text:
Las Vegas, NV (Sports Network) - Johnny Dee knocked down four free throws in
the final 13 seconds to give San Diego just enough breathing room and capture
a 72-69 win over the BYU Cougars in the quarterfinals of the West Coast
Conference Tournament at Orleans Arena.
Dee finished with a game-high 25 points for sixth-seeded San Diego (16-17),
converting 8-of-11 at the free-throw line overall. Also scoring in double
figures for the Toreros were Chris Anderson and Ken Rancifer with 16 and 15
points, respectively. Chris Manresa collected a game-high 10 rebounds as well.
The third-seeded Cougars (21-11) were paced by Brandon Davies and Tyler Haws
with 20 points apiece, the former coming close to recording a rare triple-
double as he also pulled down nine rebounds and handed out eight assists in
the setback. Matt Carlino tacked on 13 points and seven boards.
Shooting just 38.2 percent from the floor in the first half, San Diego still
managed to move out to a 31-20 advantage with four minutes to play before the
break. The Cougars made only one of their six chances beyond the arc in the
frame, but still battled back to trail by just seven points at intermission,
Coming out in the second half BYU put together a run of its own in order to
grab a brief two-point edge at 40-38. San Diego appeared to have the game
wrapped up when Dee connected on a pair of free throws with 12.3 seconds left
to give the Toreros a 70-66 advantage.
Refusing to go away quietly, Carlino came down and nailed a 3-pointer with 6.9
seconds to play to cut the deficit to just a single point. However, Dee
knocked down another pair at the charity stripe moments later, while a
desperation 3-pointer by Carlino missed the mark at the buzzer.
The Toreros will be back in action on Saturday night to take on second-seeded
Saint Mary's-CA in the semifinals.
The Sports Network


text:
Student Resources
Course Materials
From time to time, professors may post materials for individual classes (syllabus, handouts, etc.) at: http://www.law.msu.edu/llm/dubai/class/. Registered students may access these materials with the username and password provided to them when they enroll.
Logistical Details - Campus Location
Michigan State University has an existing presence and commitment in Dubai, and the Michigan State University College of Law is proud to offer our graduate law programs at the MSU's center in Dubai. Classrooms and MSU Dubai staff offices are located at:
Michigan State University Dubai
Knowledge Village
Block 2B, Suite G23, Dubai, UAE
Security at the Dubai Campus
Each student is required to submit a passport-sized photo to MSU Law, which we will in turn submit to MSU Dubai. In order to enter the building, MSU Dubai will need to have your photo and full name on record. Please e-mail us at firstname.lastname@example.com with your photo along with your legal name (this should match what is on your application). If you do not have a passport-sized photo, please make a copy of your passport ID page and email that to us.
Who to Contact with Questions
The majority of administrative functions for the MSU Law programs, such as curriculum development, billing, and registration take place at our home campus in East Lansing. Other tasks, such as the coordination of classroom facilities and equipment, are done by MSU's staff in Dubai. Please direct questions about academic, billing, and advising matters to Carrie Feeheley, Director of the Office of Graduate and International Programs at the home campus in East Lansing, at email@example.com. Ms. Feeheley is also available by phone at +1 517/432-6963 or via skype at cfeeheley. Questions about individual courses may be directed to Ms. Feeheley, and will be passed on to appropriate faculty when necessary. Inquiries about local accomodation, the location of the MSU center in Dubai, and similar logistical matters may be directed to the staff of MSU Dubai at firstname.lastname@example.com, or by phone at +9714 446 5147/8.
The Michigan State University College of Law uses MSU's Student Information System, or StuInfo, to give students access to their grades, course schedules, bills, and other information. As a student at MSU Dubai, you will also have a StuInfo account. Just after admission, you should receive an email from our Office of Graduate and International Programs with your student identification number, called your PID (Personal Identification Number) and another number, your PAN (Personal Access Number). With these two numbers, you will create your MSU student netID - this is the portion that comes before "@msu.edu" in your MSU email address, and allows you to log into StuInfo and other systems. As noted, this will also create your MSU email address. All official correspondence from MSU Law will be sent to you at your MSU email address, so it is very important that you check it regularly. Please do NOT forward this account to another email account, as some email providers see these as spam and do not deliver them to you.
StuInfo will allow you to see your bill, your schedule, your grades, and other information.
Billing and Payment
Payment for each class is due two weeks before class starts. If you enroll late in the program, please make payment immediately. Tuition is $995 per credit hour for the 2014-15 academic year. Payment should be made via StuInfo. Students who wish to make payment via wire transfer should contact us at email@example.com.
Preparation for Classes/Socratic Method
Courses in the Dubai program are taught using the Socratic Method, a unique way of teaching the law that is used in the U.S. and other common law countries. In this style of teaching, professors call upon students (who may or may not have volunteered to answer the question) to ask questions about the cases assigned as reading for the day. The professor will ask questions about the facts, reasoning, and holding of the case, and may also ask the student to compare and contrast the case to others they've read.
In the Dubai program, given the short time frame for each course, professors may use a modified version of the Socratic Method that includes more lecture than usual.
Students are highly encouraged to do their readings before class begins, and to take good notes about the cases. Generally, law students create "case briefs", or notes that include the most important parts of each case they're assigned, and use these to assist them in answering questions from the professor and studying for their exam. A case brief includes, at a minimum, the facts, the legal issue, the holding (the court's decision), and the court's reasoning in any given opinion. Additional resources will be posted here shortly to assist you in your case briefing.
Dubai Facebook Page
To better get to know your classmates and the staff of the programs, we encourage you to join our Facebook page "MSU Law Dubai". Please let us know if you're on Facebook and we'll friend you and invite you into the Facebook group!

subset: commoncrawl


text: Half-life: 25 years after the Chernobyl meltdown, a scientific debate rages on Chernobyl 05 May 11 by Adam Higginbotham This article was taken from the June 2011 issue of Wired magazine. Be the first to read Wired's articles in print before they're posted online, and get your hands on loads of additional content by subscribing online.On this freezing February afternoon, about three kilometres from the concrete sarcophagus that now entombs the number four reactor at the Chernobyl nuclear-power plant, Gennadi Milinevsky, a physicist from a university in Kiev, walks along a path carpeted with pine needles and patches of snow. The size of a transistor radio, the dosimeter emits a sharp click when it detects a radioactive particle. Milinevsky waves the instrument: its digital readout indicates levels of radiation 120 times higher than normal. As he walks, the staccato popping gets faster as the levels climb to 250 times higher than normal. "It's not good," he says. He ventures towards a wide clearing littered with the trunks of dead trees. Milinevsky suggests stopping the tour here. On the far side of the clearing, he knows, the dosimeter will begin to make a sound no one wants to hear: a terrifying snowstorm of screeching white noise, indicating highly toxic levels of gamma radiation some 1,000 times above normal.This is the poisoned heart of the Red Forest, more than 16km2 of pine trees blanketed with radioactive isotopes of strontium, caesium, plutonium, and microscopic pieces of uranium that roiled from the blazing core of reactor number four over ten days in April and May of 1986. The pines died in days, the russet needles marking the windblown path of the most deadly radioactivity to escape the burning reactor. It remains one of the most contaminated ecosystems on Earth.The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone encompasses more than 4,100km2 of northern Ukraine and southern Belarus, a ragged swatch of forests, marshes, lakes and rivers. Cordoned off by a fence and armed guards soon after the accident, the perimeter was drawn up according to surveys of gamma radiation and it has been expanded. The zone now extends up to 96km from the power plant, the main entrance on the Ukraine side blocked by a checkpoint with radiationscreening tools. Deeper in the region, a tenkilometre zone designates the most heavily contaminated areas around the plant.In the months after the accident, the Soviet authorities undertook drastic measures to deal with the catastrophe. Almost 4km2 of the Red Forest had perished, and more than 10km2 of topsoil around the sarcophagus was scraped away and buried as radioactive waste. Of the 250 settlements and villages in the zone that were evacuated, the most radioactive were bulldozed in their entirety and interred. Contaminated livestock were slaughtered, and abandoned pet dogs were shot by teams of local hunters. By the time the process of liquidation was finished, the land surrounding the reactor had been transformed into a sterile moonscape, a nightmarish postnuclear wasteland flattened by machinery and sprayed with chemicals designed to trap radioactive particles close to the ground.Since then, nature has slowly crept in. Once an area of heavy industry and collectivised agriculture, the zone is now nearly indistinguishable from the surrounding countryside. The forest has reclaimed long-abandoned villages and farmland; roads and buildings are being swallowed up by thickets of trees and shrubs. The natural process of radioactive decay has already removed some toxic particles from the environment. Those isotopes with short half-lives have already disappeared. Some longer-lived isotopes gradually leached into the soil and have been dispersed by wind, birds and insects.About a decade ago, the animal sightings began. Naturalists started to report signs of an apparently remarkable recovery in the ecology of the quarantined territory. They photographed the tracks of a brown bear and saw wolves and bear roaming the streets of the abandoned town of Pripyat. In 2002, a young eagle owl -- one of only 100 thought to be living in Ukraine at the time -- was seen dozing on an abandoned excavator near the sarcophagus. In 2003, an endangered whitetailed eagle was captured and radio-tagged within 5km of the plant. By early 2005, a herd of 21 rare Przewalski's horses that had escaped from captivity in the quarantined area in 1999 had bred and expanded their number to 64. It seemed the disaster that had banished industry, agriculture, pesticides, cars and hunting from Chernobyl had inadvertently created a sprawling wildlife parkA 2006 report by the Chernobyl Forum -- an international panel of 100 experts assembled by the UN, the World Health Organization and the International Atomic Energy Agency -- lent scientific weight to the evolving notion that the Exclusion Zone was turning into a haven for wildlife. The report, based on environmental, socioeconomic and human-health research, explained that levels of radioactivity in the zone had declined several-hundred-fold and took an optimistic view of the disaster's aftermath, both for humans and animals. While there was no denying that some central areas of the zone, including the Red Forest, remained acutely contaminated and potentially lethal, the authors stated that no adverse effects of low-level radiation had been reported in plants or animals in much of the area around the reactor. Rather, the size and diversity of the animal population had actually expanded in the absence of people. "The Exclusion Zone," the authors concluded, "has paradoxically become a unique sanctuary for biodiversity."It was an amazing story -- sinister wasteland transforms into blooming, postnuclear Eden -- and it became the subject of documentaries on Animal Planet and the BBC and a central theme of the book Wormwood Forest: A Natural History of Chernobyl. It was also used by Gaia theorist James Lovelock to argue that we could save the rainforests from the ravages of man by burying nuclear waste in them. The idea of nature healing itself even in the face of the grievous wounds man inflicts is appealing and counterintuitive.But a pair of scientists are now calling these claims into serious question. According to US-based evolutionary biologist Timothy Mousseau, there is scant evidence to back up the idea of Chernobyl as a radioactive safari park. "People say these things -- they're simply anecdotes," Mousseau says. "It's totally irrational." Nonetheless, last December, the Ministry of Emergencies -- the Ukrainian agency responsible for the Exclusion Zone -- announced it would formally open the zone to tourism in 2011. In January, the country's parliament approved a multibillion-pound plan to build two new Russian-designed nuclear reactors in western Ukraine, some of the first to be started there since the collapse of the Soviet Union.The post-earthquake explosions at Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in March have reminded the world of the potentially disastrous impact of nuclear accidents. Meanwhile, the ecological repercussions of radiation exposure in the Exclusion Zone are now the subject of an increasingly bitter and polarised scientific dispute. On one side, there are Ukrainian and US scientists who argue that plants and animals in the zone are shrugging off the effects of long-term exposure to low levels of radioactivity and are thriving in a fecund wilderness. And on the other is the view represented by Mousseau and his colleague, a Danish biologist named Anders Møller, whose work supports a far more sobering hypothesis: the results of chronic exposure to low-level radiation are little understood and potentially catastrophic. Their evidence suggests that the zone is not an enchanted forest but a radioactive roach motel: animals go in, but they don't always come out. At 57, Møller is soft-spoken and diffident. Back in 1990, when the Soviet Union was collapsing, Møller was an assistant professor at Uppsala University in Sweden. He won a modest £375 grant as part of an initiative to send scientists to the newly independent countries of eastern Europe, and he spent the money on a plane ticket to Kiev in May 1991. With the assistance of a student affiliated with the Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences, he gathered data on the effects of Chernobyl contamination on Ukrainian barn swallows. For ten days, the student drove Møller from place to place in his parents' Lada, catching birds in the barns of collective farms. At night, they slept in a tent. Almost all information gathered about the effects of the disaster by Ukrainian scientists remained secret, and Møller could not afford a dosimeter. So at the beginning of the trip, while Møller sat outside the Academy of Sciences in the Lada, the student broke into the office where the radiation-contamination maps of northern Ukraine were held and copied the numbers into a notebook. The resulting paper, published in 1993, showed significant abnormalities in the birds captured in radioactive areas. It was Møller's first published work on the ecological impact of Chernobyl, and 20 years later he remembers how quiet it was when he awoke in the tent. "That was when I noticed there were very few animals in the contaminated areas," he recalls. Read page 2 1234 Read on one page Latest on wired.co.uk


text:
12 Foods That Control Your Appetite
Foods that make you feel full
by Carey Rossi
When you're trying to lose weight, cutting back on the amount you eat is a givenbut feeling hungry all the time is one of the major reasons why most diets fail within a week. Still, you can silence your grumbling stomach without consuming extra calories. In fact, eating certain foods sends a signal to your brain that you're done eating, and quiets your appetite. Shut out the ice cream pint that's calling your name by eating these healthy and satisfying foods.
Next: Apples
Get the latest health, fitness, anti-aging, and nutrition news, plus special offers, insights and updates from Health.com!


text:
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text:
Jack Hodge presents Solar & Chesna Klimek with the $1,000 first prize.SOLAR & CHESNA KLIMEK THRIVEAT SUNNY DONIDA FARM
Auburn, Wash. (October 5, 2013) – Solar and rider/trainer Chesna Klimek were the big winners Saturday in the 100-Day Trainer Challenge Competition at Donida Farm in east Auburn.
The 100-Day Trainer Challenge Competition was one of the featured events at the Thoroughbred and Half-Thoroughbred Horse Show, held before a large crowd on a picture-perfect afternoon.
Solar and Klimek took first place in two of three divisions—in-hand and a 3 ½-minute freestyle competition—and racked up 18 points to defeat their four competitors and earn the $1,000 first prize.
The five Challenge horses—two geldings, two fillies and one mare—all raced at Emerald Downs and were provided by Emerald Downs owners and trainers, who will receive a share of the proceeds when the horses are sold privately after the 100-Day Trainer Challenge.
Solar is a 7-year-old gelding and Klimek a 26-year-old native of Rainier, Wash., with extensive equestrian experience. Solar and Klimek received 10 points for finishing first in freestyle, five for finishing first in in-hand, and three points for third in flat class.
Incidentally, Jack Hodge, who's Oak Crest Farm bred and raced Solar, is Vice President & Treasurer of The Prodigious Fund and presented Klimek with the first-place check.
Dakota Demon and rider/trainer Mark Bolender took second place and a $500 prize. The 3-year-old gelding and 57-year-old Bolender totaled 13 points, finishing second in both freestyle and in-hand, and fifth in flat class.
In addition, Dakota Demon was voted the Fan Favorite, and awarded a special halter at the prize ceremony.
Summer Snow, the oldest horse in the competition, finished third under the guidance of rider/trainer Devin Robel of Eugene, Ore., and earned $250. The 9-year-old gelding finished third in both the in-hand and freestyle, and fourth in the flat class.
Underfunded Fun, a 4-year-old filly trained by Ruel Johnson of Poulsbo, Wash., and The Last Say, a 6-year-old mare trained by Meika Decher of Lake Stevens, rounded out the order of finish. Undefunded Fun and The Last Say each totaled nine points.
All competitors received blankets for their efforts.
100-Day Trainer Challenge Competition,Sponsored by The Prodigious Fund:
Horse-Trainer………………………….In-Hand/Flat/Freestyle—TotalSolar-Chesna Klimek ($1,000). ………….5/3/10—18…Dakota Demon –Mark Bolender ($500)….4/1/8—13…Summer Snow-Devin Robel ($250)………3/2/6—11…Underfunded Fun-Ruel Johnson…………1/4/4—9…The Last Say-Meika Decher………………2/5/2—9…Fan Favorite Award: Dakota Demon
The Prodigious Fund is an organization dedicated to recognizing and supporting positive efforts made within the Thoroughbred aftercare community for the re-homing, promotion and care of retired racehorses.


text:
Hi everyone,
Fyi, I've installed the zimbra network edition version 8.0 with mail, ldap, mta, snmp services on my CentOS 6.3 (64-bit) vm server and everything works fine.
And I've also installed another zimbra server which serves as a MTA (with ldap(replica), mta, snmp services), but I'm stucked halfway cos the services failed to start..errors as shown below:-
Host mta.zimbramail.com
Starting ldap...Done.
Unable to determine enabled services from ldap.
Enabled services read from cache. Service list may be inaccurate.
Starting zmconfigd...Done.
Starting antispam...Done.
Starting antivirus...Done.
Starting snmp...Done.
Starting mta...Failed.
Starting saslauthd...saslauthd[15679] :set_auth_mech : failed to initialize mechanism zimbra
zmsaslauthdctl failed to start
opendkim: /opt/zimbra/conf/opendkim.conf: configuration error at line 0: error reading configuration file
Failed to start opendkim: 0
zmopendkimctl failed to start
Starting stats...Done.
Is there anyone out there that could help me solve these errors? your help/idea is very much appreciated. Thank you!


text:
Overflow Binary Resource File
- This is an Attack. To view all attacks, please see the Attack Category page.
ASDR Table of Contents
The source of a buffer overflow may be input data. When it comes from the Overflow Binary Resource File, the attacker has to modify/prepare the binary file in such a way that the application, after reading this file, has become prone to a classic Buffer overflow attack. The only difference between this attack and the classic one is the source of the input data. Common examples are specially crafted MP3, JPEG or ANI files, which cause buffer overflows.
Risk Factors
The application reads the first 8 characters from the binary file.
rezos@dojo-labs ~/owasp/binary $ cat read_binary_file.c #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main(void) { FILE *f; char p[8]; char b[8]; f = fopen("file.bin", "r"); fread(b, sizeof(b), 1, f); fclose(f); strcpy(p, b); printf("%s\n", p); return 0; }
The crafted file contains more than 8 characters.
rezos@dojo-labs ~/owasp/binary $ cat file.bin AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
After an attempt to run one more time, the application will end with:
rezos@dojo-labs ~/owasp/binary $ ./read_binary_file Segmentation fault
Failure. Was it buffer overflow?
rezos@dojo-labs ~/owasp/binary $ gdb -q ./read_binary_file Using host libthread_db library "/lib/libthread_db.so.1". (gdb) r Starting program: /home/rezos/owasp/binary/read_binary_file Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault. 0xb7e4b9e3 in strcpy () from /lib/libc.so.6
Yes, that was a buffer overflow in a strcpy() function.
fread(b, sizeof(b), 1, f); - reads characters from the stream f, sizeof(b) once, to the buffer b. It looks OK. However there is no room for a '\0', which terminates the string.
Whiile executing strcpy(p, b); where both buffers are equal, overflow takes place. What causes it is the absence of the null byte/terminating character in a buffer b[]. The strcpy() function will copy into the buffer p[] everything starting in b[0] and ending on the null byte. The attacker has successfully conducted the buffer overflow attack by crafting a special file.
Related Threat Agents
Related Attacks
Related Vulnerabilities
Related Controls
1) Use safe equivalent functions, which check the buffers length, whenever it's possible.
- gets() -> fgets()
- strcpy() -> strncpy()
- strcat() -> strncat()
- sprintf() -> snprintf()
2) These functions which doesn't have their safe equivalents should be rewritten with safe checks implemented. Time spent on that will benefit in the future. Remember that you have to do it only once.
3) Use compilers, which are able to identify unsafe functions, logic errors and check if the memory is overwritten when and where it shouldn't be.


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1954 & 1956 Ford F-100sWritten by on April 7, 1998 One's A '54, One's A '56, Both Are Outstanding
How many times have you heard the horror stories about a project truck swirling around inside some hack shop for years and no work was ever done? Too many, we're willing to bet. Outstanding shops aren't always easy to find.
We've known John Mangiapane of Show Car Restoration (818/994-5077) in Van Nuys, California, for many years and he's always turning out absolutely beautiful cars and trucks. We've watched the progress of the black '56 F-100 owned by Bob and Karen Kandarian of Bakersfield, California, for quite some time with amazement. Mangiapane is truly an artist, but he's also a competent professional who gets the work done. In addition to insurance collision repairs, Showcar Restoration offers complete frame-off restorations of classics, antiques, hot rods, customs, and trucks. After 22 years in the business, John knows what it takes to make discriminating customers happy.
John is quick to point out that he did not build the '54 from the ground up. He would not want to appear to be taking credit for someone else's work, especially when the owner of the truck did a lot of it himself! But the '56 Ford arrived at Show Car Restoration as a wreck that had been sitting in a back yard for 12 years. John really got the chance to plan and execute every detail. The Kandarians visited the shop often over the course of the project, and John always had new suggestions to make the truck safer, improve the appearance, and increase performance.
It's satisfying to see so many nice trucks coming out of the same shop.
More Photos From This Article View Slideshow
Part of what makes classic trucks interesting is that you can build them in so many different ways. The red '54 Ford F-100 belongs to Oddie Neal, and the black '56 Ford F-100 belongs to Bob and Karen Kandarian.Show Car Restorations made custom inner bed-panel liners to offset the beautiful wood floor of the Kandarians' '56. Blue and red pearl were added to make the black paint really stand out.A highly polished and chromed engine compartment sets off the 351 Ford motor. Check out those milled slots in the smooth firewall.The bottom halves of the '54's door panels use the same material as the floor, and the top halves use the same material as the seat top.Oddie's truck combines stock items (fender welting, tailgate hinges, taillights) with custom touches (blue dots, plush carpet, lowered stance).Show Car Restoration designed the interior for the Kandarians' '56. Ray Griggs did the upholstery work, and man!--is it neat. Custom polished trim adorns the door panels and headliner.


text:
Variable ce4 : How many time was he/her left in the care of another child
Type: Continuous
Format: numeric
Width: 2
Decimal(s): 0
Range: 0-99
Valid case(s): 11017 (11017)
Invalid: 87 (0)
Minimum: 0
Maximum: 99
Children aged 0-4
Source of information
The mother or caretaker of the child aged 0-4.
Literal question
Sometimes adults taking care of children have to leave the house to go shopping, wash clothes, or for other reasons and have to leave young children with others. since last (day of the week) how many times was (name) left in the care of another child (that is, someone less than 10 years old)?
If 'none' enter 00
Interviewer instructions
This and the following question are used to assess whether children are at increased risk, either because they are left alone or are left with a child as caregiver. These situations have been shown to be associated with higher risk for children, although there are many exceptions. The question sets up a hypothetical situation, one in which the mother/primary caretaker would be gone for more than just a moment - situations in which the child could be left alone for an hour or more. The question specifies that we want to know about situations in which the respondent actually leaves the premises, not simply going out of sight of the child, such as to another part or another room of the house. When asking this question, insert the name of the day of the interview. For example, if the interview is taking place on a Tuesday, ask: "SINCE LAST TUESDAY…" Enter the response in the spaces provided. If the child was not left in the care of another child during this period, enter '00' for 'None'. Note that 'another child' is defined as a child less than 10 years old.


text:
Love that these two have become Burberry breasties, er, besties. Geez, even I got distracted.
Sarah Jessica Parker: "It's fabulous."
Serena: "Oh, hi camera. Who knew I was the show? So cray-cray."
Muzz: "Wait. Where's the court? I don't see a net. Is she just a very tall ball girl? Where the HELL am I?? Someone is so fired."
Kim Sears: "I need that outfit. Damn, he better starting winning some major shit or it's OVAH. Again."
[Photo(s): @serenawilliams]


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Craig Hahn's 1955 Kustom F100 - Poison Dart FrogWritten by on January 28, 2008 Contributors: Marc Gewertz We Wouldn't Advocate Kissing Such A Frog, But This Truck Sure Turned Out Handsome!
Trace the lineage of kustoms back to where it all began and there's a sub-genre that's been there right from the start. That's right, I'm talking about kustom pickups. Whether they were shop trucks-and let's face it, there is hardly a better way to promote your business than by having a rolling billboard seen around town-or just kustoms that happened to be commercially inclined, they form an important part of our history, from the DuVall/Kurtis SoCal Plating '35 Phaeton (OK, so it wasn't strictly a truck), through the R&C Dream Truck, Ala Kart, Kopper Kart, and even the Alexander brothers' Deora. In fact, it was an old stock-bodied, but wildly scalloped, F-100 that Tommy the Greek painted in '55 that inspired the appearance of the truck you see splashed across these pages.
Owner Craig Hahn had built several Chevy trucks, but never a Ford, when he first laid eyes on this particular truck back in the early '90s, though it looked nothing like this. In a fresh coat of purple primer, then-owner Ken Kent wasn't ready to sell at the time, though the truck had really caught Craig's attention. "I asked Ken if he would be willing to part with it and he politely declined my invitation," Craig told us. "After that, each time I would see Ken we would discuss his not wanting to sell the truck, and my request of him not to be pissed when I built one just like it. Eventually, about a year later, the truck was finally for sale. He'd bought a Merc and wanted some seed money to begin the project. Knowing very well I would have paid him a premium price, Ken set an extremely fair value and the deal was done."
Craig bought what he considered to be a project, but ended up using it as a daily driver, putting more than 50,000 miles on it during trips to work and many shows. The only alteration he made in all that time was to add flames to all four fenders. "One year at Paso, Bo Huff's son, who was about 12 years old at the time, was laying flames in fine-line tape on his dad's coupe, then pulling them off and doing it over. I offered him $20 to flame all four fenders of my truck, then went to Wal-Mart, bought some house paint, thinned it, and brushed the flames in. I drove it like that for six years."
Around Christmas 2005, the pickup made it to the top of Craig's project pile. The bed came off, as did all the paint and plenty of Bondo that had to be 30 years old, including a wad that had been applied over the hammered-in vent on the passenger side of the cowl! The truck had been chopped and channeled by an unknown builder back in the '70s, so Craig set about taking the body mods a step further, pie-cutting and reverse-sectioning the front fenders so they aligned perfectly with the '61 Chrysler headlights and grille surround that now look like they were factory fitted. Pontiac skirt stars were added on a one-off insert to complete the front end, along with a rolled pan.
Moving back, the side glass was swapped for one-piece items, the door handles removed, the gas filler erased from the cab corner, twin '59 Caddy taillights frenched on each rear fender, and a rolled pan added below the smoothed tailgate, prior to Kustom Mike's in San Leandro, California, laying down the House of Kolor hues, starting with a blue base. This was followed by fine green 'flake, which the painter, who was used to painting lowriders, said was too bright. Craig had faith though, and once the black scallops and details were added, he admitted it was toned down just enough. There's also gold pearl in the mix to provide a little pop to the finish. "We call it the Poison Dart Frog because of the colors," Craig said. "It is basically a green and black version of that Tommy the Greek-painted F-100."
Mechanically, the truck is typical of a kustom-it's functional and gets the body closer to Mother Earth, but isn't flashy. The stock chassis still runs its straight-axle, modified by Craig to accept Corvette calipers and rotors, fed by a Firebird master cylinder. Monroe air shocks and an on-board compressor fine-tune the ride height at each end, though Craig is contemplating fitting airbags, but says it's presently just high enough not to scrape. A '61 Chevy 283 resides under the hood, with a trio of Rochesters on an Edelbrock manifold with matching valve covers, though that's about it for dress-up goodies, since "it's a kustom; I keep the hood closed," according to Craig.
The hood may stay closed on a kustom, but the interior should be something to write home about, and that's certainly the case here, with a custom-made headliner and bows, as well as a heavily modified seat from an early '60s pickup, all finished in black and cream Naugahyde by Rick's Upholstery in San Leandro. The dash is finished in a complementary white pearl drum wrap material. "I'm kind of proud of that dash, as I did it myself," Craig told us, seeing himself as more of a project manager than a totally hands-on builder. Of course, now that the truck is finished, it begs the question of what he drives daily. "I drive the F-100 as much now as I did before. In fact, I drove it to work today." Who says you can't have your cake and eat it too?
Rod & Custom Feature Car
Craig Hahn
San Leandro, California
1955 Kustom F100
The original '55 Effie frame still lives under the bodywork, though the rear end has been C'd for axle clearance. Even the stock leaf springs are in place, the low stance achieved thanks to a 5-inch channel job and fine-tuned with the use of air shocks. Though F-100 steering boxes are sought after by hot rodders, Craig swapped his out in favor of a Dodge Power Wagon unit, turning the stock spindles that now wear Vette rotors and calipers thanks to a little homebrewed ingenuity. A junkyard GM proportioning valve does a fine job evening out the line pressure between those discs and the drums at each end of the 9-inch rearend.
A '61 vintage 283 small-block with Power Pak heads nestles between the chassis 'rails. Three small-base Rochester two-barrels feed fuel through an Edelbrock inlet, with Hedman headers clearing spent gases into straight pipes. Backing the 283 is a TH350 with a B&M shift kit, a combination that has proved reliable on a daily basis for a number of years now.
Wheels And Tires
Those chromed steelies came from Pete Paulson's House of Wheels and measure 15x7 at each corner. Whitewall radials from Coker provide the nostalgic appearance with modern handling.
Body And Paint
Chopped and channeled sometime in the '70s, the pickup now also features pinched front fenders, shaved handles and gas filler, and a smoothed tailgate, as well as rolled pans front and back. A quartet of Caddy bullets illuminates out the rear, while '61 Chrysler headlights and grille with Pontiac stars make a bold statement below the hood, which will soon be getting a tilt assembly to improve its fit. Green fine 'flake with black scallops and pinstriping by James Race was based on a Tommy the Greek design from 1955, while Allied Glass in Castro Valley, California, made sure the greenhouse was as good as new.
Rick's Upholstery custom-made the top bows and headliner, as well as covered the much-modified seat, doors, and kick panels in black and cream Naugahyde, using pleated inserts and black piping to contrast with the cream. Pearl white drum wrap covers the dash, which houses Auto Meter gauges above the '65 Riviera column. Stereo? We don't need no stinkin' stereo, Craig preferring the symphony of a V-8 with straight pipes!


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I am a recent new user, having become so after recovering from a major crash. Having learned the hard way about importance of backups, I have been trying to figure out how to do in zimbra desktop. I've check forum, but what I've seen seems to apply to other versions, such as network, opensource, etc.
I want to be able to save email, contacts, calendar data. Is there a simple way to perform backups to an external location, be it a disk, flash/hard drive, or "cloud location?" Thanks.


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Ian McKellen
Ian McKellen in 2007. (David Yeo/Reuters)
News about Ian McKellen, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times.
Highlights From the Archives
Theater Review | 'King Lear' and 'The Seagull'
Lear Stripped Bare
Ian McKellen — in Trevor Nunn's otherwise spotty interpretation of "King Lear," which runs in repertory with Chekhov's "Seagull" — wears old age as a coat of many, infinitely mutating colors.September 14, 2007 theaterReview
Anthony Hopkins Returns to the Stage, if Only for a Movie
Mr. Hopkins, who decades ago left the theater to pursue his film career, plays a veteran Shakespearean actor in a TV-movie version of "The Dresser."
May 28, 2016, Saturday
MORE ON IAN MCKELLEN AND: Television , The Dresser (Movie) , Hopkins, Anthony , McKellen, Ian , Starz
Sam Smith, the Only Openly Gay Oscar Winner? Not Really
The British singer's claim after winning an Academy Award for best original song for "Writing's on the Wall" showed a lack of memory, and maybe even history.
March 1, 2016, Tuesday
MORE ON IAN MCKELLEN AND: Academy Awards (Oscars) , Smith, Sam (1992- ) , Homosexuality and Bisexuality , Music , Actors and Actresses , Black, Dustin Lance , McKellen, Ian
Ian McKellen Will Take That Seat, if You're Offering It
The star of "Mr. Holmes," in which he plays Sherlock at 93, says being given comfy perches is among the perks of growing old.
January 9, 2016, Saturday
MORE ON IAN MCKELLEN AND: Movies , McKellen, Ian , Mr. Holmes (Movie)
Review: For Ian McKellen's 'Mr. Holmes,' Retirement Is Afoot
"Mr. Holmes" imagines the later years of Arthur Conan Doyle's beloved detective, who hasn't quite given up making brilliant deductions.
July 17, 2015, Friday
MORE ON IAN MCKELLEN AND: Movies , Condon, Bill , McKellen, Ian , Mr. Holmes (Movie) , Doyle, Arthur Conan
Ian McKellen and Derek Jacobi in a Gay Pride March Debut
The British actors, grand marshals and first-timers at New York's parade on Sunday, reflect on the progress they've seen in their often parallel lives.
June 27, 2015, Saturday
Bilbo Baggins in the Shadow of Bloodthirsty Hordes
Peter Jackson concludes his trilogy treatment of J. R. R. Tolkien's "The Hobbit" with a film devoted to warfare and driven by greed.
December 17, 2014, Wednesday
MORE ON IAN MCKELLEN AND: Movies , Jackson, Peter , McKellen, Ian , Freeman, Martin (1971- ) , The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies (Movie)
Oh You Silly Thing, of Course He's Gay
"Vicious," a British series soon to be broadcast on PBS, follows two partners in a gay relationship of nearly 50 years.
June 29, 2014, Sunday
MORE ON IAN MCKELLEN AND: Jacobi, Derek , Vicious (TV Program) , Public Broadcasting Service , McKellen, Ian , Television , Homosexuality and Bisexuality
Love With the Proper Dose of Disdain
"Vicious," on PBS, stars Ian McKellen and Derek Jacobi as longtime lovers who share an apartment.
June 28, 2014, Saturday
MORE ON IAN MCKELLEN AND: Public Broadcasting Service , Vicious (TV Program) , Jacobi, Derek , Television , McKellen, Ian
Ian McKellen and Nobel Winners Join Protests Against Russia's Anti-Gay Laws
In an open letter, Mr. McKellen was joined by 27 Nobel Prize winners, including the South African writer J.M. Coetzee.
January 14, 2014, Tuesday
MORE ON IAN MCKELLEN AND: McKellen, Ian , Putin, Vladimir V , Coetzee, J M , Russia , Homosexuality , Discrimination
Filling the Existential Void
Ian McKellen and Patrick Stewart star in repertory productions of Harold Pinter's "No Man's Land" and Samuel Beckett's "Waiting for Godot" at the Cort Theater.
November 25, 2013, Monday
MORE ON IAN MCKELLEN AND: Beckett, Samuel , Crudup, Billy , Stewart, Patrick , Hensley, Shuler , Theater , McKellen, Ian , Pinter, Harold
Made to Measure
A look at the stage roles of Ian McKellen.
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The Tropical Forest and Climate Coalition (TFCC) is a groundbreaking alliance of major U.S. businesses, non- governmental organizations, and scientific institutions working to protect tropical forests as part of the solution to climate change. On May 12, 2009, the coalition released the Tropical Forest and Climate Unity Agreement, a landmark set of principles for the protection of these forests as part of U.S. climate policy. Avoided Deforestation Partners, a small non-profit organization, served to initiate and facilitate this agreement.
With this diverse coalition behind it, the agreement served as the model for many of the tropical forest policies included in proposed climate legislation now under consideration in Congress. The coalition continues to work to ensure that tropical forests are protected in U.S. and international climate policies as a way to solve the climate crisis, enhance security, protect biodiversity, reduce poverty, and create economic opportunity at home and abroad.
Click here to download PDF of the Unity Agreement.
News And Resources
Information included here does not necessarily represent the opinions of all coalition members.
Indonesian Borneo and Sumatra lose 9% of forest cover in 8 years
Mongabay | February 25, 2011 - The research comes shortly after an investigation by a task force set up by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono found that deforestation in Central Kalimantan costs the province 158.5 trillion rupiah ($17.6 billion). A separate analysis published this week by Indonesian Corruption Watch estimated state losses from deforestation country-wide at 71 trillion Rupiah ($8 billion) between 2005 and 2009, or roughly $1.6 billion per year.... see more
Budget for rainforests puts Obama's $1 billion pledge at risk
Grist | February 16, 2011 - Both President Obama's proposed budget and especially House Republican proposals fall significantly short of the administration's $1 billion pledge for short-term forest finance made at the Copenhagen climate summit putting the United States' climate credibility at even further risk.... see more
Possible breakthrough: Indonesian palm oil giant pledges zero deforestation
Grist | February 14, 2011 - Potential good news for orangutans, tigers, and the climate: Indonesian palm oil giant Golden Agri-Resources (GAR), a subsidiary of all-round planet pulper Sinar Mas (palm oil, illegal logging, coal) is promising not to destroy forests and ultra carbon-rich peatlands for palm oil.... see more
Top five forest stories of 2010
Grist | January 3, 2011 - In the context of an overall bleak 2010 for the planet, forests offer a bright point for some celebration -- showing this sector as the area offering perhaps the best hope for continued progress in fighting climate change. Towards that end, here are the world's top five forest stories of the year.... see more
New Data Shows REDD+ Is Succeeding
Union of Concerned Scientists | December 16, 2010 - Amid the whirlwind of climate change news before and after the Cancún climate conference, including a landmark agreement on REDD+ (reducing emissions from deforestation, and related pro-forest actions), an important story seems to have passed by with little notice.... see more
The Politics of Forests in Cancun
Grist | December 10, 2010 - The delegates at Cancun have approved a deal that makes important progress on forest protection, clean technology, adapting to global warming, measurement and verification, and the establishment of a Green Fund. While it doesn't commit countries to specific post-2012 cuts in pollution yet, it's an important step forward that could lead to a more comprehensive agreement in Durban, South Africa next year -- and show politicians in the United States that our global competitors are willing to take action. If we don't, we risk being left behind in the race to a low carbon economy.... see more
World Bank President Zoellick on the need for REDD: We dont want silent forests
Grist | December 10, 2010 - The watchword in the halls of this year's UN climate summit is "balanced package." It's the oblique phrase referring to what might be possible as a final agreement at this year's meeting, at least to those who don't have unreasonable expectations on what can be achieved.... see more
World Needs to Restore and Expand Tropical Forests to Combat Climate Change, New Report Finds
Union of Concerned Scientists | December 9, 2010 - Replanting and restoring tropical forests will prove to be a critical tool in combating global warming, according to a report released today by the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) during the U.N. Climate Change Conference in Cancun, Mexico.... see more
In Cancun, World Leaders Call for Quick Action on Forests
AD Partners | December 8, 2010 - Avoided Deforestation Partners was honored to have UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon as the keynote speaker at our high-level REDD+ event in Cancun. The Secretary General called on the nations of the world to conclude a deal to protect forests. At the same event, important announcements were made by World Bank president Robert Zoellick and Walmart Chairman.... see more
What Cancun Can Take from California
The Guardian | December 6, 2010 - At the invitation of AD Partners, Dr Jane Goodall meets with California Gov. Schwarz- enegger to help promote California Climate bill. In a new op-ed in The Guardian (UK), Ambassador Stuart Eizenstat and AD Partners Founder Jeffrey Horowitz discuss landmark inclusion of forestry provision in California's climate law.... see more
Brazil Outpaces All Other Countries in Reducing Global Warming Emissions, According to New Rainforest Data
Union of Concerned Scientists | December 1, 2010 - Brazil announced today that it reduced tropical rainforest destruction to another record low level. The countrys National Institute for Space Research found that the loss of Amazonian forest reached a record low of 2,490 square miles (6,450 square kilometers) between August 2009 and July 2010, 67 percent lower than the average deforestation rate between 1996 and 2005.... see more
Emissions from Deforestation Decline, but Fossil Fuels Drive Pollution Higher
Grist | November 23, 2010 - A new analysis of 2009 global greenhouse gas emissions published in the journal Nature Geoscience has found that increased coal use in the developing world, particularly China and India, boosted global greenhouse gas emissions to the second highest level on record.... see more
Reforestation Projects Capture More Carbon Than Industrial Plantations, New Research Reveals
Science Daily | July 31, 2010 - Australian scientists researching environmental restoration projects have found that the reforestation of damaged rainforests is more efficient at capturing carbon than controversial softwood monoculture plantations.... see more
Analysis Shows Protecting Tropical Forests Will Boost Revenue for Brazil by US$146-$306 billion
A report released today by AD Partners finds that Brazilian agriculture is well-positioned to benefit from a gradual shift away from deforestation-based production. With relatively constant temperatures and tens of millions of hectares of degraded land that can easily be put into production as demand increases, non-deforestation agriculture in Brazil will gain significant market share from forest protection measures.
Read the report in English
Em Português: Mais florestas, fazendas melhores


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only left in this size
Designed to transcend seasons with classic appeal, this long-sleeve jacket is crafted in hardy nonstretch Japanese denim and features casual distressing for a well-worn look. Easy fading delivers subtle high-low dimension to the dark-blue 9 Years Ascent wash. Buttons close the placket, cuffs, and two chest pockets. Adjustable waist tabs at back. Unlined.


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Rahm Emanuel Speaks The Truth
"My wife and I were brought up to believe that the more you give, the more you have," says Cathy. "Few people actually believe in this, but we do." (HT: Philanthropyroundtable) Those crazy wingnuts think they built something at Chick-fil-A, Inc. They think they are being charitable when they give away money that belongs to Elizabeth Warren and Barack Obama. They think they are being | Read More »


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VIERA® 60" Class GT30 Series Plasma HDTV with 3D (60.1" Diag.)
Details http://shop.panasonic.com/support-only/TC-P60GT30.html
This item is currently not available.
- Flush Design
- Full HD 3D
- Infinite Black 2 Panel
- VIERA Connect WiFi Ready
- Replacement Accessories
- Remote Controls
Firmware & Drivers
FIRMWARE Download Instructions
GT30/GT31 Firmware Update DOWNLOAD Download and install instructions
- Version: 2.22
Issues Addressed:
Adds support for VIERA Connect™Service
Improvement for wireless LAN compatibility (Router: D-LINK DIR-825 H/W Rev.B)
Static noise in audio when streaming Netflix content
Improvement for VIERA Connect™Service
Adds support ISF control via Ethernet
Improvement for Media player compatibility
Update VIERA Connect™service
Improvement of Skype Camera compatibility
- Release Date: 7-17-2012
- Operating Systems: windows/mac
- Basic Audio Video Connections
- How to Access DLNA Content
- How to Register the TV with Amazon Video on Demand
- How to Make a Skype Call
- How to Determine if your Skype Camera is Working
- How to Connect the TV to an Audio System
- How to Connect a PC to the TV
- How to Reset your Panasonic Viera TV
- How to Find the Networks Default Gateway
- 2011 How to Program Channels
- 2011 How to Find the MAC Address to the TV
- How to Connect External Devices to your TV
SpecificationsExpand All
More Details
- Screen Size 60" Class (60.1" diagonal)
Aspect Ratio16:9
- Native Resolution (Number of Pixels) 2,073,600 (1,920 x 1,080)
- Moving Picture Resolution 1080 lines
- Shades of Gradation 6,144 equivalent
- HDTV Display Capability (1080p, 1080i, 720p) Yes
- EDTV Display Capability (480p) Yes
Aspect Control
Normal, Zoom, Full, Just, H-fill for TV/AV modes
4:3, Full for PC mode
- Louver Filter Yes
- 24p Playback (2 : 3) Yes
- Deep Color Yes
- x.v.Color Yes
- Super Resolution Yes
- Pro Setting Yes
THX ModeY (3D/2D)
- 3D Color Management Yes
- Sub Pixel Control Yes
- Motion Pattern Noise Reduction Yes
- 3D Panel Yes
- 3D 24p Cinema Smoother Yes
- 2D-3D Conversion Yes
- 3D Image Viewer Yes
- 600 Hz Sub-field Drive Yes
- Speakers Full-range x 2 (L, R)
- Number of Speakers 2
- Audio Output 20 W
- Surround Sound Yes
- Integrated ATSC Tuner Yes
- VIERA Image Viewer™ Y (AVCHD/MPEG2/JPEG/MP3 playback)
- HDMI Input 4 (4 side)
- Composite Video Input RCA x 1 (lower) (with special adapter cable (dedicated))
- PC Input D-sub 15-pin x 1 (rear) (with special adapter cable (dedicated))
Component Video Inputs(Y, PB, PR) RCA x 1 (lower) (with special adapter cable (dedicated))
- Audio Input (for Component Video) RCA x 1 (lower) (with special adapter cable (dedicated))
- Digital Audio Output (Optical) 1
- HDMI Input-Support Feature Audio Return Channel (Input 1) / 3D Input (All)
- Analog Audio Input ( for HDMI/DVI) Yes
- LAN Port 1
VIERA Link™ Yes
- VIERA Connect (IPTV) Yes
- VIERA® Tools Yes
- Game Mode Yes
- 3D Active Shutter Eyewear Not Included
- Pixel Orbiter (Anti-Image Retention) Yes
- Built-In Closed Caption Decoder Yes
- Off - Timers Yes
- Trilingual Menu English/Spanish/French
- Wireless LAN Adaptor Yes
- DLNA Yes
- Power Supply AC 120 V, 60Hz
- Receiving System ATSC/QAM/NTSC
- Operating Temperature 32°F - 104°F (0°C - 40°C)
- Safety Standard UL60065(7th edition)/C-UL
- Optional Wall-mounting Bracket TY-WK5P1RW
- Dimensions (H x W x D) with Stand 35.7" x 55.8" x 15.3"
- Dimensions (H x W x D) without Stand 34.2" x 55.8" x Speaker depth: 2.4"; Panel depth: 1.5"
- Weight (lbs.) w/Stand 97.1 lbs
- Weight (lbs.) without Stand 83.8 lbs
- Carton Dimensions 39.8"x 63.2" x 12.1"
- Gross Weight [lbs (kg)] 119.1 lbs. (54.0 kg)
Owner's Manuals
Owner's Manuals and Documentation
Warranty information
Dimension Sheet
FAQsFrequently asked questions about your product
Where can I find more support or ask questions about my product?
Click Here to visit the Panasonic Community to search for specific FAQs or tutorials for your product or ask questions directly to Panasonic or other customers.


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NEW YORK CITY – July 28, 2006 – To reduce mosquito activity, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) will spray pesticide from trucks in parts of Staten Island from 8:15 P.M. on Monday, July 31 to 6:00 A.M. on Tuesday, August 1. If weather doesn't permit, spraying will be delayed until Tuesday, August 1 or the next possible night. To date, no human cases of West Nile virus have been identified in New York City.
The areas to be sprayed in Staten Island follow (also see attached map):
For this application, the Health Department will apply Anvil 10+10 (Sumithrin), a synthetic pyrethroid used in mosquito control efforts. A final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), completed by DOHMH in the summer of 2001, found that there is no significant risk of adverse impact to human health associated with the proper use of pyrethroids. Go to http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/wnv/feis.shtml to read the EIS.
The use of pesticides in New York City is conducted in accordance with federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) guidelines.
To report dead birds or standing water, or for more information about West Nile virus, call 311 or visit http://www.nyc.gov/health/wnv.


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May 28, 2016
I-496 and U.S. 127 have reopened after a bolt of lightning knocked power lines down Tuesday evening. 496 was closed in both directions at Trowbridge Road while 127 South was closed at 496. The Board of Water and Light tells wilx.com around a thousand customers in the Trowbridge and Aurelius areas don't have electricity. The BWL hopes to have everything fixed by 3am. Stay with News 10 and wilx.com for updates as soon as they're available.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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I am pretty sure I already know the answer to this ?, but I logged into my zimbra account this morning no problems. 12 hours later (tonight) I'm getting pop-up to re-authenticate account, but when I attempt to do so, it tells me my password may have changed and to check edit screen:
Password may have changed. Please go to edit screen of Account Setup to revalidate settings.
Where do I go to reset, other than to wait until a.m when sysadmin gets in.
Thanks, T


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Doc Talk: Don't get burned — Be kind to your skin
Skin Cancer: The facts
• Skin cancers are common in our community due to our high altitude
• Changes in moles or wounds that do not heal require medical attention
• Prevention is important; if you work or play outside, sunblock is critical and should be reapplied every two hours
• These cancers don't go away, they only get worse, and are harder to treat when ignored
Q. What is the largest organ in the human body?
A. The skin
Your skin covers a large surface area and is subject to scrapes, cuts, sun, snow, hot sidewalks and spills of all types. It's important that we don't overlook our skin when considering our overall health.
Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States, and living in a high altitude, sunny environment puts us at a greater risk. Other risk factors include:
- Sun exposure – spending a lot of time outdoors
- Blistering sunburns – if you experienced several blistering sunburns as a child or teen
- Skin color – if you have fair skin, blond, red or light brown hair, blue eyes or freckles
- Artificial tanning – if you use tanning booths, beds or sunlamps
With all that we know about what can cause skin cancer, gone should be the days of baby oil , a book, and a day in the sun.
While there are several kinds of skin cancer, these can be divided into three common types:
Basal cell cancer – This type of cancer is locally aggressive, meaning if you leave it alone, it will just get bigger. It may not spread to other organs but may be become more and more difficult to treat, becoming unsightly, bleeding and disfiguring. Local excision (conservative surgical removal) is the usual treatment. Depending on the location, other approaches may be used such as medication or freezing with liquid nitrogen. These cancers may appear as chronically flaking skin or a sore that will not heal or constant bleeding.
Squamous cell cancers are more aggressive and can spread to other parts of the body and lymph glands. They can appear as a non-healing or bleeding ulcer. They may have a ridge around the center that is raised. A low volcano may be a good analogy of what these look like. Unlike the basal cells, the surgery needs to be more aggressive with a larger margin clear edges) around the specimen. The skin cancer and the surrounding edges may be checked at the time of the surgery with a frozen section (immediate analysis) or await the final definitive examination. It is important not to ignore these as they can grow in locations that may make treatment very difficult and disfiguring as well as life threatening. Sometimes plastic and reconstructive surgery is required to properly treat these cancers.
Melanoma is the third type of skin cancer and is becoming more prevalent. It is usually dark , and irregular. A crushed black berry on the skin is a good description. It is often raised above the level of the skin, various shades of color. It is can be seen on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Any dark moles in these areas are reason for serious concern. Melanomas can be slow growing or rapidly spread and cause death. They can spread to the lymph nodes under the arm or in the groin. They can be found on the trunk as well as the arms and legs. They are categorized as to how thick they measure under the microscope as well as what levels of the skin they penetrate. Deeper and thicker melanomas require the lymph nodes to be evaluated as well.
Dr. Linhardt is a general surgeon offering services weekly at Driggs Health Clinic and Teton Valley Hospital. To learn more about Dr. Linhardt, please click here or www.georgelinhardtmd.com.


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May 29, 2016
Assistant Police Chief James Sharpe is now the face of the Meridian Police Department.
This comes after former Police Chief James Reed suddenly resigned last Monday, following our story about Reed not being a certified law enforcement officer in the State of Mississippi. That same day, Mayor Barry appointed James Sharpe as the city's acting police chief.
"I'm very pleased with his ability," Mayor Barry says. "I'm very pleased with his leadership skills. He has already surrounded himself with all of his officers and has a plan of action to reduce the crime in this community. And you're going to see Meridian move forward as we always have."
As for what exactly Sharpe's plan of action is, Barry says it's just too early to say. One plan that was implemented in December was adding extra officers on the streets in an effort to cut down on the number of shootings and armed robberies.
"Well, he is working out several different special operations that have been in place," Barry adds. "And that's why that I can honestly say that our crime numbers are down for the month of January."
Sharpe's appointment also comes just days after the mayor hosted a teen summit on crime. Hundreds of local teens made their way to city hall to hear from city and county leaders about way they can avoid getting in trouble with the law.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
I do not know why I am getting this error "ERROR - failed to start slapd"
The service is not already running and I have no clue what logs I can check.
I am running FC5. This all worked when I installed Zimbra the first time but I uninstalled it and reinstalled it and I cannot get it to work now. Any help would be great.


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For the most current version of this Note, see Background Notes A-Z.
Republic of Poland
Area: 312,683 sq. km. (120,725 sq. mi.); about the size of New Mexico.
Cities (2004): Capital--Warsaw (pop. 1,690,821). Other cities--Lodz (776,297), Krakow (757,957), Wroclaw (636,854), Poznan (573,003), Gdansk (460,524).
Terrain: Flat plain, except mountains along southern border.
Climate: Temperate continental.
Nationality: Noun--Pole(s). Adjective--Polish.
Population (December 2003): 38.2 million.
Annual growth rate: Unchanging.
Ethnic groups: Polish 98%, German, Ukrainian, Belorussian, Lithuanian.
Religions: Roman Catholic 90%, Eastern Orthodox, Uniate, Protestant, Judaism.
Language: Polish.
Education: Literacy--98%.
Health (2000): Infant mortality rate-- 8.1/1,000. Life expectancy--males 70 yrs., females 78 yrs.
Work force: 17.0 million. Industry and construction--25.3%; agriculture--28.7%; trade and business--28.0%; government and other--18.0%.
Type: Republic.
Constitution: The constitution now in effect was approved by a national referendum on May 25, 1997. The constitution codifies Poland's democratic norms and establishes checks and balances among the president, prime minister, and parliament. It also enhances several key elements of democracy, including judicial review and the legislative process, while continuing to guarantee the wide range of civil rights, such as the right to free speech, press, and assembly, which Poles have enjoyed since 1989.
Branches: Executive--head of state (president), head of government (prime minister). Legislative--bicameral National Assembly (lower house--Sejm, upper house--Senate). Judicial--Supreme Court, provincial and local courts, constitutional tribunal.
Administrative subdivisions: 16 provinces (voivodships).
Political parties (in Parliament): Democratic Left Alliance (SLD), Citizens Platform (PO), Self-Defense (SO), Law and Justice (PiS), Polish Peasant Party (PSL), League of Polish Families (LPR), Union of Labor (UP), and Social Democracy of Poland (SdPl).
Suffrage: Universal at 18.
GDP (2003): $209.5 billion.
Real GDP growth (2003): 3.8%
Per capita GDP (2003): $5,270.
Rate of inflation (2003): 0.7%.
Natural resources: Coal, copper, sulfur, natural gas, silver, lead, salt.
Agriculture: Products--grains, hogs, dairy, potatoes, horticulture, sugarbeets, oilseed.
Industry: Types--machine building, iron and steel, mining, shipbuilding, automobiles, furniture, textiles and apparel, chemicals, food processing, glass, beverages.
Trade (2003): Exports--$61.0 billion: furniture, cars, ships, coal, apparel. Imports--$66.7 billion: crude oil, passenger cars, pharmaceuticals, car parts, computers.
Poland today is ethnically almost homogeneous (98% Polish), in contrast with the World War II period, when there were significant ethnic minorities--4.5 million Ukrainians, 3 million Jews, 1 million Belorussians, and 800,000 Germans. The majority of the Jews were murdered during the German occupation in World War II, and many others emigrated in the succeeding years.
Most Germans left Poland at the end of the war, while many Ukrainians and Belorussians lived in territories incorporated into the then-U.S.S.R. Small Ukrainian, Belorussian, Slovakian, and Lithuanian minorities reside along the borders, and a German minority is concentrated near the southwest city of Opole.
Poland's written history begins with the reign of Mieszko I, who accepted Christianity for himself and his kingdom in AD 966. The Polish state reached its zenith under the Jagiellonian dynasty in the years following the union with Lithuania in 1386 and the subsequent defeat of the Teutonic Knights at Grunwald in 1410. The monarchy survived many upheavals but eventually went into a decline, which ended with the final partition of Poland by Prussia, Russia, and Austria in 1795.
Independence for Poland was one of the 14 points enunciated by President Woodrow Wilson during World War I. Many Polish Americans enlisted in the military services to further this aim, and the United States worked at the postwar conference to ensure its implementation.
However, the Poles were largely responsible for achieving their own independence in 1918. Authoritarian rule predominated for most of the period before World War II. On August 23, 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union signed the Ribbentrop-Molotov nonaggression pact, which secretly provided for the dismemberment of Poland into Nazi and Soviet-controlled zones. On September 1, 1939, Hitler ordered his troops into Poland. On September 17, Soviet troops invaded and then occupied eastern Poland under the terms of this agreement. After Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, Poland was completely occupied by German troops.
The Poles formed an underground resistance movement and a government in exile, first in Paris and later in London, which was recognized by the Soviet Union. During World War II, 400,000 Poles fought under Soviet command, and 200,000 went into combat on Western fronts in units loyal to the Polish government in exile.
In April 1943, the Soviet Union broke relations with the Polish government in exile after the German military announced that they had discovered mass graves of murdered Polish army officers at Katyn, in the U.S.S.R. (The Soviets claimed that the Poles had insulted them by requesting that the Red Cross investigate these reports.) In July 1944, the Soviet Red Army entered Poland and established a communist-controlled "Polish Committee of National Liberation" at Lublin.
Resistance against the Nazis in Warsaw, including uprisings by Jews in the Warsaw ghetto and by the Polish underground, was brutally suppressed. As the Germans retreated in January 1945, they leveled the city.
During the war, about 6 million Poles were killed, and 2.5 million were deported to Germany for forced labor. More than 3 million Jews (all but about 100,000 of the Jewish population) were killed in death camps like those at Oswiecim (Auschwitz), Treblinka, and Majdanek.
Following the Yalta Conference in February 1945, a Polish Provisional Government of National Unity was formed in June 1945; the U.S. recognized it the next month. Although the Yalta agreement called for free elections, those held in January 1947 were controlled by the Communist Party. The communists then established a regime entirely under their domination.
Communist Party Domination
In October 1956, after the 20th ("de-Stalinization") Soviet Party Congress in Moscow and riots by workers in Poznan, there was a shakeup in the communist regime. While retaining most traditional communist economic and social aims, the regime of First Secretary Wladyslaw Gomulka liberalized Polish internal life.
In 1968, the trend reversed when student demonstrations were suppressed and an "anti-Zionist" campaign initially directed against Gomulka supporters within the party eventually led to the emigration of much of Poland's remaining Jewish population. In December 1970, disturbances and strikes in the port cities of Gdansk, Gdynia, and Szczecin, triggered by a price increase for essential consumer goods, reflected deep dissatisfaction with living and working conditions in the country. Edward Gierek replaced Gomulka as First Secretary.
Fueled by large infusions of Western credit, Poland's economic growth rate was one of the world's highest during the first half of the 1970s. But much of the borrowed capital was misspent, and the centrally planned economy was unable to use the new resources effectively. The growing debt burden became insupportable in the late 1970s, and economic growth had become negative by 1979.
In October 1978, the Bishop of Krakow, Cardinal Karol Wojtyla, became Pope John Paul II, head of the Roman Catholic Church. Polish Catholics rejoiced at the elevation of a Pole to the papacy and greeted his June 1979 visit to Poland with an outpouring of emotion.
In July 1980, with the Polish foreign debt at more than $20 billion, the government made another attempt to increase meat prices. A chain reaction of strikes virtually paralyzed the Baltic coast by the end of August and, for the first time, closed most coalmines in Silesia. Poland was entering into an extended crisis that would change the course of its future development.
The Solidarity Movement
On August 31, 1980, workers at the Lenin Shipyard in Gdansk, led by an electrician named Lech Walesa, signed a 21-point agreement with the government that ended their strike. Similar agreements were signed at Szczecin and in Silesia. The key provision of these agreements was the guarantee of the workers' right to form independent trade unions and the right to strike. After the Gdansk agreement was signed, a new national union movement--"Solidarity"--swept Poland.
The discontent underlying the strikes was intensified by revelations of widespread corruption and mismanagement within the Polish state and party leadership. In September 1980, Gierek was replaced by Stanislaw Kania as First Secretary.
Alarmed by the rapid deterioration of the PZPR's authority following the Gdansk agreement, the Soviet Union proceeded with a massive military buildup along Poland's border in December 1980. In February 1981, Defense Minister Gen. Wojciech Jaruzelski assumed the position of Prime Minister as well, and in October 1981, he also was named party First Secretary. At the first Solidarity national congress in September-October 1981, Lech Walesa was elected national chairman of the union.
On December 12-13, the regime declared martial law, under which the army and special riot police were used to crush the union. Virtually all Solidarity leaders and many affiliated intellectuals were arrested or detained. The United States and other Western countries responded to martial law by imposing economic sanctions against the Polish regime and against the Soviet Union. Unrest in Poland continued for several years thereafter.
In a series of slow, uneven steps, the Polish regime rescinded martial law. In December 1982, martial law was suspended, and a small number of political prisoners were released. Although martial law formally ended in July 1983 and a general amnesty was enacted, several hundred political prisoners remained in jail.
In July 1984, another general amnesty was declared, and 2 years later, the government had released nearly all political prisoners. The authorities continued, however, to harass dissidents and Solidarity activists. Solidarity remained proscribed and its publications banned. Independent publications were censored.
Roundtable Talks and Elections
The government's inability to forestall Poland's economic decline led to waves of strikes across the country in April, May, and August 1988. In an attempt to take control of the situation, the government gave de facto recognition to Solidarity, and Interior Minister Kiszczak began talks with Lech Walesa on August 31. These talks broke off in October, but a new series, the "roundtable" talks, began in February 1989. These talks produced an agreement in April for partly open National Assembly elections. The June election produced a Sejm (lower house), in which one-third of the seats went to communists and one-third went to the two parties which had hitherto been their coalition partners. The remaining one-third of the seats in the Sejm and all those in the Senate were freely contested; virtually all of these were won by candidates supported by Solidarity.
The failure of the communists at the polls produced a political crisis. The roundtable agreement called for a communist president, and on July 19, the National Assembly, with the support of some Solidarity deputies, elected General Jaruzelski to that office. Two attempts by the communists to form governments failed, however.
On August 19, President Jaruzelski asked journalist/Solidarity activist Tadeusz Mazowiecki to form a government; on September 12, the Sejm voted approval of Prime Minister Mazowiecki and his cabinet. For the first time in more than 40 years, Poland had a government led by non-communists.
In December 1989, the Sejm approved the government's reform program to transform the Polish economy rapidly from centrally planned to free-market, amended the constitution to eliminate references to the "leading role" of the Communist Party, and renamed the country the "Republic of Poland." The Polish United Workers' (Communist) Party dissolved itself in January 1990, creating in its place a new party, Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland. Most of the property of the former Communist Party was turned over to the state.
The May 1990 local elections were entirely free. Candidates supported by Solidarity's Citizens' Committees won most of the races they contested, although voter turnout was only a little over 40%. The cabinet was reshuffled in July 1990; the national defense and interior affairs ministers--hold-overs from the previous communist government--were among those replaced.
In October 1990, the constitution was amended to curtail the term of President Jaruzelski. In December, Lech Walesa became the first popularly elected President of Poland.
The Republic of Poland: Into NATO and the European Union
The Republic of Poland in the early 1990s made great progress toward achieving a fully democratic government and a market economy. In November 1990, Lech Walesa was elected President for a 5-year term. Jan Krzysztof Bielecki, at Walesa's request, formed a government and served as its Prime Minister until October 1991, introducing world prices and greatly expanding the scope of private enterprise.
Poland's first free parliamentary elections were held in 1991. More than 100 parties participated, representing a full spectrum of political views. No single party received more than 13% of the total vote. After a rough start, 1993 saw the second group of elections, and the first parliament to actually serve a full term. The Democratic Left Alliance (SLD--successor to the Communist Party twice removed) received the largest percentage of votes.
After the election, the SLD and PSL formed a governing coalition. Waldemar Pawlak, leader of the junior partner PSL, became Prime Minister. Relations between President Walesa and the Prime Minister remained poor throughout the Pawlak government, with President Walesa charging Pawlak with furthering personal and party interests while neglecting matters of state importance. Following a number of scandals implicating Pawlak and increasing political tension over control of the armed forces, President Walesa demanded Pawlak's resignation in January 1995. In the ensuing political crisis, the coalition removed Pawlak from office and replaced him with the SLD's Jozef Oleksy as the new Prime Minister.
In November 1995, Poland held its second post-war free presidential elections. SLD leader Aleksander Kwasniewski defeated Walesa by a narrow margin--51.7% to 48.3%. Soon after Walesa's defeat, Interior Minister Andrzej Milczanowski accused then-Prime Minister Oleksy of longtime collaboration with Soviet and later Russian intelligence. In the ensuing political crisis, Oleksy resigned. For his successor, the SLD-PSL coalition turned to then-Deputy Sejm speaker Wlodzimierz Cimoszewicz--who was linked to, but not a member of, the SLD. Polish prosecutors subsequently decided that there was insufficient evidence to charge Oleksy, and a parliamentary commission decided in November 1996 that the Polish intelligence services may have violated rules of procedure in gathering evidence in the Oleksy case.
In the 1997 parliamentary elections, two parties with roots in the Solidarity movement--Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS) and the Freedom Union (UW)--won 261 of the 460 seats in the Sejm and formed a coalition government. Jerzy Buzek of the AWS was the Prime Minister. The AWS and SLD held the majority of the seats in the Sejm. Marian Krzaklewski was the leader of the AWS, and Leszek Miller led the SLD. In June 2000, UW withdrew from the governing coalition, leaving AWS at the helm of a minority government.
Poland's September 2001 parliamentary elections saw the center-left SLD triumph and form a coalition with the Polish Peasant Party (PSL) and leftist Union of Labor (UP), with Leszek Miller (SLD) as Prime Minister, Cimoszewicz as Foreign Minister, and Oleksy as Sejm Marshall (Speaker of Parliament). On March 1, 2003, the PSL left the ruling coalition, and on March 26 a group of 22 MPs spilt from the SLD to form the Polish Social Democratic Party (SDPL). Unable to sustain his government, Prime Minister Miller resigned on May 2, 2004. President Kwasiniewski named Iraq Coalition Provisional Authority Senior Advisor Marek Belka as Prime Minister at the head of an SLD-led minority government. Belka was confirmed by the Sejm on June 24 and survived a no-confidence motion October 15. In December 2004, a Warsaw court convicted Oleksy of lying about his involvement with Communist-era intelligence services, ultimately forcing Oleksy to resign his speakership. Cimoszewicz replaced Oleksy as Sejm Marshall and was in turn replaced as Foreign Minister by the non-partisan Deputy Foreign Minister Adam Daniel Rotfeld.
Parliamentary elections, presidential elections, and a referendum on the adoption of the European Constitution are all expected in the summer or fall of 2005.
The current government structure consists of a council of ministers led by a Prime Minister, typically chosen from a majority coalition in the bicameral legislature's lower house. The president elected every 5 years is head of state. The judicial branch plays a minor role in decision-making.
Former SLD leader Aleksander Kwasniewski was re-elected President in October 2000. Kwasniewski received in the first round 53.9% of the popular vote. In second place was Andrzej Olechowski --17.3%. President Kwasniewski has supported Polish membership in NATO and the EU and backed the SLD's legislative agenda on issues such as redrafting the constitution and abortion liberalization.
The parliament, consisting of 460 members of the Sejm and 100 members of the Senate, was elected in September 2001 in free and fair elections in which 15 political parties participated. The new Constitution and the reformed administrative division (as of 1999) required a revision of the election ordinance (passed in April 2001). The most important changes were liquidation of a national list (all deputies were elected by voters in constituencies) and introduction of a new method of calculating seats (the modified St. Lague method replaced the d'Hondt method, thus eliminating the premium for the top parties). The law stipulated that with the exception of guaranteed seats for small ethnic parties, only parties receiving at least 5% of the total vote could enter parliament.
The current Belka government maintains generally pro-market economic policies, has made fighting corruption and bringing Poland's financial house into order its priorities, and is committed to a democratic political system.
Along with SLD, other parties represented in Parliament are Citizens Platform (PO), Self-defense (SO), Law and Justice (PiS), Polish Peasant Party (PSL), Polish Social Democratic Party (SdPl), League of Polish Families (LPR), Union of Labor (UP). Poland's next parliamentary elections and presidential election will be held in 2005.
Principal Government Officials
President--Aleksander Kwasniewski
Prime Minister--Marek Belka (SLD)
Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Social Policy--Izabela Jaruga-Nowacka
Head of Prime Minister's Chancellery--Slawomir Cytrycki
Minister of Foreign Affairs--Adam Daniel Rotfeld
Minister of Economy and Labor--Jacek Piechota (SLD)
Minister of Internal Affairs and Administration--Ryszard Kalisz (SLD)
Minister of Defense--Jerzy Szmajdzinski (SLD)
Minister of Finance--Miroslaw Gronicki
Minister of Treasury--Jacek Socha
Minister of Infrastructure--Krzysztof Opawski
Minister of Justice--Andrzej Kalwas
Minister of Agriculture--Wojciech Olejniczak (SLD)
Minister of Education and Sports--Miroslaw Sawicki
Minister of Culture--Waldemar Dabrowski
Minister of Science and Information Technology--Michal Kleiber
Minister of Health--Marek Balicki (SdPl)
Minister of Environment--Tomasz Podgajniak
Ambassador to the United States--Przemyslaw Grudzinski
Poland maintains an embassy in the United States at 2640 16th St. NW, Washington, DC 20009 (tel. 202-234-3800/3801/3802); the consular annex is at 2224 Wyoming Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20008 (tel. 202-234-3800). Poland has consulates in Chicago, New York City, and Los Angeles.
The Polish economy grew rapidly in the mid-1990s, but growth has slowed considerably in recent years. Growth in the gross domestic product (GDP) accelerated to 3.8% in 2003; although final figures are not yet available, it was expected to increase another 5.5% in 2004. Faster growth has failed to significantly reduce unemployment, which stood at 19.7% in the middle of 2004. Tight monetary policy and dramatic productivity growth have helped temper inflation, which was steady at 0.7% in 2003. Likewise, Poland's current account deficit, which grew rapidly in the late 1990s, fell to 2.0% of GDP in 2003. The budget deficit remains a source of concern though the accelerating economy helped to hold the deficit at an estimated 3.9% of GDP in 2003.
Throughout the 1990s, the United States and other Western countries supported the growth of a free enterprise economy by reducing Poland's foreign debt burden, providing economic aid, and lowering trade barriers. Poland graduated from USAID assistance in 2000. Poland officially joined the EU on May 1, 2004.
Agriculture employs 28.7% of the work force but contributes only 3.4% to the gross domestic product (GDP), reflecting relatively low productivity. Unlike the industrial sector, Poland's agricultural sector remained largely in private hands during the decades of communist rule. Most of the former state farms are now leased to farmer tenants. Lack of credit is hampering efforts to sell former state farmland. Currently, Poland's 2 million private farms occupy 90% of all farmland and account for roughly the same percentage of total agricultural production. These farms are small--8 hectares (ha) on average--and often fragmented. Farms with an area exceeding 15 ha accounted for only 9% of the total number of farms but cover 45% of total agricultural area. Over half of all farming households in Poland produce only for their own needs with little, if any, commercial sales.
Poland is a net exporter of confectionery, processed fruit and vegetables, meat, and dairy products. Processors often rely on imports to supplement domestic supplies of wheat, feed grains, vegetable oil, and protein meals, which are generally insufficient to meet domestic demand. However, Poland is the leading producer in Europe of potatoes and rye and is one of the world's largest producers of sugarbeets. Poland also is a significant producer of rapeseed, grains, hogs, and cattle. Attempts to increase domestic feed grain production are hampered by the short growing season, poor soil, and the small size of farms.
Pressure to restructure the agriculture sector intensified as Poland prepared to accede to the European Union, which is unwilling to subsidize the vast number of subsistence farms that do not produce for the market. The changes in agriculture are likely to strain Poland's social fabric, tearing at the heart of the traditional, family-based small farm as the younger generation drifts toward the cities.
Before World War II, Poland's industrial base was concentrated in the coal, textile, chemical, machinery, iron, and steel sectors. Today it extends to fertilizers, petrochemicals, machine tools, electrical machinery, electronics, and shipbuilding.
Poland's industrial base suffered greatly during World War II, and many resources were directed toward reconstruction. The communist economic system imposed in the late 1940s created large and unwieldy economic structures operated under a tight central command. In part because of this systemic rigidity, the economy performed poorly even in comparison with other economies in central Europe.
In 1990, the Mazowiecki government began a comprehensive reform program to replace the centralized command economy with a market-oriented system. While the results overall have been impressive, many large state-owned industrial enterprises, particularly the railroad and the mining, steel, and defense sectors, have remained resistant to the change and downsizing required to survive in an open market economy.
Economic Reform Program
The economic reforms introduced in 1990 removed price controls, eliminated most subsidies to industry, opened markets to international competition, and imposed strict budgetary and monetary discipline. Poland was the first former centrally planned economy in central Europe to end its recession and return to growth in the early 1990s. Since 1992, the Polish economy has enjoyed an accelerated recovery, although growth has recently slowed. The private sector now accounts for over two-thirds of GDP.
As a result of Poland's growth and investment-friendly climate, the country has received over $65 billion in direct foreign investment since 1990. However, the government continues to play a strong role in the economy, as seen in excessive red tape and the high level of politicization in many business decisions. Investors complain that state regulation is not transparent or predictable; the economy suffers from a lack of competition in many sectors, notably telecommunications. In early 2002, the government announced a new set of economic reforms, designed in many ways to complete the process launched in 1990. The package acknowledges the need to improve Poland's investment climate, particularly the conditions for small and medium-sized enterprises, and better prepare the economy to compete as a European Union (EU) member. The government also aims to improve Poland's public finances to prepare for eventual adoption of the euro.
Foreign Trade
With the collapse of the ruble-based COMECON trading bloc in 1990, Poland scrambled to reorient its trade. As early as 1996, 70% of its trade was with EU-15 members, and neighboring Germany today is Poland's dominant trading partner. Most of Poland's imports are capital goods needed for industrial retooling and for manufacturing inputs, rather than imports for consumption. Therefore, a deficit is expected and should even be regarded as positive at this point. Poland, a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), has been steadily lowering tariffs in line with its WTO and EU commitments. Now that it is a member of the EU, Poland, applies the EU's common external tariff to goods from other countries--including the U.S. Opportunities for trade and investment continue to exist across virtually all sectors. The American Chamber of Commerce in Poland, founded in 1991 with seven members, now has more than 300 members. Strong economic growth potential, a large domestic market, EU membership, and political stability are the top reasons U.S. and other foreign companies do business in Poland.
Poland's top national security goal is to further integrate with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and other west European defense, economic, and political institutions via a modernization and reorganization of its military. Polish military doctrine reflects the same defense nature as its NATO partners.
Poland maintains a sizable armed force currently numbering about 175,343 troops divided among an army of 96,733, an air and defense force of 39,649, and a navy of 15,980. The Ministry of Defense has announced that the armed forces of Poland will number 150,000 by 2006. Poland relies on military conscription for the majority of its personnel strength. All males (with some exceptions) are subject to a 12-month term of military service. The Polish military continues to restructure and to modernize its equipment. The Polish Defense Ministry General Staff and the Land Forces staff have recently reorganized the latter into a NATO-compatible J/G-1 through J/G-6 structure. Budget constraints hamper such priority defense acquisitions as a multi-role fighter, improved communications systems, and an attack helicopter.
Poland continues to be a regional leader in support and participation in the NATO Partnership for Peace Program and has actively engaged most of its neighbors and other regional actors to build stable foundations for future European security arrangements. Poland continues its long record of strong support for UN Peacekeeping Operations by maintaining a unit in Southern Lebanon, a battalion in NATO's Kosovo Force (KFOR), and by providing and actually deploying the KFOR strategic reserve to Kosovo. Polish military forces have served in both Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan and Operation Iraqi Freedom.
Poland assumed command of a multinational division of stabilization forces in Iraq (MDN-CS) on September 3, 2003, contributing 2,400 troops.
Poland became a full member of NATO in March 1999. Poland promoted its NATO candidacy through energetic participation in the Partnership for Peace (PfP) program and through intensified individual dialogue between Poland and NATO. Poland was invited in the first wave of NATO enlargement at the July 1997 NATO Summit in Madrid.
Poland also has forged ahead on its economic integration with the West, joining the EU in May 2004. Previously, it became an associate member of the EU and its defensive arm, the Western European Union, in 1994. In the June 2003 national referendum, the Polish people approved EU accession by an overwhelming margin. Poland achieved full OECD membership in 1996.
Changes since 1989 have redrawn the map of central Europe, and Poland has had to forge relationships with seven new neighbors. Poland has actively pursued good relations with all its neighbors, signing friendship treaties replacing links severed by the collapse of the Warsaw Pact. The Poles have forged special relationships with Lithuania and particularly Ukraine in an effort to firmly anchor these states to the West.
The United States established diplomatic relations with the newly formed Polish Republic in April 1919. After Gomulka came to power in 1956, relations with the United States began to improve. However, during the 1960s, reversion to a policy of full and unquestioning support for Soviet foreign policy objectives and anti-Semitic feelings in Poland caused those relations to stagnate. U.S.-Polish relations improved significantly after Gierek succeeded Gomulka and expressed his interest in improving relations with the United States. A consular agreement was signed in 1972.
In 1974 Gierek was the first Polish leader to visit the United States. This action, among others, demonstrated that both sides wish to facilitate better relations.
The birth of Solidarity in 1980 raised the hope that progress would be made in Poland's external relations as well as in its domestic development. During this time, the United States provided $765 million in agricultural assistance. Human rights and individual freedom issues, however, were not improved upon, and the U.S. revoked Poland's most-favored-nation (MFN) status in response to the Polish Government's decision to ban Solidarity. MFN status was reinstated in 1987, and diplomatic relations were upgraded.
The United States and Poland have enjoyed warm bilateral relations since 1989. Every post-1989 Polish Government has been a strong supporter of continued American military and economic presence in Europe and has identified membership in NATO, the European Union, and other Western security and economic structures as Poland's principal foreign policy priority. Poland served successfully as the Chairman in Office of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) in 1998. It has supported the Global War on Terror, contributed to Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan and been a leader in the coalition in Iraq, where it has deployed some 2,400 troops. Poland cooperates closely with American diplomacy on such issues as nuclear proliferation, human rights, regional cooperation in central and eastern Europe, and UN reform.
Principal U.S. Embassy Officials
Ambassador--Victor Ashe
Deputy Chief of Mission--Cameron Munter
Press and Cultural Affairs Counselor--Edward J. Kulakowski
Political Counselor--Mary Curtin
Economic Counselor--Richard Rorvig
Consul General--Lisa Piascik
Management Counselor--Richard Jaworski
Agricultural Counselor--Wayne Molstad
Defense Attache--Henry Nowak
Principal Officer, Krakow--Ken Fairfax
Counselor for Commercial Affairs--Edgar Fulton
The street address and international mailing address of the U.S. Embassy in Poland is Aleje Ujazdowskie 29/31, 00540 Warsaw, Poland; tel: 48-22-504-2000; fax 48-22-504-2688. The Consulate General in Krakow is at Ulica Stolarska 9, 31-043 Krakow, Poland; tel: 48-12-424-5200; fax: 48-12-424-5100; and a Consular Agency in Poznan is at Ulica Paderewskiego 8, 61-708 Poznan, Poland; tel: 48-61-851-8516; fax: 48-61-851-8966.


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Hi all,
Our customer is using ZCS 5.0.16 NE and they want to use
their own AppBanner/LoginBanner img instead of Zimbra's .
First I thought I can override hotrod skin logo img with replacing
according to the "ZWC 5.0 Themes" document, but it seems there is a documentation bug because hotrod skin uses AppBanner(white) as per bug:20605.
So, if I override these images, I need to put images on the following directory,right?
Actually I made these files and restart mailboxd, but these logos remain
unchanged. So I think I may need to edit skin.properties to override the logo