text:
May 25, 2016
Helsinki Commission Leaders Welcome Release Of Khadija Ismayilova
Press Release
Feb 5, 2016
Helsinki Commission to Probe Threats to Religious Freedom and Rule of Law in Europe and Eurasia
Press Release
Dec 16, 2015
Helsinki Commission Chair Acts to End Human Rights Violations in Azerbaijan
Press Release
Dec 16, 2015
Attacks on Press Freedom in Azerbaijan Investigated at Congressional Hearing
Press Release
Dec 14, 2015
Helsinki Commission Hearing to Scrutinize Azerbaijan's Persecution of RFE/RL Reporter Khadija Ismayilova
Press Release
Dec 9, 2015
Helsinki Commission Chair Welcomes Release of Leyla Yunus as "First Step"
Press Release
Oct 29, 2015
Helsinki Commission Briefing to Examine Serious Decline in Respect for Human Rights in Azerbaijan
Press Release
Oct 22, 2015
The Russian Govenment Violates Its Security, Economic, Human Rights Committments and Agreements
Oct 21, 2015
Helsinki Commission Chair Chris Smith Shines Light on Egregious Rule-of-Law Abuses by Russian Government
Press Release
Oct 14, 2015
Russian Rule-of-Law Abuses to Be Examined at Upcoming Helsinki Commission Hearing
Press Release
Sep 22, 2015
Helsinki Commission Chairman Calls for the Immediate Release of Ukrainian Fighter Pilot Nadiya Savchenko
Press Release
Sep 1, 2015
Investigative Journalist in Azerbaijan Sentenced to 7 1/2 Years
Press Release
Aug 17, 2015
Helsinki Commission Organizes Bipartisan Congressional Delegation to Represent United States at OSCE Parliamentary Assembly Session in Helsinki
Aug 13, 2015
Helsinki Commission Condemns Trial and Harsh Sentencing of Leyla and Arif Yunus in Azerbaijan
Press Release
Jun 12, 2015
Helsinki Commission Chair Decries Human Rights Situation in Azerbaijan as European Games Open in Baku
Press Release
Mar 19, 2015
Helsinki Commission Hearing Reviews Progress toward Accountability, Justice, and Reconciliation in Northern Ireland
Press Release
Mar 18, 2015
Northern Ireland: Stormont, Collusion, and the Finucane Inquiry
Mar 18, 2015
Hearing | Northern Ireland: Stormont, Collusion, and the Finucane Inquiry
Mar 11, 2015
Helsinki Commission to Hold Hearing on Northern Ireland: The Stormont House Agreement, Collusion, and the Finucane Inquiry
Press Release
Feb 4, 2015
Rep. Chris Smith, Sen. Roger Wicker to Lead Helsinki Commission
Press Release
Jan 30, 2015
Chairman Smith and Rep. McGovern Introduce "Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act"
Press Release
Dec 31, 2014
U.S. Helsinki Commission Chair Slams Verdicts in Navalny Trial
Press Release
Dec 30, 2014
U.S. Helsinki Commission Chair Welcomes Additions to Magnitsky List
Press Release
Dec 17, 2014
The Gang: 15 Years On and Still Silent
Dec 17, 2014
Premiere Screening of "The Gang"
Dec 10, 2014
U.S. Helsinki Commission to Host Premiere Screening of "The Gang"
Press Release
Dec 10, 2014
U.S. Helsinki Commission Chair Notes Challenges, Need for Action on International Human Rights Day
Press Release
Nov 19, 2014
Combating Corruption in the OSCE Region: The Link between Security and Good Governance
Nov 17, 2014
U.S. Helsinki Commission Marks Five-Year Anniversary of Sergei Magnitsky's Death
Press Release
Oct 16, 2014
U.S. Helsinki Commission Denounces Russia's Charges against Memorial Human Rights Group
Press Release
Sep 22, 2014
Helsinki Commission on Opening of Europe's Largest Human Rights Meeting
Press Release
Sep 10, 2014
Crackdown on Civil Society Threatens Democracy
Jul 8, 2014
15th Anniversary of the Bytyqi Brother Murders in Serbia
May 8, 2012
Helsinki Commission to Hold Briefing on Political Prisoners in Central Asia
Press Release
Mar 21, 2012
Hearing on Human Rights in Northern Ireland
Mar 15, 2012
U.S. Helsinki Commission to Hold Hearing on Human Rights in Northern Ireland
Press Release
Feb 28, 2012
Live Webcast and Witness added: U.S. Helsinki Commission to hold Hearing on Missing Persons with Queen Noor
Press Release
Feb 24, 2012
Chairman Smith Welcomes Release of Kazakhstani Human Rights Activist Yevgeniy Zhovtis
Press Release
Jan 23, 2012
Hon. Benjamin L. Cardin (Co-Chairman) - Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe
Jan 19, 2012
The Western Balkans and the 2012 NATO Summit
Jan 18, 2012
The Western Balkans and the 2012 NATO Summit
Jan 17, 2012
REVISED: Live Webcast: U.S. Helsinki Commission Hearing on Western Balkans and the 2012 NATO Summit
Press Release
Jan 13, 2012
**REVISED: NEW DATE AND TIME: U.S. Helsinki Commission to Hold Hearing on Western Balkans and the 2012 NATO Summit
Press Release
Dec 20, 2011
Chairman Smith's Belarus Democracy and Human Rights Act of 2011 Passes, Goes to White House
Press Release
Dec 19, 2011
Chairman Smith Calls for Final Passage of Belarus Democracy and Human Rights Act of 2011
Press Release
Dec 16, 2011
Chairman Smith to Hold Press Conference on Belarus
Press Release
Dec 16, 2011
Chairman Smith Statement on One Year Since Brutal Election Crackdown in Belarus
Press Release
Nov 16, 2011
Human Rights Play on Magnitsky Murder
Nov 16, 2011
Commission to Host Human Rights Play on Magnitsky Murder
Nov 15, 2011
Belarus: The Ongoing Crackdown and Forces for Change
Nov 15, 2011
U.S. Helsinki Commission to Hold Briefing on Human Rights Play on Magnitsky Murder
Press Release
Nov 8, 2011
U.S. Helsinki Commission to Hold Hearing on Belarus
Press Release
Jul 7, 2011
House OK's Smith Bill on Belarus
Press Release
Mar 16, 2011
Hearing on Northern Ireland
Mar 11, 2011
Helsinki Commission to Hold Hearing on Northern Ireland
Press Release
Jan 18, 2011
Commission Statement Regarding Unrest in Tunisia
Press Release
Dec 27, 2010
Commissioners: Khodorkovsky Conviction Highlights Continued Rights Abuses in Russia
Press Release
Dec 8, 2010
Helsinki Commission Hearing Focuses on U.S. Support for Western Balkan Countries
Press Release
Dec 8, 2010
The Western Balkans: Developments in 2010 and Hopes for the Future
Dec 8, 2010
Hearing on Challenges in Western Balkans
Dec 2, 2010
Commission to Hold Hearing on Challenges in Western Balkans
Press Release
Nov 30, 2010
Cardin: OSCE Summit an Opportunity for Clinton, Kazakhstan on Human Rights
Press Release
Nov 19, 2010
Helsinki Commission Welcomes Azerbaijan's Release of Bloggers
Press Release
Nov 15, 2010
Watch now: The Helsinki Commission Story
Press Release
Nov 1, 2010
OSCE 2010 Informal Ministerial: Kazakhstan Persistence earns a Summit in Astana
Oct 14, 2010
Commission Welcomes Appointment of Former Journalist to Russian Human Rights Council
Press Release
Sep 29, 2010
Cardin, McGovern Introduce Bills Creating Consequences for Corruption
Press Release
Sep 29, 2010
Commissioners Remain Hopeful on Yukos Verdict
Press Release
Sep 29, 2010
Hastings Introduces Resolution for Government Stability in Iraq
Press Release
Sep 15, 2010
Commission Marks 10th Anniversary of Murder of Ukrainian Investigative Reporter
Press Release
Aug 3, 2010
Commission Marks 35 Years of Helsinki Final Act
Press Release
Aug 2, 2010
Statement on a resolution marking the 35th anniversary of the signing of the Helsinki Final Act
Jul 27, 2010
Hearing on Kyrgyzstan
Jul 27, 2010
Commissioners: Democracy, Human Rights Needed for a Stable Kyrgyzstan
Press Release
Jul 27, 2010
Copenhagen Anniversary Conference: 20 Years of the Copenhagen Document
Jul 22, 2010
Helsinki Commission to Hold a Hearing on Kyrgyzstan
Press Release
Jul 21, 2010
Briefing and Documentary Screening on North Caucasus
Jul 16, 2010
Helsinki Commission Briefing and Documentary Screening on North Caucasus
Press Release
Jul 15, 2010
Senate Adopts Wall Street Reform Including Cardin-Lugar Provision to Increase Transparency and Attack Corruption
Press Release
Jul 15, 2010
OSCE Parlimentary Assembly Session in Oslo
Jul 15, 2010
Wall Street Reform: U.S. Takes Leadership in Extractive Industries Transparency
Jul 5, 2010
Senator Cardin to Lead Congressional Delegation to Norway
Press Release
Jun 29, 2010
Helsinki Commission Calls for Greater Assistance to Kyrgyzstan
Press Release
Jun 24, 2010
Chairman Cardin Decries Lifetime Powers for Kazakhstani President
Press Release
Jun 22, 2010
Cardin, Wicker Raise Rule of Law Case Ahead of US-Russia Summit
Press Release
Jun 10, 2010
Statement of Helsinki Commissioners on Balkans War Crimes Convictions
Press Release
May 25, 2010
Cardin, Hastings, Smith Call for Action on Holocaust-Era Property
Press Release
May 3, 2010
Cardin, Hastings Denounce Reprisals, Restrictions on Free Media
Press Release
Apr 26, 2010
Cardin Urges Visa Ban for Russian Officials Connected to Anti-Corruption Lawyer's Death
Press Release
Apr 26, 2010
Cardin, Hastings Dismayed over Kazakhstani Supreme Court Refusal to Review Zhovtis Case
Press Release
Apr 21, 2010
2009 OSCE Mediterranean Conference in Cairo is a Success: Highlights Importance of Revisiting Annual Conference Administration
Apr 16, 2010
Cardin, Hastings Welcome Departure of Bakiev from Kyrgyzstan
Press Release
Apr 8, 2010
Cardin, Hastings Urge Calm in Kyrgyzstan
Press Release
Mar 24, 2010
Commission Briefing on Racial Profiling Marks Day Against Discrimination
Press Release
Mar 16, 2010
Commission Supports Continued Reform in Ukraine
Press Release
Mar 15, 2010
Commission Slams Azerbaijan Over Case of Jailed Bloggers
Press Release
Mar 15, 2010
State Department Human Rights Reports
Mar 10, 2010
Cardin, Hastings: Kazakhstan Supreme Court Should Consider Case of Imprisoned Rights Activist
Press Release
Feb 2, 2010
Cardin Introduces Maryland's Ian Kelly, Nominee for Ambassador to OSCE
Press Release
Feb 2, 2010
Commission Calls for Kazakhstan to Lead OSCE by Example
Press Release
Jan 28, 2010
ROOM CHANGE: Hearing on Kazakhstan's Leadership of the OSCE
Press Release
Jan 27, 2010
The Year in Review: OSCE Human Dimension Activities in 2009
Dec 30, 2009
Corruption: A Problem that Spans the OSCE Region and Dimensions
Dec 16, 2009
Cardin Applauds Spotlight on Human Rights Treaties
Press Release
Dec 15, 2009
Cardin, Hastings Hail Passage of Human Rights Enforcement Act
Press Release
Dec 2, 2009
Co-Chairs Welcome Ruling Recognizing Russia is Bound by Energy Charter Treaty
Press Release
Nov 17, 2009
Cardin, Hastings Statement on Death of Anti-Corruption Lawyer in Russia
Press Release
Jul 20, 2009
OSCE Participating States Convene Meeting on Religious Freedom
Jul 16, 2009
Helsinki Commission Condemns Murder of Russian Human Rights Activist Natalya Estemirova
Press Release
Jun 30, 2009
Cardin, U.S. Delegation Secure Release of U.S. Prisoner in Belarus
Press Release
Jun 23, 2009
The Medvedev Thaw: Is it real? Will it last?
Jun 18, 2009
Briefing on Upcoming Kyrgyzstan Elections
Jun 16, 2009
Commission to Hold Hearing on Russia's Human Rights Record Before Presidential Trip to Moscow
Press Release
Jun 15, 2009
Commission to Hold Briefing on Upcoming Kyrgyzstan Elections
Press Release
Jun 12, 2009
Commission to Host Special Screening: "The Stoning of Soraya M."
Press Release
Jun 11, 2009
Commission to Hold Briefing on Instability in North Caucasus
Press Release
Jun 9, 2009
Helsinki Commissioners Condemn Violence Against Roma
Press Release
Jun 8, 2009
Helsinki Commission: Cardin, Hastings Statements on North Korea Sentencing of U.S. Journalists
Press Release
Jun 4, 2009
Cardin, Hastings Denounce Modern Authoritarian Regimes
Press Release
Feb 18, 2009
Screening of "Shadow of the Holy Book", A Documentary Film on Turkmenistan
Feb 17, 2009
Helsinki Commission to Co-Host a Screening of "Shadow of the Holy Book", A Documentary Film on Turkmenistan
Press Release
Jan 22, 2009
Helsinki Commission Staff Examine Impact of International Efforts in Kosovo on Human Rights
Aug 11, 2008
OSCE 101: Briefing for Civil Society
Press Release
Jul 29, 2008
Human Rights and Democratization in Azerbaijan
Jul 29, 2008
Hearing on Human Rights and Democratization in Azerbaijan
Jul 24, 2008
U.S. Helsinki Commission to Hold Hearing on Human Rights and Democratization in Azerbaijan
Press Release
Jul 8, 2008
U.S. Helsinki Commission to Hold Hearing on Guantanamo Detainees After Boumediene: Now What?
Press Release
Apr 16, 2008
U.S. Helsinki Commission Joins with European Parliamentarians to Express Support for Tibetan People
Press Release
Dec 27, 2007
Hastings and Cardin Condemn Former Prime Minister Bhutto's Assassination
Press Release
Dec 4, 2007
Helsinki Commission to Hold Briefing with Leading Belarusian Democracy and Human Right Activists
Dec 4, 2007
The Future Belarus: Democracy or Dictatorship?
Nov 27, 2007
Helsinki Commission to Hold Briefing with Leading Belarusian Democracy and Human Rights Activists
Press Release
Oct 18, 2007
Helsinki Commission Holds Hearing with OSCE PA President Göran Lennmarker
Press Release
Oct 18, 2007
Parliamentary Perspective of Challenges Facing Today's Europe
Jul 20, 2007
Guantánamo Focus of Helsinki Commission Hearing
Jun 21, 2007
Guantanamo: Implications for U.S. Human Rights Leadership
Jun 21, 2007
Mr. John Bellinger, III (Legal Adviser) - Department of State
Jun 21, 2007
Mr. Tom Malinowsky (Advocacy Director) - Human Rights Watch
Jun 21, 2007
Mr. Gabor Rona (International Legal Director) - Human Rights First
Jun 21, 2007
International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights () -
Jun 21, 2007
Hon. Benjamin L. Cardin (Co-Chairman) - Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe
Jun 21, 2007
Hon. Steny H. Hoyer (House Majority Leader) - U.S. House of Representatives
Jun 19, 2007
U.S. Helsinki Commission to Hold Hearing on Implications of Guantanamo for U.S. Human Rights Leadership
Press Release
Mar 13, 2007
Recognizing the 50th Anniversary of the Treaty of Rome
Jun 28, 2006
Belgium's Chairmanship of the OSCE
Jun 15, 2006
Human Rights, Democracy, and Integration in South Central Europe
Jun 7, 2006
Helsinki Commission to Hold Hearing on South Central Europe
Press Release
Mar 30, 2006
Remarks by Hon. Christopher H. Smith on The Coalition for International Justice
Mar 30, 2006
Remarks by Hon. Benjamin L. Cardin on The Coalition for International Justice
Mar 17, 2006
Bush Administration Report Reveals Lukashenka's Links to Rogue Regimes and Corruption
Press Release
Mar 14, 2006
Commission Warns Belarus of Repercussions for Crackdown on Opposition
Press Release
Mar 10, 2006
Helsinki Commission Probes Belarus' Elections
Press Release
Mar 9, 2006
Freedom Denied: Belarus on the Eve of the Election
Feb 24, 2006
Belarus: Freedom Denied?
Press Release
Feb 8, 2006
Human Rights, Civil Society, and Democratic Governance in Russia : Current Situation and Prospects for the Future
Feb 2, 2006
Russia: Rights in Retreat
Press Release
Jan 26, 2006
Attack on Chasidic Synagogue in Moscow
Jan 25, 2006
Helsinki Commission Turns Spotlight on Belarus
Press Release
Dec 14, 2005
Remarks by Benjamin L. Cardin on Recommending Integration of Croatia into NATO
Dec 14, 2005
Remarks by Christopher H. Smith Urging Russian Federation to Withdraw Legislation Restricting Establishment of Nongovernmental Organizations
Dec 14, 2005
Remarks by Benjamin L. Cardin Urging Russian Federation to Withdraw Legislation Restricting Establishment of Nongovernmental Organizations
Nov 18, 2005
Helsinki Commissioners Condemn Andijan Trial Verdicts in Uzbekistan
Press Release
Nov 10, 2005
Helsinki Commission to Examine Bosnian War Crimes Trials
Press Release
Nov 8, 2005
U.S. Helsinki Commissioners Express Disappointment in Azeri Elections
Press Release
Jul 13, 2005
The "Yukos Affair" and its Implications for Politics and Business in Russia
Jul 11, 2005
Helsinki Commission to Hold Briefing on Impact of "Yukos Affair" on Russian Business
Press Release
Jun 24, 2005
Russia: Human Rights and Political Prospects
Jun 23, 2005
Helsinki Commission to Hold Hearing on Latest Developments in Uzbekistan Crisis
Press Release
Jun 20, 2005
Helsinki Commission to Hold Briefing on Russian Political Landscape
Press Release
Jun 2, 2005
Helsinki Commission Chides Khodorkovsky Verdict as Arbitrary Justice
Press Release
May 19, 2005
Unrest in Uzbekistan: Crisis and Prospects
May 18, 2005
Helsinki Commission to Hold Briefing on Crisis in Uzbekistan
Press Release
May 13, 2005
U.S. Helsinki Commission Calls for Calm, Respect for Human Rights in Uzbekistan
Press Release
Apr 26, 2005
90th Commemoration of the Armenian Genocide
Mar 28, 2005
Schneerson Collection Focus of Helsinki Commission Hearing
Press Release
Mar 24, 2005
Helsinki Commission Leaders Call for Prompt Free and Fair Elections in Kyrgyzstan
Press Release
Mar 4, 2005
Helsinki Commission Leaders Visit Ukraine
Mar 2, 2005
Helsinki Commission Leaders Condemn Attack Against Roma Community in Siberia
Press Release
Jan 13, 2005
Democracy in the CIS
Press Release
Nov 24, 2004
U.S. Helsinki Commission Leaders Decry Widespread Fraud in Ukrainian Elections
Press Release
Nov 16, 2004
The Case of Mikhail Trepashkin
Nov 16, 2004
Bring Paul Klebnikov's Killers to Justice
Oct 7, 2004
Supporting Democracy in Belarus
Oct 4, 2004
Helsinki Commission Holds Hearing on Advancing Democracy in Albania
Jul 14, 2004
Advancing Democracy in Albania Focus of Helsinki Commission Hearing
Press Release
Jun 24, 2004
Unsolved Murder of Ukrainian Journalist Heorhiy Gongadze
Jun 1, 2004
Helsinki Commission Leaders Urge President Bush to Raise Russian Rights Concerns
Press Release
May 28, 2004
"Russia: Are Rights in Retreat?"
Press Release
May 5, 2004
Hearing: Northern Ireland Update: Implementation of the Cory Reports and Impact on Good Friday Agreement
Mar 16, 2004
Hearing: Human Rights and Police Reform in Northern Ireland
Mar 12, 2004
Policing and Human Rights Focus of Helsinki Commission Hearing
Press Release
Mar 2, 2004
Helsinki Commissioners Eager to Work with Georgian President to Uphold Rights
Press Release
Feb 26, 2004
Hearing: The Bulgarian Leadership of the OSCE
Feb 11, 2004
Belarusian Authorities Continue to Stifle Democracy
Feb 10, 2004
Moscow Should Engage the OSCE in Resolving the Chechen Problem
Press Release
Jan 20, 2004
Troubling Pre-Election Developments in Ukraine
Dec 22, 2003
Romania: Moving Toward NATO and the EU
Dec 11, 2003
Helsinki Commission Reviews Work of Tribunal for War Crimes in the former Yugoslavia
Dec 10, 2003
Helsinki Commission Members Engage Government Leaders at Annual Human Rights Review
Nov 25, 2003
Further Assault Against Activists in Belarus
Nov 21, 2003
Business Climate in Ukraine
Nov 10, 2003
CANCELLED Azerbaijan's Flawed Presidential Election Focus of Helsinki Commission Hearing
Press Release
Oct 31, 2003
80th Anniversary of the Turkish Republic
Oct 28, 2003
Democracy and Human Rights in Mediterranean Focus of Commission Briefing
Oct 27, 2003
Briefing: OSCE Police-Related Activities
Oct 7, 2003
Briefing: The Path to Justice in Southeastern Europe
Oct 3, 2003
Briefing: Democracy and Human Rights in the Mediterranean Partner States of the OSCE: Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia
Oct 1, 2003
Briefing: Romania: Moving Toward NATO and the EU
Oct 1, 2003
Yugoslav Tribunal President to Discuss Future of War Crimes Trials during Helsinki Commission Briefing
Press Release
Oct 1, 2003
Helsinki Commission Briefing Features Democracy and Human Rights in the Mediterranean
Press Release
Sep 30, 2003
Helsinki Commission Briefing Highlights Romania's Road to NATO and the EU
Press Release
Sep 16, 2003
Murder of Ukrainian Heorhiy Gongadze Still Unsolved After 3 Years
Sep 11, 2003
CANCELLED: Hearing: Missing Persons in Southeast Europe, Part 2
Press Release
Sep 10, 2003
Briefing: Property Restitution and Compensation in Post-Communist Europe: A Status Update
Sep 9, 2003
Hearing: U.S. Policy Toward the OSCE
Sep 4, 2003
Helsinki Commission Briefing to Examine Property Restitution and Compensation in Post-Communist Europe
Press Release
Sep 4, 2003
U.S. Policy Under Review by Helsinki Commission
Press Release
Jul 7, 2003
Helsinki Commission Members Press Belgrade to Apprehend Indicted War Criminals, Cooperate with Hague Tribunal
Jun 27, 2003
Certification of Assistance to Serbia
Jun 11, 2003
Helsinki Commission Leader Outraged as Montenegro Prosecutor Drops Charges in Human Trafficking Case
Press Release
Jun 5, 2003
Death by Torture in Uzbekistan Continues
Press Release
Jun 4, 2003
Briefing: Democracy, Human Rights and Justice in Serbia Today
May 28, 2003
War Crimes Prosecution, Human Rights in Serbia Focus of Helsinki Commission Briefing
Press Release
May 15, 2003
Briefing: Bringing Justice to Southeast Europe
May 13, 2003
Del Ponte to Survey Yugoslav Tribunal Status During Helsinki Commission Briefing
Press Release
May 8, 2003
Co-Chairman Smith Hails Incorporation of Key Provisions of Belarus Democracy Act into Foreign Relations Act
Press Release
Apr 24, 2003
Briefing: The Critical Human Rights and Humanitarian Situation in Chechnya
Apr 3, 2003
Belarus Democracy Act of 2003 Moves Closer to Passage
Press Release
Mar 27, 2003
Helsinki Commission Leaders Introduce "Belarus Democracy Act of 2003"
Press Release
Mar 14, 2003
In Memory of Zoran Djindjic
Mar 14, 2003
Assassination of Serbian Prime Minister Zoran Djindjic
Mar 14, 2003
Mourning the Assassination of Serbian Prime Minister Djindjic
Mar 12, 2003
Disturbing Developments in the Republic of Georgia
Mar 12, 2003
Helsinki Commission Co-Chairman Smith Reacts to Djindjic Assassination
Press Release
Feb 13, 2003
Helsinki Commission Leaders Call for "Accurate Assessment" of Chechnya Situation
Press Release
Feb 13, 2003
Introduction of Belarus Democracy Act 2003
Feb 10, 2003
Moscow Should Engage the OSCE in Resolving the Chechen Problem (Russian)
Jan 27, 2003
Parliamentarians Organize to Combat Corruption
Jan 15, 2003
Hearing Surveys Human Rights in Republic of Georgia
Dec 13, 2002
Commission Staff Meet with Georgian Officials while Religious Persecution Persists
Nov 14, 2002
Co-Chairman Smith's Submitted Statement to New Atlantic Initiative Conference on Belarus
Press Release
Nov 8, 2002
Turkey's Post-Election Future Focus of Helsinki Commission Briefing
Press Release
Nov 7, 2002
Putin Urged to Correct Pattern of Religious Discrimination
Press Release
Oct 29, 2002
Co-Chairman Smith Suspicious of Charge Against Journalist in Kazakhstan
Press Release
Oct 18, 2002
Shevardnadze Urged to Act on Violence Against Congregations
Press Release
Oct 15, 2002
Briefing: Intolerance in Contemporary Russia
Oct 10, 2002
Hearing: U.S. Policy Toward the OSCE
Oct 7, 2002
Russian Democracy Act of 2002
Sep 24, 2002
Hearing: The Republic of Georgia: Democracy, Human Rights and Security
Sep 20, 2002
Helsinki Commission Releases U.S. Statement on Independence of the Judiciary at OSCE Human Dimension Implementation Meeting
Press Release
Sep 19, 2002
Helsinki Commission Hearing Examines Democracy, Human Rights & Security in Georgia
Press Release
Sep 15, 2002
Statement by Helsinki Commission Co-Chairman Rep. Christopher H. Smith on the Second Anniversary of the Disappearance of Georgiy Gongadze
Press Release
Aug 6, 2002
Commission Hearing Surveys State of Ethnic Relations in Kosovo
Jul 16, 2002
Hearing: Property Restitution in Central and Eastern Europe: The State of Affairs for American Claimants
Jul 10, 2002
Helsinki Commission Hearing Examines State of Property Restitution for American Claimants
Press Release
Jun 27, 2002
Introduction of Belarus Democracy Act
Jun 26, 2002
Senate Concurrent Resolution 124--Condemning the use of Torture and Other Forms of Cruel, Inhumane, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment in the United States and Other Countries, and Expressing Support for Victims of Those Practices
Jun 20, 2002
Hearing: Human Rights in Greece: A Snapshot of the Cradle of Democracy
May 14, 2002
OSCE Seminar on Judicial Systems and Human Rights
May 8, 2002
Hearing: International Cooperation in the War on Terrorism
May 6, 2002
Russian-Chechen War Focus of Hearing
Press Release
May 3, 2002
Georgian Government Complicity in Mob Violence Against Minority Religious Groups
May 3, 2002
Murder of Ukrainian Heorhiy Gongadze Still Unsolved
Apr 26, 2002
Unpunished Religious Persecution in the Republic of Georgia
Mar 22, 2002
Escalating Violence and Rights Violations in Central Asia Subject of Helsinki Commission Briefing
Press Release
Mar 20, 2002
Re-Registration Campaign Denying Religious Freedom in Azerbaijan
Mar 19, 2002
Resolution Urging Ukraine to Ensure a Democratic, Transparent and Fair Election Process
Mar 13, 2002
Karimov Receives Helsinki Commission Letter on Uzbekistan's Human Rights Violations
Press Release
Mar 7, 2002
Briefing: U.S. Policy in Central Asia and Human Rights Concerns
Feb 12, 2002
Anti-Terrorism Conference Held in Bishkek
Feb 7, 2002
Introduction of S. Res. 205 on Parliamentary Elections in Ukraine
Jan 17, 2002
Commission Holds Hearing on Human Rights in Kyrgyzstan
Dec 20, 2001
Human Rights in Central Asia
Dec 13, 2001
Free Speech in Czech Republic
Dec 13, 2001
Ambassador Stephan H. Minikes
Dec 12, 2001
Hearing: Human Rights and Democracy in Kyrgyzstan
Oct 31, 2001
Hearing: Romania's Chairmanship of the OSCE
Sep 18, 2001
Helsinki Commission Releases U.S. Rule of Law Statement at OSCE Human Dimension Implementation Meeting
Press Release
Sep 14, 2001
Missed Opportunity in Belarus
Sep 7, 2001
Helsinki Commission Briefing Surveys Domestic Violence in the OSCE Region
Press Release
Sep 7, 2001
Briefing: Domestic Violence in the OSCE Region
Sep 5, 2001
Hearing: Civilian Police and Police Training in Post-Conflict OSCE Areas
Sep 5, 2001
Helsinki Commission Hearing Examines International Civilian Policing Efforts
Press Release
Jul 20, 2001
Co-Chairman Smith Urges President to Raise Belarus Human Rights Concerns at G-8 Summit
Press Release
Jul 20, 2001
Statement by Co-Chairman Rep. Christopher H. Smith
Press Release
Jul 19, 2001
Senate Adopts Campbell Resolution on Tenth Anniversary of Baltic Freedom from Soviet Rule
Press Release
Jun 27, 2001
Twenty-Five Years of the Helsinki Commission
Jun 5, 2001
Helsinki Commission Hearing Examines Downward Spiral in Russia's Human Rights Record
Press Release
Jun 5, 2001
Hearing: Troubling Trends: Human Rights in Russia
May 31, 2001
Status of Human Rights in Russia Focus of Helsinki Commission Hearing
Press Release
May 17, 2001
Human Rights Problems in Kazakhstan
May 10, 2001
Democracy Under Siege in Belarus
May 7, 2001
Senate & House Leaders Appoint Full Slate of Commission Members
Press Release
May 2, 2001
Ukraine Human Rights & Democracy Focus of Helsinki Commission Hearing
Press Release
May 2, 2001
Hearing: Ukraine at the Crossroads: Ten Years After Independence
Apr 26, 2001
Senate Concurrent Resolution 34
Apr 25, 2001
Human Rights, Democracy in Ukraine Focus of Helsinki Commission Hearing
Press Release
Apr 5, 2001
Atmosphere of Trust Missing in Belarus
Mar 29, 2001
Hearing: Recent Developments in and around Kosovo
Mar 21, 2001
Celebrating Greek Independence Day
Mar 8, 2001
Serbia-Otpor Organization
Mar 1, 2001
Helsinki Commission Chairman Urges Ukraine to Confront Legacy of Corruption
Press Release
Jan 12, 2001
Helsinki Commission Welcomes Efforts to Locate U.S. Aid Worker Missing in Chechnya
Press Release
Jan 5, 2001
Yugoslav Foreign Minister Assures Chairman Smith of Improved Human Rights
Press Release
Nov 2, 2000
Turkey and Possible Military Equipment Sales
Oct 1, 2000
Report on Croatia's Parliamentary Elections
Sep 27, 2000
Expressing Sense of House on Peace Process in Northern Ireland
Sep 25, 2000
Serbia Democratization of 2000
Sep 25, 2000
Calling the President to Issue a Proclamation Recognizing 25th Anniversary of the Helsinki Final Act
Sep 22, 2000
Helsinki Commission Chairman Decries Lack of Northern Ireland Police Reforms
Press Release
Sep 22, 2000
Hearing: Protecting Human Rights and Securing Peace in Northern Ireland: The Vital Role of Police Reform
Sep 21, 2000
REMINDER Helsinki Commission Hearing Probes Northern Ireland Human Rights and Policing Reforms
Press Release
Sep 13, 2000
Helsinki Commission Probes Northern Ireland Human Rights and Policing Reforms
Press Release
Sep 12, 2000
Russia's Human Rights Record Subject of Helsinki Commission Briefing
Press Release
Sep 1, 2000
Report: U.S. Statements at the 1999 OSCE Review Conference
Jul 29, 2000
Business as Usual in the Russian Federation
Jul 27, 2000
Milosevic Reign of Terror in Yugoslavia Hindering Human Rights and Democracy, Witnesses Testify
Press Release
Jul 27, 2000
25th Anniversary of the Helsinki Final Act
Jul 27, 2000
Hearing: Milosevic's Crackdown in Serbia and Threat to Montenegro
Jul 20, 2000
Briefing with Alexandr Nikitin
Jul 15, 2000
OSCE PA Delegation Trip Report
Jun 19, 2000
Albright Urged to Ensure Personal Safety of Belarus Opposition Leaders
Press Release
Jun 9, 2000
Helsinki Final Act 25th Anniversary Resolution
May 31, 2000
Helsinki Commission Chairman Condemns Russian Confiscation of Amnesty International Documents
Press Release
May 25, 2000
The Putin Path: Are Human Rights in Retreat?
May 25, 2000
Hearing: Elections, Democratization, and Human Rights in Azerbaijan
May 23, 2000
Hearing: The Putin Path: Are Human Rights in Retreat?
Mar 21, 2000
Hearing: The State of Democracy and Human Rights in Turkmenistan
Mar 16, 2000
Helsinki Commission Hearing on The Impact of Organized Crime and Corruption on Democratic and Economic Reform Announced
Press Release
Mar 14, 2000
Hearing: Protection of Human Rights Advocates in Northern Ireland
Mar 14, 2000
Helsinki Commissioners Call on United Kingdom to Promote Rule of Law through Independent Judicial Inquiries into Murders of Human Rights Defenders in Northern Ireland
Press Release
Mar 9, 2000
Hearing: Belarus at the Crossroads
Mar 1, 2000
Report: Human Rights and Democratization in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan
Feb 17, 2000
Hearing Announced on Kosovo's Displaced and Imprisoned
Press Release
Nov 16, 1999
Expressing United States Policy toward the Slovak Republic
Oct 22, 1999
Crackdown in Belarus
Oct 21, 1999
Central Asia: The
Sep 8, 1999
Briefing: Human Rights in Russia
Jul 22, 1999
Uzbekistan's Litany of Violations
Jul 15, 1999
OSCE PA Delegation Trip Report
May 11, 1999
Commission Witnesses Call for Stronger Action Against Milosevic
Press Release
May 6, 1999
Hearing: The State of Human Rights and Democracy in Kazakstan
May 2, 1999
Constitutional Impasse Continues in Belarus
Apr 27, 1999
Belarus Human Rights Record, OSCE's Advisory and Monitoring Group Under Fire at Commission Hearing
Press Release
Apr 27, 1999
Hearing: Belarus--Back in the USSR?
Apr 19, 1999
Hearing Announced: "Belarus—Back in the USSR?"
Press Release
Apr 12, 1999
Commission releases Chairman's statement on the assassination of Slavko Curuvija
Press Release
Mar 24, 1999
Briefing: Deputy Shishlov: The Decline in Human Rights, Rule of Law, Religious Liberty, and Environmental Safety in Russia Today
Mar 23, 1999
Condemning the Murder of Rosemary Nelson and Urging Protection of Defense Attorneys in Northern Ireland
Mar 11, 1999
Democratic Processes in Slovakia
Mar 10, 1999
The Serbia and Montenegro Democracy Act of 1999
Feb 9, 1999
1999-A Critical Year for Belarus
Jan 15, 1999
Hearing: Whither Human Rights in Russia?
Jan 8, 1999
Briefing: Bosnia, Croatia, Macedonia and Serbia: Electoral and Political Outlook for 1999
Dec 10, 1998
Hearing: Milosevic Versus Serbian Democracy and Balkan Stability
Dec 2, 1998
Briefing: The Ombudsman and the OSCE: An American Perspective
Oct 8, 1998
Briefing: The Status of Human Rights in Russia
Jun 19, 1998
Briefing: Belarus Opposition Leaders
May 13, 1998
Briefing: Pluralism and Tolerance in Croatia
Mar 1, 1998
Report on Political Reform and Human Rights in Uzbekistan, Kyrgystan, and Kazakstan
Sep 29, 1997
What's Next, Mr. Prime Minister? Democracy Hangs in the Balance in Slovakia on Constitution's Fifth Birthday
Jun 12, 1997
Briefing: The Human Rights Situation in Croatia
Apr 22, 1997
Slovakian Human Rights Issues
Mar 21, 1997
Briefing: The Current Situation in Croatia
Mar 1, 1997
Report on Government-Opposition Relations in Uzbekistan
Dec 12, 1996
Hearing: Political Turmoil in Serbia
Oct 30, 1996
Briefing: The Current Situation in Belarus
Oct 25, 1996
Briefing: Civil Implementation of the Dayton Peace Accords in Bosnia
Aug 2, 1996
Hungary's Relations with her Neighbors
Aug 1, 1996
Report: Serbia and Montenegro: The Prospects for Change
Jun 26, 1996
Hearing: Bosnia: Should the OSCE Certify Conditions Exist for Free and Fair Elections?
Jun 1, 1996
Report: The Albanian Parliamentary Elections
May 20, 1996
Violence in Slovakia
May 9, 1996
Briefing: Rebuilding Bosnia-Herzegovina: Strategies and the U.S. Role
Mar 14, 1996
Hearing: Challenges to Democracy in Albania
Sep 19, 1995
Hearing: Turkey-U.S. Relations: Potential and Perils
Jun 6, 1995
Briefing: Human Rights in Turkey
Oct 1, 1994
Report: U.S. Helsinki Commission Delegation to Bosnia-Herzegovina
Jul 1, 1994
Briefing: Banned Turkish Parliamentarians Discuss State of Democracy in Turkey
Jun 3, 1994
Briefing: Doing Business in Russia and the NIS: Opportunities and Obstacles
May 16, 1994
Briefing: Human Rights Law Group Briefing on Human Rights in Turkey
May 3, 1994
Briefing: Doing Business in Russia and the NIS: Opportunities and Obstacles (N/A)
Jan 1, 1994
Report: Human Rights and Democratization in Poland
Nov 3, 1993
Hearing: The Current State and Future Prospects of Democracy in Russia
Sep 1, 1993
Report: Human Rights and Democratization in Bulgaria
Sep 1, 1993
Report: Human Rights and Democratization in Croatia
May 17, 1993
Briefing: Situation of Kurds in Iran, Iraq and Turkey
Apr 5, 1993
Briefing: Human Rights in Turkey
Apr 5, 1993
Briefing: Human Rights In Turkey: Part 2
Apr 1, 1993
Report: U.S. Helsinki Commission Delgation to Romania, Macedonia, Kosovo, and Vienna
Aug 1, 1992
Report: Paliamentary and Presidential Elections in an Independent Croatia
Mar 29, 1992
Report: Albania's Second Multi-Party Elections
Jul 31, 1991
Hearing: Geneva Meeting on National Minorities and Moscow Meeting on the Human Dimension
May 22, 1991
Hearing: Democratic Developments in Albania
Aug 18, 1990
Report: Helsinki Commission on the US. Congressional Delegation Visit to Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslavkia and Berlin
Jul 18, 1990
Hearing: Copenhagen Meeting on the Human Dimension
Apr 1, 1990
Report: Congressional Delegation Visit to Yugoslavia, Romania and Bulgaria


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"All excited about the other dogs and a new place," said Melody Wells-Minthorn, about her dog Daisy's first trip to the Gallatin County Regional Park.
Wells-Minthorn and her two sons took their white great pyrenees for an early spring walk around the park's pond. The pup, who's just over a year old, drew quite the attention from passerby.
"Is that Daisy?!" said one woman. "Yes!" Wells-Minthorn replied, with a laugh.
Daisy is a local celebrity. Her missing posters went viral online after she accidentally got loose and ran away in November From Wells-Minthorn's Gallatin Valley home.
"We went on social media, and posted on Facebook," she said. Wells-Minthorn's friend, Joy Baker, set up the Facebook page, "Finding Miss Daisy" soon after Daisy disappeared.
The search spread like wildfire, as people from other areas and even states rallied online to help.
Months later, an Arizona resident who followed the Daisy Facebook page found a Washington Craigslist post for a found dog, 700 miles away from Bozeman near a small town called Graham.
That dog turned out to be Daisy.
Melody and her family reunited with Daisy in February.
"It's our miracle," Wells-Minthorn said. "I really believe we got a miracle."
But the story doesn't end there.
An investigator tried to help Wells-Minthorn track Daisy down after she first ran away. Wells-Minthorn said his search dogs picked up Daisy's scent, but the trail went cold.
"They told me that she was taken alive by car," Wells-Minthorn said, of the search outcome.
The investigator concluded Daisy may have been stolen. That's how they think she ended up in Washington.
"I didn't want to believe that someone would just take my dog," Wells-Minthorn said.
The more research they did, the more they found other stories like Daisy's- dogs thought to be lost, until they turned up hundreds of miles from their homes.
"Other people have had dogs stolen and taken to Washington State," Wells-Minthorn said.
That's where social media comes back in.
The "Finding Miss Daisy" Facebook page wasn't just for Daisy anymore. Wells-Minthorn and Joy Baker started using it and the page "Bozeman Lost Pet" to connect other lost or stolen dogs with their owners.
"We've actually had two dogs on our page that we've helped their owners connect with them because of connecting the dots," Baker said.
One of those dogs was thought stolen from a farm in eastern Montana, and ended up in Washington. Another, she said, disappeared in Washington and was found in Butte.
Those dogs, like Daisy, are now happily back with their owners.
"People want to see those little happy fur babies make their way home," Baker said.
Though there's no way to know just how Daisy got to Washington or why she was brought there, there are steps dog owners can take to prevent their dog from being stolen- and help track them down if they do disappear.
Ron Murray at Montana Murray Kennels suggested purchasing a trail camera to place in your yard, and post "camera in use" signs around your property or house.

subset: commoncrawl


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September 5, 2007 - ASM Files Amicus Brief on the Need and Safety of BSL 4 Laboratories in the US
The ASM filed an Amicus Curiae brief in August, which provided information about scientific matters related to the need and safety of Biosafety Level 4 laboratories. The Massachusetts Supreme Court will hear arguments on September 5 in the case involving public opposition to the construction of a federally funded BSL 4 facility, the National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), at the Boston University Medical Campus. The ASM brief described the tremendous impact on society of infectious diseases and the emergence of new and resistant infectious diseases globally, in the last 30 years, providing information to the Court about the need for high containment laboratories to study pathogens and to develop new vaccines, diagnostics and therapeutics. The brief described the requirements for strict adherence of high containment laboratories to relevant safety and security standards, practices and procedures, required by government policies.


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1956 Ford F-100 - Backfire Big-WindowWritten by on April 20, 2010 Jim Collins' '56 Ford Was A Bittersweet Reunion-At First
The story of Jim Collins' '56 Ford F-100 Big-Window is one of trial and tribulation, scandal and intrigue, with family members pitted against each other in a bitter rivalry that threatens to split the very bond that exists between a father and his sons.
OK, so it may not be that dramatic, but as Jim's son Mike tells it, there was quite a backlash after he and his brother Rob secretly bought the '56 and delivered it while the elder Collins' were out of the house.
"In the fall of 1999 my father had mentioned that he would like to get a '56 Ford Big-Window F-100 like he had prior to me and my brother's arrival into this world and take it down and build it up as a frame-off restoration. I mentioned that it's not as easy as it sounds and he informed us that he's been doing this for a while and my brother Rob asked 'When's the last time you did it though?'
"Fast forward to the spring of 2000. I had located a '56 that was basically stripped down of all of the components which would be replaced anyway (Y-block, transmission, interior, bed floor, etc.). At this point I called Rob, who was working in Arizona, and asked him if he would split the costs with me and present the truck to replace the one which "hit the road" upon our arrival. He agreed to the idea and I went ahead and made the purchase and trailered the truck to my friend's house to store until Rob was home for a weekend. Rob came back after a week or so and we planned on delivering the truck to my parent's garage while they were at church on Sunday. Everything went well with the delivery. We moved some stuff out of the way to make some room in the vacant garage bay, slid it in, shut the door, picked up the ramps, and left.
"Well they returned, pulled into the garage right next to the truck and went into the house to change for their afternoon of running errands and lunch, without even seeing it. My dad came out first and this time he saw it and was in amazement as to where this truck came from and what it was doing there. Then the excitement really started; Mom came out to see it. It wasn't a pleasant reception for the truck. There were questions like 'Where did that come from?' 'Why did you buy it?' 'What are you going to do with it?' 'I don't remember approving such a purchase!' Dad of course had none of the answers for her since he was just as surprised as she was. Next stop was Rob's house where he was read the Riot Act as soon as he confessed to having involvement, but clarified that it wasn't his idea, he just helped finance it. 'Call Mike!' was his response. Well, the phone call I had been waiting for finally came but instead of the 'That was such a good gift.' and 'You guys are so thoughtful,' it was more like 'You're so stupid,' 'What a waste of money, he's never going to do anything with that pile of junk,' 'You should have never wasted your money.' And more which can't be repeated to the point where I had to hang up the phone on her. All that did was guarantee me another dosage of the same medicine I had just received, but the only difference was that this time it was going to be in person.
"To make a long story short after she stepped back and thought about it she warmed up to the idea and was looking forward to getting it going and on the road so that they could go out and enjoy driving it."
After the stuff that hit the fan slowly settled and tempers cooled, Jim started tearing into the old Ford.
"The build of this truck was spread out over the course of 6 years. The truck was purchased in 2000 in rough condition, yet 80 percent complete. The cab, a stock bed, fenders, doors, running boards, and the factory frame were in place. Items such as the 312 Y-block engine, transmission, and other items were not part of the deal which was fine because they were items that were slated for removal prior to searching out the project.
"To start things off the truck was taken to get the chassis fabrication performed by Brian Jendro. Included in this was the installation of the Mustang II front suspension, the four-link rear suspension, narrowing of a Ford 9-inch rearend, boxing of the framerails, mounting of the engine/transmission, brake master cylinder, fuel tank, and the radiator. Also as part of this initial phase of the build was Dave Wright performing the raw metalwork for smoothing the firewall, cowl vent, the heater air intake vents on the passenger side of the cab, the dash, and gas fill hole and rust repair to the roof, the rear window opening, and the rear quarters of the truck. Upon completion of this phase the truck was then taken to Jon Guilmet of Hot Rod Hell.
"The continuation of the metalwork was performed at this juncture. Included in this was the shaving of the emblems, door handles, the sectioning of the hood, the channeling of the body over the framerails at the front 2 inches, the shaving of the roof seams, the radius of the corners on the doors, assembly of the aftermarket bed, fabrication of the custom rear roll pan, welding up of the bed seams, the capping of the end of the top rails at the back of the bed, and the installation and fitting of the original doors, fenders, and running boards. After the metalwork was completed Jon started in on the bodywork.
"Concurrent with the above-mentioned work, the 460ci Ford engine was being rebuilt along with the transmission that would receive the silver and red paint. Also at this time, the frame was powdercoated gloss black.
"The truck was then moved to Bobco where the final bodywork, paint, and assembly of the truck would take place. This was the longest stay of the previously visited locations. At Bobco the truck was completely disassembled and shot in PPG red then reassembled. After the final installation of the engine/trans, the wiring of the truck was next on the list, along with the installation of the one-piece side power windows, Vintage Air A/C unit, gauges, windshield, rear window, and polished stainless trim. When the cab was starting to become complete, Bobco then moved to the bed of the truck to install the finished oak rails, the actuator-driven bed slat for the access to the fuel fill, the tailgate, the taillights, and last but not least, the rear bumper.
"From here the truck was sent to Upland, California, where Mark Lopez at Elegance Auto Interiors built door panels, an overhead console, the wraparound kick panel, and an underdash brow for the A/C vents and controls. Then he covered the Cadillac seats with tan leather along with the door panels, kick panels, headliner, and the rear of the cab, accompanied by red accents."
Since the initial arrival of the truck, all parties involved have come to agree that the boys' purchase of the truck for their dad was very thoughtful, replacing what they had originally. And who couldn't forgive a couple of guys who surprise you with one of the most sought-after classic truck models out there!?
More Photos From This Article View Slideshow
The C6-backed,'63-vintage Ford 460ci engine was balanced and blueprinted before being sprayed in Kosmos Red and dressed in aluminum Edelbrock heads, intake manifold, and 750-cfm carb, polished March Performance pulleys, coated Sanderson headers, chrome 100-amp alternator and A/C compressor, and Mooneyes finned air cleaner.


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Thrombosis is the formation of blood clots within vessels. Blood does not normally clot within vessels and the development of such clots may lead to problems.
Thrombosis can potentially occur in any blood vessel and may have fatal consequences if it obstructs the flow of blood to a vital organ. In the context of air travel, we are concerned with thrombosis occurring in the deep veins of the lower legs.
The deep veins of the lower legs are situated in the muscles of the calf. Compression of the veins by muscular contraction, cause a pumping effect (the muscle pump) aiding the return of blood to the heart. If the muscle pump is not working (e.g. due to immobilization), the blood flow in the veins may decrease (known as venous stasis) to the point where small clots may form. Most of these are too small to cause problems. However, they may sometimes enlarge significantly or link up to produce a large obstructive thrombus.
Immobility in a seated position is an obvious predisposition to DVT as the veins of the legs can get compressed and cause stasis. DVT is known to occur in passengers on long-distance road or rail journeys as well as those by air. The common factor in all of these is immobility rather than the environment. Pressurized cabins and high altitude of aircraft have no impact on the risk of developing a DVT.
The term "Economy Class Syndrome" was first used in 1977 in a paper entitled "Pulmonary thromboembolism after travel". It is, in fact, an inaccurate term as there is no firm link between air travel in any class per se and the development of DVT. The House of Lords report recommends the use of the more appropriate term "traveler's thrombosis".
In mid 2007 the World Health Organization published the Wright Study that confirms that the primary factor involved in DVT formation is a long period of immobility. High altitude and pressurised cabins have no impact. Long periods of immobility in trains, buses and automobiles carry similar risks.
The normal rate of occurrence in the general population in the UK is 1 per 1,000 to 1 per 10,000 people every year, depending on age. According to the Wright Study 1 in 6,000 passengers develop DVT after periods of immobility of 4 hours or more.
Travel by air is now much more frequent than before. Modern aircraft feature greater travelling ranges and can carry more passengers, both of which have enhanced the convenience and affordability of air travel. This has resulted in a much greater number of long-haul air journeys. Consequently, it is expected that the total number of DVTs that occur during flight would also increase.
Greater convenience and safety of air travel also means that the elderly or persons with disabilities who may previously have been reluctant to travel now undertake extensive air journeys. Overall, the House of Lords report estimates an average additional risk from long-distance travel (by any means) of 0.2 per thousand people per year.
Yes. There are certain predisposing factors that are well known to contribute to the risk of having a DVT. These are:
Obviously, if more than one of the above applies to you, your risk of having a DVT is further increased. If this is the case, or you have any one of the conditions marked '*', we suggest you seek the advice of your doctor before flying.
Yes. As the major cause is immobility, you can do quite a lot to reduce this, and hence minimize your risk of getting DVT. Some suggestions are:
Our inflight magazine, Discovery, and inflight safety video also includes tips and exercises to do inflight to help prevent DVT.
The most common features of a DVT are:
No. A pulmonary embolism (PE) or a lung clot may occur as a result of a DVT if a piece of a large thrombus breaks off (It is then known as an embolus) and is carried by the blood flow back to the heart. It is then passed through the heart into the blood vessels of the lung where it may cause obstruction of the blood flow. If, as a result, a considerably large area of the lung is damaged, the injury may be fatal. Only about 1 in every 100 DVTs results in a PE.
Our prime concern is the safety and health of all passengers. Although most people can undertake extensive air travel with minimal added risks, this is not the case for everyone. We aim to provide potential passengers with as much information as practicable to help you make informed decisions on your suitability to travel, and whether you should make such a decision after consulting your own doctor, and perhaps being prescribed preventive measures which may include consuming low dosage of soluble aspirin, wearing anti-embolism stockings or even taking anti-coagulant therapy for those at highest risks. There is still much to learn about DVTs and air travel. Many research projects are underway in this field, often conducted with airline funding. We are constantly updating our in-flight advice to passengers and will introduce new measures if future evidence indicates that as appropriate.
For more information you may consult the following useful Links:
The above content provided by Dragonair is for information purposes only. They shall not be used, copied or republished by any persons except expressly authorized by Dragonair. Dragonair has carefully reviewed the contents and taken all steps we consider reasonable to ascertain their accuracy. We do not claim the contents to be comprehensive on the subject matter and they shall not be relied on by any persons who may have an interest in the subject matter. Neither shall they be treated or substituted for medical advice by any persons in relation to the subject matters. We bly advise and encourage any interested party to the subject matter to seek qualified professional (medical or otherwise) advice for any concerns that he or she may have in the subject matter of the contents


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► Download a PDF version of the Herpes Fact Sheet Other languages:[Español]
1. Always using a latex condom (or other type of latex barrier) whenever you have sex-vaginal, anal, or oral. Condoms made of "natural" materials, such as lambskin, protect against pregnancy, but not against STDs. If you are allergic to latex, you can use condoms made of polyurethane or other synthetic materials.
2. Limiting the number of people you have sex with. The more partners you have, the higher your risk.
3. Avoiding alcohol and drugs when you have sex. Drinking or getting high makes it much harder to remember to use condoms to protect yourself and others. For free, confidential help with a substance abuse problem, call 1-800-LIFENET (1-800-543-3638), or 311.


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Testimony :: Hon. Daniel Fried
Assistant Secretary of State, Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs - Department of State
Thank you, Chairman Brownback and Co-Chairman Smith and Members of the Commission for organizing today's hearing. I am honored to be with you today. We respect and appreciate the Commission's sustained commitment to human rights and democracy across Europe, and welcome this opportunity to discuss with you at this hearing the state of democracy and human rights in Russia and U.S.-Russian relations.
I associate myself with everything that my colleague and old friend, Assistant Secretary Barry Lowenkron, has said in outlining the challenges Russia faces in realizing its potential to become a modern democracy and to meet its international commitments on human rights.
Russia's path toward internal reform and the development of democracy is at the heart of its relationships with the world, including the United States. We cannot and do not separate Russia's internal development from Russia's external relations, including with us.
The United States seeks a robust partnership with Russia that strengthens our cooperation in as many areas as possible on issues that matter to us and where our interests coincide. At the same time, as friends, we cannot and do not avoid frank discussions about the areas where we disagree. The United States has, at various times in the past had a principally adversarial relationship with Russia or, especially since 1991, sought to build partnership on the basis of underlying values which we assumed were shared. What is called for now in our relations with Russia is an approach that could be described as constructive cooperation wherever possible to address the common threats and challenges facing us, while being realistic and candid about those areas where we disagree and particularly where our values diverge. Allow me to review briefly both sets of issues which characterize this important and often challenging relationship.
The United States and Russia share a broad strategic agenda that has produced a number of important successes since 2001 that have advanced our national security and foreign policy interests. These successes demonstrate the importance of our relations with Russia. Let me give you a few examples:
· The U.S.-Russia Working Group on Counter-Terrorism, now led on the U.S. side by Under Secretary Nicholas Burns, has provided a critical channel for dialogue and cooperation with the Russians on counter-terrorism for five and a half years.
· Ongoing cooperation on nonproliferation of conventional arms and WMD, counter-narcotics, and cooperative threat reduction efforts, including the redirection of the work of chemical and biological weapons experts, has allowed us to address these critical global threats.
· We are pursuing vital and energetic cooperation on anti-money laundering initiatives.
· We are making progress toward settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh frozen conflict issue, thanks in large measure to the helpful role played by Russia.
· We are collaborating well in the Balkans, despite some differences of initial assumptions, including by working together in the Contact Group on the final settlement for Kosovo's future status.
· We are cooperating well on Afghanistan, in which Russia, as the largest creditor, recently announced its intention to forgive 100% of Afghanistan's debt within the context of the Paris Club, on Iraqi reconstruction, and most recently, on Iran. While we have not always seen eye-to-eye with Russia on how to proceed in Iran, recent Russian efforts, especially the Russian decision to support referral of Iran to the UN Security Council, have been constructive. We will continue to cooperate closely to advance a shared objective that Iran not achieve the capability to develop nuclear weapons.
There exists considerable potential for greater progress in these and other areas where we share overlapping interests. These areas include, among others: Russia's WTO accession (where we are making progress in concert with other WTO members), and cooperation in the NATO-Russia Council (where we also have made progress in developing NATO's military relations with Russia, but where potential is far from realized). Greater integration of Russia with the international community is in everyone's interests, though, of course, it brings with it obligations and responsibilities.
We are concerned by Russia's policies in some areas, especially regarding Russia's relations with many of the nations of Eastern Europe and Eurasia, and Russia backsliding on democracy. It is in these areas where we will continue to address our concerns clearly and directly to our Russian friends, in a spirit of respect and candor.
Regional cooperation
Russia's relations with Eurasian and East European countries present us with opportunities and challenges, particularly in the wake of the transformational developments that have unfolded in Georgia, Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan. Partly as a result of these events, many Russians now view U.S. involvement in the region with growing wariness and, quite frankly, increasingly in zero-sum terms. On visits to Moscow, one can sense Russian public and official concern about the prospect of more so-called "colored" revolutions and the fear that these would undermine regional stability, and Russia's security and economic interests.
This Russian view of American policy toward the region is misplaced. The United States does not regard this region as a venue for competition, nor do we believe that U.S. and Russian interests are in conflict there. We believe it is in Russia's interests as well as our own to have stable and prosperous democracies developing on its borders, which would naturally lead to maintaining good ties with Russia. Failed states and authoritarian regimes, which alienate their own people along Russia's periphery, do nothing for regional stability, security or prosperity. Indeed, they are a threat to regional stability. It would surely be better for Central Asia and Eastern Europe if Uzbekistan and Belarus, for example, were moving in a reformist rather than increasingly repressive direction. The United States certainly supports economic and political reforms in these countries, and we would hope that Russia would as well.
The recent gas dispute between Russia and Ukraine in which Gazprom reduced the flow temporarily to Ukraine on New Year's Day raised questions about Russia's intentions and created a climate of mistrust. As the Secretary noted recently, Russia needs to "demonstrate that it is prepared to act … as an energy supplier in a responsible way." This includes greater transparency and openness, not using energy resources as a political tool, and structuring contracts in ways that do not foster corruption, but transparency. Transparency in the energy sector is needed from other countries in the region, too.
In addition, persistent tensions with Georgia and recent Russian suggestions that the unfolding process for resolution of Kosovo's status could set principles and precedents for resolution of frozen conflicts in Georgia and Moldova have raised questions about Russia's commitment to the territorial integrity of these countries. It does not, frankly, make sense for Russia to support separatist regimes in the breakaway Georgian provinces of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. This leads to the very instability that concerns Russia. A successful, reforming, stable Georgia ought to be in Russia's interest. A failed Georgia -- and the prospect of a failed Georgia was very real before the Rose Revolution of 2003 -- could likely become a haven for more and more aggressive organized crime and terrorists that could directly threaten Russia. The United States has and will continue to encourage Russia and Georgia to work together to advance solutions to these frozen conflicts in ways that respect the territorial integrity of Georgia and the legitimate interests of the people of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
Assistant Secretary Lowenkron has already shared with you our ongoing humanitarian and human rights concerns, as well as concerns about terrorism, in Chechnya and the North Caucasus. The situation in Chechnya has been for some time one of the principal sources of instability, abuses and violence elsewhere in the North Caucasus, a development in no one's interest. President Putin, in his press conference last week, said, "Today, the situations in some other regions of the North Caucasus concern us even more than that in Chechnya." We continue to look for ways to support an end to the humanitarian crisis and a genuine political dialogue in Chechnya, which are critical to bringing lasting stability while respecting the territorial integrity of Russia. We hope that last November's parliamentary election in Chechnya could be a step in that direction. In particular, we are looking at new ways to expand our assistance programs in the region and other ways to reduce the sources of violence and instability. Ultimately, however, it is the Russian Government that must develop new ways for addressing problems in the region. We are prepared to be a partner with them and the peoples of the region in that process.
The lack of progress on the development of democracy in Russia is another area of concern for the United States. The United States supports the objective of Russia's development into a strong, prosperous, democratic country. It is in that spirit as well that we press Russian officials at all levels, publicly and privately, and with Russian civil society, on the importance of human rights and democracy. As friends, we are frank in our meetings, making clear that a commitment to shared values, most importantly those of democracy and human rights, is the foundation for a successful relationship.
As Secretary Rice said in Moscow in May 2005, "For the U.S.-Russia relationship to deepen, and for Russia to gain its full potential, there needs to be greater democratic development." This has been an uneven process in Russia. As Assistant Secretary Lowenkron has said, Russia is not the Soviet Union. The country has experienced great change in the past 15 years, including progress toward respect for human rights and the rule of law, notwithstanding the corruption and disorder that some wrongly associate with democratic development.
Regrettably, recent developments suggest that the Russian Government's commitment to internationally recognized human rights, including democratic norms, media freedom, and the rule of law, has deteriorated. The NGO legislation signed into law and the charges made against NGOs in connection with the alleged spy case are the latest examples.
In response to these problems, the United States is engaged in active efforts to support Russia's transition, over the medium to long-term, into a genuine democratic state, with features common to all democracies. We are working with our European partners to deliver a consistent message to the Russian Government to live up to its international commitments to democracy and human rights and to help Russians, including those representing Russian civil society, in exercising these rights.
In engaging the Russian Government and supporting civil society, we hope to promote free and fair elections, broaden access to information, strengthen judicial integrity and independence, eliminate corruption and increase transparency, foster greater capacity for citizens to hold their government accountable, maintain vital lifelines of support to key human rights groups, increase exchanges in both directions, and provide Russia's youth with more opportunities to learn democratic skills and values. As the Secretary said recently in response to a question at Georgetown University, we will work with those in Russia who "from below are pressuring for a democratic path…and that means nongovernmental organizations, it means university people, it means all of the Russians who themselves want a more democratic future." The Secretary also noted that we need to "keep open for Russia a path toward a democratic West."
As Russia begins its work as chair of the G-8, we are committed to supporting Russia in advancing its proposed agenda dealing with energy security, infectious diseases and education, as well as continuing G-8 priorities such as counter-proliferation and counterterrorism. But as the Secretary said on January 18 at Georgetown, referring to Russia's chairmanship of the G-8 this year "…certain obligations and certain expectations come with being the chair of an organization that is avowedly of industrialized democracies." And so we will encourage the Russian Government to demonstrate to its G-8 partners and the world its commitment to the values of democracy, human rights and the rule of law common to all industrialized democracies through practical and real progress.
Mr. Chairman, in his September 2005 speech before the United Nations, President Bush said:
"The work of democracy is larger than holding a fair election; it requires building the institutions that sustain freedom… Democratic nations uphold the rule of law, impose limits on the power of the state… Democratic nations protect private property, free speech and religious expression. Democratic nations grow in strength because they reward and respect the creative gifts of their people. And democratic nations contribute to peace and stability because they seek national greatness in the achievements of their citizens, not the conquest of their neighbors."
Clearly, Russia has much more to do in these areas to fully secure the benefits of democracy for its people. We will continue to work with Russia to advance democracy and, when necessary -- in a constructive spirit -- to bring shortcomings and concerns to their attention.
Thank you, Mr. Chairman and Members of the Commission.


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Disability Officer
The Disability Officer works with all Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai students in both the School of Medicine and the Graduate School to facilitate equal access for students with disabilities by coordinating reasonable accommodations through a variety of support services (ie: access modification, learning related technology, extended test times).
The goal of Icahn School of Medicine's Disability Services is to provide a physically and educationally accessible educational environment so that each student is viewed on the basis of ability, not disability. Individually designed accommodation plans and services are determined based on the documented needs of each student in conjunction with their program requirements and are created to match the specific disability-related need of each student with those program requirements in mind.
Students who are seeking accommodations and services are required to submit documentation of their disability. The Director of Disability Services has responsibility for determining the acceptability of documentation and reserves the right to require additional information. Students are asked to register by submitting the Application for Accommodations and Services along with disability documentation.
Students with self-identified concerns or problems related to academic performance or learning may contact the Disability Officer to request accommodations.
Accommodations will not be implemented until the Application for Accommodations and Services has been submitted along with all disability documentation, the information has been reviewed, and an official decision has been rendered. Students should expect a minimum of one month to process accommodation requests and plan accordingly.
Christine Low, MSW
Disability Officer
Tel: 212 241 4785 or from inside campus, 4-4785
Send email to firstname.lastname@example.com


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From the first week of class as a Freshman to the last week of class as a Senior, ALL students in the Byrum School interact with business professionals by working on actual projects to solve business problems. Here's a summary of the opportunities that our students are required to experience.
Byrum School Freshmen are introduced to business by competing in a Business Plan Competition. Working in teams, students develop ideas for campus-run businesses and present their plans to business executives. The winning team has the opportunity to receive start-up funds and launch their business on campus the following semester.
In their second year, Byrum School students work in teams to solve a problem facing a local business. The project varies, but students collect and analyze data using statistical techniques. They then apply Marketing and Management concepts by developing recommendations which they present to the business' management team.
During their final two years of study, Byrum School students engage with business people and companies in a variety of ways. In addition to taking courses in their major, students will do the following sometime during years three and four:
Contact: Russ Kershaw - Dean


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At a time when shopping malls need customers and condos aren't selling, market research can help developers make decisions about how to improve their properties. Brian Hanlon, assistant professor of marketing, uses his expertise in market research and real estate development to determine what appeals to potential customers. As a researcher and consultant, Hanlon uses customer choice modeling to determine how consumers make decisions and what factors influence their choices.
Home ›


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Dry Mouth or Xerostomia [1]
Xerostomia, commonly called dry mouth, occurs when the salivary glands do not make enough saliva, or spit, to keep the mouth moist. Because saliva is needed for chewing, swallowing, tasting, and talking, these activities may be more difficult with a dry mouth.
Signs and symptoms
The signs and symptoms of dry mouth include the following:
- A sticky, dry feeling in the mouth
- Thick, stringy saliva
- Pain or a burning sensation in the mouth or on the tongue
- Cracks in the lips or at the corners of the mouth
- A dry, tough tongue
- Difficulty chewing [3], tasting, or swallowing
- Difficulty talking
In addition, dry mouth often causes dental problems [4]. Saliva helps maintain a healthy balance of bacteria in the mouth. Without enough saliva, the bacteria and other organisms in the mouth grow too quickly. This can cause sores and mouth infections, including an infection called thrush that is caused by an overgrowth of yeast. Saliva also washes away acids and food particles left in the mouth after eating, which means that a lack of saliva can cause gum disease and cavities, which is tooth decay. Dry mouth may make it difficult to wear dentures, as well.
Chemotherapy or radiation treatments cause dry mouth by damaging the salivary glands. Chemotherapy causes dry mouth by making saliva thicker, which is usually a temporary symptom that clears up about two to eight weeks after treatment ends.
Radiation therapy to the head, face, or neck may also cause dry mouth. It can take six months or longer for the salivary glands to start producing saliva again after the radiation therapy ends. Although some people experience improvement during the first year after radiation treatment, many people will continue to experience some level of long-term dry mouth, especially if the radiation therapy was directed at the salivary glands.
In addition, a disease called graft-versus-host disease, in which cells transplanted from a donor recognize the patient's body as foreign and attack it, may cause dry mouth and mouth sores. Antidepressants, medications called diuretics that increase urination, and some painkillers can cause dry mouth. Or, dry mouth can result from a mouth infection such as thrush or dehydration.
Managing dry mouth
Relieving side effects, also called symptom management, palliative care [5], or supportive care, is an important part of cancer care and treatment. Talk with your health care team about any symptoms you experience, including any new symptoms or a change in symptoms.
Although dry mouth cannot be prevented, some treatments can help. These include:
- Medication that prevents or lessens the side effects of radiation treatment, such as amifostine (Ethyol)
- Saliva substitutes and mouth rinses with hyetellose, hyprolose, or carmellose
- Medications that stimulate the salivary glands, such as pilocarpine (Salagen) or cevimeline (Evoxac)
- Other ways to stimulate the salivary glands, such as sucking on sugar-free candy or chewing sugarless gum
The following tips may help with the management of dry mouth and the prevention of dental problems:
- Visit a dentist before starting radiation treatment or chemotherapy to check the health of your mouth and teeth. It's important to schedule this as soon as you can because if you need to have teeth removed, it should be done at least three weeks before treatment begins so your mouth has time to heal.
- Brush your teeth after each meal and at bedtime with a soft-bristle toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste. Soak the brush in warm water to make the bristles even softer.
- Floss gently once a day.
- Rinse your mouth four to six times a day, especially after meals, with salt and baking soda. Try a solution of half a teaspoon of salt and half a teaspoon of baking soda in one cup of warm water.
- When radiation therapy starts, use fluoride rinses and gels. These are an important part of caring for the health of your mouth during cancer treatment.
- Drink sips of water throughout the day, and use artificial saliva to moisten the mouth.
- Avoid mouthwashes and other dental products that contain alcohol. Products designed for people with dry mouth are available without a prescription.
- Use a cool mist humidifier, especially at night.
In addition, some dentists may prescribe medication to increase saliva production or rinses to fight infections in the mouth.
Consider the following tips for eating with a dry mouth:
- Drink at least eight cups of water a day. Carrying a bottle of water may help you drink enough.
- Avoid alcohol, drinks with caffeine (such as coffee, tea, and cola), and acidic juices.
- Eat soft, moist foods that are cool or at room temperature.
- Moisten dry foods with broth, sauces, butter, or milk.
- Avoid dry, coarse, or hard foods.
- Avoid acidic or spicy foods that burn the mouth.
- Do not smoke or chew tobacco.
- Avoid sticky, sugary foods and drinks.
More Information
Difficulty Swallowing or Dysphagia [6]
Taste Changes [7]
Side Effects [8]


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Editorial Staff and Contributors
Bronchoscopy is the visual examination of the air passages leading into the lungs. The exam is done with a bronchoscope, a long, thin tube with a camera on the tip.
Bronchoscopy is most often done for the following reasons:
Problems from the procedure are rare, but all procedures have some risk. Your doctor will review potential problems, like:
increases the risk of complications.
Your doctor may do some or all of the following:
Talk to your doctor about your medications. You may be asked to stop taking some medicatons up to one week before the procedure, like:
Leading up to your procedure:
Local anesthetic will be given to numb the throat. It will also help to prevent coughing and gagging. Sometimes, a bronchoscopy is done under general anesthesia. In this case, you will be asleep.
The bronchoscope is a long, thin tube. It will be inserted through the nose or mouth. The scope will be passed down the throat and into the lungs.
The scope sends an image of the lung tissue to a TV monitor. The doctor may use the images and the scope to remove a small tissue sample. If a foreign body is present, the doctor may be able to remove it through the scope. If a lavage is planned, a water solution may be used to wash an area. The solution is then removed and sent to a lab for examination.
The removed tissue or secretions will be sent to a lab for examination.
Less than 1 hour
Anesthesia prevents pain and coughing during the procedure. You may feel a tugging sensation when the doctor removes a tissue sample. You may also experience some breathing difficulty or shortness of breath during the procedure.
Expect some soreness in your throat and hoarseness for a few days after the procedure. Any discomfort after the procedure can be managed with medications.
You may have an x-ray before you go home. This is to make sure there are no lung complications, such as bleeding or a pneumothorax. A pneumothorax can lead to a collapsed lung.
Once the numbness in your throat wears off, you may be given sips of water. You may gradually progress to solid food as tolerated.
When you return home, do the following to help ensure a smooth recovery:
The doctor may give you a report after the sedative wears off and you are alert. It may take a few days to receive results from a biopsy. It may take up to six weeks for findings from a tuberculosis test. Ask your doctor when to expect your results.
After arriving home, contact your doctor if any of the following occurs:
If you think you have an emergency, call for medical help right away.
American Lung Association
American Thoracic Society
Canadian Lung Association
Health Canada
Explore bronchoscopy. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute website. Available at:
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/bron. Updated February 8, 2012. Accessed September 11, 2013.
Fiberoptic bronchoscopy. American Thoracic Society website. Available at:
http://patients.thoracic.org/information-series/en/resources/fiberoptic-bronchoscopy.pdf. Accessed September 11, 2013.
Lung cancer screening. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at:
http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed.ebscohost.com/about/about-us. Updated August 29, 2013. Accessed September 11, 2013.
Needle biopsy of the lung. Radiological Society of America Radiology Info website. Available at:
http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=nlungbiop. Updated August 5, 2013. Accessed September 11, 2013.
6/2/2011 DynaMed's Systematic Literature Surveillance
https://dynamed.ebscohost.com/about/about-us: Mills E, Eyawo O, Lockhart I, Kelly S, Wu P, Ebbert JO. Smoking cessation reduces postoperative complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2011;124(2):144-154.e8.
Last reviewed September 2013 by Michael Woods, MD
Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
Copyright © EBSCO Publishing. All rights reserved.


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Myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy
See Disclaimer regarding information on this site. Some links on this page may take you to organizations outside of the National Institutes of Health.
mutations in the MSTN gene. It follows an incomplete autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.[1][2]Myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy is a rare condition characterized by reduced body fat and increased muscle size. Affected individuals have up to twice the usual amount of muscle mass in their bodies. They also tend to have increased muscle strength. This condition is not known to cause any medical problems, and affected individuals are intellectually normal. Myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy is caused by
Last updated: 4/20/2016
- Myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy. Genetics Home Reference. December 2008; https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/myostatin-related-muscle-hypertrophy.
- Wagner KR, Cohen JS. Myostatin-Related Muscle Hypertrophy. GeneReviews. July 3, 2013; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1498/.
GARD Video TutorialsLearn how to find information on treatment, research, specialists, and more.
Your Questions AnsweredView questions about this condition answered by GARD Information Specialists. You can also submit a new question.
On this page
Basic Information
- Genetics Home Reference (GHR) contains information on Myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy. This website is maintained by the National Library of Medicine.
- MedlinePlus provides more information on muscle conditions in general. MedlinePlus is a Web site designed by the National Library of Medicine to help you research your health questions.
- The Neuromuscular Disease Center at Washington University has a online resource that outlines common signs, symptoms, and other features of a variety of muscle conditions, including myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy. Click on the link above to view this information.
- The National Human Genome Research Institute features an article describing the role mutations in the myostatin (MTSN) gene play in increasing muscle mass and enhancing racing performance in dogs (whippets). To read more about this click on the link above.
In Depth Information
- Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
- PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.
See Disclaimer regarding information on this site. Some links on this page may take you to organizations outside of the National Institutes of Health.


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ISU To Make First-Ever Trip To NCAA Championship!
ELUM, Wash- In the last four years, the Iowa State women's golf team fell just a few strokes short of reaching its ultimate goal of making the NCAA Championship. Not this year.
The Cyclones, ranked 25th nationally, broke through with a final-round 304 this afternoon at the Tumble Creek Club at Suncadia Resort to tie for sixth at the 24-team NCAA West Regional. ISU shot a three-round 909 (300-305-304) tally.
With the top eight teams advancing on to the NCAA Championship in each of the three regionals, the Cyclones will make their first-ever national tournament appearance. The 2014 NCAA Championship will be held at the Tulsa Country Club in Tulsa, Oklahoma, on May 20-23.
"I am so excited for our team," Iowa State head coach Christie Martens said. "It was really a tough day today. It was really windy and I am so proud of our effort. Our players came back on the back nine. They really came together and played solid. It's a huge step for us and it shows a lot of people what kind of program we have. I am excited to see how we play down in Tulsa."
It's an historic achievement for the Cyclones. Since the NCAA began its regional format in 1993, no Division I team from the state of Iowa had ever made the NCAA Championships. ISU is now the first.
The Cyclones were consistent in all three rounds. Senior Prima Thammaraks led the way today with an even-par 72, the lowest score recorded by a Cyclone during the week. Thammaraks, who had four birdies on her card, tied for 17th at 225 (73-80-72).
"Prima was awesome today," Martens said. "She was putting so well and she managed the wind really well. I was really proud of her."
Chonlada Chaynaun and Cajsa Persson carded a pair of 77s today. Chayanun, who tied for 28th at 228 (77-74-77), was boosted by an eagle on the par-5, 15th-hole. Persson tied for 39th at 230 (76-77-77).
Two-time All-Big 12 pick Sasikarn On-iam tied for 31st at 229 (77-74-78).
A total team effort is needed for any squad to advance to the national finals. Freshman Carmen Vidau tied for 94th at 241, but her opening-round 74 was crucial in getting the Cyclones off to a solid start.
Martens was proud of her rookie's contribution to the team.
"That was huge for Carmen," Martens said. "She played so well on the back nine on Thursday. It was key for us to get a good round from her."
The Cyclones will now prepare for their historic first appearance in the NCAA finals at the Tulsa Country Club, which was built in 1908. The following 24 teams will compete for the national title: Iowa State, Vanderbilt, South Carolina, N.C. State, Duke, Stanford, Virginia, Tulane, Campbell, UCLA, Alabama, Mississippi State, California, Ohio State, Kansas, Arizona, Florida, USC, Washington, Arizona State, Oklahoma, Michigan State, Texas A&M, Northwestern.
Team Scores
2. Washington 288-292-297=877
3. Arizona State 289-289-311=889
4. Oklahoma 291-295-309=895
5. Michigan State 291-311-301=903
6. Iowa State 300-305-304=909
Texas A&M- 290-313-306=909
8. Northwestern 302-296-316=914
9. Wisconsin 301-305-315=921
Wake Forest 304-303-314=921
11. GRU Augusta 305-306-311=922
12. UC Davis 300-308-319=927
13. Clemson 302-312-315=929
14. Oregon 311-314-309=934
15. New Mexico 314-310-315=939
16. Tennessee 306-317-319=942
17. Chattanooga 316-312-319=947
18. Notre Dame 316-311-322=949
19. Denver 302-320-328=950
20. Gonzaga 317-319-318=954
21. Portland State 314-315-326-955
San Diego State 317-318-320=955
23. New Mexico State 317-328-326=971
24. Detroit 336-316-327=979
Iowa State Scores
T17. Prima Thammaraks 73-80-72=225
T28. Chonlada Chayanun 77-74-77=228
T31. Sasikarn On-iam 77-74-78=229
T39. Cajsa Persson 76-77-77=230
T94. Carmen Vidau 74-84-83=241
Top Individuals
1. Noemi Jimenez, Arizona State 67-74-72=213
2. SooBin Kim, Washington 70-70-75=215
Annie Park, USC 71-71-73=215


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Make-Ahead Roasted Vegetable Burritos, Baked Spaghetti Squash Carbonara & Savory Parmesan French Toast
New Recipes from The Kitchn
I don't know about you, but I'm ready to switch things up this weekend. How about taking French toast to new savory heights, or adding some spaghetti squash to the classic pasta carbonara? Oh boy. Want that. Of course, if you hope to stick to something a bit more traditional we've got a deliciously easy recipe for vanilla cupcakes with lemon buttercream or a three-ingredient green smoothie to shake the winter blues. Either way, happy weekend!
- Make-Ahead Roasted Vegetable Burritos with Black Beans and Rice
- Baked Spaghetti Squash Carbonara
- Savory Parmesan French Toast
- Green Smoothie with Spinach, Pear, and Ginger
- The Nor'easter Cocktail
- Vanilla Cupcakes with Very Basic Lemon Buttercream Frosting
- How To Make Vin d'Orange
(Image credits: Emma Christensen; Faith Durand; Nealey Dozier; Emily Han; Maureen Petrosky; Dana Velden)


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California Places Limits on Police Power at DUI Checkpoints
California often seems to be on the forefront of embracing new laws, and it recently flexed its innovation muscles with the enactment of a new DUI law.
Under legislation signed by Gov. Jerry Brown this week, police officers in California will no longer be able to impound cars from sober but unlicensed motorists who are stopped at drunk driving checkpoints.
While this seems like a logical decision, and a victory for sober drivers, one key constituency has the most to gain from the new law.
Apparently, police in California have been using drunk driving checkpoints as a cover in an effort to catch illegal immigrants, rather than people driving under the influence of alcohol.
Previously, California had a law which allowed police to impound cars that belonged to unlicensed drivers for up to 30 days.
After 30 days, however, the accrued impoundment fees can reach thousands of dollars. The high level of fees often caused the car to be worth less than the driver owed to the police, leading many drivers to simply relinquish the car.
Because of these extraordinary police powers, illegal immigrants who were unfairly targeted at drunk driving checkpoints often lost their vehicles, even if they were perfectly sober when they were driving.
These questionable police tactics raised the concern of Latino legislators in California, who joined together to pass the latest bill in the state legislature.
Under the new law, which was written by Assemblyman Gil Cedillo, a Democrat from Los Angeles, sober drivers who are caught at DUI checkpoints without a driver's license do not immediately lose their car.
Instead, law enforcement officials are now required to release the car to a licensed driver representing the owner of the car.
In situations where a licensed driver cannot be found immediately after the driver is stopped at a checkpoint, police may take the car to an impoundment lot. However, the police must release the vehicle to a licensed driver whenever one appears.
It is Cedillo's hope that the new California DUI law will prevent police from unfairly targeting illegal immigrants for driving without licenses at checkpoints that are allegedly designed to stop drunk drivers.
It should be noted, of course, that the law does nothing to limit the power of police to stop drunk drivers.
In fact, by eliminating the distraction of targeting illegal immigrants, the bill may also have the side benefit of funneling more police resources to targeting drunk driving, as police spend less time worrying about immigrants who are driving without licenses.


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May 29, 2016
The Meridian Museum of Art hosted one of its biggest fundraisers of the year on Saturday night.
Members of the community came out to support "Artini's," which consisted of a silent auction where people were able to bid on various pieces of artwork from local artists. There was plenty of food and of course, Martini's, nicknamed "Artini's."
For more information on the Meridian Museum of Art, you may call 601-693-1501.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Cargo Shorts for Men
Buckle carries a wide variety of cargo shorts for men. Brands like Union, BKE, and Buckle Black offer this style of short in solid colors, plaids, stripes, camo, and many other great prints. No matter your style, our men's cargo shorts will keep you on-trend. Shop cargo shorts for men at Buckle.


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Hi guys,
I just finished installing the Outlook connector on my machine. After setting up the profile I receive the following error when I attempt to start Outlook.
"Error in registry for "Exchange Extensions;?". The syntax or format of the registry is incorrect. Check the registry settings and compare the registry for this extension to toher extensions in ther registry."
I did a registry search on "Exchange Extensions" and came up with HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Exchange\Client\Extensions . The value for the Exchange Extensions key is a non-ASCII character. That is obviously wrong.
I am assuming that this is where the Zimbra Exchange extension is supposed to go. Can you supply me the data for the key?


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(Sports Network) - The Dallas Stars hope the return of Jamie Benn can help
them halt a two-game slide, as they visit the Columbus Blue Jackets for
Monday's meeting at Nationwide Arena.
Benn missed the start of this season while locked in a contract dispute with
the Stars, but the two sides agreed to a five-year, $26.25 million contract on
The deal was done in time for Benn to play in Saturday's game against St.
Louis, but the forward was unable to participate due to issues with a work
visa. There's still a chance that the visa situation will not be taken care of
in time for Benn to play in Monday's game, but the Stars are hoping that's not
the case. The Stars can't put Benn on the roster until the paperwork is
completed and Dallas needs to submit its roster for Monday's game by 5 p.m.
Benn tied for second on the Stars with 63 points in 2011-12.
The Stars are 2-2-1 on the season, but have dropped consecutive games heading
into this tilt in Ohio. The good news for Dallas is the Blue Jackets are 1-3-1
on the season and have lost four straight since a season-opening win in
Dallas has also fared well in recent meetings with the Blue Jackets, winning
four of the last five overall encounters between the clubs and three straight
at Nationwide Arena.
The Stars were on the losing side of a 4-3 decision Saturday against the
visiting Blues. David Perron registered two goals for St. Louis, including the
game-winner late in the second period.
Michael Ryder, Tomas Vincour and Ryan Garbutt scored for a short-handed Dallas
club that was playing without Jaromir Jagr (back) and Derek Roy (groin). Jagr
is expected to return on Monday, while Roy is questionable.
Meanwhile, Cristopher Nilstorp, who was making his second NHL start, left in
the third period with a groin injury after allowing four goals on 29 shots.
Regular No. 1 goaltender Kari Lehtonen stopped all three shots he faced in
Richard Bachman has been recalled from the Texas Stars of the AHL to fill in
as Lehtonen's backup. Bachman could get the start on Tuesday when Dallas
visits Detroit.
Columbus has lost three straight in regulation during its current 0-3-1
stretch and the club was dealt a close loss Saturday against the visiting
Chicago Blackhawks. Patrick Kane recorded his fourth multi-point game of the
season with two assists, as the Blackhawks posted a 3-2 win at Nationwide
Artem Anisimov and Mark Letestu had the goals for the Blue Jackets, while
Steve Mason finished with 21 saves.
"We're disappointed with the loss. We want to stop this skid," Letestu said.
Columbus went 0-for-5 on the power play against the Blackhawks and is just 3-
for-23 with the man advantage on the season.
The Sports Network


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|Hoch LLC is now offering HVACR service in N.E. Colo.
|Written by Brenda Johnson Brandt
After doing heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration work on the Front Range and in this area for the past couple of years, Ken Hoch of Holyoke is now focusing his business venture in Northeast Colorado.
Hoch LLC is his business name, and he takes pride in the service he's able to provide. He set up his LLC last August, but is just starting to promote the business locally in order to keep his focus in this area.
Hoch shows his commitment to providing area residents with first-rate HVACR service and installation by earning his certification from North American Technician Excellence.
Ken Hoch
NATE is an independent, third-party organization that develops and promotes excellence in the installation and service of heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration equipment by recognizing high-quality industry technicians through testing and certification.
By passing nationally-recognized tests and becoming NATE-certified, a technician verifies they possess the skills and knowledge to perform at the highest industry standards.
Since the HVACR industry does not require technicians to take mandatory competency tests, many of today's consumers hire contractors with NATE-certified technicians to ensure they are working with qualified professionals.
"Our goal is to provide customers with outstanding service for all of their HVACR needs," said Hoch. "By being a NATE-certified technician, we know that our customers are in the hands of a skilled professional who has the expertise to get the job done right."
Hoch is offering an introductory cleaning and assessment special, which is detailed in an advertisement in this edition of the Enterprise.
Hoch attended his sophomore year of high school at HHS and spent summers in Holyoke with his dad, Randy Hoch. He attended Chatfield High School in Littleton, as well, and has construction experience.
This past June, he was awarded a certificate of achievement from Johnstone University in Denver for successfully completing 140 hours of advanced HVAC technical training.
Also in June, he was awarded certification from North American Technician Excellence for passing the examinations administered by NATE. The certificate is evidence of competency in air conditioning as a service technicion.
Hoch and his wife Sandy moved to Holyoke four years ago. They have a daughter, Abigail, age 3 1/2.
Hoch can be reached at 520-4220.
Holyoke Enterprise January 10, 2013


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Jump into the Action of TNA
TNA WRESTLING is the hottest action-packed sport on television… and it's even more powerful in person!
TNA Wrestling on a regular basis tapes its weekly shows TNA iMPACT! and TNA ReACTION for the Spike television network at Universal Studios TNA (Total Nonstop Action) features the biggest names in professional wrestling today, the high-flying X Division and woman's wrestling division known as the TNA Knockouts. Concept matches like "Ultimate X," and "King of the Mountain" are all part of the action at TNA. TNA features some of the fiercest competitors ever to pile drive an opponent into submission. Some of the wrestling superstars you'll see in action include: Hulk Hogan, Jeff Hardy, RVD, Kurt Angle, Ric Flair, Sting, Jeff Jarrett, Kevin Nash, Mr. Anderson, Tara, Mick Foley, AJ Styles, Velvet Sky, Angelina Love, and many more.
Universal Studios Day Guests
Follow the signs inside the park or visit the Studio Audience Center at the front of the park for directions.
Non-Universal Studios Guests
Park in the Universal Orlando® Resort parking garages and enter Universal CityWalk®; Proceed to the Sharp AQUOS Theatre (Blue Man Group). Head around the theatre to the right, and follow the TNA signs to Soundstage 21.
You can catch TNA Wrestling's "iMPACT!" Spike TV tapings and Pay Per View events live at Universal Orlando® Resort. Tapings are held every month at Universal Studios' Soundstage 21, and YOU can experience it all in person.
Be a part of the live television audience for Total Non-Stop Action Wrestling's pay per view. Doors open at 7:30pm. Preshow taping begins at 7:45pm and the live pay per view is from 8:00pm to 11pm.
|Live Pay Per View Event
iMPACT! – ^Doors open at 6:30PM. Taping begins at 7:00PM
*Doors open at 7:30PM. Live event begins at 8:00PM This is a non-ticketed event and seating is based on a first come first served basis. It is recommended to arrive one hour prior to doors open. For the most up-to-date information please call 407-224-6000.
Seating based upon availability and is left to the sole discretion of show management. Shows may not be suitable for all ages. Due to length of program and live audience recording the recommended minimum age is 14. Video cameras and audio recording equipment is not allowed. We reserve the right to deny admission at any time for any reason, and audience members may be moved or removed from the venue at our discretion. Show may cancel and schedules and/or audience requirements may alter at any time.


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Rockers Bachman-Turner Overdrive are to be inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame.
The veteran band will be immortalized in Canadian music history by officials at the country's Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences.
The Winnipeg-based group was formed by Randy Bachman, who recruited his brother Robin Bachman and Fred Turner in 1973.
Known for hit songs such as "You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet" and "Takin' Care of Business," the band has sold nearly 30 million albums worldwide.
Bachman-Turner Overdrive has won seven Juno Awards, Canada's top music prize, including group of the year in 1975 and 1976.
They will be inducted during the 2014 Juno Awards on March 30.