text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 4, 2006
|Filing date
|Jun 7, 2002
|Priority date
|Jun 8, 2001
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Toshio Nagata, Mitsuhiko Yagyu
|Original Assignee
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Non-Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (9), Classifications (8), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims priority from provisional applications: Ser. No. 60/296,937, filed Jun. 8, 2001.
The invention relates to electronic communications, and more particularly to CDMA-based coding, transmission, and decoding/synthesis methods and circuitry.
Code division multiple access (CDMA) coding has been extensively used in such applications as cellular and satellite communications. CDMA signals increase the spectrum required for the transmission at a particular data rate by modulating each data symbol with a spreading code having a rate larger than the data rate. The same spreading code is used for each data symbol. Typically, the spreading code comprises of a few tens or a few hundreds of elements, called chips. To decrease the correlations among spreading codes assigned to different users, and thereby reduce the interference among different users, the data stream after spreading is typically scrambled with a pseudo-noise (PN) code that is generated serially and cyclically and has a larger period than the spreading code. Examples of such CDMA signal spreading are the schemes used by the IS-95/CDMA2000 and 3GPP systems.
The 3GPP system employs a 3.84 MHz bandwidth (a chip duration of 260 ns), and the spreading code length applied to each data symbol may vary from 4 chips to 256 chips. The number of chips per symbol is the spreading factor (SF), and SF stays constant during a 10 ms duration frame. However, the spreading factor may change from frame to frame. Each frame is partitioned into 15 time slots (0.667 ms duration) with each time slot consisting of 2560 chips, and thus the number of data symbols per slot ranges from 10 to 640 and per frame ranges from 150 to 9600.
3GPP allows for transport channels with differing data rates and formats as specified by the Transport Format Control Indicator (TFCI) field, but 3GPP also allows for omission of the TFCI with instead only a (previously-negotiated) set of possible (candidate) transport block lengths known by the decoder. In this situation a decoder may determine the transport block length by decoding for all possible candidate block lengths and selecting one of the decodings. In particular,
The known method has problems including large trace-back buffers and complex logarithm computation.
Black et al, A 1-Gb/s, Four-State, Sliding Block Viterbi Decoder, 32 IEEE J. Solid State Cir. 797 (1997) describes a Viterbi decoder using a sliding decoding block of length less than the entire block to decode.
The present invention provides a low complexity implementation for blind format detection with a sliding window Viterbi decoding.
The preferred embodiments provide more efficient blind transport format detection.
The drawings are heuristic for clarity.
1. Overview
Some preferred embodiment methods implement blind transport format detection (BTFD) as in 3GPP with a piecewise linear approximation of a logarithm for the reliability measure and other preferred embodiment methods use a windowed decoding.
Preferred embodiment systems include cellular CDMA communication systems where several mobile users communicate with a base station, and the preferred embodiment BTFD methods and decoders are used.
The preferred embodiment methods may be implemented on programmable processors (such as DSP's) or in specialized circuits (ASIC's) or combinations such as system-on-a-chip with attendant analog-digital signal components. The methods could be stored programs in ROM with registers and on-board RAM for temporary data storage.
2. Blind Transport Format Detection
The first preferred embodiment blind transport format detection (BTFD) methods follow the methods of 3GPP BTFD using CRC but with a special approximation for the logarithm function; thus preliminarily consider 3GPP BTFD using CRC. 3GPP has two convolution coders with coding rates � and ⅓ with as illustrated in
For encoding a block of bits, the initial state of a shift register of
All sequences of the possible 256 states and connecting transitions (0/1 inputs and corresponding Y0, Y1, (Y2) outputs) form the code trellis, and a particular sequence of states with connecting transitions forms a path through the trellis. Thus a sequence of information bits input to the encoder (shift register) forms a path through the trellis, and Viterbi decoding the received sequence of sets of soft symbols which correspond to modulation by Y0, Y1 for rate � or Y0, Y1,Y2 for rate ⅓. Viterbi decoding estimates this path as the maximum likelihood path by computing a state metric for each of the 256 states and updating all of these state metrics upon each receipt of a symbol. More particularly, for the rate ⅓ encoder, let metric(i,n) be the state metric for state n at time i, then recalling states n and n+128 each have transitions to states 2n and 2n+1, and presuming an AWGN transmission channel:
metric(i+1,2n)=max{metric(i,n)+Z 0[2Y 0(n,2n)−1]+Z 1[2Y 1(n,2n)−1]+Z 2[2Y 2(n,2n)−1], metric(i,n+128)+Z 0[2Y 0(n+128,2n)−1]+Z 1[2Y 1(n+128,2n)−1]+Z 2[2Y 2(n+128,2n)−1]}
metric(i+1,2n+1)=max{metric(i,n)+Z 0[2Y 0(n,2n+1)−1]+Z 1[2Y 1(n,2n+1)−1]+Z 2[2Y 2(n,2n+1)−1], metric(i,n+128)+Z 0[2Y 0(n+128,2n+1)−1]+Z 1[2Y 1(n+128,2n+1)−1]+Z 2[2Y 2(n+128,2n+1)−1]}
where Yk(n,2n) for k=0,1,2 are the three encoder output bits for a 0 input bit transition from state n to state 2n, Yk(n+128,2n) are the three output bits of the encoder for a 0 input transition from state n+128 to state 2n, and so forth. Note that [2Yk−1] converts the 0,1 of Yk to −1, +1 of the modulation, and the {Z0, Z1, Z2} are the received detected (digitized) analog symbol corresponding to the transmitted output {Y0, Y1, Y2}.
At each transition (time increment) for each state, store in a trace-back buffer one bit of information to indicate which of the two entering transitions (prior states) was selected by the max{}. In particular, at time i+1 for state 2n store a '0' when max{} came from the term metric(i,n)+Z0[2Y0(n,2n)−1]+Z1[2Y1(n,2n)−1]+Z2[2Y2(n,2n)−1] which corresponds to an encoded bit 0, and store a '1' when the max came from the term metric(i,n+128)+Z0[2Y0(n+128,2n)−1]+Z1[2Y1(n+128,2n)−1]+Z2[2Y2(n+128,2n)−1] which corresponds to an encoded bit 1. This requires 256*length N (N received {Z0, Z1, Z2}). At the end of the sequence (path) a trace is carried out from the final state 0 (forced by the termination with tail bits) backwards through the trellis to the initial state 0 as illustrated in
As an alternative to explicitly transmitting TFCI, 3GPP allows for transmission once of a set of possible (candidate) transport block lengths and relies on the receiver to use a blind transport format detection (BTFD) scheme to determine the actual block length.
r(n end)=−10 log 10 ([a 0(n end)−a min(n end)]/[a max(n end)−a min(n end)])
where amax(nend) and amin(nend) are, respectively, the maximum and the minimum path-metric values among all 256 survivor paths at the nend ending of the block, and a0(nend) is the path-metric value of the 0 state at this block end. Note that by using the logarithm of the ratio, the reliability function is independent of the number of bits of accuracy of the state metrics. The method selects the correct, if any, block end nned by using the following rule:
Because the reliability figure r(nend) uses a logarithm, a look up table would be required to avoid introducing software or hardware to evaluate the logarithm function, and the lookup table would have size 8 kbits having 1 k entries (10-bit data) with each entry 8 bits. This size lookup table is a problem.
3. First Preferred Embodiment Blind Transport Format Detections
The first preferred embodiment blind transport format detection methods reduce the complexity of a large lookup table or software implementation for implementation of the logarithm function used in the reliability function
by replacing the large lookup table with a 32-bit table plus a small amount of logic. Indeed, approximate each of the logarithms separately, noting that a constant added to both will cancel out. In particular, let
c=a max −a min
d=a 0 −a min
so r(nend)=−10 log10(d/c)=10 log10c−10 log10d. Suppose amax and amin are 10-bit numbers and let m be a 5-bit positive integer extracted from c such that the first non-zero bit of c corresponds to the MSB of m and the other 4 bits of m are the next 4 bits of c or 0s if the c bits run out. Similarly, extract the 5-bit integer n from d in the same bit locations as m. Hence, to 5 significant bits, d/c=n/m and thus
r(n end)=10 log10 c−10 log10 d≈10 log10 m−10 log10 n.
Note that the number of bits in amax, amin, and a0 can be varied without affecting the 5-bit approximation; in particular, 16-bit amax, amin, and a0 can use the same definitions. Also, note that by definition m has an MSB equal to 1 (so 31≧m≧16) and m≧n≧0. Also, if c=0 (so there is no non-zero bit), then amax=amin=a0 and there is no reliability problem.
Further, changing the base for the logarithm function only introduces a constant multiple but can make the lookup table simple. In particular, express the reliability with logarithms to base b:
and the log10b term can be absorbed into r(nend) and D. Thus use a redefined reliability:
r′(n end)=10 logb m−10 logbn
A first preferred embodiment method picks b so that 10 logb2=16; that is, take b=21/1.6≈1.54 . . . , and so log10b=0.1875 . . . . Then the preferred embodiment approximates the first term 10 logbm of the reliability r′(nend) by the variable t as follows
Similarly, approximate the second term 10 logbn by the variable u as follows:
For example, if amax=1011010011, amin=1001101001, and a0=1010010010, then amax−amin=c=0001101010 (=106), m=11010 (=26), a0−amin=d=0000101001 (=41), and n=01010 (=10). Hence, t=table[26]+26+48=1+26+48=75 and u=table[10]+2*10+32=1+20+32=53. Thus t-u=75−53=22; so the approximated redefined reliability r′(nend)=22. For comparison, the exact result would be
and this agrees with the preferred embodiment approximation:
The foregoing approximation is a piecewise linear approximation to the logarithm with the table as a correction term for the convexity of the logarithm. And
4. Second Preferred Embodiments
Second preferred embodiment methods are analogous to the first preferred embodiment methods but use other than 5-bit approximations in the logarithm. For example, with 4-bit approximation (so the lookup table has 16 bits), the integers m and n are 4 bits and the MSB of m is again the first nonzero bit of c, and n is the 4 bits at the same locations in d. In this case the logarithm approximation would approximate 10 log m by the variable t as follows:
For the same example as in the first preferred embodiment, c (=106) and d (=41) remain the same, but the 4-bit m=13 and 4-bit n=5. Thus t=table[13]+2*13+32=59, u=table[5]+4*5+16=37, and t-u=22, the same as with the first preferred embodiment; so the approximation is the same.
Further, the 4-bit preferred embodiment could also simplify the lookup table by changing the base for the logarithm from b=1.54 . . . to b=(1.54 . . . )2 which will make 10 logb2=8 and change the approximation to:
With this new b, the redefined reliability function r″(nend)=t-u leads to:
And again using the same example, c (=106), d (=41), 4-bit m=13, and 4-bit n=5 all remain the same, but t=table[13]+13+16=30, u=table[5]+2*5+8=19, and t-u=11; so r(nend)=0.375 r″(nend)=(0.375)(11)=4.125, the same as before. In short, the approximation and table can be adjusted to the number of bits of resolution desired.
Analogously, the number of bits in m and n can be greater than 5; this still allows simple logic with an expansion of the lookup table and changes in the base for the logarithm. For example, positive m and n with M bits (in the range 0 to 2M−1) and the logarithm base such that 10 logb2=2M−1, if n is in the range 2j to 2j+1 for a positive integer j, take u=n2M−1−j+(j−1)2M−1+table[n] the approximation of 10 logbn where table[] is a table of size 2M (although the special cases of table[0] is irrelevant because u is taken as large negative and table[1]=0 due to logb1=0 for every base b). Of course, for greater resolution the lookup table could be expanded to 2-bit or larger entries.
5. Trace-Back Windowing Preferred Embodiments
The trace-back windowing preferred embodiments reduce the complexity of foregoing preferred embodiment BTFD methods which use a Viterbi decoding for each of the candidate block sizes to select the correction one. In particular, the trace-back windowing preferred embodiments use sliding windows for the trace backs; this reduces the trace-back buffer size. Indeed, consider a sliding window of size W. If W is sufficiently large, then a path traced back from the state on the end edge of the sliding window with the largest state metric will converge to the path obtained by the normal trace back from state 0 at the block end.
The preferred embodiment sliding window decoding method with window length W and window slides of length d is:
The decoding quality (i.e., comparable to normal trace-back) of the preferred embodiment sliding window method depends upon the window size W and the sliding distance d (or window overlap size W−d). For example,
16 bits are obtained in each of first three trace-backs of 80-bit window sequences and are illustrated as length 16 paths P0, P1, and P2 in
In the sliding window method, once a trace-back is completed for a window of size W, the d decoded (retained) bits will not be influenced by the subsequent decoding process. Decoding of these d bits is complete and fixed. Therefore, the decoded bits for different code lengths vary only within the decoded bits from the last window whose trace back starts at state 0 of the end of the block. In the example of
To decode the input sequence repeatedly, each decoding with one of the 16 different block lengths, then the computational complexity is equivalent to decoding a single sequence of block length Σ0≦j≦15Cj. However, with the sliding window method, decoding complexity can be reduced to C15 (the largest block size) where it is presumed that the state metric calculations and trace back can be done in parallel so that no additional clock cycles are required to conduct the trace back. Note that state metric calculation needs to be done only once for each transition input. Only the initial trace back point varies: either state 0 or the maximum state metric state corresponding to either trace back from block end or from the final edge of the window; as in
metric(i+1,2n)=max{metric(i,n)−a min(i)+Z 0[2Y 0(n,2n)−1]+Z 1[2Y 1(n,2n)−1]+Z 2[2Y 2(n,2n)−1], metric(i,n+128)−a min(i)+Z 0[2Y 0(n+128,2n)−1]+Z 1[2Y 1(n+128,2n)−1]+Z 2[2Y 2(n+128,2n)−1]}
metric(i+1,2n+1)=max{metric(i,n)−a min(i)+Z 0[2Y 0(n,2n+1)−1]+Z 1[2Y 1(n,2n+1)−1]+Z 2[2Y 2(n,2n+1)−1], metric(i,n+128)−a min(i)+Z 0[2Y 0(n+128,2n+1)−1]+Z 1[2Y 1(n+128,2n+1)−1]+Z 2[2Y 2(n+128,2n+1)−1]}
where amin(i) is the minimum metric at time i. This subtraction is beneficial to prevent overflow and to simplify the reliability calculation for r(nend).
The information of path selection for one input data (one transition) requires 256 bits. The sliding window size and the window overlap size are assumed to be 80 and 64, respectively. 16 decoded bits are obtained from a 80-bit traced-back sequence. The required size of the trace back buffer is 80�256 bits. With an additional 256-bit storage to realize a ring buffer, the size becomes 81�256 bits=1296�16 bits, so use a 1296�16 bit RAM for the trace back buffer (see
After state metric calculation for the first 80 received symbols, the trace back buffer is filled up and ready for tracing back. After this first trace back, the trace back buffer becomes ready at the completion of every 16 transitions (256�16 state metric calculations). There are two types of trace back operations: (1) when the data comes to the edge of the sliding window (see
If there are several decoded sequences whose CRC checks indicate no error, then a sequence with the smallest reliability figure is selected. If all sequences cannot pass the CRC check, then reliability figures of all sequences are compared and a sequence with the smallest reliability figure is selected.
|Cited Patent
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|Variable-Rate Data Transmission with Blind Rate Detection for Coherent DS-CDMA Mobile Radio; IEICE Trans. Commun., vol. ES1-B., No. 7, Jul. 1998, pp. 1365-1372.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 12, 2002
|Dec 9, 2008
|Agere Systems Inc.
|System and method for one-pass blind transport format detection
|Nov 7, 2003
|Jan 5, 2010
|Mstar Semiconductor, Inc.
|Format detection
|May 20, 2003
|Feb 16, 2010
|Mediatek Inc.
|Blind transport format detection for transmission link
|Oct 23, 2012
|Alcatel Lucent
|Block size detection for MPSK signaling
|Jan 28, 2014
|Oct 13, 2015
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Methods and systems for PDCCH blind decoding in mobile communications
|Apr 22, 2002
|Oct 23, 2003
|Walid Ahmed
|Block size detection for MPSK signaling
|Nov 12, 2002
|May 13, 2004
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|System and method for one-pass blind transport format detection
|May 20, 2003
|Jun 1, 2006
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|Blind transport format detection for transmission link
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|Jul 6, 2006
|Cyril Valadon
|Format detection
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 4, 2005
Owner name: TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED, TEXAS
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'Finding Nemo,' Female Vocalists
- Performs on dates TBD at the Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando, FL.
- Auditions: Jun 20 in Kissimmee, FL
Seeking female musical theater performers of all ethnicities to portray a few principal and ensemble roles for "Finding Nemo, the Musical," an original musical theater production based on the Disney-Pixar hit animated feature.
Posted: Friday
'Finding Nemo,' Male Vocalists
- Performs on dates TBD at the Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando, FL.
- Auditions: Jun 17 in Kissimmee, FL
Seeking male musical theater performers of all ethnicities to portray a few principal and ensemble roles for "Finding Nemo, the Musical," an original musical theater production based on the Disney-Pixar hit animated feature.
Posted: Friday
Citibabes, Toddler Art Teacher and Certified Teachers, Part-Time
- Flexible start date--summer or fall--in NYC.
- Seeking submissions from: New York, NY
Seeking an art teacher for toddlers ages 1-5 and a certified preschool teacher three to five days a week for CitiSchool at Citibabes. Art teacher should have a background in the arts or experience teaching children's art classes. Preschool teacher must hold or be working towards a certification in Early ...
Posted: Friday
'The Apple and Other Slip-Ups'
- Rehearsals begin Sept. 5; runs Sept. 23-Oct. 9 (weekends) in Pleasantville, NY.
- Auditions: Jun 13 in New York, NY
Seeking Equity actors for two roles--one man, one woman--in "The Apple and Other Slip-Ups." Synopsis: "The Apple" depicts ten important women in history--real and imaginary--beginning with the mother of all slip-ups: Eve and her Forbidden Fruit. The musical travels forward through time, showing key moments from the lives of such ...
Posted: Friday
ACTION Talent Group, New Faces
- Ongoing representation. Emphasis on Fargo/Moorhead and Upper Great Plains region.
- Seeking submissions from: Minneapolis, MN; Fargo, ND; Moorhead, MN; Grand Forks, ND; Aberdeen, SD; Jamestown, ND; Detroit Lakes, MN; Sioux Falls, SD
Seeking actors, models, and singers seeking representation, especially in Fargo/Moorhead and upper Great Plains areas for ACTION Talent Group, a comprehensive, far-reaching, and professional talent and entertainment agency in the Midwest.
Posted: Friday
- Rehearsals begin Aug. 30; tech rehearsal Sept. 23; previews begin Sept. 30; runs Oct. 5-30 in Seattle, WA.
- Auditions: Jun 7, 8 in New York, NY
Casting "A Raisin in the Sun," a play.
Posted: Friday
Miss Planetary International 2017
- 2017 International Pageant will be held June 11-17 in Las Vegas, NV.
- Seeking submissions nationwide/worldwide
Seeking applicants for The 2017 Miss Planetary International pageant casting call. Pageant Director states: "Miss Planetary, an international beauty pageant focusing on bringing awareness to global issues and causes, as well as promoting charitability among today's females, seeks teens (ages 13 to 17 of any height or weight) and women ...


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Stena Line plans to celebrate National Ferry Fortnight by offering 15 per cent off bookings to Holland
Stena Line, the leading ferry operator, has announced it will be offering 15 per cent off bookings made between 14 and 28 May 2011, for travel completed by 8 January 2012 to mark the Passenger Shipping Association's third annual National Ferry Fortnight.
The offer is valid for all vehicle types, "dutchflyer" (rail and sail) and foot passenger bookings, as well as all elements of booking from cabins to pre-booked meals and Stena Plus lounge access.
The 15% discount on travel to Holland offer means a family of four (two adults, two children aged four to 15) can save £24.90 on the lead-in price for a return crossing to Holland with their car and includes unlimited luggage allowance.
The same family would save £35.10 for a return to take Stena Line's "dutchflyer" (rail and sail) option, which includes rail travel from any National Express East Anglia station to any NS rail station within the Netherlands.
The offer includes travel on the two largest Superferries in the world, the Stena Hollandica and Stena Britannica, which launched in May and October respectively last year. Departing twice daily, crossings with Stena Line from Harwich to the Hook of Holland take approximately 6.5 hours with a choice of day or night sailings in each direction.
National Ferry Fortnight has been arranged by the Passenger Shipping Association to help consumers learn about the investments that ferry companies make in order to improve the travelling services for passengers. It also celebrates the benefits of traveling by ferry, highlighting the unlimited luggage allowance, onboard space and facilities and absence of surcharges, lengthy pre-departure check-in times, taxes and queues. The fortnight runs from 14th May till the 18th of May 2011.
Source: http://www.stenaline.co.uk
Maritime Today
The Maritime Industry's original and most viewed E-News Service
Quintiq, a Dassault Systèmes company, announced that Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. has selected its software solution to optimize the assignment of more than 80,
The prison sentence against the former captain of the Costa Concordia cruise liner for his role in the deadly 2012 shipwreck was upheld on Tuesday by an Italian court.
Greek port workers walked off the job for a sixth day on Tuesday and marched through central Athens to protest the state-sanctioned selloff of the country's two largest ports,


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Zola: Conte needs to speak good EnglishRumour Rater: Bonucci to join Conte? (2:20) ESPN FC's Alexis Nunes and Brian McBride discuss the latest transfer rumours, including Leonardo Bonucci to Chelsea. (2:20) 8:10 AM GMT Ben Gladwell Gianfranco Zola has warned that incoming ... ESPN.co.uk, 1 month ago
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No problem with Juventus for not releasing Bonucci: Italy coach Conte
Italy coach Antonio Conte has said he has "no problems" with champion club Juventus, despite them not releasing defender Leonardo Bonucci.Conte named a training squad this week, but omitted players from AC Milan and Juventus as they contest the Coppa Italia ...Prokerala, 1 week ago
Worst Juventus performance: Defender Bonucci
Defender Leonardo Bonucci has admitted that "it was the worst performance since I've been at Juventus" after they lost 0-3 to Inter Milan in the second leg of the Coppa Italia semi-final before securing a 5-3 win via penalty shoot-out at the San Siro ...Prokerala, 2 months ago
Juventus celebrate Serie A title with 2-0 win over Carpi
Juventus' defender Leonardo Bonucci (2nd R) fights for the ball with Carpi's defender Simone Romagnoli (R) during the Italian Serie A football match Juventus Vs Carpi on May 1, 2016 at the "Juventus Stadium" in Turin. (MARCO BERTORELLO / AFP) ...China Daily Asia, 4 weeks ago Serie A: Juventus party as Napoli finish 2nd ESPN.co.uk, 2 weeks ago Juventus celebrate Serie A title as Gonzalo Higuain's Napoli finish second ESPN Soccernet, 2 weeks ago Juve celebrates in style Saudi Gazette, 2 weeks ago
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Chelsea have been given a huge boost in the signing of Antonio Conte's former teammate Leonardo Bonucci , Daily Mirror reports. Juventus have told the player is not for sale, but despite that the player has refused to commit his future to the ...Equilibrio Informativo, 1 month ago Football transfer rumours: Chelsea to sign Mkhitaryan and Bonucci? Kazinform, 1 month ago Chelsea chasing Dortmund's Henrikh Mkhitaryan, Juve's Leonardo Bonucci ESPN Soccernet, 1 month ago Chelsea's Leonardo Bonucci transfer hopes boosted as they eye Dortmund star Henrikh Mkhitaryan Irish Mirror, 1 month ago
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International 2 hours ago Barclays Premier League 19 hours ago Barclays Premier League 19 hours ago Barclays Premier League 19 hours ago Barclays Premier League 20 hours ago Barclays Premier League 1ESPN Soccernet, 1 month ago Premier League rumours: Leonardo Bonucci wanted by new Chelsea boss Antonio Conte Breaking News.ie, 1 month ago
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"It [the State] has taken on a vast mass of new duties and responsibilities; it has spread out its powers until they penetrate to every act of the citizen, however secret; it has begun to throw around its operations the high dignity and impeccability of a State religion; its agents become a separate and superior caste, with authority to bind and loose, and their thumbs in every pot. But it still remains, as it was in the beginning, the common enemy of all well-disposed, industrious and decent men." ~ H.L. Mencken
Pay Bone-Marrow Donors? Give it a Shot
Submitted by Don Stacy on Tue, 2011-03-08 04:00
Opinion by John Wagner MD from the Los Angeles Times.
Your rating: None Average: 10 (1 vote)
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rita, posted on March 08, 2011
The law against compenstaing donors is yet another example (as if we needed ANOTHER example) of deadly government interference disguised as "protection." Even if we assume that these laws were passed with the best of intentions (and that's a big assumption) it must be clear by now that they are doing harm. But one thing you can say for American politicians -- they never back down, never admit mistakes, never, ever, repeal a law, regardless of the cost in human suffering.
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Anthony 'Rumble' Johnson was forced out of his fight against Nate Marquardt at UFC on Versus 4 due to a shoulder injury suffered in training.
Johnson's manager Glenn Robinson of Authentic Sports Management confirmed the injury to MMAWeekly.com on Thursday.
The UFC announced that Johnson was forced out of the fight due to injury and that Rick Story would step in to replace 'Rumble' on the June 26 card.
According to Robinson, Johnson was rolling on the mat with a teammate when his arm got jammed up into his shoulder. Immediately, Johnson felt the pain and was unable to move his arm much after the initial injury.
Johnson went to the doctor and after undergoing an MRI, physicians revealed no tears or major damage and that he would not have to have surgery to repair anything in his shoulder.
The bad news however is that Johnson only had about 20 to 30% movement in his left arm, and he was forced to call UFC matchmaker Joe Silva and inform him that he'd be unable to fight.
Despite the injury, Johnson did his best to power through and still wanted to fight, but the shoulder limited his range of motion so badly he literally would have been fighting with one arm.
Johnson will rest the arm with no training for the next 2 to 3 weeks and then go back to the doctor to be re-evaluted to see if he can resume his training and then get a new fight.
Robinson says that Johnson is highly motivated and will fight the biggest name possible when he's healthy and the UFC is ready to put him back to work.
Damon Martin is the lead staff writer and radio host for MMAWeekly.com.
Follow @DamonMartin on Twitter or e-mail Damon a question or comment.
Follow MMAWeekly.com on Twitter and Facebook.
An injury has forced Julia Budd to withdraw from her inaugural Bellator women's featherweight championship bout against Marloes Coenen at Bellator 155. read news >>
Former UFC middleweight champion Anderson Silva has been forced to pull out of his UFC 198 bout with Uriah Hall. read news >>
Former middleweight champion Anderson Silva revealed a photo of the aftermath of the gallbladder surgery that forced him out of UFC 198. read news >>
Ronaldo "Jacare" Souza should have been the one to get the call to step in and challenge Luke Rockhold at UFC 199, but that wasn't an option. read news >>
Michael Bisping is stepping in for the injured Chris Weidman to face champion Luke Rockhold for the middleweight championship at UFC 199 in Los Angeles on June 4. read news >>
Finally bouncing back from an ACL injury, Georgi Karakhanyan wants to stay busy starting with Bellator 155 on Friday night. read news >>
Former UFC middleweight champion Anderson Silva will not participate in UFC 198 on Saturday. On Tuesday, Kevin Iole of Yahoo Sports cited UFC President Dana White in reporting that Silva will not fig read news >>
Former UFC middleweight champion Anderson Silva underwent successful gall bladder surgery Wednesday morning, his manager told MMAWeekly.com. read news >>
Dana White joined Colin Cowherd to breakdown all the fast moving UFC news, from the possible sale of the UFC, Anderson Silva's surgery, record crowds in Brazil, and more. read news >>
Wanderlei Silva was hit by a car on Wednesday and may require surgery. read news >>


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Looking at the matchups and thinking about the pace No. 3 Indiana plays with, especially at home at Assembly Hall, the man in charge of the Wolverines might be tacking on a few more years and gray hairs thanks to this game alone.
"Their last five games, they haven't dropped off at all from their prior 15," said Coach Beilein. "They are playing at a high level. You like our numbers. Their numbers are better than our numbers."
Five Hoosiers average double figure points, including sixth man Will Sheehey, who provides energy, hustle and outside shooting off the bench.
Look deeper into the numbers and it's easy to see why Indiana is enjoying the success they are at 19-2 overall, 7-1 in the Big Ten. The Hoosiers are knocking down field goals at a 50 percent clip for the year while opponents are shooting just 37 percent from the field. Not to mention that, as a team, Indiana comes in averaging 84 points per game.
Coming into the season the focus lay on the shoulders of sophomore center Cody Zeller, deemed to already be a top five pick in the 2013 NBA draft. But as of late, the energizer bunny triggering the Hoosiers is junior guard Victor Oladipo who's causing headaches for the opposition trying to defend them.
"Cody's one thing, it's the surrounding cast that helps you make decisions on how you're going to play him," said Beilein. "It's not like you throw it in there and he's got a bunch of stiffs running around him. He's got a great team around him. So how much attention you pay to him, how you front him -- what you do all has a lot to do with their game plan and has a lot to do with the supporting cast and how people are playing."
Beilein wouldn't definitively say junior center Jordan Morgan would be out for Saturday night's primetime matchup with Indiana. Actually, Beilein left the option of Morgan playing sparingly off the bench open for discussion. Regardless, Jon Horford and Mitch McGary will have to step up for the Wolverines, as they probably will be forced to play in one on one scenarios.
To watch video of Beilein, press play below.
Morgan Or Not, Zeller, IU a Handful (w/video)
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Bowen grateful for his new Minnesota offerSouth Carolina defensive end Davonne Bowen is grateful for his new offer from a Big Ten school in Minnesota, and he talks about his recruiting with GopherDigest.
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|By PR Newswire
Article Rating:
|April 21, 2014 09:00 AM EDT
LAKE FOREST, Calif., April 21, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- Quantum Fuel Systems Technologies Worldwide, Inc. (NASDAQ: QTWW), a global leader in natural gas storage systems, integration and vehicle system technologies, today announced the recent introduction of a new Q-lite tank system for light-duty vehicles engaged in the service industry. Quantum has received initial orders for this system from separate customers including Kwik-Trip and Ledcor Construction.
According to the ShowTimes March issue, there were approximately 10,000 light duty natural gas vehicles either new or retrofitted in 2013. The service industry with companies like Kwik-Trip, Ledcor Construction and several other service oriented fleets, have identified methods to reduce their carbon foot-print and have started to gain economic incentive with the use of these compressed natural gas vehicles.
"The service industry is taking advantage of short distance city routes and the existing CNG infrastructure already made available on these routes," said Mr. Brian Olson, President and CEO of Quantum. "Quantum's technology and product portfolio can be easily adopted across multiple vehicle platforms and sizes and we will remain very active in leveraging our technologies into the full vehicle landscape," continued Mr. Olson.
About Quantum: Quantum Fuel Systems Technologies Worldwide, Inc. is a leader in the innovation, development and production of natural gas fuel storage systems and the integration of vehicle system technologies including engine and vehicle control systems and drivetrains. Quantum produces one of the most innovative, advanced, and light‐weight compressed natural gas storage tanks in the world and supplies these tanks, in addition to fully‐integrated natural gas storage systems, to truck and automotive OEMs and aftermarket and OEM truck integrators. Quantum provides low emission and fast‐to‐market solutions to support the integration and production of natural gas fuel and storage systems, hybrid, fuel cell, and specialty vehicles, as well as modular, transportable hydrogen refueling stations. Quantum is headquartered in Lake Forest, California, and has operations and affiliations in the United States, Canada, and India.
Forward Looking Statements: This press release contains forward looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements included in this report, other than those that are historical, are forward looking statements and can generally be identified by words such as "may," "could," "will," "should," "assume," "expect," "anticipate," "plan," "intend," "believe," "predict," "estimate," "forecast," "outlook," "potential," or "continue," or the negative of these terms, and other comparable terminology. Various risks and other factors could cause actual results, and actual events that occur, to differ materially from those contemplated by the forward looking statements. Risk factors include the growth of the CNG market and acceptance of the Company's product. The Company undertakes no obligation to update the information in this press release to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events.
More information about the products and services of Quantum can be found at http://www.qtww.com/ or you may contact:
Quantum Investor Relations
Phone: 949-399-4555
Email: [email protected]
SOURCE Quantum Fuel Systems Technologies Worldwide, Inc.
Agile teams report the lowest rate of measuring non-functional requirements. What does this mean for the evolution of quality in this era of Continuous Everything? To explore how the rise of SDLC acceleration trends such as Agile, DevOps, and Continuous Delivery are impacting software quality, Parasoft conducted a survey about measuring and monitoring non-functional requirements (NFRs). Here's a glimpse at what we discovered and what it means for the evolution of quality in this era of Continuo...
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Join us at Cloud Expo | @ThingsExpo 2016 – June 7-9 at the Javits Center in New York City and November 1-3 at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA – and deliver your unique message in a way that is striking and unforgettable by taking advantage of SYS-CON's unmatched high-impact, result-driven event / media packages.
May. 29, 2016 10:00 AM EDT Reads: 2,498
SYS-CON Events announced today that BMC Software has been named "Siver Sponsor" of SYS-CON's 18th Cloud Expo, which will take place on June 7-9, 2015 at the Javits Center in New York, New York. BMC is a global leader in innovative software solutions that help businesses transform into digital enterprises for the ultimate competitive advantage. BMC Digital Enterprise Management is a set of innovative IT solutions designed to make digital business fast, seamless, and optimized from mainframe to mo...
May. 29, 2016 09:30 AM EDT Reads: 2,304
In the rush to compete in the digital age, a successful digital transformation is essential, but many organizations are setting themselves up for failure. There's a common misconception that the process is just about technology, but it's not. It's about your business. It shouldn't be treated as an isolated IT project; it should be driven by business needs with the committed involvement of a range of stakeholders.
May. 29, 2016 08:15 AM EDT Reads: 2,655
SoftLayer operates a global cloud infrastructure platform built for Internet scale. With a global footprint of data centers and network points of presence, SoftLayer provides infrastructure as a service to leading-edge customers ranging from Web startups to global enterprises. SoftLayer's modular architecture, full-featured API, and sophisticated automation provide unparalleled performance and control. Its flexible unified platform seamlessly spans physical and virtual devices linked via a world...
May. 29, 2016 07:00 AM EDT Reads: 2,298
SYS-CON Events announced today that Alert Logic, Inc., the leading provider of Security-as-a-Service solutions for the cloud, will exhibit at SYS-CON's 18th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on June 7-9, 2016, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. Alert Logic, Inc., provides Security-as-a-Service for on-premises, cloud, and hybrid infrastructures, delivering deep security insight and continuous protection for customers at a lower cost than traditional security solutions. Ful...
May. 29, 2016 06:45 AM EDT Reads: 2,948
When I talk about driving innovation with self-organizing teams, I emphasize that such self-organization includes expecting the participants to organize their own teams, give themselves their own goals, and determine for themselves how to measure their success. In contrast, the definition of skunkworks points out that members of such teams are "usually specially selected." Good thing he added the word usually – because specially selecting such teams throws a wrench in the entire works, limiting...
May. 29, 2016 06:30 AM EDT Reads: 1,625
Automation is a critical component of DevOps and Continuous Delivery. This morning on #c9d9 we discussed CD Automation and how you can apply Automation to accelerate release cycles, improve quality, safety and governance? What is the difference between Automation and Orchestration? Where should you begin your journey to introduce both?
May. 29, 2016 06:15 AM EDT Reads: 1,445
SYS-CON Events announced today TechTarget has been named "Media Sponsor" of SYS-CON's 18th International Cloud Expo, which will take place on June 7–9, 2016, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY, and the 19th International Cloud Expo, which will take place on November 1–3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. TechTarget is the Web's leading destination for serious technology buyers researching and making enterprise technology decisions. Its extensive global networ...
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SYS-CON Events announced today that Commvault, a global leader in enterprise data protection and information management, has been named "Bronze Sponsor" of SYS-CON's 18th International Cloud Expo, which will take place on June 7–9, 2016, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY, and the 19th International Cloud Expo, which will take place on November 1–3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. Commvault is a leading provider of data protection and information management...
May. 29, 2016 04:30 AM EDT Reads: 3,254
Many banks and financial institutions are experimenting with containers in development environments, but when will they move into production? Containers are seen as the key to achieving the ultimate in information technology flexibility and agility. Containers work on both public and private clouds, and make it easy to build and deploy applications. The challenge for regulated industries is the cost and complexity of container security compliance. VM security compliance is already challenging, ...
May. 29, 2016 02:30 AM EDT Reads: 1,360
SYS-CON Events announced today that Tintri Inc., a leading producer of VM-aware storage (VAS) for virtualization and cloud environments, will exhibit at the 18th International CloudExpo®, which will take place on June 7-9, 2016, at the Javits Center in New York City, New York, and the 19th International Cloud Expo, which will take place on November 1–3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA.
May. 29, 2016 01:30 AM EDT Reads: 2,488
A strange thing is happening along the way to the Internet of Things, namely far too many devices to work with and manage. It has become clear that we'll need much higher efficiency user experiences that can allow us to more easily and scalably work with the thousands of devices that will soon be in each of our lives. Enter the conversational interface revolution, combining bots we can literally talk with, gesture to, and even direct with our thoughts, with embedded artificial intelligence, wh...
May. 29, 2016 12:45 AM EDT Reads: 2,058
Application development and delivery methods have undergone radical changes in recent years to improve scalability and resiliency. Container images are the new build and deployment artifacts that are used to ship and run software. While startups have long been comfortable experimenting with and embracing new technologies, even large enterprises are now re-architecting their software systems so that they can benefit from container-enabled micro services architectures. With the launch of DC/OS, w...
May. 29, 2016 12:30 AM EDT Reads: 1,499
You might already know them from theagileadmin.com, but let me introduce you to two of the leading minds in the Rugged DevOps movement: James Wickett and Ernest Mueller. Both James and Ernest are active leaders in the DevOps space, in addition to helping organize events such as DevOpsDays Austinand LASCON. Our conversation covered a lot of bases from the founding of Rugged DevOps to aligning organizational silos to lessons learned from W. Edwards Demings.
May. 29, 2016 12:15 AM EDT Reads: 1,516
Just last week a senior Hybris consultant shared the story of a customer engagement on which he was working. This customer had problems, serious problems. We're talking about response times far beyond the most liberal acceptable standard. They were unable to solve the issue in their eCommerce platform – specifically Hybris. Although the eCommerce project was delivered by a system integrator / implementation partner, the vendor still gets involved when things go really wrong. After all, the vendo...
May. 28, 2016 11:15 PM EDT Reads: 1,518
SYS-CON Events announced today that EastBanc Technologies will exhibit at SYS-CON's 18th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on June 7-9, 2016, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. EastBanc Technologies has been working at the frontier of technology since 1999. Today, the firm provides full-lifecycle software development delivering flexible technology solutions that seamlessly integrate with existing systems – whether on premise or cloud. EastBanc Technologies partners with p...
May. 28, 2016 11:00 PM EDT Reads: 2,386
SYS-CON Events announced today that AppNeta, the leader in performance insight for business-critical web applications, will exhibit and present at SYS-CON's @DevOpsSummit at Cloud Expo New York, which will take place on June 7-9, 2016, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. AppNeta is the only application performance monitoring (APM) company to provide solutions for all applications – applications you develop internally, business-critical SaaS applications you use and the networks that deli...
May. 28, 2016 10:00 PM EDT Reads: 2,589
While there has been much ado about interoperability, there are still no real solutions, same as last year and the year before that. The large EHR vendors who continue to dominate the market still maintain that interoperability is all but solved, still can't connect EHRs across the continuum causing frustration by providers and a disservice to patients. The ONC pays lip service to the problem, but that is about it. It is time for the healthcare industry to consider alternatives like middleware w...
May. 28, 2016 08:45 PM EDT Reads: 1,714
I have an article in the recently released "DZone Guide to Building and Deploying Applications on the Cloud" entitled "Fullstack Engineering in the Age of Hybrid Cloud". In this article I discuss the need and skills of a Fullstack Engineer with relation to troubleshooting and repairing complex, distributed hybrid cloud applications. My recent experiences with troubleshooting issues with my Docker WordPress container only reinforce the details I wrote about in this piece. Without my comprehensive...
May. 28, 2016 07:15 PM EDT Reads: 1,960


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2 Reviews
Great recipe! I used about half of everything and a little more pasta, but not because it was necessary. First time I made mac 'n cheese and it's great! Thanks!
This was an easy and good mac & cheese. Super simple and tasty. Both my grandson and I liked this. Thanks SarahCKS for a nice meal. Made for Fall PAC 2012.


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Did Tax Increases or Spending Cuts Spur Greater Growth in Europe?
European countries that enacted large deficit reductions in recent years had no choice. But they did have the choice of how to reduce deficits: through raising taxes or cutting spending. Those that emphasized spending cuts had higher economic growth than those that raised taxes the most.
In a Heritage Foundation report published Friday, colleagues and I analyzed data on fiscal policy in Europe since 2007. Two facts about austerity stand out. First, large deficit reductions were not enacted in the absence of market pressure, which in turn was highly correlated with structural deficit. Second, the mix of tax increases and spending cuts in the austerity package was unrelated to its size. Large deficit cuts were generally forced on countries by the market, but the method was a policy choice.
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Growth results differed a lot, and there is substantial uncertainty in the estimates. But taking the average, a country that chose an approach of 80% tax increase and 20% spending cut had 3% less growth in gross domestic product than a country that chose 20% tax increases and 80% spending cuts.
One episode is never dispositive, but the superior performance of those countries that chose spending cuts confirms what studies of previous eras have found: Tax increases are much more damaging to economic growth than spending cuts.
Salim Furth is senior policy analyst in macroeconomics at the Heritage Foundation's Center for Data Analysis. He is on Twitter: @salimfurth.
The Truth About Budget Austerity After the Financial Crisis
Get more from Capitol Hill, first thing in the morning, by signing up for the Capital Journal Daybreak newsletter: on.wsj.com/CapitalJournalSignup


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Honeywell Upgrades Building Management System
Honeywell has updated its building management system Enterprise Buildings Integrator (EBI) by simplifying setup, scheduling and control.
The latest version of EBI addresses the growing trend for building automated systems to be merged and managed across the enterprise network, providing a more comprehensive view of all equipment and activity.
The recent upgrades to EBI include:
- Improved integration. EBI is now compatible with many common Web services to provide facility managers and IT staff with new ways to customize building systems.
- Increased efficiency. Facility managers can program and coordinate facility-wide systems – including HVAC, lighting, security and life safety – faster, using the revamped automation engine and scheduling.
- Enhanced mobility. Operators can continue to use smartphones for remote access and management, but can now implement tablet-based connectivity.
- Intuitive interface. While the basic layout and navigation remain, the new software incorporates features common to consumer applications, such as drag-and-drop interaction, to make tasks and training easier.
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The first in Caroline Lawrence's internationally bestselling Roman Mysteries series, re-issued with a fantastic new cover look. Flavia Gemina is a natural at solving mysteries. The daughter of a ship's captain living in Ostia, the port of Rome, in AD79, she and her three friends, Jonathan, a Jewish boy (and secretly a Christian); Nubia, an African slave girl; and Lupus, a mute beggar boy, must work together to discover who is beheading the watchdogs that guard people's homes, and why. A talented storyteller, Caroline Lawrence has created a delightfully readable and accessible series that children will want to read time and time again.
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|Publication date
|1 Apr 2002
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Brookfield Central couldn't cash in on several chances to score Thursday night at home, so an underdog Brookfield East team took the Lancers through two overtimes and won a 4-2 shootout to advance to Saturday's sectional finals, one game away from the state tournament.
The Lancers missed two decent scoring chances in the first half and the match was scoreless at halftime.
The Lancers best chance to score came at the 69 minute mark when Sarah Baker kicked a great lead pass to Bella Turelli, who zoned in on the ball as East freshman goalkeeper Rachel Novak raced to cut down the angle and then made an amazing save to knock the ball away to the left about 10 yards in front of the net.
Central goalkeeper Rachel Oleson made a good save with 3:41 into the first overtime and then East missed a shot in the final seconds. Central then missed two more shots in the second overtime sending the game into a shootout.
Baker made her first shot for the Lancers, but Lauren Knudson tied it for East. Lydia Rohde scored the second goal for Central but East's Kellie Goodman countered.
Then the turning point of the shootout came when Morgan Kenny kicked the ball over the top of the net and East's Jackie Wandt drilled in a shot to give East a 3-2 lead. BC's Sierra High then drilled a shot to Novak's left and the 5-foot-5 inch freshman made a great save.
When Shannon Cashion stepped up and drilled in a shot into the left net, East (7-9-4) pulled off a huge upset over Central (17-5-2).
The Spartans will now face a heavily-favored DSHA (16-4-2), which nipped Wauwatosa East 1-0 in overtime, on Saturday at 3 p.m. at Central.
The Dashers whipped East, 4-1, in their first meeting.
The Spartans lost star senior Taylor Swittel with an arm injury in the first half.
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- Girls Track and Field: Brookfield East girls win GMC Outdoor title
- Boys Tennis: Brookfield Central boys tennis team finishes third in GMC Tournament


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The Baltic Exchange Ltd. entered into exclusive talks with the Singapore Exchange Ltd., following an "attractive" proposal from the Asian bourse.
The inland river port handled 180,328 tons of waterborne cargo in April, a 23 percent year-over-year increase, the port said.
Strong language is often needed to advocate for a position, but now that progress is being made on container weight verification, people should choose their words more carefully.
Registration takes less than 1 minute.
Sluggish global trade and the recession in China resulted in a nearly non-existent peak shipping last year, and from the looks of things 2016 isn't shaping up to be much better, according to the latest World Liner Supply Report from BlueWater Reporting.
The U.S. Coast Guard bulletin regarding compliance with the International Maritime Organization's verified gross mass requirement "seems to allow for more flexibility," says Federal Maritime Commission Chairman Mario Cordero.
Absence of balanced SOLAS enforcement will lead to competition distortion and significant interruption to supply chains, European logistics organizations warn.


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A selection of photographs from around the world by Age Picture Editor Leigh Henningham.
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Pauly Kover was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio, but for the past decade, has call Las Vegas his home. He attended Catholic school as a child where he learned how to tie a tie and was raised in musical theater where he learned how to be a goof for attention.
In 1991, Pauly discovered the world of pro wrestling / sports entertainment while watching WWE. The same year, he starred in his first TV commercial for Geauga Lake Amusement Park in Ohio. 1992, it was radio with Howard Stern that inspired him to really get into entertainment. Through hard work and …some education, TODAY Pauly is a CBS Radio Host for X107.5's X-Effect specialty show which introduces the audience to the best New & Local talent. On top of that, he is TV Host for the Las Vegas based Future Stars of Wrestling, the fastest growing independent sports entertainment promotion in the country.
Pauly Fact: He washes his hands before AND after he does anything.
The Beatdown – Champion Switchfoot vs Run River North – VOTE NOW UNTIL 9AM HERE!
YOU choose the New Music on X107.5 by VOTING!
AJ Styles Calls Pauly On His Birthday To Talk About WWE Coming Back To Las Vegas!
Listen all week to WIN TICKETS & qualify to sit RINGSIDE w/ Pauly!
REMATCH in The Beatdown – Switchfoot vs Beware Of Darkness – RESULTS HERE!
A rematch from last week, but will we see the same results? That's up to YOU!
The X-Effect Playlist: 10pm – Midnight – 05/22/2016
2 Hours of New Music & Local Artists every Sunday Night!
3-Way Redemption Weekend in The Beatdown – All Time Low vs DJ Shadow vs Beware Of Darkness – RESULTS HERE!
These 3 new songs may have lost, but 1 will get Redemption, thanks to you… GO VOTE!
The Beatdown – NEW Champion Switchfoot vs All Time Low – RESULTS HERE!
1st Title defense for Switchfoot. Can they survive All Time Low? Who gets YOUR VOTE?!?
Crown a NEW CHAMPION in The Beatdown – Switchfoot vs Beware Of Darkness – RESULTS HERE!
You get to pick the NEW CHAMPION by voting for the New Music!
#FSWLive Wrestling This Friday at Silverton Casino w/ Matt Hardy, Kevin Kross, Eli Drake, Disco Inferno & More!
Pauly Kover takes off the X107.5 T-shirt & puts on the dress shirt & tie to be Commissioner for the Las Vegas based Future Stars of Wrestling.
Support The Las Vegas Hard Rock Rising Finalists June 1st At Hard Rock Cafe!
See what bands will move on to represent Las Vegas.
The Beatdown – Champion Echo Park Social Club vs DJ Shadow ft Run The Jewels – RESULTS HERE!
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Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are forms of corporate restructuring that are becoming increasingly popular in the modern business environment. The motive for wanting to merge with or acquire another company comes from management trying to achieve better synergy within the organization. This synergy is thought to increase the competitiveness and efficiency of the company.
Mergers usually occur between companies of equal size that believe that a newly-formed company will compete better than the separate companies can on their own. Mergers usually occur on an all-stock basis. This means that the shareholders of both merging companies are given the same value of shares in the new company that they previously owned. Therefore, if a shareholder owns $10,000 worth of shares before the merger, he or she will own $10,000 in shares after the merger. The number of shares owned will change following the merger, but the value of those shares remains the same.
However, mergers are rarely a true "merger of equals". More often, one company indirectly purchases another company and allows the target company to call it a merger in order to maintain its reputation. When an acquisition occurs in this way, the purchasing company can acquire the target company by either using all-stock, all-cash, or a combination of both. When a larger company purchases a smaller company with all cash, there is no change to the equity portion of the parent company's balance sheet. The parent company has simply purchased a majority of the common shares outstanding. When the majority stake is less than 100%, the minority interest is identified in the liabilities section of the parent company's balance sheet. On the other hand, when a company acquires another company in an all-stock deal, equity is affected. When this occurs, the parent company agrees to provide the shareholders of the target company a certain number of shares in the parent company for every share owned in the target company. In other words, if you owned 1,000 shares in the target company and the terms were for a 1:1 all-stock deal, you would receive 1,000 shares in the parent company. The equity of the parent company would change by the value of the shares provided to the shareholders of the target company.
To learn more, see The Basics Of Mergers And Acquisitions, The Wacky World of M&As and Mergers And Acquisitions - Another Tool For Traders..
How does a merger affect the shareholders?Explore the effect of a merger and understand how the process affects shareholders of the newly merged firm in terms of stock ... Read Answer >>
Why do companies merge with or acquire other companies?Some of the reasons for mergers and acquisitions (M&A) include:1. Synergy: The most used word in M&A is synergy, ... Read Answer >>
What is the difference between a merger and an acquisition?Read about the legal and practical differences between a corporate merger and corporate acquisition, two terms often used ... Read Answer >>
How long does it take for a merger to go through?Corporate mergers and acquisitions can vary considerably in the time they take to be completed. There are a number of individual ... Read Answer >>
Are acquisitions only for large companies?Learn how mergers and acquisitions, despite what the media portrays, actually take place more often among small companies ... Read Answer >>
Options & Futures
Mergers and Acquisitions: Doing The DealStart with an Offer When the CEO and top managers of a company decide that they want to do a merger or acquisition, they start with a tender offer. The process typically begins with the acquiring ...
A Guide To Spotting A Reverse MergerThis corporate action can be profitable for investors who know what to look for.
Options & Futures
Mergers and Acquisitions: Valuation MattersInvestors in a company that are aiming to take over another one must determine whether the purchase will be beneficial to them. In order to do so, they must ask themselves how much the company ...
Investing Basics
What Merger And Acquisition Firms DoThe merger or acquisition process can be intimidating. This is why merger and acquisition firms step in to facilitate the process.
What's a Horizontal Merger?A horizontal merger occurs when companies within the same industry merge.
Acquire A Career In MergersThis exciting sector demands a lot from its advisors. Are you up for it?
Bonds & Fixed Income
What Are Corporate Actions?Be a savvy investor - learn how corporate actions affect you as a shareholder.
Bonds & Fixed Income
Cashing In On Corporate RestructuringCompanies use M&As and spinoffs to boost profits - learn how you can do the same.
Forex Fundamentals
How Foreign Exchange Affects Mergers and Acquisitions DealsLearn how foreign exchange rates can impact the flows of international merger and acquisition (M&A) transactions, and understand how deals can impact exchange rates.
Do Mergers Save Or Cost Consumers Money?A merger or acquisition can actually be beneficial to the customer - find out how, in this article.
Merger DeficitAn accounting term used to describe the situation when the total ...
Mergers And Acquisitions - M&AA general term used to refer to the consolidation of companies. ...
All-Cash Deal1. The cash purchase of a target company. When an all-cash deal ...
Horizontal MergerA merger occurring between companies in the same industry. Horizontal ...
MergerThe combining of two or more companies, generally by offering ...
Swap RatioThe ratio in which an acquiring company will offer its own shares ...


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Discover The 101 Everyday Tips for Losing 10 Pounds - Need to Lose Weight Fast?by eBook 4U
If you want to start losing weight, just slightly tweak the habits you are already used to. Eat, but eat different. Don't sit when you can stand. They are little things, but...
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Just ask your physician. Any physician worth her salt will tell you that it's not about dieting, it's about reshaping your lifestyle.
If you want to start losing weight, just slightly tweak the habits you are already used to. Eat, but eat different. Don't sit when you can stand. They are little things, but...
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If you've got 15 minutes, you've got time. "101 'Everyday' Tips for Losing 10 Pounds!" is a thoroughly researched report on 'everyday ways' to maintain a healthier lifestyle for people on the go. It is designed to be quick and efficient.
Can you drink a glass of water every morning? Then page 4 of my report says that you've just accomplished the first step to a healthier lifestyle.
All you need to do is gradually but consistently add more tips to your life, and in just a couple of weeks you can start noticing results.
Here is just SOME of the information you will find inside:
Understand why it's so much harder to keep the weight off now than ever before. (Page 2)
Learn how to best use the effects of drinking water to help you lose pounds. (Page 4)
Learn the 2 most important concepts for losing weight and keeping it off. (Page 3)
Understand why drinking plenty of water is so important. (Page 4)
Discover which popular fruits will fill you up without adding too many calories. Not all fruits are created equal! (Page 6)
Find out which drinks you should stay away from - it's not just soda pop! (Page 5)
Learn what not to do with your vegetables before you eat them. (Page 12)
Understand why fiber is so important and why you need to eat more of it. (Page 7)
Learn which vegetables to avoid and which vegetables to savor. (Page 12)
Learn what vegetable you should be eating every day. (Page 7)
Learn to control that SWEET TOOTH. (Page 8)
Learn which fruit juices are acceptable and which are not. (Page 6)
Realize that an entire week of dieting can be ruined in one day of party food. (Page 9)
Learn which butters are preferred when trying to lose weight. (Page 17)
Find out the truth about canned fruits. (Page 7)
Learn that having a cup of coffee with some cream and sugar can be as bad as eating a large piece of rich chocolate cake. (Page 10)
Understand why setting meal times and sticking to them is so important. (Page 8)
Understand why skipping meals can actually make you fall a step behind when trying to lose weight. (Page 11)
Learn that you should be eating at least 4 meals a day! (Page 11)
Discover if eggs are an acceptable part of your diet. (Page 12)
Find out why eating diversely can help you stick to your diet and keep you from getting sick. (Page 13)
Find out the best time to eat breakfast and why. (Page 13)
Discover the truth about carbohydrates in your diet. (Page 14)
Understand the importance of protein in your daily eating plan. (Page 14)
Realize that you do not need to cut out fats entirely and how much is an acceptable amount. (Page 14)
Discover what a non-stick frying pan can do for your weight loss plan. (Page 17)
Discover the benefits of fresh parsley - it does more than just make your breath fresher! (Page 18)
Understand that taking a day off from working out is not only acceptable... but encouraged! (Page 22)
Learn to be on the lookout for low-fat and no-fat substitutes. (Page 18)
Discover why you really should chew your food 8-12 times before swallowing. (Page 20)
Learn two advantages to exercising outdoors. (Page 22)
Learn 3 everyday secrets to help you burn calories while at work or play. (Page 25)
Learn how to fight the urge to become a couch potato. (Page 26)
Discover how to use stairs to your advantage. (Page 27)
Learn what meats are preferable when trying to lose weight. (Page 15)
Find out how punching your pillow can help you lose weight. (Page 35)
Learn what to do with high tech gadgets such as remotes and cell phones to help you burn calories. It's not throwing them out - we promise! (Page 29)
Learn why body massages can be a great tool for losing weight. (Page 34)
Understand how good posture can help you to burn more calories each day. (Page 41)
Discover the value of high fiber multigrain breads. (Page 15)
Learn how you can use the concept of "grazing" to actually eat more meals a day and still lose weight. (Page 16)
Understand why smoking can negatively effect your weight loss plan. (Page 27)
Finally understand what TV commercials are good for. (Page 31)
Learn what role salt has in obesity. (Page 17)
Learn 2 great stress relieving AND calorie burning activities that you will always have time for. (Pages 31 and 32)
Understand when "cheat food" is acceptable.
Product Details
- 2940015566772
- Publisher:
- Life Coaching 101
- Publication date:
- 10/09/2012
- Sold by:
- Barnes & Noble
- Format:
- NOOK Book
- Pages:
- 55
- File size:
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I have to read this book because of holiday season is now.