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Want To Make History?
Your Daily Lesson In Excellence for Sunday, May 1, 2016.
"Skill in the art of communication is crucial to a leader's success. He can accomplish nothing unless he can communicate effectively."
~ Norman Allen
|Your Midas Motivational Moment...
This Audio is from Learn & Burn: Success Essentials! Learn More...
This TQ Factor of your performance (Synergize 7c) is important because it drives a feeling of INFLUENCE and LEVERAGE deep within you.
Want To Make History?
History is made by those individuals who possess the tenacity, courage and self-confidence to go after what they want.
Be the hero of your next hour.
Today's Big Idea For Action is from the Synergize Color: Dream Big -- Lead by Example & Inspire True Commitment.
Print this page. Get out a pen. Better, Sign In and Answer Online.
Now, ask yourself the following three questions:
- Who are your heroes? What personal characteristics do they share with you?
- Be bold at least once a day...Dare you?
- What will you do today to demonstrate your inner strength?
Need Help? Want a Personal Answer? eMail Us!
So, Are You Committed to Maximum Success?
Think about it. How well and how often do you actually do Synergize Factor 7C? (Dream Big -- Lead by Example & Inspire True Commitment.) No question, this is a major driver of personal and professional success.
A high commitment (7C rated 8 or better) suggests you do everything possible to inspire others in a positive way. You do your best to live your life as a model that others would choose to follow. You have inspiring visions and strive toward high ideals. You are capable of achieving huge goals, because you have motivated an army of people to contribute their time and talents, hearts and souls to the same dream. When this happens, they are happy to do whatever needs to be done, because they are swept up in the excitement of achieving the same mission as you.
Or not?
A lack of commitment suggests you are someone who underestimates the impact you have on others. You may believe that you have a personal mission -- and that only you can accomplish it. You may mistakenly believe that your personal mission is a solo race -- with no benefit to or effect on anyone else. Both of these beliefs limit your potential. Both restrict the unlimited possibilities that would be available if others could be inspired to join in, and benefit from, what you're trying to accomplish.
What happens when you do Factor 7C more frequently?
You have more power. Your enthusiasm and commitment inspires others to contribute their time and talents to the same inspirational goal.
You accumulate performance positives like "Inspiring, Charismatic and Visionary" -- immediately moving you towards the results you expect.
What happens when you fail to consistently do Factor 7C?
You have less power. Your limited vision fails to inspire others.
Negatives like "Uninspiring, Depressing and Self-Centered" start to take their toll on your performance -- quickly moving you away from the success you want.
Let's Power Up this TQ Factor even more!Dream Big -- Lead by Example & Inspire True Commitment.
If taking this Factor Action is natural for you — one of your CORE strengths — great! Now make it an even more consistent Factor of your success. Click Here Now...
If, on the other hand, you believe this Factor is a key performance obstacle — and that it's preventing you from realizing your personal dreams and goals — then you need to improve it. If you are not a TQ Gold Member, Click Here To Go Gold...
TQ System Members: Gain additional ideas to improve this area of your performance or to do a Success Challenge Debriefing. Investing 10-15 minutes today further boosting this success-critical skill will pay you handsome dividends for years.
After all, this is what the MOST successful people in the world KNOW... inside out... top to bottom. Maybe you should have that level of clarity as well.
So, really, do you or don't you: Dream Big -- Lead by Example & Inspire True Commitment.
Have Questions? Want Personal Answers? eMail Us!
It's Your Independence Day...
Let Freedom Ring... Let the White Dove Sing!
Let the Weak be Strong. Roll the Stone Away. Let the Guilty Pay.
You CAN achieve all your hopes and dreams.
People do it every day. So can you.
If you need a little help, schedule a Coaching Call...
Remember, Today's TQ is IMPORTANT to your success... now and in the future: Dream Big -- Lead by Example & Inspire True Commitment. We challenge you to find ways to take this Factor Action 3-4 times today.
Yes you... yes today!
Want a few more ideas to make it happen? Click Here...
- Pop in Buds... Press Play... Learn & Burn! More...
- Reinvent yourself by testing your TQ. Discover what you are doing RIGHT, what you are doing WRONG and exactly what you need to do DIFFERENT.
- Reconnect to your dreams, goals, and plans...
- Recommit to your performance. Decide what you will do different TODAY to produce greater results...
- Reinforce those commitments by listening to your Workshop CDs and placing your Signs for Success.
- Review our online performance commentaries. They just might change your life.
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"Becoming a member of ThinkTQ is the single smartest thing you will do today. It is the pathway to achieving all your dreams." ~ Jennifer Thompson, Gold Member
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This $160 TQ Starter Package includes your Daily Lessons in Intentional Excellence as well as a TQ Workshop of your choice -- FREE!
You will also receive the best book on Time Management ever written, Revelations of The Time Prism: Full Spectrum Time Management... as an instant download... absolutely FREE!
Remember, any information you enter anywhere on ThinkTQ.com is 100% private, and will not be given, sold or rented to others.
There is no requirement that you purchase anything. There are no reoccurring charges ever. You may cancel anytime and we will part friends.
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Sign Up for our Newsletter
PRSA Dallas
PRSA Dallas is the top-tier, professional public relations and communications organization in Dallas. Serving more than 300 public relations practitioners in North Texas, the chapter is comprised of unparalleled public relations and communications talent who impact all facets of the business-to-consumer and business-to-business markets in the North Texas region. We are agency leaders, corporate communication practitioners, crisis communication experts, investor relations executives, strategic counselors to the C-suite, media relations and social media gurus, freelancers, "wordsmith" pros and so much more.
We strive to increase and develop the knowledge, skill set and abilities of our members, honing their potential for leadership. PRSA Dallas members leverage the power of professional networking, educational programs and partnerships to open doors in their own career paths and gain a seat at the table as a trusted advisor. Join today!
Calling all Mentors and Mentees!
We are gearing up to launch the 2016 mentor program, which pairs PR and communications professionals in the first five years of their career with seasoned PR professionals with at least 10 years of experience. Mentors assist mentees in developing professional skills and passing along valuable knowledge to aid in the advancement of a mentees career.
Mentors meet with mentees throughout the year to discuss the PR profession and answer any questions mentees may have about the direction of their career. If you're a PR professional with at least 10 years of experience and want to share your knowledge of the communications industry with a rising PR professional, or if you are a young professional in the first five years of your career looking for a trusted mentor to answer your tough career questions, this program is for you.
If you're interested in participating as a mentor or mentee in the 2016 Mentor Program, please email Aisha Fletcher and Whitney Strittmatter at firstname.lastname@example.com and email@example.com with your name, company and number of years of experience as soon as possible.
Member Spotlight
Whitney Strittmatter, public relations specialist, QMobius
1. What made you decide to get into PR? When I left for college I was clueless about what I wanted to do, but I could tell you exactly what I did NOT want to do (i.e. math major, doctor, and the list goes on). My freshman year I studied interior design, and realized I enjoyed it more as a hobby rather than a career path. Thankfully, I had a great advisor at school who introduced me to the field of public relations. I began taking the courses, landed my first internship, and the rest is history!
2. What is the first PR job or client account you ever worked on? My first internship was with the Norman Economic Development Coalition (NEDC), in Norman, Oklahoma. I interned there for one year while attending the University of Oklahoma (Boomer Sooner)!
3. Who (or what) introduced you to PRSA Dallas and how long have you been a part of the chapter? In college, I was a member of PRSSA. After graduating, it was natural for me to join PRSA nationally, and I ultimately decided to join the Dallas chapter. I have been a member for nearly three years.
4. Any hobbies or quirks to confess? I enjoy exploring Dallas! Even though I grew up in the suburbs of Dallas, I was not familiar with the city itself. I knew how to get to the Galleria and Northpark. Since moving to the heart of Dallas in August 2015, I keep a running list of restaurants to try, places to visit and events to attend.
5. What is your favorite hole-in-the-wall restaurant? I can't say either are hole-in-the-wall restaurants necessarily, but I'm a fan of Quarter Bar located in Uptown and HG Supply located in Greenville. They have the best rooftop bars with a great view of Downtown Dallas. You can normally find me frequenting one of the two.
Upcoming Events
May 12, 2016 Monthly Luncheon
May 12, 2016
"Travel Trends, Pop Culture and Captain Obvious: How Hotels.com Uses Data to Drive Successful Campaigns Big and Small"
PRSA Dallas NuPros Happy HourJune 02, 2016
PR Essentials: Learn How to Build Lasting Relationships with Media Professionals

subset: commoncrawl


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Via @MapleLeafs
• There's a lockout a-coming. Are you prepared? Mike Brown is. He's been getting ready to look unemployed for months and I'd say he's finally there. [Instagram]
• Labor update: nothing is happening. [TSN]
• But the NHLPA was still plenty busy Wednesday dispelling myths, such as the idea that they're "stonewalling" the NHL: "The players are not 'stonewalling'. They have simply refused to accept the owners' outrageous demands. There was and is plenty of time to reach an agreement and begin the season without interruption." [NHLPA]
• They also distributed a memo Wednesday night titled "How does a lockout affect me?" It explains that injured players are still entitled to pay, recommends that players heading overseas purchase disability insurance, and may or may not feature a voucher for a free Subway sandwich. So yeah, there's probably going to be a lockout. [USA Today]
• Shea Weber's contract has been finalized, and it does not include a no-trade or no-movement clause, and thank God for that. [The Tennesseean]
• How Alex Ovechkin can make the most of the lockout: "Alexander Ovechkin should tell Dynamo, CSKA and Medvedev to kick rocks and make public overtures about his desire, should the NHL lock its players out, to play for... Lokomotiv Yaroslavl for a League-minimum salary." [Japers Rink]
• David Gunnarsson's Optimus Reim mask for James Reimer is as excellent as you'd expect it to be. [Dave Art]
• A six-month assessment by a special task force has found significant deficiencies in the structures and processes that are designed to provide oversight of the BU men's ice hockey program. For instance, "a culture of sexual entitlement." Yeah, that's never good. [BU Today] stick-tap Chuck from What's Up Ya Sieve?
• The "Sorry I was So Bad Last Season" Calgary Flames Apology Tour is coming to your town. [Flames Nation]
• How a lockout could really hurt NBC. [Montreal Gazette]
• Here's an interview with Glendale mayor Elaine Scruggs, who says she's interviewed Greg Jamison and he has his finances in order to purchase the Phoenix Coyotes, but is waiting on the city of Glendale to sign off on the deal. [KJZZ]
• With the signings of Taylor Hall and Jordan Eberle, the Edmonton Oilers have blown past the very safeguards put in place to protect them. [Toronto Star]
• The Green Men have been inducted into ESPN's inaugural Hall of Fans. What's more, they were the big winners. [PITB]
• Can the Toronto Maple Leafs take advantage of a lower salary cap? Yes, in the sense that it will stop Brian Burke from doing things sooner. [The Hockey Writers]
• Cyclist Bob McEnaney is riding in the Furnace Creek 508 to raise funds for Jack Jablonski, who suffered a major spinal cord injury in a tragic hockey incident. Go donate. [Indiegogo]
• Evgeni Malkin goes full Russian, playing hockey in a cap with ear flaps and felt boots.
- Ice Hockey
- Sports & Recreation


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Solution Overview
Ubuntu Security Notice (C) 2006-2013 Canonical, Inc. / NASL script (C) 2007-2013 Tenable Network Security, Inc.
Synopsis :
The remote Ubuntu host is missing one or more security-related patches.
Description :
Several buffer overflows were found in libmms. By tricking a user into
opening a specially crafted remote multimedia stream with an
application using libmms, a remote attacker could overwrite an
arbitrary memory portion with zeros, thereby crashing the program.
In Ubuntu 5.10, this affects the GStreamer MMS plugin
(gstreamer0.8-mms). Other Ubuntu releases do not support this library.
Solution :
Update the affected libmms-dev and / or libmms0 packages.
Risk factor :
Medium / CVSS Base Score : 5.1
Family: Ubuntu Local Security Checks
Nessus Plugin ID: 27884 ()
Bugtraq ID:
The cookie settings on this website are set to 'allow all cookies' to give you the very best website experience. If you continue without changing these settings, you consent to this - but if you want, you can opt out of all cookies by clicking below.


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Senior Member
Last Activity: 29th November 2014 07:03 AM
Most Thanked
Post Summary
I've put together a review with a video comparing it to the Apple iPad Air. Hope you guys like it. http://tbreak.ae/reviews/sony-xperia-z2-tablet-review Let me know if there is anything else you want me to test.
It's here! Ask away if you have any questions
Also the fact that custom ROMs keep updating very frequently and I have itchy fingers. Think I'm tired of that. Unless a serious bug is present in stock ROM that HTC is taking too long to fix or maybe when Viper releases their ROM for the One, I'm...
Any idea if an unlocked version will be available for this?
Looks like the One will land in the Middle East in the 3rd week of March for around $700 http://www.tbreak.com/news/htc-one-shows-up-for-pre-order-in-middle-east I'm super excited about it and looking forward to getting one.


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Can anyone recommend any freeware/shareware for creating an editable year planner? - or just a regular calendar program which has a mechanism for displaying a whole year at a time.
EDIT: Ok, I'll even consider paying for the software as it looks like this may be a hard to find item.
EDIT: It looks like there is a gap in the market here if anyone feels like writing some shareware... With super large monitors (1920x1200 and up) becoming ever cheaper, editable year planners are now a very viable product... I'll volunteer to beta test it for you :-)


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Comments about 'Goal-getter Anderson headed to Beijing after conquering self-doubt and frustration'
- Oldest first
- Newest first
- Most recommended
Make us proud, Lindsey!
- 5:38 a.m. July 23, 2008
- Like
- Report abuse
Good Luck!
- 8:54 a.m. July 23, 2008
- Like
- Report abuse
As a long-ago competitor and one who enjoys following track and field, I've wondered where this woman came from and what her story was ever since she burst on the scene as national champion in the steeple, since it was bound to be inspirational. What a great story of overcoming self-doubt and excelling in a tough, tough sport. (Maybe it's the pregnancy hormones but I was even a little teary-eyed by the end of the article.) Great job getting this far, Lindsey, and we'll be cheering for you in August!
- 8:53 a.m. July 23, 2008
- Like
- Report abuse
Lindsey will make us proud. She is a woman of great grace and will work toward her goals. Utah will be represented well.
- 8:58 a.m. July 23, 2008
- Like
- Report abuse
I got a little emotional when reading this article. It's neat to hear her story and focus to push through tough times and come out on top. I will be following her the whole way through. Good Luck!
- 10:04 a.m. July 23, 2008
- Like
- Report abuse
As a Weber State alum, I read about your accomplishemnts with so much pride.
Good luck, no matter what happens, we are all proud of you!
By the way, I hear gold medals are nice :)
- 2:41 p.m. July 23, 2008
- Like
- Report abuse
A great article on an even nicer young woman! I am glad to see that she never gave up on her dreams. As an ex-coach of track and field she wasn't on the "radar" of the bigger schools but got hooked up with a great distance coach in Paul Pilkington and the rest...is just great stuff. Interesting side note: both Paul and Eddie Eyestone will have athletes they have coached in the Olympics. Way to give back guys! That is what it is all about.
- 5:26 p.m. July 23, 2008
- Like
- Report abuse
Congrats Lindsey! You are living out my dream. I enjoyed reading your story. Making the Olympic team is an amazing accomplishment. Enjoy Beijing, you've earned it!!
- 11:31 p.m. July 23, 2008
- Like
- Report abuse
Lindsey, it was a thrilling experience watching your race at the Olympis Trials. May you experience even greater success in Beijing!
- 9:07 a.m. July 25, 2008
- Like
- Report abuse
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Dont stress about training them now, wait 6 months, they will be ready. Ive seen so many PT posts and frustration and I would like this to end...please? :)
The kids are not ready if its taking too long and dont understand the parents frustration, leading to crying, confustion and stress. Dont listen to your parents or family members who insist, do it when the kids are ready. It its taking more than 2 weeks, they aint ready. We trained at age 2.5 in 3 days, as she was ready.


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There is a game humans often play when experiencing stress. For leaders, the avoidance game can tilt the culture or markedly slow down growth.
Posts Tagged 'leaders'
[As a young man starting out on his business career, looking around to those who have gone before him for guidance, knowledge and inspiration…]


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July 22 2011
Checking in with the Featured Group
Filed under: Rickie Fowler (32102) Lucas Glover (25900) Anthony Kim (29718) Round 2 RBC Canadian Open
It appears your browser may be outdated. For the best website experience, we recommend updating your browser. learn more
© 1995-2016 PGA TOUR, Inc | All Rights Reserved.
PGA TOUR, PGA TOUR Champions, Web.com Tour, and the Swinging Golfer design are registered trademarks.
Web.com is also a registered trademark used here with permission, and used in the Web.com Tour logo with permission.


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Follow The Republic on social media:
Russell G. Good, 87, of Lookout Ridge Drive, died at 8:55 p.m. Tuesday, Oct. 2, 2012, at his home.
Arrangements are incomplete at Barkes, Weaver & Glick Funeral Home.
A completel obituary will appear in Sunday's edition of The Republic.
All content copyright ©2016 The Republic, a publication of AIM Media Indiana unless otherwise noted.
All rights reserved. Privacy policy.


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Please Contact MODIA Prior to Returning Any Products
Please read carefully. Any product returned without prior authorization by MODIA will not be accepted. Please call
877-622-6407 for a Return Authorization Number.
Non-Returnable Items
MODIA is unable to accept returns of the following products:
* Special Order Products
* Televisions
* A/V Furniture
* Made-to-order or cut-to-order audio or video cables
* Any product with a service activation feature (i.e., Blu-Ray players with NetFlix capability, satellite receivers, etc.)
Return Policy
All new, factory sealed, unopened products can be returned to MODIA within thirty (30) days of your purchase date. Your options on refunds include full credit for the items purchased (not including shipping charges) or a full credit exchange for another product. If a product exchange is done additional shipping charges may apply. Please contact MODIA at (877) 622-6407 for a Return Authorization Number.
Defective products can be returned to MODIA within thirty (30) days of the purchase date except non-returnable items listed above. A detailed description of the product defect (and if possible, what makes the problem occur) is required. Non-returnable items must be serviced under manufacturers warranty once shipment is accepted. If the item returned is found to be in good working order (non-defective) a 20% restocking fee will be assessed. Additional fees may apply if the returned product is not complete (missing accessories, warranty cards, remote control, owners manual, bar codes, etc.) Your options on refunds include full credit by the same method of payment used for the original purchase or a full credit exchange for another product. If a product exchange is done additional shipping charges may apply.
Packaging Your Merchandise for Return to MODIA.
All returned merchandise must include all factory packed accessories, in the original carton, with all UPC and Bar Codes intact. There should be no writing of any kind on the manufacturer's box. Your Return Authorization Number must be displayed prominently on the outside of the shipping box. Products missing hardware, accessories, owner's manuals, remote controls, UPC or Bar Codes or any other included accessories will be assessed charges for the missing parts. The returned product must be double boxed and your Return Authorization Number should be included on the outside of the shipping container.
Return Shipping Costs
The customer is responsible for shipping of any returned merchandise to our warehouse, along with payment of the associated charges incurred with such shipment. If you are shipping a product back to us for a defective exchange MODIA will pay for the outbound shipping charges incurred in sending you a replacement product. We must receive any merchandise back at our warehouse no later than thirty (30) days after we provide you with a Return Authorization Number or it may be refused.
Please Note: Customers will receive a full credit on any merchandise returned to MODIA as "undeliverable" or refused minus
the cost of return shipping charges incurred by MODIA. This policy excludes products damaged during shipping.
Refund Processing
Any returned product meeting the above requirements will have the return processing and any credits completed within 21 business days.
Phone Number to call to receive a Return Authorization Number: 877-622-6407
Product returns must be shipped to:
Home Theater Store
Attn: Returns
6808 Hornwood St.
Houston, TX 77074
Contact this seller Phone: 877-622-6407


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The hotel passes the looks test when first arriving. Its located in a nice area. Lobby and exterior are good. It appears to be a newer place. Check in was smooth and we were off to the room. The elevators and corridors are nice. Our room was nice. Just as I expected. We even received a call from he desk... More
What is Certificate of Excellence?
TripAdvisor awards a Certificate of Excellence to accommodations, attractions and restaurants that consistently earn great reviews from travellers.


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This job posting is no longer available on Indeed.
Find similar jobs:Account Receivable Clerk jobs
- NC Services jobs
NC Services Group Ltd. (NCSG) is fast becoming an employer of choice in the construction services industry!
We are currently looking for an Accounts Receivable Clerk.
Overview: Reporting to the AR Manager, the AR Clerk will be responsible for invoicing in NexGen (Fleet Management System) for all branch offices. The successful candidate will also perform some collections, and be well versed in third party accounting systems, i.e., Ariba, CDMS, Open Invoice.
To Apply: Qualified applicants are invited to submit their resume by e-mail or fax, quoting Job Title and where you viewed the posting, to: Fax: 1-877-793-5298
Company Profile: NC Services Group Ltd. provides comprehensive lift and heavy haul services throughout North America. Incorporated in Alberta, Canada in September 2006, NC Services Group Ltd. has grown to over 370 employees North America wide.
NC Services Group Ltd. believes in employee ownership. Because management and employees have a vested interest in the company, their dedication to the growth and stability of NCSG ensures the integrity and quality of services provided to our customers is beyond reproach. By providing the greatest value, not only to our customers but also to our employees, our communities, our shareholders and the environment, NCSG is the lift and heavy haul solutions provider of choice in North America.
For more information please visit us at www.ncsg.com


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Though the gossips had them pegged as an item, teacher Rachel Woodward was merely helping Sean Bates, the new guidance counselor, learn small-town ways. But his looks and charm were almost irresistible. And it was a good thing Rachel no longer fell prey to romantic insanity.
Yet she couldn' t ignore Sean, or how wonderfully he cared for the sweet, rambunctious five-year-old who' d landed in their school-- and both their hearts. Little Samantha needed a father, and Sean would be the perfect man for the job. But she needed a mother, too... and suddenly Rachel wondered if God had a family in store for her after all.


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Chamfer Bits
- • Chamfer Bits
- • End-to-End Mitering
- • Edge-to-Edge Mitering
Edge-to-Edge Mitering
1. Rip and crosscut all of your workpieces to their finished width and length. Adjust the chamfer bit for a full-height cut and position your router table's fence for a shallow cut. Make this cut on both edges of all of the workpieces. Move the fence back for a slightly deeper cut and repeat, doing this until your miter cuts on both edges come to within about 1/8" of the top of each workpiece.
2. Adjust the fence so the chamfer bit cuts the full miter without reducing the workpiece's width. (For precise results, make test cuts in scrap stock.) Make your final miter cuts on both edges as shown at left.
For more in-depth information on routing, visit the Routing Techniques section in the WOOD Store.
This is a great illustration to show the differences of chamfer bit. My uncle has several chamfer boards that he just bought and we're trying to figure what the correct way would be to put chamfer bits in them. As you may know we're not very familiar with timber products but yet, we would like to know more. http://www.virginiabuilding.com.au/timber-products3/18/2015 07:40:35 PM Report Abuse
How do you chamfer stock that is thicker than the bit depth? The bearing impedes workpiece - or am I missing something?8/4/2013 12:26:50 PM Report Abuse
I'm a pretty new woodworker, and just added a chamfer bit to my bit portfolio. Just used it o ease the joint of a box lid to the box carcas, what a great looking joint. Thanks for the article on this type of bit.12/15/2010 09:49:20 PM Report Abuse
Add your comment
Please confirm your comment by answering the question below and clicking "Submit Comment."


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Key things you need to know aboutDr. Bricio:
Phone & Address
Check insurance plans, locations and make an appointment
Accepting new patients?
- Yes
Dr. Bricio's Offices
- Memorial Division Of Cardiac Services
- Memorial Division Of Cardiac Services
- 20803 Biscayne Blvd Ste 204
- Aventura, FL 33180
(954) 228-4288
- (954) 265-7900
- Directions
- Prepare for Your Appointment
7 Tips to Prepare for Your Appointment
The key to a successful appointment is communication. To get the most out of your visit, prepare ahead of time so you can lead the conversation with your doctor. These 7 tips will get you ready
Dr. Bricio's Experience
Research training, expertise and qualifications
Dr. Bricio's Care Philosophy
Dr. Bricio's Specialties
- Cardiology
Procedures Dr. Bricio Performs
- Ablation for Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias
- Cardiac Catheterization (incl. Coronary Angiography)
- See all 16 procedures
Conditions Dr. Bricio Treats
- Aneurysm
- Angina and Acute Coronary Syndrome
- See all 42 conditions
More About Dr. Bricio's Background
Hospital Quality
The right hospital is as important as the right doctor
- Memorial Regional Hospital
- 3501 Johnson St
- Hollywood, FL 33021
- Aventura Hospital & Medical Center
- 20900 Biscayne Blvd
- Aventura, FL 33180
9 Facts About Hospital Quality
Patients' risk of dying during a hospital stay for heart bypass surgery could be 87.4% lower, on average, at a hospital rated 5 stars compared to a hospital rated 1 star for that procedure. Choosing the right hospital is critical to your health. View Slideshow
Patient Satisfaction
Patients' feedback on their experience with Dr. Bricio
Likelihood of recommending Dr. Bricio to family and friends is 5 out of 5 5 1 23
See More Survey Results
8 Facts About Patient Satisfaction Surveys
Patient satisfaction surveys provide a standardized way of reporting about healthcare experiences. But there can be more than meets the eye when reviewing scores. Here's what you should know
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The link you entered contains bad characters or identifiers. Please enter the link exactly as it appears in your email or text message.
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This confirms that we have received your survey about Dr. Bricio. Please note: Your insights will help other patients make informed decisions. Please note: it may take 1 business day for your survey response to appear.
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Our records show that you have already confirmed your survey for Dr. Bricio. Please note: it takes 24 hours for your survey results to show up on the doctor's profile.


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Irish Women Finish Fifth, Men Finish Seventh At ACC Championships
Molly Seidel (5th), Danielle Aragon (19th) and Michael Clevenger (21st) nab All-ACC honors.
Irish Cross Country Squads Wrap Up Regular Season Slate At Elite Wisconsin Adidas Invitational
Timothy Ball (44th) and Molly Seidel (28th) led Irish finishers among a packed ranked field.
Irish Women's Cross Country Team Impressive With Third-Place Finish At Notre Dame Invitational
Junior Molly Seidel continues to run strong with a fifth-place showing among some of the nation's top runners.
Notre Dame Women First, Men Second At National Catholic Championships
Irish runners Molly Seidel and Jake Kildoo win individual crowns in their respective races.
35th Annual National Catholic Championships Set For Friday
The annual event gets underway at 3:30 p.m. at the Notre Dame Golf Course.
National Catholic Championships (Sept. 19, 2014)
The Irish welcomed in Catholic schools from around the country for the 35th annual National Catholic Championships.
AS A JUNIOR: Competed in five meets during the cross country season ... started the year with a seventh-place finish in the Crusader Invitational 4K (11:19.7) ... finished 10th at the National Catholic Championship 5M (25:24.94) ... competed at the ACC Championships 8K … earned a cross country monogram … competed in two meets during the indoor track season … placed 11th in the 3,000 meters at the Notre Dame Invitational (8:32.34) … placed 49th in the 3,000 at the Meyo Invitational (8:48.92).
AS A SOPHOMORE:Competed in three meets during the cross country season ... placed fifth out of 27 runners in the Crusader Invitational 6K (19:35.7) ... finished second of 22 runners in the JV race at the National Catholic Championship 5M (26:05) ... Competed in four meets during the indoor track andfield season ... recorded a season-best time of 8:44.59 in the 3000m run at the Alex Wilson Invitational while finishing sixth of eight runners ... Competed in one outdoor meet -- the Border Battle -- running his way to an eighth place finish in the 5000m run (15:49.02).
AS A FRESHMAN: Competed in two meets during the cross country season ... placed 21st out of 276 runners on the five-mile course at the National Catholic Championship (25:24.2) ... took 29th out of 127 runners in the five-mile gold race at the Notre Dame Invitational (25:22) ... did not compete during the track and field season.
HIGH SCHOOL AND PERSONAL: Graduated from El Toro High School (Lake Forest, Calif.) in the spring of 2012 ... lettered three years each in cross country and track andfield ... named first team all-league, all-county, all-CIF Southern Section and all-state as a senior in cross country ... league champion in cross country as a senior ... finished third in the SouthernSection, fourth in state and 37th at Foot Locker Nationals ... in track andfield was a state qualifier in the 3200m ... won league and CIF Southern Section championship in 3200m ... named El Toro Male Athlete of the Year ... as a junior was named first team all-league, all-county, all-CIF Southern Section and all-state ... finished third in theSouthern Section, fifth in the California state meet and 37th in the Nike Cross Nationals ... named Orange County Cross Country Runner of the Year ... academically was an AP Scholar and a National Merit Scholarship semi-finalist ... born in Mission Viejo, Calif., to Robert and Lisa Durham ... has an older sister, Meghan, and a younger brother, Grady ... enrolled in the Mendoza College of Business and majoring in Marketing.


text:
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text:
Class warfare looms in 2011
We've already gotten a harbinger of the class warfare that the emboldened Republican right will wage against the people when the new Congress convenes in January.
Jobs summit 2.0
Because of corporate foot-dragging on jobs we think a White House summit with representatives of the nation's 26 million unemployed and underemployed workers is very much in order at this time.
Making a judgment on the tax deal
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text:
Kichler 9654WH
White Madison Single Light 23" Tall Outdoor Wall Sconce with Clear Beveled Glass Panels
Item # BCI1586667 | Model # 9654WH | Madison Collection
Call our Certified Kichler Experts for the best price!
Questions about Kichler 9654WH?
Contact us for advice or more details. Our product specialists are here to help.
With its timeless colonial profile, the Madison is the perfect line of outdoor fixtures for those looking to embellish classic sophistication.
- Housing is constructed of cast aluminum, providing years of reliable performance and resistance to the elements
- Composed of multiple glass pieces, beveled glass shades offer a traditional style
- Ultra secure mounting assembly
- Covered under Kichler's 1-year limited warranty
- Complete this outdoor look with the entire line from the Madison Collection - see Related Items
- Height: 22.75"
- Width: 9.5" (measured from furthest point left to furthest point right on fixture)
- Length: 10.5"
- Backplate Height: 4.375"
- Backplate Width: 7.5"
- Product Weight: 7 lbs
- Height to Center of Outlet: 16.5" (height from center of outlet)
Electrical Specifications:
- Bulb Base: Medium (E26)
- Number of Bulbs: 1
- Bulb Included: No
- Bulb Type: Compact Fluorescent, Incandescent
- Watts Per Bulb: 150
- Maximum Wattage: 150 watts
- Voltage: 120 (U.S. standard line voltage)
Additional Kichler Links
This Kichler item can also be referenced by the following color/finish specific model #:
- Kichler 9654BK
- Kichler 9654TZ
Tannery Bronze
- Kichler 9654WH
*Discontinued model or finish
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Product Videos
Do It Yourself: Installing an Outdoor Wall SconceLearn how to change out your wall sconce to update your home. Follow Justin Bergson as he shows you the step-by-step procedure in making this project a quick and simple one


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 10, 1990
|Filing date
|May 16, 1988
|Priority date
|Dec 10, 1985
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Ryoichi Watanabe
|Original Assignee
|Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (8), Classifications (5), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 939,975, filed 12/10/86, now abandoned.
This invention relates generally to an image signal processing method. More particularly, the invention relates to such a method for measuring background density of image data and setting an optimum threshold value for processing image data through binary digitization on the basis of the background density being measured.
Various devices and systems such as image readers, copying machines and fascimiles have heretofore been devised. Furthermore a microfilm reader for use as an image processing system has also been developed recently.
Prior to describing the present invention, a description will be given of the microfilm reader as an image processing system.
With an increase in the quantity of information, the number of papers with various pieces of information has increased by leaps and bounds. As a result, special emphasis has been laid on the introduction of a system for storing a number of papers in a minimum space and making them retrievable. In order to meet such a demand, bits of information recorded on paper must be first condensed and recorded on certain means for preserving purposes. Microfilm and optical disks are now in use as the recording means. The microfilm for storing two-dimensional data is advantageous in that it can be preserved for a long period of time, produced in court for use as evidence, copied a number of times as one and the same source of information and so on. On the other hand, the optical disk can record a great deal of data, add and renew the data on a real time basis in a digital form. Its advantage is that the data thus recorded can be interfaced with a computer and utilized as it is for transmission.
In order to make the best use of their advantages, it has been proposed that originals such as papers are successively and collectively photographed onto microfilm, together with retrieval data for retrieving data carried thereon. This microfilmed data is recorded on an optical disk. The original data recorded on the optical disk together with the retrieval data may be read and printed out or used by anyone to prepare another microfilm anytime. It can also be directly transmitted to a remote location through a facsimile. In consequence, a high degree of data utilization becomes possible.
FIGS. 1 through 3 are block diagrams showing a microfilm reader for use as an image processing system for writing data from originals to an optical disk.
Referring to FIG. 1, the microfilm reader will be outlined.
The microfilm reader is designed to first record original image data such as characters, graphs and digital data recorded in a computer memory as microfilm data and to read only the desired data out of the microfilm data using its microfilm scanner to file it onto an optical disk.
As shown in FIG. 1, the original image data contained on papers 10 are taken by a microfilm camera 20 (simply called the "camera" hereinafter) onto a microfilm and subjected to ordinary development 30 to prepare a microfilm 40. The microfilm 40 may be a 16 mm rolled microfilm 42, 35 mm rolled microfilm 44, microfiche film 46 or aperture film 48.
Subsequently, the image data stored on the microfilm 40 is read out by a microfilm scanner 100 and converted into digital image data PS, which together with control data for controlling the order wherein the images have been taken is sent to an optical disk recorder 200 wherein the image data PS, together with the control data, are stored in an optical disk 50. When the data PS is read out, a special kit 102 is loaded with the microfilm 40 in position and the microfilm 40 is scanned with an image sensor 104. Moreover, the image is projected on a screen 106, if necessary, and, while being viewed, converted into a digital form. When the image data PS is recorded on the optical disk 50 in the optical disk recorder 200, the image data PS supplied thereto by a scanner 202 is read out and displayed by a CRT display unit 204. While the image data thus displayed is viewed, index data indicative of the contents and kinds thereof is input using a keyboard 206 to write the data to the optical disk 50. The index data may be supplied using the keyboard 206 while the image projected on the screen 106 of the microfilm scanner 100. The input work of this kind is normally carried out by one operator with a processing capacity of about 3,000 pages per 8 hours. A personal computer system 60 may be provided to increase the speed of the input work. In this case, a plurality of personal computers, e.g., two of them 62 and 64 may be installed. That is, one personal computer 62 is used to feed index data through a keyboard 62a for data displayed on the screen 106 of the microfilm scanner 100, whereas the other personal computer 64 is used to supply index data by means of a keyboard 22a while the screen 106 of another special microfilm reader 100a is viewed. As a result, both floppy disks 66 and 68 are stored with the data. A floppy disk device 70 of the optical disk recorder 200 is loaded with the floppy disks 66 and 68 to read the data and write the index data corresponding to the image data stored in the optical disk 50.
Another possible arrangement is to make it possible that the index data prepared by the personal computer 62 and 64 can be inputted to the microfilm scanner 100, whereby the index data, together with the image and control data, are transferable to the optical disk recorder 200 by providing the microfilm scanner 100 with the retrieving function.
Referring to FIG. 2 an example of the construction of the microfilm scanner 100 will be described.
The microfilm scanner 100 roughly consists of an optical reader 120 for reading image data on a microfilm, a driving section 140 of the optical reader 120, a signal processor 160 for supplying the signal form the optical reader 120 to an optical device recorder 200 and a controller 180 for controlling the driver 140 and the signal processor 160.
The optical reader 120 is equipped with an illuminating system 122 having a light source 1222 and condenser lenses 1224. An image projecting system 126 has a microfilm holder 124 for holding the microfilm 40 with pressure glasses 1242a and 1242b for preventing an image from distorting, a projection lens 1262, focusing lenses 1264, 1266, a half-mirror 1268 and a screen 106. Supply and winding reels 128a and 128b supply the microfilm 40 to the illuminating passage. A mark sensor 130 optically detects blip marks attached to the microfilm 40 or the difference in density between the frames. A sensor 132 detects the density data of the microfilm for image-reading under optimum conditions, i.e., automatic exposure control. A sensor section 134 uses an image sensor 104 to scan the optical image data subjected to beam splitting and projected through the half-mirror 1268 and converts the data into an electric signal. In this case, the focusing lenses 1264 and 1266 may be omitted, provided there is used an image sensor 104 capable of reading an image of original size prior to being compacted to a micro-image, i.e., reading the enlarged image as it is.
The driving section 140 is equipped with a drive controller 142 for driving the supply and winding reels 128a and 128b according to the signal from the mark sensor 130 to convey the microfilm 40 on a frame basis. A driving circuit 150 controls a motor 148 for driving a screw-nut mechanism mechanically coupled to the transverse direction of the image sensor 104. The image sensor 104 can scan the transmitted light as the motor 148 rotates.
The signal processor 160 is equipped with a drive reading circuit 162, a line density switching circuit 164 and an RS422 data port 166. The drive reading circuit 162 moves the image sensor 104 for focusing purposes based on the film density data obtained by the sensor 132 so that the image-reading can be carried out under optimum conditions. The drive reading circuit 162 sends the image data detected by the image sensor 104 and subjected to photoelectric conversion to the line density switching circuit 164. The line density switching circuit 164 sends out the image data at a given suitable density of 16 or 8 limes/mm to the optical disk recorder 200 through the data line 166.
The controller 180 is designed to control the driving section 140 and the signal processor 160 and is equipped with a central processor unit (CPU) 182, and RS232 data port 184 for causing data CS such as control image data and the like to be exchanged between the CPU 182 and the optical disk device 200, and a personal computer 186 for transmitting a command to the CPU 182 through the data port 184. The controller 180 is further so arranged as to control the drive controller 144 and the driving circuit 150 through an interface 142 according to the instructions from a keyboard 143. In this way also, another command is given from the keyboard 143 to the CPU 182.
The optical disk recorder 200 will subsequently be described, of which FIG. 3 is a block diagram.
The recorder 200 is equipped with an CPU 210, a ROM 212, a RAM 214, a CRT 216, a keyboard 218 and an interface 220 which are connected to a bus 222 common to them. The interface 220 is connected to the floppy disk device 70 or a host CPU 224. To the host CPU 224 is connected, through a bus 226, a graphic processor 228, a scanner 202 and the microfilm scanner 100. Those elements are provided with a controller 240 for controlling writing and reading data to and from the floppy disk 50 and a driving section 260 for the floppy disk 50 through an interface 230 and a bus 232.
The writing and reading controller 240 controls writing image data and reading the image data thus filed in its disk data controller 242. The writing of the data is carried out by generating a laser beam LB from a laser driver 246 through a modulator 244 according to the image, control and index data read out of the scanner 202.
The reading of the data from the optical disk 50 is carried out by a photo cell 250 coupled to a reading head 248. The data optically picked up in the photo cell 250 is passed through a cell processor 252 and then demodulated by a demodulator 254. In this case, the position of the head 248 is focused to the surface of the optical disk 50 by means of a focusing mechanism 256 to read accurate data out of the cell 250.
On the other hand, the driving section 260 is divided into sector and cross field control systems. The sector control system is controlled by a sector controller 262, whereas the cross field control system is controlled by a cross feed controller 272. The sector controller 262 controls a spindle motor 266 through a driver 264 and its actual position is detected by a sector wheel 268 and a sector pulse counter 270 so as to set it to the sector command position by feeding back the data detected by the sector controller 262.
The cross feed controller 272 controls a linear motor 276 through a driver 274 and its controlled position is detected by moire stripes 278 and a grating device 280, its position being set to the cross feed commanding position by feeding back the data detected to the cross feed control means 272.
The use of the microfilm reader heretofore proposed makes it possible to store not only the existing data stored on a microfilm but also additional data that has not been converted into the above form of a microfilm. The additional data can include data available in the future that is fit for being filed in an optical disk. It is thus possible to retrieve all the data thus stored and to utilize it on an on-line basis.
In the above microfilm reader, as shown in FIG. 4, an image (forming a picture element matrix) is projected onto the microfilm 40 and is formed on the exposure stand 1342 of the micro-reader with illuminating light from the light source 1222. This projected image is read by the one-dimensional image sensor 104 used to scan in the main scanning direction (X) of the sensor array direction and in the auxiliary direction (Y) of the mechanical sensor driving direction. The reading also makes available image data (image signal) from the sensor 104 on a picture element basis in a time-serial form, the image data being thus digitized in binary form and outputted for second-stage processing.
In digitizing the image signal, the threshold level must be determined for the binary digitization of the image signal. When a conventional method for setting up the threshold level is applied to the microfilm reader, the film density is detected by measuring the mean value of the light of an image projected separately from the image which is scanned to obtain the image signal. The threshold level is thus determined from the density obtained from the mean light measurement.
In the case of the mean light measurement, however, it is executed by approximately measuring the density distribution over a somewhat wide range of picture plane, e.g., one-quarter of the total projected image. If there is a portion that slips out of the light measuring range, i.e. is effectively transparent, the density thus measured is apt to incline toward the value in the transparent portion and does not always reflect an accurate film density.
Provided the conventional means light measurement is applied, the problem is that an accurate threshold level for binarization (binary digitization) cannot be obtained.
Although there is a method for manually setting the threshold level, it can never be adjustable to a proper value because the background of some film fluctuates by a large margin.
In addition, when an amount of light suitable for reading image data on the microfilm or other kind of films is manually set, test photographing needs to be carried out for several times. However, a slight fluctuation in the amount of light from the suitable value causes the reproduced image data to become black on the whole surface. For this reason, adjustment of the amount of light has actually been very delicate and difficult.
An object of the present invention is therefore to provide an image processing method for accurately, properly and automatically digitizing image data obtained by reading an image with an image sensor.
In order to accomplish the above object, the background density is obtained from the electrical image signals which are to be binary digitized, an extremum value of the electrical signals is obtained which is related to a background level of the image, and a threshold value is obtained from the extremum value. The threshold value is used for binary digitization of the image signals.
A first version of an image signal processing method of the present invention includes the procedure of properly setting a threshold value for use in binary digitizing image data. This threshold setting procedure comprises smoothing the output of the image data obtained by scanning the negative film of an image being projected and read, obtaining a minimum value from the output distribution obtained by the smoothing, and obtaining the background density of the image data from the minimum value to set an optimum threshold value through digitization corresponding to the background density.
While the present invention is executed, the optimum value for binary digitization is prestored in a table memory by relating the optimum value to a background density value and an optimum threshold value should preferably be read out depending on the background density value.
According to a second version of an image signal reading method of the present invention, the method for setting an optimum threshold value for the binary digitization of image data comprises obtaining a maximum value of the output of image data from the output distribution thereof obtained by scanning the positive film of an image being projected and read with an image sensor, and obtaining the background density of the image data for setting a threshold value from the maximum value to set the optimum threshold value for binary digitization depending on the background density.
While this version of the present invention is executed, the optimum value for binary digitization is prestored in a table memory by relating the optimum value to the background density value and the optimum threshold value should preferably be read depending on the background density value.
Since the minimum or maximum value of the output of the image data read out of the image sensor is set as the background density according to the present invention, the background density can be measured accurately and quickly and a proper digitization threshold value can properly be set on the basis of the background density. Further, automatic exposure of the film can be carried out on the basis of the data of the background density being measured.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a microfilm reader to which the present invention is applicable.
FIG. 2 is a diagram explanatory of a microfilm scanner as part of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a diagram explanatory of an optical disk recorder as part of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a diagram explanatory of two-dimensional scanning of an image by the image sensor.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an image signal processing method according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a circuit for mainly measuring the film density and setting the threshold level for illustrating an example of the binary circuit.
FIGS. 7(A) and 7(B) are signal waveform charts explanatory of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the relation of the film density and the minimum value of the signal passed through the low-pass filter to the binary level.
FIG. 9 is a signal waveform chart for illustrating an example of the input image data.
FIGS. 10(A)-10(C) are a block diagrams explanatory of three binary digitization methods so arranged as to accurately digitizize the high frequency component of the image according to the present invention.
FIGS. 11(A)-11(C) are diagrams explanatory of a first digitization method of FIG. 10(A).
FIGS. 12(A)-12(E) are diagrams explanatory of a second digitization method of FIG. 10(B).
FIGS. 13 (A) and (B) are diagrams explanatory of a third digitization method of FIG. 10(C).
Referring to the acompanying drawings, a description will be given of an embodiment of the present invention in the form of an image processing method applied to a microfilm scanner shown in FIG. 2 for measuring the background density of image data. Although the following refers to mainly a negative film, the present invention is obviously applicable to a positive one.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an apparatus and circuit applicable to the present invention, wherein there is shown a portion of FIG. 2 corresponding to a sensor section 104, the drive reading circuit 162, the driving circuit 150, a motor 148 and the controller 180.
In FIG. 5, an image 300 projected onto a microfilm is electrically scanned in the main scanning direction X and mechanically scanned in the auxiliary scanning direction Y with the one-dimensional image sensor 104. The time serial picture data read by the sensor 104 on a picture element basis is sent to a shading compensation circuit 320 through an amplifier 310. In the shading compensation circuit 320, and embodiment of which is described later, the image data is subjected to two-dimensional shading correction to improve the image quality of the reproduced image. The image data thus shading corrected is converted by a binary digitization circuit 340 into a binary value before being supplied to other processing circuits including the line density switching circuit 164 of FIG. 2 in the second stage through an interface circuit 360. Although the two-dimensional shading correction can be carried out through the method disclosed in a previous application by the present inventors, its description will be omitted at this point since it is irrelevant to the gist of the present invention and is not necessary.
The image data obtained from the shading correction in the shading correction circuit 320 according to the present invention is submitted to various image signal processes to digitize the data in the binary digitization circuit 340. There are, needless to say, various methods for binary digitization as is obvious from the following description in which an image signal process for binary digitization of a negative film will be described.
FIG. 6 shows an example of the binary digitization method, according to which the film density is detected from the shading correction image data and a fixed threshold level is set in accordance with the film density, so that the binary digitization is effected by comparing the image data with the threshold level. A description will be given of the above case.
The film density must be determined in order to prevent the film background from affecting the threshold value being set for binary digitization.
Since the conventional mean light measurement is applied to the image projected as set forth above, the mean density value instantly tends to shift close to that of a transparent region, provided the image has the transparent region over a wide area. In consequence, most of the portion bearing data such as characters blanks out and will not reflect the original data accurately. The reason for this is that the mean light measurement covers a square area as wide as 5 cm.
On the other hand, the image sensor 104 is capable of reading data in an extremely small area on a square of 1/8 mm on a side within the projected image. The image sensor 104 outputs image data. If the film density measurement is made on the output of the obtained image data, a more faithful density than that obtained from the mean light measurement becomes available.
Consequently, the density measurement is made using the output of the image data subjected to correction such as shading correction by means of the image sensor 104. Since the relation between the intensity of output of the image data and the density is in a one-to-one relationship, the intensity of the output thereof may be called simply the density.
The image data subjected to the correction is plotted on an output distribution curve of FIG. 7(A) with time as the horizontal axis and the output level as the vertical axis. This distribution is composed of portions A1 and A2 covering data where the light passes therethrough and a background B. However, if the image data thus corrected has dust or a scratch, there are left parts of the above portions as shown by C1 and C2 where the light is not allowed to pass therethrough and the output (corresponding to the density) has sharply dropped. Moreover, noise in the background has not completely been removed, whereby the portion involved remains extremely noisy. As a result, the density level of the background must be made clear to set a threshold level free from noise attributed to the dust or scratch.
Accordingly, if the dust or scratch contained in the image data and other noise components in the background are smoothed by a low-pass filter (LPF), as shown in FIG. 7(B), to determine the minimum level of the output from the output distribution of the image data thus smoothed, the density corresponding to the minimum value may be determined and a threshold level usable for the density can be set. Then a threshold level for binary digitization, which is faithful to the original image data can also be set. In the case of a positive film, a corresponding density is obtainable when the maximum value (peak level) of the output is measured.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an example of the image processor illustrating a method for determining the threshold level by measuring the above-described film density and binary digitizing the image data according to the threshold level. In FIG. 6, there is shown an arrangement of a film density measuring circuit 600 for measuring the output of the image data, a central processing unit (CPU) 602 for setting a threshold value for binary digitization and a comparator 604 for binary digitization. The CPU 602 may also be used as the CPU 182 of the controller 180. The film density measuring means 600 is equipped with a low-pass filter 606 and a multiplexer (MPX) 610.
The operation will now be described. Assuming digital data equivalent to one line having the output (density) distribution shown in FIG. 7(A) is supplied to the low-pass filter 606, it is smoothed and produced as image data having the output distribution of FIG. 7(B) with time as the horizontal axis and the output level as the vertical axis.
In the above image data, dust or a scratch and the noise components of the background have been smoothed. The minimum value L of the image data is searched and then held in a minimum holding circuit 612. The multiplexer 610 is switched using a selective signal from the CPU 182 of the controller 180 shown in FIG. 2 to send the minimum value L to the CPU 602 in the next stage.
It may be acceptable to obtain the minimum value of the output in terms of one point on one line within the scanned image plane. However, if the minimum value L is what is derived from the dust or scratch, it may not always be a proper one. Accordingly, a value at one point on each of several lines, e.g., four lines per image plane, is obtained and the mean minimum value may be set by the CPU 602 as the minimum value. It can be controlled by the control signal from the CPU 182 of the controller 180 shown in FIG. 3 which ones of the minimum value is to be held.
Moreover, the mean minimum value may be computed by the CPU 602. In this case, the CPU 602 may be equipped with a memory for taking a lower limit value obtained on a line basis, a means for computing a mean value by reading each minimum value out of the memory and other means suitable for implementing other procedures.
The minimum value thus obtained is sent to the CPU 602. In the CPU 602, the density value correspoding to the minimum value is prestored and, when the minimum value is supplied, the correspoding density value can be read out. As described below, the optimum threshold level most suitable for the density value is supplied out of the density value thus supplied to the comparator 604. It may also be so arranged that the threshold value is directly supplied out of the minimum value.
FIG. 8 is a characteristic chart showing the relation of the film background density (horizontal axis) thus obtained to the minimum value (vertical axis) of the output of the image data passed through the low-pass filter 606 (curve I) and to the threshold value for binarization as described later (curved II).
FIG. 8 shows test results assuming the output after A/D conversion in the case of a transparent test film. The vertical axis on the left-hand side of FIG. 8 represents the minimum value L (in hexadecimal notation) of the image data output after it has been passed through the low pass filter 606. A value of 1.0 for the background density on the horizontal axis is the one at which the contrast is an optimum. The greater the value, the higher the density becomes, whereas the density is lowered as the value becomes smaller.
As is obvious from the curve I, the relation of the minimum value to the film density is 1:1 and, if the relation of the minimum value to the film density is prestored in a table memory 616 of the CPU 602, e.g., a table RAM or ROM as deemed fit for the purpose, the lower limit background density value correspoding to the minimum value may be read out and made known when the minimum value thus measured is supplied to the CPU 602.
In FIG. 8, the vertical axis on the right-hand side is represented by any given threshold value for binary digitization. FIG. 8 shows the relation of the background density to the threshold value most suitable for digitization. As is obvious from FIG. 8, the binary threshold value for obtaining an optimum image varies over a wide range when the film density is changed from, e.g., 0.5 to 1.5 or thereabout. In consequence, when it is attempted to manually set a binary value using the relation between the background density and the threshold value, the background will totally appear in the reproduced image, thus making the image black if the adjustment is slightly shifted in an area where allowance for adjusting the threshold value is narrow or data will be completely skipped. The setting of the optimum threshold value for one film is thus delicate and hard to adjust.
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7(B), a threshold level TH is set by shifting the level to the extent that a background B only can be subtracted from the minimum density (output) value L only to freely set the binary threshold level, whereas the relation of the background to the optimum threshold value is set at 1:1 so that the data portions A1 and A2 in the image and the background B can be properly binary digitized.
The setting up of the threshold level is, as set forth above, carried out by prearranging a list corresponding to the minimum density values and writing the results to the table memory 616 of the CPU 602. Assuming the output of the image data is e.g., 20H (H denotes hexadecimal notation), the corresponding threshold level is set at 5AH. In this case, the shifting quantity may be set at any given suitable one as occasions demands.
In so doing, the image data outpput i.e., the background density per film to be read out, can be measured and, by automatically setting the optimum threshold level for binary digitization, the threshold value can be supplied from the table memory 616 of the CPU 602 to the comparator 604.
With the above construction, the image data can be digitized automatically, accurately and quickly.
Although the above embodiment has been described for a negative film, the invention can be easily extended to positive films. In this case, the maximum value is held in a peak holding circuit 614 and the optimum threshold value corresponding to the maximum value is set in the table memory 616. Thereby, a binary threshold value may likewise be set automatically.
Although the circuit shown in FIG. 6 is so arranged as to effect the process using a digital signal, an analog signal may also be used. In this case, no table memory is required.
When the image frequency becomes high, the above digitization process may be incapable of effecting accurate binary digitization.
As the image frequency component is raised, the difference between white and black outputs is lessened and the contrast therebetween is lowered. An image data waveform with time as the horizontal axis and the output level as the vertical axis is shown in FIG. 9. There has appeared in this waveform a clear contrast between a signal A3 and the background B in a low frequency area. However, the contrast betwen a signal A4 and the background B in a high frequency area is extremely low, whereby the image is obscure. Even though the threshold level thus obtained is TH as set forth above, the image data may not be accurately digitized in the high frequency area.
To remove the shading and effect accurate binary digitization, there are considered three techniques as shown in FIGS. 10(A)-(C).
In the first technique a shading correction circuit 700 is used to correct shaded image data. The fixed binary digitizing threshold level TH thus obtained above or any other proper threshold level is used as the threshold level with the comparator 720 for comparison.
In the second technique, as shown in FIG. 10(B), the image data as it is to be digitized is supplied to one of the input terminals of the cmparator 720. On the other hand, an optimum threshold level TH1 for binary digitization is formed for the image data through a smoothing circuit 722, a compression circuit 726 and a level shifting circuit 730. The threshold level is supplied to the other input terminal of the comparator 720 to effect binary digitization.
As a third technique, the first and second technique are simultaneously carried out. The image data to be digitized is passed through the shading correction circuit 700 and the threshold level for binary digitization is obtained by supplying the image data to the comparator 720 through the smoothing circuit 722, the compression circuit 726 and the level shifting crcuit 730.
The binary digitization method by digital process will now be described. As in the above case, a description will be given of image processing relative to image data obtained by two-dimensionally scanning a projected image on a negative film with the image sensor.
The high frequency component should be intensified to remove shading in an image and, as a first method, it can be implemented by using a known Unsharp Mask (simply called a mask US) (Reference: Basic Optical Science on Light and Image, Association of Electrical Engineering).
FIG. 11(A) is a block diagram of a circuit corresponding to FIG. 10(A) and shows the circuit diagram using the mask US as the shading correction circuit 700.
The mask US is designed to make the density inclination steep in view of the fact that shading in an image appears at the edges between areas having uniform density. Given the image space is an odd number matrix where central picture elements appear according to the mask US, the picture element data corresponding to the central picture elements is emphasized and outputted. For instance, the image sensor 104 has 2,048 picture elements and each line is scanned in the main direction to read out picture elements on a line basis and the data are successively stored in line memories. Assuming one picture element in one byte, the line memory is the one having 2,048 bytes. The line memories are installed in parallel and the data corresponding to 9 picture elements of a 3�3 matrix, as shown in FIG. 11(B), are simultaneously read out to emphasize the data of the central picture elements. The central picture element data of the matrix is assumed to have a value e, provided the picture element data a-i are arranged as shown in FIG. 11(B). The emphasized picture element data E corresponding to the central picture element is given by
E=5e-(b+d+h+f) (1)
Accordingly, in the mask US, the picture element data corresponding to the 9 picture elements of the 3�3 matrix are read out in parallel. The emphasized output E is obtained by so arranging the picture element data as to subject them to multiplication by (5e), addition by (b+d+h+f) and subtraction of these two term, as required by Eq. (1).
In the shading correction circuit 700 of FIG. 11(A), an n�n (n being an odd number greater than 3) matrix may alternatively be used to provide the above arrangement. The arrangement of the 3�3 matrix as the mask US will be described in detail.
The matrix memory 702 is equipped with a line memory section 703, an address counter 704 for causing the picture element data to be written to and read from the line memeory section 702 on receiving a control signal from the CPU 182 of the control means 180 and a latch section 706 for outputting the 9 picture element data in parallel.
The line memory means 703 is provided with three units of line memories (M1, M2, M3 and shown by 703a, 703b, 703c), each having locations equal in number to the number of picture elements of the image sensor 104 (the number of dots on one line, e.g., 2,048 picture elements). By controlling the image data read on a line basis with a writing controller 703d, the data is written in a circulating fashion to one of the line memories 703a, 703b and 703c on a line basis. Assuming preceeding image data j-2 by two lines is written to the line memory M1 and preceeding image data j-1 by one line is written to the line memory M2 and image data j is now being written to the line memory M3 and also being used without being stored. On the other hand, of the line memories M1, M2, M3, the image data j-1 and j-2 not being currently written into the line memories are controlled by a reading selector 703e and read in parallel from two of the line memories synchronously with the writing. At this point of time data are simultaneously read out of the line memories M1 and M2 and the picture element data thus read out are sent to the latch section 706 in the next stage through latch circuits 703g and 703h. Simultaneously then, the image data j being currently written is directly sent to the latch means 706 separately through a latch circuit 703f.
The latch section 706 is equipped with latch circuits 706a, 706b, 706d, 706e and 706f in two stages for each line and is so arranged as to provide simultaneous outputs from three places. Assume that the successive three picture element data of the image data j-2 read out of the line memory M2 are a, b and c; the three successive three picture element data of the image data j-1 read out of the line memory M1 are d, e and f; and the picture element data of the image data j being written are g, h and i. The latch section 706 is adapted to simultaneously read out the picture element data a-i (9 data corresponding to the 9 picture elements of the 3�3 matrix) and cause them to be outputted in parallel.
In the line memory section 703, the latch circuits 703f-703h are installed as required in order to synchronize the timing of reading relative to the speed of reading the line memories 703a-703c but they may be omitted.
Of the picture element data a-i thus read out, the picture element data e is sent to the multiplier 703 for implementing the multiplication (5�e) of Eq. (1). On the other hand, the picture element data b, d, f and h are supplied to the adder 710 for the addition of Eq. (1). Each output thus computed in the multiplier 708 and the adder 710 is supplied to the subtractor 712, where the subtraction of Eq. (1) is carried out to obtain the emphasized picture element data E of Eq. (1). This process is applied to the image data of the shading image and the emphasized picture element data is supplied to the comparator 720 as what should be binary digitized.
As is readily understood from an image data waveform chart of FIG. 11(C) with time as horizontal axis and the output level as the vertical axis, the image data empahsized through the mask US is the output level of the (white) signal A5 which is emphasized from the signal A4 (FIG. 9). The signal of the background B1 is lowered with the (black) background B (FIG. 9) being emphasized. As a result, the difference in contrast is sufficiently emphasized.
According to the first method, image data having an extremely fine pattern which is not binary digitized through the conventional method and may blank out as white level can be digitized with the fixed threshold level TH which is optimum for binary digitization or what is obtained in a known method accurately and properly. Thereby, the resolution is increased.
In this method, instead of directly supplying the image data having a shading image sent out of the shading correction circuit (320 of FIG. 1) to the comparator 720, the threshold level is set in a manner different from what has been described above to carry out accurate binary digitization.
Accordingly, the image data is smoothed once and compacted and, by shifting the level of the compacted signal to form the optimum threshold level for binarization of the image data involved, a reproduced image of high quality can be obtained.
FIG. 12(A) is a block diagram corresponding to FIG. 10(B), wherein a known median filter 724 is used as the smoothing circuit 722. This embodiment will now be described. Since the median filter 724 is disclosed in detail by the above described reference, Basic Engineering of Light and Image, its full description will be omitted.
The median filter 724 is a low-pass filter and, as is well known, if it is arranged as an n�n, e.g., 3�3 matrix, the density values of 9 picture element data a-i are rearranged in low to high order and the fifth density value (central or mean value) from the lowest is employed as an output. Consequently, an output without shading at the edge between areas having uniform density is produced. Therefore a low-frequency signal can be smoothed. The use of the median filter 724 makes possible the acquisition of a smooth signal nullifying variations even though the background level of the image data slightly varies because of dust or variations of the image sensor.
To supply the picture element data to the median filter 724, the smoothing circuit 722 is equipped with the matrix memory section 702 including the line memory section 703, the latch section 706 and the address counter 704. The smoothing circuit 722 reads the picture element data in parallel in the same manner as what has been described in the above embodiment of (FIG. 11) of the first method. Since circuit components operate in the same way, like reference characters are given to like components and the description thereof will be omitted.
In this embodiment, also, image data j on a line is applied to the smoothing circuit 722. As in the case of the above-described embodiment, the preceeding image data j-2 by two lines and the preceeding image data j-1 by one line and the image data at present, i.e., three picture element data, are simultaneously read out in parallel and 9 picture element data are supplied in parallel to the median filter 724. The image data obtained from the median filter 724 is a signal free from background noise. FIG. 12(B) shows the image data thus smoothed with time as the horizontal axis and the output level as the vertical axis, whereas B3 designates a smoothed background.
The smoothed image data is amplitude compacted in the compression circuit 726 and outputted therefrom. The level of the compacted signal is shifted by a level shifting circuit 736 up to above lower limit level (background level) to form a threshold level suitable for binary digitizing the image data having a high frequency component. The threshold level can be obtained from the image data to be digitized. The degree of compression and the quantity of shifting are set properly depending on the output level of the image data. Given the output difference between the minimum peak of the output of the image data prior to compression and the background level is 100%, the threshold level is set so that the threshold level accounts for 30-90%, preferably 80-90% relative to the minimum peak. In this case, the compacted signal thus obtained is not usable as the threshold level because the signal has the same level as that of the background and can not be distinguished from the latter.
FIG. 12(C) shows a signal waveform compacted and sent out with time as the horizontal axis and the output level as the vertical axis. In FIG. 12(C), a portion A6 corresponds to the signal A3 of FIG. 12(B), whereas a portion A7 corresponds to the signal A4. L1 indicates the background level. FIG. 12(D) shows a signal waveform after the level is shifted, wherein the background level L2 is shifted from the level L1 by a fixed shifting quantity.
In the compression circuit 726, the image data may be multiplied by a proper coefficient to obtain a compacted signal and it is preferred that the corresonding compacted signal value levels are beforehand written to a table memory 732, of the compression circuit 726, e.g., table RAM, depending on the output of the image data to cause proper compacted signal to be produced according to the signal supplied. With respect to the quantity of shifting in the shifting circuit 730, suitable quantities are beforehand written to a table memory 734 of the shifting circuit, e.g., table RAM, depending on the output of the compacted signal and it is also preferred to cause the level to be read out according to the input level and form the threshold level TH1. However the above arrangement can be modified depending on design. The memory of the CPU 182 of the controller 180 may be used as the table memory in this embodiment. The threshold level thus set up and the image data are sent to the comparator 720 to binary digitize the image data involved. FIG. 12(E) shows the realtion of the signal waveform in this case. The image data shown therein is indicated by a continuous line and the threshold level by a dashed line.
Since in this embodiment the binary threshold value is determined from the image data itself which is to be digitized, the threshold level can simply be set up even though the background of the image data fluctuates. Thereby, accurate binary digitization becomes possible.
FIG. 13(A) is a block diagram illustrating a third image signal processing method for binary digitization according to the present invention. In this embodiment, the combination of the first and second methods is used and consequently the arrangement includes the circuit configurations shown in FIGS. 11(A) and 12(A). However, the matrix memory section 702 (including the line memory section 703, the latch section 706 and the address counter 704) which reads the picture element data in parallel is common to the shading correction circuit 700 and the smoothing circuit 722. Thereby, it is unnecessary to provide the pair of separate circuits and one unit may be used commonly.
In the third method, therefore, the image data whose waveform is binary digitized as shown in FIG. 9 is converted into a waveform (FIG. 11(C)) whose high frequency component is emphasized in the shading correction circuit 700, as in the case of the second method. On the other hand, the threshold level (FIG. 12(D)) obtained from the image data involved through the smoothing circuit 722, the compression circuit 726 and the level shifting circuit 730 is supplied to the comparator 720.
Consequently, both the signals are compared in the comparator 720 and the binary signal is thus supplied.
In the third method, the image having a fine high frequency component is further accurately digitized with high resolution.
The image data described in the first through third methods can be processed in the comparator 720, it is needless to say preferable to compute average shading correction signals or threshold levels over several line for the purpose of digitization. The comparator 720 is equipped with e.g., a means value computing circuit (not shown), which is controlled by the CPU 182 of the control means 180.
The binary signal thus obtained is output by the interface 260 (FIG.1) for the subsequent process.
The present invention if obviously not limited to the above arrangements.
Although the above-described embodiments are intended for a negative film, they are applicable to a positive one likewise by adding proper and obvious modifications thereto.
The arrangement of each circuit may also be modified suitably when it is designed. Although in the above embodiments, moreover, reference has been made to mainly a digital process, the whole or part of the circuit may be replaced with an analog process as occasion demands.
In the above-described circuit configurations, e.g., an address line, a bus and other control lines from the CPU 182 of the control means 180 have been omitted.
Although the application of the present invention to a microfilm reader has been described, the above-described embodiments are also applicable to any kind of apparatus 44 equiped with a device for producing a signal in a digital form after two-dimensionally scanning an image with an image sensor.
As set forth above, the image signal processing method according to the present invention comprises smoothing the image data obtained using the image sensor, determining the minimum or maximum value of the background from the signal thus smoothed, and determining the film density corresponding to the minimum or maximum value. As a result, the film density can be obtained with high accuracy and thus an automatic exposure control can be carried out simply and accurately.
Based on the background density thus obtained, the optimum threshold value for binary digitizatin can be set efficiently, accurately, automatically and simply as compared with the conventional binary threshold value setting method even though the background density fluctuates.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
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|Aug 10, 1971
|Burroughs Corp
|Quantizing circuit correction for character recognition systems
|Nov 29, 1973
|Mar 4, 1975
|Mohawk Data Sciences Corp
|Optical character recognition video amplifier and digitizer
|Jul 26, 1976
|Dec 20, 1977
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Analog-digital converter with variable threshold levels
|Aug 6, 1982
|Jun 25, 1985
|Toshiyuki Sakai
|Analog-to-digital image signal conversion
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|Oct 15, 1985
|Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Public Corporation
|Method and apparatus for gray level signal processing
|Jan 23, 1985
|Mar 10, 1987
|Nippon Kogaku K. K.
|Image processing apparatus in film image phototelegraphy
|Jul 22, 1985
|Apr 26, 1988
|Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd.
|Method of discriminating pictures
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|Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd.
|Method of and apparatus for generating high-resolution bilevel image data
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 31, 1995
|Jun 22, 1999
|Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs Gmbh
|Method and device for the binarization of pixel data
|Oct 5, 1998
|Dec 25, 2001
|Nec Corporation
|Method and device of object detectable and background removal, and storage media for storing program thereof
|May 28, 1999
|Apr 30, 2002
|Peripheral Imaging Corporation
|Dynamic thresholding module
|Sep 28, 2001
|Aug 5, 2003
|Nec Corporation
|Method and device of object detectable and background removal, and storage media for storing program thereof
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|May 4, 2004
|Algo Vision Lura Tech Gmbh
|Method for compressing scanned, colored and gray-scaled documents
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|Aug 14, 1991
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Method and apparatus for establishing threshold level in a binary mode document scanner
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|A method of performing binary quantization of an image
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|U.S. Classification
|382/273, 358/464
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 2, 1989
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690: Siena Bookshelf (Dimensions: 25.5" x 9.5" x 14.5"H) Wrought iron is hand forged and painted. Marble is 24" x 9".
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First Chapter
'Everything You Need'
By A. L. KENNEDY
Published: August 5, 2001
Things could be worse.
Alone on Foal Island and waiting, Nathan Staples turned on his bed. He forced his chest flat to the mattress with a mild flex at his hips, then settled and calmed his breath. A familiar lack was stitching up his arms and then climbing further to jab at his brain. All psychosomatic, he knew, all self-inflicted, but all inescapable just the same. He exhaled with care, sidestepping the start of a sigh. Audible despair depressed him, most especially his own.
But things could, most assuredly, be worse.
The Persian Eye Cups, for example—they were particularly unpleasant, quite turned my stomach when I read about them, as I recall—they would be worse.
The Persian Eye Cups, yes . . . Person, or persons unknown, but presumably Persian, might whip out a pair without warning and fit them on snug. They'd prise back my eyelids and bed the cups right down against the nice curve of my eye and then they'd buckle all the necessary straps—I imagine they'd use quite a few straps, to stop me clawing. I would try to claw. But then I'm quite sure that they'd have their way with me, irrigate each cup with the correct corrosive dose and watch it bite.
I would naturally scream and jabber while my eyeballs both subsided into froth and the acid gobbled up my optic nerve. Tip back my head and my frontal lobes would swash about like hot, grey margarine. I'd be totally fucked. Eventually, all I remember would gargle clear out of my ears in two repellent streams and that would be that.
Which would be worse—of course it would.
He was waiting and didn't like it. Never had. The wait, this particular wait: it was always so demanding, so predictably calculating and lecherous—give it an inch or a moment and it closed on him in a tingling swarm to his warmer parts. It bit round the cartilage lip of his ears, breathed close to the bare of his neck, it was brazen at his armpits and the quiet joints of his thighs, it made him sweat. His body weight stung down unfairly against his tensing prick, while his thoughts sank and dressed to the left with a stocky tick of blood.
Rubbing an opened wound with living wasps. My wound. My wasps.
Or stapling my scrotum to the flesh of my inner thighs and then performing Scottish country dances until I feel my socks congeal.
I think that would be worse.
This was ridiculous. He was ridiculous. A figure of no fun at all, waiting for something which would not happen, could not happen, which should not be considered and surely to God had been set and settled a pathetically long time ago—put to rest on the much larger island near which his was fixed. Surely to God this was over with now, surely she was over with.
Being sodomised by an ill-tempered man using a plaster model of my own grandmother's arm.
That would be noticeably worse.
He lurched himself up and off his bed. The bare board floor gave the standard, gritty shove at his naked feet and—now he was paying attention—he found he could hardly see. He couldn't remember the sunset, but against the window, here it was—already night.
He felt for the doorway, the slope of the open door, and then stepped through and into the other room, peering and wary. Nathan was, as usual, far more accepting of imagined injuries than actual, factual knocks at his elbows or toes. Five steps to his left and he'd avoided the usual vicious clip from his table top, another two and he could safely shuffle forward to palm the wall and find the switch and then sway dumbly under the violent impact of instantaneous light. His dog twitched in its basket, but stayed asleep, eyes ticking and chasing behind closed lids. Outside, the lisp and murmur of the sea became a little more assertive.
Nathan gentled over to his bookshelves, eased a folder out, opened and dipped inside it, feeling for the photograph. There. The slick give of the surface, the catch of a corner, the touch of a border fast and thin enough to cut.
Want what's worse? What's really worse? Then let's come and fucking get it. All the way.
The fully cocked and loaded photograph—tonight, he was going to look at it again. No need to be just sad when he could be truly, thoroughly suicidal.
As if you can choose. As if you can help it. As if you haven't, just to spite yourself, been asking for it all night. No more games, now—if anyone deserves a head fuck . . .
I know—it's me.
And don't say a little bit of you won't like it. After all, your head is your only private part that still has any chance of getting fucked.
So we part the mind wide open, spread the thinking till it cracks. Take in the view.
A snapshot view he knew so well now that he saw it quite imperfectly: either in rushes of terrible detail, or a kind of anonymous smudge. Here was the beach, still barred with weed and rock; the pale, refractive spill of pools; the green of algae; all aligned to make a neat perspective that slashed away to nothing and the edge of the frame. Lying along the horizon was a sliver of sea, much more confident and solid than the bleachy sky.