text:
pypy / pypy / doc / cppyy.rst
1d560d5 e1487d1 1d560d5 a90daea 1d560d5 a90daea 1d560d5 a90daea 1d560d5 0bbb168 a90daea 0bbb168 a90daea 0bbb168 1d560d5 a90daea 5e8d21a a90daea 5e8d21a a90daea 1d560d5 a90daea 1d560d5 56c7151 1d560d5 16bd098 0fe630f 2920113 a90daea 1d560d5 e1487d1 1d560d5 0fe630f 1d560d5 a90daea 0fe630f 1d560d5 a90daea 1d560d5 e1487d1 1d560d5 e1487d1 1d560d5 1e46999 1d560d5 a90daea 1d560d5 2838494 1d560d5 e1487d1 5f515c2 d407fbf 5f515c2 c1ecf89 5f515c2 a90daea 5f515c2 e286c17 d407fbf e286c17 5f515c2 e286c17 c1ecf89 e286c17 1e46999 e286c17 a90daea e286c17 0bbb168 e286c17 5f515c2 e286c17 e1487d1 d407fbf a90daea d407fbf 169eb17 e1487d1 d407fbf e1487d1 d407fbf e1487d1 d407fbf e1487d1 d407fbf e1487d1 d407fbf e1487d1 d407fbf e1487d1 d407fbf e1487d1 e286c17 e1487d1 d407fbf e1487d1 16bd098 d407fbf 16bd098 e1487d1 0bbb168 e1487d1 ac83f51 e1487d1 d407fbf e1487d1 d407fbf e1487d1 d407fbf e1487d1 ac83f51 e1487d1 0191b34 e1487d1 ac83f51 e1487d1 d407fbf e1487d1 d407fbf e1487d1 d407fbf ac83f51 e1487d1 d407fbf e1487d1 a90daea 1e46999 e1487d1 ac83f51 e693144 1e46999 5f515c2 1e46999 d407fbf 1e46999 d407fbf 1e46999 5f515c2 1e46999 5f515c2 1e46999 5f515c2 a90daea 1e46999 d407fbf 1e46999 d407fbf 1e46999 e693144 a90daea e693144 a90daea e693144 a90daea e693144 a90daea e693144 e1487d1 5f515c2 e1487d1 442a3ea e1487d1 442a3ea e1487d1 442a3ea e1487d1 442a3ea e1487d1 442a3ea 7022f51
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867
cppyy: C++ bindings for PyPy
The cppyy module creates, at run-time, Python-side classes and functions for
C++, by querying a C++ reflection system.
The default system used is `Reflex`_, which extracts the needed information
from C++ header files.
Another current backend is based on `CINT`_, and yet another, more important
one for the medium- to long-term will be based on `cling`_.
The latter sits on top of `llvm`_'s `clang`_, and will therefore allow the use
of C++11.
The work on the cling backend has so far been done only for CPython, but
bringing it to PyPy is a lot less work than developing it in the first place.
.. _`Reflex`: http://root.cern.ch/drupal/content/reflex
.. _`CINT`: http://root.cern.ch/drupal/content/cint
.. _`cling`: http://root.cern.ch/drupal/content/cling
.. _`llvm`: http://llvm.org/
.. _`clang`: http://clang.llvm.org/
This document describes the version of cppyy that lives in the main branch of
The development of cppyy happens in the "reflex-support" branch.
To provide bindings to another language in CPython, you program to a
generic C-API that exposes many of the interpreter features.
With PyPy, however, there is no such generic C-API, because several of the
interpreter features (e.g. the memory model) are pluggable and therefore
subject to change.
Furthermore, a generic API does not allow any assumptions about the calls
into another language, forcing the JIT to behave conservatively around these
calls and with the objects that cross language boundaries.
In contrast, cppyy does not expose an API, but expects one to be implemented
by a backend.
It makes strong assumptions about the semantics of the API that it uses and
that in turn allows the JIT to make equally strong assumptions.
This is possible, because the expected API is only for providing C++ language
bindings, and does not provide generic programmability.
The cppyy module further offers two features, which result in improved
performance as well as better functionality and cross-language integration.
First, cppyy itself is written in RPython and therefore open to optimizations
by the JIT up until the actual point of call into C++.
This means for example, that if variables are already unboxed by the JIT, they
can be passed through directly to C++.
Second, a backend such as Reflex (and cling far more so) adds dynamic features
to C++, thus greatly reducing impedance mismatches between the two languages.
For example, Reflex is dynamic enough to allow writing runtime bindings
generation in python (as opposed to RPython) and this is used to create very
natural "pythonizations" of the bound code.
As another example, cling allows automatic instantiations of templates.
See this description of the `cppyy architecture`_ for further details.
.. _`cppyy architecture`: http://morepypy.blogspot.com/2012/06/architecture-of-cppyy.html
There are two ways of using cppyy, and the choice depends on how pypy-c was
built: the backend can be builtin, or dynamically loadable.
The former has the disadvantage of requiring pypy-c to be linked with external
C++ libraries (e.g. libReflex.so), but has the advantage of being faster in
some cases.
That advantage will disappear over time, however, with improvements in the
Therefore, this document assumes that the dynamically loadable backend is
chosen (it is, by default).
See the `backend documentation`_.
.. _`backend documentation`: cppyy_backend.html
A standalone version of Reflex that also provides the dynamically loadable
backend is available for `download`_.
That version, as well as any other distribution of Reflex (e.g. the one that
comes with `ROOT`_, which may be part of your Linux distribution as part of
the selection of scientific software) will also work for a build with the
builtin backend.
.. _`download`: http://cern.ch/wlav/reflex-2013-04-23.tar.bz2
.. _`ROOT`: http://root.cern.ch/
Besides Reflex, you probably need a version of `gccxml`_ installed, which is
most easily provided by the packager of your system.
If you read up on gccxml, you will probably notice that it is no longer being
developed and hence will not provide C++11 support.
That's why the medium term plan is to move to cling.
Note that gccxml is only needed to generate reflection libraries.
It is not needed to use them.
.. _`gccxml`: http://www.gccxml.org
To install the standalone version of Reflex, after download::
$ tar jxf reflex-2013-04-23.tar.bz2
$ cd reflex-2013-04-23
$ ./build/autogen
$ ./configure <usual set of options such as --prefix>
$ make && make install
The usual rules apply: <prefix>/bin needs to be added to the ``PATH`` and
<prefix>/lib to the ``LD_LIBRARY_PATH`` environment variable.
For convenience, this document will assume that there is a ``REFLEXHOME``
variable that points to <prefix>.
If you downloaded or built the whole of ROOT, ``REFLEXHOME`` should be equal
to ``ROOTSYS``.
The following is optional, and is only to show how pypy-c can be build
`from source`_, for example to get at the main development branch of cppyy.
The `backend documentation`_ has more details on the backend-specific
Then run the translation to build ``pypy-c``::
$ hg clone https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy
$ cd pypy
$ hg up reflex-support # optional
# This example shows python, but using pypy-c is faster and uses less memory
$ python rpython/translator/goal/translate.py --opt=jit pypy/goal/targetpypystandalone --withmod-cppyy
This will build a ``pypy-c`` that includes the cppyy module, and through that,
Reflex support.
Of course, if you already have a pre-built version of the ``pypy`` interpreter,
you can use that for the translation rather than ``python``.
If not, you may want `to obtain a binary distribution`_ to speed up the
translation step.
.. _`from source`: https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/overview
.. _`to obtain a binary distribution`: http://doc.pypy.org/en/latest/getting-started.html#download-a-pre-built-pypy
Basic bindings example
Now test with a trivial example whether all packages are properly installed
and functional.
First, create a C++ header file with some class in it (note that all functions
are made inline for convenience; a real-world example would of course have a
corresponding source file)::
$ cat MyClass.h
class MyClass {
MyClass(int i = -99) : m_myint(i) {}
int GetMyInt() { return m_myint; }
void SetMyInt(int i) { m_myint = i; }
int m_myint;
Then, generate the bindings using ``genreflex`` (part of ROOT), and compile the
$ genreflex MyClass.h
$ g++ -fPIC -rdynamic -O2 -shared -I$REFLEXHOME/include MyClass_rflx.cpp -o libMyClassDict.so -L$REFLEXHOME/lib -lReflex
Next, make sure that the library can be found through the dynamic lookup path
(the ``LD_LIBRARY_PATH`` environment variable on Linux, ``PATH`` on Windows),
for example by adding ".".
Now you're ready to use the bindings.
Since the bindings are designed to look pythonistic, it should be
$ pypy-c
>>>> import cppyy
>>>> cppyy.load_reflection_info("libMyClassDict.so")
<CPPLibrary object at 0xb6fd7c4c>
>>>> myinst = cppyy.gbl.MyClass(42)
>>>> print myinst.GetMyInt()
>>>> myinst.SetMyInt(33)
>>>> print myinst.m_myint
>>>> myinst.m_myint = 77
>>>> print myinst.GetMyInt()
>>>> help(cppyy.gbl.MyClass) # shows that normal python introspection works
That's all there is to it!
Automatic class loader
There is one big problem in the code above, that prevents its use in a (large
scale) production setting: the explicit loading of the reflection library.
Clearly, if explicit load statements such as these show up in code downstream
from the ``MyClass`` package, then that prevents the ``MyClass`` author from
repackaging or even simply renaming the dictionary library.
The solution is to make use of an automatic class loader, so that downstream
code never has to call ``load_reflection_info()`` directly.
The class loader makes use of so-called rootmap files, which ``genreflex``
can produce.
These files contain the list of available C++ classes and specify the library
that needs to be loaded for their use (as an aside, this listing allows for a
cross-check to see whether reflection info is generated for all classes that
you expect).
By convention, the rootmap files should be located next to the reflection info
libraries, so that they can be found through the normal shared library search
They can be concatenated together, or consist of a single rootmap file per
For example::
$ genreflex MyClass.h --rootmap=libMyClassDict.rootmap --rootmap-lib=libMyClassDict.so
$ g++ -fPIC -rdynamic -O2 -shared -I$REFLEXHOME/include MyClass_rflx.cpp -o libMyClassDict.so -L$REFLEXHOME/lib -lReflex
where the first option (``--rootmap``) specifies the output file name, and the
second option (``--rootmap-lib``) the name of the reflection library where
``MyClass`` will live.
It is necessary to provide that name explicitly, since it is only in the
separate linking step where this name is fixed.
If the second option is not given, the library is assumed to be libMyClass.so,
a name that is derived from the name of the header file.
With the rootmap file in place, the above example can be rerun without explicit
loading of the reflection info library::
$ pypy-c
>>>> import cppyy
>>>> myinst = cppyy.gbl.MyClass(42)
>>>> print myinst.GetMyInt()
>>>> # etc. ...
As a caveat, note that the class loader is currently limited to classes only.
Advanced example
The following snippet of C++ is very contrived, to allow showing that such
pathological code can be handled and to show how certain features play out in
$ cat MyAdvanced.h
#include <string>
class Base1 {
Base1(int i) : m_i(i) {}
virtual ~Base1() {}
int m_i;
class Base2 {
Base2(double d) : m_d(d) {}
virtual ~Base2() {}
double m_d;
class C;
class Derived : public virtual Base1, public virtual Base2 {
Derived(const std::string& name, int i, double d) : Base1(i), Base2(d), m_name(name) {}
virtual C* gimeC() { return (C*)0; }
std::string m_name;
Base2* BaseFactory(const std::string& name, int i, double d) {
return new Derived(name, i, d);
This code is still only in a header file, with all functions inline, for
convenience of the example.
If the implementations live in a separate source file or shared library, the
only change needed is to link those in when building the reflection library.
If you were to run ``genreflex`` like above in the basic example, you will
find that not all classes of interest will be reflected, nor will be the
global factory function.
In particular, ``std::string`` will be missing, since it is not defined in
this header file, but in a header file that is included.
In practical terms, general classes such as ``std::string`` should live in a
core reflection set, but for the moment assume we want to have it in the
reflection library that we are building for this example.
The ``genreflex`` script can be steered using a so-called `selection file`_,
which is a simple XML file specifying, either explicitly or by using a
pattern, which classes, variables, namespaces, etc. to select from the given
header file.
With the aid of a selection file, a large project can be easily managed:
simply ``#include`` all relevant headers into a single header file that is
handed to ``genreflex``.
In fact, if you hand multiple header files to ``genreflex``, then a selection
file is almost obligatory: without it, only classes from the last header will
be selected.
Then, apply a selection file to pick up all the relevant classes.
For our purposes, the following rather straightforward selection will do
(the name ``lcgdict`` for the root is historical, but required)::
$ cat MyAdvanced.xml
<class pattern="Base?" />
<class name="Derived" />
<class name="std::string" />
<function name="BaseFactory" />
.. _`selection file`: http://root.cern.ch/drupal/content/generating-reflex-dictionaries
Now the reflection info can be generated and compiled::
$ genreflex MyAdvanced.h --selection=MyAdvanced.xml
$ g++ -fPIC -rdynamic -O2 -shared -I$REFLEXHOME/include MyAdvanced_rflx.cpp -o libAdvExDict.so -L$REFLEXHOME/lib -lReflex
and subsequently be used from PyPy::
>>>> import cppyy
>>>> cppyy.load_reflection_info("libAdvExDict.so")
<CPPLibrary object at 0x00007fdb48fc8120>
>>>> d = cppyy.gbl.BaseFactory("name", 42, 3.14)
>>>> type(d)
<class '__main__.Derived'>
>>>> isinstance(d, cppyy.gbl.Base1)
>>>> isinstance(d, cppyy.gbl.Base2)
>>>> d.m_i, d.m_d
(42, 3.14)
>>>> d.m_name == "name"
Again, that's all there is to it!
A couple of things to note, though.
If you look back at the C++ definition of the ``BaseFactory`` function,
you will see that it declares the return type to be a ``Base2``, yet the
bindings return an object of the actual type ``Derived``?
This choice is made for a couple of reasons.
First, it makes method dispatching easier: if bound objects are always their
most derived type, then it is easy to calculate any offsets, if necessary.
Second, it makes memory management easier: the combination of the type and
the memory address uniquely identifies an object.
That way, it can be recycled and object identity can be maintained if it is
entered as a function argument into C++ and comes back to PyPy as a return
Last, but not least, casting is decidedly unpythonistic.
By always providing the most derived type known, casting becomes unnecessary.
For example, the data member of ``Base2`` is simply directly available.
Note also that the unreflected ``gimeC`` method of ``Derived`` does not
preclude its use.
It is only the ``gimeC`` method that is unusable as long as class ``C`` is
unknown to the system.
The following is not meant to be an exhaustive list, since cppyy is still
under active development.
Furthermore, the intention is that every feature is as natural as possible on
the python side, so if you find something missing in the list below, simply
try it out.
It is not always possible to provide exact mapping between python and C++
(active memory management is one such case), but by and large, if the use of a
feature does not strike you as obvious, it is more likely to simply be a bug.
That is a strong statement to make, but also a worthy goal.
For the C++ side of the examples, refer to this `example code`_, which was
bound using::
$ genreflex example.h --deep --rootmap=libexampleDict.rootmap --rootmap-lib=libexampleDict.so
$ g++ -fPIC -rdynamic -O2 -shared -I$REFLEXHOME/include example_rflx.cpp -o libexampleDict.so -L$REFLEXHOME/lib -lReflex
.. _`example code`: cppyy_example.html
* **abstract classes**: Are represented as python classes, since they are
needed to complete the inheritance hierarchies, but will raise an exception
if an attempt is made to instantiate from them.
>>>> from cppyy.gbl import AbstractClass, ConcreteClass
>>>> a = AbstractClass()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<console>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: cannot instantiate abstract class 'AbstractClass'
>>>> issubclass(ConcreteClass, AbstractClass)
>>>> c = ConcreteClass()
>>>> isinstance(c, AbstractClass)
* **arrays**: Supported for builtin data types only, as used from module
Out-of-bounds checking is limited to those cases where the size is known at
compile time (and hence part of the reflection info).
>>>> from cppyy.gbl import ConcreteClass
>>>> from array import array
>>>> c = ConcreteClass()
>>>> c.array_method(array('d', [1., 2., 3., 4.]), 4)
1 2 3 4
* **builtin data types**: Map onto the expected equivalent python types, with
the caveat that there may be size differences, and thus it is possible that
exceptions are raised if an overflow is detected.
* **casting**: Is supposed to be unnecessary.
Object pointer returns from functions provide the most derived class known
in the hierarchy of the object being returned.
This is important to preserve object identity as well as to make casting,
a pure C++ feature after all, superfluous.
>>>> from cppyy.gbl import AbstractClass, ConcreteClass
>>>> c = ConcreteClass()
>>>> ConcreteClass.show_autocast.__doc__
'AbstractClass* ConcreteClass::show_autocast()'
>>>> d = c.show_autocast()
>>>> type(d)
<class '__main__.ConcreteClass'>
However, if need be, you can perform C++-style reinterpret_casts (i.e.
without taking offsets into account), by taking and rebinding the address
of an object::
>>>> from cppyy import addressof, bind_object
>>>> e = bind_object(addressof(d), AbstractClass)
>>>> type(e)
<class '__main__.AbstractClass'>
* **classes and structs**: Get mapped onto python classes, where they can be
instantiated as expected.
If classes are inner classes or live in a namespace, their naming and
location will reflect that.
>>>> from cppyy.gbl import ConcreteClass, Namespace
>>>> ConcreteClass == Namespace.ConcreteClass
>>>> n = Namespace.ConcreteClass.NestedClass()
>>>> type(n)
<class '__main__.Namespace::ConcreteClass::NestedClass'>
* **data members**: Public data members are represented as python properties
and provide read and write access on instances as expected.
Private and protected data members are not accessible.
>>>> from cppyy.gbl import ConcreteClass
>>>> c = ConcreteClass()
>>>> c.m_int
* **default arguments**: C++ default arguments work as expected, but python
keywords are not supported.
It is technically possible to support keywords, but for the C++ interface,
the formal argument names have no meaning and are not considered part of the
API, hence it is not a good idea to use keywords.
>>>> from cppyy.gbl import ConcreteClass
>>>> c = ConcreteClass() # uses default argument
>>>> c.m_int
>>>> c = ConcreteClass(13)
>>>> c.m_int
* **doc strings**: The doc string of a method or function contains the C++
arguments and return types of all overloads of that name, as applicable.
>>>> from cppyy.gbl import ConcreteClass
>>>> print ConcreteClass.array_method.__doc__
void ConcreteClass::array_method(int*, int)
void ConcreteClass::array_method(double*, int)
* **enums**: Are translated as ints with no further checking.
* **functions**: Work as expected and live in their appropriate namespace
(which can be the global one, ``cppyy.gbl``).
* **inheritance**: All combinations of inheritance on the C++ (single,
multiple, virtual) are supported in the binding.
However, new python classes can only use single inheritance from a bound C++
Multiple inheritance would introduce two "this" pointers in the binding.
This is a current, not a fundamental, limitation.
The C++ side will not see any overridden methods on the python side, as
cross-inheritance is planned but not yet supported.
>>>> from cppyy.gbl import ConcreteClass
>>>> help(ConcreteClass)
Help on class ConcreteClass in module __main__:
class ConcreteClass(AbstractClass)
| Method resolution order:
| ConcreteClass
| AbstractClass
| cppyy.CPPObject
| __builtin__.CPPInstance
| __builtin__.object
| Methods defined here:
| ConcreteClass(self, *args)
| ConcreteClass::ConcreteClass(const ConcreteClass&)
| ConcreteClass::ConcreteClass(int)
| ConcreteClass::ConcreteClass()
etc. ....
* **memory**: C++ instances created by calling their constructor from python
are owned by python.
You can check/change the ownership with the _python_owns flag that every
bound instance carries.
>>>> from cppyy.gbl import ConcreteClass
>>>> c = ConcreteClass()
>>>> c._python_owns # True: object created in Python
* **methods**: Are represented as python methods and work as expected.
They are first class objects and can be bound to an instance.
Virtual C++ methods work as expected.
To select a specific virtual method, do like with normal python classes
that override methods: select it from the class that you need, rather than
calling the method on the instance.
To select a specific overload, use the __dispatch__ special function, which
takes the name of the desired method and its signature (which can be
obtained from the doc string) as arguments.
* **namespaces**: Are represented as python classes.
Namespaces are more open-ended than classes, so sometimes initial access may
result in updates as data and functions are looked up and constructed
Thus the result of ``dir()`` on a namespace shows the classes available,
even if they may not have been created yet.
It does not show classes that could potentially be loaded by the class
Once created, namespaces are registered as modules, to allow importing from
Namespace currently do not work with the class loader.
Fixing these bootstrap problems is on the TODO list.
The global namespace is ``cppyy.gbl``.
* **operator conversions**: If defined in the C++ class and a python
equivalent exists (i.e. all builtin integer and floating point types, as well
as ``bool``), it will map onto that python conversion.
Note that ``char*`` is mapped onto ``__str__``.
>>>> from cppyy.gbl import ConcreteClass
>>>> print ConcreteClass()
Hello operator const char*!
* **operator overloads**: If defined in the C++ class and if a python
equivalent is available (not always the case, think e.g. of ``operator||``),
then they work as expected.
Special care needs to be taken for global operator overloads in C++: first,
make sure that they are actually reflected, especially for the global
overloads for ``operator==`` and ``operator!=`` of STL vector iterators in
the case of gcc (note that they are not needed to iterator over a vector).
Second, make sure that reflection info is loaded in the proper order.
I.e. that these global overloads are available before use.
* **pointers**: For builtin data types, see arrays.
For objects, a pointer to an object and an object looks the same, unless
the pointer is a data member.
In that case, assigning to the data member will cause a copy of the pointer
and care should be taken about the object's life time.
If a pointer is a global variable, the C++ side can replace the underlying
object and the python side will immediately reflect that.
* **PyObject***: Arguments and return types of ``PyObject*`` can be used, and
passed on to CPython API calls.
Since these CPython-like objects need to be created and tracked (this all
happens through ``cpyext``) this interface is not particularly fast.
* **static data members**: Are represented as python property objects on the
class and the meta-class.
Both read and write access is as expected.
* **static methods**: Are represented as python's ``staticmethod`` objects
and can be called both from the class as well as from instances.
* **strings**: The std::string class is considered a builtin C++ type and
mixes quite well with python's str.
Python's str can be passed where a ``const char*`` is expected, and an str
will be returned if the return type is ``const char*``.
* **templated classes**: Are represented in a meta-class style in python.
This may look a little bit confusing, but conceptually is rather natural.
For example, given the class ``std::vector<int>``, the meta-class part would
be ``std.vector``.
Then, to get the instantiation on ``int``, do ``std.vector(int)`` and to
create an instance of that class, do ``std.vector(int)()``::
>>>> import cppyy
>>>> cppyy.load_reflection_info('libexampleDict.so')
>>>> cppyy.gbl.std.vector # template metatype
<cppyy.CppyyTemplateType object at 0x00007fcdd330f1a0>
>>>> cppyy.gbl.std.vector(int) # instantiates template -> class
<class '__main__.std::vector<int>'>
>>>> cppyy.gbl.std.vector(int)() # instantiates class -> object
<__main__.std::vector<int> object at 0x00007fe480ba4bc0>
Note that templates can be build up by handing actual types to the class
instantiation (as done in this vector example), or by passing in the list of
template arguments as a string.
The former is a lot easier to work with if you have template instantiations
using classes that themselves are templates in the arguments (think e.g a
vector of vectors).
All template classes must already exist in the loaded reflection info, they
do not work (yet) with the class loader.
For compatibility with other bindings generators, use of square brackets
instead of parenthesis to instantiate templates is supported as well.
* **templated functions**: Automatically participate in overloading and are
used in the same way as other global functions.
* **templated methods**: For now, require an explicit selection of the
template parameters.
This will be changed to allow them to participate in overloads as expected.
* **typedefs**: Are simple python references to the actual classes to which
they refer.
* **unary operators**: Are supported if a python equivalent exists, and if the
operator is defined in the C++ class.
You can always find more detailed examples and see the full of supported
features by looking at the tests in pypy/module/cppyy/test.
If a feature or reflection info is missing, this is supposed to be handled
In fact, there are unit tests explicitly for this purpose (even as their use
becomes less interesting over time, as the number of missing features
Only when a missing feature is used, should there be an exception.
For example, if no reflection info is available for a return type, then a
class that has a method with that return type can still be used.
Only that one specific method can not be used.
A bit of special care needs to be taken for the use of templates.
For a templated class to be completely available, it must be guaranteed that
said class is fully instantiated, and hence all executable C++ code is
generated and compiled in.
The easiest way to fulfill that guarantee is by explicit instantiation in the
header file that is handed to ``genreflex``.
The following example should make that clear::
$ cat MyTemplate.h
#include <vector>
class MyClass {
MyClass(int i = -99) : m_i(i) {}
MyClass(const MyClass& s) : m_i(s.m_i) {}
MyClass& operator=(const MyClass& s) { m_i = s.m_i; return *this; }
~MyClass() {}
int m_i;
#ifdef __GCCXML__
template class std::vector<MyClass>; // explicit instantiation
If you know for certain that all symbols will be linked in from other sources,
you can also declare the explicit template instantiation ``extern``.
An alternative is to add an object to an unnamed namespace::
namespace {
std::vector<MyClass> vmc;
} // unnamed namespace
Unfortunately, this is not always enough for gcc.
The iterators of vectors, if they are going to be used, need to be
instantiated as well, as do the comparison operators on those iterators, as
these live in an internal namespace, rather than in the iterator classes.
Note that you do NOT need this iterators to iterator over a vector.
You only need them if you plan to explicitly call e.g. ``begin`` and ``end``
methods, and do comparisons of iterators.
One way to handle this, is to deal with this once in a macro, then reuse that
macro for all ``vector`` classes.
Thus, the header above needs this (again protected with
``#ifdef __GCCXML__``), instead of just the explicit instantiation of the
#define STLTYPES_EXPLICIT_INSTANTIATION_DECL(STLTYPE, TTYPE) \
template class std::STLTYPE< TTYPE >; \
template class __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<TTYPE*, std::STLTYPE< TTYPE > >; \
template class __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const TTYPE*, std::STLTYPE< TTYPE > >;\
namespace __gnu_cxx { \
template bool operator==(const std::STLTYPE< TTYPE >::iterator&, \
const std::STLTYPE< TTYPE >::iterator&); \
template bool operator!=(const std::STLTYPE< TTYPE >::iterator&, \
const std::STLTYPE< TTYPE >::iterator&); \
STLTYPES_EXPLICIT_INSTANTIATION_DECL(vector, MyClass)
Then, still for gcc, the selection file needs to contain the full hierarchy as
well as the global overloads for comparisons for the iterators::
$ cat MyTemplate.xml
<class pattern="std::vector<*>" />
<class pattern="std::vector<*>::iterator" />
<function name="__gnu_cxx::operator=="/>
<function name="__gnu_cxx::operator!="/>
<class name="MyClass" />
Run the normal ``genreflex`` and compilation steps::
$ genreflex MyTemplate.h --selection=MyTemplate.xml
$ g++ -fPIC -rdynamic -O2 -shared -I$REFLEXHOME/include MyTemplate_rflx.cpp -o libTemplateDict.so -L$REFLEXHOME/lib -lReflex
Note: this is a dirty corner that clearly could do with some automation,
even if the macro already helps.
Such automation is planned.
In fact, in the Cling world, the backend can perform the template
instantations and generate the reflection info on the fly, and none of the
above will any longer be necessary.
Subsequent use should be as expected.
Note the meta-class style of "instantiating" the template::
>>>> import cppyy
>>>> cppyy.load_reflection_info("libTemplateDict.so")
>>>> std = cppyy.gbl.std
>>>> MyClass = cppyy.gbl.MyClass
>>>> v = std.vector(MyClass)()
>>>> v += [MyClass(1), MyClass(2), MyClass(3)]
>>>> for m in v:
.... print m.m_i,
1 2 3
Other templates work similarly, but are typically simpler, as there are no
similar issues with iterators for e.g. ``std::list``.
The arguments to the template instantiation can either be a string with the
full list of arguments, or the explicit classes.
The latter makes for easier code writing if the classes passed to the
instantiation are themselves templates.
The fast lane
The following is an experimental feature of cppyy.
It mostly works, but there are some known issues (e.g. with return-by-value).
Soon it should be the default mode, however.
With a slight modification of Reflex, it can provide function pointers for
C++ methods, and hence allow PyPy to call those pointers directly, rather than
calling C++ through a Reflex stub.
The standalone version of Reflex `provided`_ has been patched, but if you get
Reflex from another source (most likely with a ROOT distribution), locate the
file `genreflex-methptrgetter.patch`_ in pypy/module/cppyy and apply it to
the genreflex python scripts found in ``$ROOTSYS/lib``::
$ cd $ROOTSYS/lib
$ patch -p2 < genreflex-methptrgetter.patch
With this patch, ``genreflex`` will have grown the ``--with-methptrgetter``
Use this option when running ``genreflex``, and add the
``-Wno-pmf-conversions`` option to ``g++`` when compiling.
The rest works the same way: the fast path will be used transparently (which
also means that you can't actually find out whether it is in use, other than
by running a micro-benchmark or a JIT test).
.. _`provided`: http://cern.ch/wlav/reflex-2013-04-23.tar.bz2
.. _`genreflex-methptrgetter.patch`: https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/src/default/pypy/module/cppyy/genreflex-methptrgetter.patch
Most of the ideas in cppyy come originally from the `PyROOT`_ project.
Although PyROOT does not support Reflex directly, it has an alter ego called
"PyCintex" that, in a somewhat roundabout way, does.
If you installed ROOT, rather than just Reflex, PyCintex should be available
immediately if you add ``$ROOTSYS/lib`` to the ``PYTHONPATH`` environment
.. _`PyROOT`: http://root.cern.ch/drupal/content/pyroot
There are a couple of minor differences between PyCintex and cppyy, most to do
with naming.
The one that you will run into directly, is that PyCintex uses a function
called ``loadDictionary`` rather than ``load_reflection_info`` (it has the
same rootmap-based class loader functionality, though, making this point
somewhat moot).
The reason for this is that Reflex calls the shared libraries that contain
reflection info "dictionaries."
However, in python, the name `dictionary` already has a well-defined meaning,
so a more descriptive name was chosen for cppyy.
In addition, PyCintex requires that the names of shared libraries so loaded
start with "lib" in their name.
The basic example above, rewritten for PyCintex thus goes like this::
$ python
>>> import PyCintex
>>> PyCintex.loadDictionary("libMyClassDict.so")
>>> myinst = PyCintex.gbl.MyClass(42)
>>> print myinst.GetMyInt()
>>> myinst.SetMyInt(33)
>>> print myinst.m_myint
>>> myinst.m_myint = 77
>>> print myinst.GetMyInt()
>>> help(PyCintex.gbl.MyClass) # shows that normal python introspection works
Other naming differences are such things as taking an address of an object.
In PyCintex, this is done with ``AddressOf`` whereas in cppyy the choice was
made to follow the naming as in ``ctypes`` and hence use ``addressof``
(PyROOT/PyCintex predate ``ctypes`` by several years, and the ROOT project
follows camel-case, hence the differences).
Of course, this is python, so if any of the naming is not to your liking, all
you have to do is provide a wrapper script that you import instead of
importing the ``cppyy`` or ``PyCintex`` modules directly.
In that wrapper script you can rename methods exactly the way you need it.
In the cling world, all these differences will be resolved.
To change versions of CPython (to Python3, another version of Python, or later
to the `Py3k`_ version of PyPy), the only part that requires recompilation is
the bindings module, be it ``cppyy`` or ``libPyROOT.so`` (in PyCintex).
Although ``genreflex`` is indeed a Python tool, the generated reflection
information is completely independent of Python.
.. _`Py3k`: https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/src/py3k


text:
May 5, 2016
Pre-trial motions in the James Richardson double murder trial were heard Thursday morning with several eyewitnesses questioned by the defense.
The motions were made by Richardson's team to suppress evidence before the trial on March 14th.
Due to pre-trial hearing regulations, cameras were not allowed in the courtroom, but WITN was able to listen to the motion suggesting to remove statements made by two witnesses at the Other Place Nightclub on June 30th, 2009.
Judge Russell Duke heard the motion and denied it.
Family for the two victims, Landon Blackley and Andrew Kirby were inside for the pre-trial hearing, but declined comment.
Richardson's mother told us "It's really hurtful as a mom to see so much injustice in Pitt county. "I'm just hoping my son will have a fair trial here in Pitt County."
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Appointments & Offices
Check insurance plans, locations and make an appointment
Is Dr. Bakke accepting new patients?
If you are a new patient, please check with Dr. Bakke before scheduling an appointment.
What insurance does he accept?*Less
Office Locations
- Sanford Health
- Sanford Broadway Clinic
- 801 Broadway N
- Fargo, ND 58102
- (701) 234-2000 (Office)


text:
This item is currently
HN-EVR023 Everlast
Everlast MMA Polycanvas 70 lb. Heavy Bag - RedItem # HN-EVR023
Roll over to zoom
Click for full screen
- Premium red synthetic polycanvas heavy bag
- Quality construction for long-lasting durability
- Sanitized synthetic and natural fiber filler
- Heavy-duty nylon straps and double end loop
- Manufacturer's warranty included (see product guarantee)
Full Description
About This Brand
Guarantee & Returns
Recommended Accessories
Everlast MMA Polycanvas 70 lb. Heavy Bag - Red
Filler specially blended to provide resilient shock absorbencyHeavy straps offer security and safety during trainingDouble end loop on heavy bag increases functionalityManufacturer's warranty included - see Product Guarantee area for complete detailsAbout EverlastThe name Everlast is synonymous with boxing, although the company started out as a swimwear manufacturer in the Bronx in 1910. Everlast is a global leader in the design, manufacturing, licensing, and marketing of authentic boxing, mixed martial art


text:
- 48Promote
Stationery Cards
"MAC" Donaldsby Chris Dk
Set of folded stationery cards printed on bright white, smooth card stock to bring your personal artistic style to everyday correspondence. Each card is blank on the inside and includes a soft white, European fold envelope for mailing.
nice haha i like the style.
Thank U Danielle I really apreciate your comment!!!
10x Randy!!!
My god...the genius of it
aaaaahahaha thats great
Thank U guys for enjoying my work!!!
cool idea!!!
Wow thanks Dennis & Entar!!!
Ahahah! I'm loving it! Think different! ;)
hahahah great!
See More Comments


text:
Login with
Signup with
Login with
Signup with
Forgot Password?
Enter your email below and we will send you a reset link.
Entrepreneurs start out with their MVP (minimum viable product) and go through the alpha and beta launches to improve it further. When the product is officially launched, most entrepreneurs ensure that, along with functionality, their product is visually appealing, has a simple user interface without a steep learning curve for the end user. This, in […]
20 Aug 2015
In the last 25 years since the web has been around, we have always shared web content the same way — by copying and pasting URLs. This is what MAZ is changing. The New York City-based startup founded in 2010 by former Apple and Adobe designers and engineers is revolutionizing the way people share and […]
17 Apr 2014


text:
Baker will host North Bend Tuesday in the first round of the Class 4A boys basketball playoffs.
Baker (17-7) enters the game as the Greater Oregon League runnerup. North Bend (12-12) enters the playoffs as the Far West League third-place team.North Bend edged Sutherlin 66-61 Saturday to gain the Far West's final state berth.
Tipoff is scheduled for 6 p.m. at Baker High School. Spectator admission is $6 adults and $4 students.
The winner of Tuesday's game advances to the second round on Friday at Hidden Valley.


text:
All Batman Articles
Viral Video: Batman Stars in Hilarious Animated Music Video, "Batmetal"
Happy #BatmanDay!
Revolver Magazine | Jul 23, 2014 | Comments 6
New Releases Out Today: 10/04/2011
It's Tuesday–the day that albums come out–and there are some big ones, including the latest from blessthefall and the first new Misfits record in nearly a decade. Check out the list of releases below and let us know which ones you have already or are planning to get. Absu – Abzu (Candlelight) Blessthefall – Awakening […]
Brandon Geist | Oct 04, 2011 | Comments 0
Exclusive: Serj Tankian Premieres New Song "Total Paranoia" Off 'Batman: Arkham City—The Album'
System of a Down frontman and solo artist Serj Tankian has contributed a track to Batman: Arkham City – The Album, the upcoming soundtrack to the highly anticipated video game, Batman: Arkham City. Featuring 12 new original tracks by Coheed and Cambria, Black Rebel Motorcycle Club, the Damned Things, and more (full track list below), Batman: […]
Brandon Geist | Sep 30, 2011 | Comments 72


text:
Notice: All Boston.com forums will be retired as of May 31st, 2016 and will not be archived. Thank you for your participation in this community, and we hope you continue to enjoy other content at Boston.com.
Chris Nilan Arrested
Chris Nilan Arrested
posted at 7/16/2009 7:50 PM EDTGet back into rehab, Chris.
Re: Chris Nilan Arrested
posted at 7/16/2009 9:04 PM EDTIn Response to Chris Nilan Arrested:Get back into rehab, Chris. http://www.patriotledger.com/news/cops_and_courts/x1373174392/Former-NHL-player-Chris-Nilan-arrested-at-South-Shore-Plaza
Posted by jet88
Someone should send Al Secord or Jay Miller to bail him out. Now that would be funny!
Re: Chris Nilan Arrested
posted at 7/16/2009 9:07 PM EDTLOL
Re: Chris Nilan Arrested
posted at 7/17/2009 10:39 AM EDTHHHMMMMM... RESISTING ARREST.... ROBBERY...... ASSAULT AND BATTERY....... AND THE CASE DISMISSED?............. WHAT THE FU** ?
Re: Chris Nilan Arrested
posted at 7/17/2009 5:32 PM EDTGood ! he's a Habs fan.
Re: Chris Nilan Arrested
posted at 7/17/2009 5:54 PM EDTThis guy was like his buddy, Jon Kordic: very troubled -- deeply disturbed and completely unable to cope with reality.
Re: Chris Nilan Arrested
posted at 7/17/2009 9:58 PM EDT
Nilan had pyschopathic tendencies in the NHL. He used to sit on the Montreal bench with a crazed vicious look, kind of drooling to get back in a fight. Really weird guy.
He must have blown a lot of money to be reduced to shoplifting now.
Re: Chris Nilan Arrested
posted at 7/18/2009 11:00 AM EDTWhat!? Tommy Bahama shorts! If I'm gonna go toe ta toe with some toy cop it better be for something good like some Tonka trucks or the newest Hot Wheels!
What a joke Antoine Walker, Canseco, Dykstra they just don't get it. What they need is jail time! How hard is it to buy rental property, keep it up, rake in the leases, reinvest it in more properties then sell it when the market picks back up.
Me thinks there mind set is being the studs in high school, college and the pros there always going to be allowed to get away with it. What comes around goes around Nilan was a dirty player!
Re: Chris Nilan Arrested
posted at 7/18/2009 11:36 AM EDT
My most vivid memory of Nilan was when he was a Canadien. I was at this game.
Away from the play he gave Middleton a savage but end to his teeth. I don't remember how many stitches and how many teeth Middleton lost.
How bad a cheap shot was this?
Re: Chris Nilan Arrested
posted at 7/18/2009 12:22 PM EDTHonestly,Although it was for a breif period of time, I was coached by Chris Nilan for the South Shore Dynamos. Not only was he kind, patient, and friendly to all of my teammates, but he had a top-notch understanding of the game.It was obvious that he had a hard edge, (He told us he was the only guy in the NHL-history to ever break two sticks over the back of Jeremy Roenick's legs in the same game) but it never showed when he was coaching us.When I see this news about Chris Nilan, I am really saddened by it, because I know this man is not the lunatic people make him out to be.What do I think when I see this? I think this man should have been in counseling years ago. Hell he probably tried, but finding the right shrink for a guy like that is really difficult. My bet is he found the whole thing patronizing and bailed.regardless, I'm choosing to believe this isn't the real chris nilan.


text:
Links of the week:
"my hope isn't in shells but I can still enjoy them"
JT was my mentor in my first year with UCCF which means I spent two days following him around Cardiff being fed nothing but sandwiches.
1. The world's wisdom can't know God
Not, the William Lane Craig - Lewis Wolpert debate but big Mike Reeves at our CU leaders weekend on 1 Corinthians 1-2. Mp3s online here in a few days.
Champagne and Caviar!
2. The return of God
John Humphrey's write up of the debate
3. Blood red moon with hot chocolate
Staring at the sky in the cold.
The audacity of Kath / the servant leadership of Gareth
4. The Real ThingTalking to guys at TVU on Tuesday about Jesus
5. Ahem. Service providers should provide service.
Mr Branson & co... 'old sky snooze' - cheap wit... and we really don't care about your fight with Mr Murdoch. Just get us the channels we'd like to watch on our TVs... like the ones we signed up for.
6. How to do a good talk.
As demonstrated by Matt Benton at Surrey. The key is fill it with lots of the Bible. Simple really.
Oh, probably only he and me actually remembered the OJ trial... 21st Century student work.
7. Photo of the weekOne of many moments from the weekend, now all over facebook.
Sunday, March 04, 2007
Seven Days
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
Patricia Larsen, 85, died Friday at Golden Living Nursing Center of Spring Hill, under the care of AsceraCare Hospice. She was born April 20, 1928, in Paxico. She was daughter of O.W. and Bertha Brock Schwalm. Pat worked as a bank teller at the Mission State Bank
Thomas "Tom" Ellis, 56, died on Wednesday, Jan. 8, 2014, in Manhattan. The family provided some of the following information. He was born on Oct. 24, 1957, in Onaga, the son of John and Mary G. (Silvis) Ellis. Tom was the owner of Ellis Construction Services specializing in finish carpentry.
Carol Van Pelt, 69, of Fairland, Okla., died Jan. 17, 2014, at the Integris Hospital in Grove, Okla. She was born April 22, 1944. Complete obituary and service information will be announced later by the Yorgensen-Meloan-Londeen Funeral Home, 1616 Poyntz Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502.
Martha Howell Sudduth, 96, died Monday, Jan. 13, 2014, at St. Catherine's Village in Madison, Miss. Martha Stowers Hand was born in Terry, Miss., on May 2, 1917, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Eugene E. Hand. She attended Hinds County Junior College and graduated from Mississippi State College
Jennie 'Granny' Jeffries, 84, of Marysville, formerly of Frankfort, died on Thursday, Jan. 16, 2014, at Mercy Regional Health Center in Manhattan. Jennie was born Jan. 28, 1929, in Holdrege, Neb., the daughter of Clyde S. and Myrtle A. (Brokaw) Lewis. She married Vernon E. 'Dutch' Jeffries on December 28, 1945,
Heinz Otto Arent, 83, died on Thursday, Jan. 16, 2014, at the Stoneybrook Retirement Community, Manhattan. The family provided some of the following information. He was born on Sept. 4, 1930 in Stuttgart, Germany the son of Otto and Helene (Sturm) Arent. He attended the school systems in Stuttgart
Jacqueline Laura McFarland, 74, of Westmoreland, died Friday, Jan. 17, 2014, at the Wamego Health Center. She was a long-time resident of the area. Jackie was born June 30, 1939 in Wamego. She attended local schools. Jackie was a cook. She co-owned three different restaurants in Wamego, Westmoreland and Erick,
Sharon Ann Kraus, 74, Wamego, died Friday, Jan. 17, 2014, at the Midland Hospice House in Topeka. She was a life-long resident of the area. Sharon was born Sept. 11, 1939, in rural Alma. She attended Hessdale grade school and Alma High School. Sharon worked for many years as a
Merlyn Ridder, 89, of rural Westmoreland, died at his home Saturday, Jan.18, 2014. Among survivors is his wife, Dorothy, of the home. Services are pending with Stewart Funeral Home of Wamego. Complete obituary and service information will be announced later.
Earl Ryder Jr., 79, of rural Paxico, died Saturday, Jan. 18, 2014, at his home. Among survivors is his wife, Katherine, of the home. Services are pending with Stewart Funeral Home of Wamego. Complete obituary and service information will be announced later.
Get the latest news, weather and sports updates from The Mercury sent to your phone.
Terms of Service | Privacy Policy | The Manhattan Mercury, 318 North 5th Street, Manhattan, Kansas, 66502 | Copyright 2012
Reproduction of any kind is prohibited without written consent.


text:
T HE CAUSES of intergroup tension and conflict in our society are manifold. Most of those who have given close attention to the phenomena considered in this book, and who are not apologists for one specific theory of social behavior, are aware that no one factor is the determining cause of prejudice or its manifestations in discrimination. The phenomena to be explained are manifested in such diverse ways, and the influences on them are sometimes so complicated and subtle, that we do not yet know all the factors behind prejudice and discrimination. The following analysis is therefore tentative, and consists of a number of specific hypotheses for further testing. In each case there is a good deal of evidence in support of the proposition given, but in no case is there adequate proof. Thus, while we cannot be satisfied with the following theories, they are far more satisfactory than the popular attempts at explanation that are known to be wrong.
One of the incorrect popular theories is that prejudice is based upon biological racial differences. It is assumed in this theory that people are born into different biological races that are endowed with different natural capacities. Since one race is considered to be inferior to another, it is thought desirable that the inferior race be subjected to the control of the superior. Above all, this theory holds, there must be no biological amalgamation among the races, for otherwise the superior race would degenerate as it combined its heredity with that of the inferior. Our scientists know that there are different races, but they also know that there is no basis whatsoever for assuming that there is any difference in average biological capacity, nor is there any basis for the belief that racial intermixture is harmful in any way. Certainly there is no scientific or____________________


text:
Happy Monday, ladies and gents! Wanted to start this week off with a little treat from our sponsor, A Printable Press…A Printable Press creates print-ready files of wedding stationery, so you can have your cards made wherever you want. You can have them printed at a copy shop, a professional printer, an online printer, at home, or… Read more »
Posts Categorized: New Sponsor Blog
Gilt Groupe Wedding
If you're like me, then you probably sit by your computer every day at noon awaiting your daily email from the Gilt Groupe…no shame here : )…I mean, with 70% off designer clothing and accessories, it's hands down the best discount luxury label site out there. Cream of the crop, I tell you…which is why… Read more »
Win a Wedding Dress From Sarah Seven!
Happy Wednesday! Lets get this day off to a good start, shall we?! I'm so, so excited to announce that this week Once Wed is teaming up with the talented folks over at Sarah Seven for a giveaway! One lucky lady will get the chance to win a wedding dress from Sarah Seven — eeeek!… Read more »
Kirsten Manick Photography
Thought we would start this week off with a little shout-out to a great sponsor, Kirsten Manick Photography…here's a few words from the talented lady herself! I live to explore and create. I strive to capture beauty found in everyday moments. My work is journalistic and I have a modern approach, but I refuse to get caught… Read more »


text:
Dallas Cowboys football trading cards
With nearly 30,000 Dallas Cowboys football cards in stock, it is easy to see why the Dallas Morning News has reported that CowboyCards.com is the premier source for Dallas Cowboys football cards on the internet. So join the Dallas Cowboys football card collector's club and start growing your Dallas Cowboys football card collection today. Whether its vintage players or the future stars, CowboyCards.com has the best selection on the internet. View our testimonials or start browsing now!
CowboyCards.com is not in anyway associated with the Dallas Cowboys or the NFL. We are simply a company that has a passion and loyalty for the Dallas Cowboys football club. This is our way of paying tribute to the many players, coaches and staff that have made the Dallas Cowboys and their silver unifroms America's Team! With approximately 60,000 cards in our seachable database and over 10,000 of these cards scanned you can see thousands of Dallas Cowboys logos from photos and images! With the Cowboys adding new players each year through the NFL Draft there will never be a shortage of new football cards to add to your collection!
Join the Club!The best way to grow your Dallas Cowboys football trading card collection is to Join out monthly collector's club. Members of the DCFCC Club receive a monthly package of the newest Dallas Cowboy football cards as well as a discount coupon to buy cards from cowboycards.com at any time.
Hot New Listings from cowboy cards
2015 topps chromeTopps Chrome always provides a nice high end selection of NFL players with tons of Parallels and Autographs!
2015 topps valorValor returns for a second and likely final year of football cards. Nice selection of players including several retired HOFers, Veterans and Rookies!
2015 toppsTopps final football set, at least for the forseeable future. Tons of cards in this set including 24 Cowboy base cards!
2015 certifiedCertified has been a staple of the Panini brand for over a decade now and 2015 does not disappoint!
2015 scoreSCORE is one of the best sets available for Team collectors with over 440 cards in the base set. The Cowboys have 16 base cards alone inlcuding 5 Rookies!
2015 gridiron kingNice high end brand from Panini. These cards use artistic drawings from player photographs. Tons of cards in this set including 9 Cowboy base cards!


text:
Children's LiteratureI'm Not Feeling Well Today is an interactive read aloud that is a perfect diversion for a restless child trapped in bed. Shirley Neitzel writes the cumulative, chorused, rhyming story and illustrator, Nancy Winslow Parker, adds pictographs so a child can join in the telling. The story's young patient is demanding. He requests a special bear friend, "toast and tea, TV for you and me," puzzles on a tray and more since he's "not feeling well today". This refrain repeats until the book�s end when there's a sudden shift as the malingering child learns there is no school and shouts "Hurray! Hurray! I'm glad I'm feeling well today!" 2001, Greenwillow,
Susie Wilde


text: JohnDier1 November 26, 2011 7:05 PM WRC » IRC: Ireland secures slot on revamped calendar John Kilbride, you must also remember the Sally Gap and Knockavanna stages, they would do justice to any WRC event. The circuit even did an overnight in Waterford one year. If it did venture around the country, it would be a welcome boost for tourism. All round a good year for Irish motorsport fans, the F1 Bavaria city race in Dublin 8 weeks later!! Reply Report abuse 0 agree 0 disagree


text:
Rated 5 out of 5 by 2 reviewers.
Rated 5 out of 5 by mb11 cute and functional Looks great and keeps my papers organized on my kitchen counter. April 17, 2015
Rated 5 out of 5 by stephanieleah19 Love it! This works perfectly on my husbands desk for storing the random papers that accumulate over time. Keeps everything neat and tidy. March 10, 2014
1-2 of 2
Related Products
Organize your desktop in chic vintage style with ...
A lightly distressed wood top and matte black ...
Bordered with zinc edges, our mini chalkboards are ...
Recently Viewed Items


text:
See our store section for gifts by different stores
See our top gift ideas section for most popular items.
Create your own personal gift registry. Register for any item, from any store, for any occasion. Find the gift registries of your family and friends.
Ever find the perfect gift idea for someone, but their birthday was months away? We make it easy to remember your gift ideas.
Provides timely email reminders for a birthday, anniversary, and other special occasions.
Get advice from friends and family on which gifts to buy.
Health Nut Care Package
All Around Craftsman Sweets and Snacks Gift Basket
Snacks and Sweets Care Package for College Students
Candy and Snacks College Care Package Gift Basket
Snacks and Treats Military Care Package
Care Package for Healthy College Students
College Snacks and Munchies Care Package
University of Snacks Snack Stash Gift Box
Junk Food Care Package
Junk Food Bucket
Kid's Fun and Games Care Package


text:
Archived Story
Boot Hill Ranch hosts swap meetPublished 10:41pm Wednesday, April 18, 2012
JONES — The 28th annual Michiana Antique Engine and Tractor Swap Meet takes place May 4 and 5 at Boot Hill Ranch, a mile and a half east of Jones on Bair Lake Street. There is a $1 per person admission charge.
The event is presented by the Kalamazoo Valley Old Engine and Machinery Club, Scotts Olde Tyme Power and Equipment Association and the St. Joe Valley Old Engine Association.
Gates open at noon May 2.
Vendor set-up fee is $15, which includes primitive camping. No electricity. Food available.
For more information, contact Steve Ammer at (269) 651-8478 or Brenda Bickel at (269) 435-8288.
St. Joe Valley's three-day annual show takes place the first weekend in August.
Tags: Jones


text:
North Korea's blast was similar to previous nuclear tests, the Vienna-based monitoring agency CTBTO said early Tuesday, slamming it as a potential threat to international security.
If confirmed as a nuclear test, it would represent "a clear threat to international peace and security...," the agency added in a statement.
"The event shows explosion-like characteristics and its location is roughly congruent with the 2006 and 2009 DPRK (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) nuclear tests," the agency said.
"For now, further data and analysis are necessary to establish what kind of event this is," it added.
"If confirmed as a nuclear test, this act would constitute a clear threat to international peace and security, and challenges efforts made to strengthen global nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation, in particular by ending nuclear testing."
The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organisation is a key authority for providing data on detected nuclear events, but does not identify whether seismic events it picks up are a nuclear explosion, earthquake or chemical blast.


text:
Denver Post fantasy football expert Cecil Lammey is a senior writer for Footballguys.com and an "NFL Insider" for Denver sports radio station The Ticket, 87.7-FM.
E-mail your questions to email@example.com. Please mention your question is for "Denver Post Fantasy Football."
What do you think of Randy Moss now that he's with the Vikings again? Will he have trouble developing chemistry with Brett Favre this week against the Jets?
— Steve
Cecil Lammey: I love this move by the Vikings. They miss Sidney Rice more than anyone expected but now have the deep target they need to stretch the field and open up the defense. Favre wanted to play with Moss when he was with the Packers and now gets his chance to air it out to one of the best wide receivers in the game today.
I'm not worried about a "lack of chemistry" between Favre and Moss for a couple of reasons. First, Favre plays "playground football" and will throw it up to Moss early and often. Second, Moss has the ability to make the impossible catch seem routine. Passes don't need to be exactly on point in order for Moss to haul them in. Even though CB Darrelle Revis returns to the lineup for the Jets, I expect Moss to put up huge numbers in his first game back with the Vikings.
I picked up Marshawn Lynch off the waiver wire a couple of weeks ago but haven't plugged him into my starting lineup yet. Is he the feature back for the Seahawks now?
— Trevor
Lammey: We have to assume that Lynch will be the leading rusher for the Seahawks going forward. He'll be teamed up with his college teammate Justin Forsett for a potent one-two punch. Forsett should be the leading receiver out of the backfield, but the team was concerned about him wearing down over the course of the season.
Fantasy Spotlight
Denver Post fantasy football expert Cecil Lammey is a senior writer for Footballguys.com and an "NFL Insider" for Denver sports radio station The Ticket, 102.3-FM.
E-mail your questions to firstname.lastname@example.com. Mention your question is for "Denver Post Fantasy Football."
I have Baltimore RB Ray Rice going against the Broncos this week. Should I bench him in favor of Redskins RB Ryan Torain because of the tough matchup?
— Seth
Lammey: I'm not a fan of Torain's game, but he's a better start than Ray Rice as a RB-2 or flex player this week.
The Broncos haven't allowed a 100-yard rusher all season and I expect that trend to continue against Baltimore. Denver defensive coordinator Don "Wink" Martindale knows how to game plan and take away an opponent's best player. I fully expect the Broncos to dare Joe Flacco to beat them this week.
Torain looks more powerful than he ever has before. He actually looked somewhat elusive at the second level against the Eagles last week. Washington will want to pound the rock and grind time off the play clock in order to keep Aaron Rodgers and that dangerous Green Bay offense off the field.
I have several trade offers coming my way with people in my league wanting to acquire Browns RB Peyton Hillis. The following players have been offered to me: Colts RB Joseph Addai, Seahawks RB Marshawn Lynch, Chiefs RB Thomas Jones, Panthers RB DeAngelo Williams and Bills RB Fred Jackson. Who would you go with?
— Tad
Lammey: Hillis has been tearing up the league, but I see him as a "sell high" in fantasy football because of his running style. Hillis runs with little regard for his own body and one must wonder if he can keep up this pace throughout the entire season. Defenses don't have to respect the pass, so they'll stack the line to stop Hillis.
Out of this list of players I would go with Williams. He's still running hard but things are quite ugly in Carolina now that rookie QB Jimmy Clausen is running the show. Williams has the most upside out of these players listed, but I would look for an upgrade here. Reach out to the Steven Jackson, Michael Turner, or Jahvid Best owner to see if they want Hillis.
I am currently in a Yahoo fantasy football league with 10 teams. My question is, should I trade Cardinals WR Larry Fitzgerald for Colts TE Dallas Clark. I already have Falcons WR Roddy White, Colts WR Austin Collie, Giants WR Hakeem Nicks and Broncos WR Brandon Lloyd.
— Clifford
Lammey: I would go ahead and do this deal. With the depth you already have at the WR position you can afford to get rid of Fitzgerald. He's not performing up to expectations and things may not get much better in Arizona with new starting QB (undrafted rookie) Max Hall. Clark is a trusted target of Peyton Manning and can be an every week set-it-and-forget-it starter.
Please order your top two waiver pickups for me in my .5 points per-reception league. Also, would you cut Chargers WR Legedu Naanee and Raiders WR Darrius Heyward-Bey to open up spots for any of the following? Patriots WR Brandon Tate, Patriots TE Aaron Hernandez, Jets TE Dustin Keller, Raiders TE Zach Miller, Dolphins WR Davone Bess, Lions TE Brandon Pettigrew, or Falcons WR Michael Jenkins.
— Michael
Lammey: I would drop both of the players you mentioned and grab a couple of players from New England. Now with Randy Moss gone I expect Tate to do more as a deep-threat receiver for the Patriots. He was drafted in 2009 to be the eventual Moss replacement and now gets his chance. The Patriots have found a new weapon in Hernandez. Many scouts compared him to the Colts' Clark and he is living up to the comparison so far this season. New England is running a three tight end set more than 670 percent of the time this year and Hernandez has certainly earned the trust of Tom Brady.
If you feel uneasy grabbing two guys off the same team then go with Keller. He's really blossomed this year and creates mismatches every time he's on the field. I am concerned about his targets going down now that WR Santonio Holmes has returned from his suspension.
I need some help! I'm willing to take a risk here, looking down the road to FF playoffs and championship. I want to swap Packers RB Brandon Jackson for one of the following: Bills RB C.J. Spiller, Seahawks RB Marshawn Lynch, Dolphins RB Ricky Williams, Raiders RB Michael Bush, Colts RB Donald Brown, and Giants RB Brandon Jacobs. What do you think? What would be your order here?
— Dennis
Lammey: Brandon Jackson was the hot waiver wire pickup after Week 1, but he's certainly disappointed his fantasy owners. We could see rookie James Starks take over for the Pack once he is removed from the physically-unable-to-perform list. Out of the backs you mention, I would place veteran Ricky Williams at the top. The Dolphins are not running the ball like they used to but I have a feeling that philosophy will change as we get closer to the playoffs.
The fantasy playoffs in most leagues run from week 14 through week 16, and the 'Phins play the Lions in the championship week (16).
Seattle also has a great fantasy playoff schedule, so Marshawn Lynch should be the next back you go after. He has a chip on his shoulder and is out to prove that he can be a dominant runner for his new team. A player not on your list who should be is Buccaneers RB Kareem Huggins. Tampa wants to get him more involved in the offense and he has the best big-play ability out of all of their running backs. Tampa has a sweet fantasy playoff schedule with Washington in week 14, Detroit in week 15, and Seattle in week 16. Huggins could be the key to your championship.
At wide receiver, I can start two this week, choosing between Colts WR Reggie Wayne, Falcons WR Roddy White, Giants WR Hakeem Nicks, or Lions WR Calvin Johnson. Who should I start?
— Mac
Lammey: I'm starting Roddy White and Hakeem Nicks here. All of your receivers should have great games on Sunday, but White stands out to me because he's going against the Browns in what could be an absolute runaway game.
Hakeem Nicks and the Giants want to stay on the winning track after beating up on the Bears last week. This Sunday they go against a Texans secondary that is struggling. The Texans are currently ranked 32nd in the NFL averaging 337.8 net passing yards allowed per game, with eight passing scores handed over (second-most in the NFL) vs. just two interceptions generated.
How do you think rookie QB Max Hall is going to do with the Cardinals? The kid looked good in the preseason but is he really an upgrade over Derek Anderson?
— Devin
Lammey: I watched Max Hall during the Shrine Game practices in Orlando earlier this year and he impressed me with his leadership skills and accuracy. I feel he is an upgrade over Derek Anderson. The rookie has a calm sense when he's on the field. I don't believe Hall will play like a superstar this year, but he won't be overwhelmed. He excels at throwing short and intermediate routes, which means Larry Fitzgerald could rack up plenty of run after the catch yards. Plugging Hall into the lineup should help the Cardinals have more success through the air.
Should I start Colts WR Pierre Garcon this week? Also, is there any way to tell whether or not Eddie Royal is going to have a good game?
— Greg
Lammey: I would wait and see with Pierre Garcon this week. His deep speed will stretch the field vs. the Colts but there are many targets for Peyton Manning to throw to. Garcon's return will hurt the numbers compiled by Austin Collie. I see the Colts as not having a true WR2, but more of a WR2 and WR2-A situation.
Eddie Royal has his mojo back and looks great as a slot receiver. If Kyle Orton is facing a tough secondary then he will work more of the underneath routes, which means more targets for Royal.


text:
Samsung Smart Cameras updated, Wi-Fi compact cameras in all shapes and sizesBack
Nikon D5 review: Olympic effort from pro DSLR
Learn how to take better pictures
How to shoot #food like a pro: Top tips for food photography
Canon EOS 1D X Mark II review: The fast and the furious, part II
- Nikon D5 review: Olympic effort from pro DSLR
- Learn how to take better pictures
- How to shoot #food like a pro: Top tips for food photography
- Canon EOS 1D X Mark II review: The fast and the furious, part II
- Panasonic Lumix GX80 review: Small in scale, big on features
- Sphericam creates live 4K VR video in 360-degrees, as if you were there
- GoPro brings more stats to your action videos, BMW, Polar and more on the list
- 360-degree cameras: The best VR cams, no matter your budget
- Canon EOS 80D review: The mid-range master
- Sony Cyber-shot RX10 III superzoom boasts 24-600mm zoom and 1-inch sensor size
- Samsung Galaxy S7 vs LG G5: Which is better?
- Samsung Galaxy S7 tips and tricks: Master your new Galaxy
- 11 best drone quadcopters to buy now: Parrot, DJI, Hubsan and more
- Samsung says no to OLED TVs for 2017, something else is coming
- LG G5 review: Modular misfire?
- Siri creators have come up with Viv, an AI that could kill the keyboard at last
- Sony smart contact lens will record everything you see, with the blink of an eye
- Samsung Galaxy Note 6: What's the story so far?
- What's new in Hungry Shark World? 6 new features revealed
- Become a cyber security expert with the Pay What You Want: Ethical Hacker and Pentester Pro Bundle


text:
Ted Simons:> Healthcare and national security -- two big issues before congress right now. And here to talk about those concerns and other topics is Arizona Senator Jon Kyl.
Jon Kyl: Good to be back.
Ted Simons: Let's get to healthcare because we're going to talk about that later on in the program as well. Before we get to the wherefores and whatnots, at its core, why does healthcare cost so much right now?
Jon Kyl: There are a lot of different reasons and that's why there's no silver bullets to reduce the costs. You can start with physicians who practice defensive medicine for fear of being sued in court. One of the first reforms would be tort reform. You could save billions of dollars every year and physicians wouldn't order those extra tests or procedures so they wouldn't be reflected in your insurance bill and insurance would cost less money. There are new devices, new pharmaceutical products, new techniques that are developed every year that make our medicine better and the quality of medicine, advances, but that costs money and sometimes at least at first, those things cost quite a bit of money and when mass produced cost less. I don't think we want to give up the care simply because it costs more. And there are variety of other reasons congress is trying to identify those reasons and tackle them and that's where a lot of differences of opinion are in how to accomplish healthcare reform.
Ted Simons: I know Republicans like the idea of giving folks the incentives to take care of themselves by way of tax credits and these sorts of things. How does that work though for those who simply can't afford healthcare as it is right now?
Jon Kyl: To give you another example, states passed laws that tell you what has to be in insurance policies. These mandates add to the cost of insurance. Because every time a special interest lobbies the state legislature to add their particular type of care -- and, of course, this adds to the cost of insurance. People talk about hair transplants and Botox, and all the rest of it. That increases cost and it doesn't help anybody who can't afford the care to get it. What we've said is let's try to eliminate those mandates and get malpractice reform, lets have competition across state lines so that you can literally-- I know the insurance companies don't like it, they'll have more competition, but they'll have to reduce their premiums. Small businesses and associations should be able to aggregate their employee groups into large risk pools so they have the ability to negotiate with insurance companies just like big business does. There are a variety of ways in which you can draw down -- cause the cost to go down without upsetting the system for all those people who have insurance and frankly, think their insurance is just fine.
Ted Simons: With that in mind, you've got the house version, the senate version, the reconciliation right now. Something is going to come out of this. Are there any aspects of either bill that you are somewhat positive about or it sounds like Republicans just don't like anything they're seeing right now?
Jon Kyl: No, it's not that. The deals with preexisting conditions. Everybody wants to do that. The problem is the bills are so balled up and part of the reason for -- let me finish my sentence. There so balled up that it's hard to pick one thing out and say we'll take that. Everything is connected to something else. What they've done in order to get the votes is to have so many exceptions to the exception going back to subsection such and such. For example you have all of these great ideas and than because they're going to be harmful to states senators exempt their own constituents. Medicare advantage, many Arizonans are on Medicare advantage. If they have Medicare, there's going to be a big cut in your benefits under Medicare advantage. Senator Nelson from Florida, not the Senator Nelson from Nebraska says, "Well that's going to hurt my constituents, I'll grandfather them". So he grandfathers them in. The rest of them are on the hook. The other senator Nelson got a special deal for Nebraska and so on. All of those things are interconnected, so I don't think you can say we'll take A, C and F. You have to unravel it and I would suggest start from scratch, identify the specific problems, target the solutions to those problems, and don't try to undo what works for people today and try to get a large government intrusion into literally the care and decisions between the doctor and patient.
Ted Simons: Last question on healthcare. Will Republicans have any say in what comes out?
Jon Kyl: Not unless Democrats don't have 60 votes in the senate. In other words, if they can just do it within their own party, they'll do it and won't pay attention to Republicans. That's why I've been trying to get some democrats to say no, so that at least the Democrats will have to sit down with Republicans and say, now let's see if we can work out some kind of compromise. But as of right now it's being done behind closed doors with democratic leadership.
Ted Simons: Let's talk about the economy really quickly here. Administration saying by way of the president's council and economic advisers that the stimulus has worked added two points to the fourth quarter GDP. Your thoughts on that.
Jon Kyl: I think that's baloney, if you want to know the technical term. We lost 85,000 jobs last month. Unemployment now is over 10%. If you take the systemic unemployment, people have stopped looking for work, it's 17.3%. I was in Tucson all day yesterday, I've been here today, people are hurting and to suggest that somehow the stimulus has made things better I think is a real stretch. It's true you can't spend that much money and not have it do some good. And frankly, it has helped the state, the state of Arizona somewhat, but I don't think it's an economical way to create jobs. And that's what should be job one, put people back to work.
Ted Simons: And yet the same council projects that without the stimulus 1.5 to 2 million jobs that are here now would be lost as well.
Jon Kyl: Well, no one can say that. And so I fault these people for trying to suggest to the American people they can calculate the number of jobs that have been saved. That's an impossibility. It is true there's a bunch of new government jobs. And to just give you an idea the new healthcare bill will cost between $5 billion and $10 billion for new IRS employees to enforce the bill. There are going to be government jobs created to be sure. I don't think those are the kind of jobs that Americans are really going to count on for the long term.
Ted Simons: And so, when the same council says that they look to see again another projection. That the impact on jobs this year will be greater than last year, you say?
Jon Kyl: This is the same council that predicted if we pass the stimulus bill unemployment would go no higher than 8%. As I said it's 10%. And so I cannot put a lot of confidence in their predictions. They're political predictions.
Ted Simons: I can't let you leave without talking about terrorism and concerns there. The system failed with the Christmas day attempted bombing there. What happened?
Jon Kyl: Well the president described it correctly. He said we had the intelligence, but the agencies responsible, primarily the national counter terrorism center and the CIA failed, to use the trite phrase, to connect the dots, but it's a pretty good description. They had enough pieces of evidence, if everybody had been on the ball and if the software programs had worked properly. It would have added all of these different pieces and they would have finally said wait a minute, this is a guy we have 6 or7 different indications on him, he should not get on an airplane and as a result that system did fail.
Ted Simons: I thought that was supposed to be -- I thought agencies were supposed to be working together.
Jon Kyl: This was supposed to be all done. Richard Clark, who worked in the previous administration said he was astonished that it wasn't working because he said we had those systems in place when I was there. Part of it may be illustrated by the last line a January 8th editorial by USA today, they said what's needed is a renewed sense of urgency which the president has so far failed to supply. What they meant was, we've got the things in place to do the job, but there doesn't seem to be the sense of urgency to pay attention to these things, treat every one of them as important and make sure that it all works. When they let the head of the national counter terrorism center go ahead and go on vacation after this event has occurred, that gives you the message that it's just not that urgent.
Ted Simons: It's interesting, I was reading where a CIA analyst back in 02 to 05, a couple of analysts actually, were saying that we're safer now than we were in 2001 because al Qaeda, if the best they can do is to get some kid who sets his pants on fire in a plane, if that's the best they can do, granted there have been other acts that have actually succeeded in taking lives, but he says because things are relatively in place, we're safer than we are in '01.
Jon Kyl: We are as a result of all of the things we did, the ? law, the patriot act, all of the different things that have been put in place since 9/11, we definitely have more capability than we did, but we're still making very stupid mistakes. When the attorney general takes this fellow, the Christmas day bomber, and indicts him, gives him a lawyer and tells him to stop talking when what we really need is intelligence, and we need timely intelligence -- were there any other people that week who were growing to try do the same thing? Who was he working with? Where did he get this kind of bomb? Why didn't it go off? What are they doing to make sure it does go off? Instead of just having a couple of FBI agents in Detroit question him immediately, bring the professional interrogators from the CIA, question him until you have all of the intelligence you're going to get from him, and then if you want to indict him, go ahead. But there's no reason to indict him right than and there, reading him his Miranda Rights and cut off the intelligence. When the president says we'll use all the tools at our disposal, that includes gathering intelligence, and he just threw all that away.
Ted Simons: Last question before you go, Somalia, Yemen -- relatively newer players on the terrorist battlefield.
Jon Kyl: Back and forth.
Ted Simons: Exactly, what do we do about these folks?
Jon Kyl: It just shows you that these folks will organize and recruit wherever they can. And while we have very important business to do in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iraq, there are a lot of other places in the world that we have to work on too and Somalia and Yemen are two of the big ones.
Ted Simons: All right. Good to see you.
Jon Kyl: Thank you, Ted.


text:
furnace in Tagalog
translation and definition "furnace", English-Tagalog Dictionary online
Translations into Tagalog:
- hurno
- pugón
Other meanings:
hot area
A device that provides heat for a building.
Any area that is excessively hot.
To heat in a furnace
A device that heats materials being processed in a factory.
device for heating in a factory, melting metals, etc
device for heating a building
A device for heating.
A structure or apparatus in which heat is produced by the combustion of fuel, often to warm houses, melt metals, produce steam and bake pottery.
Automatic translation:


text:
Communities (22)
Top Network Posts
- 102Speeding up Tomcat in debug mode with Eclipse IDE
- 59How do I increase the number of displayed lines of a Java stack trace dump?
- 48cygwin command to copy to windows clipboard
- 35Subversion: ignore modifications to a file locally on one client only
- 30Speeding up Tomcat in debug mode with Eclipse IDE
- 27sqlplus statement from command line
- 17Thread.sleep() is hung?
- View more network posts →
Keeping a low profile.
This user hasn't posted... yet.


text:
or Sign in using Facebook
or Sign up using Facebook
$1 Spent = 1 point Earned Get Double Points on Prescriptions
Earn points with every dollar you spend to redeem for discounts
Get personal recommendations & stay informed about what's best for your pet's health
Why Your Cat is Throwing Up
Is it Time to Change Your Pet's Diet?
Find Out What's Causing Your Cat's Allergic Reaction
Is Soy Good or Bad for Your Dog?
As a Complete Care Plan member, enjoy the following benefits:
All this for only $9.99/month
Would you like to upgrade?


text:
Newegg.com - A great place to buy computers, computer parts, electronics, software, accessories, and DVDs online. With great prices, fast shipping, and top-rated customer service - once you know, you Newegg.
If you are reading this message, Please click this link to reload this page.(Do not use your browser's "Refresh" button). Please email us if you're running the latest version of your browser and you still see this message.
Newegg.com - Computer Parts, Laptops, Electronics, HDTVs, Digital Cameras and More!
Sold and Shipped by Perfume Emporium
Designed by Paul Sebastian in 1995 Design is defined to be a refreshing spicy lavender amber fragrance. This masculine scent possesses a blend of crisp berries grapefruit warm moss cedar and oak. Design is recommended for office use.
This item is eligible for Newegg Premier benefits. Are you a Newegg Premier Member? If not, sign up today and get:
Your request will be processed within the next 24 hours.
Please add "firstname.lastname@example.com" to your address book to ensure delivery.See Today's E-Blast Promo


text:
My husband and I have been fostering for 2 years now. Our first placements were siblings, 18mns and 3 mns.... we didn't have anything for kids that young. So needless to say friends and family were great giving us baby gear, but we still ended up spending most of what he had set aside to have on hand to pick up things for new placements and it took 2 mns to start getting board payments. And I feel like we have never really caught back up since.
When new placements come I always end up spending $100-200. We like to get each child a blanket, flashlight, stuffed animal, toy, set of PJs, church outfit, shoes, and a few sets of play clothes. So far none of our kids have come with much more than a walmart bag of clothes that usually are out of season and the wrong size. I do have access to our church clothes closet and our foster parent association clothes closet, but most of the time it is a few days to a couple of weeks before I can get to those to pick up clothes to add to what we buy. Then when we get the first board payment I will go fill in the gaps of what each child needs. I mostly shop at a local outlet mall, use coupons, and shop on the days that your get double stamps on your store cards (Cater's and OshKosh). But when new placements come I usually end up at Target or WalMart and rarely have coupons for the items the kids need on the spot.
I am trying to come up with a "budget" for spending each child's board payment to ensure that each child gets everything they need and try not to cut into our pockets too much. Our state/county had had A LOT of budget cuts and foster parents can not get reimbursed anymore. We have to pay for everything out of the board check or get things approved by DHR and wait for a check to be cut if it is approved.
We live in Alabama and I here that we have low board payments. What state are you in? How do you stretch board payments? What things do you pay for out of the board payments and what do you just provide from your own pocket??
Thank You!


text:
36 Miles
58 Km
40 mins
31 Miles
50 Km
34 mins
1.67 Gallons
Fuel Needs
0.91 Pounds CO2 fp per miles
Distance from Orange, CT to Stamford, CT is 36Miles or 58 Km. You can get this distance about 40 mins. If you want to planning travel with plane, you can get this distance about 34 mins .
A car with an average MPG will needs 1.67 gallons of gas to get the route between these points.
The estimated cost of gas to get between Orange, CT and Stamford, CT is $3.79.
During the route, an average car will release 32.72 pounds of CO2 to the atmosphere. Your carbon footprint is 0.91 pounds of CO2 per mile.
* Average US MPG used for calculations is 21.6 MPG.
* Average US gas price used for calculation is 2.27 per gallon.
* Coordinates of Orange, CT is 41.278637, -73.0265277 and coordinates of Stamford, CT is 41.0534302, -73.5387341
All Rights Reserved. © 2010 - 2016 About Feedback


text:
- Home
- >
- Gifts & Flowers
- >
- Wedding
- >
- in My Wedding Favors
Satin-finish Personalized Toasting Flutes And Cake Knife Serving Set
Price: $88.20 In stock
View Deal at My Wedding Favors
Like riches from the Age of Romance, the dramatic design of this set is absolutely elegant and truly a work of art. You'll love toasting one another with the beautiful champagne flutes, and cutting the cake will be everything you've ever imagined. Expect this set to become the first heirlooms to commemorate your marriage. Features and facts:Glass flutes are hand-blown and etched Flutes' finished bases are pewter, with open hearts, a twisted stem and embossed base Cake knife and server are matching pewter, with swirls and open hearts Flutes are 8 1/2 tall Cake server measures 11 and cake knife measures 14 Flutes and cake server can be personalized with two first names andwedding date (max of 24 characters per line) at no additional chargePlease allow up to 2-3 business days for personalized items to ship.


text:
BecFollow Bec
27-year-old Female living in North Parrmatta, New South Wales Australia
Level 2 Traveler
2 tours
2 countries
Following 0 people
Followed by 3 people
Discussions in order of recent activity
Grand Southern July 1 2010
Hi all!anyone going on this tour? it's been mention...
Belinda said
about grand southern meeting places north america us
explorer1178855 responded0 Likes7 replies
grand southern july 2010
Hi!!! who else is doing the gs july 2010 ??? im on the ju...
missdeani said
about grand southern meeting places north america
bec responded0 Likes29 replies


text: [Storm Damage on Chaparral Street] eng Postcard of storm damage on North Chaparral Street in Corpus Christi, Texas. The damaged building on the right is identified as Horne Apartments. The remains of a new fish market are also identified. Debris is scattered in the flooded street. Text at the bottom of the image says "42 Chap. St." and "[xx]42." 1 postcard : b&w ; 10 x 15 cm. Business, Economics and Finance Landscape and Nature - Natural Disasters - Storms Horne Apartments fish markets debris buildings Chaparral Street 1 United States - Texas -


text:
Cartoon Coronation by maximartiskosmoWatch
©2012-2016 maximartiskosmo
Final Hd version with english subtitles
PLEASE NOTICE THAT CRAZY FILMS STUDIO SITUATED IN RUSSIA, WHERE PIRACY LEVEL FOR INTELECTUAL PRORERTY EQUAL TO 100 PERCENT!!! SO IF YOU LIKE THE FILM, OR MUSIC, OR FINEART SHOWED IN FILM, SUPPORT FILM CREATORS AND BUY IT!! EVEN ONE DOLLAR CAN MAKE CHANGES AND LET US CONTINUЕ TO CREATE FILMS FOR YOU AND OURSELFS…Finel
... you can support film creators
fineart and film posters film here kosmopolites.imagekind.com/fin…
all music from film can be found here loudr.fm/release/on-the-way-to…
itunes.apple.com/ru/album/on-t…Crazy Films Tshirt www.zazzle.com/crazy_films_tsh…
...содействие создателям фильма можно оказать следующими способами
1) Сообщить о фильме каждому знакомому вам пользователю ю тубу
2) Подсказать ему сделать то же самое
3) покупка постеров музыки и футболок так же приветствуется...
I tried to watch it but All the crazy spinning and camera movements are making me dizzy unu
You should try less camera movement and more scene changing 1 views that either pan or zoom in (don't use the panning and zooming too often though it'll be over used and the audience will know!)
You should try less camera movement and more scene changing 1 views that either pan or zoom in (don't use the panning and zooming too often though it'll be over used and the audience will know!)
i am sorry, but i will not change anything for audience and specially you( [link] )... i love to see how it moves and im glad that 3d can give me that opportunity - shot everything by one camera... It is crazy films studio by the way ( not for regular and shallow mind or point of view) ... So maybe our films just not you
@06:15I went to Youtube and watched the subtitle version and I found the video of when he was addressing the people after winning the election. I agree with you that the tear was not because of the wind. He seemed filled with emotion during his speech and the tear appeared connected to his emotion. It was quite a moving scene with him on the stage surrounded by so many people and flags. It was all quite thought provoking.


text:
More New and Used
from Private Sellers
Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.
Pathophysiology : A Clinical Approach
ISBN13:by Braun, Carie A.; Anderson, Cindy M.
Questions About This Book?
Why should I rent this book?
Renting is easy, fast, and cheap! Renting from eCampus.com can save you hundreds of dollars compared to the cost of new or used books each semester. At the end of the semester, simply ship the book back to us with a free UPS shipping label! No need to worry about selling it back.
How do rental returns work?
Returning books is as easy as possible. As your rental due date approaches, we will email you several courtesy reminders. When you are ready to return, you can print a free UPS shipping label from our website at any time. Then, just return the book to your UPS driver or any staffed UPS location. You can even use the same box we shipped it in!
What version or edition is this?
This is the 2nd edition with a publication date of 12/22/2010.
What is included with this book?
- The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any CDs, lab manuals, study guides, etc.
- The Used copy of this book is not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included.
- The Rental copy of this book is not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. You may receive a brand new copy, but typically, only the book itself.
Related Products
This pathophysiology text offers a unique conceptual approach that facilitates learning by viewing pathophysiology as health care professionals do. Where a traditional systems-based approach impractically isolates diseases to a single body system, this approach recognizes how disease affects multiple systems. Additionally, rather than learning only about a limited number of diseases, aiming for rote memorization of the key factors in those diseases, the conceptual approach details the mechanisms of disease. By explaining the core concepts of altered human function, students can apply a deeper understanding to a host of diseases, rather than trying to memorize facts about specific conditions. Because students learn through application they learn to think about pathophysiology the way they will need to in a clinical setting, by working from symptoms to the cause, rather than the other way around. Each chapter discusses clinical models, enhancing the real-world application of the material.
Table of Contents
1 Introduction to Pathophysiology 2 Altered Cells and Tissues 3 Inflammation and Tissue Repair 4 Altered Immunity 5 Infection 6 Genetic and Developmental Disorders 7 Altered Cellular Proliferation and Differentiation 8 Altered Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance 9 Altered Neuronal Transmission 10 Altered Sensory Function and Pain Perception 11 Altered Hormonal and Metabolic Regulation 12 Altered Reproductive Function 13 Altered Ventilation and Diffusion 14 Altered Perfusion 15 Altered Nutrition 16 Altered Elimination 17 Degenerative Changes in Aging 18 Integrated Pathophysiologic Concepts: Diabetes Mellitus Glossary


text:
Tuesday, February 26, 2013
0 Comments | Copyright: IANS
Bollywood actress Kareena Kapoor has been named showstopper for the second consecutive year for Lakme Fashion Week Summer/Resort 2013. She will flaunt creations by Namrata Joshipura who is the grand finale designer.
The five-day fashion festival will start here March 22.
"Yes, Kareena, being the brand ambassador of Lakme, will be walking the ramp for the finale. She is quite excited about it," said Purnima Lamba, Head Innovations Lakme.
Kareena tied the knot with Saif Ali Khan last year and Lamba added he may join the audience in the front row.
"Saif is busy with his shoots, so he might come to admire her, but since the show is more to do with women, so he might not walk the ramp," she said.
As the finale designer, Joshipura plans to display a blend of contemporary and modern designs on the ramp.
"I had an interaction with Kareena and my focus would be to keep her look quite close to the essence of the show, which is contemporary modern," she said.
A day before the event, designer Tarun Tahiliani will have an off-site show.
As many as 87 designers including six Gen Next designers will participate in the event, which will see renowned designers like Bhairavi Jaikishan, Vikram Phadnis, Masaba Gupta, Manish Malhotra, Nishika Lulla and Rocky S showcasing a plethora of designs and colours on the ramp.
Lakme Fashion week Summer Resort 2013 has also come up with unique show 'Swadesh' to be prsented by Phadnis and it will speak about rural India.
"Swadesh is here to change the attitude of rural India," he said adding that it will be a surprise and "you all will miss a lot if you miss the show. I can assure you that it will be something that's unexpected".
User Comments & RatingsJoin India Forums for free to comment on this story. Have an account already? Use Quick Login to comment.
The actress is all set to be seen in a different avatar on a popular ...
To mark four-year celebration of TV show "Savdhaan India", the ...
Top Punjabi singers and rappers have personally reached out to Shahid ...
With the legal case going on with full blow, the two actors are seen ...
Disclaimer: All Logos and Pictures of various Channels, Shows, Artistes, Media Houses, Companies, Brands etc. belong to their respective owners, and are used to merely visually identify the Channels, Shows, Companies, Brands, etc. to the viewer. Incase of any issue please contact the webmaster.
Popular Channels :Star Plus | Zee TV | Sony TV | Colors TV | SAB TV | Life OK
Quick Links :Top 100 TV Celebrities | Top 100 Bollywood Celebs | About Us | Contact Us | Advertise | Forum Index


text:
Thank you!
love it!
Thank you DKB
Thanks Kurt!
Lovely seascape scene, not sure about the name of the place..........LOL.
Beautiful beach! and shoot!
Many thanks!
Please, I want to be there ..... beautiful!
Thank you!
Wow, you can almost hear the waves! :)
Thank you so much!
Amazing colors! Great picture!
Thank you, DKB!
Thank you!!
So wonderful..take me there :)
Thanks, Ally!
Amazing! Such gorgeous, bright colors! :)
Thank you so much!
Beautiful image!
Thank you!
Outstanding ✯ ✯ ✯ ✯ ✯ 👍
Excellent tonal values, wish I was there....!
Thank you
Beautiful colors!
See More Comments