps. To make sure non english characters display correctly in your WPS you must save the .wps file with UTF-8 character encoding. This can be done in most editors, for example Notepad in Windows 2000 or XP (but not in 9x/ME) can do this.
By default, a WPS fills the whole screen, and that screen is split into lines. Viewports allow you to specify a rectangular window in this screen, complete its own foreground/background colour. For the WPS, all lines before the first viewport declaration are drawn in the default (full-screen) viewport, and lines after a viewport declaration are drawn within that viewport. In Custom Status Bars, you can only load images in that default viewport. You cannot draw them or display text in it.
The syntax of the viewport declaration is: %V(x,y,[width],[height],[fontid]) where:
Conditional Viewports
Any viewport can be conditionally displayed with minor changes to the above syntax.
Info Viewport (Base Skin (.sbs) only)
Viewport Colours
These need to be before any other tags after a %V() line or scrolling lines will not work as expected.
Viewport Line Text Styles
Mode is:
Viewport Draw Layer
Rockbox uses two framebuffers when it does a screen redraw. The bottom layer is used for the backdrop image (the static parts of the display behind text for example), and the upper layer (the text/images). Using this tag you can tell the skin engine to instead draw everything in this viewport onto the backdrop layer instead of the foreground layer. Don't draw text here as it may not work too well. If the skin has this any %X() tag will be ignored and the whole screen will have a solid background (with the colour specified in the settings), so to get the most out of this feature:
Draw a rectangle! (optionally with a gradient)
if both colours are left out the viewports foreground colour will be used if one colour is specified it will fill the rectangle that colour. if both colours are specified it will gradient fill the rectangle.
Status Bar
These tags override the player setting for the display of the status bar, they must be on their own line.
It can also be used for the Custom Status Bar
ID3 Tag Info
Remember that this information is not always available, so use the conditionals to show alternate information in preference to assuming.
If a cuesheet is associated with the current playing track (and cuesheet support is enabled), the starred items above will be retrieved from the cuesheet instead of the audio track
Next Track Info
You can also display information about the next track in the playlist. If you use the uppercase versions of the I, F and D tag groups they will refer to the next song instead of the current one.
Example: %Ig is the genre name used in the next track and %Ff is the audio frequency of the next track.
Take note that the next song information WILL NOT be available at all times, but will most likely be available by the end of a song. We suggest you use the conditional display tags when displaying information about the next song, just in case.
Power-Related Information
Tags pertaining to power - namely battery level and charging.
Real Time Clock
Tags allowing to add a clock to your WPS. They will be empty if the time isn't set correctly.
For example,
The tags have values only if the RTC is set properly. This means that to avoid having empty values displayed like
File Info
Example for the the %d(N) commands: If the path is "/Rock/Kent/Isola/11 - 747.mp3", %d(1) is "Isola", %d(2) is "Kent"... You get the picture.
Playlist/Song Info
Playlist viewer
This allows you to display some information for the upcoming tracks in the playlist (instead of just the next track).
example: %Vp(1, %pp - %?it<%it|%fn>) will display the playlist position, then either the track title (from id3) or the filename. The viewer will display as many tracks as will fit in the viewport.
Runtime Database and Replaygain
Hold Switches
Virtual LED
Repeat Mode
Playback Mode
Note: Currently, playing status 0 (stop), is only entered for a brief period of time when the last file in a playlist ends, just before the �menu� screen is automatically displayed. Intended future changes in WPS's features will extend the use of the "stop" status.
Images are used to make skins slightly more interesting than just plain text.
Because most uses of images are to display some player/setting state it is usual to create an "image strip" which groups all the images for a single tag into one vertical strip where only one of the images in the strip will be shown (explained below)
%X - Load a background image
filename.bmp is the filename of the image to load. If - is used then the background image from the Base Skin or settings will be used. if %X(d) is used NO background image will be used (so only the flat background colour will be used)
%x - Load and display an image
%xl - Load an image for display with %xd
%xd - Display a preloaded (sub)image
This tag has a few forms.
Bitmap Strips
Bitmap Strips are used to display portions of an image. The images you wish to display must be tiled vertically within the "container" image. For example
%xl(M,volume.bmp,134,153,10) %?pv<%xd(Ma)|%xd(Mb)|%xd(Mc)|%xd(Md)|%xd(Me)|%xd(Mf)|%xd(Mg)|%xd(Mh)|%xd(Mi)|%xd(Mj)>
The above code says "Load volume.bmp at coordinates x,y , which contains 10 subimages". So if the "volume.bmp" was 100 pixels high, this would display the top 10 pixels for %xdMa and the next 10 pixels for %xdMb and so on.
Also see the images section above for more information about the tag syntax.
LCD Screen Sizes / BMP Compatibility
Album Art
It is possible to make your WPS display cover art. See AlbumArt for full details. Both of the following tags are required:
Recording Screen tokens (currently only usable in a .sbs skin)
FM Radio tokens
Some of the radio tokens are better used as a switch for a conditional, i.e. as
All alignment tags may be present in one line, but they need to be in the order left - center - right. If the aligned texts overlap, they are merged.
This tag can occur anywhere in a line, given that the text is displayed (see conditionals). You can specify up to 10 scrolling lines. Scrolling lines can not contain dynamic content such as timers, peak meters or progress bars.
Increasing/Decreasing Volume
This tag can be used to display text or images only when the volume is being changed. If you put a number straight after %mv it will be used as a timeout in seconds (e.g %mv(2.5) will give a 2.5s timeout) between the volume button being released and the tag going false. If no number is specified it will use a 1 second timeout
Can also be used as a conditional, and can be used with conditional viewports for some really neat effects.
Showing other settings
Example: Can be used as a simple tag
Touchscreen areas
Action is one of:
Available options:
Last Touchscreen Press
This tag can be used to display text or images or a viewport when the touchscreen get pressed (like an On Screen Display). If you put a number straight after %Tl it will be used as a timeout in seconds (e.g %Tl(2.5) will give a 2.5s timeout) between the touchscreen press being released and the tag going false. If no number is specified it will use a 1 second timeout
Can also be used as a conditional, and can be used with conditional viewports for some really neat effects.
This tag can be given a label of a touch region so it only goes true if that region was touched recently. Example:
%?Tl(play_button, 1)<some text>
will display "some text" for one second after the touch region labeled "play_button" is pressed
Current Screen
You are in the %?cs<Main menu|WPS|Recording screen|FM Radio screen|Current playlist screen|etc..>
%?if(%cs, =, 2)<This is the WPS>
List Title (.sbs only)
Drawing the lists using a skin
The entire list can now be drawn using the skin engine! To do this you need at least one viewport which will be drawn for each item on the screen, and the ui viewport configured (using the %Vi tag). To make this work do the following:
%LI and %LT accept two optional parameters to get a different line option than the one currently being drawn. The first paramter is an offset from the current item. The second can be the word "nowrap" (without quotes) to make the line not wrap if the offset would go past either end of the list
%?cs<%Lb(a,100,20)|> %V(0,0,10,-,1)%Vf(aabbcc) %?LB<%LB(0,0,10,185, invert)> %Vi(-,10,0,-,-35,1) %Vl(a,5,5,160,12,1) %s%?Lc<%Vg(00ffaa, ff0000, 000000)%Vs(gradient)%>%>%>%ac>zzzzzzz %LT zzzzz%s%?Lc<%ar%<%<%<> %V(0,185,-,-,1) %s%LT
Conditional Tags
If the tag specified by "xx" has a value, the text between the "<" and the "|" is displayed (the true part), else the text between the "|" and the ">" is displayed (the false part).
The else part is optional, so the "|" does not have to be specified if no else part is desired. The conditionals nest, so the text in the if and else part can contain all % commands, including conditionals.
%if() logical comparison tag
This lets you do very simple logical comparissons on other tags.
example: %?if(%pv, >=, 0)<Warning.. volume clipping|coool...>
That says "If the value from %pv (volume) is greater than or equal to 0 then display the warning line, otherwise the cool line."
%?if(%ia, =, %Ia) <= this artist and next artist are the same.
Note that %?if() evaluates tag enumerations as if they started from 1 (one) instead of 0 (zero). See: FS#12891.
For instance, %?if(%mp, =, 1) returns true when playback is stopped (first value of %mp). If you were to display %mp as is, when playback is stopped, the value 0 (zero) would be displayed, not 1 (one) like in the conditional.
It gets trickier when evaluating arbitrary numbers. When testing for font size, you need to test (value + 1). Here's a counter-intuitive example:
%?if(%ss(0, 2, %St(font), number), =, 15)<font size is 14px|font size is not 14px>
Here we use %St(font) to get the font name, we trim it with %ss() to keep the first two characters (which usually indicate the font size) while setting the type to "number", and we evaluate it. %?if() weirdness will evaluate that number as (number + 1): the above example returns true when the font is "14-Nimbus", even though we tested for the value "15".
-- GuillaumeCocatreZilgien - 22 Aug 2013
%and() and %or logical operators
This tag allows you to check multiple tags in one conditional instead of doing nested conditionals. %and() will be true if all tags are true, %or() will be true if any tags are true
For tags with multiple values, like Play status, the conditional can hold a list of alternatives, one for each value the tag can have.
The last else part is optional, and will be displayed if the tag has no value. The WPS parser will always display the last part if the tag has no value, or if the list of alternatives is too short.
Skin Variables (Touchscreen only)
Variables minimum value is 1 and are set to 1 on skin load.
Alternating Sublines
It is possible to group items on each line into 2 or more groups or "sublines". Each subline will be displayed in succession on the line for a specified time, alternating continuously through each defined subline.
Items on a line are broken into sublines with the semicolon ';' character. The display time for each subline defaults to 2 seconds unless modified by using the '%t' tag to specify an alternate time (in seconds and optional tenths of a second) for the subline to be displayed.
Subline related special characters and tags:
; : Split items on a line into separate sublines %t : Set the subline display time. The '%t' is followed by either integer seconds %t(5), or seconds and tenths of a second %t(3.5).
Each alternating subline can still be optionally scrolled while it is being displayed, and scrollable formats can be displayed on the same line with non-scrollable formats (such as track elapsed time) as long as they are separated into different sublines.
Example subline definition:
%s%t(4)%ia;%s%it;%t(3)%pc %pr : Display id3 artist for 4 seconds, Display id3 title for 2 seconds, Display current and remaining track time for 3 seconds, repeat...
Conditionals can be used with sublines to display a different set and/or number of sublines on the line depending on the evaluation of the conditional.
Example subline with conditionals:
The format above will do two different things depending if ID3 tags are present. If the ID3 artist and title are present :
Display ID3 title for 8 seconds,
Display ID3 artist for 3 seconds,
If the ID3 artist and title are not present :
Display the filename continuously.
Note that by using a subline display time of 0 in one branch of a conditional, a subline can be skipped (not displayed) when that condition is met.
Bar Tags
Some tags can be used to display a bar which draws according to the value of the tag. To use these tags like a bar you need to use the following params (%XX should be replaced with the actual tag)
%XX(x, y, width, height, filename, [options])
The coordinates must be within the viewport's boundaries.
To maintain backward compatibility a filename can be given as the first option instead of using the 'image, ' tuple.
Other Tags
Use - for the length to get the full string starting at the 'start' index (0 being the first character).
It is possible to use %ss() to determine the length of a string in a conditional:
%?if(%ss(0, 20, %it), =, %it)<track title length is 20 characters or less|track title length is over 20 characters>
The above trims the track title to 20 characters, and then compares that string to the full track title. If the values are different, it means that the track title is longer than 20 characters.
-- GuillaumeCocatreZilgien - 22 Aug 2013
Special characters
%% : Display a '%' %< : Display a '<' %| : Display a '|' %> : Display a '>' %; : Display a ';' %# : Display a '#' %( : Display a '(' %) : Display a ')' %, : Display a ','
Example Files
Example WPS for the iPod 5g
Example WPS for the Gigabeat F
The UISimulator
You can use a Rockbox UISimulator to preview your WPS on your Windows PC. Extract the archive for your model and copy your .wps file into the existing subdirectory
The checkwps tool
Usage: checkwps [OPTIONS] filename.wps OPTIONS: -v verbose -vv more verbose -vvv very verbose
This tool is included in a regular SVN checkout. To compile it, cd to the
In the Vim text editor, a script here provides syntax highlighting for WPS files.
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r246 - 15 Aug 2014 - 06:01:13 - HaydenPearceRevision r246 - 15 Aug 2014 - 06:01 - HaydenPearce
Revision r245 - 12 Jan 2014 - 23:43 - ThomasMartitz
Copyright © by the contributing authors.


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A Random Universe
Why hello there youngling. How are you on this fine day? This is my website and in it are things that you dare not imagine. Prepare yourself for the journey of a lifetime. Whether your name is Rose, Matt, Adam, Finnegan or Vladimir, you will find that I am well prepared for all your ADHD tendencies. Don't change the channel, buddy—check out what's REALLY happening in this part of town.
If you find that the words used on this website is too complex for your brain, either go and learn english, find something that isn't so strange, or look for something else.
You may just find something that you like. Or a pie.
Either way you win, don't you?


text:
Your browser doesn't have support for real-time updates. Please install flash or upgrade your browser.
The annual Parsons BFA Fashion Show presents the top collections of the graduating class. This event has helped launch the careers of some of the school's most talented alumni, including Marc Jacobs '84 and Jack McCollough '02 and Lazaro Hernandez '02 of Proenza Schouler, and Carly Cushnie '07 and Michelle Ochs '07 of Cushnie et Ochs. The Fashion Show is a highlight of the third annual Parsons Festival. A showcase for the creativity and talent found throughout Parsons, the festival includes exhibitions, thought-provoking public programs, installations, and other events. For more information, and to view a live stream simulcast of the show, visit the festival website.


text:
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Because the hotel is situated in Sunbury, Ohio, staying here means that you're only a few miles from the Alum Creek State Park, where our guests can participate in recreational
View More
Because the hotel is situated in Sunbury, Ohio, staying here means that you're only a few miles from the Alum Creek State Park, where our guests can participate in recreational activities like picnicking, nature programs, fishing, hunting, boating and mountain biking. In addition, the Delaware County Fairground is a short distance away, so feel free to come watch the Little Brown Jug horse races if you're here in the fall.
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text:
The Seascape also sits within the Coral Triangle, a marine area in the western Pacific Ocean considered the global epicenter of marine biodiversity. Protecting it is critical for all the life that depends on it — and after a decade of conservation efforts, the
Bird's Head Seascape is now a global model for community-driven conservation at scale and is turning the tide on threats such as destructive fishing methods and overfishing.
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text:
My terminology is a bit lacking so please bear with me. The doors on my 2004 Toyota RAV4 are very loose and will only stay open if I'm parked on a flat or declined surface. If I remember correctly they used to have a "notch" where they would stay about half-way open and all of the way open. That notch feels like it's gone and the doors are completely at the mercy of wind and gravity. Is there something I can adjust to tighten them back up?
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There are two different ways of doing that, so it depends which Toyota have used - Either there is a notch on the hinge itself, or it is part of the check strap.
The latter is probably easier to check - between the hinges there should be a bar that is hinged at one end and slides at the other. It's main purpose is to sopt the door opening more than it should, but they can also be used to hold the door - look at it and see if there is any notch or lump halfway along. If there is, it's likely that the fixed part is worn if it doesn't stay in either position.
If it is part of the hinges, it'll be cast into the hinge itself. You mention that the door is loose - is that in all directions? i.e. if you open the door and grip it firmly, can you move it up and down. If so, the hinges themselves are worn and will probably need replacing (very few are adjustable). This is often more common on driver's doors as they are used more than the others.


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After a certain period of time, all women report changes to the body on their skin. Collagen production slows and breaks down with age so that the skin begins to sag and appear floppy and uneven. At the same time, cellulite is a common concern that affects the large majority of women. Contrary to popular belief, this is an issue for women of all body types, including fit and trim. Murad Firming and Cellulite products are specially formulated just for the body. The serums and creams contain technologically advanced ingredients which help to firm, tighten and smooth the skin on the body.
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[About the University]
Center for Communication and Educational TechnologyThe Center for Communication and Educational Technology (CCET) is a nationally recognized leader in education reform and distance learning technology. Serving more than 150,000 middle-school and high-school students, the educational programs CCET has established provide resources and learning opportunities in foreign languages and sciences. CCET offers employment opportunities to University students through graduate assistantships, marketing internships, and production assistantships. For more information, contact The University of Alabama, Center for Communication and Educational Technology, Box 870167, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0167; (205) 348-2428.
Center for Teaching and LearningThe Center for Teaching and Learning (CTL) provides academic support for University of Alabama students. Its services are designed to improve each student's academic performance. For more information, see "Support Programs and Services for Students," p. 35.
College of Continuing StudiesThe College of Continuing Studies delivers educational opportunities to nontraditional students through various degree programs, including distance education; correspondence; evening classes; weekend classes; the Gadsden Center; the External Degree Program; and professional and management development and technical training courses, which include a wide variety of professional workshops, seminars, conferences, and institutes. For information on the programs offered through the College of Continuing Studies, see the section beginning on p. 49.
Japan ProgramJapan Program. The Japan Program, as part of the Capstone International Center, administers academic and cultural programs and activities designed to increase understanding between the peoples of the United States and Japan. Through linkages with universities and other educational or cultural agencies in Japan, the program enables UA students and faculty members to study, conduct research, and teach in Japan. Reciprocal student exchange programs with Kansai Gaidai University in Osaka, Hiroshima University, and Chiba University enable qualified undergraduate students to study Japanese in Japan while undertaking Asian studies, humanities, social science, and science courses taught in English. Generous AIE-J scholarships providing round-trip transportation and a monthly stipend are available on a competitive basis to UA students. Examples of courses offered at partner institutions include Japanese-Style Management, Japanese Economic Development, Sociology of Everyday Life in Japan, Survey of Modern Japanese History, Japanese Culture and Education, Seminar in Geography, Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences in Japan, and Introduction to Deep-Sea Biology. For students who have already earned undergraduate degrees, the Nagoya Institute of Technology and Chiba University offer prestigious Monbusho (Ministry of Education) research scholarships for 18 months of study. The Monbusho scholarship provides round-trip transportation and monthly stipends to cover living costs. The Japan Program conducts a variety of outreach and academic enrichment programs in its Japan Culture and Information Center (see p. 56) and the Tuscaloosa Saturday School (supplementary education in Japanese for children ages six to 16 from Japan). A founding and active member of the Tuscaloosa Sister-Cities Commission as well as the Japan-America Society of Alabama, it also organizes the annual spring Sakura Festival and Haiku contest for the state of Alabama and publishes the quarterly Japan Program Newsletter. More information about the Japan Program may be obtained from the director, Dr. Marilyn B. Emplaincourt, 135 B. B. Comer Hall; (205) 348-5312.
Libraries at The University of AlabamaThe goal of the libraries at The University of Alabama is to help students and faculty find the information they need the way they want it through library facilities, resources, and services. Reference librarians assist students and faculty in making effective use of the rich and diverse resources available in the University's libraries. The libraries also offer individual and group library instruction to help both faculty and students with class and research needs. The libraries' catalog, e-journals, and e-books and a wide array of databases may be accessed electronically in each of the libraries. In addition, these resources are available outside the library facilities via the University Libraries' Web site at www.lib.ua.edu. The libraries hold more than two million items, including a regional depository collection of United States government publications. In addition to books and microform materials, campus libraries offer a broad selection of journals, newspapers, and other serials in paper and electronic form. Each of the libraries provides special accommodations for users with disabilities. Library services supporting students in distance education are available through the Web site and by telephone. Five libraries comprise the University Libraries system. Four of these libraries are discipline-related: Amelia Gayle Gorgas Library (humanities, social sciences, and arts), Angelo Bruno Business Library, McLure Education Library, and Eric and Sarah Rodgers Library for Science and Engineering. The fifth library, William Stanley Hoole Special Collections Library, contains rare books and materials related to Alabama and the deep South, including the archives of the University. Campus libraries under separate administration are the Health Sciences Library, the Bounds Law Library, and the Map Library.
Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU)The University of Alabama has been a sponsoring institution of Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) since its founding in 1946. ORAU is a private, not-for-profit consortium of 65 colleges and universities, and a management and operating contractor for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); its principal offices are located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. ORAU provides and develops capabilities critical to the nation's technology infrastructure, particularly in energy, education, health, and the environment. ORAU works with and for its member institutions to help faculty and students gain access to federal research facilities; to keep members informed about opportunities for fellowship, scholarship, and research appointments; and to organize research alliances among its members in areas where their collective strengths can be focused on issues of national importance. ORAU manages the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE). ORISE is responsible for national and international programs in science and engineering education, training and management systems, energy and environment systems, and medical sciences. ORISE's competitive programs bring students at all levels, K-12 through postgraduate, and university faculty members into federal and private laboratories. ORAU's Office for University, Industry, and Government Alliances (UIGA) seeks out opportunities for collaborative alliances among its member universities, private industry, and federal laboratories. Current alliances include the Southern Association for High-Energy Physics (SAHEP) and the Center for Bio-Electromagnetic Interaction Research (CBEIR). Other UIGA activities include sponsorship of conferences and workshops, a visiting scholars program, and the Junior Faculty Enhancement Awards. Contact Robert A. Griffin at (205) 348-1591 for more information about ORAU programs.
Seebeck Computer CenterThe University of Alabama provides computing resources for research and instruction through the Seebeck Computer Center, housed in Gordon Palmer Hall. The computer center is part of the Office of Information Technology, which also includes the Faculty Resource Center and Telecommunications. The computer center staff maintains the campus network backbone, Internet connections, and central academic and administrative servers. Services provided include e-mail, Web hosting, calendaring, administrative business systems, software licensing, training, and personal computing assistance for University faculty, staff, and students. Centralized computing hardware maintained and supported by Seebeck Computer Center include a Sun Enterprise 6000 server and an IBM 9672R26 Enterprise Server. The 9672R26 supports the University's administrative applications, such as student records and registration. The Sun Unix server is the central academic computer, providing e-mail accounts and Web space as well as access to statistical applications, such as SAS and SPSS, and many common programming language compilers. Personal computer labs are available in each of the colleges on campus. The hardware and software that are available in these labs vary according to the needs of students. Seebeck Computer Center also has a small lab in 127 Gordon Palmer Hall. This lab is open almost 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and can be used by any University of Alabama student, faculty, or staff member. More information can be found online at pclabs.ua.edu. The University is a full participant in the Internet as well as a charter member of the Internet2 project. Students can access the Internet in various ways while on campus. Practically all the computer labs are directly linked to the University's partial T3 connection. Students living in certain residence halls have the opportunity to participate in ResNet (resnet.ua.edu), which gives their personal computers the same connection speed found in the labs. Students in non-ResNet halls or those living off-campus can use a dialup Internet connection. The University supports a limited numbers of lines for dialup connections at speeds up to 33.6 Kbps. Those students who need or want more connectivity than the University's service can provide may use any of the growing number of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in the Tuscaloosa area. In addition to dialup access, many Tuscaloosa residents have the option of high-speed Internet access via cable modem or DSL. Information about Internet access for faculty, staff, and students can be found at online helpdesk.ua.edu/internet. The University is also a member of the Alabama Research and Education Network (AREN). AREN provides universities and schools throughout the state with high-speed network access to the Cray SV1 supercomputer, located in Huntsville, and to other network facilities. The Visualization Lab, located in A-204 Gordon Palmer Hall, has five Silicon Graphics computers providing high-quality graphics capability and color printing as well as video input and output. The computer center HelpDesk, located in A-203 Gordon Palmer Hall, provides general information and assistance on all aspects of computer use. Any faculty or staff member who wants e-mail, Web space, dialup access, or access to central computing resources may obtain an account through the HelpDesk. Students are automatically given accounts when they complete registration. Any student who hasn't received account information, has misplaced it, or needs other assistance should go to the HelpDesk. AREN supercomputer and Visualization Lab accounts may be requested there as well. The HelpDesk also provides assistance through telephone (205-348-2435), e-mail (email@example.com), and its Web site (helpdesk.ua.edu). For more information about Seebeck Computer Center, contact the HelpDesk, Seebeck Computer Center, The University of Alabama, Box 870346, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0346.
Testing and Data Management ServicesTesting and Data Management Services is a support unit that has provided service to University of Alabama students, faculty, and staff for more than 25 years. The department operates within approved University of Alabama guidelines, policies, and procedures. In addition, the American Psychological Association's code of ethics is used as a guide for the use of tests and test results and in designing research projects, and the restrictions of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act are observed as a guideline to ensure the privacy of test scores and related data. Testing and DMS services include test administration; test scoring and score reporting; and forms design and data input through optical scanning. Forms design, printing, and scanning services are provided to students, faculty, and staff who use surveys and questionnaires for data collection. A scoring service for classroom tests is provided for faculty members. Testing and DMS administers course placement tests, tests for credit by examination, and special tests requested by students and faculty. Testing and DMS also serves as an information center for prospective and enrolled students who wish to register to take undergraduate and graduate admission tests. Contact the Testing and Data Management Services staff at (205) 348-6760 for information on registering for the tests listed below or to find out whether Testing and DMS can administer other tests not listed.
University of Alabama MuseumsThe University of Alabama Museums include the following: the Paul W. Bryant Museum, the Alabama Museum of Natural History, Moundville Archaeological Park, and the Gorgas House. UA Museums are owned and operated by The University of Alabama and are administered by the Office for Academic Affairs. Along with the museums, the University of Alabama Museums organization includes service departments and an archaeological survey contract office: the Office of Exhibits and Education, the Office of Archaeological Services, the Office of Museum Relations (publications and marketing), and the Office of Development. Paul W. Bryant Museum. 300 Bryant Drive, Tuscaloosa. Opened in 1988, the Bryant Museum features exhibits containing artifacts and memorabilia on more than 100 years of Alabama football history. Video-enhanced displays highlight famous Crimson Tide games, players, and coaches. The Bryant Museum's state-of-the-art archival library is a national research center for Southeastern Conference sports. The museum is open daily from 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. and is closed for major holidays. Admission is charged; group rates are available. The Paul W. Bryant Museum is available for after-hours rental for receptions, weddings, and other special events. Call (205) 348-4668 for information. Alabama Museum of Natural History. Smith Hall, University of Alabama campus, Tuscaloosa. Founded in 1847, the Alabama Museum of Natural History holds collections of natural history, geology, mineralogy, paleontology, ethnology, zoology, and botany that are among the oldest in the state, many dating to the Civil War. Displays of fossils from the Coal Age, the Age of Dinosaurs, and the Ice Age are found in the Beaux Arts grand exhibition hall. Educational programs for both children and adults include the annual Museum Expedition, a major hands-on science education field camp; Exploring Alabama, a series of daylong field trips; and Discovering Alabama, a natural history series on public television. Living history tours are available. The museum is open Tuesday-Saturday, 10:00 a.m.-4:30 p.m., and Sunday, 1:00-4:30 p.m., and is closed for University holidays. Admission is charged. The Alabama Museum of Natural History is available for after-hours rental for receptions and other special events. Call (205) 348-7550 for information. Moundville Archaeological Park. Highway 69, Moundville. Opened as a University park in 1939, the 320-acre park is an internationally known archaeological site that contains more than 20 Mississippian Indian mounds, an archaeological museum, a conference center, a boardwalk nature trail, picnic areas, and campgrounds. The Moundville Park is also home of the recently excavated remains of the only earthlodge council house ever discovered in Alabama — one of only a few found in the nation. The annual Moundville Native American Festival draws thousands of visitors during the first week of October. The park is open daily from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., and the museum is open daily from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Both are closed for major holidays. Admission is charged; group rates are available. Call (205) 371-2234 or 371-2572 for information. Gorgas House. University of Alabama campus. Built in 1829, the Gorgas House was the first structure on the University of Alabama campus and was one of a few buildings to survive the 1865 burning of the campus during the Civil War. Designed as a hotel or "steward's hall," the house was originally to serve as a dining hall for University of Alabama cadets. Now a house museum and education center, the building is known as the Gorgas House because Josiah Gorgas, a former Confederate general who served briefly as president of The University of Alabama, moved there in the late 19th century with his wife, Amelia Gayle Gorgas, who served as the University librarian, and their family. Their son, William Crawford Gorgas, was surgeon general of the U.S. Armed Forces in WWI and is famous for eliminating yellow fever, assuring construction of the Panama Canal. The house is open Tuesday-Saturday, 10:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m., unless rented for a private event. The house is closed for University holidays. Admission is charged. The Gorgas House is available for after-hours rental for special events. Call (205) 348-5906 for information.
University of Alabama PressThe University of Alabama Press is the only professional publisher of scholarly books and journals within the state of Alabama. The Press functions as the sole book publishing arm of The University of Alabama. Through the publication and dissemination of important scholarship and regional books designed for a general audience, the Press makes significant contributions to the University's overall research and outreach missions. Each year, the Press publishes an average of 55 new books and two scholarly journals. Editorial program Publishing areas: American history; southern history and culture; American religious history; Latin American history; ethnohistory; American archaeology; American literature and criticism; rhetoric and communication; literary journalism; African-American studies; American Indian studies; women's studies; Judaic studies; public administration; theatre; natural history and environmental studies; various regional studies of Alabama and the southern United States, including regional trade titles. Special series: Classics of Civil War Fiction; Classics in Southeastern Archaeology; Contemporary American Indian Studies; Deep South Books (Fiction and Memoir); Judaic Studies Series; Library of Alabama Classics; Modern and Contemporary Poetics; Religion and American Culture; Rhetoric, Culture, and Social Critique; and Studies in American Literary Realism and Naturalism. Journals: The Press publishes two journals for scholarly organizations: The Alabama Review (Alabama Historical Association) and Theatre Symposium (Southeastern Theatre Conference).


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You have the rivers and deltas mapped out, which is rad!
Are you going to add in any lakes?
And is the white space just undecided, or is it a desert or something else?
Okay, based on some very good advice I'm trying to get the technical aspects of my map down before I get into really .... drawing it...
(And I'm trying to start on a somewhat smaller scale... a continent instead of a planet, lol)
So... I turned off my shoved all my artistic instincts into a dark box, locked it in a safe, threw it down a well, sealed the well, and sat on it.
So this isn't pretty.
But... I will make it pretty. First, though, I need to know if it makes *sense* to have things in the (general) areas in this ... whatever this is.
I would REALLY appreciate some help. And I have no feelings, (no, really, I don't) so don't worry about hurting them. I'd just like, if you don't mind, any harsh criticism, careful critiques, gut-feelings... whatever you've got, if you would, so I can fix what's wrong, before prettifying it.
Thanks so much!!
Oh, yeah, here's the map-to-be-in-training-thingummy-what:
You have the rivers and deltas mapped out, which is rad!
Are you going to add in any lakes?
And is the white space just undecided, or is it a desert or something else?
I'll add in lakes once I know the rivers are right.
The white space is... flat land, lol... I put in the "high ground" to make the rivers run... downward-ish.
Anyway, the patches to the west, and southwest might contain deserts, the rest will be plains or some such for settlements. This particular continent is supposed to be very lush and green.
(I'm mean to the people on my other continents, lol)
Mostly, right now, I just want to make sure it makes sense to have the mountains, hills, plateaus, and dense forests where they are, and that the river placement makes sense given those high places.
I would assume that the river placements are fine--runoff from glaciers and the like is pretty common.
Though, depending on the elevation of land, aquifers could be used as well.
Thanks so much.
I asked if the placement seems natural/logical, because it's for a low-tech (no-tech) society. And there isn't glacial runoff on this continent.
I've read all the "how rivers should run" type posts, and I don't want those people nipping at my heels when (if?) I post the finished map, so I thought I would ask if everything is in a logical place *before* I get that far.
The mountains/cliffs/stuff *seem* logical to me, but I'm not the expert in tectonic plates that some members here seem to be, nor do I know if my rivers fit if the height is correct.
Any suggestions/comments are still appreciated.
Thanks all~
Looks pretty good to me, nothing to criticize here.
A lot of whether something makes sense will come with more details than are presented here. The rivers don't seem to have any major issues, but they still could in a different manner than just the basic rules. Except one basic rule... rivers rarely if ever hit at 90 degree angles, in nature, but this being a rough, I will just mention that in passing. How big is this continent? At what latitude and longitude is it sitting?
Even sitting north or south of the equator may alter its reality by where cold and warm currents sit...
Tectonics, no I'm not an expert, but, tectonically speaking, I see some possible issues with what forces would cause the pattern of mountains here. Basic mountain structure puts one side steep, the other into rolling hills. So, you've got issues here.
What is with the cliffs and plateau regions? Not typically what I would call major land formations on a continental scale.
Upon the Creation of the World the First Dragons cast their seed in the light of a Sun and a Thousand Suns, beneath the Moon and a Thousand Moons, on a World and a Thousand Worlds.
I dunno latitude/longitude type stuff I keep trying to learn but I never get it.
It's... a fairly small continent, I suppose. I figure, about the size (tall) of the USA (Not all of north america, just the US). About half as wide? I fixed the angles on the rivers
Ummm... I probably won't draw in the cliffs/plateaus (although parts of the land are supposed to be VERY rocky. I just wanted to show where I picture them, for a height indication for judging river flow
I didn't know that about the mountain structure! I'll adjust for that. I thought tectonics made mountains go near the edges of the land? Are mine too far inland, or too many of them, or both?
(Makova's village is on a cliff somewhere in the west, so I need *some* cliffs... though I can't imagine drawing them in...)
But this is exactly the kind of info I was looking for... I'll make some adjustments now and post an update!
One oddity of the rivers is you have the headwaters concentrated in a few small arcs, and then everywhere else is evidently bone dry.
Also, the biome and the geomorphology are two different things (They interact with one another of course). Forests can grow on hills or in plains. Generally what determines whether there's forest is a combination of rainfall and temperature. Where there's enough water and it's not too cold, you get forests, otherwise you get grassland, scrubland, or desert, unless humans interfere and cut down the forests. Keep in mind that most of Europe and eastern North America were covered by forest. It's a good idea to place your pre-agriculture forests, then remove them based on where there are people, and if you are after the temperate climate of typical psuedo medieval fantasy, then you should have a lot of forest, at least to start.
Disclaimer, I am not an expert, I just read too damned much once and I have forgotten a whole lot of it, LOL.
A couple things to consider:
Mountains indeed tend to occur at the edges of continents, but that is because these are near the edges of tectonic plates that are driving into each other. So it is not so much that continents have mountains on edges, as it is tectonic plates have mountains on their edges. If two equal sized land plates strike and form mountains, theoretically, you would have mountains in the middle of a land mass that people would call a continent. For instance, India is considered part of Asia, but is part of the Indo-Australian plate, which drives it into the Eurasian plate creating the Himalayas
Western coasts are cool water (relatively anyhow) while east coasts are warm water. If you think western Europe, consider the Gulf Stream's effects for warming that climate. Warm water and warm air bring more moisture than cold, which is important.
Wind direction and mountains are very important to precipitation. When air rises to travel over the mountain, it dumps water on that side, leaving what is called a rain shadow on the lee side of the mountain, and often dry warm winds. A quick quote:
On the lee side of the mountains, sometimes as little as 15 miles (25 km) away from high precipitation zones, annual precipitation can be as low as 8 inches.
So, no matter which way your winds are blowing, you have a river running between two ranges, so it is in a rain shadow from either direction. Possible? yes, but it needs explanation.
Forests: in a fantasy world in particular, it should also be noted that deforestation could easily be handled by extremely large herbivores running in herds, elephants, bison, buffalo and such can have serious deforestation effects, so, even larger critters could be real nasty on trees. I use this in one area of the Sister Continents. Fire can also be a major player in regions that are borderline forest worthy in precipitation or that experience regular droughts, such as the Great Plains in the US.
Upon the Creation of the World the First Dragons cast their seed in the light of a Sun and a Thousand Suns, beneath the Moon and a Thousand Moons, on a World and a Thousand Worlds.


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I'm making a research for our company in order to find the best way to upgrade our existing mail server (currently we are running open-source one). Since our managers have requirements to the new mail server, I've to ask those things before making offers to my superiors. As far as i read through the entire site, Zimbra offers anything that we'll need except one thing which is really important for us. We have (let's say) X managers, everyone of them have Y employees. The managers will need to (read-only without the possibility to delete/move/edit) their employees's mailboxes. And the CEO needs to have again read-only access to all manager and employees's malboxes. If this is possible to make Zimbra, it'll solve the most big issue with our research regarding our new mail server.
Your response and cooperation regarding this will be much appreciated!
Thanks for your time in advance.
Best Regards
Yavor Marinov


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Andrew Jefford, who has written a number of tomes on wine, is now in Australia on a Senior Research Fellowship at the University of Adelaide and as Winewriter in Residence to the Australia Wine 2030 Project. He will be in Adelaide for about a year during which time he plans on writing another book – on Aussie wine as he describes below on his blog.
The overall aim of the year is to research and write as much as possible of a book on terroir in Australia … or, if you prefer, what makes Australia's greatest wines and vineyards different from each other and from those found elsewhere on the landmasses of our precious blue planet. With that in mind, if any Australian producer would like to contact me with information, samples or anything else which might deepen my understanding of the above, they are most welcome to do so: the address is 12 Rawson Penfold Drive, Rosslyn Park, SA 5072 and the landline is 08 8364 5296, or via the 'Contact' section of this website. It's a great privilege to be here, and to have the chance to learn more about a major world wine culture in situ rather than breezing through in customary journalistic style. I'm anxious not to waste it.
You can follow his time in Australia via his blog as well as via a new, monthly column for Decanter magazine beginning later in 2009.
It will be interesting to see what he comes up with in terms of which wines and/or regions exhibit a sense of place.
"What I really wanted was to sit at the foot of a great palate, the most
knowledgeable wine guru, the ultimate taster. Unfortunately there was no such
person around at that time, nor is there one today. All one may do is scratch a
bit here and scratch a bit there, trying to put enough together to achieve some
sort of understanding of this most wondrous of drinks. And I do hope some of the
above helps, even if all it does is open some minds to the possibilities of the
subject. "
There is, of course, more in this little book. Evans devotes 30 pages to the assessment of wine, covering the areas of color, nose, entry, middle palate, after palate and finish. But there is no technical detail, just observations gleaned from 30 plus years as a wine judge. His strongest recommendation? Smell a wine deeply for "a great deal of what is to be learnt of any wine is there, 'on the nose' ". Perhaps paradoxically Evans is not a devotee of describing the aroma/bouquet of wine. His explanation is that he has "neither the olfactory range or the inclination" to adopt "the endless wine vocabulary used overseas". To Evans "wine smells of itself". Perhaps such an explanation seems unsatisfactory given his extraordinary tasting ability but Evans is no scientist, his strength lay in an ability to compare and contrast wines, remembering the experience more viscerally than cerebrally.
He is also not above poking a few jabs at the insularity of wine critics/judges, especially from the States. You know the ones, they "start writing for newspapers and magazines and appear on TV: they get feted a little, and in no time they're all experts. We've had lots of them over here to judge different shows and some of them, to be frank, are quire ordinary. They may be alright when they can read the labels but when it's blind they've made some shocking mistakes." Ouch. But then I wouldn't expect anything else but the unpalatable truth from Len Evans.
The one semi-technical contribution in this little book is described in the section called An Indulgence. Its Evans' attempt to depict the structure of individual wines in a graphic format. Each graph is broken into nose, entry, middle palate, after palate and finish – the aspect of tasting described earlier in the book. The height of the line and the width of each segment conveys the impact of the wine. If necessary the intensity can be displayed by the width of the line and the density by dots of varying size. It looks somewhat clumsy and it is difficult to appreciate how a single line contains the many dimensions of a wine. But then it comes from the mind of a true individual in the world of wine. Afterall who else could pen a "Theory of capacity"?
How To Taste Wine (paperback) by Len Evans, 112 pages, Barbara Beckett Publishing, Paddington, Australia (2007) $19.95AUD.
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Pringle of Scotland
Saks Fall 2011 Menswear Preview this Thursday
This Thursday, head to Saks Men's Store to preview four incredible Fall 2011 collections: Kenzo, Haversack, Pringle of Scotland, and Viktor & Rolf. Aside from informal modeling, the evening will also include shopping, DJed tunes and light refreshments. Here's our breadown of the collections.


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The service centers and shops are closed for the Independence Day holiday.
Discover rock climbing! Join Thrifty Adventures for a half-day introduction to the awesome sport of rock climbing. No experience necessary. During this course you will learn basic knots, climbing techniques, safety practices and checks, as well as climbing terms and lingo.
Please Note: The approach to the climbing area is less then a 1/2 mile on a gravel trail with little change in elevation. There is a short staircase down to the climbing area that is steep. Thrifty Adventures will have guides spotting everyone as they descend the stairs; if needed the guides can carry your bag down the stairs for added safety!
Participants must provide their own transportation to site and must provide their own food and plenty of water. Climbing gear provided by Thrifty Adventures. If the morning session fills, an afternoon session is available. If we happen to fill both sessions, Thrifty Adventures will open the following Sunday. To learn more and access the waiver, please visit Thrifty Adventures.
GRADE LEVEL: Girl Scout Cadettes, Seniors, Ambassadors (grades 6-12) and adults
REGISTRATION DEADLINE: August 3, 2015
BRING: water, snacks, sunscreen, proper footwear (hiking/athletic shoes)
Please note: Bring an appropriate back pack to carry gear, food and water. All climbers must be "hands-free" for hiking to and from climbing locations (string bags are not good for this type of activity).
Love horses!? Are you 13 or turning 13 anytime this school year? Come and join us at the barn for our Riding Instructor-In-Training program. You will learn how to take care of and handle the Circle C horses and learn how to lead and assistant teach for our troop programs. This training is mandatory for anyone wishing to join the RIIT program; there will be no riding this day. If you can't make this date, please contact Circle C.
GRADE LEVEL: Girl Scout Cadettes, Seniors, Ambassadors (grades 6-12; ages 13 or older)
REGISTRATION DEADLINE: None
GIRL FEE: Free
BRING: bag lunch, water bottle, long pants and suitable clothing for the weather, closed-toe footwear for working outside and with horses
To register, e-mail Cathy Thacker.
The Circle C horses can't wait to meet you! Join us for a barn tour, horse-themed games and crafts, riding demonstrations and five-minute riding lessons for new riders. Anyone riding must e-mail or call to register for a riding time; spaces are limited. Drawings for special prizes will happen throughout the day.
GRADE LEVEL: All Girl Scouts (grades K-12)
REGISTRATION DEADLINE: None
GIRL FEE: Free
BRING: long pants and suitable clothing for the weather, closed-toe footwear for riding horses; helmets provide
Spend time bonding with each other as you create fun crafts, complete water saving projects and even dive into the Pisgah pool as we learn about the wonder of water. This is connected to the WOW!-Wonders of Water Journey. Event includes meals, accommodations, programming staff and supplies.
GRADE LEVEL: Girl Scout Daisies, Brownies (grades K-3) and mothers
REGISTRATION DEADLINE: August 21, 2015
BRING: sleeping bag, pillow, flashlight, swimsuit, towel, change of clothes, pajamas, toiletries, day pack, water bottle, rain gear, tennis shoes and suitable clothes for the weather


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Survivor Caramoan Fans vs. Favorites: Shamar Is Finally Gone!
UPDATE: It was Shamar! He hurt his eye and the medic suggested he leave the game. Considering he wanted to quit anyway, this was almost a gift for him — however painful or serious it may have been. And now Sherri doesn't have to deliver him rice anymore. (Can you believe she actually went along with that?) Will anyone miss him? Do you think he's watching this back now, embarrassed at his behavior, or will he think he never did anything wrong?
Original story:
What's with all the Survivor medevacs lately?
On the March 6 episode of Survivor Caramoan Fans vs. Favorites, someone has a medical emergency, and we hear a medic say, "I would like to pull you from the game." The official synopsis for tonight's Episode 4, "Kill or Be Killed," reads, "After a medical emergency strikes, one castaway's ability to compete is in danger."
Back in December, Jeff Probst gave some medical teases to Entertainment Weekly, saying, "The weather eases up, but it doesn't mean the evacuations ease up. It's a pretty tough season and it starts early. There's a lot of drama." So he was already hinting to at least one medevac.
Who will (probably) leave: fan or favorite? On the "fans" side, we'll guess it's either the bearded Matt Bischoff or Julia Landauer. (But we really hope it's Shamar Thomas.) As for "favorites" — maybe Brandon Hantz?
We'll find out who and why tonight. Last season, Dana Lambert had to leave the game from illness. (Survivor: Philippines also marked the return of three players who had previously been removed from the game for medical reasons.) The season before that, Colton Cumbie left from illness. This trend must stop!
Sources: CBS, Entertainment Weekly


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May 31, 2016
Services for the late Dr. Leroy Ramsey will be Thursday in Meridian.
The Meridian native was active in the civil rights movement.
Ramsey died last week at the age of 90, at his home in Pennsylvania.
The T. J. Harris High School graduate wrote numerous books on education, civil rights and African American war heroes.
Ramsey also founded an African American museum in New York state.
His funeral will be Thursday at 11 a.m. at Mt. Zion Baptist Church in Meridian. Burial will follow at 1 p.m. at Mississippi Veterans Memorial Cemetery in Newton County.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
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Drew a reigon E muley tag for this fall we will be there on a rifle hunt and dont know a whole lot about the area yet, i beleive we will be hunting in unit 97. Any info or input about this unit and the enitre region would be greatly appreciated!!
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Drew a reigon E muley tag for this fall we will be there on a rifle hunt and dont know a whole lot about the area yet, i beleive we will be hunting in unit 97. Any info or input about this unit and the enitre region would be greatly appreciated!!
I hunted in 90 a few years ago. I also hunted antelope south of 97. Don't count on Jeffrey city for supplys. Top off your gas tank every day. It's fairly empty country (of people). An ATV would be handy. Hunt early and late. Get good maps. It can be very hot in October. Look for water.
If I hunted the area again I would try to hunt later in the season.
thanks freddogs... i know you said it was a few years ago but how was the public access and number of deer to number of hunters??
There was plenty of public access. I used a map chip in my GPS that tells you land status. It was very handy and worth the $100. There were hunters around, mostly on weekends and at points of public access. Some were hunting antelope, some deer. It was hot and I only saw deer mornings and late afternoon. Where I was, there were a lot of 2 tracks. Many were too rough for my vehicle thats why a ATV could be useful. Call the biologist for information. I met him one day at a wayside and talked to him. Area 90, I hunted isn't open to general licenses so I can't give you an exact spot. There is a road on the southern boundary of 90 along a rim that that would provide access if the weather is dry. I saw a lot of small bucks, does, and fawns.
I hunted Reg. E for 5 yrs. from 1993 to 1997. I've been all over that area. There was a ranch I used to hunt which I think is a HM or Walk in area now called the Dumbell Ranch. The couple who owned it were Norm and Gaynell Park. She was an awesome lady. Used to charge 5 bucks to hunt and gave you a map of the property (90,000 acres) , Was in area 68/69 antelope and 89 and 97 deer, That's how I ended up buying 40 acres on the east side of the Rattlesnake Mtns. in 1996. She would let me use their bath tub (was no shower) and barn to take care of deer/lopers. I shot one nice buck by the sweetwater river right in front of Independance Rock. The Granite Hills have deer sometimes. They bed there after feeding in the fields and watering in river. Lots of lopers. You can drive north on Dry Creek road off hwy 220 and glass a lot of country. Area 89 (Rattlesnake Mtns.) to your right/east is a limited entry area. you can drive all the way to Hwy 20/28. Gas Hills right there used to be a good area. I think area 90 is limited entry but 92,94,96 and 97 aren't. Oops, I just looked. Gas Hills is in area 90. Anyway. I liked the area but not tons of deer. Good lucks !
huntwyodon.... thanks for the great information! im not real familiar with the HM or walk in areas how do you go about figuring out where these are at, and how you get into them?
Good luck and keep us posted.
chadH the areas that we are looking into hunting would be sweet waterrocks, black mountain and green mountain areas, not sure on which one yet but do you or neone else know how the hunting is around these parts? any info is greatly appreciated!


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Company Overview of New York City Ballet, Inc.
Executive Profile
Howard Solomon
Chairman Emeritus, New York City Ballet, Inc.
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Mr. Howard Solomon serves as Chairmen Emeritus and Director of New York City Ballet, Inc. Mr. Solomon serves as a Directors Emeritus of Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts Inc.
Corporate Headquarters
20 Lincoln Center PlazaPhone: 212-870-5656
New York, New York 10023-6913
United States
Fax: 212-870-7791
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MEET SWERVE. A superior tail light for your bike.
LEDS. The Swerve uses two high-powered LEDs flashing at an alternating rate to create a long throw 180° beam pattern. Because the eye must juggle these two beams it doesn't get a chance to relax, and the result is a very high level of visibility. This technology makes the Swerve one of, if not the most, effective tail lights on the market. Yes, we said so.
TOGGLE SWITCH. The switch extends beyond the perimeter of the light and allows for easy operation while riding. It is on a pivot – the middle is the off position. Move the switch down to activate a fl ash pattern or up for a steady light.
MOUNTING. We talk to a lot of people about how they use their lights, and you'd be surprised at how personal a choice the mounting part can be. So much so that we've ensured the Swerve has as many mounting options as possible – handle bar, seat post, seat stay and fork mounts are included. And the built-in clip allows for attachment to your helmet, pack or messenger bag.
LAMP 2 Half Watt Maxbright LEDs
BURN TIME 70 Hours
BATTERIES 2 AAA Alkaline
WEIGHT 81 Grams
Princeton Tec's advertised product weights always include batteries. For many products, battery weight is a large percentage of overall weight. Weight can be significantly reduced by using lithium batteries in lithium-compatible products.
Level 1 is assigned to lights that offer a degree of water protection equivalent to IPX4 in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards. Lights rated at Level 1 are designed for water resistance to splashing and quick dunkings. If a light with a Level 1 rating is accidentally submerged for a longer period of time, the batteries should be removed and the cabinets should be carefully inspected for signs of battery leakage. If water has entered the housing, the light should be dried and batteries replaced.
The highest quality LED available from Lumileds, Princeton Tec's Maxbright LED is extremely bright and efficient. This single LED emits a smooth, powerful, white light useful for a wide range of tasks. Princeton Tec uses collimators or reflectors with the Maxbright LED depending upon the application.
A collimator gathers all available light from an LED in the form of scattered rays and re-emits the light as parallel rays, making it more optically efficient than a standard reflector. Princeton Tec calibrates each collimator to the type of LED and application of each light. With proprietary optimized collimator / lens systems, Princeton Tec continues to advance LED technology.
This pattern creates a long, powerful beam of light excellent for illuminating distant areas. The resulting long-throw spotlight is especially well-suited for night hiking and search and rescue.
2 AAA Alkaline