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We're in Los Angeles this morning for a crucial hearing in Laura DeCrescenzo's lawsuit against the Church of Scientology. DeCrescenzo is suing over the abuse she says she suffered while a member of Scientology's "Sea Org," including, she alleges, being forced to have an abortion by the church at 17.
The hearing comes less than two weeks after DeCrescenzo filed explosive new evidence gleaned from thousands of pages of documents that Scientology was forced to turn over after the church appealed all the way to Supreme Court to try and keep the material hidden. Please see our story about the contents of those files, which describe Laura's struggles as a homesick 12-year-old working 98-hour weeks for pennies an hour.
There were also documents which bolstered Laura's assertion that the church knew that she had not wanted an abortion when she found out she was pregnant in February 1996. She was told by supervising Sea Org officials that she needed to do what was best for "the greatest good for the greatest number of dynamics," and she felt pressured to terminate the pregnancy.
Laura submitted that evidence because today, she's trying to convince Superior Court Judge Ronald Sohigian that Scientology's strong methods of persuasion and control kept her from filing her lawsuit in a more timely fashion. She left the Sea Org in 2004, but she remained a member of the church until the summer of 2008. Only then, after she learned that her parents had left the church, did she begin to criticize Scientology itself. She left the church for good in January 2009 and then filed her lawsuit in April 2009.
But Scientology argued that Laura should have filed her lawsuit regarding her treatment in the Sea Org within four years of leaving the Sea Org. Judge Sohigian agreed, and dismissed the lawsuit. But Laura appealed, and an appeals court sent it back to Sohigian, telling him that he should have considered evidence that Laura was still being manipulated by Scientology after she had left the Sea Org.
Scientology should not benefit, the appeals court argued, if it took active measures to convince Laura that she should not sue within a timely fashion.
Is the stunning new evidence that Laura filed enough to convince Sohigian this time around that she filed her lawsuit in time? We'll be anxious to find out. We'll be adding live updates at the bottom of the post.
A logistical note: This story will pop up at 7 am Eastern, our standard time for a new morning post. But that's only 4 am in Los Angeles, so please be patient as we get with the swing of things out here. We expect the hearing to get going at about 9 am Pacific, which is noon in New York, 5 pm in London, and 3 am in Sydney. Also, we do not yet know what the rules of the court are regarding equipment, but as soon as we do, we'll let you know when you can expect new updates.
PS: We were traveling all day yesterday, so we were unable to respond to a slightly misleading story about Leah Remini posted by RadarOnline that was then copied all over the place. Despite Radar's claim for an "exclusive," it was two weeks ago when we first reported that Remini's deposition in Monique Rathbun's harassment lawsuit against Scientology leader David Miscavige was postponed along with the deposition of former Scientology spokesman Tommy Davis and others.
It's not true, as Radar implied, that Scientology's attorneys made this happen. Actually, a hearing on jurisdictional matters was moved from October 18 to December 11, giving both sides more time to gather evidence, which included rescheduling the depositions.
And no, Leah Remini's deposition has not been postponed "indefinitely." In fact, new dates on all of the depositions were being worked out this week, and as soon as we know them, we'll certainly let you know.
We can only marvel that out of all the explosive news that rocked Monique Rathbun's lawsuit in the last week, the only thing the mainstream press got out of it was that Leah Remini's deposition had been slightly delayed. Someone, please get them the smelling salts.
Posted by Tony Ortega on October 23, 2013 at 07:00
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Hey, we're in place in Sohigian's courtroom, and we're sitting next to Allison Hope Weiner. Judge Sohigian is dealing with another matter right now. So far we have a somewhat jackleg Internet connection, so we'll just see how long we can go.
There are about 40 seats in the courtroom here, and most of them are taken with folks in fancy suits. We recognize several of them, but this time Scientology's attorneys are all over the place and not just in one group.
Sohigian now calling up another preliminary case.
Judge Ronald Sohigian has a few wisps of grey hair on his balding pate. He wears glasses, and has a fine roman nose. He's a little George C. Scott and a little Uncle Junior in appearance, but he's got a stern, baritone voice that says, "don't even think about questioning what I'm about to say." He's tapping away at a computer right now, fashioning a written order, he said. So far, we've gotten the impression that he likes to get things done, done fast, and doesn't put up with nonsense.
We saw that this morning some of our readers looked around online and found some negative reviews of the judge.
Right now, he seems to be making a very reasonable schedule change for a couple of attorneys. So who knows.
Yet another preliminary case. Both the plaintiff's and defendant's attorneys are on the phone.
Oh, we see that Bert Deixler is here. We didn't see him when we first came in.
He's schooling an attorney for showing up (telephonically) in a lawsuit that centers around a lease dispute, and the attorney doesn't have a copy of the lease to refer to. Gotta side with Sohigian on this one. You don't want to come to this guy's courtroom unprepared.
And Sohigian calls yet another preliminary matter. Bert Deixler goes out for a break. Heck, we wish we could join him.
Some kind of insurance case is before him, and Sohigian is taking the opportunity to describe his entire judicial philosophy and how his court works like no other.
We might appreciate his lengthy dissertation more if we hadn't just experienced the pleasure of LA freeways and missed breakfast to get here on time.
There's definitely a smaller Scientology team here than there was in Texas. No Gary Soter, no Moxon, no Yingling. Warren McShane is here along with about six attorneys.
Not sure what to make of it, that a case that's gone to the US Supreme Court and involves allegations of a 17-year-old girl being forced to have an abortion would call for a legal team less than half of what showed up for a harassment suit in Texas.
Of course the answer is, David Miscavige is personally a defendant there, but he isn't here.
Sohigian's tap-tap-tapping away at another order, this one apparently in a case where no one bothered to show up.
There's more and more squirming going on in the peanut gallery. We're getting the sense that observers and lawyers alike are in some astonishment that Sohigian is typing away at some preliminary matter that could clearly be done at some other time.
The dude is in no rush.
Oh, wait, Gary Soter is here. He was sitting right behind me. I just didn't see him. He just went out to stretch his legs or something.
Sohigian continues to write the Great American Novel at his computer.
Yet another preliminary matter. Parties here this time, at least. Some kind of bankruptcy case with a dispute over a lawyer's fees.
Going to yet another preliminary matter. Allison is keeping us both alive with candy Lifesavers.
Judge Sohigian now explaining to yet another attorney how things work differently in his courtroom. "We do not reserve dates here," he says, and once again talks about the calendars posted on his "westerly wall."
Not being familiar with the ways of Judge Sohigian, we're certain that we're missing some great judicial leap forward here, but can only stand in awe as he soldiers on from the bench.
Judge Sohigian working out some trial dates with some attorneys. We're still waiting.
Just based on what we've seen so far and how some very experienced attorneys seemed a little lost in front of Sohigian, we get the impression that he has come up with a very different way of handling his calendar, and of typing up orders as he goes along. He obviously considers it a superior system, and assuming that his court is as swamped as any other, we really can't blame him for trying out a logistical framework of his own design.
We're keeping in mind: It was Sohigian who ordered that Scientology turn over Laura's pc files to her, and he wasn't swayed by the church's insistence that those records were protected by clergy-penitent privilege.
So the big question is, now that Sohigian has seen what's in those files, will he be persuaded that Laura had reason to file her lawsuit in June 2009 and not earlier?
And we're on!!! Here we go. Attorneys getting into place.
John Blumberg and Kathryn Saldana for Laura. Robert Mengells for RTC, Bert Deixler for CSI.
Judge seems surprised that so many people are here to watch. He asks if he forgot another case or something.
Deixler going first. We're here to resolve two very narrow issues…did evidence dissuade her from filing her lawsuit…
Bert Deixler: The evidence in the case is I think undisputed that there were no representations by defendants that she should not file a lawsuit.
(Scientology never told her not to file her suit, he's saying.)
As Deixler goes on like he's arguing over a broken lease or something, we can't help remember that this is the guy who went to the California and US Supreme Courts to say the material in Laura's pc files was "deeply religious" material. And that material turned out to be things like her homesick letters about missing her mom — at 12 years old.
Bert Deixler now criticizing Laura based on what she said in depositions.
Now he's bringing up the issue of threats or intimidation, which would be a reason that would allow her to file late. But he says what she describes in her declaration are "protected free speech" and things that aren't threats or intimidation.
Bert is saying that Laura is relying on Laura being solicited for Scientology books after she left he Sea Org.
Now he's getting to the freeloader debt. "It is a religious obligation that one meets after departing the Sea Organization." Wow! A religious obligation!
Bert says he's basically pretty unimpressed by Laura's declaration. Well, golly. Who could have seen that coming.
He's saying that what she's submitted does not meet the test that the appeals court set for this hurdle.
Sohigian: Will you please flesh out the argument that some of this are constitutionally protected speech, and that they wouldn't qualify? Can you say how these wouldn't be applicable to the time bar?
Bert now referring to the Headley case. Saying that the Headleys argued that they were worried that they'd be banished if they criticized the church or something. And Bert said that the court found that a church can do that, banish someone.
Sohigian: That's not what I'm asking. Is it your contention that the only excuse for the time bar is the commission by the defendant of actionable behavior? And that behavior that is not actionable can not be the basis for an exception?
Bert Deixler: Yes, the behavior that a previous case said could affect the time bar can't be constitutionally protected behavior, and I thin that's the case here.
They're done.
Now it's Laura's side's turn.
Blumberg: The way we read the court of appeal opinion is that Laura's association with Scientology during her formative years and as a young adult, and in that context, her participation while a member in the Sea Org — basically, if you brought action against the church you'll never see your parents again, you'll be harassed — these are the things she believed would happen if she filed a lawsuit.
Blumberg: Secondly, I think there is a clear difference between Constitutionally protected activity and activity that could be applied to an equitable estoppel.
Sohigian: Let me just ask you about the first leg, the early experience point. Your contention is that experiences she had before she left were so powerful that they themselves constituted an estoppel?
Sohigian: While she was in the organization, she was told that if she leaves or contemplates actions adverse to the organization…dire consequences would ensue. That's your contention?
Blumberg: Yes, but also the things that happened between 2004 and 2009.
Sohigian: What is it that you're saying about those 2004-2009 events? Are you saying those things subjectively so weakened her that she was subjectively incapable earlier filing of the lawsuit? Or are you saying those events objectively … had so much weight their effects lasted after she left the denomination and that constitutes the estoppel? Or are you saying something else? … What the defense saying is that it's not inequitable behavior if it's constitutionally protected or non-actionable. Let's get back to the parameters for estoppel….
Now they're looking at the appeals court ruling again, still trying to define terms.
Laura's attorney now citing some case law.
Blumberg: That is our position, the constitutionally-protected activity is not the shelter behind which they can hide.
Sohigian is taking apart the case law he just cited. Doesn't think it really applies in Laura's case.
Sohigian: I'm asking you about a case in which a potential defendant tries to persuade someone not to sue by assurances of compliance…and tries to say, don't sue me now. In our case, your theory is that Ms. DeCrescenzo was forced to abort hat would have been a viable infant, she was, you're going to say in trial, in essence enslaved. You're going to say to trial she was forced to have abortion because pregnant women have a reduced work capacity, and they want her to work like an automaton and wouldn't have time to care for herself during pregnancy or to take time off to care for an infant for breastfeeding. That would all have been known to Ms. DeCrescenzo that that was what she was subjected to. So what was it that keeps the other side from saying that we didn't do anything to keep her from suing since she knew all that?
Sohigian: Threats to excommunicate, to disassociate, the church can do that as free speech. What's your argument against that?
Blumberg: Our argument is that Laura was brought up with the idea that if she filed a complaint against the church she would be spied on, her family would be broken apart … and even if those are constitutionally protected activities, that still shouldn't allow them keep her from filing sooner.
He points out that after she leaves the Sea Org, they got her a job and that conveniently keeps her under the influence of the church…
Sohigian: Whose convenience is that?
Blumberg fends that off. And keeps going. Will the church have been successful in keeping people from acting because of their influence, he asks. If that works then they will practically forever be immune.
Sohigian: You used the word 'never' or something like that, in other words you impute to the defense conduct that they would dissuade a member for all time.
Sohigian saying that Laura seems to be taking the position that she could any time file a lawsuit, forever, because of this lawsuit, and that there is no time bar at all. (Sohigian saying that's what the church side could complain about.)
Sohigian seems to be arguing that the way Laura's side is arguing this, it goes too far the other way — that there would never be a time bar against filing a lawsuit.
Blumberg: Calls that a straw man argument, an extreme position, and something the court could decide was reasonable or not.
Sohigian: How would the court decide that?
Blumberg: Motion for summary judgment, your honor.
Sohigian: Well, here we are!
Blumberg now referring to the court of appeal ruling, that it said in the court of appeal's mind, this may constitute an estoppel which is allowable by law, and up to trial judge to decide if Laura's argument is reasonable.
So Blumberg saying look, you have the facts to make a decision about this case. But Sohigian punking him a little, saying that if he decides this, what would keep someone else from arguing an even longer delay.
Blumberg again is explaining that the appeals court has asked the trial judge, Sohigian, to make this decision based on the facts in the case.
Sohigian now reading from appeals ruling, which refers to Laura being "brainwashed," and the influence that the church had over her even after she left the Sea Org.
Sohigian still reading from the appellate ruling. Now asking for Blumberg to address when the effects she was under came to an END.
Blumberg seems a bit mystified about this. Laura's team is trying to make the point that in 2008 Laura was still under the influence of Scientology, explaining why she filed her lawsuit late. They just want Sohigian to agree with that.
But Sohigian is saying, well, when did that influence stop? Could she have filed in 2010? 2011? How is he supposed to judge when she was no longer under that influence?
They're now looking through Laura's recent filings. Sohigian wants Blumberg to find something in the appeals ruling that answers question.
Kathryn Saldana finds the passage that they were looking for, and Sohigian now reading from it. They're now looking over the ruling.
He's helping the court reporter get some of that language down properly.
Every time Sohigian reads from the appellate ruling, it seems to bolster Laura's argument. But then Sohigian keeps asking Blumberg to answer questions about it and how the law fits this case.
We're a little confused about what he's doing. Bert Deixler, on the church side, is just waiting patiently. Hard to tell what he thinks of all this.
Sohigian: He's asking again, when did the influence END. Laura's case has been that the influence hadn't ended when left Scientology, and then only a few months later filed her lawsuit. But Sohigian wants to know how much longer could she have waited?
That seems like a weird question. But now Blumberg steps up.
Blumberg: July, 2008.
Sohigian: What happened then?
Blumberg: The realization that her parents would support her and not abandon her if she filed a lawsuit against the church. That's when the clock actually started, he's saying essentially.
Sohigian: Well, if that's the case, what kept Laura from asking her parents earlier if they still loved her — we're paraphrasing.
I think what Sohigian's saying is that if he rules that the influence ended when she stumbled on her parents' computer and saw ESMB, what would keep the defendants (the church) from deposing her and asking why she didn't ask earlier how they felt about her?
Is Sohigian asking that Laura's mistake was not being more curious about her parents earlier?
He's complaining that this would be a result based purely on effects and not a rule. Blumberg now trying to deal with that.
Blumberg says Sohigian's question seems to be, was Laura unreasonable not to ask her questions earlier? And he's saying that falls under the same influence — that Scientology taught her not to ask questions like that.
Sohigian has them go back to the appeal ruling again. He's reading from it.
Sohigian is back to asking Blumberg to explain and justify the appeal ruling.
Deixler has an outburst about the appeals court already deciding something. Sohigian asks him to hold on, but seems to agree with Deixler.
Blumberg: If the court believes on the evidence submitted that it needs no more than to rely on what's on paper, then the court has the authority to make that determination now.
Sohigian: I'll hear you for a little more then come back after lunch.
Sohigian: Your view is, because action accrued in 2004, that absent estoppel, the limitation period would have begun to run in that year, but there is at least a triable issue regarding the existence of the estoppel, but the argument does not make an argument that this is unlimited or that the time never begins to run in which to file a lawsuit, because the dates of expiration of the effects of the intimidation would have been around July 2008. And Ms. DeCrescenzo was actually filed in April 2009. That's the way you organize your arguments that you are not promoting an unlimited period to file.
Blumberg agrees.
Then what Blumberg is now addressing and what Deixler had pointed out earlier appears to be a bit of a flub in the appeals order.
Thanks for the suggestion, Spackle. The 9th floor cafeteria made a decent burrito.
Back in session.
Blumberg now talking again. Says he had a chance at lunch to reconsider what the judge had been asking him.
Blumberg: I guess it comes down to whether someone's reasonable belief can be adduced from reading paper rather than through testimony, etc. And having considered that question I'm leaning very strongly that perhaps it needs to be a live proceeding.
Hm. interesting suggestion by Blumberg.
Back to Bert Deixler: It is in our judgment an issue that can be decided right now because of the lack of evidence.
There is no evidence that she ever considered a lawsuit before the time that she filed one.
Bert refers to case law, and Sohigian does think it's important, so he'd gone to chambers to retrieve it. (That's where his printer is, apparently.)
We're looking at Lori Mills v. Forestex. Some people who owned a house sued a siding contractor. Similar issue of a time-barred complaint.
We're hearing about a woman's attempts to get her siding fixed.
Sohigian is still reading from this Mills case.
Sohigian: Is the Mills case one of those continuing reassurance cases, false sense of security cases, as distinguished from a case where the contention is, there was such an intense coercive or influential environment…that it is not that the plaintiff was lulled into a false sense of security, but that she was virtually paralyzed and didn't recognize that legal rights could be asserted?
Hm, that's putting Bert on the spot.
Deixler: The court of appeal has asked to focus on whether there were representations to her not to file suit… and therefore Mills case applies.
Sohigian: Why do you say "representations"?
This seems to throw Deixler off a bit.
We have to hand it to Sohigian that he's gone after attorneys on both sides on their arguments. On Laura's side, he's implied that they've asked for something too open-ended. On the church's side, he says they're relying on case law which is about a person not filing earlier because they were lulled into a false sense of security, which really doesn't seem to describe Laura D.
Bert Deixler: The representations point is addressed by Mills. Bert goes on trying to equate the elements in the Mills case with Laura's.
He's saying again that there was nothing in the period 2004-2008 that was "untoward." Freeloader debt, not "untoward"? Wow.
Anything further, judge asks.
I've heard all the argument. I need to make a decision, he says.
First he's going to make a ruling on evidentiary questions.
Evidentiary objection documents, he's referring to.
Sohigian: Is there a way I can deal with the objections you really want ruled on…or do you want me to go through each objection?
For example, plaintiff's set of objections is 37 pages. (I'm assuming these are on depositions that were previously done?)
Sohigian seems to be asking a strange question that has all of the lawyers befuddled.
While they're waiting for him to rule on the summary judgment ruling, he's asking them if they want him to go over every objection that was made in evidentiary matters (depositions, we're assuming). But how can they answer that before a ruling?
It's really seemed to throw them.
They're taking a short break to deal with it.
Answer to a reader question: No, Laura D. is not in the courtroom today. Just her attorneys.
Lawyers back in the courtroom. Allison tells me she thinks Sohigian is going to rule against Laura, but he expects it to immediately go on appeal.
We'll see.
Waiting for the judge to come back in.
Still waiting for Sohigian.
At the break, we saw him in the hall. He's a short guy. Hard to tell that when he's up there behind the bench.
Here we go. Sohigian back in the courtroom.
Blumberg saying they waive oral argument. Same for defense side. But Sohigian says that's not what he's asking.
He's asking if they want him to RULE on all the objections in the evidence.
I'll just rule on the objections, he says. What, are we going to be here all day before his ruling on the summary judgment?
Starting with plaintiff's evidentiary objections.
Gary Soter just got up and left. We don't blame him.
"Objection one. Overruled."
"Objection two. Overruled."
"Objections three. Overruled."
Just shoot me.
Objections 11 through 14 involve words…
"Thetan. Engram. Clearing the Planet. OT Data."
I do wish to say that I examined the material and recognize that these are special terms.
He's overruled every objection so far, so we're not sure why he's taking the time to remark on these at this point. But hey, a little funny.
"23 overruled. 24 overruled. 25 overruled."
This was apparently a deposition of Laura taken by Bert Deixler. Her attorney had been objecting about Bert's use of Scientology terms? Hard for us to know without the deposition in front of us.
Tikk points out that these are objections that Laura's attorneys made in the Warren McShane deposition. OK.
We'd like our lawyer readers to tell us, is this customary for a judge to sit and go over these, one by one, in court? Especially when we're all waiting for a ruling?
50, overruled, 51 overruled, 52, overruled…
Sohigian: I think what I've done is overruled every objection made by the plaintiff.
We think you're right, judge.
Now, defense evidentiary objections.
Objections to Shannon Kimoto and Christie Collbran declarations. Then another set of objections to Robert D. Levine. Then third one, objections to Laura's declaration.
Objection to entirety of Kimoto and Collbran declarations.
Now to DeCrescenzo.
Objection one. Overruled.
Objection two. Overruled.
Objection three. Overruled…
We'll say this — Sohigian does seem pretty familiar with the material. He's definitely read these declarations in detail.
He's overruled every objection to Laura's declaration so far.
He's giving us another law lesson.
Now, the last set of objections, to Levine — he's the expert who wrote on mind control.
"Mr. Levine has not been a stranger to Metzger law firm disputes with Scientology," Sohigian says.
He says a federal judge (Headley case?) called a Levine declaration one of the most worthless she'd ever seen and struck it.
In the Headley case, what had happened was that professor Levine had reviewed some deposition transcripts, and Judge Fisher felt that was … what did he say? Not sure.
Sohigian: The main thrust of Mr. Levine's testimony was that the plaintiff was shaped or manipulated by the Scientology group so she couldn't make decisions, couldn't decide what reality was. Levine says she was in the grip of this organization.
It looks from the record as if Levine has not examined the plaintiff. The record appears to indicate that he hasn't had a conversation with the plaintiff, and so the defense position is, you just can't treat that as an adequately founded expert opinion for a number of reasons.
Defense is asking to exclude Levine. Now he asks Blumberg to comment.
(Sohigian notes that objections to Levine go on for 54 pages. But maybe he shouldn't accept it at all.)
Blumberg says Levine's declaration was made as a hypothetical argument, based on what Laura had said in her declaration.
But Sohigian says if you read Levine's words, he doesn't sound like he's discussing a hypothetical situation.
(OK, the Bunker here wants to insert an editorial comment: Now you see why we never get bogged down in arguments about "mind control" or "brainwashing." It's a waste of time. We notice that Ray Jeffrey and Ted Babbitt haven't bothered with so-called mind control experts. We found Levine's declaration fascinating, but we tend to stay away from that stuff. OK, back on the record.)
Sohigian and Blumberg now sparring over the word "hypothetical." This is such a waste of time. Just punt on the Levine declaration and get to the ruling, Blumberg.
Blumberg still trying to save the Levine declaration. Well, what else can he do. So Sohigian starts to drill down into it.
Warren McShane can't take it. He goes outside for a break. Damn, we wish we could go with him.
OK, judge, we get it. You weren't impressed by Robert D. Levine's declaration. So instead of arguing with Blumberg about whether it was a "hypothetical" exercise or not, why don't you just strike it from the record? What are your problems with the way some professor wrote his analysis of the evidence worth spending all this time on? Scientology turned over 18,000 PAGES of evidence that showed how a 12-year-old girl was manipulated to work 98-hour week at pennies an hour so that she would ignore her homesickness and her mother's desire to see her. That's what you've been asked to rule on.
Tory Christman just walked in. She's in for a treat.
What would be your response to Levine's declaration in Judge Fisher's case, Sohigian asks.
Blumberg says he didn't read it because it was a case with a different set of facts.
Well, apparently Blumberg argued well enough that Sohigian is not going to throw out the Levine declaration entirely. But now he's going to rule an the 54 pages of objections. Oh joy!
As he goes through and overrules objections in the Levine declaration…
A summing up: Both sides have made their arguments about the church's motion for summary judgment. Sohigian has apparently made up his mind about it. But he is not going to tell us his ruling until he first deals with hundreds of pages of objections to specific pieces of evidence that had previously been entered into the record.
He knows that however he rules on the church's motion, it will be appealed, and so he wants to get the evidentiary issues done while we're all here.
So we wait and wait as he says "overruled, overruled, overruled…"
And after all that, he overruled every single objection to Levine.
Now, on to the substantive ruling.
Sohigian: This case was filed in 2009. It has been to the appellate course once, and it's back here. Something he ruled was reversed. When that happens sometimes counsel files to take off the judge, but that didn't happen. He still has it.
Plaintiff alleges that she was employed by the Church of Scientology and lived and worked at the facility here in Los Angeles. Became pregnant, was forced to have an abortion through threat of her job, housing, and husband. She alleges she was told she would be subjected to freeloader debt, she claims that she was told she was owed that because she got Scientology training and services. She alleges CSI had a policy of forcing female employees to have abortions if they became pregnant. One of the reasons was to get more work out of them. She says she was under the influence of the defendants' organizations. And either she or the lawyers or both use this term "brainwashing." I think what she's referring to is a comprehensive high-pressure indoctrination and coercion so as to dominate an individual…
Sohigian: She says that she was taken from her family. In her second amended complaint a host of legal theories. Action based on forced abortion, common law forced abortion, third cause is for deprivation of liberty, fourth cause is for false imprisonment, fifth for intentional infliction of emotional distress. Sixth is for labor violations. Seventh is for violation of business code.
Moving papers filed a year ago (Scientology's motion for summary judgment). Oct 25, 2012. The delays that have ensued since then are not pertinent to this case. They stem from evidentiary concerns, extraordinary appeals to CA Supreme Court, US Supreme Court.
Church moving on theory that Laura's claims are time-barred.
Says he's gone through every objection item by item. Comprehensive objections and individual objections. I think I've discharged my obligations with respect to that.
Sohigian: I'm going to talk briefly now about the methods that I used to reach a decision.
Our law is that the movants (church) has to prove that there is no disputable triable issue of material fact for a summary judgment…
In the first place, I'm required to use a three-step process. Discussed in a large number of cases on appellate level.
1. Identify issues framed by pleadings. 2. Movants have reached burden. 3. Opposing party has shown that a triable issue of material fact exists.
Obviously, if step two is not carried out, you don't have to go to step three. But i got to all three steps in this case.
Sohigian: Aguilar 2001 case he's citing now. Also Selzor (?) case in the same volume.
I'm denying the motion for summary judgment.
Based on declaration and deposition of DeCrescenzo, there is a triable issue of material fact.
Sohigian: The central issue is, with respect to the time-bar issue, is the triable issue of material fact in regards to an estoppel.
I find that there is a triable issue of material fact, he says.
What a poker player. Sohigian was hammering Laura's case all day. And now he's found for her based on HER testimony.
Sohigian: There is a foundation in this record in which there are triable issues of material fact concerning… plaintiff was, in effect, a child in this Scientology. She started out by volunteering at only six or seven years old — and there may be question whether that's really volunteering when she's so young. She got involved at 12 in Sea Org, she moved away from her family. She lived in the Scientology facility in Los Angeles. This Sea Org is evidently a kind of a missionary activity or an office for a propagation for the faith, or something like that. This leaving and going with this organization, at that time she was just about beginning junior high school student. What they got her to do was sign some kind of a paper saying she would work for them basically indefinitely. There's a number on the paper, a billion years. And that's when she was 12. When she was 25 she left. When she went into that organization, she didn't communicate in the standard way with her parents and other family members. Her mail was opened. There was someone present when she communicated with her family members. They did this evidently to make sure she didn't say anything negative about the organization. She has given testimony that she was apprehensive about whether she was going to be punished. Part of the training was that she wouldn't say anything negative about the Sea Org or Scientology, and if she did do that, she'd be declared treasonous. Then she'd be given base duties, extra duty. She was also told that she had to report anything that came out of the family, statements or behaviors, that was contrary to Scientology…
Sohigian: So here you have a 12-year-old youngster who didn't regularly interact with her family. And she would have to undergo a "check," apparently a set of interrogations. (He's talking about a "sec-check.") And there's evidence that you sort of had to pass this test to be able to leave. And the persons that give this test have to be sure that you're not going to leave permanently. So in this time, middle and late adolescence, there is evidence to show that she went a couple of years without seeing her parents. And this period of time elapsed because she wasn't let out.
(Clearly, the judge was deeply impressed by Laura's description of her life in the Sea Org. He's trying to sound neutral about it, but he was evidently impressed by what she described and how the evidence supported her story.)
When she was in this Sea Org, she had to make out a questionnaire — a life history questionnaire. He goes through some questions…
Sohigian is bringing up specifically the question about asking the Sea Org member to admit to homosexual acts and detail them. Yeah, great questionnaire, Scientology.
Now he's talking about her incredible hours. And even when she wasn't on the clock, she had to stay around the Scientology facilities, or go with an escort.
In 2001, she went to the RPF. He explains to the court reporter that it stands for "Rehabilitation Project Force." Damn right, judge.
How her hours got even worse then, with lights out at 10:30. He's relating it to his own days in the service! Wow.
Sohigian talking about Laura's sleep deprivation, and little time for hygiene or changing clothes.
Paid only 10 to 50 dollars a week. And during this time no formal schooling. She did take a high school proficiency exam. But didn't get any other schooling.
She could not freely come and go. (He's really taking his time. This has got to be torture for Deixler, et al.)
Sohigian: She observed when people would escape, they would do a "drill" (a "blow drill") that would rely on credit card records, etc. So if she tried to leave, she would be tracked down and brought back involuntarily.
Well, she did try to leave and was in essence detained. Then was watched 24 hours. Interrogated. And not just interrogation, but that she was told what to say.
During RPF, about three or four years, she left the facility fewer than 20 times. She did not have access to her identification or money. Never allowed to have more than 20 dollars on her. Her passport was locked up.
Sohigian's recitation is going so long, Katie Saldana has asked for a short break!
So Sohigian asks Bert Deixler if he wants to waive the rest of the recitation. Bert says no! "It's useful to us, your honor."
Oh, that had to hurt.
Blumberg telling another reporter what the decision was about: That Sohigian has found that he can't make a ruling today about the truth or falsity of the facts in this case — that's for a jury to decide at trial.
And after he recites the facts in the record, the judge will then explain to us about the time-bar. So we're sticking for the bitter end. May be a little while before the judge is back.
OMG. Wise Beard Man just walked in and sat down behind us.
Sohigian back in the courtroom. He now is talking about Laura finally leaving the RPF and the Sea Org. She was upset, she was unstable. But she was counseled that she should stay. She was afraid that if she left, bad things would happen. So in April 2004, she wanted to get out of RPF, but SO put her on hard labor ten hours a day. So she drank some bleach as quasi-suicidal behavior.
Now he's referring to an affidavit she signed when she left the Sea Org, saying at the time that she benefited from the SO.
He points out that when Laura was seven years old, she picketed this courtroom! "Picketing a courthouse doesn't usually affect judges, but I think it's meant to affect the public," he says.
Sohigian: Laura believed that the penalties for speaking out against the church would cost her millions of dollars. And she was asked to periodically sign forms about her loyalty to the church. This was an act of surveillance, she says. She also claimed that she was trained to report anybody who took a negative action against the church. So she claims that she was trying to weave her way through this thicket of fears and apprehensions. And this disabled her from acting more promptly, and that all of this was the fault of the defendants.
She claims she remained active in this organization (Scientology) and she was doing that because she was scared, that she would be cut off from her family, declared a "suppressive person." Her apprehension was that the Scientology organization and its members would smear her. And that she'd seen that happen to other people. She did get a freeloader bill of 0,000, she got calls about it, and she actually paid ,000. This led her to believe that the organization was keeping its eyes on her. She actually went to work for a Scientologist-owned business in order to pay her freeloader bill. You could say this was an indication that she was not as scared as she says she was, but there's another potential implication, that it's circumstantial evidence that she was under continuing surveillance.
Sohigian saying that Laura, between 2004 to 2008, continued to get calls from church members, which indicated to her that she was being observed and snooped on.
It was in 2008 that she first began to consult information critical of Scientology. She thought if she gave her identity, Scientology would send someone to "handle" her — keep her from speaking out. But in autumn of 2008, she contacted another former Sea Org member, and started to talk about a lawsuit. Then she was visited in January 2009 by church members asking her about ESMB. This was indication in her mind that Scientology was monitoring her online communications. After they left, she found a piece of paper with instructions on how to "handle" her.
She was contacted by a lawyer and then filed a lawsuit in 2009. So my view is, this creates a triable issue of material fact concerning the time-bar defense. It is not conclusive in either direction. I think that under the circumstances I have an obligation to deny the motion for summary judgment in all respects.
Asks Blumberg to write an order for it tomorrow.
Sohigian: As has been customary in this case, the lawyers have done a good job. I don't want anything I've said to be interpreted as a criticism of the lawyers on either side.
And that's it. Wow. What a stunning result.
November 12 status hearing will be the next thing.
Now, will Scientology appeal?


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
New Britain, CT - Jerad Head had three hits, including a home run, and two RBIs to lead the Harrisburg Senators to a 6-1 victory over the New Britain Rock Cats on Thursday, securing a split of the four-game series.
In the first morning contest of 2013, the Senators offense was silenced through the first part of the game, but they turned it on in the fifth with a four-run frame. Down 1-0, Kris Watts delivered an RBI single to tie the game. A critical error by New Britain second baseman James Beresford with two outs extended the inning and Harrisburg took advantage. Josh Johnson drove in two with a single and Jerad Head followed with an RBI single of his own.
The Senators tacked on insurance runs in the sixth and eighth innings on a Watts RBI double and a towering home run by Head, his second of the season.
Nathan Karns was sharp again for Harrisburg on the mound. The right-hander pitched six and one-third innings, giving up just three hits and the lone Rock Cats run. Pat McCoy and Aaron Barrett each threw an inning and one-third to close out the game. Destin Hood was 2-for-3 with a double, walk, and two runs scored.
Tomorrow, the Senators return to Metro Bank Park and open a six-game home stand, beginning with the first of three against the Binghamton Mets. Game time is 7:00 p.m. and the game can be heard on 1460am The Ticket, on the Internet through the Senators website, and it's available through iHeart Radio beginning with the pregame show at 6:45 p.m.
Today on MiLB.com
Top Stories on MiLB.com
- Rucinski flirts with perfection for I-Cubs
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- 'Ducks' Peoples loses no-hit bid in seventh inning
- Friendly advice puts Flaherty back on track
- Voth relies on changeup in gem for Chiefs
- Garrett homers twice in Grasshoppers' romp
- Chiefs teammates help save house from fire
- Toolshed Q&A: Dodgers' Knapp discusses Urias


text:
To some, all music is explicable; all music has a background, has traceable roots even if they are obscured or buried deep beneath the music's surface. And maybe Wooden Wand & the Vanishing Voice has these roots, but one must question to what extent it is necessary to dig them up. Wooden Wand & the Vanishing Voice's past press sheets have claimed the collective is a deconstruction of "group-based music by utilizing sacred tools (country, folk & blues) and applying an 'anything goes' ethos." This makes Wooden Wand & the Vanishing Voice sound organic, somehow holistic and pure, despite their free spiritedness and their opposition to tradition. This makes the roots of this music sound easily traceable.
This description, however, is mostly false. These guitars are mostly electric and don't feel organic. They're played through haunting effect pedals. Few, if any, of these elements are traditional. And while Wooden Wand & the Vanishing Voice clearly does resist this tradition, they simply do not do so using its very tools. This whole thing, in fact, feels staged in some way. This is the first of my disappointments with Buck Dharma.
Wooden Wand & the Vanishing Voice
Buck Dharma
(5 Rue Christine)
US: 13 Sep 2005
UK: Available as import
Simply put, this is meditation music. Wooden Wand & the Vanishing Voice is somehow Zen or, perhaps more appropriately, from some alternate dimension: it recalls that dimension, even takes you there. It's remarkable in depth, but to what extent do we allow its inaccessibility? For every moment of brilliance, the album provides more that are off-putting in their long-windedness.
I can't say I don't like Buck Dharma, necessarily, but I also can't tell you why that is. This album seems to be revealing all my flaws as a writer and it consequently disturbs me.
As listeners, we must allow Buck Dharma many forms for many moods. In its best form, it is a religious experience, and few are the bands who can truly achieve complete catharsis through drone and guitar washes. This is the kind of music one might catch you listening to only to find a completely new conception of your self, not a higher plane as much as a layer, a depth. But at its worst, Buck Dharma is intolerable drivel. Simply, the album requires a rare tolerance. I simply can't believe anyone who claims to get pure enjoyment out of Buck Dharma from start to finish.
Wooden Wand & the Vanishing Voice compose the soundtrack to your worst nightmare, sounds somehow completely intriguing and peaceful while maintaining an eerie, almost violent potential energy beneath the noodling surface. Behind the effect pedals and the rare reverb-heavy vocals lay ghosts and fears.
After all this, it feels appropriate to say that, while maintaining these previous statements, Buck Dharma has an air about it that refuses us to take itself too seriously. Something about this music, perhaps the walking of that line between sheer reverence and irreverence, feels like a big joke, like it's waiting for me to come along and write all of these profound, vague things about it.
But "profound and vague" might be the best way to describe Buck Dharma, after all. It's an interesting musical experiment, this sound, but even my tolerance, which I consider to be quite high for vast experimentalism and free-formness, wears thin. This is music for free, open space; it is indescribable in many ways and it resists tradition and convention with its all.
I could just say I don't get it and that would be true, but there's something more here: Wooden Wand & the Vanishing Voice doesn't seem to want me to get it. Amongst all of this resistance there lies a muddied and lost version of a point, a wandering statement, mixed up and misguided. Buck Dharma does not feel true; it feels strange for the sake of being strange. Sadly, by the end of Buck Dharma I am estranged in the worst way. And perhaps the point is to take me out of my comfort zone. If that's it, and I've figured it out (and that's all it is), I'm disappointed anyway. As it stands, all of Buck Dharma's vagueness is simply hard to forgive.
Rachael Sage "I Don't Believe It" (video) (premiere) // Music
Macklemore & Ryan Lewis "Dance Off" feat. Idris Elba (Singles Going Steady) // Music
Western Centuries "Hallucinations" (audio) (premiere) // Music
Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark "Enola Gay" (1980) (Singles Going Steady Classic) // Music
The Last Gunfighter: Songwriter Guy Clark Passes Away at 74
// Sound Affects
"The man whose songs were recorded by Johnny Cash, Alan Jackson, Ricky Skaggs, David Allan Coe, The Highwaymen, and countless others succumbs to time's cruel cue that the only token of permanence we have to offer are the effects of shared moments and memories.READ the article


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 7, 1996
|Filing date
|Jan 31, 1994
|Priority date
|Jan 31, 1994
|Fee status
|Publication number
|David A. Harrison, Richard J. Hughes
|Original Assignee
|Lenox, Incorporated
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (12), Referenced by (19), Classifications (6), Legal Events (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to the field of dinnerware, glassware, and chinaware, and in particular to fine stemware. The invention concerns a fine stemware assembly that combines portions of crystal glass and china, rigidly attached in a manner that is compliant as to the differences in thermal expansion properties of the two materials. The stemware includes a bowl, stem and foot portion. At least one of these portions, preferably the foot portion, is china, and another is crystal, preferably the stem portion, which can be integrally formed of glass or lead crystal with the bowl. The dissimilar glass (crystal) and ceramic (china) portions are adhered one to the other by an ultraviolet-curing adhesive which creates a substantially strong adhesion and is substantially translucent when cured.
Fine crystals and china have been extensively used in the manufacture of fine dinnerware, such as stemware. Fine glass stemware is known as crystal, and generally comprises a leaded glass. Glass is a hard, brittle, amorphous material which is usually transparent but may be colored or translucent, being substantially a supercooled liquid that forms a non-crystalline solid. Most glasses fall into the category of silicates (SiO4 tetrahedron) containing modifiers and intermediates. Fine crystals are made particularly from lead glasses in which PbO is introduced into the vitreous silicon-oxygen glass network. Fine crystals are typically made by converting raw materials at high temperatures to viscous melts that are formed to shape by blowing, pressing, casting and/or spinning. Application of the hot glass melt to a mold or the like also cools the glass and sets the final shape. The formed glass may also be annealed, tempered, densified or compacted by post-forming heat treatments.
Stemware and other glasses are subjected to a range of temperatures in use. The thermal expansion properties of glass normally determine the range of materials to which the glass can be adhered or fused. Thermal expansion also affects the glass's internal ability to survive thermal shock or cycling. Strains and stresses caused by thermal gradients may cause cracks or breakage of the glass. Means adhering or fusing the glass to a distinct glass or to another material for mounting may fail during thermal cycling, depending on the degree of constraint imposed by the external mounting material and the respective thermal expansion characteristics. Crystal typically has a higher thermal expansion coefficient than china, or ceramics in general.
China is a ceramic material which is comprised chiefly of kaolinite (Al2 (OH)4 Si2 O5). China is extensively used in whitewares. Ceramics generally are formed and then fired to sinter adjacent particles, by a high temperature firing process typically in a kiln, to form a china bisque having the desired shape. The formed china is also typically glazed for use as whiteware, and can be decorated prior to or in connection with glazing, by application of colored coating patterns that are set during post heat treatments.
Whereas there are a number of different decorative aspects possible with glass and china, respectively, it would be advantageous if it were possible to employ both materials together and thereby set off the decorative attributes of one with the other. However, previous attempts by the present inventors to produce such a piece of stemware, for example a goblet comprising an integral crystal bowl and crystal stem, and a china foot, have been largely unsuccessful due to the consequences of differences of thermal expansion. Either over the short term or long term, the joint between the glass and china fails or stresses applied to the glass or china result in breakage.
Glass can be joined at a seam or the like by fusing, and low melting temperature glasses or "frit" are known to be useful for fusing, normally at a glass-to-glass seam. The inventors have attempted to fuse crystal and china portions together at a joint located at the lower end portion of a glassware stem and the upper portion of the foot. Fusing would be advantageous since a fused joint is continuous across the joint, i.e., not characterized by a gap or similar visually perceptible feature. However, both glass and china are relatively brittle materials that tend to fail by sudden cracking. Due to this aspect of the crystal and china materials and their thermal expansion mismatch, thermal cycling of stemware with a fused joint causes the formation of strains and stresses at the joint, and in particular in and adjacent the crystal. Upon cooling or with thermal cycling, the materials crack or the crystal-china bond fails.
It would be desirable to bond a crystal substrate and china substrate at a joint which is durable and continuous, thereby forming a stemware assembly composite of crystal and china components. It would also be desirable to combine crystal and china portions of the stemware using a bonding agent at the joint that is similar in appearance to glass or china, preferably substantially translucent or transparent when cured, and which deals with the mechanical problems associated with the different thermal expansion characteristics of china and glass.
It is an object of the invention to provide a tableware assembly wherein at least one of the portions is crystal and at least another adjacent portion is china, such that the crystal and china portions are durably joined notwithstanding different thermal expansion characteristics.
It is a related object to join foot, stem and bowl portions of a piece of stemware wherein at least two adjacent such portions are siliceous materials with different thermal expansion properties, by attaching the portions using an ultraviolet-curing adhesive.
It is another object of the invention to bond durably and substantially transparently or translucently, especially invisibly, a crystal glass portion of a stemware assembly, preferably a crystal glass stem, to a china portion of a stemware assembly, preferably a disk-like china foot.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide a goblet having a glass stem and a ceramic foot, wherein the stem and foot are permanently attached.
It is a feature of the invention to join crystal and china using an ultraviolet-curable adhesive.
It is an advantage of the invention to provide a binding agent for dissimilar ceramic, preferably china, and glass, preferably crystal, portions of a stemware assembly which avoids the thermal expansion mismatch characteristics of the two dissimilar materials and which bonds the two materials substantially durably and translucently.
These and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention are met by providing a stemware assembly, such as a goblet, including a foot having a generally circular or disk shaped body comprising a ceramic material, preferably china, in which the foot has a lower base portion providing stable support on a generally horizontal surface, and an upper portion having receiving means for a stem. A stem is dimensioned to fit in the receiving means of the china body, the stem having a generally cylindrical body longitudinally extending along a length and comprising a glass material, preferably crystal. At an upper end the stem is joined to a bowl, also comprising a glass material, preferably crystal that is integral with or fused to the stem. At its lower end the stem has engaging means at the terminus that fits into the receiving means of the china body to engage mechanically. The glass stem and the ceramic foot are permanently attached by a joint formed by an effective amount of an adhesive, preferably an ultraviolet-curing adhesive, which is substantially durable and suitably translucent upon cure, and accommodates the thermal expansion mismatch of the glass and china by buffering forces applied between the two materials during thermal cycling.
There are shown in the drawings certain exemplary embodiments of the invention as presently preferred. It should be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed as examples, and is capable of variation within the scope of the appended claims. In the drawings,
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a crystal glass goblet having a crystal glass stem and a china foot, according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a cutaway view of a portion of the goblet of FIG. 1, showing the base of the crystal stem, having a shouldered stub for coupling with a corresponding receptacle in the china foot.
FIG. 3 is a section view of a foot portion of the goblet according to FIG. 1, with an opaque ceramic foot and a translucent and/or transparent glass stem, coupled at a joint comprising an ultraviolet radiation curing adhesive which is suitably translucent when cured, disposed between the glass and ceramic at the joint.
FIG. 4 is a section view of a crystal glass goblet having a crystal stem and a china foot coupled at a joint with ultraviolet radiation curing adhesive, according to an alternate embodiment of the invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, the invention is particularly applicable to an article of stemware 10, such as a goblet. Stemware article 10 includes a bowl portion 12, a stem portion 14 and a foot portion 16. The goblet may be configured in a size or shape as conventionally used for drinking water, wine, champagne or the like, as an element of a fine china and crystal table setting.
In the embodiment shown, the bowl and stem portions are integrally formed of a transparent and/or translucent glass material such as lead crystal. The foot comprises an opaque ceramic material, i.e., china. According to the invention, these two portions of dissimilar material, i.e., a glass portion and a ceramic portion that have different thermal expansion properties, are joined to provide an article of stemware that is durably and translucently bonded at a joint 18, preferably at the base of the stem.
The invention is described with respect to an integral bowl 12 and stem 14 of glass, and an integral base 16 of ceramic. It will be appreciated that it would also be possible to provide a different configuration such as a ceramic bowl portion (not shown) joined to an integral glass stem and foot, or any combination of glass and ceramic materials wherein at least one joint 18 is provided between the glass and ceramic, and contains an adhesive material that bonds securely to the glass and china and buffers the difference in their thermal expansion properties.
The foot 16 of the stemware is preferably made of an opaque material, such as china. The ceramic can be a china, porcelain, earthenware, pottery or the like, although china is preferred for a fine tableware setting. The ceramic foot, for example china, preferably is thermally formed to a bisque from a molded green body by a conventional high temperature firing process, for example in a conventional kiln. A pyroceramic or similar process is also possible. The ceramic, for example, china bisque, once formed is preferably decorated, glazed, polished and/or decorated by conventional post heat treatment techniques for china or the like.
As shown in FIG. 1, the ceramic foot preferably is generally circular in shape. The function of the foot is substantially only to support the stemware article in a stable manner and it should be understood that other shapes could likewise be used for this purpose. In the embodiment, the foot is downwardly convexly shaped or domed, having a lower base portion defining a planar periphery for standing on a generally horizontal surface. An upper surface portion is decorated and structured for engaging the stem.
Preferably, as more particularly shown in FIG. 3, at the center of the foot's upper surface, a hub or well 20 is provided for receiving the stem. The well 20 can be defined as a thickening of the body of the foot, with an opening formed therein having a diameter for fitting the stem. The well is of a sufficient depth to provide mechanical support for stem 14 and bowl 12 prior to bonding and sufficient surface area to provide a permanent and secure interconnection joint between the foot and stem when the adhesive is cured in place between and in engagement with the stem and the foot. The well or hub 20 can be reinforced by forming a dimple 22 on the underside of the well which projects upwardly in the well.
As shown in FIG. 1, the stem 14 of the stemware is preferably made of a transparent and/or translucent material, such as a glass material. Preferably, the glass is lead crystal although other glasses such as soda-lime glass or the like can also be used. Glass is also conventionally formed thermally by a conventional high temperature melting process into a viscous melt and shaped by blowing, pressing, casting and/or spinning the glass against a mold to cool and set the final shape.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, stem 14 has a generally cylindrical shape and longitudinally extends along a straight length. It should be understood that other cross sectional shapes, bends, twists and other configurations could likewise be used. Preferably, as shown in FIG. 2, the lower end or base 24 of the stem has a diameter somewhat smaller than the shaft of the stem proceeding upwardly, thereby forming a pin that fits into well 20 and a shoulder that rests against the upper surface of foot 16. This reduced diameter end and shoulder can be molded, ground, turned, or similarly formed to a diameter whereby the stem fits snugly within the well 20 of the foot to provide substantially an interference fit between the foot and the stem, with sufficient clearance to permit variations caused by thermal expansion without unduly stressing the stem or foot.
In the embodiment shown the stem forms the male part and the base forms the female pan. The male and female mating of the stem and foot can be reversed or differently configured. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, an axial cavity 28 can be formed in the glass lower portion of the stem, engaging a glass or ceramic pin 30 of a smaller diameter projecting upward from the upper portion of the foot. A glass pin in that case would be attached to the foot in the same manner as shown. Alternatively, a ceramic pin could be formed integrally with the foot or bonded thereto. As a further alternative, the receptacle in the well can be the same diameter as the stem (rather than using a smaller diameter stub or end to form a shoulder on the stem as shown). In that case the stem is simply inserted into and bottoms out in the receptacle formed by the well 20. Only a slight spacing is needed for the adhesive to be disposed between stem 14 and well 20.
The upper end of the stem generally terminates in a bowl 12 for holding liquids, foods, etc. The bowl is preferably made of the same glass material as the preferred glass stem and further is preferably integral with the stem or fused together with the stem in a conventional glass-glass joint, to provide a stable connection at the base of the bowl to the stem.
Referring to FIG. 3, the bond between the glass stem, preferably crystal, and the ceramic foot, preferably china, is achieved by a translucent ceramic adhesive 26, preferably an ultraviolet-curing adhesive. The ultraviolet-curing adhesive is applied in an effective amount within and around the well 20 in the ceramic foot, preferably a ceramic bisque, prior to fitting the end or base 24 of stem 14 into the well 20 of foot 16. The ultraviolet-curing adhesive is advantageous, since no heat is required to make the bond and thermal expansion is therefore not a factor. Thermal heat would be undesirable because of the thermal expansion mismatch of the ceramic foot and the glass stem. Further, the ultraviolet-curing adhesive is advantageous, since it provides a translucent and/or transparent material when cured and also a sufficiently durable bond. This is desirable because an unclean adhesive bond would detract from the appearance of the stemware. Moreover, since light radiation cures the adhesive, the curing radiation can be applied in part through the transparent or translucent stem. The ultraviolet-curing adhesive is preferably exposed to ultraviolet radiation for about 1 to 2 minutes.
The ultraviolet adhesive can be Sun-Set glass adhesive sold by Lumen-Essence of Troy, Mich. and Impruv optically clear uv adhesive sold by Loctite of Newington, Conn. These adhesives have the following compositions:
__________________________________________________________________________Sun-Set ImpruvIngredients % by WT. Ingredients % by WT.__________________________________________________________________________Polyurethane Dimethacrylates 35-40 Polyurethane Methacrylate 45-50Polyglycol Dimethacrylate 10-15 High Boiling Methacrylate 20-25Hydroxyalkayl Methacrylate 10-15 Hydroxyalkyl Methacrylate 15-20High Boiling Methacrylate Ester 15-20 Alkyl Methacrylate 5-151 Methacrylate 10-15 Acrylic Acid 5-7Acrylic Acid 3-5 Alkyl Methacrylate 3-5Glycidoxysilane Derivative 1-3 Substituted Silane 1-3Proprietary Photosensitizer 1-3 Photoinitiator 1-3__________________________________________________________________________
The inside diameter of receptacle in well 20 is preferably about 0.375 inches greater than the outside diameter of the stem in the area of engagement. The axial length of engagement between the stem and the foot can be about 0.15625 to 0.1875 inches. These dimensions provide sufficient surface area and radial clearance for the adhesive, to provide an adequate bond and suitable buffering between the differently expanding glass and ceramic over the expected temperature range of about 80� F. to 100� F.
Prior to applying the adhesive, the well 20 of ceramic foot 16 and/or the end or base 24 of stem 14, may be provided with a reflective or mirror coating perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the stem, to avoid undesirable reflections from either the opaque foot or translucent adhesive which projects an opaque image up through the stem to the bottom of the bowl.
The invention having been disclosed in connection with the foregoing variations and examples, additional variations will now be apparent to persons skilled in the art. The invention is not intended to be limited to the variations specifically mentioned, and accordingly reference should be made to the appended claims rather than the foregoing discussion of preferred examples, to assess the scope of the invention in which exclusive rights are claimed.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 27, 1874
|Aug 8, 1876
|Improvement in the manufacture of glassware
|May 27, 1939
|Jun 4, 1940
|Alfred H Sharpe
|Ornamental glassware
|Oct 11, 1948
|Nov 24, 1953
|Newell Carl D
|Drinking glass construction
|Mar 7, 1957
|Dec 22, 1959
|Jeannette Glass Company
|Container construction
|May 2, 1966
|Feb 20, 1968
|Lewals Inc
|Plastic container
|Jun 26, 1967
|Jul 23, 1968
|Charles Van De Walle
|Vessel and method of manufacturing the vessel
|Mar 26, 1990
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|Sauber Richard C
|Stem ware
|Nov 22, 1988
|May 23, 1990
|Juckel Karl Heinz Dipl Kaufm
|Drinking vessel
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 11, 1997
|Feb 20, 2001
|Snifter for alcoholic beverages such as brandy, spirits and liquors
|Sep 28, 1999
|Jul 3, 2001
|Woodcraft Supply Corp.
|Wood turning tool
|Oct 26, 2006
|Jan 4, 2011
|Solo Cup Operating Corporation
|Stackable stemware
|Apr 26, 2013
|Sep 16, 2014
|Zipz, Inc.
|Single serve beverage container
|Nov 7, 2012
|Jun 2, 2015
|Hyung Ho Lee
|Easily portable wine glass
|Aug 15, 2014
|Mar 15, 2016
|Zipz, Inc.
|Single serve beverage container
|May 31, 2003
|Jul 15, 2004
|Irwin Lynn B.
|Multi-piece vessel
|Dec 17, 2003
|Jun 23, 2005
|Steven Farmer
|Stemware with decorative bases and related methods of fabricating same
|Nov 1, 2004
|Jun 30, 2005
|Sealed single serve containers for wine
|Oct 26, 2006
|May 1, 2008
|Solo Cup Operating Corporation
|Stackable stemware
|Jan 25, 2007
|Jul 31, 2008
|Kelli Anderson
|Wooden Stemmed Drinking Utensil
|Oct 4, 2012
|Norris Gene Cole
|Cake Mounted Drinking Vessel
|Mar 13, 2013
|Sep 19, 2013
|Ruth McClellan
|Stacking Container
|Apr 26, 2013
|Nov 28, 2013
|Zipz, Inc.
|Single Serve Beverage Container
|Nov 7, 2012
|Oct 2, 2014
|Hyung Ho Lee
|Easily portable wine glass
|Mar 5, 2015
|Apr 5, 2016
|Hyung Ho Lee
|Portable wine glass
|Sep 16, 2013
|Mar 25, 2015
|Food container and production method of food container
|Oct 28, 2009
|May 5, 2011
|Zwiesel Kristallglas Ag
|Method for the production of a double-walled glass vessel, comprises providing an interior glass, which expands in the direction of a vessel opening over a shoulder area to an enlarged cross-section
|Jun 2, 2004
|Jan 6, 2005
|Snapdragon, Llc.
|Sealed single serve containers for wine
|U.S. Classification
|215/372, 215/377, 215/374
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 25, 1994
Owner name: LENOX, INCORPORATED, NEW JERSEY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HARRISON, DAVID A.;HUGHES, RICHARD J.;REEL/FRAME:006930/0222
Effective date: 19940202
|Nov 30, 1999
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|May 7, 2000
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jul 18, 2000
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20000507
|Mar 19, 2009
Owner name: LDG-DELAWARE OPCO, INC., NEW YORK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LENOX, INCORPORATED;D 56, INC.;REEL/FRAME:022416/0581
Effective date: 20090316
|Mar 20, 2009
Owner name: LBC CREDIT PARTNERS, L.P., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT
Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:LDG-DELAWARE OPCO, INC.;REEL/FRAME:022416/0765
Effective date: 20090316
|Mar 26, 2009
Owner name: LENOX CORPORATION, PENNSYLVANIA
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:LDG-DELAWARE OPCO, INC.;REEL/FRAME:022449/0806
Effective date: 20090324
|Sep 9, 2009
Owner name: LDG-DELAWARE OPCO, INC., N/K/A LENOX CORPORATION,
Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:LBC CREDIT PARTNERS, L.P.;REEL/FRAME:023196/0928
Effective date: 20090901


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"Wire & Beaded Cuff Bracelet"You girls are bracelet crazy! You've loved Jamie's two bracelet crafts, her Duct Tape one and her chain link friendship one, and we did too. So, we asked Jamie to noodle up some
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I liked all the characters. Didn't want yo put the book down. Definitely a good read. Can't wait to read another.Published 6 days ago by Esmeralda Soliz
Read the book in three days couldn't put it down wanted to see how it ended!Published 27 days ago by Maria M
Cute, fun read. It takes a good writer to turn Cinderella into something new and fresh.Published 29 days ago by Amazon Fan Lady
I absolutely loved it!! Couldn't put it down and it made me burst out in laughter, so much so I had to look to see if anyone was watching. Easy breezy relaxing read.Published 1 month ago by Gizmo
I loved it!! Perfect read for when you want something light that will have you laughing out loud.Published 1 month ago by CT Reader 2
This book is hilarious! One of the funniest things comes out at the end due to Jemma, her flatmate, and her crazy mother. I laughed so hard I was crying. Read morePublished 1 month ago by Isabelle R. Joshua


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Lakers 100, Mavericks 95
DALLAS -- One night after the San Antonio Spurs played the Lakers as if their lives, or at least their championship hopes, depended on it, the Lakers rediscovered their own love for competition. They beat Dallas on Wednesday night to take a game few expected them to win, playing hard and decisively despite being banged up.
Kobe Bryant's teammates brought a renewed focus to the game with the knowledge that their leader was weakened by back spasms, allowing Bryant to rest the entire second quarter and yet hold a four-point halftime lead. Probably playing without Pau Gasol (hamstring) for the final time in this stretch, the other frontcourt starters all had double-doubles: Andrew Bynum (22 points, 11 rebounds), Lamar Odom (18 points, 14 rebounds) and Ron Artest (16 points, 11 rebounds).
Then Bryant played the entire second half after taking and missing his only first-half shot. He finished with 10 points on 5-of-11 shooting, sinking a go-ahead jumper that gave the Lakers the lead for good after Dirk Nowitzki tied it with a 3-pointer. Bryant also delivered his lone assist earlier in a big way when Shannon Brown converted a corner 3-pointer for a late eight-point lead.
The Mavericks threatened to the end, with Josh Howard missing a 3-pointer that could've forged a 98-98 tie after Bynum missed the second of two foul shots. Jordan Farmar, a 58.4 percent foul shooter last season, then nailed two free throws to lock up the game that Farmar carried to the finish in place of Derek Fisher (1-for-8 shooting, three points).
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Your precious baby girl will flutter about on this comfy, soft mat.
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Top 10 Critical Issues for K12 Education
Source: ncforum.org
See the agenda for the June 2 Regular Meeting of the BCS Board of Education. The meeting begins promptly at 6:30 p.m.
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I see a 40% off coupon for a Hobby Lobby canvas and a new peice to hang above my sofa in my future.
Acrylic Paintings, Beautiful Painting, Canvas Painting, Canvas Art, Abstracta Idea, Wall Painting, Mother Crafts, Easy Painting
Easy painting on big canvas - will get inspiration from a field of poppy flowers
Create beautiful painting with acrylic paints and dots..
Step by step instructions on DIY Canvas painting
easy painted picture from the little mother
DIY Wall Painting...easy breezy!
Easy acrylic painting project
DIY Wall Painting
Dot tree painting
Canvas art
fancy sequin pillow {tutorial}
I love this easy project from @emily of Jones Design Company, for adding some sparkle to your home with simple DIY sparkle pillows
Sparkle Pillows, Diy Crafts, Pillow Tutorial, Easy Projects, Sparkly Pillow, Diy Pillows, Sequin Pillows
I love this easy project from Jones Design Company, for adding some sparkle to your home with simple DIY sparkle pillows ... like the ones I wanted from west elm
DIY Sparkle Sequin Pillow! I love this easy project from @Emily Schoenfeld of Jones Design Company, for adding some sparkle to your home.
I love this easy project from @Emily Schoenfeld of Jones Design Company, for adding some sparkle to your home with simple DIY sparkle pillows
I love this easy project for adding some sparkle to your home with simple DIY sparkle pillows made from a sequin tank top!
Black and White stripe with a sparkly pillow
DIY sequin pillow!!!!!!!! AH, man.
fancy sequin pillow {tutorial}
5 of my faves from this past week including a restaurant review & DIY pillow.
10 Chic and Clever Diy Ideas For Small Bathrooms 3 - Diy Crafts You & Home Design
Project Materials: Hanging wire basket, $1 6 packages of Mardi Gras-style metallic beads (about 48 necklaces), $6 Light gauge wire (floral wire will work), $1 Spray paint, $1 Wire cutters, on hand or $1 Hot glue gun & sticks, on hand Additional embellishments, as desired http://dollarstorecrafts.com/2010/05/make-a-beaded-chandelier/
$5 diy chandelier
Mardi Gra, Wedding Idea, Diy Chandelier, Dollar Store, Diy Craft
Dollar Store Craft Ideas: Outdoor Chandelier Made From Mardi Gras Beads from http://boredomtherapy.com/dollar-store-diy/?as=6022939789684
Dollar Store Crafts » Beaded Chandelier | Made using Dollar Store Mardi Gras beads and a hanging basket.
Get some hanging baskets from the dollar store as well as some Mardi Gras-style beads to create this beaded chandelier. Source: Dollar Store Crafts
Dollar Store Crafts: Make a Beaded Chandelier from margi gras beads, thin wire, and a garden hanging basket.
This is one if my fav DIYs. Mardi gras bead chandelier made with wire hanging basket. Instructions at dollar store crafts.com
Dollar Store Crafts » Blog Archive Make a Beaded Chandelier » Dollar Store Crafts. Mardi gra beads
Dollar Store Crafts » Blog Archive » Make a Beaded Chandelier; outdoor wedding idea
$9 diy chandelier Dollar Store Crafts » Blog Archive » Make a Beaded Chandelier
DIY Craft Projects | DIY Beaded Chandelier from Dollar Store Crafts
Custom listing 3 button Sweatshirt
DIY = Old Large Sweatshirt + Buttons + Sewing Machine. This looks so cute and comfy!!
Sewing Machines, Diy Clothes, Refashion, Sweatshirt Buttons
DIY = Old Large Sweatshirt + Buttons + Sewing Machine. This looks so cute and comfy!! @Casey Waites, If I can find the sweat shirt, think Nancy can make it?
DIY = Old Large Sweatshirt + Buttons + Sewing Machine. That is really cute.YEP IM GONNA DO THIS WITH JEFF'S OLD SWEAT SHIRTS LOL
DIY = Old Large Sweatshirt + Buttons + Sewing Machine. That is really cute. Too bad most of my sweat shirts have bleach and paint stains.
DIY = Old Large Sweatshirt + Buttons + Sewing Machine. For this project, I will bolo for nice sweat shirts in the men's section during my next trip to the thrift store.
DIY = Old Large Sweatshirt + Buttons + Sewing Machine. #button #hoodie #style #fashion #sweatshirt
Old Large Sweatshirt + Buttons + Sewing Machine = fun refashion!
DIY CLOTHES: Old Large Sweatshirt + Buttons
Click here to download Download whole gallery DIY = Old Large Sweatshirt + Buttons + Sewing Machine. Click here to download Download whole gallery Ellie - PDF Pattern Wool Felt Doll on Etsy, $20.00 Beautiful felt dolly. Click here to download Download whole gallery plush Click here to download Download whole gallery Christmas Craft Ideas – 50 Pics Click here to download Download whole gallery
Cotton Linen Fabric Cute Penguin Fish and Seal Animal Mascots Plush Stuffed Toy Sewing Crafts pdf E PATTERN in Japanese. $3.00, via Etsy. quilt DIY = Old Large Sweatshirt + Buttons + Sewing Machine. sewing pattern. stuffed
DIY Studded bra
Bra Top, Diy Fashion, Diy Crafts, Fashion Idea, Diy Clothes, Studded Bra
DIY Studded Bra diy crafts craft ideas easy crafts diy ideas crafty diy clothes easy diy craft clothes fashion diy diy bra belly dancing bra
DIY Studs Bra - 15 Innovative DIY Fashion Projects
DIY Studded Bra DIY Studded Bra by diyforever
Best way to studded bra | Diy Crafts Gallery
DIY Studded Bra DIY Projects | UsefulDIY.com
DIY Studded Bra!! (or do a bathing suit!)
10 Useful DIY Fashion Ideas. Studded bra
Art DIY Studded bra diy-fashion
DIY studded bra top
Embroidered handmade DIY method. Needle weaving
Diy Embroidery, Embroidery, Needle Weaving, Sewing Embroidery, Needlework Embroidery, Needleweaving, Embroidery Stitches
Hand stitching technique: DIY Needle weaving, embroidery method, handmade, from cutediypins.com.
Needle Weaving Embroidery Stitch Tutorial HH-NeedleWeaving
Embroidered handmade DIY - Needle weaving #embroidery
Needle weaving embroidery stitches. Embroidery Keka❤❤❤
DIY Embroidery Stitches and Needle Weaving
Needle Weaving Embroidery Stitch Tutorial
Pontos de bordado.
Colorful Shabby Chic Salt and Pepper Shakers, GREEN
I will never pass up another set of wooden salt & peppers at the thrift stores again
Pretty Pastel, Thrift Store
A set of wooden salt & pepper shaker from the thrift store -these look so cottage chic painted in pretty pastels!
I will never pass up another set of wooden salt peppers at the thrift stores again...these look so cottage chic, painted in pretty pastels!
DIY: Wooden salt & pepper shakers. I will never pass up another set of wooden salt & peppers at the thrift stores again... #diy
you see these wooden salt & peppers at the thrift stores all the time...these look so cottage chic, painted in pretty pastels!
A great idea for something to look at for when you are shopping at Goodwill! I will never pass up another set of wooden salt & peppers at the thrift stores again...these look so cottage chic, painted in pretty pastels!
DIY painted salt and pepper shakers (find wooden shakers at thrift stores and transform them)
wooden salt & pepper mills from the thrift store, painted and distressed.
DIY wooden salt & pepper grinders from thrift stores
There are three different, unique sets of salt and pepper shakers in this colorful series. The tall Teal, the medium sized pink salt and peppermill and the small barrel green simple shakers. This listing is for the Medium sized, Salt shaker and Pepper mill. They are very sturdy, solid wood construction set. They have been painted in a beautiful pink paint applied over their wood finish, then sanded and sealed with an antiquing glaze. They are safe to be gently washed by hand. The mill works smoothly and they are both in excellent condition. Measures: 5 inches tall Shipping is for Priority Mail to the US International shipping prices are for First Class Mail If you would like to change the shipping method, please message me ahead of time for a shipping quote. CHECK OUT THESE CORRESPONDING SALAD BOWLS TOO! http://www.etsy.com/listing/88207420/colorful-shabby-chic-salad-bowls-set
Lighted Canvas...great idea!
Art Idea, Diy Craft, Diy Project, Canvas Idea
Here is a really cool DIY wall art idea that you might like. A canvas with lighted branches and moss is perfect way to bring some nature and light into your interior. To make such canvas besides lighted branches you'll need a bundle of sticks, a bag of moss, green canvas paint, canvas molding paste, paste spatula, a paint brush, E6000 glue and a staple gun. #diy # project
Lighted branches (with a timer) glued to a painted canvas - Idea for Master Bedroom, in lavender?
Canvas craft ideas. Lighted tree branches on canvas with moss, painted background
DIY Crafts: Lighted Branches Forest Wall Art Display | #diycrafts #diy #crafts
Canvas craft craft-ideas. I want to try that someday! :) #DIY #canvas #lights
Frost Yourself (and 10 More Cool Things to do This Month)
DIY Colorful Hooks
Colorful Hook, Diy Craft, Wood Plaque
DIY keyholder! Use a precut wood plaque for the base (you can find them at any craft store) and screw in a mismatched jumble of painted hooks.
DIY wooden key hook. like the idea of different color hooks, but would rather them be spread out more horizontally
Neat way to blow away your time! Go buy/find some old key hooks/coat hangers and fashion them into a chic new key holder/coat hanger/etc for the foyer.
DIY hooks. ***maybe on a long horizontal board, multi colored hooks with pails/ crocheted bags on it***
DIY Key Hook - March 2013 Trends and Products - Redbook
love this idea for a key holder of coat rack.
DIY hooks. Great impromptu coat rack!
Multi color coat hook key holder
key holder Lots of DIY decor ideas for mother's day DIY My daughters weekly calendar. Frame from walmart. Designed each frame with scrapbook supplies, then use dry erase marker on the glass. - Click image to find more DIY & Crafts Pinterest pins DIY Red Jeweled Skirt - 13 Fun DIY Fashion Projects
SUPER Easy Ironing Board Cover Tutorial.
Sewing Room, Easy Ironing, Sewing Crafts, Sewing Ideas, Sewing Machine Covers, Ironing Board Covers, Diy Ironing Board Cover, Crafts Sewing
Ironing Board Cover Tutorial - I've done this before, w/o instructions, so it IS easy. Now I can have a pretty board cover... maybe match to the sewing room curtains, or chair cushion, or sewing machine cover?
SUPER Easy Ironing Board Cover Tutorial. Brilliant! @Hilarie Cole Cole Cole Cole C, maybe this should be our Wednesday craft? my ironing board cover is disgracefully disgusting!
"SUPER Easy Ironing Board Cover Tutorial" from Lisa Lam's Blog: http://u-handbag.typepad.com/uhandblog/2008/01/super-easy-iron.html
SUPER Easy Ironing Board Cover Tutorial.. mine needs new one, one that came with board cheaply constructed...
DIY Ironing Board cover! All you need is: old cover, 100% cotton fabric (quilt to medium weight works best) about 3" wider and longer than your old cover (this will be the pattern you see), Heavy-ish 100% cotton home decor fabric about 3" wider and longer than your old cover (this is for a liner). Just cut the edge off the old cover, trace remaining part onto your new fabrics and sew margin onto those!! You don't have to string up a new casing! Genius.
SUPER Easy Ironing Board Cover Tutorial ... mine is so dead. this would be so easy.
SUPER Easy Ironing Board Cover Tutorial...need a new one anyway. Astucieux .......
Make a SUPER Easy Ironing Board Cover Tutorial. Definitely need one of these!
SUPER Easy Ironing Board Cover Tutorial.- I SOOO need to do this!!
similar to pinterest, but is a site with just diy crafts. Dangerous...
Paper Craft, Papercraft, Diy Craft, Paper Star
I freaking LOVE this crafting idea. Sometimes we all need a little pick-me-up during the week! We think these sweet "secret message" origami stars would do just the trick!
Little Guiding Stars by Creative Kismet: Each of these gorgeous stars holds a kind secret to whomever opens it. a beautiful & creative way to lift your spirits throughout the year! #Stars #Paper_Stars #Creative_Kismet - Click image to find more DIY & Crafts Pinterest pins
Sometimes we all need a little pick-me-up during the week! These sweet "secret message" origami stars would do just the trick!
Origami stars from craft gawker, a site similar to pinterest, but with just diy crafts. Dangerous...
Little paper Stars add message inside - plus more diy craft ideas
folded paper stars that contain a special message; good gift idea
Origami Stars by Regina (creative kismet) #papercrafting #craft
Origami fortune stars - Great gift idea!
Folded Paper Stars paper crafts kids
Party Junk 181 - DIY Moss Projects
Moss Magic! A TON of DIY moss projects and a themed link party via Funky Junk Interiors
Outdoor, Living Room, Lichen Crafts, Gift Cards, Green Moss Decor, Moss Project, Garden
Are you a fan of the moss look?? Loads of projects here!
Ton of DIY moss projects via Funky Junk Interiors
Party Junk 181 – DIY Moss Projects
DIY Moss Projects
Welcome to Funky Junk's Party Junk, a multi themed DIY link party! Home Decor / Gardening Crafts / Sewing / Recipes / Printables / Blog Tips *Theme of the Week Every Friday, 7pm thru Sunday, 11pm Pacific You couldn't say I love moss more than creating a heartfelt ornament with it. Sweet idea! Faux moss …
Party Junk 181 - DIY Moss Projects - Funky Junk Interiors
Spring Specimen Art -- Paper Flower Tutorial!
Make Spring Specimen Art!! (paper crafting tutorial)
Shadowbox, Wall Hanging, Specimen Wall, Decorating Ideas, Spring Decor, Spring Specimen
Like the long frame with the three smaller shadowbox squares hung inside! Original!
This is such a great idea for cheap picture frames. Get cleaver!
Decorating a wall for all seasons -- Spring Specimen Wall Art!
Unique decorating idea!
Shadow boxes;) LOVE IT!
Spring Wall Hanging
wall decor idea
spring decor
DIY Tutorial DIY Easter / DIY Decorating a wall for all seasons -- Spring Specimen Wall Art! - Bead&Cord
Wine bottle hanging garden
Wine Bottle Planter, Green Thumb, Bottle Planters, Hanging Planters, Winebottle
Wine Bottle Planters. I have no idea what language this site is but it looks like there is a moss ball of sorts inside the bottle and the plants are growing out of it. Pretty cool. Now I know what to do with the tops of the bottles if I ever get around to making the glass bottle bottom window ;)
Wine Bottle Planters - see more info at http://www.homedit.com/innovative-wine-bottle-hanging-planters/
DIY Wine Bottle Hanging Planters - Homemade Wine Bottle Crafts #DIY #Wine #Bottles #Crafts #Ideas
DIY Wine Bottle Hanging Planters. I've found 3 sources for this (I don't know where it originated, but found it on Pinterest and wanted to see how to do it/where it came from, so sorry if this isn't accurate, I'm just trying my best) Site #1: http://harvesthomefarm.blogspot.com/2012/03/wine-bottle-planters.html Site #2: http://www.curbly.com/users/diy-maven/posts/13722-diy-wine-bottle-hanging-planters Site #3: http://www.facebook.com/pages/The-Cottage-House/113774165340147?sk=photos
Fun idea - Wine bottle planters #Garden #DIY #WineBottle #Planter
Wine Bottle Planters... 1 of 10 DIY Wine Bottle Craft Ideas
Wine Bottle Planters-If only I had a green thumb
Wine bottle planters gardening-ideas
One thing I learned while researching this blog post? You can make a planter out of anything. Seriously, anything. I left the toilets out (you're welcome), but take a peek at seven other charming ways to give your green thumb a workout. After you host a few get-togethers on your lovely front porch, you may have a few empty soldiers with which to craft these pretty hanging wine bottle planters. Not much of a cook? Turn your dusty kitchen colander into a hanging planter with a little chain. Best part? The drainage holes are built in! Do you have a...
How to reupholster tutorial on The Creative Maven! Give me a great yard sale and 5 yards of fabric.


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When the 12-inch long-playing album was first introduced in the summer of 1948, it was a scientific breakthrough. But why did anyone choose 12 inches when the format of choice at the time was the 78, which was ten inches across? A couple of reasons. First, 12 inches is a foot, a nice familiar unit of measurement. Second, the goal set for engineers was to get at least 22 minutes per side. Third, 22 minutes was determined to be a nice length for classical recordings. Anything written that needed to be recorded usually didn't require any more than 22 minutes. And fourth, technology at the time allowed for grooves to be cut at anywhere from 224 to 300 per inch. If you work out the math, a 12-inch record with that many grooves per inch spinning at 33 1/3 RPM works out to 22 minutes.
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