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Quick Links
Antievolution legislation threatened in Utah yet again
Utah state senator Chris Buttars is at it again.
Krauthammer assails "intelligent design"
"Intelligent design" is the target of Charles Krauthammer's op-ed column "Phony Theory, False Conflict" in the Washington Post (November 18, 2005), and no punches are pulled.
Kansas science standards under fire
The November 8, 2005, vote of the Kansas state board of education to adopt a set of state science standards that systematically impugn the scientific status of evolution is, unsurprisingly, receiving criticism from all over.
Catching up with the literature
Between the tide of expert reports, depositions, testimony, articles, and editorials produced in the course of the trial in Kitzmiller v.
Antievolution standards adopted in Kansas
At its November 8, 2005, meeting in Topeka, the Kansas state board of education voted 6-4 to adopt the draft set of state science standards that were rewritten, under the tutelage of local "intelligent design" activists, to impugn the scientific status of evolution.
News Alerts
Subscribe to NCSE's free weekly e-newsletter.
Evolution and Climate Education Update


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Makia & etnies Spring/Summer 2013
Posted By dustin, Skip To The Comments (0)
Feb 26 2013 / Tuesday
Here along the SoCal coast, we know a thing or two about beaches, sunshine and miles of smooth concrete, but we also know it ain't that easy for a lot of our skateboard brethren. That's why we ventured over to Finland with the Makia crew for a taste of their Scandinavian Spring blend - equal parts urban lifestyle, countryside spirit and gratefulness for the end of another harsh winter. There in the beautifully rugged coastal landscape, we found inspiration for basic layers, warm fleece and sturdy construction. Don Brown and Natas Kaupas, on the other hand, found a playground on the seemingly unskateable rocks of the Finnish archipelago. We camped; we saw; we conquered. The result is our Spring 2013 Makia & etnies Collection. Watch, shop & enjoy!
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subset: commoncrawl


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Chevy II Heidt's Pro-G Front Suspension - Chevy II The LimitWritten by Chuck Vranas on September 1, 2011 Heidts ups the ante for Chevy II owners with their new Pro-G front suspension
If you want to inject a serious amount of corner-carving performance into your muscle car, you'd better do your homework to figure out how to get it done. Don't be fooled into thinking that adding a set of tires and a lower stance will get you there, because while you might look cool, you'll be left in the dust by someone who's brought all the right parts to the party. Bill Jelinek and his team at Rt. 66 Motorsports in New Lenox, Illinois, have a reputation of infusing just the right combination of horsepower and handling into vintage Detroit steel. For their latest build, a '67 Nova, code-named Pro Ride, they teamed up with Heidts Hot Rod and Muscle Car Parts to showcase a brand-new cutting-edge Pro-G front subframe and suspension package for '62-67 Chevy Novas. The car will act as a testbed for the new Heidts Pro-G components by being driven hard at events all over the country, showcasing autocross, and SCCA-style road racing, as well as regular day-to-day driving. Oh, and the Nova will be stuffed full of LS3 power generating 650 hp, as well as a 4L70 trans by Gearstar, so razor-sharp handling isn't an option, it's a necessity.
With Heidts being an industry leader with their Superide IFS subframe and suspension components, you might ask just what the difference is separating them from the new Pro-G lineup? We asked the engineers at Heidts to walk us through the major benefits of the Pro-G line, and here's what Heidts Engineering Manager Owen Bassett told us: "While the Superide is perfect for exceptional handling while cruising on normal roadways, Pro-G takes it up a big notch with a fresh redesign for purpose-built use. One of the most noticeable differences within the system is the 2-inch drop spindle. Unlike the industry-standard Mustang II-based suspensions, the new spindle is designed for the hard-core racer who wants the best of both worlds on the street and the track."
The spindle is exclusive to Heidts and is the key to the Pro-G suspension. This improved geometry yields better control over camber gain, roll center migration, and antidive to deliver more grip, better handling, and shorter braking. But it doesn't stop there, since the basis for the Pro-G platform is a stout bolt-in steel subframe, featuring double crossmembers for increased structural rigidity (i.e. less flex, squeaks, and rattles). The Pro-G's proprietary upper and lower control arms are constructed from 1.25- and 1.5-inch steel tubing, and are engineered to handle heavy loads, precluding flex under hard driving conditions. The control arms also feature threaded adjusters for easy suspension alignment as well as urethane and Delrin bushings for better compliance. Add in 10-way adjustable coilover shocks for easy ride-height adjustment and spring rate changes, 11-inch disc brakes with four-piston Wilwood calipers, and power rack-and-pinion, and you can see that this well-designed system is ready to give your Nova a serious injection of attitude.
So what's the cost to step up to the next level? The team at Heidts wanted to bring the Pro-G package to enthusiasts at a reasonable cost, so their base package (PN NVF-320) retails for $4,350, which brings you a lot of bang for the buck. The package includes the bolt-in subframe with double crossmembers, steel control arms with all bushing and ball joints installed, 2-inch drop spindles, 11-inch Wilwood smooth brake rotors with black four-piston calipers, plain billet 10-way adjustable coilover shocks with choice of chrome springs, power rack-and-pinion, engine mounts, firewall support tubes and shims, steel inner fender panels, and all related installation hardware. If you're interested in tweaking your system for even more performance, a number of braking packages are offered, including 12-inch drilled Wilwood rotors with four-piston calipers (PN DF-222-D-B, an additional $275), or step it up another notch with Wilwood 13-inch drilled rotors with black six-piston calipers (PN DF-223-D-B, another $1,310). The optional 1.25-inch splined sway bar will run $549, while polished stainless steel control arms will add $1,100 to the tab. All things considered, the Pro-G package adds up to big performance at an affordable price!
More Photos From This Article View Slideshow
Team member Matt Duke prepared the subframe for installation by safely anchoring it on four jackstands in close proximity to the body where it will bolt in using the supplied 1.5-inch-long ⁷/₁₆-inch bolts and nuts. Note all installation hardware is Grade 8 for added strength.The 1.25-inch steel tube Pro-G upper control arm was installed using 10.5-inch-long bolts. Note the upper ball joint was installed by Heidts and ready to go.The upper control arm is then mounted in place using a pair of ¹⁵/₁₆-inch wrenches, and finally secured with a socket wrench.In a snap, Duke had the double crossmember Pro-G subframe anchored in place using standard handtools.Duke followed with the 1.5-inch steel tube lower control arm, mounting it in place with the provided hardware. The lower ball joint was already in place, thanks to Heidts.Using the supplied hardware, the assembled and adjusted coilover shock is mounted in place to the upper shock mount on the subframe. Heidts allows you to select your spring rates when you order your kit to meet your specific needs.Once the Pro-G 2-inch drop spindle was mounted in place and the coilover shock was secured to the lower control arm, Duke continued by mounting the steering arm to the spindle.The completed Pro-G suspension assembly not only looks impressive, it's ready to take plenty of abuse once it hits the street and track. The engineers at Heidts infused plenty of cutting-edge technology into the mix when designing this system.
While the system comes with 11-inch smooth Wilwood discs and four-piston black rotors, the team at Rt. 66 Motorsports wanted a little extra bite for when the Nova hits the track, so they opted for the Wilwood 12-inch drilled rotors for an additional $275.With two spacer mounts in place, Duke lowers the power rack-and-pinion steering unit into place. It was then secured to the subframe using the supplied U-bolts, nuts, and washers.


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Excellent map!
"During the 2231 spring break cruise sponsored by CSU Johnsondale, excessive partying caused a small navigation malfunction. The ship emerged near a nice little water world with very little land. The students immediately began naming everything they could see from orbit, with the more studious factions sparring with the more physically-inclined factions and special-needs factions to give names to the visible elements (the naming was done in round-robin fashion to be fair). The cruise ship did eventually make it back to Earth with the liquor supplies running dangerously low and a new, habitable world to add to the list of possible colonization destinations.
This event has led the colonization authority to seriously reconsider their policy of allowing first discoverers to name features."
Excellent map!
My Battlemaps Gallery http://www.cartographersguild.com/al...p?albumid=3407
Love it.
Gorgeous! I love it! Ok, I'm not entering this challenge now.
Very nice...I'm jealous of those mountains. I know it's from your software but the few times I attempted it I didn't do so hot. Great map to the competition.
When its over and you look in the mirror, did you do the best that you were capable of? If so, the score does not matter. But if you find that you did your best you were capable of, you will find it to your liking. -John Wooden
* Rivengard * My Finished Maps * My Challenge Maps * My deviantArt
This is helpful, iwould like to see more workflows regarding FT3 and wilbur as I´m absolutly amazed by the potential but not able to produce solid results. It´s just slow for try and error and I find myself with pencil in hand after I open up either program But with the right directions, you never know.
There is a tutorial I would like to understand the underlying logics, I´m able to follow it but can´t adapt it to my own desires. I´ll add it to the many challenges out there still to master.
Keep up the good work!


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Personal shop
> > Stamps, collectibles & gifts > Gift Shop > Products > Coin & medal products
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Silver is a very traditional christening gift. So this elegant medallion, struck from 97 grams of hallmarked, solid sterling silver makes a very appropriate and memorable way to mark this special occasion. Just as importantly, it is one that is sure to be kept for a lifetime.Code VB002
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We've been warned by Telekom that a substantial renovation of the local telephone system may result in frequent and lengthy interruption of DSL servive over the next seven days, beginning tomorrow, so we're posting Monday's map of the week ahead of time. We continue in the Dreadlands, at the military outpost in the ruins of Treeherders Shadow. The 61st Map of the Week is from the pending Jörðgarð (TM) campaign setting release "The Northwest."
Treeherders Shadow is considered to be the worst duty station that a soldier of the undead Duke þráinn's host can get. This appraisal is not based upon evil experiences. To date, the elves of Karelenland have lifted no finger against þráinn and his folk. Nonetheless, the soldiers in Treeherders Shadow constantly labor under the clear belief and feeling that they are under an elven magnifying glass, and that the elves may press their thumbs down upon them at any minute.
Having duty in Treeherders Shadow keeps a soldier under constant fright and pressure. That is true of both orcs and humans. No one in the outpost who has looked beyond the border into the darkness of Kareli Osmowood ever has seen an elf, not even a sign or trace of one. Nonetheless, every human stationed in the outpost feels that he or she is constantly being watched by elves within the wood.
The humans and orcs stationed in Treeherders Shadow do their best not to look upon Osmowood. They sense not only elven eyes upon them but also the presence of elves who mean them no good. Not a single human or orc is stationed in Treeherders Shadow who would not prefer to be somewhere else far away from the invisible but preying elven eyes that they believe are upon them.
Key to the Map of Treeherder's Shadow
1. Ruins of the Ganndar Elves. The elves are not a destructive folk. When the left the lands east of Osmowood and the River Fearsome, they did not destroy those things that they had abandoned. In earlier times when þráinn encountered the treeherder Stórblað on this site, an elven tower and a few buildings stood there, still in good condition. However, þráinn and his followers feared things elven. They did not claim these structures, nor did they maintain them. Thus, the tooth of time eventually gnawed them into ruins.
2. The Human Compound. The humans and orcs stationed in Treeherders Shadow are a single unit, but as elsewhere in the Dreadlands, each folk has its own compounds. Experience has shown that when orcs and humans are placed together in a single compound, bloodshed soon follows.
3. The Orc Compound.
4. The Road to Nárgl's Mill and Elven Meadow.
5. Post Headquarters and Human Host Headquarters. Njáll, the human male warrior who is overall commander of the outpost and also commander of the human host, has his headquarters here.
6. Stable. Horses of the few human cavalry soldiers are kept here.
7. Human Barracks.
8. Orc Headquarters. Steinólfur, commander of the orc host has his headquarters here. Steinólfur is subordinate to the overall commander, the human Njáll (location No. 5).
9. Orc Camp. Only seldom do orcs build things, and then only when it is necessary or when they have no choice. The orcs of Treeherders Shadow all camp outdoors in tents.
You can get the map in two versions:
1. The Fractal Mapper (TM) 8 map in FMP format, fully editable, from our Jörðgarð web page (17 MB).
2. As a JPG flat map of 3000 x 2250 Pixels (3.5 MB), available above.
Both versions are released for personal and commercial use under the Open Game License Version 1.0a, which you can read on the Jörðgarð web site.
The Jörðgarð web site:
Next: The Dreadlands - Elven Meadow.
Mark Oliva
The Vintyri (TM) Project


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Bradenton, FL (Sports Network) - Neil Walker went 2-for-3 and with one RBI to
help the Pittsburgh Pirates to a 8-6 decision over the Houston Astros, ending
a six-game Grapefruit League losing streak.
Bryan Morris picked up the win for Pittsburgh, allowing one hit and one run
over an inning of work, while starter Kyle McPherson struggled by giving up
four runs and three walks over 2 2/3 innings.
Tony Sanchez had a triple to go along with two RBI and two runs scored and
Jose Tabata also drove in two runs in the victory.
Brett Wallace paced Houston with a three-run double and the Astros plated
four runs in the third inning, one in the fifth and one in the eighth. Jordan
Lyles was charged with the loss, allowing three runs -- two earned -- on three
hits over 2 1/3 innings.
The Sports Network


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Out of Stock
Item # REY000P
Don't worry though, we have a lot more 29" Mountain Bike Wheels - Tubeless in stock than that.View Similar Products
Reynolds MTN 29R XC Carbon Wheelset $0.00
Few companies have invested as much time and energy into developing carbon fiber rims for off-road use as Reynolds. So, needless to say, we were excited to hear that Reynolds redesigned the XC Carbon 29-inch wheelset for this year. Along with a refined rim and an all new hub design, the spoke count has been increased, boosting the strength and durability. However, the wheels retain the feathery light weight that's made them a perennial favorite. They're back, and better than ever.
The meat of Reynolds' new wheel lineup is the redesigned high modulus carbon XC rim. At a around 380 grams per rim, they'd be highly ineffective as paperweights. Thankfully, though, the cycling functionality hasn't suffered a bit. They're 26mm wide at the outside, and 19mm wide internally, and that generous width increases the volume of your tires, which enables lower pressures while also enabling a more stable platform for cornering. Tubeless compatibility has been continually refined, with an enhanced bead hook and a deeper middle section that makes tire swaps a bit easier. Naturally, they provide the characteristically damp ride that you'd expect from a durable set of carbon rims, meaning that the benefits extend far beyond weight and stiffness. Furthermore, the extensive aerodynamic expertise of the team at Reynolds is on full display, meaning that these carbon hoops cut through the air with a bare minimum of drag.
They're laced to all new Reynolds straight pull disc hubs that utilize replaceable end caps, which makes them compatible with most modern axle standards. The rear hub employs a redesigned alloy freehub, which places the pawls in the hub shell, and in so doing, increases the size of the ratchet mechanism. As a result of this, durability is thoroughly enhanced. The hub shell is a straight-pull affair, which improves stiffness and makes replacing broken spokes a snap when the time comes. And while this wheelset is aimed squarely at the highest levels of cross country racing, the svelte 1525g weight for a set makes them an excellent option for the emerging genre of disc brake, mixed-conditions road bikes and cyclocross racing.
A nice feature of Reynolds' wheels is that they use a durable 28 hole, three-cross lacing pattern with a traditional spoke and nipple design for field service and easy truing and maintenance. The nipples are alloy for reduced rotational weight, and both front and rear spokes are straight-pull DT Swiss Revolution for high tension and total wheel strength.
And while the wheels are plenty tough, all Reynolds wheel owners are able to buy themselves some extra peace of mind by purchasing Reynolds' two-year damage protection plan. It's called RAP, short for Reynolds Assurance Plan. The insurance means that you'll have little fear that a crash will ruin your wheel investment.
The Reynolds XC Carbon 29-inch wheelset comes with a set of tubeless-ready valves for tubeless tires. Only use plastic tire levers with carbon-fiber rims, as Reynolds specifically discourages the use of metal tire levers. The wheels are for disc brakes only and come with mounts for six-bolt rotors. They also come with end cap spacers for 12x142mm or 10x135mm rear axles, and 9, 15, or 20mm front axles.
Tech Specs
View more 29" Mountain Bike Wheels - Tubeless
Reviews & Community
Race wheels that I throw whips on
- Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
Before I switched to these Reynolds hoops, my carbon race wheel history hasn't been the cleanest of sheets. I've cracked at least three rims, and typically break 5-10 spokes per year. I'm a skinny XC racer that likes to throw whips. I've put these Reynolds MTN 29R XC wheels through the ringer, and couldn't be happier. I've banged them on rocks, and pushed them extremely hard into rough turns, but am very pleased to say that they're spinning like they did on the first ride. They're incredibly light, and finally I don't have to feel like I have to tip-toe around rocks and drops. Now I can get Strava trophies on the climbs, AND descents!
An added bonus is how easy they are to set up tubeless. I've changed tires on them a handful of times now, and have yet to fire up the air compressor.
light, stiff, go tubeless effortlessly
- Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
A plug and play wheelset - they come with whatever axle configuration you might need right out of the box, nothing more than a 5mm needed. The Reynolds tape is one of the best I've seen and the rim design makes pumping up tires in the field actually possible. Its the first carbon rim that I've truly been able to mount tires on with a floor pump, dry, on the fly. No burping, wheels are stiff, yet have a nice resonance to them, not a dead feel from wheels that are too stiff. External nipples are nice should you (unlikely as it might be) need to true them. We ride them like we stole them, and they've proven to be very durable, despite multiple rim-outs. I rarely ride more than 20psi and hit rim pretty often on chewed up Spring condition trails. Zero complaints!
I was looking to buy a set of these wheels...
I was looking to buy a set of these wheels used can I still get the end caps from Reynolds?
Reynolds Carbon Wheels - XC and AM -2014
By MtbrVideos


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MEN�S MINISTRY Fish Fry fundraiser from 11 a.m. to 6 p.m. Feb. 1 and at 11 a.m. Feb. 2 at Crystal Coast Assembly of God, 1367 Hwy. 58, Peletier. Plates $7. Eat in or take out. Call 910-393-6858.
HAPPENINGS DEADLINE: Churches, clubs, civic groups and other nonprofit organizations can publicize their activities free in the Area Happenings and Church Happenings columns. All announcements must be submitted in writing, e-mail or fax. Notices may be mailed to The Daily News at P.O. Box 196, Jacksonville, NC 28541-0196, e-mailed to firstname.lastname@example.com, fax to 910-353-7316 or hand-delivered to the newsroom at The Daily News, 724 Bell Fork Road. Information is due by noon at least three days before the event.
Location, ST | website.com


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See the top 20 most helpful scuba gear reviews
Average Customer Review: based on 17 reviews.Rating: Innovative Tank Holder - 2 tank model
I would like a scuba tank holder that can be used in vertical position and have the back plate screwed/bolted into a storeroom wall on a boat. Would this one work? Not sure what that back mount is and its size? Thanks, Mike
Hello Mike, you would need both this item: http://www.scuba.com/scuba-gear-225/031810/East-Coast-Plastics-Molded-20-Inch-Mounting-Track.html, also http://www.scuba.com/scuba-gear-225/031720/East-Coast-Plastics-Roll-Control-Tank-Holders-2-tanks.html. That would make your tanks stand up and secure against the wall.
Does this holder actually match the picture? In other words, do the black straps with the dive logos on them come with the holder as well? Also, is it made from PVC or foam? Thanks!
Dear Robert, The cylinder holders are foam. I can see your confusion on the image. The straps on the cylinders are actually cylinder carries. http://www.scuba.com/scuba-gear-225/043005/Scuba-Tank-Carrier.html
TT Tank Holder
Styrofoam cylinders seperate and hold dive cylinders during a trip.
Prevents them from banging together and rolling around during a long drive or boating trip.
Prevents dings, dents and scrapes that often accompany loose dive cylinders.


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(USA TODAY) -- A photographer who saw a man pushed onto subway tracks and shot pictures moments before he was killed by a train says he was using the camera's flash to warn the driver to stop the train.
R. Umar Abbasi, a freelance photographer for the New York Post, told the newspaper he was waiting for a train Monday when he saw KI Suk Han, 58, pushed onto the tracks. "I just started running, running, hoping that the driver could see my flash," Abbasi told the Post.
VIDEO: NYPD video shows argument ahead of subway death
The Post published a front-page photo of Han on the tracks, apparently trying to climb onto the platform, with the moving train just feet away. Abbasi said Han tried to scramble back to the platform as onlookers screamed for the train driver to stop. The train slowed, but Han could not escape.
Abbasi said the train "crushed him like a rag doll."
"The most painful part was I could see him getting closer to the edge. He was getting so close," he told the Post. "And people were running toward him and the train.
Abbasi said he would have been unable to pull the man to safety. Still, his actions drew outrage from many on Twitter. Among tweets:
-- Natasha Henry ?(@NatashaSHenry) "Disgusting! Whatever happened to integrity? Or just basic morals?"
-- Matt Jordan (@infamousmj) "The photog should be arrested. He should have helped him."
Physician Laura Kaplan was on the platform when the tragedy occurred and told the Post she had a stethoscope and rushed over to help the dying man. "People were shouting and yelling when it happened, but then people ran the other way," Kaplan, 27, told the Post. "I heard what I thought were heart sounds," she said, but Han never took a breath.
A manhunt was underway for the killer, described by police as black, 30 to 40 years old, about 5-foot-9, with short dreadlocks. He was wearing a white T-shirt, dark jacket, jeans, black sneakers with a white stripe and a black beanie cap.


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Maryvale, AZ (Sports Network) - Jedd Gyorko and Eddy Rodriguez each homered
and combined for five RBI as the San Diego Padres posted a 7-1 win over a
Milwaukee Brewers' split squad Monday at Maryvale Park.
Gyorko gave the Padres a 2-0 lead with his second long ball of the spring, a
two-run shot off Brewers starter Hiram Burgos in the third inning. Rodriguez
capped the victory with a three-run blast off Kyle Heckatorn in the top of the
Kyle Blanks added two hits, including an RBI double, while Padres starter
Edinson Volquez struck out four over two scoreless innings to record the win.
Carlos Gomez and Jeff Bianchi each collected a pair of hits for Milwaukee.
Burgos worked the first 2 2/3 innings and surrendered two runs on three hits.
The Sports Network


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Out of Stock
Item # POC0063
Don't worry though, we have a lot more Chest & Spine Protection in stock than that.View Similar Products
POC Spine Ergo Armor $0.00
Ask any medical professional and they'll tell you, "protect two things, the head and the spine." POC makes more than one product that can protect your spine and complement their headgear, so you have choices. The Spine Ergo Flow Back Protector is minimal in design, yet it offers maximal spine protection. And that is its sole purpose.
The Spine Ergo Flow is designed to be worn like a backpack. It's most comfortable when worn over a base layer and under a jersey. This way, you won't get any chafing and when you do hit the deck, the edges can't get caught on rocks as you slide and tumble down the hill. Remember, a pad that stays put, protects. You'll be armored by a segmented, injection molded polyproplylene shell. It's lined with sculpted EPP foam to minimize the impact transmitted through the hard shell. A spine-centered strip of mesh allows air to move through perforated vents in the outer shell. The webbing shoulder straps and wide, flexible elastic waistband work together to keep the POC Spine protector snug and in-place when you need it. It comes with snap-on cervical and coccyx protection to have an ultimate level of safety for days on the hill that you know might just get ugly.
The POC Spine Ergo Flow Back Protector is White and is available in three sizes -- X-Small/Small, Medium, and Large/X-Large.
Tech Specs
View more Chest & Spine Protection
Size chart
|Back Protectors
|Body Length
|59 - 65in
(150 - 165cm)
|65 - 71in
(165 - 180cm)
|Pocito Back Protectors
|Body Length
|39 - 49in
(39 - 49cm)
|49 - 59in
(49 - 59cm)
|Hip Shorts
|Waist Circumference
|28 - 30in
(71 - 76cm)
|31 - 33in
(79 - 84cm)
|34 - 36in
(86 - 91cm)
|Bone VPD Arm
|Forearm Circumference
|7.9 - 10.2in
(20 - 26cm)
|10.6 - 13in
(27 - 33cm)
|Bicep Circumference
|8.7 - 11in
(22 - 28cm)
|11.4 - 13.8in
(29 - 35cm)
|Joint VPD Knee
|Calf Circumference
|11.8 - 13.4in
(30 - 34cm)
|13.4. - 15in
(34 - 38cm)
|15 - 16.5in
(38 - 42cm)
|10cm Above Knee Cap Circumference
|14.6 - 16.1in
(37 - 41cm)
|16.1 - 17.7in
(41 - 45cm)
|17.7 - 19.3in
(45 - 49cm)
|Joint VPD Shin
|Shin Length
|Bone VPD Leg
|Leg Length
|13.8 - 16.9in
(35 - 43cm)
|16.9 - 20.1in
(43 - 51cm)
|Joint VPD Elbow
|7.9 - 9.8in
(20 - 25cm)
|9.8 - 11.8in
(25 - 30cm)
|11.8 - 13.8in
(30 - 35cm)
|8.7 - 10.6in
(22 - 27cm)
|10.6 - 12.6in
(27 - 32cm)
|12.6 - 14.6in
(32 - 37cm)
- How to Measure:
- For best results, take measurements over your underwear.
- Calf:
- Measure the circumference of your calf at the widest point.
- Knee Cap:
- Measure 10cm above the center of the knee cap.
- Underarm:
- Measure the circumference around your underarms.
- Bicep:
- Measure around the fullest part of your biceps.
- Shin:
- Measure from the center of your ankle bone to the center of your knee cap.
- Leg:
- Measure from the center of your ankle bone to the center of your knee cap
Reviews & Community
im "6 foot 1" what size do you think would...
im "6 foot 1" what size do you think would work best?
L/Xl would be the best fit for you, because you are about 185 cm and the L/XL fits 180cm and up
Write your question here... I'm about 5.1...
Write your question here... I'm about 5.1 is there a size that would fit me?
Sure...check out the size XS/S...it's based on torso length, so you'll want to check out the sizing chart (http://www.pocsports.com/products/sizeguide.asp?season=Ski), but it sounds like the small will be your best bet.
Been using the POC protector for just about 3 years now and have to give it a 5 star rating. Super comfortable and with the straps that could be clipped on and off on both sides, you have the option to position the adjustment buckle so it does not chafe you under the arms. I am 5'8 and have the size L, and it covers my spine properly. In fact so well that in three years I have walked away from many falls and slips on rails and in between trees with no serious injury, all thanx to this sweet piece of gear. The foam and padding also vents pretty well and even after 10 days of continuos spring time riding it did not build up any odors. Every end of season I simply rinse it with lukewarm water and leave to air dry. I would highly recommend this to anyone who goes onto the snow.
Hi I'm 178cm tall (5' 9"). What size would...
Hi I'm 178cm tall (5' 9"). What size would be right for me?
Hey JimmyDee!
I'm about the same height and I rocked the Medium size all season long. It's a comfortable fit, protects the tailbone well, and the shoulder straps should cinch down to make a perfect fit.
Slap this on your back and feel like a million bucks.
Is there a sizing chart for this armor?...
Is there a sizing chart for this armor? I'm 5'11" 150lbs. with a long torso and 32" waist. what size is right for me?
According to POC's sizing chart you would fall in right at the high end of the M size range.


text:
i've got my tags synced between thunderbird and zimbra, so that made me think the tags were actually stored in the headers of the email (using imap keywords?)
however, when i view the full headers of the message, i don't see my tags.
i use mutt when i work, but i don't have a way of customizing mutt based on tags, because i can't find the tags in the email headers.
does someone know where they are, so i could build rules around them in mutt?


text:
In the installation quick start , you said the SSH client software is one of then system requirements.
But i don't know the function of the SSH client.
When i install the zimbra on the FC4 , i don't install the SSH client , but the instalationl completed.
Who can tell me why???


text:
4.5.2 adds beta support for Ubuntu Network Edition as well as addressing many issues found in previous releases.
Notable items addressed include EST timezone problems, addition of a server based migration for pre-2007 time zone appointments, addition of BlackBerry Desktop Connector and help files for the lite client.
For a full list of items fixed please see the release notes and/or bugzilla.


text:
Hi guys
vanilla installs of 8.0.2. on both CentOS (unsupported) and Ubuntu (supported).
Although there is lots of google history showing that SPF has to be installed/enabled in SpamAssassin, I believe that was for the older versions of Zimbra, and that recent versions have SPF checking enabled by default.
We were first alerted to SPF not working correctly when we received a load of spam from "ourselves" ;-)
Having looked into it further, we *never* see any SPF_FAIL or SPF_PASS tests in the X-Spam headers.
I have spent all day looking into this and can see that SPF is installed:
Feb 20 17:36:22 zimbra-2 amavis[3377]: Module Mail::SPF 2.008
Feb 20 17:36:22 zimbra-2 amavis[3377]: SA dbg: config: read file /opt/zimbra/conf/spamassassin/25_spf.cf
Feb 20 17:36:22 zimbra-2 amavis[3377]: SA dbg: config: read file /opt/zimbra/conf/spamassassin/60_whitelist_spf.cf
Its a vanilla ZCS install with no options changed, so AntiSpam (SpamAssassin) is enabled in the admin UI.
Nothing fancy on the networking side either, its a VM running on a single interface with internet IP. Its not being proxied to or anything. Its MTA trusted networks is default ie itself (via 127.0.0.0/8 and its own IP address).
I don't know why but just cannot see any evidence of SPF checking being made. Ideas ?


text: Home Culture Crazy Talk: Palin: Obama Wants Discrimination She's decided that the president would like to go back to pre-Civil War America. By: Jenée Desmond-Harris Posted: March 12 2012 6:09 PM 0 Sarah Palin (Fox News) Sarah Palin has come up with a brand-new criticism of the president with an old, worn-out theme: reverse racism (we think that's what she's getting at, at least). She's decided that Barack Obama wants to return American to discrimination similar to that of the days "before the Civil War." She told Fox News' Sean Hannity:Now, it has taken all these years for many Americans to understand that that gravity, that mistake, took place before the Civil War and why the Civil War had to really start changing America. What Barack Obama seems to want to do is go back to before those days when we were in different classes based on income, based on color of skin.We can only guess that this convoluted theory about what Obama "seems to want" is a response to the recent Derrick Bell non-scandal and the idea that he thought and talked about race when he was a student -- which, as everyone on the far right is aware, means he is racist.If she says so ... Read more at the Huffington Post. Like The Root on Facebook. Follow us on Twitter. Get what we're watching delivered to your inbox everyday! Sign up for our daily video newsletter below. Powered by Livefyre 0


text:
Images: USS Freedom visits Hawaii [Image 2 of 14]
Photo by Tech. Sgt. Michael Holzworth
U.S. Navy Adm. Cecil D. Haney, U.S. Pacific Fleet, commander speaks to local media while on board the Navy's first littoral combat ship USS Freedom (LCS 1) during its recent visit Hawaii March 11, 2013. The Freedom arrived at Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam after departing her homeport of San Diego on March 1 for her maiden deployment to the Asia-Pacific region. (Department of Defense photo by U.S. Air Force Tech. Sgt. Michael R. Holzworth/Released)
This work, USS Freedom visits Hawaii [Image 1 of 14], by TSgt Michael Holzworth, identified by DVIDS, is free of known copyright restrictions under U.S. copyright law.
Date Taken:03.11.2013
Date Posted:03.11.2013 23:40
Photo ID:884217
Size:1.62 MB
Location:HONOLULU, HI, US


text:
|Fans of all ages unite for the Broncos
|Written by Kyle Arnoldy
Bright orange and blue have recently become more prominent colors around town as Holyoke joins the rest of the state in anxiously anticipating Super Bowl Sunday, Feb. 2.
With the Denver Broncos aiming to snatch their third Super Bowl victory in the team's history, fans eagerly await the moment when the Broncos can once again lift the Vince Lombardi Trophy high above their heads as Super Bowl champions.
Storefronts in Holyoke are proudly showcasing their Broncos merchandise and memorabilia, and jerseys from all eras of the team are returning to style as excitement grows for children and adults alike.
Fourth-grade students Rachel Krueger, Kaison Kinnie, Kristin Vieselmeyer and Koby Way are just a handful of the students in Holyoke showing their support for the Broncos in the days leading up to Super Bowl XLVIII.
It has been a long time coming for many Broncos fans as Denver's last Super Bowl title came Jan. 31, 1999. For high school age fans and younger, Denver's most successful stretch in the NFL came before their time.
"There have been up and down seasons, but they never have been really awful," HHS senior Logan Tharp said of the years he has cheered for the team. "The last two years have been the most successful by far that I can remember with Peyton Manning taking over."
Tharp, who wasn't even 3 years old during Denver's last Super Bowl run, said he is excited he finally gets to see his favorite team have a shot at the title. "School should have been canceled next Monday (Feb. 3) instead of this Monday (Jan. 27) for when the Broncos win," Tharp said with a laugh.
For many fans, this is their seventh time watching the home-state team make it to the biggest stage in the NFL.
Rick Unrein, a 25-year season ticket holder, has been to his fair share of games. A lifelong fan, Unrein has experienced the agony of four Super Bowl losses and celebrated his team's back-to-back championships in the late 1990s.
With the Super Bowl just days away, the seventh one has a bit more of a special meaning to Unrein. One of Unrein's distant cousins is Mitch Unrein, a defensive tackle for the Super Bowl-bound Broncos.
"I can't really look back and say one Super Bowl was more exciting than any others, but with Mitch playing, this one is more special," Unrein said.
While Unrein won't be making the trip to New Jersey for the big game, he does plan to gather with other family members to watch his cousin and the rest of the Broncos take on the Seattle Seahawks.
Unrein was on hand for the AFC championship game in Denver Jan. 19 when the team secured a trip to the Super Bowl.
"In 25 years, that was as loud as I've ever heard the crowd," Unrein said.
Also in attendance for the AFC championship game, Steve Young said the energy in the stands was unlike any other game he has been to. He estimated that he sat only three to four minutes throughout the night.
One Holyoke High School alum was lucky enough to snag a highly coveted ticket for the big game. Gentry Lock, a 2001 HHS grad, now lives in New York City and will be rooting for her home-state team firsthand.
While she said she is nervous about the expected winter conditions, she won't let the cold keep her from the game.
"I can deal with 30- to 40-degree weather," Lock said. "But if the weather doesn't warm up soon, I'll be watching the game in my snow pants, snow boots and parka."
The game is scheduled to kick off at 4:30 p.m. MST.
Holyoke Enterprise January 30, 2014


text:
Partly cloudy with chance of rain
Published: Thursday, June 13, 2013 at 12:30 a.m.
Last Modified: Wednesday, June 12, 2013 at 11:03 p.m.
Today: Partly cloudy with a chance of a thunderstorm and a chance of rain in the afternoon. High of 93F with a heat index of 100F. Breezy. Winds from the SW at 10 to 20 mph. Chance of rain 30%. Tonight: Partly cloudy with thunderstorms, then a chance of a thunderstorm and a chance of rain after midnight. Low of 72F. Breezy. Winds from the WSW at 10 to 20 mph. Chance of rain 60% with rainfall amounts near 0.3 in. possible
For more local weather and live radar information, go to www.StarNewsOnline.com/weather.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


text:
Daylight Finally Breaks Through the Clouds
"To my surprise and my delight…the clouds burst to show daylight" - Coldplay
This past month, a lot of people have been asking me to comment on the rumors swirling around a possible IBM open source initiative for software-defined networking (SDN) called Daylight. And I mean a LOT of people, from the audience at the OFC/NFOEC conference, to the Wall Street banks who attended my talk at the Open Network Exchange in Manhattan, to my fellow networking engineers who participated in the online roundtable from the MPLS/Ethernet World Congress. Since I usually enjoy a good technical discussion, it's been more than a bit frustrating that I couldn't respond to these rumors directly before now. Waiting for the official announcement of this initiative was made even harder when I read some of the preliminary online speculation about Daylight that was either misinformed, misguided, or just plain wrong.
In any case, it was a tremendous relief for me when The Linux Foundation (the industry's leading nonprofit organization dedicated to open source development) announced OpenDaylight this morning. So for everyone who's been waiting along with me, let's take this opportunity to clear the air about what OpenDaylight actually means for the data networking industry.
As I mentioned in my recent tutorial at OFC/NFOEC, major industry trends such as warehouse scale data centers, big data analytics, and cloud computing in the enterprise are driving companies to revisit their data center network designs. SDN has the potential to lower capital and operating expenses, increase efficiencies, and provide faster time to value in this rapidly changing environment. But in order to fully realize the potential value of SDN, as quickly as possible, we need to go beyond the product line of any one networking company. We need to create a development community that encourages rapid innovation from a broad range of stake holders serving a common goal. In short, we need to do for networking what Linux did for server operating systems.
OpenDaylight is an open source framework intended to accelerate adoption of Software Defined Networking and to create an open, transparent approach to SDN development. Just as the Linux community created a viable open source operating system, which matured until it was deployed on enterprise-class systems and mainframes, OpenDaylight will create programmable SDN abstractions for many different types of data networks. Much of the initial code will be contributed and supported by industry leading companies who have signed up as either Platinum or Gold members of the OpenDaylight project. I feel this is one of the strongest features of the project; OpenDaylight is not owned by any one company, although many industry leaders have committed both developers and funding to the effort. Besides IBM, founding members include BigSwitch Networks, Brocade, Cisco, Citrix, Ericsson, Juniper, Microsoft, NEC, Red Hat, and VMWare; other contributors include Arista, Fujitsu, Alcatel-Lucent, Intel, Dell, Hewlett Packard, Nuage, and Plumgrid. I've been working with many other IBMers for the past few months, talking with these companies and crafting a common perspective for the SDN open source community. You'll note that a number of these companies had previously publicly endorsed IBM's point of view regarding open networking standards (the Open Datacenter Interoperable Network, or ODIN). One of the five initial ODIN volumes deals with SDN and its implications for the data center; by definition, supporting OpenDaylight means supporting open networking standards, so it's nice to see other companies joining this commitment to interoperable SDN networks.
This project is good news for anyone who's been trying to implement the recent Gartner Group study, which effectively said that corporations who didn't pursue a multi-vendor networking strategy were paying 15-25% more than necessary for their network, and thus failing to meet their fiduciary responsibilities. But SDN is about much more than just reducing your network operating expenses; it's also a driving force for new applications and potentially new revenue streams. As I've said in my blog on many occasions, open standards and open source software are an excellent way to foster innovation. By supporting OpenFlow and other standards, OpenDaylight allows a global development community to innovate at the speed of software, just as we've seen for smart phones or tablet computers.
The first code from the OpenDaylight Project is expected to be available in 3Q this year, and will include an open controller, virtual overlay network, protocol plug-ins, and switch device enhancements. The code is independent of the network operating system, and is governed by best practices such as the Eclipse Public License (EPL) commonly used for Java. Just as in any open source community, companies are free to participate based on the merit of their contributions. For example, IBM plans to contribute an open source version of its Distributed Overlay Virtual Ethernet (DOVE) technology, which has been working its way through the IETF standards bodies for some time now. DOVE software runs on top of the existing network hardware infrastructure and virtualizes layer 2 and 3 network properties. This makes it possible to set up, manage, and scale virtual networks much faster than ever before. Some possible applications of DOVE include merging multiple data networks together (for example, when one company acquires another) or allowing highly virtualized servers to connect with merchant silicon switches (by abstracting the IP and MAC address tables).
I've said this before, but it bears repeating…it's a very cool time to be a networking engineer. I'm excited by the potential of OpenDaylight for cloud computing and other applications, and I'm looking forward to working with the global development community on bringing all the benefits of Linux and server virtualization to the data center network.
Still not sure how you feel about open source networking? Now that I can talk freely about OpenDaylight, drop me a line on Twitter @Dr_Casimer


text:
Originally Posted by LgHunter
I do a lot of backpacking in the off season and use Heed by Hammer nutrition. It is a powder comes in a couple of flavors. Kinda takes like flavored water. I mix it in my Camel back. Does the job.
+1 on HEED also. Good stuff, commonly served at rest stops on a few century rides I do.
Todd H
I have used the powdered gatorade alot. I am glad to see some folks like the wilderness athlete stuff. It just wasn't for me.
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text:
For what I can see on the hosted demo and on my own installation, Zimbra uses the same approach of Microsoft Outlook to create "conversations" (message threading), which is to based a relationship on the subject line. That is very inaccurate, extremely. People who might use the same subject over and over --on completely different emails, different conversations-- will see their messages "tangled" with others.
Please, use message-id, in-reply-to and reference for threading. In other words, please, please, make threading strict.


text:
The rumors continue to swell regarding what shape the Rolling Stones' 2013 shows will take. According to the latest word being whispered in industry and fan circles is that the band will be hitting the road sometime in the spring -- with Examiner.com posting that the newly formed Virgin Live and Paul Dainty's Dainty Group will handle publicizing the shows. Pollstar reported that the still-unannounced shows would reportedly be limited to 18 concerts "including multiple nights in select cities."
Kasabian's Sergio "Serge" Pizzorno may have given out the first clue as to where one of those shows might take place when he spoke MTV News about his band's spot at this summer's Glastonbury Festival: "I hope ours is the most talked about performance of the weekend, but that would be a miracle because the Rolling Stones are playing Glastonbury." Ron Wood has gone on record as saying he's personally pushing the band to play the annual UK festival.


text:
I've moved!
All of the stuff from this site is now at jk.ozlabs.org.
If you're looking for a new RSS feed, you can find that at jk.ozlabs.org/feeds/rss/.
See you on the other side!
global namespace
hiprofile - HTML interactive profiler, version 1.0
I've recently been doing some performance analysis work on Linux, which requires profiling various applications to see how they perform under load. One of the handy tools for profiling this behaviour is oprofile, but the output can be a little difficult to interpret.
So, I've developed hiprofile, the HTML interactive profiler.
Hiprofile is a small python script to generate HTML reports for oprofile data. Output is broken down into per-program statistics:
The page for each program lists the top 20 (by default) symbols within that function:
Each of the most-hit functions are show with per-instruction profiling data, and each instruction is coloured according to how 'hot' it is. If the source code for the function is available, the output is annotated with the corresponding code:
More info and downloads are on the hiprofile project page.
linux.conf.au hackfest: the solution, part four
In the previous article in this series, we finished with a parellel SPE-based fractal renderer. This article will cover some of the major optimisations we can do to make use of the Cell Broadband Engine.
Our last benchmark gave us the following results:
|SPE threads
|Running time (sec)
SPE vector instructions
The registers on the SPEs are actually 128-bits wide. Rather than using the entire register for one value, most of the SPE instruction set consists of vector instructions.
For example, say we wanted to add 7 to the value in register one, and place
the result in register two. To do this, we'd use the
ai ("add
immediate") instruction:
ai r2,r1,7
This instruction operates on the four 32-bit 'slots' of the 128-bit register (4 x 32 = 128) in parallel:
By using these vector instructions, we can do a lot of the fractal rendering work in parallel.
Vector instructions aren't specific to the Cell Broadband Engine - Altivec (on PowerPC processors) and SSE (on Pentium processors) offer similar capabilities for parallel processing of data. In fact, the PPE on the Cell Broadband Engine supports Altivec extensions.
vectorising the fractal renderer
The hackfest task description contains a little information on how to vectorise code:
The SPEs of the Cell/B.E. have an instruction set almost entirely composed of SIMD instructions - so you can do most computations on four operands at a time.
To take advantage of these SIMD capabilities, you can use "vector" types in your code.
For example, consider a simple function to multiply a number by three:
float multiply_by_three(float f) { return f * 3; }
By vectorising this function, we can do four operations in the same amount of time:
vector float multiply_by_three(vector float f); { return f * (vector float){3, 3, 3, 3}; }
vector float type is similar to an array of 4
floats, except that we can operate on the vector as a whole.
If we look at the instructions generated for both the scalar and vector
versions of the multiply_by_three function, they're exactly the same.
The following code shows the compiled assembly of
multiply_by_three(), both vector and scalar versions. The
function argument is in register 3, return value is placed in register 3.
multiply_by_three: ilhu $2,16448 ; load {3, 3, 3, 3} into register 2 fm $3,$3,$2 ; register 3 = (register 3) * (register 2) bi $lr ; return to caller
So, if you're using scalar operations, we get one multiply in three instructions. Using the vector equivalent, we get four multiplies in three instructions.
So, we should look at the hot paths of the current fractal renderer, and try to vectorise where possible.
Currently, this loop of our
render_fractal function is
where the SPE is doing most of the work, iterating over each pixel to find
the point where it diverges to infinity:
for (x = 0; x < params->cols; x++) { cr = x_min + x * params->delta; zr = 0; zi = 0; for (i = 0; i < params->i_max; i++) { /* z = z^2 + c */ tmp = zr*zr - zi*zi + cr; zi = 2.0 * zr * zi + ci; zr = tmp; /* if abs(z) > 2.0 */ if (unlikely(zr*zr + zi*zi > 4.0)) break; } colour_map(¶ms->imgbuf[r * params->cols + x], i, params->i_max); }
The renderer will execute the inner loop up to
rows *
columns *
i times, where
i is between
1 and
i_max. Seeing as this is the most executed path in our
renderer code, it is a good place to start our vectorisation efforts.
By vectorising, we can perform the contents of the loop on four pixels at a time (rather than just one), enabling us to reduce the number of iterations to around one quarter.
The new vectorised fractal generator is available in fractal.5.tar.gz.
All we have changed here is the SPE-side code (
The most significant change is to the
function, where we have replaced the above loop with:
for (x = 0; x < params->cols; x += 4) { escaped_i = (vector unsigned int){0, 0, 0, 0}; cr = x_min + spu_splats(params->delta * x); zr = (vector float){0, 0, 0, 0}; zi = (vector float){0, 0, 0, 0}; for (i = 0; i < params->i_max; i++) { /* z = z^2 + c */ tmp = zr*zr - zi*zi + cr; zi = (vector float){2.0f, 2.0f, 2.0f, 2.0f} * zr * zi + ci; zr = tmp; /* escaped = abs(z) > 2 */ escaped = spu_cmpgt(zr * zr + zi * zi, limit); /* escaped_i = escaped ? escaped_i : i */ escaped_i = spu_sel(spu_splats(i), escaped_i, escaped); /* if all four words in escaped are non-zero, * we're done */ if (!spu_extract(spu_orx(~escaped), 0)) break; } colour_map(¶ms->imgbuf[r * params->cols + x], escaped_i, params->i_max); }
This new code processes four columns at each iteration, and increments
x by four each time. We set up a vector of pixels (one per column)
at each iteration, and do the divergence tests on a vector at a time.
Most of the actual aritmetic is easy to convert; the standard multiply, add and subtract operators will work just fine with vector types.
However, the
if-test to see if the number has diverged is more
complex - since we're dealing with a vector of four pixels, we can't just break
out of the inner loop when one pixel has diverged. Instead, we need to keep
processing until all vector elements to reach the divergence point, and remember
the value of
i where this divergence occurs.
Basically, the above code keeps two extra variables:
escaped and
escaped is a vector of four flags - if the
nth word of
escaped is non-zero, we have detected that
the nth pixel in our vector has diverged to infinity. The
escaped_i is a similar vector of the value of
i where
we first detected this divergence, which is used as the 'value' for each point
in the fractal.
We do this with a few SPE intrinsics, which allow us to use some of the lower-level SPE vector functionality:
compare greater than
returns one bits in each word slot in
a that is greater than the
corresponding word slot in
select bits
For bit each bit in
c: if the bit is zero, return the
corresponding bit from
a, otherwise return the corresponding
bit from
or across
Logical-or each word in
a, and return the result in the
preferred slot (ie, the first word). The remaining three slots
are set to zero.
extract vector element
Return a scalar value from the
nth element of
splat scalar
Return a vector consisting of each word equal to
The first three intrinsics will result in just one instruction in the
compiled code. Since slot 0 is the preferred slot (and therefore where the
compiler would normally store a scalar value in a register), the call to
spu_extract(x, 0) will not result in any instructions at all. The
spu_splats instrinsic may require a variable number of
instructions, depending on the value to splat.
More detail on the SPE instrinsics is available in the PPU & SPU C/C++ Language Extension Specification and SPU Instruction Set Architecture documents on the IBM developerWorks Cell Broadband Engine Resource Center.
We also need to change the
colour_map function to take
a vector of
i values (rather than just a single value), and
calulate the colours of four pixels at a time. For now, we can just do this
one element at a time, using
spu_extract, but this could be
improved later.
After vectorising the SPE fractal code, we can benchmark to see how the vectorisation affects run time. The following table shows run times for the new renederer, along with the proportion of time against the previous scalar implementation.
|SPE threads
|Running time (sec)
|Vector / Scalar
Not too bad! We're doing much better than our original PPE-based renderer, which took 55.7 seconds to render the same fractal.
Ideally, we'd see a constant vector / scalar figure of 0.25, meaning that we're doing four times the amount of work in the same run time. However, there are still a lot of operations that we haven't optimised yet.
More optimisations in the next article!
SPE gang scheduling policies
In my previous post here, I mentioned that:
We also need to allow contexts to be loaded outside of spu_run to implement gang scheduling correctly and efficiently.
I think that may require a little explanation, so here we go:
gang scheduling policies
The idea behind SPE gang scheduling is to allow a set of related SPE contexts to be scheduled together, to allow interactions between contexts to be performed in a timely manner. For example, consider two contexts (A and B) that send mailbox messages to each other. If context A is running while context B is scheduled out, then A will spend its time-slice waiting for a message from B. If they are scheduled as a single entity, neither context will have to spend its timeslice blocked, waiting for the other context to be run.
So, we have to come up with a policy to define the behaviour of the gang scheduler. When does the gang become schedulable? Under which conditions should the gang be descheduled?
I can see four possible approaches:
policy 1: the gang is only schedulable when all contexts are runnable
In this case, the gang is only ever scheduled when all of the gang's
contexts are runnable (ie, they are being run by the
spu_run system
Although the simplest, this approach will never complete&emdash;consider the following:
- Context A becomes runnable
- Context B becomes runnable
- The gang is now schedulable, so both contexts are scheduled
- Because it has slightly less work to do, context A finishes before context B
- Because only one of the two contexts is runnable, the gang is no longer schedulable. Context B is never re-scheduled, so cannot complete the rest of its task
So, this policy isn't much use; perhaps we can solve this with a new approach:
policy 2: the gang is scheduled when all contexts are runnable, and descheduled when no contexts are runnable
This will solve the previous non-termination problem, in that context B will be able to terminate - the context isn't immediately descheduled when A finishes.
However, now we have a new, slightly more complex non-termination case:
- Context A becomes runnable
- Context B becomes runnable
- The gang is now schedulable, so both contexts are scheduled
- Because it has slightly less work to do, context A finishes before context B
- At the same time, context B does a PPE-assisted callback, which requires a stop-and-signal (and so leaves spu_run for just a moment)
- Because neither context is currently runnable, the gang is descheduled
- Context B finishes its callback, so re-enters spu_run to be re-scheduled. However, the policy does not allow context B to be re-scheduled, as only one of the two contexts is runnable.
Although this may sound like a rare occurrence, it's not a restriction we can pass on to the programmer. Imagine the following SPE code:
int main(void) { do_work(); printf("work done!\n"); return 0; }
Here we're doing a PPE-assisted callback (the call to
printf is
implemented as a callback) before finishing. If this callback were to occur
when the other context has already completed, we would hit the non-termination
condition above.
This means that the last-running context of a gang can never do a PPE-assisted callback. In fact, to be completely safe against this non-termination, a programmer would have to avoid callbacks after any context has finished, for risk of callbacks on the rest of the gang being synchronised.
So, it looks like we need to be a little more permissive when deciding if the gang is schedulable.
policy 3: the gang is scheduled when any context is runnable, and descheduled when no contexts are runnable
This is another fairly simple approach&emdash;the gang is scheduled whenever there is any work to do. We no longer have any non-termination conditions, as 'having work to do' will result in 'doing work'.
The tricky part is that it will require us to change one of the fundamental assumptions about spufs: currently, we don't schedule any context unless it is runnable. Because we schedule the entire gang when one if its context becomes runnable, we have to now schedule a number of non-runnable contexts.
The good news is that I've already done a little experimental work to overcome this general restriction in spufs.
The last approach is a little more complex, but works around this restriction:
policy 4: schedule the runnable contexts of a gang, and reserve SPEs for the non-runnable contexts
This is just like policy 3, but instead of actually scheduling the non-runnable contexts, we reserve a SPE for them.
This way, a non-runnable context does not need to be loaded, but can be quickly scheduled when it becomes runnable. The downside is that we're only half-implementing gang scheduling; there still may be interactions to a non-runnable SPE (eg, accesses to the problem state mapping from a running context in the same gang) that will cause running contexts to become blocked.
So, which policy is best for spufs?
Policies 1 and 2 have significant flaws in their approach. It's quite possible that either will lead to non-termination conditions in fairly simple user programs. I don't think we can 'work around' this with a restriction on the programmer.
Policy 4 will require a mechanism for reserving SPEs for a particular context; I'm not convinced the extra complexity is worth the effort, especially as this doesn't allow us to implement gang scheduling properly.
Currently, Luke Browning and André Detsch have a work-in progress patch series for gang scheduling, based on policy 3.
external context scheduling in spufs
At present, the spufs code has the invariant that a context is only
ever loaded to an SPE when it is being run; ie, a thread is calling the
spu_run syscall on the context.
However, there are situations where we may want to load the context without it being run. For example, to use the SPU's DMA engine from the PPE, requires the PPE thread to write to registers in the SPU's problem-state mapping (psmap). Faults on the psmap area can only be serviced while the context is loaded, so will block until someone runs the context. Ideally, we could allow such accesses to the psmap without the spu_run call. We also need to allow contexts to be loaded outside of spu_run to implement gang scheduling correctly and efficiently.
So, I've been working on some experimental changes to allow "external
scheduling" for SPE contexts. The "external" refers to a thread external to the
SPE's usual method of scheduling (ie, it's owning thread calling
spu_run). In the example above, the external schedule would be
caused by the fault handler for the problem-state mapping.
Although a context may be scheduled to an SPE, we still can't always guarantee
forward progress. For example, in the "use the psmap to access the DMA engine"
scenario, a DMA may cause a major page fault, which needs a controlling thread
to service. In this case, the only way to ensure forward progress is through
spu_run. However, I have some ideas on how we can
remove this restriction later.
the interface
First up, we need to tell the spufs scheduler that we want a context to be loaded:
/* * Request an 'external' schedule for this context. * * The context will be either loaded to an SPU, or added to the run queue, * depending on SPU availability. * * Should be called with the context's state mutex locked, and the context * in SPU_STATE_SAVED state. */ int spu_request_external_schedule(struct spu_context *ctx);
After loading the context with
spu_request_external_schedule, we
need a way to tell the scheduler that the context can be de-scheduled:
/* * The context should be unscheduled at the end of its timeslice */ void spu_cancel_external_schedule(struct spu_context *ctx);These functions are implemented by incrementing or decrementing a count of "external schedulers" on the context. If multiple threads are requesting an external schedule, then the first will activate the context. When the last thread calls the cancel method, the context can be descheduled.
We can use these two functions to allow the problem-state mapping fault handler to proceed outside of spu_run:
--- a/arch/powerpc/platforms/cell/spufs/file.c +++ b/arch/powerpc/platforms/cell/spufs/file.c @@ -413,9 +413,11 @@ static int spufs_ps_fault(struct vm_area_struct *vma, if (ctx->state == SPU_STATE_SAVED) { up_read(¤t->mm->mmap_sem); + spu_request_external_schedule(ctx); spu_context_nospu_trace(spufs_ps_fault__sleep, ctx); ret = spufs_wait(ctx->run_wq, ctx->state == SPU_STATE_LOADED); spu_context_trace(spufs_ps_fault__wake, ctx, ctx->spu); + spu_cancel_external_schedule(ctx); down_read(¤t->mm->mmap_sem); } else { area = ctx->spu->problem_phys + ps_offs;
Note that the spu_cancel_external_schedule function doesn't unload the context right away; if it did, the refault would fail too, and we'd end up in an infinite loop of faults. Instead, it keeps the context scheduled for the rest of its timeslice. This gives the faulting thread time to access the mapping after the fault handler has been invoked.
We also need to do a bit of trickery with the priorities of contexts during external schedule operations. If a high-priority thread access the problem-state mapping of a low-priority context, we want the context to temporarily inherit the higher priority. To do this, we raise the priority when spu_request_external_schedule is called, and drop it back after the context has finished its timeslice on the SPU.
the code
I've created a development branch in the spufs repository for these changes, which is available:
- via git:
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jk/spufs.git, in the
ext-schedbranch; or
- on the browsable gitweb interface.
Note that this is an experimental codebase, expect breakages!
new patchwork beta
We've had a new version of patchwork - the web-based patch-tracking system - online for a few weeks now at patchwork.ozlabs.org.
After Paul's presentation on patchwork at the 2008 Kernel Summit, there has been wider interest in patchwork setups for other projects. Patchwork originally hosted the Linux on Power and Linux on Cell lists, we've since added netdev, linux-mtd and linux-ext4. I've also added the main Linux Kernel mailing list (lkml), just to see how the new patchwork handles the load; all has been okay so far.
If you're interested in installing the new patchwork at your own site, you can grab the source from the patchwork project page. Installation can be a little tricky, so feel free to mail me if you need a hand.
2.6.26 on a Lenovo x61 thinkpad
It looks like the iwl driver is slightly broken in the 2.6.26 release - connections will drop-out after 10 seconds or so.
The workaround for this is to enable the config option
asynchronous spu contexts, initial designs
I've recently been working on some changes to the spufs code, and thought I'd write-up some of the details.
At present, the
spu_run syscall (used to run a SPU context)
blocks until the SPU program has exited (or some other event has happened,
such as a non-serviceable fault). This means that to take advantage of the
SPUs, you really need to start a new thread for each SPU context that you
create, otherwise your application will be sitting around waiting for each SPU
context to complete.
In fact, we have an invariant in the spufs code at the moment that only
contexts that are currently being
spu_run will ever be runnable
(and, at the moment, schedulable).
Ben H and I have been chatting about some ideas about asynchronous spu
contexts. This means that the userspace app can start the context, then later
retrieve the status of the SPU context (to see if it has stopped, faulted, or
whatever). We can then use standard POSIX semantics like
poll() to
see if a context is still running or has generated any "events", then handle
these events when they become available.
In effect, this is similar to
spu_run: currently, the
spu_run syscall runs the SPU, then blocks until an event happens,
which is then returned to userpsace as the return value of
spu_run. The main difference is that we don't block in the kernel
while the SPU is running.
So, I've been coding up an experimental change to spufs. Firstly, we have
to explicitly tell the kernel that we want a context to operate in asynchronous
mode, so I've added a new flag to the
spu_create syscall:
I've opted for a file-based interface to these asynchronous contexts -
SPU events are retrieved by reading from a file. Contexts that are created with
SPU_CREATE_ASYNC flag have an extra file present (called
something like "
event") in their context directory in the
spufs mount. Reading from this file allows applications to retreive events
that the SPU program has raised.
We need to define a format for the data read from this events file, so here's something to get started with:
struct spu_event { uint32_t event; uint32_t status; uint32_t npc; };
- where the
event member specifies which event happened - a
stop-and-signal for example.
The status and npc members return the status of the SPU and the next program counter register, respectively. While not strictly necessary (this information is available from other files in spufs), it's very likely that the application will need these values in order to handle the event.
So, users of this interface may look something like this:
uint32_t npc = 0; struct context { int fd; int event_fd; } context; /* create the context */ context.fd = spu_create("/spu/ctx", NULL, SPU_CREATE_ASYNC); /* open the events file */ context.event_fd = openat(context.fd, "event", O_RDWR); /* start the context running. unlike the spu_run syscall, * this function does not block for the duration of the * spu program */ run_context(&context, npc); for (;;) { struct spu_event event; /* get the next event caused by the SPU */ read(context.event_fd, &event, sizeof(event)); if (event.event == SPU_EVENT_STOP) break; /* handle other event ... */ }
Note that the userspace examples here are not what we'd present to Cell application developers. They're more low-level examples of how the new asynchronous kernel interface works. In fact, the changes could be completely transparent to applications which use the libSPE interface.
This isn't far from the API provided by the current
syscall, except that we're not waiting in the kernel while the SPU is
Also, we're going to need to control the SPU somehow - for example, we need
to implement the
run_context function in the pseudocode above.
Rather than overloading the
spu_run syscall, I've opted to use the
same event file - writes to this file will allow userspace to control the SPU.
I'm still working out the exact format of these writes, but the way I've
implemented it at the moment is that the application can write structures of
this layout to the file:
struct spu_control { uint32_t op; char data[]; };
The contents of the
data member depends on the operation
requested (specified by the
op member). For example, a 'start spu'
operation would have four extra bytes - a
uint32_t containing the
NPC to start the SPU execution from. A 'stop spu' operation doesn't require any
extra parameters, so the
data member would be 0 bytes long.
This would allow us to implement the
run_context function
as follows:
void run_context(struct context *context, uint32_t npc) { uint32_t buf[2]; buf[0] = SPU_CONTROL_START_SPU; buf[1] = npc; write(context.event_fd, buf, sizeof(buf)); }
There are plenty of other issues to deal with (like signals, and debugging), but I have a basic prototype working at the moment. More to come!
debian on a qs22 cell blade
Seeing as the QS22 blades are out, here's a short guide to getting debian installed.
[jk@qs22 ~]$ grep -m1 ^cpu /proc/cpuinfo cpu : Cell Broadband Engine, altivec supported [jk@qs22 ~]$ lsb_release -d Description: Debian GNU/Linux unstable (sid)
You'll need a kernel that has support for the IBM Cell blades. If you configure your kernel with the 'cell_defconfig' target, you should have all the necessary options:
[jk@pingu linux-2.6.25]$ make cell_defconfig
Specifically, you need:
root filesystem
The QS22s have no internal disk (they're compute nodes, right?), so you'll have to either:
- use a remote root filesystem, like NFS; or
- add a LSI SAS adaptor to the blade, and use an external SAS disk for the root filesystem.
The installation process will be different depending on which you choose, so just skip to the appropriate section here.
NFS root
For the first option, there's a number of NFS-root howtos
around. First up, we need to build the actual debian filesystem, using
debootstrap. For example:
[jk@pingu ~]$ sudo debootstrap --arch=powerpc --foreign sid /srv/nfs/qs22/
This will create an entire debian filesystem in
We need to make a few modifications though:
- add the following line to
T0:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 19200 vt100
- and couple of extra device nodes:
[jk@pingu ~]$ cd /srv/nfs/qs22/dev [jk@pingu dev]$ sudo mknod console c 5 1 [jk@pingu dev]$ sudo mknod ttyS0 c 4 64
Once this is done, we need to complete the bootstrap on the QS22. Set up
your NFS server, and export the appropriate directory. Boot the QS22 with the
nfs root kernel options, plus "
rw init=/bin/sh" (eg
root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=server_ip:/srv/nfs/qs22 ip=dhcp rw
init=/bin/sh). Then, once the machine has booted:
sh-3.2# PATH=/:/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin /debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage
This should finish the bootstrap. After it has completed (it should finish
with "
I: Base system installed successfully"), reboot the
machine with the same kernel command line, minus the
init=/bin/sh arguments. Once it boots, you should have the debian login
prompt. Login as root (there will be no password, but don't forget to set one)
and away you go.
SAS disk
If you're using SAS, the install is much more straightforward, as you can just use the standard debian installer. However, you may need to use a custom kernel which supports the QS22s. This is a matter of building your own kernel, using the powerpc64 debian installer image as the initramfs:
[jk@pingu linux-2.6.25]$ wget http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/testing/main/installer-powerpc/current/images/powerpc64/netboot/initrd.gz [jk@pingu linux-2.6.25]$ gunzip -c < initrd.gz > initrd [jk@pingu linux-2.6.25]$ make cell_defconfig [jk@pingu linux-2.6.25]$ sed -ie 's,^CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE=".*",CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE="'$PWD'/initrd",' .config [jk@pingu linux-2.6.25]$ make
Then, just boot the kernel in
arch/powerpc/boot/zImage.pseries. The debian installer should start, and guide you through the rest of the
installation. Since you're netbooting, you can ignore any messages about not
having a bootstrap partition, or not being able to install a kernel or
Entirely optional, but you'll probably get the most out of your QS22 with a few extra packages:
[jk@qs22 ~]$ sudo apt-get install openssh-server libspe2-dev spu-gcc build-essential
linux.conf.au hackfest: the solution, part three
In part two of this series, we had just ported a fractal renderer to the SPEs on a Cell Broadband Engine machine. Now we're going to start the optimisation...
Our baseline performance is 40.7 seconds to generate the sample fractal (using the sample fractal parameters).
The initial SPE-based fractal renderer used only one SPE. However, we have more available:
|SPEs available
|Sony Playstation 3
|IBM QS21 / QS22 blades.
|16 (8 per CPU)
So, we should be able to get better performance by distributing the render work between the SPEs. We can do this by dividing the fractal into a set of n strips, where n is the number of SPEs available. Then, each SPE renders its own strip of the fractal.
The following image shows the standard fractal, as would be rendered by 8 SPEs, with shading to show the division of the work amongst the SPEs.
In order to split up the work, we first need to tell each SPE which part of
the fractal it is to render. We'll add two variables to the
spe_args structure (which is passed to the SPE during program
setup), to provide the total number of threads (
n_threads) and
the index of this SPE thread (
struct spe_args { struct fractal_params fractal; int n_threads; int thread_idx; };
spe changes
On the SPE side, we use these parameters to alter the invocations of
render_fractal. We set up another couple of convenience variables:
rows_per_spe = args.fractal.rows / args.n_threads; start_row = rows_per_spe * args.thread_idx;
And just alter our
for-loop to only render
rows_per_spe rows, rather than the entire fractal:
for (row = 0; row < rows_per_spe; row += rows_per_dma) { render_fractal(&args.fractal, start_row + row, rows_per_dma); mfc_put(buf, ppe_buf + (start_row + row) * bytes_per_row, bytes_per_row * rows_per_dma, 0, 0, 0); /* Wait for the DMA to complete */ mfc_write_tag_mask(1 << 0); mfc_read_tag_status_all(); }
ppe changes
The changes to the PPE code are fairly simple - instead of just creating one thread, create n threads.
First though, let's add a '
-n' argument to the program to
specify the number of threads to start:
while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "p:o:n:")) != -1) { switch (opt) { /* other options omitted */ case 'n': n_threads = atoi(optarg); break;
Rather than just creating one SPE thread, we create
Also, we have to set the thread-specific arguments for each thread:
for (i = 0; i < n_threads; i++) { /* copy the fractal data into this thread's args */ memcpy(&threads[i].args.fractal, fractal, sizeof(*fractal)); /* set thread-specific arguments */ threads[i].args.n_threads = n_threads; threads[i].args.thread_idx = i; threads[i].ctx = spe_context_create(0, NULL); spe_program_load(threads[i].ctx, &spe_fractal); pthread_create(&threads[i].pthread, NULL, spethread_fn, &threads[i]); }
Now, the SPEs should be running, and generating their own slice of the fractal. We just have to wait for them all to finish:
/* wait for the threads to finish */ for (i = 0; i < n_threads; i++) pthread_join(threads[i].pthread, NULL);
If you're after the source code for the multi-threaded SPE fractal renderer, it's available in fractal.3.tar.gz.
That's it! Now we have a multi-threaded SPE application to do the fractal rendering. In theory, an n threaded program will take 1/n of the time of a single-threaded implementation, let's see how that fares with reality...
Let's compare invocations of our multi-threaded fractal renderer, with
different values for the
n_threads parameter.
|SPE threads
|Running time (sec)
Not too bad, but we're definitely not seeing linear scalability here; we could expect the 8 SPE case to take around 5 seconds, rather than 11.
what's slowing us down?
A little investigation into the fractal generator will show that some SPE
threads are finishing long before others. This is due to the variability in
calculation time between pixels. In order to see if a point (ie, pixel) in the
fractal does not converge towards infinity (and gets coloured blue),
we need to do the full
i_max tests in
i_max is 10,000 in our sample fractal). Other pixels may
converge much more quickly (possibly in under 10 iterations), and so are orders
of mangitude faster to calculate.
We end up with slices that are very quick to calculate, and others that take longer. Of course, we have to wait for the longest-running SPE thread to complete, so our overall runtime will be that of the slowest thread.
So, let's take another aproach to distributing the workload. Rather than dividing the fractal into contiguous slices, we can interleave the SPE work. For example, if we were to use 2 SPE threads, then thread 0 would render all the even chunks, and thread 1 would render all the odd chunks (where a "chunk" is a set of rows that fit into a single DMA). This should even-out the work between SPE threads.
This is just a matter of changing the SPE
for-loop a little.
Rather than the current code, which divides the work into
n_threads contiguous chunks:
for (row = 0; row < rows_per_spe; row += rows_per_dma) { render_fractal(&args.fractal, start_row + row, rows_per_dma); mfc_put(buf, ppe_buf + (start_row + row) * bytes_per_row, bytes_per_row * rows_per_dma, 0, 0, 0); /* Wait for the DMA to complete */ mfc_write_tag_mask(1 << 0); mfc_read_tag_status_all(); }
We change this to render every
chunk, starting from
thread_idx, which gives us the
the interleaved pattern:
for (row = rows_per_dma * args.thread_idx; row < args.fractal.rows; row += rows_per_dma * args.n_threads) { render_fractal(&args.fractal, row, rows_per_dma); mfc_put(buf, ppe_buf + row * bytes_per_row, bytes_per_row * rows_per_dma, 0, 0, 0); /* Wait for the DMA to complete */ mfc_write_tag_mask(1 << 0); mfc_read_tag_status_all(); }
An updated renderer is available in fractal.4.tar.gz.
Making this small change gives some better performance figures:
|SPE threads
|Running time (sec)
We're doing much better now, but we're still nowhere near the theoretical maximum performance of the SPEs. More optimisations in the next article...


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Search Results for: omnichannel
July 15, 2015
Batteries Plus Bulbs Strengthens Omnichannel Capabilities with New Dynamic Ecommerce Platform
HARTLAND, Wis.–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Batteries Plus Bulbs, the nation's largest and fastest-growing battery, light bulb and smartphone/tablet repair franchise, today unveiled its new website that aims to tie its online presence more tightly to its nationwide network …More...
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Mobile, Omnichannel, and Personalization Take Center Stage
Another IRCE has come and gone, and attendees left thinking we're much closer to a true omnichannel shopping experience than at this time last year.
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Locus Robotics Looks to Fill Market Gap Left by Kiva
[caption id="attachment_82642" align="alignright" width="300"] A Locus Robotics unit in action (contributed photo)[/caption]
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April 4, 2016
Operations Summit Will Help With Your Systems, Fulfillment Strategies
I go to lots of conferences, but for me, the Operations Summit is the most helpful to our clients and our consulting practice at F. Curtis Barry & Company. Why? It is dedicated exclusively to improving direct-to-customer and omnichannel operations, presenting …More...
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April 1, 2016
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March 28, 2016
How to Achieve Warehouse Efficiency Through Vendor Compliance
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Why LensCrafters Creates a Single View of its Customer
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Multichannel Merchant has announced finalists for the second annual Excellence in Customer Experience Awards, being presented on April 14 in a luncheon ceremony at the fifth annual Operations Summit in Cincinnati, OH. The awards were established to recognize retailers at the …More...
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Nov 18 2010
Christmas Crafts – Make your own Christmas Ornaments
It is that time of year when we create gift lists and shop for the perfect gift for a special loved one or friend. Sometimes, the best gifts can't be bought online or at the store. Sometimes the best gifts are homemade – created with our own hands, talents and ambition. Homemade Christmas ornaments are the perfect way to remember someone special this holiday season whether it is a co-worker, an old classmate, grandchild, cousin or friend. Kay's Country Cottage recently posted a blog on how to make homemade holiday ornaments including salt dough ornaments and glass ball ornaments. Simple and fun, these easy crafts create memorable holiday gifts and add a little personal charm to your loved one's holiday decor.


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1. Update Joomla version to joomla 3.2. 2. Quick Start Pack updated with joomla 3.2 3. IE8 problem solved. 4. And some small issue reported by the clients
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text:
|Essex, England
|High School:
|The Chafford School
•Named first team All-Atlantic 10 Conference All-Conference in 2012.
2012: Placed fifth (25:57.3) at the Atlantic 10 conference championships and helped lead Butler to the overall team title...finished 30th at the 2012 Great Lakes Regional Championships (31:54).
2011: Named first team All-Horizon League...placed runner-up at the league championship with a time of 26:06.1...finished 136th at the NCAA Division I Championships (31:05.60)...named Horizon League Runner of the week (Oct. 10 - Oct. 16)...placed first at the Bradley Classic with a time of 24:20.90...came in 44th at the Notre Dame Invitational (24:53)...finished 61st at the Roy Griak Cross Country Invitational (25:11.00)...
2010: Named first team All-Horizon League...Horizon League Newcomer of the Year...also named 2010 Horizon League Cross Country Athlete of the Year...earned All-Region honors by placing 18th overall at the Great Lakes Region Championships with a time of 30:44.10...placed 2nd overall at the 2010 Horizon League Cross Country Championships (24:23.78).
Background: Placed sixth at the British U23 1500 meter championships in 2009...South of England 1500 meter champion, 2009...finished 32nd at the English National Senior Men's Cross Country Championships, 2008...Personal Bests: 1:51.92 (800), 3:47.72 (1500).


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Out of Stock
Item # AAS001G
Don't worry though, we have a lot more Bike Socks in stock than that.View Similar Products
Assos Duathlon Socks_s7 $0.00
We'd be lying if we said that Assos didn't surprise us every season, and this year is no different. In fact, we're still scratching our heads in disbelief surrounding the ideology behind its new Duathlon Socks_s7. Essentially, Assos created a sock that's ideal for cyclocross, yet it's light enough for road cycling, but durable enough for running. Basically, it's Assos' take on a two-in-one design, only it overachieved as usual. We know, it's a great deal to take in.
These socks feature a blended composition of nylon, elastane, and polypropylene. Together, each fiber fulfills a different role, working harmoniously towards a single directive — comfort. The nylon fibers guarantee a light weight, high breathability, and comfort against the skin. Meanwhile, the elastane is featured for its stretch and conformity. But, the polypropylene was selected over the standard polyester for both its moisture management and durability. Polypropylene and polyester are both polymers, meaning that they're both essentially plastics. However, where they differ is that polypropylene is hydrophobic to the point that it's unable to absorb water. And, as a result, it spreads moisture out over a larger surface area, which rapidly accelerates evaporation. So, in short, these fibers ensure that your feet will remain dry. And when all combined, the three fibers provide the foot with the ideal interface for interaction with either a running or cycling shoe.
In addition to the varied fiber content, you'll also find that the Duathlon's construction is different from that of a typical cycling sock. Yes, it features a support band over the top of the foot, and yes, the Duathlon features a lighter weight construction in this area as well. However, the Duathlon is thicker in the toe box, along the bottom, and over the heel than a standard cycling sock. Amazingly, this goes unnoticed in the saddle, but it makes all the difference during either a cross' race or while cross-training. Essentially, this added thickness provides the necessary buffer between the shoe for the impact of running.
The Assos Duathlon Socks_s7 are available in the colors White Panther and Black Volkanga and in the sizes 0 (35-38), I (38-42), and II (43-46).
Tech Specs
View more Bike Socks
Size chart
|US Men's Shoe Size
|6 - 9
|9.5 - 13
|US Women's Shoe Size
|4 - 7.5
|8 - 11.5
|EU Shoe Size
|35 - 38
|39 - 42
|43 - 46


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Euro-Mediterranean Energy Efficiency Forum 2012
- Starts
- 12:00AM, 08 November 2012
- Ends
- 12:00AM, 09 November 2012
- Location
- Meridien Beach Hotel, Monaco
This invitation-only event will unite decision and policy makers, NGOs, and public and private sector representatives to drive energy efficient actions. The event will primarily focus on the economics of energy efficiency.
The Forum offers:
- Best practise sharing on energy efficiency projects
- High level debates around current and future energy policies and the implementation of energy efficiency at different levels
- Opportunities to accelerate energy efficiency investments
This year the Forum recognizes smart actions with its Energy Efficiency Innovator Awards. You can submit proposals before September 30 via ee-forum.eu