text:
The Feds
...are not our friends. You don't ask a rapist to watch your daughter. You don't ask the Feds to do the right thing.
You scare them until they crack. And then you go for their throat and kill the beast dead.
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[Cross-posted under a different title at Naked Capitalism -- lambert]
(Author's Note; Many thanks to lambert strether, beowulf, and Yves Smith for their reviews of this post)
Well, the debt limit crisis is upon us. Treasury Secretary Geithner says the US Government will not be able to meet all its obligations on August 3, unless the debt ceiling is increased by Congress. The Secretary says he is out of moves to extend this date. I don't think that's true. I think he can use proof platinum coin seigniorage to supply all the money needed to spend Congressional Appropriations. I do not know if the Administration knows about this idea yet. It may, and it may simply have been unwilling to mention it for its own reasons. But just in case it doesn't know, and also for the sake of the rest of us, I'm making another attempt to state the case for using coin seigniorage, so that as many people as possible know that the President has an alternative to the "shock doctrine," make a deal approach to cutting essential spending and services including the social safety net, in return for getting $2.6 Trillion more in debt issuance authority.
The idea of using coin seigniorage to remove the need for issuing debt, and so to always stay under the debt ceiling is due to a commenter (and occasional blogger) on economics and politics blogs whose screen name is beowulf. He first presented the idea in comments and then posted the seminal blog on coin seigniorage.
Throughout the next six months, a number of other posts appeared at various sites (See here for links) with increasing frequency as the debt limit problem received more attention.
In the last few days, as coin seigniorage itself climbed up the hierarchy of public awareness, Felix Salmon and Matt Yglesias, both well-respected, mainstream, and professional bloggers, have mentioned the proposal while taking issue with it for reasons I'll analyze below. Before, I do that however, here's what's involved in proof platinum coin seigniorage.
Congress provided the authority, in legislation passed in 1996, for the US Mint to create platinum bullion or proof platinum coins with arbitrary fiat face value having no relationship to the value of the platinum used in these coins. These coins are legal tender. So, when the Mint deposits them in its Public Enterprise Fund account at the Fed, the Fed must credit that account with the face value of these coins. This difference between the Mint's costs in producing the coins and the credit provided by the Fed is the US Mint's profit. The US code also provides for the Treasury to periodically "sweep" the Mint's account at the Federal Reserve Bank for profits earned from these coins. Coin seigniorage is just the profits from these coins, which are then booked as miscellaneous receipts (revenue) to the Treasury and go into the Treasury General Account (TGA), narrowing the revenue gap between spending and tax revenues. Platinum coins with huge face values e.g. $2 Trillion, could close the revenue gap entirely, and technically end deficit spending, while still retaining the gap between tax revenues and spending.
Recent Comments from the Mainstream
Here's Felix Salmon's treatment at Reuter's:
Even if Treasury can still sell bonds, however, that doesn't mean for a minute that breaching the debt ceiling is something which should be considered possible for the purposes of the current negotiation. Tools like the 14th Amendment or even crazier loopholes like coin seignorage would be signs of the utter failure of the US political system and civil society. And that alone could mean the loss of America's status as a safe haven and a reserve currency. The present value of such a loss? Much bigger than $2 trillion. (Coin seignorage, if you're wondering, is the right that Treasury has to mint a couple of one-ounce, $1 trillion coins and deposit those coins in its account at the New York Fed. It could then withdraw cash from that Fed account to make all the payments it wanted.)
Felix Salmon does give an acceptable one sentence overview of the proposal, but doesn't make clear that there could be even a single coin (not a "couple of coins") of arbitrary value produced by the US Mint. More importantly, he doesn't make clear why using coin seigniorage would be a sign ". . . of the utter failure of the US political system and civil society," or why using it would be ". . . breaching the debt ceiling." He also doesn't say why he lumps in a 14th Amendment challenge to the debt ceiling with coin seigniorage as crazy ideas.
Addressing these points one by one, first, it's true that the Congress hasn't been able to come to agreement on the debt ceiling, but it's hard to see why this is a sign of "the utter failure" . . . "of civil society." Even more, the US political system has provided the tool of coin seigniorage as a legal, if not customary, way of generating revenue in addition to taxing and borrowing. Why does this count as "crazier" idea or a failure of the political system? From my point of view the only failure here is the President's in not using coin seigniorage, or perhaps not yet even knowing about it. But if this is a failure, I don't see that it's a systemic one as much as it is a failure of this Administration to look for alternative views that go beyond its own knowledge and imagination.
Second, it's hard to see why using coin seigniorage would be "breaching the debt ceiling." Certainly, challenging the Constitutionality of the debt ceiling and overturning the legislation mandating it might be described as "breaching" it. Also, just ignoring it on grounds that it is unconstitutional might be described in the same way. However, using proof platinum coin seigniorage with very high face value coins just spends Congressional appropriations, including paying down debt so that it's way below the debt ceiling, or even completely eliminated, using perfectly legal means. It's hard to see how this can be legitimately described as "breaching the debt ceiling."
And, third, why does Felix Salmon think that using coin seigniorage ". . . could mean the loss of America's status as a safe haven and a reserve currency. " Why should a demonstration, using coin seigniorage, of the Treasury's power to meet US obligations even when Congress is in deadlock, lead to a loss of confidence, making investment in the US look any more dangerous than it is at present, or disturbing the status of the US dollar as the reserve currency? Surely if Felix Salmon wants to make such a serious charge he should at least give readers his reasoning.
It is possible that if coin seigniorage were used on a continuing basis to close the gap between taxes and spending, then US Treasuries would no longer be a safe haven for investing USD reserves, simply because, if no more debt is issued, then no investment in Treasuries is possible. But even if that happened, a low level of interest paid by the Fed on USD reserves would still leave US dollar reserves as safe a haven for holding "risk-free" US financial assets as short-term Treasuries are right now.
It is also hard to see why coin seigniorage, if used, would interfere with the status of USD as the reserve currency. Why should it, since continuous use of seigniorage would result in gradually eliminating the national debt? And what other reserve currency would the world use? The UK pound? The Euro, with its great potential instability? The Yuan, which if it became the reserve currency would force China to give up its peg to the Dollar and to even acquire a bit of a disadvantage in trading with us? What about the Yen? Sounds OK to me, but the world seems convinced that Japan, with its 200% debt-to-GDP ratio might have runaway inflation anytime now. So, will the world take the Yen? Probably not.
What about a market basket of freely floating currencies? Well, that would be fine, but it's hard to see how that would disadvantage us or cost us $2 Trillion. I also wonder where Felix Salmon got that estimate from. Also, is the $2Trillion an interest cost, a reduction in GDP? Is it over one year, or a decade? Isn't it a fact, that being the reserve currency costs us exports and jobs? How does that get factored into Salmon's $2 Trillion cost of not being the reserve currency?
Matt Yglesias is the second popular blogger mentioning coin seigniorage last week. Matt says:
This is an idea that's circulating in Modern Monetary Theory circles, and I believe that it's legally mistaken.
Perhaps it is. But don't you owe it to readers to tell them why?
That said, conceptually it highlights a very accurate point. If you think of the United States government as a consolidated entity, it's not possible for us to "run out of money" or "go bankrupt." The government of Ireland owes euros, but it lacks the legal authority to create Euros. Governments of small developing countries often owe dollars, but lack the legal authority to create dollars. Under a gold standard, a government might owe gold and lack the physical capacity to create it. But the United States is owed dollars, and can create dollars, so it's absurd to think that we might not be able to pay our bills.
Matt understands this very basic point of MMT, and that puts him miles ahead of most who pronounce on solvency. But it's also important to emphasize that Governments like our own can become insolvent voluntarily. That is, if Congress fails to raise the debt ceiling, or if, in the event they fail, the President fails to use coin seigniorage or another Treasury tool to create a positive balance in the Treasury General Account (TGA) at the Fed, then we can become voluntarily insolvent – a self-inflicted wound caused by a collective failure to understand our fiat currency and monetary system.
Now what might happen is that people lose willingness to lend us dollars in the future. We also might have inflation. Money was lent in the past on the assumption that dollars would be able to purchase real goods and services. Monetization of debt would reduce the real purchasing power of dollars, and might call into question the wisdom of agreeing to lend dollars in the future. But these are different issues.
First, if, as Matt recognizes, we can't "run out of money" then why do we need people to lend us our own currency in the future? Why can't we use coin seigniorage indefinitely for "deficit spending?" (From a technical point of view continuous use of proof platinum coin seigniorage would end deficit spending because it would close the gap between spending and taxes with miscellaneous receipts, a class of revenue. However, the gap between taxes and spending would remain and that "deficit" represents a surplus for the non-Government sector.) If we did that we'd avoid, as time went on, most spending on interest costs projected by CBO over the next 10 years. Indeed, if we project out to 15 years based on CBO 10-year numbers, we'd avoid nearly $12 Trillion in projected interest costs. Why borrow our own money back at all? The answer is we don't need to. So, we don't really have to care whether people want to lend us back our own money, or not.
Second, why would coin seigniorage in itself cause inflation? Coin seigniorage creates money to spend Congressional appropriations. As long as those appropriations are not so great that they exceed the potential productive capacity of our economy -- and right now our output gap is around 30%, and there is no sign of Congress deciding to spend enough to close that gap -- there will be no demand-pull inflation.
Would there be cost-push inflation? Not from coin seigniorage. The coins would just go into a Fed vault forever, and again the spending will be only what Congress appropriates. Coin seignorage will add to aggregate demand whenever spending exceeds taxes; but it will not cause cost-push inflation. That is caused by suppliers or speculators who are distorting markets. And the remedy for that is criminal investigations, price controls, rationing, and a thoroughgoing belief that markets must be very closely regulated by independent adversarial enforcers if they are to remain free.
Third, "money was lent in the past on the assumption that dollars would be able to purchase goods and services in the future." But, again, why should the simple fact of using coin seigniorage debase the currency? Matt needs to explain the transmission mechanism from using seigniorage to spend Congressional appropriations and pay down debt, to currency debasement. Saying that "we also might have inflation" is easy. But one really has to show that the likelihood of inflation is greater if we use coin seigniorage than it is if we issue more debt instead. My view is good luck with that, because there are very good reasons for thinking that coin seigniorage would actually be less inflationary than issuing debt to close the gap between taxes and spending would be.
Fourth, "monetization" is a term that is frequently thrown around whenever the Government wants to use its Constitutional power to deficit spend and create money in the process. But "monetization of debt" has a strict meaning in modern economies. It refers to the purchase of debt instruments by the Central Bank from the Treasury. That wouldn't be happening here.
Here's how coin seignorage works: Legal tender, money, in the form of proof platinum coins, not legally viewed as debt, is being exchanged for USD credits in the US Mint's Public Enterprise Fund account. The money goes into the Fed vaults, the USD credits go into the Mint's account. The profits from seigniorage go into the TGA. This is an asset swap, between the Fed and the US Mint, of money in the form of a coin, for money in the form of bank reserves. Both sides of the swap are money; so there is no "monetization of debt" involved.
[UPDATE] I now think this might be legal after all, provided the coin is made of palladium.
Palladium coins won't do; we need coins that can be legally given an arbitrarily high face value. The palladium coins are specified by Congress at $25 in face value. The platinum coins being discussed in the coin seigniorage proposal are proof platinum coins. The face value of these coins is arbitrary and has nothing to with the value of the metal. Platinum proof coins are strictly fiat money, and they can have as a large a face value as the Mint likes. Just like the USD reserves the Fed creates for quantitative easing, or to increase the money supply.
So, after months of blogging, commenting, and tweeting about the coin seigniorage option, it seems that enough activity has been generated in the blogo- and twitter-spheres to have attracted at least the passing attention of well-respected bloggers such as Felix Salmon and Matt Yglesias. It's pretty clear from my analysis, however, that both of them are offering conclusions about coin seigniorage that aren't based on careful analysis of the literature that's developed on the subject.
Put simply, they don't seem to have thought things through, and they don't seem to be in a position to guide their readers in learning about the coin seigniorage option. It's good that they've recognized that coin seignorage is, at least, analytically sound enough to merit attempted refutation, and have opened the door to discussion of it in the wider discourse. Thanks to both of them for that, and especially to Matt for pointing out that involuntary solvency isn't a problem for the US. Exposure for a policy proposal is always better than just continued burial in the non-visible portion of the blogosphere. Nevertheless, it would be so much better for all of us if well-known bloggers who take up a new proposal would investigate it with care before they pronounce a verdict on it.
What harm would have been done if Felix Salmon and Matt Yglesias had just mentioned coin seigniorage and admitted that they still had to research it before deciding on whether it would work, and that they were keeping an open mind pending that research? Certainly, the potential of coin seigniorage as a solution to our revenue problem merits that kind of consideration. How important is it?
The Importance of Coin Seigniorage to the President
I'll end this post by showing how important it is through an examination of our present situation with respect to the debt ceiling and the potential obligation of the President to use coin seigniorage to cope with it.
1. Congress has appropriated Federal spending for FY 2011 which the Executive is mandated to spend.
2. These appropriations exceed the tax revenue the Government is collecting. This was expected at the time the appropriations were passed. So Congress appropriated deficit spending.
3. Congress has mandated that whenever the Government plans to deficit spend, it must first issue and sell debt instruments in an amount a least equal to the planned deficit spending. In this connection, the Treasury is prohibited from having an overdraft in its TGA at the Federal Reserve Bank.
4. Congress has mandated a debt limit such that the Administration must stop issuing debt when that limit is reached. (The limit was reached in early May). Given the Congressional requirement that deficit spending must be accompanied by debt issuance, the debt limit, in the absence of other countervailing factors puts a stop to deficit spending, until the limit is increased. There is a very important countervailing factor. But it is not recognized or used. So, for the moment, at least, the debt limit has stopped any further deficit spending
5. The 14th Amendment, section 4, requires that the validity of the "debts" (broadly construed) of the United States never be questioned, and since the President has sworn an oath to uphold the Constitution, he is obligated to do all he can to see to it that these "debts" are paid. In fact, he's obligated to see to it that these debts aren't even "questioned." His suggestion that Social Security and other key payments won't be made on August 3, isn't living up to his obligations. Of course, he's not alone in this, since many law makers have been warning about the likelihood of a default for many months now.
6. Congress has provided the authority, in legislation passed in 1996, for the US Mint to create platinum bullion or proof platinum coins with arbitrary fiat face value having no relationship to the value of the platinum used in these coins. The US code also provides for the Treasury periodically sweeping the Mint's account at the Federal Reserve Bank for profits earned from coin seigniorage. These profits are then booked as miscellaneous receipts (revenue) to the Treasury and go into the TGA, narrowing the revenue gap between spending and tax revenues. Platinum coins with huge face values e.g. $2 Trillion, would close the revenue gap entirely, and technically end deficit spending, while still retaining the gap between tax revenues and spending.
7. If used routinely to close the revenue gap, such coin seigniorage would eventually reduce the national debt to zero, and remove it as an issue in US politics. In addition, the existence of platinum coin seigniorage as an option, removes the tension between the mandated debt ceiling and the 14th Amendment. It is the countervailing factor I mentioned earlier, because it provides a way to spend Congressional appropriations without issuing further debt.
8. The President has sworn to uphold both the Constitution, which prohibits a default, and also the laws of the United States including the mandates just mentioned.
9. These mandates, along with the platinum proof coin seigniorage authority, make using seigniorage, or another option like it that allows the Treasury to create revenue without either taxing or borrowing, the only viable options to: continue spending appropriations without violating the debt limit; fulfill all the other mandates, both legal and constitutional; and still be able to spend the money Congress has appropriated.
10. So, if no action by Congress raising the debt limit is forthcoming, it will be the President's sworn DUTY AND OBLIGATION to either use platinum coin seigniorage, or some other revenue creating tool legislated by Congress in past years, to make the money necessary to avoid default, since his failure to use an available way of creating revenue for continuing to spend appropriations, which he is mandated to do, would be a violation of his oath of office.
So, coin seigniorage isn't some crazy idea. Instead, it is a legal instrument that the President may, depending on how things work out, have to use in a bit more than two weeks to comply with his oath of office. It may be the only way for him to avoid breaching one of the laws which he is supposed to enforce. As such, it has to be taken seriously, and treated with more than just a few dismissive conclusions, accompanied by a lack of explanation.
Many writers on the current debt ceiling crisis have been taking the view that the 14th Amendment constitutional challenge route is the best thing for the President to do if there is no agreement on the debt ceiling. In e-mail communication yesterday, beowulf offered the following opinion on why this will not work, given the existence of coin seigniorage.
. . . No federal judge -- Supreme Court justices included -- will take the extraordinary step of enjoining an Act of Congress if the President who asks them to had an opportunity to sidestep the constitutional issue lawfully but neglected to do so. . . . .
. . . The moral of the story is if the Court thinks there is no alternative to breaching the debt ceiling, it probably would find it unconstitutional (or rather, it would decline to hear the case on Standing grounds, leaving the President's decision to ignore the debt ceiling in place). On the other hand, if the Court thinks the President had a lawful alternative-- like coin seigniorage-- but neglected to use it, they're not going to bail him out.
This argument is compelling to me given the history of the Court. The Court defers to the legislature if it possibly can, and prefers the President to avoid constitutional challenges if he has a means of doing so. In this case, he does, and the means is platinum coin seigniorage.
Appendix: The Coin Seigniorage Idea in the Blogosphere
The idea of using coin seigniorage, the profits made from minting proof platinum coins, depositing them at the Fed, and receiving electronic credits in return, to remove the need for issuing debt, and so to always stay under the debt ceiling is due to a commenter (and occasional blogger) on economics and politics blogs whose screen name is beowulf. The first comment of beowulf's I noticed on coin seigniorage was at New Deal 2.0 and I mentioned his proposal in a post I did on a possible Government shutdown due to the debt ceiling a couple of weeks later.
Beowulf continued his work on the coin seigniorage proposal as the weeks went by in various comments made at blog sites such as this one at FDL. We also began to exchange messages on coin seigniorage. On January 3, 2011, he posted the seminal blog on coin seigniorage. I followed two days later, raising the question of whether President Obama would use it to forestall an attempt to use the debt ceiling to extract cuts in the social safety net or not.
These posts were noticed by Warren Mosler, one of the originators of the Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) approach to economics, who sponsored what turned out to be a wide-ranging and very high quality discussion of the coin seigniorage option at his site. Beowulf contributed extensively and very creatively to this discussion, which remains one of the most important resources on the coin seigniorage option.
Throughout the next six months, I pushed coin seigniorage in blog posts at Correntewire, FDL, and DailyKos from time-to-time and in comments at various sites. Then, in late June and July a spate of posts on seigniorage appeared beginning, I think, with wigwam's at FDL and DailyKos. He's followed up since with a number of other posts including this one with a variation on how coin seigniorage might be applied by buying $2 Trillion in debt from the Fed to create "head room" relative to the debt limit. Other important posts have appeared this month by Mahilena, DC Blogger, Cullen Roche, Scott Fullwiler, and Trader's Crucible. Accompanying the last two are extensive discussions of coin seigniorage and constitutionality of the debt ceiling with contributions from beowulf. Scott's post also received extensive discussion with beowulf contributing at Cullen's site. In addition, I've added two of my own posts, one on constitutionality of the debt ceiling and coin seigniorage, and another on the President's obligation, if no agreement on the debt ceiling is forthcoming.
So, the proposal to use coin seigniorage to both comply with the debt ceiling and still spend Congressional appropriations has by now enjoyed the support of a growing number of bloggers. It has also received a great deal of discussion; receiving 246 comments at Warren Mosler's site; 206 comments spread over two post's at Cullen Roche's site, and 89 comments at Naked Capitalism. Readers checking out these discussions can see that the coin seignorage proposal has stood up very well to some very aggressive and forthright criticism.
UPDATE: Jack Balkin just blogged about coin seigniorage. It's put in the form of a conversation. Very non-technical. His definition of seigniorage is a pretty good summary:
"Seigniorage. Sovereign governments like the United States can print their own money. We have a system of fiat currency and we've been off the gold standard for many years now. With fiat currency, you issue coins and simply assert that they have a certain value, which may have little to do with the value of the raw materials you use to make them. But as long as people believe that your money is worth something, the system works.
"The difference between the face value of the coin and the cost of the materials it takes to produce it is called seigniorage. So if you create a hundred dollar coin made mostly of copper and nickel, the seignorage is likely to be close to a hundred dollars. That's new monetary value pumped into the system."
...are not our friends. You don't ask a rapist to watch your daughter. You don't ask the Feds to do the right thing.
You scare them until they crack. And then you go for their throat and kill the beast dead.
don't understand your hatred of the Federal Government. I do understand that we need to get Congress under control again, and that we need to get a President elected who won't sell out to the first special interest that comes along. But in my experience there's a hierarchy of corruption and criminal behavior in this country and the Feds are very far from the top of it.
The State and some of the local Governments are much worse. Still worse are the big private corporations in the private sector. They've been robbing all of us blind and you are evidently too stupid to save some of your bile for them. My advice to you is to get lost! You won't find a friendly environment here at Correntewire with that kind of cranky, vicious, and historically moronic anti-government rant.
No. A healthy disregard. Those who rule deserve only one fate. And it isn't a pretty one.
I don't trust the organization which:
1. Bombs children to death. Routinely.
2. Funds Israeli pogroms. And gives cover to them.
3. Hands billions to the bankers. While pretending to save the "economy."
4. Topples states to free up capital and resources. See Afghanistan. See Libya.
5. Runs the drug war. See the drug war.
6. Maintains a vicious and racially discriminatory, predatory prison system.
7. Criminalizes the possession of a uterus.
8. Works as a protection racket for the oligarchs. Has always been that protection racket. Always. Madison and Hamilton intended it. And they got what they wanted.
And that's an exceedingly short list.
I won't call you names in return, or disparage your intelligence. I won't stoop to that level.
But I do find your faith naive, to say the least. It's not like we don't have access to the history of the Feds.
Or the long memory of our collective history.
When the oligarchs of a region or country are not afraid, they do what they want. The Federal government is now and has been the State of the wealthy. It has never - not once - been the friend of the poor.
Ipso facto, ipse dixit, it is the state of our enemy.
And it merits only one end.
which is now clearer to me. But I'll make two points in return. There have been times in our history when our Government has been friendlier to the poor and working people. We know that The Government of the New Deal was far different than the Government today.
Bur second, their is no society or human organization that doesn't have a political system. Political power is everywhere, and the organization characterized by the use of legitimate physical coercion is the Government whether it's called that or not. So, railing against the Government can't help. But maybe taking it over and ensuring that it works for public purpose can,
So, in the end I don't find your post helpful; because I see it as The Government is terrible, but I don't see any comparison to other human institutions, which are for the most part even worse; and I don't see any better alternative, and I'm not given to simply howling at the moon.
Dear letsgetitdone,
A lot of this is way too over my head. I can't figure out if you're a crank or a genius. My bet is that you are a genius. I just wish that your posts would actually be responded to by some credentialed people, so that I could read their view. Yglesias knows some econ, but I'd rather see your arguments addressed by some real economic experts like Krugman.
Speaking of credentials, if you have them, you might consider letting that be known in a more public way. You also might want to consider posting under your own name considering the importance of the arguments you are making as we approach various economic crises.
If you post under your own name, and have credentials, I think your posts will get a lot more attention.
Thanks for your work.
I have to agree.
First, I have been critical of the overly erudite manner used to describe what is a set of pretty darn simple concepts. When both Salmon and Yglesias give a more understandable explanation of the concepts, you know you have a problem.
What is needed is an "MMT for Dummies" and "Coin Seigniorage for Dummies or even for people who have no idea what the word "Seigniorage" means let alone how to spell it". Sorry, if someone challenged me to use "seigniorage" in a sentence without sounding like an asshat, I would admit defeat.
Again, these are extremely simple concepts, much simpler than something like evolution, or relativity, theories which ordinary people do have a grasp on, at least somewhat. But that is because they are described in ordinary terms. Ordinary people can't understand unfamiliar theories and concepts unless described in familiar terms. Or rather, they don't have the time, and can't be bothered to get over other people's inability to talk in a language they understand. The onus is on the writer, as it should be, our goal being to persuade or be understood.
Also, although I'm pretty sure your identity is an open secret, still it wouldn't hurt to show you have credentials.
I really, really do appreciate what letsgetitdone is doing, and I myself have "seen the light" so to speak thanks to his writing. But it took a long, long time, and a lot of investment to get it.
That's the point.
Not many people have that time to invest, even if it is very important to understand. So I sympathize, and hope that all posts can be written in a way that the unconverted, unenlightened, can be enlightened without the major investment in time of sifting through macro-economic theory lessons, etc. as at those sites, or cogent, but jargon-laden posts at sites like this one which are more of a broad audience (hopefully?). This site is not necessarily an econ blog, it's more of a multi-discipline, shared information and learning blog. It wouldn't be helpful for me, on those occasions when I do so, to load up my posts on my field with jargon that makes it more accurate, more qualified, but less comprehensible to a lay audience, which is what I was trying to get at.
Which I hope is not taken as offense, again, because I appreciate learning. Plus, I know it is not that cool to criticize other people's writing style, so I realize this is thin ice, but I'm trying to understand, and it is difficult, because I don't know the jargon.
I'm not offended. I love to write; but I don't delude myself into thinking that I'm easy to understand. So, criticism is appreciated and I'm really very, glad that you've able to get it, in spite of my style of presentation.
Thanks for your comment. I'll try harder to get simpler. I always try to make things commonsensical. Sometimes I succeed. But sometimes not! Answer on credentials already given.
Btw, I'm not sure what gets one readership. My identity is open at CAF, but it doesn't seem to get me readers there. I'm not even sure that readership is correlated to subject matter in a predictable way across sites. For example this one: http://www.correntewire.com/debt_ceiling... got 3674 reads here; but only 208 at DailyKos, a much more well-attended blog.
Not at all, or in any way. I'm just wanting to understand, and I want others to understand as well. I would love to be able to provide a link to my friends that they can read and go, "Wow! Now I get it! That blows my mind!".
It's hard to get people to act to do something if they don't understand what it is, or need to put in an enormous effort in time to understand it.
Hi Joe, my name is Joe Firestone. At Corrente you can get my Bio from my profile page by clicking on the link to my home blog.
A site that has my short bio without a link is myFDL here: http://my.firedoglake.com/members/letsge...
A url with my long bio is here: http://www.kmci.org/media/RESJOE.pdf
It's a little dated. Can't find the time to update with all my political blogs/
The identity vagueness is an accident of history. When I started blogging politics in January of 2009, I thought I wanted to do it under my screen name so that it wouldn't hurt my Knowledge Management Training business. After about 3 months of blogging I figured I didn't really care if people thought I was a dangerous radical. So, I began letting the secret out. First at FDL. By the time I came over here I figured I'd just put a link to my home blog to take care of the Bio thing.
Now, why not blog under my own name? Well, that would involve changing my FDL, Correntewire and DailyKos accounts and the transition would be a little painful. There are places where I do blog under my own name. These include Campaign for America's Future, where I blog frequently, and new Economic Perspectives where they've carried my blogs twice.
On this post, I'm going to update it today to make it clearer. I'll do this, by putting the history in an appendix and by providing the definition of seigniorage near the front.
On readers, I think I get a fair amount of them actually. This one: http://www.correntewire.com/debt_ceiling... got 3674 reads, and this one: http://www.correntewire.com/keynesian_de...
got 1912.
Generally I always do more than 400 reads and am frequently close to or over 1000. So, I think that's pretty good for Correntewire.
A version of this post will appear at Naked Capitalism soon.
Thanks Joe. Believe it or not, I already knew your real name from some of those other places. I just think that all the Joe Firestone accounts should unite under one Joe Firestone brand. I mean, I like the "letsgetitdone" name... but experts like you who offer such Big Ideas should drop the semi-anonymity for the good of the nation.
Thanks for your consideration.
Thanks for the updates and rebuttals. I'm well on my way to understanding this nowadays. I would encourage those above to keep reading... it does sink in...) Just as I would encourage "what's his name" (LOL lets) and Beowulf and wigwam etc. to keep hammering away... especially now.
... to go away, so this is going to be an "evergreen" topic...
Please note the latest update on Jack Balkin.
duplicate deleted
your proposal. But I, Matt Yglesias and other bloggers aren't the ones you need to convince. You need to convince Tim Geithner because that's Barack Obama's principal adviser. I'm certain that Tim Geithner has no interest in this proposal. How do you intend to convince him?
The first problem is to get the access bloggers like Matt and Felix on board with coin seigniorage. Then they need to blog about about. Then we all need to reach the progressives in Congress. Then we need the progressives to stand up up on their hind legs for a change and vote with the tea party crackpots to defeat the debt ceiling extension. Then what will the President do? Is he going to do nothing? Or is he going to live up to his 14th Amendment obligation. That obligation, at that point in time will be to use coin seigniorage whether Geithner likes it or not.
So what I mean to do is to persuade Geithner, by leaving Geithner and Obama no alternative, and I hope to get that done by making it possible for the debt ceiling extension to be defeated.
Congressional Progressives to go out on a limb and vote against a compromised debt ceiling increase in order to force Obama to rely on coin seigniorage. They'll find it so much easier to go along with Obama's spending cuts. Aren't they the same group that proposed the 'People's Budget' which wants to raise taxes on working and middle class people? You'll have a hard time convincing such people that coin seigniorage won't be massively inflationary given their poor understanding of economics.
Which ones in particular do you think can be persuaded to do this? Are any of them leaning towards the idea? Is there a single 'progressive' in congress who even understands MMT?
So, you and I and everyone who believes this, as you say you do, has a lot of work to do. broadcast it as far and wide as you can. Coin seigniorage can stop all safety net cuts and also create a realization that we are not short of money, and we can use that to fight the coming battle of the budget. That's when they really come after the safety net. We can't afford to give any ground now!
I wish you the best of luck with this. I've seen this diary posted on a number of different blogs today and the idiocy of many of your critics is maddening. My problem is I'm just too damned cynical. I'm glad to see you are not. Keep up the good work.
You can't get to Obama without going through a few layers first. For example, if you can get the attention of some B-listers, you can then proceed to get some attention from some A-Listers, and then possibly get some attention from the mainstreamers... for example, Krugman (mainstreamer) reads Yglesias (A-Lister) and Atrios (A-Lister).
Perhaps you have commented on this subject and I missed it since I was lost in Alternet-land. If not, could you touch on what basis the Fed provided $29 trillion to various entities during the financial crisis? Where did this money come from? Certainly not coin seigniorage, right? Isn't the "issuance" of $29 trillion proof of the soundness of MMT??
doesn't have to use coin seigniorage, because Congress has delegated its authority to create unlimited reserves to the Fed. The specific authorities are covered by James Felkerson here.
I've read portions of that report before, but I find it very heavy going. I have a liberal arts degree, not a degree in economics! I'm still guessing that the report is proof that the MMT people are right in their ideas about commodity based money vs. fiat money. The chances of Congress reclaiming its authority to create money is between slim and none. And even if it was reclaimed, they'd piss it away on their buddies in the M-I-C complex. We're screwed.
to both create money and appropriate spending. It has delegated the authority to fill the purse to the Fed and also to the Treasury (Minting of coins having arbitrary face value and realizing coin seigniorage profits). But the authority to appropriate spending is still Congress's alone. The $29 T bailouts were extensions of credit by the Fed. They were probably illegal because they went beyond the Fed's mandate. But we shouldn't hold our breath waiting for prosecutions.
I'm being sarcastic here, but since Congress has delegated its monetary authority to the Fed and the Treasury and its war powers to the Presidency, why do we even need Congress any longer? Just get rid of them!! If we got rid of Congress, then we wouldn't be able to blame them for not doing anything for us (when has that happened?) any longer. Heck, all the bills are written by ALEC anyway. I propose that we get rid of Congress and fill the buildings with ALEC people. Then, at least we will know where to find the enemy!
because it's not the Executive. If it were we'd have a parliamentary system.
There's no way out.Wwe have to win an election overwhelmingly and then make fixes to the system that make our Congress sick and unrepresentative. We have to:
1. Get rid of the filibuster and the Seniority system in both Houses
2. Maybe just get rid of the Senate altogether, but, if not, then at least create a system of weighted voting reflecting population differences among the States
3. Get rid of the Electoral College system
4. Get rid of the influence of money in politics
5. Get rid of the corporate "personhood" nonsense. Corporations are instruments created for Commerce and for limiting the liability of individuals who act through them. The founders did not intend for them to have free speech. In fact, the founders were so anti-corporate that they came close to banning them entirely.
6. Get rid of the State-level restrictions on parties and candidates seeking ballot lines so that candidates other than the major party ones can run.
Of course, to do most of these things we have to change the Constitution. That's why we need to have an overwhelming victory. How do we get one?
A. The DOJ has to prosecute everyone who caused the crash of 2008 and jail them, maybe as many as 100,000 people.
B. The Executive must use PPCS to pay down the national debt, and get rid of technical deficits.
C. We must use the resulting pressure on Congress to spend enough Federal money to end the recession and pass HR 676 Medicare for All, effective within 3 months of passage date for purposes of signing up people.
D. Run an effective reformist campaign trumpeting these achievements.
Who's we. "We" are those of us who will take over the D and Parties to make them responsive to the people.
Why? Because logistically, it's easier to do that than to create a party with ballot iines in all 50 States, which the major parties already have.


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The BedpanWritten by Gerry Burger on May 2, 2012
Ah, yes, the term conjures up some rather unpleasant thoughts. Luckily, we're talking about a completely different bedpan here. Full bellypans are a long-standing hot rod tradition generally reserved for coupes, roadsters, and sedans, and seldom seen on trucks. While the original bellypan concept was designed to cheat the wind by smoothing the bottom side of the car, today, a louvered pan is often more ornamental than instrumental.
Last fall, we decided to bring our '40 Ford pickup back to a higher standard--nothing too crazy, just clean up some rust, spray new paint, and freshen up the interior, bringing it back to driver-quality standards. While doing the bodywork, we discovered that the bottom side of the bed was an unsightly mess--just the place for some extra hot-rod flavor. An inexpensive, simple solution (the best kind!) was a louvered pan that covers the bottom of the bed, the rear crossmember, and the partially exposed gas tank. Because we'd already mounted the license plate on the rear crossmember, the plan was to retain and louver around it. When these trucks were built, Ford was not too concerned about a little bit of chassis showing between the back of the rear fender and bed. That is another area that needed a little cleaning up, so, our pan was designed to cover the rearmost portion of the side rails, too.
Attaching the new pan to the bed involved tapping holes in the crossmember and installing Nutsert threaded rivets (Fastenal.com) everywhere else, as sheet-metal screws are not our favorite way of attaching anything. Aircraft Spruce (AircraftSpruce.com) supplied the Nutsert installation tool. Special thanks go out to Larry Shoaf at Rodcrafters (Welcome, North Carolina) for allowing us to punch our own louvers with his Williams Lowbuck press (LowBuckTools.com).
Of course, like most things on old hot rods, this job got a bit more involved once it became apparent that the rear bed mounts would have to be modified and the exhaust-pipe hangers changed. For the most part, however, it was a matter of carefully fabricating, fitting, and attaching the pan. We're pleased with the results. The same basic principles will apply to many trucks and cars. After all, not all hot rod pans are bedpans.
More Photos From This Article View Slideshow
Before-and-after shots illustrate the cosmetic advantages of our new bedpan. It will be painted body color when we give the '40 pickup its first respray in a quarter century.The key to any louvered panel is careful layout. Measure and mark and measure again before punching that first louver. We sheared a piece of 18-gauge sheetmetal to size and used a basic framing square, tape measure, and fine-line Sharpie to lay it out. The small, louvered panel allowed us to visualize how many rows we wanted.Punching louvers with a Williams Lowbuck hand press is remarkably easy, even in 18-gauge steel. The trick is to be certain the first louver in each row is precisely located, after which it's a simple matter of indexing the louver, being careful to follow your clearly marked centerline.The centerline on the panel is aligned with the centerline on the die. This keeps things straight and orderly. There is nothing particularly difficult about the process, but it pays to keep focused on the task at hand so you don't ruin the panel with a wayward louver.We punched the rows of vertical louvers first, then rotated the sheet to punch the upper-panel louvers, since they will be facing the opposite direction after we bend the panel. Punch a louver, index that louver against the guide bar, then punch the next one. Repeat to the end of the row.Have you ever walked around an aircraft and wondered how all those rivets got so perfectly aligned? Well, here's one way to do it, with this fan-style rivet-spacing tool. Since it's calibrated up to 1 1/2 inches, you can select the desired spacing as the tool fans out.After marking the centerline, the hole locator is expanded out to locate the attachment point. You can either mark the holes or, if you are certain of the location, you can center punch directly to the sheetmetal. This sure beats using a measuring tape.Before we could mount the pan flush to the rear crossmember, the rear bed-mounting brackets had to be modified and the exhaust hangers relocated.
With the bed brackets relocated, we had a flat surface for mounting the new pan. The wiring that was once neatly wrapped inside the crossmember was lowered to avoid drilling into wires. We will need to use plug-in bullet connects on the license plate light to accommodate the new pan.Whenever possible, eliminate measuring by using a standard gauge, such as this piece of 1-inch aluminum flat stock. Pressing it up against the first row of louvers will ensure spacing is perfectly equal for all the hole centers.A square is used to scribe a line, and the location is center-punched before we drill the clearance holes. On the face of the panel, we used 1/4-20 button-head bolts, while the perimeter of the pan is held in place with 10-24 bolts. (In hindsight, we wish we'd used 10-24 bolts for all attachments.) We aligned the center of the holes with the bottom of the first louver to keep a clean, aligned look.We used a step drill to cut clean holes in the pan. Then, with the pan positioned, we used a transfer punch to locate the hole center on the rear crossmember before drilling a No. 7 hole and tapping it for the 1/4-20 stainless steel button-head bolts.Nutserts are really just threaded rivets, and several different-style tools are used for installation. Most common is a handheld rivet tool much like a pop-rivet gun. We found this one on Spruce Aircraft's website, and it works great. The simple design gets you into places you can't fit pliers, and we formed supertight Nutserts every time. But wait, there's more good news: It cost less than 20 bucks.Nutsert installation is as simple as holding it and the tool in position while tightening the draw bolt. The bolt simply draws two wedges together, expanding the Nutsert in the process. A drop of oil on the threads and the drawing surfaces helps things out.Here's the finished product: a flush-mounted, threaded insert that allows any panel to be removed and replaced multiple times without fear of stripping out holes (a common downfall of sheetmetal screws).We began our work in the middle of the panel and moved out to the edges. The threaded inserts are perfectly spaced, thanks to our rivet-spacing tool. Since the lower panel on the truck is rounded, we used a wood mallet to gently hammer a contour into the pan so it would fit tight, making the seam almost invisible from behind.Since the holes for the license plate had been drilled earlier, we took a 1/4-20 bolt and threaded it in from the backside. With a gentle tap of the wooden mallet, we precisely located the bolthole on the new panel. Once the license-plate light's holes were scribed from behind, an undersized hole saw cut the initial opening, and a half-round file made sure the holes in the panel and the crossmember aligned perfectly.
Behind the rear fenders on Ford trucks, a bit of chassis shows under the bed. We decided to fabricate small panels to fill those voids.Once again, Nutserts were used in the face to bolt this small panel to the louvered pan. Sure, it would have been just as easy to weld the panel to the pan, but we liked the mechanical look of the stainless button-head screws.The three button-head screws on the face of the pan provide symmetry and blend with the rest of the panel. The small aluminum triangle bracket will be inside the fender. These panels are designed to be removable from the front.With our new panel in place, the frame is completely hidden. This small panel fills the void between the lower inside of the fender, making for a subtle improvement that looks like a factory part.

subset: commoncrawl


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Twitter blew up on Sunday after a now-suspended user, @QueenDemetriax_, sent a Tweet to American Airlines claiming to be a terrorist from Afghanistan, promising to "do something really big" on June 1.
Shortly after the post, the airline responded, saying the user's IP address and information were being forwarded to the FBI. That sent the "Queen" into a fit of whining and begging, claiming at first that her account had been hacked, then stating it was the joke of a "14-year-old white girl" who lives "15 hours" from America.
The online meltdown was a whirlwind of tween-speak, full of OMGs and posts that lack any common sense or punctuation. Good luck, "Sarah," – you're gonna need it.
And here we just might have the winner of "Dumbest Person Alive." Congrats to @queendemitriax_ ! pic.twitter.com/mOflGTBHk1
— Diane Wathen (@ZanyStros) April 14, 2014
On Monday afternoon, several news outlets began reporting that the Dutch teen was taken into custody at her home in The Netherlands, and was being questioned.
Dutch girl (14) from Rotterdam arrested after American Airlines threat. Investigation continues. #Rotterdam #Police #Force @americanair
— Politie Rotterdam eo (@Politie_Rdam) April 14, 2014


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MOUNDSVILLE - West Virginia Secretary of State Natalie Tennant said her office will become involved with a Marshall County election error only if criminal wrongdoing is found to have occurred.
County Clerk Jan Pest was preparing for today's official canvass of votes when she discovered 2,912 early and absentee votes had not been added to election night totals. New results now show Republican Bob Miller Jr. defeating incumbent Commissioner Jason "Jake" Padlow, a Democrat, while initial returns showed Miller losing to Padlow.
Padlow has congratulated Miller on his apparent victory, but he also has raised questions about the integrity of the vote total and election workers' actions. He said workers changed the election results Saturday without county commissioners, the prosecutor or ballot commissioners present.
Article Photos
"I'm not going to say much yet about what they did," Tennant said Monday. "We have to let the process go through first. The Secretary of State's Office investigates when there is an irregularity with voting. We are aware, and we will be looking into it. We just need to make sure the process is followed."
She added that the issue, as it currently stands, is a civil matter to be handled at the county level. But a representative of her office will be present when Marshall County officials conduct the official canvass of last week's general election at 9:30 a.m. today.
Election night totals showed Padlow with 4,797 votes, winning over Miller with 4,736 by 61 votes. Updated totals now show 6,173 ballots cast for Miller and 6,093 for Padlow - an 80-vote difference in Miller's favor.
Pest said about 165 additional provisional ballots and 14 absentee ballots remain to be considered during the canvass.
Miller confirmed Monday that he had spoken with Padlow after the error was discovered.
"He was very gracious," Miller said of Padlow. "I was very pleased."
Miller added that he was pleased Pest had discovered the error prior to the canvass and said he hopes the commission's review of the process reveals that everything was done properly.
"I just appreciate all the support of the voters and all of the people I've been lucky enough to come into contact with during campaign," he said.
Tennant said it is not unusual for a representative from her office to attend a county canvass, and they also will be present in some other counties today. She added, though, that it was necessary to send a representative to Marshall County "because of what came to light."
"We're there because the prosecutor may have questions about the election - but we never tell the county commission what they need to do," Tennant said. "We can give assistance."
She said it is "part of the procedure" for Pest and other county clerks to review election results and prepare provisional ballots in the days after an election and before a canvass.
"I can't speak for what they were doing - but I know there is preparation before canvassing. ... " Tennant said. "We take everything seriously. We have to see what took place before I can say what might happen."
If Miller's victory is confirmed today, the three-man Marshall County Commission will consist of three Republicans - Miller, Brian Schambach and Don Mason.


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Homestand Highlights: September 2-4
The Royals return to Kauffman Stadium for a quick three-game weekend homestand against the Cleveland Indians, September 2-4. The series is packed with fan favorites such as Buck Night, Fireworks Friday and a Family FunDay Sunday.
In addition, fans can collect a Joakim Soria bobblehead and celebrate Hispanic Heritage with the annual Viva Los Royals celebration on Saturday.
Friday, September 2 – Cleveland Indians vs. Royals presented by Sprint, 7:10 p.m.
· Buck Night – Hot dogs, small Pepsi products and peanuts are just $1 each all night long. www.royals.com/fanvalue.
· Hy-Vee/Pepsi Fireworks Fridays – A spectacular fireworks show after every Friday home game.
· Bases Loaded 4-Pack for $80 – Get four Hy-Vee Infield tickets and $10 in loaded value per ticket. www.royals.com/basesloaded.
Saturday, September 3 – Cleveland Indians vs. Royals presented by Sprint, 6:10 p.m.
Viva Los Royals presented by Sprint – The annual pregame party celebrating Hispanic Heritage begins at 4:30 p.m. in the Outfield Experience. Fans can enjoy live music on the Outfield Experience stage by MRM and Kallejeros De La Cumbia. New for 2011, the Royals also host the Salsa Showdown inside Gate E from 4:30-6 p.m. Fans will be able to vote for their favorite salsa from participating Mexican restaurants including El Pueblito, El Patron, Jose Pepper's, Pardo's and Teocali. For more information or to purchase tickets, visit www.royals.com/viva. To reserve a group of 20 or more tickets, call (816) 504-4166.
· Joakim Soria Bobblehead – In conjunction with the Viva Los Royals celebration, the first 20,000 fans receive an exclusive bobblehead of Royals pitcher Joakim Soria presented by Mission Foods.
· 610 Saturday – Enjoy great activities, including a caricature artist, prior to the game in the Outfield Experience. For details, visit www.royals.com/610saturdays.
Sunday, September 4 – Cleveland Indians vs. Royals presented by Sprint, 1:10 p.m.
· Family FunDay Sunday – The September 4 festivities feature face painters, a balloon artist, live family-friendly entertainment from Rockin' Rob and an appearance from SpongeBob SquarePants. Fans can also enjoy the All-Day Play Pass for unlimited activities in the Outfield Experience for just $10. www.royals.com/sunday.
· Autograph Afternoon – Meet your favorite former Royals during Autograph Afternoon. The one-hour autograph session, featuring Dennis Leonard, John Mayberry and John Wathan, will take place at Gate A near the Royals Hall of Fame from noon to 1 p.m. Alumni appearances subject to change.
· Fun Run presented by Sprint – All fans can run the bases after the game (conditions permitting).
· Bases Loaded 4-Pack for $60 – Get four Hy-Vee Infield tickets and $10 in loaded value per ticket. www.royals.com/basesloaded.
Fans may purchase tickets online at royals.com, by calling 1-800-6ROYALS, at area Hy-Vee stores or at the Kauffman Stadium Box Office.


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[Special Academic Programs]
College of Arts and SciencesThe College of Arts and Sciences offers its students an array of enriching academic opportunities. Among these are the Clark Advising Program and other special activities for freshmen; the unique Blount Undergraduate Initiative; independent research and creative activities; study of critical languages; internships; international study; individualized degree programs; and a rich cultural life in music, theatre, dance, and creative writing. Many freshmen in the College of Arts and Sciences explore different disciplines before choosing their majors. Through the Clark Advising Program, part of the A&S Student Services Center, such students are offered individualized advising for premajor and preprofessional fields (premedical, predental, and prelaw, among others). More information is available on p. 63 and 108-112. The Blount Undergraduate Initiative, described on p. 63, provides the intensive, exciting, and challenging world of a small liberal-arts college within a major research university. While pursuing a variety of majors within the College, Blount students explore the intersections of knowledge through a specially designed freshman foundation course, integrative seminars in the sophomore and junior years, an individualized living-learning experience, and a special senior course. Blount scholars share a freshman-year residency in a living-learning center and, as upperclassmen, continue working with faculty in the program's academic houses. More information concerning the Blount Undergraduate Initiative is available through the Blount Undergraduate Initiative office and the A&S Student Services Center. Students are encouraged to become involved in independent research and creative activities, ranging from exploring the building blocks of the universe to choreographing dance programs. Interested students are encouraged to contact their academic advisers or faculty members in the areas in which they wish to do independent work. Students are also offered unique learning experiences through the College's Critical Languages Center, in which students may use traditional and nontraditional approaches to study languages rarely offered in American universities. These include Arabic, Hindi, Swahili, and Dutch. See p. 94 for more information. Several departments, including political science, English, and criminal justice, offer internships through which students can gain professional experience. Internship information is available in each department and in the A&S Student Services Center. Students are also encouraged to study overseas through University- and College-sponsored programs. See "Capstone International," p. 55, for more information. Students may apply to obtain limited financial support for international study by contacting the scholarship coordinator in the A&S Student Services Center. Through New College and student-designed programs, students may develop unique degree programs. Students work with faculty to plan individualized programs of study focused on issues that are best studied from different disciplinary perspectives. More information is available on p. 103 and 114, in the New College office, and in the A&S Student Services Center.
Culverhouse College of Commerce and Business AdministrationFaculty Scholars Program The Faculty Scholars Program matches 10 sophomore students in the Culverhouse College of Commerce and Business Administration with 10 faculty members in relationships in which the students assist the faculty members in research and teaching activities. The 10 students are known as faculty scholars, while the participating faculty members are called faculty mentors. Each faculty scholar is assigned to work with the faculty mentor for 10 hours per week. The work experience may be quite varied, depending upon the interests and backgrounds of the students and faculty members. The following are examples of activities that may be involved: assisting with research, developing computer programs, processing data, assisting in developing teaching materials, and assisting with committee work. Compensation for a faculty scholar is increased each year to reflect the faculty scholar's increasing ability and experience. The program is to provide highly qualified and motivated students with opportunities to interact with faculty members as apprentices. At the end of the sophomore year, each faculty scholar will come to know a faculty member better than most graduating seniors. Schola The Schola program allows the student to develop a relationship with a faculty member who can offer encouragement and support throughout the student's junior year. This relationship will help students who are making decisions regarding internships, employment, and graduate school. Participating students discuss career goals, personal interests, and future plans with faculty that share the same interests. The name Schola is derived from a Greek term meaning leisure given to learning, a learned conversation, or debate. C&BA students who have just been admitted to the College's upper division seek a place for learned conversation or instruction, which a select group of C&BA faculty may provide. C&BA faculty and students participating in the Schola program meet in informal settings to discuss the academic atmosphere of each student's career. Friedman Hall The Culverhouse College of Commerce and Business Administration and the Office of Residential Life collaborated to create the C&BA Living Option in Friedman Hall. The mission of the C&BA Living Option is to provide the residents with the opportunity for academic and personal development outside the classroom. Inherent to the success of this mission is the active participation by the Friedman Hall residents and C&BA faculty and staff members in the programs and activities scheduled throughout the year. Friedman Hall has two M.B.A. students to serve as program manager and facility manager, respectively. Resident assistants are upper-division students with a wide variety of C&BA majors to assist residents with questions about the College. The C&BA faculty-in-residence sets the tone for the program to connect in-class instruction with out-of-class experiences. Specialized academic advising, programming, and special events and activities are available to the C&BA Friedman Hall residents. The C&BA Living Option Hall Council serves as a liaison between the programming staff and resident assistants and students. This residential facility is a model for more academic influence in campus living. Dual Majors in Business and Foreign Language The modern business environment is truly global and the dual major provides students with training necessary to succeed in that environment. The dual-major student completes a degree and a major in management, marketing, economics, or finance, as well as a second major in French, Spanish, German, or Russian. The result is a superior skill set derived from cutting-edge business training and thorough study of a language and the culture associated with it. Such a program creates students who are technically proficient, culturally sensitive, and flexible enough to deal with the business challenges of the future.
College of Continuing StudiesThe Division of Distance Education offers several practicum opportunities for on-campus students. Dependable students are needed for positions as audiovisual student workers. Interested students can expect to learn to operate state-of-the-art technical studios, develop hands-on video equipment skills, supervise video classes, and gain exposure to new technology. Distance Education can schedule student work around class schedules. The requirement for this position is a maintained 2.5 GPA (minimum). Preference will be given to students who have taken TCF 150. For more information, please contact J. Cofield, with the Division of Distance Education, at (205) 348-9278, or come by 127 Martha Parham Hall West. You may also contact us by e-mail: email@example.com. Be sure to check out our Web site: bama.disted.ua.edu.
College of EngineeringThe College of Engineering offers its students many special academic opportunities, such as Cooperative Education (see p. 55), international studies, multicultural engineering programs, residence hall engineering floors, and career services. For descriptions of such programs, see "Special Services and Programs" in the College of Engineering section of this catalog, p. 194.
College of Human Environmental SciencesThe College of Human Environmental Sciences offers internships for students in every academic program. The internship is required for some academic programs and is taken as an elective in others. For more information, see internship descriptions in the course listings in this catalog, or check with the appropriate departmental office.
School of Social WorkThe School of Social Work provides an internship experience for all social work majors in a variety of health and social service agencies in Alabama. For more information, see "Field Education" in the School of Social Work section of this catalog, p. 239.


text:
Catalog in Adobe Acrobat PDF.
Acrobat Reader
Dental : Products
Hemostasis and Retraction? No Problem.
Traxodent Starter Pack
7 syringes and 15 tips
View Traxodent Clinical Videos
EC Representative: MDSS GmbH
* Schiffgraben 41 30175 Hannover, Germany
Optional Cord Technique
Traxodent eliminates the need for a second cord.
Anatomic formed cotton caps work synergistically with Traxodent to quicken and assist retraction and hemostasis.
Size 5 (60)
Size 3 (120)
Size 1 (120)
Assorted (30)
#5, (15) #1, (15) #3
EC Representative: MDSS GmbH
* Schiffgraben 41 30175 Hannover, Germany
Cure-Thru IntegraPost Intro Kit
Contains: 20 posts, (5) each #4, #4.5, #5, #6
and (4) corresponding drills
Cure-Thru IntegraPost Mini Intro Kit
Contains: 10 posts, (5) each #4, #5 and (2) corresponding drills
Refill (10 pack)
Size 4 (red)
Refill (10 pack)
Size 4.5 (purple)
Refill (10 pack)
Size 5 (blue)
Refill (10 pack)
Size 6 (green)
(3 pack)
Contains: One 5ml Automix Dual-Barrel Syringe,
10 Mix Tips
EC Representative: MDSS GmbH
* Schiffgraben 41 30175 Hannover, Germany.
EC Representative: MDSS
GmbH * Schiffgraben 41 30175 Hannover, Germany.
Advanced Formula, Dual-Cure CompCore™
Provides exceptional performance and the enhanced light-curing properties save considerable time. If light-curing is not an option – allow CompCore™ AF to self-cure in 4.5 minutes intraorally!
Improved natural appearance
The greater translucency of the enhanced CompCore AF presents a more natural tooth appearance which minimizes the chance of shadows under ceramic crowns- yet provides good contrast and excellent radiopacity.
Outstanding handling for ease of use
CompCore AF Stack will stay put – even in difficult maxillary core build-ups, yet flows under pressure for excellent adaptation. Preps like dentin without ditching.
Superior durability for peace of mind
CompCore AF composite core build-up material utilizes exclusive Hyperbranched Technology™1 and nano-fillers for superior mechanical properties and long term clinical success - available in automix SyringeMix™ and cartridge dispensers.
* A3 shade. White and blue shade to a depth of 6mm.
EC Representative: MDSS
GmbH * Schiffgraben 41 30175 Hannover, Germany.
Evaluation of Hyperbranched Polymers Effect on Dental
Composite Properties, Lizenboim,K.,
Dodiuk- Kenig,
H., Eppelbaum, I, Shenkar College for Engineering
and Design, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
2) Independent laboratory study from Creighton University,
data on file. Dent. Research (1153,2002)
Cartridge STACK:
Contains: 50g cartridge of
CompCore AF Dual-Cure, 4ml bottles of IntegraBond
and Auto-cure Activator,
Type 25 applicator gun, 25 mix tips, 25 intraoral
syringe tips, 10 ACCOR® matrices
Contains: 50g cartridge of CompCore AF Dual-Cure,25 mix tips, 25 intraoral syringe
tips, 10 ACCOR® matrices
Twist STACK:
Auto-Cure/Syringe Hand-Mix
Contains: 6g catalyst and base, mixing pads and 20 spatulas.
SyringeMix STACK:
Contains: two 9g automix syringes, 15 mix tips, 15 standard and 10
intraoral tips.
Outstanding Value
- Saves Money
Satisfaction Guaranteed!
Tub contains catalyst and base, mixing pads and spatulas.
EC Representative: MDSS
GmbH * Schiffgraben 41 30175 Hannover, Germany.
Safe and Secure
The IntegraPost features an innovative round
Flow-Thru-Head® to optimize composite core materials
and a parallel passive design that creates an adhesive
buffer zone. The IntegraPost system conserves tooth
structure and minimizes stress.1,2,3
Balances Strength
with Elasticity
Made from bio-compatible titanium alloy, the IntegraPost
is stronger than resin fiber yet more elastic than
stainless steel.4
Easy to Use
Six post sizes and corresponding drills make post
selection a simple process. IntegraPost heads are
optimally sized in relation to shank length. The unique
post carrier instrument facilitates handling making
it easy to carry and place. The passive design minimizes
stress points on the root, reducing the potential
for fracture. IntegraDrills are uniquely sized in
relation to post diameter permitting 2.5x more cement
into post space than similar passive post systems.
This creates an adhesive "buffer zone" to
absorb potentially stressful forces and increase retention.
Innovative Design
The mid-flange and shoulder are designed to dissipate
stress away from canal. The safe, non-threaded parallel
shank minimizes potential root fracture. Every IntegraPost
is pre-sandblasted for maximum adhesion. The micro-knurling
provides increased surface area to engage the cement
and resist rotational stresses.
1-4 Full bibliography available.
Using or "trying in" IntegraPost with multiple patients may cause cross contamination; take proper precautions.
EC Representative: MDSS
GmbH * Schiffgraben 41 30175 Hannover, Germany.
IntegraPost is easy to carry and place using the
IntegraPost carrier.
CompCore is syringed through the patented Flow-Thru-Head®
providing a void-less stress-free mechanical interlocking
of post and core.
IntegraPosts rounded head eliminates stress
points and the Flow-Thru-Head eliminates voids, ensuring
complete post and core integration.
Mini Intro Kit
Easy Technique
IntegraCem is a two-component (base/catalyst)
system that is simple to use. The low viscosity and
thin film thickness provide ideal handling. After
a 10-sec. light-cure, you can easily remove cement
flashing from seated Crowns, Bridges, Inlays and Onlays.
Illustrated cards guide you through all step-by-step
techniques, including PFM crown repair, cementation
of Maryland Bridges, Posts, Ortho Brackets and Bands.
Ideal for Bonded
IntegraCem has superior bond strength to all surfaces,
especially metal. Formulated to chemically bond to
fresh amalgam, IntegraCem will eliminate sensitivity
and permanently seal all restorative margins.
Optional Light-Curing
for Posts and Crowns
Posts can be immediately stabilized by light-curing;
IntegraCem's anaerobic accelerator guarantees complete
curing even at the bottom of the post preparation.
The anaerobic accelerator accelerates curing and promotes
more complete polymerization under crowns.
Removes calcifications and lubricates the canal to
permit more efficient instrumentation of the root
38% Phosphoric Acid
15-20 second etch time, each 0.2cc unit is sufficient
for etching two to four teeth.
Compress restorative material as you light-cure. Flexible to the exact contour of the tooth for dense restorations with excellent marginal integrity.
Each size available in boxes of 150
Blue color increases the contrast between the matrix and tooth offering better visual control. Thin, yet strong enough to pack against. No negative influence on light-curing process. 0.075mm
Unique integrated stopper secures the
matrix band between adjacent teeth.
Stop Strips take you from three-handed dentistry to two. You can light-cure Class III and IV restorations with ease.
Order through your dealer
For information on Premier's complete line of Dental Products
contact customer service either by calling 888-670-6100
or 610-239-6000, or by e-mail at firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
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text: Archives > Writers < Prior Page Page 2 of 10 Next Page > School daze By Marcia SegelsteinPosted Sept. 2, 2011Education | It's that time of year again, when angst-filled children nervously board buses and head back to school. But it's parents who have good reason to worry about… [http://www.worldmag.com/2011/09/school_daze] Helping Mom starve to death By Marcia SegelsteinPosted Aug. 26, 2011Life | Jane Gross, a retired reporter for The New York Times , has written a book about helping her mother die. And while euthanasia and assisted suicide are deeply… [http://www.worldmag.com/2011/08/helping_mom_starve_to_death] Fox News on the virtues of 'hooking up' By Marcia SegelsteinPosted Aug. 19, 2011Media | I am a fan of Fox News. I think Bret Baier's Special Report is the best evening news program on television. Fox News Sunday with Chris Wallace is also one of my… [http://www.worldmag.com/2011/08/fox_news_on_the_virtues_of_hooking_up] Atheists sue over World Trade Center cross By Marcia SegelsteinPosted July 29, 2011Religion | Shortly after the Sept. 11 attacks on the World Trade Center, construction worker Frank Silecchia discovered a 17-foot-tall cross, made up of intersecting… [http://www.worldmag.com/2011/07/atheists_sue_over_world_trade_center_cross] The bullying of Marcus Bachmann By Marcia SegelsteinPosted July 22, 2011Campaign 2012 | I wonder how people who identify themselves as gay feel about being stereotyped, mocked, made fun of, and bullied. Oh wait. I know. They've made it perfectly… [http://www.worldmag.com/2011/07/the_bullying_of_marcus_bachmann] Gay group goes after Bachmanns By Marcia SegelsteinPosted July 15, 2011Campaign 2012 | Gay rights activists have fired the opening salvo in what will undoubtedly be an ongoing assault on presidential candidate Michele Bachmann. Bachmann has been… [http://www.worldmag.com/2011/07/gay_group_goes_after_bachmanns] 'Infidelity keeps us together' By Marcia SegelsteinPosted July 8, 2011Marriage | Those were the words in bold, black type printed over a bright red heart on the cover of the most recent Sunday New York Times Magazine . Inside, the cover story… [http://www.worldmag.com/2011/07/infidelity_keeps_us_together] An overlooked Palin email By Marcia SegelsteinPosted June 24, 2011Family | Despite their best efforts, members of the media failed to find a smoking gun after poring over thousands of Sarah Palin's emails. In fact, the only email of… [http://www.worldmag.com/2011/06/an_overlooked_palin_email] Getting rid of coed dorms By Marcia SegelsteinPosted June 17, 2011Education | John Garvey, president of The Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., wrote an op-ed piece for The Wall Street Journal this week. In it, he announced… [http://www.worldmag.com/2011/06/getting_rid_of_coed_dorms] Outlawing circumcision By Marcia SegelsteinPosted June 10, 2011Religion | Come this November, it now looks likely that an initiative to ban the circumcision of male children will be on the ballot in San Francisco. If it passes, [http://www.worldmag.com/2011/06/outlawing_circumcision] Reaching out to gay youth By Marcia SegelsteinPosted June 3, 2011Issues | Dan Savage, syndicated sex columnist and gay activist, along with his partner, Terry Miller, have started a project called "It Gets Better." Here's the… [http://www.worldmag.com/2011/06/reaching_out_to_gay_youth] Raising a genderless baby By Marcia SegelsteinPosted May 27, 2011Family | Kathy Witterick and her husband, David Stocker, are the happy parents of a 4-month-old baby named Storm. But only they, their two older sons, one family… [http://www.worldmag.com/2011/05/raising_a_genderless_baby] < Prior Page Page 2 of 10 Next Page >


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David Jackson, USA TODAY
With re-election safety behind them, President Obama and aides are moving forward with new rules governing their landmark 2010 health care law.
"The Affordable Care Act is building a health insurance market that works for consumers," said HHS Secretary Kathleen Sebelius.
Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney and GOP congressional candidates had made repeal of the law a major part of their campaigns; the president defended the law he referred to as "Obamacare."
The administration described Tuesday's actions:
-- A proposed rule that, beginning in 2014, prohibits health insurance companies from discriminating against individuals because of a pre-existing or chronic condition. Under the rule, insurance companies would be allowed to vary premiums within limits, only based on age, tobacco use, family size, and geography. Health insurance companies would be prohibited from denying coverage to any American because of a pre-existing condition or from charging higher premiums to certain enrollees because of their current or past health problems, gender, occupation, and small employer size or industry. The rule would ensure that people for whom coverage would otherwise be unaffordable, and young adults, have access to a catastrophic coverage plan in the individual market.
-- A proposed rule outlining policies and standards for coverage of essential health benefits, while giving states more flexibility to implement the Affordable Care Act. Essential health benefits are a core set of benefits that would give consumers a consistent way to compare health plans in the individual and small group markets. A companion letter on the flexibility in implementing the essential health benefits in Medicaid was also sent to states.
-- A proposed rule implementing and expanding employment-based wellness programs to promote health and help control health care spending, while ensuring that individuals are protected from unfair underwriting practices that could otherwise reduce benefits based on health status.


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Joined IHG® Rewards Club at a Hotel?
Joining is easy and free
Earn points at over 4,700 hotels
Redeem points for free rooms and more
Contact your local IHG® Rewards Club Customer Care to source your PIN and to update your profile with your email address. When you receive your PIN you can also update your email address via www.ihg.com/updateemail.
Reward Nights
When redeeming points for a Reward Night, you may only book one room at a time.
Once you complete your Reward Night reservation you will be given the option to duplicate this reservation.
* Requires affiliation in the respective organization.
** Best Available Rate Search does not include affiliation rates.
To book more than 9 rooms for one stay or request a quote, please use our Easy Meetings tool, call 1-800-MEETING (in United States, Mexico and Canada) or contact a Global Sales Office.
Whether you're seeking fantastic urban fun or a convenient workplace, you'll find it at the award-winning Holiday Inn Express® Hotel & Suites Lincoln South. Situated just off Hwy-2, these all-king accommodations are only 15 miles from Lincoln Municipal Airport and nine miles from downtown.
The hotel is near the University of Nebraska, Lancaster Event Center and major local businesses, so if you're visiting for work, you can
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The hotel is near the University of Nebraska, Lancaster Event Center and major local businesses, so if you're visiting for work, you can easily attend corporate events. You can also work efficiently with free wired and wireless HSIA, and the reliable 24-hour Business Center helps you meet deadlines. If you need to host your own event, you have access to the convenient, on-site meeting space that accommodates up to 40 guests.
Thrilling attractions are plentiful in Lincoln, Nebraska. The hotel's location enables you to tour the impressive state capitol or browse the beautiful Southpointe Pavilions Mall. Also, because the hotel is near the University of Nebraska, you can wear your team's colors at a Cornhuskers home game before attending an amazing performance at the Lied Center for Performing Arts.
When you're not out exploring Lincoln, you can unwind in the heated, indoor pool or join your fellow guests for free snacks and alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages at the Manager's Reception, Mon-Thu evenings. If you're planning a trip to Lincoln, Nebraska, call the hotel's friendly staff to book now.


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Toss this fun toy against a wall, and watch as it slowly peels itself to the bottom. The Sticky Tentacle Fling is sold individually, and comes in an assortment of colors. This cool party favor is intended for children ages five and up.
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Sometimes a surgical procedure is needed to improve the health or vision in the eye. Our talented ophthalmologists perform cataract surgeries, trabeculectomies for glaucoma patients, vitrectomies and enucleations. Our physicians also perform glaucoma valve implants and scleral buckles for repair of retinal detachment.
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- Southeast Cancer Center
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- Medical Services
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- Pain Management Center
- Surgery
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- Careers
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NeurosurgeryThe NeuroSpine Center is a unique specialty clinic with highly trained physicians treating brain, spine and peripheral nerve conditions. A normal, active lifestyle can be regained with modern neurosurgery methods. Read More
Women's ServicesMany of our women's health services, including classes, women's imaging, lactation services and the Family Birth Center, are conveniently grouped in the Women's Center, a four-story building located on the SAMC campus. Read More
Southeast Cancer CenterA Commission on Cancer approved program, Southeast Cancer Center provides compassionate care for more than 800 newly diagnosed patients each year and cancer patients with ongoing treatment needs. Read More
Pain ManagementThe Southeast Pain Management Center is a state-of-the-art clinic staffed by physicians board certified in Anesthesiology and Pain Management. We partner with other physicians with an emphasis on wellness. Read More
Behavioral Health ServicesSAMC offers a comprehensive array of mental health services, supported by board certified, highly-qualified, private practice, and staff psychiatrists as well as nurses, social workers, psychologists and other clinical specialists. Read More
Heart & VascularSAMC has the strongest cardiac care program in the region, ranked in the top 10 percent nationally in patient safety in heart attack treatment and major cardiac, interventional coronary and vascular care. Read More
Orthopedic ServicesOur orthopedic program has a strong reputation of providing specialized orthopedic and rehabilitation services for patients of all ages. We offer a specialized program for older patients who suffer fractures from falls. Read More
Southeast Wound CareThe Wound Care Center offers state-of-the-art outpatient clinical wound care and hyperbaric medicine. We specialize in advanced wound care using a variety of treatments, therapies and support services. Read More
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SAMC is the only hospital in the region offering a lung screening program to diagnose cancer early. An early diagnosis can reduce the death rate by 20 percent.
RelayHealth is Southeast Alabama Medical Center's patient portal solution. Once registered patients are able to see their summary of care documents that includes information regarding their stay.


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Did you know LASIK…
- Takes less than 15 minutes
- Is safer than over-wearing contacts
- Costs less than lifetime of contacts
- Can be financed: 24 Month 0%
Laser Vision Correction: What to Expect
From Consultation to Recovery
Nearly one million people per year change their lives with LASIK. Our patients tell us that laser vision correction is one of the best things they have ever done, and their only regret is not doing it sooner. The entire procedure is fast and has little to no downtime.
Three of the great miracles in my life have been the birth of my daughter, the '69 Mets, and the vision that I have been given by Restore Vision Centers. I only wish that Restore Vision Centers would have happened first so that I would have seen the other two better.
We have experienced the amazing results first hand. At Restore Vision Centers, our surgeons and many of our staff have had refractive surgery. We know exactly how you are feeling; it is normal to be nervous.
Restore Vision Centers wants you to be comfortable with the entire process. Please look through the guidebook below.


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35 Months x
ex VAT
Whether you're buying a car for personal or business use, the FinanceAcar comparison tool helps you find the best prices and best value FORD deals on KA 3dr Hatchback 1.3 TDCi Metal [Start Stop] car financing. This unique system works by comparing and locating the best price from dealers and then merging it with the cheapest finance option from UK lenders and in so doing developing low monthly repayments and great value for our users. We always show the cheapest monthly finance price first which includes delivery to you from a FORD main dealer as well as a full manufacturer warranty.
FinanceAcar offers personal users a range of finance products including the most competitive prices for new FORD KA leases. Leasing a vehicle using PCH (personal contract hire) is often the least expensive option for financing a car (based on monthly price), but car leasing is not necessarily the best choice for every buyer. If you'd like to own the same vehicle for more than 2-3 years, consider a PCP or hire purchase deal. In our personal car finance options, you can see the positives and the negatives of leasing and other finance products, in the event that you wish to research further. As leasing is not for everyone, above you will also find the most affordable alternatives such as KA 3dr Hatchback 1.3 TDCi Metal [Start Stop] car loans, pcp and hire purchase prices on FinanceAcar.
By using the FinanceAcar comparison engine you can locate one of the most competitive FORD KA leasing deals in the United Kingdom. For leasing, we source all of our new KA 3dr Hatchback 1.3 TDCi Metal [Start Stop] lease offers from the best UK lenders, which means that the results listed above are amongst the cheapest leasing offers in the UK for your FORD. To find out more, just choose your preferred offer from the options above.
Our cheap personal contract hire (PCH) and 3dr Hatchback 1.3 TDCi Metal [Start Stop] PCP (personal contract purchase) deals shown above are perfect for the personal FORD car buyer.
If you are buying a vehicle for business use, a FORD KA 3dr Hatchback 1.3 TDCi Metal [Start Stop] contract hire deal may be your best option for cheap FORD financing because you are provided with tax breaks, no asset depreciation fees and a simple, flat monthly rental rate. Contract hire deals are also preferred by businesses that provide employees with KA 3dr Hatchback 1.3 TDCi Metal [Start Stop] company cars in exchange for salary sacrifices because of the attractive personal tax implications.
1. approximately 8 in every 10 new cars supplied by dealers are not bought with cash but are actually funded by a monthly payment using car finance?
2. comparing a car finance deal quoted to you by a dealer with other alternatives can save you thousands of pounds?
3. the four major types of car finance are car leasing (either PCH or business contract hire), PCP, hire purchase and a personal loan;
4. the most popular car finance product provided by UK dealers is PCP (UK Finance and Leasing Association) where you pay a monthly price for 2 to 5 years after which you have the option to buy the car?
5. you can use the web to choose a car, add your options, apply online for finance and have your car (with a 14 day cool off and full warranty) delivered to your door by a dealer?
You can learn more by reading about the pros and cons of personal car finance options or business car finance options or use our FAQs.


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Pamela Zarkowski
Pamela Zarkowski is currently Professor and Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs of the University of Detroit Mercy and is the former Executive Associate Dean at the University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry. She received her Bachelor of Science and Masters of Public Health degrees and Teaching Certificate in Community Dentistry from the University of Michigan and a Juris Doctor from the Wayne State University School of Law. An educator for more than 31 years, she has held various administrative roles at UDM including chairperson of three departments and associate dean. In addition to administration, she is involved teaching community dentistry and legal and ethical concepts to pre-doctoral, dental hygiene and graduate students. She has conducted continuing education courses and published in the areas of leadership and legal, and legal issues and for dental professionals. She is a former president of the American Dental Education Association and American Society for Dental Ethics. She is also the former Chairperson of the ADEA/Gies Foundation and past president for the Society of Executive Leadership for in Academic Medicine (SELAM). Additionally she is a faculty contributor to the annual ADEA Leadership Institute and Allied Leadership Institute and a senior consultant for the Academy for Academic Leadership.


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Hybrid View
27 Jul 2012 10:09 PM #1
GXT Multi Select Combo Box
Please can any one tell me, if there is a multi select combo box in EXT GWT 3. if not the any other alternate.
Thanks in advance
28 Jul 2012 7:31 AM #2
Hi Navdeep,
a combobox per se only allows single selection as it displays the selected item in the textfield like box, when not expanded. However, to render its data the combobox uses ListView which is capable of multiselect. So if you have the selection logic on the listview rather than the combobox I guess this could be emulated. How would you want to display the (multiple) selected values when the box is collapsed?


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Chicago, IL (Sports Network) - Boston Bruins forward Patrice Bergeron left
Saturday's Game 5 of the Stanley Cup Finals.
Near the midway point of the second period, he took a short shift and appeared
to be in discomfort. He stayed on the bench for the rest of the period, but
only took one more brief shift.
When the Bruins came out for the start of the third period, Bergeron wasn't on
the bench and the team later announced that he was taken to a local hospital
for observation.
No word on the nature or extent of the injury has been announced.
Bergeron has nine goals and six assists over 21 games in the playoffs.
The Sports Network


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Source: foxnews.com
Summertime is the season of beaches and all things wet and wild. Throw in a festival and you've got yourself a classic summer tradition. From kite flying to pirate invasions here are some of the most popular – and fun -- summer beach festivals around the U.S. this year.
8. Cooking on the beach
For 10 days in August and September, the Hawai'i Food and Wine Festival showcases not just locally-sourced food and wines produced by talented area chefs and winemakers, but also the destination itself. Oahu, Maui and The Big Island serve as the setting for the festival with two events right on spectacular Hawaiian beaches.
As the sun sets along Oahu's western shore, the It's a Food World After All event will host 16 celebrity chefs in the picturesque lagoon fronting Disney's Aulani and the JW Marriott Ihilani Resort & Spa. Over on Maui, guests can take a beachfront seat at the Hyatt Regency Maui Resort & Spa's open air Napili Gardens as master chefs prepare a six course menu, using Maui-grown products at the Kitchen Stadium Under a Maui Moon event on August 31. Buy Tickets »
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