text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 19, 1994
|Filing date
|Dec 31, 1992
|Priority date
|Dec 31, 1992
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Arthur Bross, James J. Hedrick, Robert D. Johnson, Robert O. Lussow, James R. Lyerla, Jr., Donald E. Myers, Joseph D. Peruffo, Krishna G. Sachdev, Thomas J. Walsh
|Original Assignee
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (18), Classifications (60), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The invention is generally related to a process used in the fabrication of electrical components wherein electrical connections and mechanical connections are formed in the components in a single step.
2. Description of the Prior Art
For the past several years, efforts have been made to miniaturize electrical components such as circuit boards, semiconductor substrates and chips, ceramic packages, etc. A popular technique has been to create multilayered devices where each layer can contain circuit patterns and circuit devices. The circuit patterns and circuit devices on individual layers are interconnected by electrically conducting vias which pass through the individual layers. As miniaturization has progressed, fabricating the multilayered structures has become more complex, and circuitry and circuit devices have become increasingly more dense. A practical problem in creating multilayered devices which function properly is to assure that the layers remain connected together mechanically and that the circuitry and electrical components in the various layers remain connected electrically. Furthermore, connecting pins and other mechanical connectors to the connection pads on the multilayered devices has proved difficult because of the close spacing between the pads which results from dense circuitry.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,648,179 to Bhattacharyya et al. discloses a process for making a multilayered structure with interconnected electronic circuitry. Specifically, Bhattacharyya et al. disclose the fabrication of decal-like interconnection structures which include a central polymeric film, a circuit pattern formed on one surface of the polymeric film, metal filled vias created through the polymeric film connected to selected components of the circuit pattern, and a partially cured polymeric film located on the opposite surface of the polymeric film from the circuit pattern. The partially cured polymeric film is selectively removed from via areas to expose bonding metallurgy. The decal-like interconnection structures are then placed adjacent a substrate, such as a chip or the like, or adjacent other decal-like interconnection structures, with the exposed bonding metallurgy of the metal filled vias aligned with pads or circuitry of the adjacent substrate or decal-like interconnection structure. The entire package is then subjected to heat and compression to simultaneously form metal-to-metal, film-to-film, and film-to-substrate bonds. The polymeric films of the decal-like layers are directly bonded together by curing of the partially cured adhesive layer under temperature and pressure conditions in the press, and the finished structure resembles a thick polymeric film with circuitry positioned at varying levels within the film.
Japanese Application J6 0072-663-A discloses the use of solder balls to interconnect two printed circuit boards (PCBs). A protective sheet with a plurality of holes is positioned on a first PCB and solder balls with diameters larger than the holes are deposited in the holes in the protective sheet. A second PCB is then aligned with solder balls and electrically connected to the first PCB by applying heat to the combined structure.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,031,308 to Yamashita et al. discloses methods of manufacturing multilayered PCBs. In a particular method, individual layers are formed which include an overcoating of a partially cured polymer resin and solder bumps protruding through the overcoating. The solder bumps are formed on circuitry underneath the overcoating. The individual layers are subsequently compressed together and, through heat and pressure, the solder bumps and overcoatings on adjacent layers fuse together to create a polymer interlayer between adjacent layers with metal filled vias formed from the solder balls passing through the interlayer. Yamashita et al. also shows that the vias in the interlayer can be created from solder bumps that do not protrude through the overcoating on the individual layers which are used initially.
It is an object of this invention to provide an improved method for fabricating a multilayered electrical structure where mechanical and electrical connections between the individual layers are formed in a single step.
It is another object of this invention to prepare several individual layers, each with a plurality of electrically conductive spheres positioned therein and circuitry connected to the spheres, and to join the individual layers to form a multilayer structure where the spheres function as vias in the multilayer structure produced.
It is yet another object of this invention to provide a method for mechanically and electrically connecting a plurality of pins to pads on a substrate with densely formed circuitry.
It is still another object of this invention to utilize heat and pressure to achieve transesterification between a polymeric substrate and an interlayer that provides a good mechanical connection for input/output (I/O) pins and a good mechanical connection between adjacent layers of a multilayer structure.
According to the invention, a polymeric substrate has on at least one surface a plurality of solder sites and a thin polymer layer which acts as an adhesive film which surrounds the solder sites, but does not cover them. The solder sites can be present as solder balls protruding from the polymeric substrate or may be joined to I/O pins or other mechanical connecters. The solder sites can also be electrically connected to circuitry on the polymeric substrate. The polymeric substrate is placed adjacent a similar polymeric substrate, electrical component, or other device where the solder sites on the polymeric substrate are in registry with connection pads, vias, or connectors in the adjacent device. The polymeric substrate and adjacent device are then compressed together and heated to reflow and fuse the solder at the solder site on the polymer substrate with the connection pads, vias, or connectors of the adjacent device. Simultaneously, the polymer layer, which serves as an interlayer between the polymeric substrate and adjacent device, undergoes a transesterification reaction with the polymeric substrate and has strong interaction with the adjacent device, thereby creating a strong mechanical interconnection between lamina. The polymer layer surrounds and protects the fused solder site. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the polymeric substrate includes a liquid crystal polymer (LCP) and the polymer layer is a polyester or like material. Transesterification between the polyester of the polymer layer and the LCP in the polymeric substrate forms an extremely strong bond since a chemical bond between the polymer layer and the polymeric substrate is formed, not merely a physical interlocking or mechanical interaction between the polymer layer and the polymeric substrate.
The foregoing and other objects, aspects and advantages will be better understood from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the drawings, in which:
FIGS. 1a and 1b are sequential cross-sectional side-views of a polymeric substrate with a plurality of pin connectors being joined to an electrical component; and
FIGS. 2a through 2d are cross-sectional side-views of individual layers used in the fabrication of a multilayered circuit component.
Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to FIGS. 1a and 1b, there is shown a substrate 1 having a plurality of pins 2 positioned therein. The substrate 1 can be a polymeric card, layer, sheet, or the like, and can comprise a single layer or multiple layers fused together. The pins 2 can be pressed, staked, molded, or positioned by other means in the substrate 1. While FIG. 1a shows only two pins 2, it should be understood that many pins can be joined using this process. Metalization 7 can be applied on the substrate 1 surface and can function as interconnection circuitry. Applying the metalization 7 can be performed by a number of different well known techniques including spray or dip overcoating the substrate 1 followed by etch patterning. The metalization 7 can be positioned directly over the pins 2 or simply up to the pins 2, and the metalization 7 can be applied before or after pin 2 insertion in substrate 1. A polymer layer 3 is applied on the substrate 1 and solder or braze 4 is positioned at the top of the pins 2. The solder or braze 4 can be applied to the pins 2 prior to or after they are inserted in substrate 1, and preferably is a eutectic or alloy solder or braze comprised of appropriate mixtures of lead, tin, bismuth, aluminum, copper, gold, silver and/or nickel. The polymer layer 3 surrounds the solder 4 and does not extend over the top of the solder 4; however, it does cover, insulate and protect the underlying metalization 7. The polymer layer 3 can be applied by well known screening or squeegeeing operations or by forming the polymer layer as a "punched" sheet whereby the sheet is placed on the substrate 1 with registered holes surrounding the solder 4.
An electronic device 5, which can be a integrated circuit (IC) chip, semiconductor substrate, multilayered structure or card, chip carrier, or any other device, having connection pads 6 is joined to the substrate both electrically and mechanically in a single operation by compressing the electronic device 5 and substrate 1 together and heating the combined package. After registration of the solder 4 with the connection pads 6, the compressing and heating operation causes the solder 4 to reflow and fuse to the connection pads 6 as well as causes the polymer layer 3 to firmly fuse together with the device 5 and to form a strong chemical bond with the substrate 1.
An important feature of this invention is the chemical bond between the polymer layer 3 and the substrate 1 which is formed during the heating operation. Specifically, the polymer layer 3 and substrate 1 are capable of transesterification chemistry between each other to promote a very strong chemical bond therebetween. The device 5 might also be chosen to undergo transesterification with the polymer layer 3. Transesterification is often called alcoholysis, or cleavage by an alcohol, where the alcohol on one ester is exchanged with an alcohol group or alcohol on another ester. Particularly preferred materials for achieving transesterification chemistry during the compressing and heating operation would be polyesters and liquid crystalline polyesters. Suitable examples include low molecular weight (oligomeric) aromatic copolyesters such as hydroxybenzoic acid/hydroxynaphthoic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid/ethyleneterephthalate, hydroxybenzoic acid/biphenylterephthalate, and a variety of aromatic homo or copolyesters with spacer units, such as methylene units. Liquid crystalline polyesters, including high molecular weight aromatic copolyesters such as Xydar� available from Amoco, Vectra� available from Hoechst Celanese, and the like, would be preferred for the substrate 1, since they have high strength and rigidity and would therefore be optimum for holding pins 2 in position. Preferred liquid crystalline polyesters would have high molecular weight with phase transitions above 300� C. Preferably the polymeric layer 3 would be a low molecular weight aromatic copolyester or homopolyester which may, in some cases, form liquid crystalline (nematic) phases. Specifically, the low temperature nematic phase transition is a transition that readily yields a viscosity that allows uniform contact between bonding surfaces and rapid interconnection via transesterification reactions. When the substrate 1 is a multilayered component, the substrate would be made to have at least some liquid crystalline polyester at its top surface.
The finished package shown in FIG. 1b has the polymer layer 3 surrounding and protecting the solder 4 which connects the pins 2 to the pads 6. The process is especially useful in connecting pins 2 to devices 5 with densely packed circuitry since a very strong mechanical connection of the substrate 1 to the device 5 is accomplished with the polymer layer 3 and movement of the pins 2 is significantly reduced. Thus, the present process overcomes prior art problems of joining multiple pins 2 to closely spaced pads 6 of device 5 since the adhesive layer 3 assures that the pins 2 will remain mechanically functional when attempting to connect the pins 2 to a PCB, connector harness, or other device. The spacing of the pins 2 is limited by their size, and good mechanical and electrical connections can be achieved with very high pin densities (e.g., 225 pins per square inch) using this technique. Preferably, once the polymer layer 3 is heated above its glass transition temperature (Tg) (e.g, 50� C. to 70� C. for a number of polyesters), it will have excellent adhesive characteristics to metals, polyesters, ceramic substrates, polyester composites, etc. The pressure and heat which are applied in the single step mechanical/electrical connection are a function of the materials used in the substrate 1, device 5, metalization 7, solder 4, and polymer layer 3. The pressure and heat should be sufficient to reflow the solder 4 and activate the polymer layer 3 for transesterification, but not so high as to damage the device 5, substrate 1, or metalization 7. The flow temperature for the polymer layer 3 and solder 4 should be approximately the same to provide ease of processing. Pressures ranging between 10 psi and 1000 psi, and temperatures ranging between 75� C. and 350� C. are preferable.
FIGS. 2a through 2d show the fabrication of a multilayered structure using the process of this invention. Specifically, multilayered substrates, moldings, sheets, or the like, with conductive vias, are formed by mass connecting a number of individual layers or sheets through the application of pressure and heat.
FIG. 2a shows a layer 20, which includes a molding, sheet, or like element 21 made from a polymeric, ceramic or composite material, with a plurality of conductive via spheres 22 positioned therein. Like the substrate 1 described above in conjunction with FIG. 1a, the molding/sheet 21 is made of a material or overcoated with a material which is capable of transesterification. The conductive via spheres 22 can be either molded in or pressed in the molding/sheet 21 as is described in the co-pending U.S. patent applications having Ser. No. 07/863,645, filed Apr. 3, 1992, which is herein incorporated by reference. The spheres 22 can be made from copper, silver, alloys, or other conductive materials, and can be on the order of 2-50 mils in diameter. The spheres 22 can be very densely populated in the molding/sheet 21 and good results can be obtained at a population of 40,000 spheres per square inch of molding/sheet 21. In a preferred embodiment, the spheres 22 are copper, copper alloy, or another high melting point conductive material which does not melt under the application of heat and pressure which is employed in this process.
It should be understood that spheres 22 are shown for illustrative purposes only. Shaped components, slugs, molded in pads, and other elements could be readily substituted for the spheres 22 and serve as the interconnection vias in the multilayer package formed according to the present invention.
An alloy or eutectic solder 23, which can be copper, aluminum, iron, nickel, silver, gold, or other material, is positioned on the exposed under surface of the sphere 22 and may also be deposited on the top surface of the sphere 22 in alignment hole 24. The solder 23 can be clad on sphere prior to its insertion in molding/sheet 21 or be applied after insertion. Having an exposed under surface of the sphere 22 and an alignment hole 24 in the layer 20 helps in registering each individual layer 20 with adjacent layers. Metalization 25 can be applied on the surface of the molding/sheet 21 and can function as interconnect circuitry for circuits and devices on the layers 20. The metalization 25 can be applied by well known coating and patterning techniques and may extend over or up to spheres 22 in the alignment holes 24, and it may be applied before or after insertion of the spheres 22 in the molding/sheet 21.
A polymer layer 26 is patterned over the molding/sheet 21 and metalization 25 using screening, squeegeeing or other procedures (e.g., laying a sheet of polymer layer 26 with registery holes for the metalization on the molding/sheet 21). As discussed above with the pin connections in FIG. 1a, the polymer layer 26 is patterned to cover and protect the metalization 25, but does not cover the alignment hole 24. The polymer layer 26 is selected to undergo transesterification chemistry with the molding/sheet 21. Suitable materials for the polymer layer 26 and molding/sheet 21 are described above. Preferably, the polymer layer is a polyester or low melting temperature liquid crystalline polyester or blend including low molecular weight aromatic copolyesters or homopolyesters which may in some cases form liquid crystalline phases, or the like, and the molding sheet is made of or overcoated with a liquid crystalline polyester including high molecular weight aromatic copolyesters such as Xydar, Vectra, and the like.
FIG. 2b and 2c show a plurality of layers 20 which have been aligned using the under surface of the sphere 22 cooperating with the alignment holes 24 in adjacent layers. FIG. 2c shows the multilayered structure 28 in a press with a conforming upper platen 30 and lower platen 32. By compressing the stack of layers 20 and applying heat, the solder 23 is caused to reflow and fuse adjacent spheres for a good electrical connection and the polmer layer 26 is activated to undergo transesterifification with the material in or on the molding/sheet 21. The temperatures and pressures used in forming the multilayered device should be sufficient to cause solder 23 reflow and polymer layer 26 activation, but not so excessive as to damage the metalization 25, spheres 22, or molding/sheets 21. A controlled heat and pressure profile which would generally meet this criteria would be as follows: 25� C., 150� C., 25� C., where the time at each temperature depends on thickness and heat capacity of package and using a static pressure of 100 psi throughout the cycle. The spheres 22 in the resulting multilayered structure 28 could be touching each other or electrically joined by the solder 23.
FIG. 2d shows an electronic device 34 joined to the spheres 36 in an alignment holes 38. The device 34 can be placed over the alignment holes 38 and held by a conforming surface under a controlled pressure and temperature profile which will reflow solder 40 to connect the device to the spheres 36. Flip chip technology could be readily adapted to joining devices 34 to multilayered structures 28 made by the inventive process. Moreover, the pin connector assembly described in conjunction with FIGS. 1a-b could be connected directly to the top surface of a molding/sheet 21 in a multilayer structure 28 formed according to this invention. This would provide a multilayer structure 28 with densely populated vias (spheres 22) connected to a dense pin 2 assembly where there is good chemical and mechanical connections between each layer achieved by adhesion/transesterification and good electrical connections between vias, pins and metalization between layers in the structure.
While the pin connection arrangement shown in FIGS. 1a and 1b and the multilayer circuit component shown in FIGS. 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d show the use of a polymer layer 3 or 26 which undergoes a transesterification reaction to form a chemical bond with the substrate layers, it should be understood that the polymer layer 3 or 26 may not be used in all circumstances and that the substrate layers themselves would be chosen to undergo transesterification. Specifically, two adjacent LCP substrates (e.g., Vectra�, etc.) will undergo transesterification under appropriate temperature and pressure conditions. By using LCP substrates with lower filler contents (e.g., approximately 20% fill, etc.), flow can be achieved below 200� C. for many LCPs.
While the invention has been described in terms of its preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 26, 1977
|Jun 12, 1979
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Connecting method
|Jul 2, 1986
|Jun 14, 1988
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|A method of making a circuit board and a circuit board produced thereby
|Dec 26, 1989
|Jul 16, 1991
|Japan Radio Co., Ltd.
|Method of manufacturing multilayered printed-wiring-board
|Mar 15, 1990
|Sep 10, 1991
|Rogers Corporation
|Method of manufacturing a multilayer circuit board
|Jun 1, 1992
|Apr 6, 1993
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Metal transfer layers for parallel processing
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 1, 1994
|Oct 3, 1995
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Structure and process for electro/mechanical joint formation
|Jul 24, 1995
|Jul 11, 2000
|Nec Corporation
|Connecting member and a connecting method with ball and tapered via
|Jan 13, 2000
|May 8, 2001
|Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
|Organic pin grid array flip chip carrier package
|Jun 28, 2002
|Nov 2, 2004
|Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
|Organic packages having low tin solder connections
|Sep 27, 2001
|Dec 13, 2005
|Intel Corporation
|Encapsulation of pin solder for maintaining accuracy in pin position
|Dec 26, 1997
|Jan 3, 2006
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Method and device for mounting electronic component on circuit board
|Sep 16, 2003
|Feb 7, 2006
|World Properties, Inc.
|Liquid crystalline polymer composites, method of manufacture thereof, and articles formed therefrom
|Jul 23, 2003
|May 1, 2007
|Intel Corporation
|Encapsulation of pin solder for maintaining accuracy in pin position
|Jan 14, 2011
|Oct 21, 2014
|Harris Corporation
|Method of transferring and electrically joining a high density multilevel thin film to a circuitized and flexible organic substrate and associated devices
|Jun 28, 2002
|Feb 27, 2003
|Master Raj N.
|Organic packages having low tin solder connections
|Sep 16, 2003
|Jul 1, 2004
|Murali Sethumadhavan
|Liquid crystalline polymer composites, method of manufacture thereof, and articles formed therefrom
|Jul 23, 2003
|Dec 15, 2005
|Intel Corporation.
|Encapsulation of pin solder for maintaining accuracy in pin position
|Mar 18, 2010
|Shinko Electric Industries Co., Ltd.
|Semiconductor package and method of manufacturing the same, and semiconductor device
|Dec 26, 1997
|Nov 3, 1999
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Method and device for mounting electronic component on circuit board
|Dec 26, 1997
|Aug 18, 2004
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Method and device for mounting electronic component on a circuit board
|Jun 15, 2000
|Jun 28, 2001
|Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
|Organic flip chip packages with an array of through hole pins
|Sep 26, 2002
|Apr 3, 2003
|Intel Corporation
|Encapsulation of pin solder for maintaining accuracy in pin position
|Sep 26, 2002
|Nov 20, 2003
|Intel Corp
|Encapsulation of pin solder for maintaining accuracy in pin position
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 26, 1993
Owner name: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, NEW Y
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:BROSS, ARTHUR;HEDRICK, JAMES J.;JOHNSON, ROBERT D.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:006471/0469;SIGNING DATES FROM 19930104 TO 19930113
|Sep 2, 1997
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 19, 2002
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jun 18, 2002
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20020419


text:
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It was a nice ride while it lasted.
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The U.S. government's product safety agency has come out again with a new warning about the safety of hoverboards.
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We found some pretty scary stuff when we bought a hoverboard at a local shop and then tore it down.
A New York man is suing Swagway after his hoverboard caught fire less than an hour after he plugged it in.
The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission has issued a set of hoverboard safety guidelines and offers more detail on its ongoing investigating of exploding hoverboards.
Is the inside solid — or junk?
Hoverboards are bursting into flames. We took an official Swagway apart to investigate.
If you're thinking of buying a hoverboard, you need to read this first.
...though they'll be coming back Tuesday.
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How many times do you think he fell?
If you have any respect for your feet, they will not touch the ground.
"They see me rollin'..."

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Twin Jamie set to make history for England in Dublin... at the double
Jamie Overton has been an England fast bowler in waiting since he was in nappies and on Tuesday the waiting could come to an end.
If selected to face Ireland in Dublin, Overton, at 19 years and 146 days, will become the youngest cricketer to play for England since Brian Close in the 1940s. Not since the late Ben Hollioake burst on to the scene in 1997 has a teenager made the full side.
On Saturday, less than 24 hours before he was due to link up with the rest of the NatWest Series squad, Overton sat with twin brother Craig in front of North Devon's thatched pavilion, watching the club's first team play Torquay.
Teenage dream: Jamie Overton charges in for Somerset in the County Championship
This picturesque ground in Instow was where the Overton boys began to fulfil a parental proclamation made in the mid-Nineties.
North Devon captain Rob Ayre said: 'When the twins were just able to walk, Mark, their father, said to me, "One day they will knock your block off". Mark always had aspirations for them from an early age.'
Their physique has been an ally to progress and by the age of 14 they were both first-teamers. Ayre recalls Jamie's second match, at Torquay, when the twins withstood the hostility of the hosts' overseas professional Usman Malvi, a first-class cricketer for Mumbai, after the top order folded.
'They were never flustered about any aspect of men's cricket and always looked head and shoulders above their peers. Whenever they have had to step up to a higher level they have never looked out of place,' said Ayre.
'One of their traits growing up has been to spur each other on. That sibling rivalry has helped to develop their talent.'
Twin threat: Jamie poses in his England gear with brother Craig (right)
It was not long before news of that talent travelled beyond Devon. At 15, having been scouted by then Somerset director of cricket Brian Rose, their development was being overseen at Taunton and their names were familiar among the nationwide cricket fraternity before they had played a first-team game.
Craig, an all-rounder working his way back to fitness following a stress fracture of the back, was first on the scene last April. Fast bowler Jamie made his debut three weeks later — to the relief of Devon club cricketers.
Ayre said: 'Jamie was sharp at our level. It wasn't pleasant for some of the batsmen but, for me as a wicketkeeper, it was great fun to be stood 20 yards back.'
Now Jamie is looking to play for England — not that the prospect will perturb him.
Somerset cricket chairman Vic Marks said: 'He doesn't care who is up the other end when he has the ball in his hand. He is quite combative but he is so raw that, when he encounters a slow, flat pitch, he just keeps charging in.'
However, the 13 List A matches he has played have revealed something of a no-ball problem and his wicket-taking ability is offset by an economy rate of more than six an over.
Waiting in the wings: All-rounder Craig is recovering from a back injury
Craig, his elder brother by three minutes, was viewed the better one-day option at the end of the 2012 summer, when he had played seven matches to Jamie's three, and the national selectors appeared to share that view, sending him on an England Lions limited-overs tour of Australia.
History in the making: Jamie is expected to play in Dublin on Tuesday
They are identical twins, but different bowlers. Somerset director of cricket Dave Nosworthy says he could tell them apart in his first couple of months in the job only by their actions. Until Jamie cropped his hair this season, they say even team-mates get them confused, an allegation genially denied by Somerset captain Marcus Trescothick. 'Nah — it's easy to tell them apart,' he said. 'I just get the names wrong occasionally.'
Good judges have been excited by what they have seen produced in Devon. Witnessing a bowler well over six feet with an ability to propel the ball down in excess of 85 miles an hour, former England captain Michael Atherton predicted while commentating on a Somerset Championship match in May that Jamie Overton would be in the reckoning for this winter's Ashes tour.
Others recognised such pedigree in the twins much earlier. Rose said: 'It was obvious from first viewings they were going to move on quite quickly. I could see immediately they were going to go on and play county cricket if not international cricket.
'If you look at the development of the England teams over the last few years, they have been concentrating on bowlers that are 6ft 4in plus. Jamie fits the mould because he has long levers and is naturally quick.
'He has got the temperament of a fast bowler. Just sometimes he might need tempering.
'That's where someone like James Anderson would have a great effect on him. The next thing for him is to learn how to bowl in the right areas consistently.'
That next stage will soon be upon him.
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text: ?> Senate Watchdog Targets High-Prescribing Medicaid Docs | Safe Patient Project The Safe Patient Project is a Consumers Union campaign focused on eliminating medical harm, improving FDA oversight of prescription drugs and promoting disclosure laws that give information to consumers about health care safety and quality. Safe Patient Project End secrecy, save lives. Act Now Blog Topics Doctor Accountability Hip and Knee Replacement Drugs Hospital Infections/ Superbugs MRSA C. diff Medical Errors Share Your Story Twitter Video Activists Donate About Us Senate Watchdog Targets High-Prescribing Medicaid Docs Posted 01/30/12 at 5:14 pm Source: ProPublica (Tuesday January 24, 2012) Permalink: http://www.propublica.org/article/senate-watchdog-targets-high-prescribing-medicaid-docs


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Dave Matthews Band: Proceeds From Charlotte Show To Benefit LGBT Groups
Adam Lambert Realized He Was Gay In Sixth Grade; Coming Out To Parents Was 'Easy'
North Carolina Republican Leaders Pressure Charlotte To Repeal LGBT Protections
San Francisco 49ers Want North Carolina Anti-Gay Law Repealed
Glenn Beck Condemns Hersheypark's Transgender Bathroom Policy: Next Stop Is Pedophilia
Hersheypark: Guests, Employees May Use Restrooms With Which They Gender-Identify
A week after she declared Wisconsin's
ban on gay marriage invalid – opening the door for weddings to
start – a federal judge has brought same-sex nuptials in the state
to a halt, at least temporarily.
U.S. District Judge Barbara Crabb last
week struck down Wisconsin's 2006 voter-approved constitutional
amendment limiting marriage to heterosexual couples, but did not
order the state to begin issuing marriage licenses to gay and lesbian
couples, leaving county clerks to decide on their own whether to
continue implementing the ban.
After holding a 30-minute hearing
Friday, Crabb ordered clerks to begin issuing licenses to gay
couples, but put her decision on hold pending an appeal.
"I conclude that Herbert v.
Kitchen compels me to stay the injunction," she said in her
order, a reference to a December ruling stayed by the U.S. Supreme
Court that knocked down Utah's ban.
But Crabb made it clear that her heart
felt differently.
"After seeing the expressions of joy
on the faces of so many newly wedded couples featured in media
reports, I find it difficult to impose a stay on the event that is
responsible for eliciting that emotion, even if the stay is only
temporary. Same-sex couples have waited many years to receive equal
treatment under the law, so it is understandable that they do not
want to wait any longer. However, a federal district court is
required to follow the guidance provided by the Supreme Court," she
Republican Governor Scott Walker told
WISN 12 NEWS that the roughly 555 marriages that have already taken
place in the state would remain valid. Republican governors in other
states, Utah and Michigan included, have decided the issue
differently, refusing to recognize unions which took place before
decisions striking down similar marriage bans were put on hold.
On Top Magazine


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Creating Games with Pygame
Seems Python really sucks for programming! This is the forth piece of code I've copied to try and run and it came up with errors etc like the other posters stated. Its either platform dependent, ie Linux stuff, or it has things that need to be installed to make a game or program to run. This makes it extremely frustrating for anyone new to programming to actually get anything other than hello world to run!
Interestingly I've not had this problem with any of the java listings I've found, so it looks like I'll be going the Java route after all.
You shouldn't be trying to do
You shouldn't be trying to do anything with graphics unless you are comfortable with a language, you need to have all the basics in order to understand what you are doing.
Python is way simpler than Java to learn, btw. Just get a book if you have trouble googling for tutorials.
Great stuff! Python is an awesome language to program in, and pygame is very good to beginners. I've started my own set of tutorials on my site : http://lameness-prevails.com/
Check it out and let me know if you like it!
Re: Creating Games with Pygame
Thanks for the article! It's really helpful.
NameError: name 'main' is not defined
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "Pygame_LinuxJournalExample.py", line 23, in
if __name__ == '__main__': main()
NameError: name 'main' is not defined
this appeared after trying to fix lots of indentation errors...
complex, difficult and confusing
For newbies, this article is complex, difficult and confusing - and plenty of redundancies...
Would be much more easier to learn from minimal examples.
I have some similar minimal examples at:
FTP Link
The file is here:
("Web", not "WEB")
You could have found it yourself on the ftp server... ;-)
Dead Link
Hi people,
Looks like the link is dead. Can someone else give it a try?
The link
The link still doesn't work with that 'Web'.
Re: Creating Games with Pygame
Actually the link to the tarball is STILL not working- can anyone get a hold of it and mail it to firstname.lastname@example.com
Re: Creating Games with Pygame
Now, if we could have a similar article detailing a simple database app (PostgreSQL, MySQL or similar as the back end) with a gui front end I would seriously consider spending time on Python.
Re: Creating Games with Pygame
Database connection is really easy in python. For Dbase connectivity you can find information on http://www.python.org/topics/database/. With the DB API 2.0, there is actually not much difference in connecting to a mysql, or a postgresql database.
For gui, you have a number of choices - wxpython, tk, gtk just to name a few. You can find info on this on www.wxpython.org . If you prefer tk, you can find info on that on http://www.python.org/topics/tkinter/.
Re: Creating Games with Pygame
Instead of waiting for next article look at http://www.pygtk.org/pygtk2tutorial/index.html
Re: Creating Games with Pygame
Very nice tutorial, i've never programmed in Python and I was able to understand a lot and even find some problems
This is mostly logic but...
in the load_sound method there's a mistake
fullname = os.path.join('data', name)
if os.path.exists(full_name) == False: # Wrong
sound = pygame.mixer.Sound(fullname)
print 'File does not exist:', fullname
return No_Sound
Change the mistake for
if os.path.exists(full_name) == True:
and then it'll work :) if it exists it should be played and not the oposite :)
Congratulations for this nice tutorial
Re: Creating Games with Pygame
Also the author confuses 'fullname' and 'full_name'.
This article is very poorly written.
Re: Creating Games with Pygame
There is no error in the actual source file
Re: Creating Games with Pygame
That the tutorial deviates from the source it's explaining is another serious problem.
program coding ex. color
how to create it using the ,
Re: Creating Games with Pygame
The programming in the tutorial certainly had some problems, but the introduction to the topic was top notch. I was introduced to an aspect of python programming (well, programming in general) I had never been exposed to in such a way that I felt I had a handle on the basics. Sure, the sample code could have been editted better, but the tutorial served it's purpose in introducing a new package and showing off the capabilities.
Re: Creating Games with Pygame
Even better would be just "if os.path.exists(fullname):"; usually in Python there's no guarantee that the result will be True or False, just that the result will evaluate to true or false in a boolean context (which True and False happen to do, but so do 1 and 0, or 18 and None...)
Re: Creating Games with Pygame
Just a few nitpicks from a Pygame hacker...
RenderClear is "going away" in Pygame 1.7, coming in a few days. Group, RenderPlain, and RenderClear are now all the same group. The fourth one, RenderUpdates (not mentioned in the article), is still separate and usually gives better performance when used properly (and doesn't require double buffering).
You mention that pygame.time.delay with a constant value might be too long for slower machines; that's what pygame.time.Clock is for, you can specify an FPS to try and maintain, and it will calculate the correct time to sleep.
The call to random.seed() is not necessary; Python automatically seeds the RNG when it is not done explicitly.
Resetting the screen mode can be avoided by calling pygame.quit() at the end of the program. This shuts down all the SDL systems, including the display.
"if enemyship_sprites.sprites() == []:" is unsafe Python code in general. You don't know if sprites() is going to return a list, tuple, iterator, generator... Properly it should be written as "if len(enemyship_sprites.sprites()) == 0:", but you can also write it as "if not enemyship_sprites:" (I don't like that version). Pygame 1.7 you can just write "if len(enemyship_sprites) == 0:" which is probably the best way in the future.
-- Joe Wreschnig
not bad
Not bad but I've seen better tutorials on pygame. Anyway, good python coder can do all of available tutorials in a week... Not much of it so good work!
Re: Creating Games with Pygame
The link to the tar ball on the LJ FTP site has been fixed.--LJ Editorial
Uh... no. The link is still b
Uh... no. The link is still broken. However, the user comment above with the correct URL does work.
Re: Creating Games with Pygame
The link to the source code and image files gives an ftp error:
"550 Can't chagne director to /pub/lj/listings/WEB/7694.tar.gz: No such file or directory"
Otherwise looks like it could be fun to play around with.
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Release Date:
March 2, 2010
Rating: nr - Child Classic
This star-laden version of Lewis Carroll's novel combines elements of both the title novel and Carroll's sequel, -Through the Looking Glass. In England of the 19th century, young Alice finds that the mirror over the library fireplace opens into a strange world. She has odd adventures and changes size several times both before and after she follows a time-obsessed White Rabbit (Skeets Gallagher). Soaked after nearly drowning in a pool of tears, Alice is helped to dry off by a Dodo (Polly Moran), and encounters a caterpillar (Ned Sparks), whose mushroom also changes Alice's size. In a noisy home where the Cook (Lillian Harmer) and the Duchess (Alison Skipworth) are always fighting, Alice takes care of the Duchess' baby, but it turns into a pig and runs away. Asking directions of the Cheshire Cat (Richard Arlen) is no help, and a tea party with the Mad Hatter (Edward Everett Horton), the March Hare (Charlie Ruggles) and the Dormouse (Jackie Searl) is confusing and annoying.Alice meets the Queen of Hearts (May Robson), and encounters the Duchess again; while strolling with her, Alice meets the Gryphon (William Austin) and the Mock Turtle (Cary Grant). The twins Tweedledum (Jack Oakie) and Tweedledee (Roscoe Karns) recite a poem about a Walrus and a Carpenter (seen as an animated cartoon), but when they decide to go to battle, they're chased off by a crow. Humpty Dumpty (W.C. Fields) relates the poem -"Jabberwocky" to Alice, then falls off a wall and breaks. The mournful White Knight (Gary Cooper), unable to put Humpty Dumpty together again, escorts Alice for a while, but she tumbles down a hill and finds she's become a queen. At a party in Alice's honor, the Red Queen (Edna Mae Oliver) becomes furious at Alice, who then wakes up to find herself in the library, with her kitten Dinah in her lap. ~ Bill Warren, Rovi
- Genre: Kids and Family
- Category Kids' Fantasy
- Theme: Fantasy Lands, Finding a Way Back Home
- Studio: Universal Studios
- Run Time: 01 hr
- Language: English
- Subtitle Language: English , Spanish , French
- Release Date: March 2, 2010
- Lead Actor: Richard Arlen , Billy Barty , Charlotte Henry , Roscoe Ates , William Austin
- Supporting Actor: George Ovey , Colin Campbell , Ford Sterling , Alison Skipworth , Lucien Littlefield , Ned Sparks , Patsy O'Byrne , Harvey Clark , Leon Errol , Louise Fazenda , Alec B. Francis , Meyer Grace , Raymond Hatton , Sterling Holloway , Edward Everett Horton , Roscoe Karns , Mae Marsh , Edna May Oliver , Charlie Ruggles
- Director: Norman Z. McLeod
other Info.
- Online Item #: 12097897
- Store Item Number (DPCI): 058-10-2864
- Made in the USA or Imported


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£580 pcm
4 bedroom semi-detached house to rent The Firs, Wingate, County Durham, TS28Coming soon - Rent then Buy! Available for rent is this newly constructed 4 bedroom home! Accommodation briefly comprises Entrance Hallway; Kitchen/Dining Room; Lounge; Four Bedrooms; Family Bathroom & En-suite. More details ›
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Prime free font
Prime is a simple typeface with a techy feel and a strict, geometric origin. I wanted to create something that offers great readability in various sizes yet still offers enough subtle differences to stand out. Basic and somewhat neutral, it can be used in a variety of ways from distinct titles to body text.
Gt download it at just4inspiration.com
Meanwhile on Design You Trust:
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World Bulletin/News Desk
Turkish Health Minister Recep Akdag, who is currently in Iran, said that regional countries have been developing despite global economic crisis.
"It is an important indication of a great activity on Silk Road," Akdag said at "the 3rd International Silk Road Businessmen Meeting" in Tabriz.
He recalled that Turkish airlines company Anadolujet launched flights between eastern province of Erzurum and Tabriz.
Akdag said that he attached a great importance to Tabriz.
A new constitution and shifting to a presidential system will be top priorities, says PM Binali Yildirim
EU-Turkey refugee deal could collapse unless the bloc allows Turks visa freedom, says Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan
Binali Yildirim says ruling party's most important task is to usher in presidential system
Fiirst-ever World Humanitarian Summit organized by the United Nations in Istanbul dominated Tuesday's headlines
Binali Yildirim meets Turkish President Erdogan to submit the new government list
Foreign minister and European Commission VP exchange views over the phone on visa-free travel for Turkish citizens in Schengen
'Turkey is one of the countries - with its open-door policy - from which Europe should take lessons,' says Guy Ryder
'We must do everything that we can to continue to discuss as it is likely that by July 1 certain things will not be put in place, in other words the visa exemption (will not be granted) as some conditions will not have been fulfilled,' German chancellor says
In air operation in northern Iraq early Monday, Turkish Air Forces destroy weapon caches, shelters, camps
Turkish president deems current humanitarian system 'inadequate for solving urgent problems'
Tuesday's papers cover extraordinary congress where Turkey's ruling AK Party elects new party chairman
At least 125 United Nations member states gather in Istanbul on Monday and Tuesday to address intl humanitarian concerns
Sirnak's central Geylani Mosque has been bombed by PKK terrorists, leaving several Quran copies burnt and torn
President Erdogan asks new leader of ruling AK Party Binali Yildirim to form government
Binali Yildirim elected as AKP's new chairman, who is now set to replace Ahmet Davutoglu as prime minister
Airstrikes in northern Iraq's Qandil and Metina regions Thursday also destroyed terrorist PKK shelters


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Vice President of the Board of Directors
International Costumers' Guild
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The International Costumers Guild (ICG) is dedicated to the promotion and education of costuming as an art form in all its aspects. It also advocates on behalf of its members and the costuming community in matters of public interest related to the art and ... more
Vice President
Recording Secretary
Silicon Web Costumers Guild
Aurora 's Page
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Aurora Celeste is a costume dabbler with more than 10 years of experience.
2010 Annual Meeting
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Aurora Celeste is a costume dabbler with more than 10 years of experience.
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Raymond Celeste
U.S. Marine Corps
Jim Celeste
Calspan Corporation
Virginia Celeste
Better Homes Realty Inc
Warren Celeste
NextGen Communications
Helen Celeste
Built Holdings Pty Ltd


text:
Fans can soon expect to see a spin off series for the hit FX show "Sons of Anarchy."
It was previously announced that "Sons of Anarchy" will present a spin off series titled "Mayans MC." According to IGN, the project will be headed by Kurt Sutter, who is the creator of "Sons of Anarchy. In addition, Elgin James will be acting as an executive producer for the series.
FX has already presented a pilot script for the series written by James himself. In the network's statement, the upcoming series will revolve around family drama, which will explore the story in a Latino point of view. more >>
Despite low ratings and backlash from media watchdogs over its adult-content aimed at children and teens, the ABC network has renewed its new comedy series "The Real O'Neals" for a second season.
According to Nielson ratings, the April 19 episode of "The Real O'Neals" attracted about 2.9 million viewers and a 0.8/6 rating among 18-49 year olds.
Those figures were down significantly from the show's two preview episodes, which garnered a 1.8/6 rating in 18-49 with 6.3 million viewers overall. more >>
A spokesperson for retired Olympic gold medalist and reality television star Caitlyn Jenner, formally known as Bruce, is denying rumors that surfaced earlier this week claiming that she is experiencing "sex change regret" and that she wants to become a man again.
Celebrity biographer Ian Halperin, who is the author of a new tell-all book about the Kardashian family titled Kardashian Dynasty: The Controversial Rise of America's Royal Family, told the Hollywood news outlet The Wrap on Wednesday that life has not been easy for Jenner, who began transitioning last year.
Halperin explained that sources close to the family told him that Jenner had been miserable for months and he thinks that it is possible that Jenner with de-transition sometime in the next few years. more >>
The CW's hit supernatural drama TV series "The Originals" is now drawing closer to its Season 3 conclusion. Things are getting more exciting and intense as the Mikaelsons battle the forces that threaten to wipe out their existence.
Spoiler alert for those who missed "Where Nothing Stays Buried," Kol and Marcel did their best to save Davina from her apparent death. It was a great loss for them given the fact that it was only recently when Cami bid adieu. Things went awry when instead of helping the witch, the Mikaelsons used her to defeat Lucien.
Needless to say, Marcel felt so betrayed with what they've done. "I should have known better than to trust your family. You, people, destroy everything you touch!" a frustrated Marcel told Kol. more >>
CBS' hit police procedural drama TV series "Hawaii Five-O" Season 6 returns with not only one, but two action-packed episodes airing back to back this week. Judging from the details, it looks like fans are in for some huge surprise as Gabriel Waincroft now suffers the setbacks of his plans. Meanwhile, a life of one of the team members will be put in jeopardy. Will he make it through the ordeal?
Avid followers of the series know full too well that Chin Ho's brother-in-law has been a huge headache for Chin and Kono. However, the previous episode reveals that Gabriel does have a family of his own and if not for Chin, his daughter's life could have been endangered. These events are expected to set the big stage for what's about to come in the next episode.
In Episode 24 titled ""Pa'a ka 'ipuka i ka 'upena nananana (The Entrance is Stopped with a Spider's Web)," the synopsis from The Futon Critic said that the Five-O team will be prompted to protect the criminal mastermind as the latter got trapped inside a dilapidated building in Oahu's Chinatown. Making the situation worse is the fact that Gabriel's enemies are now closing in on him, which also means the police force will soon be caught in crossfire. more >>
BBC One's hit drama TV series "Sherlock" is now currently in a filming process for its highly anticipated Season 4. Showrunners have been teasing that the latest installment will find Sherlock Holmes (Benedict Cumberbatch) and John Watson (Martin Freeman) are up to encounter some new challenges ahead which may include this particular villain whom fans have already known in the past.
A report from the Daily Mail last month published some behind-the-scene photos showing the series stars Benedict Cumberbatch, Martin Freeman and the latter's real-life partner, Amanda Abbington. The three, who plays the role of Sherlock, Dr. Watson, and Mary, respectively, can be seen walking along a busy street. Freeman, in particular, was carrying a carrier, which the publication revealed to be a decoy baby. As further detailed, the former CIA agent and the military doctor are having a baby daughter. The new family member will definitely bring some new dynamics to the couple and to the sleuth, as well.
Meanwhile, series co-creator Mark Gatiss teased to Entertainment Weekly that Season 4 may see the return of one prominent villain. The EP said that he has already finished writing for the first episode. Speaking further, he told EW that there'd be more adventures for the characters. more >>


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Running away from the home stuff by Ilze Peimane (303) 2007-10-06 - 2007-10-11
One week spended alone in Berlin, Germany as an vacation found in middle of hard working at home.
It was just a roaming thrue Berlin when i found one week to run away from everyday's life. I was alone just with my German language skills, simple map and an inner guide where to go. Enjoy my point of view of Berlin, the city like because of it's cosmopolitism, foliated soul and the perfect subway system! (4 photos)
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There was a filing in the bankruptcy case today concerning a settlement of the damages phase of the Phostech case. The bankruptcy judge would have to approve it, but here's a clip from the filing:
Briefly, the Settlement Agreement provides for payment of $1,000,000 (Canadian dollars) (the "Funds") to be held in trust for the Debtor pending Court approval and certain other terms, as set forth in the
Settlement Agreement.
Bearing in mind that the bankruptcy judge still has to approve the settlement, it's too bad that noway isn't around to settle up his bet on the amount of damages - I can't remember off hand who he bet with, but I think he commented that the damages would be minuscule (on of his favorite words.)
I see this as a bit of good news for VLNC, but I'm still unsure of how shareholders will fare in the end.


text: Khan still willing to rematch Peterson ABS-CBN News Posted at Jun 28 2012 04:21 PM | Updated as of Jun 29 2012 12:21 AM MANILA, Philippines – British boxing star Amir "King" Khan is still willing to take on American boxer Lamont Peterson in a rematch of their December 2011 encounter – but only on certain conditions. "I would love to, because at the end of the day, it was a great fight, a great fight for the fans," Khan said in an interview with East Side Boxing. "I would love to fight Lamont Peteson again – if he is off steroids. But if he is still on them, he is a threat to my career and to my life," Khan added. Peterson defeated Khan via a controversial split decision to win the World Boxing Association and International Boxing Federation light-welterweight belts, and they were supposed to meet in a rematch last May. But the fight was cancelled when Peterson tested positive for an illegal substance. Khan is now set to fight World Boxing Council light-welterweight champion Danny Garcia in July. The British star said he will only fight Peterson again if the American is no longer using banned substances. "Other than that, if it's going to be fair and he's not going to take anything, it will be an easy win for us," Khan said. "I think that's what kept him in the fight for so long, because if he was not on anything, I think I would have stopped him in a couple of rounds," he added. "It shows that it helps an opponent when you take banned substances." Khan said he knew that there was "something wrong" in the fight against Peterson because of the American boxer's different approach. "We knew from day one that there was something there that I have never seen before. In the fight against me, he was coming forward, and we have never seen him come forward so much and be so aggressive," Khan said. "I knew there was something wrong in that fight, and I'm glad the Nevada commission, the anti-doping (agency) caught him and is cleaning up the sport of boxing," he added. But Khan is now focused on his upcoming bout against Garcia, an unbeaten boxer. "Danny Garcia brings a lot to the table, really," he said. "He is unbeaten, he has the WBC title, and I think when a fighter's unbeaten, he has a lot of confidence." "I'm sure he does not want to taste defeat, so at the end of the day, we are going to train hard, because I have tasted defeat before and I don't want to taste defeat again," Khan said. Share Facebook Twitter GPlus LinkedIn Pinterest Kakaotalk Viber WeChat Read More: boxing rematch Amir Khan Danny Garcia Lamont Peterson /nation/metro-manila/05/25/16/paalala-para-sa-ligtas-na-pakikilahok-sa-dzmm-takbo-2016/entertainment/05/25/16/shaina-joins-cast-of-the-story-of-us/global-filipino/world/05/25/16/childhood-goes-up-in-smoke-for-indonesian-tobacco-farm-workers/entertainment/05/25/16/sid-lucero-named-best-actor-at-la-film-fest/video/nation/metro-manila/05/25/16/3-child-policy-pabor-o-hindi


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text:
Kristin Murphy, Deseret News
FARMINGTON — More than 5,000 middle and high school students visited Lagoon on Friday for a day of physics experiments and demonstrations.
The annual event, which sees the Davis County amusement park transformed into a laboratory to explore concepts like gravity, motion, centrifugal force and energy, drew students from Utah, Idaho, Wyoming and Nevada.
Arnold Figueroa, a Hill Air Force Base employee who volunteered at a sumo robot competition station, said it was great seeing students excited about learning. The competition involved student-built and student-operated robots competing to push each other out of a ring.
"The kids are learning something about engineering and something about programing," Figueroa said. "I'm going deaf with their yelling and the cheering. They love it."
In another area of the park, students were able to conduct hands-on experiments with items like a Van de Graaff generator.
"It made me feel like I have power, like telekinetic. It's awesome," Kaysville Junior High eighth-grader David Hansen said of the generator, which allowed students to shock themselves and each other. "It's a very fun day. You can learn a lot but still have fun. That's the way science and physics should be."
Spencer Lewis, a sophomore from Herriman High, said the physics day was better than a typical day at Lagoon.
"It's like an awesome, elongated physics class," he said. "I take away more appreciation for electricity."
Contributing: Kristin Murphy
Email: email@example.com
Twitter: bjaminwood
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when i was a young girl i dreamed of being in the majorettes . but our famly was toooooo big and so there was no money for these kind of things. but i still played with an old one my friend gave me. good memories... i loved to see them in the parades in the summer in our home town.
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Fashion Queen Barbie, 1963
Georgia Tech majorettes
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Georgia Tech majorettes - My friend Mandy is on the front row, far right side.
Georgia Tech majorettes - nice uniform WITH boots. Yeah!
Fire baton ~ This is my favorite fire baton picture ever! Tammy Johnson threw her fire baton this hard and this fierce!
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Fire baton I've used one before.... I've got to stop looking at pictures like this, I'm gonna start missing it even more.
Fire baton ~ This is my favorite fire baton picture ever! ...used to do this too.
Fire baton ~ This is my most favorite fire baton picture ever!
let me do this at glenelg pleaseee! i love fire baton
Fire baton ~ Our whole corp twirled fire batons.
Fire baton!!! It's so fun! I love doing it. ✨
Fire baton | Majorettes | Pinterest
Fire Batons are my favorite!!
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This is super sweet <3 It's sad because baton twirling is a lost and dying art that we NEED to bring back to life. We need to keep this amazing art form in our schools and culture! If you agree... post, tweet, pin, ect. this pic and this message. Do anything to get this message out! #batontwirlersunite
A baton Twirler's prayer
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onegreatseason - Photos - Penn State's feature baton twirler
A baton Twirler's prayer I already miss performing :(
The majorettes prayer before competition or tryouts
A baton Twirler's prayer LOVE THIS!!<3
A majorette's prayer. LOVE THIS!!
Awesome!! A baton Twirler's prayer
Baton twirling prayer
A majorette's prayer
Love this...