text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 11, 1991
|Filing date
|May 18, 1989
|Priority date
|Jun 27, 1988
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Robert Goutte, Gilles Jacquemod, Christophe Odet
|Original Assignee
|European Coal And Steel Community
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (12), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (11), Classifications (21), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention is related to a method for processing electric signals coming from the analysis of a line of an image issued by linear detectors such as a strip of adjacent photodetectors which carry out a sampling of the signal at constant pitch. The invention also relates to devices for the implementation of the method.
Photodetector strips, for example photodiodes or CCD cells (charge couple device) are used for analysing an image line after line, the image passing in front of the strip. Such an image can for example come from an X-ray non destructive test apparatus for the control of luggage in airport terminals.
The detectors integrate at each moment the light energy projected onto the photosensisitive surface of the detector. The electric output signal of the detector is sampled once per line and is multiplexed with the output signals of the other detectors in order to constitute the signal of one line of the image. In general, the signal output from the detectors is converted into a digital signal in view of a further digital processing.
Because of the integration of the light signal on the photosensisitive surface of the detector, the electric signal is smoothed with respect to the corresponding light signal. The sampling further creates problems of spectral folding when the input light signal has a large bandwidth. The smoothing corresponds to the convolution of the signal by a gate centered on the frequency axis origin; the spectrum of the signal is multiplied by the transfer function of this filter, which is a sinus cardinal.
If the light has a large bandwidth, the transfer function of the filter restricts the bandwidth of the smoothed signal. The effect of the smoothing filter is to enhance the low frequencies. There are thus two phenomena which degrade the information in the useful band of the signal: on the one hand, the signal has been submitted to a low frequency filtering and on the other hand, the folded parts of the spectrum disturb the low frequencies.
A reduction of the size of the photosensible surface of the photodetectors could surely increase the resolution, but would change nothing as to the problem of folding of the spectrum. One could think of making the multiplexed electric signal pass through a filter the transfer function of which is the inversion of that corresponding to the integration of the information on the photosensisitive surface of the detector. But this correction of the spectrum would not eliminate the contributions of the signals due to the folding of the high frequencies.
The invention thus aims at conceiving an improved method for processing electric signals coming from the analysis of a line of an image scanned by at least one strip of adjacent photodetectors which realize a sampling of the signal at a constant pitch. As for the method, this object is attained in that k analyses of the same line are carried out with respective lateral shifts of 1/k of the pitch of the photodetectors, that an oversampled signal is generated by multiplexing the k samples and that the oversampled signal is submitted to a time filtering which is inverse to the filtering inherent to the spatial smoothing of the photodetectors.
As to devices for the application of this method, reference is made to the corresponding claims.
The invention will now be described in more detail by means of several examples and the annexed drawings.
FIG. 1 shows in a very schematical way the principle of the method according to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a first embodiment of this method implying a unique strip.
FIG. 3 is a variant of FIG. 2 implying four adjacent strips.
FIG. 4 is another variant implying four not adjacent strips.
FIG. 1 refers to a sample of a sheet of steel which comprises two artificial faults in the form of grooves of different widths. When this sheet is scanned perpendicularly to the grooves with an ideal measurement head, a signal 9 is obtained such as shown at the top of FIG. 1, the two grooves corresponding to the rectangular pulses 1 and 2. If there are fissures due for example to an incorrect welding of a sheet of steel, the width of the pulses is always small with respect to the dimensions of a photodetector. It is thus impossible to establish with such a photodetector a measurement signal which is a true image of the fissures.
Below this ideal signal, FIG. 1 shows 3, 4, 5 and 6 of photodetectors such as 7 or 8. It is supposed that the photodetectors are adjacent and that they are disposed at the constant pitch p in each strip. The four strips are mutually shifted by a distance p/4 and they are supposed to read simultaneously the same line of the image.
FIG. 1 further shows four signals registered by the unit of photodetectors of a strip, i.e. a signal S3 concerning the strip 3, a signal S4 concerning the strip 4, and so on for the strips 5 and 6.
The photosensisitive strips such as those of the CCD type (charge coupled device) are supplied with a pre-processing and an analog-to-digital converting device, so that the signals S3 to S6 symbolize the succession of digital values supplied by the strips 3 to 6 respectively. By comparing the signal 9 at the top of FIG. 1 with the position of the different photodetectors of the strips 3 to 6, the signals S3 to S6 can easily be reconstituted. Thus, the signal S3 starts with two levels "zero" corresponding to the first two photodetectors of this strip, which are not affected by one of the grooves 1 and 2. Then, a value 12 non nul is observed in the photodetector 8, which covers totally the pulse 1. The two following detectors again show the value zero, and so on.
The amplitude 12 of a value non nul is proportional to the integration of the part of the pulse such as 1 affected by the detector. Thus, the detector 8 of the strip 3 covering the entirety of the pulse 1 leads to an amplitude 12 higher than that created by the photodetector which totally covers the pulse 2 of smaller width. In the same way, a detector 7 of the strip 6, which covers the pulse 1 only partially, leads to an amplitude 13 which is smaller than the amplitude 12.
The analysis of the optical signal by a single photodetector strip would thus produce the signals S3 and S6, which are not significant at all for the signal 9 at the top of the figure. This has two principal causes:
(a) a photodetector integrates the signal on its elementary surface, which causes a loss of the high frequency parts of the optical signal, this effect being called "spatial smoothing".
(b) The ideal signal is sampled at the pitch p. As there is no access to the signal until after it has been sampled, a spectral folding is observed when the ideal signal has a large bandwidth. A diminution of the size of the photodetectors would surely increase the resolution, but would not change anything as to the problem of spectral folding. On the other hand, an inverted filtering with spatial smoothing effect does not permit to eliminate the perturbation of the low frequencies by the high frequencies after spectral folding.
According to the invention, the four signals S3 to S6 are interlaced or multiplexed in order to produce the oversampled signal S, which comprises a succession of the four amplitudes of the photodetectors of identical range in the four strips. Thus, the amplitude 12 of signals S3 and the amplitude 13 of the signals S6 are marked on the oversampled signal S at the spots which belong to them.
The signal S is then submitted to a deconvolution in an autoregressive filter, which realizes the inverse filtering to that corresponding to the integration of the signal on the surface of the photodetectors. This deconvoluted signal D constitutes an almost true image of the signal showing at the top of this drawing, because this filter is adapted to the particular shape of the filtering function during the integration of the signal by the photodetectors (gate function).
The method such as explained above by means of FIG. 1 can be applied in several ways. A first embodiment, which is shown in FIG. 2, uses a single CCD strip 20, which is mechanically coupled to a displacement device 21. This device comprises a step-by-step motor, which, after each sampling, shifts the strip 20 in the direction of the line (symbolized by an arrow 22) at a distance p/4. Thus, the strip takes successively the positions which correspond to the strips 3, 4, 5, 6 in FIG. 1. Then, the strip comes back into the original position and a new cycle of four samplings starts after the advance of the sheet by one pitch perpendicularly to the arrow 22.
A strip of photodetectors of the commercial CCD type is normally supplied together with an electronic device 23 of preprocessing and conversion into a digital signal, and supplying at an output 24 in succession the values corresponding to the different detectors of the strip. Each value is for example encoded by eight bits, which are available in parallel. These values are applied to a memory called oversampling memory 25, the capacity of which corresponds to the number of values coming from four sampling cycles of the strip. At the output 26 of this memory, these values are interlaced so that there is a succession of four samples coming from the same detector followed by the values corresponding to the following detector and so on. At the output 26 there is thus the equivalent of the signal S of FIG. 1. This succession of values is finally applied to an autoregressive filter 27, the transfer function of which is inverse to that inherent to the spatial smoothing of the photodetectors of the strip. The filter is for example of the looped shift register type. The spectral folding practically no more falsifies the signal S, because the folding axis is four times farther away in frequency than in the case of a not oversampled signal D (see FIG. 1), which represents rather precisely the form of the physical signal 9 at the top of FIG. 1.
If, for reasons of speed and mechanical stability of the device, a step-by-step shifting of a strip such as 20 is impossible, four strips 30, 31, 32, 33 are used. As shown in FIG. 3, strips 30-33 are mounted in such a way that these photodetectors receive simultaneously the light coming from the same line to be analyzed. Each strip is supplied with its own pretreatment electronic device such as 23 (FIG. 2), and supplies at an output 34' (for the strip 30) or 34" (for the strip 31 and so on) the succession of digital values corresponding to the different detectors to a multiplexer 35, which has the same function as the oversampling memory 25 of FIG. 2, except for the memorisation, and it supplies by its output the oversampled succession according to the signal S of FIG. 1. The autoregressive filter 27 is the same as in FIG. 2.
Finally, FIG. 4 shows another variant, which differs from that of FIG. 3 by a certain interspace d between the four strips 40, 41, 42 and 43 perpendicularly to the shift direction. At a given moment, the four strips thus "read " different lines of the image to be analyzed. The oversampling must take into account the passing of the image perpendicularly to the line direction. As before, each strip is associated to its own pre-processing electronic device and supplies on a unique outlet such as 44' for the strip 40 and 44" for the strip 41 the succession of the values of the line analyzed by the respective strip at a given moment. A synchronization and oversampling memory 45 rearranges the values coming from the different strips and belonging to the same line, as a function of the advance speed perpendicularly to the direction of this line. This memory must thus have a greater capacity than the memory 25 of FIG. 2, because it must be able to store part of the image corresponding to the surface covered by the four strips and its interspaces d. At the outlet 46 of this memory, there are thus to be found the same values as at the outlet 36 and 26 of the FIGS. 3 and 2, respectively, which are then submitted to a filtering in a filter 27 as before.
Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. In particulier, an oversampling rate k different from four can be chosen. Moreover, one can, besides the analysis of fissures in a sheet of steel by means of X-rays, proceed to the analysis of a photographic negative or to the non-destructive control of materials is radiated by an appropriate radiation such as visible, infrared or ultraviolet. The method according to the invention is able to improve the two limiting factors related to the nature of the strips of photodetectors: namely the smoothing and the spectral folding. Due to the oversampling, the folding effect of the spectrum is reduced. The signal can then be decorrelated over a larger spectral width. Surely, a low-pass filtered version of the ideal signal may always be obtained, but one disposes of correct informations over a larger frequential range and the smoothing effect of the photodetectors has been reduced.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 17, 1971
|Oct 10, 1972
|Comp Generale Electricite
|Optical-electrical movement detector utilizing staggered rows of photodetectors and logic for determining the location of a luminous spot
|May 2, 1977
|May 30, 1978
|Xerox Corporation
|Crossover arrangement for multiple scanning arrays
|Apr 17, 1978
|Apr 3, 1979
|Xerox Corporation
|Scanning array configuration
|Aug 18, 1981
|Aug 14, 1984
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image reading apparatus having a plurality of image sensors
|Oct 14, 1981
|Aug 21, 1984
|Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.
|Control system for reading device
|May 21, 1986
|Dec 8, 1987
|Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd.
|Image reader with plural pickup elements reading overlapping image regions of an original image
|Apr 2, 1985
|Aug 23, 1988
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior
|Solid state apparatus for imaging with improved resolution
|Jan 20, 1982
|Mar 20, 1990
|The Boeing Company
|LWIR sensor system with improved clutter rejection
|Apr 4, 1988
|Apr 3, 1990
|New York Institute Of Technology
|Apparatus and method for lip-synching animation
|Jun 10, 1982
|Jan 26, 1983
|Xerox Corporation
|High density imager
|Aug 19, 1986
|Mar 11, 1987
|Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd.
|Picture reading apparatus
|Title not available
|Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 6, No. 77 (E 106) 455 , May 14, 1982, JP A 57 14 250 (Canon K. K.), 25 01 1982.
|Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 6, No. 77 (E-106) [455], May 14, 1982, JP-A-57-14-250 (Canon K. K.), 25-01-1982.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 18, 1992
|Oct 5, 1993
|Hughes Training, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for generating high resolution CCD camera images
|Mar 9, 1992
|Feb 22, 1994
|Rogers Corporation
|Method of manufacture multichip module substrate
|Jan 4, 1993
|May 24, 1994
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Dithering mechanism for a high resolution imaging system
|Jun 22, 1992
|Jan 3, 1995
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration
|Programmable hyperspectral image mapper with on-array processing
|Sep 27, 1993
|Aug 15, 1995
|Rogers Corporation
|Method of manufacturing a multilayer circuit
|Mar 6, 1997
|Sep 7, 1999
|Ormet Corporation
|Vertically interconnected electronic assemblies and compositions useful therefor
|Apr 16, 1998
|Oct 9, 2001
|Georgi H. Draganoff
|Segmented sliding yardsticks error tolerant fingerprint enrollment and verification system and method
|Mar 9, 2004
|Feb 5, 2008
|Deltapix Aps
|Method and apparatus for producing a high resolution image
|Mar 1, 2004
|Sep 8, 2009
|Raytheon Company
|Method for analyzing output data of array subelements of an imaging segmented array
|Mar 1, 2004
|Oct 5, 2010
|Raytheon Company
|Imaging sensor system with staggered arrangement of imaging detector subelements, and method for locating a position of a feature in a scene
|Mar 9, 2004
|Sep 2, 2004
|Andersen Steen Orsted
|Method and apparatus for producing a high resolution image
|U.S. Classification
|382/323, 382/324, 348/252
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 26, 1989
Owner name: EUROPEAN COAL AND STEEL COMMUNITY, BATIMENT JEAN M
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:GOUTTE, ROBERT;JACQUEMOD, GILLES;ODET, CHRISTOPHE;REEL/FRAME:005113/0881
Effective date: 19890602
Owner name: EUROPEAN COAL AND STEEL COMMUNITY,LUXEMBOURG
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:GOUTTE, ROBERT;JACQUEMOD, GILLES;ODET, CHRISTOPHE;REEL/FRAME:005113/0881
Effective date: 19890602
|Sep 27, 1994
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jan 5, 1999
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jun 13, 1999
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Aug 24, 1999
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19990611


text:
Dancing with the Stars Season 21 Begins
If you're a Nick Carter fan..it might be the season for you!
If you're a Nick Carter fan..it might be the season for you!
We hope you enjoyed Skycam 927's video of the Insane Inflatable 5K at Six Flags Great Adventure this past Saturday. It was a lot of fun to get unprecedented access to the Safari and aerial access to Kingda Ka and some of Great Adventure's other signature rides. Unfortunately, the day didn't end well for the WOBM Drone.
The bouncers were out in Jackson today, when the Insane Inflatable 5K took over Six Flags Great Adventure. The course went though the safari, with buffalo, deer, and the famous baboons looking on. Check out Skycam 927's video and see the runners, the animals, and Great Adventure's massive Kindga Ka from the sky!
Check out the action from Six Flags with the Insane Inflatable 5K ..... Presented by Barnabas Health ....
Along with the hundreds of human heroes who saved lives and sacrificed their own on September 11, 2001, there were also many search and rescue dogs involved in the aftermath of the worst terrorist attack on American soil.
As this marks the 14th year since September 11th, 2001, I thought this would be perfect to remember Never Forget everyone who lost their precious life on that day in September. And that day, "Do you remember the sky.. a crystal clear beautiful sky?"
Today marks the 14th Anniversary of the 9/11 terror attacks ... and today we take a moment to pledge to "Never Forget" !
Some events happening today locally ...
It's no secret that "America's Got Talent" judge Howie Mandel is a germophobe. In fact, he could be credited with bringing the fist bump into everyday life from his days of avoiding handshakes on "Deal Or No Deal". So, if you put him on the spot and pretty much double dare him to stick his hand in a kid's mouth, will he do it?
Between a monologue, musical number and George Clooney, Colbert proved his satirical days are behind him.
With Labor Day Weekend here, a lot of us will be enjoying family and friends at some of the final BBQs of the season. So why not impress those friends and family with this mind boggling perfectly skinned watermelon?

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Comments about 'Colorado River's future closely tied to that of national parks, advocate says'
- Oldest first
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- Most recommended
I think this puts an end to the CUP project to pump water from a Green River
that feeds the Colorado river that feeds into Mexico and western US states. Its
may be why the CUP was defunded, to preserve the Colorado river system from
being exploited to develop deserts into opulent east coast industrial giants.
The deseret is what it is, a desert with very limited growth and industrial development.
So with the CUP dead, will the state of Utah repeal the 60 year old bond that in-debts taxpayers of Utah for a multibillion dollar project that can never be completed or finished because of environmental scorched earth dehydration processes? I think its only right and the honoraable thing to do so we can redirect this tax to economic food to feed the economy with consumer cash and carry spending.
- 2:35 a.m. July 10, 2013
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Shark Attacks Boca Raton Girl in Waist-Deep Water Off New Smyrna Beach
A 13-year-old girl was bitten by a shark as she swam in waist-deep water off New Smyrna Beach in Volusia County on Sunday.
The girl, Alexandra Masterson, was bodysurfing around 4:40 Sunday afternoon when she felt something hit her in the leg.
It wasn't until she was carried out of the water that the wound in her left leg revealed bite marks.
See also: Shark Attacks Man Off Hallandale Beach in Waist-Deep Water
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According to WESH-TV in Orlando, Alexandra was treated on the scene and then taken to a local hospital. The the shark itself was never seen. Hospital officials believe she was bitten by a spinner shark, according to the type of wound Alexandra suffered.
Other sharks were spotted in Coca Beach, while Brevard County Ocean Rescue ordered swimmers to get out of the water in Melbourne Beach when a shark was reported to be in the area.
Alexandra's close encounter with a shark in waist-deep water marks the second time within the month a shark has bitten someone just a few feet from the shore.
Earlier in August, a man was wading around in waist-deep water in Hallandale Beach when he was bitten in the foot.
The shark bit down on the man's foot and let go after the victim thrashed around. The man was able to walk to the shore to flag down lifeguards, who immediately determined the man's wound was from a shark bite.
The man was treated and released.
As for Alexandria, she received a few stitches for her wounds. She is expected to make a full recovery.
Send your story tips to the author, Chris Joseph. Follow Chris Joseph on Twitter
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Native Plants
Q. Who is Mr. Smarty Plants?
A: There are those who suspect Wildflower Center volunteers are the culpable and capable culprits. Yet, others think staff members play some, albeit small, role. You can torture us with your plant questions, but we will never reveal the Green Guru's secret identity.
Did you know you can access the Native Plant Information Network with your web-enabled smartphone?
Ask Mr. Smarty Plants is a free service provided by the staff and volunteers at the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center.
rate this answer
Wednesday - December 02, 2009
From: Marble Falls, TX
Region: Southwest
Topic: Cacti and Succulents
Title: Potted crown of thorns cactus cold tolerance in Marble Falls, TX
Answered by: Barbara Medford
QUESTION:I have a large potted crown-of-thorns cactus. Can it remain outside this winter in the Texas Hill Country?
When we originally received this question, we went to our Native Plant Database and found Koeberlinia spinosa (crown of thorns), which grows natively in far South Texas and the Big Bend area, where temperatures are warmer than they are in Central Texas; however, this plant is known to be hardy to 0 deg. F. So, we replied that we thought the potted plant would be all right outside. Turns out we let the common name curse keep us from finding the plant actually referred to in the question. This old-fashioned houseplant, Euphorbia milii, crown of thorns, is more likely the plant about which the inquiry was sent.
The Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center is dedicated to the use, care and propagation of plants native not only to North America but to the area in which it is being grown. This puts this native of Madagascar our of our realm of expertise. We can tell you that while we said the Koeberlinia spinosa could be wintered over outside in a pot in the Hill Country of Texas, we find that the Euphorbia milii is only hardy from Zones 9b to 11. Central Texas is generally Zone 8a. The plant itself would be threatened by a hard frost in this area, and certainly a plant with its roots exposed in a pot would be even more likely to be damaged by cold weather. Euphorbia milii should be treated as an indoor potted plant over the winter. Here is more information on this plant from Floridata and pictures from Google.
One further note: neither the Koeberlinia spinosa nor the Euphorbia milii are cacti. Koeberlinia spinosa is a member of the Capparaceae or Caper family, while Euphorbia milii is a member of the Euphorbiaceae or Spurge family.
More Cacti and Succulents Questions
Topmost leaves on yucca are brown
June 08, 2009 - I live in the Lansing, Michigan area, in the lower peninsula and have a couple yuccas whose topmost leaves are brown emerging from winter. Do I prune those, or has the plant died? Thank you.
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Native plants for a New York, NY apartment?
August 14, 2009 - Dear Mr. Smarty Plants, What are some native Mid-Atlantic/New England plants that can be grown well indoors? I live in an apartment in New York City and have recently realised that the plants I'v...
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June 27, 2013 - What are some plants that will grow around my salt water pool where there is some salt water runoff occasionally.
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Possibly non-native succulent identification
March 27, 2008 - My mother has a plant that grows on a stalk, 2.5' tall, leaves are about 4-5" on the mature plant. The leaves are scalloped on the edges and seeds grown in the scallops & fall off and make new plan...
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Plant ID of succulent from Flagler Beach FL
July 08, 2012 - file:///C:/Users/CircuitCity/Downloads/All%20sizes%20%20%20baby%20plants%20growing%20on%20succulent%20leaves%20%20%20Flickr%20-%20Photo%20Sharing!_files/3901143728_dcf227ea85.jpg I have a succulent t...
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text:
Audio switcher
This audio switcher has four inputs (XLR balanced or AES3), one digital output and one analog output. The fourth input can be an external audio source the on-board audio player. The unit automatically switches to the secondary input if the primary source fails (loss of audio or loss of digital clock or data error, etc.), then third and then fourth. The priority of source and time delay before action can be set by the user. The threshold of silence detection is also user definable. The unit can also be controlled from a PC on an IP network or from the push buttons on the front panel. Switching can also be set on a timed schedule. It has redundant power supplies. In case of power failure an internal direct relay bypass is provided between digital input and output and between analog input and output. Sources are sample-rate converted and up to 24-bit/48kHz inputs can be used. All inputs and outputs can be monitored and metered via IP and the front panel. The unit also has a GPIO and RS-232 port on the rear panel.
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With today being the first of the year, most people have either made or thought about a New Year's resolution and quitting tobacco use is one of the most popular year after year.
Keywords: New Year's Resolution, public health, Quitline Iowa, smoking, tobacco use
14% of Americans have at least one tattoo. Do you?
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APIA: Family Programs ICWA Case Worker in Jobs / Sand Point
via http://www.apiai.org/jobs/
Family Programs ICWA Case Worker
in Jobs / Sand Point
Schedule: Full-time (37.5 hours per week)
Education: Associates of Arts degree in Social Science or closely related field
Closing Date: None
Salary: Pay starting at $19.53 per hour, DOE
Family Programs is seeking an Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) Case Worker based in Sand Point, AK. The individual will work closely with the ICWA Coordinator to provide advocacy and support to ICWA clients and their families through different phases of case. (more…)


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|Name: _________________________
|Period: ___________________
This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.
Short Answer Questions
1. Why does Brigham throw wine in the Colonel's face?
2. After learning about the duel, what does Serena tell Brigham when she goes to his room?
3. Who exercises privileges by claiming a dance with Serena?
4. In the final pages of Chapter Thirteen, after the battle when some of the men want to go after the English army, what does Brigham say?
5. What does Brigham see happening to Coll during the battle of Drumossie Moor?
Short Essay Questions
1. Where does the family go now that the cave is no longer safe?
2. How do they treat Brigham's wounds in the cave?
3. What does Brigham learn from the earl of Whitesmouth?
4. What misunderstanding does Brigham realize Serena has after they make love?
5. What does Brigham say when she tells him there is nothing she denies him? Explain why he feels that way?
6. How many men are there when the standard is raised at Glenfinnan? Is that a sufficient number to go to war? If not, why do they proceed?
7. What happens as the group of Highlanders move eastward? Explain why this happens?
8. How does the author handle the crossover between what is happening in Glenroe at the same time as the battle near Culloden House? How do each progress?
9. What does Brigham reply when Serena asks why he fights Standish? Explain what he means.
10. What happens when five dragoons find Serena and the rest hiding in the cave?
Essay Topics
Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:
Essay Topic 1
What changes after the Scots take Edinburgh? Does this influence the outcome of the war? How?
Essay Topic 2
Why is the ending of this story actually a beginning? What feelings do Serena and Brigham express as they prepare to leave. What hopes do they take with them?
Essay Topic 3
Explain what influences the strength of the Scottish Highlanders as they go to war. Give examples of how this is demonstrated in the story.
This section contains 868 words
(approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page)


text:
Were Neanderthals CANNIBALS who caused their own extinction? Early humans may have wiped themselves out by eating one another
- Neanderthal bones from several European sites show signs of cannibalism
- Experts used computer models to examine the impact this would have had
- Faced with competition from Homo sapiens, their populations dwindled
- Researchers say cannibalism 'played a major role' in Neanderthal demise
They survived in the harsh Ice Age climate of Europe for well over 100,000 years before disappearing entirely 40,000 years ago.
While the extinction of the Neanderthals has been blamed on both our own modern ancestors and climate change, a new study claims they may have been the architects of their own downfall.
The research suggests the early species may have resorted to cannibalism and this ultimately led to their demise.
Cannibalism among Neanderthal groups may have played a major role in their extinction, according to new research. Computer models have shown that when faced with competition from modern humans, Neanderthals (reconstruction pictured) may have resorted to cannibalism, devastating their own population
Scientists claim these early human cousins may have started eating each other as resources dwindled in the face of competition from our Homo sapien ancestors.
This would have caused their numbers to dwindle and their populations to fragment to a point where they could not recover.
There are a number of theories about the extinction of the Neanderthals.
The earliest proto-Neanderthals are thought to have emerged 350,000 to 600,000 years ago.
Fully formed Neanderthals are then thought to have dominated much of Europe for 100,000 years before died out 40,000 years ago.
This was around 5,000 years after anatomically modern humans are thought to have moved into Europe from Africa.
Some claim violent conflicts with Homo sapiens led to the Neanderthals eventually being wiped out. Our ancestor's superior technology and fitness may have aided in this.
Others have suggested parasites and disease may have spread rapidly within the Neanderthal populations. It is possible Homo sapiens brought new diseases with them the Neanderthals had not resistance too.
Competition with modern humans would also have meant fewer resources for Neanderthals as their rivals spread, causing them to struggle to find food and shelter.
Changes in the climate are also thought to have contributed to their decline. While Homo sapiens were well adapted to hunting prey over long distances, the Neanderthals may have struggled in warmer temperatures.
Neanderthals thick-set bodies would also have required more energy to move around than modern humans, meaning they would have been less able to survive food shortages.
Professor Jorid Agusti, a palaeoecologist at the University of Rovira Virgili, Tarragona, Spain, and his colleagues used sophisticated computer models to study what may have happened to the Neanderthals.
They found that if Neanderthals faced competition from a non-cannibalistic rival – modern humans – their own cannibalism would have a negative impact on their populations.
Fossilised remains discovered in caves around Europe have already provided some clues that Neanderthals resorted to cannibalism to supplement their diet.
Professor Agusti said: 'Our results show that, without serious competitors, cannibalism is an optimal strategy in hostile environments.
'It allows a group to increase its resources and protects the zone from incoming groups.
'On the other hand, once a non-cannibalistic competitor is introduced in this very same environment, cannibalism becomes an extremely negative trait, as individuals still benefit from this behaviour, but it is clearly adverse for the species as a whole.
'The behaviour of Neanderthal groups eventually led to their own extinction when late Pleistocene anatomically modern Homo sapiens started populating the environment, to which they were extremely well adapted.'
The researchers, whose study is published in the journal Quaternary International, say a number of Neanderthal populations appear to have indulged in cannibalism.
There is evidence of Neanderthals eating or butchering some of their own kind from sites in northern Croatia along with several sites in France and Spain.
For example 100,000-year-old bones discovered in a cave in Moula-Guercy on the Rhone River in Adeche, France, showed signs of having been butchered and eaten.
Cut marks seen on Neanderthal bones have provided some evidence they butchered and even ate their own kind (a Neanderthal child's thigh bone found, France, bearing cut marks is pictured). The grisly scenario also appears to have taken place in Spain, where damage to the bone suggests they were broken to extract marrow
The grisly scenario also appears to have been played out at El Sidron in Spain, where cut marks and damage to the bone suggest they were broken to extract marrow.
Research has shown cultural life became increasingly important for early humans.
Experts believe our ancestors moved from a primitive 'live fast and die young' strategy to a 'live slow and grow old' one.
Elsewhere, modern humans gained new cultural abilities that allowed them to better exploit their environments and out-compete groups such as Neanderthals.
Archaeologists have found cave paintings, rock art and beads dating from after 50,000 years ago, where before then there was limited evidence of art and culture.
The study explains art is an indicator of humans' ability to innovate, and once people start innovating, technology changes rapidly.
It was likely this process that allowed humans to successfully populate the planet.
These Neanderthal remains were around 43,000 years old, shortly before the species disappeared entirely.
Professor Agusti and his colleagues said this suggests Neanderthals may have routinely engaged in cannibalism, but as their access to resources dwindled this became more common practice.
They point to modern groups that engage in cannibalism and how their populations can often collapse when under pressure from non-cannibalistic rival groups.
The researchers wrote: 'The cannibals that still survive are displaced from the richest areas, and live on the borders with arid areas or in isolated niches.
'This situation is remarkably similar to what we know about the end of the era of the Neanderthals.'
There are many competing theories for why Neanderthals disappeared.
The most common are that as the climate changed towards the end of the last Ice Age, they were less able to cope in the warmer conditions.
Neanderthals (reconstruction pictured) disappeared around 40,000 years ago. There are many theories for what caused their extinction, but new research suggests they may have been partly responsible themselves
Their demise also coincided with the arrival of anatomically modern humans from Africa and it is likely they competed with each other for resources.
Recent genetic studies have revealed that modern humans and Neanderthals interbred at several points in the past.
But some anthropologists suggest modern humans actively fought and wiped out Neanderthal tribes.
Dr Agusti and his colleagues said, however, the scenario they put forward would mean the Neanderthal populations could have collapsed without modern humans having to prey upon them.
In April last year, scientists claimed it may have been infectious diseases carried by our modern human ancestors as they migrated out of Africa that finished the Neanderthals off.
Experts studying genetic, fossil and archaeological evidence said that Neanderthals suffered from a wide range of diseases that still plague us today.
They have found evidence that suggests our prehistoric cousins would have been infected by diseases such as tuberculosis, typhoid, whooping cough, encephalitis and the common cold.
But anthropologists from Cambridge University and Oxford Brookes University said that new diseases carried by modern humans may have led to the downfall of Neanderthals.
A previous study said Neanderthals may have succumbed to infectious diseases carried to Europe by modern humans as they migrated out of Africa. Bacteria that cause tuberculosis are shown above
They speculate that pathogens like Heliocbacter pylori, the bacteria that causes stomach ulcers, were brought to Europe by modern humans from Africa and may have infected Neanderthals, who would have been unable to fight off these new diseases.
However, Neandethals may have also helped modern humans by passing on slivers of immunity against some diseases to our ancestors when they interbred.
Dr Simon Underdown, a principal lecturer in anthropology at Oxford Brookes University and co-author of the study, said: 'As Neanderthal populations became more isolated they developed very small gene pools and this would have impacted their ability to fight off disease.
'When Homo sapiens came out of Africa they brought diseases with them.
'We know that Neanderthals were actually much more advanced than they have been given credit for and we even interbred with them.
'Perhaps the only difference was that we were able to cope with these diseases but Neanderthals could not.'
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*Just like the headline says, this page/board is where you can discuss the stuff that we didn't cover in today's issue. (It's sort of like feedback with a twist) Remember, NO name calling, racial taunting, graphic sex talk and vulgarity in general, PLEASE.
"I didn't have anybody, really, no foundation in life, so I had to make my own way. Always, from the start. I had to go out in the world and become strong, to discover my mission in life." – Tina Turner
Feb. 26: Singer Fats Domino is 85. Actor-director Bill Duke is 70. Singer Erykah Badu is 42. R&B singer Rico Wade of Society of Soul is 41. Singer Kyle Norman of Jagged Edge is 38. Singer Corinne Bailey Rae is 34.
Feb. 26, 1964: On this day, the Kentucky boxer known to all as Cassius Clay changed his name to Muhammad Ali as he accepted Islam and rejected Christianity. (Source: www.BlackFacts.com)
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varkdm • Comments
Page 1 of 6
The Doom movie missed the point - but so did most rival games
I loved doom, doom2, doom3 and im currently loving doom...err..the new one. First quality fps in a very long time that has just been about the fun and the challenge and its a joy because of it. Reply +2
Exploring a tiny galaxy filled with jerks in Stellaris
@mingster there are mods that double or even quadruple Ai aggression levels. Ibdoubled them after a very passive playthrough. Had a long play through where I had rapidly and greedily expanded out to be the largest of 50 empires in a 2000 star game and still only one declared on me. Ive now quadrupled it..... Reply 0
Stellaris Review
Loving this game. I love the idea of 4x games and have been playing them since master of orion. Unfortunately theres only a handful of really good ones amongst a sea of dross, the last one I really enjoyed was endless space. However, the exploration, diplomacy, galaxy map, events, randomised aliens and research systems in stellaris have just completely hooked me already. Reply +1
Battleborn review
Bought it, played about 3 hours.. couldnt be bothered to continue it. Sound was broken (missing sounds, delays and occasionally long hitches in the entire game) and had exactly the same problem with Deserts of Karak which i believe was also Gearbox. I've never had any problems like it on any other game and im a prolific gamer.
But even with the sound issues aside, the gameplay was sterlie, the special abilities felt weak and pointless and the loot system just didnt appeal to me as much as I thought it might. I just dont have time for another Gearbox dissapointment and so for only the second time ever i got a steam refund for it. Reply 0
EverQuest Next has been cancelled, Landmark still on track
Watch a massive Elite: Dangerous fleet jump into hyperspace
I really dont get whats special about this, this kind of stuff happens in Eve, on a far larger scale, all the time. It looks kinda cool, but deserving an article about? hmmm. Reply +4
A single button press skips loading screens in XCOM 2
@HertogJashin there's a mod for that on steam workshop. Reply +1
XCOM 2 guide
@chucklepie well..... Steam takes a 30% cut, but also gives you unlimited downloads of the game for as long as steam is around. The disc, probably cost less than 30% to produce. So, if you are happy using the disc, then great, save yourself the money. But a lot of people, myself included, are lazy fucks who just want to click the button and play the game the moment it launches on digital download :) Reply -1
Homeworld: Deserts of Kharak review
Is it time for a PS4 SSD upgrade?
@unclemonkey why isnt 480gb enough? What are games are people playing that take up so much space? I've had a ps4 for more than 2 years and only just hit the storage limit before christmas.. so.. i deleted a bunch of games i hadnt played for ages and problem gone.. id gladly trade up to an SSD as i think the load times on ps4 are painful, especially as im all SSD on my PC and the gulf in performance gets more and more as time goes on. Reply -1
Ex-Sony Online boss announces RPG Hero's Song
@Triggerhappytel Its not just salaries, they will have to fund equipment, software licenses, customer support teams, marketing, online infrastructure etc. All of that needs to be in place before the game can launch. Reply +3
What you actually do in The Division
To those saying its ubisoft, so it will be shit: The publisher is ubisoft. The developer is Massive. To my knowledge, Massive have never made a bad game and have made some superb, genre spanning games in their time. Reply +6
GAME blames low last-gen sales for pre-Christmas slump
I'm not really surprised that Game shops are more expensive than online retailers.. of course they are.. they have the shops running costs to pay for. They have their uses and actually do have some good deals from time to time (online and in the shops) but to switched on buyers they aren't really the place to go. But that was never their core market, it was parents and grandparents out browsing for stuff for their kids .. and kids (who cant pay online) spending their pocket money and store credit for trade ins. Reply 0
Total War: Warhammer developer "disheartened" by pre-order DLC reaction
The reason why there are so many complaints this time, is that in previous times the addon factions just weren't that important. The greek states were all basically the same and not significantly different to the other 10-15 other playable factions in game in terms of units, strategy or map location. However.. in Warhammer there are so few races to play compared to factions in historical TW games that this is like chopping off 20% of the game unless you preorder it. Reply +2
Fallout 4 beta patch due next week on PC
@ISmoke have you disabled vsync? That glitch happens when your frame rate is too high and it messes with the games physics engine. If so, you need to run a frame rate limiter and set it to 60, so you still lose the input lag from vsync, but the game engine doesn't go mental on you (no vysnc and high frames makes everything move faster as well). Reply 0
Why I'm tired of Fallout 4 encumbrance
I think the particular problem with f4's system is that is neither one or the other. Its not even close to being realistic but imposes tiresome limits in the name of realism. I'm all for a realistic inventory, when the game mechanics properly support it. People say its an rpg, the limits are part of that... Its nothing to do with being an rpg. Even halo has realistic inventory management and master chief is in power armour! Either do it properly, but have systems to support it - like having your settlers collect all the items from cleared areas after you move on, or make a decision in the name of gameplay to throw realism out the window so people can just gave fun with the game. F4's bastardised system really pleased very few because its not realistic enough for those that want realism and its no fun for those that dont. Reply +2
First thing I did was player.modav carryweight 100000 .
Carry weight and limitations are done well in some rpgs - deus ex, witcher etc but the system is just awful in TES and newer fallout games, even mores so with new crafting on F4. There's no realism to an arbitrary weight limit. Claiming the abilty to sprint and jump around whilst carrying 4 rifles, a shotgun, 2 pistols, an smg, thousands of rounds of ammo, bunches of grenades, molotovs, drugs, stimpaks whilst wearing armour plating, but not move at all if you add another rifle to the mix is just ludicrous.
To those saying ignore the junk pipe weapons... With the right perks they are a huge source of the rarer crafting materials, cogs, gears, copper etc. Ive been hoovering up literally everything, haven't done much settlement construction other than that required for each settlement to function properly, but still run out of stuff when modding weapons and armour. I could leave the weight limits on and fast travel and dump gear every 5 minutes, but that's just a chore, not a fun thing to do in a game that already takes up huge amounts of time to play. Reply -4
Fallout 4 mods are already changing the game in cool ways
Whilst we are on the subject of altering fallout 4, the best mod ive found so far.. more of a tweak than a mod is... forcing vsync off in the driver settings for the game. That fucks the game up on its own though (everything moves really fast and you actually cant leave computer terminals once you are in them), but the way to fix that is to run a frame rate limiter. So now I run the game with vsync off and frames limited to a max of 60. No more heavy input lag, it makes such a difference to the feel of the game. Reply 0
I think I get what some are saying about mods on here. If you look on nexus there are 44,572 mods. Then there are also thousands of mod on Steam and on other sites as well. A lot of those are copies of each other, but its safe to say there at least 50,000 skyrim mods available. I heavily modded my copy of Skyrim, at some points I even had the error message about exceeding the maximum number of mods in use at once (235 I think?). Sooo.. individually only a tiny percentage of those mods were actually of interest to me. There are a lot of things like "Ultra 4k HD Spoon Texture" on there that I remember seeing and thinking.. "what the fuck was the point in that?". But some people downloaded it.
It might be only a tiny percentage individually, but thousands of those mods are downloaded by tens or hundreds of thousands of people, in some cases millions of people. I never used "Cloaks of Skyrim" but 4.3m downloads on nexus suggest quite a few others did.
So as an experience, modding skyim from scratch, now, is a great deal of trawling through shit (and a lot of mods that simply aren't designed for me) but there is so much good stuff in there it makes it a worthwhile exercise. I literally could not stand to play vanilla Skyrim any more. Bland textures, stiff animations, awful combat, buggy, far too easy even at highest difficulties, frustrating mechanics.. the list goes on. My steam profile says ive put in nearly 600 hours on Skyrim (which is kinda horrifying in a way, that's nearly a month of my life, I may need to rethink things...). In all that time I only ever completed the main storyline once. I spent the rest of exploring and re-exploring the world thanks to mods.
I was excited about Fallout 4 more than other game this year, not because I loved the other Fallout games (which I did) but because once id played through it, I knew I could come back, pretty much every 6 months and play it again with a bunch of mods on it and experience a completely different (and usually better) game each time. Reply +1
What does it take to run Fallout 4 at 1080p60?
The best thing I did to improve the feel of the game was force vsync off in the driver settings for the game. This fucks the game up on its own though (everything moves really fast and you actually cant leave computer terminals once you are in them), but the way to fix that is to run a frame rate limiter. So now I run the game with vsync off and frames limited to a max of 60. No more heavy input lag. Reply 0
Rebel Galaxy review
Metal Gear Solid 5 will have horse armour DLC
I don't really mind cosmetic dlc. As much as people complain about dlc and similar practices, I did some basic math a few weeks ago on another topic where cost came up and based on inflation alone, console games should be costing about �68 if they were still being charged at their relative ps1 launch day prices. They aren't, and there is resistance to increasing that cost by gamers, despite the increasing complexity and development costs of games. So complain away about dlc, but ask what you prefer... �68 for a new AAA game, or �50 + optional dlc. As long as the dlc is cosmetic or harmless time saving (xp booster in an mmo for example) then I prefer that system to knowing I'm going to have to pay extra for every game I buy. Reply +1
Watch No Man's Sky wow Stephen Colbert
@mcronline it does have eleite style stuff in it. He said in some of the E3 stuff (I think maybe with IGN) that if you wanted to be a trader, a pirate, a bounty hunter and never ever explore anything, then you could do that. Similarly you could also land on a planet and never ever leave it and spend your whole time exploring that. Collecting and trading materials, data and items is the core of the game.
The game also generates points of interest, factions, loot items (space suit, gun, ship stuff and ships - all procedurally generated). Factions will war each other and you can take part (but not like lots of players in the same factions, just as you are travelling through systems you will encounter factions that happen to be at war with other factions). Reply 0
Star Wars Battlefront PC specs confirmed
@simpleexplodingmaybe Really? I bought my pc 4 years ago (for the launch of planetside 2) - i52500, 8gbram and a 670gtx) and its still fine. I'm getting to the point where I want to upgrade (principlally for fallout 4) but I haven't encountered a game yet where it's struggled with "high" settings. Reply +5
Fallout 4's big Season Pass promise
@Ivattthestanier you have sort of answered your own question. Assuming average inflation of 2.5% a year, the ps2 was released in 2000 ( so 15 years inflation @ 2.5%), what was �40 then, should now on average cost �58. Game development is more expensive now as well, although more people also buy games... But there's a bigger trade in market, but its complex, but at the very least, games *should* cost �58. Reply +2
Amazon Underground makes hundreds of F2P Android games actually free
@BoredGame because amazon have offices and infrastructure in the UK. The business that runs through that infrastructure should be taxed as uk corporate rates. Lego, manufacture and export their goods for sale via retailers who are domiciled in their target markets. Therefore lego goods are subject to import tariffs in this country, but they don't have to pay corporate tax as they don't need their infrastructure in the UK, other companies who are uk based, do that for them and pay corporation tax. It is grossly unfair for a company like amazon, to operate how it does as local companies who want to do the same, have to pay the corporation tax that they avoid by buggering around with their structure. Reply +2
PlayStation Plus' free September offerings revealed
I'm not the least bit excited about the games in this list and haven't been for a while. But I don't really care, the games are just a bonus to a subscription that I want anyway.
I'm just not the type of gamer that this promotion is aimed at. I think a lot of the complaints (which I mostly sympathise with) are to do with the fact the offerings are just a bit too samey and rely far too much on "retro" games. I think sometimes people say they don't like indie, but what they really mean is they don't like retro and outdated graphics. As well designed and well made as some retro games are, if the main way the game presents itself to the player just doesn't work for that player, then that other stuff becomes almost meaningless. Almost. There are exceptions that even I, with my somewhat closed attitude have enjoyed .... Eg FTL. But the ones ive enjoyed, ive enjoyed because they did something new that I'd never played before and they just happened to have bad graphics.
I'm rambling a bit. I personally would like to see more 3-5 year old a-aaa games on ps+. Perhaps credit for the game rental service they launched recently... maybe assign each option a point and give everyone 5 points each month to choose from the selected games you get now or to rent an older game. Reply +3
Former BioWare devs preparing new RPG Mooncrest for Kickstarter
These guys sound kinda like nobody's. Biowares recent franchises haven't exactly been exemplary and what did they do at bioware? Were they creative or technical directors or the interns who made the coffee? Reply +3
Star Citizen, feature creep and money
@obidanshinobi you cant compare the 2 games. No mans sky saves time and money by automating the look of guns, equipment, planets, solar systems etc via the use of algorithms. The computer builds it all based on the rules they set. The graphics are also significantly lower in detail and there I little structured single player combat and no expectation that multiple players will ever be in the same place at the same time.
Star citizen is using a smaller universe, but they are hand crafting all of it. All ships, guns, planets, solar systems, space stations. This is a quality over quantity approach. They ran a competition for amateur groups of developed to build a ship for the game and it took several weeks for those teams to produce ships to the required quality of the game.
I think NMS will be great, but its not the same approach. If you ask Sean Murray if he could hand craft the planets etc instead if have a computer do it, he'd agree the handcraft would produce better results. Reply +1
Amazon Prime day deals detailed
Ive had prime for about 4 months and I don't regret getting it. It can be great value, for the right person. It cost me �80 for the year, which is not dissimilar to Netflix and they've got a pretty good range for free (including the only place to stream the boxsets of Vikings, which is what got me to sign up. But I use prime instant video almost as much as Netflix and ive used the prime next day delivery a few times (or elected to take the free slower delivery option for which they give you a �1 credit off your next digits music or video purchase) but it has always arrived next day, even on a Sunday. But amazon just aren't a games retailer so I was never expecting anything interesting from this for games. Reply 0
Lizard Squad hacker who helped bring down PSN and Xbox Live at Christmas avoids jail
John Smedley's (Daybreak Games' boss) twitter account makes interesting reading (he was harassed by this guy and so has a somewhat personal interest in what happens to him).
Apparently he still has 15 more cases pending prosecution against him, so he's not out for certain yet. Reply +7
PlanetSide 2 review
I read this article yesterday as I'm really interested I planetside and what the reception is to it on console. Had a scan through the comments. Came back today to see the extra 100 and thought it was proving to be a popular game, ps2 doesn't usually generate as much interest as it deserves. Sadly, having just scanned through those comments its the same names arguing about the same boring shit that pollutes and derails just about every comments section. Xbox is better than playstion, pc is better than everything and every possible iteration of what is better and why. Its fucking pathetic, its fucking boring and the EG mods need to start policing the comments and deleting posts that derail them.
Take your shitty arguments about which giant multinational companies that you are desperately in love with to a separate forum about why it is you feel such devotion to a faceless money making entity. I'm sure shareholders are deeply appreciative of all the time and effort you spend defending their honour and attacking their enemies.
Please stop. You are clogging up the website with crap that 99% of the readership could not care less about! Reply +3
The Taken King is the expansion Destiny has been waiting for
Wont be getting it. I thought destiny was ok, up until the endgame grind. But it did educate me about one thing, I will never buy a season pass for a game again, what a waste of money that was. Bungie asking me for another �40 for more of the same? No chance. Reply +6
On console, PlanetSide 2 is as opaque, frustrating and brilliant as it was on PC
@megatronx not quite true. You get escalating xp for kill streaks and dominations, as well as progress towards ribbons and directives which grant bonus xp and eventually rare cosmetic items. Anyone who eventually kills you and stops your streak also gets bonus xp for it (high threat kills). Also, if you do get involved in a battle at a base, there is a scoreboard that tracks the top 15 by score taking place I that battle from start to finish.
Mind you... I doubt much of that was implemented 2 years ago. Reply 0
Valve will no longer return items lost in Steam trade scams
I'm a little confused about the comment about increasing the number of items on the market and lowering their value. If they've verified a scam, why haven't they deleted the scammed item rather than duplicated it? Or is this because the item was sold to someone else who is presumably unaware it was scammed originally? Presumably this problem can be resolved by returning the item, refunding the innocent payer and putting a 2 week delay before funds are paid to a bank account from a transaction to allow time for any dispute to be raised? Reply +1
XCOM 2 serves a very different kind of strategy
@penhalion perhaps its just a case of "what if" rather than "direct sequel to the save game you played" . Perhaps calling it xcom 2 is a mistake and it should just be thought of as another game in the series. Reply +1
European PlanetSide 2 PS4 servers are still down
Haha anyone familiar with soe/daybreak games release and patching will find absolutely no surprise here! Looking forward to the patches... Iirc their twitter used to look like .. "patch released to fix issue with xp gain in certain circumstances" 1 hr later... "investigating reports of problems with patch" 4 hrs later "servers down for hotfix fixing issue with all grenades not exploding introduced with last patch".... Still, its a phenomenal game that is worth putting up with their inability to run it properly. loved it on pc and ill definitely try I on ps4. In a week or two. Reply +4
Man behind never produced $123K Kickstarter board game brought to justice
Has the guy declared bankruptcy? The article says he has an inability to pay. Normally when someone declares bankruptcy, their assets are seized to cover as much of the debt as possible and then the what remains is wiped out. If they haven't done that,but he's not paying, this judgement seems a little toothless. Reply +3
Dragon Age: Inquisition gets free multiplayer DLC next week
@sourmonkey start with origins if you don't mind the graphics getting a little dated now (although not awful, it is several years old). DA: O was probably the best all round one, DA2 was ok.. but suffered from EA cutting the budget strings and forcing it out before it was ready and DA: I is great, but at the same time lacks some of the the player engagement that DA: O had. Also best to start with DA: O as it will set the scene and you can probably get it for �5 by now. Reply 0
A paid Skyrim Steam Workshop mod has already been pulled
initially I was quite ok with this, but having thought about it some more I realise ive got 200+ mods on my skyrim installation, there's no way I would if I had to pay for all of them! Reply 0
EA shutting down four F2P PC games
@jamyskis1981 I think reports of the death of f2p are greatly exaggerated. Those that did it right are still going well enough. League of legends, dota, hearthstone, warframe, planetside 2, heroes of the storm and tf2 off the top of my head :) Reply +1
Deus Ex: Mankind Divided gets a debut trailer
@DozyKipper sometimes they just start you with the same powers, but the world has moved on and they no longer cut it :) Reply +1
Halo Online modders working to strip micro-transactions, release worldwide
@bad09 we might yet see halo back on the pc. MS has started making waves about how they've neglected the pc gaming platform and how they want to focus on it again, they seem to be starting out on an approach that pc gaming and the xbox are their domain, I think we will start to see xbox/pc exclusives. There has also been some speculation that MS wants to get out of console gaming industry and spin off the xbox brand or sell it, which would leave them back with Windows only. It would make sense for them to strengthen the windows gaming brand as much as they can first. Reply +1
Ninja Theory cut one of Devil May Cry's most sexually suggestive lines for Definitive Edition
@el_pollo_diablo I'm curious, would you say the same thing about George Lucas and his edited versions of the original trilogy star wars? I couldn't give a damn about this change, but if someone releases a new version of a thing, expecting people to buy it because its different to the old one, then they should expect to have to explain/justify the changes to those people that care and who are now being told the original version they bought is 'wrong' and no longer definitive. Reply +4
Daybreak Game Company, formerly SOE, lays off several staffers
@grassyknoll normally I'd agree that an investment firm picking up a games company is a bad thing, but I remember reading up a little about the one that bought SOE. Not all investment companies are in it for a quick buck and this one "says" its looking for long term investment opportunities. I think they bought another games studio(Harmonix) that as yet, they haven't devoured, torn apart and sold on. I used to work for Fidelity Investments and when I think about it, they were always about long term picture (usually a minimum five years) and they are one of the biggest. It can work out well, but im guessing SOE was in trouble before they bought it and this would have happened one way or another.
This is from their 'mission statement' "CN takes a value-oriented, long-term view to investing and seeks consistent returns with an emphasis on capital preservation." that basically means they don't do short term speculating, they find what they view as undervalued companies, that they believe have strong underlying assets and then invest in them expecting that they will turn around their performance or bring out products in the future that will build their market value. Then they might sell them, or they might keep them for the income, depending on what their investment partners prefer. Reply +1
@grassyknoll jesus, that's a huge amount. Im not surprised though, as much as I love ps2, I couldn't understand how they could be running that at the level they were with such a limited stock of things to sell that really mattered. There's only so many camos and helmets that people can buy. They did say quite specifically that they are still developing EQ Next though. They'd be kinda stupid to drop that, EQ is their biggest franchise. Reply +5
Planetside 2's record-breaking battle was an eSports moment worth savouring
@CaptainKid I see. Well... Thats interesting. You are complaining about unfair spawn camping and would prefer they brought back the ps1 spawn system. The same spawn system where the respawn timer was about 30 seconds and if the spawn was overrun, you would spawn with a shit gun and no armour, right in front of a line of heavily armed and armoured enemies... all with their guns pointing at the three tubes respawning players materialised in?! I had a macro saved for that situation, it simply said "pull!" in local chat. It was like clay pigeon shooting. At least in ps2 there's a shield over all the spawn sites, you have to make a decision to walk out into overwhelming enemy fire in order to be killed by spawn campers... tanks are nowhere near as tough or lethal as they were in Ps1 and towers and outer doors were always camped and locked down by them and as infantry you gad far fewer options to deal with them! Reply 0


text:
Release Date:
April 28, 1999
Date Published:
April 28, 1999
Motivated by his fanatical love of baseball, Ray Kinsella is inspired to build a baseball stadium in his corn field, dedicated to his hero, the legendary Shoeless Joe Jackson, in a novel that became the inspiration for the film
Ray Kinsella, an insurance agent turned farmer, begins hearing voices--rather, a Voice. "If you build it, he will come," the Voice tells Ray, who intuitively knows that "he" is Shoeless Joe Jackson, banned from baseball along with the other 1919 "Black Sox." Ray builds a baseball stadium in his cornfield, and waits. But the Voice isn't finished. "Ease his pain," it orders Ray; in this case, the person the Voice is talking about is J. D. Salinger, and Ray must kidnap him and take him to a game at Fenway Park in Boston. This is just the beginning....
Genre: Science Fiction + Fantasy, Fiction + Literature Themes
Sub-Genre: Science Fiction + Fantasy
- Genre: Fiction + Literature Themes, Science Fiction + Fantasy
- Subgenre: Science Fiction + Fantasy
- Publisher: Mariner Books
- Pages: 272
- Language: English
- Release Date: April 28, 1999
- Author: W.P. Kinsella
other Info.
- Online Item #: 11990302
- Store Item Number (DPCI): 248-31-7321
- Item can be gift wrapped.
- Made in the USA or Imported


text:
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Use a combination of these core back exercises to strengthen your lower, upper or middle back areas. Whether you're interested in barbell deadlifts or reverse extensions, we have back strengthening exercises for every level. These exercises are also featured in convenient workout routines that include proper warm-up and cool-down techniques, which greatly reduces the risk of injury.
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It's understandable to think that working out more means burning more, but burning "more" can also include burning valuables like lean muscle mass and your motivation. Train your body to avoid overtraining by looking out for these eight warning signs.
Tight IT bands—those long pieces of connective tissue that run along the outsides of the legs—can be symptomatic of imbalances or weaknesses in other parts of the legs or hips. Yoga, when practiced with proper alignment and body awareness, is effective for finding those...
Maintaining a healthy weight can be challenging and, for some people, even more difficult than losing weight. The good news is that achieving lasting weight maintenance is possible. Use these 13 tips to help you succeed at maintaining your weight-loss goals.


text:
Matrox Graphics has released its new series of PowerDesk 4.00 display driver for M-Series graphics cards, which now operate under Microsoft Windows 7.
The newest driver features stretched desktop mode to span applications across all displays, while introducing Desktop Zoom to view a preselected region on a dedicated feature display. PowerDesk 4.00 also includes personalized divisions, a function under Desktop Divider that allows users to divide the desktop into smaller cells to create a customized and personalized desktop.
Matrox PowerDesk software provides comprehensive multidisplay controls to configure and manage program windows. This window management software offers a wide range of utilities for optimal management of message pop-ups and window positioning, including controls over which display dialog boxes and message boxes appear, and how windows are maximized. PowerDesk 4.00 for M-Series cards also offers full WHQL certification for Windows 7.
The PowerDesk 4.00 display driver is now available for download.
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The Andy Griffith Show TV Show Watchlist
Season 6, Episode 27 The Foster Lady
Airs in 6 days 0 hours 56 min Monday, Jun 6, 9:00am TVLAND
Aunt Bee is hired for a series of commercials for Foster Furniture Polish, but she freezes in front of the camera. Ronnie Schell guest stars as a director. At the time, Schell was also a regular on "Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C." as Duke. Foster: Robert Emhardt. Aunt Bee: Frances Bavier.
Guest Cast
Marc London Marc London Marc Saunders
Ronnie Schell Ronnie Schell Jim Martin
Robert Emhardt Robert Emhardt Willard Foster
Eva Kryger Eva Kryger Makeup Artist
Sid Hickox Sid Hickox Cameraman
Burt Taylor Burt Taylor Burt
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- Rating: TV-G
- Premise: Gentle humor and genuinely likable characters made Mayberry a beloved fixture on the TV landscape. A Top 10 hit throughout its eight-year run (it went out at No. 1), this low-key, down-home sitcom harkened back to a simpler time and place. Mayberry may be… (more)
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