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BEST ENTRANCE: Entry 3
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After an initial agreement to conduct a public forum on the first day of the Clay County Fair, Saturday, Sept. 8, both the King and Vilsack campaigns have agreed to the terms of a public debate before fairgoers at 5:30 p.m.
The Spencer Daily Reporter, Dickinson County News and radio media from KICD, CD 107.7 and KUOO/Y100, will question Rep. Steve King and challenger, former Iowa First Lady Christie Vilsack, as they begin a series of debates ahead of the November election, which will decide representation for the new Fourth Congressional District. The event will be conducted in the Clay County Regional Events Center on the fairgrounds.
Vilsack's campaign echoed the enthusiasm regarding the opportunity for their candidate to be heard.
"We look forward to taking Christie's message of creating layers of economic opportunity to the Clay County Fair next Saturday," Vilsack spokesperson Sam Roecker said. "This is a tremendous opportunity for Iowans to learn more about the issues in this race and see where the candidates stand. Throughout this campaign, Christie has spoken about strengthening small towns and cities, and there's no better place to discuss this than the Clay County Fair."
The fair appearance will be the second scheduled debate for the two. WHO radio will host a debate on Thursday, Sept. 6.
At the Clay County Fair debate, audience members will be encouraged to write out questions that will be asked by debate moderator Randy Cauthron, Daily Reporter managing editor.
Confirmed media panel participants include Northwest Iowa Publishing Publisher Paula Buenger, Dickinson County News Managing Editor Russ Mitchell and KICD/CD107.7 News Director Ryan Long.
"This is a great opportunity for northwest Iowa voters to learn about these two candidates who are seeking support to serve as our representatives in Washington," Cauthron said. "It's exciting that we're able to bring this debate to the Clay County Fair this year. The media is fortunate to have a partner like Jeremy Parsons at the fair to make this happen."
Seating at the debate will be handled on a first come, first served basis. All fairgoers on the grounds during the hour-long event are welcome to attend.

subset: commoncrawl


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Sandeep Gautam's curator insight, March 3, 2015 11:15 AM
a really fresh perspective on employee engagement!
Roy Sheneman, PhD's curator insight, March 9, 2015 10:20 AM
Here are some keys to ponder as you make that change in your organization...
Saskia Langenberg's curator insight, March 11, 2015 3:55 AM
Mooi en simpel overzicht: hoe maak je je organisatie onweerstaanbaar?
FRANK FEATHER ~ Business Futurist's curator insight, December 30, 2013 7:26 PM
Be a Better Leader: 11 Simple Concepts
Ron McIntyre's curator insight, December 31, 2013 1:42 PM
Great structure. Simple in nature but hard to execute in a genuine way every time. Worth looking to by all leaders.
Efficienarta's curator insight, January 31, 2014 4:47 AM
Two of the points in this article particularly accord with my Points of view based on experience working with a spectrum of public and private sector enterprises:
"Supported by their community and the power of decentralized network, they navigate a world where curiosity, vision and adaptation are more necessary than convictions and authority." and the Ralph Nader quote "The function of leadership is to create more leaders, not more followers.
Ivon Prefontaine's curator insight, February 1, 2014 6:30 PM
Leadership does have to change. What is interesting is that today, as I looked for dissertation materials on leadership, this idea of a leadership crisis is not new, Many authors and thinkers complained of the same thing in times past. The challenge might be the pace of change is so rapid it presents new challenges.
Jerry Busone's curator insight, February 24, 2014 10:36 AM
While I don't agree with the entire thought pattern here I do agree that Leaders reflect whats going on in our society. Leadership is going through one of its many changes over centuries of time. What once worked...won't tomorrow. Stay tuned....


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Mitch McConnell goes into fetal position. Harry Reid is the new leader of the Senate.
Sad and disappointing but not a surprise. has showed himself to be the gutless wimp that we've all known he is. He has given the Democrats exactly what they have been demanding. In other words, , as majority leader, has shown the same feckless, flaccidity that he showed while minority leader. What he's done is pass the buck back to the House: Updated 3:43 p.m. | Read More »


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Results 1 to 5 of 5
Thread: WDYT? Sam Morissey?
July 11th, 2013 03:45 AM #1Junior Member
- Join Date
- Jan 2013
- Posts
- 6
WDYT? Sam Morissey?
We are currently pregnant with number two and have our girls name sorted. We don't really like Samuel or Samson and are pretty convinced Sam is fine alone. Our last name starts with W and in many of the tv shows and movies we love there is cool Sam character and his last name starts with a W, it's a sign haha.
Anyway, we want an edgy cool middle name which balances out the popularity of Sam and makes the name a bit more different and unpredictable.
We have a daughter called Lilia Paige.
Options we are considering...
Sam Morissey (current fav)
Sam Keller
Sam Cato
More suggestions much appreciated.
July 11th, 2013 03:54 AM #3Senior Member
- Join Date
- Jan 2010
- Posts
- 503
Sam (blank) W. How many syllables are in the last name? It would be great if it was a 1-3-2 or 1-2-3 syllable count. You'll also want to avoid using vowels so the initials don't spell anything. Here's a link for 3 syllable middle names to get you started:
The other one is a 2 syllable one if your surname is 3 or more syllables
http://nameberry.com/list/64/Two-Syl...by-Names?all=1* 5 easy ways to judge a baby name
* 21 other baby name rules worth following
July 11th, 2013 03:58 AM #5Junior Member
- Join Date
- Jan 2013
- Posts
- 6
2 syllable last name, i'll check the list thanks.
July 11th, 2013 04:02 AM #7Olympia/College student/Books, arts, glasses and coffee
• Frances Birdie Jane & Oscar Ignatius Cosmo • Emmeline Twila Alice & Nathaniel Roscoe Wilde
• Esme Helena Mazarine & Axel Isidore Sage • Tabitha Elowen Constance & Grover Elijah St John
Sylvie Bluebell Isaiah Silver Edie Marigold Kit Barnaby Marianne Lovisa (Fox) James Peregrine Althea Pearl Hector Barnaby
July 11th, 2013 11:18 AM #9
Last edited by emsky; July 11th, 2013 at 11:20 AM.Audrey Coraline | Emmeline Clover | Etta Rosemary | Gwyneth Cordelia | Madeleine Vesper | Matilda Hazel | Olive Kerensa | Sylvie Marigold | Willa Margot | Zara Elspeth
Archer Sullivan | Emmett Nathaniel | Emrys Sebastian | Griffin Wilder | Jasper Amias | Leo Benjamin | Lucian Mateo | Quentin Rafferty | Rhys Donovan | Theo Everest


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léonie Apr 29, 2013 9:34 AM
in response to omancini
The reason why I renamed the Aperture Library was to trick Aperture and force the app to create a brand new Library as default. I rather rename files than send them temporarily to the trash can... I may empty the bin accidentally and regret for ever .
Renaming your library can be problematic, if you are using Time Machine for backups. The next backup will have to rewrite the whole library copy. The best way to create a new library is to launch Aperture with the ⌥-key held down and to use the "other/new" option from the panel that will pop up.
omancini Apr 29, 2013 10:26 AM
in response to léonie
Thanks I do not use Time Machine at this time, all the backup is handled by Carbon Copy Cloner for different reasons. I get your advise about how to start Aperture, will try it also after testing the other options I could catch during this exchange.
omancini Apr 29, 2013 12:42 PM
in response to omancini
I requested Aperture to repair the Database, toke a while, after finishing the process the "Opening Aperture Library" message appeared again. No improvement.
I hope the attached image is available for everyone, it shows that the Aperture Menu is available while the application tries to open the Library. From there I can quit the program normally.
I will try using a different user now. Thanks
omancini Apr 29, 2013 12:45 PM
in response to omancini
When I quit the program the "updating information for sharing previews" message appears, the the application closes normally.
omancini Apr 29, 2013 1:01 PM
in response to omancini
Created a new user and tried to open Aperture from that profile, same result. The screen shot shows I can access the preferences while the program tries to open the Library. Nothing changed. I will review the entire forum again in order to see if I am missing something here. Thanks
omancini Apr 29, 2013 1:05 PM
in response to omancini
In order to save some time to the readers, to the previous reply I must add that Aperture is trying to open the default Library that is created while it opens the first time not the one I use.
I tried to open the original 70 GB Library without no positive result either.
léonie Apr 29, 2013 1:27 PM
in response to omancini
Since it is the same in all accounts, and since you already reinstalled Aperture, I'd reinstall the system.
If the Client Combo (OS X Lion Update 10.7.5 (Client Combo)) does not suffice, try the recovery:
omancini Apr 29, 2013 1:44 PM
in response to léonie
Thank for the advice but it seems to me that is too much. All the other applications in the same machine are working well, including iTunes with a similar amount of information on its Library. The only problem is this one and happened after an upgrade of a single program, what if with all the time and pain that comes after the system restoral nothing changes?
I consider that if I have to install the whole system again because of this behaviour that results from the upgrade then Apple has to look better to what they are doing. I already mentioned to them with all the flaws that I found in the new iTunes versions.
Sorry if I sound not collaborative, I really apreciate all the time that all the people is assigning to this discussion but I really cannot take that step.
omancini Apr 29, 2013 1:55 PM
in response to léonie
I was able to open the 70.24 GB Library using iPhoto 11 (9.4.3) so it seems that the Library is not the problem. I will see if I can figure out something else and will share my findings.
firstlaunch Apr 30, 2013 9:50 AM
in response to omancini
Since you were able to open the library in iPhoto, I suggest trying to re-open that same library back in Aperture. It's possible that it will open now after beign opened in iPhoto.
omancini Apr 30, 2013 12:57 PM
in response to firstlaunch
After been able to open the Library succesfully with iPhoto I tried to open it with Aperture but unfortunately there is no fix to the original problem.
After the previous step initiated Aperture holding the OPTION Key, chose to use a new Library but no change.
Now I am going to erase Aperture completely with AppDelete in order to be sure that everycomponent is removed and will install the application again. Before that will place the Library in a safe place.
Thanks for your support
omancini Apr 30, 2013 7:07 PM
in response to omancini
So far:
a. I removed the application and its associated directories from the hard drive using AppDelete.
b. Renamed the original Aperture Library in order to allow the fresh installation to start from scratch with a new Library.
c. Installed Aperture 3, and started the application without any problem.
d. Closed the program and run a Software Update in order to update to 3.4.4
e. After the update was completed opened Aperture again, now it requested to update the Library that was created automatically on step "c". Program opened normally after the Library update was completed.
f. Closed the program again, sent to the trash the recently created Library and renamed the original 70.24 GB Library to the original name.
g. Started Aperture again and now is working...
I closed and started the program 4 times in a row and it seems to work consistently.
Thanks for your support.
omancini May 1, 2013 12:56 PM
in response to omancini
I was going to work with my photos and now the very same problem appeared, I simply cannot believe how unstable this program is since the last update... I simply cannot afford waste more time with this program.
Ironman70 Jun 2, 2013 5:06 PM
in response to omancini
I have exactly the same problem, and have tried all of thes steps above with the same result.
Aperture hangs on trying to open my library although the menu bar is active. Have tried all three aperture repair options without any success.
Just wondering if anyone has found a solution to this yet (or if Apple have recognised they have a problem with A3.4.4)?
omancini Jun 2, 2013 6:16 PM
in response to Ironman70
Hello, right after my last post I was contacted by AppleSupport in order to work on this issue together. I ended sending them some information from the Aperture program I have installed. So far there is no information regarding their progress, last e-mail from them was received a couple of weeks ago. I hope they find a way to fix this. So far Aperture is not working although I keep trying opening everyother they hoping that I can at least work with some pendings I have there.
I will notify in this discussion if there is a solution that was found but based on the number of people that is experiencing this very same issue I suspect an new release may be the proper path.


text:
- Sold for: Start Free Trial or Sign In to see what it's worth.
- Item Category: Furniture & Furnishings
- Source: eBay
- Sold Date: Jan 22, 2007
- Channel: Auction House
This auction is for a RARE MASTERCRAFTERS MERRY-GO- ROUND MOTION CLOCK LIGHT MODEL NO. 920 MADE BY MASTERCRAFTERS CLOCK AND RADIO COMPANY . The clock dial is marked MASTERCRAFTERS, CLOCK MOVEMENT BY SESSIONS MADE IN USA . This clock in my opinion is in VERY NICE condition for it's age. THE CLOCK KEEPS ACCURATE TIME THE MERRY-GO-ROUND REVOLVES AROUND AND THE LIGHT WORKS. I'm not sure but I think the clock dates around 1948 to 1952? The little children on animals are as follows: girl on a camel, girl on a camel,another girl on a camel and a boy on a horse. I think at one time it had a ticket taker but he is missing. The clock has a mirror type background which has some minor defects which looks like tarnish? With the mirror background it gives the revolving carousel a stunning effect. The clock also has a light to light up the motion area and a switch in the back to turn the light off and on. The brown MARBLEIZED case of swirls of red , black , browns & orange is in very nice condition with no defects that I can see as well as the clock fence that sits infront of the merry-go-round. The clock case is some sort of plastic or bakelite. The clock is a mantel clock and it measures approx. 11" high x 7 " wide. The clock dial, lens and gold rim around the clock are all in very nice condition. The back of the clock has the orignal label which is marked MASTERCRAFTERS CLOCK & RADIO COMPANY 216 N. CLINTON CHICAGO 6, ILL. MODEL NUMBER 920 MERRY-GO ROUND PAT. NO. D 157988, AC 110V, 60 CYCLE . I'm sure the person who wins the clock will be extremely happy with this rare and beautiful clock. Since I'm not the original owner of the clock and I described it to the best of my ability the clock is being sold as is. Don't forget to view my other vintage motion clocks I have listed and don't forget to check the shipping rates before placing a bid and all the pictures. I started my opening bid at what my reserve would have been so the clock will sell to the highest bidder. I donot combine shipping on vintage clocks.Thanks for looking and good luck on the auction. Note this is not the one I sold last week this is my second and last one I have, incase you were wondering. As with the other one if it doesn't receive a bid it will not be relisted!


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NETWORK recognizes that addressing the challenges of environmental devastation and climate change will require fundamental changes in our global economic system.
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Jan 22, 1974
|Filing date
|Jun 23, 1972
|Priority date
|Jun 23, 1972
|Publication number
|Berreman D, Kahn F, Meiboom S, White D
|Original Assignee
|Bell Telephone Labor Inc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (57), Classifications (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United StatesPatent n91 Berreman et al.
[ Jan. 22, 1974 LIQUID CRYSTAL DEVICES Inventors: Dwight Winton Berreman,
Westfield; Saul Meiboom, Berkeley Heights; Donald Lawrence White, Bernardsville; Frederic Jay Kahn, Stirling, all of NJ.
Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, Murray Hill, NJ.
Filed: June 23, 1972 Appl. No.1 265,459
us. Cl 350/160 LC 350/i50 Int. Cl. oozr 1/16 Field of Search "350/160 LC,
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS l0/l972 Cartmell et al. 350/150 Wyrenne et al. 350/ Lc Heilmeier et al. 350/160 LC Primary ExaminerEdward S. Bauer Attorney, Agent, or FirmW. L. Keefauver et al.
I 57] ABSTRACT Liquid crystal devices, an operation state of which is dependent upon substantially unidirectional liquid crystal orientation, includes a contacting surface which has parallel grooves or ridges. Liquid crystal orientation is attributed to minimization of elastic energy.
21 Claims, 6 Drawing Figures PArEu-Igmmzzmza satnanrz F/G. 4A
TRANSPARENT ELECTRODE LIQUID CRYSTAL TRANSPARENT ELECTRODE MIRROR 1 LIQUID CRYSTAL Devices BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention is concerned- There has been a growing interest, both scientific and technological, in the unusual class of liquid materials which evidence varying degrees of crystalline order.
These materials have been known for'some time, see G. W. Gray Molecular Structure and Properties of Liquid Crystals, Academic Press, 1962. Liquid crystals are traditionally considered to fall into any of three classes: nematic (directional but not positional ordering with molecules generally aligned unidirectionally in nonlayered fashion throughout the bulk of at least a portion of the liquid), cholesteric (in which molecular alignment is essentially like the nematic variety locally (and considered a species of nematics) but in which succeeding molecules rotate so as to result in helical alignment), and smeetic (in which there is some degree of layered ordering). n
A review articleat page 20 in Electra-Optic Systems Design, February I972, describes a number of device applications for liquid crystals. Devices described may serve a number of functions, e.g., memory, switching, polarizing, polarization detecting, modulation, as a controllable dichroic element, display, etc.
Display devices are exemplary. and, at least at the present time, it would appear that it is primarily in this area that attention is focused. As compared with competing devices, liquid crystal devices generally require lower power level for switching between the operating states (to produce changes in transmission, scattering, reflection, etc.)..A distinct further energy saving results from the fact that they may utilize ambient lighting. Power requirements for certain types of liquid crystal displays are small. Typical operating power requirements are of the order of 1/100 of that required for displays including light sources.
Liquid crystal devices fall into a variety of categories. ln general, a characteristic in common with most such devices is that readout is optical. ln general, information, regardless of type; whether transitory or permanent; whether binary or analog; whether numerical or pictorial; whether reflective or transmissive; involves some change in ordering.
The most common type of device at this time involves "dynamic scattering". in accordance with this mechanism, the unenergized liquid crystalline medium is aligned and so is essentially transparent to light. A change in ordering is produced by an actual passage of ionic current through the medium so as .toproduce a degree of turbidity thereby converting the medium gen-- .2 I namic scattering device. This latter effect is sometimes designated fast turn-off mode". Response times havebeen reported as less than 5 milliseconds as compared with 100 to 200 milliseconds for the more common dynamic scattering.
Both dynamic scattering and turn-off mode devices are ordinarily transitory in the sense that the effectof the turbidity disappears when the energy source is turned off. A permanent memory results if some cholesteric material is included with the usual nematic phase. The twist introduced by the cholesteric fraction tends to lock the medium. Erasure may naturally occur over a long term or may be'accomplished by temperature increase. Erasure can be induced'by application of nied by a change in optical properties of one form or another. Change may involve disordering (resulting from heating the nematic (or cholesteric) phase) in the manner ,of the dynamic scattering device described above or as a change in ordering as between liquid phases sometimes with the assistance of polarizers which may produce a change, for example, in opacity, color,
- A significant class of devices yet to be developed to a level of commercial feasibility depend on field effect rather than actual current flow. Such devices, which may utilize oneor more transparent electrodes, again, generally involve a medium which is oriented before being energized. The effect of the field is to produce disorder or sometimes a change in order. The latter may utilize crossed polarizers where both ordering directions are transversed to the interrogation direction or may depend on a change in transparency where one of the ordering directions is parallel to the viewing direction. Field-effect devices utilizing cholesteric materials may depend on color changes (with color generally being introduced or enhanced when the order is such that the helical axis is parallel to the interrogation direction). Devices may depend on a variation in a number of optical properties, e.g., absorption. scattering, diffraction, refraction.
A number of reasons exist for utilizing mixed media.
' Mixtures of nematic phase materials (and nematic is erally to a milky white or opaque appearance. Energi- I zation may be do. or a.c. with some preference for the latter in terms of increased lifetime for the device. At certain critically high frequencies using a.c. energizing,
response time is shortened due to oscillating domains instead of the turbidity which occursin the usual dyhereafter used in the generic sense in this description as including cholesteric) may be to change and/or increase initiation or range of temperature in which this phase is stable. Nematic phase material exhibiting no cholesteric ordering may be modified by inclusion of small amounts of cholesteric variant to bring about perman'ency of the imposed signal. Solvent-solute systems are sometimes necessary where it is desired to utilize material which, in the pure form, transforms directly from solid to disordered liquid, Color may be introduced by inclusion of dyestuff which aligns with the nematic phase material so as to enhance the dichroism inherent in this phase or so as otherwise to change color on undergoing transition between ordered and disordered states. This latter has been referred to as guesthost interaction effect. Any of the classes of devices discussed above may operate by reflection or transmission. Reflection may make use of a back mirror whereas transmissive effects best utilize sandwiching transparent elements.
Most devices described in the literature utilize electro-optic effects (either conductive or field effect) or thermal effects. Other devices-may depend upon the For example, shortlifetime may be attributed to interaction of certain types of liquid crystals with certain types ofsubstrate materials. Also, stability of such substrate materials is sometimes poor with deterioration resulting from such ambient conditions as humidity, high temperature, ultraviolet light, ozone, etc.
SUMlvlARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the invention, alignment of liquid crystals of any of the types described in the preceding section for use in any devices, including those also described in that section, is accomplished on a class of substrates generally incapable of producing such alignment by Van der Waals forces. In general, such alignfield, for example, required to induce any of the changes described, may result only at the intersection of two axial directions, each of which is responsible for i for.
imposing less than the requisite amount of energy producing the change.
Devices have thus far been described primarily in a change of state. Workers'have, however, not over- 7 looked the possibility of utilizing ordinarily liquid crystals as simple polarizers. In such use, many of the nematic materials particularly when admixed with guest dyestuff exhibit extinction ratios comparable to competing polarizing materials. The cholesteric' variant is optically active and is sensitive to the sense of circular polarization of an incident beam. Devices based on this latter effect have been proposed.
For the most part, all devices described depend upon at least one operating state corresponding with substantial alignment. Others, while not requiring such alignment, may show enhanced contrast where alignment is achieved. Accordingly, workers have sought out and developed a number of techniques for influencing orientation.' It has been generally assumed that orientation of any'of the liquid crystal phases is dependent upon Van der Waals forces. operating. on a molecular level. Accordingly, use hasbeen made of substrate'materials which, themselves, consists of long chain linear molecules aligned in the desired direction. Examples of such materials are linear hydrocarbon polymers, such as high density polyethylene, and other materials having little branching. Where use has been made ofsubstrates of other materials, as, for example, silicate glass and the like, a variety of treatments have been used to alter the surface so as to accomplish the desired alignment. One
' strate material must be of, or include, materials of the requisite molecular variety. Many of the deficiencies noted in devices thus far may be attributed to this restriction in substrate material.
ment results from minimization of elastic energy in the 1 body of the liquid crystal. Alignment results when use is madeof a substrate having ridges or grooves of dimensions and spacings of the order of tens of angstrom units or greater. Such grooves or ridges may be produced on an inorganic or organic media totally lacking in the characteristics required for the traditional mechanism utilizing Van der Waals forces. Such substrate surfaces may be produced in a variety of manners as by mechanical scoring, casting, etching, photolithography,
ion bombardment, etc. Substrate may be totally amorphous, may be polycrystalline, or even crystalline. In
the latter, surfaces may be modified with ridges running in a direction different from that which would otherwise be induced by virtue of any influence resulting from the crystallographic lattice itself.
Devices constructed in accordance with the invention may exhibit certain operational advantages over prior art devices. lmp'roved lifetime, for example, may arise simply by reason of the broader class of substrate material now made available. Similarly; longer lifetime may result by elimination or at least lack of dependence on orienting linear long chain molecules which may react with liquid crystals or other media or which may deteriorate due to any of a variety of mechanisms (e.g., reaction between liquid crystal and substrate oxidation of substrate, etc.).
As in relevant prior art devices, there is oftentimes the requirement that liquid crystals be aligned with a major axis parallel to a substrate surface. Under certain circumstances, where the wetting angle is large, such alignment may be accomplished or improved by utilizing an intermediate layer of any of the class of materials known as surfactants. The effect of such material is to increase the wettability of the substrate surface for the liquid crystal.
Alternatively, the prior art has made use of surfactants which induce alignment in adirection orthogonal to the direction of the surface. Such materials, which decrease wetting angle or show an affinity for a specilied end portion of a liquid crystal, have been utilized in the fabrication of devices in which an operating state utilizes this type of orientation. Such surfactants may find use in devices constructed in accordance with the.
invention where a second operating state involves alignment parallel to a substrate surface. In such event, however, alignment, at least :in part, induced by the ridges or grooves commongto all devices of the invention, is brought about by imposition of an external influence, such as an electric field.
Whereas devices of the invention depend upon alignment of liquid crystals due to surface undulations, cer tain device designs may be such that different alignment is desired in different localized regions. This is accomplished, inaccordance .with the invention, merely .by changing direction of ridges or grooves, accordingly.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING DETAILED DESCRIPTION The Figures The arrangement of FIG. I- includes a liquid crystal layerl sandwiched between two electrodes 2 and 3, at least one of which is grooved so as to orient the liquid crystalline material of layer I. One or both electrodes 2 and 3- maybe transparent depending upon whether the device-is designed to operate by reflection or transmission. Electrodes 2 and 3 are optionally supported by layers 4 and 5 which are transparent or reflective in accordance with the intended operation of' the device shown. Either or both of layers 4 and 5 may be pro-.
vided with grooves which are replicated by electrodes 2 and 3 so as to finally influence alignment of layer I or layers 4 and 5 may be grooved. Elements 6 and 7, shown in phantom, are polarizers which may be crossed or not and which function to introduce or enhance contrast as between two operating states of FIG. I. Electrodes 2 and 3 are energized by electrical source 8 when switch 9 is closed. Electrical source 8 may function as a current source, in the instance of dynamic scattering devices, or, primarily, as a voltage source in the instance of field effect devices.
- The device of FIG. I may also be utilized as a simple polarizcr by appropriate choice of composition of material I and groove orientation of interface/s formed between layer 1 and 2 and/or 3. Polarization may result in the absence of energizing, in which event, electrical source 8 may be eliminated.
FIG. 2 depicted in the form ofa device of FIG. 1, represents a species of that device in that electrodes I2 polarization of light. Energization by electrical source- 18 upsets the order or, alternatively, reorders the crys tals with their major axes perpendicular to the plane surface. Unenergized, the 90 twist imposed on the alignment of the liquid crystal from electrode II to electrode 12 results in' transmissionthrough crossed polarizers I6 and I7. With a field imposed or with the crystal. Layer 3 1 is sandwiched by layers 32 and'33 which may both function as electrodes with current or voltage supplied by source not shown. Both electrodes 32 and 33 may be transparent or, for reflective operation, one, for example, 32, may be mirrored. In common with all devices depicted and described, alignment of the liquid crystal layer 31 is influenced by grooves or ridges which are parallel over at least a portion of one or both of the electrode surfaces forming interfaces with layer 31. Layers 34 and 35, which may serve as the actual substrate bodies, may be constructed of any of the materials described herein. Detailed requirements for the nature of materials contacting the liquid crystalline medium are described in the following section. Layer 36 is so designed asto selectively transmit some portion of light, depending upon the state of liquid stances, light is not transmitted (or reflected) in the unenergized state. With passage of current or application of voltage, layer3l is disordered or reordered. so as to permit transmission or reflection) of light energy of the appropriate polarization. The purpose of the dyestuff in such a cell is to increase absorption of the liquid crystal for the incident light so as to increase the polarization extinction ratio. I
FIGS. 4A, B, and C are an elevational view and electrode details, respectively, of a form of liquid crystal device of a coincident array design designed to operate as a numerical display. The device depicted consists of liquid crystal 4! sa ndwiching electrodes 42 and 43, supporting layers 44 and 45, and polarizers 46 and 47. Layer 48, shown in phantom, is a mirror which permits use of the depicted device in a reflective mode. Orientation of layer 4t, and functioning of all other elements depicted, is, as described in any of the figures above except for the detailed operation of electrodes 42 and 43.
electrode arrangement found sufficient for numerical display. Electrode 50 results in orientation within the region of crystalline material corresponding with seg-' ments 50a, 50b, 50c, etc. Electrode 51 similarly influences regions corresponding with segments 51a, 52a,
etc., and similarly denoted segments are influenced by remaining electrodes 52 through 56. Electrodes of electrode layer 43,-shown in detail 4C, two of which are designated 60 and 6l, define figure eights and are addressed sequentially at times corresponding with desired portions of electrode layer 42. Such a device may operate, for example, in the manner of the device of FIG. 2 with operation as there described. Disalignment or realignment results only in those portions of liquid crystal-layer4l sandwiched between energized segments of electrode layers 42 and.43. 'l 'he patterns depicted are in commercial use for numerical displays.
which may operate The device of FlG. 4A is representative of a family of coincident energy devices which may serve a variety of functions. as displays, either transmissive or reflective. A variety of electrode patterns operating coincidentally, either by passage of current or imposition of field, may result in a variety of symbols or designs of a which the patterns-of details 48 and 4Cv are exemplary.
Compositional Requirementsa. Substrate The term substrate in this section has reference to the composition of the surface actually in intimate contact with the liquid crystal. In this sense, this term may have a slightly different meaning from the term as utilized in the figure description. The significance of the substrate units. In general, preferred depth '(or height) of such current or field on the liquid crystalline material. All
such devices utilize straddling electrodes which, to
minimize electrical energy expenditure, are desirably in intimate contact with the liquid crystalline material. Since devices of concern generally operate at visible or near-visible light wavelengths, it is a requirement ofthis preferred class of devices that'such electrodes be trans I N= N-- and i l M- l arent to su hli ht. Surface'm. "l with the llquld F f goes p Electrode mate xials meeting the foregoing requirethe e lnvenuvc phllosphy' h mvemmll ls prerih ments include tin oxide 'variants such as indium-doped r r ijz l s gfi ga g i zg gi i gfa g g g i 3: 3: tin oxide, as well as very thin layers of elemental metg I y I g als. Reflective devices may utilize an electrode which primari yor so e y by Van der Waa s forces between is p q and Such y be cdmpoqed of y of the I l) in lin *ar substrate molecules on the one hand g F L I h usual metallic materials. Prior art devices, in which it mdJ'quld crysial q l f on e Other' The.esscnce was sought to produce alignment on such electrodes of the present invention is in alignment being induced accompfighed Um end -y use Ofa residue of g chain 's'n 'thn l lar' 1 crystal dlmen S l l ecu molecules such as cellulose residue produced by rub- -S' For purpfise of dfflleremlinmg the present m bing with lens paper. In accordance with the present vcnnonpver the pnor n Specified that the nature invention such electrode surfaces are desirably free of of the substrate, as defined in this'section, is such that Such residue but are provided with ridgeq or intermolecular forces between SubIqrate and hquld grooves responsible for alignment in accordance with. .Cryslal. c.annm re.sponslblc ahgnmem' Accord the invention. Such contour variations may be promgly n ls s'peclfiedm the negmwe that-the Surface of duced by transmission through very thin electrodes Such .qubstmte "l not be .composed of 'l of from underlying grooved or ridged support materials, sufficient length as to be orientable and/or so oriented or y y be produced dirccny in the electrode F 5 produce alignment Ofhqmd crystals' Accordmgly' The foregoing requirements are of course to be apdeslgnat'ed. s.uch Subswate meet the mqulrc' plied only to the region within which alignment is demfims of the i nlamfcst no long ralige sired. This may constitute the entirety of the liquid molecular ordering, by which is meant, an ordering cryqml region or ,1 portion thereof over the dimensions of IOOOangstrom units or greater. The Liquid Crystal Positive tcrmlnglogy is cxpedlcni in Canal" classes Liquid crystals suitable for the practice of the invenhubsfrate l l These mammals may be Prcfc i tion do not differ from those otherwise found desirable by virtue of Mammy? uansparellcy or other clldraqlens- 40 for device use. As indicated they may be smectic nemade avmlablc only vmuc of dlverilty of matic or as a species thereof cholesteric in some opmammals whlch may be uuhzed by following. the mvencrating state. They may be pure substances or they inay tive teaching. ln such terms, substrate materials may be I I h constitute any of the types of admixtures discussed truly il typlca g l er under the section entitled Description of the Prior z j m fi zz z i 2 5 g; Art". Chemical compositions found particularly useful a S p0 ymc y y y as nematic phase materials are generally of the form .polycrystalline or monocrystallinc. Such materials are v exemplified by tin oxide (acommonly used transparent W-mm electrode material) and quartz. A further requirement of such substrate surface, in accordance with the invenv tion, is the surface undulations (ridges-or grooves) which are themselves responsible for liquid crystal where h drk, d R d cemergrqups (R are alignment in whole or in part (in the unenergized or engiven i th f ll i tabl m--. TAgm.
Hi R2 R3 ciii0- ()II=N- "'CIID B cmcmo- CIi=-N- 0.iIv "lrans stllbeiiederivatlva CHiCHiO- -CI{=C CH CH(CII;)C41I Alkoxybenzyltdene amtnophenyl- CH;(CI-I1),,O CH=N- 0 acylate derlvatlves. 1|
O--C CH CH Cyano-Schlfl bases. N C- CH=N OC|II( 2) Merck NLC N4... 0110- 0 o -cim ergizcd condition). Surface ridges or grooves, to meet the inventive requirement; must represent a change in elevation from the surface plane of a minimum at least from a practical standpoint ofthe order of i0 angstrom The invention is premised on alignment due to minimization of elastic forces due to surface ridges or grooves on a surface contacting the liquid crystal layer; and the .foregoing compositions, therefore, are. exem- 9 plary with the inventive approach being equally useful in alignment ofanyliquid crystals,
Processing Surfaces meeting the requirements set forth in section 2b above may be prepared by a variety of techniques. Grooves o'r ridges may be prepared by mechanical means as by use of abrasives, such as use of diamond dust or carborundum,'0r material of lesser hardness for softer substrates. They may be produced by etching or deposition. Etching may be accomplished chemically or electrochemically with or without masks. Deposition may be accomplished from a vapor or liquid state, for example, by thermal decomposition by vapor. Other techniques include ion milling, selective melting,
They may be produced by replication, always in sub- I strate compositions of the type described, from mixtures which may be produced mechanically or by other means.
Technical and Design Considerations quired for alignment in accordance with earlier techniques (thereby avoiding deleterious chemical reaction and also instability often associated with such long chain molecules). Utilizing the inventive approach, it is now possible to clean a surface before application of the liquid crystalline material and thereby avoid contamination which may also cause deterioration (earlier techniques could not tolerate a cleaning step after deposition of long chain molecules or modification of long chain molecule surfaces).
Based on theoretical development as experimentally verified, it is possible to specify the types of contour changes and spacings most useful for accomplishing the inventive result. As broad limits, it is required that any contour elevational change responsible for alignment be of a dimension of the order of a liquid crystal molecule diameter. This requires a minimum dimension of the order of about 5 angstrom units. A maximum elevational change effective for the inventive purposes is about one micrometer. For dimensions substantially exceeding this depth or height, alignment force becomes relatively weak. Both limits are of practical significance as well. Depths of less than about five angstrom .units are not practically attainable. Exceeding 'the maximum has two further implications; there are often optical disadvantages, in terms of the increased scattering, that may. result, and the thicker liquid crystal layers, required to assure continuity across the surface, give rise-to other difficulties, for example, due to the need for alignment within the liquid crystalline material spaced at a considerable distance from the aligning interface. On the same basis, preferred limits are defined from about 25 angstrom units to 5000 angstrom units (1/2 micrometer).
For optimum operation, there is an interrelationship between depth or height of grooves or ridges and spacings. lntuitively, maximization of the alignment effect occurs for minimum spacing regardless of elevational change. Such maximation in alignment is desirable where the alignment is permanent, as in a fixed polarizer as well as in the majority of devices in which realignment or disalignment for the bulk of the materials separated from the interfacial layer is sufficient to accomplish desired operation. in fact, for most devices, it is desirable to maintain the alignment of the interface parallel to grooves or ridges at all times so as to minimize the time requiredito xeassume the aligned state after switching.
A theoretical development, in which the'various factors (groove depth or ridge height and spacing) are interrelated, is set forth in Vol. 28, No. 26 Plrvsical Review Letters pp. 16834686 to appear June 26, 1972. The interrelationship may be expressed as where U, additional elastic energy density adjacent to the surface when crystal molecules are aligned across rather than parallel to the surface grooves or ridges,
K an approximate average of bend and splay elastic constants of the liquid crystal (see Vol. 25,
Discussion oft/1e Faraday Society, p. l9 (1958)),
A (average) height of ridges or depth of grooves, (average) distance between ridges or grooves, and
C small numerical constant on the order of unity (e;g., 0.2 to 2).
lt is seen from the above that. alignment energy is proportional to elevation to the second power and intensity proportional to spacing to the fourth power.
The equation was developed for the practical situation in which spacing is at least as great as elevation change (a condition which naturally occurs for all usual processing techniques). In general, operation within the broad range under conditions in which spacing does not exceed 10 times the elevation change assures at least approximate alignment. The probability of nearly perfect alignment is improved as spacing is decreased, as seen from the equation. 7
While, from a theoretical standpoint, ridge or groove configuration is significant, practical procedures'for producing such contour variations invariably result in appropriate configurations, particularly for the finer grooves or ridges which are preferred. In general, such procedures'result in groove or ridgewidths (as distinguished fromspacing) of the same order of magnitude as depth or height. This is true for mechanical scoring as well as chemical techniques and other procedures discussed.
EXAMPLE I Scoredsurfaces were produced on silicate glass microscope slides by use of diamond paste with average particle size of one micrometer imbedded in leather. Slides were rubbed unidirectionally several times in order to result in grooves of depth of approximately 500 angstrom unit's separated by approximately i000 angstrom units. The slides were cleaned first with orgahic solvent, then with chromic and sulfuric acid,
rinsed with distilled water, and followed by baking'at 500 degrees Celcius for a period of about one hour. A
was rotated between cross polarizers with a maximum extinction ratio of or greater. As compared with a direction in which the ridged surfaces of the slides and the polarizer direction defines an angular displacement of approximately 45.
EXAMPLE 2 5 Similar cells were constructed, however, utilizing fused silica in lieu of silicate glass:
Example Liquid Crystal Composition 2 para-azoxydianisole 3 MBBA 4 heptyloxyazoxybenzene 5 octyloxyazoxybenzene Extinction ratios areas reported in Example 1.
EXAMPLES 6 and 7 Whereas the above examples are utilized nematic phase material, these examples were operated at reduced temperature so that the'liquid crystal media, the
compositions utilized in examples 5 and 6, were in the smectic phase. The observed extinction ratio was somewhat less than for the nematic phase dueto a slight angular displacement as between the two permitted domains. For this smectic C phase, the overall extinction ratio was about 5:l.
What is claimed is:
1. Device comprising a layer consisting essentially of liquid crystalline material in intimate contact with at least one surface of a non-liquidcrystalline material in which device the liquid crystallinematerial is substantially aligned in a given direction substantially parallel to the interface formed between the said liquid crystalline material and the non-liquid crystalline material of- 4. Device of claim 3 in which the same means includes at least one conductive electrode having a major face substantially parallel to the said interface.
5. Device of claim 4 in which the said means includes two conductive electrodes which straddle atleast a portion of the said liquid crystalline material.
substantially linear elevational variations in the nonliquid crystalline surface which are substantially parallel to each other, in which the said elevational variations are within the range of from about five angstrom units to about l0,000 angstrom units, separated by a spacing-of from about 5 angstrom unitsto about 10,000 angstrom units, and in which the said alignmentof the said liquid crystalline material is produced primarily by the said elevational variations.
2. Device ofclaim l in which the said interface is substantially free of nomliquid crystalline molecules of a greatest dimension as long as that of the greatest dimension of the molecules of the liquid crystalline material.
JQDevice of claim 1 together with means for altering the alignment of at least a portion of the said liquid crystalline material.
6. Device of claim 5 in which the said electrodes are in intimate contact with the said liquid crystalline material.
'7. Device of claim 6 in which there is a layer of additional material intermediate at least one of the said electrodes and the said liquidcrystalline material which affects the wetting angle of the said liquid crystalline material.
8. Device of claim 7 in which the said additional layer is a surfactant which causes the said liquid crystalline material to align parallel to the said interface.
9. Device of claim 4 in which the said change in alignment results in a second aligned state.
10. Device of claim 9 in which the said second aligned state is essentially orthoganal to the said interface.
ll. Device of' claim 9 in which the second aligned state is parallel to the said interface.
12. Device of claim 3 in which there are two layers of non-liquid crystalline material both in .intimate contact with the said layer of liquid crystalline material.
13. Device of claim 4 in which the surfaces of both of the said layers'of non-liquid crystalline material contain elevational variations as described and in which the interface is formed between the said liquid crystalline material and the two layers of non-liquid crystal line material are substantially parallel.
14. Device of claim 13 in which the elevational variations of the two said surfaces are substantially parallel.
15. Device of claim 14 including at least one element which is selectively transmissive for one sense of plane polarized light.
16. Device of claim 13 in which the said elevational variations of the said two non-liquid crystalline layers are essentially non-parallel.
17. Device of claim 16 in which the said elevational variations are essentially orthoganal.
18. Device of claim l7 including at least one additional element which is selectively transmissive forone sense of plane polarized light.
g 19. Device of claim 3 in which the said means includes means for changing temperature of the said liquid crystalline material.
20. Device of claim 19 in which the second state is essentially disaligned.
21. Device of claim I in which the layer consisting .essentially of the said liquid crystalline includes a chemical species which is light-absorbent which is composed of elongated molecules and in which their major axes are aligned substantially with the major axes of the molecules of the said liquid crystalline material.
I Att-esting Officer UNITED STATES PATIENT, OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent '2.787.11o Dated January 22, .1974
Inv n fl D. W. Berreman. S. Meiboom', D.- L. White, Kahn It 'is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patentare hereby corrected as shown below:
Column 1, line 21, change "not" to --no--. Column 2', line '21, change "increases" to "increase- Column '5, line l l, after "invention; insert andline 17, after "invention" delete "5 and" and insert a period;
line 53, delete "The remainder of the device, "5'
line 54," deletejin its entirety;
line 55, delete in its entirety;
' line 56, delete n conjunction with FIG. 1. I
Column 11, line 5, delete "As compared with a";
line '6,- delete in its entirety; line 7', delete in its entirety; line 8, delete in its entirety.
Signed and sealed this 9th day of July 1971,.
(SEAL) Attest:
MCCOY M. GIBSON,.JR. C. MARSHALL DANN- Commissioner of Patents I roan Po-wsouo-m UICOMM-DC SOHO-P" O u. VIIIIIIT nnmlo until I"! o-ludu.
, UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 2,187,110 7 Dated January 22, 1974 lnventbfls) DQ'W. Berreman, S. Meiboom, D. L. White, F. J. Kahn It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent andvthat said Letters Patenpsre hereby corrected as shown below:
Column 1, line 21, change "not" to --no-,
Column 2, line '21, change "increases" to --increase--.
Column 5, line 1 L, after "invention; insert --and--;
"3 and" 'line 17, after "invention" delete H a and insert a period; 5
line 53, delete "The remainder of, the device, "3 "54,; delete in flits entirety; line 55, delete in its entirety; line '56, delete "in conjunction with FIG. 1.". Column 11, lines 5, delete "As compared with a line 6, delete in I its entirety;-
line v delete in its entirety; 7 line, 8, delete. in its entirety.
Signed sealed this 9th day of July. 1971 (SEAL) Attest: I
MCCOY M. GIBSONJR. 0. MARSHALL DANN Attesting Officer i Commissioner of Patents roan 90-10 (10-0)
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|Filing date
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|Rca Corp
|Electro-optic device having grooves in the support plates to confine a liquid crystal by means of surface tension
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|Oct 24, 1972
|Ncr Co
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|Scm Corp
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|Jun 2, 1987
|Nippondenso Co., Ltd.
|Detection of manipulation of position apparatus for dazzle-free mirror
|Jan 3, 1985
|Jun 9, 1987
|Nippondenso Co., Ltd.
|Control apparatus for a dazzle-free reflection mirror of a vehicle
|Apr 2, 1986
|Jun 30, 1987
|Nippondenso Co., Ltd.
|Drive apparatus for a liquid crystal dazzle-free mirror arrangement
|Apr 18, 1986
|Sep 1, 1987
|Citizen Watch Co., Ltd.
|Liquid crystal color display panel with mosaic color filter
|Jul 29, 1985
|Mar 8, 1988
|Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha
|Liquid crystal-type nonglare mirror
|Dec 11, 1986
|Aug 16, 1988
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Spacers with alignment effect and substrates having a weak alignment effect
|Jan 12, 1987
|Apr 11, 1989
|Alps Electric Co., Ltd.
|Liquid crystal cell
|Feb 20, 1987
|May 23, 1989
|Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.
|Liquid crystal disc memory with circular grooves for auto-focusing of write-in beam
|Jul 26, 1988
|Jun 6, 1989
|Hosiden Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Ferroelectric liquid crystal cell and its manufacturing method
|Jun 23, 1986
|Aug 15, 1989
|Manchester R & D Partnership
|Fluorescent colored encapsulated liquid crystal apparatus using enhanced scattering
|Aug 1, 1989
|May 7, 1991
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Liquid crystal light modulation device
|Jul 25, 1990
|Jun 16, 1992
|Goldstar Co., Ltd.
|Color liquid crystal display device
|Jan 30, 1995
|May 19, 1998
|The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland
|Ferroelectric liquid crystal device alignment
|Oct 22, 1996
|Jul 14, 1998
|Samsung Display Devices Co., Ltd.
|Non-chiral smectic C liquid crystal display
|Jan 22, 1996
|Jun 29, 1999
|The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland
|Liquid crystal device alignment
|Aug 18, 1997
|Oct 17, 2000
|Nec Corporation
|Liquid crystal display with two areas of liquid crystal with orthogonal initial orientations
|Feb 18, 1999
|Jun 19, 2001
|Elop Electro-Optics Industries Ltd.
|Thermal switches and methods for improving their performance
|Jul 26, 2000
|Feb 5, 2002
|Nec Corporation
|Ferroelectric liquid crystal display with a reduced light-transmittance dependency upon a visible angle
|May 22, 1998
|Apr 16, 2002
|Trex Communications Corporation
|Liquid crystal variable retarder for free-space laser communication system
|Dec 17, 2001
|Oct 7, 2003
|Nec Corporation
|Ferroelectric liquid crystal display with a reduced light-transmittance dependency upon a visible angle
|Jul 15, 1999
|Dec 28, 2004
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Reflection-type, liquid crystal display device and process for producing the same
|May 8, 2006
|Jan 13, 2009
|Real D
|Enhanced ZScreen modulator techniques
|Sep 21, 2007
|Nov 17, 2009
|Industrial Technology Research Institute
|Polarizer-alignment dual function film, fabrication method thereof and LCD containing the same
|Jan 9, 2009
|Jul 20, 2010
|Reald Inc.
|Enhanced ZScreen modulator techniques
|Jun 12, 2012
|Reald Inc.
|Enhanced ZScreen modulator techniques
|May 8, 2006
|Nov 8, 2007
|Matt Cowan
|Enhanced ZScreen modulator techniques
|Sep 21, 2007
|Jul 3, 2008
|Industrial Technology Research Institute
|Polarizer-alignment dual function film, fabrication method thereof and lcd containing the same
|Jan 9, 2009
|Jul 23, 2009
|Matt Cowan
|Enhanced zscreen modulator techniques
|Dec 10, 2009
|Hyekyung Kim
|Housing and clip assembly for portable electronics device
|Jul 19, 2010
|Nov 4, 2010
|Reald Inc.
|Enhanced ZScreen modulator techniques
|Dec 4, 1979
|Jun 11, 1980
|Massachusetts Inst Technology
|Liquid crystal device.
|May 1, 1979
|Nov 29, 1979
|Massachusetts Inst Technology
|The orientation of ordered liquids and their use in devices
|Sep 14, 1982
|Mar 31, 1983
|R & D Partnership Manchester
|Encapsulated liquid crystal and method
|Jan 30, 1995
|Aug 17, 1995
|The Secretary Of State For Defence
|Ferroelectric liquid crystal device alignment
|Jan 22, 1996
|Aug 15, 1996
|The Secretary Of State For Defence
|Liquid crystal device alignment
|Dec 4, 2006
|Apr 3, 2008
|Real D
|Enhanced zscreen modulator techniques
|U.S. Classification
|349/123, 349/63, 349/125
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


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I do not know how to respond to your comments , Can you teach me?thanks
ahh , I found a Chinese character . In this picture, it's 蔡。 can you found it?
Wonderful composite!
See you in the next time!
Well-spotted and well-taken. A very special photo, I think! Best wishes, Kykma.
Superbe image du savoir bricolé. J'aime aussi beaucoup cet univers coloré. Bravo Picson
Photo taken in Admiralty, Hong Kong


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Best Actor, Actress Oscar Nominees
LOS ANGELES, CA - DECEMBER 16: Actress Meryl Streep arrives at the premiere of The Weinstein Company's "August: Osage County" at Regal Cinemas L.A. Live on December 16, 2013 in Los Angeles, California. (Photo by Jason Merritt/Getty Images)
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Please tell me I am not the only one who choose this. My midwife gave me the option to be checked after she swabbed me for strep b at my 36 week check up today. She said it really doesn't mean anything so I said I didn't care.
Background: This is my second baby and I am going for a VBAC this time. :)


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Browsing University of Missouri System by Subject "Metastasis"
Now showing items 1-1 of 1
Photoacoustic Detection of Circulating Prostate, Breast and Pancreatic Cancer cells using targeted Gold Nanoparticles: Implications of Green Nanotechnology in Molecular Imaging (2010-02)Circulating tumor cells are hallmarks of metastasis cancer. The presence of circulating tumor cells in blood stream correlates with the severity of disease. Photoacoustic imaging (PA) of tumor cells is an attractive technique ...


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Seasons of the Soul
The Call to Holy Surprise: Reflections on Pentecost
Pentecost demands that we listen with a willing heart, and that we open ourselves to ongoing radical transformation. Soul work is always challenging and calls us beyond our comfort zone. Prayer isn't about baptizing the status quo, but entering into dynamic relationship with the God who always makes things new. Scripture challenges our ingrained patterns of belief, our habitual attitudes and behavior. Conversion is about maintaining what the Buddhists call "Beginner's Mind." St. Benedict speaks to this in his Rule when he says, "always begin again."
To be fully human and alive is to know the tension of our dustiness, our mortality, to be called to a profoundly healthy humility where we acknowledge that we can know very little of the magnificence of the divine Source of all. Once we have journeyed through the desert and stripped away the vestiges of our hubris, we can dance into the new life awaiting us.
The Spirit descends on those gathered together in a small room and breaks the doors wide open. We are reminded that practicing resurrection is not for ourselves alone, but on behalf of a wider community. Not only for those with whom we attend church services, but beyond to the ones who sit at the furthest margins of our awareness. Pentecost is a story of the courage that comes from breaking established boundaries.
We may limit our vision through cynicism, but equally through certainty or cleverness. Sometimes we fear doubt so much that we allow it to make our thoughts rigid, we choose certainties and then never make space for the Spirit to break those open or apart. The things we feel sure that God does not care about may be precisely the source of healing for a broken world.
Life isn't about knowing with more and more certainty. Life is about moving more deeply into the mystery of things. I find that the older I get, the less sure I am about anything and the richer my life becomes as I make space for unknowing, expansiveness, and possibilities far beyond my capacity for imagining. If when Pentecost arrives you do not find yourself perplexed or amazed, consider releasing the tight grip of your certain thoughts and make space for holy surprise.
Christine Valters Paintner, Ph.D., is a Benedictine Oblate and the online Abbess of Abbey of the Arts, a virtual monastery without walls offering online classes in contemplative practice and creative expression and pilgrimages to Ireland, Germany, and Austria. She is the author of eight books on monasticism and creativity including The Artist's Rule: Nurturing Your Creative Soul with Monastic Wisdom (Ave Maria Press) and her forthcoming book The Soul of a Pilgrim: Eight Practices for the Inner Journey (Spring 2015, Ave Maria Press). Christine lives as a monk in the world in Galway, Ireland with her husband of twenty years.


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Hello all,
As I make preparations for heading to the hospital in the next weeks, I was wondering if any of you were able to make hand or footprints of your children, and how it worked. Did you or someone else do it for you? A nurse? Did you provide materials, and if yes what do you take with you? When were they able to do it for you?
My little girl may end up in the NICU for a while, or not at all. We really don't know what will happen to her after birth, and we haven't entirely decided what measures we will take, if any, beyond comfort care, so I don't know how much time we will have with her. Obviously I'd much rather spend time with her rather than have her taken to do things like prints, but I just want to have an idea of what I should prepare.


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MELVILLE, N.Y., Feb. 20, 2013 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- FalconStor Software, Inc. (Nasdaq:FALC), a market leader in disk-based data protection, was named a finalist in the backup and disaster recovery software and services category of the Storage Magazine-SearchStorage.com 2012 Product of the Year awards. FalconStor's RecoverTrac™ disaster recovery (DR) automation tool stands out from the competition by performing lightning-fast recovery of multiple machines, failover and failback between dissimilar hardware and non-disruptive disaster recovery testing. The RecoverTrac solution also was honored earlier in 2012 as a Best of VMworld 2012 award gold winner in the business continuity and data protection category.
FalconStor's RecoverTrac(TM) Tool Selected As Product Of The Year Finalist By Storage Magazine
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You limited your search to:
- Texas Almanac and State Industrial Guide, Supplementary Edition 1937
- The almanac covers general topics about the state of Texas including statistics for individual counties, agriculture, weather, "government, population, education, resources, industries, commerce and other matters pertaining to the economic, political and social development" of the time. A general index is on page [99]. texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth117162/


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an asian hipster
A hipstasian is that asian kid playing second guitar in your band with the bandana around his neck and moves like jagger.
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Emails sendes fra firstname.lastname@example.com. Vi lover ikke at spamme dig.×


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Funding via Aqroinvest Credit Union
Over the past 6 years, Veysal has gained experience in the purchase and sale of sheep, and his business has brought stability to his family. He would now like to purchase more sheep so he can better support his large family. He is requesting a loan of 1200 USD for a term of 15 months. Veysal thanks you very much.
Success!! The loan was 100% repaid


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Funding via BRAC Pakistan
A couple of years ago I took out a small loan and started a seasonal cloth-selling business. I buy shawls and tailoring fabric from a wholesale market and then sell it door-to-door in the surrounding neighborhoods. This is a very profitable business for me and does not take up too much time either, which means my household duties are not neglected. I would now like to expand my business and do it year-round and seek a loan to help me. I will sell these clothes in the local market or neighborhood.
Parveen B., Lahore.
Success!! The loan was 100% repaid


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Psylocke pencil commission by Andrew-RobinsonWatch
©2013-2016 Andrew-Robinson
HB graphite on bristol.
I'd love to see you draw more X-Men
Soooo Cooool!!!
Again great job, glad she looks like how she originally appeared!
Nice, really dig the face and the scratchiness of the piece.
Great lines and texture, love it
Nice work!!
Love it.


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The King County Executive's race is heating up. Dow Constantine's campaign says he's raised about $50,000 since announcing his candidacy. Larry Phillips quickly pointed it out when Constantine once ducked out of a meeting early. And of course there's still rampant speculation about who else might get in the race (paging Ross Hunter).
But move down to the council member races--Bob Ferguson, Julia Patterson, Pete Von Reichbauer, Reagan Dunn and Kathy Lambert are all up for re-election this year--and apparently no one wants anything to do with it.Over on the city government side, 14 people have filed with the Secretary of State to run for the city council positions, at least two of which will be vacant. Two people--David Wolbeck and Norman Sigler--filed to oppose to Greg Nickels for his mayoral seat. Two other potentially heavier hitters have both declined to run against him. Tim Burgess went so far as to file with the Secretary of State's office but said last month he's out. And this weekend Nick Licata declared his intention to run for re-election, saying in a press release:
I feel my role as a legislator, writing the laws that govern our city, is the one that suits me best. And while I had considered working on a national level, as a Councilmember I will continue bringing other municipal officials together to work with the new Obama administration towards the improvement of our long neglected cities.
I'm sure Obama has Licata on speed dial.
So while the mayoral race isn't exactly a barn burner, Nickels does at least have some competition. But those five open county council seats? Not a challenger in sight. Come on people, sitting on the council was what launched both Sims and Locke to their executive posts and later Obama-appointee glory. Nickels did a stint there before becoming mayor. This is where dreams are made.


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Amy from Delineate Your Dwelling fell so in love with a colorful lamp shade from Land of Nod the moment she saw it. She says, "The colors and pattern spoke to me, but the price for a lamp shade did not! I was able to easily create a similar pattern on a thrifted lamp shade […Read More]
Abstract Art Painted Lampshade
Thrift Store Lamp Makeover with Chalk Paint
Jenny from Evolution of Style came across a couple of lamps that both boasted unique architectural bases, distressed finishes… and two hundred dollar price tags! She then came across a lamp base with a similar shape from Goodwill for only $4.99 and knew she could work some magic on it with chalk paint. Jenny layered two colors to create a beautiful weathered effect that also happens to remind me of Restoration Hardware's delectable finishes.
Bright Yellow Pineapple Table Lamp
On a recent visit to the thrift store, Brandi from Don't Disturb This Groove found a pineapple gold leaf lamp. She had no problems painting over the finish and searched the internet for inspiration. Horchow delivered with an eye-catching pineapple lamp that was just the inspiration Brandi needed! She spray painted the lamp yellow and added a new shade. Here's what Brandi has to say about her thrift store lamp makeover: "Yellow suits her so well. I love this lamp with its new look. There's nothing better than finding used treasures then turning them into something new!"
Silver Painted Lamp
When Virginia from Live Love DIY found an outdated lamp at the thrift store with a dingy white base and pleather lampshade, she saw the potential for it to become a real knock out. Some silver spray paint gave the base a more modern look and a satin ribbon added extra oomph to a plain shade. Virginia says, "The whole project took less than 30 minutes, and my little $3 thrift store lamp has been transformed into a high-style lamp you would find in any home store for about $40-$50!"
Lamp with Ruffle Shade
Julie from Less-Than-Perfect Life of Bliss created a new stylin' lamp for her daughter's bedroom from an old lamp she had originally purchased from the thrift store. Julie painted the cherub base a bright yellow and then dressed up a plain white shade with strips of ruffled fabric. This is such a simple way to […Read More]


text: I am currently working on a website dedicated strictly to tricycles. I have a free auction and free classifieds as well as a tricycle forum and chat. I'm still working on it, but it's getting there. One of my goals is to create an extensive tricycle manufacturer/Brand/Value database. Any help that anyone can lend in obtaining information for this database or in the history of tricycles and tricycle manufacturers would be greatly appreciated. My site is: www.tricyclefetish.com (no porn, just tricycle stuff)


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Man arrested more than 2 years after warrantThe Associated Press | February 16,2013BURLINGTON The U.S. Marshals Service says a man wanted on a sexual assault charge in Vermont since October 2010 has been arrested in Kansas.
Authorities said Aly Tran was charged with aggravated sexual assault on a minor. The alleged assault happened in Burlington in 2003; it was reported to the Chittenden Unit for Special Investigations in 2010.
A warrant for the arrest of the 45-year-old Tran was issued; his whereabouts were unknown.
He was arrested Thursday in Holcomb, Kan., on a charge of being a fugitive from justice, authorities said.MORE IN Vermont NewsBARRE Police say a state employee involved in finances for the states health insurance... Full StoryMONTPELIER A bill seeking to clarify who can be classified by employers as an independent... Full StoryMONTPELIER House lawmakers are close to passing a bill that provides enhanced penalties for... Full Story
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Hello to you here on Audiko.net! A perfect occasion to download a free Maria Rita ringtones for your iPhone or mobile. Suit yourself your favorite snippet from your favorite masterpiece - Cria, A Festa, Cara Valente, or any other track. Then download the prepared Maria Rita ringtones to your gadget, and enjoy MPB music by Maria Rita every time your phone rings. If you like MPB or maybe Bossa Nova and Jazz music, then you will probably like Ney Matogrosso, Vanessa da Mata, or Elis Regina as well. For all who want a free Maria Rita ringtone, we also recommend listening to Brazilian, brazil, and Female Vocalists. You may receive your tone both in the MP3 and m4a formats, supported by both mobile phones and iPhones. Just select a track, and choose free Maria Rita ringtones download option.
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Bookstore DetailsHave you ever noticed when perusing the bookshelves at West Texas A and M University Bookstore that many books have the same titles and even similar covers? For example, there may be five sections of Biology 110 offered during any given term at West Texas A and M University and they all seem to use books that look similar and are called .Intro to Biology.. The only way to be sure you.re buying the correct book is by matching the ISBN on your syllabus with the ISBN of the book. So get that ISBN and use it! Punch those digits into the CampusBooks.com search-and-comparison tool to find out if West Texas A and M University Bookstore has the exact book you need in stock, how much it costs, and how to get it for less.
101 25th Street
Canyon TX , 79016
Hours: Monday -Thursday: 7:30am-6:45pm Friday: 7:30am-4:15pm Saturday: 9:30am-1:15pm
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Website: http://www.wtbookstore.com/
CampusBooks.com is not affiliated with or endorsed by the above university.


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A Practical Prescription for Raising Healthy, Fit Children
Rutledge Hill Press, Paperback, 9781401601416, 262pp.
Publication Date: April 1, 2004
It's in the news: American children are too fat and this is resulting in an alarming increase in type 2 "adult onset" diabetes in children under the age of 12. Dr. Naomi Neufeld recognized this more than two decades ago when she began seeing an increasing number of overweight children in her office as a pediatric endocrinologist - children who were not just 20 to 30 pounds overweight, but 50 to 100 pounds overweight and children who were as young as 6 years old.
The KidShape(c) program she founded is a family-based weight-management program that has helped thousands of young people lose weight by learning how to make healthy choices about eating and activity. Included are "The truths behind the myths about food," "Seven lessons for fit families," fun exercises, and healthy recipes.


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Officials say tightened security measures are in place as runners prepare for the Boston Marathon on Monday, one year after the deadly bombings that shook the city and the nation.
Rep. Peter King (R-Seaford) is familiar with the extensive security planning that's going into the race, which is the world's oldest annual marathon. King, who sits on the House Homeland Security Committee, traveled...
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Lady Gaga graces the cover of the October issue of Harper's Bazaar by proving that she can even pull off no makeup look just as well her usual vanguard look. It is amazing to see Lady Gaga in her natural beauty once in a while, and everybody would like to see her in her natural hair sometime in future, too.
Lady Gaga decided to go with an unusual natural look for her photo shoot with photographers Inez van Lamsweerde and Vinoodh Matadin.
Photos via refinery29.com


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