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Retinal anatomical studies have used the Drasdo & Fowler three-refracting surface schematic eye to convert between retinal distances and object field angles. We compared its performance at this task with those of more sophisticated four-refracting surface schematic eyes.
Raytracing was performed for Drasdo & Fowler, Lotmar, Navarro, Liou & Brennan, Kooijman and Atchison schematic eyes, and some of their variants.
The Drasdo & Fowler eye gives a greater rate of change of object field angle with retinal distance at the retinal centre of about 5% than the other schematic eyes. This rate of change also increases much more quickly into the peripheral retina for the Drasdo & Fowler eye than for the other eyes. The reason for these differences is only that the Drasdo & Fowler eye is shorter than the other eyes. The relationship between retinal distance and visual field angle appears robust to changes in retinal radius of curvature when the retina is spherical. The retinal asphericity of Kooijman and Atchison eyes appears to play a role beyond 14 mm (~50°).
Changing the length of the Drasdo & Fowler eye, to match those of the four-refracting surface schematic eyes, gives similar relationships between retinal distance and object field angle up to a retinal distance of approximately 14 mm (~50°). The relationship will change with refractive error as this is related to axial length and to retinal shape, and this should be taken into consideration for accurate conversions. For distances and angles beyond 14 mm and ~50°, retinal shape should be taken into account.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential of using primary care optometry data to support ophthalmic public health, research and policy making.
Suppliers of optometric electronic patient record systems (EPRs) were interviewed to gather information about the data present in commercial software programmes and the feasibility of data extraction. Researchers were presented with a list of metrics that might be included in an optometric practice dataset via a survey circulated by email to 102 researchers known to have an interest in eye health. Respondents rated the importance of each metric for research. A further survey presented the list of metrics to 2000 randomly selected members of the College of Optometrists. The optometrists were asked to specify how likely they were to enter information about each metric in a routine sight test consultation. They were also asked if data were entered as free text, menus or a combination of these.
Current EPRs allowed the input of data relating to the metrics of interest. Most data entry was free text. There was a good match between high priority metrics for research and those commonly recorded in optometric practice.
Although there were plenty of electronic data in optometric practice, this was highly variable and often not in an easily analysed format. To facilitate analysis of the evidence for public health purposes a UK based minimum dataset containing standardised clinical information is recommended. Further research would be required to develop suitable coding for the individual metrics included. The dataset would need to capture information from all sectors of the population to ensure effective planning of any future interventions.
To test the hypothesis that visual field assessment in ocular disease measured with target stimuli within or close to complete spatial summation results in larger threshold elevation compared to when measured with the standard Goldmann III target size. The hypothesis predicts a greater loss will be identified in ocular disease. Additionally, we sought to develop a theoretical framework that would allow comparisons of thresholds with disease progression when using different Goldmann targets.
The Humphrey Field Analyser (HFA) 30-2 grid was used in 13 patients with early/established optic nerve disease using the current Goldmann III target size or a combination of the three smallest stimuli (target size I, II and III). We used data from control subjects at each of the visual field locations for the different target sizes to establish the number of failed points (events) for the patients with optic nerve disease, as well as global indices for mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD).
The 30-2 visual field testing using alternate target size stimuli showed that all 13 patients displayed more defects (events) compared to the standard Goldmann III target size. The median increase for events was seven additional failed points: (range 1–26). The global indices also increased when the new testing approach was used (MD −3.47 to −6.25 dB and PSD 4.32 to 6.63 dB). Spatial summation mapping showed an increase in critical area (Ac) in disease and overall increase in thresholds when smaller target stimuli were used.
When compared to the current Goldmann III paradigm, the use of alternate sized targets within the 30-2 testing protocol revealed a greater loss in patients with optic nerve disease for both event analysis and global indices (MD and PSD). We therefore provide evidence in a clinical setting that target size is important in visual field testing.
To outline the important contributions of the French physician Petit to the development of ocular biometry.
After a brief review of Petit's life and his studies in neurology, anatomy, and cataract surgery, the methodology and results of his work in measuring many of the biometric parameters of the human eye are discussed. Among other techniques, he made use of frozen sections of eyes to explore their dimensions and employed an immersion technique to avoid the effect of corneal refraction on the appearance of the iris. His pioneering biometric results have been largely confirmed by modern studies. Those on the changes in the crystalline lens with age are particularly striking and suggest that these ocular aging effects have changed little over the last 300 years. Although largely forgotten today, his biometric work exercised a considerable influence on his more immediate successors, including Porterfield and Thomas Young.
François Pourfour du Petit deserves to be remembered as an important contributor to our understanding of the structure and dimensions of the human eye.
We investigated the impact of lens centration, wearer aberrations, pupil size and age on the optics of two bifocal contact lenses using image simulation.
Fourteen conditions (i.e. two optical profiles with two and eight concentric zones; two conditions of centration: centred and 0.77 mm decentred; and three conditions of aberrations: 0, 0.15 and 0.35 μm RMS; three pupil sizes: 3, 4.5 and 6 mm) were tested on two populations (i.e. 20–40 and 40–60 years old) using a numerical simulation method. For each condition, images were calculated for proximities ranging from -4D to + 2D with steps of 0.25D. Subjects graded the quality of each simulated image (i.e. a target 'HEV' of 0.4 logMAR) on a continuous scale from 0 to 5. To limit the effect of the observer's own aberrations, subjects viewed the displayed images through a 3-mm pupil and their optimal correction.
Both populations reported similar image quality (i.e. average absolute difference of 0.23) except for sharp and low contrast images, which obtained slightly higher grades with younger subjects, probably due to a better contrast sensitivity in this population. Typical decentration had no effect on bifocal contact lenses wearers' vision, as the ratio between areas dedicated to near and distance vision did not change. Aberrations (i.e. mainly 0.24 μm of spherical aberration on a 4.5-mm pupil) reduced the addition of the two radial zones bifocal optics and introduced a hyperopic shift (i.e. 0.50D) of the through-focus image quality for the eight radial zone bifocal lens. The combination of typical aberrations with typical decentration created the same effect as typical aberrations alone, meaning that aberration impact was stronger than decentration impact. The two radial zone bifocal lens was dependent on the pupil whereas the eight radial zone lens was not.
When fitting new bifocal optics, the aberrations of the patients, as well as their pupil diameter, are the main subject dependent parameters influencing quality of vision. Typical contact lens decentration and lower cortical treatment efficiency of retinal images of older subjects had relatively little impact.
Perimetry is increasingly being used to measure sensitivity at central visual field locations. For many tasks, the central (0°, 0°) location is functionally the most important, however threshold estimates at this location may be affected by masking by the nearby spatial structure of the fixation target. We investigated this effect.
First we retrospectively analysed microperimetry (MAIA-2; CenterVue, Padova, Italy) data from 60 healthy subjects, tested on a custom grid with 1° central spacing. We compared sensitivity at (0°, 0°) to the mean sensitivity at the eight adjacent locations. We then prospectively tested 15 further healthy subjects on the same instrument using a cross-shaped test pattern with 1° spacing. Testing was carried out with and without the central fixation target, and sensitivity estimates at (0°, 0°) were compared. We also compared sensitivity at (0°, 0°) to the mean of the adjacent four locations in each condition. Three subjects undertook 10 repeated tests with the fixation target in place to assess within-subject variability of the effect.
In the retrospective analysis, central sensitivity was median 2.8 dB lower (95% range 0.1–8.8 dB lower, p < 0.0001) than the mean of the adjacent locations. In the prospective study, central sensitivity was median 2.0 dB lower with the fixation target vs without (95% range 0.4–4.7 dB lower, p = 0.0011). With the fixation target in place central sensitivity was median 2.5 dB lower than mean sensitivity of adjacent locations (95% range 0.8–4.2 dB lower, p = 0.0007), whilst without the fixation target there was no difference (mean 0.4 dB lower, S.D. 0.9 dB, p = 0.15). These differences could not be explained by reduced fixation stability. Mean within subject standard deviation in the difference between central and adjacent locations' sensitivity was 1.84 dB for the repeated tests.
Perimetric sensitivity estimates from the central (0°, 0°) location are, on-average, reduced by 2 to 3 dB, corresponding to a 60–100% increase in stimulus luminance at threshold. This effect can be explained by masking by the nearby fixation target. The considerable within- and between-subject variability in magnitude, and the unknown effects of disease may hamper attempts to compensate threshold estimates for this effect. Clinicians should interpret central perimetric sensitivity estimates with caution, especially in patients with reduced sensitivity due to disease.
Non-uniform magnification (distortion) and dioptric blur are two major undesired optical defects affecting vision when looking through progressive addition lenses (PALs) and studying them is potentially very valuable for PAL design. The major purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationship between dioptric power and magnification and, additionally, to evaluate the expected values of distortion and dioptric blur typically present in PALs. This has not been carefully and rigorously analysed to date.
We computed the local dioptric and magnification matrices (using a two-ray differential method) for different gaze directions in an archetypical model of a PAL. We used four different maps: scalar magnification and anamorphic distortion, to describe magnification, and mean power and astigmatism, to describe dioptric power.
There is a good correlation between scalar magnification and mean power on the one hand, and anamorphic distortion and astigmatism on the other hand. Changes of 1 D in mean power are associated with variations in scalar magnification of around 3%. Also, 3% of anamorphic distortion is associated with increasing astigmatism up to 1 D. The directions of maximal power and maximal magnification are quite similar, though not equal (differences up to ± 1.5°). These directions strongly change from close to isotropic at the intermediate corridor to around 45° of oblique inclination for a few degrees of horizontal eye rotation. In typical PALs the level of distortion, which is unavoidably present when dioptric blurring appears, is small for usable vision zones (below 1 D of astigmatism).
The combined analysis of dioptric power and magnification in PALs helps to understand their limitations as a visual aid. On the one hand, the potentials of including distortion magnitude as a target in the metric function being optimised in the PAL design are reduced; on the other hand, it seems worthwhile to explore adding the degradation orientation as an additional target.
Technological devices such as smartphones and tablets are widely available and increasingly used as visual aids. This study evaluated the use of a novel app for tablets (MD_evReader) developed as a reading aid for individuals with a central field loss resulting from macular degeneration. The MD_evReader app scrolls text as single lines (similar to a news ticker) and is intended to enhance reading performance using the eccentric viewing technique by both reducing the demands on the eye movement system and minimising the deleterious effects of perceptual crowding. Reading performance with scrolling text was compared with reading static sentences, also presented on a tablet computer.
Twenty-six people with low vision (diagnosis of macular degeneration) read static or dynamic text (scrolled from right to left), presented as a single line at high contrast on a tablet device. Reading error rates and comprehension were recorded for both text formats, and the participant's subjective experience of reading with the app was assessed using a simple questionnaire.
The average reading speed for static and dynamic text was not significantly different and equal to or greater than 85 words per minute. The comprehension scores for both text formats were also similar, equal to approximately 95% correct. However, reading error rates were significantly (p = 0.02) less for dynamic text than for static text. The participants' questionnaire ratings of their reading experience with the MD_evReader were highly positive and indicated a preference for reading with this app compared with their usual method.
Our data show that reading performance with scrolling text is at least equal to that achieved with static text and in some respects (reading error rate) is better than static text. Bespoke apps informed by an understanding of the underlying sensorimotor processes involved in a cognitive task such as reading have excellent potential as aids for people with visual impairments.
To investigate the association of passive tobacco smoke exposure with early-onset myopia among three-year-old children in Singapore.
Pregnant mothers who attended their first trimester clinic at two major maternity units were recruited into the GUSTO birth cohort. The current analysis comprised 572 three-year-old children, who underwent cycloplegic autorefraction and axial length (AL) measurements. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent (SE) of ≤−0.50 diopters (D). Either parent completed questionnaires describing their child's exposure to passive smoke at six months, one and two years of age.
There were 197 children (36.2%) who were exposed to passive smoke from birth to before six months. Compared to non-exposed children, children exposed to any passive smoke from birth to before six months experienced greater myopia prevalence (adjusted OR = 2.79; 95% CI: 1.24–6.29; p = 0.01). The odds of myopia in a child was greater if a smoker smokes at home, in the family car, or in the presence of the child (adjusted OR = 3.95; 95% CI: 1.41–11.09; p < 0.01) compared to non-exposed child. In contrast to myopia, childhood exposure to passive smoke did not systematically shift mean values for SE or AL.
In this prospective birth cohort study, we found that childhood exposure to passive smoke from birth to before six months slightly increased the risk of early-onset myopia. This may indicate a delayed response to passive smoke exposure before six months and the development of myopia at three years of age. Our study is limited by the small number of myopic children at this young age. Thus, larger prospective studies using more objective cotinine level measures are required to fully establish and understand the influence of tobacco smoke on refractive development in older children.
Smoking is a risk factor for a number of eye conditions, including age-related macular degeneration, cataracts and thyroid eye disease. Smoking cessation interventions have been shown to be highly cost-effective when delivered by a range of healthcare professionals. Optometrists are well placed to deliver smoking cessation advice to a wide population of otherwise healthy smokers. Yet optometrists remain a relatively neglected healthcare professional group in smoking cessation research and policy. Surveys of UK medical/nursing schools and of optometrists' training internationally demonstrate significant deficits in current curricular coverage regarding smoking cessation. This study aimed to identify the extent of smoking cessation training in UK optometry trainees' undergraduate and pre-registration training.
All undergraduate optometry schools in the UK (n = 9) were invited to participate in a web-based survey of their curricular coverage and assessment related to smoking cessation, and of perceived barriers to delivering smoking cessation training. A content analysis of the College of Optometrists Scheme for Registration Trainee Handbook 2014 was conducted to identify competence indicators related to smoking cessation.
Nine undergraduate optometry schools (100%) responded to the survey. The majority reported dedicating limited hours (0–3) to teaching smoking cessation, and predominantly focused on teaching the harmful effects of smoking (89%). Only one school provides practical skills training for delivering evidence-based smoking cessation interventions, including very brief advice. The majority of schools (78%) reported that they did not formally examine students on their knowledge or skills for supporting smoking cessation, and rated confidence in their graduates' abilities to deliver smoking cessation interventions as 'poor' (78%). Lack of knowledge amongst staff was identified as the key barrier to teaching about smoking cessation support. The pre-registration competency framework does not include any competence indicators related to providing support for quitting smoking.
There are substantial gaps in the current curricula of UK optometry training, particularly regarding practical skills for supporting smoking cessation. Increased curricular coverage of these issues is essential to ensure trainee optometrists are adequately trained and competent in supporting patients to quit smoking.
Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by impairment of communication, social interaction and repetitive behaviours. Only a small number of studies have investigated fundamental clinical measures of vision including refractive error. The aim of this study was to describe the refractive profile of a population of children with ASD compared to typically developing (TD) children.
Refractive error was assessed using the Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001 open-field autorefractor following the instillation of cyclopentolate hydrochloride 1% eye drops.
A total of 128 participants with ASD (mean age 10.9 ± 3.3 years) and 206 typically developing participants (11.5 ± 3.1 years) were recruited. There was no significant difference in median refractive error, either by spherical equivalent or most ametropic meridian between the ASD and TD groups (Spherical equivalent, Mann–Whitney U307 = 1.15, p = 0.25; Most Ametropic Meridian, U305 = 0.52, p = 0.60). Median refractive astigmatism was −0.50DC (range 0.00 to −3.50DC) for the ASD group and −0.50DC (Range 0.00 to −2.25DC) for the TD group. Magnitude and prevalence of refractive astigmatism (defined as astigmatism ≥1.00DC) was significantly greater in the ASD group compared to the typically developing group (ASD 26%, TD 8%, magnitude U305 = 3.86, p = 0.0001; prevalence ( , p < 0.0001).
This is the first study to describe the refractive profile of a population of European Caucasian children with ASD compared to a TD population of children. Unlike other neurodevelopmental conditions, there was no increased prevalence of spherical refractive errors in ASD but astigmatic errors were significantly greater in magnitude and prevalence. This highlights the need to examine refractive errors in this population.
We described the prevalence and associated factors of myopia and high myopia in school children of different ethnicities in a rural community in Yunnan province, China.
A total of 7681 (93.4%) primary and secondary school students aged 5–16 years in Mangshi participated in this study. Cycloplegic refraction was performed using an auto-refractor. Information regarding demographic factors, socioeconomic status and lifestyle-related exposures were collected using a questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the risk factors for myopia and high myopia.
The overall prevalence of myopia and high myopia was 39.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 38.0, 40.2) and 0.6% (95% CI: 0.4, 0.8) in this study. Myopia prevalence increased significantly with increasing age (p for trend <0.001). Girls were more likely to have myopia compared with boys (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, the presence of myopia was associated with increasing height (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.03), computer use (OR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.32), having myopic father (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.94), having myopic mother (OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.63), and increasing time on reading (OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.28) after adjusting for age, sex and ethnicity.
Nowadays myopia but not high myopia is prevalent among school children in rural China. Significant ethnic differences in myopia prevalence were not observed. A significant 'cohort effect' of myopia previously observed in urban cities had occurred in rural communities in China.
Over the past 25 years, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and adaptive optics (AO) ophthalmoscopy have revolutionised our ability to non-invasively observe the living retina. The purpose of this review is to highlight the techniques and human clinical applications of recent advances in OCT and adaptive optics scanning laser/light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) ophthalmic imaging.
Optical coherence tomography retinal and optic nerve head (ONH) imaging technology allows high resolution in the axial direction resulting in cross-sectional visualisation of retinal and ONH lamination. Complementary AO ophthalmoscopy gives high resolution in the transverse direction resulting in en face visualisation of retinal cell mosaics. Innovative detection schemes applied to OCT and AOSLO technologies (such as spectral domain OCT, OCT angiography, confocal and non-confocal AOSLO, fluorescence, and AO-OCT) have enabled high contrast between retinal and ONH structures in three dimensions and have allowed in vivo retinal imaging to approach that of histological quality. In addition, both OCT and AOSLO have shown the capability to detect retinal reflectance changes in response to visual stimuli, paving the way for future studies to investigate objective biomarkers of visual function at the cellular level. Increasingly, these imaging techniques are being applied to clinical studies of the normal and diseased visual system.
Optical coherence tomography and AOSLO technologies are capable of elucidating the structure and function of the retina and ONH noninvasively with unprecedented resolution and contrast. The techniques have proven their worth in both basic science and clinical applications and each will continue to be utilised in future studies for many years to come.
Over the last two decades, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used in neuroscience research to assess both structure and function in the brain in health and disease. With regard to vision research, prior to the advent of MRI, researchers relied on animal physiology and human post-mortem work to assess the impact of eye disease on visual cortex and connecting structures. Using MRI, researchers can non-invasively examine the effects of eye disease on the whole visual pathway, including the lateral geniculate nucleus, striate and extrastriate cortex. This review aims to summarise research using MRI to investigate structural, chemical and functional effects of eye diseases, including: macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, albinism, and amblyopia.
Structural MRI has demonstrated significant abnormalities within both grey and white matter densities across both visual and non-visual areas. Functional MRI studies have also provided extensive evidence of functional changes throughout the whole of the visual pathway following visual loss, particularly in amblyopia. MR spectroscopy techniques have also revealed several abnormalities in metabolite concentrations in both glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. GABA-edited MR spectroscopy on the other hand has identified possible evidence of plasticity within visual cortex.
Collectively, using MRI to investigate the effects on the visual pathway following disease and dysfunction has revealed a rich pattern of results allowing for better characterisation of disease. In the future MRI will likely play an important role in assessing the impact of eye disease on the visual pathway and how it progresses over time.
To introduce a newly developed instrument for measuring the topography of the anterior eye, provide principles of its operation and to assess its accuracy and precision.
The Eye Surface Profiler is a new technology based on Fourier transform profilometry for measuring the anterior eye surface encompassing the corneo-scleral area. Details of technical principles of operation are provided for the particular case of sequential double fringe projection. Technical limits of accuracy have been assessed for several key parameters such as the carrier frequency, image quantisation level, sensor size, carrier frequency inaccuracy, and level and type of noise. Further, results from both artificial test surfaces as well as real eyes are used to assess precision and accuracy of the device (here benchmarked against one of popular Placido disk videokeratoscopes).
Technically, the Eye Surface Profiler accuracy can reach levels below 1 μm for a range of considered key parameters. For the unit tested and using calibrated artificial surfaces, the accuracy of measurement (in terms of RMS error) was below 10 μm for a central measurement area of 8 mm diameter and below 40 μm for an extended measurement area of 16 mm. In some cases, the error reached levels of up to 200 μm at the very periphery of the measured surface (up to 20 mm). The SimK estimates of the test surfaces from the Eye Surface Profiler were in close agreement with those from a Placido disk videokeratoscope with differences no greater than ±0.1 D. For real eyes, the benchmarked accuracy was within ±0.5D for both the spherical and cylindrical SimK components.
The Eye Surface Profiler can successfully measure the topography of the entire anterior eye including the cornea, limbus and sclera. It has a great potential to become an optometry clinical tool that could substitute the currently used videokeratoscopes and provide a high quality corneo-scleral topography.
To examine whether anterior scleral and conjunctival thickness undergoes significant diurnal variation over a 24-h period.
Nineteen healthy young adults (mean age 22 ± 2 years) with minimal refractive error (mean spherical equivalent refraction −0.08 ± 0.39 D), had measures of anterior scleral and conjunctival thickness collected using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) at seven measurement sessions over a 24-h period. The thickness of the temporal anterior sclera and conjunctiva were determined at six locations (each separated by 0.5 mm) at varying distances from the scleral spur (SS) for each subject at each measurement session.
Both the anterior sclera and conjunctiva were found to undergo significant diurnal variations in thickness over a 24-h period (both p < 0.01). The sclera and conjunctiva exhibited a similar pattern of diurnal change, with a small magnitude thinning observed close to midday, and a larger magnitude thickening observed in the early morning immediately after waking. The amplitude of diurnal thickness change was larger in the conjunctiva (mean amplitude 69 ± 29 μm) compared to the sclera (21 ± 8 μm). The conjunctiva exhibited its smallest magnitude of change at the SS location (mean amplitude 56 ± 17 μm) whereas the sclera exhibited its largest magnitude of change at this location (52 ± 21 μm).
This study provides the first evidence of diurnal variations occurring in the thickness of the anterior sclera and conjunctiva. Studies requiring precise measures of these anatomical layers should therefore take time of day into consideration. The majority of the observed changes occurred in the early morning immediately after waking and were of larger magnitude in the conjunctiva compared to the sclera. Thickness changes at other times of the day were of smaller magnitude and generally not statistically significant.
To characterise longitudinal changes in the retinal microvasculature of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as exemplified in a patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) using an adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope (AOSLO).
A 35-year-old T2DM patient with PDR treated with scatter pan-retinal photocoagulation at the inferior retina 1 day prior to initial AOSLO imaging along with a 24-year-old healthy control were imaged in this study. AOSLO vascular structural and perfusion maps were acquired at four visits over a 20-week period. Capillary diameter and microaneurysm area changes were measured on the AOSLO structural maps. Imaging repeatability was established using longitudinal imaging of microvasculature in the healthy control.
Capillary occlusion and recanalisation, capillary dilatation, resolution of local retinal haemorrhage, capillary hairpin formation, capillary bend formation, microaneurysm formation, progression and regression were documented over time in a region 2° superior to the fovea in the PDR patient. An identical microvascular network with same capillary diameter was observed in the control subject over time.
High-resolution serial AOSLO imaging enables in vivo observation of vasculopathic changes seen in diabetes mellitus. The implications of this methodology are significant, providing the opportunity for studying the dynamics of the pathological process, as well as the possibility of identifying highly sensitive and non-invasive biomarkers of end organ damage and response to treatment.
The purpose of this article is to describe the appearance of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) phenotypes using infrared (IR) reflectance imaging. IR reflectance imaging of the retina has the potential to highlight specific sub-retinal features and pathology. However, its role in macular disease, specifically AMD, is often underestimated and requires clarification.
Recent advances in clinical methods, imaging and scientific knowledge may be integrated to improve the accuracy of disease stratification in AMD. In particular, IR imaging holds an underutilised sensitivity to detect reticular pseudodrusen, which have been repeatedly described as a high-risk sign for late AMD.
This article provides clinically relevant descriptions of AMD phenotypes using IR reflectance imaging. The findings are integrated with images from cases seen at the Centre for Eye Health. As primary eye-care providers assume a critical role in the detection, diagnosis and management of AMD, we also provide a chair-side reference to assist clinicians in interpreting IR images in AMD.
To evaluate whether Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph (HRT) is a valid test for diagnosing congenital optic nerve hypoplasia (CONH) compared to the ratio of the distance between the centre of the optic disc and the centre of the macula and the mean optic disc diameter (DM:DD ratio). Furthermore, to determine the optimal cut-off value of HRT disc area to differentiate a hypoplastic disc from a normal optic disc.
A total of 33 subjects with CONH (4–67 years old) and 160 normal subjects (5–65 years old) were recruited and underwent comprehensive eye examinations, fundus photography and HRT. Receiver operating characteristic curves for DM:DD ratio and HRT disc area were constructed based on data from the 46 CONH eyes and 160 control eyes.
Mean (±S.D.) HRT disc area was 1.94 (±0.54) mm2 for the control eyes and 0.84 (±0.35) mm2 for the CONH eyes (p < 0.0001). The area under the curve (AUC) for DM:DD ratio was 0.83 (95% confidence interval: 0.76–0.90). The AUC for HRT disc area was 0.96 (95% confidence interval: 0.94–0.99). A statistically significant difference was found between AUC for HRT disc area and that for DM:DD ratio (p = 0.0004). The optimal cut-off value for HRT disc area was 1.42 mm2 with 95% sensitivity and 85% specificity. The optimal cut-off value for DM:DD ratio was 3.20 with 78% sensitivity and 78% specificity.
Both HRT and the DM:DD ratio are valid tests to aid diagnosis of CONH. HRT is superior to DM:DD ratio in diagnosing CONH with higher sensitivity and specificity. We suggest the optimal cut-off value for HRT disc area as 1.42 mm2 in order to discriminate a hypoplastic disc from a normal optic disc.
Congenital hemihydranencephaly (HH) is a very rare disorder characterised by prenatal near-complete unilateral loss of the cerebral cortex. We investigated a patient affected by congenital right HH whose visual field extended significantly into the both visual hemifields, suggesting a reorganisation of the remaining left visual hemisphere. We examined the early visual cortex reorganisation using functional MRI (7T) and population receptive field (pRF) modelling.
Data were acquired by means of a 7T MRI while the patient affected by HH viewed conventional population receptive field mapping stimuli. Two possible pRF reorganisation schemes were evaluated: where every cortical location processed information from either (i) a single region of the visual field or (ii) from two bilateral regions of the visual field.
In the patient affected by HH, bilateral pRFs in single cortical locations of the remaining hemisphere were found. In addition, using this specific pRF reorganisation scheme, the biologically known relationship between pRF size and eccentricity was found.
Bilateral pRFs were found in the remaining left hemisphere of the patient affected by HH, indicating reorganisation of intra-cortical wiring of the early visual cortex and confirming brain plasticity and reorganisation after an early cerebral damage in humans.
The eye disease macular degeneration (MD) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. There is no cure for MD, but several promising treatments aimed at restoring vision at the level of the retina are currently under investigation. These treatments assume that the patient's brain can still process appropriately the retinal input once it is restored, but whether this assumption is correct has yet to be determined.
We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and connective field modelling to determine whether the functional connectivity between the input-deprived portions of primary visual cortex (V1) and early extrastriate areas (V2/3) is still retinotopically organised. Specifically, in both patients with juvenile macular degeneration and age-matched controls with simulated retinal lesions, we assessed the extent to which the V1-referred connective fields of extrastriate voxels, as estimated on the basis of spontaneous fMRI signal fluctuations, adhered to retinotopic organisation.
We found that functional connectivity between the input-deprived portions of visual areas V1 and extrastriate cortex is still largely retinotopically organised in MD, although on average less so than in controls. Patients with stable fixation exhibited normal retinotopic connectivity, however, suggesting that for the patients with unstable fixation, eye-movements resulted in spurious, homogeneous signal modulations across the entire input-deprived cortex, which would have hampered our ability to assess their spatial structure of connectivity.
Despite the prolonged loss of visual input due to MD, the cortico-cortical connections of input-deprived visual cortex remain largely intact. This suggests that the restoration of sight in macular degeneration can rely on a largely unchanged retinotopic representation in early visual cortex following loss of central retinal function.
Glaucoma is the most common age-related neurodegenerative eye disease in western society. It is an insidious disease that, when untreated or detected too late, leads inevitably to blindness. An outstanding issue is whether glaucoma should be considered exclusively an eye disease or also a brain disease. To further examine it, we used Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) to study white matter integrity in a Japanese glaucoma population. This population has a very high incidence of normal-pressure glaucoma, in which optic nerve damage occurs in the absence of the elevated eye pressure that characterises the more common form of glaucoma.
We performed DTI in 30 participants with normal-pressure glaucoma and 21 age-matched healthy controls. We used voxel-wise tract-based spatial statistics to compare fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity of the white matter of the brain between patients and control group. Whole-brain and region of interest-based analyses served to find associations between diffusion indices and clinical measures of glaucomatous damage.
Fractional Anisotropy was significantly lower in glaucoma patients in a cluster in the right occipital lobe (p < 0.05; family-wise error-corrected) comprising fibres of both the optic radiation and the forceps major. Additional analysis confirmed bilateral involvement of the optic radiations and forceps major and additionally revealed damage to the corpus callosum and parietal lobe (p < 0.09; family-wise error-corrected). The region of interest-based analysis revealed a positive association between Fractional Anisotropy of the optic radiation and optic nerve damage.
In this specific population, glaucoma is associated with lower Fractional Anisotropy in the optic radiations, forceps major and corpus callosum. We interpret these reductions as evidence for white matter degeneration in these loci. In particular, the degeneration of the corpus callosum suggests the presence of neurodegeneration of the brain beyond what can be explained on the basis of propagated retinal and pre-geniculate damage. We discuss how this finding links to the emerging view that a brain component that is independent from the eye damage plays a role in the aetiology of glaucoma.


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1. KFCMenu
2100 S Byron Butler PkwyPerry, FL 32348
From Business: Stop into the KFC in Perry, FL for an Original Recipe, Extra Crispy, or Kentucky Grilled Chicken meal today. KFC can also cater your next event. Free Wi-fi availabl…
2. Kentucky Fried ChickenMenu
Dear Franchise Owner of the N.Ashley St. KFC in Valdosta,GA: I, and a lot of other folks, wish you would open a location in Lake Park and hope you …
3. KFCMenu
Its ok if you like a suprise in a bag!!!! Why bother asking if I want original or crispy when you are just gonna give me whatever it is you want th…
4. KFCMenu
1300 N Saint Augustine RdValdosta, GA 31601
From Business: Visit the KFC in Valdosta, GA for an Original Recipe, Extra Crispy, or Kentucky Grilled Chicken meal or sit down and enjoy our delicious buffet today. KFC can also …
5. KFCMenu
Worst kfc I've ever been to. Also a rip off. Their chicken brest. are half the size of any other at any kfc I've ever been to.
6. McDonald'sMenu
466 E Base StMadison, FL 32340
From Business: Operational since 1948, McDonald's is one of the leading global food-service retailers in the world operated by McDonald's Corp. It offers varied menu items, includ…
7. Sonic Drive-InMenu
823 W Base StMadison, FL 32340
8. Arby's
Highway 14Madison, FL 32340
9. Burger King
Awful! Not only is the staff rude but the food was dry and the tea was sour.
10. Dairy Queen
6390 S State Road 53Madison, FL 32340
11. Wendy's
BACK IN BUSINESS. This location may have been closed a while back but it has returned with a Dairy Queen and Subway housed in the same building spa…
12. Pizza HutMenu
855 W Base StMadison, FL 32340
From Business: Experience the Flavor Of Now from your neighborhood Pizza Hut in Madison.
13. SubwayMenu
378 E Base St # 105Madison, FL 32340
14. CheckersMenu
Serving the Madison Area.
15. J & B's Huff N Puff Barbeque
Tallahassee, FL 32301
16. Hardee'sMenu
Hometown regular spot for very good burgers and great biscuits. This is by far the best burger you can find just about anywhere. Service is usuall…
17. Five Guys Burgers & Fries
Tallahassee, FL 32310
18. Domino's PizzaMenu
1864 S Jefferson StPerry, FL 32348
From Business: Domino's Pizza in Perry is your pizza restaurant for fast pizza delivery. We have coupons and specials on pizza, pasta, buffalo wings, & more! Order online now!
19. Orange Julius
GOVERNORS Square MallTallahassee, FL 32301
20. Chick-Fil-AMenu
I love this one because they come to your car as your in the drive thru to take your order so by the time you get to the window all you have to do i…
21. Bojangles' Famous Chicken 'n BiscuitsMenu
1725 W Hill AveValdosta, GA 31601
From Business: Bojangles' began in 1977 and saw an opportunity to develop a quick-service restaurant chain based on three attributes: a distinctive flavor profile; wholesome, high…
22. Moe's Southwest Grill
1500 N Patterson StValdosta, GA 31698
23. Jimmy John's
1337 Baytree DrValdosta, GA 31601
24. Taco BellMenu
Some staff members need to be retrained on how interact with customers. Over all experience was very poor don't waste your money here!!!
25. KrystalMenu
2117 Bemiss RdValdosta, GA 31602
From Business: Founded in 1932, The Krystal Company is one of the oldest restaurant chains in the South. The chain operates more than 400 restaurants in Alabama, Texas, North Caro…
26. Firehouse SubsMenu
1525 Baytree Rd Ste BValdosta, GA 31602
From Business: Serving a variety of hot gourmet submarine sandwiches. Made with premium meats & cheeses, steamed hot and piled high on a toasted sub roll.
27. Braum's Ice Cream and Dairy StoreMenu
1688 Norman DrValdosta, GA 31601
28. Captain D's Seafood KitchenMenu
The food was good but wayyyyyyyyyyy too salty. Service was slow and their grade was a 83 out of 100.
29. Sam's Carry Out BarbecueMenu
414 E Hill AveValdosta, GA 31601

subset: commoncrawl


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Sonoma Weather: 59.9°F | Humidity: 76% | Pressure: 29.96in (Steady) | Conditions: Clear | Wind Direction: North | Wind Speed: 1.0mph [forecast]
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Meet Cinnamon
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By Edhat Subscriber
Cinnamon is a very sweet vocal girl. She was found in a tree and has loved her family for 18 years. She still looks like a kitten and
loves laps. If you are looking for her, she is probably up on the bathroom sink waiting for you to start a little drip for her drinking pleasure. Oh Cinn Cinn, you
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Regal Entertainment Group will offer select tickets this summer for G- or PG-Rated Movies for $1 on Tuesdays and Wednesdays at 10 am local time. (Participation may vary by city.) Note that these showings are not new releases, but include films like Despicable Me 2, The LEGO Movie, and The Croods. Scroll down and type in your ZIP code for a list of locations and dates near you; most cities start this 9-week program in late May or early June.
A portion of each ticket sold will support the Will Rogers Institute for medical research and health education.


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|By Marketwired .
Article Rating:
|February 4, 2013 06:30 AM EST
INDIANAPOLIS, IN -- (Marketwire) -- 02/04/13 -- Healthx releases a new infographic ( http://bit.ly/ViXWk3 ) exploring just how deep chronic disease healthcare costs impact Payers and the state of healthcare in the US.
With increasing infections, injuries, and other conditions, chronic diseases are on the rise. Nearly half the people in the US have chronic conditions leading to $1 Trillion paid in chronic disease healthcare costs annually, according to the Almanac of Chronic Diseases. These staggering statistics are an example of why Payers and healthcare providers need to work together and aide their patients in managing their healthcare.
Mobile devices, like smartphones and tablets, have proven to be of considerable value in managing healthcare, helping to lower costs for chronic diseases. In fact, just last year, 75 million people used mobile phones to access health information, according to the Cyber Citizen's 2012 Health Survey.
The survey further cites that mobile healthcare devices can help reduce costs and directly impact Payer's bottom-line by:
- Saving costs by eliminating regular doctor office visits to track blood sugar levels.
- Shortening hospital stays by using remote monitoring devices -- allowing patients to recuperate from home.
- Lessening treatment required using real-time monitoring -- resulting in early detection.
Currently, Healthx provides several mobile applications for Payers ( http://bit.ly/VMpZIp ) delivering instant access to healthcare and benefit information. Healthx also recently launched a new mobile healthcare product, mHealth Manager ( http://bit.ly/VvJxEy ), which integrates biometric data from healthcare mobile apps and wireless devices and displays it on dashboards, so care managers can track, monitor, and manage individual members and high-risk populations. Mobile healthcare is an important component to the management of chronic diseases.
Check out this new infographic ( http://bit.ly/ViXWk3 ) for more information on trends in mobile healthcare and chronic disease costs.
About Healthx
Healthx was formed in 1998 to meet the healthcare industry's need for better outcomes by helping Payers deliver benefits faster, more effectively and at a lower cost. Healthx has rapidly grown to be the healthcare industry's leading developer of digital solutions that are best delivered through communication and data integration portals serving more than 130 payers and 39,000 groups, representing over 13 million individual lives. Using an open technology platform, Healthx delivers cost-saving solutions to Payers, plan administrators, providers, employers, and individual members. For more information please visit http://www.healthx.com or call 877-492-3633.
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SYS-CON Events announced today that AppNeta, the leader in performance insight for business-critical web applications, will exhibit and present at SYS-CON's @DevOpsSummit at Cloud Expo New York, which will take place on June 7-9, 2016, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. AppNeta is the only application performance monitoring (APM) company to provide solutions for all applications – applications you develop internally, business-critical SaaS applications you use and the networks that deli...
May. 27, 2016 04:00 PM EDT Reads: 2,447
SoftLayer operates a global cloud infrastructure platform built for Internet scale. With a global footprint of data centers and network points of presence, SoftLayer provides infrastructure as a service to leading-edge customers ranging from Web startups to global enterprises. SoftLayer's modular architecture, full-featured API, and sophisticated automation provide unparalleled performance and control. Its flexible unified platform seamlessly spans physical and virtual devices linked via a world...
May. 27, 2016 03:30 PM EDT Reads: 2,168
SYS-CON Events announced today that ContentMX, the marketing technology and services company with a singular mission to increase engagement and drive more conversations for enterprise, channel and SMB technology marketers, has been named "Sponsor & Exhibitor Lounge Sponsor" of SYS-CON's 18th Cloud Expo, which will take place on June 7-9, 2016, at the Javits Center in New York City, New York. "CloudExpo is a great opportunity to start a conversation with new prospects, but what happens after the...
May. 27, 2016 03:30 PM EDT Reads: 1,090
The cloud era has reached the stage where it is no longer a question of whether a company should migrate, but when. Enterprises have embraced the outsourcing of where their various applications are stored and who manages them, saving significant investment along the way. Plus, the cloud has become a defining competitive edge. Companies that fail to successfully adapt risk failure. The media, of course, continues to extol the virtues of the cloud, including how easy it is to get there. Migrating...
May. 27, 2016 03:00 PM EDT Reads: 371
In the rush to compete in the digital age, a successful digital transformation is essential, but many organizations are setting themselves up for failure. There's a common misconception that the process is just about technology, but it's not. It's about your business. It shouldn't be treated as an isolated IT project; it should be driven by business needs with the committed involvement of a range of stakeholders.
May. 27, 2016 03:00 PM EDT Reads: 2,451
SYS-CON Events announced today that Isomorphic Software will exhibit at SYS-CON's [email protected] at Cloud Expo New York, which will take place on June 7-9, 2016, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. Isomorphic Software provides the SmartClient HTML5/AJAX platform, the most advanced technology for building rich, high-productivity enterprise web applications for any device. SmartClient couples the industry's broadest, deepest UI component set with a java server framework to deliver an end-...
May. 27, 2016 03:00 PM EDT Reads: 2,140
As machines are increasingly connected to the internet, it's becoming easier to discover the numerous ways Industrial IoT (IIoT) is helping to shape the business world. This is exactly why we have decided to take a closer look at this pervasive movement and to examine the desire to connect more things! Now if you need a refresher on IIoT and how it is changing the world, take a moment and listen to Greg Gorbach with ARC Advisory Group. Gorbach believes, "IIoT will significantly change the worl...
May. 27, 2016 03:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,919
How will your company move to the cloud while ensuring a solid security posture? Organizations from small to large are increasingly adopting cloud solutions to deliver essential business services at a much lower cost. According to cyber security experts, the frequency and severity of cyber-attacks are on the rise, causing alarm to businesses and customers across a variety of industries. To defend against exploits like these, a company must adopt a comprehensive security defense strategy that is ...
May. 27, 2016 02:12 PM EDT Reads: 248
Companies can harness IoT and predictive analytics to sustain business continuity; predict and manage site performance during emergencies; minimize expensive reactive maintenance; and forecast equipment and maintenance budgets and expenditures. Providing cost-effective, uninterrupted service is challenging, particularly for organizations with geographically dispersed operations.
May. 27, 2016 02:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,988
SYS-CON Events announced today that BMC Software has been named "Siver Sponsor" of SYS-CON's 18th Cloud Expo, which will take place on June 7-9, 2015 at the Javits Center in New York, New York. BMC is a global leader in innovative software solutions that help businesses transform into digital enterprises for the ultimate competitive advantage. BMC Digital Enterprise Management is a set of innovative IT solutions designed to make digital business fast, seamless, and optimized from mainframe to mo...
May. 27, 2016 01:45 PM EDT Reads: 2,156
The IoT is changing the way enterprises conduct business. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Eric Hoffman, Vice President at EastBanc Technologies, discuss how businesses can gain an edge over competitors by empowering consumers to take control through IoT. We'll cite examples such as a Washington, D.C.-based sports club that leveraged IoT and the cloud to develop a comprehensive booking system. He'll also highlight how IoT can revitalize and restore outdated business models, making them profitable...
May. 27, 2016 12:30 PM EDT Reads: 2,820
As organizations shift towards IT-as-a-service models, the need for managing and protecting data residing across physical, virtual, and now cloud environments grows with it. Commvault can ensure protection, access and E-Discovery of your data – whether in a private cloud, a Service Provider delivered public cloud, or a hybrid cloud environment – across the heterogeneous enterprise. In his general session at 18th Cloud Expo, Randy De Meno, Chief Technologist - Windows Products and Microsoft Part...
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The cloud market growth today is largely in public clouds. While there is a lot of spend in IT departments in virtualization, these aren't yet translating into a true "cloud" experience within the enterprise. What is stopping the growth of the "private cloud" market? In his general session at 18th Cloud Expo, Nara Rajagopalan, CEO of Accelerite, will explore the challenges in deploying, managing, and getting adoption for a private cloud within an enterprise. What are the key differences betwee...
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IoT generates lots of temporal data. But how do you unlock its value? How do you coordinate the diverse moving parts that must come together when developing your IoT product? What are the key challenges addressed by Data as a Service? How does cloud computing underlie and connect the notions of Digital and DevOps What is the impact of the API economy? What is the business imperative for Cognitive Computing? Get all these questions and hundreds more like them answered at the 18th Cloud Expo...
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SYS-CON Events announced today the Docker Meets Kubernetes – Intro into the Kubernetes World, being held June 9, 2016, in conjunction with 18th Cloud Expo | @ThingsExpo, at the Javits Center in New York, NY. Register for 'Docker Meets Kubernetes Workshop' Here! This workshop led by Sebastian Scheele, co-founder of Loodse, introduces participants to Kubernetes (container orchestration). Through a combination of instructor-led presentations, demonstrations, and hands-on labs, participants learn ...
May. 27, 2016 12:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,945


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Children's Literature - Marilyn CourtotSixteen poems are accompanied by fun-loving, action packed illustrations. Quattlebaum has captured life during a journey through the seasons on a street that could be found in any city. My favorite stops were "Taking My Double Dutch Turn" and "Bread for the Homeless Shelter." The rhythm in these poems echoes in the ear. They are filled with the joys, wonder, caring, and fun that should be part of every kid's life.
A Year on My Streetby Mary Quattlebaum, Cat Bowman Smith
Editorial Reviews
Product Details
- 9780385321709
- Publisher:
- Random House Children's Books
- Publication date:
- 11/01/1996
- Pages:
- 48
- Product dimensions:
- 5.49(w) x 7.97(h) x 0.36(d)
- Age Range:
- 7 Years
Customer Reviews
Average Review:
Write a Review
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text:
Lift hand drive
1-15 of 92
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Blue, by far the best colour combination available, stunning ivory interior, we also offer an @home test drive service*, upgrades. Alloy Wheels...
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text:
Diana Shipping Inc., a global shipping company specializing in the ownership of dry bulk vessels, has announced that it has entered into a time charter contract with RWE Supply & Trading GmbH, Essen, Germany, through a separate wholly-owned subsidiary, for one of its Capesize dry bulk vessels, the m/v JK Pioneer, to be renamed P. S. Palios.
The gross charter rate is $18,350 per day, minus a 5% commission paid to third parties, for a period of about 22 months to maximum December 31, 2015. The charter is expected to commence upon delivery of the vessel to the Company, by the end of November 2013.
As previously announced on October 8, 2013, the above mentioned vessel is a 2013 built Capesize dry bulk carrier of 179,134 dwt that the Company entered into an agreement to purchase in October 2013. On the same date it was also announced that the vessel was chartered to Oldendorff Carriers GmbH & Co. KG, Luebeck, Germany, at a gross charter rate of $11,500 per day, where the charterer had the option to redeliver the vessel at any time before, but not later than, March 30, 2014. Oldendorff is now expected to redeliver the vessel back to the sellers before the new owners take delivery of same.
This employment is anticipated to generate approximately $11.8 million of gross revenue for the minimum scheduled period of the charter.
Including the aforementioned vessel Diana Shipping Inc.'s fleet currently consists of 36 dry bulk vessels (two Newcastlemax, 10 Capesize, three Post-Panamax, three Kamsarmax and 18 Panamax). The company also expects to take delivery of two newbuilding Ice Class Panamax dry bulk vessels during the first quarter of 2014, and two newbuilding Newcastlemax dry bulk vessels during the second quarter of 2016. As of today, the combined carrying capacity of our fleet, excluding the five vessels not yet delivered, is approximately 3.9 million dwt with a weighted average age of 6.7 years.
Maritime Today
The Maritime Industry's original and most viewed E-News Service
U.S. shipbuilder General Dynamics NASSCO hosted a keel laying ceremony on Thursday, May 26 for the Liberty, one of three new ECO Class Jones Act tankers under a
DSC Dredge, LLC, based in Reserve, La., has received the 2016 President's "E-Star" Award for exports.
In a ceremony held on May 16, 2016, at the U.S. Department
TT Club has announced its financial results for the year ended December 31, 2015, and AM Best affirms its A- (Excellent) rating for the 10th consecutive year.
Knud Pontoppidan,
Diana Shipping Inc. today announced that, through a separate wholly-owned subsidiary, it entered into a time charter contract with Bunge S.A., Geneva, for one of its Panamax dry bulk vessels,
Haven Marine Services informs it has signed a five year contract with Svitzer which will see the yard service the requirements of Svitzer's vessels within the Bristol Channel and Irish Sea areas.
Portugal's prime minister warned Lisbon dock workers on Friday that his patience was running out after a strike that has lasted a month, paralysing the city's ports.
The latest Gibson Market Report focused on the age profile of the VLCC fleet and the prospects for trading life beyond 15 years of age.
Analysis of the Suezmax fleet shows a similar picture,
The Baltic Exchange's main sea freight index, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities, rose on Friday buoyed by higher demand for capesize vessels.
In 2015, it was the Asia-Europe route which was the focus of changing deployment trends, says Clarksons Research.
This year, it is the Transpacific trade which
Navy Medicine released updated Zika Virus Infection guidance in NAVADMIN 121/16, May 26, communicating current information, travel precautions, and risk reduction
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) Air and Marine Operations (AMO) and SAFE Boat International celebrated the unveiling of AMO's newest coastal interceptor vessel (CIV) Thursday.
Despite the many domestic and market challenges facing the Hellenic ship owning community, Greece has continued to strengthen its position as the largest ship owning nation in recent years,
Seaspan Corporation (NYSE:SSW) announced today that it accepted delivery of a 14000 TEU containership, the YM Width. The new containership, which was constructed at CSBC Corporation,
Leonhardt & Blumberg was founded in 1903 and has managed more than 180 vessels, the majority of which were general cargo vessels and bulk carriers. Today the company


text:
Good evening
Looking for petrol nearby?
Let us help you find your most convenient station. We'll even show you how to get there.Find your station
Fit more life in with Esso
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Esso: energy for life
As well as providing energy for life's journeys, at Esso we're also providing energy for the community by giving something back.
Did you know?
Esso is donating €100,000 to the community in Cyprus. You decide where the donation goes every time you fill up with Esso fuels.
The diesel engine was invented by trial and error by Rudolf Diesel, who obviously named it after himself.
Esso comes from the pronunciation of the letters "S" and "O" for Standard Oil, which is what the company was called until 1911.
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Under-inflated tyres can increase the amount of fuel you use by up to 4%. In all our stations you can check your tyre pressure**
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** International Energy Agency


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Keyword: Human welfare
UN: 880 killed in Mediterranean shipwrecks over last week
GENEVA (AP) — The treacherous Mediterranean Sea crossing from Libya to Italy has claimed the lives of over 1,030 migrants in the last week, mostly as barely seaworthy smuggling boats foundered and sank despite calm seas and sunny skies, a migration agency said Tuesday, citing new accounts from survivors.
The Latest: IOM updates death toll to 1,000 over last week
GENEVA (AP) — The Latest on Europe's migration crisis (all times local):
Rio problems, doping issues, refugee athletes on IOC agenda
LAUSANNE, Switzerland (AP) — With the opening ceremony in Rio de Janeiro just over two months away, Olympic leaders have plenty of troubling issues to deal with this week.
Philippine Congress proclaims next president, vice president
MANILA, Philippines (AP) — The Philippine Congress on Monday proclaimed crime-busting Mayor Rodrigo Duterte as president-elect and Rep. Leni Robredo as vice president-elect of a country that has been posting high growth rates but remains saddled with poverty, corruption and insurgencies.
Military veteran finds a mission nursing fellow vets at VA
COLUMBIA, S.C. (AP) — Nursing assistant Tom Alligood wears camouflage scrubs during his emergency room shifts at the Dorn VA hospital because he says it helps other veteran patients realize they've "walked over the same dirt," the 62-year-old former Army tanker says.
Beijing tracks the elderly as they take buses, go shopping
BEIJING (AP) — These days, when people over 80 in Beijing take a bus, see a doctor or spend money, their activities are digitally tracked by the government, as part of an effort to improve services for the country's rapidly growing elderly population.
Albuquerque's homeless won't be target of reverse drug sting
ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. (AP) — Albuquerque police say they will no longer set up reverse drug stings involving the homeless.
German rhetoric on Afghan migrants doesn't meet reality
BERLIN (AP) — The 75 people stuffed onto the small dinghy watched with horror as the water flowed in, eventually covering bags filled with clothes and mementos from the devastated homes they were fleeing. Jawad, a 25-year-old Afghan, prayed as he huddled with his wife, daughter and infant son.
UN: 700 migrants feared dead in Mediterranean shipwrecks
POZZALLO, Sicily (AP) — Survivor accounts have pushed to more than 700 the number of migrants feared dead in Mediterranean Sea shipwrecks over three days in the past week, even as European ships saved thousands of others in daring rescue operations.
Finally allowed 2nd child, older Chinese parents turn to IVF
BEIJING (AP) — China's decision to allow all married couples to have two children is driving a surge in demand for fertility treatment among older women, putting heavy pressure on clinics and breaking down past sensitivities, and even shame, about the issue.


text:
Guests: Frank Mir, Donald Cerrone, K.J. Noons and Audie Attar. Mir spoke to the guys about his next fight, which could be against Daniel Cormier, and the two World MMA Awards he won this past weekend. Cerrone tangles with Anthony Pettis at UFC on FOX 6 next week. Noons, coming off a controversial Strikeforce loss to Ryan Couture, informed Junkie Nation that he will be heading to the UFC despite the defeat. Attar is on his way to Sao Paulo to support his client and UFC on FX 7 headliner Michael Bisping.
The Latest
UFC Fight Night 88 reactions: Winning and losing fighters on social media
Following Sunday's UFC Fight Night 88 event in Las Vegas, several of the winning and losing fighters took to social media to react to the event or share a message with supporters. Check out those reactions.
10 memorable moments from UFC Fight Night 88, including this blistering KO
Sunday's UFC Fight Night 88 event didn't draw the largest crowd, but the Memorial Day weekend show provided plenty of memorable moments.
Behind the scenes with the UFC's official DJ: Part III – Rockin' 'Round the World with ALMF3
When Albert Lineses III goes out to DJ a house party, he's not just playing for 75 friends who got together with a keg and some tiki torches in the backyard.
'UFC 199 Embedded,' No. 1: Cruz's pooch, Faber in the river, young Harry Bisping, dangers of tanning
It's fight week in California, and the UFC is rolling out the "Embedded" treatment for a preview of Saturday's UFC 199 event. Check out the debut episode.
Flashy UFC Fight Night 88 TKO aside, frustrated Jake Collier sees much to work on after win over Uda
LAS VEGAS – Jake Collier's spinning back kick win over Alberto Uda at UFC Fight Night 88 might have caught some eyes, but one person that didn't seem that impressed was Collier himself.
Joe Silva's Shoes: What's next for Cody Garbrandt, UFC Fight Night 88's other winning fighters?
With UFC Fight Night 88 in the rearview mirror, it's time to look forward, put on a pair of Joe Silva and Sean Shelby's shoes, and play UFC matchmaker for the event's winning fighters.
Emotional Abel Trujillo dedicates UFC Fight Night 88 win to late teammate Jordan Parsons
LAS VEGAS – The decision win over UFC newcomer Jordan Rinaldi might not have been his most dominant performance to date, but for UFC Fight Night 88's Abel Trujillo, an ugly win is still a win.
UFC Fight Night 88 post-fight facts: Former champ Renan Barao continues slide
Sunday's UFC Fight Night 88 main event ended in memorable fashion when Cody Garbrandt halted the momentum of Brazilian sensation Thomas Almeida with a first-round knockout win. Check out all the post-fight facts from the Memorial Day weekend show.
MMAjunkie Radio (1 p.m. ET): Lorenz Larkin and Herb Dean in studio
MMAjunkie Radio kicks off today at 1 p.m. ET (10 a.m. PT) with guests Lorenz Larkin and Herb Dean both in studio.
After 2-year layoff, Erik 'Phoenix' Koch says making it to fight week bigger concern than cage rust
LAS VEGAS – After spending two injury-riddled years away from the octagon, Erik Koch successfully made his way back with a submission win over Shane Campbell at UFC Fight Night 88.


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Viking Life-Saving Equipment said it will take advantage of Nor-Shipping 2013 to help shipowners make safety equipment and servicing a smooth and problem-free experience.
Optimizing in-port efficiency
Having revolutionized the safety equipment servicing world with far-reaching, customizable agreements that have reduced unpredictable, fluctuating costs, Viking is now focusing its attention on further fine-tuning its workflows and providing even faster response times fromservicing under the company's highly popular Shipowner Agreements.
Viking Shipowner Agreements incorporate safety products, global servicing, single-source management and financing in a variety of fixed price structures, servicing liferafts, immersion suits and lifejackets, lifeboats, release hooks and davits and marine firefighting equipment. The concept's flexibility is coupled with servicing and exchange options.
The Viking stand at Nor-Shipping 2013 will provide more than a showcase for products like its offshore wind suits, work suits, design-your-own inflatable SOLAS lifejackets and Viking's lifeboat hook retrofitting services. It will also form a discussion platform for shipowners interested in fixed price coverage and flexibility offered by Viking Shipowner Agreements as well as minimizing the time and effort it takes to service their safety equipment in port.
"With the costs and difficulties of port delays receiving growing focus in the shipping industry, we're putting a lot of effort into ensuring that our shipowner customers can avoid unnecessary waiting, administrative frustrations, or unforeseen expenditure," CEO Henrik Uhd Christensen says. "Our Shipowner Agreements have been providing this level of service for some years now, but we're always ready to deal with new situations such as the impact of hook retrofit compliance, aiming to achieve the bare minimum of disruption to shipping schedules."
Products to be showcased at Nor-Shipping 2013
Offshore wind farm work suit
designed exclusively for the offshore wind industry
Viking will be showcasing their brand new SOLAS and ISO approved offshore wind farm work suit. This suit is tailored for extended wear and designed for the most popular harness types with easy access to pockets. It offers very low friction when climbing and no snag hazards. The offshore wind farm work suit incorporates a waterproof, highly durable and breathable GORE-TEX® Pazifik™ outer fabric with a comfortable high-performing thermal lining
Constant wear immersion/anti-exposure suit
Also showcased is the PS4170 constant wear immersion/anti-exposure suit, which stands today as the most advanced suit for workers in challenging industries. Specially designed to comply with the latest SOLAS requirements and maximize protection against hypothermia and cold shock, the suit incorporates a waterproof, highly durable and breathable GORE-TEX® Pazifik™ outer fabric with a comfortable high-performing thermal lining. A host of carefully selected special features makes this a constant wear suit that excels in any weather condition and helps protect the wearer from the extremes.
Design-your-own SOLAS lifejackets
See examples of the company's design-your-own inflatable SOLAS lifejackets. Made possible by a unique modular design, VIKING customers can tailor their own solutions for specific working conditions such as those encountered in maritime environments as well as offshore wind power, offshore welding and industrial conditions.
Lifeboat hook retrofit
Viking will also be demonstrating Nadiro's unique Drop-in-Ball™ solution at the stand and promoting a comprehensive LRRS evaluation and replacement service. Re-fitting LRRSs (lifeboat release and retrieval systems), or hook retrofit, as it is more commonly known, is a fast-growing concern for shipowners as new regulations (SOLAS regulation III/1.5) demandsystems not in compliance be replaced or upgraded between the years 2014-2019. As a global service operator, and both a Nadiro and Hatecke partner, VIKING offers certified LRRS servicing worldwide.
Maritime Today
The Maritime Industry's original and most viewed E-News Service
U.S. shipbuilder General Dynamics NASSCO hosted a keel laying ceremony on Thursday, May 26 for the Liberty, one of three new ECO Class Jones Act tankers under a
DSC Dredge, LLC, based in Reserve, La., has received the 2016 President's "E-Star" Award for exports.
In a ceremony held on May 16, 2016, at the U.S. Department
TT Club has announced its financial results for the year ended December 31, 2015, and AM Best affirms its A- (Excellent) rating for the 10th consecutive year.
Knud Pontoppidan,
A global Train-the-Trainer workshop on energy efficiency has been delivered in China (23-27 May), preparing the personnel needed to cascade knowledge on energy
Diana Shipping Inc. today announced that, through a separate wholly-owned subsidiary, it entered into a time charter contract with Bunge S.A., Geneva, for one of its Panamax dry bulk vessels,
Leonhardt & Blumberg was founded in 1903 and has managed more than 180 vessels, the majority of which were general cargo vessels and bulk carriers. Today the company
Fitch Ratings, one of the top three U.S. credit analysis agencies, has affirmed the Port of Long Beach's "AA" rating on its outstanding debt.
Fitch stated the AA rating — its highest for U.
Maritime forces from North Africa, Europe, and the United States concluded exercise Phoenix Express 2016 with closing ceremonies in Souda Bay, Greece May 27.
Phoenix Express,
A U.S. hospital ship conducted a medical evacuation, or "medevac", May 27 to assist an ailing Republic of Korea sailor aboard a Republic of Korea Navy (ROK-N) submarine.


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...I comfort students by telling them most of the the material covered in the SAT are topics they have already learned in school. Most importantly, I teach students how to solve problems effectively and use proper time management techniques while taking the test. I have been preparing students to take the GED for several years now.
Richmond Hill, NYView Tutor
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...I've been teaching mathematics to middle, high school, and college students since 2002. I hold BA and MS degrees in biology from New York University, and hold Science Education Certification from the City College of New York, along with a NYS Certificate in Biological and General Sciences, Grades 7-12. I have a minor in chemistry from NYU.
Scarsdale, NYView Tutor
...I put a strong emphasis on the vocabulary associated with the subject matter that I'm teaching, so that the students have a strong foundation for upper level courses when they reach high school. I worked closely with a student with ADHD for 18 months, and much of our time together was spent on s...
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Are the Rockies too pleased by All-Star recognition?
Brad Hawpe.
Sure, it's great that both Brad Hawpe and Jason Marquis made the All-Star team as representatives of the Colorado Rockies. Moreover, an argument can be made that both Aaron Cook and Huston Street deserved to receive nods as well -- a testament to the improvement the squad's made since its putrid start to the 2009 campaign. But something's been lost amid the media hoopla and self-congratulations over this achievement: This past weekend, the Rockies managed to drop two of three at home to the National League West cellar-dwelling Arizona Diamondbacks -- and in each of these losses, the Rocks gave up late-inning runs to seal their doom. If the Rockies are truly a serious contender for a playoff slot (most likely a wild-card bid given the lead the Los Angeles Dodgers hold over them at present), they must beat the mediocre squads on the road and especially in the supposedly friendly environs of Coors Field. If they can't do so consistently, their exciting run over the past several weeks, as well as the well-deserved attention Hawpe and Marquis have received, will be little more than welcome anomalies amid another lost season.
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Your generous support will build an endowment to fund national conferences, student scholarships, a faculty chair, and the completion and publication of The Official Biography of Winston Churchill.
Hillsdale & Statesmanship
The study of statesmanship is central to the teaching mission of Hillsdale College, and the classics teach that the art can be best understood by studying those who have a reputation for it.
Why Churchill?
Churchill's career presents an unsurpassed opportunity for the study of statesmanship, for he faced the great crises of the twentieth century and left behind one of the richest records of human undertaking.
Churchill & Hillsdale
Hillsdale College will promote a proper account of this record by combining the College's educational expertise with its work both as publisher of Churchill's Official Biography and as the repository of the Martin Gilbert papers.
Recent Articles
The greatest sin of modern statesman, Maisky ruminated in 1936 "is vacillation and ambiguity of thought and action. This is the weakness which before long may land us into war" (67). His words can still be applied to certain modern statesmen.
Avoid telling people "I told you so," said Churchill, who resisted "rubbing it in," even when he was proved right.
HRH The Duke of Edinburgh has the first copy. The Duke of Marlborough has the second, and Sir Winston Churchill's great-grandson Randolph (who wrote the foreword) ordered eight as Christmas presents. You should have one, if you are a total-immersion Churchillian with a penchant for the extraordinary, for Winston's Island, the Isle of Wight, has its unique claim to a place in the saga.
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May 06, 2016
Explore our interactive map to see the awardees of Pathway to Financial Success Grants across the nation—even as far as Hawaii and Alaska!
Pathway to Financial Success
Pathway to Financial Success, created by Discover®, awards grants to bring financial education into high school classrooms, so kids can learn to make smart financial decisions and achieve their goals. We also offer resources to teach personal finance to grades K-12.
Involve Your School!
Find your school's information and convince them to incorporate financial education into the curriculum.
Pathway Blog
May 23, 2016
Summer Budget for High School Graduates
College is expensive, and it's often the first time young people are on their own, working toward financial independence. The summer between high school and college is the perfect time… Read more


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Hotels in Hospital Rd Parade
(7 PROPERTIES IN Kanpur)
Recently Booked in Kanpur
Good option in Kanpur. Staff were courteous and friendly. The location is good and well connected with the major parts of city. Food quality was also nice. Good WiFi facility is on ...
Abhishek Singh
- 2015-03-03
14/124 Parade, The Mall, , Kanpur
Last booked at 5(hrs) ago
Room service was excellent and food quality is excellent. I am so happy to stay here. It is located in the centre of city. The clearness of hotel and room are so clean and behaviou ...
Jitendra Khandelwal
- 2016-01-15
111/453, Brahm Nager 80, ft Road, Brahm Nager, Kanpur
Last booked at 1(hrs) ago
Recently Viewed in Kanpur
The Landmark Towers offers accommodation in Kanpur. The hotel has an outdoor swimming pool and guests can enjoy a drink at the bar. Free private parking is available on site. Rooms include a flat-screen TV and safety deposit box. Some units have a s ...
10, The Mall, ,
Hotel Ashoka is a budget property, located at a distance of 16 km from Kanpur Airport, 5.2 km from railway station and 3 km from bus stand. Guest can visit various tourist excursions like Shri Radhakrishna Temple (7.7 km), Allen Forest Zoo (9.5 km), ...
24/16 , Birhana Road, Birhana Road, Kanpur
Located on the bustling Hospital Road, Hotel Mandakini is a short walk away from the famous Z Square Shopping Mall. The popular Allen Forest Zoo is about 20 minutes drive from the property. Corporate guests can make use of the on-site business centr ...
40/69B Hospital Road, Parade, The Mall, , Kanpur
Hospital Rd Parade Hotels
Choose from the below list of 7 Available Hotels in Hospital Rd Parade.
- Popularity
- Price:Low to High
- Price:High to Low
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SparkFun will be closing early at 3:30 Friday 5/27 and remain closed Monday for Memorial Day (5/30). Orders placed after 2pm MT on Friday (5/27) will process and ship out on Tuesday (5/31).
Member Since: March 24, 2014
Country: India
Hi, When I am compiling the advanced code in which attachInterrupt() is used. I am getting the error and that error is : tap was not declared in the scope. And second error is tapType is not defined. Please, if somebody know the answer of these questions , so please tell me or share the correct code.
No public wish lists :(


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HP Slate 7 priced at £129 ahead of 1 May release
Preorders are go
HARDWARE MAKER HP has started taking preorders for its debut Android tablet, the HP Slate 7, ahead of its release on 1 May.
The HP Slate 7 was unveiled at this year's Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, and sees HP trying to snatch marketshare from the likes of the iPad Mini and Google Nexus 7. It also sees HP reentering the consumer mobile market after pulling out due to the failure of its webOS devices.
Having famously struggled in the tablet market, HP has avoided loading the Slate 7 with Microsoft's Windows 8 operating system and has instead chosen Google's Android 4.1 Jelly Bean mobile operating system. The tablet runs a largely vanilla version of Android except for a few pre-installed apps.
The tablet, available in both red and silver, has a 7in 1024x600 screen and features an ARM Cortex A9 dual-core 1.6GHz processor, 1GB RAM, 3.15MP and 0.3MP cameras, integrated Beats Audio software and 8GB of internal storage, expandable to 32GB via microSD.
We spotted the tablet at HP's website today, along with our first glimpse of its release date and price. HP is promising to ship Slate 7 tablets on 1 May, and has started taking preorders at £129.
If you fancy buying a cheap Android tablet that comes with an HP logo on its back, you can order the Slate 7 at the HP website now.
Check out our HP Slate 7 hands-on review. µ
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Let X = X after users shout Y