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NEW YORK (MarketWatch) -- Shares of the following companies were making noteworthy moves Tuesday in the U.S. stock market:
Bon-Ton Stores Inc. BONT, +5.33% shares rose 6.1%
Analog Devices Inc. ADI, +2.63% shares climbed 6.4% after the chip maker forecast a 20% increase in revenue for the first quarter, topping expectations. Read Tech Stocks.
Medtronic Inc. MDT, +0.82% shares gained 7.3% after the medical device maker reported a quarterly profit that topped Wall Street's expectations. See details about Medtronic's revenue growth.
Ambac Financial ABK, -2.90% shares declined 4.4% after the troubled bond insurer said its CFO had resigned, effective immediately. See more about Ambac CFO's exit.
Barnes & Noble Inc. BKS, +1.13% shares were down 5.4% after the book retailer trimmed its profit forecast for the current quarter. See Retail Stocks.
Brocade Communications Systems Inc. BRCD, +3.49% shares fell 9% after the networking equipment maker said its fourth-quarter profit slipped. Read about Tech sector's retreat.
Genesco Inc. GCO, -3.75% shares fell 7.8% after the footwear and accessories retail reported results for its third quarter. See company press release.
Hillenbrand Inc. HI, +3.19% lapsed 6.9% after the provider of funeral products and services forecast for fiscal 2010 fell short of expectations. Read Hillenbrand statement.
Warner Music Group WMG shares declined 12% after the globe's third-largest music company reported a quarterly loss. See more about severance hit.
Zions Bancorp ZION, +1.62% shares slipped 5.5%, leaving it down 45% so far this year. Read about sector performance in Financial Stocks.


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HP 6500 "ink system failure"
I have a hp 6500 e709n printer that will not print. I did have a paper jam. After clearing the paper the "ink system failure message appeared. I tried turning the power on and off, resetting the machine, cleaning the printhead and installing new ink cartridges. I tried to do an ink initialization, but it then read printhead missing. There is no error code and it won't allow me to do anything like setup. Is there anything else to try other than replacing the printhead?
Re: HP 6500 "ink system failure"[ Edited ]
04-26-2011 09:57 AM - last edited on 04-18-2016 12:49 PM by OscarFuentes
Typically "Ink System Failure" is a printhead issue. Please follow the document below to determine if it is something that you can resolve:
If it's a printhead issue, you may need to call 1-800-HP-INVENT
An agent will be able to determine if your printhead is still in warranty and if there will be a cost to you. If you want to go with a new printer, they can also look into your upgrade options.
*Say thanks by clicking the "Kudos! Star" which is on the left*
Make it easier for other people to find solutions, by marking my answer with "Accept as Solution" if it solves your issue.
Re: HP 6500 "ink system failure"
Same thing happened to me. Why would a simple paper jame fail the ink system? This is not acceptable because it trashes the whole printer and we have to buy another? Very upsetting.
Ernest Herrera, San Francisco.
Re: HP 6500 "ink system failure"
I am writing this for anyone experiencing an INK SYSTEM FAILURE message. I use a 6500A and my wife has a 7500A wide carrige. The 7500A came up with an ink system failure. I tried everthing recomended with no luck. My wife needs a working printer more than I do so I switched them out. Since the power supplies are identical I left them in place. Guess What? The 6500 came up with an INK SYSTEM FAILURE as soon as it was powered by the 7500 power supply. I switched the power supplies and everthing works great. I tested the 7500 on the 6500 power supply and no ink system failure anymore. I have not measured the voltage on the power supply which seems to cause the ink system failure but I recommend you try a new power supply before you buy a new print head. Check ebay and amazon for a nice price.
Hope this helps someone else.

subset: commoncrawl


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Jo Walton's "My Real Children": infinitely wise, sad and uplifting novel
An ambitious and nuanced story that left Cory Doctorow in tears, the new novel from award-winner Jo Walton is about an elderly woman who remembers two lives.
Excerpt: Read the first seven chapters of My Real Children.
Jo Walton's My Real Children literally kept me up all night, weeping uncontrollably with the most astounding mixture of joy and sorrow I have ever felt, but not able to stop until I'd finished it. I'm writing this the next morning, and I find myself keeping the book at arm's length, lest it trigger another round of tears.
It's the story of Patricia Cowan, a British woman who, in 2015, is in an old folks' home where she is "very confused," her dementia having consumed her past life. Or lives. Because Patricia can remember two lives, forking at the moment where she is courted by a young philosopher she met at Oxford during World War II. In one life, she marries the man, Mark, and finds herself trapped in a loveless, terrible marriage where she is expected to subsume her identity and ambitions to the career of a bullying, second-rate academic. In the other life, she becomes an independent woman, an authority on Renaissance Italy who parlays her expertise into a comfortable life writing travel guides, and who, unexpectedly, falls in love with another woman, a scientist who is her soulmate.
By this point, I was thinking, aha, here we go: we follow the happy life in one thread, the unhappy life in the other, and Walton will show us how the institutionalized sexism of post-War Britain ruined the lives of anyone unlucky enough to be caught in it. But Walton's more ambitious, and nuanced, than that. Both of Cowan's lives are full of soaring happiness, thanks to the love of good people and her own endless capacity to love and care for the people around her -- and because of her ability to find independent happiness and meaning, no matter what her circumstances.
And both of her lives are full of the most heart-wrenching sorrow, precisely because she has so much to lose. The people around her -- good people, bad people, selfish people, giving people -- are imperfect in the way of all of us humans, and their peril and failures (and Cowan's resilience) as well as their nobility left me puffy-eyed and cried out, and uplifted, at the same time.
My Real Children is a story of pure love without an ounce of sentimentality, infinitely wise about the human condition, parenting, and family. It changed the way I think about the very meaning of life. By playing Cowan's two lives against each other, Walton has brilliantly illuminated something raw and true about where happiness comes from, and where it leads.
Walton's last novel, Among Others, was one of the best novels of 2011, winning the Hugo, Nebula, and British Fantasy Awards. If anything, My Real Children surpasses it. I am an enormous fan of Walton's books (her Farthing/Ha'Penny/Half-A-Crown alternate histories are among my favorites), but even by the high standards of her body of work, My Real Children is a standout.
My Real Children
Excerpt: Read the first seven chapters of My Real Children here at Boing Boing.
EFF is hiring a software engineer!
Forget "disrupting" some industry — work at EFF and you can write code to make a better future for everyone!
30 students debate mass surveillance on Capitol Hill
Last week, 30 students used a House Judiciary Committee hearing room to hold a debate on mass surveillance in America.
Ramones 40th anniversary box-set coming in July: rarities, demos, live shows
The $80 Ramones 40th Anniversary Deluxe Edition collects 3 CDs, one LP and a hardcover book, in a limited, numbered box (the edition is limited to 19,760, which is a number you can interpret as either symbolic of the year 1976, or "this edition limited to the number we anticipate selling").
Be an app development pro with the Bitfountain iOS coding bundle--now only $39
Jared Sinclair developed the RSS reader app Unread, which made $10,000 in its first 24 hours on the iOS market. And we've all heard the story of Flappy Bird developer Dong Nguyen, whose creation was reportedly earning $50,000 a day at the height of its 2013 explosion. While those are rare examples, they're also testament to the […]
Become a certified ethical hacker with premium training--now only $69
If you or your company's IT system are besieged by black hat cyber attacks, an ethical hacker might be all that stands between crippling damage and a company's long-term prosperity. It's no wonder that the market for IT security specialists is exploding. Certification is the key – so learn the tenets of ethical hacking and get […]
Enter to win the Ultimate Herschel Travel Bundle!
Your laptop and mobile devices are top of the line…so why are you trotting out that raggedy decades-old suitcase when you go somewhere? Time to up your travel game with a complete 5-piece Herschel Travel Luggage bundle…and we'll even give it to you for free!Of course, you've got to win the Ultimate Herschel Travel Bundle […]


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RIP, H.R. Giger, 1940-2014
The famous Swiss surrealist leaves behind some of the twentieth century's most impressive and startling artwork. Here are our favorite biomechanical wonders.Swiss public TV was first to report that surrealist science fiction illustrator H.R. Giger has died at 74. Giger created the designs for the Alien movies, the notorious poster included with the Dead Kennedys' Frankenchrist, and many other iconic works.
Giger's so-called biomechanoids represent a large share of his work. His representations of these creatures is a mixture of human and mechanical parts, with a strong focus on sexuality that can be disturbing for the viewer. These biomechanoids are to be seen in many of Giger's paintings and drawings, but the theme is also common to his sculptures and furniture.From Taschen's bio:
Born in Chur, Switzerland, in 1940, he studied interior and industrial design for eight years at the School of Commercial Art in Zurich (1962-1970), but was soon gaining attention as an independent artist, with endeavors ranging from surrealistic dream landscapes created with a spray gun and stencils, to album cover designs for famous pop stars, and sculpture. In addition, Giger's multi-faceted career includes designing two bars, located in Tokyo and Chur, as well as work on various film projects - his creation of the set design and title figure for Ridley Scott's film Alien won him not only international fame but also an Oscar for Best Achievement for Visual Effects (1980).
The blog Letters of Note has a great piece of historical Giger-related correspondence by Alien director James Cameron worth revisiting today:
Considering the hugely positive reaction to his incredible, Oscar-winning work on the film's predecessor, it's little wonder that H. R. Giger was "disappointed" not to be contacted when production began on Aliens, the second installment in what is one of the most successful movie franchises in cinema's history. Indeed, Giger — the celebrated Swiss artist who most notably designed the beautifully horrific Alien itself in the late 1970s — vocalised his displeasure and, via his agent Leslie Barany, even wrote to the sequel's director, James Cameron. Three months later, Cameron explained his decision by way of the fascinating, remarkably honest letter seen below.
(via Mefi)
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Code & Coffee serves as a supplement to class curriculum for existing students and as an Open House for prospective students. Meet Girl Develop It Seattle's organizers, along with GDI instructors and volunteers at Uptown Espresso's South Lake Union Location on Sunday, January 12, from 10am to noon. You have the option to discuss material from class, work on side projects, or chat about coding questions in general. In the past, we have had several women in the industry come to network and share their experiences.
Have interest in Girl Develop It Seattle but not currently enrolled in a course? You're welcome to join us for this informal meeting!
Note: this is not a GDI course, just an informal discussion.
We hope to see you there!
Note: Power outlets are scarce at Uptown Espresso, so please come with a charged up battery if you are able to.
Hi Ladies! Some people have expressed interest in learning how to set up their github. I found a really helpful site for beginners. http://readwrite.com/2013/09/30/understanding-github-a-journey-for-beginners-part-1#awesm=~osLmxU5s0vA4bv
1 · January 12, 2014
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 16, 1990
|Filing date
|Dec 21, 1988
|Priority date
|Dec 21, 1988
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Peter W. Bullock
|Original Assignee
|Hughes Aircraft Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (13), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (66), Classifications (43), Legal Events (10)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for soldering, and more particularly concerns fluxless soldering of high density leads of an electronic circuit chip.
2. Description of Related Art
Connection of electrical leads to integrated circuit or electrical microchip elements is accomplished by various procedures, including ultrasonic bonding and soldering. In ultrasonic bonding an end of a wire, generally of a circular cross section, is pressed against a pad to which it is to be bonded by the tip of a bonding tool that is connected to an ultrasonic transducer. Energization of the transducer while the bonding tool tip presses the wire against its pad deforms the wire under pressure and vibration, thereby providing an electrical connection. Soldering of leads is sometimes preferred for repairability and the ability to make many solder connections in one step. In conventional soldering, an end of the lead is held against a substrate pad to which it is to be bonded, solder is applied to the bonding area, and the parts are heated to cause the solder to flow around or between the parts, thereby to firmly connect the parts both mechanically and electrically upon cooling and solidification of the solder. Frequently the leads to be soldered are "pre-tinned", that is, pre-coated with a thin layer of solder, as by dipping, silk screening or plating, and a solder flux is applied to the bonded area to ensure the making of a proper bond.
In making solder connections at the outer ends of a large nubber of electrical leads that may radiate in many directions from a central electronic chip a single pressure foot or "thermode" is employed in a gang bonding operation to press ends of all the wires against their respective pads, and to simultaneously apply heat for melting the solder of the pre-tinned lead ends. The thermode is provided with a planar pressure surface that has a high precision of flatness. However, the substrate to which leads are to be bonded carries a number of pads that may be positioned at slightly different elevations, because cause of such factors as variation in thickness of pads and adhesive used to hold the pads, and irregular surfaces of the substrate which carries the pads. In other words, the surface of the pads to which the outer ends of the radiating wires that are to be bonded do not all lie in the same plane with any degree of precision. Accordingly, as the unitary thermode simultaneously presses the ends of as many as two to three hundred wires against the pads, some wire ends are not pressed or are not adequately pressed against the pads to which they are to be bonded, resulting in either a poor bond or total absence of bond at some wire end.
Flux, now widely used in soldering, introduces contaminants, is difficult to apply with precision, and, if excess flux is used, the appearance of the component may be degraded. There is always some residual flux remaining even after very careful cleaning of the parts.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide for the bonding of electrical leads while avoiding or minimizing above-mentioned problems.
In carrying out principles of the present invention in accordance with a preferred embodiment thereof, soldering without the use of flux is performed by pressing a pair of members together at a common area to be soldered, applying solder to the area, applying a timed program of both heat energy and ultrasonic energy to one of the members. In one embodiment, apparatus for carrying out the invention employs a pressure tool having a pressure tip for pressing against the wire lead, means for vibrating the tool at an ultrasonic frequency, means for moving the tool to cause the pressure tip of the tool to press against a lead to be bonded, and means for applying heat to the lead at the pressure tip.
In the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is an illustration of the general construction of an exemplary bonding machine that may be employed to carry out principles of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates the assembly of a capillary tube and optical fiber for applying pressure, heat and ultrasonic energy to a lead to be bonded;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged illustration of a portion of the tip of the bonding tool; and
FIG. 4 illustrates a chip assembly to be bonded by tape automated bonding procedures embodying the present invention.
Principles of the present invention may be carried out by various types of special machines that are arranged to provide the necessary features of the procedure of the present invention. The procedures of the present invention include (1) application of pressure, (2) application of ultrasonic energy, and (3) application of heat. For simplicity, efficiency and economy of design and manufacture applicant presently prefers to employ a bonding machine of the type presently used in ultrasonic bonding, because such a machine already performs two of the procedures of the present invention.
A number of different types of presently available ultrasonic bonding machines regularly apply pressure to one of two members to be bonded, and, while such pressure is applied, effect an ultrasonic vibration of at least one of the members to perform an ultrasonic bond. Applicant has found it convenient and advantageous to provide a relatively simple modification of such an ultrasonic bonding machine to enable it to apply heat at the tip of the bonding tool. As modified and applied to carry out procedures of the present invention, the machine is not used to perform ultrasonic bonding in the conventional sense. Exemplary of the many types of ultrasonic bonding tools that are presently available is a tool made by applicant's assignee and described in U.S. Pat. 4,718,591 issued Jan. 12, 1988 to William H. Hill for Wire Bonder With Open Center of Motion. Such an ultrasonic wire bonder may be readily modified to enable it to be used in the practice of the present invention. Another ultrasonic bonder which may be readily modified for practice of the present invention is that described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,598,853, of William H. Hill, for Open-Center Flexural Pivot Wire Bonding Head. In the apparatus of these patents, touchdown (e.g. initial contact of the tool tip with the wire, as the tool is lowered to contact the work) is sensed and signaled for starting the ultrasonic bonding, but the modified machines are not used for conventional ultrasonic bonding.
The above-mentioned machines, all of which may be readily modified for practice of the present invention, include some features which are neither necessary nor desirable in the practice of the present invention. For example, these machines incorporate a capability of rotation of the bonding head about the vertical axis of the capillary or bonding tool itself. Such a vertical axis rotation is neither necessary nor desirable for the present invention, and, therefore, may be eliminated from such machines, or simply not used. As presently contemplated, it is preferred to practice the present invention by employing a bonding machine of the type manufactured and sold by Hughes Aircraft Company, assignee of the present application, as the Hughes Model 2460-II Automatic Wire Bonder. Major components of such a machine, modified to incorporate principles of the present invention, are illustrated in FIG. 1.
As illustrated in FIG. 1, the preferred Model 2460-II Automatic Wire Bonder includes an ultrasonic transducer 10 mounted for a slight amount of pivotal motion about a horizontal axis, parallel to the illustrated X axis, to a bonder slide frame 11 that is mounted for vertical or Z axis motion to a tooling fixture 12. Slide frame 11 is mounted for vertical motion in the fixture 12 by means of vertical guide ways (not shown) and driven up and down by a bi-directional Z axis motor 13 that is fixedly mounted to slide frame 11 for vertical motion therewith. The motor 13 carries a pinion (not shown) which meshes with racks (not shown) fixed to the tooling fixture 12. The sliding bond head assembly of transducer and slide frame is mounted so that the vertical drive motor 13 may drive the bond head assembly upwardly and downwardly along the Z axis. This precisely controls vertical position of the lower pressure tip of a bonding tool or capillary 16 that is carried by an elongated horizontal arm 14 fixed to transducer 10. Details of bonding tool 16 will be described below. The vertical drive arrangement provides for vertical motion of the tip of the bonding tool or capillary 16 to controlled vertical positions with respect to a semiconductor device or integrated circuit chip 32. The chip 32 is mounted on a substrate 33 carried on a work table 34 that is movable horizontally (along X and Y axes) under control of X and Y axis motors (not shown). The work table is movably mounted on a support (not shown) to which the tooling fixture is fixedly secured.
Touchdown of the capillary, that is, initial contact of the tip of the capillary with the workpiece (an electrical lead connected to chip 32) that is positioned below the descending tool, is signaled by a set of contacts (not shown) respectively mounted on the rear side of a column 18 fixed to slide frame 11 and on the forward side of a post 19 upstanding from the pivotally mounted transducer. Upon touchdown, the transducer 10 and tool 16 pivot very slightly to open these contacts and generate a touchdown signal. The touchdown signal stops vertical descent and initiates operation of a force solenoid 22 fixed to bonder slide frame 11 and positioned to contact a rearward side of post 19. The solenoid force tends to pivot the transducer and capillary so as to exert a predetermined or programmed amount of pre-load force on the work to be bonded.
In practice of the present invention, a prior art ultrasonic bonding machine, such as Hughes Model 2460-II Automatic Wire Bonder, shown in FIG. 1, is modified by replacing the ultrasonic bonding tool of the prior machine with a new type of bonding tool 16 to be more particularly described below and, further, by mounting to tooling fixture 12 a heat supply in the form of a pulsed laser assembly 36. Output of the laser is carried via a flexible, curved optical fiber 38 from the laser assembly 36 to the bonding tool 16, as will be more particularly described below. It will be readily understood that the optical fiber indicated at 38 in FIG. 1 includes a suitable optical fiber and a support housing therefore arranged for the purpose of supporting and directing the optical fiber from the laser to the bonding tool, and for allowing limited motion of the tool 16 (and optical fiber end) relative to the laser assembly 36. Such limited relative motion includes the Z axis travel of bonder slide frame 11, which may be less than 0.5 inches from stop to stop.
As illustrated in FIG. 2, the new type of bonding tool 16 comprises an elongated hollow capillary 40 that is
securely mounted with its axis extending substantially vertically (parallel to Z axis) in the end of the transducer arm 14 which is fixedly connected to the ultrasonic transducer 10. Capillary 40 has an axial internal bore 42 in which is firmly and securely mounted an end portion of optical fiber 38. The fiber has a remote end 44 fixedly connected to laser assembly 36 in a laser output fitting 46. The laser 36 may be a conventional laser, such as, for example, an Nd:YAG continuous wave (CW) laser, having an output beam at a wavelength of 1.06 microns. The capillary bore typically has a diameter of about three thousandths of an inch (0.003 inches), and may be slightly tapered, being somewhat smaller at its lower end, to receive the end of the optical fiber and snugly and frictionally retain the fiber in position.
As can be best seen in FIG. 3, the capillary bore does not extend through the capillary tip. Instead, the tip is formed by a solid pressure foot 50 that is fixed to the end of the capillary. The pressure foot is made of a hard, long-wearing material, such as sapphire or ruby, transparent to the 1.06 micron wavelength laser beam. The end of the optical fiber is in direct end face contact with the sapphire tip. The capillary is formed of a nonwetting material, a material to which solder will not adhere. Such a material for the capillary may include an alumina or a beryllia. The sapphire pressure foot is also non-wetting and transparent to the laser beam 51 that is transmitted from the end of fiber 38.
As illustrated in FIG. 2, the continuous wave laser beam is pulsed by use of a beam shutter 60 to provide a pulsed laser beam focused by a lens 62 at the outer edge of the pressure foot 50 of the capillary tube 40. These laser pulses apply heat energy to a part, such as the end 52 of an electrical wire lead 53, illustrated in position under the capillary tube pressure foot in FIGS. 2 and 3. This applied heat energy melts the solder of the pretinned leads.
In operation of the illustrated soldering machine, ends of leads to be soldered are pre-tinned, that is, they are coated by any suitable means with an appropriate solder. The lead is positioned with an end 52 to be soldered over a pad 54 on a substrate 56 to which the lead is to be soldered. The table 34 is maneuvered appropriately in X,Y horizontal directions to position the area at which the lead is to be soldered directly under the pressure tip of the bonding tool 16. Elevation motor 13 is then operated to drive the bonding head, including frame 11, transducer lo and tool assembly 16, downwardly until a predetermined pressure, such as pressure in the order of between ten and thirty grams, is applied by the bonding tool tip to the lead to be bonded. The above identified patents to Hill describe the application of the pre-load or pre-selected pressure by the tip of the bonding tool. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,817,848 filed May 12, 1988, of John B. Gabaldon, for Compliant Motion Servo, there is described a servo arrangement for maintaining a pre-selected force between a bonding tool tip of the type described in the Hill patent and illustrated in FIG. 1 and the wire to be bonded. Disclosures of the above-identified patents to Hill and the patent application of Gabaldon identified above, all of which are assigned to the assignee of the present application, are incorporated herein by this reference as though fully set forth. The Hughes Model 2460-II Automatic Wire Bonder employs the described force solenoid to provide a programmed level of force.
Having pressed the pressure tip 50 of the bonding tool downwardly upon the lead end to press it against the bonding pad and substrate upon which it rests, heat an ultrasonic energy may now be applied. A wide variety of timed programs for application of heat and ultrasonic energy is contemplated, such programs preferably starting after appropriate pressure has been applied to press the lead downwardly, and each such program being carried out at least initially while such pressure is being maintained. For example, both ultrasonic energy and heat energy may be applied simultaneously while the pressure exerted on the lead by the tool tip 50 is maintained. Alternatively, ultrasonic energy may be first applied (while
the tool tip presses the lead), the application of ultrasonic energy stopped, and then the optical energy or heat energy may be applied through the optical fiber. A still further variation is a reversal of the last described procedure, carried out by applying heat energy through the optical fiber first, and, after completing application of the heat energy, then applying the ultrasonic energy. Pressure may be applied during the entire program, and at least during the application of ultrasonic vibration. Many other variations may be carried out, including various programs in which there is at least some degree of overlapping or simultaneous application of both heat energy and ultrasonic energy. Preferably, pressure is generally, but not always, applied during application of ultrasonic energy.
As heat is applied to the pre-tinned lead, its solder coating softens and begins to flow. After the solder begins to flow, which may require a short time, such as five to ten milliseconds of application of heat energy, the laser may be turned off and the bonding frame and bonding tool may be raised a very small amount, such as about five to ten mils, to allow solder to flow between the two parts being soldered, and thus provide a better, more aesthetically pleasing joint. In this procedure, of course, pressure is not applied while the tool is slightly raised, although application of ultrasonic energy may be continued, if desired.
Throughout the described steps the laser beam pulse (when the laser is turned on) is focused through the capillary tube down to a spot size of about three to five mils at the wire end. The laser has an output pulse of approximately five to fifty milliseconds and provides ten to one hundred watts of output power. A single laser pulse may provide sufficient heat energy. The ultrasonic transducer operates at about sixty kilohertz, with a power of about ten watts and has a capillary tip movement (when driven by the ultrasonic transducer) of about seventy five microinches in a direction parallel to the Y axis.
It will be readily appreciated that use of the described bonding apparatus and method permits the soldering of a multiplicity of leads individually so that relative elevations and collective planarity of a number of bonding pads on a substrate has little adverse effect on the operation. According to the described method, using the apparatus illustrated herein, individual sensing of bonding height (available from the prior bonding machines that may be modified for use in this ultrasonic laser system) is accomplished, thus avoiding the need for the previously required extremely tight control of pad height or substrate planarity.
Application of ultrasonic energy during application of or combined with application of heat energy enhances the wetting of the parts by the solder, without need of flux. Therefore, no flux need be employed in the soldering process described herein.
The bonding tool 16 performs a number of functions in the described embodiment. The tip of the tool effectively senses the height of the lead by initiating a suitable signal upon first contact between the tool tip and the lead. The tool tip holds the lead against the underlying substrate or pad surface. The tool tip actually physically applies the ultrasonic energy to the lead being bonded, and, further, the tool tip directs the heat, via the optical fiber, directly to the lead that is being soldered. In an exemplary program, ultrasonic energy may be applied for a time (such s five to ten milliseconds) equal to the time of application of heat energy. Such times will vary with different applications, materials and configurations. Similarly, the amount of pressure applied during application of ultrasonic energy will vary according to materials and configuration. Pressure in the order of about ten grams is presently contemplated.
As integrated circuits become more complex, providing a larger number of functions, higher density of the outgoing leads becomes necessary. A technique termed "tape automated bonding" (TAB) is used in a high density bonding procedure that generally employs reflow soldering of leads to active semiconductor devices and to various types of substrates. The present invention is especially useful in tape automated bonding.
An arrangement of such tape automated bonding is illustrated in FIG. 4, in which a chip 70 has a surface opposite that shown in the drawing (e.g. a "lower" surface, not seen in FIG. 4) on which a number of connecting pads are provided, with each one of a number of leads, such as leads 72, having its inner end physically and electrically connected to an individual pad. Conveniently, such connections of inner ends of leads 72 to the chip pads are performed by a single thermode, which simultaneously heats all pre-tinned inner ends of the wires, and thus solders these to the chip pads. However, as previously described, the outer ends of the leads 72 are to be soldered to pads, such as pads 54, on a substrate, such as indicated generally at 56, which may well have significant elevation variations in the bonding surfaces of the connecting pads, and thus provides very poor planarity. Planarity of the chip itself is usually adequate for bonding of lead inner ends by conventional methods, such as a thermode.
In devices involved with tape automated bonding, a very high density of electrical leads is provided, so that a single chip may have from two to three hundred leads extending therefrom. The leads are frequently printed on a thin sheet 78 of mylar (FIGS. 3 and 4), having through holes 80 at the outer ends of each of the leads 72. The leads are printed on the mylar for ease of handling and connection. Leads on such an assembly may be approximately 2 mils in width and have a center to center spacing of 4 mils at their inner ends. Generally such leads are of a rectangular cross section, and solder connections of such leads are preferred for ease of repairability.
Previous methods for soldering outer ends of the wires 72 in a tape automated bonding process have required use of flux on the pre-tinned wire ends. Such use of flux is undesirable because it introduces contamination in these very high density lead circuits. It is found that the application of ultrasonic energy in a soldering operation of the type described herein eliminates the need for application of solder flux. Thus, the described method and apparatus provide a useful, efficient, fluxless soldering. Accordingly, it will be seen that the present invention is directly adaptable to the performance of soldering of at least outer ends of the leads 72 and may also find application in soldering inner ends of the leads to the chip of a tape automated bonding operation.
Particularly in the outer end bonding, it is necessary to consistently hold the lead down and to apply a repeatable but light force to the lead. The described method and apparatus will accomplish this desired result effectively. Apparatus described in the above-identified patents and patent application, as set forth in detail therein, and the Hughes Model 2460-II Automatic Wire Bonder of FIG. 1, are arranged to consistently hold the lead down and apply a light, predetermined and repeatable force to the wire while the tool is ultrasonically vibrated.
After touchdown and application of the desired force, the timed program of laser energy and ultrasonic energy may commence. As an example, during application of heat from the laser pulse, ultrasonic energy may be introduced by activating the transducer 10. The ultrasonic energy need be applied only at relatively low power, at approximately 60 kilohertz, providing a capillary tip movement in the order of about 75 microinches.
In conventional solder bonding, heat is applied while constant pressure is exerted against the lead. This prevents the flowing solder from moving under the soldered lead. In accordance with the present invention, and with the availability of precise vertical height control of the bonding tool (as described in the above-identified patents and patent application and in the Hughes Model 2460-II Automatic Wire Bonder), the entire vertically movable bonding head, together with the capillary and its pressure foot, are raised slightly, as previously described, after initiation of heat application by the laser pulse to allow solder to flow and form a consistent and attractive fillet under the lead. This provides a cleaner appearance that pleases visual inspectors, and, more importantly, adds significant strength to the bond. It is important that this raising of the capillary take place only after the solder has melted and begins to flow.
Thus it will be seen that the method and apparatus described herein are applicable to a number of different types of bonding, and are particularly applicable to fluxless reflow soldering, to the soldering of outer leads, and to reflow soldering of inner and/or outer leads of a tape automated bonding process.
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|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, "Novel Laser Soldering Process . . .", vol. 3, No. 31, pp. 206, 207, Aug. 1988.
|IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Novel Laser Soldering Process . . . , vol. 3, No. 31, pp. 206, 207, Aug. 1988.
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|May 6, 1997
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|Apr 14, 1998
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|May 2, 2000
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|May 3, 2001
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|Interconnecting ribbon welded to electrical components
|U.S. Classification
|228/111.5, 219/85.18, 219/121.63, 228/180.5, 219/121.64, 228/262, 228/1.1
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 21, 1988
Owner name: HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY, A CORP. OF DE, CALIFORNIA
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'Bones' Final Season Is Pushed to Midseason. Find Out the Replacement
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The Danish men's national handball team downed Croatia's European Championship bronze medalists 28-24 in its first qualifying match for the Rio 2016 Olympics at the Jyske Bank Boxen Arena in Herning, Denmark on Friday. The two teams were ...China.org.cn, 1 month ago Denmark men's handball team secures berth for Rio Olympics Arabstoday.net, 1 month ago Final obstacle on road to Rio Copenhagen Post, 1 month ago XINHUA - Denmark men's handball team secures berth for Rio Olympics Namibia Press Agency, 1 month ago
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A Danish national, who has in the past been accused of land grabbing in Kajiado County, is among people who opened and operated offshore companies in a notorious tax haven. Documents leaked from the ongoing Panama Papers investigation show that ...Daily Nation, 1 month ago Kenya: Panama Papers Show Man Accused of Grabbing Kajiado Land Ran Offshore Firms AllAfrica.com, 1 month ago
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Review: Pippin
Digitally enhanced Fosse
Menier Chocolate Factory, London SE1
Best to ignore the moral of this 1972 musical by Stephen Schwartz, summed up by the lyric, "It never was there, it always was here". The hero, Pippin (Harry Hepple), learns that to find a life of fulfilment you should not look beyond the people who love you, which is almost as bad as the advice given by Dorothy in The Wizard of Oz - that you should not look beyond your own backyard.
Block out the homespun wisdom and what is left is a terrific score by Schwartz that is rooted in some of the best musical theatre of the 1960s, and, with Bob Fosse's choreography wonderfully recreated by Chet Walker, some exhilarating dancing, too. Matt Rawle as a kind of Mephistophelian emcee, and a terrific Carly Bawden as Pippin's love interest both sing superbly well.
Mitch Sebastian's production updates Roger O Hirson's book to the computer age by setting the action in a, well, computer. Think of the movie Tron and you will get an idea of designer Timothy Bird's brilliant set.
Do not expect to be enlightened by the crazy story-line, but anyone who is as committed as the Chocolate Factory to staging Fosse's dance routines is all right in my book (it also revived Sweet Charity), especially when it is done as well as it is here.
Tel: 020 7378 1713
Review: The Invisible Hand
Thrilling collision of ideologies
East West Street
Quartet's high and low notes
Review: Love, or Nearest Offer
Good structure, viewing recommended


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Miami AuditionsFind:
Backstage's audition listings in Miami include theater, film, television, commercials, and voiceover roles.
New auditions are posted to Backstage.com daily.
The following listings display productions and casting notices for Miami. You can further refine your search by using the filters on the right side of the page, and save your search to have new casting notices sent directly to your inbox.
Posted: May 12
TV Project, African American House Flippers
- Dates TBD; seeking submissions nationwide.
- Seeking submissions nationwide/worldwide
Seeking couples who are home renovators or house flippers. Casting states: "Do you and your partner love to flip or renovate houses? Do you have big personalities ready for television? If so, we want to hear from you."
Posted: May 11
- Studio recordings will be in NYC and L.A.
- Seeking submissions from: New York, NY
- Seeking submissions nationwide/worldwide
Seeking Caucasian male singers ages 14-19 to join a male recording group with a recording deal with Sony Records. Also seeking a solo male singer age 13-21 and a female solo singer age 15-20 for solo recording deals.
Posted: May 11
Redlands BMX and Skateboard Media Festival
- The film-submission early deadline is May 31; the extended deadline is Sept. 30. The festival takes place Nov. 4 in Redlands, CA.
- Seeking submissions nationwide/worldwide
Seeking short films that feature skateboards and/or BMX bikes, for the Redlands BMX and Skateboard Media Festival, a collaboration between Slate Inc. and Five Ten, a sports apparel company in Redlands California.
Posted: May 11
Studio Recording, Rock Keyboardist
- Producer states: "Rehearse at home and come in (to Santa Clarita, CA) and record or record using Logic and send the individual tracks: strings, cello, harpsichord. You will have creative control."
- Seeking submissions from: Santa Clarita, CA
- Seeking submissions nationwide/worldwide
Seeking a classically-trained rock keyboardist to help finish two albums (20 songs).
Posted: May 11
- Rehearsals begin Aug. 15, 2016; runs Sept. 1-Oct. 29 at LaComedia Dinner Theater in Springboro, OH.
- Seeking submissions from: Springboro, OH
- Seeking submissions nationwide/worldwide
Casting "Million Dollar Quartet," the Tony Award-winning musical inspired by the story of the famed recording session that brought together rock-and-roll icons Elvis, Johnny Cash, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Carl Perkins for the first and only time.
Posted: May 11
Expectant Parents Reality TV Series
- Dates TBD.
- Seeking submissions nationwide/worldwide
Seeking parents expecting a baby for a new reality TV series. Producer states: "If you are expecting a baby, we would love to hear from you. Ever feel like you could have your own show? TLC is now seeking expecting parents/moms/dads. We are now casting a docu-series that tells the ...
Posted: May 10
- Shoot dates are TBD in Fort Lauderdale, FL.
- Seeking submissions from: Fort Lauderdale, FL
Casting a senior film project for the Art Institute of Fort Lauderdale, "Rise of Rome," in which Roman King, a fashion designer, has his past come back to haunt him.
Posted: May 10
- Awards show is Aug. 6 in Atlanta, GA. Talent must provide own transportation to and from Atlanta. All nominees will be able to perform.
- Seeking submissions from: Atlanta, GA
- Seeking submissions nationwide/worldwide
Seeking female indie music artists for the Second Annual Womenincharg3 Music Awards. CEO states: "This is an award show for female indie artists all genres, ages 18 to 50 years old. All genres accepted. Categories are: pop, R&B/soul, rock, country, hip-hop, gospel, best album/EP, music video, jazz, blues, and folk."
Posted: May 10
London Summer Acting Workshop: 'Alba Emoting & Rasaboxes'
- Workshop runs July 11-20 in London, UK.
- Seeking submissions nationwide/worldwide
Seeking participants for 10-Day London Summer Acting Workshop: "Alba Emoting & Rasaboxes." Apply to Student Ensemble with your phone number and email address to set up a phone interview with a Master Teacher the workshop and the early-registration discount. Artistic Director states: "Alba meets Rasa: The Science of Emotion and ...
Posted: May 10
Carnival Cruise Line, Casting & Booking Specialist
- Seeking submissions nationwide.
- Seeking submissions from: Miami, FL
- Seeking submissions nationwide/worldwide
Seeking a casting & booking specialist for Carnival Cruise Line. The purpose of this position is to support the Casting and Booking Department, within the Entertainment Division, in attracting, recruiting, and scheduling top stage performers (singer-dancers) for Carnival's Playlist Productions theater shows across the entire CCL fleet.
Posted: May 10
'World of Wonder,' Immediate Replacement Contortionist/Hand Balance Act
- Runs immediately-Aug. 14 at Holiday World in Santa Claus, IN.
- Seeking submissions from: Nashville, TN
- Seeking submissions nationwide/worldwide
Seeking an immediate replacement contortionist/hand balance act for "World of Wonder." Description: "World of Wonder" is a jaw-dropping pop variety show featuring four specialty acts and four singers.
Posted: May 09
2017 GHM Hotels Swimsuit Calendar
- Shoots first week of August in Indonesia.
- Seeking submissions from: Miami, FL
- Seeking submissions nationwide/worldwide
Seeking models for the GHM Hotel Group's annual multimedia swimsuit calendar for 2017.
Posted: May 09
Adventure Video Shoot In Saint Lucia
- Shoots June 11-18 in Saint Lucia.
- Seeking submissions from: New York, NY
- Seeking submissions nationwide/worldwide
Seeking a model to come with our creative team to Saint Lucia.
Posted: May 09
North River Sing, Musical Director
- Position runs September 2016-June 2017 and rehearses in downtown Jersey City on Sundays from 5:30-7:30 PM. Company states: "For those unfamiliar with Jersey City, we are just 15 minutes by PATH train to lower Manhattan and/or the West Village and about 30 minutes from Herald Square. The train runs regularly on Sundays and takes PATH cards and/or Metrocards."
- Seeking submissions from: Jersey City, NJ; New York, NY
- Seeking submissions nationwide/worldwide
Seeking a musical director for a two-year-old community chorus, North River Sing, which is dedicated to the Great American Songbook.


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Obama is a Dickhead
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All he has to do is mention thousands of unemployed Americans, and it reminds me that he encourages Mexicans to stay here illegally and steal American jobs.
That is unforgivable, and it will never matter what righteous thing he does; (if he does)
He is a DICKHEAD.
Shut the fuck up idiot. It's the big businesses outsourcing and bankers that are causing economy to collapse that are causing it.....and guess what it's THE AVERAGE AMERICAN WHO SUPPORT ALL THIS BY DOING NOTHING BECAUSE OF THEIR COMFY LIFE STYLE ARE ULTIMATELY THE REASON FOR ALL THIS..... DUMB ASS
Anonymous Coward 599500
GihadMuthaFucka 930321
Anonymous Coward 599500 you must be part of the occupy crowd. Your words remind me of this complete idiot I once new, he ate his own feces to why, a complete lack of a brain stem. Corporate america is what makes the jobs, pays the salary's of every person working. As for the illegals they should be tossed out on their fourth point of contact. They come here without following the right process and expect you, me and all of america to foot their bills. It is time to grow up, smell the coffee and do something other than blame some rich guy for your lack of balls to do anything except bitch. Now you go fuck off and get out of my country that I shed blood for you fucking dick wad ass eating shit faced cum guzzling quife.
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The dangers of ramen noodles are self-evident to most, however there will always be those who will deny the dangers of consuming them.
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No surprises here. When taxes, regulations and spending are all cut, the free market can breathe again.
A report released on Monday by the Congressional Budget Office projects that the federal debt will be $30 trillion within a decade, citing new spending, tax cuts, and ObamaCare as some of the primary causes.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution — centered in China where indusrtrial robots are replacing humans — has many side benefits in addition to lower costs and higher standards of living.
The Federal Reserve will not be audited any time soon, but its manipulations may soon lead to a sound money revolution.


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About Apex Dynamics
Apex Dynamics runs faster!
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An expedition to Antarctica is testing the limits of human perseverance and ingenuity. Wilco van Rooijen and Edwin ter Velde…Read more »
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You are going to have another baby – but when and how do you break the news to your older child?It seems that both experts and moms have different opinions about the best time to share your pregnancy news with older children. Gina Bangert, of Martinez, California, chose to tell her two-year-old daughter about their new baby as Bangert entered her second trimester, once her chances of having a spontaneous miscarriage decreased. But Nancy O'Reilly, Psy.D., a clinical psychologist in
When those two pink lines confirmed I was pregnant with Baby Number Two, I breathed a huge sigh of relief. Not only had the ovulation predictor helped ensure conception, but I was now a veteran pregger—and much more relaxed about the next nine months.I thought about all the things I wished I had known the first time—realities about pregnancy that would have saved me a lot of worry and hand-wringing. Like the fact that lower abdominal aches don't mean you're necessarily having an
Let's face it, pregnancy comes with its share of uncomfortable sensations. There's swelling, lightheadedness, teenage-style acne, and more. The amount of potential side effects to growing and developing a new life are enough to make your head spin. But if you ran off to the emergency room every time you had back pain or felt nauseated, you'd never be at home.By and large, the weird physical and emotional feelings you'll experience are par for the course during pregnancy. But there are a few
What you eat during pregnancy has a direct impact on your developing baby. The more nutritious choices you make today, the better off your little one will be. Throughout these nine months, your child is growing and changing at a remarkable pace - it almost seems as if one day he or she is a clump of cells, and the next a little being who hiccups in your womb!All of these incredible changes are made possible by baby's heart, which is already pumping blood by your seventh week of
Key ways to stay connected and enjoy pregnancy, birth, and beyond! Is the dad-to-be in your life feeling sidelined during your pregnancy? While there's not much you can do about who carries your growing and developing baby (we wish!), there are some important ways to help your partner feel like he's really needed. Whether he's ready to jump into this new venture enthusiastically, or if he prefers to take baby steps, we've compiled plenty of ways to get dad-to-be involved, connected, and fully
Let's face it: Childbirth is no walk in the park. But a study published in the Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology offers a glimmer of hope to moms-to-be. It turns out that adding a sweet fruit to your late pregnancy diet could shorten labor and reduce your risk of being medically induced.So, what should you load up on at the grocery store? Dates.The study, spearheaded by Jordan University of Science and Technology, tracked 69 expectant moms over the last four weeks of pregnancy
Think you have it rough as an expectant mom? Imagine if your partner were pregnant, too! There'd be no one to make midnight ice cream runs, rub your back, or expertly navigate your hormonal mood swings. Here's the story of two women who decided to have a baby together - and were more successful than they ever could have planned. They even gave birth 4 days apart!Source: My Wife and I Are (Both) Pregnant -- The Cut Read more: Woman gives birth at 30,000 feet with help of the airline
For soon-to-be dads, navigating the life-altering and memorable experiences of labor and delivery can feel almost as tough at times as giving birth to a baby themselves. (Just don't say that too loudly around your special lady!)From trying to figure out how to comfort a woman during this painful process to determining when the time is right to head to the hospital, there are a variety of different situations that can occur in between your partner's water breaking and cradling your newborn
Watch as this laboring mom-to-be dances to avoid a c-section. When labor stalled, she flipped on Watch Me (Whip/Nae-Nae) and unknowingly created an inspiring video demonstrating how music and movement can help ease labor pain.As reported by the New York Daily News, the East Point, Georgia woman was determined not to have a c-section. Her nurse advised squats, but happily filmed the new mom dancing between contractions instead.The result: A vaginal birth of a healthy nine pound six
A woman gave birth two months early while on an international flight from Indonesia to Los Angeles. The "very, very pregnant woman" went into labor about halfway through the flight, passenger Amira Rajput told INSIDE EDITION. "We didn't really know that the woman was giving birth," Rajput said. At 30,000 feet, the China Airlines pilot asked if there was a doctor on board, but staff remained calm, Rajput said. Source: Passenger Gives Birth to Premature Baby at 30,000 Feet With Help


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Easy money for Radiata StoriesHome / Playstation 2 /
This page contains Radiata Stories Hints for Playstation 2 called "Easy money" and has been posted or updated on Mar 4, 2009 by Itsjohn.
- Developer: Tri-ace
- Publisher: Square Enix
- Genre: Role-Playing Action RPG
- Release: Sep 6, 2005
- ESRB: Teen
Easy money
Once in the bedroom and you have control of your character, you can kick the left desk to obtain ten coins. You can also kick the two beds to obtain additional items. Afterwards, leave the room, and kick the guard outside. You will receive one coin. You can do this for an unlimited amount of times. If you have a controller with an auto-fire feature, you can set it overnight to accumulate money easily.
Please Submit a Problem for any incomplete, non-working or fake cheat listed above.
Stuck in this game? Set a specific, clearly defined question and let other gamers answer your question or view answers to previously asked questions. If you think you are an expert then please try to help others with their questions.
From: cris
Posted on: 09-02-2011
Radiata Stories - Trailer, intro and gameplay
- Jun 6, 2014, Views: 114
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SAS: Zombie Assault 3Universal App – Optimized for iPhone and iPad.
Published by: Kaiparasoft Ltd
App Description
Elite SAS operatives handle the darkest missions, the worst hot zones - things we are not meant to know. Inserted without backup, either alone or as a 4 person squad, you will be sought by the walking dead, by hordes of unspeakable numbers. Your only option - paint the ground with every last one of them.
From the creators of Bloons TD 5 comes the best action shooter on iOS! Rank up 50 times and unlock awesome weapons and perks with every rank. Dozens of guns and special weapons, 5 unique maps, and hundreds of zombies on screen at a time.
And that's just single player! Play co-op multiplayer at any time with super-easy matchmaking geared to your level. Huge fun to jump into a game at the same time with friends, and doesn't matter what iOS you have - iPads play seamlessly with iPhones.
Based on the ground-breaking flash game by Ninja Kiwi, but completely rebuilt and optimized for iOS, SAS 3 has been battle hardened by millions of plays and undergone extensive tuning and balancing to create the best action shooter available on the App Store!
Killer Features:
- Intense zombie-blasting action shooter gameplay!
- Eviscerate the zombie hordes in single player or in 4 player co-op multiplayer
- 50 Ranks to unlock, each granting access to a new weapon or perk
- 44 devastating weapons like Auto Shotguns, Browning Machine Guns, Flamethrowers, and RPGs
- 2 Sentry gun classes and 3 grenade types for serious room clearing
- 5 challenging maps, each with very different hazards and kill zones
- 9 relentless zombie types, with graphics that support hundreds on screen
- 3 vicious game modes - Onslaught, Purge, and Apocalypse
- Multiplayer play from anywhere in the world, whether on iPad, iPhone, or other smartphone platforms
Updated Login System helps prevent data loss, and assists support in recovery. Please do not try to use your Ninja Kiwi web login - this is a separate system, so you'll need to create a separate login.
What's new in version 3.0
3.00 update: :: new in-game currency to purchase premium items! :: create and join squads :: tournaments :: squad events :: squad chat :: new player profile
Need help? Use our SAS: Zombie Assault 3 Walkthrough or sign up and make your contribution today.
Latest App Activity
SAS: Zombie Assault 3
View All Activity »
SAS: Zombie Assault 3 is a universal app, and is available on the iTunes App Store for free with in-app purchases. The game is compatible with all devices running iOS 4.3 or later, including the new iPhone 6 and iPad Mini. To download the SAS Zombie Assault 3 app, just scan the QR code with your device or click the button below to go to the app's download page.
If you've enjoyed this app, rate and review it on the App store and in the comments section below.
iPhone/iPad Screenshots
Customer Reviews
In-app purchases. I been playing this games since it came out on the mobile platform, and I've loved it. But, recently when I reinstalled it, I
tried restoring my in-app purchases, and it didn't restore them. I then had to buy these purchases, again, in order to get them
back. If you could fix this problem, that woul
??. How do u get the reward when u finish all the challenges
Love the game: Update please. I am a long time SAS player on PC and iOS, and I would love to see another update for the iOS version... Other than that, great
Can't register. I have tried to register my email but it does not let me why have the option when you can't even use it
More updates!. Absolutely love the game, but should definitely have some more updates. Some people prefer this one over the newer game
Share this Review
This review of SAS Zombie Assault 3 was written by Carol Swift
To find and download the latest version of SAS Zombie Assault 3, click on the Download button.
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Two men were taken into custody just north of Madras on Wednesday, one of them quickly and the other after he ran and hid in a nearby residence, prompting an hours-long standoff and region-wide police response, police said.
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