text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Feb 10, 2009
|Filing date
|Jan 27, 2005
|Priority date
|Jan 27, 2005
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Anujan Varma
|Original Assignee
|Intel Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (23), Non-Patent Citations (11), Referenced by (20), Classifications (24), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Store-and-forward devices (e.g., switches and routers) are used in packet networks, such as the Internet, for directing traffic at interconnection points. These switches and routers include switching fabrics which range from a simple bus-based fabric to a fabric based on crossbar (or crosspoint) switching devices. The choice of fabric depends on the design parameters and requirements of the switch or router, such as the port rate, maximum number of ports in the system, performance requirements, reliability/availability requirements, packaging constraints, etc. Crossbar-based fabrics are the preferred choice for high-performance routers and switches because of their ability to provide high switching throughputs.
A typical switch or router contains a set of interfaces or ports, each of which connects to an external link. The interfaces generally reside on a set of circuit boards, called "line cards" or "port interface cards". A packet arriving from an external link first passes through a port interface in the line card. The port interface may be a framer, a medium access control device, etc. The packet is then processed in a packet processor and traffic manager device, which provides the functions of forwarding, classification and queuing based on its class of service, etc. The switching fabric receives the packet and forwards it to the line card corresponding to its destination port (which may be more than one for a multicast packet being sent to multiple destinations). The switching fabric thus provides the re-configurable data paths over which packets can be transported from one port to another within the router or switch.
A general crossbar-based packet switching fabric consists of a crossbar switching matrix, a fabric scheduler, and input buffers to hold arriving packets. The crossbar matrix is logically organized as an array of N�N switching points, thus enabling any of the packets arriving at any of the N input ports to be switched to any of the N output ports. These switching points are configured in the fabric scheduler at packet boundaries. Typically, the packets are switched through the crossbar switching matrix in batches, where a batch consists of at most one packet selected from each input port in such a way that no more than one of the packets is destined for each output port.
In a general crossbar-based switching fabric, each of the packets arriving into one of the input buffers has a header containing the destination port number where it needs to be switched. The fabric scheduler periodically reads this information from the headers of the packets stored in the input buffers and schedules a new batch of packets to be transferred through the crossbar matrix. Because each of the output ports is distinct, the fabric scheduler can schedule all the packets in a batch (a maximum of N packets) for transfer in parallel across the crossbar switching matrix. While the packets from a batch are being transferred through the crossbar, the scheduler can select the packets to form the next batch, so that the transmission can be nearly continuous. At the end of each batch of packets, the fabric scheduler re-configures the crossbar switching matrix so as to connect each input port to the correct output port for the next packet.
Single crossbar switch fabrics are difficult to scale to a large number of ports because of the complexity of implementing a large crossbar matrix (the complexity is of the order of N2, where N is the number of ports); heat dissipation; and simultaneous-switching noise. Thus, large switching fabrics are achieved by cascading multiple crossbar modules in a multistage configuration.
Optical switching is an attractive alternative to electrical switching for high-bandwidth switch fabrics. Optical switches have an optical data path from an input to an output port, allowing very high capacities. In an electrically controlled optical switch, the switching paths are configured by electrical signals. In addition, the capacity of an optical switch can be multiplied several times by the used of Wavelength Division Multiplexing ("WDM"). With WDM, many optical signals carrying separate data streams can be transmitted simultaneously over the data path by assigning each signal a different optical wavelength. However, reconfiguring the data paths of optical switches takes longer than in an electronic switching device. This makes them difficult to use in a conventional packet switch, where the datapaths are rearranged at packet intervals.
The features and advantages of the various embodiments will become apparent from the following detailed description in which:
The fabric port interface modules 150 receive packets arriving from the multistage switch fabric 160 via a fabric port 170 and pass them on to the packet processor/traffic manager 140 for any processing needed on the egress side. The port interfaces 130 transmit the packets out on the external links 120. A fabric port 170 may aggregate traffic from more than one external link associated with a line card, so a one-to-one correlation is not necessary.
The parts of the port interface modules 150 that transmit data to the multi-stage switch fabric 160 are referred to as ingress port interface modules and the parts of the port interface modules 150 that receive data from the multi-stage switch fabric 160 are referred to as egress port interface modules. A pair of ingress and egress port interface modules together forms the fabric port interface 150. Such a pair of ingress and egress port interface modules is associated with each fabric port 170. When used herein the term fabric port 170 may refer to an ingress port interface module and/or an egress port interface module. An ingress port interface module may be referred to as an ingress fabric interface module, a source fabric port, a source port, an ingress fabric port, an ingress port, a fabric port, or an input port. Likewise an egress port interface module may be referred to as an egress fabric interface module, a destination fabric port, a destination port, an egress fabric port, an egress port, a fabric port, or an output port.
The ISM 210 receives packet streams from the fabric port interface modules on the interface cards (e.g., 150 of
After undergoing switching in the optical switch, the WDM signal reaches an ESM 230 via another optical path (for example, optical fiber). The ESM 230 separates the channels of the WDM signal, converts them into electronic form, and switches the individual packets to their addressed destination port interface modules.
According to one embodiment, the CSM 220 can comprise an electronic pass-through crossbar. In such an embodiment, a physical electronic crossbar device may replace the optical switching function for each wavelength used to transfer data in the WDM signal. For example, if the WDM signal employs four wavelength channels to pass data, then the CSM electronic switch will have four distinct physical crossbar devices, each switching the data stream associated with one of the wavelengths in the design based on optical switch.
As illustrated, a first stage has m ISMs 210 labeled 0 through m−1 and each ISM 210 has n ports (labeled 0 through n−1 for each ISM 210 and 0 through m�n−1 for the overall multi-stage switch fabric 200). The middle stage CSM 220 is a single m�m optical crossbar switch capable of switching WDM data streams. Each ISM 210 concentrates the data streams from the associated ports into a single WDM stream with n channels. While, in this example, the number of channels is identical to the number of ports associated with each ISM, alternate embodiments may choose the number of channels to be either greater than or less than the number of ports n per ISM. Having a greater number of channels than ports may provide improved throughput and compensate for scheduling inefficiencies while a number of channels less than the number of ports may result in some performance loss.
The ESM 230 demultiplexes the WDM data stream received from the CSM 220 into its constituent channels and converts the packet streams into electronic signals. The packets from these data streams are then switched through an electronic crossbar to their intended destinations, and delivered to the corresponding port interface module.
Each of the switch modules (ISM 210, CSM 220, ESM 230) may be controlled by a separate scheduler. Each scheduler is responsible for setting up the switching crossbar within the module at frame boundaries based on requests received from its ports. All of the channels within the WDM stream are advantageously switched as a group by the CSM to one of its ports, but selectively routing each wavelength channel to a distinct output is also possible.
The ISM scheduler 340 is connected to the IQEs 310 and the ICDEs 320. According to one embodiment, the IQEs 310 and the ICDEs 320 are connected to the ISM scheduler 340 through a full-duplex path, for example, a pair of serial links 360 (one in each direction). Scheduling requests from the IQEs 310, and the grants sent by the ISM scheduler 340 in response, are sent through these links.
The IQEs 310 store the packets arriving from the interface cards in a set of queues. Each IQE 310 maintains a separate queue (isolated from each other) for packets destined to each ICDE 320. In addition, the packets destined to a specific ICDE 320 can further be distributed into multiple queues based on their class of service or relative priority level. These queues may be referred to as virtual output queues. The packets may be broken down into segments and the segments stored in the queues. The segments can be variable size but are limited to a maximum size.
The segments stored in the queues are aggregated into frames by an IQE (e.g., 310 of
The IQE constructs a frame by de-queuing one or more segments from its queues when instructed to do so by a grant from the ISM scheduler. Such a grant arrives at each IQE. during each frame period. On receiving the grant, the scheduler first identifies the subset of queues from which data need to be de-queued, based on the destination fabric port number specified by the grant. If there are multiple queues associated with the specific destination, the ingress module chooses one or more queues from this subset based on a scheduling discipline. For example, if each of the queues in the subset corresponds to a distinct priority level, then the queues may be serviced in the order of priorities, starting from the highest priority queue, and proceeding to the next priority level when the current priority level queue is empty. This de-queuing of segments proceeds until the frame is full. Each frame so constructed may not have the same size, but will always be within the maximum size specified.
While constructing the frame, the segments from multiple packets may be interleaved within a frame. Because the segment header provides identifying information for re-assembling the segments into the original packets, data integrity is maintained. It is advantageous that the order of segments from the same packet be preserved.
When there is only a single crossbar switching plane present within the ISM, the frame is transmitted in bit-serial fashion through the crossbar plane. When multiple crossbar planes are used, the contents of the frame are striped over the available crossbar planes. Striping may be performed at the bit, byte, or word level. Additional channels may be used for protection, such as error detection and correction.
The frame period of the ISM frame can be chosen independent of the maximum packet size in the system. According to one embodiment, the frame period is chosen such that a frame can carry several maximum-size segments and is compatible with the reconfiguration time of the crossbar data path.
It is advantageous to consider the overhead in synchronizing the receivers in the ICDE with the data streams at the start of a frame when selecting the frame period. A data stream is broken at the end of a frame. A new frame arriving at the ICDE may be from a different IQE, resulting in a change in frequency and/or phase of the clock associated with the data stream. Thus, the receivers must re-establish synchronization at the boundary of every frame. Toward this end, the preamble 540 is positioned at the beginning of each frame 500. The preamble 540 does not carry any data, but only serves to establish synchronization.
Referring back to
As previously noted, the data arriving at the IQEs 310 is segmented and stored in queues based on destination port and priority level. During each cycle of the frame clock, each of the IQEs 310 transmits information on the segments waiting in its queues to the ISM scheduler 340. This information can be regarded as a set of requests from the IQEs for use of the data path to the crossbar 330. The information provided by each IQE consists of, at a minimum, the addresses of the destination ESM associated with its non-empty queues. The information can optionally include many other attributes, such as the total amount of data queued for each ESM, the "age" of each request (that is, the time interval since data was last transmitted to the specific ESM), and priority levels. The scheduling requests sent from the IQEs to the ISM scheduler during each frame period may be formatted in the form of a request frame.
The major part of the request frame 600 is the set of requests 630. According to one embodiment, there is one request for each ESM and priority level. Assuming an example system with 64 ESMs and 4 priority levels, there would be 256 (64 ESMs�4 priorities/ESM) distinct requests 630 in the request frame 600. The requests 630 indicate that there is data in an associated queue available for transmission. The request 630 may summarize the amount of data in the associated queue. The length of the requests 630 (e.g., number of bits) may be chosen taking into account limitations on the total length of the request frame 600, and the granularity of the amount of data in the associated queue needed by the scheduler (scheduling algorithms).
The amount of data in the queue may be described in terms of number of bytes, packets, segments or frames. A packet-based switch fabric could define the amount of data in terms of bytes or packets. A segment-based switch fabric could define the amount of data in terms of bytes, packets, or segments. A frame-based switch fabric could define the amount of data in terms of bytes, packets, segments, or frames. According to one embodiment for a frame-based switch fabric, the amount of data is quantized in terms of the frame period. That is, the request 630 may be encoded to indicate the number of data frames it would take to transport the data within the associated queue over the crossbar planes.
According to one embodiment, the ISM scheduler may base scheduling decisions primarily on the priority of the requests. In order to maintain high throughput, the ISM scheduler may also give preference to the amount of data in the queues (e.g., preference to queues having full frames worth of data to send). When the amount of data for a specific ICDE and priority is equal, the ISM scheduler may look to the total amount of data queued for the ICDE. The ISM scheduler may also consider the "age" of a request (that is, the number of consecutive cycles during which a request has been pending with no grants given during that time) in making scheduling decisions, so as to prevent starvation for those requests.
Referring back to
The request pre-processing block 820 extracts the requests from request frames received from the IQEs and extracts from each request the ESM index corresponding to the request. The requests may then be passed on to the scheduling engine 830, along with the occupancy values read out from the ICDE occupancy array 810 corresponding to the destination ESM. Eligibility bits are used as "enable" bits during scheduling. That is, if a bit is zero, the corresponding ICDE is not considered for scheduling. After discarding the occupancy values corresponding to these ICDE positions, the scheduler examines the remaining occupancy values to select one of them to assign to the given request. The scheduling engine may utilize several criteria to make this selection. In one embodiment, the scheduling engine 830 may select the ICDE with the smallest occupancy value from the eligible ICDEs. However, because requests arriving from all the IQEs are processed in parallel, the scheduling engine 830 must also arbitrate among the requests so that each IQE is assigned a different ICDE. This may make it difficult to perform the selection based on the smallest occupancy value. In another embodiment, a weighted matching of the ICDEs is performed, such that smaller occupancy values are preferred over larger ones while performing the matching.
Maintaining the ICDE occupancy values in the ISM scheduler is advantageous for improved load balancing while switching through the CSM. Thus, this occupancy information is transferred to the CSM scheduler during each frame time. The CSM scheduler can then take into account how many ICDEs have data queued for a given ESM before scheduling the CSM. Ideally, the CSM scheduler should connect an ISM to an ESM when each of the ICDEs associated with the ISM has a full Frame Slice worth of data to send to the ESM.
After performing the ICDE assignments, the scheduler informs each requesting IQE of the address of the assigned ICDE. Each of the requesting IQEs, on receiving the grant message, de-queues the segments from its queues corresponding to the destination ESM specified by the request, and transmits them over the crossbar planes as a frame to the specified ICDE.
In parallel with transmitting the grant messages to the IQEs, the crossbar interface block 840 sets up the crossbar planes to establish the data paths between the IQE and ICDE devices as per the assignment computed.
The scheduling engine 830 also sends a corresponding grant message to each of the ICDEs selected as destinations in the current assignment. This enables the receiving ICDEs to detect any errors in the setting of the crossbar planes that cause data to be delivered to an incorrect ICDE.
The scheduling engine 830 may perform multiple iterations to match the requesting IQEs with the eligible ICDEs, where a subset of the matching is completed in each iteration. As IQEs and ICDEs are matched, the matched IQEs and ICDEs are removed from the computation, so that only the remaining IQEs and ICDEs are considered in the following iterations. The iterations proceed until all requesting IQEs have been matched, or if no more IQE-ICDE pairs can be matched, or if a certain upper limit on the number of iterations has been reached.
Upon completion of the computation of the matching, the ISM scheduler sends the result to each requesting IQE as a grant message. In one embodiment, grant messages are sent by the ISM scheduler to the IQEs and to the ICDEs by encapsulating them within grant frames. If the IQE and ICDEs corresponding to the same index are packaged together (within the same chip, for example) the grant messages to the IQE and to the ICDE at the same address are sent in the same frame. The message to the IQE identifies the destination ICDE and the message to the ICDE identifies the source IQE.
The ICDE grant 940 may include a valid bit 942, a source IQE address 944, and a destination ESM address 946. The valid bit 942 indicates that the field is valid. The source IQE address 944 represents the IQE that the ICDE should be receiving data from. The destination ESM address 946 specifies the address of the ESM associated with the destination port for the data. This field 946 is used by the ICDE to identify the queue in which the incoming data is to be inserted.
The IQE grant 950 may include a grant type 952, a destination ESM address 954, a destination ICDE address 956 and a starting priority 958. The grant type 952 specifies the type of grant. Exemplary grants include no grant (meaning no grant is indicated in frame), unicast grant (meaning that the IQE should dequeue from unicast queues), and multicast grant. The destination ESM address 954 specifies the address of the ESM associated with the destination port for the data. ESM address 954 is used by the IQE to identify the queue or set of queues to de-queue data from. The destination ICDE address 956 specifies the address of the ICDE to which data is to be transmitted during the next frame period. The starting priority 958 specifies the starting priority level for dequeuing data. The starting priority 958 enables the scheduler to force the IQE to start de-queuing data from a lower priority queue when a higher-priority queue has data (to prevent starvation of lower-priority data).
According to one embodiment, the various operations associated with the system are pipelined so that they can be overlapped. The basic time unit for system operation is the frame period. Therefore, each pipeline stage may correspond to one frame period, for example.
Referring back to
The optical crossbar device 1210 receives data from each of the m ISMs in the system. There are n channels associated with each ISM (e.g., channels numbered channel 0 through channel n−1). The optical cross bar device 1210 switches them together to the same ESM. Thus, during a given frame time, the crossbar may be configured to switch the channels associated with a particular ISM to a particular ESM. Just as in the case of the ISM scheduling operation, the scheduling operation of the CSM 1200 can be pipelined into a series of stages.
The ESM scheduler 1340 is responsible for setting up the crossbar data paths within the ESM 1300 during each frame time. Each of the ECDEs 1310 transmits information on the segments waiting in its queues to the ESM scheduler 1340 during each frame time. Information transmitted from the ECDEs 1310 to the scheduler 1340 in each frame time can be regarded as a set of requests from the ECDEs 1310 for use of the crossbar datapaths 1330. The requests sent from the ECDE 1310 to the ESM scheduler 1340 during each frame period are formatted as a request frame.
Referring back to
Once the ESM scheduler 1340 completes selection of the EQE 1320 for matching with the ECDEs 1310, this information is sent in the form of a grant to each ECDE 1310. The grant information sent to each ECDE 1310 contains identification of the EQE 1320 to which data is to be sent and the starting priority from which to de-queue. The grant information is sent by the ESM scheduler 1340 in a grant frame similar to the request frame it receives from the ECDEs 1310. Grant frames may contain two grant messages: one grant message for the ECDE 1310 and the other for the EQE 1320. The message to the ECDE 1310 identifies the EQE 1320 it should be sending data to. The message to the EQE 1320 identifies the ECDE 1310 it should be receiving data from. If both the ECDE 1310 and the EQE 1320 for the same index are packaged together (in the same chip or board), these two messages could be combined into a single grant frame.
Referring back to
The ICDE devices in the ISM are connected to the same ESM during a frame time of the CSM. Thus, a segment destined to a specific ESM can be routed through any ICDE. This enables the system to tolerate failures of ICDEs, ECDEs, and wavelength channels in the CSM by re-distributing the traffic across the error-free ICDEs, ECDEs and wavelength channels.
During normal operation, the data from an ISM 1610 to an ESM 1630 is capable of being distributed over all the ICDEs 1645. Utilizing all the ICDEs 1645 and thus all the wavelength channels in the CSM 1620 provides the maximum throughput. However, if a failure occurs in one of the ICDEs 1645, one of the ECDEs 1665, or in the components associated with one of the wavelength channels in the CSM 1620, the system can continue to operate by distributing the traffic over the remaining channels. For example, assume that there are eight ICDEs 1645 in each ISM 1610, eight wavelength channels associated therewith, and eight ECDEs 1665 in each ESM 1630 (all numbered 0 through 7). Assume that the ICDE 1645 numbered 3 fails in one of the ISMs 1610. When the ISM 1610 gets connected to an ESM 1630, the data transferred through the CSM 1620 can be distributed among the remaining seven channels 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7. Likewise, if an ECDE 1665 fails in one of the ESMs 1630, the failed ECDE 1665 can be avoided and data transmitted to the other seven ECDEs 1665, using only seven of the eight wavelength channels in the CSM 1620, and seven of the eight ICDEs 1645 in the transmitting ISM 1610. Any faults that affects one of the wavelength channels can be handled in the same way.
Tolerating failures in the ICDEs 1645, the ECDEs 1665 and the CSM channels as described utilizes a control function within each ISM 1610 that distributes the data switched through the CSM 1630 among the fault-free paths. A fault-free path is one where the ICDE 1645, the wavelength channel it transmits over, and the destination ECDE 1665 that is connected to this channel, are all free of faults. In one embodiment, the ISM scheduler 1650 performs this control function.
The ECDE status array 1760 tracks the status of each ECDE in each ESM and accordingly is a two-dimensional array indexed by ESM address and ECDE address within the ESM. The ECDE status array 1760 contains one bit for each ECDE in each ESM. All the bits in this array are initially set as being fault-free (e.g., set to '1'). When a fault is detected in an ECDE of an ESM, the corresponding bit in the ECDE status array 1760 is changed to faulty (e.g., set to 0).
To determine if a path is fault free, the statuses of an ICDE and an ECDE are analyzed to ensure that they are both fault-free. According to one embodiment, to determine active paths within an ISM requires the ICDE status array 1750 to be bit-wise ANDed with the bits in the ECDE status array 1760 corresponding to the appropriate ESM.
Referring back to
Although the various embodiments have been illustrated by reference to specific embodiments, it will be apparent that various changes and modifications may be made. Reference to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" appearing in various places throughout the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
Different implementations may feature different combinations of hardware, firmware, and/or software. For example, some implementations feature computer program products disposed on computer readable mediums. The programs include instructions for causing processors to perform techniques described above.
The various embodiments are intended to be protected broadly within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
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|May 5, 2005
Owner name: INTEL CORPORATION, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:VARMA, ANUJAN;REEL/FRAME:016191/0536
Effective date: 20041231
|Sep 24, 2012
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Oct 24, 2012
|Surcharge for late payment
|Oct 24, 2012
|Fee payment
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I like the scene very much! great!!
Y so srs?! Reminds me of Hellgate. Good job!
Nice work.
This one is damn cool!!
wonderfull work!
Nom nom-worthy colors. >D I like it that you used stronger orange and stronger blue this time instead of the ones which tint with grey alot.
Your digital painting style is still amazing. :<
Your digital painting style is still amazing. :<
The blade impact looks fantastic!
WOW!awesome stuff!love the color combination and your brushwork!
very cool
Awesome... o_o
Damn awesome! Good work!
looks great, my only crit is that the strike doesnt seem realistic. You should try inverting her from left to right so it looks like the blade is on the right.
Explosik ... atomik ... hero-ik ...Big Bang story ... I like it !!!

subset: commoncrawl


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2818 SW 29th
Oklahoma City, OK 73119
Located in Oklahoma City, Carnitas and Tacos El Tarasco features authentic Mexican food. On the menu you'll find ... read more...
7432 S May Ave
Oklahoma City, OK 73159
Perry's Restaurant in Oklahoma City serves up delicious American favorites for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Head in 24 ... read more...
6418 N Western Ave
Oklahoma City, OK 73116
Visit the Metro Wine Bar & Bistro in Oklahoma City for outstanding food and fine wine. Begin your dinner with an ... read more...
Bistro/Gourmet Cafe, Fine Dining
901 NW 23rd St
Oklahoma City, OK 73106
Pho Lien Hoa in Oklahoma City offers what many locals consider to be the best pho in the state. Located in the Asian ... read more...
4315 N Western Ave
Oklahoma City, OK 73118
Musashi's Japanese Steakhouse turns the art of fine cuisine into performance art as you watch your chef prepare your ... read more...
Asian, Steakhouse, Fine Dining
2920 S Agnew Ave
Oklahoma City, OK 73108
When you're craving something exciting and unique, go for a taste of the small Southeast Asian country of Laos at ... read more...
1841 Belle Isle Blvd
Oklahoma City, OK 73118
Pei Wei in Oklahoma City serves wok-seared, contemporary pan-Asian cuisine. Walk in to the open concept dining area and ... read more...
7550 N May Ave
Oklahoma City, OK 73116
Orange Leaf Frozen Yogurt in Oklahoma City offers some of the best tasting frozen yogurt around with flavors ranging ... read more...
Sweet Treats
3705 W Memorial Rd
Oklahoma City, OK 73134
Chef Vuong Nguyen draws deeply from the well of his culinary heritage, distilling it into his new gourmet fusion ... read more...
Bistro/Gourmet Cafe
4243 NW Expy
Oklahoma City, OK 73116
Reb Lobster in Oklahoma City is a casual seafood restaurant known for its fresh fish, shrimp, scallops and, of course, ... read more...
8001 NW 122nd St
Oklahoma City, OK 73142
An Oklahoma staple since the 1950s, Sonic America's Drive In offers breakfast, lunch and dinner seven days a week. From ... read more...
Diners & Drive-Ins
12215 S Pennsylvania
Oklahoma City, OK 73170
From Tuscan-inspired salads and sandwiches to homemade soups, The Stuffed Olive in Oklahoma City has something that ... read more...
4308 N Western Ave
Oklahoma City, OK 73118
The Barrel in Oklahoma City is known for their ice cold drinks and upscale pub food. Stop in and enjoy a drink after ... read more...
Bar & Grill
1117 N Robinson
Oklahoma City, OK 73103
Located in downtown Oklahoma City, The Garage has made a name for itself due to the tasty burgers and delicious drinks ... read more...
Bar & Grill, American
6447 Avondale Dr
Oklahoma City, OK 73116
Come out to POPS Arcadia's sister location in Nichols Hills Plaza where you'll find the same ultra-modern design ... read more...
American, Sweet Treats
5801 S Western Ave
Oklahoma City, OK 73109
Bella Vista in Oklahoma City prepares authentic Italian and Mediterranean food. Delicious pizzas, sandwiches and ... read more...
Other International, Italian
1500 SW 74th
Oklahoma City, OK 73159
Hunan Chinese Restaurant in Oklahoma City features a Chinese buffet full of traditional dishes for both lunch and ... read more...
5816 NW 63rd
Oklahoma City, OK 73132
For soulfully good Cajun food, look no further than Cajun King in Oklahoma City. Their lunch and dinner buffet includes ... read more...
Other International
9622 N May Ave
Oklahoma City, OK 73120
Family-owned and operated, Caffe Pranzo is a neighborhood Italian restaurant with a warm, inviting atmosphere. The chef ... read more...
3001 W Memorial Rd
Oklahoma City, OK 73134
Visit Abuelo's in Oklahoma City for the finest in Mexican cuisine. The Abuelo's menu includes a variety of ... read more...
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
GRAND RAPIDS, Mich. — Spartan Stores has kicked off its 2008 Habitat for Humanity fund-raising partnership. From Feb. 2 through March 3, the distributor's member stores are selling Habitat for Humanity medallions at the checkout. Customers can donate $1, $5 or $10 for each medallion. All proceeds will go to Habitat for Humanity and help build a home for a Michigan family. "Spartan Stores is committed to Habitat for Humanity and raising funds to help a hard working family build their own ...
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Clearance Sales Family Sets Family Mommy & MeNew Arrivals Rompers Onesies Tops & Sets Dresses Bottoms Accessories ShoesBaby Girl Onesies Rompers Infant Dresses Tops & SetsBaby Boy Onesies Rompers Shirts & SetsLittle Girl Dresses Bottoms Tops & SetsLittle Boy Shirts & Sets BottomsGift SetsAccessorize It! Hair Accessories Bibs Socks Bags OthersShoes Toddler Shoes Baby Shoes
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Cute baby clothes and children's wear at very affordable prices! Go through our online Singapore shop and purchase good quality cheap baby & toddler clothes for your baby boy, baby girl, little boy and little girl. We sell rompers, bibs, gift sets, dresses, tops, pants, shorts, pyjama's and many more. (stock lots)
Welcome to the our Singapore online baby and children's shopChristmas Sale! Our gift to you this Christmas holidays!!!Enjoy up to 25% discount Up to $25 = 10% discount$26-$50 = 15% discount$51-$150 = 20% discount$151 and up = 25% discount
Find the perfect gift, for Christmas or Chinese New Year, you are sure to find something that is cute, within your budget (cheap price) and perfect for the coming holiday seasons.
Look through our online store to find cheap and cute baby clothes and children's wear. We have rompers, onesies, tshirts, shirts, jackets, sweaters and many more clothes for your little boy or little girl. Carefully consider if you want to get sizes for current wear or slightly bigger sizes for longer use.
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3 PC Yellow Shorts Set$24.90Collared Blue Shirt Set$24.90Californian Surf Boys Shorts Set$18.90"Sail Around the World" Shorts Set$16.903 PC Orange Shorts Set$24.90"Daddy's Girl" Romper$9.50"Little Ballerina" Romper$8.20"Whoos Cute" Romper$8.20"Football Jockey" Romper$8.20"Mummy's Little Gem" Romper$8.20"Daddy's Little Helper" Romper$8.20"Mom's Litlle BFF" Romper$8.20


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Dar, the chimpanzee who used American Sign Language, knew the word for "hurt." Yet he didn't use it to indicate he was sick over the past few weeks. So it came as a shock on Saturday morning when a caretaker walked into the Central Washington University facility where Dar lived and found the 36-year chimpanzee lying on the ground unconscious.
*See also: The Veterinarian Who Seemed to Hate Animals
"It was very sudden," says Mary Lee Jensvold, director of CWU's Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute.Over the past few days, there's been an outpouring of grief on the institute's Facebook page. In the 27 years that Dar had been at the research facility, where he lived among a family of chimps who had been taught sign language, thousands of visitors had passed through. "He was a gentle giant," writes one mourner on the page.
It took a while to get to know Dar, says Jensvold. "He was a little bit more reserved than the others." But, she adds, "once a person, got to know him, Dar was a really good friend."
Yes, that's right a friend. Among the 200 to250 words in his vocabulary was the word "hug." When he wanted one, Jensvold says, Dar would let you know. He could also tell you if he was sad.
And he was observant. On a website affiliated with the institute, a woman who worked with Dar named Rozasika Steele, who is pregnant, describes an exchange she had with him recently.
Two weeks ago when I was interacting with Dar I signed WHAT THAT? pointing to my belly that is just starting to pop out. Dar replied BOY. I asked WHO IN THERE? and Dar signed BABY.
Like any good friend, he also noticed the little things. Jensvold recalls a recent conversation in which Dar commented on a new sweater and pair of shoes she was wearing. To Dar's eyes, the sweater looked like a blanket.
Dar's most salient quality, however, was his playfulness, according to Jensvold. "He always wanted to play a game of chase," she says. "Dar would kind of like fake you out head in the other direction."
Jensvold, who saw Dar every day for the past 27 years, says she's been shaken up by his death. She is planning a memorial service to be held soon.


text: ICPSR Metadata record for Federal Budget Outlays, 1971-1980 [United States] ICPSR ICPSR metadata records are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 United States License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/). Federal Budget Outlays, 1971-1980 [United States] Anton, Thomas Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research ICPSR 2006-01-12 8199 doi://10.3886/ICPSR08199.v1 This collection contains expenditure data for the 150 largest United States federal government programs, which make up close to 90 percent of total federal spending. The source of information on federal funding activity is the GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF FEDERAL FUNDS (GDFF) series, published annually from 1968-1980 by the Federal Information Exchange System, a component of the Community Services Administration (CSA). The files released here have been further processed by the Intergovernmental Fiscal Analysis Project (at the University of Michigan) and the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), as part of an effort to develop a comprehensive database for monitoring and analyzing the distribution of federal funding in the United States. The files differ not only by units of analysis, but also by what the variables measure. There are three kinds of variables: (1) dollar amount of program expenditures, (2) amount expended per capita, and (3) percent of total federal funds spent on programs in geographic areas. In Part 1, Expenditures by State, the geographic region is the unit of analysis, and data cover the 50 states, the District of Columbia, census regions and divisions, and the nation as a whole. The variables are dollar amounts rounded off to thousands for each of 150 programs measured at 11 time points (10 years plus a transition quarter). In Part 2, Per Capita Expenditures by State, per capita expenditures (rounded off to thousands) for the top 150 federal programs are measured at 11 time points. For Part 3, Percent Concentration of Expenditures by State, percent concentration figures (which are equivalent to state share of total national program expenditures for the top 150 programs) are measured at 11 time points. In Part 4, Dollar Expenditures by State by Year, the record units are geographic units (the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and census regions) by time point. This file contains dollar expenditures (rounded off to thousands) for the top 150 programs. For Part 5, Per Capita by State by Year, the variables are per capita expenditures rounded off to thousands. In Part 6, Percent Concentration by State by Year, the variables are percent concentration figures (equivalent to state shares of total national program expenditures). In Part 7, Dollar Expenditures (Unit Is Program) for Each State by Year, the federal program is the unit of analysis and variables describe program characteristics, including type of recipient, House committee jurisdiction, hard dollars vs. soft dollars, appropriation account number, program name, type of assistance, and type of recipient. The remaining variables describe the program expenditures for each of 11 time points for 66 geographic units. For Part 8, Per Capita Expenditures (Unit Is Program) for Each State by Year, variables include per capita expenditures on the program for the 66 geographic units measured at 11 time points. For Part 9, Percent Concentration (Unit Is Program) for Each State by Year, variables include percent concentration of expenditures (share of the total federal expenditure for the geographic unit) for 66 states/regions for 11 time points. UniverseScheme08199 ICPSR.VIII.C census regions expenditures federal budget funding government spending government programs states (USA) United States 1971 1980 administrative records data ICPSR AVAILABLE. This study is freely available to the general public. The original collector of the data, ICPSR, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Rearch ICPSR Ann Arbor MI http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/ firstname.lastname@example.com 2006-01-12 ICPSR 2006-01-12 All files were removed from dataset 10 and flagged as study-level files, so that they will accompany all downloads. 2006-01-12 ICPSR 2006-01-12 All files were removed from dataset 10 and flagged as study-level files, so that they will accompany all downloads.


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Krist Novoselic Chad Channing, Gary Thorstensen, Tad Doyle, Kurt Daneilson, Steve Wied & Kurt Cobain humping gear on a 1989 tour.
Twenty years ago this week I was touring West Germany with Nirvana, and the Berlin Wall was crumbling. I was fortunate to see history first-hand, along with our fellow grungers Tad, when we played what was then called West Berlin on November 11, 1989.
Krist Novoselic Chad Channing, Gary Thorstensen, Tad Doyle, Kurt Daneilson, Steve Wied & Kurt Cobain humping gear on a 1989 tour.
I could feel history in the air. We had been touring West Germany and picked up the emotions of our hosts. To them, having Trabants, the little retro-styled East German cars, putting around on their roads was a big deal. I just thought the little cars were cute. Easterners were not allowed to leave the Soviet satellite country--to the point where a wall was erected around West Berlin to keep the Easterners out! But because of widespread unrest on the east side, in 1989 the Communists opened the border, which resulted in a wave of visitors crammed in these little cars.
Emotional Germans were at the borders with arms wide open and eyes welling with tears of joy. It had been 44 years since the catastrophe of WWII. A defeated Germany was divided between the victors, and its people became ground zero in the Cold War between the U.S. and U.S.S.R. Instead of the shame and humiliation associated with WWII, this was a time of hope. And it was in this atmosphere that two Seattle grunge bands entered Berlin.
It's one thing to observe history, it's another to do it with nine people crammed in a little van. The tour was a real grind. We played shows every night for weeks on end. Berlin was not in the western part of the country. You had to go to the eastern border and take a transit road to the western part of the city, which meant we had another border hassle to deal with. Touring rock bands and border guards don't mesh well. Rockers and drugs are synonymous, but we knew that, so we had no drugs! It was easier to get past the East German police than past the British or Belgians.
Touring in a rock band is a lot of work. You go to bed too late, get up too early, and spend your days driving between cities. You've got to load your gear into the club and start that sound check--regardless of any sweeping social changes. And that's what we did. It was a long day of driving, and we had to leave the next morning for another show. Exhausted, instead of partying on top of the Wall waving a sledgehammer, I put my axe--my bass--and myself to bed.
We played another show in the West, then ended up in Hamburg the next night. Hamburg is known for its entertainment district, the Reeperbahn: full of strip clubs, porno stores, and brothels. Now it was packed with little Trabants and their newly liberated owners. Oh yes, the freedoms of the West! The Tad dudes dragged me into a porno shop to show me the most disgusting porno ever. The photos had people smeared with feces having sex. I literally ran out of the shop screaming!
That was it. I didn't have much money, so I spent the last of it on a few bottles of beer and went back to the hostel. In the common room were merchant marines from Africa. They had some brews too. I told them about Washington state, and they spoke of Senegal. The sweeping changes coming over Germany were discussed. Our respective countries never walled us in. We were in agreement that peace, opportunity, and freedom were good things, and to that we clinked our bottles and drank a toast.


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My violin. Brown toned in the darkroom
Could I use this as a preview pic for a poem, linking to you? It's just so perfect.
I just get that its "your" violin in the second I saw the photo; only who plays and feels knows to shoot a photo in this dimension. Great work. maybe u should take a loot at my works too, I'm a violinist too Congrats!
A very beautiful shot of your violin, very beautiful.
I've tried forever to take a good picture of my violin, and you've succeeded quite well here! What colour is it naturally? Mine's reddish, so sepia / brown tones mess it up. Hm...Great capture!


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Eater May Have Spoiled the Finale of This Season's 'Top Chef'
Eater continues to doggedly pursue the details of next season's apparent "all-star" edition of Top Chef to the detriment of the current season. The website's latest posting features some undercover work at the Bowery Whole Foods, where Eater spies snap some pictures of what appear to be cheftestants scrambling for ingredients.
All of this is fine and good. It doesn't hurt to know, generally speaking, what to expect about next season. But through some assumptions and deductive reasoning, Eater goes one step further and predicts who wins this season of Top Chef.
Frankly, I don't care. I'm ready to skip to the last page of this boring book. But you might still care. If you do care, do not click on this link! You've been warned.


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"I finally made it to the Mackinac Bridge!" Top 5 Page for this destination Mackinaw City by Bwana_Brown
Mackinaw City Travel Guide: 67 reviews and 81 photos
A great deal of Spring, 2010 was taken up by activities related to the sale of our long-time house in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada - but finally all the details and paperwork were sorted out by May 4. I had to return to work in western Canada within five days, so Sue and I loaded up our car and hit the USA interstate highway system the next morning. Driving down through New England, we made it to Utica, NY 1100-km later for our first stop. As it turned out, our drive the following day took us through the rest of New York state, a bit of Pennsylvania on the Lake Erie shore and through most of Ohio. However, when we saw that we would be hitting the terrible 'rush-hour' traffic around Chicago if we kept heading west (and we had already done that on two previous trips) we decided to veer north at Toledo, Ohio and take the 'scenic' route through the state of Michigan instead.
This was one state that I had driven past on all of its sides but had never actually entered. Besides, I had always wanted to see the Straits of Mackinac at its northern end as well as the famous suspension bridge that spans this channel between Lakes Huron and Michigan!
- Pros:An interesting small Off-the-Beaten-Path destination
- Cons:It is a long way from anywhere in all directions
- In a nutshell:Looks like it could be interesting during the summer months
Reviews (2)
Our rushed trip from Atlantic Canada to Regina, Saskatchewan required us to drive approximately 1100-km per day if we... more travel advice
The state of Michigan is cut into two pieces by the Straits of Mackinac, which join Lake Michigan to Lake Huron,... more travel advice
Comments (8)
This was all new to me although I hav e been to Michigan many times. Good deal on the hotel. You seldom go wrong with staying at a Sheraton.
Nice tiny little page! I've never heard of this location before, nor about the bridge; interesting info here!
Mackinac Bridge looks really impressive! Good find with the voucher. You certainly deserved a good hotel to take a rest and get new forces for another 1100-km drive :)
Thanks for the lesson. I was actually curious enough to check the map and now I know exactly the location of this place :)
Another tick on your travel map :)
Good to see a new page from you and a piece of your trip out west. We hit that Chicago traffic big time on our trip back east! We also used those coupon books for our rooms (D's find as well! lol). An area I'd like to explore one day is now very far away.
That is some bridge! Good tip about the hotel vouchers too.
a really impressive bridge !
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Oh my God! I am so angry!
I went to pick Daniel up from daycare today and I found out they served him salami - yes, that means pork. Pork, sisters! The woman who fed it to him was all "Oh, I don't usually work in this room!" Some excuse! There is a list of food restrictions on the wall with my baby's name - NO PORK! What if he were allergic to it? He would be dead!
I was so furious and devastated I cried all the way home driving through the snow (kinda dangerous...). I don't know what to do right now. Obviously, I will talk to the woman in charge of the daycare (who has relatives in Nigeria who are Muslim and knows never to let Daniel eat pork!), but I don't know what to say or do!
Please, please, please, sisters. Resist the urge to make this a "and this is why we shouldn't let other people take care of our kids" thread. Please don't kick me while I'm down - I already feel just awful about this.


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Bay Waters on the waters edge and has 3 large bedrooms and a large lounge room overlooking Pelicans Lagoon, Full kitchen available, and ample laundry.Plenty of room for parking cars and boats. Fenced large back yard for the children and your family pets, Covered outdoor entertainment area, with BBQ
Or sitting on the front deck watching the world go by.
Centrally located to explore wonderful Kangaroo Island, It can be described as Living among nature at its best, Seals, Penguins, Dolfins, Wallabies, Kangaroos bird species too numerous to list
A great location on the waterfront, with large back and front yards, Ample parking for the fishing boat and cars
Airconditioning, Washing Machine, Parking
- Entertainment
- DVD player
- Family
- Pets allowed
- Cooking
- Barbeque, Cooking Facilities, Microwave
- Linen
- Linen Supplied, Ironing Facilities, Towels Supplied
- Comfort
- Airconditioning, Open Fireplace
- Laundry
- Washing Machine
- Other
- Non-Smoking, Parking
- Custom
- Tea/Coffee Making Facilities, 24 hour reception, Hair dryer, Pets Welcome Outdoors, Ferry nearby, Courtyard


text:
Meet the 3rd Generation Nest Learning Thermostat!
That's Red Key Solutions
You came into business to do the job you love and the right thing by your clients. But no matter how good your company's reputation in your field, poorly performing IT can wreak havoc on your entire organization. Productivity, efficiency and ultimately bottom line profits can all suffer when unreliable, ineffective technology systems go unchecked.
Red Key Solutions can change all that. Since 2002, we've been providing Westchester County and New York City businesses across a range of industry verticals with a real alternative. When you team up with us, you can count on a proactive approach to fixing and streamlining your IT, freeing you up to focus on what you're best at. And we do it all while reducing costs, bringing predictability to your technology budget, and avoiding disruption to your crucial day-to-day operations.
Technology touches every part of your business in today's world. Success in the market depends on the right technological strategy. Red Key Solutions has a developed and mature package to overhaul your systems and put a process in place to keep your operation ahead of the curve. If you spend your time worrying about technology and whether you have the right partner standing with you, stop worrying and talk to Red Key.
And have experience implementing industry-specific IT solutions
Challenging work environments have specialist technology requirements - we arm you with IT that makes your goals easier to accomplish.
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Cover your every business need
Speak to our clients. They will tell you how we truly care about their success.
Our business can't operate without the IT infrastructure and technology that are managed and maintained by Red Key Solutions. Red Key is therefore a highly important partner to our business. The whole team is customer-oriented, very responsive, and understands our needs. Thank you Red Key for everything ...Read More
Market Research
Red Key took my general contracting company to the next level. Excellent field and office support 24/7 with live camera feeds to all our construction projects. Thank you Red Key for giving us the confidence to continue to aggressively build our company throughout the North East!
Red Key implemented systems and controls that eliminated hours of downtime our office experienced with past vendors. They consistently recommend the most cost effective systems/procedures and constantly look out for our firm's best interests.
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We have have been working with Red Key since 2012. As a mid 50's owner of a medium size business with 30+ staff members, I find IT a little bit of a black hole. I not only count on IT to keep me up and running, but also to let me know what I don't know. Even though I am not a computer person or really ...Read More
Red Key has been managing our IT since 2002. Our business runs like clockwork using the systems they put in place.
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We have had the pleasure of working with Red Key Solution since early 2012. Our practice is complicated in that it houses four separate but related businesses. We have 30 employees, four locations and medical software and its unique privacy issues to contend with. From an IT perspective our business ...Read More
Red Key truly helped make our operations more efficient and manageable. Their unbelievable support and integration have undoubtedly put us at ease and made us focus on more important matters. Makes me wonder how we did it without them.
Red Key Solutions has been a trusted provider of technology, IT support and web services for both our firm and for our clients for several years now, and I am pleased to give Red Key my very best recommendation! Services provided are delivered on-time, on-target and on-budget, every time - with ...Read More
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text:
Burst Arowana? by pink-fishyWatch
©2010-2016 pink-fishy
fishing for dragons XD
-Monster hunter Vespoid Armour
-Monster hunter Vespoid Armour
kick ass vesipod armor, im wor on a shen goaren armor my self so i'm glad to see a good mh armor can done
ohhhgreat armor isuck on painting xDD i hope to finish mine soon.
Watch out!!Plesioth!!!
xD and i just noticed the cat painting on the rock, nice touch
xD nice. i catch the burst all the time, but the golden arrowana is really tuff to find, i olny found it once.
i didnt even know it existed XD
Sushi fiiiish!! *¬*
Omg, So epic D8
^_^ thx
did you caught one?
LOL, nice. And is that a cat painted on that rock in the lower right
you lost your bait. XDD


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urn:lsid:ibm.com:blogs:entries-c2524145-231a-410b-a548-2f6ec3bb1841 Social Business Insights Blog - Tags - dunbar_number News and thoughts on becoming a business that is engaged, transparent and nimble. Join us in cultivating a spirit of collaboration and community. 1 2016-05-05T10:27:54-04:00 IBM Connections - Blogs urn:lsid:ibm.com:blogs:entry-1ebb22a8-bba6-4b15-8ad2-56a7bb0a7c39 Engaging the nonsocial in your organization Colleen Burns firstname.lastname@example.com 120000C4RP active Comment Entries application/atom+xml;type=entry Likes 2013-03-21T23:39:36-04:00 2013-03-21T23:45:21-04:00
 Engaging the nonsocial in your organization - It's a mind game!
 By Wannes Rams

 Some people are simply good at social, while others are not. There are several reasons for this—among them age, culture, habits and influencers. One factor that is rarely spoken about is the capacity of the brain.

You might be familiar with the Dunbar number. This number is based on a study by Robin Dunbar, who says there is a limit to how many stable social relationships an individual can have. The number lies between 100 and 230 but will commonly hover around 150.

 Two other studies look at how certain parts of the brain influence social media success. The Twitter spot in your brain is responsible for the capability of having more friends and  more complex social networks. And a larger orbital prefrontal cortex, an area of the brain associated with decision making, correlates with greater social skills. With this kind of information, perhaps employers might start scanning your brains in the future. Who knows - it could even be an add-on for the Kenexa suite! (Kenexa is a leading provider of recruiting and talent management solutions recently acquired by IBM.)

Joking aside, there really could be some interesting take aways for hiring managers. It seems obvious that the better developed these areas of the brain are, the better you will be at social. And therefore the better you might be at quickly adopting and using new enterprise social tools like IBM Connections. This will make you a bigger asset for the company and will increase your opportunities to grow within a social company.

The downside of these studies is the reality that this means some people are just not as good at social and may never become good at social, no matter how well you train them. If your company is using social software they will very likely not participate much or at all, because they don't see the benefit. For you as a company this is bad news because these employees probably have important information to share that can make your company more competitive.

Since I read these articles in August of last year I have been thinking about ways to have those who aren't as inclined toward social media take part in the social engagement of your company. I didn't write this post then because I had no clue about how to get them engaged, but having recently come back from IBM Connect 2013 I think I might have found a possibility. I'm not sure if this is the full solution—probably not—but feel free to share your ideas.

 When I saw the sessions on IBM Docs and IBM Connections Content Edition I realized that those people who aren't as social media savvy also have documents they need to share and work on. IBM is working on making these so intuitive that it will never occur to them that they are being social. In a sense, they are not truly demonstrating social behavior; the system is being social for them. This could be the first step to getting the nonsocial workforce into the social suite. And I think as more day-to-day tools are incorporated in the social suite, there is hope for transforming the nonsocial employees in your organization.

Wannes Rams <wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>is a senior consultant for GFI Benelux, an IBM Premier Business Partner from Belgium. He specializes in IBM Connections, Lotus Quickr,<wbr> <wbr> <wbr>IBM Sametime and Social Business. He was also a speaker @ BLUG. You can follow him on @wannesrams or <wbr><wbr>wannesrams.blog.com
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<wbr><wbr><wbr>Wannes is an IBM Redbooks thought leader<wbr><wbr>
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   Engaging the nonsocial in your organization - It's a mind game! By Wannes Rams Some people are simply good at social, while others are not. There are several reasons for this—among them age, culture, habits and influencers. One... 4 1 19571 urn:lsid:ibm.com:blogs:entries-c2524145-231a-410b-a548-2f6ec3bb1841 Social Business Insights Blog 2016-05-05T10:27:54-04:00


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First Data Expects a $1B Revenue Lift from Venture
Billls, Steve, American Banker
Byline: Steve Billls
First Data Corp. expects its new joint venture with Bank of America Corp. to contribute $300 million to its revenue in the second half of this year and $700 million in 2010, Michael D. Capellas, its chairman and chief executive officer, said Friday.
The Denver company, the nation's largest payment processor, also announced that it plans to move its global headquarters to Atlanta, where the venture, Banc of America Merchant Services LLC, will also be based, and where Capellas and Phil Wall, First Data's chief financial officer, already live.
"This will actually be the first time in the company's history we've all been together," Capellas said during a conference call Friday.
First Data already has a significant presence in Atlanta, with 750 employees, and expects to maintain its operations in Denver and in Omaha.
And though First Data has already incorporated Bams, as executives call the venture, into its consolidated balance sheet for reporting purposes, the company posted another quarterly loss Friday, its seventh in the eight quarters since it was acquired in September 2007 by the private-equity firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co.
Capellas said the integration of the two merchant processing operations would take 18 months, before Bams begins to contribute to the bottom line.
First Data uses adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization as its preferred measure of its operating performance.
Its interest expenses have been heavy since the $29 billion KKR buyout in September 2007. Its third-quarter 2007 report even separated out its $56.5 million profit from July 1 to Sept. 24, the day the sale closed, and a subsequent $28.7 million loss from Sept. 25 to Sept. 30.
Since then, First Data's bottom-line losses have ranged from $164.4 million to $3.2 billion; the latter figure was because of a fair-value writedown in the third quarter of 2008, after JPMorgan Chase & Co. broke up the Chase Paymentech Solutions joint venture that had been 49% owned by First Data.
But EBITDA has come in consistently above $600 million, except in the first quarters of the past two years. …


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More Ways to Navigate
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Find projects on which SERC is a leader or collaborator
Earthquake ActivitiesHelp
Resource Type: Activities Show all Resource Type: Activities
Results 21 - 30 of 75 matches
Peter Selkin, University of Washington-Tacoma Campus; Laurel Goodell, Princeton University; Rachel Teasdale, California State University-Chico
This unit builds on what students have learned about transform fault hazards to introduce the idea of risk. Students examine earthquake risk along the San Andreas Fault in San Francisco by examining public school ...
Learn more about this review process.
Getting to the Point: Exploring Tectonic Motion at Point Reyes National Seashore
Module by: Judy McIlrath, University of South Florida Cover Page by: Len Vacher and Denise Davis, University of South Florida
Spreadsheets Across the Curriculum module/Geology of National Parks course. Students use foundational math to calculate such earthquake-related numbers as fault displacement rate and earthquake recurrence interval associated with the San Andreas Fault at Point Reyes National Seashore.
Explaining Seismic Hazard Probabilities
Mary Savina, Carleton College
This activity asks students to explain earthquake hazard probabilities to a lay audience of citizens, government officials and others.
Developing student literacy on risk, resilience, and strategies for living with disaster uncertainty
Monica Gowan, Mayo Medical School
In this guided research and critical thinking activity, students prepare a research paper comprised of two parts: 1) a "state-of-the-science" review and synthesis of selected literature from risk and resilience research (provided) and 2) a brief critical appraisal of how current knowledge is (or could be) applied to building disaster resilience in a real-world scenario. Part 2 will be set in a student-selected hazard context (coastal hazards, flooding, or earthquake), employment sector (academia, government, private industry, services, non-profit), and geopolitical sphere of influence (e.g., Resilience to earthquake disaster in the student population at Universidad de Lima, Peru).
Field Trip to Explore Local Natural Disasters
Robert Clayton, Brigham Young University-Idaho
All on-campus Natural Disasters students at BYU-Idaho (1200 - 1800 students per year) go on a field trip to develop field observation skills. We visit the Teton Dam, Henry's Fork caldera (part of the Yellowstone hot spot track), and 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake area.
Investigating Earthquakes: GIS Mapping and Analysis (College Level)
Brian Welch, Saint Olaf College
This is a college-level adaptation of a chapter from the Earth Exploration Toolbook. The students download global quake data over a time range and use GIS to interpret the tectonic context. -
Learn more about this review process.
The Boxing Day Tsunami
Glenn Richard, SUNY at Stony Brook
Undergraduate students map data from the National Geophysical Data Center and the United States Geological Survey on Google Earth and study visualizations in order to explore the causes and effects of the Tsunami ...
Learn more about this review process.
Unit 1 Hazards at Transform Plate Boundaries
Laurel Goodell, Princeton University; Peter Selkin, University of Washington-Tacoma Campus; Rachel Teasdale, California State University-Chico
This unit uses scientific data to quantify the geologic hazard that earthquakes represent along transform plate boundaries. Students will document the characteristics of the Pacific/North American plate boundary in ...
Learn more about this review process.
Testing plate tectonics in the Gulf of California
Paul Umhoefer, Northern Arizona University
This is a simple exercise to use real-world data from recent large earthquakes so that students can "test" for themselves if plate tectonics "works" in the Gulf of California.
Simple Spatial Analysis based on Raster Data Structure
Wei Luo, Northern Illinois University
Wei Luo, Northern Illinois University Summary This is a simple lab exercise early in the semester to teach student the limitation of raster data structure, simple buffer and overlay operation without using ...


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Flame me for being a geek, but what's with all the top tube pads? When I was a kid, we used to take these OFF of our bikes. . .
Flame me for being a geek, but what's with all the top tube pads? When I was a kid, we used to take these OFF of our bikes. . .
You will get about 6 billion "it's a hipster trend" replies in approximately 30 seconds.
A lot of people put them on to protect the top tube for locking purposes. I find that a bandanna, some electrical tape or just about anything else serves the purpose, but some people like to color match their bikes and dont mind spending some cash.
From what I can tell, it is a fashion thing back by some really awkward rationalizations.
bike protective jewelry...why else?
I used to have a top tube pad because one of my brake cable holders was broken and sharp but now its been fixed and the pad hit the road. I didn't want to cut myself on the balls.
I think most people have them because they like the style. If you are the type of person who is going to match your frame, bar tape, wheels, etc adding a matching top tube pad probably seems like a good idea. Lets not forget that outside of the critical eye of this forum that some people might actually think your top tube pad is cool.
Maybe they protect your balls when your doing over exaggerated 30 foot skids up to the local coffee shop? Maybe the protect your new cool dude paint job? Maybe they match your messenger bag? Who knows.
ride for fun
i run one when it is balls cold, but other than that, not so much.
how to tape your bars http://www.flickr.com/photos/89572419@N00/sets/72157629279270681/
i got mine as a present. it was hand made.
catchin hymies stabbin police
tarck bike dot com
i actually really need one. i brace my knee to the tt when im doing seated skids and it eventually starts to hurt and bruise. so there are practical uses
mine is just an 18" piece of pipe insulation stuck on with double stick tape and with a strip of super stylin' lime green 3M masking tape at each end.
I like them for: leaning your ass up against while waiting for stuffs or drinking or eating things.
when I paint the thing I'll use it to protect the finish,...maybe I can get the girlfriend to knit or crochet me a kustom cover


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Paul Fleischman won a Newbery Medal for Joyful Noise and a Newbery Honor forGraven Images. He is also the author of young adult novels including Whirligigand The Mind's Eye, and middle-grade novels including Bull Run andSeedfolks. He lives with his wife in northern California.
Julie Paschkis won a Boston Globe-Horn Book Honor for Yellow Elephant. She lives in Seattle.


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During the Columbus East Sectional girls tennis championship match Friday, Columbus North coach Kendall Hammel had some minor concerns.
One of those concerns was how his doubles squads were going to fare against the depth of Columbus East.
It didn't take long for Hammel to rethink his concerns, as both doubles squads were able to pull off wins for the Bull Dogs en route to a 3-2 victory.
"East's depth was real good," Hammel said. "They matched well, but like our girls have done most of the season, we all believed that we could do it."
North (15-8), which reclaimed the sectional that the Olympians (14-5) won last season, advances to the Bloomington South Regional, where it will play on Tuesday against the winner of today's Seymour Sectional final between the host Owls and Scottsburg. The regional finals are Wednesday.
Sara Vanderkolk and Sydney Anderson got the first win for the Bull Dogs at No. 1 doubles, defeating Pooja Pandita and Aneta Smidova 6-2, 6-2.
"We played a really strategic game," Vanderkolk said. "We struggled early in the match, but we were able to build our confidence back up, stay positive and hit the ball like we knew we could."
East's Megan Galle was able to tie things back up after handling Paige Littrell at No. 2 singles 6-2, 6-1.
Galle praised Littrell's toughness and said that she had to stay focused.
"She can beat you when you least expect it," Galle said. "I knew I had to focus and keep hitting like I was in the match."
North's Rosemary Yonushonis came out strong in her first set in No. 3 singles but had to tough it out with Alexa Husmann-Miller in the second set to win 6-1, 6-4 to give the Bull Dogs a 2-1 lead.
"I played real strong today," Yonushonis said. "(Husmann-Miller) is a tough player and always has been, and I had to find a way to work past her tough shots she was giving me and pull through."
"(Yonushonis) is a fighter," Hammel said. "She grinds, knows what she has to do to win and knows how to keep a decent lead on her opponent."
At No. 2 doubles, Brooke Richardson and Meagan Olibo clinched the sectional title for North, topping Shyanne Reynolds and Susana Blanco 6-0, 4-6, 6-0.
"I was real concerned about No. 2 doubles," Hammel said. "When we pulled out a 6-0 first set, it set the tone for the rest of the meet. They may have dropped the second set, but they showed that they weren't going down easy."
"Our team had some clutch moments," Yonushonis said. "East moved around their lineup since last meeting and we knew they had the depth to keep things close with us."
In the final match to be completed, Ashlee Hasson gave East its second win, defeating Aubrey Smith 7-5, 6-2 at No. 1 singles. Hasson advances in the Individual Singles Tournament.
"It was definitely a rocky start for me," Hasson said. "She's a very dangerous player, and we've had our close matches, but I started feeling better once I was able to pull out the first set."
East coach Cheryl McGee said that North's clutch games were what prevented the Olympians from gaining momentum.
"We both knew that this match could go either way," McGee said. "There were times where we struggled, then bounced back, then gave up some costly games, and that's what ultimately beat us."
McGee said the team went through tough times throughout the season but was able to remain together.
"For the most part, we had a small team," McGee said. "We worked hard every single day, kept everyone motivated to do better and encouraged each other."
"This season has been great for us," Hasson said. "We have had our ups and downs, but our senior leadership and everyone's dedication kept us all together."


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Established since 1990, we are a lively and progressive studio, teaching social dancing for adults in a relaxed and fun environment.
Meet new friends and enjoy a social atmosphere learning to dance with us from beginner to advanced. Whether you are learning for a social event, cruise holiday, wedding or just for fun and to keep fit, singles, couples and groups of friends are all very welcome.
Please see the other pages of our website for more details of our current range of classes, private lessons and special offers, as well as information on wedding choreography services, gift vouchers, FAQs and other practical information.
Please check the bottom of this page for details of any current special notices and events.
Vivien Dawson
Fellow ISTD BB/LA/SEQ/VW
Fellow NATD BB/LA, Licentiate SEQ
Fellow IDTA BB/LA/SEQ, Licentiate VW
Life Member of the ISTD & NATD
Every Thursday - ADVANCED BEGINNERS Ballroom-Latin-Salsa Class 7:30-8:20pm £7.50
at Woodford Bowling Club, Kings Avenue, Woodford Green, IG8 0JA
Every Friday, come along and - NEW BEGINNERS Ballroom-Latin-Salsa Class for Social Dancers 7:00-7:50pm £7.50
give Social Dancing a try at St James Church, Palmerston Road, Buckhurst Hill, IG9 5NG (free parking)
Next Friday Social - 27 May'16 - Ballroom & Latin Social Dance & Practice Night for All 9:00-10:30pm £7.00
at St James Church, Palmerston Road, Buckhurst Hill, IG9 5NG (free parking)
See 'Our Dance Classes' page for details of other Classes and join at any time.
See 'Where to find us' page for Venue maps.
Please bring your family and friends, we look forward to meeting you.
Last updated May 2016


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Amaranth Shortbread Dough:
- 1/4 cup amaranth seeds
- 1 cup all-purpose flour
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1 stick (1/2 cup) butter at room temperature
- 1/4 cup sugar
- 1 egg yolk
- 1/4 teaspoon vanilla extract
Honey–Ricotta Filling:
- 1 cup ricotta
- 1/4 cup cream cheese at room temperature
- 2 tablespoons sugar
- 1 egg
- 1/4 cup honey
- 1 1/2 tablespoons lemon juice
- 1 1/2 teaspoons lemon zest
This recipe contains: Dairy, Eggs
Honey–Citrus Tart
Angie Lee
Cunningham's, Baltimore
During citrus season, don't be afraid to sideline lemons and call up a less common fruit, like Cara Cara or blood oranges.
Yield: One 8-inch tart
Make the amaranth shortbread dough: heat a small sauté pan over medium heat. Add the amaranth seeds and toast until fragrant, about 1 minute. Let cool for 10 minutes. Grind in a spice grinder. Combine with the flour and salt in a small bowl. Set aside.
In a stand mixer fitted with a paddle attachment, cream together the butter and sugar until smooth. Add the egg yolk and vanilla extract, Mix until well incorporated. Add the dry ingredients and mix until the dough just comes together. Do not overmix.
Gather the dough into a ball and flatten it with your hands or with a rolling pin. Wrap the dough in plastic wrap and let chill in the refrigerator for at least 2 hours.
On a lightly floured surface, roll the dough into 1/4-inch-thick circle. Transfer the dough to an 8-inch round tart pan and gently press it into the bottom and sides of the pan. Trim off the excess dough. Chill the dough in the refrigerator for 20 minutes.
Preheat the oven to 375ºF. Bake the tart shell until light golden brown, about 10 to 12 minutes. Remove from the oven and reduce the oven temperature to 325ºF.
Make the filling: in a food processor, blend the ricotta and cream cheese until smooth. With the food processor still running, add the sugar in a slow steady stream. Turn off the machine and scrape down the sides of the bowl. Add the egg and mix to combine. Add the honey, lemon juice, and lemon zest. Scrape down the sides and pulse for 10 seconds. If desired, pass the mixture through a fine-mesh sieve.
Pour the filling into the baked tart shell. Bake the tart until the filling is just set, about 22 to 25 minutes. Let the tart cool at room temperature. Chill uncovered in the refrigerator for at least 4 hours before serving.
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National Survey Reveals Mothers Are Unaware Of The CDC Recommendations For Prevention Of Meningococcal Meningitis, A Disease That Can Potentially Kill In 24 Hours
SILVER SPRING, Md. and SWIFTWATER, Pa., May 12, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- Although meningococcal meningitis is a rare but serious disease that can potentially take a life in 24 hours, 1 a national survey revealed that more than two in three mothers have little to no knowledge of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) recommendations to prevent meningococcal meningitis. The recommendation advises that a child receive one dose of vaccine at age 11 or 12 years, followed by a second vaccination at age 16. 2 Results of the national survey also show that more than a quarter of the mothers surveyed (28%) believe getting the primary dose is important, but getting the second dose is not essential."I want parents to know about the serious consequences of meningococcal meningitis and the importance of vaccination," said Carolyn Duff, President of the National Association of School Nurses (NASN). "Those aged 16-21 are at increased risk of the disease, and current CDC data suggest that vaccine protection wanes in most teens within five years. 2 Therefore, it's important to understand that teens who have had the first dose of meningococcal vaccine now need a second vaccination to help protect them when they are at greater risk of infection." The online survey of more than 2,000 U.S. mothers, who are most often the primary decision-makers in their households, was conducted by The Harris Poll on behalf of Voices of Meningitis, a public health initiative of NASN in collaboration with Sanofi Pasteur. The survey was issued to gain a better understanding of mothers' gaps in knowledge about meningococcal meningitis and ways to help protect against the disease. The survey also uncovered that nearly one in two mothers (45%) did not know that meningococcal meningitis can cause death within 24 hours of symptoms occurring, and the majority did not realize the disease can cause hearing loss (75% of mothers) and lead to amputation of limbs, fingers or toes (77% of mothers).
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For most investors, the key is patience
Downsize in a major way
Join the NASDAQ Community today and get free, instant access to portfolios, stock ratings, real-time alerts, and more!
Billionaire investor. Philanthropist. Political
His legendaryinvesting acumen, vastnet worth and political
activism have made George Soros a feared and respected
powerbroker worldwide.
Soros is driven by aninvestment philosophy built upon the
scientific method combined with a focus on societal change. His
reputation sends shivers of fear through the central banks with
weakened currencies and disagreeable governmental policies. His
political stances aside, this mentor tohedge fund legends like
Jim Rogers and Victor Niederhoffer canoffer critical lessons for
any investor.
George Soros' Biography
Born in 1930 in Hungary, Soros survived the Nazi occupation of
his homeland. After fleeing communist-dominated Hungary in 1947,
he attended the London School ofEconomics graduating in 1952. It
was here where he began studying Karl Popper's "TheOpen Society
and its Enemies," a critique of totalitarian societies and an
examination of the scientific method. These two ideas became the
guiding light for the rest of his life.
Making his way to New York in 1956, Soros accepted a job
atWall Street firm F.M. Mayer. After gaining experience at
several financial firms, he launched his own hedge fund in 1973.
First named the SorosFund , the Quantum Fund had incredible
success over the years. The success was so great that in 2012,
Soros made the list as the 22nd-wealthiest person alive, with an
estimated fortune of $20 billion.
Another way to picture Soros' investing success: If you had
invested $1,000 with him in 1969, you would have earned a
cumulative annual return of 30%, or about $4 million by 2000.
Talk about powerful investing returns!
It is this financial success from trading and investing that
funded Soros' foray into philanthropy. Launching the Open Society
Institute in 1984 with the goal "to advance justice, education,
public health, business development and independent media" on a
global scale, Soros has given $8 billion via his institute
tosupport human rights, freedom of expression and access to
public health and education in 70 nations. No shrinking violet,
he has written 12 books and remains chairman of the Quantum
George Soros' Investment Strategy And Big Wins
Soros' primaryfinancial market philosophy is something he calls
reflexivity. Reflexivity is a set of ideas that seeks to explain
how a feedback mechanism can skew howmarket participants value
assets in that market. He uses this framework as a means to
predict financial bubbles, among other economic changes.
Soros also applies the scientific method to his financial
trading strategy. This means that his first step in deciding what
to trade is to develop a thesis about what he believeswill
happen, based on the available market-provided evidence.
Secondly, he tests the thesis in the real market studying the
results. If the position goes against him, he gets out. If it
goes his way, thus confirming the original thesis, he adds to the
Most interestingly, when testing his investing thesis, Soros
says he relies on bodily hints and intuition for clues. For
instance, he has said that if he gets a backache after entering a
trade, he takes it as a sign to close the position.
(On a personalnote , my friend Dr. Flavia Cymbalista, an
expert in uncertainty, was summoned by Soros to help him in
quantifying these bodily and intuitive investing clues. In my
opinion, this is fascinating research.)
Soros' largest win earned him a reputation as "the man who
broke the Bank of England." He made more than $1 billion by
betting that the British pound would have to be devalued due to
the negative impact British high interest rates were having
onasset prices. In addition, Soros simultaneously purchased
based on the idea thatstock prices would increase aftercurrency
devaluation .
George Soros' Portfolio: What's He Holding Now?
As you might imagine, Soros Fund Management holds a
well-diversified stock portfolio. According to GuruFocus.com, his
top-performing U.S. holding in thisyear 's first quarter was
ShutterFly (Nasdaq: SFLY)
, a personalized digital photo service. The company has amarket
cap of nearly $2 billion, and Soros was up nearly 30% in the
first quarter. However, he took profits by selling 510,000shares
, reducing his holdings to 2.5 million shares.
Soros' next top-performing U.S. holding is
Pioneer Natural Resources (
, a nearly $20 billion market cap independent oil and gas
explorer. His holdings were up nearly 18% in the first quarter.
Along with thegains , Soros added over 234,000 shares in the
first quarter, bringing his total position in the company to over
2 million shares.
Action to Take -->
There are many investing lessons to be learned by studying George
Soros. The key takeaways are:
1. Follow a strong inner belief system when making investing
2. Apply the scientific method of testing investment ideas
prior to committing all yourcapital .
3. Don't discount intuition and bodily clues that you may feel
when making investment decisions.
Recently, Soros has soured on gold. He slashed his exposure to
SPDR Gold TrustETF (
by 55% in last year's fourth quarter and another 11.5% in this
year's first quarter. However, in an apparent paradox, Soros
increased his stake in gold mining companies in the first
quarter. He more than doubled his stake in the
Market Vectors Gold Miners ETF (
, to nearly 3 million shares.
According to CNBC, Soros told the South China Morning
"When the euro was close to collapsing in the last year,
actually gold went down because if people needed to sell
something, they could sell gold. Therefore they sold gold. So
gold went down together with everything else. Gold was destroyed
as a safe haven, proved to be unsafe. Because of the
disappointment, most people are reducing their holdings of
Soros' move proved prescient with gold dropping steeply after
he reduced his exposure to GLD.
Those who wish follow Soros'bearish lead on gold's potential
further decline may consider
ProShares Ultra ShortGold ETF (
PowerShares DB Gold Short ETN (
, as these instruments are designed to produce profits as the
price of
sinks. However, exercise caution when investing in inverse ETF's,
as the built-inleverage can be dangerous.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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