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An OFLI Dark Sky Adventure in an Ancient Land
Posted 25 August 2012 - 07:46 AM
By James Barnett
Posted 25 August 2012 - 10:04 AM
Posted 25 August 2012 - 12:21 PM
Looks like a great trip.
I wish I could drive to such places a easily as you can from Petaluma.
Posted 25 August 2012 - 06:13 PM
Posted 25 August 2012 - 09:33 PM
Really enjoyed the article, a very interesting read.
What a talented and resourceful group here on CN.
Posted 25 August 2012 - 11:18 PM
Good questions.
Yeah, we don't get much sleep. Between the elevation, oxygen deprivation, low calorie intake, lots of exercise and sleep deprivation. It took me almost two weeks to rest up after returning. Gotta pay to play. I did lose 12 pounds.
As for equipment when leaving camp, remember that these campsites are very remote and fairly harsh. All but a couple of campsites were occupied by fellow astronomers. In the wilds, where there is no law, I find that people tend to be more respectful of property than back in the rat race. Everyone decided what to do with their own gear. Most just left it set up covered. Some moved it into tents. No one put it in their car that I know of. I had so much stuff (extra OTAs) that I set up a tent just for gear storage (i.e., a warehouse) and put stuff not in use in that tent.
This was a very enjoyable trip. I'm in the midst of planning the big 2013 trip now. I'll provide details in the General Observing forum on CN once plans start to firm up. Y'all will be invited. The more the merrier. The 2013 trip will be a truly jaw-dropping, once in a lifetime epic. Oh, okay, twice in a lifetime for me. I plan on repeating a 2008 solo dark sky outing I undertook, but extending it in time geography a bit.
Posted 26 August 2012 - 02:31 PM
Posted 26 August 2012 - 04:42 PM
i stayed in an air conditioned valley motel rather than go in for a camper's exposure to heat, but that also meant i missed the hike to the petroglyphs, which is a great adventure read as well. i'm glad you posted the picture of the valley from low on the wall of the hike, with the verdant canal in view. i had never seen the bishop area before and it was an eye opener. bishop is like a town in the 1950's, a major trucking lane down main street and tree lined residential blocks in a beautiful, deep mountain valley.
it was a pleasure meeting neil and absorbing his theories on achromatic refractors and his tale of optical theory disputes on CN, which made jim laugh out loud. and it was very kind of you jim to loan me the use of your CPC-1100 for the trip at the price of a collimation.
the variety of telescopes and mountings was enlightening to use, and the sky was beautiful, with the summer milky way rising at about half zenith, visible to the horizon pole to pole and in great detail. the seeing was very good, and sharpened my dissatisfaction with my coastal conditions and led me to take steps to remedy it.
as i said the mix of personalities was very congenial and there was an air of collaboration that was welcoming and also instructive (jim's demonstrations of the AP140, several eyepieces and a small mak cass; neil's small achromat), which i feel reflects very well of jim's spirit as a leader.
i look forward to a future session at the farm.
Posted 26 August 2012 - 05:01 PM
Posted 26 August 2012 - 05:28 PM
Eh up, bringing me out of retirement like this…. Shame on you!
Man, that was a quick CN publication?
Great stuff!
Ah, fond memories!
Where did the cobalt blue skies go? Those majestic Sagittarius Star Clouds? Those aethereal mountain views and mysterious petroglyphs? The whacky jokes, the impossible stories, the wicked banter…..and the high of imbibing on super strong ale at journey's end.
Seems like it happened a lifetime ago now……sigh.
You're right about the effects of high altitude. I think, in retrospect, that I was working at ~ 80% cognitive capacity for much of the week…..and it showed at times.
You never mentioned that Mr. Bean moment where I walked into and broke your patio door on the morning after the landing. Ermm , sorry 'bout that.
The whole trip – the people I met and the places I visited- were a great inspiration to me and I consider myself very fortunate to have lived it.
All I can say is a Big Thank You! for inviting me over and putting me up.
Your life will never be the same again.
Seriously though, CN is very fortunate indeed to have someone like you on board.
But you know what they say don't you?
veritas in caritate!
Your chum in the sun,
Pictured below:
The loony contubernium: Left to Right: Yours truly, JR, Tom, Randy, Brucy, Lonnie, Jeff & Reuben.
Attached Files
Posted 26 August 2012 - 05:29 PM
Attached Files
Posted 26 August 2012 - 05:35 PM
it was a pleasure meeting neil and absorbing his theories on achromatic refractors and his disputes on CN, which made jim laugh out loud.
Eh up Bruce!
'twas a pleasure to meet you too. I do need to read some more philosophy
Best regards,
Posted 26 August 2012 - 06:15 PM
For context, that shot is from a portion of the trip that, in the interest of space and CN bandwidth, I left out. Neil, Jeff, Reuben and I went four wheeling in the Alabama Foothills, at the base of Mount Whitney. It is a filming locale used for dozens of Hollywood films. In fact, the main road is called "Movie Road".
That boulder was surreal. I also liked the the big rock pile we visited first.
Here are a few more shots for posterity.
That's Tom's big, multi-room tent.
Chateau Bowling (Lonnie's tent).
Looking down on Bishop from 9500 feet, across the Owens Valley to the Sierras.
Nice interplay of sunlight on a Bristlecone.
Posted 26 August 2012 - 06:18 PM
Posted 26 August 2012 - 06:58 PM
Posted 26 August 2012 - 07:39 PM
Posted 26 August 2012 - 08:37 PM
the motel is your classic concrete block backpacker's crash pad with a supercapacity air conditioner and a sign in the bathroom that asks guests please not to use the towels to clean engine parts. highly recommended.
Posted 26 August 2012 - 08:56 PM
You'll be only 12 hours away from next year's destination. We citizens of the People's Republic of California will have a 19 hour drive to the site. I'm hoping some of our CN colleagues from Kansas, Nebraska, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas can make it. It'd be fun to have a big, ad hoc, CN group gathering.
I'll provide details in a couple of weeks. We're looking at the first week of September 2013.
Posted 27 August 2012 - 12:39 AM
Tuesday night Ruben and I were commenting on what we assumed was the light dome of Bishop to the north, a faint greenish glow. Duh, Bishop is almost due west of Grandview. I did some snooping about when I got home and it seems there was a pretty strong sky glow and oxygen wave event that night. I'd seen auroras as a kid in Illinois but that was a first for me. The viewing was good every night but Thursday night was something special.
Great trip, I'd do it again on a moment's notice.
Posted 27 August 2012 - 07:02 AM
Posted 27 August 2012 - 10:03 AM
Where is your 2013 trip?
Posted 27 August 2012 - 10:48 AM
Posted 27 August 2012 - 12:29 PM
Posted 27 August 2012 - 03:32 PM
Have you ever been to Cherry Springs State Park in Pennsylvania?
It's quite nice for astronomy and about 5 hours from the Big Apple, give or take an hour for traffic depending on day and time of departure.
Posted 28 August 2012 - 05:38 PM
I've observed from the north of the Grand Canyon and had marvelously dark skies.
I have a few potential sites in mind. At this point, all I can say is that it will be in the Four Corners region; whether Arizona, New Mexico, Utah or Colorado is TBD. Whatever we come up with, it will include lots of interesting outdoor activities of both the daytime and nighttime varieties, some naturalism, archaeology and/or paleontology, geology, mineralogy, hiking, trekking, etc.
There are many decent viewing sites from north of Flagstaff to the AZ border.
Extreme SE AZ in the Chiricahua Mtns is also great viewing (that's SE of Tucson).
Don't overlook the Tonopah NV area, too. One of the "black" LP zones.


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Hello there
I have 2 servers I can choose to use as a front end (no MTA, no LDAP) and I am wondering witch one to use:
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those servers will host about 100 accounts in the begining. I am not sure if the dual slower cpu will work better than the single 1ghz (just a little bit faster ??)

subset: commoncrawl


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Qantas international flights from Mumbai
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Probe Tube Microphone
Application ID: 12781
It is often not possible to insert a normal microphone directly into the sound field being measured. The microphone may be too big to fit inside the measured system, such as for in-the-ear measurements for hearing aid fitting. The size of the microphone may also be too large compared to the wavelength, so that it disturbs the acoustic field. In these cases, a probe tube may be attached to the microphone case in order to distance the microphone from the measurement point. In this model, the effect on the microphone's sensitivity due to the addition of this small probe will be investigated.
This is a time-dependent model of a generic probe tube microphone setup consisting of an external acoustic domain, an elastic probe tube, and the cavity in front of the microphone diaphragm. The probe tube, modeled using the Pipe Acoustics, Transient physics interface, is connected to two separate 3D pressure acoustics domains, leading to a fully coupled acoustics simulation. This model requires the Pipe Flow Module.


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Click on a picture to see a larger version of it.
PB Guide Service is a licensed outfitter owned and operated by Registered Maine Guide Paul Beauregard, who has over three decades of experience guiding bear, moose, and deer hunters in Maine.
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English majors, minors and faculty gathered in the A.A. Smith House for their annual Victorian Feast, hosted by the Sigma Tau Delta English honor society.
English majors, minors and faculty gathered Nov. 8 in the A.A. Smith House for a Victorian Feast, sponsored by Sigma Tau Delta, the English honor society. This annual tradition offers those in the department a chance to gather and celebrate Thanksgiving and the holiday season while dressed as their favorite literary character (photo, left). It is an opportunity for the department to form a community outside the classroom and enjoy a delicious meal.


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More Information
News & Notes - Theater Awards; Eagle Scout
Published: Tuesday, December 31, 2013 at 9:46 p.m.
Last Modified: Tuesday, December 31, 2013 at 9:46 p.m.
Wilmington Theater Awards Jan. 23
WILMINGTON | The StarNews and Thalian Hall present the third annual Wilmington Theater Awards at 8 p.m. Thursday, Jan. 23, at Thalian Hall, 310 Chestnut St.
The evening's events, hosted by Jeff Phillips, will honor the best of Wilmington theater in 2013 and feature performances by some of the city's most talented actors and singers. Musical direction will be by Lorene Walsh of Opera House Theatre Co.
Tickets are $15, and may be purchased at www.ThalianHall.org. For more information, call 632-2285.
Medon attains Eagle Scout status
WILMINGTON | Thomas A. Medon, 16-year-old son of Scott and Margaret Medon, earned the rank of
Eagle Scout in mid-December.
A member of Troop 237, Medon began his Scouting career in 2003, eventually earning Arrow of Light with Cub Scout Pack 732.
He earned 28 merit badges and his Eagle Scout service project was an outdoor classroom at MCS Noble Middle School.
Medon is a junior at Laney, where he is a member of the Beta Club.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


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May 25, 2016
If the changing of the season is a pleasant reminder that the holidays are right around the corner, you're not alone!!
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London 2012 - DPR Korea's duet form a "W" while sculling under water.
London 2012 - Synchronized swimmers spend much of their time upside down underwater. Here team Italy warms up for duets.
London 2012 - Team China begin their routine in duets and finish second to advance to the final.
London 2012 - Team Mexico achieve excellent elevation out of the water and wear genuine smiles during the duets qualifying round.
London 2012 - Sisters Park Hyunha and Park Hyunsun of South Korea receive scores high enough to secure a place in the synchronized swimming duets final
London 2012 - Mary Killman and Mariya Koroleva perform their "Olympic Torch" duets routine and secure spot #11 of 12 for the final.


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Skip to Section Subnavigation Skip to Page Content
Skip to Page Content
Please use the search form on the right to find a CCDS faculty or staff member. You can narrow your search by entering the first part or all of the first and/or last names, and you can select a department from the drop-down list. Individual directory listings will include a staff member's name, school contacts (phone and email), as well as degrees completed. Some listings will include a biographical information.
For a list of departmental contacts, click here or on "CONTACT US" at the bottom of any CCDS web page.


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New York, NY (Sports Network) - The MLS Disciplinary Committee announced late
Monday that Red Bull New York midfielder Juninho has been suspended for one
additional game and fined an undisclosed amount.
The Brazilian was issued a red card after kicking the ball at Sporting Kansas
City goalkeeper Jimmy Nielsen in stoppage time of their game on April 17.
Juninho's actions were deemed as violent conduct that endangered the safety of
his opponent.
Because an automatic one-game suspension follows a red card, the MLS
Disciplinary Committee's punishment brings Juninho's total ban to two matches,
keeping him out of New York's league contests against the New England
Revolution last weekend and Toronto FC on April 27.
The Sports Network


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WALDORF, Md. (WUSA) -- Charles County Sheriff's Office says the reward for information in a double shooting that killed a Waldorf woman and injured her husband has tripled.
A reward of up to $15,000 is available for anyone with information about the shooting of 40-year-old Teresa Ann Bass and her husband in the Hampshire neighborhood. The husband remains hospitalized with serious injuries, say officials. The St. Charles Companies with the Hampshire Neighborhood Association and management agent Property Management Enterprises contributed $10,000 toward the reward.
Detectives are still trying to determine motive. They welcome tips.
Anyone with information about this case is asked to contact the CCSO at 301-932-2222. If you wish to remain anonymous, then call Crime Solvers at 1-866-411-TIPS or Text CHARLES + your tip to CRIMES.


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Do you like to wrestle with farm animals while scantily clad? WE DO. Bra ads are always kind of awkward – especially since every Victoria's Secret ad seems to indicate that their bra will make you sprout wings and strut, just strut like some kind of fake-winged banshee – but these retro ones? These ones are special. Even uplifting! Or downlifting, maybe!
Weird Retro Bra Ads (Sometimes With Farm Animals!)
- 5 years ago by Jennifer Wright
- 2 Comments »
- Share a Tip
|Poll: How Often Do You Wash Your Bras?
|The Manswer: Dudes Love Breasts, But Don't Really Care About Bras
|Gallery: The World's 10 Weirdest Bras


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* After a short distance, about 1 mile it started to really cut out. I was able to drive it home but seemed to be loosing power at higher speeds, once in town behaved better. Got it home then it was dead. Sometimes would electrically be there until you hit the start switch then die. After a while it started up, I drove it a short distance about 3 blocks and it started to cut out again. Took it home again and its dead again now.
I experienced intermittent power loss at 90 kph and almost total stoppage once i reach the city and dropped to the 50kph speed limit.
Page created in 0.071 seconds with 35 queries.


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Private Creditors Never Take Losses
Watching the Europeans go through their gyrations over Greece, it's striking that so little of the commentary focuses on the true issue that is at stake for policymakers: the financial health of the holders of current Greek debt. Stay with me on this, because I'll show you how it impacts current policy in the US. There is something afoot called the "Vienna alternative" under which | Read More »


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10 Spoon Rests to Catch the Drips
Product Roundup
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(Image credits: JD Wolfe Pottery; Canvas; Pigeon Toe Ceramics; Anthropologie; Muds Evolution Pottery; The Cupcake Kid; Crate & Barrel; Alessi; Mudamorphosis)


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Libido-boosting foods
by Ashley Macha
It can take more than just a few candles and a Marvin Gaye song to feel sexy. A healthy lifestyle—from the food you eat to the exercise you do—can make you look and feel better, and improve your sex life, too. At the same time, some foods can be mood- and libido-killers.
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Next: Strawberries
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Jun 22 2011
Planning Electrical Wiring for your New Garage, Outbuilding or Carport Plan – The Garage Plan Shop
When building a detached garage plan, shed, outbuilding, barn or carport, The Garage Plan Shop recommends planning ahead when it comes to electrical wiring. All of the above mentioned structures are flexible and can be used for of a variety of purposes, so the first thing you need to think about is how you will use the structure. Will you use your garage or carport just for parking cars? Will you need lighting in your garden shed? Do you plan to use power tools in your outbuilding? Knowing how you plan to use your new addition will help you plan for electricity.
Begin by hiring a licensed electrician to help you. Let this professional review your garage blueprints to get a better understanding of the completed structure. With your electrician, come up with an electrical plan to accommodate your needs. This will keep you from over-wiring your structure and spending more than you need or electrical outlets, switches and fixtures. Your pre-determined electrical plan will also ensure that you have everything you need to use your new garage, carport or outbuilding the way you wish. Furthermore, it is better and less expensive to install electrical wiring during construction than it is to go back and retrofit the building for additional electrical needs at a later date.
When it comes to using power in your barn, outbuilding, shed, garage or carport, there are six main categories to consider:
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Talk with your electrician and determine what types of outlets and fixtures you'll need to accommodate your specific needs. Consider amps and voltage. Read packaging and labels to determine what each of the above items will require. Have the electrician install outlets, fixtures, switches, circuit breakers and the electrical panel accordingly to accommodate all of your needs.
Anticipating your electrical needs for your new utilitarian structure will ensure you new outbuilding, garage or shed plan will accommodate all of your needs while paying the best price by installing wiring during the construction phase instead of after the building is finished.


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WASHINGTON, DC (WUSA)-- FORCE, which stands for Facing Our Risk of Cancer Empowered, is teaming up with the Nationals for the "Passing of the Torch" event.
Passing of the Torch is commemorating National Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Week and Previvor Day.
Force is a group which supports anyone who finds themselves worried about breast and ovarian cancer running in their families.
The event happens Sunday September 25th at 1:15 PM before the Nationals take on the Atlanta Braves.
You can still purchase tickets through FORCE.


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BOARD SPECIFIC RULES 02/05/2016These are board specific rules, meant to try to make the Trades and Free Agent Signings forum better for everyone. YOU MUST READ AND ABIDE BY THESE FORUM RULES.
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2. Please provide a clearly identifiable topic title for your thread so that user's can search for and find the appropriate thread easily. The title should include any and all teams involved, as well as player names or other personnel involved as appropriate. This is to help avoid duplicate threads and to make searching easier. For any and all comments, please use the Topic Description box instead of the title.
Affixed to the front of your title should be a label that identifies the type of transaction that is taking place. For all trades use [TRADE]. For all signings use [SIGNING]. For all waiver-wire transactions use [WAIVERS]. For all rumours use [RUMOUR].
For articles or news that don't fit into the above categories, affix an appropriately label of your choice such as [NEWS], [ARTICLE] or [MISC].
3. All trades, signings, rumours and other news MUST include a linkable source. Simply posting the name of the source is not enough. Effort should also be made to copy and paste the full article, or at the very least the relevant portion of text from the source to the first post of the thread.
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Listen to our latest audios and visit our archive for more.
Here you can find audio reports produced by IUCN. Each month, we bring you the latest news and features from the world of conservation. IUCN's audios profile conservation projects on the ground, while looking into the human stories behind the headlines.
Good news for threatened species
One of the 20 'targets' under discussion in Nagoya was a target calling for the prevention of the extinction and decline of known threatened species and improvement in their conservation status by 2020. …
16 Dec 2010 | Audio
So where is the money?
During the biodiversity summit in Nagoya, governments agreed on the so-called Strategic Plan, setting 20 targets to respond to the growing threats to the natural world. But no matter how hard we try to restore and conserve nature, little progress will be made without sufficient funding. …
16 Dec 2010 | Audio
What next?
So what do governments need to do now to build on the momentum of the meeting in Nagoya? …
16 Dec 2010 | Audio
Will the ugly duckling turn into a swan?
For the past eight years, parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity have unsuccessfully tried to adopt a protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) – an agreement that would secure fair, globally-regulated access to the earth's genetic diversity and equitable sharing of the benefits it offers us. …
16 Dec 2010 | Audio
New water project gives new hope to vulnerable people
A new water governance project for the Mesoamerica region was launched today in Cancun, Mexico, during the UN climate talks. …
03 Dec 2010 | Audio
What can we expect from Cancun
After the failure in Copenhagen by world leaders to commit to binding targets for reducing climate warming emissions, hopes for a breakthrough in climate negotiations starting at the end of November are not high. Key solutions such as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation, making sure new and additional money is avaiable for developing countries to fight the impact of a warmer planet, and Adaptation will help restore lost confidence, according to IUCN's Ninni Ikkala. …
10 Nov 2010 | Audio
Businesses on board – for biodiversity
Finding ways for businesses to become more involved in helping to halt and reverse the current loss of biodiversity will be the main focus of the International Business and Ecosystems Dialogue, which will take place on Tuesday 26th Oc tober in Nagoya, Japan. The dialogue coincides with the 10th Conference of Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in Nagoya, which will set targets for the next ten years to reduce the global rate of biodiversity loss. …
18 Oct 2010 | Audio
Safeguarding livelihoods in a changing climate: progress in Mozambique
Adaptation to changing weather patterns, some of which may be attributable to climate change, is highly important for people's livelihoods and to help them become more resilient to environmental hazards. Through its Climate Change and Development Project (CCDP), IUCN is working with local and national stakeholders to develop adaptation measures which will sustainably safeguard local livelihoods and habitats into the future. …
01 Oct 2010 | Audio
Sacred Sites - their cultural and natural significance
The diversity of life, apart from biological diversity, also includes our diversity as human beings: our wealth of knowledge, practices, beliefs, values and forms of social organization. But all this is, in fact, inextricably linked with nature: over the centuries, our ancestors have developed ways of interacting with the environment by assigning spiritual values to certain species and places. …
01 Oct 2010 | Audio
The economic costs of losing the planet's biodiversity
As the world continues to deal with the impact of the global economic crisis, the link between the economy and the natural world has never been more critical. In Nagoya, Japan, at the 10th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, or CBD, the latest findings of The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) study will be presented, with experts hoping to highlight the growing cost of biodiversity loss and degradation of the natural environment.
Joshua Bishop, IUCN's Chief Economist, explains why the TEEB study is so important to discussions in Japan.
01 Oct 2010 | Audio


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All branches closed for Memorial Day, May 30th.
Unexplained? What's the Evidence, Asks Regional Author
Great River Regional Library has purchased a six-title series of nonfiction books for children called "Unexplained, What's The Evidence?" Titles include "Are Aliens Real?", "Is ESP Real?", and "Are Ghosts Real?"
The books were written by Patrick Perish. He is the son of Cathy Perish, Eagle Bend Library Assistant. According to Cathy, Patrick spent many childhood nights under the covers with a flashlight and a good book, and he was particularly interested in aliens, ghosts and other unexplained mysteries. He lives in Minneapolis and continues to write and edit children's books.
To request any of this series via the online catalog, complete an author alphabetical search for Perish, Patrick.


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An abridgment of the 6 volume Matthew Henry's Commentary on the Bible.
Widely considered one of the best tools available for Bible study, the Reformation Study Bible is edited by theologian R.C. Sproul and contains thousands of in-depth study notes compiled from over 50 distinguished biblical scholars.
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Pastors with a passion for sound exposition and scholars with a heart for pastoral leadership have joined forces to produce this exciting commentary series.
Each volume, informed by the best of up-to-date evangelical scholarship, presents passage-by-passage commentary based on the NIV along with background information on authorship, setting, theme and various interpretive issues. A unique format allows the main commentary to focus on the vital message of the New Testament for today's church, while bottom-of-the-page notes include valuable scholarly information to support those who use the volumes as a resource for preaching or teaching preparation.
Seldom have such readable commentary and reliable research helps been available in the same volume! Preachers, teachers, students and other individuals who want to dig deep into the heart of the New Testament will find an indispensable companion in the IVP New Testament Commentary Series.
This work is based on a series of sermons preached at Kensington Baptist Church in Bristol. In it, you'll learn to recognise how the Gospel of Mark is connected to the Old Testament prophets in ways that give us a new understanding of the mission of Jesus Christ. Generously provided by Evangelical Press.
A Ransom for Many: the Gospel of Mark Simply Explained (Welwyn Commentary Series); Wilmhurst, Steve; © 2011 EP Books.


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House GOP leader in favor of gay marriage
SPRINGFIELD, Ill. (AP) -- A House Republican leader has announced his support for legalizing gay marriage in Illinois.
Rep. Ed Sullivan Jr. of Mundelein (MUHN'-duh-leyen) said Monday his position is influenced by his mother-in-law. She's been in a lesbian relationship for about 20 years.
Sullivan is the second GOP House member to support gay marriage and the first member of Minority Leader Tom Cross's leadership team.
The proposal got Senate approval in February. Supporters expect a House vote soon.
House Speaker Michael Madigan -- a Chicago Democrat -- has said the issue is a dozen votes short of 60 needed. Advocates say it's closer.
Other Republicans could jump aboard with Sullivan's announcement. And Republican U.S. Sen. Mark Kirk came out in favor of gay marriage last week.
The bill is SB10
Online: http://www.ilga.gov
CHICAGO (AP) -- Gov. Pat Quinn says he's confident same-sex marriage will become law in Illinois.
Quinn told reporters in Chicago on Monday that supporters are "very close" to the votes needed in the state House to pass legislation that grants same-sex couples the same rights as heterosexual couples.
The Illinois Senate already approved it. But getting the 60 votes needed in the House is proving harder.
Quinn didn't suggest a current vote count, but he said "we're going to get it done."
The Chicago Democrat says he's reached out personally to ask legislators to support the measure.
If the bill does become law, it would make Illinois the 10th state to allow same-sex marriage. The state approved civil unions in 2011.


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You searched for: Collections Medicine in the Americas, 1610-1920 Remove constraint Collections: Medicine in the Americas, 1610-1920 Subjects World War I Remove constraint Subjects: World War I Titles Ambulance company training and equipment Remove constraint Titles: Ambulance company training and equipment Dates by Range 1900-1949 Remove constraint Dates by Range: 1900-1949 Start Over
1 to 1 of 1
Search Results
- Author(s):
- Bastion, J. E., author
Webster, H. B. (Harrison Briggs), author
- Publisher:
- [Camp Greenleaf, Ga.?] : [publisher not identified], 1918
- Subject(s):
- Ambulances
Equipment and Supplies
Military Medicine -- organization & administration
World War I
United States


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For my first D&D 4E epic adventure, I decided to go big... Floating amidst the Elemental Chaos the remains of three separate primordials destroyed during The Dawn War have formed in to a star-like ball of fire a mile wide and two Dyson shell-like spheres of pure crystal and stone. And, of course, someone's trying to revive one of those primordials and cause mischief.
And it's not *really* sci-fi... Honest!
WIP done entirely in Adobe Fireworks CS5. More to come once I decide what's on the other four islands.


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TORONTO - The Toronto Red Knights are coming off a strong 6-4 showing and, according to coach Eric Meek, three things have to happen in order for them to improve on that in 2012.
"The first thing we have to do is stay healthy," he said. "Second, our O-line has to improve day-by-day. Third we have to be able to tackle.
"Those are the things we have to do, and I have faith in our team that we can do them."
Meek says the health portion of that equation is something every other team Toronto's size has to deal with. He feels on his team it will be most important for his line.
"Most Division VI teams are in the same boat as we are," he said. "With only around 30 kids, injuries can destroy your team.
"It's almost like Division VI is survival of the fittest. If you can stay healthy, you are fortunate. It's not easy to coach Division VI. At Weir, we had around 60 kids. It's a challenge to coach Division VI, and I enjoy that challenge.
"It's vital we stay healthy on the line. We have more smaller, quick kids than linemen on this team."
The line will be led by a pair of returning starters at the guard positions in senior Jake Haynes and junior Billy Solomon.
"Those two kids have to be leaders," Meek said. "They are the only returners on the line."
Holding down the center position will be senior Zach Price. The tackle slots look to be held down by juniors Jordan Allen and Josh Roche with senior Tyler Andrews fighting for a spot there as well.
Others vying to add depth to the Red Knights' offensive line are sophomores Mitch Reese, Joey Walters, Jerod Sutherin, and Alec Haynes, along with freshmen Hayden Saner and Sean Spence.
The line is learning a new blocking scheme, but Meek feels this shouldn't be a problem.
"The zone blocking scheme we'll be using is possibly easier than what we did past two years," Meek said. "It is something that is more 1-on-1."
The reason for that new blocking scheme may be a surprise to people familiar with Toronto under Meek.
"We will spread it out this year," he said. "We can't line up in double tight and pound the ball up the middle with our personnel this year. The past two seasons we've had to do that, but not now.
"Hopefully our offense this season will help show I'm not as stubborn as people think I am."
Meek says the team he is fielding in 2012 is different than any team he's fielded during his coaching career.
"For the first time in my career, I have a team that is small and fast," he said. "Not only do we have speed, but we have young speed.
"Only (wide receivers) Joey Chadwick and Kyle White are senior skill players. We want to play smart, create seams by spreading it out, and utilize our speed."
The frontrunners to handle the signal calling duties in this new spread offense are as young as they come. Freshman Blaze Glenn is tabbed as the starter with classmate Blaine Rawson slotted as his backup.
Meek does have some experience behind them if needed.
"Blaze doesn't carry himself like a freshman," Meek said. "He seems to have a lot of poise so we feel confident in his ability to run the offense. We have another freshman in Blaine Rawson with a lot of potential.
"Joey Chadwick is an option here as well. He played some quarterback at the end of last season so we feel confident in bringing him in if necessary. (Sophomore) Nate Stewart can also play here so we have some depth at quarterback.
"All four have picked up the system."
Junior Chez Glenn, Blaze's brother who transferred from Steubenville, will hold down the tailback position. Sophomore Charles Ross III will back him up and see significant carries as well. Also fighting for touches are junior Tyler Miller along with freshmen Cody King and Chantz Cassella.
The past two seasons, receivers tended to be an overlooked part of the Toronto offense as they typically were used as blockers. This is something Meek feels will change this season.
"I think in this offense you would see more passes on first down than in the past," Meek said. "I think we have the personnel to throw the ball this year. The playbook will best fit our personnel."
Chadwick and White return as starters at receiver. Looking to join the rotation at receiver are junior Justice Ross, Stewart along with freshmen Donnie Starkey, Brandon Mitchell, and Joe Jordan.
Junior Derick Lawrence and freshman Drew Lowery are fighting to claim the starting tight end spot with freshmen Hank Clegg and Connor Williamson also looking for playing time.
Defensively the Red Knights, who run a 4-4, have to find a way to offset their lack of size, especially when larger opponents are across the field.
"Our biggest question on defense is if we can tackle," Meek said. "We are going to put our best people in the right position and have to hope to not get run over by bigger teams."
Jake Haynes and Allen are set as the starters at defensive tackle. Alec Haynes, Sutherin, and Spence are all vying for time as well.
Roche and Price look to start at defensive end with Lawrence fighting to claim a spot. Williamson and Walters are also pushing to see action.
Solomon, Miller, and Charles Ross III will all see time at inside linebacker with King and Reese battling to get in the mix as well.
The rotation at outside linebacker will be White and Stewart with Lowery looking to get playing time also. Clegg and Saner hope to see time as well.
Chez Glenn will start at safety with his brother Blaze Glenn manning a corner slot along with returning starter Chadwick and his six interceptions from a year ago at the other corner.
Others hoping to play in the secondary are Starkey, Mitchell, Rawson, Ross, Jordan, and Cassella.
Toronto opens its season Friday at 7:30 p.m. at Wellsville.


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Whale Watching and Sea Turtle Adventures in Coastal Mexico
If you are a nature lover, a Mexico vacation villa is the perfect place to enjoy an eco-friendly trip without sacrificing comfort or luxury. Along the western coast of Mexico, where the seaside fishing town of Troncones is located, it is common to have both whale sightings and regular sea turtle releases. These sights can be enjoyed either from your private beach villa at Casa de la Sirena or as part of one of the tours or nature preservation organizations that make their home here.
Sea Turtles in Troncones
The journey of newly hatched sea turtles to the ocean is one that has gained much publicity in recent years. The treacherous path these turtles take is fraught with natural predators and dangers, and few babies make it on their own.
Because this part of Mexico is a natural habitat for sea turtles, the locals and preservation groups have put a lot of effort into saving sea turtles and helping them to avoid extinction. In fact, just a few miles along the stretch of beach outside Casa de la Sirena, you'll find pens where sea turtle eggs have been buried. The pens are put up to help protect the eggs from predators, and also help mark where visitors can look to watch the miraculous hatching of the eggs.
Most sea turtle babies are hatched in the morning, so you have to be an early riser to get the best show. You'll find all sorts of species, from the green turtle and the leatherback to the olive ridley. The most common hatching activity takes place during the summer months.
Whale Watching in Troncones
There aren't any professional whale watching tours stationed here, but that doesn't mean you can't catch a good show. In fact, if what you're after is a private and incredible whale watching experience, you can't do any better than Troncones.
Throughout the winter months (December through March is the peak whale watching season), thousands of California gray whales migrate from the northern seas to the central Pacific coast. There are also common sightings of humpback and blue whales during this time, and scientists report the existence of up to 23 species of whales and dolphins in all.
The whales' activities during this time are many, and you can not only watch as they feed and frolic in the crystal blue waters, but you can also catch a glimpse of their newborn calves. Many of our guests report sightings from their private Mexico beach villas, although you can also charter a boat to get closer to the action.
Enjoy Nature on Your Terms
If you're planning a Mexico beach vacation, be sure and set aside some time for nature watching. It doesn't matter if you spend a morning sipping coffee and watching whales from your private terrace, or if you make the journey to watch the incredible sea turtles as they start their lives—these are the kinds of things you can only experience in Mexico.


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NCL strongly believes that guests with special needs are indeed special. Each ship offers designated staterooms with wider doorways and bathrooms that will accommodate wheelchairs and staterooms with lights and under-pillow vibrating alarms for guests with hearing impairments. Guide dogs are permitted on all NCL ships. Many staterooms have refrigerators that can be used to store medications that must be kept cold. Guests who need oxygen or require oxygen therapy are welcome on all NCL ships; they must supply their own oxygen
Any physical disability or request requiring special treatment or attention must be reported to NCL's Passenger Courtesy Department when the reservation is made. NCL reserves the right to refuse or to revoke passage to anyone in such physical or mental condition as to be unfit for travel or who, in the judgment of the carrier, may endanger the safety or comfort of other guests.
Guests with disabilities must be self-sufficient and should travel with a another guest who can provide assistance during the cruise.
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Select staterooms are available on most ships for guests with hearing disabilities. Among the adaptive devices to make their cruise more enjoyable are in-stateroom lights and vibrating alarms that fit under a pillow and alert the guest to a doorbell, phone or emergency situation.
Guests who need oxygen or require oxygen therapy must supply their own oxygen.
Wheelchair Users
Guests must provide their own wheelchairs. Only collapsible, three-wheel "Amigo-type" wheelchairs can be brought on board the ship. The chairs must be powered by gel-cell batteries. Due to safety regulations, NCL will not accept any wet-cell or acid battery-powered wheelchairs on board the ships. The wheelchair battery recharger must be adaptable to 110 voltage.
Wheelchairs may not be used to transfer from the ship to a tender. Guests in wheelchairs may not be able to participate in all shore excursions.
NCL maintains a limited number of wheelchairs on our private island, Great Stirrup Cay, that are specially designed for use on sand. They are available on a first-come, first-served basis. * Any physical disability or medical condition that requires special treatment or attention must be reported to NCL's Passenger Courtesy Department when the reservation is made.
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text: may possibly be hunting wyoming region e or d for muleys this fall.. how is the public land as far as hunting pressure and access? i know they arent trophy areas but would like to know if there is still a huntable amount of bucks left??? any info would be greatly appreciated!!!


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Cleveland, OH (Sports Network) - Ben Roethlisberger's return may come too
little and too late for the Pittsburgh Steelers to achieve their goal of an
AFC North title.
Emergency starter Charlie Batch threw three interceptions and the Steelers
turned the ball over eight times in all during an ugly 20-14 road loss to the
Cleveland Browns that could impact their postseason chances later on.
Trent Richardson had 112 yards from scrimmage and rushed for a go-ahead
touchdown in the third quarter to help the Browns (3-8) register only a third
victory in their last 25 matchups with the division-rival Steelers, but the
Cleveland defense turned out to be the biggest stars of the game.
The Browns recovered five fumbles -- including one each by four different
Pittsburgh running backs -- in addition to their three picks of Batch and
scored 17 points off the Steelers' litany of errors.
Brandon Weeden added a touchdown pass while completing 17-of-26 throws for 158
yards with an interception for the Browns, who are now 3-3 following an 0-5
beginning to the season.
Pittsburgh (6-5), meanwhile, has now dropped two straight heading into next
week's showdown at the AFC North front-running Ravens, who dealt the Steelers
a 13-10 defeat in the Steel City last Sunday in a game Roethlisberger also
missed due to injuries to his right shoulder and ribs.
The Steelers entered the day two games behind the Ravens in the division
Cleveland also held Pittsburgh to just 242 total yards, with Batch managing
199 through the air on 20-of-34 passing.
The Sports Network


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February 20, 2014
It's not too late to start the year off right. Come to our Healthcare Open House, and find out how you can turn one day into day one.
When: February 20th between 10am - 2pm and 6pm - 8pm
You'll learn more about:
Meet potential classmates and teachers, learn about campus activities and tour the campus, and find out more information on the programs that interest you! Refreshments will also be served! Supportive staff and faculty are here to help you every step of the way.
Call for more information
Use Our Net PriceCalculator to Estimate Your Financial Aid
Be sure to reserve your spot today!
Join our online communities and share your experience with your fellow classmates.
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A date at the movies with her husband ended terribly for 45 year old Cynthia Kelley-Munzanreder. Police say they were walking back to their car in the parking lot outside the Majestic Theatre when someone shot Cynthia twice, once in the back of the head. Officers brought in a K-9 trying to find the shooter who they say got away on foot. There are no suspects in custody.
Investigators found Cynthia on the ground with her husband waiting for help. They had all their money and belongings. Detectives brought witnesses and people in the area to the station for questioning. They are struggling to find a motive.
"There's nothing to relate it to narcotics and/or gang-related activity," said Sgt. Chase Kellogg from the Union Gap Police Department.
"In these days it seems like it doesn't matter anymore if you're gang related or not," said Ernestina Florez.
Surrounding stores went on lockdown briefly, but their business continues. Larry Hall's wife works nearby at Petsmart.
"It's supposed to be one of the quieter and nicer areas to live in but any more it seems like it's getting worse," said Hall.
"It makes you wonder, you have to look over your back a lot, you don't know who to trust," said Florez.
Police call it an isolated shooting and, that Cynthia was the target of the violence that could have happened anywhere.
"It had nothing to do with the movie theater," Sgt. Kellogg said.
For police, it has everything to do with finding whoever is responsible for this terrible ending.
Misinformation on victim's condition
There was plenty of confusion on the victim's condition after the shooting. It continued early this morning when police sources told KIMA the woman died.
Then, Union Gap Police issued a news release calling this a homicide and explaining Cynthia Kelley-Munzanreder succumbed to injuries at the hospital.
KIMA got more police confirmation of her death over the phone. Then, we learned that was not the case.
Union Gap police back pedaled to say she was still alive and on life support. The Yakima County Coroner indicated this as well.
It frustrated us and we know it was the same for you. You trust us and expect that we don't tell you anything that hasn't been confirmed by authorities first. It's why Action News went to Union Gap Police myself to find out how this information was botched.
"How does that miscommunication happen?" KIMA asked.
"That's a good question. I don't know. Unfortunately, the information that I was given was that she had passed. She is currently on life support up at the hospital. I have spoken with her family up there. They're aware of the circumstances and what has transpired," said Union Gap police spokesperson Sgt. Chase Kellogg.
"Was there just a mistake within the department in communication?" Action News asked.
"I don't know if it was between the department and the hospital or department paramedics. I don't know where the communication breakdown occurred. Unfortunately, the correct information was not passed down to me at the time," Kellogg said.
"But, there was a breakdown somewhere obviously?" KIMA asked.
Yes," Kellogg said.
Sergeant Chase Kellogg told me the protocol is to get the accurate information from the emergency room.
He says in this case, his information came from the investigator in charge.


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Born from a personal quest to heal chemically burned skin, aerospace physicist Dr. Max Huber created La Mer's signature Miracle Broth™, composed of nourishing sea kelp and other potent ingredients, to transform the look of skin. Among the diverse collection of the brand's nutrient-rich skincare products is the best-selling Crème de la Mer™, one of the most sought after products in the world for healing dryness, diminishing the look of wrinkles and restoring skin's radiance.
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Worked With:
Christian Bale
Birth Name: Christian Bale
Born: 01/30/1974
Birth Place: United Kingdom
Born: 01/30/1974
Birth Place: United Kingdom
Born on Jan. 30, 1974 in Pembrokeshire, South Wales, Bale grew up in Portugal and various towns around England before finally settling in Bournemouth, Dorset, England. He was introduced to life in entertainment almost from the start - one grandfather was a vaudeville-style stand-up comic; the other grandfather was a stand-in for John Wayne on several films. His mother, Jane, was also in the business, working as a dancer and a circus performer. On the other hand, his father David was an entrepreneur, conservationist and animal rights activist who brought Young Bale to Save the Whale rallies. But it was Bale's older sister, Louise, who piqued his interest in acting - she started the craft when... Continue Bio >>
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Monday News, June 4
Hinton Barn Fire
(Hinton) -- Hinton Fire Department responded to a barn fire last evening at about 7:00 p.m. The fire was located at 19329 310th Street. Little is known at this time about the extent of damage, but fire officials were on the scene for approximately an hour and a half.
Last Day for Campaign Before Primary Election
(Le Mars) -- Today is the last day for candidates to campaign before tomorrow's primary election. In Plymouth County, there are four major races. The office of sheriff, and Districts 2,3,and 5 for the County Board of Supervisors. Polls will open at 7:00 a.m. and will remain open until 9:00 p.m. Absentee voters can still cast their vote at the county Auditor's office today. Plus absentee ballots that were mailed are to be returned to the county Auditor's office by tomorrow. Voters wishing to mail their ballots, need to have them mailed by today (Monday) in order to be eligible. KLEM will have the results of the primary election following the close of the polls. We will also have the results posted to our website.
Hospers Man Charged With Domestic Assault
(Orange City) -- Sioux County Sheriff's authorities have placed a Hospers man under arrest for domestic assault charges. 53 year old James Van Ommeren was charged after an investigation of a domestic disturbance on Sunday at about 6:40 p.m. Van Ommeren allegedly assaulted a family member. He was arrested for domestic assault, a serious misdemeanor and child endangerment, an aggravated misdemeanor.
Farmers Still Dealing With Tons of Sand After Missouri River Flooding
MISSOURI VALLEY, Iowa (AP) - Hundreds of farmers in Iowa and Nebraska are still struggling to remove sand and fill holes gouged by the Missouri River, which swelled last summer with rain and
snowmelt and overflowed onto thousands of acres of farmland.
While the river flooded parts of Montana, the Dakotas, Kansas and Missouri, the worst damage was in Iowa and Nebraska.
Iowa farmer Mason Hansen has been working for months to clear his property, but about 160 acres still look like a desert, with sand piled up to 4 feet high.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture has approved more than $20 million in disaster aid to help Iowa and Nebraska farmers with the cost of moving sand, grading land and filling holes. But most
farmers say that will cover only part of their costs.
Fort Dodge Man Arrested for Suspicion of Arson
FORT DODGE, Iowa (AP) - A Fort Dodge man has been arrested on suspicion of setting fire to a woman's apartment.
Fort Dodge police say a woman flagged down an officer about 3:30 a.m. Saturday to report a fire in her apartment. The officer started to evacuate residents from the building as firefighters were summoned.
Police say 20-year-old David Peck went to the department Saturday evening and asked to speak with investigators. He was then arrested on suspicion of first-degree arson and placed in the
Webster County jail.
White House Sends Vegetables to Ames Students
AMES, Iowa (AP) - Students at an Ames elementary school have gotten a little green from the White House.
Five students from Mitchell Elementary School traveled to Washington, D.C., in March to help First Lady Michelle Obama plant vegetables in the White House garden. On Thursday, a mystery box
arrived at the school for the students.
The Ames Tribune newspaper reports that the students opened the box Saturday. Inside were several varieties of green vegetables - broccoli, peas, lettuce and onions - from the White House garden.
The package also contained a chef's hat, a recipe for broccoli soup and note from some students who helped harvest the vegetables.
The garden project is part of Obama's initiative to combat childhood obesity.
Johnson Calls It Quits For Gymnastics
WEST DES MOINES, Iowa (AP) - Iowa gymnast Shawn Johnson is retiring, announcing yesterday that she's ending her attempts to compete in a second Olympic Games because of a lingering knee
injury. The Olympic gold medalist and 2007 world champion announced her retirement yesterday, four days before the start of the U.S. gymnastics championships. The 20-year-old from West Des Moines says she worries about long-term damage to her left knee if she continues to compete.
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Race Car Dynamics, Part IWritten by on February 7, 2003 Stock Car Racing Leads The Industry In Technology
When most of us think of new technology related to race car dynamics, we may immediately think of the major innovations coming from IndyCars and Formula 1. This is a natural conclusion, but because of recent developments, the true story is very interesting. In that particular field of science, stock car racing today may well be at the head of the class.
The evolution of the knowledge of vehicle dynamics and its history runs directly parallel to the development of passenger cars and trucks for several understandable reasons. First and foremost, the big automakers had the funds to finance extensive and expensive research. Also, the need existed to develop better suspension systems for ride comfort as well as drivability. Along with these two driving forces, there also existed the element of competition to develop more advanced cars than did other automakers in order to enhance sales. The "win on Sunday, sell on Monday" attitude has not been restricted to American automakers. Companies such as Ferrari, BMW, Toyota, Honda, and others hold the same to be true. Racing provides a unique venue to show the superior quality and advanced mechanical systems automakers have developed. Some consumers relate to and buy the cars associated with winning automakers.
Early pioneers of stock car dynamic research include individuals such as Maurice Olley and his group whose work represented much of the early progress that had been made in vehicle dynamic research. Among many other notable accomplishments, his work in the early '30s led the industry to adopt the double A-arm suspension system, or SLA (Short Long Arm) suspensions.
In 1952, Bob Schilling, head of the mechanical engineering department in the General Motors Research Laboratory Division, and his group met with a group of aircraft engineers, including Bill and Doug Milliken. The aero engineers were then contracted by GM to attempt to apply techniques that had been used in aircraft design to the study of land vehicle dynamics.
A compilation of that work, as well as other research, is contained in a book written by the Millikens and published by SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) titled Race Car Vehicle Dynamics.
Stock Car Dynamics
Competitive stock cars have usually been thought to be the "soap box derby" in all of auto racing. In several leading books on the subject of race car dynamics, stock cars are often referred to as a "particular case" and referenced by their unpredictable nature associated with handling.
It is fairly easy to adjust the handling on an open-wheel formula car with wings in the front and rear. A little more downforce at one end will effectively cure a tight ("understeer") or loose ("oversteer") condition. With the stock car, we do not have such options. The limitations and restrictions imposed by the "stock" chassis have, by their own admissions, confused many race engineers.
As the designs of exotic race cars developed, the engineers began to incorporate aero downforce into the structures of the cars. They added airfoils (wings) to the front and rear of the cars to enhance traction and to facilitate adjustments to the handling balance of the car.
Development related to chassis setup balance tended to get lost in the process. As stock car racing grew in numbers and the designs became less "stock" and more complex, racers renewed the quest for more complete information related to chassis dynamics.
During the period between the late '40s and the early '90s, no one had completely developed a way to predict how a stock car would handle. Consequently, no one was able to adjust the suspension components to attain that perfectly balanced setup. We basically knew that if we could ultimately predict the distribution of weight on the tires when the car was executing the turn, we would know how the car would handle. Historically, the predominant method used by teams to develop their setups was trial and error.
To better understand this, we need only to listen to the teams in the top three racing series today. In descending order (related to money spent for each type of race team), we quickly recognize the top three: Formula 1 is far and away No. 1, IndyCar/Cart racing is second, and NASCAR Winston Cup is third.
A casual observer would, based on the hype and subterfuge presented by the media, assume the technology existed that could accurately predict the handling characteristics of the vehicles, thereby resulting in perfectly handling race cars. When we listen to the drivers and crews, we hear a different story. In my opinion after careful observation, the Ferrari cars dominated Formula 1 (F1) in the year 2002 because they outhandled the competition. There were many races where they were admittedly underpowered, but still turned faster lap times, which comes from a better handling package. Even Michael Schumacher will tell you that he can only drive the car as fast as it wants to go.
It is the same story for American-based formula cars and Winston Cup teams. How many times have we heard a Winston Cup driver complain of a tight, loose, or unpredictable car? It seems to be hit or miss, so whether you're Schumacher or Tony Stewart, at each race you hope the crew has guessed correctly.
Trial And Error Common
What has been refined in most top racing series is the hit-or-miss art of trial and error. Advanced measuring systems used today not only record movements, pressures, and temperatures, but also the forces exerted on components. These systems are useful and necessary tools for the modern-day chassis tuner and developer. As teams compile and study this information, the fact still remains that they tend to react to, and not necessarily predict, the handling nature of their cars.
Technology has evolved based on the ability to predict the handling characteristics of a car. This is a continuation of the work that early vehicle dynamics pioneers such as Olley started. Without their efforts, none of what comes next could possibly exist.
Developing and refining this advancement in technology was a fairly long process and involved many persons past and present, but the "who" is not nearly as important as the "how" and "why." The answers to those questions begin with a short study of the history of the development of the automobile.
Automobile Development
Long before the car, we had horses and wagons. Transportation technology took a quantum leap with the invention of the locomotive trains. The first steam-powered locomotive was built in 1804 in Wales and was used in mining operations. As the design of trains advanced toward the late 1800s, so did our understanding of powered vehicles. It was inevitable that the automobile would become a vital mode of transportation.
As the auto became more popular, its chassis design became more advanced. The 1903 Ford Model A, the first production automobile, was built much like wagons with leaf-spring suspensions, similar to the stagecoaches of the early days. Power was transferred to the rear wheels via a chain and sprockets. The 1909 Model T incorporated a transmission and driveshaft for the first time, a system still in use today.
The front suspension of this car used one-piece spindles attached to the ends of a transverse (sideways to the centerline) leaf spring and a drag-link steering system, similar to that used today in many American production and racing stock cars.
Engineers working for the automakers developed the double A-arm front suspension system using coil springs. That system is the primary system used in stock car racing today.
So, the vehicle for which we are trying to predict the handling characteristics has a stiff chassis (further strengthened by a rollcage and supports at the front and rear), with a double A-arm, coil spring, front suspension, and a solid-axle rear suspension with either coil or leaf springs.
The front and rear suspension systems of these types of cars are very different from one another, both in appearance and in the way they react to the cornering forces that stock cars encounter. Therefore, we must treat each system independently and try to determine what each one wants to do as the car turns. If we can predict exactly what each desires to do, then we can match the "desires" of both to help create a truly balanced setup.
Modern Chassis Technology
Let's go back for a minute and see how chassis technology was progressing through the '50s to the early '90s. Engineers either working for or contracted by the automakers, with a heavy contribution from the General Motors group, undertook much of the research.
The primary thread of their analysis of vehicle dynamics involved a model of a vehicle that treated the body and frame as a single unit with a single center of gravity for the sprung mass. The roll centers at the front and rear were connected by an invisible line or axis, and a right-angle line between the center of gravity (CG) and the "roll" axis was the vehicle's moment arm.
A moment arm is much like a prybar or shovel handle. The CG is equivalent to the end of the bar we hold on to, and the roll centers and axis are the opposite end, which is the object we are trying to move. The longer the bar (moment arm), the more leverage we have and the easier we can move the object or, in this case, roll the car.
In the roll axis thread of technology, each end of the car was calculated to have a given "roll resistance" percentage based on spring rates and other pertinent information. In subsequent skid-pad testing, a neutral handling car was found to have significantly different roll couple numbers at the front and rear.
The handling characteristics of the car could be altered by changing the "couple" at each end, but the handling still could not be predicted. The cars were dialed in through trial-and-error methods. The "roll couple distribution" thread of vehicle dynamics analysis did not present a complete model that would by itself accurately predict a stock car's handling performance.
A New Thought
Because technology is, for the most part, universally shared among race car engineers around the world, we can be fairly sure that up until the early '90s, there did not exist a method that could be used to accurately predict the handling of either an F1 car or a stock car. In my personal discussions with motorsports engineers, I concluded that a definitive method and associated software did not exist at that time to accurately predict a stock car's handling characteristics in advance of going to a test or to a race.
In the early '90s, a method was developed that represented an advancement related to vehicle dynamics modeling. It involved treating the vehicle as two separate masses, each with its own separate suspension system.
This method made a lot of practical sense because, in a stock car, we have two "axles," each supporting the weight of that end of the car, and each resisting the lateral forces created by cornering. In physics, we are taught that everything is fluid, or somewhat flexible, and dividing the car into separate halves allows us to analyze each one independently to determine its desire. A review of early notes kept by a select few of the top stock car crew chiefs of the '80s and early '90s indicates that even then they were thinking in the context of a balanced setup. The goal was to arrange the setup so the two ends of the car would be balanced in each one's efforts, thereby providing a perfectly balanced handling car.
In 1994, a method was developed and algorithms (equations and math calculations) were written that would provide answers needed to achieve that goal. Weights and measurements from the car and racetrack were entered into a computer program, and through a series of calculations, a prediction for what each of the two suspension systems desired to do was concluded. Although the calculations were very complex, the two answers were presented as simple roll angles.
By treating each end of the car as an independent system removed from the other, we could now accurately calculate and predict to which angle each wanted to roll. It was discovered that the key to developing a balanced setup was to match the desires (roll angles) of each end. So, if the two roll angles are the same, we will have a truly balanced setup.
Why Balance Is Important
There are several critical reasons why a balanced setup is essential to optimum chassis performance. First, we can accurately predict weight transfer if the setup in the car is balanced. An unbalanced car redistributes the weight on the four tires in a very unpredictable way. If we cannot determine the desires of each end of the car, balanced or not, we then cannot accurately predict the exact amount of weight transfer and ultimately how much weight ends up on each tire at mid-turn.
Second, we will have less (almost non-existent) chassis flex with a balanced setup. Compliance, or flexing of the chassis, cannot occur if we remove the forces that cause this to happen. In 1995, a race engineer asked me what I thought of compliance. I asked if he meant chassis flexing between the axles, and he replied yes. I told him that if we could remove the forces that ultimately try to twist the chassis, we could mostly eliminate chassis flex.
Last and most important, we need to have two sets of tires that are each doing equal amounts of work at mid-turn. The pairing depends on the static weight distribution. In stock car racing, we will almost never have all four tires doing equal work (having equal weight on each tire) under most current left-side weight rules. If we can set up the car to have equal working pairs of tires after the weight transfers in the corners, then we will have a truly balanced setup.
If you carefully watch an F1 or a Winston Cup car going through a turn, you can judge what degree of balance exists. A car that is twitchy or rocks as it turns is not very well balanced. The handling may be neutral for the time being, but that does not mean both ends of the car are in sync. A car that loses a lot of speed on a particular run on the same set of tires is usually not very well balanced. The primary cause of the loss of speed due to an unbalanced setup is that the car's handling balance becomes tight or loose.
Unbalanced setups abuse one or more tires. It is this abuse that causes the tires to wear or heat up excessively. Balanced setups distribute the weight and workload evenly on each pair of tires.
The advancements that have and will come from this new approach to chassis setup will benefit all of racing. The fact that it came as a result of the unique character of the design of the stock car puts our sport right in the thick of vehicle dynamics development. Like most major technological advancements, a specific need came first, and then, through the efforts of experts in the specific field of study, came a solution.
In the next installments, we will learn about the specific dynamics of each suspension system and how we can measure and adjust each to find that perfectly balanced setup.
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The driver and crew chief need to communicate about setup. If someone guessed wrong, there's often little time to get it right.Harry Hyde was a crew chief who tried to balance his cars. He had his own method worked out and found much success in Winston Cup racing.The typical stock car has a front suspension system using double A-arms. These arms are attached to a spindle and the controlling dynamic point is called the "roll center." MacPherson strut front suspensions, a system with a roll center point similar to the double A-arm system, are being used more and more in stock car racing.Roll Axis--roll couple distribution technology was primarily developed for symmetrical suspension systems such as those found in production automobiles. This method involves calculating the resistance to roll of each suspension system. It does not take into account all of the dynamic effects associated with a race vehicle.The Roll Angle Analysis Method allows us to predict how each end of the car wants to react to the force created by cornering. If we know what each end wants to do and can alter the suspension components (such as spring rates and roll center locations), then we can design our car to have a balanced setup prior to testing or racing. This is exactly what we shoot for by trial-and-error guessing. This method saves a lot of time and frustration.Using a circle to represent the amount of weight on each tire, we can visualize weight distribution. With a low static distribution of weight (low crossweight percentage of 48-52 percent), after the weight transfer that occurs during cornering, an ideally balanced setup will have equal weight on the left-side tires and equal weight on the right-side tires.With a higher static distribution of weight (high crossweight percentage of 56-62 percent), after the weight transfer that occurs during cornering, an ideally balanced setup will have equal weight on the right-front and left-rear pair of tires and equal weight on the left-front and right-rear pair of tires.


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New Castle County Council will vote on an assisted living community in Hockessin at its Tuesday night meeting.
The plan of Summit at Hockessin creates a 185 unit assisted living facility.
If approved, the $30 million project will break ground early this spring.
The community is planned to be built in Mill Creek Hundred on the west side of Limestone Road, just north of Paper Mill Road.
"The project is timely and will meet the demands of our aging population," said Councilman John Cartier (D- Claymont).
The applicant's attorney, Wendy Stabler, said that the two historic building on the property will both remain. She said that one of the old homes may be used as an office as the units are being sold.
"Our intention is to maintain both buildings," she said.
Once completed, Summit at Hockessin will created 100 full- and part- time jobs, she said.
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