text:
|Dragon softball headed to State
|Written by Brenda Johnson Brandt
Lady Dragon softball team members carved a notch in HHS history Saturday, Oct. 16 when they qualified for the 3A State Softball tournament with a decisive 19-6 win over Yuma.
This marks the first State appearance for an HHS softball team, and is a huge accomplishment for the Lady Dragons.
The girls advance to the top 16 in the state, playing Valley Friday, Oct. 22 at 12:15 p.m. at the Aurora Sports Park in Aurora.
"It was truly a team effort," said coach Ashley Clayton when the Dragons won the District 4 ball game in Limon Saturday.
The game ended on a thrilling grand slam from Marci Vasa as she scored Chandler Gerk, Marlee Boehm and Makenzie Ault, as well as herself.
"All year long, the girls have been instructed to be relentless and to not look back," said coach Clayton. "This game was truly an example of the tremendous amount of determination and fight they carry inside of them," she added.
While Holyoke had a rough second inning, they came right back at the Indians and never let their guard down, praised the coach.
"I couldn't be more proud of them, and I am very excited they are getting to experience the results of all their hard work,"added Clayton.
Holyoke took a 2-0 first-inning lead over Yuma Saturday, but trailed 2-5 after two. Keeping their focus on the state tournament goal, the Dragons managed four runs in the third and four in the fifth inning for a comfortable 10-5 lead.
In a solid sixth-inning effort, the local girls ran nine runners across home plate, then held Yuma to one run to end the game 19-6 in six innings.
Ashley Campbell went the distance on the mound, pitching six strike-outs and three bases on balls. She allowed five hits and six runs, and had five errors.
Ault and Vasa both hit home runs in the district ball game, while Chandler Gerk hit a single and Macey Pierce and Campbell each hit a double.
Vasa, Pierce and Ault each had three hits; Campbell and Chandler Gerk had two apiece; and Laura Gerk, Karci Lockwood and Boehm each had one hit.
Vasa, Pierce and Chandler Gerk managed four RBI; Lockwood had two; and Laura Gerk, Ault and Jordan Zeiler each had one. Pierce had one stolen base.
"I am so excited for the girls. It couldn't have happened to a better group of kids," said coach Clayton.
In first-round districts Saturday, Burlington defeated Wray 12-2 and Yuma topped Akron 11-5. Burlington advanced to the state top-16 with a 5-4 upset of #1-seeded Limon in Saturday's districts.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Speedwell Coffee: Small Batch Roasting
Store Profile
- Location: Plymouth, MA and online
- Specialty: Organic freshly roasted whole bean specialty coffee.
- Price range: ($$) Mid-Range
- Website: speedwellcoffee.com
Store History
- Founded: 2008
- Founded by: Derek Anderson
- Headquarters: Plymouth, MA
It sounds cliche, but it must be said, that we begin by sourcing the highest quality specialty coffee that we can find, and small batch roast each varietal with discipline. When we blend origins, which is not all that often, we believe in post-roast blending, as it allows each of the individual origins to reach their optimal flavor and aromatic potential. All of Speedwell coffee is roasted and packaged by hand, allowing us to ensure quality throughout our entire process.
I first came across Speedwell Coffee Co. while working at SoWA last summer. What really caught my attention was that they convinced my three-creamers-two-packs-of-sugar- please boyfriend to try his coffee black—and he loved it. "When coffee is this good you really don't need to put anything in it!" he proclaimed...an idea I've actively been trying to sell him on for the last year.
What makes their coffee so good? You could start with the carefully selected and roasted beans the company starts with. The company creates their organic specialty coffees by small batch roasting individual varietals. They are also big believers in the Chemex coffee system with a slow pour kettle to bring out the best in the coffee. They brew individual cups onsite at SoWA (with the warning, "this'll take a few minutes") and the equipment is available through their online shop.
Speedwell was founded by Derek Anderson who set out to make a career out of his love of coffee. Since taking an roasting apprenticeship with a Manchester, NH roaster in 2002, he's worked in nearly every aspect of the business before starting Speedwell in 2008. You can purchase their coffee online or enjoy their brew in select Boston cafes.
Images: Speedwell Coffee


text:
Tuesday, February 9, 2010
Student Papers
In this paper, I will argue that the mind is identical to the body, but not the other way around.
Simple. Beautiful. Classic.
47 comments:
First line of a paper on abortion:
"People have been having children for many generations."
- February 10, 2010 at 12:12 AM
"Descartes believed that cripples and retards don't have souls."
- February 10, 2010 at 12:34 AM
- NameLevelPhilosopher said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- February 10, 2010 at 12:44 AM
- OklahomaExile said...
My favorite was a trifecta, a hat trick of bad writing. A "since the beginning of time," a dictionary definition, and a rhetorical question as sentences one, two, and three. I put down my red pen and got a stiff(er) drink after reading that one.
- February 10, 2010 at 12:48 AM
"Morals always come from previous generations, but this cannot be the case. This is overlooked by many people when they talk about ethics."
- February 10, 2010 at 12:53 AM
- KTF said...
"In Hume's great novel, 'A Treatise of Human Nature,...'"
- February 10, 2010 at 1:40 AM
"Utilitarianism is the view that the right action is the one that produces the most pressure"
From an exam.
- February 10, 2010 at 8:20 AM
"Utilitarianism is the view that the right action is the one that produces the most pressure"
From an exam.
- February 10, 2010 at 8:21 AM
Aristotle got into pony-play? Way to bury the lede Spiros.
- February 10, 2010 at 9:12 AM
This is from a paper I referreed for a top philosophy of science journal, on Hume's 'child-burning-hand' thought experiment:
"That very child might soon come across a bong fire and, though he has never had the experience of pain from a bong fire or the experience of a bong fire at all, he might deduce from his prior hypothesis that the flame of a bong fire causes pain if touched"
Stay away from the bong fire, kids.
- February 10, 2010 at 9:12 AM
It's like, maybe there are no causes, and one thing just happens and, like, another one happens...
- February 10, 2010 at 9:41 AM
- The Brooks Blog said...
A classic line, indeed. I am intrigued on how the rest worked...
I am reminded of an exam in philosophy of religion about an apple, claiming:
"[. . .] If the apple knew where to be placed [e.g., in the doorway of the only existing object in California after a catastrophic earthquake], then the Apple is All-Knowing. If the Apple was powerful enough to keep the door frame from crashing down, then the Apple is All-Powerful. If the Apple is All-Knowing and All-Powerful, THEN THE APPLE IS GOD.
Have a great summer."
- February 10, 2010 at 9:56 AM
- Tim O'Keefe said...
Folks interested in Aristotle's (sadly, apocryphal) pony-play can look here.
- February 10, 2010 at 10:16 AM
In a paper against same sex marriage, I had a student write, "To a Christian, sex is between two couples."
I also once had a student who was convinced that "Since before the beginning of time, man has wondered whether Descartes's dream argument was sound."
A colleague once showed me a student paper claiming "Life begins at contraception."
- February 10, 2010 at 10:20 AM
From Intro to Ethics course exam:
"An abort is killing of a small person; euthanasia is killing of a big person."
- February 10, 2010 at 10:28 AM
Replace "is identical to" with
"supervenes on" and you get a widely held view. Not that I recommend charitible interpretation where student papers are concerned. That we can grade papers at all shows Davidson was wrong about radical interpretation.
One of my faves on this very topic:
Nagel's objection to physicalism is that someone could know about "cats" without seeing a "cat".
- February 10, 2010 at 10:31 AM
Did anyone notice this gem at the beginning of the press release for the grant Al Mele got from the Templeton Foundation (http://www.fsu.com/News/Do-we-have-free-will-FSU-philosopher-awarded-4.4M-grant-to-find-out)?
"Since the beginning of time, philosophers, scientists and theologians have sought to find out whether human beings have free will or whether other forces are at work to control our actions, decisions and choices."
- February 10, 2010 at 11:56 AM
- Robert Lane said...
In two different papers on euthanasia (same class, same semester): "Jack was dying in the cancer ward with a melodrama in his stomach." And "Life is a fist from God."
- February 10, 2010 at 12:46 PM
(Roughly from memory, from a friend in grad school's grading) "Despite what Plato taught, people are not in fact generally born in caves."
- February 10, 2010 at 1:01 PM
""Despite what Plato taught, people are not in fact generally born in caves.""
That's brilliant.
I have a bunch of the "From the beginning of time..." papers, my favorite being, "From the beginning of time, philosophers have argued about abortion"
In grad school, we eavesdropped while one of our professors explained to an undergraduate why he was failing:
Prof: You spell color with a 'u'
Student: I did?
Prof: You used the word 'betwixt'
Student: I did? (Sounding slightly more defeated)
Prof: You copied the passage on the missing shade of blue to hand in as your paper on the missing shade of blue.
Student: I did? (Sounding ever slightly more defeated)
One of my favorites: Student defends hunting on these grounds that, "the amount of pleasure I would derive from shooting a deer vastly outweighs the amount of suffering it would endure from being shot."
Oh, and I can't tell you how many times I get papers arguing that Thomson's violinist argument fails to show that a woman sometimes has the right to abort because women choose to have sex. ('With the rapist?', I ask. Sounds like something from The Life of Brian.)
- February 10, 2010 at 1:32 PM
sometimes these kinds of lists make the proffie who put the item there look like the dumbass.
exhibit a:
"the amount of pleasure I would derive from shooting a deer vastly outweighs the amount of suffering it would endure from being shot."
Now why is that a howler? And why is a favorite? Is it that utilitarianism is obviously false? As in, "you won't believe this, one my students is a UTILITARIAN, bwhaahahahahah. ! dumbass!!11!!1!1!"
Or is it that he doesn't really enjoy hunting? "You won't believe this, one of my students thinks he enjoys HUNTING bwahahahahaha!111!!"
Or is it a howler because this kid thinks he can weigh the pleasures he derives from an action against the suffering had on the other end? Notice of course that this is just another way of thinking that utilitarianism (one version of it anyway) is outrageous. "Bwhahahaha dumbasss pleasure measureres!!1!!!11"
Or is it that it is just obviously false that the pleasure gained from hunting could outweigh bambi's pain? Might be false but it ain't obvious. And it certainly ain't obvious enough to warrant putting the line on the same list as the cartesian view of cripples and retards.
Side note: Will palin now demand that descartes be fired?
- February 10, 2010 at 1:58 PM
I suspect that you missed the 'dumbass proffie''s point. Think again.
- February 10, 2010 at 2:33 PM
"Since the dawn of time, man has wondered whether computers can think."
(graded by a colleague in grad school)
Also, correct me if I'm wrong, but I thought Thompson's violinist argument was supposed to show that a woman could have an abortion in all cases in which she didn't choose to become pregnant (precisely because she didn't choose to become pregnant)? In which case, perhaps the students are arguing contra Thompson that abortion is impermissible in those cases in which she chose to have sex (knowing it might cause pregnancy)? You may disagree, but it's certainly not a silly argument. Or maybe I'm misunderstanding you.
- February 10, 2010 at 2:38 PM
All time favorite lead-in (the Blade Runner topic was intended to be the "fun" one):
"After watching Blade Runner, I realized it was very in depth and required too much thinking for me to understand what was going on and what the concept was. So instead, I chose to write about John Stuart Mill and his Greatest Happiness Principle and the Harm Principle."
- February 10, 2010 at 2:51 PM
"Also, correct me if I'm wrong, but I thought Thompson's violinist argument was supposed to show that a woman could have an abortion in all cases in which she didn't choose to become pregnant (precisely because she didn't choose to become pregnant)?"
I don't think the violinist argument is supposed to be taken that way. I think all it's supposed to show is that abortions are sometimes permissible even if we assume the fetus has rights.
The 'people seeds' argument would probably be a closer fit.
- February 10, 2010 at 3:01 PM
Anonymous 1:32 and/or 2:33,
I also don't get the utilitarianism joke. Is it something about the inductive basis of the argument? I know jokes aren't as funny when you have to explain them, but ... I would appreciate a little help on this one.
- February 10, 2010 at 3:19 PM
Incidentally, I really appreciated a student of mine referring to Hume as an evolutionary psychologist.
- February 10, 2010 at 3:22 PM
- Paul Gowder said...
I'm pretty sure life is a fist from god.
Also, I want to know what kind of rec the bong fire paper got.
- February 10, 2010 at 3:34 PM
The question on an exam was: Does the existence of AI provide support for view view that humans are purely physical?
One of the essays started out as follows:
"Since the invention of the Nintendo game controller in the 1980's, scientists have been increasingly worried that computers will take over the world..."
The same student appealed to John Searle's famous "Chinese Broom Argument" to answer the question. (The example involved the manipulation of a broom.)
- February 10, 2010 at 6:04 PM
The "most entertaining student sentences" thread in the discussion fora of the Chronicle is a great way to waste a few minutes.
Life may well be a fist from God, but my university's Career Services center insists that "having an internship the key to getting your fist job after graduation." Maybe it's a typo -- a painful, perverted typo -- but on the other hand, maybe those folks are savvier than I give them credit for: jobs are scarce in this economy, and the sexual services industry is said to be recession-proof.
- February 10, 2010 at 6:56 PM
""the amount of pleasure I would derive from shooting a deer vastly outweighs the amount of suffering it would endure from being shot.""
There's something perversely funny about a girl handing in the paper where the argument is simply: I really, really, really like to shoot things so John Stuart Mill says that's what I should do. Bullet in the stomach is bad, no doubt, but it doesn't compare to the pleasure derived from putting it there. [I'll bracket the point that utilitarianism doesn't say if S1 derives more pleasure from A-ing than S2 suffers as a result, it tells S1 to A. It's a function of the value of the options available to S1 and it hardly follows from this fact (which is just obviously not a fact) about pleasure derived and pain caused that the option that consists of shooting a deer is optimific.]
As for Thomson and the violinist, here's a passage that is suggestive:
"In this case, of course, you were kidnapped, you didn't volunteer for the operation that plugged the violinist into your kidneys. Can those who oppose abortion on the ground I mentioned make an exception for a pregnancy due to rape? Certainly. They can say that persons have a right to life only if they didn't come into existence because of rape; or they can say that all persons have a right to life, but that some have less of a right to life than others, in particular, that those who came into existence because of rape have less. But these statements have a rather unpleasant sound. Surely the question of whether you have a right to life at all, or how much of it you have, shouldn't turn on the question of whether or not you are a product of a rape. And in fact the people who oppose abortion on the ground I mentioned do not make this distinction, and hence do not make an exception in case of rape.
Nor do they make an exception for a case in which the mother has to spend the nine months of her pregnancy in bed. They would agree that would be a great pity, and hard on the mother; but all the same, all persons have a right to life, the fetus is a person, and so on. I suspect, in fact, that they would not make an exception for a case in which, miraculously enough, the pregnancy went on for nine years, or even the rest of the mother's life."
As for the paper, the student just missed that Thomson was using the example to show that the extreme view didn't hold up and that at the very least an exception in the case of rape would be consistent with the assumption that the fetus is a person with the same sorts of rights that persons have. At any rate, arguing that her example fails to show that _sometimes_ women have the right to abort would mean that she failed to show that a woman has the right to abort in the case of rape. The claim was that her violinist case failed because women choose to have sex. Which is true. Sometimes. Rarely in the case of rape, however. Which is what the violinist case was originally intended to cover. Fwiw. Sorry, this is something stressed in lecture so maybe you had to be there for it to be funny. Or, maybe not. Students don't think the F is funny.
- February 10, 2010 at 7:39 PM
- Tim O'Keefe said...
Not a direct quotation, but a paraphrase a friend related to me:
"The preSocratics were pretty primitive and unsystematic thinkers. This is shown by the fact that they wrote in fragments."
- February 10, 2010 at 8:56 PM
My favorite: "John Stuart Mill was an indispensable English philosopher." That's just cute.
Also I liked the email in which I was asked for an "extinction."
I'm a philosopher, so I can't help giving my two cents on the Thomson question. I think the students are getting at something important, not missing something (though I didn't read the papers, so maybe I'm all wrong).
Anyway: the violinist case and the Henry Fonda case (in which I need the touch of his hand on my fevered brow in order to live) are supposed to establish that there is no straightforward "right to life" of the kind that the extreme view assumes—that it's absurd to hold that in any conceivable circumstance, I have a right to WHATEVER I happen to need in order to live.
Once this is admitted, we can then ask whether the circumstance in which I am a fetus and I need to be carried in someone's body for nine months is a circumstance in which I have the right to what I happen to need to live. The series of people-seed cases is supposed to suggest that I do not—that a woman's consent to sex has not given me, the fetus, an automatic right to the use of her body should I show up in there. What I need to live is something she may choose to grant me, but she may also decline.
I've found, though, that a lot of students disagree with Thomson's intuitions about the people-seed cases. That is, they accept that there is no straightforward right to life, but they think that if a woman/couple is unwilling to get rid of the "comfy furniture" (i.e. abstain from sex), then they do assume responsibility for any people-seeds (fetuses) that pop up, even if protection was used. They think, in other words, that consensual hetero intercourse is a permission-granting act—that the woman, at least, implicitly agrees to accept the burden of providing a fetus with whatever it needs to live.
For people with this intuition, the violinist case is sort of irrelevant insofar as it is understood to establish that there is no automatic or straightforward right to life. If having consensual intercourse is a WAY of granting a potential fetus the right to whatever it needs to live, then it doesn't matter one way or the other that there are other situations in which someone might have no right to what they need to live.
Whether that's ultimately defensible is, of course, debatable. But perhaps that's what the students are getting at when they argue that the violinist argument fails because women consent to sex.
Or maybe I'm being way too charitable.
- February 10, 2010 at 8:58 PM
- Chris Tucker said...
I give students the possible essay topics before hand. Nonetheless, on a Kantian ethics essay question worth 50% of the students grade, the student writes:
"According to Kant, consequences don't mean shit."
That was all. At least he got that much right.
- February 10, 2010 at 8:58 PM
"Everybody's always rambling on about Extrastentialism, but I'm pretty sure that I'm the only one in this class who really gets it."
- February 10, 2010 at 9:42 PM
My all time favorite: "The question that ponders the wise." I had a pretty funny one last semester, "The statistics are difficult to copulate." LOL!
- February 10, 2010 at 11:23 PM
There was once an awesome paper on libertarianism that covered Chisholm's agent-causalism and the awesomeness of making soap and rope from hemp for an intro to philosophy class. I wish there was still a copy of that to post.
- February 10, 2010 at 11:24 PM
all you big fancy profs should be ashamed by making fun of your students like this. how are you any better?
- February 10, 2010 at 11:31 PM
Who said we were better? You think they don't have a laugh at our expense? You think we can't have a laugh at the expense of an equal or a superior?
- February 11, 2010 at 12:29 AM
Anon 1:32. 'Colour' is in fact spelled with a 'u'.
- February 11, 2010 at 5:12 AM
"Anon 1:32. 'Colour' is in fact spelled with a 'u'."
Strange, I thought "color" was spelled without a "u."
Maybe both statements are true.
Surely 1:32 was reporting on a Prof. in the US illustrating to a student how she knew that the student had plagiarized.
- February 11, 2010 at 7:26 AM
"Bullet in the stomach is bad, no doubt, but it doesn't compare to the pleasure derived from putting it there."
did the kid say she enjoyed shooting deer in the stomach? When I went hunting with deniro up in PA right after that wedding, he taught us to go for the shoulder right behind the neck. One shot.
(An alternative but equally effective method is to put one in the cylinder of a revolver, spin it around and shout "diggy mao!!!" at the deer while your buddies place bets.)
[And I'll bracket the point that the never shoot a deer option generates a lot of unhappy faces for all those folks who love to shoot deer (in the shoulder) and all those folks in the gun industry and palin.]
- February 11, 2010 at 9:10 AM
A friend showed me a paper he was grading in which a student was defending abortion by claiming, at the bottom of a page in the paper, that to be considered alive, a being has to be able to see. My friend wrote in the margin, "What about blind people?" On the top of the next page, the student wrote, "I realize this implies that blind people are not alive, but I fully accept that implication." My friend wrote in the margin, "This is the stupidest thing I have ever read."
- February 11, 2010 at 10:19 AM
"Since the beginning of time, there has been American history."
- February 11, 2010 at 9:15 PM
From a recent submission on Crito:
"In my opinion, Socrates is absolutely right to dismiss the opinions of the majority. The majority of people are uneducated. We should only trust the opinions of the wise man. Wikipedia defines 'wisdom' as..."
- February 12, 2010 at 1:39 AM
Anon 7:26. Thanks for putting me straight. I am grateful for your explanation.
In other news, irony still dead in the US.
- February 12, 2010 at 5:06 AM
"Descarte believed that God existed. Let me exfoliate on the matter."
Graded by me!
- March 14, 2010 at 8:30 PM


text:
Mr. Vice President, Governor Romney has accused your administration of supporting a partisan, pro union National Labor Relations Board. Historically, you have been outspoken of your support of the Employee Free Choice Act, which would provide employees the right to form a labor union without the benefit of a secret ballot election. At a Labor Day rally in Detroit earlier this month, you publicly stated that organized labor is one of the reasons why American is recovering. The American business community would not-so-respectfully disagree with you, and believe that activist federal agencies and labor unions are dangerously holding us back.
What would you say to business owners of all sizes who believe that your administration's labor policies have stifled their ability to operate in today's economic climate?
Written by Jon Hyman, a partner in the Labor & Employment group of Kohrman Jackson & Krantz. For more information, contact Jon at (216) 736-7226 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Anchors away
Immigration | The debate over birthright citizenship hits hardest on the hospital ward
TUCSON, Ariz.-The evening after I gave birth to my daughter at Tucson Medical Center (TMC), a hospital administrator stopped by our post-delivery room and presented my husband with a bill for about $1,200-the amount we owed after our insurance deductible had been met but before we'd reached our annual maximum out-of-pocket. If we could pay in full that day, the hospital would knock 10 percent off the charge.
Less than half of the women who give birth at TMC receive such a visit. That's because Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System (AHCCCS), the state's public health program, offers free maternity coverage to women in low and lower-middle income classes as well as covering all labor and delivery charges for women in the country illegally. The hospital declined to say what portion of their AHCCCS-covered births involve illegal immigrants but revealed to the Arizona Daily Star in 2007 that around 20 percent of their deliveries are to noncitizen mothers. Considering that illegal immigrants make up between 7 percent and 8 percent of Arizona's total population-and that men in that group significantly outnumber women-that accounts for a surprisingly high number. However, it is less surprising once another group of foreign-born mothers who are neither poor nor undocumented are factored into the picture.
Pregnant Mexican women with proper visas who can afford to pay cash for their deliveries are also crossing the border to give birth at TMC. The hospital is one of a few nationwide capitalizing on the cutting-edge practice of birth tourism, targeting specialized maternity packages to Mexican citizens who want to have their babies on U.S. soil.
Though TMC does not specifically advertise U.S. citizenship as a reason for delivering at its hospital, immigration experts say it has always been the main draw for noncitizens-both legal and illegal-who come to the United States to give birth. In a 2009 AP story detailing TMC's birth packages, the Mexican consul general in Tucson, Juan Manuel Calderon Jaimes, found nothing concerning about the practice and said it was nothing new: "Many families of means in Sonora [Mexico] send their wives here to give birth because they have the resources to pay for the services."
But a growing number of U.S. residents are worried about what's happening at hospitals like TMC and how it affects the future of the country. Their alarm is driving the recent push to amend or reinterpret the Constitution so that United States citizenship is no longer automatically conferred upon a person simply because he or she is born here.
According to a recently released study by the Pew Hispanic Center, 37 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States are parents of a citizen child. Even without a citizen in the household, they pose significant costs to states (particularly those that share a border with Mexico) when it comes to healthcare, education, and law enforcement. Once unauthorized residents give birth on U.S. soil, they have access to additional benefits. Mothers and fathers of so-called "anchor babies" are able to apply on behalf of their child for a selection of public programs including Medicaid, Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) subsidies, and food stamps. Should they be apprehended by immigration authorities, they can use the child as justification against deportation and as a reason to request preferred action that will prevent hardship to a U.S.-born citizen. And once the child turns 21, he or she can sponsor his family members' citizenship.
Though Steve Camarota, director of research at the Center for Immigration Studies, confirms that no one can concretely prove that illegal immigrants are intentionally trying to create anchors to the United States by having babies, he says he sees evidence that the parents are well aware of the advantages of giving birth here. He offers detailed statistics by state, noting, for example, that 40 percent of the unauthorized residents in Texas and California utilize food assistance and that a third of those in New York use Medicaid, most often on behalf of a citizen child. Says Camarota, "It is clear that a very large fraction of the illegal population with U.S.-born children learn to navigate certain welfare programs like Medicaid, WIC, and preschool lunch. And it's clear that a significant body of knowledge in regards to that is shared among them on how to sign their children up."
With states like California and Arizona facing crushing budget shortfalls, it's not surprising, says Camarota, that people are becoming upset over birthright citizenship. "So after [illegal immigrants] break the law coming here, they have a baby and get to benefit further by getting a green card and permanent residency? There's a lot not to like there." As for the wealthy, visa-wielding moms-to-be, he sums up the general objection succinctly: "It's the same as buying U.S. citizenship and turns something we should prize and respect into a game."
Eileen Walker, a labor and delivery nurse at Thunderbird Medical Center in Glendale, Ariz., agrees with Camarota's assessment and says in her work she sees illegal immigrants abusing emergency treatment laws and the AHCCCS program. "AHCCCS won't cover an illegal patient's doctor's visit, but the hospital is different. Anyone who walks into OB Triage claiming a health problem, we have to provide care. If they come in and say they're having headaches or have a cold or flu symptoms, we have to provide care." She says pregnant noncitizens understand that they can use emergency treatment as regular maternity care. "They know the right things to say and they know how to manipulate the system. They'll say, 'I'm not feeling my baby move,' because it is a guaranteed way to get the doctor to order an ultrasound. So they can get every benefit-top-of-the-line sonograms, epidurals, all the care a patient with insurance or who is paying out of pocket has-for free."
Some illegal immigrants fail to complete the paperwork that allows the hospital to get reimbursed by the state for its services, says Walker. "They'll get the care they came for and then just disappear, and we'll look around and say, 'Where did they go?' They leave and we find the AHCCCS application in the room," says Walker. "We eat those costs." As a result, she says, employees of Thunderbird have seen a drastic reduction in their own benefits as the hospital tries to cut expenses without resorting to layoffs.
Experience like Walker's and research like Camarota's are what's driving legislators who say it is time for the United States to reconsider its practice of granting citizenship to everyone born here. Among those who support hearings on the issue are Sens. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., Jon Kyl, R-Ariz., and Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., as well as House Minority Leader John Boehner of Ohio. Graham is particularly vehement, calling birthright citizenship "a mistake" on Fox News in July and announcing possible plans to introduce a constitutional amendment to reverse it.
The concept of citizenship by birthright has its roots in past injustices. When the Supreme Court ruled in the 1857 Dred Scott case that blacks were not citizens, Congress responded by passing a statute that conferred citizenship by birth. After the Civil War, citizenship for freed slaves received constitutional grounding in 1868 with the 14th Amendment. It states, "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside." The frontline of the objection against anchor babies is that clause, "subject to the jurisdiction thereof." Those who believe that the children of illegal immigrants shouldn't be considered citizens argue that the 14th Amendment was never intended to apply to them because their parents are not U.S. citizens nor here with U.S. authorization, and therefore are not subject to its jurisdiction.
Recent polls show Americans split about 50-50 on whether birthright citizenship should be repealed-though in border states like Arizona support for the idea is stronger, with two-thirds favoring it. But even someone like Camarota-whose career is researching illegal immigration and publicizing the problems it creates-is hesitant to endorse such a constitutional change.
On the one hand, he says he agrees with Republican leaders who point out that the United States is one of the only industrialized democracies to give citizenship to everyone born within its borders. And he understands the frustration of those who feel that birthright citizenship makes it extremely difficult to solve the problems of illegal immigration, as groups opposed to enforcement can claim that it divides families. "Politically, it creates a much different environment in which to have the debate. One of the chief arguments for granting amnesty to unauthorized residents is that they have all these citizen children and we shouldn't do harm to citizen children," says Camarota. "The advocacy groups make that argument all the time and you get [President] Obama saying that we're tearing babies from their mothers' breasts by trying to enforce the law. Of course the child can always go with the parents so we're not really dividing families, but it allows that narrative to be constructed. So it matters enormously in the immigration debate and it greatly complicates our efforts."
Camarota says that the odds against changing the law are steep. "It'll be a tough, nasty political battle that will focus on children. If you're pro-enforcement, that's not what you want," he says. Even if Congress passed a law, it would by no means signal the end of the fight: "You'd still have an ambiguous outcome because it would have to wind its way through the courts for years. Then if you'd wanted to change it you'd have to get a constitutional amendment. To my mind it's just not where we should put our political efforts."
Instead, Camarota feels that pro-enforcement groups and individuals would better spend their time pushing for work site enforcement, mandatory e-verify for businesses, having an entry and exit system, getting the cooperation of local police, and controlling the border.


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U.S. Department of State Country Report on Human Rights Practices 2002 - Lesotho
|United States Department of State
|Publication Date
|31 March 2003
|Cite as
|United States Department of State, U.S. Department of State Country Report on Human Rights Practices 2002 - Lesotho , 31 March 2003, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/3e918c2b10.html [accessed 31 May 2016]
|This is not a UNHCR publication. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do not necessarily reflect those of UNHCR, the United Nations or its Member States.
Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
March 31, 2003
Lesotho is a constitutional monarchy with King Letsie III as Head of State. Under the Constitution, the King filled a ceremonial role, had no executive authority, and was proscribed from actively taking part in political initiatives. In May Prime Minister Pakalitha Mosisili, the leader of the Lesotho Congress for Democracy (LCD) party, won reelection and was the Head of Government. In the May elections, the LCD won 77 of the 80 constituency based seats and the opposition Lesotho People's Congress (LPC) won 1 constituency-based seat. The remaining 2 constituency based seats were won by the LCD in by-elections held in August. The 40 proportionally based seats were divided among 9 opposition parties, including 21 seats for the main opposition party, the Basotho National Party (BNP). The Government welcomed international and independent domestic observers; all observers were allowed to perform their work without hindrance. The campaign and the elections were completely free from any violence or intimidation. Domestic and international observers concluded that the election was free, fair, peaceful, lawful, and transparent. In the past, the judiciary at times was subject to government and chieftainship influence; however, there were no reports of the use of such influence during the year.
The security forces consisted of the Lesotho Defense Force (LDF), the Lesotho Police Service (LPS), and the National Security Service (NSS). The Prime Minister was the Minister of Defense, with direct authority over the LDF and the NSS. The police force was under the authority of the Minister of Home Affairs. The 1996 Lesotho Defense Act, the 1997 Regulations for Military Justice, and the 1996 and 1997 amendments to the Royal Lesotho Mounted Police Force Act brought these services under direct civilian control. The security forces had a history of intervening in the country's politics and government; however, they did not do so since an abortive army mutiny in 1998. The LDF continued to be the subject of a national debate on the structure, size, and role of the armed forces. The NSS and the LPS also were undergoing comprehensive restructuring. Some members of the security forces committed human rights abuses.
The country, which has a population of approximately 2.15 million, is landlocked and surrounded by South Africa. It was almost entirely dependent on its sole neighbor for access to the outside world. Approximately 13 percent of the adult male work force worked in mines in South Africa. Per capita GDP rose 0.9 percent in local currency terms in 2000 to approximately $400 (3,785 maloti). State-owned enterprises predominated in the agroindustrial and agribusiness sectors, but private sector activity dominated in the small manufacturing and construction sectors. Under the traditional chieftainship structure, land use and tenure were controlled by the traditional chiefs and formally owned by the Kingdom (i.e., "crown lands").
The Government generally respected the human rights of its citizens; however, there were problems in some areas. There were unconfirmed allegations of torture by security forces and credible reports that the police at times used excessive force against detainees. Prison conditions were poor, and lengthy pretrial detention was a problem. There were long delays in trials. Domestic violence was common, and women's rights continued to be restricted severely in some areas. Societal discrimination against persons with disabilities was common. Some worker rights were restricted. Child labor was a problem in traditional agriculture and the informal sector. Lesotho was invited by the Community of Democracies' (CD) Convening Group to attend the November 2002 second CD Ministerial Meeting in Seoul, Republic of Korea, as a participant.
1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom From:
a. Arbitrary or Unlawful Deprivation of Life
There were no reports of the arbitrary or unlawful deprivation of life committed by the Government or its agents.
In 1999 the Government began investigating the 1994 palace coup and the alleged involvement of military personnel in the killing of the Deputy Prime Minister; 25 members of the LDF were arrested and charged with involvement in the killing. Four of the soldiers were convicted in courts-martial for their role in the 1998 army mutiny. The trials for the killing of the Deputy Prime Minister were scheduled to resume in February; however, they were postponed at the request of the defendants and had not resumed by year's end.
b. Disappearance
There were no reports of politically motivated disappearances.
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
The Constitution expressly prohibits such practices, and the Government generally respected these provisions; however, there were unconfirmed allegations of torture by security forces and credible reports that the police at times used excessive force against detainees.
Prison conditions were poor. Prison facilities were overcrowded and in disrepair.
Women were housed separately from men, and juveniles were housed separately from adults. Rape in prison reportedly was not a problem. Pretrial detainees often were held with convicted prisoners.
Prison regulations provide for visiting committees that were made up of principal chiefs, church ministers, representatives of the business community, advocates of the High Court, and other citizens. These committees may visit any prison without the prior knowledge of the prison director, and generally were allowed to do so. The committee reports its findings to the prison director after every inspection. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), through its regional office in Botswana, monitored prison conditions in the country during visits in February, July, and September.
d. Arbitrary Arrest, Detention, or Exile
The Constitution prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention, and the Government generally observed these prohibitions.
Pretrial detainees were a significant portion of the prison population. Because of serious backlogs of the court caseloads, the period of pretrial remand for some suspects could last months or even years.
The Government did not use forced exile.
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial
The Constitution provides for an independent judiciary; however, in the past, magistrates appeared at times to be subject to government and chieftainship influence. There were no reports of such influence during the year.
The judiciary consisted of the Court of Appeal (which meets semi-annually), the High Court, magistrates courts, and customary or traditional courts, which existed largely in rural areas to administer customary law.
The High Court also provided procedural and substantive advice and guidance on matters of law and procedure to military tribunals; however, it did not participate in judgments. Military tribunals operating under the 1996 Defense Act have jurisdiction over military cases only. Decisions by military tribunals can be appealed only to a special court-martial appeal court, which was composed of two judges from the High Court, one retired military officer with a legal background, and the registrar of the High Court.
Persons detained or arrested in criminal cases and defendants in civil cases had the right to legal counsel; however, there was no system to provide public defenders. The Ministry of Justice and the NGO community maintained a few legal aid clinics. The authorities generally respected court decisions and rulings. There was no trial by jury. Criminal trials normally were adjudicated by a single High Court judge who presided, with two assessors that served in an advisory capacity. In civil cases, judges normally heard cases alone. The law provides for granting bail, which the authorities granted regularly and generally fairly. There was a large case backlog, which led to lengthy delays in trials (see Section 1.d.).
In civil courts, women and men were accorded equal rights; however, in traditional and customary courts certain rights and privileges accorded to men were denied to women (see Section 5). When traditional law and custom were invoked in a court case, a male plaintiff could opt for customary judgments by a principal chief rather than a civil court, and the judgment was binding legally. This system greatly disadvantaged women.
There were no reports of political prisoners.
f. Arbitrary Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence
The law does not protect fully citizens' privacy rights; however, there were no reports that authorities infringed on citizens' privacy rights during the year. Although search warrants were required under normal circumstances, the law provided police with wide powers to stop and search persons and vehicles and to enter homes and other places without a warrant. There are some prohibitions against monitoring telephone conversations. Unlike in previous years, there were no allegations that security forces monitored the telephone conversations of citizens and foreigners during the year.
2. Respect for Civil Liberties, Including:
a. Freedom of Speech and Press
The Constitution provides for freedom of speech and of the press, and the Government generally respected these rights in practice. There were several independent newspapers – including one controlled by the Roman Catholic Church, one controlled by the Lesotho Evangelical Church, and four English-language weeklies – that routinely criticized the Government. The official state-owned or state-controlled media consisted of one radio station, a 1½ hour daily newscast on a local television channel, and two weekly newspapers. All faithfully reflected official positions of the ruling party. There were four private radio stations, but no private local television station. South African and global satellite television and radio broadcasts were available widely.
There was a lack of free access to government information, which often was described as a limitation on the free press; however, there were no other barriers that affect press coverage of government activities.
Internet services were freely available from a number of private Internet service providers.
The Government did not restrict academic freedom. Although the Government owned and administered the country's only university, the academic staff represented the full political spectrum and was free to express its views.
b. Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Association
The Constitution provides for the freedom of assembly and association, and the Government generally respected these rights in practice. A public meeting, rally, or march did not require prior police permission, only advance notification. Political party meetings and rallies were held regularly and without hindrance from the Government. In addition to the LCD, the Basotholand Congress Party (BCP), and the BNP, there were 16 smaller, registered political parties.
c. Freedom of Religion
The Constitution provides for freedom of religion, and the Government generally respected this right in practice. The majority of the members of the Government were Christians, which reflected the religious composition of the country.
There generally was mutual understanding and cooperation between Christians and Muslims. Unlike in previous years, there were no reports of tensions between Christians and Muslims during the year.
For a more detailed discussion see the 2002 International Religious Freedom Report.
d. Freedom of Movement Within the Country, Foreign Travel, Emigration, and Repatriation
The law provides for these rights, and the Government generally respected them in practice.
The law provides for the granting asylum and refugee status in accordance with the 1951 U.N. Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol. In 1994 the Government allowed approximately 25 refugees from Somalia and Uganda registered with the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees to study in the country. They were expected to return to their countries of first asylum after completing their studies but had not done so by year's end. Other than these students, there was no resident refugee population. The Government has provided first asylum; however, the issue did not arise during the year.
There were no reports of the forced return of persons to a country where they feared persecution.
3. Respect for Political Rights: The Right of Citizens to Change Their Government
The Constitution provides citizens with the right to change their government peacefully, which was respected in the May elections. As in 1998, the Government freely allowed international observers into the country and these observers concluded that the election was free, fair, peaceful, and lawful. In the May elections, the LCD won 77 of the 80 constituency based seats and the opposition Lesotho People's Congress (LPC) won 1 constituency-based seat. The remaining 2 constituency based seats were won by the LCD in by-elections held in August. The 40 proportionally based seats were divided among 9 opposition parties, including 21 seats for the main opposition party, the Basotho National Party (BNP). The campaign and the election were completely free from any violence or intimidation. Unlike the elections of 1998 and 1993, the opposition has accepted the results and has refrained from any violent and extraconstitutional attempts to overthrow the elected Government. Instead, the BNP initiated a legal action alleging fraud, which was pending in the courts at year's end.
The Parliament was made up of 120 members, 80 constituency based members, decided by plurality vote, and 40 proportionally selected members. In the May elections, the LCD won 77 of the 80 constituency based seats and the LPC won 1. The remaining two constituency-based seats were won by the LCD in by-elections held in August to replace candidates who died during the campaigning period. The 40 proportionally based seats were divided among 9 opposition parties, including 21 seats for the main opposition party, the BNP.
Countrywide voter registration was held between August 13 and September 30, 2001 to prepare updated voter rolls. The period was extended by 2 weeks at the request of opposition parties, particularly the BNP. The Government welcomed independent domestic and international observers during this process, which, according to the observers, was carried out in an orderly, peaceful, and lawful manner. The May 25 election and the process leading up to it were free from violence or intimidation. Independent domestic and international delegations concluded that the election was free, fair, peaceful, lawful, and transparent.
There were 12 women in the 80-member National Assembly, and there were 12 women in the 33-member Senate. Four women were government ministers, and two women were assistant ministers. In June the Parliament unanimously re-elected the first female Speaker of the National Assembly.
4. Governmental Attitude Regarding International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Violations of Human Rights
A number of domestic and international human rights groups generally operated without government restriction, investigating and publishing their findings on human rights cases. Government officials generally were cooperative and responsive to their views.
5. Discrimination based on Race, Sex, Disability, Language, or Social Status
The Constitution prohibits discrimination based on race, color, sex, language, political or other opinion, national or social origin, birth, or other status, and the Government generally respected these prohibitions in practice; however, the Constitution also recognizes customary law as a parallel legal system, and women's inheritance and property rights were restricted severely under the traditional chieftainship system.
Domestic violence against women occurred frequently, and, although dependable statistics were not available, it was believed to be widespread. In Basotho tradition, a wife may return to her "maiden home" if physically abused by her husband. Under common law, wife beating is a criminal offense and defined as assault; however, few domestic violence cases were brought to trial. Beatings and violence against women perpetrated by husbands or other male relatives occurred frequently; however, increasingly it was considered socially unacceptable behavior. A 1998 national conference on the empowerment of women noted that of 100 cases of human rights abuses, 90 involved women who were victims of domestic violence, rape, or sexual harassment.
The law prohibits rape, which is punishable by a minimum sentence of 5 years' imprisonment, with no option for a fine. The law also prohibits sexual harassment; however, in most cases, it was difficult to prove. Prostitution is illegal; however, it was difficult to police or prosecute, and it was a problem.
Both law and custom under the traditional chieftainship system severely limited the rights of women in areas such as property rights, inheritance, and contracts. Women have the legal and customary right to make a will and sue for divorce; however, under customary law, a married woman is considered a minor during the lifetime of her husband. She cannot enter into legally binding contracts, whether for employment, commerce, or education, without her husband's consent. A woman married under customary law has no standing in civil court and may not sue or be sued without her husband's permission. Government officials have criticized publicly this customary practice. The tradition of paying a bride price (lobola) was common. Polygyny was practiced by a very small percentage of the population.
Women's rights organizations have taken a leading role in educating women about their rights under customary and common law, highlighting the importance of women participating in the democratic process. In 1998 the Government created the Ministry of Gender and Youth Affairs. The Ministry funded, with small financial grants and the use of facilities, efforts by women's groups to sensitize women and society in general to the status and rights of women.
The Government devoted substantial resources to primary and secondary education. Education was not compulsory even at the primary levels, and a substantial number of children did not attend school, particularly in rural areas where there were few schools, where children were involved in subsistence activities in support of their family's welfare, or where families could not afford the costs associated with school attendance, such as, fees for the purchase of uniforms, books, and materials. The problem of school nonattendance affected boys disproportionately more than girls. In traditional rural Basotho society, livestock herding by young boys was a prerequisite to manhood in the community, and this frequently interfered with their school enrollment. The Government began implementation of a program that provided free public education through the primary grades (1 through 6). The program commenced in all schools in the first grade during 2000, and it covered the costs of school fees, books, and one meal per day. Expansion of the program to the third grade occurred during the year, and the program was scheduled to expand to the fourth grade in 2003.
There was no pattern of societal abuse against children. However, familial stress, poverty, the spread of HIV/AIDS, and divorce led to a rise in child homelessness and abandonment, creating a growing number of street children.
Child prostitution was a problem. Young girls reportedly move to urban areas to work as prostitutes. The prevalence of commercialized child prostitution was low; however, both the Government and UNICEF agreed it was a growing problem, largely driven by poverty (see Section 6.f.).
Persons with Disabilities Discrimination against persons with physical disabilities in employment, education, or provision of other government services is unlawful; however, societal discrimination was common. The Government has not legislated or mandated accessibility to public buildings for persons with disabilities. The Minister of Justice, Human Rights, Rehabilitation, Law, and Constitutional Affairs is blind; he was appointed to this position in 2001.
National/Racial/Ethnic Minorities
Most citizens spoke a common language and shared common historical and cultural traditions. Small numbers of Asians (primarily ethnic Chinese and Indians) and South African whites were active in the country's commercial life. Economic and racial tension between the Chinese business community and the Basotho remained a problem. Unlike in previous years, there were no reports that civil unrest or riots targeted persons of Asian descent during the year.
6. Worker Rights
a. The Right of Association
Under the law, workers have the right to join and form trade unions without prior government authorization. The Labor Code prohibits civil servants from joining or forming unions. The Government regarded all work by civil servants as essential. The law prohibits public employees from becoming members of trade unions established under the Labor Code; however, the law allows them to form staff associations. In response to a 2001 request by the International Labor Organization (ILO), the Government was reviewing the law in order to address concerns related to freedom of association without compromising its responsibility to provide essential services; however, the were no developments by year's end.
Under the Labor Code, prepared with the assistance of the ILO, all trade union federations must register with the Government. There were 43 trade unions and employee organizations registered with the Registrar of Trade Unions. There were four small trade union federations that rarely cooperated with one another: The Lesotho Trade Union Congress; the Lesotho Federation of Democratic Unions; the Worker's Congress of Trade Unions, and the Congress of Lesotho Trade Unions. Unions were not affiliated formally with political parties; however, the former head of the largest garment workers union was elected to Parliament as a member of the Lesotho Workers Party with substantial union support.
The labor and trade union movement was very weak and fragmented. There were several small unions in the public and industrial sectors, but there was no unified trade union congress. There were cases of unions competitively organizing small numbers of workers in the same sector.
Overall unionized workers represented approximately 10 percent of the work force. Approximately 13 percent of the male labor force worked in the coal and gold mines of South Africa, and the majority of those who did not were engaged primarily in traditional agriculture. A majority of Basotho mine workers were members of the South African National Union of Mineworkers (NUM); however, as a foreign organization, the NUM was not allowed to engage in union activities in the country.
There was credible evidence that some employers prevented union organizers from access to factory premises to organize workers or to represent them in disputes with owners or managers. There were reports that some employers harassed union organizers, intimidated members, and frequently fired union activists. The Commission of Labor, which operated as part of the Labor Ministry, was charged with investigating allegations of labor law violations (see Section 6.e.).
There were no instances of governmental restrictions on international affiliations or contacts by unions or their members. There were no instances of governmental restrictions on the rights of workers or union members to form political parties or associations. The Lesotho Workers' Party was formed during the year and succeeded in winning one of the 40 proportional seats in Parliament.
b. The Right to Organize and Bargain Collectively
In principle all legally recognized trade unions enjoy the right to organize and bargain collectively, and the Government generally respected these rights; however, some employers tried to restrict these rights in practice. Employers usually were cooperative; however, some employees were threatened with expulsion and loss of employment if they join unions. There was credible evidence that most employers in the textile and garment sector used blacklists to deny employment to workers who have been fired by another employer within that sector. There were reports that some employers harassed union organizers.
Following the threat of strike action over the minimum wages published by the Government in 2001, members of the Association of Lesotho Employers met with the main textile union, Lesotho Clothing and Allied Workers Union (LECAWU), and negotiated a 10 percent increase instead of the 6 percent that had been set by the Government. LECAWU and the Employers Association also agreed to meet annually to negotiate wages independent of the minimum set by the Government. Employee grievances reportedly were handled promptly by the Labor Commission, and there were no significant backlogs of cases during the year.
The law provides for the right to strike; however, no legally authorized strike has occurred since independence in 1966. Because civil servants generally were not allowed to strike, all public sector industrial actions were by definition unauthorized. In the private sector, the Labor Code requires an escalating series of procedures to be followed by workers and employers before strike action is authorized. In past years, some small unions and their members have undertaken wildcat strikes or spontaneous industrial actions without following the procedures for dispute resolution; however, there were no reported strikes during the year. Legal protection for strikers from retribution has not been enforced always in cases of illegal strikes. There were no violent strike-related incidents during the year.
The Labor Code was amended in 2000 to establish a Directorate of Dispute Prevention and Resolution within the Ministry of Employment and Labor. The Directorate started hearing cases in January and has won praise from the union movement for prompt disposition of cases brought before it.
There were no export processing zones.
c. Prohibition of Forced or Bonded Labor
The law prohibits forced or bonded labor, including by children, and there were no reports that such practices occurred.
d. Status of Child Labor Practices and Minimum Age for Employment
The legal minimum age for employment in commercial or industrial enterprises is 15 years, and legal minimum age for hazardous employment is 18 years; however, children under 14 years of age reportedly were employed in family-owned businesses. Many urban street children work in the informal sector. Most of the jobs in which children find themselves were gender-specific: Boys (as young as ages 4 and 5) were livestock herders; girls were domestic servants; boys carry packages for shoppers, wash cars, and collect fares for minibus taxis; teenage girls (and a few boys) were involved in prostitution; and both boys and girls work as street vendors. Although there were allegations of child labor in the textile and garment sector, investigations by UNICEF, the ILO, and the Labor Commission found no evidence to support the charges.
There are statutory prohibitions against the employment of minors in commercial, industrial, or nonfamily enterprises involving hazardous or dangerous working conditions, and although enforcement of prohibitions was very lax in previous years, the Ministry of Labor and Employment's Inspectorate was staffed adequately and conducted quarterly inspections during the year. Children under 18 years of age may not be recruited for employment outside of the country. In traditional society, rigorous and occasionally dangerous working conditions for the country's young livestock herdboys were considered a prerequisite to manhood, essential to the livelihood of families, and a fundamental feature of local culture beyond the reach of labor laws. The emphasis on traditional socialization methods to the exclusion of formal education continued the cycle of poverty for most youth. Child labor laws covered all sectors except for the agricultural sector.
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work
In general wages were low. A national minimum wage is determined annually by the Wage Advisory Board, a tripartite entity, consisting of Government, trade unions, and employers. The monthly minimum wage for unskilled laborers was $80 (648 maloti), and $140 (1,129 maloti) for heavy vehicle operators. Minimum wages for workers in lower skilled jobs were insufficient to ensure a decent standard of living for a worker and family. Most wage earners supplemented their income through subsistence agriculture or remittances from relatives employed in South Africa. Many private employers paid more than minimum wages to attract and retain motivated employees. However, there also was reason to believe that some employers, especially in export sectors, treated the minimum wage as a maximum wage.
The Labor Code provides for basic worker rights, including a maximum 45-hour workweek, a weekly rest period of at least 24 hours, 12 days of paid leave per year, and paid sick and public holidays; however, employers did not always respect these rights in practice. Required overtime was legal so long as overtime wages were paid for work in excess of the legally mandated 45-hour workweek. Inspections by both buyer's representatives and the Labor Department have ensured that workers were paid the proper overtime rate for any overtime hours worked.
There were allegations in 2001 that some companies paid below minimum wage, enforced long hours sometimes by locking in workers, and deducted wages when employees were found talking or taking more than one break a day. Some employers, particularly small businesses, allegedly refused sick-pay leave and engaged in unfair dismissal practices. The majority of complaints dealing with these issues were brought to the Directorate of Dispute Prevention and Resolution, where they were resolved within weeks. Only 10 percent of the complaints filed with the Directorate concerned the textile sector.
A second judge has been appointed to the Labor Court, which transferred its pending unfair dismissal cases to the Directorate of Dispute Prevention and Resolution, thus eliminating the court's former case backlog. The Labor Commission was staffed adequately and handled most complaints within a 1-month period; it cooperated closely with the ILO in establishing inspection regimes. Labor inspectors generally conducted unannounced inspections in factories four times per year. The Labor Commission was authorized to order the reinstatement of wrongfully dismissed employees and the payment of back wages, but it did not have the authority to impose criminal fines.
The Labor Code requires employers to provide adequate light, ventilation, and sanitary facilities for employees and to install and maintain machinery in a manner designed to minimize the risk of injury, and in practice employers generally follow these regulations. The law provides for a compensation system for industrial injuries and diseases arising out of and in the course of employment. The Labor Code also empowers the Minister of Labor to make regulations pertaining to work safety in specific areas. There are regulations in force concerning welding and cutting, noise, and spray painting. Regulations on construction and chemical safety were being promulgated. The Labor Code does not protect explicitly the right of workers to remove themselves from hazardous situations without prejudice to employment; however, Labor Code sections on safety in the workplace and dismissal implied that dismissal in such circumstances would be illegal. The Labor Code protects both legal and illegal foreign workers, unless the workers signed contracts that specified differently.
f. Trafficking in Persons
The law does not prohibit trafficking in persons, and there were reports of trafficking.
The Government and the local UNICEF office recognized that poverty and the high incidence of HIV/AIDS has led to a growing problem of transactional sex practiced by under aged girls who were in many cases orphans. A recent UNICEF assessment concluded that child prostitution in the country was a poverty-driven phenomenon rather than a commercial enterprise and that the financial arrangements were casual and not the product of organized criminal syndicates. However, UNICEF and the Government agreed, that while the numbers remained small, the trend toward commercial prostitution by children under age 18 was a growing problem in the country. The Minister of Home Affairs asked UNICEF for financial support and technical assistance to establish a child protection unit within the police force, similar to programs that have been established in South Africa and Namibia with UNICEF support. At present, there is little capability within either the police force or the Department of Social Welfare to address the needs of children likely to engage in prostitution.
There was a report that illegal immigrant smugglers, primarily from South and East Asia, continued to take advantage of the country's undersupervised borders to pass persons temporarily through the country to transportation hubs in South Africa for onward movement to Europe and North America. There was no clear evidence that these movements included women or children, or that these organizations were recruiting or transporting persons illegally for involuntary servitude, slavery, or forced or bonded labor. It was suspected that most of the persons who were moved by these criminal organizations were primarily economic immigrants seeking employment in other countries. There were no reports or evidence of forced or bonded labor or servitude in the country resulting from these activities.
The Government took no specific action to address trafficking in persons during the year.


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WASHINGTON (WUSA) -- Loved ones of a local Marine killed in action are left with heavy hearts tonight. Lance Corporal Niall Coti-Sears, 23, grew up in the district and was laid to rest earlier today at Arlington National cemetery.
Ken Molestina spoke to some of the former Marine's loved ones Thursday night.


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May 25, 2016
TALLAHASSEE, Fla. (AP) -- Florida's top election official wants more time and more places for early voting.
Secretary of State Ken Detzner on Monday gave Gov. Rick Scott a list of recommendations on how to improve elections.
Scott asked for the report in the wake of the 2012 election where some voters spent hours waiting in line. It also took days for the state to finish counting ballots.
Scott has already endorsed giving counties up to 14 days of early voting. Scott two years ago signed a bill that cut the number of days available for early voting.
Detzner is also recommending that the deadline for requesting absentee ballots be moved up. He also advocates putting word limits on constitutional amendments in order to keep the ballot from being too long.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Current AnnouncementsFROM: Sport Management RE: Sports Trivia SmackDown
Sent: 11/4/2013 11:25:29 AM
To: Students, Faculty, Staff
Calling all SPORTS BUFFS!!
*Sports Trivia SmackDown*
Tuesday, November 19th
Keystone Hall, Room 205 (lecture hall)
$5.00 per player (on or before Nov. 18th)
Cash Prizes & Lots of Entertainment
To Register - complete the information below and submit to Hamer Hall, Room 232 with payment no later than November 18th for pre-reg. rate.
Registration: Individual Team of 2 players
Player 1 Name: _________________________________
Email: _________________________
Player 2 Name: _________________________________
Email: _________________________
Payment: cash ($5 by Nov. 18th) Check payable to:
Cal U Spt. Mgt.Club
Cash ($7- Walk-up Registration)
Please arrive NO LATER than 6:30p.m. to check-in/register and become familiar with the rules and regulations of the competition.
The game will begin promptly at 7:00p.m. Participants arriving late will not be able to compete and NO refunds will be provided.


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Dewalt ® Angle Grinder - 4-1/2" Small Professional-grade
Dewalt ® Angle Grinder 4-1/2" provides the performance and durability you need for all types of grinding/sanding jobs. Dust ejection system ™ expels dust and debris that enter the air intake vents. Quick-change wheel release allows the user to remove wheels without using a wrench. Multi-position side handle offers greater control and comfort. Dewalt ® Angle Grinder has a low-profile design that allows access to tight spaces. Features 5/8"-11 spindle threads and ball and roller bearings.Has paddle-switch with lock-on. 10 amps/11,000 RPM motor. 11-1/4" long. Weighs 4.6 lbs. Grinding wheels sold separately. Imported.


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Hi there,
One of my customer has got an issue for synchronising his mails since yesterday morning.
He is using office 2007, the 7.1.1 connector on a Windows 7 64 bits computer.
Here is my analysis :
I saw a zco crash dump dated from 19/09/2011 7:58
I know that in Windows events there is several seconds before a CRASH event with "SearchProtocolHost.exe" linked with a failing OLMAPI32.dll.
I also know that a bunch of Windows/office updates just occured before. I uninstalled them without any good effect.
I understand that olmapi32.dll is essential as i see a reference to it in the crash dump.
I read the created log, I understand that there is a issue on this computer maybe with MAPI.
I join you all the files I have generated.
Can you help me ?
Thanks you by advance


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Roger Federer struggled to beat Olivier Rochus in the first round of Estoril, needing 3 sets to put away the diminutive Belgian.
But what is the large bump on the side of Fed's face? It looks pretty swollen, like a bee sting or something.
(images via AP)
Tuesday, April 15, 2008
Federer defeats Rochus in 3 sets, but what's on his face?
Labels: Estoril, Roger Federer, tennis
5 comments:
- AnonymousApril 15, 2008 at 6:45 PM
hmmm..very weird! i hope it doesn't affect his game. lolReplyDelete
That must be what's been weighing him down...ReplyDelete
haha! erin that's a good one!!ReplyDelete
- AnonymousApril 18, 2008 at 2:28 AM
Eurosport told it's a sting by an insect.ReplyDelete
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


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- 1408Promote
Tote Bag
Jungle Bookby David Fleck
Our quality crafted Tote Bags are hand sewn in America using durable, yet lightweight, poly poplin fabric. All seams and stress points are double stitched for durability. Available in 13" x 13", 16" x 16" and 18" x 18" variations, the tote bags are washable, feature original artwork on both sides and a sturdy 1" wide cotton webbing strap for comfortably carrying over your shoulder.
thumbs up!
beaut. so good!
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This is beautiful but it gives me a 'Threadless joke' feel. Would rather just have the trees as a beautiful illustration. Awesome either way
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a m a z i n g
really lovely illustration want it!
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Discover How To Get Paid $1,000 p/week As A Professional Fashion Designer.... www.Be-A-Fashion-Designer.Com
oooh, great!
Hey I Really like your stuff. Have you tried making them into leggings? Like these: http://society6.com/product/pretty-pi...
ngs#56=417 I think it would look good. Anyway, I liked and followed you!
Very nice work! You are so talented!!!
that's a great design
Please like and follow me too! http://society6.com/product/blue-tree-q0l_print I really like your art style!
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Hey man, your designs are great! Love the subtle use of colour and ideas behind the image...
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wow! brilliant work!
Bellissimo. :)
just complex enough pun.
beautiful :)
Love it!
So creative!
Super cool art :)
See More Comments


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With the right tips and tools by your side, everything's under control.
We're constantly innovating in order to make cleaning quicker, easier and more manageable.
Scrubbing Bubbles® products work right by your side, taking care of the tough work.
Use the fan in your bathroom to decrease humidity and prevent mold & mildew growth.


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|Release Date: March 15, 2002
|Running Time: 105 mins.
|MPAA Rating: R
|Box Office: $13,622,333.00
|Genre: Comedy, Drama, Romance
Maribel Verdú
Gael García Bernal
Diego Luna
Diana Bracho
All Cast & Crew >>
Summary:Abandoned by their girlfriends for the summer, rich teenagers Tenoch and Julio meet older woman Luisa at a wedding. Trying to impress Luisa, the friends tell her they are headed on a road trip to a beautiful, secret beach called Boca del Cielo (Heaven's Mouth). Intrigued with their story and desperate to escape, Luisa asks if she can join them on their trip. Soon the three are headed out of Mexico City, making their way towards the fictional destination. Along the way Luisa seduces the two young men, and they begin to argue over her. As they continue their journey, caught up in their own world, the wealthy trio all but ignore the harsh realities of poverty that surround them.


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P.F. Chang's patrons urged to check credit report
Possible data breach announced this week
As P.F. Chang's China Bistro is investigating a possible data breach that may have resulted in the theft of credit and debit card information from its chain of restaurants across the country, many are checking their credit.
Security blogger Brian Krebs reports thousands of cards went up for sale June 9 on underground store Rescator, which sold millions of cards stolen during the Target breach late last year.
Krebs contacted several banks about the card data and found that all the recently posted cards were used at P.F. Chang's restaurants from March through May 19. There are more than 200 restaurants worldwide, and it's unclear how many locations may have been affected by the possible breach.
The company has not confirmed a breach but said it is investigating the claims, according to a statement sent to Krebs. As of June 10, the card information is priced from $18 to $140 per card, depending on the network and if it's a premium or standard card, Krebs reports.
The card information comes from the magnetic stripe on the back of credit and debit cards and can be cloned on fake cards, allowing fraudsters to make purchases with that data until it's rendered invalid, either by the issuer or a consumer who notices unauthorized use of his or her account.
If you're worried about a potential data breach exposing you to identity theft, you should monitor your credit and debit card accounts on a regular basis for fraudulent activity. Contact your financial institution as soon as you notice any charges you did not make.
Any major, unexpected changes in your score could signal identity theft, and you should pull your credit reports immediately to check for signs of fraud — such as new accounts that were opened using your information, or past-due charges that you didn't make to an existing card you haven't used in awhile.


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Automatic Water System Pump - Jabsco
This item is found in the following Product Families
Automatic Water System Pump (Jabsco)
Popular, quiet, dependable belt-driven diaphragm pump serves up to 4 outlets simultaneously, runs dry for extended periods and is self- …
Popular quiet dependable belt-driven diaphragm pump serves up to 4 outlets simultaneously runs dry for extended periods and is self-priming up to 5'. Built-in check valve protects against city water pressure and pulsation dampeners absorb water hammer and provide a smooth flow. Complies with USCG 183.410 and ISO 8846 marine ignition protection. Connections for 1/2" or 5/8" hose. 36800 Series: 9 7/8" L x 6 1/2" W x 8 3/8" H; 36900 Series: 9 7/8" L x 6 1/2" W x 10 1/8" H.
This product ships in 1 business day.
Add to Cart and enter your Postal Code to determine the shipping charges and estimated delivery date.
Most products and orders leave our warehouse in 1 business day. However, select items may take more processing time. Alaska and Hawaii orders please add 1 additional warehouse processing day.
Standard Shipping Policies


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Breakouts that include whiteheads and blackheads are not just a problem for teenagers. Acne occurs when the pores become clogged with oil caused by hormonal changes, sweating and changes in air humidity. The red, inflamed blemishes associated with acne pose an embarrassing problem. Often, those who suffer from acne simply try to treat the affected areas once a blemish forms. Unfortunately, applying spot treatments alone is ineffective at preventing future breakouts. If it is clear, healthy skin you're after, you need to fight acne daily with the effective Obagi CLENZIderm M.D. line.
Formulated by skin care experts, the Obagi CLENZIderm M.D. line consists of a three-step system to cleanse the skin and clear the pores, banishing blemishes once and for all. The Obagi CLENZIderm M.D. line uses revolutionary Soluzyl Technology to deliver the powerful, proven acne-fighting ingredient benzoyl peroxide deep into the skin to unclog pores and eliminate the bacteria that irritates the skin and leads to acne outbreaks. This unique feature sets the Obagi CLENZIderm M.D. line apart from other skin systems that treat only the surface of the skin.
Providing effective help for skin plagued by acne breakouts, the Obagi CLENZIderm M.D. line uses 5 percent liquefied benzoyl peroxide and Soluzyl Technology to target pockets of excess oil and bacteria lurking beneath the skin. With regular use, the acne-fighting system reduces the occurrence of blemishes for healthy, clearer skin.
Obagi CLENZIderm M.D. Pore Therapy is specially formulated to wash away traces of makeup, sweat, dirt and oil that build up on the skin and clog the pores. The formula also promotes healthy skin cell turnover and rejuvenation through gentle exfoliation. Daily use of the therapy keeps your skin tone even and radiant. Designed to work in conjunction with the rest of the CLENZIderm system, the therapy also readies your skin for the other beneficial products designed by Obagi to combat acne.
Obagi CLENZIderm M.D. Daily Care Foaming Cleanser begins working to purify and refresh the skin with its very first use, resulting in a noticeable reduction in the signs of acne in as little as two weeks. The cleanser whisks away pore-clogging impurities without leaving behind any harmful residues. Packed with soothing menthol, the cleanser also relieves irritation and reduces redness.
Obagi CLENZIderm Normal to Dry System is a convenient packaged collection of the essential acne-fighting products in the CLENZIderm system. Designed specifically for those with normal to dry skin, the system gently moisturizes, while battling the causes and signs of acne. The set contains the Daily Care Cream Cleanser, the Therapeutic Lotion and the Therapeutic Moisturizer.


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Sell Us Your Car - We Purchase Cars
Bring your vehicle to Hilton Head BMW and receive a free written Appraisal and Commitment to Purchase - good for 3 days.
Click here for more information.
1230 Fording Island Rd (Hwy 278)
Directions Bluffton, SC 29910
Sell Us Your Car - We Purchase Cars
Bring your vehicle to Hilton Head BMW and receive a free written Appraisal and Commitment to Purchase - good for 3 days.
Click here for more information.
If you are looking for that perfect used car, you've come to the right place. We keep a large inventory of quality used cars in Hilton Head from a variety of manufacturers, including a selection of pre-owned BMW models. Browse our online inventory below or stop by our Hilton Head dealership and talk to a member of our professional sales staff. We'd be happy to take you on a test drive, and our financing experts can tailor a loan to suit your needs and budget. We hope to see you soon.
If you can't find a vehicle that suits your tastes, fill out our no-obligation CarFinder form and we'll find it for you. At Hilton Head BMW we have a huge selection of new BMW vehicles, as well as a state-of-the-art auto parts and service facility . We look forward to developing a long-term relationship with you and your car. Our dealership is conveniently located at 1230 Fording Island Rd (Hwy 278). See you soon!
Closing Fees: $499.50 All advertised vehicles are subject to actual dealer availability. Certain vehicles listed may not be available, or may have different prices, or be equipped with dealer installed options at an additional charge. Prices excludes tax, tag, registration, and title and includes closing fees, if applicable. Vehicle option and pricing are subject to change. Prices include all dealer rebates and dealer incentives. Pricing and availability varies by dealership. Please check with your dealer for more information. Neither the Dealer nor Dealer.com is responsible for any inaccuracies contained herein and by using this application you the customer acknowledge the foregoing and accept such terms.


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Related Movies
|Release Date: July 10, 2009
|Running Time: 88 mins.
|MPAA Rating: R
|Box Office: $59,992,760.00
|Genre: Comedy
Sacha Baron Cohen
Gustaf Hammarsten
Clifford Banagale
Chibundu Orukwowu
All Cast & Crew >>
Summary:Brüno, a gay fashionista, is host of the top-rated late night fashion show in any German-speaking country - apart from Germany. Brüno's mission? To become the biggest Austrian celebrity since Hitler. His strategy? To crisscross the globe in the hopes of finding fame and love.
Event Photos:


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Wherever you are - shows and events, camping, tramping, hunting or on holiday - your dog need never be without the natural, raw food you know it deserves! K9 Natural Freeze Dried requires no refrigeration, has an indefinite shelf life and comes in lightweight portable packs. Mix with a little warm water (see instructions on the pack) and you have an instant, nutritious raw meal for your canine.
FLAVOUR : Lamb Supreme
PACK SIZE : Net weight 500g/1.1lb Makes 2 kg/4.4lb of ready-to-serve raw food when reconstituted with warm water. Contains 20 daily servings for dog size : approx 5kg/11lb
INGREDIENTS : Fresh lamb (derived from animals deemed fit for human consumption), ground bone, blood, fresh broccoli, cauliflower, carrot, silver beet, cabbage, other seasonal vegetables, fresh whole eggs with shell, fruit (apples, pears and other seasonal fruit), green tripe, heart, liver, kidney, garlic, cod liver oil (natural preservative).
(Freeze Dried values)
(Freeze Dried values)
Protein 27.6 - 31.6%
Fat (Total) 46 - 50%
Fibre 1.2 - 3.2%
Moisture 7 - 9%
Protein 29.6%
Fat (Total) 48.0%
Fibre 2.2%
Moisture 8%
Kilocalories per 100g (3.5oz) 551
Iron mg/100g (3.5oz) 83
Calcium mg/100g (3.5oz) 5500
Phosphorus mg/100g (3.5oz) 3200Our Price: $199.00


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We spent the day sharing our expertise and demonstrating how to use TheLadders' tools and resources to successfully navigate the job search process.
As professional resume writers, Jenny Erasmus and I critiqued individual resumes. We provided advice on marketing military experience in a way that would attract prospective employers. While military and civilian careers are certainly different, the skills and experience gained in the armed forces would be invaluable to any organization. We enjoyed educating attendees on ways to translate this experience onto their resumes.
Career advisor John Cardillo used his hands-on experience to advise on all stages of the job search from HR software to networking and interviews. Lisa Hagendorf, our VP of public relations, shared her passion for TheLadders by enthusiastically answering questions about all the great services we provide.
At TheLadders, we strive to alleviate some of the inevitable uncertainty that comes with the search for a new job. The Heroes for Hire career fair was a great opportunity for us to do that firsthand. I look forward to joining my coworkers at more events like this in the future, especially when I have the chance to help our men and women in uniform.
Click here to see TheLadders team in action at the Heroes for Hire career fair.
Jordan Forrest is a Resume Writer for TheLadders, where she transforms ineffective resumes into powerful documents that position clients for their dream job. Outside of work, Jordan enjoys watching stand-up at the Comedy Cellar and listening to Otis Redding turned up to 11.