text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Aug 25, 1987
|Filing date
|Nov 7, 1985
|Priority date
|Nov 7, 1984
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Dennis Chapman, Gregorio P. Valencia
|Original Assignee
|Biocompatibles Ltd.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (26), Classifications (29), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to biocompatible particularly haemocompatible surfaces and to new polymers based on phosphatidylcholine. Blood contacting prostheses are of major importance today in cardiovascular surgery and other fields of medicine. Heart valves and blood vessel prostheses, balloon pumps and catheters are being implanted in daily surgical practice to restore or diagnose cardiovascular function.
Artificial organs are routinely employed in blood detoxification by absorptive haemoperfusion and in oxygenation (membrane oxygenators and heart-lung devices). Considerable effort and capital is invested in Europe and the U.S.A. in the development and experimental evolution of an implantable artificial heart system. The devices are generally constructed from polymeric materials and when in use, a blood-polymer contact is present. This contact can cause a reaction in the recirculating blood, which, depending on the choice of material, the design parameter, the flow or the addition of the anticoagulants, may lead to protein deposition, adhesion and destruction of red blood cells (haemolysis), platelet (thrombocyte) adhesion and aggregation and blood coagulation leading to the formation of a haemostatic plug (thrombus). The occurrence of thromboembolism in cardiovascular surgery continues to be a problem, notwithstanding routine treatment with anticoagulants. For these reasons the search for biocompatible non-thrombogenic materials has been an important research objective over the last two decades. Our approach to this problem is to mimic the surface characteristics of cell membranes.
Biological membranes are important in all areas of the body. Every cell has an outer membrane and within the cell there are membranes that act to compartmentalise the various organelles, e.g. the mitochondria, nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum. Membranes are particularly important features of the functions of blood cells, e.g. erthrocytes and leucocytes. The various cell membranes, including those of red blood cells, are all built upon an asymmetric lipid matrix of polar lipids in which the intrinsic proteins are distributed. the outer surface of the lipid matrix of cells contains the grouping: ##STR1##
The outer polar surface is a common feature of red cells, platelets, lymphocytes, etc. The inner surface is different and usually contains the negatively charged lipids. Studies of cell systems have shown that the lipids which occur on the inner cell surface are pro-coagulant whilst those on the outer surface are thromboresistant (Zwaal, R. F. A. Comfurius, P. and van Deenen, L. M. M., Membrane asymmetry and blood coagulation, Nature, 1977, 268, 358-360).
The present invention provides a series of new polymers based upon reactions of polyols partially esterified by phosphatidylcholine or homologues thereof, isocyanates and optionally various diols or polyols, the latter having the effect of modulating the rheological characteristics of the resulting polymer. These new polymers mimic the thromboresistant surfaces of blood cell membranes and also have low antigenic character. The polymers of the invention range in rheological characteristics from soft to hard polymers and have useful applications to a variety of situations where biocompatibility particularly haemocompatibility are required ranging from new soft contact lens materials to polymers suitable for heart valves and other prosthetic devices.
The present invention provides a polyurethane reaction product of an aliphatic or aromatic di- or polyisocyanate and a diol or polyol having at least two hydroxyl groups capable of reacting with an isocyanate group and having the residue of at least one further hydroxyl group present in the form of a phosphorus acid ester of formula I: ##STR2## wherein n is 0 or 1, m is 2, 3 or 4 and each R independently is an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
The polymers of the present invention comprise essentially a polymer backbone having a polyurethane structure carrying pendant groups containing the phosphatidylcholine residue or homologue thereof. The exact nature of the backbone and the proportion and disposition of the phosphatidylcholine or homologue thereof side chains is controlled by the nature and proportions of the starting materials and this, in turn, will be influenced by the intended use of the polymers since, as will be explained in more detail below, it is possible to produce the polymers of the invention in various physical forms.
The primary reagents used in this invention are the diol or polyol component and the isocyanate component. It is necessary that the diol or polyol component has at least two hydroxyl groups available for reaction with the isocyanate to form the polyurethane structure. If more than two such hydroxyl groups are available in the polyol component, then the resulting polyurethane can have a crosslinked structure although crosslinking can, of course, also be introduced by the use of polyfunctional isocyanates by which we mean isocyanates containing at least three reactive isocyanate groups in the molecule.
The basic reaction for producing the present range of new polyurethanes is to link e.g. glycerophosphatidyl choline with a suitable diisocyanate. The urethane group results from the interaction of an isocyanate and a hydroxy compound as follows:
When multifunctional reactants are used this reaction leads to polyurethanes, in other words, when a diisocyanate and a diol react together a linear polyurethane is obtained.
On the other hand when a diisocyanate and a polyol are used a crosslinked polymer is obtained. A crosslinked polyurethane can also be derived from an isocyanate with more than two active groups and a diol. Modulation of the rheological properties of these polymers may be achieved by using a second diol or polyol along with the basic glycerophosphatidyl derivative. In this way the two hydroxyl components can copolymerise with the diisocyanate to give a polyurethane-type polymer.
There is a wide range of diols and polyols available which do not contain a group of formula I and naming as R" the main organic skeleton of such components we can say that those compounds will contribute to the main polymer structure in the following way: ##STR3## Some examples of those R" structures are:
______________________________________Ethylene glycol OHCH2CH 2OHPropylene glycol OHCH2CH 2CH 2OH1,2-Propylene glycol ##STR4##1,4-Butanediol OHCH2CH 2CH 2CH 2OH1,3-Butanediol ##STR5##1,5-Pentanediol OHCH2CH 2CH 2CH 2CH 2OHGlycerol ##STR6##Trimethylolpropane CH3CH 2C(CH2OH)3______________________________________
The raw material used to provide the urethane bond with the hydroxyl groups is the isocyanate. Since we are interested in using a multifunctional reactant different possibilities arise, and the isocyanate may be e.g.
______________________________________TDI Tolylenediisocyanate ##STR7##MDI Diphenylmethane diisocyanate ##STR8##NDI Naphthylene 1,5-diisocyanate ##STR9##HDI Hexamethylene diisocyanateNCO(CH2)6NCOPAPI Polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate where p is 0 to 5 ##STR10##Dicyclohexyl methane 4,4' diisocyanate ##STR11##Triphenyl methane triisocyanate ##STR12##______________________________________
For reasons of biocompatibility, it is preferred to produce polyurethanes in which the group I is the group of phosphatidylcholine itself since such polymers will mimic most closely the outer surface of the lipid matrix of naturally-occurring biological membranes in the body. Thus, it is preferred to work with compounds in which, in the group I, n is 1, m is 2 and R is methyl. However, the use of synthetic analogues of the naturally-occurring phosphatidylcholine structure is also included within the scope of the present invention.
It is usually convenient to use, as one essential reactant, an aliphatic alcohol containing at least three aliphatic hydroxyl groups wherein at least two of those hydroxyl groups are present in free hydroxyl form and at least one of the hydroxyl groups is esterified with a group of formula I as a phosphatidylcholine or homologous ester. Suitable polyols for partial esterification in this way include glycerol, and trimethylolpropane. An example of such a suitable polyol is: ##STR13##
It is not necessary that the functionality of the polyol component be restricted to the free hydroxyl groups and the phosphorus ester group since this component can additionally contain carboxylic ester groups or ether groups. Reactants containing carboxylic ester groups are obtainable for example by reacting polyols such as glycerol, trimethylolpropane or carbohydrates such as hexose, sugars with polyfunctional carboxylic acids (such as adipic acid, sebacic acid, terephthalic acid, phthalic acid etc). Polyether polyols for use in the production of the polymers of the invention can be any of the polyether polyols, e.g. polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol etc., that are conventionally used in the production of polyurethanes but which have been modified by partial esterification as the phosphorus ester introducing group I, provided that there are still at least two available hydroxyl groups in the molecule.
It will therefore be seen that while the polyol component used in the invention will normally be a saturated aliphatic compound, it need not necessarily be saturated since it can include carbon-to-carbon unsaturation within the molecule, for example in a unsaturated polyester polyol derived from an unsaturated polycarboxylic acid, or the polyol component can contain cyclic groups as in the case of poly(hydroxymethyl)aromatic reagents.
The reaction between the polyol component of the type described above with the isocyanate will give rise to a polyurethane containing the desired side-chains of formula I. However, if the polyol components of the type described above are the only polyol components used during polyurethane formation, the resulting polyurethane will contain a relatively high proportion of groups I. As a practical matter, we have found that it is desirable for many applications to produce polyurethanes containing less than the maximum possible amount of groups I. It is possible to reduce the proportion of groups I in the polyurethanes by copolymerising the isocyanate component with a polyol component of the type described above and with a further polyol component which does not contain the group I. This further polyol component can simply be an analogue of the first polyol component but which is devoid of the group I. In this situation, the second polyol component will contain at least three reactive hydroxyl groups per molecule e.g. glycerol or trimethylolpropane and will therefore normally introduce crosslinking into the polyurethane structure. As an alternative to or in addition to the use of polyol components containing at least three reactive hydroxyl groups, it is also possible to copolymerise a diol component. The use of a diol component in this way has the effect of extending the polyurethane chain length without introducing crosslinking and without introducing additional groups I and for this reason, this procedure represents a convenient method of modifying the properties of the polyurethane end product and is a preferred procedure.
When a diol component is to be used in the copolymerisation in addition to the hydroxyl reactant introducing the group I and instead of or in addition to polyfunctional hydroxyl components, the diol can be, for example, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, diethylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, α,ω-polyoxyethylene diols etc.
The isocyanate component used in the present invention can be any of the isocyanate components conventionally used in the production of polyurethanes. This will often be an aromatic compound having at least two isocyanate groups directly bonded to the aromatic ring system and can be, for example, tolylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, naphthalene 1,5-diisocyanate, polymethylenepolyphenyl isocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane 4,4'-diisocyanate, triphenylmethane triisocyanate etc., but it is also possible to use aliphatic diisocyanates, particularly materials such as tetramethylene diisocyanate or hexamethylene diisocyanate. It is not essential that the isocyanate component be a diisocyanate and, in situations where it is desired to introduce crosslinking into the final polyurethane, particularly crosslinking involving aromatic groupings, the isocyanate reactant may be one containing three or more isocyanate groups. At the moment, our preferred isocyanate component is tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) and our preferred hydroxyl component is glycerol monophosphatidylcholine ester (GPC). GPC can be used alone but, for reasons explained above, we prefer to use this in combination with a further polyol component such as glycerol, ethylene glycol or propanediol.
While it is not essential to do so, it is usually convenient to use a material such as GPC in complexed form, usually as a cadmium chloride complex because it is normally isolated from naturally-occurring lipid sources in the form of the cadmium chloride complex. GPC can also be used in the form of a complex with other chlorides of metals of Group IIb of the Periodic Table, e.g., Zn or Hg. It is, of course possible to use this type of hydroxyl component in totally synthetic form but it will normally always be isolated during synthesis in the form of a complex and conveniently used in the complexed form in the polyurethane-forming reaction. When GPC or equivalent reactant is used in uncomplexed form, it can be dissolved in the additional polyol component, when thus used, so avoiding the need for a separate solvent in the polymerisation.
The isocyanate component and the hydroxyl component are reacted together to form the polyurethane under reaction conditions well-known in polyurethane production. A wide variety of reactant ratios can be utilised. If a high molecular weight polyurethane is required, then equivalent proportions of the hydroxyl component and isocyanate component should be used to ensure that essentially all the available hydroxyl and isocyanate groups react with one another to form linear and/or crosslinked polyurethanes. If solid elastomers are required, then a slight excess of the isocyanate component will usually be used to ensure that an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer can be produced and then cured to a final polyurethane. If a thermoplastic material is required, so as to control the melting point of the end polymer, it is necessary to use a hydroxyl component that does not contain the group I in addition to the hydroxyl component containing group I, the ratio between these two hydroxyl components and the molecular weight of the hydroxyl component that does not have the group I being found to influence the thermoplastic character of the final polyurethane. It is also found that control of the relative proportions of hydroxyl component containing the group I to the hydroxyl component not containing the group I is important in controlling the hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance of the final polyurethane.
The polyurethanes of the present invention can be prepared, as mentioned above, by any of the conventional polyurethane production procedures from the isocyanate and hydroxyl component. This reaction can be carried out in a solvent, under solventless conditions or in a two-phase reaction system.
In the solventless system, the isocyanate is run into the hydroxyl component while the temperature is raised, keeping the reaction mixture under vigorous stirring until the melt is homogeneous and the viscosity is high enough. The final step to get a solid elastomer, for instance, is to cure the isocyanate-terminated polymer with a curing agent, e.g. water or a polyol, and heat it. If an unsaturated prepolymer is to be cured, then a peroxide catalyst will be introduced and the mixture heated. The reaction temperature will be chosen according to the melting point and thermostability of the reactants and usually is between 100� and 200� C.
Polyurethane formation in homogeneous solution is usually carried out at room temperature in an appropriate solvent but where the reaction is to be carried out using GPC, which is soluble only in very few solvents, e.g. water and dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), it is desirable to use a two-phase system where the hydroxyl component is dissolved in an aqueous phase and this is left to react at room temperature with an organic phase containing the diisocyanate.
The use of catalysts in polyurethane formation is well established and catalysts such as sodium acetate, sodium hydroxide, ferric acetylacetonate, tertiary amines such as triethylamine, N,N-dimethylcetylamine, N-substituted morpholines and triethylenediamine as well as organo-metallic compounds such as dibutyl-tin dilaurate and stannous octanoate can be used. The catalyst will be chosen on a polymer-by-polymer basis by reasons of solubility, volatility, lack of odour and influence on reaction rate etc. Reaction inhibitors or reaction modulators such as hydrogen chloride, boric acid, inorganic acids and acid chlorides can also be used in accordance with known procedures.
The polymers of the present invention can be used as construction material for implants or prostheses for the human or animal body, particularly where these implants or prostheses are to come into direct physical contact with blood and where biocompatibility particularly haemocompatibility are required e.g. in heart valves where toughness or flexibility is also required, or as cement in contact lenses. They can also be used in the construction of membranes and other devices that are to be brought into contact with blood or other body fluids on an extra-corpereal basis, for example in heart-lung machines or artificial kidneys. In addition, the polymers of the present invention can be used to coat implants, prostheses, membranes, catheters, contact lenses and other devices which are constructed of another less biocompatible material but which are coated with a polymer according to the present invention to impart biocompatibility to the article. These polymers may also be used in situations where biocompatibility to cell attachment and growth is required such as in tissue culture dishes and substrates. Furthermore, polymers of this type may be used where wettability characteristics e.g. with sea water may be necessary.
The production of prostheses from the polymeric materials we have invented is accomplished generally via the procedures already practised by the polymer industry. When a thermoplastic polymer is obtained it can be processed as a moulding material, e.g. by injection-moulding or extrusion. If a solid elastomer is obtained it can be used in the same processing employed with conventional rubber. The methods required for the processing of polyurethane rubber vary according to the viscosity and reactivity of the intermediate alkyd-isocyanate. Anhydrous conditions are required for the initial chain-lengthening reaction. In many cases there can be also a limited time between compounding the elastomer and shaping and curing.
Isocyanate-terminated adducts are usually processed by melting the alkyd which is then heated under vacuum for about 3 hours at 130� C. to remove water. The diisocyanate is then added and stirred until a homogeneous melt is obtained, at this point a small amount of inhibitor is also added to control the rate of reaction. The cross-linking agent is added next and the melt is then cast into moulds which are maintained at about 110� C. for several hours. Where the polymer of the present invention is to be used for coating, it will be dissolved in a suitable volatile solvent, for example a solvent that has been previously used in the production of the polyurethane, coated onto the article and the solvent allowed to evaporate.
The following Examples are given to illustrate the present invention.
0.79 gr. TDI ##STR14## 0.1 gr. Tin octanoate 25 ml. Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO)
To a stirred solution of 1 gr. of GPC.CdCl2 complex and 0.1 gr. of tin octanoate in 25 ml DMSO were added 0.79 gr of TDI as a mixture of 80% 2,4 and 2,6 isomers. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at 20� C. and water was added to coagulate the polymer which was then washed with portions each of water, methanol and petroleum ether. The polymer obtained as a white powder shows IR and NMR spectra closely related to GPC plus some new bands assigned to aromatic residues. The polymer is insoluble in a wide range of solvents such as acetone, benzene, chloroform, methanol and tetrahydrofuran (THF).
0.79 gr. TDI
1 gr GPC.CdCl2
0.14 gr. ethylene glycol
0.1 gr. tin octanoate
25 ml. (DMSO)
The procedure used in Example 1 was followed but a solution containing 1 gr. of GPC.CdCl2, 0.14 gr. ethylene glycol and 0.1 gr. tin octanoate was prepared and 0.79 gr. of TDI were added. The reaction was left to proceed overnight at 20� C. under stirring. A clear yellow solution was obtained and an excess of water was added. The white solid was water and methanol washed and isolated by filtration.
Another formulation with the same components was assayed.
10 gr. TDI
1 gr. GPC.CdCl2
3.1 gr. ethylene glycol
25 ml. DMSO
The reaction was carried out without catalyst and a white rigid foam was obtained. The foam was ground and water and methanol washed.
0.79 gr. TDI
1 gr.GPC.CdCl2
0.17 gr. 1,2-propanediol
0.1 gr. tin octanoate
25 ml. DMSO
The reaction mixture prepared following that formulation was stirred overnight at 20� C. A clear yellow solution resulted and an excess of water was added to precipitate the polymer that was water and methanol washed to obtain a clear-brown and hard solid.
0.98 gr. TDI
1 gr. GPC.CdCl2
0.2 gr. glycerol
0.1 gr. tin octanoate
25 ml. DMSO
Applying the same procedure as is described for this series of polymers a white, hard polymer was obtained. Another formulation increasing the proportion of glycerol was assayed as follows.
2.0 gr. TDI
1 gr. GPC.CdCl2
0.5 gr. glycerol
0.1 gr. tin octanoate
25 ml. DMSO
The mixture of reactants lead to a very hard foam that was ground and water and methanol washed.
0.76 gr. HDI
1 gr. GPC.CdCl2
0.1 gr. tin octanoate
25 ml. DMSO
A reaction mixture of 1 gr. GPC.CdCl2, 0.1 gr. tin octanoate and 0.76 gr. HDI in 25 ml. DMSO was prepared and continuously stirred overnight at 20� C. A large excess of water was added and a milky solution resulted, after filtration, washing and drying a white solid was obtained. The new material is thermoplastic when heated below 100� C. As a result different shapes can be prepared heating under pressure this new polymer. The polymer swells when exposed to water. The waxy surfaces that can be obtained are clearly hydrophilic when tested for contact angle with water solutions.
0.76 gr. HDI
1 gr. GPC.CdCl2
0.14 gr. ethylene glycol
0.1 gr. tin octanoate
25 ml. DMSO
The polymer obtained by this solution polymerisation swells in water, however when it is dried it looks like a brittle bulk solid that behaves as a thermoplastic material.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 10, 1963
|Aug 23, 1966
|John V Beninate
|Composition comprising diisocyanate methylol-phosphorus polymer and organic textile flame-proofed therewith
|Oct 11, 1967
|Mar 3, 1970
|Swift & Co
|Phosphonate amine polyol compounds and a process for preparing same
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 28, 1987
|Dec 20, 1988
|Biocompatibles Ltd.
|Biocompatible polyesters
|Jun 3, 1987
|Nov 14, 1989
|Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
|Biocompatible polyurethanes modified with lower alkyl sulfonate and lower alkyl carboxylate
|Feb 16, 1989
|Dec 12, 1989
|W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn.
|Contact lenses based on biocompatible polyurethane and polyurea-urethane hydrated polymers
|Apr 5, 1989
|May 21, 1991
|Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
|Biocompatible polyurethane devices wherein polyurethane is modified with lower alkyl sulfonate and lower alkyl carboxylate
|Mar 26, 1990
|Oct 29, 1991
|Becton, Dickinson And Company
|Thermoplastic elastomeric hydrophilic polyetherurethane expandable catheter
|Dec 7, 1989
|Oct 13, 1992
|Miles Inc.
|Rapid curing, light stable, two-component polyurethane coating compositions
|Aug 15, 1991
|Jul 13, 1993
|Becton, Dickinson And Company
|Catheter tubing of controlled in vivo softening
|Sep 15, 1992
|Aug 30, 1994
|Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc.
|Antithrombogenic surface
|Jun 5, 1992
|Mar 5, 1996
|Biocompatibles Limited
|Polymeric coating
|Dec 8, 1999
|Jun 26, 2001
|Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc.
|Method of layering a three-coated stent using pharmacological and polymeric agents
|Jun 26, 2001
|Aug 16, 2005
|Novartis Ag
|Polyurethane hydrogel contact lens
|Dec 24, 2003
|Jul 27, 2010
|Biomerix Corporation
|Repair of spinal annular defects and annulo-nucleoplasty regeneration
|Sep 28, 2010
|Biomerix Corporation
|Reticulated elastomeric matrices, their manufacture and use in implantable devices
|Nov 17, 2004
|Jul 12, 2011
|Novartis Ag
|Crosslinkable polyurea prepolymers
|May 25, 2005
|Oct 15, 2013
|Cook Medical Technologies Llc
|Coated implantable medical device
|Oct 31, 2007
|Jun 24, 2014
|Cook Medical Technologies Llc
|Coated implantable medical device
|Apr 21, 2005
|Jul 8, 2014
|Biomerix Corporation
|Aneurysm treatment devices and methods
|Jun 23, 2009
|Feb 3, 2015
|Cook Medical Technologies Llc
|Methods for making implantable medical devices
|Jan 16, 2004
|Jan 20, 2005
|Beckman Eric J.
|Biodegradable polyurethanes and use thereof
|May 17, 2004
|Feb 24, 2005
|Arindam Datta
|Reticulated elastomeric matrices, their manufacture and use in implantable devices
|Nov 17, 2004
|May 26, 2005
|Devlin Brian G.
|Crosslinkable polyurea prepolymers
|Jul 27, 2004
|Jul 28, 2005
|Maybelle Jordan
|Endovascular treatment devices and methods
|May 25, 2005
|Oct 6, 2005
|Bates Brian L
|Coated implantable medical device
|Apr 21, 2005
|Jun 1, 2006
|Ivan Sepetka
|Aneurysm treatment devices and methods
|Sep 15, 2005
|Jun 1, 2006
|Ivan Sepetka
|Aneurysm treatment devices and methods
|Dec 31, 2003
|Jul 29, 2004
|Biomerix Corporation
|Reticulated elastomeric matrices, their manufacture and use in implantable devices
|U.S. Classification
|528/71, 264/328.1, 264/328.6, 427/385.5, 264/328.8
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 7, 1986
Owner name: BIOCOMPATIBLES LTD., 2, GRAY S INN SQUARE, LONDON,
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:CHAPMAN, DENNIS;VALENCIA, GREGORIO P.;REEL/FRAME:004633/0048
Effective date: 19860627
Owner name: BIOCOMPATIBLES LTD., A CORP OF GREAT BRITAIN,ENGLA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CHAPMAN, DENNIS;VALENCIA, GREGORIO P.;REEL/FRAME:004633/0048
Effective date: 19860627
|Feb 19, 1991
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Feb 6, 1995
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Mar 16, 1999
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Aug 22, 1999
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Nov 2, 1999
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19990825


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30 weeks and in pain
Im having alot of pain in many places this is my second child and the only pain i had with my frist was the back pain. There are times that i can barly walk because BOTH of my hips feel like there locking up and the pain is so bad i cant move my partner has acually had to help me off the toliet and go across the hall to our bedroom. i hurts to roll over it hurts to walk, lift my leg even hurts to just lay down. Im forced to lay on my side because if i lay on my back i get sick and dizzy. Im also get a more disturbing pain in my lower stomach,straight down the middle. I feels as if my uterus is going to fall out before i get a sharp pain from inside my vagina almost feels as if its right on my cervix. it shoots all the way up that area to my belly button and then stops. this happends many times during the day and it can be wether im sitting, standing, walking whatever. I was wondering if anyone else is having simalar problems or if anyone knows what could be causing it. thanks ~Jami
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Btw where it says 12 litres of water a day I meant 2 litresposted 04/11/2015 by rachelmitchell89
Hi, I' had similar pain during my 2nd trimester, I had to go to hospital midwifes and doctors kept me in overnight it was stretching of liagment pain, nothing serious! But was quite worrying at the time, I just drank l2litres of water everyday and tried resting more eg sleeping when I got home from work instead of watching tv and keeping still as that helped and going on walks with my friends, I'm now in third trimester 30 weeks and got exactly similar pain last night and struggled to sleep at night, I've started sleeping sitting up rather than on my side and having a hot water bottle / lavender bean bag around my back and lower bladder seemed to help and spraying avon sleep lavender mist on my pillow to help me sleep and drinking warm milkshake before I go to bed helps me sleep quicker rather than staying up untill late hours of the morning. Does anyone else started to get admonial pain in their bladder or hips at week 30?posted 04/11/2015 by rachelmitchell89
Im 30 weeks and 3 days and experience the same aches and pains. I was actually beginning to think I was a one of a kind. That something had to be wrong with me because I see these other pregnant women skipping around and living normal lives, then there is me who can barely walk because of pain and the sensation my hips will pop out of place if I walk to fast. So its good to hear these are normal complications for some of us.posted 09/15/2008 by dawny712
I am 30 weeks pregnant i never felt like this before ihve 2kids and thus this is my third baby..big different right now becoz ifeel pain simetimes cant sleep at night .llower part of my belly hurt but just afew second only..my problem is icant really sleep at night..posted 09/25/2013 by mgcaccam12
I have extreme pain in odd places too! This is my 3rd and i have never had the pain like i do this time around. My doc just keeps saying its because of scar tissue (from c-sections) and running after my 2 yr old and working. I dont know if i agree but what do you do?posted 11/30/2011 by nicoleihunt1
the doctor told my to take tynoel. but the pain will go away if the baby finds another comfortable spot. or until delivery i know how you feel im going through it now ugh.posted 06/22/2013 by regina6136
the doctor told my to take tynoel. but the pain will go away if the baby finds another comfortable spot. or until delivery i know how you feel im going through it now ugh.posted 06/22/2013 by regina6136
I know exactly what you're talking about, I'm 30 weeks as well and its been happening for about 3 or 4 weeks, since i started beauty school. My doctor says its normal. If you start seeing blood or anything like that I would definitely talk to your doctor right away. If not don't worry, its just pregnancy for ya.posted 05/17/2008 by julymommy89
Jami, I am so sorry to hear about the severe pain you are experiencing. I am currently 30 weeks pregnant (baby number 5 for me / second marriage) and know what you are going through. Please always remember that each pregnancy is different. I am too having pains (although not severe and mostly only at night), which my OB/GYN provider describes as "stretching pain." There are so many changes with your body during the pregnancy...other organs such as liver, gallbladder, are being moved by the baby as it is getting bigger. Ask your doctor what you can do to help you relieve the pain. Some posted that heat treatment worked for them, I am doing better with ice treatments. I wish you and your family the best. Congratulations on your pregnancy! Tanjaposted 07/22/2008 by a BabyCenter Member
I had what you're describing with my second pregnancy, although not as severe as is sounds you do. Pelvic pain is horrible and affects every other part of your body! Take Tylenol and call your doctor just to be sure it isn't anything you need checked out right away. And I wish you the best!posted 03/22/2008 by UggaMugga.com
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Guilin is a prefecture-level city in China, situated in the northeast of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region on the west bank of the Li River. Its name means "forest of Sweet Osmanthus", owing to the large number of fragrant Sweet Osmanthus trees located in the city.
The city has long been renowned for its scenery of karst topography and is one of China's most popular tourist destinations.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons BY-SA License. It uses material from Wikipedia content.


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Mystic Sorcerer Elite Collection Adult Plus Costume
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- $89.99
- Price:
- $79.99
- Prod ID:
- 32535
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Conjure up some magical and mysterious medieval fun!
Sorcerers come in all forms, shapes and sizes, and they've made appearances many books, movies and legends over the years. Despite individual differences, they all aim to use magic to accomplish certain things, whether it's saving the world or helping destroy it. With the Mystic Sorcerer Elite Collection Adult Plus Costume, you can work on making your own magic at your next Halloween party or costume party. Wander around the room with an air of mystery in your long brown robe, which has a jeweled bat medallion to adds a bit of fear to the costume. Don't forget to put up the hood to create an even more enigmatic look. Are you good or evil? Friend or foe? In this outfit, you can be whoever you want to be.
- Includes: A full length robe, hood with attached cape collar, waist sash, and jeweled bat medallion.
- Does Not Include: Shoes.
Add a wand or arcane book of spells to your costume and you'll be real deal! Whether you're a good or bad sorcerer, one who protects or one who conjures up trouble, you'll be sure to impress other party guests with your awe-inspiring presence.
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- Home
- About Us
- Gift Shop
- Museum
- Bald Eagle Preserve
- Bald Eagle Festival
Gerber Vintage American Bald Eagle Foundation Knives
SKU: Knife 01
American Bald Eagle Foundation Knives
By Gerber
The Gerber Folding Sportsman III is constructed from a diecast brass frame. It measures 9 ¼" long when opened. The knife is 5" long when closed and weighs 9 ½ ounces. The blade is made of 440c stainless steel hardened to Rockwell 57-59C. The rivets are machined out of brass. The inlays are made of ivory micarta, a very durable yet beautiful knife material. It ages similar to ivory, yet doesn't crack as ivory sometimes does. The precision-fit inlays are held in place by a loctite product, eliminating unsightly rivets. The Bald Eagle Scene scrimshaw was done by a world renowned western/wildlife artist Jim Blair. His primary project was fossil ivory before joining Gerber Legendary knives.
The blade of the knife is engraved with
"1792-American Bald Eagle Bicentennial Commemorative-1982"
Limited edition Collectible Knives only available through the American Bald Eagle Foundation. Each knife is numbered on the ivory micarta handle.
$500.00 Each
Price: $500.00


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Does this make me high risk this time around? I was rushed to ER my first day home after my c section with pulmonary edema. Pretty scary. I should also mention I am 40 and have had 3 miscarriages in the last 4 years. My R.E. and previous OB say no but I beg to differ. Just want to make sure I get the best care possible so I'm here to raise all of my children.
Previous Postpartum Pre-E
Linda married to DH 10-03
PPCM and Postpartum Pre-E - www.amothersheart.org
Comments (3)
I had no pre-e with my second pregnancy and wasn't high risk. But now with my third pregnancy I am high risk. Just depends on your doctor.
Renee ~Xane 11y ~Kai 7y ~Ace 5y ~Declan 3y ~ Phoebe 8/27/13
The doctors always told me that I would be high risk. But when I called the MFM they said I wasn't and that they would start me at low risk. If anything happened they would transfer me right away. I told them I developed PE suddenly and had to deliver early and asked them to just keep me at high risk. I wanted to be safe and be looked after better.
I say just let them know that you would be more comfortable with being high risk. Beg if you have to.
Anthony Arturo 3/9/08-3/15/08 born 25 weeks 2 days due to severe Pre-e
Gabriella Eve Due5/29/09 C/S Born May 12th!!
#3 EDD 4/07/13 c/s around mid March
I had Pre-E with my first pretty early on at 26 weeks was when I was officially diagnosed but I think I had it before then. This time around I have been working directly with an MFM obgyn and he has been following me closely my whole pregnancy. If you can see an MFM dr. that would definitely put your mind at ease and at the very least, find an OBGYN who would work with a Perinatologist and let you see him/her as you progress in your pregnancy to make sure that everything is on track. I would just let them know what you are comfortable with!
Lis :0)
*** Lis***
Molly 2-8-05 & Annie 11-9-08


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I have a helper method in my application controller and based on the request format I want to return different things. here is the method.
def require_facebook_sign_in!
session[:return_to] = request.url
unless current_user
respond_to do |format|
format.html {redirect_to "/auth/facebook"}
format.json { status :created , :callback => params[:callback] }
I am getting the following error. I ran a debug on it and this error is thrown for respond_to do |format|
argumentError (wrong number of arguments (2 for 0)):
block (2 levels) in require_facebook_sign_in!'require_facebook_sign_in!'
Why does the respond_to does not have access to format in the helper method


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The New Jersey Corporate Counsel Association (NJCCA) and Women Lawyers in Bergen this month are planning a CLE seminar titled Women In House: How Did They Get There? What Do They Do?
The program will take place on Tuesday, February 27 from 5:30 to 8 p.m. at Teggiano Restaurant, South Hackensack, NJ.
Panel discussion features women general counsel, legal directors and other in-house lawyers sharing perspectives on career paths.
Speakers will include Tara D'Orsi, general counsel, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital at Rahway; Elaine G. Drummond, assistant general counsel, Xerox; Daryl Ury Fox, corporate vice-president and general counsel, the Ferolie Group; Evaleon Hill, Women's Networking Group, NJCCA, and Denelle J. Waynick, legal director, Schering-Plough Corporation.
For details on registration fees, see the Bulletin Board on The Metropolitan Corporate Counsel website at www.metrocorpcounsel.com.
For reservations for the February 27 seminar, call (201) 342-6000, extension 223 or email email@example.com.


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Henrico's Top Teachers – Lynne Norris
Deep Run H.S., Center for Information Technology
Years spent in the corporate world convinced Lynne Norris that what she really wanted to do wasn't crunching numbers or clawing her way through middle management.
"I had said for a number of years that if I could do anything and money wasn't an object, I would go teach high school," she recalls.
Eventually, though, she dropped the financial condition.
"I quit my job, went to get my teacher certification and haven't looked back," she says.
The decision was an easy one for Norris, who is in her third year as department chair of Deep Run High School's Center for Information Technology, which draws students from throughout the county. As a parent of two teenage sons herself – and as someone who found motivation from her high school teachers – there was little question where Norris wanted to be.
Deep Run's program engages students in cutting-edge technology, helping to prepare them for college and careers in the field or as engineers, among other paths. The program counts 100 students among its ranks, and Norris says each one demonstrates skills and knowledge that impress her each day.
"I tell my students that in many ways they're much smarter than I am, because they grew up with this [technology] and I didn't. It's part of who they are – they just take off and run with it."
Norris requires each of her tenth-graders to become the class's "consultant of the week" once, a role that asks them to become an expert on a new technology topic, then teach the class about it.
"Some of the topics they come up with are just amazing," she says.
She also created a senior "Capstone" course that exposes students to four topics (information technology management, database design, network security or game design), during its first nine weeks, then allows them to choose one, study it in depth and write a research paper about the topic.
Norris fully involves herself not only in the center and her classes, but the students and the school community as a whole.
"Students enter her classroom eager to learn in a professional atmosphere where they are given up-to-date opportunities to discover, research and learn about the latest advancements in technology," a colleague wrote in a nomination letter. "She serves on several committees, always volunteers for tickets sales, attends school events, speaks before community groups about the center and mentors new teachers in the center. She is also the advisor to the Computer Club and mentors girls in information technology. She must have a cape somewhere in her wardrobe."
To Norris, her students make the job enjoyable and rewarding. They also keep her honest. "Being real with the students is really important, because they know when you're not," she says. "Putting it out there when I make a mistake, or if I don't know an answer, I think they respect that. And because of those things they trust me.
"I love these kids and I tell them that regularly. I don't have to care about these kids, but I really do. I care how they're doing in all of their other classes and activities. They're really willing to open up and do lots of things when they realize that people really do care."
Richmond Solar Co-op sign ups end April 30
Citizen Staff Reports 04/25/2016
The sign up period for the Richmond Community Solar Co-op will close on April 30. Nearly 150 homeowners and businesses have joined the group to save money and make going solar easier. The group has started installations and is working with VA SUN to learn about solar technology and the process of going solar.
"If you've ever thought about going solar, this is a great opportunity to do so," said Sekar Veerappan Co-op member and the group's first installation. "Working with the group helps members learn about going solar and make an informed decision." > Read more.
YMCA branches to host 'Healthy Kids Day' Apr. 29-30
Citizen Staff Reports 04/22/2016
The YMCA of Greater Richmond will host its "Healthy Kids Day" April 29-30 at all local branches.
The event is part of the Y's national initiative to improve families' health and well-being.
Each event features games, healthy snacks, arts and crafts and physical activities, among other events. Its goal is to motivate and teach families how to develop healthy routines at home. > Read more.
Weekend Top 10
Another great weekend of outdoor activities awaits you in Henrico! Walk MS, an annual charity run for multiple sclerosis, and the third annual Movin' & Shakin' 5K, to benefit the VCU Parkinson's and Movement Disorders Center, both take place in Innsbrook tomorrow. Another charity event, the CASA Superhero Run, will be held at St. Joseph's Villa. On Sunday, live music can be found at Belmont Recreation Center, featuring the John Winn Quartet, and at Shady Grove United Methodist Church, where pianist Sylvia Cooper will be performing. For all our top picks this weekend, click here! > Read more.
Henrico DPU flushing lines in Lakeside to clear discolored water
Henrico Public Schools to offer parenting workshops
Glen Allen teens' project fights cyberbullying
Challa to receive 'Outstanding Women Award'
Highland Springs HS teacher earns national award
- More News
Print Edition
Apr. 21, 2016Click here to read the print edition.
Weekend Top 10
Henrico students star in 'The Enchanted Toy Shop'
Weekend Top 10
Weekend Top 10
Reynolds CC hosting student art show
- More Entertainment
Obituary – Albert H. Buccini
Obituary – Rebecca Hagadorn Clarke
Obituary – David Allen Luebke
- More Obituaries
Richmond Solar Co-op sign ups end April 30
YMCA branches to host 'Healthy Kids Day' Apr. 29-30
Henrico PAL honors supporters
- More Community
Of character and parenting
Opinion: Rename school for late Henrico officer
Of car chats and grocery games
- More Opinions
Strawberry visits Tuckahoe Little League
Athlete of the Week – July 3: Kayla Sell
- More Sports
Reader Survey | Advertising | Email updates
Place an Ad | More Classifieds
CalendarThe Henrico East Rotary Club will host Rockin' with Rotary from 7:30 p.m. to 11 p.m. at The John Marshall Hotel. Tickets are a $100 donation and admits two to… Full text


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Main Content:
Men's Blazer
Gap Men's Blazer
A Gap men's blazer instantly pulls any look together. Use a men's blazer to dress up jeans or casual pants. A mens blazer makes it easy to create a smart style for casual occasions. Find mens blazers that are made with quality construction and material for a timeless piece you can wear season after season. The Gap collection of men's blazers are cut for a comfortable fit and designed to have a fresh feel. Gap is known for its cool classic fashions and our mens blazer selection is no exception. Choose a men's blazer from Gap and get a classic staple with a modern appeal.


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Tesco Mobile is launching a brand campaign in the UK created by Wieden & Kennedy Amsterdam.
Using the strapline "Enough said", the campaign consists of three 30-second films, which aim to underline the simplicity of Tesco Mobile's offer. Each film opens with a specific offer or benefit, which is outlined within the first few seconds, allowing the remaining time to be used for entertainment.
One execution features Ricardo, a tap-dancing flea, another stars a screeching heavy metal parrot and a third shows a man donning a red helmet before leaping into a giant chocolate dessert.
Targeted video-on-demand versions of the films extend the activity, as well as online versions that actively encourage the viewer to skip the ad after the offer is covered in the initial moments of the spot.
Film direction is by Ulf Johansson, art direction by Vasco Vicente and copywriting by Evgeny Primachenko.
This article was first published on


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Dyke, Janet Elizabeth, Wilson, Sarah E, Becket, Gordon and Greenwood, Karen Jane Assessing written work by determining competence to achieve the module-specific learning outcomes. In: 5th Pharmacy Education Symposium, 2009, Prato, Italy. (Unpublished)
Full text not available from this repository.
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|R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica
|?? sch_pps ??
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Music is the fourth great material want, first food, then clothes, then shelter, then music.
~Christian Nestell Bovee
Live music will play throughout the evening… we've been lucky enough to feature some of FoCo's best talent and this year is no exception: Tallgrass will headline in the grand ballroom, Troubador Sound Systems will return to spin their wares on the outdoor terrace and newly featured Silent Storm will kick off with a not-so-silent disco. We'll have a little bit of everything for your groove through suds and sound.


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Pack your Kicks for Route 66.
One Location
This year we're bringing all the excitement under one roof.
Fort Worth Convention Center
1201 Houston Street
Fort Worth, TX 76102
Fort Worth, TX 76102
One Weekend
Need fewer dates to keep up with? So do we! This time we made it easy for you to decide when to come kick it with us.
May 13 – 14, 2016
Friday – Saturday
One Experience
Being in the same place at the same time means the same worship, speakers, and friendship opportunities for everyone!


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Pay Equity Bill Exposes Gender Gap Politics for Senate GOP
Hawkings, David, Roll Call
Like so many legislative arguments, this week's intensified debate about the gender gap in wages has been obscured by a fight over which side has the better statistics.
President Barack Obama and his fellow Democrats in the Senate like the Census Bureau data, which shows total earnings by women were 77 percent of what American men made in 2012. Republicans and business groups point instead to 2012 numbers from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, which suggest a narrower chasm: Women earned 86 percent of what men got.
Which formula offers the fairest measure is ultimately beside the point on both policymaking and political grounds.
No matter how many caveats and qualifiers are factored into the calculations, the result from those and all the other government and academic studies is consistent. Women are still paid measurably less than men for doing the same work. And the Republicans in Congress are steadfastly opposed to the legislative remedies they've been offered for closing the gap. Both truths have remained essentially unchanged for years.
What has changed is the political gender gap, steadily widening and reaching record proportions -- to the seemingly obvious and dangerous detriment for the Republicans.
Looking only at results for the major party nominees in 2012, Obama won among women (who cast 53 percent of the vote) by a whopping 12 points but lost the male vote to Mitt Romney by 8 points -- a 20-point gap that had not come close to being matched in presidential polling done by Gallup since 1952. In the past six elections (since Michael Dukakis lost the female vote as part of his landslide defeat in 1988), the Democratic nominee has won women by an average of 10 points.
Even in the 2010 midterms, when Democrats lost control of the House by losing the national congressional vote by 7 points in the tea party wave, they managed to win 49 percent of women who showed up at the polls.
The advantage Democrats have built and sustained with female voters is dramatically underscored by the evolving congressional roster.
When Nancy Pelosi won her special House election in 1987, she became the 14th Democratic woman in a Congress with 12 GOP women.
Today, Pelosi is one of 20 females in the Democratic delegation from California alone. At the same time, there are only 23 women in all of the Republican lawmaking ranks. (There are 78 Democratic women in Congress.)
On top of these numbers are now added the particularities of this year's midterm elections, in which the singular story is whether the GOP wins control of the Senate. And, through coincidence or fate, the path for that victory will require a collection of GOP men to vanquish some of the nation's most prominent Democratic women. Challengers for the Republicans (all of them men) will need to knock off at least one of the three female incumbents in the most electoral danger: Mary L. …


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The idea of this mod is to allow you to play as any given race from the series and also from other existing mods out there, which was started by chris some years ago, many people have helped the mod get it where it is right now, and there isnt much left to finish up other than bug hunting and possible replacing of ship models. I would like to see this mod make MOTY at some point but i need to focus on stuff that needs to be done. Currently the few remaining teams are being worked on me, right now im focused on cleaning up the mod to make it as friendly and enjoyable as possible which is why i would like people to play test the mod and help me find any potential problems with the mod itself and get them taken care of. Also to determine what needs to be balanced, nerfed, buffed etc is also another role i would like testers to help out with by giving me their opinions, inputs etc. You can contact me here or via my Email email@example.com
Current downloads of this mod are up on sourceforge.
I update the mod every now and then so be sure to check the sourceforge page for last updated to get the current working variant. In addition i post what changed have been done from the last on a facebook fan site for homeworld 3.
The only races that arent fully done as of now are Tobari, Bentusi, those 2 teams are in need of more ships in order for them to be fully completed.
Here is the link for the manual - it's also still in progress but should help the first time HWU player: Sourceforge.net
Other information not in the manual:
Not mentioned in the manual is the CPU Attack Priority Option - use this option to add extra difficulty when playing a match, there are five settings our testers have told us that the "More Often" choice is the best for a good hard match. Note: these settings are independent of the standard Easy to Expert choices for difficulty giving the player 15 choices for AI gameplay.
Homeworld2 must be patched to version 1.1 for the mod to work correctly.
Your data folder (usually c:\program files\sierra\homeworld2\data) must not contain a different deathmatch.lua - as it may override the deathmatch.lua that is within the HWU big file.
If you want your badges to display properly on the homeworld 2 teams aka Hiigaran and Vaygr you need to have shadows disabled otherwise they will be displayed as a white box, this is due to shaders being used from HW@ to display their cruiser correctly which seems to be conflicting with ours.
The deathmatch_test game mode can be selected in the options menu, this will allow you to check out some of the more work in progress stuff as well as load the map of HWU's donated but unused ships.
Donated materials and a full list of credits can be viewed in the Credits menu from the main menu in HW2.
Lastly i did create a video tutorial explaining how to set up your in game races correctly so you can avoid desktopping, so here is the link to the video hope it helps out new players.
Steam group created for Homeworld universe mod.
I think that's it for now, feel free to ask any questions, and have fun!
Took me awhile but Homeworld Universe is up on steam for download for hw 2 classic. Shadowgaz and Myself will be porting it over to Remastered in the near future. And in time will have the ships updated for Remastered, got close to 500 ships after all. Here is a link to the steam page for the classic version.
Homeworld Universe mod will be placed on hold for a few months, due to real life events that took place.
I am in need of people who would be interested in working on homeworld universe seeing as the remakes are coming out at some point here in the future.
Online match with gul dukat from sins of a solar empire rebellion mod star trek armada 3.
Looking to recruit people interested in modding homeworld 2.
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I uploading this to moddb prior to putting my PC together so afterwards i can convert this to hw 2 classic on steam. The only real changes are adjustments...
CHANGE LOG 1.0.3 • The ATI display is now enabled by default, and I added a message telling players how to hide it by pressing "SHIFT + I" and "SHIFT...
Materials that will assist new modders and old alike.
Cruiser mini mod created by Enterprise E DO not release in your own mod without getting permission from Enterprise E like i did for HWU.
Download link for mission boy SE v 1.9, in order make sure there is a copy of it somewhere.
Converted hw 1 maps into hw 2 format for use with the HW2 mod homeworld universe. 37 maps total with backgrounds and soundtracks to the appropriate map...
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Which races have fully functioning AI?
Hiigaran, Vaygr, HW@ Vaygr, Beast, SOmtaaw, TUranic Raiders, Raiders Ascendant, Onslaught teams,HW@ UNH, Progenitor, Kadeshi, PTV Kadeshi, PTV Raiders, BEM, SOT, Derelict Kushan, i feel like im forgetting some but TObari, Bentusi, Kushan and Taiidan dont work Ai wise. Kushan and Taiidan will need some work to figure out how to get them to use research ships after i get that working when i get the time cause im working now so i no longer have times to do anything about this stuff.
So Taidan and kushan is broken?
Just the AI for them
Hello, I was playing this mod, when I noticed a problem with one of the units. The PTV Raider Enforcer, known in this mod as the Turanic Cruiser, does not function properly. In the PTV mod, it turned to fire broadsides at targets, like vanilla destroyers. In Universe, it fires straight on, like a battlecruiser. I wouldn't mind the change, except the Turanic Cruiser has most of it's guns fixed on both sides. By making it attack like normal units, it loses the ability to use the vast majority of it's firepower, and is rarely able to use it's turreted guns. The Turanic Cruiser has devastating weaponry, but cannot use it if it isn't turned to fire a broadside. Thanks in advance.
Thank you for bringing that up ill take a look at it.
Fixed and now attacks broadside vs all except fighters and vettes.
Much appreciated. Of all the great things in the mod, the only thing that makes me happier than unleashing a Turanic cruiser's broadside is playing as Beast Evo and combining it with Hiigaran Torpedo Destroyers.
Still no word on that Acolyte wing animation?
im the only one who will even work on HWU cause there is no one else and i dont know how to do animations.
Wait, Moleman left too? I thought he was the one who started this project in the first place? Did something happen to him?
Chris, Moleman, were the 2 who first started this thing and Whisper2Me and Starscream were helping i believe then i joined back in like 2008, i had shadowgaz, gearedup and mole man helping me when the others vanished and it ended up being me alone. So atm just me and im wanting on a response from the FX mod team cause i need replacement models.


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Julia Mullen Gordon
A Tribute to Gram Parsons, hosted by Country Dave and the New Fallen Angels
Columbia City Theater
Friday, Feb. 11
Let's do>"/>
Julia Mullen Gordon
A Tribute to Gram Parsons, hosted by Country Dave and the New Fallen Angels Columbia City Theater Friday, Feb. 11
Columbia City Theater
Friday, Feb. 11
Let's do the math. Gram Parsons, one of the most influential artists at the intersection of country and rock and roll, died at the criminally young age of 26 back in 1973. He would now be 64. Anyone who had a chance to see him perform live would need to be about that age, give or take a few. For those unfortunates too young to have experienced a show in the flesh, the Gram Parsons Tribute held at Columbia City Theater on Friday night offered the prospect of seeing what his songs, so beloved on record, sound like in a live setting. Country Dave and the New Fallen Angels remained faithful to a fault to Parsons' original recordings. But they might have shone a bit brighter if they had put their own spin on his songs.
They certainly covered all the bases. In a nearly three-hour set, they played a mix of hits and deep picks from Parsons' six releases. The core lineup, led by Country Dave Harmonson, featured classic country instrumentation like pedal steel and dobro. Their clear love for his music made for enjoyable listening, especially on more up-tempo tunes like "Still Feeling Blue." Guests from Seattle's alt-country scene, including Zoe Muth, Davidson Hart Kingsbery, and Tom Bennett of the Rolling Blackouts, took the stage, offering their interpretations of Parsons classics like "Juanita" and "A Song for You." The standout was the New Fallen Angels' ersatz Emmylou Harris, Gaye Winsor, whose real-deal vocals put the other female singers to shame.
When you only know an artist through recordings, after a while your mind imprints on those recordings and becomes inflexible. The beauty of a live show is hearing another version of a song you admire. But it's an adjustment, for sure, to accept that what's being played onstage doesn't match, or at times seems a poor imitation of, your mental map of a recording. Thus it was disappointing to hear a somewhat sluggish, flat version of a great tune like "Wild Horses" (written by the Rolling Stones, but originally recorded by Parsons) or a lackluster duet on "We'll Sweep Out the Ashes in the Morning." Which all raises the question, do people go to tribute nights to hear exact covers of the original recordings, or for interpretations of those songs?
Fortunately, the New Fallen Angels and co. hit the mark often enough, and it was really fun to be able to go out, have a beer, and hear songs you normally experience through headphones in a crowd of enthusiastic fans. But with the specter of those recordings hanging over you, you might find yourself enjoying the songs you're unfamiliar with more than the ones you really, really love.
Reporter's Notebook:
The crowd: Die-hard Parsons fans in full G.P. regalia--Grievous Angel shirts, sequined Sin City jackets, hats, boots, and a veritable ocean of plaid.
Random notebook dump: Instead of head-banging or holding up lighters, fans showed their appreciation for a song by partner-dancing.


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Preity Zinta is an Indian film actress. She has appeared in Hindi films of Bollywood, as well as Telugu, Punjabi and English language films. After graduating with a degree in criminal psychology, Zinta made her acting debut in Dil Se.. in 1998 followed by a role in Soldier the same year. These performances earned her a Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut, and she was later recognised for her role as a teenage single mother in Kya Kehna (2000). She subsequently played a variety of character types; her film roles along with her screen persona contributed to a change in the concept of a Hindi film heroine.Zinta received a Filmfare Award for Best Actress in 2003 for her performance in the drama Kal Ho Naa Ho. She went on to play the lead female role in two consecutive annual top-grossing films in India: the science fiction film Koi... Mil Gaya (2003),
Who is a better Hollywood female singer?
Ishkq is a stubborn, independent girl, who is out to have
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FILM; Art, Life And Love: Seeing Iris In 'Iris'
By JOHN BAYLEY
Published: December 9, 2001
''Iris,'' a film based on John Bayley's memoirs about the life and death of his wife, the British writer Iris Murdoch, opens Friday in New York and Los Angeles.
WHEN I was young I was briefly in love with the swimming star Esther Williams, not because of her swimming, which didn't mean much to me, not on account of her magnificent figure, but because she seemed to me to have such a kind face. That was a long time ago, and in any case I could have been quite wrong about her, though the idea of a kind face at the movies -- surely something of a rarity, then as now -- is one that for me has never entirely lost its appeal.
Iris had such a face. She had a kind face that went with her nature, and in some way this came through on the faces of the actresses who were performing her role and her story in the film that has just been made about her.
To be a really accomplished actor you must not only act the part: you must become for the moment whatever person in the story, the play or the film you are supposed to be. In the old days of the star system this hardly applied, at least not to the cinema, because their public simply and avidly wanted the stars to be themselves -- to be the fabulous Greta Garbo or Rudolph Valentino. The fans were not so much interested in the way they performed, the role they were supposed to be playing. The same was even true of the old stage, and it is still sometimes true of present-day performers and performances of Shakespeare. The audience that went to see Garrick, or in our time a great actor like Gielgud or Olivier, was not greatly interested in the subtleties of interpretation. It left the theater convinced that Richard III or Hamlet was in fact the great actor who had just played him. The actor replaced, in the past, the character whom he was acting.
It is true there were always some interesting exceptions. The great actor Kean was unknown and invisible as himself, but he electrified an audience when he appeared as Lear or Macbeth. Even his contemporary, the famous Mrs. Siddons, was a nonperson until she opened her mouth. It is said that when buying handkerchiefs once, she asked the salesperson, ''Will they wash?'' -- whereupon the girl burst into tears, so tragic, and so emotionally transfixing, were Mrs. Siddons's thrilling tones. (After she had gone mad and died as Lady Macbeth, she is said to have left the theater to give her children their supper. She had no interest in how the play was ended, and in fact she never bothered to find out.)
But all this is a far cry from cinema today, and from actors and actresses in the film ''Iris,'' some of which I watched being made, and which I have now seen in London at a private viewing, along with Audi, my wife, and Ed Victor, the agent who looked after Iris so well for many years and now looks after me.
Judi Dench and Kate Winslet, who play Iris old and young, are both fine actresses and personalities in their own right, but in the film they have successfully become someone quite different. I do not know if they have kind faces in real life -- I'm sure they have -- but certainly on the screen they looked like Iris, and their faces were Iris's kind face.
Judi Dench is of course justly famous for the way she has recreated on film the great personalities of the past -- Queen Elizabeth I and Queen Victoria -- the same art that great actors performed on the stage. Creating or recreating a contemporary figure is something more than a little different; but such good actresses as these managed to identify with the part of Iris, without, as it were, having to make their own version of it, in their own way, as Olivier, for instance, made his own interpretations both of Hamlet and Othello. I recognized Iris in Judi Dench, just as I certainly recognized what Iris used to be, more than 40 years ago, in the performance by Kate Winslet. But in neither case was I disturbed by the resemblance, or by a feeling that somebody quite new and unfamiliar was being created by actresses on film.
This was important to me, because I had been worried when I heard they were going to make the film that whatever Iris was like in it, she might only be a sort of parody of the Iris that I had known so well for half a century. Alzheimer's disease, as I had come to know very well, can have dire effects on the human personality, but during the more than five years Iris suffered from it, and I looked after her, she remained for me exactly as she had always been -- the terrible symptoms seemed not to touch her look, her smile, or the nature which I had always known, although I could often see the pity, the alarm and concern and even the fear, on the faces of friends who were seeing her for the first time since she had become ill.
My reluctance at first to have anything to do with the film came from my own fear that I should be seeing an Iris who was not in the least like the real Iris, the Iris whom I knew, and that in consequence it was bound to be a painful experience. It happens all the time that one sees a film which is based on a real person, or a famous figure from fiction who may in their own way be just as ''real.'' My reaction very often is ''But that's not Anna Karenina'' or ''But I'm sure Winston Churchill (or whoever) wasn't a bit like that.''


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Mission's End, Issue 1
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- The issue sold an estimated 9,352 copies in comic specialty stores in March 2009. [1] These figures do not cover copies sold in bookstores, etc.
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- Steve Molnar (interior art)
- John Hunt (color art)
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"Mljet" Top 5 Page for this destination Mljet National Park by KristaB
Mljet National Park Travel Guide: 47 reviews and 125 photos
Historians say that Mljet could be that magical island Ogygia, where Odysseus spent seven years with nymph Calypso, who offered to make him immortal.
Her cavern was surrounded by lavish forests and meadows.
Everything was so delightful, that even gods have gazed in wonder at this goddess' home.
She nourished him with love and care, he obviously enjoyed it, yet still he decided to continue his journey and return to Penelope.
Calypso loved him so much, she decided to let him go.
Mljet is a treasure island. You come and look for treasures, as there are many around, hidden behind luscious foliage, under water, behind stone walls, in farmer's gardens ....
Reviews (5)
Transfer to the St. Mary island is done by small boat that leaves every 30 minutes. It is one lovely trip, where you get... more travel advice
This type of limousine is very convenient for you trips around Mljet island. Small and easy on curves, it is perfect.... more travel advice
Tucked away in a side room of Benedictine monastery, this altar glows with serenity. This is one of those places where... more travel advice
SEM MARINA offers ferry connection between Trstenik on peninsula Peljesac to Polace on island Mljet SEM MARINA From... more travel advice
Comments (15)
My husband and I are going there in 10 days. I can't wait after reading this page. Thank you.
just came back from a wonderful trip to Croatia. Enjoyed everything but the MEAL at Burbon. It was the only bad meal we had. It was over-priced, the service was rude. I would avoid this place like the plague if your are going to be in the area.
Na Mljet sem sla za 1 dan, ko sem bila na Korculi.Ze takrat me je ocaral, zato bom morala iti tja se enkrat za vec casa.
Mljet is one of the few islands I have not visited. I undestand that I should have ! Bourbon seems to taste great !
Did you dream of the altar before or after Andro's meals;-] Those look like fish that would keep you coming back! Mljet looks like another great place that I missed in Dalmatia!
What a lovely lovely page!
I like wild boar and I bet it would be fun to chat with Mr. Andro Krilic--but does he speak English? Otherwise, I'd just be nodding and eating my food without understanding
Great page ..and beautifull photos..Thanks
Nice page you have. Happy travels-))
i do want to make croatia.. impossible to be there in person i virtual travel for the time being... i
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ShermansTravel » Netherlands
iStock International
Why GoFor dazzling architecture, captivating cities, and the charming, canal-lined countryside.
When to Go
What's New in Netherlands
Pass Go! 5 New Monopoly Cities You'll Want to Land On in Real Life
October 15, 2015 by Teresa Bitler
More than 4 million people cast votes to determine the "properties" for the latest Monopoly Here & Now: World Edition, now on storeshelves. Since the game ... Read More »
Checking In: Amsterdam's Earth-Conscious Hotels (Under $100)
November 12, 2014 by Karen Gardiner
Many hotel brands are becoming more conscious of their role in environmental preservation -- think solar panels, bathroom missives urging you to reuse your ... Read More »
10 Freebies in 10 Expensive Cities
October 31, 2014 by Christine Dayao
As tourism destinations, many major cities across the globe -- New York and Paris, Stockholm and Sydney -- are certainly monumental or historical or beautiful ... Read More »
Inspired Travel: Stay in Vintage Trailers, Refurbbed Airplanes & Other "Upcycled" Digs
October 27, 2014 by Christine Wei
Why sleep in a concrete-and-glass building when you can stay in a vintage trailer, a Boeing 747, or even in a wine barrel? These quirky hotel concepts are ... Read More »
8 Great Cities for a Layover
September 05, 2014 by Christine Wei
If you're traveling internationally or even just across the country, chances are you'll have a layover somewhere during your journey. Rather than waiting for ... Read More »


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FLUID VIDEO HEADThe compact Sirui VH-10 Professional Fluid Video Head weighs only 1.98 pounds, yet can support camera/light systems weighing up to 13.2 pounds. A built-in, 4.4-pound counterbalance system helps keep everything level. The Quick Release Platform lets you easily adjust the camera for ideal balance, while the panning resistance is preset to provide smooth 360° pans (and can be locked in position, when desired). Two bubble levels help keep things perfectly aligned. List Price: $199. Contact: Argraph, www.argraph.com.
DxO VIEWPOINT 2For photographers who have a preference for wide-angle lenses, DxO offers ViewPoint 2 for easily solving perspective problems caused by lens distortion. An eight-point mode makes it possible to fix convergent lines, with a Natural setting shortcut to manage intensity. ViewPoint 2 provides a database categorizing over 15,000 combinations of cameras and lenses, and provides automatic calibrations to correct these distortions. Full manual control is also available. An Advanced Cropping feature gives a crop that preserves photo proportions and resolves darkened areas. List Price: $79. Contact: DxO, www.dxo.com.
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Most mornings, as I drag my increasingly malfunctioning body out of bed, I glance out a window to catch sight of a poor soul nearing collapse on the jogging trail.
Losing weight is a horrible process - torture, actually. And though wholesome living isn't painless, nearly everyone understands what's involved.
Thus, with great curiosity, I turned my attention to the Metro Denver Health and Wellness Commission's brand-new plan to tackle our supposed obesity epidemic in Colorado.
Would they be tackling my carcass as I head into a Burger King for some tasty trans-fatty French fries, I wondered? Because, other than that, a gaggle of bureaucrats isn't going to accomplish much on this front.
"We've all read that Colorado rates high on the 'healthy' scale, but our communities' waistlines are expanding at the same rate or faster as the rest of the nation - with 55 percent of metro Denver adults overweight or obese, and one in three area children ages 2 to 14 at risk of becoming overweight," says Lt. Gov. Barbara O'Brien, who's spearheading this project.
Communities don't have waistlines, actually. Individuals do. And the truth is, almost every child is at risk of becoming overweight if their parents allow them to sit on a couch and play video games all day. And the vast majority of parents know this - whether they do the right thing or not.
Nonetheless, O'Brien, well-meaning as she is, has absolutely no business telling us what to eat or how much to exercise.
Theresa Donahue, executive director of the wellness commission, tells me, "We're here to work on changing settings and offering organizational support. We're here to make it easier for people to make healthy choices. We're not here to blame people."
Why not blame people? Whose fault is it? Yours? And it is as easy to find an apple in a supermarket as the potato chip aisle. (Or so I'm told.)
"To some extent they do know an apple is good for you," explains Donahue. "It may not be easy for them to find during the course of a day. There are not that many options."
There are thousands of options. Hundreds of thousands.
Even in a fast-food restaurant, a consumer can make more prudent choices. And most Coloradans realize this. In fact, the commission itself states that in metro Denver, nearly 70 percent of survey participants claimed they exercised every day or at least three times a week.
Now, nearly 30 percent of metro Denver respondents indicated that people prefer "less-healthful foods." And that's because, almost always, less-healthful food tastes a whole lot better. Duh.
In the end, the wellness commission has a noble goal. The problem is that when citizens are slow to react, health zealots begin to concoct ways to coerce individuals to adapt a lifestyle they've chosen for us.
Take, for instance, Colorado's Blue Ribbon Commission for Health Care Reform - which features many of the same players as the wellness commission. Right now, this group is putting together a health care plan for Coloradans.
One of the plans moving forward includes a provision that states, "... The most effective ways to modify health behavior consist of applying 'sin taxes."'
Of course, there is no credible proof that "sin taxes" - extra taxes on unhealthy foods, in this case - will modify behavior. None.
Imagine, though, if a government commission was looking into ways to modify the types of things you said. Or modify your reading habits. Or, even, modify your sexual habits.
We would be outraged.
Worse, a "sin tax" on foods not only punishes the "guilty." If, for instance, you pick up a Twinkie after running a marathon, Colorado would try to "modify" your behavior. (Orwell would be proud).
"No. We're not talking about mandates," says Donahue, of the wellness commission. "We want to get out there, through local chambers of commerce, and start to get the message out about a healthy bottom line and healthy employees - things like ... walking meetings in the office ... 15-minute walking breaks ..."
That's good to know. Though, if my boss ever asks me to take a "walking meeting," I'll know exactly whom to blame.
David Harsanyi's column appears Monday and Thursday. Reach him at 303-954-1255 or email@example.com.


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February 07, 2008
Posted by twloesing
I have a 1999 Suburban, 7.4 liter and 4L80E trans. Having shift issues ?Since moving to Texas from Arizona 2 years ago, the trans will not up or down shift in weather cooler than 40 degrees. It is in Safe mode from my scanner and will only operate correctly if the engine is shut off for a minute to clear the computer. It does not throw a hard code nor is my Auto-Xray scanner picking up any codes. I took my RV back to AZ in the summer and ran flawless. I believe it is electronics related. Any ideas ? ?


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A decades-long ordeal ruined a Texas man, but his life might start to get better now.
A decades-long ordeal ruined a Texas man, but his life might start to get better now.
A bill allowing staff and faculty at Tennessee's public colleges and universities to be armed on campus has become law .
The trial of a Georgia man accused of intentionally leaving his toddler son in a hot SUV to die will be moved.
The KDHE has rescinded a boil water advisory for the Mulvane Mobile Home Park.
Kansas is reporting that its tax collections last month were $2.6 million more than expected.
Former pro wrestler Hulk Hogan has sued Gawker again.
A woman was sentenced Monday for stealing more than $1.2 million from Presbyterian Manors.
The CDC is investigating an outbreak of a stomach bug aboard the Disney Wonder cruise ship last week.
The second of two men who escaped from a southeast Kansas county jail is back in custody.
The Sedgwick County Sheriff's Department says 749 pounds of expired, unwanted, or over-the-counter medications were collected.
The National Wrestling Hall of Fame has voted to revoke all honors for Dennis Hastert .
Joshua is wanted by the Sedgwick County Sheriff's Office for Probation Violation for Burglary.
The American Academy of Dermatology calls today Melanoma Monday and is targeting one group in particular: Men over age 50.
Britain's Princess Charlotte has received an extraordinary array of birthday gifts.
A federal lawsuit claims Starbucks regularly overfills its cold drinks with ice.


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Top Definition
It is a lebanese person who likes too find his way around life in for free, or rip everyone off.
Johnny sells cutters to his friends insted of giving real gear. "That Johnny he is a lebosnakeguy".
av Stevensen123 12. desember 2013
Skriv din epost-adresse under og motta dagens Urban Word of the Day, gratis!
Alle eposter sendes fra firstname.lastname@example.com. Vi lover å ikke spamme.×


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:shakegift: by DarreToBeWatch
©2010-2016 DarreToBe
An emote that I made. It started off as a shading test to see if I could do anything more complicated shading-wise other than the standard gradient click ad drag. Now it is a nice little Christmas emote. If you decide you could use this anywhere go ahead, just tell me if you do.
Im gonna use it in Msm...its so funny XD
It looks like he's licking it. 0_o


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5 area schools honoredPublished 7:41pm Wednesday, January 23, 2013
Out of 20 Alabama public schools, four schools from Selma and one from Dallas County were given the prestigious title of Torchbearer for the 2012-2013 school year.
To become a torchbearer, schools must be in a high-poverty area and overcome the odds to become a high-performing school. Elementary schools that showed this outstanding performance include Cedar Park, Sophia P. Kingston, Edgewood, Knox and B.K. Craig.
"We're just excited that we were able to achieve such a great feat," said Joe Peterson, principal of Edgewood Elementary. "We've been a torchbearer school before and we've been definitely working hard to achieve that status again."
Peterson attributed the school's success to hard-working teachers and innovative technology used in the classroom.
"It was unexpected but definitely a delight for us to hear that type of good news," Peterson said.
The Torchbearer School Program was created in 2004 as a way to recognize public schools in Alabama that have shown growth and success in the face of significant economic challenges.
"Torchbearer schools do not allow those challenges to turn into excuses," said state Superintendent of Education Tommy Bice in a news release. "Torchbearer schools exhibit exemplary leadership, helping all students towards success."
Frederick Hardy, principal of B.K. Craig Elementary, said although he wasn't principal during the time Craig qualified as a Torchbearer, he was a part of the teaching staff that made that achievement possible.
"From a teacher's standpoint, I think it's wonderful," Hardy said of achieving the award. "It shows that the faculty and staff really worked hard to make sure the students achieve those goals."
On being the only Dallas County School to be recognized at a Torchbearer, Hardy said Craig especially stands out at a high-performing school.
"It really was a surprise that we were the only school in the Dallas County School system to earn this," Hardy said. "As the principal here now, my goal is to take it to the next level which will be a blue ribbon school."
Bertram Pickney, Cedar Park Elementary principal, said quality teachers that inspire students are what earned Cedar Park the torchbearer title.
"We're obviously doing something right, so we're just going to maximize those things," Pickney said. "We just want to inspire our students to be successful and a productive member of society."
The Torchbearer School Award Ceremony will take place Feb. 19 at the Capitol City Club in Montgomery. A reception will be held from 5 p.m. to 5:45 p.m. with awards being presented at 6 p.m.


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Due to its greater rear head- and legroom, backseat passengers will be able to stretch out a lot more in the Mercedes-Benz E-Class than the Lexus IS 250C. The Lexus IS 250C will be a favorite with taller drivers due to its greater front head- and legroom than the Mercedes-Benz E-Class.
You'll be making about the same number of stops at the gas station with the Mercedes-Benz E-Class as you will with the Lexus IS 250C, as they get the same number of miles per tank of gas.
There are a lot of factors to consider when calculating the overall cost of a vehicle. The main consideration is Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price (MSRP). The Mercedes-Benz E-Class will definitely make more of a dent in your wallet than the Lexus IS 250C, which has a much lower MSRP. Another consideration is the Destination Charge, which is a standard charge for transporting the vehicle to the dealer from where it's built. The Mercedes-Benz E-Class and the Lexus IS 250C have similar Destination Charges.
The Mercedes-Benz E-Class is about the same width as the Lexus IS 250C. When looking at overall length, the Mercedes-Benz E-Class takes up about the same amount of space in your garage as the Lexus IS 250C.
Due to its much higher torque, the engine of the Mercedes-Benz E-Class does a much better job of transmitting power to the wheels than the Lexus IS 250C.
The Mercedes-Benz E-Class has a larger turning radius than the Lexus IS 250C, making it slightly more difficult to maneuver in and out of tight spots.
When it comes to horsepower, the Mercedes-Benz E-Class has a much more powerful engine than the Lexus IS 250C. However, something you should consider is that higher horsepower engines often command higher insurance premiums.
In terms of seating you'll be able to fit the same number of people in both the Mercedes-Benz E-Class and the Lexus IS 250C. The Mercedes-Benz E-Class has a roomier cargo area for holding your bags or other items than the Lexus IS 250C.
The Mercedes-Benz E-Class comes with essentially the same basic warranty as the Lexus IS 250C.
Compare the 2016 Mercedes-Benz E-Class and the 2015 Lexus IS 250C.
2016 Mercedes-Benz
2015 Lexus
|Cash Back Rebate:
|Visit Rebate Center
|Visit Rebate Center
|Low APR Loan:
|Lease Incentive:
|City MPG:
|17 - 20
|Highway MPG:
|26 - 29
|Seating Capacity:
|4 - 4
|4 - 4
|Basic Warranty:
|4 years/50,000 miles
|4 years/50,000 miles
|$57,893 - $63,891
Days on Lot measures the average number of days a model sits on a dealer's lot before it's sold. This is one predictor of a dealer's willingness to negotiate.
Monthly Trend for:
2016 Mercedes-Benz E-Class
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*MSRP and Invoice prices displayed do not include applicable gas taxes or destination charges.