text:
The review finds that MLA is delivering a good return on investment overall – with a return of $6.20 on every dollar invested by its levy payers, the Australian Government and value chain partners.
South Australian producer Michael Cobiac shares how he established – and now measures and monitors – the three key drivers in his business to deliver sustainable profit and growth.
Veterinarian Lachlan Strohfeldt shares his tips and tricks for weaning, which he will build on at upcoming practical workshops in northern NSW and Queensland.
Meat & Livestock Australia Ltd (MLA) strives to be the recognised leader in delivering world-class research, development and marketing outcomes that benefit Australian cattle, sheep and goat producers.
Working in collaboration with the Australian Government and wider red meat industry, MLA's mission is to deliver value to levy payers by investing in initiatives that contribute to producer profitability, sustainability and global competitiveness.
The new regional consultation model gives producers direct input into MLA's R&D priorities.
Click on the icons below to find out more about how MLA invests in research & development and marketing on behalf of producers. Funding comes from transaction levies paid on livestock sales, the Australian government and voluntary contributions from industry partners.
MLA invested $60m on behalf of grassfed cattle producers in 2014/15.
MLA invested $10.94m on behalf of grainfed cattle producers in 2014/15.
MLA invested $40.9m on behalf of sheepmeat and lamb producers in 2014/15.
MLA invested $0.94m on behalf of goat producers in 2014/15.
MLA is investing $52.8m on behalf of supply chain levy payers and voluntary contributors in 2014/15.
The 2016 "You're Better on Beef" campaign launched in March to inspire and motivate women, the gatekeeper of the family meals repertoire, to serve beef to their families. This year "You're Better on Beef" continues to show that beef is an essential part of a winning diet, with the essential nutrients in beef giving you the energy to take on the day.
Read More
May 2016
In an industry first, the eating quality of Australian beef has been audited and benchmarked to help cattle producers optimise the potential of their cattle and compare their performance with other like-minded producers.
May 2016
Vet Nigel McMahon explains how to assess and improve the capacity of your bulls to ensure maximum reproductive efficiency.
An upcoming series of workshops will give cattle producers the opportunity to improve the performance of their businesses and address the cost-price squeeze.
South Australian producer Michael Cobiac shares how he established – and now measures and monitors – the three key drivers in his business to deliver sustainable profit and growth.
Jul 2016
Queensland, Australia
Jun 2016
Level 2 527 Gregory Terrace ,Fortitude Valley QLD
New South Wales
Oct 2016


text:
What can I do to ease my stiff shoulders?
Dr Martin Scurr has been treating patients for more than 30 years
and is one of the country's leading GPs. Here he tackles stiff shoulders and bulimia.
I am 74 and have recently been diagnosed with polymyalgia rheumatica. It's very painful and I wondered if there was any other treatment apart from steroids? Jean Sewell, Belfast
Stiff shoulders? Steroids can help more than an oil change
Dr Scurr says...You are suffering from one of the most common conditions affecting elderly people in this country. I'm sorry to hear you are in so much pain, but rest assured it can be treated very easily.
Polymyalgia rheumatica is a condition that causes inflammation of large muscles (unlike arthritis, which affects the joints).
'Poly' means many, and 'myalgia' means muscle pain. The cause is not known, but there is a genetic link. It tends to strike those over 65 and affects three times as many women as men.
The most common symptom is shoulder pain and stiffness, but many patients I see - and there are several every year - also have general symptoms such as fatigue and weight loss.
Because these symptoms can apply to a range of other conditions and they usually start slowly, they are often passed off in the early stages as the aches and pains of getting older.
Around one-third of patients also suffer from a condition called giant cell arteritis. This is where the arteries around the forehead and temple area become thickened and bulging due to the inflammation.
This swelling of the arteries causes headaches - many patients say these are worse than any they have experienced before.
The lack of blood flow also affects the eyes, putting sight at risk, too. Diagnosis and treatment are therefore very important. Despite this, I often come across patients who have tolerated the debilitating symptoms for years.
The shame of it is that polymyalgia rheumatica can be diagnosed by a simple blood test that indicates how much inflammation there is in the body.
By looking for high levels of two markers, ESR and C-reactive protein, a diagnosis can be made.
The condition quickly responds to a small dose of steroids - prednisolone at 12 to 15mg daily. This suppresses the inflammation causing the pain.
Even within a day or two there is considerable relief, and within a month your symptoms should have disappeared.
Patients usually take prednisolone for one or two years, and the dose is slowly tapered off. The aim is to cure you, but if your symptoms reappear, the dose is simply increased for a short period of time.
Stiff shoulders: The pain can be excruciating and lead to other symptoms, but there are remedies
I get the impression from your question that you want to avoid taking steroids, but I'm afraid they are the only treatment.
Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs such as diclofenac and indomethacin are almost ineffective and have far greater complications and side- effects than prednisolone at the dose used.
I can understand your concern because steroids do have side-effects: known problems include osteoporosis, diabetes, hypertension and cataracts.
However, I urge you not to worry as the dose of steroids you need is very low and can be lowered each month by 1mg, so you are soon under the 7mg threshold where side-effects are known to be minimal.
I can assure you that taking steroids will be well worth it to get your pain under control.
I've suffered with bulimia for the past 24 years.
For the past 12 years I've avoided speaking to my GP, as I'm scared of the condition being recorded on my notes in case future employers find out. (I'm training to be a teacher.)
What sort of help could my GP give me - just pills? I'm a single mum of two and I'm terrified my bulimia will kill me. Helen, by email
Dr Scurr says...A few words for other readers about this common but poorly understood illness. We know that bulimia affects up to 9 per cent of female university students and probably many more people in older age groups. Ninety per cent of the cases are in women.
People with bulimia usually look normal, unlike the wasted skeletal appearance of those with anorexia nervosa.
The condition is not just about food, it is about disordered behaviour
The condition is not about food - it is about disordered behaviour, where there is binge eating followed by actions to compensate for this, such as self-induced vomiting, taking lots of laxatives, or prolonged periods of starvation.
Even those who have the condition moderately will suffer from dehydration, constipation, hair loss, low blood pressure and damage to the heart, potentially leading to lethal cardiac arrest.
The health implications of bulimia are very serious and in some cases irreversible. This is why potential employers like to know such details. Bear in mind that your GP notes follow you around, so there will always be a history of your bulimia in them.
You have the option to ask your GP to withhold information, but doctors are often asked if any details have been omitted at the request of the patient - which can arouse suspicion that something is amiss.
So there is a
strong incentive for you to get better, not just to secure an income,
but to ensure your children do not develop your attitudes to food.
Treating bulimia isn't simply about writing a prescription - you need to be under the expert care of a psychiatrist specialising in eating disorders. The main treatment will probably be CBT, cognitive behavioural therapy.
This teaches you to train yourself out of recurrent patterns of negative thinking, and helps you to identify the situations and behaviours that trigger bouts of binge eating.
CBT might be accompanied by an antidepressant such as Prozac, which has been shown to help compulsive behaviours, such as bulimia.
To contact Dr Scurr with a health query, write to him at Good Health, Daily Mail, 2 Derry Street, London W8 5TT, or email firstname.lastname@example.com, including contact details.
Dr Scurr cannot enter into personal correspondence. His replies cannot apply to individual cases and should be taken in a general context. Always consult your own GP with any health worries.
Many authorities treat bulimia as if it were an addictive disorder, with intensive daily attendance at a group meeting, similar to Alcoholics Anonymous.
Most importantly, however, I must point out that bulimia is a way of coping with stress, depression or self- esteem issues. It starts as a tensionrelieving device, but develops into a compulsion.
So it's important also to look at the stresses in your life and to identify those that are selfimposed and that you can reduce.
I commend you for your dedication in getting your career back on track, but please consider the stresses and strains for a single mother of two entering such a demanding profession.
Qualifications are very important for self-esteem, but I wonder if, after your training is completed, you might think of a less stressful way to generate an income until you have conquered this demon of a condition for a considerable time. Take heart - I am sure you can do it.
By the way... In 1953, the then prime minister, Anthony Eden, suffered a surgical disaster when his common bile duct, the channel draining the bile from the liver to the intestine, was severed during an operation to remove his diseased gallbladder.
Travelling overseas for treatment is becoming more popular, but should not be over-estimated
This complication occurs only rarely, and at that time there were few specialists capable of a rescue operation. Eden therefore travelled to the Lahey Clinic in the U.S., where the renowned Dr Richard Catell was able to carry out an effective repair. Eden was saved and resumed his duties in Downing Street.
The desire to travel overseas to enjoy better medical care seems to have become ingrained in the minds of many patients.
Yet much of that enthusiasm for America, at least, is based upon the false idea that it is leading the way in scientific discovery, plus a heavy dose of marketing from our transatlantic colleagues.
In fact, there is no shortage of ingenuity and skill in medicine in the UK, as it was here that hip replacements, IVF, CT and ultrasound scanning and penicillin - among many other innovations - were pioneered.
Most of my patients are unaware of the advances our own universities and hospitals are responsible for, submerged as they are in the gloom of cutbacks, bed shortages and MRSA rumours.
The domination of political correctness, inflexible planning and over-administration that dogs the functioning of the NHS also saps the morale of patients, who naturally assume things must be better elsewhere.
What many fail to realise is that our best healthcare is on a par with America's and Europe's. And over there, they have not only top quality, but bottom quality, too. The reason there was a surgeon who could repair torn bile ducts was that he had plenty of practice: there were enough surgeons tearing them to demand a centre of excellence where disasters could be made good.
Here, at home, we did not have sufficient experience because, in general, surgical standards were uniformly high - not enough bile ducts got damaged for anyone to gain proficiency in repairing them! So all is not what it might seem - the grass is not greener in America, at least in medicine.
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- Cincinnati zoo director defends decision to kill Harambe
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 20, 2012
|Filing date
|Oct 24, 2008
|Priority date
|Oct 24, 2008
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Gavin P. Towler, Hayim Abrevaya
|Original Assignee
|Uop Llc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (12), Non-Patent Citations (1), Classifications (11), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to a process for the production of light olefins from a naphtha feed stream. This invention also relates to using improved zeolite mixtures in the process for producing light olefins.
Ethylene and propylene, light olefin hydrocarbons with two or three atoms per molecule, respectively, are important chemicals for use in the production of other useful materials, such as polyethylene and polypropylene. Polyethylene and polypropylene are two of the most common plastics found in use today and have a wide variety of uses both as a material for fabrication and as a material for packaging. Other uses for ethylene and propylene include the production of vinyl chloride, ethylene oxide, ethylbenzene and alcohol. Steam cracking or pyrolysis of hydrocarbons produces most of the ethylene and some propylene. One of the disadvantages of steam cracking is the low ratio of propylene to ethylene. Hydrocarbons used as feedstock for light olefin production include natural gas, petroleum liquids, and carbonaceous materials including coal, recycled plastics or any organic material.
An ethylene plant is a very complex combination of reaction and gas recovery systems. The feedstock is charged to a cracking zone in the presence of steam at effective thermal conditions to produce a pyrolysis reactor effluent gas mixture. The pyrolysis reactor effluent gas mixture is stabilized and separated into purified components through a sequence of cryogenic and conventional fractionation steps. A typical ethylene separation section of an ethylene plant containing both cryogenic and conventional fractionation steps to recover an ethylene product with a purity exceeding 99.5% ethylene is described in an article by V. Kaiser and M. Picciotti, entitled, "Better Ethylene Separation Unit." The article appeared in HYDROCARBON PROCESSING MAGAZINE, November 1988, pages 57-61 and is hereby incorporated by reference.
Methods are known for increasing the conversion of portions of the products of the the ethylene production from a zeolitic cracking process to produce more propylene by a disproportionation or metathesis of olefins. Such processes are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,026,935 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,026,936 wherein a metathesis reaction step is employed in combination with a catalytic cracking step to produce more propylene by the metathesis of C2 and C4 olefins obtained from cracking. The catalytic cracking step employs a zeolitic catalyst to convert a hydrocarbon stream having 4 or more carbon atoms per molecule to produce olefins having fewer carbon atoms per molecule. The hydrocarbon feedstream to the zeolitic catalyst typically contains a mixture of 40 to 100 wt-% paraffins having 4 or more carbon atoms per molecule and 0 to 60 wt-% olefins having 4 or more carbon atoms per molecule. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,043,522, it is disclosed that the preferred catalyst for such a zeolitic cracking process is an acid zeolite, examples includes several of the ZSM-type zeolites or the borosilicates. Of the ZSM-type zeolites, ZSM-5 was preferred. It was disclosed that other zeolites containing materials which could be used in the cracking process to produce ethylene and propylene included zeolite A, zeolite X, zeolite Y, zeolite ZK-5, zeolite ZK-4, synthetic mordenite, dealuminized mordenite, as well as naturally occurring zeolites including chabazite, faujasite, mordenite, and the like. Zeolites which were ion-exchanged to replace alkali metal present in the zeolite were preferred. Preferred alkali exchange cations were hydrogen, ammonium, rare earth metals and mixtures thereof.
European Patent No. 109,059B1 discloses a process for the conversion of a feedstream containing olefins having 4 to 12 carbon atoms per molecule into propylene by contacting the feedstream with a ZSM-5 or a ZSM-11 zeolite having a silica to alumina atomic ratio less than or equal to 300 at a temperature from 400 to 600� C. The ZSM-5 or ZSM-11 zeolite is exchanged with a hydrogen or an ammonium cation. The reference also discloses that, although the conversion to propylene is enhanced by the recycle of any olefins with less than 4 carbon atoms per molecule, paraffins which do not react tend to build up in the recycle stream. The reference provides an additional oligomerization step wherein the olefins having 4 carbon atoms are oligomerized to facilitate the removal of paraffins such as butane and particularly isobutane which are difficult to separate from C4 olefins by conventional fractionation. In a related European Patent No. 109,060B1, a process is disclosed for the conversion of butenes to propylene. The process comprises contacting butenes with a zeolitic compound selected from the group consisting of silicalites, boralites, chromosilicates and those chromosilicates and those zeolites ZSM-5 and ZSM-11 in which the mole ratio of silica to alumina is greater than or equal to 350. The conversion is carried out at a temperature from 500� C. to 600� C. and at a space velocity of from 5 to 200 kg/hr of butenes per kg of pure zeolitic compound. The European Patent No. 109,060B1 discloses the use of silicalite-1 in an ion-exchanged, impregnated, or co-precipitated form with a modifying element selected from the group consisting of chromium, magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,867,341 to Abrevaya et al. teaches naphtha cracking using a catalyst comprising a molecular sieve having 10-membered rings with channels of length 0.1 to 0.3 micrometers and having a silicon to aluminum atomic ratio of about 20 to about 200. In particular, examples are presented showing that a high Si/Al2 ratio Ferrierite catalyst is more effective for naphtha conversion and gives higher yields of the desired products ethylene and propylene than other zeolites examined. Preferred operating temperatures in the range 650 to 670 C are indicated, and operating pressures should be as low as can be economically achieved.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,288,298 to Rodriguez et al. teaches cracking of a naphtha stream that contains a mixture of paraffins and olefins (for example, a product stream from a steam naphtha cracker or a FCC process) using a high silicon content SAPO-11 catalyst with AEL structure. Preferred operating temperatures in the range 500� C. to 600� C. are indicated. The SAPO catalyst is shown by example to have higher activity and selectivity for propylene than conventional FCC catalyst additives such as ZSM-5. U.S. Pat. No. 6,300,537 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,521,563, both to Strohmaier et al. (and both assigned to ExxonMobil) show similar results using a different preparation of high silicon SAPO-11 designated ECR-42.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,258,257 to Swan et al. teaches a two stage process for producing C2 to C4 olefins from gas oil in which the gas oil is first contacted with an FCC catalyst to produce an olefinic naphtha stream and this naphtha stream is then contacted with ZSM-5 or other small or medium pore zeolites at a temperature in the range 630� C. to 650� C.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,791,002 to Abrevaya et al. teaches use of a plurality of riser reactors attached to a common regenerator, allowing each riser reactor to contact an oil stream at different conditions of temperature and residence time. Unconverted intermediate products from catalytic cracking of naphtha are recycled to different riser reactors where they are contacted with catalyst under the appropriate reaction conditions.
All of the above prior art schemes suffer from the disadvantage that multiple reaction reaction steps are needed to effectively convert the feed into the desired products. This increases the complexity and cost of the reaction system, as well as increasing the amount of material that must be collected in the separation system for recycle to the reactors. The overall effect is to increase the capital and operating costs of the catalytic naphtha cracking process.
It is difficult in naphtha cracking to obtain high selectivity to ethylene and propylene, while maintaining high conversion. Improvements in catalysts and processes that accomplish this are therefore desirable.
The invention is a naphtha-cracking catalyst formulation or a means of loading catalyst that seeks to maximize the selective yield of desired products per reactor pass and hence reduce the amount of light material that must be recycled, while also reducing reactor complexity. The novel process is for the selective catalytic cracking of naphtha to light olefins, using a combination of catalysts to increase the first pass through conversion and reduce the amount of recycle of light paraffins. The process comprises contacting a naphtha feedstream with a combination of catalysts at reaction conditions. The catalyst combination includes a first molecular sieve comprising a small pore zeolite having a pore index between 13 and 26, and a second molecular sieve comprising an intermediate pore zeolite having a pore index between 26 and 30. The catalyst combination comprises the first molecular sieve in an amount between 5 and 95 wt % of the catalyst, and the second molecular sieve comprises an amount between 5 and 95 wt % of the catalyst.
In a preferred embodiment, for the maximization of propylene production, the catalyst mixture comprises the first molecular sieve in an amount between 10 and 50 wt % of the catalyst and the second molecular sieve in an amount between 50 and 90 wt % of the catalyst.
Additional objects, embodiments and details of this invention can be obtained from the following drawings and detailed description of the invention.
Catalytic naphtha cracking has started to develop as a new route for the production of light olefins. There are several advantages of using a catalytic process over the conventional steam cracking, including improved yields and reduced material costs as a result of lower reactor temperatures.
A drawback of catalytic naphtha cracking is that it is difficult to accomplish full conversion of the feed in a single reactor pass. The optimum catalyst and process conditions for naphtha conversion are not optimal for conversion of intermediate products such as C4 and and C5 olefins and paraffins, propane, ethane, etc.
If large amounts of these byproducts form then they must be separated from the desired products (chiefly ethylene and propylene) the separation and recycle of these byproducts can impose high costs on the process. This is particularly true for light byproducts, as the separation of these compounds is usually carried out by cryogenic distillation. In general, it is substantially cheaper to recycle naphtha or gasoline range material that can be distilled without cryogenic techniques than it is to recycle low-boiling compounds such as ethane, propane and butanes.
The present invention provides for selective catalytic naphtha cracking. The naphtha is cracked to light olefins using a combination of catalysts. The use of a mixture of catalysts reduces the byproducts and thereby reduces the amount of material that needs to be recycled for further cracking. A naphtha feedstream is contacted with a mixture of catalysts at reaction conditions to control the relative production of ethylene and propylene. The mixture comprises at least two catalysts wherein a first molecular sieve comprising a small pore zeolite having a pore index between 13 and 26, and a second molecular sieve comprising an intermediate pore zeolite having a pore index between 26 and 30. The first molecular sieve comprises between 5 and 95 wt % of the catalyst, and the second molecular sieve comprises between 5 and 95 wt % of the catalyst. The pore index (PI) is the product of the two principal dimensions, or diameters, of the pore and is in units of square Angstroms (Å2). The pore dimensions are typically expressed in Angstroms (Å).
In one embodiment, preferably, the first molecular sieve comprises a zeolite having a small pore, 10 membered ring (MR) where the pore index is between 22 and 26. In this embodiment, the first molecular sieve comprises between 90 and 95 wt % of the catalyst. In addition, the molecular sieve has a silica-alumina (SiO2/Al2O3) ratio between 20 and 600, with a preferred silica-alumina ratio between 200 and 400. The first molecular sieve further comprises a crystal size between 0.1 and 0.3 micrometers.
Catalytic naphtha cracking comprises contacting a naphtha feedstream, in gaseous form, with a catalyst mixture as described above. For example, the contacting of the naphtha with the catalyst can be carried out in a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC)-type reactor. The process then entails feeding the hot catalyst and the vaporized, preheated naphtha into a reactor vessel, where the catalyst mixes with the gas and is entrained with the gas, and produces a gas-produces a gas-catalyst mixture that reacts under operating conditions to produce a product gas and a used catalyst. The choice of reactor can be any fluidized-type of reactor for intimately mixing the naphtha feedstream with the catalyst. Reactors of this type are well known to those skilled in the art. A fluidized reactor usable in this invention is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,183,699, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. The product gas and used catalyst exit the reactor where the catalyst and gas are separated. The separation process of gas and catalyst is well known to those skilled in the art. Following the separation of ethylene, propylene and aromatics, the unconverted naphtha, plus ethane, propane, butane and butanes can be recycled back to the reactor to make more ethylene and propylene.
The reaction conditions for naphtha cracking with the new catalyst include operating the reactor at a temperature between 550� C. to about 700� C. A preferred temperature for operating the process is to be in the range from about 600� C. to about 675� C. with a more preferred operating temperature of about 625� C. to about 670� C. The reaction process further includes hydrocarbon partial pressures between 17 kPa (2.5 psia) and 690 kPa (100 psia). Preferred partial pressures are between 100 kPa (15 psia) and 690 kPa (100 psia). The weight hourly space velocities WHSV for the process is between 2 hr−1 and 200 hr−1, and preferably from about 10 hr−1 to about 100 hr−1. As is understood in the art, the weight hourly space velocity is the weight flow of the feed divided by the catalyst weight.
For maximizing ethylene yield, the catalyst comprises a molecular sieve mixture wherein the second molecular sieve is a nano-silicalite with a silica-alumina ration greater than 200. The second molecular sieve comprises between 90 and 95 wt % of the catalyst, with the first molecular sieve comprising the remainder.
In a preferred embodiment of the catalyst for maximizing ethylene yield, the silica-alumina ratio of the nano-silicalite is between 600 and 1600.
The demand for propylene has increased faster than the demand for ethylene, and increasing the production of propylene from naphtha cracking is desirable. For maximizing propylene production, the catalyst mixture comprises a first molecular sieve making up between 10 and 50 wt % of the catalyst, and the second molecular sieve comprises between 50 and 90 wt % of the catalyst. The first molecular sieve comprises a small pore zeolite having a pore index between 13 and 26, with a silica-alumina ratio between 20 and 600. Preferably, the silica-alumina ratio is between 200 and 400.
Suitable materials for the first molecular sieve include zeolites selected from rho (PI=13), chabazite (PI=14.4), ZK-5 (PI=15.2), ITQ-3 (PI=16.3), ZK-4 (PI=16.8), erionite (PI=18.4), ferrierite (PI=22.7), clinoptilolite (PI=23.3) and ZSM-22 (PI=26.2). Mixtures of suitable zeolites are also useable as the first molecular sieve. These zeolite additives are also suitable for converting C3/C2 to light olefins.
The second molecular sieve for maximizing propylene production comprises an intermediate pore zeolite having a pore index between 26 and 30. One zeolite preferably comprises nano-silicalite with a silica-alumina ratio greater than 200. A more preferred form of the nano-silicalite for the second molecular sieve is one with a silica-alumina ratio between 600 and 1600.
According to this invention a mixture of catalyst should be used in catalytic naphtha cracking. The catalysts should be selected with the following objectives in mind. The reaction conditions for the results shown in
High ethylene selectivity from the cracking of naphtha is favored over small non-intersecting 10-membered-ring zeolites with a pore index in the range of 22 to 26. This is particularly true when the crystal size along the channel dimensions is on the order of 0.1 to 0.3 micrometers, and the silica-alumina ratio is in the range of 20 to 600.
High propylene selectivity from cracking of naphtha is favored over larger 10-membered-ring zeolites having a pore index between 26 and 30. However, in order to suppress large transition state-high reaction order undesirable hydrogen transfer and aromatization reactions, the acid sites need to be quite far apart and the crystal size needs to be small. For example, when the silica-alumina ratio should be greater than 200. The presence of intersecting 10-membered-ring channels, such as with Silicalite, or the presence of 12- of 12-membered-ring channels should not hurt the selectivity.
The results presented in
Low butene and butane (C4= and C4) selectivity from cracking of naphtha is favored over small non-intersecting 10-membered-ring zeolites and large 8-membered-ring zeolites with pore index in the range 16-26. The results summarized in
Butene and butane selectivity increases with increasingly larger pore indexes. In these examples the selectivity is mostly normal butenes and butanes, n-C4= and n-C4, rather than isobutenes and isobutanes, i-C4= and i-C4. While not being constrained to any theory, it is believed that this is caused by the inability of large pore zeolites to perform secondary cracking on small hydrocarbon molecules. This is consistent with the inability of large pore zeolites to perform primary cracking on small hydrocarbon molecules as well. For example, the results in
Further results illustrated in
The selection of zeolites should also factor in the potential for coke formation. Low coke formation increases the life between regeneration cycles. Low coke selectivity from cracking of naphtha is favored over large 10-membered-ring zeolites, having a pore index between 26 and 30, and with a silica-alumina ratio greater than 200. The crystal size should be in the range from 0.1 to 0.3 micrometers. For example, under the same test conditions used for all zeolites illustrated here, the coke selectivity is low, about 0.2%, only for nano-silicalite and relatively high, between 3 and 8%, for all other zeolites that are either small 10 or 12-membered-ring zeolites.
Over a broad range of silica-alumina ratios for the cracking of naphtha to light olefins, high ethylene selectivity is favored at high conversions. Several nano-silicalite catalysts with different silica-alumina ratios were tested using different loadings of catalysts, hence different zeolite:hydrocarbon (HCBN) wt. ratios. The results, summarized in
However, propylene selectivity is favored at lower conversion, which is the opposite effect from ethylene selectivity. This is illustrated with the same nano-silicate catalysts used, as shown in
While the selectivities of propylene and ethylene are oppositely impacted by high conversion, when the conversion level is below about 90%, the sum of propylene and ethylene selectivities is relatively insensitive to the conversion level, as illustrated by the data in
The selection of catalyst and operating conditions is dependent on the choice of increased selectivity of either propylene or ethylene.
When operating for maximizing propylene yields, the catalytic cracking is operated at a conversion level of about 60-70%. Here, the adverse effect of relatively low conversion on high butene and butane selectivity is addressed by having a small pore size zeolite additive at a level between 10% and 50% level in the catalyst formulation along with a nano-silicalite in the range between 50% and 90%. The nano-silicalite should have a silica-alumina ratio greater than 200, and preferably the ratio should be in the range from 600 to 1600. The beneficial effect of the additive in lowering per pass butene and butane selectivity is illustrated by the following examples in Table 1 below. The test conditions were 650� C., 170 kPa (10 psig) total pressure, zeolite:HCBN=40, and no diluent.
Conversion of naphtha to light olefins
50% Nano-Silicalite
(front-end) +
50% Ferrierite
Conversion, %
Selectivities, %
Ideally, all of these reactions should be carried out in the same reactor under the same process conditions. Suitable process conditions include temperatures in the range 600 to 700 C, and low hydrocarbon partial pressures in the range 5 to 50 psig. Lower hydrocarbon partial pressures can be achieved by dilution of the feed with steam.
When operating to maximize ethylene yields, the catalytic cracking is operated to achieve a conversion level around 90%. The reactor will utilize a catalyst such as nano-silicalite with a silica-alumina ratio greater than 200, and preferably in the range of 600 to 1600. An alternative is to use a small pore 10-membered-ring zeolite with a silica-alumina ratio in the range from 20 to 600. The preferred silica-alumina ratio is between 200 and 400, and the crystal size is preferred to be in the 0.1 to 0.3 micrometer range.
Alternatively, if the rate of coking can be controlled to a low enough level, the reactions can be carried out inside tubes placed in a furnace, in which case the catalysts can be loaded in sequence such that the feed contacts first the nano-silicalite and then the small-pore zeolite. If the rate of coke formation is low then the catalyst can be regenerated periodically by burning with air or with a depleted air stream to allow for good temperature control.
The advantage of using a mixture of catalysts for this process is that the selectivity per reactor pass can be substantially increased. The effect of this is to reduce the amount of material that must be sent through the separation section per ton of product, and hence reduce the (large) separation section capital and operating costs. It is particularly advantageous if the amount of low molecular weight paraffin material (C2 to C4) can be reduced, as it is more expensive to process this material as recycle streams than it is to process recycle streams of naphtha range material.
While it is advantageous to achieve high conversion of low molecular weight paraffin material in a single pass to be able to reduce the amount of recycle, the lighter ethane and propane portion of this fraction is expected to be less reactive and may require more severe operating conditions. In that case, injecting these lighter recycle streams to the catalyst coming from the regenerator (or heat exchanger) at the highest temperature location would be preferred, i.e., 675-690� C.
While the invention has been described with what are presently considered the preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but it is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the scope of the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 2, 1989
|Jun 25, 1991
|Arco Chemical Technology, Inc.
|Enhanced production of ethylene from higher hydrocarbons
|Oct 2, 1989
|Jun 25, 1991
|Arco Chemical Technology, Inc.
|Enhanced production of propylene from higher hydrocarbons
|Mar 27, 1990
|Aug 27, 1991
|Arco Chemical Technology, Inc.
|Production of olefins from a mixture of Cu+ olefins and paraffins
|Mar 2, 2000
|Jul 10, 2001
|Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company
|Process for producing polypropylene from C3 olefins selectively produced by a two stage fluid catalytic cracking process
|May 20, 1999
|Sep 11, 2001
|Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc.
|Naphtha cracking utilizing new catalytic silicoaluminophosphates having an AEL structure
|May 20, 1999
|Oct 9, 2001
|Exxon Research And Engineering Company
|Method for the use of new silicoaluminophosphas having an AEL structure to convert naptha to C2 to C4 olefins
|Dec 13, 2000
|Feb 18, 2003
|Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc.
|Silicoaluminophosphates having an ael structure, a method for their preparation and their use as naphtha cracking catalysts
|Dec 11, 2002
|Sep 14, 2004
|Uop Llc
|Riser reactor system for hydrocarbon cracking
|Sep 17, 2002
|Mar 15, 2005
|Uop Llc
|Catalytic naphtha cracking catalyst and process
|Jun 7, 2004
|Jan 19, 2006
|Van Den Berge Jannetje M
|Coated zeolite catalysts and use for hydrocarbon conversion
|Nov 10, 1983
|Jul 15, 1987
|MONTEDIPE S.p.A.
|Process for converting olefins having 4 to 12 carbon atoms into propylene
|Nov 10, 1983
|Mar 11, 1987
|MONTEDIPE S.p.A.
|Process for the conversion of linear butenes to propylene
|Kaiser, V. and Picciotti, M.; "Better Ethylene Separation Unit" Hydrocarbon Processing Magazine, Nov. 1988, pp. 57-61.
|U.S. Classification
|208/120.01, 585/653, 585/650, 585/649, 585/651
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 28, 2008
Owner name: UOP LLC,ILLINOIS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:TOWLER, GAVIN P;ABREVAYA, HAYIM;SIGNING DATES FROM 20081023 TO 20081024;REEL/FRAME:021747/0876
Owner name: UOP LLC, ILLINOIS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:TOWLER, GAVIN P;ABREVAYA, HAYIM;SIGNING DATES FROM 20081023 TO 20081024;REEL/FRAME:021747/0876
|Aug 25, 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


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Snow squall warnings issued from Lake Huron to Barrie
Snow covers vehicles in Keswick on Saturday, Nov. 24, 2012. (MyNews/David Gleva)
CTV Toronto
Published Monday, November 26, 2012 9:35AM EST
Environment Canada is warning residents of an area stretching from northern Lake Huron, southeast to the Barrie region to expect some heavy local snowfall today.
In a warning issued early Monday morning, Environment Canada said a snow squall extending across the Bruce Peninsula may become stationary through the day. Combined with a second stalled squall extending southeast from Georgian Bay, the agency is calling for 15 centimetres of snow to accumulate in some areas by the evening.
"Snowfall amounts may reach or exceed 20 cm if the snow squalls remain stationary for more than a few hours today," the agency warned.
Besides the likelihood of slippery conditions, the warning notes that drivers should expect near-zero visibility at times.
The forecast calls for continuing bands of lake effect snow through the day, with some weakening possible overnight.
According to the Weather Network's top forecaster, this winter will likely bring a return of the snow many Canadians have missed in recent years.
"We'll get more winter this year than we did last year," the network's director of meteorology Chris Scott said Monday.
Predicting winter weather conditions more in line with historical averages, Scott suggested most of Atlantic Canada, the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Great Lakes regions should brace for more of the white stuff this year than last.
More News from CTV Toronto
- Female killed after single-vehicle crash in East Gwillimbury
- One person injured after stabbing involving several masked men in Etobicoke: police
- Matthew Habte expected to be sentenced today for impaired driving crash that killed 25-year-old
- Wynne apologizes for "brutalities" suffered at residential schools in Ontario
- Police release image of man accused of sexually assaulting woman on Queen's Quay


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SAN FRANCISCO (AP) - In true San Francisco irony, smartphones were used Thursday to snap pictures of a historic phone that was used to make the first coast-to-coast phone call 100 years ago.
YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK (AP) - Kevin Jorgeson's hands still bear souvenirs from the historic climb Dawn Wall of El Capitan he completed with his partner last week. The scabs on his fingertips are so thick that track pads on computers and phones don't register his touch.
REDWOOD CITY (AP) - Northern California prosecutors on Thursday charged an Oregon prison inmate with two counts of murder in the serial killings of six young women that terrified the region nearly 40 years ago.
LOS ANGELES (AP) - A skin-care specialist to the stars was acquitted Thursday of charges that she plotted to murder a rival beautician she mistakenly blamed for stalking her.
8 ARRESTED AS SAN JOSE POLICE SHUT DOWN HOME-BASED CASINO: SAN JOSE (AP) - San Jose police say eight people have been arrested after officers broke up a home-based casino with roughly 15 video gambling machines.
VISALIA (AP) - Authorities in Tulare County are search for a hit-and-run driver who killed an 84-year-old woman.
SAN DIEGO (AP) - Drug smugglers are turning "trusted travelers" into unwitting mules by placing containers with powerful magnets under their cars in Mexico and then recovering the illegal cargo far from the view of border authorities in the United States.
SAN JACINTO (AP) - Sheriff's deputies fatally shot a man they believe killed a police dog during standoff at a Southern California home.
SAN MATEO (AP) - A police officer in California resorted to hitting two pit bulls with his patrol car to stop a neighborhood rampage in which the dogs attacked several people, including a city sanitation worker, and charged a woman pushing two children in a stroller.
LOS ANGELES (AP) - A major measles outbreak traced to Disneyland has brought criticism down on the small but vocal movement among parents to opt out of vaccinations for their children.
ROSEVILLE (AP) - Officials in the Placer County city of Roseville have approved a plan to tear up turf on some public property and replace it with water-saving plants amid the state's historic drought.
POLICE PROBE OFFICER'S SHOVE OF MAN IN WHEELCHAIR: SAN FRANCISCO (AP) - Authorities are investigating an altercation between a police officer and a man in a wheelchair that was captured on video and circulated online.
SACRAMENTO . (AP) - Two state firefighters were fired Wednesday and another has resigned after an ethics investigation that stemmed from the killing of a battalion chief's girlfriend.
SACRAMENTO (AP) - The mother of a young woman whose battle with brain cancer drew widespread attention to her desire to legally end her life with prescribed drugs in California appeared Wednesday in the state Capitol to push for aid-in-dying legislation.
SAN FRANCISCO (AP) - California Gov. Jerry Brown and University of California President Janet Napolitano received clearance on Wednesday to form an unusual "committee of two" that will look at ways of resolving their standoff over state funding for higher education and the necessity of tuition increases.
Page 133 of 631
SAN BERNARDINO. (AP) - Eighty percent of the nearly $2.5 million donated to the United Way following the San Bernardino terror attack that killed 14 ...
SAN DIEGO (AP) - A San Diego harbor cruise boat crashed into a pier while docking Thursday, injuring seven people and causing significant damage to the ...
LOS ANGELES (AP) - Los Angeles fitness fanatics whose daily routine includes a hike or a run along the Runyon Canyon trail are bracing themselves for ...
FRESNO (AP) - A wrong-way driver leading authorities on a high-speed chase crashed through a gate and into a fighter jet at a central California naval ...
SAN FRANCISCO (AP) - Shirley Hufstedler, a former federal appellate court judge who served as the nation's first education secretary, has died. She was 90.
Page 8 of 8
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Julia Louis-Dreyfus is Great on 'Veep', But She Was Even Better on 'The New Adventures of Old Christine'
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The worse he behaves, the more we find ourselves lusting after him. Damn it.
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Births for May 2012
Thursday, May 31
- Conrad and Bethany Roberts, Lawrence, a girl.
- Amy and Andrew Spikes, Lawrence, a boy.
- Bakary and Elizabeth Suso, Lawrence, a girl.
- Alex and Chelsea Baker, Lawrence, a boy.
Tuesday, May 29
- Tiffany and Benjamin Copeland, Perry, a girl.
Wednesday, May 30
- Emily and Jomain Rouser, Lawrence, a girl.
- Alan and Andrea Rector, Lawrence, a girl.
Tuesday, May 29
- Cody and Kylee Babcock, Lawrence, a girl.
Monday, May 28
- Hailey Toshavik and Greg Nixon, Lawrence, a girl.
Tuesday, May 29
- Albert and Nicole Neil, Lawrence, a girl.
- Ryan and Mallory Lauber, Eudora, a girl.
- Nick and Sara Hale, Lawrence, twin boys.
Sunday, May 27
- Ryan and Chelsea Alexander, Lawrence, a girl.
Saturday, May 26
- Robert and Linda Wilks, Lawrence, a girl.
Friday, May 25
- Robert and Amy Brown, Eudora, a girl.
Saturday, May 26
- Ashley and Matt All, Lawrence, a girl.
Friday, May 25
- Jeremy and Kristie Denham, Lawrence, a boy and a girl.
Thursday, May 24
- Brandy and Jerry Saulsbury, Lawrence, a girl.
Friday, May 25
- Shelby and Lisa Wendland, Lawrence, a girl.
- Morgan and Misti Carmichael, Perry, a boy.
- Jennifer and Justin Hodge, Lawrence, a girl.
- Pastor Dan and Liezl Nicholson, Lawrence, a boy.
Thursday, May 24
- Dustin Vantuyl and Raven Liby, Perry, a boy.
- Danny and Lori Vantuyl, Lawrence, a boy.
- Nicole Washburn and Jesse Riley, Lawrence, a boy.
Wednesday, May 23
- Timea Talata-Spreitzer and Zsolt Talata, Lawrence, a boy.
- Bryan and Heather Anderson, Lawrence, a girl.
- Nick Schmidt and Linsey Moddelmog, Lawrence, a boy.
Tuesday, May 22
- Mike and Melissa Campbell, Lawrence, a girl.
- Drew and Kristi Heintzelman, Lawrence, a girl.
- Lisa and Alan Potter, Lawrence, a boy.
Monday, May 21
- Lyn and Pascal Deboeck, Lawrence, a boy.
- Lea D. Stockberger, Lawrence, a boy.
- Jesse and Lisa Brown, Baldwin City, a girl.
Sunday, May 20
- Amber and Bryan Miller, Lawrence, a boy.
- Eric and Alissa Dahlquist, Lawrence, a girl.
Saturday, May 19
- Teri Weaver and George Donner, Lawrence, a boy.
Thursday, May 17
- Kayla Campbell and Mark Graff Jr., Lawrence, a boy.
Friday, May 18
- Kaelyn and Shane McCall, Lawrence, a boy.
- Sergio and Sarah Cutright, Lawrence, a girl.
- Noura Ahmed, Lawrence, a boy.
Thursday, May 17
- Katie and Branner Gordon, Baldwin City, a girl.
- Kristin Kennedy and Nathaniel Demby, Lawrence, a girl.
Wednesday, May 16
- Kurtis Carlyle and Ashley Jellison, Pauline, a girl.
Tuesday, May 15
- Todd and Sarah Blettner, Lecompton, a boy.
- Sarah Bloxsom and James Noonan, Lawrence, a boy.
Monday, May 14
- Christina Briggs, Lawrence, a boy.
- Daniel and Tonya Forbis, Quenemo, a boy.
- Brett and Jill Spader, Carbondale, a girl.
Friday, May 11
- Michael and Kelli Pfeifer, Lawrence, a boy.
- Katherine Stilley and Toby Brouhard, Topeka, a boy.
Thursday, May 10
- Kelsey and A.J. Henry, Lawrence, a boy.
- Nina Starr, Lawrence, a girl.
- Sean Robertson and Chelsea Fowler, Lawrence, a girl.
- Burton and Natalie Gepford, Lawrence, a girl.
Wednesday, May 9
- Tom and Addie Wagner, Lawrence, a boy.
- Heather and Brian Long, Ottawa, a boy.
Tuesday, May 8
- Robert and Melissa Cannon, Lawrence, a girl.
- Derek Dozier and Chelsea Wittry, Lawrence, a girl.
- Michael Luer and Sarah Swain, Lawrence, a girl.
Friday, May 4
- Kale and Maegan Easter, De Soto, a girl.
Saturday, May 5
- Rawley and Sarah Stanhope, The Colony, Texas, a girl.
- Brenda Slankard, Ottawa, a boy.
Friday, May 4
- Tiffany and Alberto Picazo, Lawrence, a girl.
Thursday, May 3
- Frank Smutniak and Susan Cross, Lawrence, a girl.
- Scott and Heather Souther, Lawrence, a boy.
Tuesday, May 1
- Nate and Emily Jamison, Lawrence, a girl.
- April Courter, Lawrence, a boy.
The Law Office of David J. Brown, LC 785-842-0777
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- Eight city players on All-Sunflower baseball team May 24, 2016
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- KU professor who said N-word in class will lose job at university May 23, 2016
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text:
2004 Renault grand espace 3.0 dci initialePortadown £2,500.00
Stay Safe
- "Meet face to face, never send payment for items you've not seen"
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Read all safety tips 1 of 9
- Posted
- 794 days ago
- Make
- Renault
- Model
- grand espace
- Year
- 2004
- Mileage
- 88500
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- Private
- Body type
- Fuel type
- Diesel
- Transmission
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- 3000
Mint top of the range Renault grand espace 3.0 dci initiale 7 seater, full years mot, pearl metallic paint, full leather alacanta trim, heated/ electric seats, panoramic sunroof, auto lights and wipers, auto, built in satnav, built in high end stereo with remote control, electric everything. Mint condition inside and out. The 3.0 dci initiale is in a different league than other other Renault grand espace,s . First person to see will buy. No text phone calls only.
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Bernie Sanders Makes Hay With His Old-School Oratory Skills
Look at the Lobbyists Clinton and Wasserman Schultz Picked to Write the Democratic Party's Platform
Reinstated Lawsuit Could Bankrupt Bank of America and Other Major Banks
Rumors of a Coup Against DNC Chair Debbie Wasserman Schultz Circulate on Capitol Hill
The Desperate Plight of Petrostates
By Dennis O'Driscoll $21.12
Katrina Alcorn $16.00
In the documentary "Budrus," Palestinians of all stripes and Israelis work together to save a village from Israel's security barrier.
By Mr. Fish
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Kutch industry body seeks reopening of Kandla airportThe Federation of Kutch Industries Association (FOKIA) submitted a memorandum to Union Minister for Civil Aviation Ashok Gajapathi Raju in New Delhi on Tuesday, seeking restoration of air connectivi... Business Line, 4 weeks ago
Gujarat urges Aviation Minister to connect Kandla to Delhi, Mumbai by air - DeshGujarat, 1 week ago
Gujarat urges Aviation Minister Ashok Gajapathi Raju to connect Kandla to Delhi, Mumbai by air - Economic Times, 1 week ago
2 images for "federation of aviation association"
Press Release - FAA, NATCA ANNOUNCE TENTATIVE AGREEMENT ON NEW COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AGREEMENT
WASHINGTON The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and its largest union, the National Air Traffic Controllers Association, AFL-CIO (NATCA) announced today they have reached a tentative agreement on a new collective bargaining agreement (CBA) ...Aviation.ca, 10 hours ago FAA, NATCA Announce Tentative Agreement on New Collective Bargaining Agreement Travel and Tour World, 8 hours ago
Aviation Reform: FG must emphasise job creation
Mr Isaac Balami, National President, National Association of Aircraft Pilots and Engineers (NAAPE), has urged the Federal Government to make job creation in aviation industry a priority in re-establishing a national carrier. Balami, in an ...TheHeraldng, 1 week ago
More from: Uncova, Newsroom.ng...and 2 other sources
Aviation Union Urges FG To Rehabilitate Lagos Airport Taxiway
The Nigerian Air Traffic Controllers Association (NATCA) has urged the Federal Government to urgently rehabilitate the Central Taxiway of the Murtala Muhammed International Airport, Lagos. NATCA's President, Mr Victor Eyaru, told the News Agency of ...Newsroom.ng, 2 weeks ago
FAA Creates Drone Advisory Panel, Lifts Barrier to Education
The Federal Aviation Administration is establishing a broad-based advisory committee to provide advice on key unmanned aircraft integration issues. Also, under a new policy, the FAA will also make it easier for students to fly unmanned aircraft ...Insurance Journal, 2 days ago FAA Clarifies Educational Use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems Lexology, 1 week ago Is It Time to Register Your Drone? Deutsch Kerrigan, 5 days ago HYA: No Drone Zone AviationPros.com, 5 days ago
Garmin International Inc., a unit of Garmin Ltd., announced the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has issued Type Inspection Authorization (TIA) for the G5000 integrated flight deck on the Beechjet 400A and Hawker 400XP aircraft. TIA initiates ...BART International, 2 days ago Final Stages of Flight Deck Certification for the Garmin G5000 SpatialNews, 1 day ago Garmin® G5000 integrated flight deck enters final stages of certification on the Beechjet 400A and Hawker 400XP Benzinga.com, 2 days ago Garmin ® G5000 integrated flight deck enters final stages of certification on the Beechjet 400A and Hawker 400XP Stockwatch, 2 days ago
German doctors blast Lufthansa over 2015 Germanwings crash
AFP /Berlin The head of Germany's doctors association has lashed out at both Lufthansa and aviation regulators for failing to prevent last year's Germanwings crash by allowing a pilot who suffered from severe depression to fly. Andreas Lubitz ...Gulf Times, 3 days ago German doctors blasts Lufthansa over Germanwings crash Deccan Chronicle, 5 days ago German doctors slams Lufthansa for failing to prevent Germanwings crash Malay Mail, 5 days ago
Global Pilots on missing Egyptair flight MS804
The International Federation of Air Line Pilots Associations (IFALPA) is closely monitoring the developments related to the disappearance of Egyptair flight MS 804, an Airbus A320 en-route from Paris (CDG) to Cairo (CAI). The International ...BioSpace, 6 days ago
Three Dreamliners affected due to FAA directive: Air India
According to the Federal Aviation Administration's Airworthiness Directive (AD), this AD requires revising the airplane flight manual (AFM) to provide the flight crew a revised fan ice removal procedure and a new associated mandatory flight crew briefing to ...Money Today, 1 month ago
Nat'l Ag Aviation Assn Applauds Passage Of The Zika Vector Control Act
Source: National Agricultural Aviation Association news release The House of Representatives today passed H.R. 897, the Zika Vector Control Act, giving professional, small aerial application businesses the confidence they need to combat ...Agri Marketing, 11 hours ago
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With Sunday's announcement of Markel Smith (St. Louis/St. John Vianney) decommitting from Missouri, the Tigers were left without a running back in this class -- at least for now.
Sights and sounds: The Opening Oakland
23hErik McKinney
Scout's Take: WR Montrell Estell to Texas
2dTom Luginbill
Scout's Take: OT Austin Deculus to LSU
2dCraig Haubert
Weekly Commitment Roundup
Here come the Huskies on the recruiting trail
5dErik McKinney
No. 2 WR Joseph Lewis has official visits in mind
6dErik McKinney
Jim McElwain impressing Alabama commitment
6dGerry Hamilton
Breaking down SEC West defensive back recruiting
6dDerek Tyson
Breaking down SEC East secondary recruiting
How Oklahoma capitalized for great start to 2017 recruiting
6dJeremy Crabtree
Early Commit: QB Phil Jurkovec to Notre Dame
7dGerry Hamilton
Florida's biggest recruiting priorities this spring
7dTom Luginbill
Weekly Commitment Roundup
ESPN 300 LB Maleik Gray names his top three
12dTom VanHaaren
Coach clarifies Mizzou decommit's status
- comment


text:
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The Cleveland Museum of Art presents Staff Art Show 2012 that displays 49 works made by museum staff members. Curated by the director of the Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, the exhibition features works of art in a variety of media including painting, photography, drawing and sculpture.
The Thinker: A CMA Blog
five things happening this week Education treasures of heaven Gauguin #get2knowcaravaggio Cleveland guest artists Contemporary Art Exhibition behind the scenes Events community arts podcast music Special Exhibition curator performing arts playlists wari Parade the Circle textiles The Cleveland Museum of Art birthday university circle museum visitors Video conservation international art exhibitions African Art Photography interview this week at cma senufo Collection Caravaggio film Paul Gauguin: Paris


text: Join Intek Systems in Kersey, PA for a one-day event to showcase the quality automation products that Intek and its partners have to offer. More than 15 manufacturers will be there to demonstrate the latest innovations in automation technology, including collaborative robots, machine safety, energy saving solutions and more. The day will also include mini sessions by several manufacturers on their latest technology solutions to improve your processes.


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The 10 Greatest Conspiracies of All TimeIt's an irresistible combination: Brad Meltzer, a born storyteller, counting down the world's most intriguing unsolved mysteries. And to make this richly illustrated book even richer, each chapter invites the reader along for an interactive experience through the addition of removable facsimile documents—the evidence! It's a treasure trove for conspiracy buffs, a Griffin and Sabine for history
Puzzling And Improbable Questions And AnswersIs it true that elephants are afraid of mice?How much gold does the United States store in Fort Knox?Why do I get a headache when I eat ice cream too fast?How did the "seventh inning stretch" originate?As the official webmaster for Xerox, Bill McLain was surprised by the kinds of questions he was receiving, like whether people born blind can see in their dreams and why rabbits are associated with
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The Writer's Guide to Using Brain Science to Hook Readers from the Very First SentenceThis guide reveals how writers can utilize cognitive storytelling strategies to craft stories that ignite readers' brains and captivate them through each plot element. Imagine knowing what the brain craves from every tale it encounters, what fuels the success of any great story, and what keeps readers transfixed. Wired for Story reveals these cognitive secrets—and it's a game-changer for anyone
Reglas indispensables de buenas maneras y etiquetaUna guía práctica con trucos y consejos para organizar distintos tipos de eventos, incluye ilustraciones que explican paso a paso lo que usted debe saber sobre el arte de recibir y todos los secretos para lograr una mesa perfecta. Descubra cómo ser el mejor anfitrión en reuniones sociales y de negocios, deslumbre a sus invitados y disfrute de encuentros inolvidables.
Sportswriting in the Digital AgeThe web is revolutionizing sportswriting, with beat writers now expected to constantly tweet, offer in-game analysis, write blog posts and file game stories for various editions. Jason Fry, columnist for Indiana University's National Sports Journalism Center, has collected 19 of his best essays in an ebook that offers a wealth of practical advice for sportswriters in the digital age.Fry, a 12-year
Elements of Fiction Writing - Characters & Viewpoint: Proven advice and timeless techniques for creating compelling characters by an award-winning author
Proven advice and timeless techniques for creating compelling characters by an award-winning authorVivid and memorable characters aren't born: they have to be made This book is a set of tools: literary crowbars, chisels, mallets, pliers and tongs. Use them to pry, chip, yank and sift good characters out of the place where they live in your imagination. Award-winning author Orson Scott Card explains in depth the techniques of inventing, developing and presenting characters, plus handling
Leadership and Training for the Fight
Using Special Operations Principles to Succeed in Law Enforcement, Business, and WarIn Leadership and Training for the Fight, MSG Paul R. Howe, U.S. Army Retired, shares ideas on leadership that he has developed through extensive combat experience. Howe tells riveting stories of military operations and analyzes leadership concepts. He also gives advice on how to understand students and how to refine your teaching methods. Written with the unique insight of a Special Operations
How to Write Fiction Sales CopyUSA Today bestselling author and former publisher Dean Wesley Smith knows how to navigate the complicated world of publishing. And now, he shares his experience to help writers tackle the most challenging writing of all: Fiction Sales Copy. In this WMG Writer's Guide, Dean addresses the major challenges that lead to bad sales copy—including using passive voice and too much plot—and offers 32
$4.72Point of view isn't merely another writing craft technique. Point of view is the foundation upon which all other elements of the writing craft stand—or fall. It's the opinions and judgments that color everything the reader believes about the world and the story. It's the voice of the character that becomes as familiar to the reader as their own. It's what makes the story real, believable, and
Showing and Telling in FictionYou've heard the advice "show, don't tell" until you can't stand to hear it anymore. Yet fiction writers of all levels still seem to struggle with it. There are three reasons for this. The first is that this isn't an absolute rule. Telling isn't always wrong. The second is that we lack a clear way of understanding the difference between showing and telling. The third is that we're told "show, don
The Negative Trait Thesaurus: A Writer's Guide to Character FlawsCrafting likable, interesting characters is a balancing act, and finding that perfect mix of strengths and weaknesses can be difficult. Not only does a well-drawn protagonist need positive attributes to help him succeed, he must also have flaws that humanize him and give him something to overcome. The same is true of villains and the rest of the story's supporting cast. So how can writers figure


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Give millennials a reason to stay - The benefits that can help you retain young talentNovember 2, 2015
Job-changing is fast and furious in the early years of millennials' careers: Young adults born in the early '80s …Sponsored By Aflac
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Fiction » Historical » General
The Baleful Terran Eyes by adchuch
Price: Free! Words: 510. Language: English. Published: May 22, 2016. Categories: Fiction » Historical » General
A man is in a hospital recovering from his time in war.
1984 La Gran Movida ¿Tenía razón George Orwell o no? (2ª Edición) by Pedro Hugo García Peláez
Price: Free! Words: 1,880. Language: Spanish. Published: April 9, 2016. Categories: Fiction » Historical » General, Fiction » Themes & motifs » Political
Cuento satírico de política e historia alternativa. ¿Qué pasó realmente en 1984? ¿Tenía razón George Orwell?
The Motherland Is Calling by Katriona Furey
Price: $0.99 USD. Words: 3,720. Language: English. Published: April 7, 2016 by VDS Brink. Categories: Fiction » Historical » General
Young Valentin is called to fight against the Nazi invasion force in the U.S.S.R. He is driven by hate for the enemy because of an atrocity against a child. As a hero, he returns to the girl he has not forgotten since his departure for the harrowing experience of war.
The Path of Tears by Max Nichols
Price: Free! Words: 840. Language: American English. Published: March 29, 2016. Categories: Fiction » Historical » General, Fiction » Young adult or teen » Historical(5.00 from 1 review)
A short story I wrote for the Patrick Henry A Call to Pens Writing Contest.
The Hero by Nona Lema
Price: $0.99 USD. Words: 3,010. Language: English. Published: March 27, 2016. Categories: Fiction » Historical » General, Fiction » Adventure » War & military(5.00 from 1 review)
Artemio Mirasol was born in the village of Sapang Banatas, Laiban, Tanay, Philippines in 1945 towards the end of the Second World War. After 32 years he comes back to tend the land he inherited from his father. According to Artemio's mother Sela, his father fought hard in the war and died a hero's death. A story of mother's love, family, traitorship and betrayal.
The Bastion by Max Rudd
Price: Free! Words: 870. Language: British English. Published: March 14, 2016. Categories: Fiction » Themes & motifs » Family sagas, Fiction » Historical » General(5.00 from 1 review)
The sole descendant of a family line muses over the ignominious past of his ancestors.
De kronieken van Edraa 1 :een opweg naar de oorlog by Sam Van Tongelen
Price: $0.99 USD. Words: 9,220. Language: Dutch. Published: February 18, 2016. Categories: Fiction » Fantasy » Historical, Fiction » Historical » General
Mijn eerste "volledige" boek. het is "maar" eenentwintig pagina's (A4) en verteld het verhaal hoe de wereld die hier Edraa wordt genoemd in een wereldoorlog valt. Het boek stopt net op de moment dat deze oorlog gaat beginnen. In het volgende deel gaat de oorlog beginnen.
La isla de Jan Mayen by Alexander Copperwhite
Price: Free! Words: 12,600. Language: Spanish. Published: December 26, 2015. Categories: Fiction » Historical » General, Fiction » Adventure » Action
Relato corto de ficción histórica mezclada con misterio y suspense. Ideal para leer durante trayectos cortos en el transporte público o entre lecturas de textos más largos. Un U-boat esquiva icebergs mientras se dirige al norte. Su misión es tan peligrosa y secreta, que nadie conoce su existencia. Ni siquiera el alto mando Alemán, porque en realidad... han desertado.
Priča o četiri imena by Iam Betterman
You set the price! Words: 7,550. Language: Serbian. Published: December 19, 2015. Categories: Fiction » Historical » General, Nonfiction » Biography » Autobiographies & Memoirs
Fictional take on actual events spanning over 24 years. Sort of introduction to the many different layers of the true story.
Hope in the Heart of Winter by Rebecca S. Buck
Price: $0.99 USD. Words: 8,610. Language: English. Published: December 14, 2015 by Bold Strokes Books. Categories: Fiction » Gay & lesbian fiction » Lesbian, Fiction » Historical » General
In 1927, Evadne Burns invites her closest school friends to join her for a weekend reunion at her grand home, Winter Manor. The passing of time and the dark shadow of the First World War has shaped them all as women, yet their friendships remain strong. The tragedy of the era has only made them more determined to live their lives to the full.
A Season to Forgive by Linda Swift
Price: $0.99 USD. Words: 17,040. Language: English. Published: November 19, 2015 by Publishing by Rebecca J. Vickery. Categories: Fiction » Historical » General, Fiction » Romance » Historical
Ben Taylor converts a mansion into a school for freedmen, but his plans go awry.
Refuge by Michelle Fecio
Price: Free! Words: 2,270. Language: English. Published: October 7, 2015. Categories: Fiction » Historical » General, Fiction » Literature » War(4.00 from 1 review)
In a time of war, where can one find solace? When everything has been taken away, what does one have left? One man on a train discovers his own answers to these questions as he flees from the horrors of Nazi Germany.
Night Rescue by Zach Neal
Price: Free! Words: 6,570. Language: English. Published: September 21, 2015. Categories: Fiction » Historical » General, Fiction » Romance » Action/adventure
Nathan Wyatt is flying the nightly mail from Chicago to Cheyenne when he has to make an emergency landing. Looking for a phone, he walks to the nearest farmhouse. Jenny Johnson is a beautiful woman, one who bears a terrible burden. Isolated and alone, a captive in her own home, only he can help her. After some thought, he has the perfect plan.
Libya, 1911 by Zach Neal
Price: Free! Words: 13,010. Language: English. Published: September 12, 2015. Categories: Fiction » Historical » General, Fiction » Adventure » War & military
Lieutenant Giulio Gavroti has just made the first bombing attack in history. The Etrich-Taube is the ultimate in modern technology. All things considered, Army and civil authorities are bringing great social progress to illiterate tribesmen. How did he end up in the arms of a mysterious, beautiful American woman? There's something just a bit different about Mrs. Alice Saunders.
Morning Patrol by Zach Neal
Price: $0.99 USD. Words: 5,750. Language: English. Published: August 27, 2015. Categories: Fiction » Adventure » War & military, Fiction » Historical » General(4.00 from 2 reviews)
A German pilot accidentally lands on Rick's aerodrome, and there are only two ways he can play it. He can stick a gun in the idiot's face and take him prisoner—earning a mention in dispatches for his trouble. Or, he can go hog-wild and pull the prank of a lifetime on good old Fritzie.
A Wider Stream - A Prequel to Beltane by Christine Malec
Price: Free! Words: 2,760. Language: English. Published: August 18, 2015. Categories: Fiction » Historical » General, Fiction » Children's books » Short Stories
In 16th century France, physical courage is not on the list of skills deemed appropriate for a young noblewoman's education, and Margarete cannot understand why she is consistently encouraged to cultivate it. Her teacher is an uncommon woman who knows well its value. the means by which young Margarete begins to learn self-possession, and to first glim
Simon the Wise by Lake Larsen
Price: $0.99 USD. Words: 15,510. Language: English. Published: August 14, 2015. Categories: Fiction » Inspirational, Fiction » Historical » General
Around a campfire one hundred years in the future, a grandfather tells two young boys about the legendary Simon the Wise, a man with a special handicap that allowed him to instigate a cultural revolution.
Hamelin by Eric Marcelo
Price: Free! Words: 7,140. Language: English. Published: July 28, 2015. Categories: Fiction » Historical » General
Tourists from all around have come to Hamelin to celebrate the 700th anniversary of the story that made her famous, The Pied Piper of Hamelin. Emiline encounters a man whom she believes is an actor hired by the mayor for the festival. All is not as it seems, however, as Emiline makes a discovery that fills her with fear. Who is this man and why has he come to Hamelin?
The Death of Helena by Steven Moore
Price: Free! Words: 4,490. Language: English. Published: June 25, 2015. Categories: Fiction » Historical » General(5.00 from 1 review)
Imagine being dragged from your bed in the darkest, coldest hours of the night, and taken to a place you believed only existed in nightmares.
Bataille à Cherbourg by Bruno Robert des Douets
Series: Normandie légendaire - histoires courtes, Book 43. Price: $0.99 USD. Words: 7,830. Language: French. Published: June 16, 2015. Categories: Fiction » Historical » General
En ce dimanche où l'on devait fêter la Sainte Trinité, la journée s'annonçait printanière à Cherbourg et l'humeur aurait été plutôt festive en raison de la fête patronale, en ce 1er juin, s'il n'y avait eu, les jours précédents, bataille à Barfleur...
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text:
|English for Beginners Practical English Travel English Telephone English Banking English Accounting English Dictionary
|Audio English.org » Dictionary » C » Confab ... Confiscation
|Pronunciation (US):
Dictionary entry overview: What does conference call mean?
• CONFERENCE CALL (noun)
The noun CONFERENCE CALL has 1 sense:
1. a telephone call in which more than two people participate
Familiarity information: CONFERENCE CALL used as a noun is very rare.
Dictionary entry details
|Sense 1
|conference call [BACK TO TOP]
A telephone call in which more than two people participate
Classified under:
Nouns denoting communicative processes and contents
Hypernyms ("conference call" is a kind of...):
call; phone call; telephone call (a telephone connection)
Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "conference call"):
three-way calling (a way of adding a third party to your conversation without the assistance of a telephone operator)
|Learn English with... Proverbs of the week
|Related FAQs:


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Blogs Liberty and Power Happy Birthday, George Bradshaw!Jul 29, 2007 7:32 pm
Happy Birthday, George Bradshaw!
Best known as a compiler of railway guides, George Bradshaw (1801-1853) was also an activist for peace. I invite readers to celebrate the anniversary of his birthday today."When he was a young man Bradshaw joined the Society of Friends, and was active with Richard Cobden and other Quakers and radicals in holding peace conferences, in the attempts to establish an ocean penny postage, and in other philanthropic labours. He was largely responsible for organizing 'Friends of Peace' congresses in Brussels (1848), Paris (1849), and Frankfurt (1850). Part of his time he devoted to the establishment of schools for the poor." And while you are on the website of the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, visit the reading room and browse many entries and other essays for free.
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