text:
Republic of Lithuania
Area: 65,200 sq. km. (26,080 sq. mi.); about the size of West Virginia.
Cities: Capital--Vilnius (pop. 553,373); Kaunas (376,575); Klaipeda (192,498); Siauliai (133,528); Panevezys (119,417).
Terrain: Lithuania's fertile, central lowland plains are separated by hilly uplands created by glacial drift. A total of 758 rivers, many are navigable, and 2,833 lakes cover the landscape. The coastline is 90 km. (56 mi.) long. Land use--53% arable land, 30% forest and woodland, 4% water, 13% other.
Climate: With four distinct seasons, the climate is humid continental, with a moderating maritime influence from the Baltic Sea. January temperatures average -5oC (23oF); July, 17oC (63oF). Annual precipitation averages 62 centimeters (24.4 in.).
Nationality: Noun and adjective--Lithuanian(s).
Population: 3.476 million.
Growth rate: -2.5%. Birth rate--9.1/1,000. Death rate--11.6/1,000.
Ethnic groups: Lithuanian 83.5%, Poles 6.7%, Russians 6.3%, Belarusians 1.2%, Ukrainians 0.7% Jews 0.1% others 1.5%.
Religions: Catholic (70%), Orthodox (3%), Protestant (1%), Old Believers (0.8%), Jewish (0.1%).
Language: Lithuanian. A minority speaks Russian and Polish.
Education: Years compulsory--9. Literacy--99%.
Health: Infant mortality rate--7.8/1,000. Life expectancy--66 yrs. male, 77 yrs. female.
Work force (2002, second quarter): 1.73 million: Manufacturing industry 18.3%; agriculture 17.1%; wholesale and retail trade 15.5%; construction 6.3%; transport 6.3%; public administration and defense 5.1%.
Type: Parliamentary Democracy.
Constitution: On October 25, 1992 Lithuanians ratified a new constitution, which officially was signed on November 6 that year.
Branches: Executive--popularly elected president (chief of state); prime minister (head of government). Legislative--Seimas (Parliament-141 members, 4-year term). Judicial--Constitutional Court, Supreme Court, and Highest Administrative Court.
Administrative regions: 10 counties and 60 municipalities.
Principal political parties/coalitions: Social Democratic Party 47, New Union 26, Liberal Union 23, Liberal Democratic Party 9, Conservative Party 9, Peasant and New Democracy Party 7.
Suffrage: 18 years, universal.
General government budget (2002): $4.8 billion (exchange rate at the end of 2002--3.4 Lt=$1).
GDP (2002): $14.9 billion.
Annual 2002 GDP growth: 6.7%.
GDP per capita: $4,296.
Deflation (2002): 1%.
Unemployment (2002): 10.9%.
Major sectors of the economy: Manufacturing 19.4%, wholesale and retail trade 18%, transport and storage 9.2%.
Trade: Exports--$5.9 billion: mineral products 19.0%, textiles and textile articles 15.0%; agricultural and food products 10.8%; transport equipment 15.9%; machinery and mechanical appliances 9.9%; wood and paper products 6.7%. Major export partners--Great Britain 13.5%, Russia 12.1%, Germany 12.1%, Latvia 9.6%, Poland 3.6%. Imports--$8.3 billion: intermediate goods 55.9%, investment goods 18.6%, final consumption goods 17.5%, passenger cars 7.2%. Major partners--Russia 20.2%, Germany 19%, Poland 6.4%, Denmark 4%.
The largest and most populous of the Baltic states, Lithuania is a generally maritime country with 60 miles of sandy coastline, of which only 24 miles face the open Baltic Sea. Lithuania's major warm-water port of Klaipeda lies at the narrow mouth of Kursiu Gulf, a shallow lagoon extending south to Kaliningrad. The Nemunas River and some of its tributaries are used for internal shipping (In 2000, 89 inland ships carried 900,000 tons of cargo, which is less than 1% of the total goods traffic). Between 56.27 and 53.53 latitude and 20.56 and 26.50 longitude, Lithuania is glacially flat, except for morainic hills in the western uplands and eastern highlands no higher than 300 meters. The terrain is marked by numerous small lakes and swamps, and a mixed forest zone covers 30% of the country.
The growing season lasts 169 days in the east and 202 days in the west, with most farmland consisting of sandy- or clay-loam soils. Limestone, clay, sand, and gravel are Lithuania's primary natural resources, but the coastal shelf offers perhaps 10 million barrels' worth of oil deposits, and the southeast could provide high yields of iron ore and granite. According to some geographers, Lithuania's capital, Vilnius, lies at the geographical center of Europe.
The earliest evidence of inhabitants in present-day Lithuania dates back to 10,000 BC. Between 3,000-2,000 BC, the cord-ware culture people spread over a vast region of eastern Europe, between the Baltic Sea and the Vistula River in the west and the Moscow-Kursk line in the east. Merging with the indigenous population, they gave rise to the Balts, a distinct Indo-European ethnic group whose descendants are the present-day Lithuanian and Latvian nations and the now extinct Prussians. The name "Lietuva", or Lithuania, might be derived from the word "lietava," for a small river, or "lietus," meaning rain (or land of rain).
Lithuanians are neither Slavic nor Germanic, although the union with Poland and Germanic and Russian colonization and settlement left cultural and religious influences. This highly literate society places strong emphasis upon education, which is free and compulsory until age 16. Most Lithuanians and ethnic Poles belong to the Roman Catholic Church; Orthodoxy is the largest non-Catholic denomination.
Enduring several border changes, Soviet deportations, a massacre of its Jewish population, and German and Polish repatriations during and after WWII, Lithuania has maintained a fairly stable percentage of ethnic Lithuanians (from 79.3% in 1959 to 83.5% in 2002). Lithuania's citizenship law and constitution meet international and OSCE [Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe] standards, guaranteeing universal human and civil rights.
The Lithuanian language still retains the original sound system and morphological peculiarities of the prototypal Indo-European tongue and therefore is fascinating for linguistic study. Between 400-600 AD, the Lithuanian and Latvian languages split from the Eastern Baltic (Prussian) language group, which subsequently became extinct. The first known written Lithuanian text dates from a hymnal translation in 1545. Written with the Latin alphabet, Lithuanian has been the official language of Lithuania again since 1989. The Soviet era had imposed the official use of Russian, so most Lithuanians speak Russian as a second language while the resident Slavic populace generally speaks Russian or Polish as a first language.
The first written mention of Lithuania occurs in 1009 AD, although many centuries earlier the Roman historian Tacitus referred to the Lithuanians as excellent farmers. Spurred by the expansion into the Baltic lands of the Germanic monastic military orders (the Order of the Knights of the Sword and the Teutonic Order) Duke Mindaugas united the lands inhabited by the Lithuanians, the Samogitians, Yotvingians, and Couranians into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) in the 1230s-40s. In 1251 Mindaugas adopted Catholicism and was crowned King of Lithuania on July 6, 1253; a decade later, civil war erupted upon his assassination until a ruler named Vytenis defeated the Teutonic Knights and restored order.
From 1316 to 1341 Vytenis' brother and successor, Grand Duke Gediminas, expanded the empire as far as Kiev against the Tatars and Russians. He twice attempted to adopt Christianity in order to end the GDL's political and cultural isolation from western Europe. To that purpose, he invited knights, merchants, and artisans to settle in Lithuania and wrote letters to Pope John XXII and European cities maintaining that the Teutonic Order's purpose was to conquer lands rather than spread Christianity. Gediminas' dynasty ruled the GDL until 1572. In the 1300s through the early 1400s, the Lithuanian state expanded eastward. During the rule of Grand Duke Algirdas (1345-77), Lithuania almost doubled in size. The 1385 Kreva Union signed by the Grand Duke of Lithuania Jogaila (ruled in 1377-81 and 1382-92) and the Queen of Poland Jadwyga intensified Lithuania's economic and cultural development, orienting it toward the West.
Lithuania's independence under the union with Poland was restored by Grand Duke Vytautas. During his rule (1392-1430) the GDL turned into one of the largest states in Europe, encompassing present-day Belarus, most of Ukraine, and the Smolensk region of western Russia. Led by Jogaila and Vytautas, the united Polish-Lithuanian army defeated the Teutonic Order in the Battle of Tannenberg (Grunewald or Zalgiris) in 1410, terminating the medieval Germanic drive eastward.
The 16th century witnessed a number of wars against the growing Russian state over the Slavic lands ruled by the GDL. Coupled with the need for an ally in those wars, the wish of the middle and petty gentry to obtain more rights already granted to the Polish feudal lords drew Lithuania closer to Poland. The Union of Lublin in 1569 united Poland and Lithuania into a commonwealth in which the highest power belonged to the Sejm of the nobility and its elected King who also was the Grand Duke of Lithuania. Mid-16th century land reform strengthened serfdom and yet promoted the development of agriculture owing to the introduction of a regular three-field rotation system.
The 16th century saw a more rapid development of agriculture, growth of towns, spread of ideas of humanism and the Reformation, and book printing. The emergence of Vilnius University in 1579 and the Lithuanian Codes of Law (the Statutes of Lithuania) stimulated the development of culture both in Lithuania and in neighboring countries.
The Polish-Lithuanian Republic was weakened by the rising domination of the big magnates, and the 16th-18th-century wars against Russia and Sweden over Livonia, Ukraine, and Byelorussia. The end of the 18th century witnessed three divisions of the Commonwealth by Russia, Prussia, and Austria; in 1795 most of Lithuania became part of the Russian empire. Attempts to restore independence in the uprisings of 1794, 1830-31, and 1863 were suppressed and followed by a tightened police regime, increasing Russification, the closure of Vilnius University in 1832, and the 1864 ban on the printing of Lithuanian books in traditional Latin characters.
Because of his proclamation of liberation and self-rule, many Lithuanians gratefully volunteered for the French Army when Napoleon occupied Kaunas in 1812 during the fateful invasion of Russia. After the war, Russia imposed extra taxes on Catholic landowners and enserfed an increasing number of peasants. A market economy slowly developed with the abolition of serfdom in 1861. Lithuanian farmers grew stronger, and an increase in the number of intellectuals of peasant origin led to the growth of a Lithuanian national movement. In German-ruled East Prussia, also called Lithuania Minor, K�nigsberg or Kaliningrad, Lithuanian publications were printed in large numbers and then smuggled into Russian-ruled Lithuania. The most outstanding leaders of the national liberation movement were J. Basanavicius and V. Kudirka. The ban on the Lithuanian press finally was lifted in 1904.
During WW I, the German Army occupied Lithuania in 1915, and the occupation administration allowed a Lithuanian conference to convene in Vilnius in September 1917. The conference adopted a resolution demanding the restoration of an independent Lithuanian state and elected the Lithuanian Council, a standing body chaired by Antanas Smetona. On February 16, 1918, the council declared Lithuania's independence. The years 1919-20 witnessed Lithuania's War for Independence against three factions--the Red Army, which in 1919 controlled territory ruled by a Bolshevist government headed by V. Kapsukas; the Polish Army; and the Bermondt Army, composed of Russian and German troops under the command of the Germans. Lithuania failed to regain the Polish-occupied Vilnius region.
In the Moscow Treaty of July 12, 1920, Russia recognized Lithuanian independence and renounced all previous claims to it. The Seimas (parliament) of Lithuania adopted a constitution on August 1, 1922, declaring Lithuania a parliamentary republic, and in 1923 Lithuania annexed the Klaipeda region, the northern part of Lithuania Minor. By then, most countries had recognized Lithuanian independence. After a military coup on December 17, 1926, Nationalist Party leader Antanas Smetona became president and gradually introduced an authoritarian regime.
Lithuania's borders posed its major foreign policy problem. Poland's occupation (1920) and annexation (1922) of the Vilnius region strained bilateral relations, and in March 1939 Germany forced Lithuania to surrender the Klaipeda region. Radical land reform in 1922 considerably reduced the number of estates, promoted the growth of small and middle farms, and boosted agricultural production and exports, especially livestock. In particular, light industry and agriculture successfully adjusted to the new market situation and developed new structures.
The inter-war period gave birth to a comprehensive system of education with Lithuanian as the language of instruction and the development of the press, literature, music, arts, and theater. On August 23, 1939, the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact pulled Lithuania first into the German sphere of influence and then brought Lithuania under Soviet domination following the Soviet-German agreement of September 28, 1939. Soviet pressure and a complicated international situation forced Lithuania to sign an agreement with the U.S.S.R. on October 10, 1939, by which Lithuania was given back the city of Vilnius and the part of Vilnius region seized by the Red Army during the Soviet-Polish war. In return, some 20,000 Soviet soldiers were deployed in Lithuania.
On June 14, 1940, the Soviet Government issued an ultimatum to Lithuania, demanding the formation of a new Lithuanian government and permission to station additional Red Army troops. Lithuania succumbed to the Soviet demand, and 100,000 Soviet troops moved into the country the next day. Arriving in Kaunas, the Soviet Government's special envoy began implementing the plan for Lithuania's incorporation into the U.S.S.R. On June 17 the alleged people's government, headed by J. Paleckis, was formed. Rump parliamentary elections were held a month later, and Lithuania was proclaimed a Soviet Socialist Republic on August 3. Totalitarian rule was established, Sovietization of the economy and culture began, and Lithuanian state employees and public figures were arrested and exiled to Russia. During the mass deportation campaign of June 14-18, 1941, about 7,439 families (12,600 people) were deported to Siberia without investigation or trial; 3,600 people were imprisoned, and more than 1,000 massacred.
A Lithuanian revolt against the U.S.S.R. quickly followed the outbreak of the war against Germany in 1941. The rebels declared the restoration of Lithuania's independence and actively operated a provisional government, without German recognition, from June 24 to August 5. Lithuania became part of the German occupational administrative unit of Ostland. People were repressed and taken to forced labor camps in Germany. The Nazis and local collaborators deprived Lithuanian Jews of their civil rights and massacred about 200,000 of them. Together with Soviet partisans, supporters of independence put up a resistance movement to deflect Nazi recruitment of Lithuanians to the German Army.
The Red Army forced the Germans out of Lithuania in 1944 and reestablished control. Sovietization continued with the arrival of communist party leaders to create a local party administration. The mass deportation campaigns of 1941-52 exiled 29,923 families to Siberia and other remote parts of the Soviet Union. Official statistics state that more than 120,000 people were deported from Lithuania during this period, while some sources estimate the number of political prisoners and deportees at 300,000. In response to these events, an estimated several tens of thousands of resistance fighters participated in unsuccessful guerilla warfare against the Soviet regime from 1944-53. Soviet authorities encouraged immigration of other Soviet workers, especially Russians, as a way of integrating Lithuania into the Soviet Union and of fomenting industrial development.
Until mid-1988, all political, economic, and cultural life was controlled by the Lithuanian Communist Party (LCP). The political and economic crisis that began in the U.S.S.R. in the mid-1980s also affected Lithuania, and Lithuanians as well as other Balts offered active support to Gorbachev's program of social and political reforms. Under the leadership of intellectuals, the Lithuanian reform movement "Sajudis" was formed in mid-1988 and declared a program of democratic and national rights, winning nationwide popularity. Inspired by Sajudis, the Lithuanian Supreme Soviet passed constitutional amendments on the supremacy of Lithuanian laws over Soviet legislation, annulled the 1940 decisions on proclaiming Lithuania a part of the U.S.S.R., legalized a multi-party system, and adopted a number of other important decisions. A large number of LCP members also supported the ideas of Sajudis, and with Sajudis support, Algirdas Brazauskas was elected First Secretary of the Central Committee of the LCP in 1988. In December 1989, the Brazauskas-led LCP split from the CPSU and became an independent party, renaming itself in 1990 the Lithuanian Democratic Labor Party.
In 1990, Sajudis-backed candidates won the elections to the Lithuanian Supreme Soviet. On March 11, 1990, its chairman Vytautas Landsbergis proclaimed the restoration of Lithuanian independence, formed a new Cabinet of Ministers headed by Kazimiera Prunskiene, and adopted the Provisional Fundamental Law of the state and a number of by-laws. The U.S.S.R. demanded revocation of the act and began employing political and economic sanctions against Lithuania as well as demonstrating military force. On January 10, 1991, U.S.S.R. authorities seized the central publishing house and other premises in Vilnius and unsuccessfully attempted to overthrow the elected government by sponsoring a local "National Salvation Committee." Three days later the Soviets forcibly took over the TV tower, killing 14 civilians and injuring 700. During the national plebiscite in February more than 90% of those who took part in the voting (76% of all eligible voters) voted in favor of an independent, democratic Lithuania. Led by the tenacious Landsbergis, Lithuania's leadership continued to seek Western diplomatic recognition of its independence. Soviet military-security forces continued forced conscription, occasional seizure of buildings, attacking customs posts, and sometimes killing customs and police officials.
During the August 19 coup against Gorbachev, Soviet military troops took over several communications and other government facilities in Vilnius and other cities but returned to their barracks when the coup failed. The Lithuanian Government banned the Communist Party and ordered confiscation of its property.
Despite Lithuania's achievement of complete independence, sizable numbers of Russian forces remained on its territory. Withdrawal of those forces was one of Lithuania's top foreign policy priorities. Lithuania and Russia signed an agreement on September 8, 1992, calling for Russian troop withdrawals by August 31, 1993, which took place on time.
Lithuania is a multi-party, parliamentary democracy. President Rolandas Paksas, who took office in February 2003, is the head of state. The president is elected directly for 5 years, also is commander in chief overseeing foreign and security policy, and nominates the prime minister and his cabinet and a number of other top civil servants.
The parliament (Seimas) has 141 members that are elected for a 4-year term. About half of the members are elected in single constituencies (71), and the other half (70) are elected in the nationwide vote by party lists. A party must receive at least 5% of the national vote to be represented in the Seimas. The last parliamentary elections took place in October 2000.
Since 1991, Lithuanian voters have shifted from right to left and back again, swinging between the Conservatives, led by Vytautas Landsbergis (now headed by Andrius Kubilius), and the Labor (former communist) Party, led by former president Algirdas Brazauskas. This pattern was broken in the October 2000 elections when the Liberal Union and New Union parties won the most votes and were able to form a centrist ruling coalition with minor partners. Former President Adamkus played a key role in bringing the new centrist parties together. The leader of the center-left New Union (also known as the Social Liberal party), Arturas Paulauskas, became the Chairman of the Seimas. The then-government of liberal Rolandas Paksas got off to a rocky start and collapsed within 7 months. In July 2001, the center-left New Union Party forged an alliance with the left-wing Social Democratic Party and formed a new cabinet under former President Algirdas Brazauskas.
The cabinet of Algirdas Brazauskas is made up mostly of non-party technocrats and has emphasized the need for financial discipline. Lithuania officially became a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization on March 29, 2004 after depositing its instruments of treaty ratification in Washington, DC. The government remains focused on NATO and EU membership goals.
Principal Government Officials
President--Rolandas Paksas
Prime Minister--Algirdas Brazauskas
Foreign Affairs--Antanas Valionis
Defense--Linas Linkevicius
Interior--Virgilijus Bulovas
Justice--Vytautas Markevicius
Finance--Dalia Grybauskaite
Economics--Petras Cesna
Transportation--Zigmantas Balcytis
Agriculture--Jeronimas Kraujelis
Education and Science--Algirdas Monkevicius
Health--Juozas Olekas
Social Security and Labor--Vilija Blinkeviciute
Culture--Roma Zakaitiene
Environment--Arunas Kundrotas
Seimas Chairman--Arturas Paulauskas
Lithuania maintains an embassy in the United States at 2622 - 16th Street, Washington DC, 20009, tel: (202) 234-5860.
The Soviet era brought Lithuania intensive industrialization and economic integration into the U.S.S.R., although the level of technology and state concern for environmental, health, and labor issues lagged far behind Western standards. Urbanization increased from 39% in 1959 to 68% in 1989. From 1949-52 the Soviets abolished private ownership in agriculture, establishing collective and state farms. Production declined and did not reach pre-war levels until the early 1960s. The intensification of agricultural production through intense chemical use and mechanization eventually doubled production but created additional ecological problems. This changed after independence, when farm production dropped due to difficulties in restructuring the agricultural sector.
The transportation infrastructure inherited from the Soviet period is adequate and has been generally well maintained since independence. Lithuania has one ice-free seaport with ferry services to German, Swedish, and Danish ports. There are operating commercial airports with scheduled international services at Vilnius, Kaunas, and Klaipeda. The road system is good. Border facilities at checkpoints with Poland were significantly improved by using EU funds, but long waits are still a frequent phenomenon. Telecommunications have improved greatly since independence as a result of heavy investment. The Telecom company had a monopoly on the market until the end of 2002, but now there are a number of cell phone companies to provide competition.
The economy of independent Lithuania had a slow start, as the process of privatization and the development of new companies slowly moved the country from a command economy toward the free market. By 1998, the economy had survived the early years of uncertainty and several setbacks, including a banking crisis, and seemed poised for solid growth. However, the collapse of the Russian ruble in August 1998 shocked the economy into negative growth and forced the reorientation of trade from Russia toward the West. Since the Russia crisis, the focus of Lithuania's export markets has shifted from East to West. In 1997, exports to former Soviet states were 45% of total Lithuanian exports. Today, exports to the East are only 19% of the total, while exports to EU members and candidates are 71%. The government of 1999, which was led by Prime Minister Kubilius, managed to control raging budget deficits in the midst of the crisis, and all successor governments have maintained that fiscal discipline.
The last couple of years have been good for the Lithuanian economy. The 6.7% growth in GDP in 2002 went beyond even the most optimistic expectations, despite the slower developments in the neighboring markets after the September 11th terrorist attacks in New York and Washington, DC. The growth in Lithuania was mainly driven by private consumption and exports. The contribution of domestic market oriented sectors, especially construction, also was increasing. Growth was strongest in construction, financial intermediation, and processing and light industries. Inflation was low, the growth of the external account deficit stabilized, and the state finances improved noticeably with a fiscal deficit of 1.2% of GDP in 2002. In fact, GDP grew at 9.4% in the first quarter of 2003. Progress has been achieved in the areas of privatization and deregulation. Weaknesses remain in public policy development and structural and agricultural reforms.
The privatization of major state enterprises is expected to be completed in the next couple of years. Currently, 75% of the economy is in private hands. The share of employees in the private sector rose to about 70%. Recently, the Government of Lithuania completed banking sector privatization, with 89% of this sector controlled by foreign capital. The privatization of the national gas and power companies "Lietuvos Dujos" (Lithuanian Gas) and "Lietuvos Energija" (Lithuanian Energy) also is underway. However, the privatization of "Lithuanian Railways" has been postponed.
Inflationary pressures continue to be low. Annual deflation in 2002 stood at 1.0%. The deflation has been the result of sharp competition among retail trade chains and appreciation of the local currency against the U.S. dollar.
The minimum wage has not changed since June 1998 and stands at $107.50 per month, well below the poverty threshold. The average wage stands at $336.8 per month.
Exports to the United States make up 3.6% of all Lithuania's exports, and imports from the United States comprise 1.4% of total imports to Lithuania. Foreign direct investment in Lithuania reached $3.9 billion at the end of 2002, which represented an increase of 24% compared to the previous year.
As of the end of 2002, the United States was the fifth-largest investor (8.7%) in Lithuania, behind Denmark, Sweden, Estonia, and Germany. In 2002, the current account deficit stood at 4.8% of GDP. More than 100% of it was financed by foreign direct investment.
On February 2, 2002, the government repegged the Litas from the U.S. dollar to the Euro at the rate of 3.4528 Litas for 1 Euro. The repeg, which went on smoothly, reflects a change in trade orientation and is to help Lithuania prepare for European Monetary Union. With the appreciation of local currency against the U.S. dollar, production costs to enterprises have been decreasing, but the higher exchange rate is not favorable to exports.
Lithuania's defense system is based on the concept of "total and unconditional defense" mandated by Lithuania's national security strategy. The goal of Lithuania's defense policy is to prepare its society for general defense and to integrate Lithuania into Western security and defense structures. The defense ministry is responsible for combat forces, search/rescue, and intelligence operations. The core of the Lithuanian force structure is the "Iron Wolf" Rapid Reaction Brigade consisting of three mechanized and motorized battalions and appropriate combat support elements. An additional three battalions are located in the western military district. The National Volunteer Defense Forces (home guard) consist of one battalion-sized unit in each of Lithuania's 10 districts.
The 600-man navy uses patrol boats and former Russian corvettes for coastal surveillance; the 800-man air force operates 10 helicopters and 17 planes used mostly for reconnaissance and border patrol. A mandatory 1-year conscription and alternative service is available for conscientious objectors. Over the next decade Lithuania's military will undergo a transformation, cutting its active reserve to 5,000 and number of conscripts to 2000. With its security guaranteed through NATO, Lithuania is creating a military that focuses more on contributing to international operations, rather than territorial defense. Its military has participated in 11 international operations, including Afghanistan and Iraq.
The 5,400 border guards fall under the Interior Ministry's supervision and are responsible for border protection, passport and customs duties, and share responsibility with the navy for smuggling/drug trafficking interdiction. A special security department handles VIP protection and communications security.
Lithuania became a member of the United Nations on September 18, 1991, and is a signatory to a number of its organizations and other international agreements. It also is a member of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the North Atlantic Coordinating Council, and the Council of Europe. Lithuania gained membership in the World Trade Organization on May 31, 2001, and in November 2002 was invited to join NATO. Lithuania officially became a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization on March 29, 2004 after depositing its instruments of treaty ratification in Washington, DC. Lithuania also was invited to join the European Union on May 1, 2004, and in addition seeks membership in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and other Western organizations.
Lithuania maintains foreign diplomatic missions in 94 countries on six continents and consular posts in two countries that are not represented by an embassy. Lithuania's liberal "zero-option" citizenship law has substantially erased tensions with its neighbors. Its suspension of two strongly ethnic Polish district councils on charges of blocking reform or disloyalty during the August 1991 coup had cooled relations with Poland, but bilateral cooperation markedly increased with the holding of elections in those districts and the signing of a bilateral friendship treaty in 1994. Relations with Poland are now among the closest enjoyed by Lithuania. Although a similar bilateral friendship agreement was signed with Belarus in 1995, Lithuania has joined the United States and other European nations in urging the Government of Belarus to adopt democratic and economic reforms.
The United States established diplomatic relations with Lithuania on July 28, 1922. The Soviet invasion forced the closure of the Legation to Lithuania on September 5, 1940, but Lithuanian representation in the United States continued uninterrupted. The United States never recognized the forcible incorporation of Lithuania into the U.S.S.R. and views the present Government of Lithuania as a legal continuation of the interwar republic. Lithuania has enjoyed most-favored-nation treatment with the United States since December 1991. Since 1992, the United States has committed more than $100 million to Lithuania's economic and political transformation and to address humanitarian needs. The United States and Lithuania signed an agreement on bilateral trade and intellectual property protection in 1994--a bilateral investment treaty in 1997, and in 1998, the United States signed a "Charter of Partnership" with Lithuania and the other Baltic countries. Under this partnership, bilateral working groups focusing on improving regional security, defense, and economic issues were established.
Principal U.S. Officials
Ambassador--Stephen Mull
Deputy Chief of Mission--William Davnie
Political/Economic Officer--Nancy Cohen
Public Affairs Officer--Anthony Pahigian
Defense Attach�--LTC Larry Beisel (USA)
Management Officer--John Gieseke
Consular Officer--Ruta Elvikis
The U.S. Embassy in Lithuania is located at Akmenu 6, 2600 Vilnius [tel/fax: (370) 670-6083/4].
For the most current version of this Note, see Background Notes A-Z.
Short URL: http://m.state.gov/md31229.htm


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Letters: North County, Feb. 5, 2013
We owe a livable planet to our grandchildren
After a year like 2012 where, in spite of some extreme weather disasters, each costing over $1 billion in damages, a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration report documenting 2012 as the hottest ever on record for the U.S. and a total absence of the topic of climate change in the election cycle, it was indeed refreshing to hear President Obama make a commitment to finally deal with this.
Comprehensive legislation is unlikely, so Obama could and will use the tools at his disposal — regulating CO2 emissions via the Environmental Protection Agency and government incentives for clean energy and energy-efficiency improvements. Such moves would certainly reduce emissions and hasten the transition to renewable energy.
But there is also a more market-based solution our legislators should find easy to get behind that could mitigate the need for more regulations: a revenue-neutral carbon tax that puts a steadily rising fee on each ton of carbon emitted, while returning the money to households as offsets, or using the revenue to offset debt or some combination.
This respects free-market principles and is much simpler to monitor and administer than California's cap-and-trade scenario, which I consider "second best."
We owe a livable planet to our grandchildren. ...
Peg Mitchell
San Marcos
Gun control hypocrisy
The Department of Homeland Security has issued a request for a proposal for 7,000 NATO-style "personal defense weapons," which are really "assault weapons," as opposed to the semi-automatic rifles the administration refers to, like the AR-15 type rifle.
The RFP asks for 7,000 "select-fire firearms" because they are suitable for personal defense use in close quarters. These weapons can be both semi-automatic, like an AR-15, or fully automatic.
Civilians are prohibited from having fully automatic weapons. At the same time, they are pushing for a national weapons registry and for the banning of almost every type of rifle, shotgun and pistol made today.
If the administration desires fully automatic weapons for "use in close quarters," yet pushes for abolishing guns used by law-abiding people for hunting and personal protection, isn't that the height of hypocrisy, as well as a violation of our Second Amendment rights?
And, finally, why are we shipping F-16 jet fighters and top-of-the-line tanks to the Muslim Brotherhood in Eygpt, a group closely aligned with various terrorist organizations that are destroying democracy and people's rights around the world?
Richard Taylor
The president's war against citizens
For the first four years of President Obama's presidency, one million babies have died each year from abortion. If their policies kill babies, this is about 3,000 per day that die. Not even close to those killed every year with guns by deranged criminals.
What does this make our president, with four years and four million babies dead? Dead babies are more important than the economy and jobs. It shows where the president's priorities are.
Then there's Operation Fast and Furious and more dead. Then Benghazi, again, more dead.
This president is in a war against the America citizens. Where will it stop?
Buddie Gran
Troika's just desserts
I had to chuckle at Diane Fencl's letter ("SANDAG disses Oceanside," Jan. 27) about her frustration with the "dis" by the San Diego Association of Governments on appointments to significant committees for representatives of the city of Oceanside.
Even if she had not stated she was a newer resident, I would have known. She obviously is not aware that the right-wing troika of Jack Feller, Gary Felien and Jerry Kern (FFK) decided to upend the process of appointments to SANDAG.
Each city's mayor makes the appointments with concurrence of council. However, FFK decided they'd take power that away. Their bully-boy Kern lost big in the mayor's race by an embarrassing amount of votes; Mayor Wood soundly slapped Kern by winning 54 percent of the vote.

subset: commoncrawl


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Item # TXU0249
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Not all jerseys are created equal. If they were, they'd all say 2XU on the tag. This Australian titan has created a winter jersey for all of those who refuse to quit riding when the mercury drops. Of course, we're describing the new Thermo Long Sleeve Women's Jersey.
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2XU retained the heart of this fabric's philosophy through its trademark anatomical fit. The Thermo jersey was cut on a contour, meaning that it follows the anatomical position of the female body within the cycling position. Or, in other words, when you're going through the motions of cycling, the jersey will move with you, not against you. So, you won't experience any chafing or rubbing, and just as importantly, your body will keep covered. Furthering this, 2XU cut the neck rather a high and incorporated a full-length front zipper.
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Tech Specs
View more Women's Long Sleeve Road Bike Jerseys
Giordana FormaRed Carbon Jersey - Long-Sleeve - Women's
Size chart
|29.0 - 32.0in
(73.7 - 81.3cm)
(81.3 - 88.9cm)
(88.9 - 96.5cm)
(96.5 - 101.6cm)
(101.6 - 109.2cm)
- How to Measure:
- For best results, take measurements over your underwear.
- Chest:
- Measure under your arms, around the fullest part of your chest.


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|Federal offices in Chase County open, trying to catch up on work
|Written by Wauneta Breeze
|Thursday, 24 October 2013 18:34
By Carolyn Lee
The Imperial Republican
The 16-day duration of the federal government shutdown this month was the third-longest shutdown in U.S. history, after an 18-day one in 1978 and a 21-day one in 1995-96.
Even if it was the third-longest, it was long enough for producers and government agencies in Chase County.
There was a lot of work piled up at the NRCS (Natural Resource Conservation Service) and FSA (Farm Service Agency) at the USDA Service Center at 706 E. 5th St. in Imperial.
FSA Director Linda Fegler said the buildup "was substantial because it was our biggest payment cycle of the year."
The shutdown occurred from Oct. 1-16.
As of Oct. 1 the FSA was to have issued rental payments for the Conservation Resource Program (CRP), which allows producers to be paid for acres that are unfarmed.
"We couldn't give producers an idea of the date" that they would be paid, Fegler said, which "puts a burden on producers."
In addition, also due Oct. 1 was a direct annual payment for the DCP, or Direct Encounter Cyclical Payments, or set-aside program.
At the NRCS, Director Andy Keep said a lot of field work involving the planning of terraces and grass waterways was set back due to the shutdown. He said personnel are "trying to catch up the field work" now that they are back at work.
Keep said the first part of October is usually a good time to do that field work because "farmers want to get those practices going."
While the offices were closed employees had no option but to do other things, such as housework, or in Keep's case, "I tried not to spend a lot of money."
They were not able to work in the office even without pay. Fegler said "We were instructed to stay away from the office. As our records are all on the computer and the computers were shut down," no work was able to continue.
About 800,000 federal employees were indefinitely furloughed, and another 1.3 million were required to report to work without known payment dates.
Keep and Fegler said they understand they will receive back pay for the 16 days.
In Chase County, eight NRCS and four FSA employees were affected.
The shutdown was called after Congress failed to enact legislation appropriating funds for fiscal year 2014, or a continuing resolution for the interim authorization of appropriations for fiscal year 2014.
Regular government operations resumed Oct. 17 after an interim appropriations bill was signed into law.


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People are always saying the agency–client relationship is like a marriage, but really what it's like is an arranged marriage.
Consider: When I lived in New York, I had a close friend who had grown up in an orthodox Sephardic Jewish family. David would often say he was convinced that the arranged marriages of his parents' generation worked much better than all the dating, breaking up, and agonizing of modern, romantic relationships. Back then, the parents from both sides talked endlessly about possibly compatible couples. When they thought they had found one, they would introduce them. After a few chaperoned sessions of tea drinking, the young people were expected to commit to one another or to reject one another. And if they committed, they had to make it work.
Use recommendations and introductions from people you trust, by all means, but chances are that you will end up pulling a few names from some directory or from the purchasing department's roster of suitable agencies. Here you are then, meeting over coffee. Are you going to tell these strangers everything they need to know about your business, your priorities, your constraints, and your competitors? Are you going to mention the suspected weight-gain problem in the unpublished Phase III? The CEO's fondness for publicity stunts? The marketing director's predilection for releasing money in October that has to be spent by the 15th of December? What about your colleague who left after Italian authorities found out that he had bought a villa for the head of the patient association?
If you don't tell them the whole truth, expect lots of good but useless ideas to come back. You will have an agency that explains, very sensibly, that you don't need a media campaign or eye-catching events, that most patients in this category can be targeted efficiently through a joint electronic outreach with patient associations.
They will then spend a couple of hours setting out the details of their campaign, including a reward of a monthly box of chocolates for everyone who remains in the compliance program.
If you do tell them the whole truth, expect the rest of the market to know within a few months. Agencies take confidentiality agreements very seriously, but many agencies have 40 percent staff turnover each year, so the eager young account executive who pitched unsuccessfully for your business finds herself pitching to your main competitor in a few weeks time as part of her next job.
It would be almost irresistible to point out to them that they might have a major advantage if they focused on the dangers of weight gain. In the unlikely event that you discover how your competitors got a preview of the unpublished data, are you going to track her down and sue her?
Besides the problems with confidentiality, do you really have the time to sit and brief five teams on everything they need to know about your product and your market? It took you months to figure it out; do you think you're so dim that a team of strangers will be able to do it in a couple of hours?
Working it out
Like an arranged marriage, you'll get to meet the family before you commit to an agency contract. Unlike an arranged marriage, you may not find out who you're marrying until some time into the honeymoon.
This seems dishonest, but actually it is a result of what purchasing departments have done to agency economics. The rule of thumb is that each front-line agency employee has to earn 3.5 times their salary for a public relations or communications agency to make an overall profit of 10 to 15 percent. (For ad agencies, the sums are different but the rules are similar).
Whether you see it or not, every six-minute increment of the employees' days will be recorded on a time sheet somewhere. If you are not billed directly for the time, your retainer will be set and adjusted based on how much of each employee's time is allocated to you.


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Nice buck... Great splits. Was he rutting pretty good?
That is a huge mule and to bag him on public land!!! Awesome.
Congrats on a very nice mulie.
Very nice deer. Congrats!!
Way to go Vince..Thats a great buck! I'm sure you earned him. Congrats.
Great buck! I like how dark his rack is. Great job!
That looks like a great way to start your mule deer collection. Nice job!
Great start! You have set the bar pretty good for your first one.
Great buck NDH, looks like he has a nice looking cape to mount him!!!


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Master of Science in Criminal Justice
Become a leader in the pursuit of justice.
The field of criminal justice is dramatically different than it was just a few years ago. Change is ever-present and the challenges that result are more complex and far-reaching. The shifting nature of crime and pervasiveness of technology – coupled with increasingly interconnected world events – have created a growing demand for criminal justice professionals who have insights into the sociological, legal, theoretical and practical aspects of law enforcement.
Are you prepared to take the lead?
The Master of Science (MS) in Criminal Justice program at Bridgewater State University can provide you with the solid leadership and management skills required to excel in today's criminal justice arena. This advanced degree program can instill or expand the professional competencies necessary to play a vital role in criminal justice research, administration and practice.
Program Highlights
Taught by leading criminal justice faculty who have extensive experience as attorneys, law enforcement officers, corrections experts and investigators, the MS in Criminal Justice program prepares you for continued study or the pursuit of a variety of careers, including leadership roles within the judicial system, law enforcement agencies, legal firms, correctional facilities and the field of criminal justice education.
The MS in Criminal Justice program offers you:
- Diverse faculty with extensive experience in a variety of criminal justice settings
- Development of critical thinking skills, as well as oral and written communication capabilities
- Small classes facilitating a more personalized learning experience
- Professional leadership skills and development
- Affordable tuition, whether you live in state or out of state
The Curriculum
This 33-credit graduate program provides the knowledge and skills necessary to successfully compete in a variety of professional positions in the criminal justice system and closely related fields. Choose from two concentration options:
- Criminal Justice, Administration of Justice Concentration (Master of Science – MS)
- Criminal Justice, Crime and Corrections Concentration (Master of Science – MS)
Through a combination of required and elective courses, you will be exposed to all facets of the criminal justice field – criminology, social control, corrections, law enforcement, juvenile justice and the legal system. In addition, you will learn about policies, professional writing, research methods, criminal behavior analysis and principle application. The program includes in-depth coverage of the role of information technology in the criminal justice system, and examines major data sources and approaches to research and data analysis in criminal justice. In addition to providing a solid foundation in contemporary criminal justice, the program emphasizes the dynamics of diversity in the criminal justice system, and the relationships between the criminal justice system and society.
Core courses of this program include:
- Foundations of Scholarship
- Crime, Justice and Society
- Criminology
- Seminar Research Methods
- Analyzing Crime Data
- Ethics in Crime Policy
The Master of Science in Criminal Justice program is designed to provide both new and practicing criminal justice professionals with the values, knowledge and skills necessary to become creative, effective agents of change within the criminal justice system.
What can you do with a graduate degree in criminal justice from Bridgewater State University?
Criminal justice careers can encompass a variety of employment options for individuals with backgrounds in criminal justice, criminology, sociology, political science, psychology, social work and other liberal arts and human services disciplines. Employment possibilities within the traditional police, courts and corrections areas are being expanded with opportunities in the private business sector, as well.
YOUR FUTURE. Now.
You've thought about it. You believe you can do it. And you've explored your options. Now you're ready to advance your career – through the College of Graduate Studies at Bridgewater State University. Take the first step. Apply now. And get ready to transform your life!
Bridgewater State University College of Graduate Studies
Since 1937, the College of Graduate Studies at Bridgewater State University has offered an array of graduate degree, licensure and certificate programs to meet the needs of Southeastern Massachusetts and beyond. Led by scholars, researchers, teachers and practitioners from the graduate faculty, our offerings include a variety of nationally accredited master's degree programs in professional studies, education, arts and sciences and business. The College of Graduate Studies ensures high-quality, research-based, stimulating and intellectually challenging educational experiences to those who seek expertise and leadership in their professions and a commitment to lifelong learning and scholarship.
Bridgewater State University remains steadfast in its dual mission to educate citizens to be the best they can be and to use its intellectual, scientific and technological resources to advance the economic and cultural life of the region and beyond.


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What we consider
The University of Delaware seeks academically ambitious and creative applicants from a variety of cultural and ethnic backgrounds and geographic regions. Here is the profile of our current freshman class.
Grades and Course Selection
1. The Admissions Committee first considers the rigor of your high school course selection (enriched, honors, AP, IB, etc.) through senior year. The number of academic courses you have taken is also important.
2. More important to the Admissions Committee than a cumulative grade point average are the individual grades you have earned in core academic courses (English, math, science, social studies, history, foreign language) in grades 9 through 12 and your trend in grades.
3. Unless they are also taking college courses off campus, seniors need to complete at least four units during their senior year, but are strongly urged to complete at least five. Students taking fewer than five academic units generally face a very difficult transition to college.
High School Course Requirements and Recommendations
The University expects all applicants to have completed strong college preparatory course work at an accredited secondary school or certified home school program, including at least 18 credits of post-eighth-grade course work in the academic subjects noted on the following chart.
The following criteria represent the minimum requirements to be considered for admission. The academic profiles of most candidates exceed the minimum requirements.
Subject --
Years Required -- 4
Years Recommended -- 4
Subject --
Years Required -- 3
Years Recommended -- 4
Subject --
Years Required -- 3
(2 must include lab)
Years Recommended -- 4
(3 must include lab)
Subject --
History/Social Sciences
Years Required -- 4*
Years Recommended -- 4*
Subject --
Foreign Languages
Years Required -- 2† of same
Years Recommended -- 4 of same
Subject --
Academic Electives
Years Required -- 2 Units
Years Recommended -- 2
Total -- 18–22 units *
* at least two of the units must be history, and one of those must be world history. An additional year of math or science may be substituted for the 4th year of social science.
† Foreign language courses taken before the ninth grade do not count.
Please note that:
• Prospective majors in mathematics, engineering, business, computer science, and natural science should complete four years of mathematics, including trigonometry, pre-calculus, and/or calculus.
• Prospective majors in biology, chemistry, physics and all prospective majors in Engineering are expected to take at least one year each of biology, physics, and chemistry, and are strongly urged to take two years of a laboratory science.
• Prospective majors in nursing must have completed at least one year of both biology and chemistry, and are strongly urged to take two years of chemistry.
Essays, Extracurricular and Community Involvement, and Letters of Recommendation
1. Essays are an important part of our application review and are required for all applicants. Transcripts, activities, and even awards may look similar from one applicant to another, but the essay can be that one defining element that sets an applicant apart.
2. At least one letter of recommendation from an academic source is required for all applicants. Most submit more than one letter.
3. While extracurricular and community involvement and recommendations are important, they cannot make up for weak grades and/or standardized test scores.
Standardized Test Scores
1. For admission consideration, the SAT Reasoning Test and/or ACT (with Writing) must be submitted. Test scores without a writing component will not be accepted. Two SAT Subject Tests of the student's choosing are recommended, especially for Honors Program applicants.
2. We will combine the best individual scores from tests taken.
3. Weight given to the SAT or ACT depends on the strength of the student's high school performance. Excellent grades in a challenging curriculum may compensate for somewhat weaker scores.
4.The SAT code for Delaware is 5811 and the ACT code is 0634.
Personal Conduct
As it evaluates an application, the Admissions Committee always reserves the right to consider personal conduct and ethical behavior as a factor in its decision.
Intended Major
1. Applicants must select a first choice major and are encouraged to include an alternate major they are interested in as well.
2. The Admissions Committee will always consider applicants for their first choice major. However there are times applicants will be admitted to their alternate interest when appropriate.
3. Freshman applicants who are unsure about a major or want to explore our curricular offerings should apply to University Studies-Undeclared.
Fall Application Dates
January 15
May 1
Deposit Deadline for freshmen
Supplemental Deadlines for Special Programs
January 15
January 15
|Music Major: Request an Audition
Spring Application Dates
November 1
Spring 2016 Application Deadline
The University of Delaware is a member of the Common Application.
Fall Financial Aid Deadlines
January 1
FAFSA Filing (ASAP after January 1)
February 15
Recommended deadline for filing FAFSA
March 15
Final Filing date for FAFSA to improve chances of receiving need-based financial aid
Application for Undergraduate Admission
The University of Delaware exclusively accepts the Common Application. All applicants must submit the Common Application online. Please review all UD requirements here and apply via The Common Application website.
Freshman Applicants
Application to the University of Delaware is competitive. Each year we receive more than 26,000 applications for a freshman class of 3,800 students. The application deadline is January 15, although you are encouraged to submit your application early in your senior year.
Please be aware that an initial admission response is typically made 8 to 12 weeks after all application materials are received. Be sure to watch for an update stating that your application is now under review. In some cases, an initial response may be that additional time and/or materials are needed before a final decision is made.Review information and apply as a Freshman applicant
Transfer ApplicantsReview information and apply as a Transfer applicant
International ApplicantsReview information and apply as an International applicant
Additional Forms
Distance Learning Application
"Over 60" Application
(for Delaware residents only)
Readmission Application
Students who were previously enrolled in a degree program at the University of Delaware and wish to return to the University after an absence of 15 months or more, as well as those who have already earned a degree from the University of Delaware, should complete the Readmission Application


text:
May 31, 2016
A bill that passed the Mississippi House Wednesday is aimed at identifying and prosecuting those who impregnate underage girls.
House Bill 151 would require physicians or midwives to collect umbilical cord blood when a baby is born to a mother who's younger than 16 and the mother doesn't reveal the father's name.
House Judiciary B Committee Chairman Andy Gipson says a DNA test, using the cord blood, could determine who the father is. He says if the father is an adult, authorities could pursue statutory rape charges.
Gipson says Gov. Phil Bryant requested the bill and Attorney General Jim Hood supports it.
Opponents raised concerns about medical privacy.
The bill passed 99-18 and goes to the Senate.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


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Dallas, TX (Sports Network) - Geron Johnson tallied a game-high 19 points as
the Memphis Tigers defeated the SMU Mustangs, 60-52, in Conference USA play at
Moody Coliseum.
Johnson also added seven rebounds for the Tigers (19-3, 8-0 C-USA). Adonis
Thomas was one board shy of a double-double scoring 14 points, as Memphis
moved on to a 13-game winning streak.
For the Mustangs (12-12, 2-7), Jalen Jones recorded a double-double with 13
points and a game-high 15 rebounds. Nick Russell contributed a team-high 17
points. Ryan Manuel added 10 points and seven rebounds as SMU lost for the
fifth time in its last six games.
Memphis went 4-of-10 beyond the arc, while holding the hosts to a mere 1-of-7
shooting from long-range, en route to a 22-17 advantage at the break.
SMU continued to struggle from long range making 0-of-5 in the second half.
Memphis made 19-of-26 free-throws and 3-of-10 from long range for the eight-
point victory. The Tigers managed to hang on for the decision despite failing
to make a single field goal attempt during the final four minutes of
Memphis made 7-of-20 from long range and held SMU to a mere 1-of-12 beyond the
arc on the night. Memphis also outscored SMU in free throws, 25-13. The Tigers
are now the only remaining team in the C-USA without a loss in league play.
The Sports Network


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Directions Baytown, TX 77521
If you are looking for a
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drive a Ford by visiting Baytown Ford, located at 4110
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for an all new Ford Fiesta in
Baytown! To learn more about our new Ford lineup, simply contact Baytown Ford by phone or online form. Our sales team is standing by ready to answer any questions or concerns that you may have!
Baytown Ford is a new Ford dealership in the Houston area that focuses on establishing long term relationships with our customers. People come to Baytown Ford because they know what to expect from our new and used car dealership. We would like to have the opportunity to earn your business and invite you to experience the Baytown Ford difference for yourself.
Are you someone who wants to own a vehicle that stands out in a crowd? Whether you want a roof rack, bigger rims, decals, or any other add-on, the Baytown Ford parts store can help! Before you purchase a 2016 Ford car, truck, or SUV, make sure to ask about available Ford parts and accessories. Not only can we help you find the auto parts and accessories that fit your style, but our service center can assist with the installation! Learn more about customizing your new Ford by contacting Baytown Ford today.
* Ford Retail Customer Cash of $1,250 on Escape models & $1,500 on Fusion models already included in Dealer Discount Price
All prices plus tax, tag, title, and documentary fee.
A documentary fee is not an official fee. A documentary fee is not required by law, but may be charged to buyers for handling documents relating to the sale. A documentary fee may not exceed a reasonable amount agreed to by the parties. this notice is required by law.


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Refurbished Pvr's Or Others
Posted 02 February 2012 - 07:51 AM
The Toppy has an inbuilt ''sort of'' series record, but from what I gather, it isn't that reliable. Toppies also have a TAP available called TMS Autoschedule, which, while better than the inbuilt system, still relies on the networks broadcasting the ''right words''. It too, isn't true series recording as it relies on word recognition to function. I also don't think the 7160 can see another 7160.
The Tivo requires a permanent broadband connection, but the ''season pass'' function is free. However, the Tivo is Freeview compliant with all the limitations that brings and I'm pretty sure Tivos can't see each other either.
IceTV interactive provides much more than series recording. You can also set recordings for any of your Ice enabled PVRs remotely from any networked PC or smart phone.
Posted 02 February 2012 - 08:43 AM
The Tivo series record is very good (but you need to by a Tivo then). The Topfield series record is fair but I wouldn't rely on it completely. FWIW I tend to find it easier just to set weekly recurring timers and adjust those as needed - that way you know exactly what is set to be recorded.
On the 200Gb, that's not a huge drive (An hour of SD is about 3Gb). You can always offload shows to an external USB drive. You can also put in a bigger drive later if you want easily enough. Also you would be recording to that drive and the one downstairs (perhaps make the 200Gb the living room one - depends where you watch most of your TV)
Peter Gillespie
Posted 02 February 2012 - 09:17 AM
Tivos can stream content to each other when networked.
I'm pretty sure Tivos can't see each other either.
Peter Gillespie
Posted 02 February 2012 - 09:59 AM
I'm not sure what your final plans are, but if you decide to go with two Beyonwiz PVRs & if you ever plan for recordings to be viewed from both Beyonwiz PVRs at the same time with one of those recordings being streamed from one (the 'server') to the other (the 'client') via the LAN - keep in mind Peter's (prl) reply (below) to 'StanB' in your other topic 'PVR Dillema - So Many Choices':
prl wrote "... Also, streaming HD broadcasts from one BW to another may not work reliably unless the BW that's serving the stream is placed in a mode where it's not doing any other operations, including decoding live TV, by placing it in either the SETUP or FilePlayer menu. This problem may have reduced somewhat thanks to the reduction in bitrate of HD broadcasts since the introduction of the third digital service from each of the broadcasters (fourth in the case of the ABC). …"
Posted 02 February 2012 - 02:19 PM
Posted 02 February 2012 - 02:24 PM
Not on Beyonwiz, and I'm pretty sure Topfield is also fine in that regard.
With any of these pvrs will I still need to rename each file so that I know what it is. ...
Posted 02 February 2012 - 03:25 PM
Not on Beyonwiz, and I'm pretty sure Topfield is also fine in that regard.
Posted 02 February 2012 - 03:52 PM
As Paul says above, Toppies have a built in series record that matches the name of a program in the EPG. Works fairly well although is dependant on the EPG being accurate which it isn't 100% of the time.
Tivo Timeshift is 30 minutes - although uniquely IME it records the last two channels you were on for that 30 minutes.
The main Tivo limitation is you don't get ad skip (eg +30sec instantly). In its favour it has an excellent FF. It must be connected to the internet to have an EPG (it doesn't get the FTA EPG). Transfering files off the Tivo is only possible if you spend $100 more for the software that enables this.
Peter Gillespie
Posted 02 February 2012 - 05:46 PM
Posted 02 February 2012 - 06:22 PM
For the broadcast EIT EPG and the (Freeview EPG badged devices only) the MHEG5 Freeview EPG, all devices get the same data, so they'll all get the same synopsis. I don't think that there are any other metadata available in those EPGs than just the title, episode and synopsis (not certain about the Freeview EPG, though).
Are their any EPGS that have the synopsis of all programs. Like when I use my DSE program guide it doesn't give the full synopsis. (like who's on a particular show) :Like who does this best? e.g. TIVO, beywonwiz, ice tv? Also with a TIVO can you get the epg via wired over powerline adapters, like the BW?
The IceTV EPG database has some extra metadata beyond the synopisis, like director and main actors (and you can search for these on the IceTV server). On the Beyonwiz (which can't display that information separately), I think the IceTV server puts some of it into the synopsis.
No idea about the TiVO.
Posted 02 February 2012 - 09:40 PM
Posted 04 February 2012 - 12:37 PM
The TiVo has pretty quick FFWD (32x IIRC) and it has an automatic 'skip back' to account for the delay when you see the ads have finished and you press play.
The TIVO could be a goer. What has the quickest way of fast forwarding through the ads. Also does the TIVO have chaseplay? Also if I was to get a PVR whiat about if I was to get the Foxtel IQ? I what mean getting a twin tuner and all what about if I was to subsribe and then I am left with a pvr.
If you get an IQ, then you could either keep the other PVR as a backup to record more shows, use it in another room, or sell it here or eBay.
Posted 07 February 2012 - 07:49 PM
Posted 07 February 2012 - 09:19 PM
Beyonwizes will allow you to do this (even the single-tuner DP-H1, provided both the recording and the timeshifted service are from the same broadcaster). But if you're timeshifting and a second recording starts, then the timeshift buffer stops filling. You can still watch what's already in the timeshift buffer, though. The timeshift buffer ends up as being stored as a recording if this happens.
... Like on a toppy can you timeshift one channel and tape the other at the same time? Are their any twin tuner DVDR's that do this?
I'm pretty sure Topfields also allow timeshifting while recording (and may be less restrictive, like allowing timeshifting and 2 or more simultaneous recordings, provided all the services are on from more than two different broadcasters). I don't have any detailed knowledge of timeshifting on Topfields, though, so take with suitable quantities of salt
Edited by prl, 07 February 2012 - 09:20 PM.
Posted 08 February 2012 - 09:22 AM
Peter Gillespie
Posted 08 February 2012 - 02:37 PM
Posted 08 February 2012 - 02:45 PM
it is chaseplay.
Yes that is true. Would this be like chaseplay.
Posted 13 March 2012 - 11:14 AM
Just one question that wasn't clear in the manual. Can you rename the filename before you record. Or does it keep the filename like a toppy or tivo.
Posted 17 March 2012 - 07:52 AM
Guys I might just keep the sd dvd recorder with a pvr. I was thinking of getting something like this.
Just one question that wasn't clear in the manual. Can you rename the filename before you record. Or does it keep the filename like a toppy or tivo.
Consider the Astone MP-310DT for $119 at umart etc
Comes without a hard disk
Up to 2tb SATA hard drive..takes about 5 minutes to fit.....formats NTFS
Dual HD tuners
Plays any video/music file you throw at it.... mkv etc
Load your movies on to it via USB3 via your PC
Powered USB ...runs external laptop drives without external power
Bought one for my son to replace his Topfied.


text:
Topic: AdminPro and AD
Hello there !
I'm back to you, I've seen there's a new version of iRedMail.
Great work, again.
A small question, you've already answered, but with all versions passed, maybe it's not the same answer.
Is there a benefit to buy Pro version when iRedMail is used with ActiveDirectory authentication ?
Thanks in advance.
- Urgent issue? Pay iRedMail developer to solve it remotely at $39.


text:
BURKE, Va. (WUSA9) -- Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department officials say a laptop computer power cord sparked a fire at a Burke townhouse on Monday morning.
A dog was rescued from the fire at approximately 7 a.m. in the 5500 block of MacDuff Court, according to officials. The dog was removed from a bedroom, and paramedics treated it for burns and smoke inhalation until animal control officers arrived at the scene, say officials. The dog was then taken to a veterinarian.
Officials say the family, an adult and four children, escaped the fire after smoke alarms sounded in the house. The family has been displaced and Red Cross is providing family members with support, according to officials.
Firefighters were able to quickly put out the fire, and there were no other injuries, say officials.
The fire did leave behind an estimated $45,000 worth of damage, acording to officials.


text:
Call our certified SCUBA Instructors
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Scuba Gear packages are any combination of equipment designed to work in conjunction with each other or is necessary to complete a system. See more
It is not uncommon at all to purchase various pieces of scuba gear individually. The need or desire for a new regulator, mask or computer is an everyday occurrence. But for the first time buyer of the diver or snorkeler who is looking to purchase their gear for the first time of perhaps replace a set of gear, the scuba gear package is the sum total of the parts that make up a complete system.
Personal Gear Packages
Personal gear packages are the basics needed to get started in your scuba diving classes and sometimes the only items a diver will take on a vacation when space or baggage weight is critical. Typically made up of a pair of fins, a scuba mask and a snorkel for warm water and the addition of a pair of dive boots and a pair of gloves for cold water, these packages are what the diver needs to get started scuba diving.
Diving Systems
For many scuba divers Diving Systems is where scuba diving gets overwhelming. The equipment in a Diving System can be as simple or as technologically advanced as the diver wants or needs with jacket style and back inflation based systems for any type of diving. Women's dive systems offer scuba equipment designed to fit a woman's torso and give the utmost in comfort.
Camera Packages
With a Digital Camera you have the ability to see your pictures immediately after taking them. While capturing video with a Video Camera may require a little extra investment, capturing good-quality scenes is relatively easy. Our High End Digital Cameras include DSLR cameras and high end underwater housings. Camera Accessories like Memory Cards, Strobes and Batteries make sure you never get stuck without what you need
Snorkel Packages
By definition Snorkeling is swimming with fins, mask and snorkel with your face in the water and still being able to breathe. Snorkeling can be a relaxing and frequently less expensive alternative to scuba that allows the snorkeler to experience some of what the scuba diver sees while remaining comfortably on the surface. It is often how scuba divers are first introduced to the sport as they swim across the surface, seeing all colorful life and building inside the snorkeler the desire to experience and interact with what they see more closely. For other people snorkeling is the limits of their comfort level in the water and the highlight of their experience. They engage in their adventure with the same level of excitement and wonder that the scuba diver does when embarking on a much more expensive scuba diving trip.
Wetsuit Packages
Wetsuits are a scuba divers primary source of protection from the underwater environment. Used primarily for warmth the wetsuit also protects the diver from abrasions due to accidental contact with the reef or underwater objects, or from contact with marine life. The complete Wet Suit Package would include the wet suit in addition to a hood or beanie, boots, and gloves. See less


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Wednesday, 22 February 2012
14 comments:
- Toffeeapple said...
Isn't he amazing? I'd love to own one of his...
- 22 February 2012 at 19:08
- busybusybeejay said...
We are going next Monday.Am so looking forward to it.
- 22 February 2012 at 19:24
- Pomona said...
I too was quite blown away - and am going again in a couple of weeks! I think they have made more advance tickets available on the website - the queues last week were horrendous - perhaps because it was half term?
Pomona x
- 22 February 2012 at 19:39
- Miriam Weaver said...
We seem to be spoilt for choice of good exhibitions at the moment.
- 22 February 2012 at 20:05
- Twiglet said...
Its funny but his pictures make me want to try to replicate them in fabric and stitches. Something to do with the fact that he does them on his ipad I think.
- 22 February 2012 at 20:23
- Heather said...
Such a brave use of colour and so exciting. Those paintings make me want to interpret them in fabric and stitch.
- 22 February 2012 at 20:51
- Susan D said...
There's a Culture Show special next Monday BBC 2 at 7pm "David Hockney: The Art of Seeing" should be interesting. I got 4 free postcards from Radio Times a few weeks ago will probably be the nearest I get to seeing or owning one of his paintings.
- 22 February 2012 at 21:00
- deanna7trees said...
wow...also an amazing spiraling of those trees in the distance. thanks for sharing this.
- 22 February 2012 at 21:18
- island sweet said...
can't you see them as tapestries though?
- 22 February 2012 at 22:25
- sue niven said...
simply stunning, it really draws you in. thanks for the link.
- 22 February 2012 at 22:26
- Menopausalmusing said...
The man's a genius. Good to know the exhibition is living up to everyone's expectations.
- 23 February 2012 at 08:06
- Magic Cochin said...
Booked my ticket :-)
- 23 February 2012 at 12:51
- Anna said...
Great that you are going again, I'm going on March 27th, looking forward to it.
- 23 February 2012 at 20:30
- Iz said...
I feel the need for another trip to London...it's good to know that there are still tickets available, I'd thought I was way too late so thank you for that!
- 23 February 2012 at 22:20


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Save 50 calories and 7g of fat, including 4 g sat fat by preparing with PHILADELPHIA Neufchatel Cheese, and BREAKSTONE'S Reduced Fat or KNUDSEN Light Sour Cream.
For an extra-special touch, drizzle caramel ice cream topping over each piece of cheesecake just before serving.
Prepare the apple topping using any of the many varieties of cooking apples that are available, such as Jonathan, Granny Smith, Rome, Empire or Cortland.
* Nutrition information is estimated based on the ingredients and cooking instructions as described in each recipe and is intended to be used for informational purposes only. Please note that nutrition details may vary based on methods of preparation, origin and freshness of ingredients used.
I have made this for friends, family, special functions, work colleagues...you name it. EVERY single time, this recipe turns up a WINNER. I love the fact that you bake it in a 13x9 pan, which is unusual for a cheesecake. It always "stands out" on the dessert table, and never lasts long. A Kraft *******, in my recipe book!!
I did not change a thing, it cooked perfectly and is a very special recipe to our family during the holidays
I love making this cheesecake for Thanksgiving since everyone loves IT!


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May 22 2012
5 Tips for Preparing your House to Sell
If you are thinking about putting your house on the market, it is important that you go the extra mile when preparing your house to sell. Your extra efforts up front will increase the positive feedback you receive from potential buyers and hopefully grab the attention of the right buyer. Follow these tips when getting ready to sell your home:
- Cut the clutter. File/organize bills and important documents in a file cabinet where they are easy find, yet hidden from site. Recycle old newspapers and donate old magazines to a nursing home or doctor's office. Reduce collections and knick-knacks. While these items might be meaningful to you, they are often seen as clutter by a potential buyer. Display just a few sentimental items or a few pieces from your favorite collection and pack the rest. Also, limit the number of photos you display. Photos of the people who currently live in the home may turn off potential buyers as they formulate an opinion about the type of people who currently live in the home. Display just a few family photos and tuck the rest away until you move into your new home. Clear kitchen and bath counters. Open counters provide a more spacious appearance.
- Thoroughly clean the interior. Clean all surfaces including windows and mirrors. Dust and vacuum regularly. Be sure to make all the beds before you leave each day. Make sure there are no dirty dishes on the table or counter or in the sink. Pick up shoes and backpacks that may be lying in the foyer or mud room. Each time you leave your home, be sure to leave it spotless. You never know when the real estate agent will want to show your home to a potential buyer.
- Clean out the garage and basement. Many people use the garage and basement for storage, but the site of stacked boxes lining the walls of either space will make both seem small and cramped. Move boxes to the attic or rent a storage locker until your home sells.
- Update interior and exterior paint. A fresh coat of paint is a quick way to give your home a fresh look. Be sure to stick with neutral colors.
- Tidy up the exterior. Clean up your yard. Mow the grass regularly and dispose of grass clipping and leaves. Pull any weeds in the garden or flower bed. Add fresh mulch to your landscaping. Sweep the driveway, sidewalks, porches and decks regularly. You might even consider power washing decks and sidewalks. Also, clean your siding. Scrubbing with a diluted bleach solution is an easy way to clean siding.
Begin be following these tips and you'll be on your way to getting your house ready to sell. You might also check with your real estate agent for additional tips on preparing to sell your home.


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"No copyright law in the Universe is gonna stop me!" -Sonic from Sonic colors. I lolololol'd hard. XD
"More! let me hear the voice of your pokemon!" -N. and..."Burn Baby Burn!" -N (So god damn random...XD)
"Thought I'd try shooting my way out. Mix things up a little." Master Cheif.
Oh, and the Big "WHAT?" John gives Cortana in the ending cutscene of halo 4...the way he says it is just so...WHAT? 8(
"I don't live in absolutes, absolutes are my fantasy."
My eyes! (my eyes!) are filled with curiosity! You think! (You think!) that you have power over me! In this life! (This life!) Theres no room for you and me! So turn around and face the day with me!
Such a sexy song. Urgh.
-Zelda 2 NPC
I am a Christian, and not ashamed to admit it! Copy and paste this if you are too.
"The Funshine Sorest, It's on tire!"
Nichol- Mother 3
Most of the dialogue from Fallout: New Vegas - Old World Blues...
http://youtu.be/ibOkPx_Ej30 - Here's a conversation with a toaster. (warning some bad language included)
http://youtu.be/2TfZEwvTma0 - Here's a conversation with a neurotic robot. (warning some bad language included.)
http://youtu.be/ROOSD7A44nY - Here's a conversation with some floating brains in jars. (warning potential bad language included.)
I'm typically inactive between Spring and Fall. I'll be on as often as time allows.
I don't really know. I'll easily claim fandom of individual games, but as the Metroid series has shown me, claiming that one entire series is, always has been, and always will be better than everything else isn't really something I want to do. Clouds my judgement of quality and all that.
Still, thus far I'd say Metroid if you exclude Other M and Hunters. You also excluded Mega Man and Donkey Kong Country and, well, a metric shitton of other stuff that should be in there. I'd say a poll was a bad idea
inFORM Decisions - Document Automation Solutions - USA
"Actually, I go by Thanatos now. The extra H is for hamazing."
Image from Pokemon's Sun and Moon page. Meme by me.
"I'm here to kick some *** and chew some bubblegum, and I'm all out of gum..."
- Duke Nukem
"X-Men, Welcome to DIE!"
- Magneto
"All right, I've been thinking, when life gives you lemons, don't make lemonade! Make life take the lemons back! Get mad! I don't want your damn lemons! What am I supposed to do with these? Demand to see life's manager! Make life rue the day it thought it could give Cave Johnson lemons! Do you know who I am? I'm the man whose gonna burn your house down - with the lemons!"
- Cave Johnson
"A man chooses, a slave obeys."
- Andrew Ryan
"I've covered wars, you know."
- Frank West
"Give my regards to hell, you son of a *****!"
Lady Sylvanas. (Warcraft 3: The Frozen Throne)
I See Events of Long Ago, and Things Which Have Not Yet Come to Pass...
Feb 24, 2012: The day I beat the Elite Four, N and Ghetsis.
Final Pokemon Black Team:
Simipour - Lv. 83.
Serperior - Lv. 83.
Zebstrika - Lv. 84.
Unfezant - Lv. 85.
Dragonite - Lv. 100.
Mewtwo - Lv. 100.
Unova Dex: Seen 150/Caught 130.
National Dex: Seen 600/Caught 551.
I really love some Skyirm quotes;
"What is better; to be born good, or to overcome your evil nature through great effort?" -Paarthurnax
And just about everything Paarthurnax says.
"Funny how you can set aside your morals whenever it suits you."-Lord Harkon
"If by message, you mean shoving a sword through his gullet"" and "I still think you should take them all out like you did Deadking Torygg"-both of those are Galmar Stone-Fist.
I have claimed Alduin, the mighty dragon! He shall one day return to bring forth the end of time, and fulfill the prophecy of the world eater.
You forgot "I used to be an adventurer like you, but then I took an arrow in the knee."
Last edited by the3rdH0kage; 24th December 2012 at 4:37 AM.
I have claimed Alduin, the mighty dragon! He shall one day return to bring forth the end of time, and fulfill the prophecy of the world eater.
"......... ..... ...... ...............
... ....... ......................... ."
- Pokemon Trainer Red
Last edited by Darenix; 24th December 2012 at 1:32 PM.
"I am, ordering you... To SURRENDER THAT AI!"
"No, Sir."
Captain Del Rio
Halo 4
Guy : Eh too small to get a good look eh?
Girl : What's too small!?
Guy (without missing a beat) : Your rack.
Can't remember what game or why they were I just saw it in a video once...
I'm back I guess.
"ZINGA-DINGDING" - Thunder Dragon from The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword
Besides, Most of my favorite lines from video games come from none other than Issun from Okami. Though probably one of my favorites of his lines was during his first encounter with Rao where he was lusting about "Melons".
If and only if after an Awakening
Louis from L4D and L4D2: Grabbing pills.
From Destroy All Humans!:
Farmer's Wife: AAAAHH!! Little green space men!
Cryptosporidum: I...am not...green.
Goverment Agent: You think I'm scared of you?
Crypto: I think you should be.
Also, from Rage; it's not a quote but an in-game description:
Fists: balled up hands attached to the end of arms. Useful for bludgeoning things
Last edited by PsychicPsycho; 27th December 2012 at 9:02 AM.
I'm looking for a Serperior named Serpedera. It'll be at lvl 98 or above. If you happen to have such a pokemon please PM me.
Pretendeavors (Goals I have that don't really mean anything) Updated 10-04-13
Voltorb Flip, Level 8 Victories: 16
White Geonet: All countries completed!!! (130), 505 Trade Locations (of 513)
The Last Ten: Locations
Arunachel Pradesh, India * Dadra & Nager Hall, India *
Formosa, Argentina()
Henan, China * Himachal Pradesh, India * Lakshadweep, India
Lubusz, Poland * Madhya Pradesh, India *
Shaanxi, China() * Sikkim, India
Pokeathlon Pokedex: 493/493- COMPLETED!!! (01-05-13)
The Cortana monologue at the beginning of Halo 3 campaign.
"They let me pick, did I ever tell you that? Choose whichever Spartan I wanted. You know me. I did my research. Watched as you became the soldier we needed you to be. Like the others, you were strong and swift and brave. A natural leader. But you had something they didn't. Something no one saw... but me. Can you guess? Luck. Was I wrong?" - Cortana's voice in the beginning of Arrival.
Avery Johnson-Halo: Combat Evolved "I would have been your daddy, but the dog beat me over the fence!".
When you have the IWHBYD skull activated in Halo 3.
When you kill a Brute, if there is another close to it that Brute might say "He was my Lover".
I'd put the rest but I'm to lazy.
Bastion -
"The scent of barley and spoiled blueberries fills the air.
"Because that's what doggies do!" - Missile (Ghost Trick)
""While I do not enjoy fighting, I find the idea of a puzzle battle to be quite alluring. Or, to use a colloquialism: please bring it." - Hershel Layton (Professor Layton and the Miracle Mask)
"Are you sure? This skill level isn't remotely fair."
-prompt after selecting Nightmare difficulty in early versions of Doom.
You had to confirm that, yes, you were sure, before you could continue. Yikes.
I'm looking for a Serperior named Serpedera. It'll be at lvl 98 or above. If you happen to have such a pokemon please PM me.
Pretendeavors (Goals I have that don't really mean anything) Updated 10-04-13
Voltorb Flip, Level 8 Victories: 16
White Geonet: All countries completed!!! (130), 505 Trade Locations (of 513)
The Last Ten: Locations
Arunachel Pradesh, India * Dadra & Nager Hall, India *
Formosa, Argentina()
Henan, China * Himachal Pradesh, India * Lakshadweep, India
Lubusz, Poland * Madhya Pradesh, India *
Shaanxi, China() * Sikkim, India
Pokeathlon Pokedex: 493/493- COMPLETED!!! (01-05-13)
Everything GlaDos and Cave Johnson says.
"I see you go the angry look down." and "Why do you always have to stare at me like I just drowned your goldfish?"-Xigbar(Kingdom hearts DDD and 358/2 days)
"I'm afraid the mouse is SMACK- dab in the middle of enemy territory" -Kefka (FF dissidia)
Gilgamesh, just Gilgamesh.
RUN, RUN AWAY- Demyx, kh2
Dammit, I've been practically dead. Too busy fighting demons and shadows.......* points evoker at head*....... back to work...* fires*
I am a Christian and proud of it! Copy and paste this if you are too.


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Otter Tail County Historical Society
Museum, Research Library and Educational Resource
The Otter Tail County Historical Society is located Fergus Falls, Minnesota in the heart of west central Minnesota. We are the official county historical society and collect the history of the entire county.
Who We Are
The Otter Tail County Historical Society is a private, nonprofit organization whose purpose is the collection, preservation and interpretation of Otter Tail County's history and heritage. This is achieved through a variety of services including the Society's exhibit gallery, educational outreach program, special public programs, archival and object collections, and a genealogical and local history research library. The development of these services has made the Society an active partner in the educational and cultural life of Otter Tail County.
Our History
Otter Tail County Historical Society was organized on July 31, 1927, at a gathering at Amor Park. For decades the Society was headquartered in the basement of the county courthouse. In 1972, Underwood native, John Gronner, lead a county-wide capital fund drive which resulted in a new museum. Ten years later another drive provided funds to add an agriculture wing.
Many volunteer hours have gone into making the Society what it is today. Local artist, Charles Beck, designed and implemented the installation of many exhibits that continue to tell the history of Otter Tail County.
Our library has grown because of the generous donations of time and funds. A financial contribution made in honor of Samuel P. Adams continues to sustain the library and archives. Volunteer hours donated by many volunteers including Ann Smalley Jordan, for whom the archives was named on May 22, 2004, have and continue to increase our holdings.
Our educational programs started in 1979 when educator, Judy Stringer, put together our first education kit.
In 2002 we celebrated our 75th Anniversary with the completion of a site improvement project which almost doubled our parking lot, made a bus drop-off and handicap accessible ramp. It also provided better drainage away from the building.
We are currently trying to raise $100,000 for our Technology Fund. This fund will provide a regular source of revenue for computer upgrades and improvements. Please consider making a donation to this fund.
The Establishing of Otter Tail County
Otter Tail County was first mentioned in the history of Minnesota in an act of the state Legislature passed on March 18, 1858. The legislative act formally organizing the county was passed March 16, 1868. The governor of the stae appointed Marcus Shaw and Chancey Whiting as the first county commissioners. They met at the house of Marcus Shaw in Clitherall on September 12, 1868 and proceeded to organize the county. From this date through 1873 the county was getting its county seat and territorial limits established. The name was derived from the Otter Tail Lake and River. The lake, from which the river was named, derived from the narrow sandbar which the Ojibwe said gave the impression of the tail of an otter.
Our Staff:
Chris Schuelke, Executive Director Contact Chris with questions about the operations of the Historical Society.
Kathy Evavold, Curator of Collections Contact Kathy with questions about the Society's collections, artifact donations, exhibits, library or website.
Missy Hermes, Education Coordinator Address questions about our educational programs, tours and outreach to Missy Hermes.
LeAnn Neuleib, Office Manager LeAnn will help you with questions about our gift shop, newsletter and membership.
Vicky Anderson, Research Assistant Address questions about research and genealogy to Vicky.
Questions about this web site? Contact our Webmaster.


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Guess it's time to start a new month!
Med - I'm glad you got more good news at your last appointment! What a relief!
Thanks again for everyone's advice about the low-lying placenta. The midwife did not say "placenta previa" so I'm imagining that it's not as bad as it could be. If it was that low, they would have put it in the report, right? When we go for the next ultrasound in 2 months, I'm going to ask the tech to point it out to me.
DH's grandmother said so many mean(ish) things to me at Christmas. She asked again if I was sure I wasn't having twins, told me that the baby is going to be huge, commenting on my face filling out. I've only gained 13 lbs and it's mostly belly and a little in my legs, so I really don't know where she's getting that from. She just says hurtful things sometimes. She was also saying a lot about DH's sister and that she's checking for a bump. This woman is getting her 15th and 16th great-grandbabies in 2013 so I don't know what she's complaining about. It's not like there's a baby shortage in this family!
DH and I registered at Buy Buy Baby on Tuesday. It took us 4 hours! The manager said she snooped on our registry and couldn't guess the baby's gender, so that's a plus! I know DH's sister is going to comb over everything for the slightest hint of pink or blue.
CLC (if you see this) - how does your DS like his Mamaroo? I am thinking about picking one up from Craigslist, but I wanted to see if you (or anyone else??) like it?


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Major Changes in IUCN
10 March 2008 | News story
New Name .. New Logo… New Website!
We're simplifying our name; we are just IUCN. If you need to explain, it stands for the International Union for Conservation of Nature. We've confused many people for many years with our two names: IUCN or the World Conservation Union.
This year we turn 60. We're still full of energy, intellect and passion about the environment, but what better way to look forward to the next 60 years than with a new face. So from today we also have a new simpler logo. March 10th saw our new logo launched in IUCN Head Quarters in Gland. IUCN President Valli Moosa, Vice President Javed Jabbar and Director General Julia Marton-Lefèvre raised the new UICN flag outside the main HQ building. The new logo, the fourth in IUCN's history, presents a clearer name and look for the
However, we will continue working on the world's most complex environment and development issues. Our scientists and experts will continue to define conservation standards for the world. And we'll continue working from the village to the presidential palace to the UN General Assembly to build bridges and find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing sustainable development challenges.
The IUCN website has a new look now as well. It has a new structure and runs on a completely new content management platform. The new system will help us to better communicate with external audiences by making information sharing easier and by having a consistent look and feel. Watch for new functionality and ways of better engaging members, Commissions and partners over the coming year. Over 100 IUCN staff members around the world worked hard to migrate to the new system: to all a huge thanks, merci, and gracias!


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Employer Name:
Frito Lay Canada
Contact Name:
Kathy Swar
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Summer Student Job
Frito Lay Canada is your SUMMER employer if youre hungry for:
Pay to help fund your tuition
(our students earned on average $14,000 last year over 4 months)
Experience to build and refine critical skills
(our students manage a business of approximately $8000/wk)
Opportunity for future career growth(get exposure to PepsiCo careers and development programs)
Frito Lay Canada is a world leading snack Food Company and we are looking for energetic, independent and motivated individuals to join our team as Summer Students in the Route Sales Representative position in one of our many locations across Western Canada including various locations in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and North Western Ontario.
The Sales Rep Challenge
Have you ever wondered what it would be like to run your own business? At Frito Lay Canada, you will have the opportunity to learn what it takes to develop and sustain a growing snack food business and stretch your current skills by selling, delivering and marketing our products to a set group of retailers like 7-11 or Shoppers Drug Mart. As a Route Sales Representative you will be responsible for:
Delivering sales targets
Inventory and cash management
Merchandising and product display
Product management
Execution of advertising/channel management
Point of sale strategy
So if you have
Great customer service skills
A desire to be outside and physically active
Interest in working on your own with minimal supervision
A competitive streak and the drive to be the best
Essential Skills
- Continuous learning
- Computer use
- Job task planning and organizing
- Critical thinking
- Decision making
- Problem solving
- Working with others
- Oral communication
Credentials (certificates, licences, memberships, courses, etc.)
- Not applicable
- Not required
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