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A Publication of the Federal Geographic Data Committee July 1995
National GeoData ForumMore than 400 representatives of local, regional, State and Federal agencies, utilities, the private sector, and academia gathered to discuss future directions of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) at the National GeoData Forum, May 7-10 in Crystal City, Virginia.
In the opening session Bruce Babbitt, the Secretary of the Interior, stressed the importance of developing the NSDI to ensure that geospatial data be available to respond to national issues. Global and local perspectives on geospatial data were provided by Dr. Nay Htun from the United Nations Development Programme and Daniel Kemmis the mayor of Missoula, Montana. The balance between econom rights and the common good of shared data was one of the major themes of the two days of sector and panel discussions that followed.
The forum concluded with a "town meeting" in whh representatives from the various sectors presented the results of their discussions. There was general agreement that progress has been made in developing a Metadata standard, a data clearinghouse, and a vision of framework data for the Nation, but that there is much to be done in the following areas: implementing the Metadata standard and the framework data plan, expanding the clearinghouse and providing access to data, developing strategies for community involvement and changing institutional structures to take better advantage of the NSDI. Many atttendees are already active partipants in the NSDI and expressed a willingness to do more.
Recipients of the FGDC's 1994 Competitive Cooperative Agreements awards demonstrated their projects at the GeoData Forum by partipating in workshops and exhibits. Representatives of the Wisconsin NSDI Clearinghouse Initiative, the Alexandria Technal College and Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, and the New Mexo Resource Geographic Information System described their experiences implementing the FGDC's Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata and providing training on the standard.
National Geospatial Data Clearinghouse Update
NSDI NodeSeveral informative and innovative links have been added recently to the Federal Geograph Data Committee NSDI server. This list can be accessed by World Wide Web browsers such as Mosa or Netscape and with such text-based browsers as Lynx. The Universal Resource Locator (URL) of the NSDI home page is http://www.fgdc.gov. Suggestions for improvement are welcome. Please email comments to the address above. Use of the server continues to grow. An average of over 500 files are downloaded daily from the NSDI home page.
State ClearinghousesThe involvement of all levels of government and all sectors of society are vital to building a robust National Spatial Data Infrastructure. The NSDI Executive Order directs the FGDC to "involve State, local, and tribal governments in the development and implementation of the initiatives contained in this order. "The April FGDC Newsletter featured a description of the Montana Natural Resource Information System Node. In this issue are featured two more of the many geograph data clearinghouse initiatives underway in the States. Take a look at the NSDI home page at http://www.fgdc.gov for links to all State Clearinghouses that form nodes in the National Geospatial Data Clearinghouse.
To become part of the Clearinghouse, notify the FGDC that you have established an Internet node for geospatial data by sending email to email@example.com.
Southern California Distributed GIS ProjectThe Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) Distributed GIS Project will link together 184 jurisdtions with desktop GIS throughout Southern California. The systems will include hardware and software specifally designed to promote data sharing and communications among local governments. The publ domain GIS applications will be available for downloading from the SCAG server after the project is completed. For more information contact
(213) 236-1807
(Source: CGIA News, Vol. 2 No.1, Spring 1995).
Louisiana Coastal GIS NetworkThe Louisiana Coastal GIS Network (LCGISN) is a cooperative project between the USGS National Coastal Geology Program and the Coastal Studies Institute of Louisiana State University. The primary objective of LCGISN has been to create a framework for an electron spatially indexed catalog of different data types (e.g., maps, aerial photography, imagery, geotechnal data, literature, and audiovisual materials) for Louisiana's coastal zone.
This objective has been accomplished with the development of two LCGISN software packages that enable users not only to search for geospatial data but also to catalog their geospatial data for inclusion in the LCGISN data base. These LCGISN software packages, known as the GeoSpatial Search Program and the GeoSpatial Cataloging Program, respectively, have been developed based on the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata and the U.S. Machine Readable Cataloging format. The GeoSpatial Search Program will be available via a telnet link through the LCGISN, WWW home page ( http://gisnet.cadgis.lsu.edu/lcgisn/lcghome.html) at the end of July.
For additional information contact :
Wisconsin Launches WISCLINCWisconsin Land Information Program recently announced the establishment of their Clearinghouse node in the NSDI network. WISCLINC (WISConsin Land INformation Clearinghouse) is available via anonymous FTP at ftp://wisclinc.geography.wisc.edu/ and via the WWW at http://wisclinc.geography.wisc.edu/wisclinc.html. The Wisconsin State Cartographer's Offe home page is currently "under construction" at http://wisclinc.geography.wisc.edu/sco.html. For more information contact
FGDC-Endorsed Standards
SDTS Goes ANSIThe Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS) was approved in 1992 as a Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS). Last year the first implementation profile for the SDTS was finished and the first commercial implementations began to appear. SDTS is now about to reach another standards milestone. Over the last 18 months SDTS has been under review with the Ameran National Standards Institute (ANSI) committee on GIS Standards (designated X3L1). Several ANSI drafts have been distributed within the committee and the final ANSI version of SDTS is expected to be ready for publ review by the July 16 ANSI X3L1 meeting at the Urban and Regional Information System Association (URISA) meeting in San Antonio, Texas. The ANSI version of the SDTS matches the current FIPS version (FIPS 173-1, Parts 1 - 4) except for raster data. The ANSI version has substantial revisions to the raster specifations and includes a raster profile (Part 5). The raster revisions and profile will be presented to the FIPS program at the same time. The goal is to keep the ANSI and FIPS versions of SDTS idental.
Content Standards for Digital
Geospatial MetadataThe FGDC Secretariat staff are available for workshops and presentations to introduce managers and technal personnel to the Metadata standard. To schedule a workshop or presentation call the FGDC Secretariat at (703) 648-5514. Upcoming Metadata training sessions are scheduled for the URISA Conference in San Antonio, the NSGIC Conference in Burlington, Vermont, and the Midwest/Great Lakes ArcInfo Users Conference in Champaign, Illinois. Contact conference organizers to register for one of the workshops. See page 12 for conference dates and points-of-contact. A workbook to help managers of digital geospatial data document their data using the Metadata standard has been published in both book form (available upon request from the FGDC Secretariat) and as a hypertext document on the NSDI home page http://www.fgdc.gov/.
Wetlands Classifation StandardThe FGDC is sponsoring a publ review of an existing wetlands classification system. "Classifation of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United states," by Cowardin et al., USFWS, FWS/OBS-79/31, is being considered for adoption as an FGDC-endorsed standard. If adopted, the standard must be followed by all Federal agencies for data collected directly or indirectly (through grants, partnerships, or contracts). In its assigned leadership role for developing the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI), the FGDC recognizes that optimal standards will also help meet the needs of State and local governments, academia, industry, and the publ. The FGDC invites the geospatial data community to review, test, and evaluate this classifation system and provide comments about its content, completeness, and usability as a standard. Comments must be received by October 15, 1995. For classifation purposes, wetlands are defined as: lands that are transitional between terrestrial and aquat systems where the water table is usually at or near the surface or the land is covered by shallow water, and that have one or more of the following attributes:
(2) the substrate is predominantly undrained hydr soil.
(3) the substrate is non-soil and is saturated with water or covered by shallow water at some time during the growing season of each year.
National Digital Geospatial Data Framework
Pilot ProjectsAs a part of the strategy to implement the framework, the FGDC is in the initial stages of tracking a series of short (4 to 6 month) "proof-of-concept" pilot projects to test and critique the concepts outlined in the report "Development of a National Digital Geospatial Data Framework" (April, 1995). To receive a copy of the framework report send a request to the FGDC Secretariat. Prospective pilot partipants have been identified representing Federal, State and local governments as well as private industry. Transportation, hydrography, orthoimagery and cadastral themes will be emphasized in the pilots. Other framework themes include boundaries, geodet control, and elevation. Data updating, street address integration and applation of river reach schemes will be investigated in the currently identified pilots. During publ review and discussions of the framework concept, additional themes were proposed, such as soils, land cover, wetlands, utilities, census data and ZIP codes, for inclusion in the framework. These data themes are important to many GIS applations, but they don't meet the criteria established for framework data. Framework data are conceived to be the limited, bas, consistent set of geospatial data that many organizations use as a landscape upon whh to link other themes for display and analysis. These are the data required to collect or display other data. Partipants in the pilot projects will explore the organizational relationships necessary for the success of framework. A key role is that of the "area integrator." The area integrator will incorporate new data into the framework, coordinate data creation and maintenance, implement certifation policies, implement the technal standards describing the characteristics of the theme data, and provide guidance to other data producers. As the projects are completed, the FGDC will work with the project partipants and others to use the experience gained from the pilots to refine the framework concept and chart the next steps in developing the framework.
Invitation to partipateIf your organization is building what you think are framework data sets and/or functions as an area integrator and you wish to partipate in a framework pilot project, please send a brief (one-page) summary to the FGDC Secretariat.
The summary should include: project description, data themes collected or coordinated, geograph area of interest, current funding, project time frames and a point of contact.
1995 Competitive Cooperative
Agreements Awards AnnouncedIn July 1995, the FGDC completed granting awards for the second year of the program. The twenty-three awards totaled $625,000. These awards support the development and implementation of the National Geospatial Data Clearinghouse, implementation of FGDC-endorsed standards, and development of software tools or techniques to aid in the evaluation of geospatial metadata or data through the Clearinghouse. The lead agency or institution for each of the twenty-three projects is listed below. A summary of each project proposal, including a complete list of project collaborators, has been posted on the FGDC home page.
FGDC SUBCOMMITTEESEach subcommittee of the FGDC is responsible for coordinating the activities related to a theme of geospatial data. These activities include establishing and implementing standards for data content and data exchange, encouraging data sharing, and organizing data collection to minimize duplation. The subcommittees are composed primarily of representatives of Federal organizations, although most are currently in the process of expanding membership to include other sectors. Contact the FGDC Secretariat if you have an interest in a specif theme of data. Following are highlights of current subcommittee activities.
Base Cartograph Data Subcommittee
Department of the Interior
U.S. Geologal Survey
Jim Plasker, ChairThe Subcommittee on Base Cartograph Data is responsible for coordinating Federal activities related to digital orthophoto and elevation data, both of who have been identified by the FGDC as key framework components of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure. The concept of a national digital orthophoto program was proposed in 1990 by the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Serve and the USDI-U.S. Geological Survey.
After 3 years of development and testing, production of digital orthophoto quadrangles (DOQs) began. To provide program oversight and technal leadership for a national program, the National Digital Orthophoto Program (NDOP) Steering Committee was chartered in July, 1993. The goal of NDOP is to ensure the availability of DOQ coverage of the conterminous US by 2001 through cooperative partnerships with Federal, State and local agencies. The Steering Committee members currently represent the following agencies and organizations.
Framework elevation data are computer compatible digital records of terrain elevations for ground positions at regularly spaced horizontal intervals. These data are designed to meet the increasing requirements for digital terrain data for a broad base of systems to conduct automated analyses for a wide range of land management and scientif applications. These data provide the capability to display slope, aspect, and terrain profiles between selected points. Elevation data are also an essential production component of digital orthophoto quadrangles (DOQs).
The U.S. Geologal Survey is working with the Subcommittee on Base Cartograph Data to expand USGS's Digital Elevation Program to be a national elevation program that will support the geospatial data framework concepts as described by the FGDC. The USGS is actively seeking partnerships to accelerate national digital elevation data coverage and availability for the nation. A session on this national initiative is scheduled for GIS/LIS, Nashville, Tennessee the week of November 13, 1995.
Please join us there!
Bathymetr Subcommittee
Department of Commerce
National Ocean Serve
Frank Maloney, ChairOn April 1, 1995, Mr. Frank Maloney replaced Capt. Thomas Rhards as Chief of the National Ocean Serve Nautical Chart Division and Chair of the Bathymetr Subcommittee. Captain Richards is now coordinating a multi-agency San Francisco Bay demonstration project that will serve as a "proof of concept" of the regional aspects of the NSDI. The subcommittee is currently reviewing the revision to the International Hydrograph Office Standard for Hydrograph and Bathymetric Surveying entitled S-44. The significance of this new standard is that it provides for inclusion of bathymetr data with various orders of accuracy in a national data base. The subcommittee is also developing a Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS) profile for hydrograph and related data.
Cadastral Data Subcommittee
Department of the Interior
Bureau of Land Management
John Moeller, ChairThe Cadastral Subcommittee has completed the development of draft content, collection, and quality control standards, and a metadata profile for cadastral data. The standards were circulated for national review and the subcommittee's technal advisory group has recently evaluated all comments. The standards are expected to be transmitted to the FGDC Coordination Group for final review and approval as FGDC standards in October 1995. The subcommittee is currently developing educational material to assist in the implementation of the standards after their adoption. Self-study workbooks, sample data sets, and on-site training programs are in the planning stages, and will be developed as resources permit.
A Cadastral Data Transfer Standard was partly developed in 1993-94, but placed on hold until completion of the data content standard. Development of this transfer standard, to be used as a profile to supplement SDTS will continue.
Control standards are also being developed that will provide the standards for use and storage of survey control utilized in the collection of cadastral data. These control standards are being developed in cooperation with the Federal Geodet Control Subcommittee.
Cultural and Demograph Subcommittee
Department of Commerce
Bureau of the Census
Fred Broome, ChairThe FGDC's Subcommittee on Cultural and Demograph Data has submitted its draft "Content Standards for Cultural and Demograph Data Metadata" to the FGDC's Standards Working Group to begin the internal and national review process required for adoption as an FGDC standard.
The subcommittee sponsored a Cultural and Demograph Data Security Conference in April that offered representatives from 25 Federal agencies an opportunity to learn about data confidentiality and security issues from leaders in the field and to exchange information on problems and solutions with other Federal personnel. The conference was held at the National Archives and Records Administrations conference facility in College Park, Maryland. Keynote addresses were delivered by Mr. Rob Veeder, Internal Revenue Service, on "An Overview of Privacy Issues," and by Mr. Scott Charney, Department of Justice, on "Current Issues in Computer Security." Panels addressed confidentiality and data security issues faced by Federal agencies. The subcommittee plans to sponsor future events that will be open to the general publ.
Geodet Control Subcommittee
Department of Commerce
National Geodet Survey
Captain Lewis Lapine, ChairThe Federal Geodet Control Subcommittee (FGCS) of the FGDC exercises governmentwide leadership in coordinating the planning and execution of geodet surveys, in developing standards and specifications for these surveys, and in the exchange of geodet survey data and technical information. Information about the activities of the subcommittee and a list of member agencies is available through the FGCS home page at http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/FGCS/fgcs.html FGCS member agencies also work together through the subcommittee to ensure that the Global Positioning System (GPS) will continue to meet the positioning needs of the Federal civilian community and to strengthen the ties between the GPS positioning and navigation communities.
Geolog Data Subcommittee
Department of the Interior
U.S. Geologal Survey
John Sutter, ChairIn May, the Geolog Data Subcommittee reconvened under new leadership to discuss the role of the subcommittee. Working groups are being formed to resolve standards-related issues for the various scientif disciplines and information types within the subcommittee's purview, such as surfial geology, and oil and gas. These working groups will include representatives of the non-Federal community. The draft document on digital cartograph and geolog map standards prepared by the USGS in cooperation with the Association of Ameran State Geologists will be released as a Progress Report from the subcommittee after modifations to the document have been completed this summer.
Ground Transportation Subcommittee
Department of Transportation
Bureau of Transportation Statists
Bruce Spear, ChairThe Ground Transportation Subcommittee is developing a Transportation Network Profile (TNP) under the Spatial Data Transfer Standard to exchange geospatial data bases depting transportation networks such as roads or railroads. These network data bases have certain unique requirements that are not fully satisfied by the existing Topologal Vector or Raster Profiles. For example, links comprising a transportation network should have the ability to cross another link without explitly intersecting it (e.g., a highway overpass). Also, since many transportation features and events are located by means of a linear referencing system associated with a given transportation network, the TNP should provide a way for exchanging the information needed to anchor the linear referencing system to the network.
A draft version of the TNP was developed at the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center last Fall, and has been circulated for comment at major GIS and transportation conferences during the past year. Based on comments received to date, the original draft TNP has been modified to allow the exchange of point and area features as separate layers from the network, and to permit graph objects as an option to the basic profile. Copies of the current draft TNP will be available at the Bureau of Transportation Statists (BTS) exhibit at the URISA annual meeting in San Antonio, or can be downloaded from the BTS World Wide Web site http://www.bts.gov.
An important issue that has not yet been resolved is how to incorporate the attributes for a linear referencing system into the Transportation Network Profile. Last December, the Ground Transportation Subcommittee made available its recommendations for linear referencing systems through a note in the Federal Register, and requested comments from interested parties in State and local governments, the transportation industry, and the publ. Approximately 15 individuals and organizations submitted written comments before the close of the comment period. Most of the comments focused on objections to the establishment of a national highway linear referencing system under the control of a central organization. None of the commentors provided recommendations on how to incorporate linear referencing into the Transportation Network Profile. The Ground Transportation Subcommittee hopes to resolve the issue this summer so that a revised draft Transportation Network Profile can be formally submitted to the SDTS Task Force by the end of this calendar year.
International Boundaries and Sovereignty Subcommittee
Department of State
Offe of the Geographer and
Global Issues
Bradford Thomas, ChairThe Subcommittee on International Boundaries and Sovereignty is sponsoring creation of a digital database of international boundaries. The database will be comprised of international boundaries and shorelines at different scales, including the most precise boundary data available, as well as superseded boundaries.
The Digital International Boundary Database Working Group (DIBDWG), a subgroup of the subcommittee, is adapting the specifations of DMA's World Vector Shoreline Plus (WVSPlus) for this database. Boundary scales range from 1:250,000 to 1:120,000,000; it is hoped that the base scale of land boundaries will be 1:250,000 as a result of DMA development efforts. The horizontal datum for the data is the World Geodet System 84 (WGS84).
International boundary data are perhaps the most inconsistent single feature geospatial data in the world, ranging from very precise to vague textual descriptions. These data will never be uniform in precision, and a uniform, comprehensive boundary data layer at scales larger than 1:250,000 will probably never be possible. It is planned that the best data available will be stored in the "precise" layer, and that such data will be used to revise and/or improve the data in the uniform scale layers. Data to be entered that are not on WGS84 will have to be transformed to that datum. The DIBDWG has identified changes to be made to the feature and attribute codes of WVSPlus and is addressing the issue of harmonizing the existing DIGEST data exchange standard to the Spatial Data Transfer Standard.
Vegetation Subcommittee
Department of Agrulture
U.S. Forest Serve
Fred Kaiser, ChairThe Vegetation Subcommittee, in cooperation with the Nature Conservancy, is in the final stages of development of a draft vegetation classifation standard. Watch this space in the fall for an announcement that this draft standard is available for publ review.
Wetlands Subcommittee
Department of Interior
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serve
Bill Wilen, ChairThe Maryland Department of Natural Resources (MD-DNR) is working with the FGDC Wetlands Subcommittee to compare new and existing techniques for identifying wetlands. National inventories of land use and land cover include data on wetlands; however, wetland definitions vary depending on the mandate and programmat needs of the agencies that collect the data. These variations result in signifantly different estimates of wetland acreage in each inventory. During recent studies, maps were developed that delineated areas in whh
Research on the potential usefulness of these data to wetlands regulators led to an MD-DNR workshop in November 1994 to examine the issues, field verify prototype regulatory map products, and develop a consensus on issues relating to regulatory maps through the use of questionnaires and discussions before and after field work. Workshop partipants recommended against producing regulatory maps for wetlands. The two principal concerns about such maps were that
The results of the workshop are provided in an MD-DNR report, "Regulatory Wetlands Map Workshop, A Report of Activities and Findings" (March 1995). This report may be of interest to jurisdtions or agencies that are considering the use of regulatory maps in wetland protection programs. For further information about this report, contact William S. Burgess, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, (410) 974-2721.
Clearinghouse Working Group
Department of the Interior
U. S. Geologal Survey
Nancy Tosta, ChairThe Clearinghouse Working Group promotes the use of the FGDC metadata standard, Internet connectivity for geospatial data sharing, and development of search and query tools in the Internet environment. Several of the agencies in the group are addressing the development of metadata creation tools and implementation of Z39.50 compliant search and query mechanisms. The group will oversee an evaluation of current metadata tools and is supporting the expansion of geospatial search capabilities on the Internet.
Facilities Working Group
Department of Defense
Army Corps of Engineers
M.K. Miles, ChairThis working group was formed in January 1995 to work within the FGDC and with non-Federal communities to coordinate spatial data activities related to facilities management. A facilities database might describe a factory, a military base, a college, a hospital, a power plant, a fishery, a national park, an offe building, or a prison. The working group has responsibility for addressing issues for facilities data not currently represented by other FGDC subcommittees, such as data about the location of utilities, environmental hazards, and firing ranges. The working group will coordinate with other FGDC entities to develop standards for the more detailed, larger scale, and higher resolution data required by the facilities community. Since facility management can involve integrating high and low resolution data, and large and small scale data, the Facilities Working Group has an opportunity to be a link between the FGDC and other organizations such as the National Institute for Building Sciences and the Ameran Public Works Association. A significant facilities related standards development is the Tri-Serve Spatial Data Standard (TSSDS) whh is available for review through the Defense Tri-Service CADD/GIS Technology Center. (To request a copy of the standard call Harold Smith (601) 634-2945). The Center is working with FGDC subcommittees and other entities to make the TSSDS a comprehensive data standard for the facilities community.
Standards Working Group
Department of the Interior
U.S. Geologal Survey
Rhard Hogan, ChairThe Standards Working Group (SWG) of the FGDC has taken on a new, more active role in the coordination of FGDC standards activities. As part of its new functions, the SWG will review and approve new standards proposals, provide guidance on FGDC standards poly and procedures, facilitate coordination among subcommittees with overlapping standards activities, review standards for compliance with FGDC polies and procedures, and make recommendations to the Coordination Group as to the readiness of a standard for other necessary actions toward endorsement. A subgroup of the SWG is currently working on the formulation of standards poly and procedures. The Charter of the SWG and the FGDC Standards Review Process are being updated to reflect the new role of the working group.
FGDC Contact Information The FGDC Newsletter describes activities of the geospatial data community and the National Spatial Data Infrastructure. Subscriptions are free of charge. Correspondence or contributions may be directed to the FGDC Secretariat as indated below:
590 National Center
Reston, VA 22092
Voe (703) 648-5514
Fax (703) 648-5755
Email email@example.com
FTP via Internet
Address: www.fgdc.gov (18.104.22.168)
User name: ftp
Password : (your email address)
After connecting: cd pub
README file has current information on the files in each subdirectory.
FGDC PublationsTo subscribe to the newsletter or request the FGDC's publation list, please complete the information below and return it to the FGDC Secretariat by facsimile or mail. Be sure to provide the information requested below in your message.
EUROGI Directories Now On-LineEUROGI, the European Umbrella Organization for Geographal Information and NexpRI, The Netherlands Expertise Centre for Geographal Information Processing created a prototype WWW link to databases of European Geographal Information research, training and education courses.
Take a look at http://www.frw.ruu.nl/eurogi/eurogi.html.
Sept 16-20 National States Geograph Information Council
Sept 17-19 International City Management Association Denver, Colorado
Sept 25 National Association of State Information Resource Executives San Antonia, Texas
Sept 27-29 1995 Midwest/Great Lakes ARC/INFO User Conference. Champaign, Illinois Contact: Rob Krumm (217) 333-4085
Sept 28-29 Sixth Annual Virginia GIS Conference Roanoke, Virginia Contact: Matt Miller (703) 343-4417
Oct 4 Joseph F. Poland Symposium on Land Subsidence, Sacramento, California
Nov 8-11 18th Annual Applied Geography Conference Arlington, Virginia
Nov 14-16 GIS/LIS '95 Nashville, Tennessee
Feedback!We'd like to hear from you! Please share your thoughts. Send your email to email@example.com


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The Best Documentaries of 2011 (Updated)
Nerd out to our infographic of the top documentaries of 2011, based on lists from critics, documentary festivals, industry organizations and online voting!
The Best Documentaries of 2011
According to who you ask, the best documentary of 2011 could have been one of 67 films. Could it be The Interrupters? Nostalgia for the Light? Project Nim? Cave of Forgotten Dreams? We've constructed a handy graphic to help you make your own decision.

subset: commoncrawl


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Website loads a .pdf file. "Students will gain background knowledge of the basic sources of air pollution, along with the overview of how air pollution affects our health and our environment. They will participate in a hands-on demonstration to visually demonstrate that everyone has an impact on air pollution." - salsa.democracyinaction.org
A list of student-submitted discussion questions for Air Pollution and Illness.
To encourage students' critical thinking about vocabulary concepts, to allow students to reflect on their knowledge of individual vocabulary words, and to increase vocabulary comprehension using the Vocabulary Self-Rate.
This study guide covers the effects of environmental problems on health. It looks at pollution, carcinogen, and bioterrorism.
These flashcards help you study important terms and vocabulary from Air Pollution and Illness.


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If sales tax receipts are any indication, the economic picture in Rifle remained virtually unchanged from September to October of this year.
Sales tax revenue stood at about $5.3 million in October, according to a report to Rifle City Council from Finance Director Charles Kelty for the Dec. 19 meeting. That was up 0.4 percent compared to this point in 2011, when revenue was at about $5.25 million.
Revenue in about half of the categories the city tracks are down so far this year compared to 2011, including food, retail, liquor stores and motels, the report showed.
Categories up so far this year include bars and restaurants (4 percent), car parts and sales (2 percent), hardware (10 percent), and oil and gas (5 percent).
Compared to 2011, October was also "less bad" than September: Overall sales tax revenues in October were down 9
percent compared to the same month in 2011, while revenues in September were down 15 percent compared to that month the previous year, the numbers showed.
"I was hoping for a boost in revenues in November, and that people were starting to settle down in their spending habits after the election, but I'm still not seeing that," said Kelty.
If current trends continue, Kelty projects a decline of about 2 percent in total sales, use and lodging tax revenue for the city this year, compared to last year.
October figures show total tax revenues at approximately $5.9 million, down 0.2 percent from the 2011 figure of about $5.88 million.
"The general fund is holding its own, and we have enough in reserves to weather the decline," Kelty said.
More than half of the revenue from the city's 3.5 percent sales tax goes into the general fund.
Bright spots in the October spending and revenue numbers included a continued rally in motor vehicle use tax receipts. Those were up 34 percent compared to October 2011, and they have increased by 26 percent this year overall, from $330,500 to about $415,500. The trend suggests that, even in a weak economy, sales of new and used cars remain strong, Kelty said.
In other good news, expenses in the wastewater and sanitation departments declined slightly from September to October, figures show. Wastewater expenses in October were just over $2.5 million, down six percent from the previous year, and sanitation expenses were just over $412,000, down eight percent from 2011.
Kelty said the declines were due to engineers wrapping up the plans for a new water treatment plant in Rifle.
Asked whether Rifle could be affected by a failure by politicians in Washington, D.C. to reach a compromise on the "fiscal cliff," Kelty said there are two possibilities that worry him.
First, if automatic tax increases take effect, employees may be forced to pitch in more of their paycheck to social security taxes, which could hurt consumer spending.
Second, the tax-exempt status of interest on municipal bonds could be in danger, Kelty said, which would make those bonds less attractive to investors. That, in turn, would make it more difficult for Rifle to finance capital improvement projects, he added.


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Movie Trailers, Movies Blog
Danny Trejo returns as ex-Federale agent MACHETE, who is recruited by the President of the United States for a mission which would be impossible for any mortal man – he must take down a madman revolutionary and an eccentric billionaire arms dealer who has hatched a plan to spread war and anarchy across the planet.
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Do we do enough for our veterans? I feel like we send them into dangerous situations, but we aren't giving them the resources they need.
I spoke with a friend of ours, Shad Meshad, the President and Founder of the National Veterans Foundation, about our service members and some of the trials they face.
"I think it's very difficult for the American people – because most of them don't go to war – to understand the horror that comes with being a war fighter and coming home and just trying to move like you went to camp for the summer. That's really the big bridge; they just don't really appreciate it.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is an enormous problem for veterans, and it can unfortunately lead to some tragic consequences.
"We talk about it, but really the solution is what we struggle with. 22 suicides or more a day, and we're just sitting here looking at it like a weather report or the stock market."
It's terrible. They do so much for us. We need to be there for them. Can the average person help out?
"We can't forget this. We have to buddy up with these returning men and women. Find out through organization what you can do. They're not expecting you to do the dirty work or handle the calls we do…you don't have do that, but we need your support."
So please, if you can, help out. The National Veterans' Foundation is a great organization, and they're just one group of many doing this important work. You can visit them at www.nvf.org, and I've linked up some more information in the Tommy Cares section on my web page.
You can also check out the entirety of my interview with Shad here:
FULL AUDIO: Tommy talks veterans issues with Shad Meshad


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Former Penn State University assistant football coach Jerry Sandusky has been sentenced for acts of sexual abuse committed against young boys. Likely, he'll spend the rest of his life behind bars.
How could this have happened, and how could so many signs have been ignored? Somehow the most basic messages defining right vs. wrong that we learn as children are not being effectively communicated in many of our workplaces. We need to change that. Some of the most important lessons we learn growing up need to be brought to our job.
Haven't you heard or said something like this to your children?
Look, I don't care what happens; you call me if there's a problem. It doesn't matter what time it is, where you are, who you're with, or what's going on. If there's a hint of trouble, if something doesn't seem right, I'm here. You call me. If you can't get home, I'll get you. But you call me. Got it?
When you say it, what you hope is that your child will call you before something bad happens. Parents can remember saying that to their children, and kids remember those voices long after they're adults.
While we remind our children about the rules, we can't think of every way they can go wrong. We cover the most obvious dangers, we remind them of their values—who they are and what's expected. We tell them not to get into bad situations.
But if something happens, call. We repeat that message over and over hoping it will stick. If problems arise, we're there.
In business, there are different traps and dangers. But what remains the same is this: We can't tell our team members about every rule they can violate, every regulation they have to know and every standard they must commit to memory. There are just too many. Communicate them all and few will be taken seriously, remembered and applied.
Even in the face of outrageous criminal action, as with the Penn State tragedy, the risk remains that blatant problems will be ignored because of the boss's power or the sense that the complainant, not the offender, will be the one who ends up being harmed by raising alarms.
The more efficient approach to changing behavior in the workplace is the same with which we grew up. Lay out the basics: Here are things you never do. Remember who you are and what your organization stands for. We live by our values. Learn them, work by them. Bring your issues to us, don't ignore them. We'll protect you when you do.
Here is the kind of message that leaders need to repeat over and over; once a year is not enough.
There will be times when you sense something may not be on target or may be a problem. You might be right; you might be wrong. You might think your boss won't want to hear your concerns, or that if he or she is the problem, that person is too powerful to cross. Or you might think our values are just lip service. They're not. We mean to work by them. Always. Problems will arise. You call me, or text me, email me or write me—or someone else. But let us know. No one will harm you for doing that.
Just as we grow up with consciences driven by knowing the basics and hearing frequently repeated messages, we need to make sure that our workplace values, messages and commitments are just as clear and convincingly expressed, repeated and followed.


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Showing 1-40 of 40 items found in Shopping
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Yellow Creek Quilt Designs
Gift and quilt shop offering fabric, notions, quilting accessories, and many specialty gift items including wine accessories, wall art, Willow Tree and Williraye Studio. Open: Monday thru Thursday: 10 am - 6 pm; Friday: 10 am - 5 pm; Saturday: 10 am - 4 pm.
CITY:Pearl City
Words of Wisdom
A Christian book and gift shop.
Village of Albany
Antique store.
Vanderheyden Furniture
Specialty gifts including lamps and pictures. Full line of fine furniture, bedding & flooring showroom and window treatment design center.
The Shop on the Hill
Antiques fill the entire first floor of Victorian home. This is an old general line antique shop that has been in business for more than 25 years. Glassware, furniture, tools, books, primitives, toys, collectibles and more!
The Coffee Garden
A unique coffee and tea gift shop with bakery serving fresh made scones, pies and muffins. All within a faithfully restored 1879 Queen Anne Victorian home.
The Clothes Bin & Gift Shop
Designer-inspired clothing, jewelry, purses, home décor & so much more. Free yourself from the ordinary! Stop, shop, have fun!
Susan Shire Antiques
Quality primitives antiques shop on historic Peoria-Galena Trail, located behind our restored 1861 limestone house in beautiful Pleasant Valley.
CITY:Mount Carroll
Something Special
Covers a wide variety of your shopping needs from quality sportswear to elegant attire. Gifts, children's books and more can also be found.
Signature Woodworking
Combining old-world joinery and the accuracy of modern-day machinery and the desire to produce the highest quality custom cabinets, furniture and mill work.
Shearer's World of Variety
Downtown retail store -- antiques and collectibles.
Savvy Scavengers
Overstock & more – unique selection of women's apparel and accessories. Come find our finds.
Savanna Marketplace
Featuring local and Illinois made gifts, foods, and specialties. Enjoy specialty coffees, muffins, desserts and other goodies in their historic building built in 1906 which boasts the original art deco soda fountain from the 30's.
River Huis Traders
This restored building is filled with quality antiques, Dutch treasures, handmade soap, model barges, handmade pottery, local photography, and art. Products made in Illinois are showcased. We specialize in Dutch-related items. We also offer Dutch food items such as coffee, tea, licorice, and Queen Wilhelmina mints.
Northwest Design
Glass studio nestled in the hills offers a shopping experience. Local glass artists at work using lampwork and fusing techniques.
Nature's Treasures
Wonderful gifts and birdhouses by local artists. Specializing in organic gardening supplies, fountains, wind chimes, metaphysical crystals. Friendly, helpful service!
Massbach Ridge Winery - Tasting Room & Vineyard
In the tranquil rolling hills of northwest Illinois, Massbach Ridge Winery has been crafting estate grown wines since 2003. With a diverse selection of estate-grown Illinois wine, our friendly staff will help you discover a taste you'll fall in love with.
Market Street Commons at the Kraft Building
Market Street Commons is located in the heart of the Mt. Carroll historic district, in the old Kraft Building. The Kraft Building houses the community Welcome Center and Chamber of Commerce, along with shops.
CITY:Mount Carroll
Long's Garden
Tour the walk-through gardens and browse the nursery selling 170 different ornamental grasses, trees and shrubs.
J & K Antiques
Unique and unusual antique furniture, clocks and lamps. Refinishing and stripping of antique furniture also available.
Interiors Antiques, etc.
We're located in a beautifully restored historic building in downtown Fulton and we specialize in antique furniture and accessories of all kinds.
Ink & Paper
Unique, fun gifts for all ages and occasions. Located in historic downtown Stockton, five blocks south of US Hwy 20.
Heirloom Market & Cafe
This rural style cafe will capture your senses. The decor is clearly slated rustic with a cozy and a distinctively pleasant ambience. The cafe is a staple of small town life with a sense of community as it embraces the environment that has been set forth by the Heirloom Market. We feature homemade baked goods and gourmet coffee. The espresso drink with steamed milk or variegated flavoring is designed for a picker upper or as a way to pass your time with a good book or to surf the free wi-fi internet.
Great River Road Antiques
Antique mall featuring 80 dealers. Fleamarket, April-October.
Glad Rags Resale Boutique
Sensibly priced family fashions featuring the latest trends and popular classics. Tuxedo rental. Dry cleaning drop-off/pick-up service.
Frank Fritz Finds
Located in the Pulford Opera House Antique Mall, Frank Fritz Finds showcases some of the unusual and unique collectibles and antiques offered for sale by Frank Fritz, co-star of American Pickers on the History Channel.
Flower Fan-a-see
Full service florist with lots more. Stuffed animals, candles, angels, home decor, photo frames, plants, balloons, and custom designs.
CITY:Mount Carroll
Eshelman Pottery
Eshelman Pottery, featuring the work of Paul Eshelman, is contemporary, functional red stoneware utilizing glazed and unglazed surfaces for a visual and tactile contrast.
Elk River Merchant
Quality antique dealer specializing in collectibles and textiles.
Corner Treasures and Treats
Large selection of gifts and collectibles. We carry a wide variety of name brand items including Willow Tree, Isabel Bloom, Heartwood Creek, Jody Coyote, Quad City Candle Company and much more.
Constantly Stitching N' More
Located on the Lincoln Highway in the old Unionville School, 1,200 bolts of 100% cotton quilting fabric, notions, books, patterns and antiques.
Common Cents Resale
We are a resale shop that sells furniture, home décor, antique and unique items.
Christmas on the North Side Craft Show
This 11th annual craft show over 25 crafters offering primatives, jewelery, basket weaving, loom weaving, quilted items, florals, wreaths, painting and more.
CITY:Pearl City
Cherry Creek Cottage
Historic hotel turned into a uniquely charming shopping experience. Treasures found around every corner. Fashions, gifts, home décor, gemstone jewelry.
Charlotte Arvell Glass
Gallery and glass studio (formerly Eagleton Glass).
CITY:Mount Carroll
Briar Patch Gifts
Gift shop featuring aromatique, briar root candles, specialty food items, greeting cards and much more.
Between Friendz Gifts
Between Friendz Gifts is a store designed to allow shoppers to purchase high quality, handmade items. There are several local craftsman who specialize in handcrafted jewelry, bronze and silver decoration, steam punk jewelry, and original art. We also offer uniquely created purses, scarves and more.
Arnold's Bicycle Repairs and Rentals
Located in downtown Thomson, Illinois near the Thomson Public Causeway and steps from the Great River Bike Trail that extends 62 miles from the Quad Cities to Savanna, Illinois. We specialize in Recumbent Bikes & Trikes so what are you waiting for? Test ride one of our recumbents and capture a view of the mighty Mississippi. We offer sales (new and used); service and repairs (the friendliest customer service around) and special requests - need something unique, customization or special needs – we can do it! We offer bike rentals, too!
Albany Antique Mall
Antique mall.
A Bushel & A Peck
Venture out into the country and experience an authentic general store. New and used home décor and furnishings, antiques, local food products, honey, fresh eggs.
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$50,000 BUDWEISER HANDICAPSUNDAY, JUNE 17, 201217th RUNNING, 3-YEAR-OLDS & UP, ONE MILETrack Record: 1:33: Sky Jack (7), Aug. 24, 2003Stakes Record: (tie)-1:34-1/5, Westsideclyde, (5) 2007, R. Associate (6), 2006
Purse: 1st—$27,500-2nd—$10,000-3rd—$7,500-4th—$3,750-5th—$1,250Most WinsHorse: tie-2Noosa Beach (2010-2011)Kid Katabatic (1998, 2000)Jockey: tie-3Gary Baze (Kid Katabatic, 2000, Makors Mark, 2001, Mr. Makah, 2005)Gallyn Mitchell (Turban 2003, Assessment 2009, Noosa Beach 2011)Trainer: 3 Doris Harwood (Thetruthisoutthere, 1999, Noosa Beach, 2010-2011)Owner: tie-2 S. & K. Ferguson/M. & L. Russell (Kid Katabatic, 1998, 2000)Jeff Harwood (Noosa Beach 2010-2011)Favorites: 6-for-16/Odds-On: 2-for-5 Gate-to-Wire: 5-for-16Biggest $2 Win: $58.20, R. Associate (2006)/Smallest $2 Win: $2.60, Kid Katabatic (1998)Winner Bred In: Washington 6, Kentucky 6, California 2, British Columbia 2Track: fast 13, wet-fast 2, sloppy 1
OWNERS HOMETOWNS1— Rainier Ice (9-2) Northwest Farms LLC (Jerre Paxton, Yakima, Wash.), C & M Racing (Corey Kinder, Yakima, Wash. & Mihai Tiru, Bellevue, Wash.)2—Slim Pickins (12) Ken Miles, Bellevue, Wash.3—Noosa Beach (8-5) Jeff Harwood, Kent, Wash.4—Aaron the Baron (10) Elttaes Stable (Ken Alhadeff, Seattle, Wash.)5—Jebrica (5-2) R & R Warren LLC (Ron & Rosalie Warren, Olympia, Wash.) 6—Winning Machine (3) Fleur De Lis Stables (Raymond Kwik, Spokane, Wash.; Paul Goldberg Westport, Conn.)LONGACRES MILE SERIESMay 20: $50,000 Governor's Handicap, Winning Machine ($25.60), 6-½/1:13.97 (wet-fast)June 17: $50,000 Budweiser Handicap, One MileJuly 22: $50,000 Mt. Rainier Handicap, 1-1/16 MileAug. 19: $200,000 Longacres Mile (G3), One MileSept. 9 $40,000 Muckleshoot Tribal Classic ® 1-1/16 Mile
SUPER 6 HANDICAPPERSJoe Withee (EmD1)— Jebrica, Winning Machine, Noosa Beach—(1-5-$54.50)Robert Geller (EmD2)—Jebrica, Rainier Ice, Noosa Beach— (0-5-$44.50)Gary Dougherty (Horse Racing Seattle)—Rainier Ice, Winning Machine, Jebrica—(1-5-$41.50)Vic Cozzetti (Predictorsays.com)—Jebrica, Noosa Beach, Winning Machine— (2-5-$60.10)Nick Rousso (Daily Racing Form)—Noosa Beach, Rainier Ice, Jebrica—(3-5-$97.10)Jacob Pollowitz (EmD3)—Noosa Beach, Jebrica, Winning Machine—(2-5-$76.90)Consensus— Jebrica (19), Noosa Beach (15), Rainier Ice (8)—(2-5-53.50)
NOTES: Noosa Beach has been a Washington State champion at ages 2, 3, 4 & 5, and bids to become the first horse to win at least one stakes five straight seasons at Emerald Downs…Today's race features the track's all-time leading stakes winners in all categories: Horse-Noosa Beach 11; Jockey-Gallyn Mitchell (Rainier Ice) 75; Trainer-Doris Harwood (Noosa Beach, Aaron the Baron) 54; Owner-Northwest Farms (Rainier Ice) 28…Noosa Beach also bids to become the second horse to win the same stakes three straight seasons at EmD. Handy N Bold won the Governor's Handicap in 1999, 2000 & 2001.


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Related Movies
Rabbit Hole
|Release Date: December 17, 2010
|Running Time: 92 mins.
|MPAA Rating: PG 13
|Box Office: $2,221,809.00
|Genre: Adaptation, Drama
Nicole Kidman
Aaron Eckhart
Dianne Wiest
Tammy Blanchard
All Cast & Crew >>
Summary:Becca and Howie Corbett are returning to their everyday existence after the sudden death of their young son in an accident. Just eight months ago, they were a happy suburban family with everything they wanted. Now, they are caught in a maze of pain and tightly controlled rage from which they cannot escape. Conflict comes out of the fact they are are grieving in different ways. Howie finds comfort in the familiar, which only brings pain to Becca. Becca hesitantly opens up to her opinionated, loving mother and secretly reaches out to the teenager involved in the accident, while Howie lashes out and imagines solace with another woman. Yet, they struggle to save their relationship and a life to... Full Summary >>
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Recent Stories
Physical Education: Grundy Center's PE4Life Program
posted on May 20, 2010 at 11:47 AM
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Jessie Field Shambaugh and the Roots of 4H
posted on January 7, 2009 at 6:13 PM
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Welcome to Iowa Public Television! If you are seeing this message, you are using a browser that does not support web standards. This site will look much better in a browser that supports web standards, but it is accessible to any browser or Internet device. Read more on our technical tips page.
posted on May 20, 2010 at 11:47 AM
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Nothing beats lying on the beach and enjoying the crashing of the waves, imagining you were on a private island with palm trees overhead. Get one step closer to having that come true by wearing this Mario snapback hat by Billabong, featuring a printed allover palm tree design and woven Billabong patch on the front. Plus, this hat can protect your head from the sun and any random coconuts that may come your way while relaxing on the sand.
- 60% Cotton/40% Polyester
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Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


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Accolo is an award-winning Recruitment Process Outsourcing (RPO) provider that was founded upon a simple premise: there has to be a better way to connect the two people who matter most in the recruit- to-hire process – the hiring manager and the best-fit candidate. From facilitating rapid staff expansions to conducting specialized candidate searches, Accolo provides scalable, on-demand recruitment support for mid-size and enterprise organizations across multiple industry verticals.
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Our patented Cloud Recruiting Platform, with embedded social network recruiting and job marketing campaign functionality, has positioned us as a chosen leader in Recruitment Process Outsourcing (RPO).


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Bownet Ball Caddie
$89.99 $69.99 You Save $20.00 or 22%
Item # 20047376
|Eligible for Free Shipping on Orders $39 or More! (see promotion details)
|Members of The League get 5% back when you spend $100! (see promotion details)
Product Details
This Bownet® ball caddie unfolds in 3 seconds to the perfect height for comfortable retrieval of softballs and baseballs. Its portable design is durable, yet super light, providing a reliable, convenient storage space during both practice sessions and live gameplay.
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- Weight: 2.75 lbs
- Height: 35"
- Capacity: 30 softballs; 60 baseballs


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Yay!!! It's hard to believe that I've been keeping this blog for 2 years now. I can't thank ya'll enough for reading and (sometimes) participating when (if) you leave me a comment. LOL!
But seriously, I truly appreciate all of my readers for the support. To thank you ladies, I've been saving up for a GIVEAWAY!!
So far included in the prize are:
-Kiss My Face Potent & Pure Facial Crème & Sunscreen
-Kiss My Face Potent & Pure Brightening Day Crème
-Revlon Runway Collection Artificial Nails
-Broadway Real Life Artificial Nails
-Chapstick True Shimmer in Peppermint Rush
-o.b. pro comfort tampon (and cute little carrying case)
-JLife Rocker Modeling Clay
-Aveeno daily Moisturizing Lotion
-e.l.f. Foundation Brush
-Kiss My Face Sheer Organic Shine Lipgloss in Pearl
In addition to these products the winner will receive a copy of the latest Allure magazine and two NYX lipsticks (these items aren't pictured).
Needless to say that this is a BIG DEAL!!! This is over $100 worth of products here ladies (not to mention a few surprise goodies that I'll be throwing in) 😉
What do you have to do to enter??? It's quite easy:
1. Subscribe to MissWhoever You Are to get my updates by mail =)
2. Leave a comment. Say anything. What's your favorite lipgloss? lipstick? eyeshadow? ANYTHING!!!
And now, everybody sing! Happy Blogiversary to me, happy (I CAN'T HEAR YOU) blogiversary to me…


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|School's out for the summer!
|Written by Holyoke Enterprise
Swarms of smiles and cheering kids flooded out of Holyoke schools Friday, May 24 as the kids officially entered into summer vacation.
Some children said their goodbyes to teachers as friends, such as Jimena and Fatima Nuñez who
shared a hug with elementary school counselor Sharon Jones before leaving, and some kids immediately
began celebrating.
Remington Hielscher and Anthony Rojo exited the building with big grins as Hielscher began spraying
silly string into the air.
—Enterprise photos
Holyoke Enterprise May 30, 2013


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Keeping Record of your work Part III
Posted 11 January 2013 - 05:56 AM
The reading of this kind of plot requires a bit of reflection but once figured out, it again adds interesting information on the glaze(s).
The capability to predict the glaze appearance is somewhat less accurate than with the Al/Si plots, especially when Bore is used in the formulation. On the other hand I find that from scientific/technical viewpoint it helps to understand glaze chemistry.
What you need is molar % of the used elements. If you have a recipe, you can calculate this by hand but, this is rather tedious. A glaze software like INSIGHT can give it in 1 or 2 clicks. Then the different Mol% of the metals are grouped in Fluxes, Amphoterics and Glass formers. When % are calculated for each group, these values can be entered in the ternary plot template.
The template to make ternary plots is rather complex. I can provide it on request.
An example is at the end of the text.
In the example, WWW172 is likely to be a matt glaze, WWW390 has to rated as satin-matt and the other 2 glazes are probably glossy.
Next time I will discuss the relative importance of limit values for the common elements used in glazes.
We are still quite far away of 'putting things together ', be patient! In a few more posts to come, it will be revealed.
For information on glaze chemistry, visit my website at:
Posted 11 January 2013 - 11:58 PM
Lawrence Weathers
Gismo Guy
Welded Sculpture
Spokane WA
Posted 12 January 2013 - 12:34 AM
Edit...I think I get it.
Posted 12 January 2013 - 03:30 AM
Thanks again. I'm curious, will information on the "grid method" in Ian Currie's book help to read this graph?
Edit...I think I get it.
I assume you have found out how it works. Just follow the tick marks for each group. The unusual thing is that they are inclined to an angle, that's all.
Thanks for your interest
Posted 12 January 2013 - 03:31 AM
I'm looking forward to your next post on glaze chemistry.
Thanks for your interest, for the reviews and surely to have encouraged me to post.
Posted 12 January 2013 - 07:28 AM
Thanks for posting.I think this should go under Glaze Technical rather than "In the studio" sub topic. I will ask the moderators.
Again, great educational resource!!
Marcia Selsor, Professor Emerita,
Montana State University-Billings
Marcia Selsor Studio in Brownsville, Texas.
Posted 12 January 2013 - 07:27 PM
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The most thrilling annual traditional war games will yet again highlight Sumba Island, East Nusatenggara, where the breath-taking Pasola Jousting Festivals will get underway in the upcoming month of February and March.
Held once a year in several villages in Sumba, the tradition takes place in the month February at Kodi and Lamboya. This year the elders of Lamboya have determined that the Pasola Festival at Lamboya near the town of Tambolaka will be held on 1 February, while the event in Kodi will be held later in February, the exact date is still to be announced. Meantime, Pasola at Wanokaka and Wainyapu will be held in the month of March, dates still awaiting confirmation.
The Pasola jousting festival takes place on a broad stretch of savannah, and is witnessed by all villagers, the Paraingu Kabisu of the two competing groups and by the general public and tourists alike. Since Pasola is connected with a natural phenomenon of the appearance of seaworms along the shores, and is moreover a sacred tradition, the exact time when the event should take place in the village must decided by the Rato Pasola or tribe elders .
Pasola is a most exciting Jousting Festival where opposing teams run into each other on horseback, saddle-less, throwing blunt spears - called hola - to each other to unseat or hurt their opponents or horses. Fallen men or horses may not be attacked, but any blood flowing is believed to fertilize the soil and benefit the next harvest.
The word Pasola itself derived from the word Sola or Hola which is the name of the blunt spears they use to throw to each opposing groups of horsemen.
Although the tradition may seem full of violence, Pasola is about peacekeeping, not hostility. This war game is thought by some to have been invented as a sort of dispute settlement mechanism -a bellum pacificum or peaceful war through games.
The tournament forms part of the traditional Marapu belief on Sumba, where the Pasola forms an inseparable part of the annual ritual, held in conjunction with the Bau Nyale ritual or the arrival of seaworms on the shores of Sumba, which normally occurs in February and March.
Once better known as the Sandalwood Island, Sumba in the province of East Nusatenggara, - adjoining the islands of Komodo and Flores, - breeds some of Indonesia's best horses. The Sumba horses are a cross between Arabian and local horses, and are therefore larger than the neighbouring Sumbawa horses.
There are daily flights from Bali to Waingapu in East Sumba and Tambolaka in West Sumba on alternate days. Garuda now also has regular flights from Bali to both cities. The island can also be reached from Maumere on Flores, on similarly alternating days between the two towns.
Pasola Update : According to latest information, a Pasola ritual Festival will be held near Tambolaka in the villages of Bondokawangu on 21 February, and Rarawinyo on 22 February.
You can find more detailed information and packages for this year's Pasola festivals at : http://www.komodo-tours.travel/komodo-tours
Copyright © 2014 Ministry of Tourism, Republic of Indonesia. All Rights Reserved


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Safavieh takes classic beauty outside of the home with the launch of their Courtyard Collection. Made in Turkey with enhanced polypropylene for extra durability, these rugs are suitable for anywhere inside or outside of the house. To achieve more intricate and elaborate details in the designs, Safavieh used a specially-developed sisal weave.
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Men's ASICS Distance Short, 5"Item #TGM1307
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Andy Roddick was spotted getting his knees iced in Madrid as he prepared for the US' semifinal battle versus Spain in Davis Cup this weekend.
Hmmm - when did his knees start acting up? I'm thinking he and Rafa should go out and get matching tape jobs for the weekend. In any case it's a very worrying sign for the US team's already bleak chances against the Spaniards on red clay. Strange happenings indeed.
What's also strange? A-Rod's "handshake" with David Ferrer in their Davis Cup presser:
Thursday, September 18, 2008
PHOTO OP: A-Rod's got sore knees and a warm thumb
Labels: Andy Roddick, Davis Cup, photo op, tennis
15 comments:
Cute couple! I'd leave Brooklyn for David, any day.ReplyDelete
These are two WEIRD pictures. LMAOReplyDelete
right? i'm thinking it could be their prom photo though i didn't fondle my date's thumb in mine - I SWEAR!ReplyDelete
wow, that wins most awkward handshake/thumbshake ever!ReplyDelete
1, 2, 3, 4 I declare a thumb war!ReplyDelete
lmao roddick looks so grumpy in the 1st pic.ReplyDelete
Hope Andy's knees are ok,think he has tendonitis(sp) sometimes.i've seen him with ice & stuff on his knees after a DC match but not before!ReplyDelete
Not sure what to make of the handshake! lol
You know what would be really funny? If Andy came out in Rafa's court-wear with his knees taped. Can you just picture him in a muscle shirt? BWHA!!!ReplyDelete
I'm with freaky. I'd dump Brooklyn for David in a heartbeat. But then I'd use David to get to Rafa...
- ObserverSeptember 18, 2008 at 1:37 PM
Is Ferrer gay?ReplyDelete
observer: he might be now! J/K! i don't know and i've never heard any rumors, yet.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousSeptember 18, 2008 at 5:09 PM
hahaha..no Ferru has a gfReplyDelete
- AnonymousSeptember 18, 2008 at 5:45 PM
I think they were just doing one of those "thumbs up/hands up" kind of handshakes (instead of the more old-fashioned hand straight out) and Roddick is pulling out first and leaving David left looking like he's holding his thumb.ReplyDelete
- Romana CvitkovicSeptember 18, 2008 at 11:45 PM
hmmm, does anyone else think that A-Rod has gained some weight?? check out the fattened cheeks in the "handshake" pic. is brooklyn doing this to him or is he just getting lazy?ReplyDelete
- nadalfanSeptember 19, 2008 at 1:32 AM
I would've said that about the 'brothers' handclasp too, except Ferru looks too smug. You know, cat-got-cream look and all that.ReplyDelete
And Andy just looks.. like Andy.
Maybe Andy did the old "pull my finger" joke?! LOLReplyDelete


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BALLWIN, Mo. (KSDK) - Parkway West High School students donated over $7,000 to The Make-A-Wish Foundation Friday.
The students presented a check for $7,126.08 to the charity during a school-wide pep assembly. The money was raised during a senior women vs. junior ladies Powder Puff game during homecoming week and a Mr. Longhorn pageant during spring spirit week.


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WASHINGTON (WUSA) -- Metropolitan Police have identified a man killed in a quadruple shooting late Wednesday night in Northwest D.C. Police say 32-year-old Delonta Hendrix of Northwest was pronounced dead shortly after he was found shot in the 100 block of Pierce Street around 11:56 Thursday morning.
Officers responded to the 1100 block of 1st St NW after hearing gunshots, say police. They found an unconscious man suffering from apparent gunshot wounds in the 100 block of Pierce Street, NW. DC Fire and Emergency Medical Services took the victim to a local hospital where he was pronounced dead, according to police.
Three other people were also found: One man was located in the 1100 block of 1st Street, NW suffering from multiple gunshot wounds to the lower body and taken to an area hospital for treatment; another man was located in the 100 block of Pierce Street, NW suffering from a gunshot wound to the leg; a third man who suffered from a gunshot wound to the forearm, was transported to an area hospital by a friend, say police.
MPD investigators are collecting evidence, which is about a block away from Walker-Jones Elementary School. Police activity blocked off some streets in the new NoMa neighborhood near Sursum Corda.
It is a struggling neighborhood, struggling to regain its new identity. The District now is calling this NoMa, North of Massachusetts Avenue. It has invested lots of money in the neighborhood. The neighborhood is still struggling with violence. We have been in the neighborhood before reporting on an overnight shooting.
A construction worker later on Thursday told us that he knew one fo the men who was shot. "One of the guys is my friend, so I'm at a loss for words right now," he said.
He told us he found out after someone sent him a message. When asked if he knew how his friend was doing, he told us, "I don't think he made it."
In tears, the construction worker walked away, heading to the job site, a new high-rise about a block away.
As the city invests new money in new construction, new services, enticing new residents to move to this new neighborhood, many feel progress is pushing others out.
David Hilmy a teacher at the Walker Jones Education campus, who has students that will have to walk by the crime scene, said, "I'll approach it like any other day and read the situation as it happens. We've been able to develop really good relationships with our kids, so we can see when one is a little bit off, a little bit, needs a little bit of help, and although this may be totally different related offense, some personal issues, the fact that it's occurred, it reflects the culture and the value and the pressure that this community is under."
Still, residents hope Sursum Corda can live up to its Latin meaning, and hearts will be lifted.
Police are offering a reward of up to $25,000 to anyone that provides information which leads to the arrest and conviction of the person or persons wanted for this crime. Anyone with information about this case is asked to call the police at 202-727-9099 or submit a tip by text messaging 50411.
Friday, DC Councilmember Tommy Wells announced he would hold a public safety meeting with the Northwest One community about the shooting. Wells, Northwest One community leaders and MPD representatives will listen to concerns and respond to questions at Mt. Airy Baptist church at 11 a.m. Friday.
In a statement released to the press, Wells said, "The senseless, tragic and violent shooting of four of our community members Wednesday night cannot go ignored or unanswered. My heart goes out to the victims and their families. These victims, their families, and this community deserve the support and attention of our entire city."


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New Bern aldermen will consider demolition of four houses Tuesday and renaming the 700 Block of A Street and B Street.
Aldermen meet at 7 p.m. in City Hall.
The board will consider adopting ordinances for demolition of dwellings located at 1230 Cedar St., 1710 Wilmington St., 202 Poplar Street and 809 Lees Avenue, according to city staff reports.
Three of the dwelling, 1230 Cedar St., 1710 Wilmington St., 202 Poplar Street, fail to meet minimum housing standards. The dwelling at 809 Lees Avenue was damaged by Hurricane Irene and needs to be elevated to meet regulations but has not elevated, according to staff reports.
Aldermen will also consider adopting a resolution to close Carmer Street from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. on July 20 for Mount Calvary Missionary Baptist Church Family Fun Day.
Aldermen will also consider a resolution calling for a public hearing to rename the 700 Block of A Street and B street. The western portions of both streets are separated by the railroads and are unreachable from National Avenue during emergencies, according to staff reports.
Safety concerns have been raised by emergency personnel.
Staff suggests both 700 blocks of both A Street and B Street be renamed to �West A Street� and �West B Street.�
Location, ST | website.com


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Mods: Hopefully this is the right area of the forum, if not please move to where ever is appropriate.
We are looking at migrating to zimbra from a mish-mash of open source programs running on a debian machine (postfix, spamassassin, procmail, UW IMAP, etc...). So far those helping me w/ the test server like what we see w/ Zimbra but we have some questions about the spam processing. Most of this is based on trying to replicate our current layout as much as possible and some of it may not carry over, but if anyone has any advice it would be appreciated.
To give you an idea of the current layout, spamassassin marks anything above the score of 5 as spam. The server passes ALL mail, aka no matter what the spam score it is passed on, to the end user who then decides what to do w/ it. We haven't stipulated a particular client be used but I'd say the majority of people are running Thunderbird, some are on some Mac applications (Mac mail being the most popular) and I have a few Outlook hold outs (that I'm hoping to move them away from if/when we switch ). Procmail is used to pre-filter some of the mail, mainly marked spam to a "junk" folder which local/client filters then look at to pull out ham. Users manually move all spam to a folder called "spam" which is processed by the server every 4 hours to add the spam to the bayes DB. People can move ham to a ham folder which does the same and recovers the original email. Finally every morning the server runs 'sa-update' to update the rules.
So the questions are:
- Is there a way to remove the subject marking when something is marked "not junk"?
- When is the email actually processed/added to the bayes DB (as soon as it is put in the junk folder or sometime later)? How about ham, when things are marked "not junk", is that added right away?
- Is there something equivalent to the "sa-update" command, or does the happen automatically anyway? I didn't see anything in the admin app about it but maybe I overlooked it. Can/should I just carry my script over from my current machine and run that via cron on the zimbra server?
- I see where individual white/black lists can be created in user preferences, but what is the preferred way to add a global whitelist/blacklist? I found something that said modify the salocal.cf.in, I think it was, but my customizations there were lost at some point. After a server or system restart or something, not entirely sure when.
- Is there a way to turn off the auto kill feature and allow all email to be passed on?
- The filters in the user preferences only work on mail that hits the Inbox right? Is there any way to have them apply to the Junk box as well? For example, how I personally process mail on our current server, I have a filter that looks in the "junk" folder populated by procmail w/ all the server marked spam. Anything from someone in one of my address books goes back into my Inbox. Anything w/ a score of 5 to 10 goes into a second junk box that I take a closer look at to see if something creeped into the spam range, everything else is dumped into the "spam" folder for processing by the server. I'd like to replicate this as much as possible but at min. having people that are in my address books not go into the junk folder (or extracted from it if they are) would be nice.
EDIT: On this last issue I tried creating a filter "address from in my contacts" "file into folder inbox" and running that on the "junk" folder but it didn't recover anything, even though I purposefully put an email from a contact in my address book into the junk folder to test it. Any idea why this didn't work?
I think that's it for now... hints/clues/suggestions are appreciated.


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ADDISON — The chairman of Addison's selectboard denied allegations leveled against the town of Addison, himself and his wife contained in a civil suit that was filed on March 5 in Addison Superior Court by two town residents.
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text: Fresh install of ZCS 8.0 on SLES 11 SP2. I set auth for a specific domain during the creation of the domain using the Zimbra web adminUI. I can not login to my account on this domain which lead me to look at the domain and sure enough, it is set for internal auth. No problem, i'll just set it for external AD auth but when i do, the config does not get saved. That domain still reports internal auth. Is this a bug or is there another way i can config this doman for external AD auth?


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Kevin Allen, USA TODAY
NHL owners and players took the first step toward ending stalemated negotiations Tuesday by building momentum through a seven-hour negotiation session.
But the critical test of sustaining that momentum probably will come Wednesday at an undisclosed location when the two sides are expected to discuss the owners' "make-whole" provision pertaining to players' existing contracts.
It's unknown when, or where, those talks are going to start because the two sides have embraced a media blackout in hopes of inspiring more focused negotiations.
No information leaked out of the talks Tuesday other than that they went from 3 p.m. until 10:15 p.m and that they are resuming Wednesday.
The major issue in this 53-day old lockout is owners' desire to reduce the players' share of revenue from 57% to 50%. Players have made offers in that direction, but are balking against a sharp drop that would require them to give back salary through escrow next season.
Their position is that they signed their individual contracts in good faith and don't want to receive less than their contract says they should earn.
Owners did offer a "make-whole" provision to protect the salary value, but their original plan called for that money to come out of players' future share and not the owners' share. To re-start negotiations, owners have now agreed to discuss the make-whole issue.
To what extent owners are willing to fund that "make whole" probably will say much about how Wednesday's sessions will go.
If owners can come up with a creative, owner-funded provision to protect player salaries for a couple of seasons until revenue growth protects them, then it will be much easier for players to agree to a 50-50 split.
The insiders' read on what happened Tuesday is that the length of the meetings indicates a sincere effort by both sides to forge a deal.
The fact that negotiations are continuing Wednesday is a sign of some progress. But clearly the big fight is still in front of them.


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Seborrheic dermatitis is a common skin problem that not only affects the skin but also frequently involves the scalp. When the scalp is involved, people usually refer to it as dandruff. Seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp typically causes itching, redness, crusting and scaling usually along the hairline that can be irritating and embarrassing. For some sufferers, the itching can be intense. Fortunately, it's a condition that can be controlled.
No one knows the exact cause of scalp seborrheic dermatitis, although it appears to be an inflammatory condition. A variety of factors can aggravate the symptoms including changes in the weather, stress, hormonal changes, inadequate shampooing and illness. Scientists believe that a yeast called Malassezia contributes to seborrheic dermatitis. This yeast is present on the skin of most people, but it causes no problem for most people. For unknown reasons, people with seborrheic dermatitis appear to be exquisitely sensitive to this usually harmless yeast and their immune cells launch an inflammatory attack against it.
The immune system may be involved in another way. People with immune deficiency problems are more prone towards having this skin and scalp condition. People with scalp seborrhea often have overactive sebum-producing sebaceous glands in their face and scalp that create conditions that are ideal for Malassezia to grow and thrive. The itching and scaling are usually most pronounced in areas where there are lots of sebaceous glands.
As with many diseases, genetics play a role in who experiences this skin condition. Seborrheic dermatitis tends to run in families to some degree.
Regular shampooing to remove built-up oil and sebum is essential. When sebum builds up, it makes the flaking and itching worse. Shampoos that contain selenium sulfide or pyrithone zinc are formulated to treat seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp. Until the symptoms improve, shampoo once a day and allow the shampoo to remain on the scalp for 10 minutes before rinsing. Because of the need for frequent shampooing to control the symptoms, look for one that contains natural moisturizers and botanicals along with selenium sulfide or pyrithone zinc. Shampoos that contain salicylic acid also help by loosening up scales so they can be more easily washed away. After shampooing, use as few hair care products as possible to avoid aggravating the problem.
One alternative treatment that's effective for some people is shampooing with a product that contains tea tree oil. It relieves some of the symptoms, but it doesn't cure the condition.
For more severe cases, doctors prescribe medicated anti-fungal shampoos that contain ketoconazole or ciclopirox. Some people with seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp experience severe itching. This can be relieved in most cases with hydrocortisone cream 1% available from most drugstores. A doctor can also prescribe a more potent steroid cream, but it's best to use it for short periods of time and only when needed.
Since stress, fatigue, illness and lack of sleep can make the symptoms worse, it's important to eat a healthy diet, avoid stress and get enough rest. In some people, certain foods aggravate seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp. Keep a food journal for a few weeks, and see if you can identify foods that trigger the symptoms. There's also some evidence that omega-3 fatty acids found in fatty fish and fish oil supplements help. Talk to your doctor about giving these a try. People on blood-thinning medications should avoid omega-3 supplements. Sunlight can also improve the symptoms, but don't overdo it or you could end up with sun damage.
Scalp seborrheic dermatitis is a frustrating and often embarrassing problem. Fortunately, shampooing daily with products formulated to treat this condition and controlling any factors that make the symptoms worse works for most people.


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December 2009 News
Distinguished Alumni to Address Winter Graduates at 2009 Commencement
December 08, 2009
University President Angelo Armenti, Jr. will confer degrees upon 613 undergraduate and 594 graduate students during the 169th Commencement at California University of Pennsylvania. The School of Graduate Studies and Research will award master's degrees at 7 p.m. Dec. 18. The ceremony will include the vesting of the academic hood on each of the graduates.
Smithsonian Traveling Exhibition
December 08, 2009
Digital technology reveals the beauty of nature in Transitions: Photographs by Robert Creamer, an exhibition created by the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service in collaboration the National Museum of Natural History. Transitions will open Dec. 18 in Manderino Gallery, on the third floor of Manderino Library at California University. The images will remain on view through April 27.