text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 12, 2002
|Filing date
|Jun 29, 2001
|Priority date
|Jun 29, 2001
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Carl Taussig
|Original Assignee
|Hewlett Packard Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (31), Classifications (9), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention relates to the field of digital memory circuits, and in particular to using multiplexing and modulating techniques in order to reduce the number of interconnections required between a memory array and an interface circuit.
Many consumer devices are now constructed to generate and/or utilize digital data in increasingly large quantities. Portable digital cameras for still and/or moving pictures, for example, generate large amounts of digital data representing images. Each digital image may require up to several megabytes (MB) of data storage, and such storage must be available in the camera. To provide for this amount of data storage application, the storage memory should be relatively low in cost for sufficient capacities of around 10 MB to 1 gigabyte (GB). The storage memory should also be low in power consumption (e.g. <<1 Watt) and have relatively rugged physical characteristics to cope with the portable battery powered operating environment. For archival storage, data need only be written to the memory once. Preferably the memory should have a short access time (in the order of milliseconds) and moderate transfer rate (e.g. 20 Mb/s). Preferably, also, the storage memory should be able to be packaged in an industry standard interface module, such as a Memory Stick or Compact Flash Card.
One form of storage currently used in portable devices such as digital cameras is flash memory. This meets the desired mechanical robustness, power consumption, transfer, and access rate characteristics mentioned above. However, a major disadvantage is that Flash memory remains relatively expensive ($1.50-$2 per MB). Because of the price it is generally unreasonable to use Flash memory storage as an archive device, thus requiring data to be transferred from it to a secondary archival storage.
Magnetic "hard disk" storage can be used for archival storage, even in portable devices. Miniature hard disk drives are available for the PCMCIA type III form factor such as IBM's Microdrive, offering capacities of up to 1 GB. However, such disk drives are still relatively expensive ($0.5 per MB), at least partially because of the relatively high fixed cost of the disk controller electronics. Miniature hard drives have other disadvantages when compared to Flash memory, such as lower mechanical robustness, higher power consumption (˜2 to 4 Watt), and relatively long access times (˜10 ms).
Recordable optical storage discs can similarly be used, and removable optical discs offer one large advantage compared to the hard disk. The removable optical media is very inexpensive, for example of the order of $0.03 per MB for Minidisc media. However, in most other respects optical discs storage compares poorly with magnetic hard disks including relatively poor power consumption, mechanical robustness, bulk and access performance.
Another form of archival storage is described in co-pending U.S. Patent application Ser. No. 09/875,356 entitled "Write-Once Memory", filed Jun. 5, 2001 the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. The memory system disclosed therein aims to provide high capacity write-once memory at low cost for archival storage. This is realized in part by providing a portable, inexpensive, rugged memory system (PIRM) that avoids silicon substrates and minimizes process complexity. The PIRM memory system includes a memory module formed of a laminated stack of integrated circuit layers constructed on plastic substrates. Each layer contains a cross-point diode memory array, and sensing of the data stored in the array is carried out from a separate integrated circuit remotely from the memory module. The probable lowest cost implementation of the PIRM memory system is one in which the controller and other reusable electronics are either embedded in the appliance or reside in an adapter that inserts into a memory card slot. The PIRM memory module would connect via a proprietary interface to the controller. A difficultly with this approach is that making the connection between the controller and the memory module may involve a large number of connections, on the order of 120 or more. Making a low cost, compact, reliable controller to accommodate that many connectors is challenging.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate these and other advantages and benefits of various embodiments of the invention upon reading the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment with reference to the below-listed drawings.
In one aspect, the invention is a memory device. The memory device comprises a plurality of memory layers, wherein each of the plurality of layers includes a memory array; a plurality of signal modulating circuits coupled to each of the memory arrays; and a line reduction circuit coupled to the each of the plurality of memory layers. Furthermore, each of the plurality of signal modulating circuits comprises a band-pass filter circuit coupled to a rectifier circuit in series. The memory device further comprises an interface and control circuit coupled to the line reduction circuit via an interface connection. Also, the memory array is a cross-point memory array. And the line reduction circuit is a multiplexing/demultiplexing circuit. Also, the line reduction circuit is implemented on a thin non-semiconductor substrate.
In a second aspect, the invention is a memory device comprising a cross-point memory array having first and second sets of transverse electrodes and an addressing circuit; a filter and rectifier circuit connected in series; and a line reduction circuit; wherein the filter and rectifier circuit spreads predetermined signals across a frequency spectrum. Furthermore, the line reduction circuit comprises multiplexer and demultiplexer circuits. The memory device includes at least one of filters and the rectifier circuits are coupled to a power supply. And filter is a band-pass filters and the rectifier circuit includes a diode. The memory device includes the first and second sets of transverse electrodes are formed with respective memory elements formed at the crossing points of the first and second set of electrodes. Also, the memory has the first connections couple each memory array electrode in the first set to a respective unique subset of the first set of address lines and the second connections couple each memory array electrode in the second set to a respective unique subset of the second set of memory array electrodes. The memory device further comprises an interface circuit which is coupled to each of the plurality of memory layer circuits.
In a third aspect, the invention is a method for reducing the number of interconnections between a memory module and a memory controller comprising the steps of: addressing a memory element in the memory array by applying a predetermined electrical signal to the first and second set of predetermined lines to enable the state of the memory element; and transmitting the addresses from the memory array to an interface and control circuit by spreading multiple memory element addresses over a predetermined frequency spectrum. The method includes the steps of spreading multiple memory element addresses is carried out using a filter and rectifier circuit connected in series and multiplexing the spread addresses and transmitting the address to said interface and control circuit via an interface.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate these and other advantages and benefits of various embodiments of the invention upon reading the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment with reference to the below-listed drawings.
The invention is described in greater detail hereinafter, by way of example only, through description of a preferred embodiment thereof and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a write-once memory system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the write-once memory system illustrating the general structure of a memory module thereof;
FIG. 3 is block diagram of the memory module as set forth in the preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is an illustration of the RC band-pass filter network coupled to the rectifier circuit; and
FIG. 5 is an illustration of waveforms output from the addressing circuit.
In the following description, where "data" is referred to, it will be appreciated that such "data" may be represented in different ways depending upon the context. As an example, a voltage level, a magnetic state, or a physical characteristic such as electrical resistance that presents a measurable effect such as voltage or current level or change to a sensing circuit, for instance, might represent "data" in a memory cell. On the other hand, on a bus or during transmission such "data" might be in the form of an electrical circuit or voltage signal. Furthermore, herein "data" in most circumstances is primarily binary in nature which may be for convenience be referred to as represented by states of "0" and "1", but it will be appreciated that the binary states in practice might be represented by relatively different voltages, currents, resistances or the like and it is generally immaterial whether a particular practical manifestation represents a "0" or a "1".
An embodiment of the invention as described in detail hereinafter provides a portable, inexpensive, rugged memory (PIRM) system that is particularly useful for data storage in appliances such as digital cameras and portable digital audio devices, among other things, although those skilled in the art will appreciate that the memory system and its various components and aspects can also be used in many other applications. In the described embodiment, the memory system is incorporated into an industry standard compact flash memory.
A memory card 10 is illustrated in block diagram form in FIG. 1. The memory card 10 has an I/O interface connector 12 through which communication is carried out between the card 10 and a device 2 to which it is coupled. The interface connector 12 is coupled to an interface and control circuit 14 which is connected to a removable memory module 20. The memory module 20 provides circuitry for write-once data storage including write enabling, and addressing/sensing functions. The interface and control circuit 14 comprises circuitry for control, interface, detection, and error correction coding (ECC) for each removable memory module 20. The memory module 20 is received in a connector device in a memory card 10, so that it may be removed therefrom and replaced with another memory module 20. When received in the memory card, the memory module 20 is coupled to the interface and control circuit 14 through an internal interface 16.
Write-once data storage means that, effectively, data can only be written once to the memory and thereafter it remains unchangeable. In many forms of write-once memory it is not strictly true that the data stored therein cannot be changed at all after being initially written, however, in general it cannot be changed arbitrarily, as those skilled in the art will appreciate. For example, most write-once memories are fabricated with each memory cell in a first binary state (e.g. representing a binary "0"), and during a write procedure selected memory cells are changed into a second binary state (e.g. representing a binary "1"). Often the change in the memory cell from the first binary state to the second binary state is irreversible, such that once a data "1" is written it cannot be changed back to a data "0". This restricts the changes to the stored data that can be made after it has been written to the memory. Data can only be written once and thereafter a data "0", for example, can only be changed to a data "1" and, not the other way around.
Since the memory module 20 contains write-once memory, it is appropriate for archival data storage wherein the data, once stored, is preserved. This is somewhat like a photographic film, where pictures are stored thereon once, and the developed film is kept as a permanent record. Therefore, once the memory module 20 has been filled to capacity with data, another is required for further data storage. It would be possible to replace the entire memory card 10 in the device 2, however, that would mean the interface and control circuitry 14, as well as, the memory card structure is archived along with the memory module. In order to reduce the data storage costs, it is desirable that reusable and relatively expensive components of the memory system not be permanently coupled to the actual storage memory, and for that reason the memory module 20 is removable from the memory card 10 in a preferred embodiment. Therefore, the memory modules 20 for insertion therein are fabricated inexpensively as discussed further herein below.
The control/interface circuitry 14 may generally resemble an "AT" style disk controller circuit, further including ECC and defect management functions, as well as, functions required to operate the memory module 20. These functions include: writing to the memory module including setting write voltages, setting write enable lines and controlling power supply striping; addressing the memory by converting logical addresses to address line patterns required to access physical memory locations; and data read processing of sense line outputs.
The control/interface circuitry 14 may also provide functions to emulate certain features of rewritable memory cards, such as logical deletion of data files and the like. Such functions of the interface/control circuitry 14 can be implemented without difficulty in a custom integrated circuit, for example. The details of the required functions outlined above will become more fully understood from the following description of the structure and operation of the memory module 20.
The internal interface 16 is provided for coupling between the interface/control circuitry 14 and the memory module 20 in the memory card 10. The internal interface 16 receives the memory module and provides electrical connections between the interface and control circuitry 14 and memory module 20. A suitable form of plug and socket arrangement may be employed, although the most appropriate structure depends strongly upon the actual number of connections to be made. Connecting contacts on the memory module can be formed on the external surface thereof, for example, as described hereinafter, to enable edge connection schemes or land grid array (LGA) connections. Many kinds of connection schemes are possible, as will be recognized by those skilled in the art for implementation without undue difficultly.
A diagrammatic block representation of the memory module 20 is shown in FIG. 2, coupled to the interface and control circuit 14. In order to maximize the storage capacity of the memory module 20, the module 20 is constructed from a stack of laminated layers 22. Each layer 22 has an array 36 of memory elements that provide the data storage (as will be discussed in further detail with regard to FIG. 3). The layers 22 also include modulating circuitry 28 coupled to the respective memory layers 22 and to a multiplexing/demultiplexing circuitry 24. The modulating circuitry 28 reduces the number address and sense lines output from the layers 22 by a predetermined multiplicative factor. The modulating circuitry 24 spreads the address and sense lines, output from the array over a predetermined frequency spectrum. Accordingly, multiple signals can be transmitted over a single line. The multiplexing/demultiplexing circuitry 24 outputs the combined signals through the memory system interface 16 to the interface and control circuit 14. The modulating circuitry 28 on each layer 22 enables fewer interconnecting conductors between the layers of the memory module, which facilitates ease of fabrication and thus lowers costs. The multiplexing/demultiplexing circuit 24 reduces the number of interconnections between the memory module 20 and the controller 14 by multiplexing the number of signals carried on each line in a manner well known in the art.
The multiplexing/demultiplexing circuitry 24 is an additional layer of electronics that is capable of consolidating the address, sense, and power supply lines (not shown) generated by the memory modules of each layer 22, into a small number of lines. There are several possible technologies that might be suitable for performing line reduction. For example, Screen Print TFT(s) and Electrostatic relays could also be used to perform the conversion. These devices are discussed further in the above-mentioned co-pending application entitled, "Write-Once Memory." However, the preferred embodiment of the invention employs passive components such as resistors and capacitors. These components can be inexpensively fabricated on a flexible substrate.
The address lines control which element in the memory array 36 whose state is detected by the sense line or lines on that layer 22. To minimize the number of interconnections the address lines are connected in parallel across all the layers 22, however, each layer 22 must contain at least one sense line. There maybe more than one sense line in an array 36. There may also be multiple memory arrays 36 on each layer 22 each with common address lines and independent sense lines. During the write process the sense lines serve as write enable lines allowing independent data to be written on a series of bits addressed in common. The addressing and sensing scheme is described in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/875,496 entitled, "Addressing and Sensing a Cross-Point Diode Memory Array", the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference.
The interface and control circuit 14 is tab-bonded in a recess of a thin printed circuit board and attached to the memory module layers 22 and the line reduction circuit 24. The multiplexing/demultiplexing circuitry layer 24 is fabricated on a flexible substrate in order to reduce costs.
FIG. 3 illustrates the preferred embodiment of the memory module array 30. The array 30 of memory elements is formed on each of the layers 22 in the memory module 20. The memory module array 30 is a cross point diode array with addressing and sensing circuitry. As shown, the array 30 has column electrodes 32 and row electrodes 34 separated in groups of three. Boxes labeled (F1-F6) 50 and Rect. 48 illustrate the RC band-pass network and the rectifier circuit respectively. The RC band-pass network and the rectifier circuit are the modulation circuit 28.
Diodes are formed the intersections of the electrodes, creating the cross-point diode memory array 36. In the Figure diode elements that are intact are indicated by an "O" at the respective intersection, and diode elements that are blown are indicated by an "X". The cross-point memory array 36 shown bas no data stored in it and thus all of the diodes therein are intact. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, each memory element comprises a fuse element (not shown) coupled in series with a diode element (not shown). The fuse element provides the actual data storage effect of the memory element, whilst the diode facilitates isolation of the memory elements from one another in the cross-point memory array during the read and write processes. The fuse element may be realized as a separate element that will open a circuit when a critical current is passed through or it may be incorporated in the diode. One of ordinary skill can appreciate that a diode and anti-fuse in series may also be employed as a memory element.
The row and column electrodes (32, 34) extend out from the cross-point array 36 and are terminated by pull-up/pull-down resistors 38. Groups of the pull-up/pull-down resistors have their free ends connected in common. These groups are referred to as stripes. For example, each stripe on FIG. 3 contains 3 three rows or columns. The purpose of the stripes is to facilitate applying power to a sub-section of the array and thereby reduce the overall power consumption. On the row electrodes, the row stripes are coupled to corresponding rectifier circuits 48 that are in turn coupled to RC band-pass filters F4-F6 respectively. On the column electrodes, the pull-down resistors 38 are coupled to corresponding RC band-pass networks F1-F3 respectively. Each of the stripes of the memory module array makes a separate connection to a power supply V or −V. Crossing the column electrodes 34 between the cross point array 36 and the terminating resistors 38 are a plurality of column address lines 40 and at least one column sense line 42. The column address lines 40 and column sense line(s) 42 are formed on the same conductive layer as the row electrodes so that where they cross the column electrodes diodes junctions are formed there between. Blowing selected ones of the columns address line elements, leaving entact the desired diode connections, forms the address line group/node arrangement described above. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that this programming of the addressing circuitry can be finalized after the fabrication of the circuitry.
Row address lines 44, and as a minimum, one row sense line 46 NOT SHOWN IN FIG. 3 similarly cross the row electrodes 34. The row address lines 44 and the row sense line(s) 46 are formed on the same conductive layer as the column electrodes, creating row address diodes and row sense diodes (not shown).
The Filters F1-F6 are preferably simple band-pass filters. FIG. 4 illustrates a band-pass filter Fn and a rectifier circuit 48 that makes-up the modulation circuit 28. The Figure also illustrates three waveforms that depict the input signal at three points; the input 42, output 44 of the band-pass filter, and the output of the rectifier respectively 48. The band-pass filter circuit 50 is composed of RC components coupled to a power supply V. The rectifier circuit 58 is connected in series to the band-pass filter circuit 50. The rectifier circuit 58 comprises a diode in series with a capacitor. One of ordinary skill in the art recognizes that this is only one of many possible implementations of this network.
When an AC signal of the appropriate frequency is present at the input 42 a negative DC voltage is produced at the output 46. In other cases, the DC signal at the output is driven to +V helping to reverse bias the diode in the rectifier circuit. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize that the passive components could be rectifiers or high Q (quality) electro-mechanical filters, as well as, RC networks.
Referring back to FIG. 3, the memory module array 30 can be configured to reduce the connections required between the interface circuit 16 and the controller 14. The power supply is coupled to the band-pass filters F1-F6, and rectifier 48. Applying a voltage to one of the three row groups and an opposing voltage to one of the three column groups (for example, F1 and F6 and leaving the others open, we can activate any of one of nine sub-arrays in the cross-point array 36. If each of the RC band-pass filters F1-F6 50 is tuned to a different frequency then each can be selectively excited (assuming adequate separation of the frequencies). The result is that address, sense and power signals can be spread over the frequency spectrum, thus a single line can be used to carry multiple signals. The signals are then applied to the line reduction circuit 24, which transmits the signals via the interface connector 16, to the interface and control circuit 14.
The above stated method illustrates how the numbers of interconnections required for the sense, address and power lines can be reduced. Hereinafter, is a method of how the sense lines 42 in the memory module 20 in particular, can be reduced.
The band-pass filter/rectifier circuits (50/48) are coupled to the cathodes of the memory diodes and the only band-pass filters circuits 48 are coupled to the anodes. (The cathodes and the anodes of the memory diodes are not shown) When a memory diode in an active sub-array is addressed, it will have an AC signal applied to it.
The diodes are biased such that an intact data diode will remain in conduction continuously and that the base cathode of the data diode is held below ground. A sense diode (a diode on either the column/row sense line) is connected to the anode of the data diode and that the cathode of that diode is effectively tied to ground.
In the case when the data diode is intact, no current will flow through the sense diode. In the case when the data diode is blown, a half-wave rectified current signal will flow through the sense diode. If the sense lines from different physical layers 22 are connected (or from any addressed diodes whose row and column lines contain no intersections, i.e. the row line of data diode A does not intersect the column line of data diode B, nor does the column line of data diode A intersect the row line of data diode B. This condition will upset the biasing of the array), then the currents from the various blown diodes will sum on a common sense line. The currents on the common sense line can be used to reduce the number of sense line connections required.
FIG. 5 shows an illustration of multiple currents 50 for two blown addressed diodes connected to a common upper sense line. The individual current waveforms with their sums 50 are shown. Assuming all the addressed diodes on the common sense line are driven at different frequencies. The state of all the addressed diodes on the sense line can be determined. A sense line connected to the cathodes of the same set of addressed data diodes, referred to as the lower sense line, arranged so that the cathodes of its sense diodes are connected to the cathodes of the data diodes and so that the anodes of its sense diodes are all connected to the lower sense line. The lower sense line is in turn biased at ground can be used to provide checksum information. It will carry one diode current for each blown diode. Each intact diode will also produce a "half-wave-rectified" current at the frequency of the modulation applied to the data diode. This information can be used in conjunction with the AC information supplied by the upper sense line to verify the state of the diodes. Note that the information from the lower sense line alone is insufficient to uniquely determine the state of the diodes.
The foregoing description of a preferred embodiment of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of the invention. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to explain the principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims appended hereto, and their equivalents.
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|Taussig Carl P
|Logical arrangement of memory arrays
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|Scheuerlein Roy E
|Multi-use memory cell and memory array
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 16, 2002
Owner name: HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY, COLORADO
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|May 12, 2006
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|Apr 26, 2011
Owner name: SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD., KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, L.P.;HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:026198/0139
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|Fee payment
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text:
In it's essence, A WINTER ROSE is the triumphant story of a young girl who must overcome all odds to realize her ultimate dream in life. It is a story of love, friendship and following your dream. I believe that at the foundation of every film there is a timeless story. It is my hope that A WINTER ROSE is one such tale.
Winter Rose (Kimberly Whalen) was abandoned by her birth parents and placed in an orphanage as an infant. Despite her profound gift as a vocalist and lyric writer she is reluctant to pursue a career in music due to her deep fear of rejection. When she is miraculously chosen by her vocal idol, Rachal Love (Theresa Russell), to take the torch as the world's next super diva, Winter must find the courage to face her fears, overcome her tumultuous life and realize her dream.
As a filmmaking storyteller, this project excites me with its well-balanced narrative and extraordinary characters. It was conceived as a showcase for acting prowess and will demand that every player is a world-class talent. It is with this in mind that we have cast the film with such actors as Paul Sorvino, Theresa Russell, Billy Zane, Robert Miano, Eddie Furlong, George Lazenby, Samaire Armstrong and introducing Kimberly Whalen.
Another aspect of this project that holds much appeal for me is the musical element. The film features an entirely original song score that is performed by our cast. I tried to instill the songs with a sense of timelessness, meant for a singer with extraordinary talents like Kimberly Whalen. It is my hope that the film and soundtrack album will be companion items that receive equal attention.
A WINTER ROSE represents a passion project for me as a director. The combination of timeless story, stirring music and highly engaging characters makes this the ideal project to express my love for both music and cinema.
Riz Story held numerous positions in his debut as a filmmaker on A Winter Rose. Story wrote, produced (with Robert Miano), directed, oversaw the cinematography, and worked on the post-production. In addition, he oversaw the editing, the score (Story composed and performed all of the instrumentation for both the song score and the theatrical score, as well as handled the mixing and mastering), the sound edit, sound design, and completed the Dolby digital mix for the film. Story along with noted colorist/restorationist John Sellars (Sound of Music, Westside Story etc.) and computer animation veteran Christian Cunningham (Lord of the Rings, Shrek, The Matrix Reloaded etc.) completed the post-production.
Story's strong background and experiences in music production and performance helped guide him during the making of his very first independent film. Forming the band ANYONE in the 90's with drummer Taylor Hawkins (Foo Fighters, Alanis Morrisette) and Jon Davison (Yes). Story has written and produced with such luminaries as Paula Abdul, Jane's Addiction and many more. Story is currently leading a new band called INFINIKA, which features KORN drummer David Silveria and contributed 6 songs to the film sound track.
Hollywood's Chinese Theater May 29th
Opening Night Film 17th Dances With Films film festival
EXCLUSIVE CELEBRITY RECEPTION - Roosevelt Hotel, Hollywood.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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1. Remove some filters or zoom out2. Save this search to get a heads up when new homes hit the market.
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house3296 sqftSingle Family Home More
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houseLarge 3 bedroom apartment in a log cabin built in 2000 located convenient to Middlebury and... More
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house3200 sqftImpeccably maintained 3000+-sq. ft. family home on 4 private acres in Charlotte's desirable... More
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house2600 sqftBeautiful 4 bedroom single family house at great location -2600 sq ft -Kitchen w/hardwood floor,... More
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rental800 sqftWHERE STRESS AND TROUBLES GO TO DIE . . . Located on the quieter west side of Lake Dunmore, "Camp... More
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rental1800 sqftSouth-facing condo in small association. 3 bedrooms plus 2nd floor den and 3rd floor office. 7... More
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rental1020 sqft2 Bedroom Apartment available for May 1st Located on the 2nd floor of the Shelburne Residences... More
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townhouse1700 sqftThis unit is 3 years old and in mint condition. No shoe rule, non smoking unit has been taken... More
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Summary for Middlebury, VT
Median rental price for rentals in Middlebury, VT for April was $1,800, an increase of 100% compared to the same period last year.


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Super clean, easy to get in.. ITS open 24 hours a day! really nice equipment and staff is super friendly and helpful!
Fernley Gym
1. Amh Yerington
1201 Penny Ln # 120Fernley, NV 89408
2. Anytime Fitness
1201 Penny Ln Ste 120Fernley, NV 89408
Super clean, easy to get in.. ITS open 24 hours a day! really nice equipment and staff is super friendly and helpful!
3. CurvesServices
1420 US Highway 95A N Ste 2Fernley, NV 89408
4. Liberty Fitness
400 US Highway 95A S AlternateFernley, NV 89408
5. Planet Fitness
Reno, NV 89502
6. Steamboat Hot Springs
Reno, NV 89511
7. Anatomie Fitness
100 W Liberty St, Sweet 190 Reno NV, 89501Reno, NV 89501
8. Mister,"smellgood."
Serving the Fernley Area.
From Business: mister smellgood retails 100% designer fragrances, gift sets, aromatherphy, and candles.
9. European Fitness-Business Office
Serving the Fernley Area.
10. Ken Shamrock' s Lions Den MMA & Fitness
Reno, NV 89502
11. Fit 4 America
Reno, NV 89502
12. Yoga By Charles
Serving the Fernley Area.
13. Elite Fitness
Martha is an amazing trainer! She takes into consideration what my personal goals and limitations are and helps me achieve them. Best part is she i…
14. Northern Nevada Wellness
Reno, NV 89501
15. Dana Desarle Systems
Reno, NV 89521
16. Shake Rattle and Pole
Serving the Fernley Area.
From Business: Pole Dancing Parties/Class for Women. We are MOBILE and come to your location for Sassy, Classy, Fun and Fitness. Designed for ALL sizes and shapes of women and ins…
17. Nevada State Parks
1971 W Fir StSilver Springs, NV 89429
18. Sports West Athletic ClubServices
Home away from home! The staff is friendly. They are open 24 hours. The club has everything you need! The best classes, trainers & instructors!
19. High Sierra Gymnastics Inc.
It is a great gym! My daughter has loved being there for years.
20. Deltchev Gymnastic Academy
9716 S Virginia St Suite 200Reno, NV 89511
21. European Fitness Inc
2999 S Virginia StReno, NV 89502
From Business: Comfortable, Affordable, Family-Oriented Fitness and Exercise Facilities.
22. Gymnastics Nevada
Gymnastics Nevada offers all sort of classes daily: from the tots on up to the teams. The staff and coaches are very friendly. The gym is clean and …
23. Gymnastics Nevada
Great convenient gym with smart athletic coaches
24. Double Diamond Athletic Club
I love this place! A little pricey for a club but well worth it. I wouldn't work out anywhere else.
25. Ballantine's Ballroom & School Of Dance
I've been taking ballroom dance lessons from Jim Ballantine for about 3 years. His teaching techniques are fabulous. I have had lessons from other…
26. Jensen Tony DC Chiropractor
495 Apple StReno, NV 89502
From Business: We are the best in town
27. Frank A. Shallenberger MD HMDServices
Serving the Fernley Area.
From Business: Alternative & Anti-Aging Medicine For Over 30 Years The Nevada Center is a unique, state of the art, full service medical clinic, offering individualized treatment …
Showing1-27 of 27results


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So delighted with your visit and generous comments, SD34 and Petr. It was my lucky evening. Warm regards, Judith
WOW!!! Beautiful colours in a beautiful picture!! Lovely! YSL
Best wishes and have a nice week. Begoña
Thank you very much, Begona. Nature can be such an incredible artist. Best, Judith
nice colors L
Thank you Anonimus82. It was my lucky day. Warm greetings, Judith
Like43. Beautiful sunset image, amazing colors.
Kind regards, Leif.
That was my day, Leif. Warm greetings, Judith
Wow!!! LIKE ♥ & ☼✰.
Thank you very much, Arno18. Friendly greetings, Judith
Excellent photo. F/26, L/5! Greetings Mata Hary
Beautiful landscape photo! L+F
Best wishes, Sergey
Thank you very much, Mata Hary and Serget. Have a happy and healthy new year, Judith
Gradation of the beautiful sky! Like.
Thank you, Add Page. Best, Judith
Photo taken in St Johns County, FL, USA


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Inmate moved off death row after strike
Inmate moved off death row after strike
HARTFORD — A Connecticut inmate who launched a hunger strike recently to protest his confinement on death row has been moved to new quarters more than a year after his death sentence was overturned.
Eduardo Santiago told The Associated Press on Tuesday that he is now in a new cell at the Northern Correctional Institution, and has been told he will have access to privileges, such as access to a gymnasium, that are unavailable to death-row inmates.
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Few days ago I had finished the "Slaying the dreamer tournament". I finished 4th. In tournament homepage it was said that for 4th place you earned 69 points. So I took a look on my tournament points and there were no addede points for this tournament. Then I post a question to chess.com staff about that and I got an answer that only first three players earned their points.
Do you have had same problems with your tournament points? I have also another question for chess.com staff. Why do you take yearly statystics for tournaments? When I summarize my points from 2009 and 2010, the points from 2010 are not added to 2009 year points? Why is this happened? Some problems with database? I expect some response from you.
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1/19/2016 - Minic - Bukic, Yugoslavia 1967
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Hall Of Famer Jonathan Ogden, 1-On-1
Jonathan Ogden reflects on his 12-year career.
Head Coach John Harbaugh, TE Dennis Pitta, DB/RS Lardarius Webb, WR Breshad Perriman and DT Timmy Jernigan will address the media following Thursday's practice during the first week of Organized Team Activities.
Watch live on BaltimoreRavens.com and in the Ravens Mobile App.


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|Home > Artists > Jens Larsson >
Jens Larsson (Action Tracks)
Home: Sweden
Swedish Composer Jens Larsson brings us beautiful, emotional, and expressionistic piano-based works in a tasteful Minimalist style. His intriguing Dramatic, Sports, News, Reality, Romantic, Jazz, and Folk music has been featured in several documentary and infomercial films, games, exhibitions, promos, adverts, Norwegian TV, and reality TV shows in the US and Canada including "Project Runway" and "Project Runway All Stars." A skilled pianist and improviser, Jens obtained his Master's in Jazz/Classic piano from the University of Örebro.
|SoundPacks | Instrumental Tracks (644 Tracks) | Vocal Tracks (7) | Sound Effects |
Music Genres For Jens Larsson
Action | African | Cartoon | Childrens | Christmas | Classical | Corporate | Dance | Dangerous | Dramatic | Drums | Electronic | European | Folk | Hip Hop | Horror | Indie Rock | Jazz | Military | New Age | News | Pop | RnB | Rock | Singer/Songwriter | Soundalikes | Spiritual | Sports | Themes | Tropical |
Sound Effect Genres For Jens Larsson
Ringtone |
|Tracks for This Artist
DIRECT URL: http://www.audiosparx.com/JensLarsson
|ARTIST KEYWORDS: Jens Larsson, buyout music, stock music, royalty free music, stock music clips, royalty free music library, download sound effects for children, radio sound effects, sound effect sites, news sound effects, sound dogs, freeringtones, wav ringtones, cell phone ring tones, ringtones gratis, ringtones samsung, Dramatic Jazz sport Classical news solopiano sadness Heartwarming Passionate Romantic Tragic Tragedy Funeral Tearful News Rhythmic Emotional Touching Sad Sorrowful tears infomercial exhibition underscore background music funeral death horror children new age nature meditatetelevision music, production music library, royalty free audio, cheap royalty free music, license music, wav files help, office wav files, sound effects online, downloadable wav sound effects, office wav sounds, free phone ring tones, cellphone ringtones, download ringtone, cell phone tones, ring back tones,


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Our blogs
Our blogs
Advent: Holy is your name
Today we open up our Advent calendar to the Plural Guild and in particular their song Holy is Your Name. They explain:
Wrapping up the successes of 2015
Christmas is a time for reflection, and as we celebrate the 12 days of Christmas, we thought we'd share 12 amazing things we achieved together in 2015.
Why We Love Messy Christingle
Learn how many children making Christingle candles makes for a messy, fun way to learn about the meaning of Christmas.
Advent: 'Who is my mother? Who are my brothers?'
'Who is my mother? Who are my brothers?' 2000 years ago Jesus asked this question. Today, Krish Kandiah asks the same of us…
Advent: More than a woman's song
Mary, a young girl, praises God for all that he has done for her, despite her circumstances. John Bell explores her exhortation, how it celebrates women, and points to the goodness of God.
Thank you for supporting us at Christingle!
For many of us, Christingle is one of the highlights of the Christmas season. This year, we've seen many great tweets and posts from your Christingle. We collected just a few of our favourites below.
If you're going to be at a Christingle soon, we would love to share in the event with you - share a photo with us on Twitter, using the #Christingle hashtag.
Advent: 'The word of our God endures forever'.
Today Krish Kandiah opens up Isaiah 40.1-11 and invites us to reflect on fleeting ambitions that we so often chase, ambitions that are here today and gone tomorrow.
Will the government's plans deliver the best start in life for every child?
Enver Solomon, Policy Director at The Children's Society, shares his views on the government's new report and actions concerning families.
My work experience week at SCARPA by Rachel Ward
Fourteen-year-old Rachel Ward spent a week doing work experience at our SCARPA programme. Here she writes about what it was like.
Volunteers' Week: 'Volunteers are absolutely integral to our work' (video)
This Volunteers' Week, our chief executive thanks every one of our volunteers.
Advent: The cracks between our certainty
Are you too busy to read this today? Certain that you are the most busy person around? Just for a minute, Simon Parke helps us to look beyond that certainty.
Fair and Square - free school meals and more
Free school meals are key to a wider collection of benefits working families in poverty can receive


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Became friends with nemabrand 7/1/2010 7:47 PM
Added reply in a thread Whats your ride ? 6/12/2010 4:32 PM
Upgraded 08 Remedy
Added a new photo album My Whip 6/12/2010 1:52 PM
This photo album has no comments yet
Upgraded 08 Remedy
This photo album has no comments yet
Hello Vital MTB Visitor,
We're conducting a survey and would appreciate your input. Your answers will help Vital and the MTB industry better understand what riders like you want. Survey results will be used to recognize top brands. Make your voice heard!
Five lucky people will be selected at random to win a Vital MTB t-shirt.
Thanks in advance,
The Vital MTB Crew


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As a marketer, you're fighting to win the attention of your customers. And that is a difficult fight. There is so much competing for the customer's attention that you have almost no shot. I mean, really, to get them to actually pay attention to what you're saying is a Herculean task.
So even though your customers might be clicking on your latest listicle, are they reading it to the end? Are they abandoning that post as soon as they realize it's just like 100 other articles they've read?


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Worry People: No Evil 19
Much ado about doing nothing4.57 / 5.00 551 Views
Spirit Chaser
A chip-rock musical type thing4.55 / 5.00 8,505 Views
A group of cosmic "mistakes" rides an elevator across dimensions.4.25 / 5.00 4,843 Views
lol dude
funny stuff real good
Thats Paris For ya!
Lmao to the chinese dude, I laughed his accent when he hit Paris.
If anyone complains about the racial humor, ignore them that was hilarious!! They just need to get a sense of humor. Anyway, this was very funny and very well drawn. I think it's retarded for someone to call you racist just because you have racial humor in this cartoon. It is just a cartoon people, a cartoon that I love! Anyways, you did a great job with this and I hope to see more stuff like this from you. It's an excellent flash for someone who is only 16. I vote 5.
sweet world.....
this rox d000d


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funny, humour, jokes, fun, slogan, cool, hipster, quotes, first, date
This great custom product in purple from our department Women and Hoodie category can be printed just for you in the size and style you like. The design I Fuck on the First Date was created by Quarantine and uploaded to Spreadshirt for you to have printed on a Hoodie. Next to a host of other great customized designs, you can find this I Fuck on the First Date design in Spreadshirt's Jokes category. If you are interested in topics like cool or date, then you'll love I Fuck on the First Date designs by Quarantine. Spreadshirt also offers a huge selection of custom t-shirts, hoodies and accessories for the category Jokes as well as top first clothing. Quarantine's designs have already impressed many of our customers, so we are sure that we've got right stuff for you! Spreadshirt is your destination for great designs of all kinds – whether it's cool, date or first. We are sure that you will find something nice in our shop, there are many amazing custom Jokes t-shirts, hoodies, or accessories for you to find! Tags: Design ID: 10691570
PAPA The Man - The Myth - The Legend Designed by PhLong
Millennium Falcon Blueprint Designed by Mackentee
tardis T-Shirts Designed by killakam
Official Notorious RBG T-Shirts Designed by Notorious RBG
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Beard Rules T-Shirts Designed by Geeking Outfitters
pow design Designed by Joshuwear
Pulp Wars Designed by DesmondDesign
This plush pullover is perfect for the gym, errands or kicking around the house. The midweight fabric makes for a versatile under, over or solo layer. A staple in casual comfort, this classic style is a must-own.
still to fill