text:
U.S. Department of State Country Report on Human Rights Practices 2002 - Libya
|United States Department of State
|Publication Date
|31 March 2003
|Cite as
|United States Department of State, U.S. Department of State Country Report on Human Rights Practices 2002 - Libya , 31 March 2003, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/3e918c352.html [accessed 30 May 2016]
|This is not a UNHCR publication. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do not necessarily reflect those of UNHCR, the United Nations or its Member States.
Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
March 31, 2003
Note: The United States has no official presence in Libya. Information on the human rights situation therefore is limited; this report draws heavily on non-U.S. Governmental sources.
The Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya is a dictatorship that has been ruled by Colonel Mu'ammar Al-Qadhafi (the "Brother Leader and Guide of the Revolution") since 1969, when he led a military coup that overthrew King Idris I. Borrowing from Islamic and pan-Arab ideas, Qadhafi created a political system that rejects democracy and political parties and purports to establish a "third way" superior to capitalism and communism. Libya's governing principles are derived predominantly from Qadhafi's "Green Book." In theory the citizenry rules the country through a series of popular congresses, as laid out in the Constitutional Proclamation of 1969 and the Declaration on the Establishment of the Authority of the People of 1977, but in practice Qadhafi and his inner circle monopolize political power. Qadhafi is aided by extragovernmental organizations – the Revolutionary Committees – that exercise control over most aspects of citizens' lives. The judiciary was not independent of the Government, and security forces had the power to pass sentences without trial.
The country maintained an extensive security apparatus, consisting of several elite military units, including Qadhafi's personal bodyguards, local Revolutionary Committees, People's Committees, and "Purification" Committees. The result was a multilayered, pervasive surveillance system that monitored and controlled the activities of individuals. The various security forces committed numerous serious human rights abuses.
The Government dominated the economy through complete control of the country's oil resources, which accounted for approximately 95 percent of export earnings and an estimated 23 percent of the gross domestic product. Oil revenues were the principal source of foreign exchange. Much of the country's income has been lost to waste, corruption, conventional armament purchases, and attempts to develop weapons of mass destruction, as well as to large donations made to "liberation" movements and to developing countries in attempts to increase Qadhafi's influence in Africa and elsewhere. The Government's mismanagement of the economy has led to high inflation and increased import prices, resulting in a decline in the standard of living for most of its 5.4 million citizens in recent years. U.N. sanctions against the country were suspended – but not permanently lifted – in 1999 following the Government's surrender of two of its citizens suspected in the 1988 bombing of Pan Am flight 103. On March 14, a Scottish appellate court in the Netherlands upheld the conviction of Abdelbasset al-Megrahi in connection with the bombing. Megrahi subsequently appealed his sentence to the European Commission for Human Rights.
The Government's human rights record remained poor, and it continued to commit numerous serious abuses. Citizens did not have the right to change their government. Qadhafi used summary judicial proceedings to suppress domestic opposition. Security forces tortured prisoners during interrogations and as punishment. Prison conditions were poor. Security forces arbitrarily arrested and detained persons, and many prisoners were held incommunicado. Many political detainees were held for years without charge or trial. The Government controlled the judiciary, and citizens did not have the right to a fair public trial or to be represented by legal counsel. The Government infringed on citizens' privacy rights, and citizens did not have the right to be secure in their homes or persons, or to own private property. The Government restricted freedom of speech, press, assembly, association, and religion. The Government imposed some limits on freedom of movement. The Government prohibited the establishment of independent human rights organizations.
Violence against women was a problem. Traditional attitudes and practices continued to discriminate against women, and female genital mutilation (FGM) was practiced in remote areas of the country. The Government discriminated against and repressed tribal groups. The Government continued to repress banned Islamic groups and exercised tight control over ethnic and tribal minorities, such as Amazighs (Berbers), Tuaregs, and the Warfalla tribe. The Government restricted basic worker rights, used forced labor, and discriminated against foreign workers. There have been reports of slavery and trafficking in persons. The country's human rights record came under intense international scrutiny after the African Union in June endorsed the country's nomination to chair the U.N. Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR) in 2003. The Government appointed for the first time in September a Secretary for Human Rights; at year's end, this fledgling ministry had yet to demonstrate any influence over the country's human rights policies.
1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom From:
a. Arbitrary or Unlawful Deprivation of Life
There was one report that a person died as a result of torture while in custody. On September 6, the World Organization Against Torture (OMCT) reported that when Mohammad Massaud Izbeda inquired at the Revolutionary Committee Headquarters as to why his son had not been among 62 prisoners released by the Government on September 1, the authorities detained and tortured Mr. Izbeda. According to reports, he was released later that day and died the same night (see Section 1.c.).
An unknown number of deaths in custody occurred as a result of poor prison conditions (see Section 1.c.).
In 2001 the Government continued to take proactive measures to prevent the development of any serious opposition within the country, focusing its efforts primarily on Islamist groups. It reinforced the tightened security measures put in place following a 1996 prison mutiny in Benghazi by arresting possible dissidents, conducting military operations in the areas of insurrection, and killing a number of persons.
In October 2001, mobs killed an estimated 150 Africans, including a Chadian diplomat, in the worst outbreak of antiforeigner violence since Qadafi took power in 1969. Government security forces reportedly intervened to stop the violence, but then deported hundreds of thousands of African migrant workers by driving them in convoys to the southern border and leaving them stranded in the desert (see Section 6.e.).
In November 2001, a German court found four persons, including a former government diplomat, guilty of murder and attempted murder in connection with the 1986 bombing of the La Belle disco in then-West Berlin. In rendering his oral verdict, the judge declared that there was clear government responsibility. The German Government immediately called upon the Government to admit responsibility and provide compensation for the victims.
U.N. sanctions against the country were suspended in 1999 after the Government surrendered two suspects wanted in connection with the bombing of Pan Am flight 103 over Scotland in 1988, which killed 259 persons on board and 11 persons on the ground. On March 14, a Scottish appellate court in the Netherlands upheld the conviction of government agent Abdelbasset al-Megrahi in connection with the bombing. In September Megrahi appealed the case to the European Court of Human Rights, alleging that his rights were breached during his 2000-2001 trial and the subsequent appeal. U.N. Security Council resolutions required the country to fulfill certain obligations regarding the Pan Am 103 bombing before sanctions may be permanently lifted, including accepting responsibility for the actions of its officials and paying appropriate compensation.
In March 1999, a French court convicted in absentia six defendants in the bombing of UTA flight 772 over Chad in 1989, which killed 171 persons, and sentenced them to life in prison. In July 2000, the Government paid the French Government $31 million (17 million dinars) to compensate the victims' families. During Foreign Minister Shalgam's official visit to Paris in October, the country agreed to pay further compensation to the families of UTA victims who did not receive compensation from the 2000 settlement.
b. Disappearance
In the past year, there were no reports of abductions; however, the Government in the past has abducted and killed dissidents in the country and abroad.
In January accusations of government responsibility for the 1978 disappearance of Lebanese Shi'a leader Imam Mousa al-Sadr and two of his companions in the country resurfaced when Qadhafi announced his intention to attend the Arab League Summit meeting in Beirut in March. A Lebanese Shi'a Muslim group called the Sadr Brigades responded by threatening unspecified action against Qadhafi if he came to Beirut, causing him to cancel his visit. The Government denied any involvement in Musa Sadr's disappearance, and in August the Government issued a public appeal for any information related to the disappearance. In October the Sadr Brigades publicly vowed vengeance against Qadhafi based on information it said Iran had provided which proved the country's culpability.
The Government did not take any action in the 1993 disappearance in Cairo of its citizen Mansur Kikhiya, a human rights and political activist.
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
The law provides for fines against any official using excessive force; nonetheless, there were no known cases of prosecution for torture or abuse. Security personnel routinely torture prisoners during interrogations or for punishment. Government agents reportedly detained and tortured foreign workers, particularly those from sub-Saharan Africa. Reports of torture were difficult to corroborate because many prisoners were held incommunicado. In July Qadhafi's son, Saif al-Islam, announced that the Government would make public the names of any government personnel involved in torture, even if they were senior officials, and would bring them trial. The Government had not made public any names by year's end. Methods of torture reportedly included: chaining to a wall for hours; clubbing; applying electric shock; applying corkscrews to the back; pouring lemon juice in open wounds; breaking fingers and allowing the joints to heal without medical care; suffocating with plastic bags; depriving of food and water; hanging by the wrists; suspending from a pole inserted between the knees and elbows; burning with cigarettes; attacking with dogs; and beating on the soles of the feet.
In May a court sentenced Ahmad Muhammad Ahmad al-Sharif, Sayyid Muhammad Ahmad, Dahmu Muhammad Abu Bakr al-Sharif, and Barkah Sidi Jira Barkah to have their right hands and left legs amputated in punishment for theft. The sentences were carried out in July and were the first in the country since Qadhafi came to power 1969.
On September 6, the World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) reported that Mohammad Massaud Izbeda inquired at the Revolutionary Committee Headquarters as to why his son, Abdallah Mohammad Massaud Izbeda, had not been among the 62 prisoners released by the Government on September 1. Authorities at the headquarters detained and tortured Mr. Izbeda. According to reports, he was released later that day and died the same night. Security forces reportedly attempted to remove Izbeda's body from its gravesite on September 13 when a group of young persons intervened. Authorities arrested several, subjecting at least one, Seif Salem Aljadik, to torture, and reportedly killing others. Authorities also demolished both Mr. Izbeda and Mr. Aljadik's homes (see Section 1.a.).
In May 1999, in a much publicized case involving the HIV infection of nearly 400 children, 16 defendants, including 6 Bulgarians and 1 Palestinian, all health professionals, claimed that their confessions had been obtained under duress. In February a court in Benghazi conducted an official inquiry into the defendants' claims of torture. Defense lawyers for the professionals told the press that the inquiry was completed but the results were not communicated to the defense. In November the seven suspects told the Sunday Times that they had signed confessions after months of torture. The torture methods they described included electric shocks, beatings, sleep deprivation, intimidation by police dogs, and forcing one female suspect to undress and threatening to insert a lighted lamp into her vagina. These signed confessions are now the prosecution's best evidence against the suspects. The case remained pending at year's end. According to Amnesty International (AI), although the verdict was supposed to be announced in September 2001, no such action has occurred.
In 1998 152 professionals and students were arrested in Benghazi for alleged involvement with an Islamic organizations not known to have used or advocated violence. An international human rights organization noted that the defendants were subjected to arbitrary arrest, torture, and ill-treatment while being held in incommunicado detention (see Sections 1.d. and 1.e.).
Prison conditions reportedly were poor. According to AI, political detainees reportedly were held in cruel, inhuman, or degrading conditions, and denied adequate medical care, which led to several deaths in custody. The Government did not permit prison visits by human rights monitors, including the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).
d. Arbitrary Arrest, Detention, or Exile
By law the Government may hold detainees incommunicado for unlimited periods. Security forces arbitrarily arrested and detained citizens. The Government held many political detainees incommunicado in unofficial detention centers controlled by members of the Revolutionary Committees.
Scores of businessmen, traders, and shop owners have been arrested arbitrarily on charges of corruption, dealing in foreign goods, and funding Islamic fundamentalist groups in violation of the 1994 Purge Law. The Purge Law was established to fight financial corruption, black marketeering, drug trafficking, and atheism. "Purification committees enforced the law.
Hundreds of political detainees, many associated with banned Islamic groups, reportedly were held in prisons throughout the country (but mainly in the Abu Salim prison in Tripoli); many have been held for years without charge. Some human rights organizations estimated this number to be as high as 2,000. Hundreds of other detainees may have been held for periods too brief (3 to 4 months) to permit confirmation by outside observers.
On February 16, a People's Court in Tripoli sentenced to death Salem Abu Hanak and Abdullah Ahmed Izzedin, 2 out of at least 152 professionals who were arbitrarily arrested in 1998 in Benghazi for involvement with Islamic organizations. Eighty-six of the 152 men were sentenced while 66 were acquitted. Those who were convicted received sentences ranging from 10 years to life imprisonment. The appeal trial opened on December 14. AI reported that lawyers for the accused were neither allowed to study their case files nor to meet with their clients. The lawyers were denied access to the court, and the judge appointed government clerks to replace them. Family members were allowed to meet the accused briefly for the first time since their arrest in April 2001, but then not again until at least December 2001 (see Sections 1.c. and 1.e.).
In May 1999, the 16 defendants of the case involving the HIV infection of nearly 400 children were kept in incommunicado detention for approximately 10 months, without access to their families or legal representation (see Sections 1.c. and 1.e.).
On September 1, the Government freed 62 political prisoners, including Muhammad Ali al-Akrami, al-Ajili Muhammad Abd al-Raham al-Azhari, Muhammad Ali al-Qajiji, Salih Omar al-Qasbi, and Muhammad al-Sadiq al-Tarhuni, who had been imprisoned since 1973 for their peaceful involvement with the prohibited Islamic Liberation Party.
On September 1, the Government pardoned 50 Egyptian prisoners and deported them to Egypt. In October the Government returned 238 Nigerian prisoners arrested in anti-African riots in July 2001 to Nigeria to serve out jail terms imposed by courts, following an appeal by the Nigerian government.
There was no information available on Abdullah Ali al-Sanussi al-Darrat, who was detained without charge and has not had a trial since 1973 (see Section 2.a.).
The Government did not impose forced exile as a form of punishment, and it continued to encourage citizen dissidents abroad to return, promising to ensure their safety. It is unclear whether such promises were honored. The Government repatriated dozens of family members of suspected citizen al-Qa'ida members from Afghanistan and Pakistan in waves throughout the year. Although the Government publicly guaranteed their safety, the likelihood of such safety remained unclear. Students studying abroad have been interrogated upon their return.
In connection with the September 2000 mob violence against sub-Saharan workers, many sub-Saharan Africans, including Chadians, Ghanaians, and Nigerians were repatriated after seeking assistance from their embassies.
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial
The judiciary was not independent of the Government, and security forces had the power to pass sentences without trial. The Government used summary judicial proceedings to suppress domestic dissent.
There were four levels of courts: summary courts, which tried petty offenses; the courts of first instance, which tried more serious crimes; the courts of appeal; and the Supreme Court, which was the final appellate level.
Special revolutionary courts tried political offenses. Such trials often were held in secret or even in the absence of the accused. In other cases, the security forces had the power to pass sentences without trial, especially in cases involving political opposition. In the past, Qadhafi has incited local cadres to take extrajudicial action against suspected opponents.
The private practice of law is illegal; all lawyers must be members of the Secretariat of Justice.
On February 16, in the trial of the 152 professionals and students who were arrested in Benghazi for alleged involvement with an Islamic organization, an international human rights organization noted that the trial was held in secret and that the judges hearing the case were not legally qualified. At the time of their arrest, the defendants were not informed of the charges against them nor were they allowed to meet their lawyers for consultation (see Sections 1.c. and 1.d).
On February 17, the special People's Court, charged with trying 16 health professionals (9 Libyans, 1 Palestinian, and 6 Bulgarians) in 1999 for allegedly infecting 400 children with HIV, dropped the conspiracy charge and transferred the proceedings to the criminal court. The attorney defending the persons claimed he was allowed to meet with his clients twice in the 3 years since their jailing. The case was still pending at year's end (see Sections 1.c. and 1.d.).
The Government held a large number of political prisoners. AI estimated that there were hundreds of persons imprisoned for political reasons; other groups put that number as high as 2,000. According to AI, in September 62 prisoners were released on the 33rd anniversary of Qadhafi coming to power.
The Government did not permit access to political prisoners by international human rights monitors.
f. Arbitrary Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence
The Government does not respect the right to privacy. Security agencies often disregarded the legal requirement to obtain warrants before entering a private home. They also routinely monitored telephone calls.
The security agencies and the Revolutionary Committees oversaw an extensive network of informants; one credible foreign observer estimated that 10 to 20 percent of the population was engaged in surveillance for the Government. Exiles reported that family ties to suspected government opponents may result in harassment and detention. The Government may seize and destroy property belonging to "enemies of the people" or those who "cooperate" with foreign powers. In the past, citizens reported that the Government warned members of the extended family of government opponents that they too risked the death penalty.
The law provides for the punishment of families or communities that aid, abet, or do not inform the Government of criminals and oppositionists in their midst. The crimes include "obstructing the people's power, instigating and practicing tribal fanaticism, possessing, trading in or smuggling unlicensed weapons, and damaging public and private institutions and property." The law also provides that "any group, whether large or small," including towns, villages, local assemblies, tribes, or families, be punished in their entirety if they are accused by the General People's Congress of sympathizing, financing, aiding in any way, harboring, protecting, or refraining from identifying perpetrators of such crimes. Punishment under the Collective Punishment Law ranges from the denial of access to utilities (water, electricity, telephone), fuels, food supplies, official documents, and participation in local assemblies, to the termination of new economic projects and state subsidies. The "Code of Honor", passed by the People's General Congress in 1997, provides for collective punishment to be inflicted on the relatives of persons having committed certain crimes, normally opponents of the regime.
The 1994 Purge Law provides for the confiscation of private assets above a nominal amount, describing wealth in excess of such undetermined amounts as "the fruits of exploitation or corruption." In 1996 the Government ordered the formation of hundreds of "Purge" or Purification Committees composed of young military officers and students. The Purification Committees reportedly seized some "excessive" amounts of private wealth from members of the middle and affluent classes; the confiscated property was taken from the rich to be given to the poor in an effort to appease the populace and to strengthen the Government's power and control over the country. The activities of the Purification Committees continued during the year.
2. Respect for Civil Liberties, Including:
a. Freedom of Speech and Press
The Government severely limited the freedoms of speech and of the press. This was especially true with regard to criticism of Qadhafi or his Government. The occasional instances of criticism of political leaders and policies in the state-controlled media usually were government attempts to test public opinion or weaken a government figure who may be a potential challenger to Qadhafi. The authorities tolerated some difference of opinion in People's Committee meetings and at the General People's Congress.
The Government did not respond to requests on the whereabouts of the journalist Abdullah Ali al-Sanussi al-Darat, who has been detained without trial or charges brought against him since 1973 (see Section 1.d.).
In April the press announced that the Government had revoked writer Farag Sayyid Bul-Isha's citizenship as a punishment for his participation in a program on Al-Jazeera.
The Government restricted freedom of speech in several ways: by prohibiting all political activities not officially approved; by enacting laws so vague that many forms of speech or expression may be interpreted as illegal; and by operating a pervasive system of informants that created an atmosphere of mistrust at all levels of society (see Section 1.f.).
The State owns and controlled the media. There was a state-run daily newspaper, Al-Shams, with a circulation of 40,000. Local Revolutionary Committees published several smaller newspapers. The official news agency, JANA, was the designated conduit for official views. The Government did not permit the publication of opinions contrary to its policy. Such foreign publications as Newsweek, Time, the International Herald Tribune, L'Express, and Jeune Afrique were available, but authorities routinely censored them and had the power to prohibit their entry into the market.
Technology has made the Internet and satellite television widely available in the country. According to numerous anecdotal reports, both were accessed easily in Tripoli.
The Government restricted academic freedom. Professors and teachers who discussed politically sensitive topics face the risk of government reprisal.
b. Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Association
The Constitution does not provide for the right of assembly, and the Government severely restricted this right. Public assembly was permitted only with Government approval and in support of the Government's positions.
The Government restricted the right of association; it grants such a right only to institutions affiliated with the Government. Under the law, political activity found by the authorities to be treasonous is punishable by death. An offense may include any activity that is "opposed to the principles of the Revolution."
c. Freedom of Religion
The Government restricted freedom of religion. The country is overwhelmingly Sunni Muslim, and the leadership states publicly its preference for Islam.
In an apparent effort to eliminate all alternative power bases, the Government banned the once powerful Sanusiyya Sufi order of Islam. In its place, Qadhafi established the Islamic Call Society (ICS), which was the outlet for state-approved religion, as well as a tool for exporting the revolution abroad. The ICS also was responsible for relations with other religions, including Christian churches in the country. In 1992 the Government announced that the ICS would be disbanded; however, its director still conducted activities, suggesting that the organization remains operational. The Government heavily censored its clerics. Islamic groups whose beliefs and practices were at variance with the state-approved teaching of Islam were banned. Although most Islamic institutions were under state control, some mosques were endowed by prominent families; however, they generally followed the government-approved interpretation of Islam. Government officials repeatedly denounced militant Islam throughout the year.
Members of some minority religions were allowed to conduct services. Christian churches operated openly and were tolerated by the authorities. However, Christians were restricted by the lack of churches; there was a government limit of one church per denomination per city.
For a more detailed discussion see the 2002 International Religious Freedom Report.
d. Freedom of Movement Within the Country, Foreign Travel, Emigration, and Repatriation
The Government usually does not restrict the internal movement of citizens, but it has imposed blockades on those cities and regions (primarily in the east) in which antigovernment attacks or movements originated.
The Government required citizens to obtain exit permits for travel abroad and limited their access to hard currency. A woman must have her husband's permission to travel abroad (see Section 5). Authorities routinely seized the passports of foreigners married to citizens upon their entry into the country.
The right of return exists. The Government has called on students, many of whom receive a government subsidy, and others working abroad, to return to the country on little or no notice.
The Government expelled noncitizens arbitrarily. The Government repatriated dozens of family members of suspected al-Qa'ida members from Afghanistan and Pakistan in waves throughout the year.
Following reports in October 2001 of mob violence in which 150 African workers were killed, the Government expelled hundreds of thousands of African migrants by driving them in convoys to the border with Niger and Chad and abandoning them there in the desert (see Sections 1.a., 5 and 6.e.). In February 2000, eight nationals were forcibly returned from Jordan and in July 2000 four nationals were forcibly returned from Pakistan. All were suspected of having sympathies with certain religious groups.
While the country has acceded to the 1969 Organization of African Unity Convention on refugees, it is not a signatory to the 1951 U.N. Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol. The law does not include provisions for granting asylum, first asylum, or refugee status. The U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) reported that there were approximately 33,000 refugees in the country, including 30,000 Palestinians and 3,000 Somalis. During 2001 the UNHCR assisted approximately 1,300 of the most vulnerable refugees in the country and supported income-generating programs for refugee women. The Government cooperated with UNHCR and provided free housing to approximately 850 refugees.
3. Respect for Political Rights: The Right of Citizens to Change Their Government
The Government denied citizens the right to change their government. Major government decisions were controlled by Qadhafi, his close associates, and committees acting in his name. Political parties were banned. Qadhafi appointed military officers and official functionaries down to junior levels. Corruption and favoritism, partly based on tribal origin, were major problems that adversely affected government efficiency.
In theory, popular political participation is provided by the grassroots People's Committees, which are open to both men and women, and which send representatives annually to the national General People's Congress (GPC). The GPC is chosen by Qadhafi and merely approves all recommendations made by him.
Qadhafi established the Revolutionary Committees in 1977. These bodies consisted primarily of youths who guard against political dissent. Some committees have engaged in show trials of government opponents; the committees also have been implicated in the killing of opponents abroad. The committees approve all candidates in elections for the GPC.
There was no reliable information on the representation of women and minorities in the Government.
4. Governmental Attitude Regarding International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Violations of Human Rights
The Government prohibits the establishment of independent human rights organizations.
The Government created the Libyan Arab Human Rights Committee in 1989. The committee was not known to have published any reports.
The Government has not responded substantively to appeals from Amnesty International on behalf of detainees.
In June the African Union (AU) nominated the country to chair the 57th UN Commission on Human Rights (CHR). The nomination renewed international scrutiny of the country's human rights record and caused international organizations to criticize the AU for backing the country. The Government publicly dismissed criticism of its human rights record in August, issuing a statement that "respect of human rights is enshrined." In September Qadhafi's son Saif al-Islam defended the country's nomination on the grounds that chairing the CHR would influence the Government into better behavior.
5. Discrimination Based on Race, Sex, Disability, Language, or Social Status
The Constitution prohibits discrimination based on these factors; however, the Government did not enforce the prohibitions, particularly those against discrimination against women and tribal minorities.
Although there was little detailed information regarding the extent of violence against women, it remained a problem. In general, the intervention of neighbors and extended family members tended to limit the reporting of domestic violence. Abuse within the family rarely was discussed publicly, due to the value attached to privacy in society.
Some nomadic tribes located in remote areas still practiced FGM on young girls.
Citizens have been implicated in the purchase of Sudanese slaves, mainly southern Sudanese women and children (see Section 6.f.).
The 1969 Constitutional Proclamation granted women total equality. Despite this legal provision, traditional attitudes and practices prevailed, and discrimination against women persisted, keeping them from attaining the family or civil rights formally provided them. Women were reportedly prevented in practice from owning property. A woman must have the permission of her husband or another close male relative to travel abroad (see Section 2.d.).
Although their status is still not equal to that of men, the opportunity for women to make notable social progress increased in recent years. Oil wealth, urbanization, development plans, education programs, and even the impetus behind Qadhafi's revolutionary government have contributed to the creation of new employment opportunities for women. In recent years, foreign diplomats have noted a growing sense of individualism in some segments of society, especially among educated youth. For example, many educated young couples preferred to set up their own households, rather than move in with their parents, and viewed polygyny with scorn. Educational differences between men and women have narrowed.
In general, the emancipation of women is a generational phenomenon: urban women under the age of 35 tended to have more "modern" attitudes toward life; however, older urban women tended to have more traditional attitudes toward family and employment. Moreover, a significant proportion of rural women did not attend school and were inclined to instill in their children such traditional beliefs as women's subservient role in society.
Female participation in the workforce, particularly in services, has increased in the last decade. However, employment gains by women were often inhibited by lingering traditional restrictions that discourage women from playing an active role in the workplace and by the resurgence of Islamic fundamentalist values. Some observers have noted that even educated women often lacked self-confidence and social awareness and sought only a limited degree of occupational and social equality with men.
The Government subsidized education (which is compulsory until age 15) and medical care, and it has improved the welfare of children; however, declining revenues and general economic mismanagement have led to cutbacks, particularly in medical services.
Sudanese girls reportedly have been trafficked and sold as slaves in the country (see Section 6.f.).
FGM was practiced on young girls.
Persons with Disabilities
No information was available on the Government's efforts, if any, to assist persons with disabilities.
National/Racial/Ethnic Minorities
Arabic-speaking Muslims of mixed Arab and Amazigh ancestry constituted 97 percent of the population. The principal minorities are Amazighs and sub-Saharan Africans. There were frequent allegations of discrimination based on tribal status, particularly against Amazighs in the interior and Tuaregs in the south. The Government manipulated the tribes to maintain a grip on power by rewarding some tribes with money and government positions and repressing and jailing members of various other tribes. The Government also has attempted to keep the tribes fractured by pitting one against another.
Foreigners constituted a significant part of the workforce. According to some estimates, there were 2.5 million foreign workers. Africans in particular have become targets of resentment in the past. In October 2001, mobs of citizens in several locations reportedly killed 150 African workers, including a Chadian diplomat. The Government dispersed the rioters, but then reportedly expelled hundreds of thousands of African workers (see Sections 1.a., 2.d., and 6.e.). In September 2000, mobs beat and killed numerous African workers and, in some cases, burned their places of residence and employment. The mobs blamed the foreign population for increased crime and the presence of HIV/AIDS in the country.
6. Worker Rights
a. The Right of Association
Independent trade unions and professional associations are prohibited, and workers do not have the right to form their own unions. The Government regards such structures as unacceptable "intermediaries between the revolution and the working forces." However, workers may join the National Trade Unions' Federation, which was created in 1972 and is administered by the People's Committee system. The Government prohibited foreign workers from joining this organization.
The official trade union organization played an active role in the International Confederation of Arab Trade Unions and the Organization of African Trade Union Unity. The Arab Maghreb Trade Union Federation suspended the membership of the country's trade union organization in 1993. The suspension followed reports that Qadhafi had replaced all union leaders, and in some cases, with loyal followers without union experience.
b. The Right to Organize and Bargain Collectively
Collective bargaining does not exist in any meaningful sense, because labor law requires that the Government must approve all agreements.
The law does not provide workers with the right to strike. In a 1992 speech, Qadhafi claimed that workers were permitted to strike but added that strikes do not occur because the workers control their enterprises. There were no reports of strikes during the year.
There were no export processing zones.
c. Prohibition of Forced or Bonded Labor
Forced or bonded labor is not prohibited by law, and there was no information regarding whether the law prohibits forced or bonded labor by children or whether such practices occured. In its 2000 report, the International Labor Organization's (ILO) Committee of Experts stated that in the country "persons expressing certain political views or views ideologically opposed to the established political, social, or economic system may be punished with penalties of imprisonment," including "an obligation to perform labor." The ILO report also noted that public employees may be sentenced to compulsory labor "as a punishment for breaches of labor discipline or for participation in strikes, even in services whose interruption would not endanger the life, personal safety, or health of the whole or part of the population."
There have been credible reports that the Government arbitrarily forced some foreign workers into involuntary military service or has coerced them into performing subversive activities against their own countries.
Despite the Penal Code's prohibition on slavery, citizens have been implicated in the purchase of Sudanese slaves, mainly southern Sudanese women and children, who were captured by Sudanese government troops in the ongoing civil war in Sudan (see Section 6.f.).
d. Status of Child Labor Practices and Minimum Age for Employment
The minimum age for employment of children is 18. There was no information available on the prevalence of child labor, or whether forced or bonded labor by children is prohibited or practiced (see Section 6.c.).
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work
The labor law defines the rights and duties of workers, including matters of compensation, pension rights, minimum rest periods, and working hours.
Wages, which are forbidden by the Green Book and are actually paid in the form of "entitlements" to workers, frequently were in arrears. A public sector wage freeze was imposed over a decade ago particularly in the face of consistently high inflation. According to some reports, the average family lived on $170 (86.7 dinars) a month. Although there was no information available regarding whether the average wage was sufficient to provide a worker and family with a decent standard of living, the Government heavily subsidized rent, utilities, oil, and every day food staples such as flour and sugar. The legal maximum workweek is 48 hours.
Labor inspectors are assigned to inspect places of work for compliance with occupational health and safety standards. Certain industries, such as the petroleum sector, attempted to maintain standards set by foreign companies. There was no information regarding whether a worker may remove himself from an unhealthy or unsafe work situation without risking continued employment.
Although foreign workers constitute a significant percentage of the work force, the Labor Law does not accord them equality of treatment. Foreign workers were permitted to reside in the country only for the duration of their work contracts and could not send more than half of their earnings to their families in their home countries. They were subject to arbitrary pressures, such as changes in work rules and contracts, and had little option but to accept such changes or to depart the country. Foreign workers who were not under contract enjoyed no protection.
In 1997 the U.N. Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights cited inadequate housing, threats of imprisonment to those accused of disobeying disciplinary rules, and accusations of causing a variety of societal problems as some of the problems in the Government's treatment of foreign laborers.
The Government used the threat of expulsion of foreign workers as leverage against countries whose foreign policies ran counter to the Government's.
In October 2001, mobs of citizens in several locations reportedly killed 150 African workers, leading to the deportation of hundreds of thousands of African workers by the Government (see Sections 1.a., 2.d., and 5). The violence followed similar attacks on African workers in September 2000.
f. Trafficking in Persons
There was no information available regarding whether the law specifically prohibits trafficking in persons. However, the offenses of prostitution and related offenses, including sexual trafficking are illegal in the Penal Code.
There have been reports of trafficking in persons. The country was a place of transit for women trafficked from Africa to central Europe, and there were reports that Sri Lankan women were transported through the country as well. In August 2001, Senegalese authorities detained 100 young Senegalese women from boarding a charter flight to the country. According to a media report, in September 2001 two French nationals of Senegalese origin were arrested and charged with organizing international prostitution. There were reports that these women were being sent to the country to work as prostitutes.
Citizens have been implicated in the purchase of Sudanese slaves, mainly southern Sudanese women and children, who were captured by Sudanese Government troops in the ongoing civil war in Sudan (see Section 6.c.).


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Buffalo, NY (Sports Network) - Paul Martin scored the tie-breaking goal with
2:04 left to play as the Pittsburgh Penguins continued their recent success by
rallying for a 4-3 victory over the Buffalo Sabres at First Niagara Center.
Pascal Dupuis netted a pair of goals, including the game-tying tally earlier
in the third period, while assisting on Martin's clincher, and Sidney Crosby
registered a goal and two assists to help the Penguins improve to 8-2-0 on the
road this season and post their third consecutive win overall. Marc-Andre
Fleury finished with 30 saves in Pittsburgh's triumph. Thomas Vanek had a
goal and an assist for Buffalo, which overcame a horrific start to the
contest to take a 3-2 lead on Steve Ott's marker 5:17 into the final period.
Christian Ehrhoff delivered a pair of assists in the setback, the Sabres'
third in four games, with Ryan Miller stopping 31 shots on the afternoon.
Final Score: Chicago 3, Los Angeles 2
Chicago, IL (Sports Network) - Brent Seabrook and Jonathan Toews posted a goal
and an assist each and the Chicago Blackhawks continued their torrid start to
the season with a 3-2 win over the Los Angeles Kings on Sunday. Patrick Sharp
also scored while Ray Emery made 25 saves for the Blackhawks, who have now
recorded at least a point in all 15 games this season. With a record of
12-0-3, Chicago tied the 1984-85 Edmonton Oilers 15-game stretch to start
the season and with a point in its next game against Vancouver on
Tuesday, the team will tie the 2006-07 Anaheim Ducks' all-time record with 16
straight to begin a campaign. Mike Richards had a pair of goals for the
Kings, who had won two straight coming in. Jonathan Quick made 34 saves in
the loss.
The Sports Network

subset: commoncrawl


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Staff Report
Published Dec. 3, 2012
Ameris Bancorp, which has nine branches in South Carolina, has received approval to repurchase up to $24 million worth of preferred stock that it sold to the U.S. Treasury Department under the Troubled Asset Relief Program or TARP.
By repurchasing the preferred stock, Ameris will be able to reduce the dividends payable "thereby positively impacting the company's 2013 results," the Moultrie, Ga.-based company said in a press release.
Ameris added it expects to repurchase the remaining balance of the original $52 million TARP preferred stock investment through February 2014, subject to regulatory approval.
The preferred stock was sold by the Treasury to other investors in June through a registered public offering as part of the agency's efforts to wind down its remaining TARP bank investments.
"We are pleased to start the process of retiring the TARP preferred stock. This additional capital gave us flexibility during a tough economic cycle and has allowed us to execute offensive strategies and continue growing," said Edwin W. Hortman Jr., president and CEO. "Our plans remain intact to retire all of the preferred shares before the stock's dividend rate increases, without issuing additional common shares."
Ameris has 66 offices in Georgia, Alabama, northern Florida and South Carolina.


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I was watching Eastman's Hunting Journal T.V. show the other evening and the Eastman's did a Savage arms commercial in which Ike,Mike and Guy sported Savage rifles.
Ike's rifle looks like a Savage Lightweight Hunter, I was wondering if anyone knows what caliber it is. And why he chose it? I'm also curious about what Mike & Guy shoot, and why. Perhaps one of them can shed some light on this.


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Advanced Metal Sheering Tips and Tricks - Cuttin' CornersWritten by on February 16, 2010 Metal Shearin' Made Easier
There's a huge difference between the desire to save time and just plain laziness. While I have been known to get the two mixed up on occasion, when it comes to any type of metal fabrication, I've grown quite fond of any tool or device that's not only good, but can cut some serious time off a particular process. In this case, the cutting's literal-we're talking shears ... old-school and new fangled.
Sheetmetal shearing is one task that I haven't ever been a really big fan of, well, at least until recently. Having some pretty serious arthritis, it's not much fun trying to cut a chunk of 18-gauge with a pair of snips, even if they are sharp. For casual use, tin snips were really the only choice from an economical standpoint. And, for the most part, they did (and do) the job-on my hands as well! Looking for a reasonable solution somewhere in-between the hardware store cutters I was using and a big ol' industrial shear, by chance I stumbled across Woodward Fab's throatless rotary shear while thumbing through the latest Summit catalog I'd received in the mail. If you're familiar with these, then you know how nice they are for making straight, angled, and (as advertised) curved cuts on up to 1/8-inch material (I think cutting that thick will wear the blades down real quick). Best of all, they're under $200. Once I familiarized myself with it, I probably wasted more pieces of sheetmetal than I should've just messing around. For a couple hundred more, you can always step up to a "good" Beverly shear, but that was my problem-didn't have an extra couple hundred. Regardless, for the amount and type of cutting I do, the rotary will do ... just fine.
While not quite as inexpensive as the rotary shear (roughly twice the cost), another time-saver tool I found that works equally well-and much better than snips-is the Excalibur 14.4-volt cordless sheetmetal cutter. Unlike a typical pair of electric shears, such as the Milwaukees shown, these cut just like a manual set in that they don't waste any material in the cutting process. The blades (which can be sharpened) will cut up to 16-gauge mild steel and 18-gauge stainless. Designed and manufactured in Australia for the roofing trade, these work great for light and heavy automotive sheetmetal fabrication. For the money you spend, you also get a charger, extra battery, and carrying case, so when you add it all up, it's not a bad deal.
Still, if money is a real concern, which is for most of us these days, then there's absolutely nothing wrong with the tried-and-true snips. For very occasional use, the Harbor Freight ones definitely do the job. However, for more frequent use and more precision, I've found the Prosnip brand works exceptionally well-far better than the typical hardware store ones from Wiss-and are priced right. I've had my yellows (straight cut), reds (left cut), and greens (right cut) for who knows how many years, and to this day they're still one of the most-used tools I have ... that is, when I'm not using one of my new time-savers to save my hands and actually try to finish a job!
More Photos From This Article View Slideshow
For anyone who does a decent amount of sheetmetal work, it's hard to beat this tool. Woodward Fab's throatless rotary shear can cut circles around your old tin snips-literally. The forged steel frame is heavy, but the ratcheting shear can perform some heavy-duty cutting.For first-time users, it might take a bit getting familiar with, but all in all, the rotary shear is fairly straightforward: the material feeds in with the ratchet to the left; usable piece should also be on the left.Regardless of whether you're right- or left-handed, you can feed/guide material with one and work the blades via ratchet with the other. For longer cuts, make sure the excess metal is directed through the "throatless" portion of the shear, as it's possible to get shorter pieces bound up.While my skill level's indeed a factor, I was unable to get nice, even radiused cuts like this in heavier gauge sheet using snips. The rotary shear definitely takes a lot of effort out of the equation too. The more pronounced teeth marks (concave piece) only result on material fed to the right of the blades.The rotary's blades are adjusted with a hex-head cam-if the cam's not tightened completely, you'll notice right away as the blades spread apart once you start feeding the material.Powered handheld shears are great, except if you want them to cut like snips without material loss caused by the blades (which isn't necessarily a big deal). If that's the case, the Excalibur cordless sheetmetal cutters will do the trick.These Aussie-made cutters feature a cam-driven, adjustable head (rotates). They're reported by the manufacturer to cut up to 12 inches per second, and can cut up to 300 feet of mild tin on a single charge of its 14.4-volt battery.Cutting is almost effortless and smooth as silk-as long as you keep the cutters cocked between 10 and 15 degrees.
The smaller vertical cut is the result of a sufficient pass; the longer horizontal cut is characteristic of what happens when the cutter is not angled/guided properly.With a fresh set of blades installed, my 110-volt Milwaukee electric shears work just fine for straight and slow curving cuts. I picked these up at a yard sale; don't think I'd own them otherwise, as I'd much rather spend the money on something like the aforementioned Excaliburs, for what it's worth.Plus, I'm tired of picking up-and oftentimes stepping on-all the sharp curly cues the Milwaukees make! If I need to cut a large piece of sheetmetal in half, though, the less distortion they cause will more than likely rule out the cordless ones.Don't get me wrong, I'm not all "pro" professional tools. If money were the deciding factor, my set of Prosnips would definitely suffice-I've used them for this long, and I know they've still got a lot of life left in 'em!In all honesty, one could really get away with simply having just one set of tin snips-the yellows, or straight-cut (Prosnip 103) snips.In addition to the red, green, and yellow snips, often referred to as "aviation" snips, are these "offset" snips. These are from Snap-On (left) and Wurth (right) and are a little more expensive than the aviation snips. Note how the jaws are offset to one side. These snips are available in straight, left, or right cut, just as the aviation snips are. The Wurth snips shown can handle steel up to 1.8mm thick. These are twentysomething years old and still going strong, though the blades have seen some abuse over the years!Note how the offset jaws allow the steel to be trimmed off to "curl" while the work piece remains flat. The angled jaws also keep your hands away from the sharp metal edges as the handles are up and away from the sheetmetal.No matter what you use to cut with, protect your investment-keep the blades lubricated all the time. I've been using Rapid Tap on everything from tubing cutters to drill bits (and of course shear blades) for quite a long time, and it's kept the tools I don't break in service for quite a long time as well.


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key x_item MI2244
Growing Glove
Item Number: MI2244
This is a great comedy item for all audiences. The Performer appears as if he's ready to begin his act and removes his white gloves. One glove comes off o.k. but the second seems to be stuck. He keeps pulling and what appears to be a shirt sleeve comes off along with the glove. That's not all! He keeps pulling and more material comes out. It might as appear as if his under garments are coming out also. In all there is six feet of material.
Available in multi-color or all white.
Customer Reviews Write a review.
No reviews yet. Do you own this product? Write a review.


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The window of time during which employees pull their money out of their retirement plans is shrinking, prompting financial advisers to prep future retirees for rollovers a little earlier.
A new analysis by JPMorgan Chase & Co. of 1.8 million retirement plan participants concluded that last year, just 17 percent of them continued to hold assets in their 401(k) three years after retirement, down from 19 percent in 2008.
The data suggest that more retirees are taking their money and bailing from their plan even sooner after they stop working than used to be the case.
For instance, similar data from The Vanguard Group Inc. in 2010, studying a group that retired in 2004, showed that after five years after they leave their plan, about 20 percent of both retirement-age participants and their assets remain in the plan.
In some cases, employees begin taking withdrawals before they stop working, according to Dan Oldroyd, vice president and portfolio manager with JPMorgan's Global Multi-Asset Group.
"People start taking lumpy withdrawals at age 59.5 because the [10 percent] tax penalty goes away," he said. "There's a definite trend in people not sticking around in the plan."
As a result, advisers are having earlier conversations with working clients, sketching out a plan for their 401(k) assets before the time comes for a distribution or a rollover. Education is a major component of those conversations, getting workers into the mindset of living on a fixed income during retirement.
"We're definitely doing more targeted meetings, focusing on the 55-plus group," said Joe Connell, managing director at Sheridan Road Financial LLC, which works with plan sponsors on retirement plans.
Those discussions with aging employees focus on raising awareness of longevity during retirement and plotting the costs of health care. Workers realize far ahead of time that their savings need to last them at least 30 years.
"We want them to understand what they're looking at in terms of expenditures," said Connell, noting that fewer than 10 percent of these retirees keep their assets with the plan once they exit the workforce.
Advisers working with retail clients note that there are a handful of factors that drive retiring employees' flight from their plans. Among them is the desire to have full control of their savings and the ability to invest in instruments that might not have been available in the 401(k), but they also harbor fears of what could happen should their employer run into financial difficulty.
Rich Zito, co-founder of Flynn Zito Capital Management LLC, said that after the dot-com bust, the firm had a handful of clients who were working for companies that went under.
In one situation, it took an affected client close to nine months to get his 401(k) assets from the employer.
"That's not to say that many people are in that situation, but why leave the money there if you don't have control of the funds?" Zito said.
In other situations, employers are in a hurry to get workers out of their plans, as they would rather not have any fiduciary responsibility over assets that belong to retirees, said R. Craig Byrd, president of Byrd Financial Group LLC.
Most of his firm's retiring clients opt to roll their 401(k) savings into an individual retirement account, and they generally want out of their employers' savings plan within 30 days after they stop working, he said.
"I don't know anybody who's left their money at the 401(k), because of the lack of flexibility and quick response time," Byrd said. "[Retirees] also want someone they can talk to face to face."
Finally, in situations where employees are in a plan that uses a group annuity, a rollover could save money on administration and wrap fees, even with the same underlying investments, said Austin A. Frye, founder of Frye Financial Center.
Still, he said that in the years leading up to the rollover, he gets clients used to the fact that though they were once able to take a little more risk with their 401(k) savings, they will have to become more conservative.
"Even in poor markets, you're investing in lower prices, and it lends itself to being a little more aggressive, but when employment ends, we go to something a little more defined and finite," Frye said. "This sum of money is all that there is."
Darla Mercado writes for InvestmentNews, a sister publication of Workforce Management. Comment below or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Stay informed and connected. Get human resources news and HR features via Workforce Management's Twitter feed or RSS feeds for mobile devices and news readers.


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A ski accommodation that can offer both seclusion and a convenient location is truly a diamond in the rough. Sheltered among pine trees and aspen groves, Manor Vail sits just a couple steps away from Vail's Golden Peak base area and Riva Bahn Lift, and is just a couple minute's walk or shuttle ride from Vail Village's lively nightlife and world-class dining.
Featuring studio, 1, 2 and 3 bedroom Vail condominiums, all Manor Vail units offer all the amenities of a full service hotel plus all the perks of staying in a condo, including fully equipped kitchens, living rooms with fireplaces and a private balcony or patio. Families will especially appreciate the spacious living quarters, kitchens for preparing home-cooked meals and the close locale to the Golden Peak Ski School. Getting the kids out the door and on the slopes in the morning is a cinch when staying at Manor Vail.
Guests enjoy beautiful views of Vail Mountain and Gore Creek from the cozy onsite restaurant, The Fitz, or from one of the four outdoor hot tubs or two outdoor, heated pools. After an adventurous day exploring Vail's expansive terrain, relax and rejuvenate with Manor Vail's spa services, including a sauna and steam room.
Offering 25,000 square feet of indoor and outdoor meeting space, Manor Vail Lodge is also an excellent venue for a corporate retreat, conference or event.
Offering ski in ski out access from Lionshead Village and a laundry list of world-class hotel amenities and services, the Arrabelle at Vail Square, A RockResort provides luxurious hotel rooms, suites and 2 to 5 bedroom residential suites for guests looking for spacious living during their ski vacation. The Arrabelle is bedecked in a Tyrolean-inspired exterior and interior, and the Alpine charm excites guests for the ski vacation that awaits.
After a fantastic day on Vail's slopes, soak in the Arrabelle's rooftop hot tub, order room service or tap the knowledgeable concierge desk about dining out and don't-miss bars, shops and events. It's all at your fingertips when staying at the Arrabelle at Vail Square.
Much like the Arrabelle's common spaces, lobby, lounges and restaurants, the rooms, suites and residences feature contemporary Alpine furnishings, elegant décor and top-of-the-line finishes and appliances. In-suite master bathrooms offer luxurious amenities like steam showers, plush robes and slipper. After a long day on the slopes everyone wants to curl up in front of the fireplace and relax. The unit's gas fireplace, flat-screen TVs and DVD players invite you to stay in for the night and take it easy.
The Residences include a gourmet kitchen featuring granite countertops, Viking appliances, hardwood floors and coffered ceilings.
Nestled at the base of Vail Mountain just steps from the ski lifts and in the heart of Vail Village, this legendary resort was the first hotel in Vail. Understated elegance, intimate attention to detail and convenience to Gondola One and Vail Village's top attractions only begin to describe one of the Rocky Mountain's greatest treasures. Renowned for its relaxed atmosphere and impeccable personal service, The Lodge at Vail combines the style and charm of a classic Alpine inn with the warmth of Western hospitality.
Offering 165 luxurious, pet-friendly accommodations, the Lodge at Vail provides 46 residences that range from 1 to 3 bedroom units. There's also handful of 5 and 6 bedroom luxury chalets. Most rooms have balconies and offer a courtyard, poolside, mountain or Vail Village view.
Guests of Lodge at Vail enjoy noshing on the après-ski menu while they warm up next to an outdoor fire pit after a great day on the slopes or unwinding in one of the outdoor hot tubs. Providing convenience and topnotch quality, Elway's and Cucina are the hotel's two onsite restaurants.
Situated in the heart of Vail Village, The Sebastian provides ski in ski out access to Gondola One, and places guests amidst the endless shopping, world-class dining and electric nightlife.
Accommodations range from the Sebastian Classic and Luxury Plaza Hotel Rooms to 4 bedroom Residential Suites. Each room has a beautiful bathroom with exceptional storage for all your bathroom essentials, and offers an abundance of inclusive conveniences like Nespresso™ coffee service, sweet and savory snacks, fresh fruit as well as a mini-refrigerator stocked upon arrival with refreshing beverages.
A skier's dream, The Sebastian provides everything onsite you need for a convenient, luxurious ski vacation, including custom ski equipment fittings and rentals and ski valets. After an active day exploring Vail's impressive amount of ski terrain, guests enjoy taking advantage of the Sebastian's many relaxing amenities, including Bloom Spa, steam room, sauna, heated outdoor pool and four hot tubs. Enjoy après-ski eats and drinks at The Sebastian's onsite restaurant, Leonora, an Alpine bistro and tapas bar.
At the gateway to Vail Village, Four Seasons Resort Vail offers a modern interpretation of a grand Alpine hotel. With 121 guestrooms, 19 Residence Club units and 16 Private Residences, the Resort offers guests amazing mountain views, a signature restaurant, Flame, and full-service spa with 13 treatment rooms.
With the largest guestrooms in all of Vail Valley—each with a soaking tub and a stone fireplace—you may not want to leave the room! When it's time to explore Vail's lively base villages, Four Seasons' guests are steps away from the nightlife, shopping, dining and the renowned après-ski lifestyle Vail is known for. In fact, guests can start their evening out on the town at the recently updated onsite Remedy Bar.
Getting on the slopes is a cinch thanks to the Four Seasons Ski Concierge, which is situated at the base of the Gondola One.
For those whose après-ski exploits are bit quieter, the Four Season's indoor and outdoor hot tubs, eucalyptus-infused steam room, sauna, heated pool, which is flanked by a warming fireplace, provide excellent venues for deep relaxation.
Nestled in the heart of the breathtaking White River National Forest, you'll find some of the best skiing, hiking and kayaking in the world. TheHoliday Inn® Apex Vail located in Vail, Colorado, is in the middle of it all! Not only are we just off I-70, but we also offer a free shuttle in the winter months to nearby Lionshead and Vail Village. We're only 10 miles from Beaver Creek Ski Resort.
If you're lodging with us but can't seem to get away from the office, the free Wi-Fi access is ideal. Check your email near the roaring fire or print out a manuscript in our Business Center. We even have a 2,500-sq-ft meeting room ready to host your next big event.
No matter the time of year, there's always something fun to do in Vail. Our ski resort is near miles of snowmobiling trails and multiple world-renowned ski areas in the winter. The rest of the year, you can enjoy horseback riding, kayaking, hiking, ATV riding and great prices at local shops in Vail and Beaver Creek.
Lodging with us means so much more than a great night's sleep. Dine at one of our three delicious restaurants. Enjoy an outdoor, heated pool, a Fitness Center, hot tub and a steam room, all designed to help you relax. Our massage studio is guaranteed to remove all stress. With pet-friendly rooms and great amenities, it's easy to see why other hotels in Vail, Colorado can't compare.
Situated next to the Covered Bridge on the banks of Gore Creek in the heart of Vail Village. The Austria Haus Hotel is only steps from the new Gondola One, dining, shopping and outdoor venues. Austria Haus Hotel features 25 graciously appointed guestrooms and suites, invoking mountain intimacy and charm. In each bathroom there are heated marble floors. Some rooms also include, step-out or French balconies, and air-conditioning, or you may choose from a combination of these features.Additional amenities at this property also include 24-hour front desk service; valet parking, bell, and concierge staff, library with computer and internet access, heated underground parking; and slope side ski storage and continental breakfast. Let the Austria Haus take care of you on your next ski vacation to Vail and you won't be disappointed.
The Christiana Lodge is located at the base of Vail Mountain and enables guests to enjoy all of the comforts and conveniences of home during their stay in Vail. Providing a truly unique experience, the Christiana Lodge is an ideal ski-in/ski-out accommodation in the Bavarian-styled Vail Village in the heart of sidewalk cafes, restaurants, shops and more.
This well-equipped lodge is located near the Lionshead gondola and the shops and eateries of Vail Village. Amenities include a heated outdoor pool, two cedar saunas, spa tub, ATM, and a game room. The lobby features a lodge-style lounge area with vaulted ceilings, fireplace, and comfortable couches and easy chairs. Banquet and conference facilities are available, and business services are offered at the desk. Guest parking and high-speed Internet access are included with Hotel Service Fee. 128 guestrooms offer pillow top mattresses and down comforters. Other room amenities include mini-refrigerators, oversized closets, hair dryers, irons/ironing boards, desks, and coffeemakers. Some rooms have balconies, and all have mountain or valley views. Evergreen Lodge is home of Altitude Bar & Grill, Vail's top spot to see sporting events and enjoy casual dining.
Nestled along Gore Creek at the Covered Bridge in the Heart of Vail Village, Vail's Mountain Haus offers deluxe condominium and hotel accommodations only steps from World-class skiing, dining and shopping. Vail's Mountain Haus offers premier deluxe condominium and hotel room rentals. Nestled along Gore Creek at the Covered Bridge in the Heart of Vail Village, Vail's Mountain Haus is only steps from everything! The friendly and experienced staff is happy to accommodate your group down to the smallest details. In addition to the amenities listed the Mountain Haus also offers their guests Private Balcony Spacious Living/Dinning Areas, Fully Equipped Kitchens, Equal number of bathrooms to bedrooms, Stereo/TV/VCR/DVD, High Speed Cable Access, 24 Hour Front Desk, Daily Housekeeping Service, Complimentary Continental Breakfast and Complete meeting facilities


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We have all seen on TV and read in the newspapers about people falling out when winning life changing amounts of money.
Some people who win a huge lottery draw can change over-night.
Even the best of friends can succumb to the lure of money.
Keeping things in order and having a clearly written lottery syndicate agreement form, will make things easy to understand and if your group does hit the jackpot then at least you can rest assured that you've done the right thing by entering into a lottery syndicate agreement contract. You'll need a Checklist – To view a checklist please go to the bottom of this page.
Some Lottery Syndicates are Larger than Others.
Some syndicates are just for family and friends while others can be a medium sized company where people come and go. Some may want to enter this weeks draw but not next weeks. You will need the bare minimum entered on your lottery syndicate agreement form to cater for all these circumstances.
The lottery syndicate form is for members only to refer to in the event of a big win.
If you or any other member should go on holiday for a while it would be a good idea to come to an agreement on such things like: Do you pay in advance on a draw or is it stated in the contract you can pay on your return. You need to put these things in writing, otherwise someone could lose out massively.
Download a copy of a lottery syndicate agreement HERE.
Another reason to have a binding agreement is the possible tax implications.
If you are playing in a UK National lottery syndicate or the UK EuroMillions, all the winnings are tax free but if you hit the jackpot, it is quite likely that HM Revenue and Customs will want to see proof by way of a lottery syndicate agreement form/contract.
The good news is, being able to produce an agreement form, which can save you a lot of hassle with things like inheritance tax liabilities.
Do you all want to remain anonymous or are there certain individuals who will want to shout it out from the rooftops? Some people would love to become a star and appear on television and on the front page of all the tabloid newspapers, while others would like to just disappear to the Bahamas or go on a world cruise. Then there are some who will just want to carry on working. Having all members in perfect agreement with a group contract is very important.
Is There a Limit to the Number of Members?
There isn't a limit to the number of members but it makes sense to keep it manageable.
If you intend to set up a lottery syndicate today at your workplace, the obvious people to approach would be your close work colleagues.
Even though you know them well…….Can you rely on them to regularly pay their subscriptions? Will you be chasing them every week for money? Mostly it shouldn't be a hassle and a small group of people can benefit not only from the advantages the syndicate will bring but also from the social point of view.
Size of the lottery syndicate.
Having a very large syndicate can be a lot to handle and of course the larger it is the more the winning have to be shared out.
Should we buy our lottery tickets off line or online?
A lot of people today play online and it has its advantages but if you are collecting cash from the syndicate you'll have to be very organized.
You'll need to either pay all the collected monies into your own back account or set up a group account. This will enable you to buy directly online from a lottery sales agent.
It is quick and safe if you do decide to buy from a large reputable site, such as TheLotter
If you decide to buy from your local shop or supermarket, that's fine but remember when there is a roll-over do your really want to be buying multiple lottery entries and handing over a large amount of money when you've got a long queue behind you? When I'm shopping on a roll-over week the last place I want to be is in a long queue of people playing the EuroMillions.
Online lottery syndicates.
Online lottery syndicates have really taken off in the last 7 years or so. One of the first was e-lottery from Virtual World Direct. They have since gone out of business but have been replaced by companies like: Love My Lotto, You Play We Play, WinTrillions and Big Fat Lottos (BFL is really e-lottery reborn) When you go to their sites, read their terms and conditions as each online syndicate has its own way on how they share winnings.
There are more online syndicates… The ones listed on this site have been tested and proved themselves as being reliable and secure.
Before You Start to Fill in a Lottery Agreement Form Take a Look at this Checklist First.
The Syndicate Managers Name
Someone has to have complete control of buying the lottery tickets, updating the members list if a player decides to leave or if a new member joins. If a new manager is appointed, the form must be update with his name.
Agreement Date
Apart from the start date you'll need to enter the date that each player joins or leaves.
A List of All Participating Players.
This will need to be updated as members join or leave.
Lottery Games That You Will be Playing.
Will it be EuroMillions, the UK Lottery or even an over sees lottery like the US Powerball? (to play in a lottery from another country you'll need to purchase form an online ticket agent)
What Days You Will be Playing a Particular Game.
I.E. Will you be playing the Tuesdays EuroMillions, Fridays or both
How much it will cost for each member placement. Some members may choose to double or treble their payments, meaning if a member purchases 2 placements they will be entitled to 2 payouts if the group wins.
Late Payments
It will need to be clearly stated in the agreement, how long the syndicate is willing to wait for any late payments. You'll need to take into account holidays and sickness etc..,
Dividing the Winnings
This can be a equal share of purchased placements or will you decided to reward the syndicate manager for his/her work?
Do you go public or not? This must be decided early and clearly stated on the lottery syndicate agreement.
There may be extra conditions and you'll need to enter these into the lottery syndicate contract also. Set a list of lottery syndicate rules. This will help no end and can avoid future disagreements. Download a lottery syndicate agreement form.


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Mopar Dodge And Plymouth Muscle Race Cars - Shootout In E-TownWritten by on July 1, 2006 Contributors: Steve Baur Seven Cars Beating The Asphalt In Jersey
We're back to hold a shootout at Raceway Park in Englishtown, New Jersey. For this return engagement, we enlisted the help of two previous shootout participants and their friends-some very enthusiastic Pentastar people. It was a diverse gathering of cars and owners.
This shootout has no trophies, prizes, or winners. It's just a great get-together for a bunch of Mopar maniacs to share stories and information while having fun racing their cars. Kudos to Englishtown for the use of their facilities. we appreciated the help from Primedia coworkers-Jim Campisano, Evan Smith, Steve Baur, and Mike Galimi-for making sure everything went smoothly.
We stayed away from race cars and used only street-driven-type cars that can be enjoyed by the average Mopar fan. The seven owners let us in on their vehicle's total specifications (engine, tuning, drivetrain, suspension, wheels, tires, weight, launch, and shift rpm). We detailed each run's 60-foot times, quarter-mile e.t., and quarter-mile mph. Any of these tested and proven combinations could be duplicated for a similar buildup.
The weather was typical for a November in the northeast (39-42 degrees). Beneficial to the racers was a high rising barometer (30.19 to 30.28) and low humidity of 38-43 percent. These weather conditions enabled those "little blocks" to inhale some air. Even though Englishtown sprayed down some sticky stuff, the cold track surface gave the group (most used street tires) a tough time hooking up. But with the great air conditions, some of the participants ran their best ever e.t.'s. Unfortunately, we had a few mishaps, but that's racing. Read on for all the gore and glory.
Bill Worley
Bill has devoted many years to small-block Six Pack performance. Currently, he works at a Chrysler/Dodge/Jeep dealership and still loves building up performance for the '60s and '70s Mopars. His AAR was purchased from the original owner in 1996 after it was stored for 20 years in a local barn. Many people had asked to buy the 'Cuda, but Bill got the call since the owner knew of Bill's beautiful Challenger T/A. The numbers-matching motor and transmission were put aside for a more powerful 372 small-block combo. The AAR is occasionally driven instead of his T/A (slap stick auto) just to bang gears with that pistol grip.
Strip Specs
Owner: Bill Worley
Year/Model: '70 AAR 'Cuda
Race weight: 3,470
Curb weight: 3,280
Engine: 340, .030 over, 360 crank, 372 ci
Compression ratio: 10.5:1
Heads: X, 915 casting, ported, 2.02/1.60
Intake: Factory six pack
Carbs/Jets: 350, 500, 350 cfm, 72 front, 64 center, 72 rear
Camshaft: Comp Cams solid street roller, .575 lift, 255 duration at .050
Ignition: MP Electronic, 36 degrees at 3,000
Exhaust: 1 7⁄8-inch headers with 3-inch Dynomax Race Magnum mufflers
Trans: A-833 Hemi four-speed, filled with Pro Shift Liberty gears
Clutch: Ram metallic 11-inch
Shifter: Hurst pistol grip
Rear: 8 3⁄4, 4.10 gears
Brakes F/R: Factory disc/drum
Wheels F/R: 15x5, 15x8 Weld Draglites
Tires F/R: 205/75R, 35 psi,/L60s, 14 psi
Shocks F/R: factory
Chassis/Suspension mods: Adj. pinion snubber
Safety mods: driveshaft loop
Interior mods: Stock w/shift light
Paint: Original Lemon Twist
Best e.t. prior to event: 11.46 at 119.00
|Strip Tuning Log-AAR 'Cuda
|Launch RPM
|Shift RPM
|1. Baseline, spun tires
|12.19 @ 117.88
|2. Heated tires, spun less
|11.95 @ 117.72
|3. Left softer, slipped clutch
|11.86 @ 119.49
|4. Slipped clutch
|11.71 @ 118.58
|5. Changed jets {{{80}}}, 74, 80
|11.46 @ 119.72
|6. Trans broke
|12.91 @ 78.93
Tom Cannon
Tom purchased his Challenger from Bill Worley about 10 years ago. When he was a teenager, Tom liked to hang out in Bill's garage learning about Mopars. Tom tells us it was Bill and his T/A that paved the way for him to indulge in the F.A.S.T. class of racing. Tom's F.A.S.T. Challenger (416 ci) is quick, going 11.57 at 123. That makes his T/A the baddest small-block car in that class. He doesn't consider his car a race car or a single purpose machine. Taking the T/A out on cruise night or down to the ice cream stand is always a pleasure.
Strip Specs
Owner: Tom Cannon
Year/Model: '70 T/A Challenger
Race weight: 3,490
Curb weight: 3,290
Compression ratio: 13:1
Heads: X, No. 915 casting, ported, 2.02/1.60 valves
Intake: Factory Six Pack
Carbs/Jets: 350, 500, 350 cfm, 72 front, 64 center, 72 rear
Camshaft: Comp solid roller, .550 lift, 244 duration at .050
Ignition: MP Electronic, timing 36 degrees at 3,000
Exhaust: Manifolds with 2 1⁄2-inch X-pipe, Dynomax Super Turbo mufflers
Trans: Aluminum case A-833, four-speed
Clutch: Advanced Clutches adj. multi-disc
Shifter: Hurst pistol grip w/positive stops
Rear: 8 3⁄4, 4.10 gears
Brakes F/R: Factory disc/drum
Wheels F/R: Factory 15x7 steelies
Tires F/R: F60 40 psi, G60 35 psi
Shocks F/R: 90/10s, adj. QA1
Chassis/Suspension mods: Adj. pinion snubber
Safety mods: Driveshaft loop
Interior mods: Stock
Paint: Hemi Orange
Best e.t. prior to event: 11.57 at 123
|Strip Tuning Log--T/A Challenger
Launch RPM
Shift RPM
|1. Slipped clutch,
|13.35 @ 108.89
|2. Same, less bog
|12.89 @ 108.76
|3. Dumped clutch (spun)
|12.93 @ 110.29
|4. Slipped clutch
|12.70 @ 108.74
|5. Dumped clutch (spun)
|12.77 @ 111.13
|6. Slipped clutch
|12.44 @ 110.51
Barry Conrad
Back in 1987, Barry picked up a Petty Blue '72 Demon 340 for $1,700. After a year of daily driving, he decided it was time to restore his Demon and paint it Plum Crazy. During the restoration, its numbers-matching 340 was rebuilt and reworked to be a strong street/strip contender. Through the years the Demon has done well at show-and-go events, such as the Musclecar Nationals and NMCA events. Demons were only built for two years and Barry's is a real 340 car (most were Slant Sixes and 318 cars). Future plans call for a 416 stroker and a return to the original Petty Blue hue.
Strip Specs
Owner: Barry Conrad
Year/Model: '72 Demon
Race weight: 3,378
Curb weight: 3,210
Engine: 340, .030 over
Compression ratio: 10.5:1
Heads: J 915 casting, bowl ported with 2.02/1.60-inch valves
Intake: MP M1 single plane
Carb/Jets: 750 Holley vacuum secondary, jets No.72 primary, No.76 secondary
Cam: Comp solid flat 529 lift, .254 at .050 duration
Ignition: MP electronic with 36 degrees at 2,800 rpm
Exhaust: 1 5⁄8-inch Hooker headers with 3-inch Flowmasters
Trans: 904 w/reverse manual valvebody
Converter: TCI 10 inch, 3,500 stall
Rear: 8 3⁄4, 4.10 gears
Brakes: F/R: Factory disc/drum
Wheels F/R: 15x6,15x8 Weld Draglites
Tires F/R: 215/70R, 35 psi, G-60, 15 psi
Shocks F/R: 90/10, 50/50
Chassis/Suspension mods: Adj. pinion snubber
Safety mods: Adj. pinion snubber
Interior mods: Stock (black)
Paint: Plum Crazy
Best e.t. prior to event: 12.86 at 106
|Strip Tuning Log-Demon 340
|Launch RPM
|Shift RPM
|1. 3 sec. burnout
|13.45 @ 103.19
|2. 5-sec. burnout
|13.24 @ 102.70
|3. 4-sec. burnout
|13.36 @ 103.34
|4. 7-sec. burnout
|13.10 @ 103.02
|5. 7-sec. burnout
|13.16 @ 103.87
|6. remove spare/jack
|13.10 @ 104.08
|7. Change to {{{80}}} sec.jets
|12.77 @ 106.14
Dave Verna
When Dave was 17, he found this '66 Barracuda resting in a local backyard and bought it for only $500. The 'Cuda began life as a baby blue Slant Six car. Dave and his dad rebuilt the early A-Body over the course of five years. The suspension, disc brakes, and 811/44 rear were salvaged from a '74 Dart and rebuilt with poly bushings. A lightly modified 318 resided between the fenders until two years ago when a mild, yet radical looking, tunnel-ram 360 took its place. With two 390-cfm Holleys and 3.23 gears, Dave drives his ride "all over the place," averaging 14 mpg.
Strip Specs
Owner: Dave Verna Jr.
Year/Model: '66 Barracuda
Race weight: 3,470
Curb weight: 3,300
Engine: '78 360, .030 over
Compression ratio: 9.4:
Heads: No. 587 castings, stock 1.88/1.60
Intake: Edelbrock tunnel-ram
Carbs/Jets: 2-390-cfm Holleys, 52 jets
Camshaft: MP Hyd with .474 lift and .280 advertised duration
Ignition: MP Electronic with 36 degrees at 2,600
Exhaust: Spitfire shorty headers w/2 1⁄2-inch head pipes, 2-inch full exhaust
Trans: 904 w/B&M Transpak
Converter: MP 175K, 2,500 stall
Rear: 8 1⁄4, 3.23 Sure Grip
Brakes F/R: '74 A-Body disc/drum
Wheels F/R: 14x5.5 Rallyes
Tires F/R: 205/70R 40 psi, 245/60R 20 psi, 26x8.5 slicks 18 psi
Shocks: KYB gas
Chassis/Suspension mods: '74 A-body K-member w/S6 T-bars, SS leaf springs, pinion snubber
Safety mods: Driveshaft loop
Interior mods: Black vinyl seats/door panels, all metal sprayed Plum Crazy
Exterior mods: Hillborn scoop
Paint: Plum Crazy
Best e.t. prior to event: 13.3 at 102 uncorked
|Strip Tuning Log-'66 Cuda
|Launch RPM
|Shift RPM
|1. Street tires
|14.34 @ 99.20
|2. Street tires
|14.11 @ 98.30
|3. Slicks-20psi
|13.59 @ 99.89
|4. Slicks-18 psi, open head.
|13.93 @ 104.35
Moe Keys
About three years ago, Moe heard about an all-original Duster 340 that was available and just had to have it. After owning big block B-Bodies most of his life, this LA-motored A-Body was a welcome change. The small-block has remained quiet (stock manifolds and mufflers) so Moe can go out cruising with his wife and 7-year-old son. Moe tells us, "my big-block cars are loud enough." The bone-stock 340 ran numbers representative of the typical A-Body back in the day.
Strip Specs
Owner: Moe Keys
Year/Model: '70 Duster 340
Race weight: 3,470
Curb weight: 3,240
Engine: Stock 340 with 74,000 miles
Compression ratio: 10.5:1
Heads: J 915 casting with 2.02/1.60
Intake: Stock
Carb/Jets: Stock AVS four-barrel
Camshaft: MP Hyd .430-inch lift and .252-degrees advertised duration
Ignition: MP Electronic with 36 degrees at 3,000 rpm
Exhaust: manifolds, full 2 1⁄4-inch exhaust and OEM-style mufflers
Trans: stock 727 TorqueFlite
Converter: Factory hi-stall 10-inch
Rear: 8 3⁄4, 4.10s
Brakes F/R: Stock disc/drum
Wheels F/R: Rallyes 14x511/42, 14x8
Tires F/R: 195/75R 50 psi, L-60 18 psi
Chassis/Suspension mods: Frame connectors, SS leaf springs
Interior mods: None, black w/silver
Exterior mods: Fiberglass hood w/six pack scoop
Paint: Lime Light
Best e.t. prior to event: N/A
|Strip Tuning Log-Duster 340
|Launch RPM
|Shift RPM
|1. Some tire spin
|14.38 @ 93.{{{90}}}
|2. 20 min. cooldown, tire spin
|14.28 @ 94.47
|3. More tire spin
|14.46 @ 94.26
|4. Removed spare/jack
|14.36 @ 95.54
|5. Better hook, still spun
|14.25 @ 94.88
|6. Floored it too soon
|14.40 @ 95.90
|7. Slower stomp, best hook
|14.13 @ 95.72
Jim Blackmore
Jim loves performance Pentastars so much he named his dog Mopar. When the opportunity arrived in 1989 to purchase a factory four-speed, bench-seat, ragtop Dart for only $650, Jim jumped at it. The drop-top Dart GT was restored in time for the '92 Mopar Nats, where it was raced as well as shown. During the restoration, the original 318 was replaced with a '73 340 rebuilt to earlier 340 high-compression specifications. Jim says he drives his pride and joy about 1,500 miles a year.
Strip Specs
Owner: Jim Blackmore
Year/Model: '68 Dart GT convertible
Race weight: 3,550
Curb weight: 3,370
Engine: '73 340 .030-inch over
Compression ratio: 10.0:1
Heads: J 915 castings, bowl ported
Intake: Edelbrock Performer
Carb/Jets: 650 Holley double pumper, 76 primary, 80 secondary
Camshaft: Crane hyd with .474 lift, 292 advertised duration
Ignition: MP Electronic with 34 degrees at 2,500
Exhaust: Manifolds with 2 1⁄2-inch exhaust
Trans: A-833 four-speed
Clutch: Stock 10 1⁄2-inch
Shifter: Hurst Competition Plus
Rear: 8 3⁄4, 3.23 Sure Grip
Brakes F/R: 10-inch drums
Wheels F/R: 14x5 Rallye
Tires F/R: 235/60R, 50 psi, 28 psi
Shocks F/R: Stock
Safety mods: Driveshaft loop
Interior mods: Stock bench (blue)
Exterior mods: GTS hood
Paint: Light Blue Metalic
Best e.t. prior to event: 14.90 at 95 mph
|Strip Tuning Log-'68 Dart GT {{{Convertible}}}
|Launch RPM
|Shift RPM
|1. {{{100}}}-mph pass
|14.12 @ 100.47
|2. Tire spin
|14.24 @ 99.48
|3. Still spinning
|14.60 @ 97.85
|4. Less spin, missed Second gear
|14.81 @ 96.70
Jeff West
Jeff was born with Mopar blood running through his veins. His father worked as a mechanic at a Mopar dealership from the early '60s into the '90s. A passion for Pentastar cars came early to Jeff, and he owned a few nice E-Bodies ('70 Challenger R/T, '71 'Cuda) before he was even of driving age. a year ago, a coworker told Jeff about a Challenger that was owned by a guy whose wife had put him into credit card debt, forcing a fast sale. A deal was made for only $9,700 for the Go Mango beauty. considering E-Body prices these days, we say, "what a deal!"
Strip Specs
Owner: Jeff West
Year/Model: '70 Challenger
Race weight: 3,740
Curb weight: 3,500
Engine: '71 340 .030-inch over
Compression ratio:10.5:1
Heads: J 915 castings with 2.02/1.60 valves
Intake: Edelbrock Performer RPM
Carb/Jets: 750 Holley vacuum secondary, 74 primary, 78 secondary jets
Camshaft: MP .484 lift, 284 advertised duration
Ignition: MP Electronic with 36 degrees advance at 2,500
Exhaust: Hedman 1 5⁄8-inch headers with 2 1⁄4-inch stock-style mufflers
Trans: '70 727
Converter: 10-inch B&M 2,800 stall
Shifter: Stock slap stick
Rear: 8 3⁄4, 3.91
Brakes F/R: 10-inch drums
Wheels F/R: 15x7 Magnum 500s
Tires F/R: 215/70R 50 psi, 255/60R 20 psi
Shocks: Stock
Chassis/Suspension mods: Pinion snubber
Safety mods: driveshaft loop
Interior mods: Stock (black)
Exterior mods: R/T hood and stripes
Paint: Go Mango
Best e.t. prior to event: 14.22 at 96.1
|Strip Tuning Log--70 Challenger
|Launch RPM
|Shift RPM
|1. Baseline
|14.19 @ 97.07
|2. Air cleaner off, more spin
|14.21 @ 96.85
|3. Nitrous sprayed it, broke it
At The Track
With the help of two former shootout veterans, Moe Keys and Bill Worley, we were able to organize this shootout before E-Town closed for the winter. This get-together happened on the track's last day before shutting off their timing equipment. Even though there was cold weather and less than optimal track conditions, we had a diverse group of gearheads willing to beat-on and track-tune their cars.
On the night before the event, Tom Cannon was busy pulling out the 416 that served in three years of F.A.S.T. class competition because he discovered a 55-percent leakdown in the number three cylinder. he installed his old high-compression (13:1) 340. His old motor was used in the T/A before the F.A.S.T. class racing took off. On that swap night, a new adjustable multi-disc clutch was put in place. For the first pass, Tom forgot the 340 (less low-end power) liked to be launched at 1,500 rpms higher than the 416. Tom tells us he wishes he had more time to adjust the clutch and practice his launch technique. Still, running 12s at over 111 mph on Polyglass street tires through restrictive manifolds with only 340 cubes is mighty impressive.
More Photos From This Article View Slideshow
The inseparable pair of Jim Blackmore and his drop-top Dart GT have had the time of their life since 1989. The duo hadn't hit the strip since spinning tires to high 14s back in 1992. 'I love this gathering with a bunch of Mopar folks, the best kind of people I know," Jim said. Inactivity and a cold track didn't stop the pair from producing their best performance ever: a 14.12 at 100.47. On the fourth pass with their best holeshot, missing second gear slowed them to a high 14. Next, a leaky water pump developed and put them out of action. The coolant leak prevented the capable convertible from a possible 13-second quarter-mile on their great day out.Barry Conrad was anxious to attend this shootout. It had been three years since Barry and his Demon dashed down the strip. Barry took advantage of his track time by progressively heating the tires and jetting up (richer) the carb for the cold conditions. Removing stuff out of the trunk, along with the spare and jack, also added to lower e.t.'s. All his efforts paid off when his Demon delivered its best-ever pass of 12.77 at 106.14.Even though Moe Keys has traveled the 1320 over a thousand times, he had his best day ever at the track. As far as Moe knows, this was the first time his Lime Light A-Body has ever made any quarter-mile passes. Moe said, "With better hook, I could have gotten it into the 13s." Like the others in this shootout, Moe realized if you use slicks, you might break parts. He said, "That's a risk I'm afraid to take with this original drivetrain car."The cold track caused traction problems for Dave Verna in his cool '66 Plum Crazy 'Cuda. On his first pass with street tires (only 25-inch diameter), low 14s weren't cutting it. Dave said, "My car usually runs 13s on street tires through the exhaust." For the third pass, a pair of 26x8.5-14 slicks were mounted for increased traction. The slicks help lower the e.t. to 13.59 at 99.89. this was Dave's lowest e.t. through the restrictive 2-inch exhaust system. Uncorked, the bad little A-Body's best-ever e.t. was a 13.3 at 102. Forgetting that E-town had noise restrictions, Dave uncapped his headers and ran a tractionless (2.63 60-ft) 13.93 at 104.35. That run set off the decibel meter alarm and stopped Dave's sweet '66 from making anymore runs for the day.When you consider the stock appearance (except headers) of Bill Worley's AAR 'Cuda, it flat out runs. Bill set aside the original 340 for a 372 combo (360 crank, .030-inch over 340) he's been known for building long before the now popular 4-inch stroker cranks came into the picture. Back in the '90s, we were blown away when his stock-looking Challenger T/A was running 11s. As you can see in his tuning log, driving and tuning efforts lower the e.t.'s on each pass. Unfortunately, Third and Fourth gear let go on the sixth pass of the day. Without the transmission misfortune, we're sure Bill's AAR could have ran low 11s.


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Spring 2016 Quick LinksSchedule of Classes
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Welcome the Women of Color in the U.S.A. course! This course is a reflective and informative look at the plight of women in the
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Always include a subject line and use only basic fonts. Do not send large attachments (>200 KB) without permission.
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The course will explore the historical and present day issues from women in the U.S. inclusive of but not limited to key topics such
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