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Author: Grace Shackman
Fifty years of low-budget goodwill
When President Obama announced in December that he would normalize relations with Cuba,
photographer Jack Kenny and retired attorney Kurt Berggren got to thinking about an official visit
with Ann Arbor's newest sister city. In 2003, they'd persuaded city council to adopt Remedios, a
town of 46,000 in central Cuba. Though both men have since visited, U.S. travel restrictions have
prevented the cities from exchanging official delegations.
Most Ann Arborites don't know we have a Cuban sister city, because council didn't want to spend
$1,000 to add Remedios to the signs that list Ann Arbor's six other sister cities. Though exchanges
over the years have led to close personal and business relationships, the city no longer provides
staff support or funding, so it's strictly been volunteer efforts of late.
Contact with Juigalpa, Nicaragua died out in the 1990s. The connection to Dakar, Senegal, began
and ended with a single visit in 1997. There hasn't been an official visit with Belize City since
their mayor checked out our recycling program in 1999, and the last youth sports exchange with
Peterborough, Ontario, was in 2003.
But two relationships, with Tübingen, Germany, and Hikone, Japan, remain strong. It's no
coincidence that both countries were America's enemies in WWII.
Sister cities originated in the People to People program, an outgrowth of a 1956 White House
conference that promoted friendship between former enemies. Ann Arbor's involvement started in 1965.
Georg Melchers, a Tübingen city councilmember, visited that December and was serenaded by Ann Arbor
High School students singing Christmas carols in German.
Many Ann Arborites trace their heritage to southern Germany, and from the start, local Germans
were active in the relationship, hosting events and visitors. City councilmembers were also drafted
into the effort. Mary Hathaway, the widow of attorney and councilmember John Hathaway, was dealing
with a colicky baby when her husband announced they would be hosting Hugo and Bertl Raiser. The
couple didn't speak English, so "I had to reach down deep for the little bit of German I had inside
me," she recalls, but the families have been friends ever since.
In 1969 Carolyn Murphy, a young teacher of German at Pioneer High, visited Tübingen as part of a
delegation. Georg Melchers took her under his wing and introduced her to his son, Christoph. They
fell in love, married, and still live in Tübingen, where Carolyn remains very active in the sister
city program. In
1980 Tübingen invited Ann Arbor to take part in its music festival. Mayor Lou Belcher recalls
that city manager Sylvester Murray was given palatial quarters on the top floor of a hotel, with
balconies on all four sides and a fully stocked bar, while Belcher had a cubbyhole on a lower floor
with just a bed and a desk. It turned out that the Germans, who have several levels of mayors
starting with the Oberburgermeister or lord mayor, had assumed that the city manager was more
important than the plain mayor. When they discovered their mistake they were very apologetic, but
Belcher told them to leave things as they were since Murray was getting such a kick out of the
On the relationship's fortieth anniversary in 2005, Tübingen's delegation was led by the city's
first female lord mayor, Brigitte Russ-Scherer. Mayor John Hieftje led the return visit with his
wife, pianist Kathryn Goodson, who gave a concert at a nearby monastery. As they have every year
since 1982, Tübingen high school students also came to Ann Arbor during their spring break, and Ann
Arbor students returned the visit after school got out for the summer.
Most of the participants in the 2011 and 2012 exchanges were architects or people involved in
city planning. In Ann Arbor, activities included walking tours, visits to landmark buildings, and
explanations of our green initiatives. In Tübingen, Carolyn Melchers enlisted a group of architects
including her husband- to organize a tour of their architectural treasures, from the Middle Ages to
the modem.
Tübingen will send two groups this year. This month, twelve adults with developmental
disabilities, plus eight helpers, are coming to Ann Arbor and staying in North Quad. They will be
hosted by the Ann Arbor Center for Independent Living. An Ann Arbor delegation will return the visit
this fall. And on June 1, the Ann Arbor City Council plans to reenact the proclamation they passed
fifty years earlier. In the audience will be the latest official delegation from Tübingen.
Councilmembers Steve Kunselman and Graydon Krapohl will lead a return visit in July, and members of
the public are welcome.
In 1968, Michigan adopted the Prefecture of Shiga as its sister state. The following year, Ann
Arbor partnered with Hikone, a city in Shiga on the eastern shore of Lake Biwa.
The first visit was a big one: a contingent of high school teachers and students and 100 members
of the Musical Youth International Band and Choir. But it wasn't until 1982 that an official
delegation made the trip. Mayor Belcher led a nine-member group including Hitoshi Uchida, owner of
the Karnakura Japanese restaurant, who served as translator.
The highlight of the trip for Belcher was a visit to Toyota headquarters to encourage officials
to expand the company's small Ann Arbor emissions lab. He expected to take the train and to talk to
one of the company's economic development people. "I was surprised when a limo showed up at my hotel
and drove me the 120 miles to Toyota's headquarters," Belcher recalls. "When we arrived 1 was
escorted to [chairman Eiji] Toyoda's office. He dismissed the staff and closed the door and then
said, 'So tell me, how are my Wolverines?' " It turned out he was a U-M alum, and he barraged
Belcher with questions about U-M sports and various bars. When Belcher brought up the local lab,
Toyota answered, "Well, I think we can do sometgubg about that." Toyota subsequently built a major
facility in Ann Arbor Township and then an even bigger one in York Township.
Yearly junior high/middle school exchanges began in 1985, organized by Clague teacher Rusty
Schumacher. Ann Arbor students visit Japan every other year, and Hikone students come in the
opposite years
Larry Dishman, who organizes the exchanges through the Rec & Ed department, says that Hikone
has a city employee in charge of sister cities. Though visitors stay with families, the city gives
them rail passes and money for travel and lodging when they travel to Hiroshima and other cities.
"On our end, we have the JGds pay $2,000," Dishman says, "and then raise more money patchwork
Like Hikone, Tübingen has a staffer who keeps track of their partnerships. The German city also
provides funding for cultural events and a travel budget that will pay the way for their mayor and
two councilmembers to this year's fiftieth anniversary celebration.
In contrast, Ann Arbor eliminated all regular funding during budget cuts ten years ago. This
year, its only financial contribution to the Germans' visit will be some bag lunches, and everyone
making the return trip will pay their own way.
Relying entirely on the volunteers means that relationships ebb and flow depending on people's
changing interests and commitments-especially if the sister city also has limited resources.
That's what happened with Belize City. The relationship was approved in 1967 at the urging of the
local People to People chapter. Former mayor Louis Belcher recalls that the late councilperson Jerry
Bell, a fan of Belize steel bands, also championed the connection.
A group of Boy Scouts from Belize City subsequently stopped by while in the United States for an
international scout jamboree. But a suggested return visit to Belize by a young people's choir and
orchestra was politely discouraged in a letter explaining that the city lacked the resources to host
such a large group.
In 1968 five Ann Arborites, including then-state senator Gilbert Bursley, visited. Return visits
included their national director of libraries in 1969 and a steel band in 1973. In 1975, the
relationship was memorialized with the creation of Belize Park at the corner of Fountain and Summit.
But there appear to have been no visits since 1999. As former mayor Ingrid Sheldon explains, "It's
really people to people-it takes people to keep things going."
The 1983 partnership with Peterborough was inspired by Doug Walker, then head of the Ann Arbor
Recreation Department, who suggested the cities set up a Junior Olympics-type exchange. At its
height, the Arborough Games brought six or seven busloads of middle school students to Ontario to
compete in soccer, baseball, track, volleyball, and basketball, followed by a return delegation from
Peterborough the following year. Participants stayed in the homes of the opposing team and enjoyed a
big party after the games.
"It was the gem of the recreation department," remembers Larry Dishman. "When it first started,
so many kids wanted to participate that we had to have tryouts." But as more opportunities to play
sports opened up in Ann Arbor, interest waned. Toward the end "we were so frustrated we would
practically hustle kids off the streets of Ann Arbor and tell them they didn't have to pay, just
come," Dishman recalls.
The partnership with Dakar, Senegal, was suggested by Richard Ross, who got the idea while
visiting a niece who worked for an ambassador in the west African country. City council approved it
in 1997.
That October an official delegation visited Ann Arbor including Dakar's mayor, Mamadou Diop. Mary
Hall-Thiam, a member of the hospitality committee and the wife of a Senegalese, recalls that the
local Senegalese community sponsored a reception in the group's honor. While in Ann Arbor, the
delegation observed Ann Arbor's educational systems, economic development, and environmental
An attempt to organize a return visit foundered when Ross couldn't raise enough money. But the
connection is not totally dead. Hall-Thiam says the local Senegalese community is planning to
organize a twenty-year reunion in 2017.
The partnership with Juigalpa started with a ballot proposal. Activists concerned about American
foreign policy in Central America, collected signatures for a proposal to create a sister city in
Central America. In April 1987 it won by a two-to-one margin, and council appointed a task force to
select a sister city. Several members had been to Nicaragua and had contacts there, so they
consulted with the Sandinista government, which suggested Juigalpa.
In November Ann Arbor sent a seventeen-member delegation, including mayor Ed Pierce and state rep
Perry Bullard. The group brought twenty-five boxes of gifts, mostly medical or educational supplies.
When asked what else the city would like, the mayor suggested a small garbage truck.
After much research, the committee found a company that made the right kind of truck in Alberta.
Initiative organizer Gregory Fox picked it up there and drove it to Ann Arbor, where three other
members of the original delegation, Kurt Berggren, Tom Rieke, and Kip Eckroad, took over for the
two-week trip to Nicaragua. The volunteers took turns with two in the cab, driving and navigating,
and one holed up in the back, able to communicate using a walkie-talkie that Eckroad borrowed from
his kids.
There were a few later delegations to Juigalpa, but interest died out. "In the '90s, Juigalpa's
citizens voted to replace the Sandinista group in city hall," Rieke recalls by email. "People in Ann
Arbor did not know the new leaders, who probably thought that we were just Sandinista puppets."
However, the garbage truck "was used for about ten years around the clock," says Berggren. "This was
in spite of the fact that parts were hard or impossible to get, so they had to somehow figure out
ways to make repairs. Finally it ended up as a flatbed truck used for other things."
Berggren got involved in Remedios after seeing Jack Kenny's work on Cuba. Kenny fell in love with
the island after visiting with friends in 1996 and returned frequently to photograph its vintage
automobiles, crumbling architecture, and people. The book he published in 2005, Cuba: Photographs by
Jack Kenny, shows Cubans, although clearly not rich, enjoying life-playing chess, getting their hair
cut, riding bikes, or just hanging out.
"Remedios is an untouched, well preserved colonial city," explains Kenny. It's in the middle of
the island, about a six- or seven-hour drive from Havana. When Berggren visited, he played chess
with their mayor- Remedios has the main chess school on the island.
Since the thaw in diplomatic relations, Kenny and Berggren have been working to confirm that
officials in Remedios support the partnership to clear the way for an official visit.
"If we put a group together we could do it," says Kenny, "but first we have to make sure we are
recognized in Cuba. This is the time to see Cuba, before it gets overrun."
Photo caption 1: (Left) in 1987 Ann Arborites voted to adopt a sister city in Central America,
and raised funds to donate a garbage truck to Juigalpa, Nicaragua. But interest faded in the 1990s.
(Right) Ann Arbor mayor Ingrid Sheldon and Dakar mayor Mamadou Di?P in 1997.
Photo caption 2: Ann Arbor visitors enjoy a trip on the River Neckar in 2012. Thanks to strong
institutional and volunteer support, relationship with Tubingen, Germany, and Hikone, Japan,
continue to thrive.
Author: Susan Wineberg
The vanished city of 1900
Thanks to the presence of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor consistently enjoys the lowest
unemployment rates in the state and has produced an artistic, intellectual, and political
environment out of all proportion to its size. But the city has paid a price for its growth and
prosperity over the past century, it has lost a great deal of its architectural heritage.
If an Ann Arborite from 1900 could see the city at the turn of the millennium, she would be
impressed by its growth—the vast shopping centers along the south side, the office parks lining
Plymouth Road, even the tree-lined streets of Bums Park and Ann Arbor Hills would all be new to her.
But she surely would be shocked as well to discover how many of downtown's most prominent and
beloved landmarks have been demolished.
The city's growth was driven by the university's and nowhere was the destruction greater than on
Central Campus (a future article will describe the changes there). The U-M. however, was not the
culprit in the demolition of architecturally significant buildings downtown. Many losses reflected
the onslaught of the automobile, and the changing patterns of housing, transportation, and work it
produced. And of course the normal forces of "progress" also were at work, as brick structures
replaced wooden ones, municipal facilities were torn down to make way for larger ones, and "modem"
buildings replaced "old-fashioned" ones.
Here's a look at the Lost Ann Arbor of 1900: The local landmarks swept up by the onslaught of the
twentieth century.
The 1878 Courthouse
Every city has at least one historic building whose loss is universally regarded as a tragedy. In
Ann Arbor, that unhappy distinction surely belongs to the 1878 Washtenaw County Courthouse, shown
here on a winter's day in 1916. Foursquare and formidable, capped by a limestone cupola and a
soaring clock tower, the courthouse, at the northeast comer of Huron and Main, was downtown's
centerpiece. The surrounding Courthouse square, with its grassy lawn and shade trees, served as Ann
Arbor's town common. Though its legal functions were taken over by the present modem-style building
almost half a century ago, nothing has ever replaced it as the heart of downtown.
The county's first courthouse, an unassuming brick structure built in 1834, played a pivotal role
in Michigan history as the site of the "Frostbitten Convention" of 1836, which paved the way for
Michigan's admission to the union. But it was outgrown during Ann Arbor's growth spurt after the
Civil War, and in October 1877 workmen laid the cornerstone for a courthouse as ostentatious as its
predecessor had been modest.
Designed by G. W. Bunting, the courthouse was completed the following year for a total cost of
$88,000. The regal structure would preside over downtown for three-quarters of a century.
Unfortunately, as architectural fashions changed and the county's legal business grew, it was
gradually allowed to deteriorate by civic leaders who considered it outmoded and inadequate.
First, cars were permitted to park on what had been its marvelous lawn. Next came the removal of
the clock tower—a hazard, said the building inspector. After World War II, a series of articles in
the Ann Arbor News, deploring the horrific working conditions in the building, led to its
destruction. In a final indignity, the new courthouse was constructed around old one, filling in
three sides of the old courthouse square. In1954, the move complete, the old courthouse was
demolished for a parking lot.
A Mayor's Mansion
Already an anachronism by 1900, the Maynard mansion on the northwest comer of Main and William
nonetheless survived most of the twentieth century. Built in 1842 by developer and future mayor
William S. Maynard, the stately home was once famous for its broad sweep of lawn and beautiful
flower garden, which ran down the hill to Allen Creek (the creek now runs underground near the Ann
Arbor Railroad tracks). The strutting peacocks on the grounds were a source of wonder and amusement
to the townspeople.
Maynard developed most of Ann Arbor's west side and had large landholdings all over town. His
memory is perpetuated today by both William and Maynard streets. By the time this postcard was made
early in the century, his home had been sold to the Elks Fraternal Order, who used it as their lodge
for many years. Remodeled beyond recognition by the Elks and its last owner, the Ann Arbor Civic
Theater, the mansion was finally torn down in 1989; today, its site is occupied by the 350 South
Main commercial and office block. The only surviving remnants of Maynard's home are the cornice
brackets, which were salvaged to restore the cornice at 111 West Liberty.
Grandeur at Fourth and Huron
At the turn of the century, two substantial structures faced each other across the intersection of
Huron and Fourth Avenue. The Allenel Hotel, on the southwest comer, was important enough to rate a
tinted photographic postcard (undated, but mailed in 1914). Built in 1871 to replace an earlier
hotel, the Allenel was remodeled after a 1910 fire and lasted until 1964, when it was replaced by a
modem eleven-story building. After decades of intermittent financial trouble, the Ann Arbor Inn
closed in 1990; its building is now the Courthouse Square apartments for seniors.
Kitty-comer across the intersection was the Comwell Block. It was built in 1882 by Charles Manley
and Joel Hamilton, who had visions of selling it to the federal government as a post office but lost
out to a rival site at Main and Ann (see p. 36). By the time this photo was taken in 1910, it was
the headquarters of the Comwell Coal Company; signs also reveal the presence of a basement bowling
alley and an Odd Fellows lodge. In the 1920s and 1930s, the building was also the last home of Joe
Parker's Cafe, a favorite hangout of U-M students and alumni.
The Cornwell Block, like many other ninteenth-century buildings on Huron, fell victim to the
automobile: it was demolished in 1936 to be replaced by a gas station. More than sixty years later,
the station itself has become an object of historic interest. After the city rejected a recent
proposal to tear it down for a parking lot, it's now rented to Vault of Midnight Comix.
The Lost Blocks
Ann Arbor's first "blocks," or groups of storefronts built as a unit by one investor, appeared on
Main Street in the 1830s. Fire quickly proved wooden blocks to be impractical, so beginning around
the time of the Civil War, they were rapidly replaced with more durable brick buildings. Happily,
many of these blocks are still standing—but many are not.
Perhaps the most dramatic loss occurred on North Main directly across from the courthouse
(below). Starting at right in this 1892 streetscape, the lineup began with a true architectural gem.
Hill's Opera House on the comer of Ann. Constructed in 1871 by G. D. Hill, a local entrepreneur who,
among other things, gave his name to Hill Street, it was the center of the city's cultural life in
1900. Renamed the AthensTheater in 1901 and the Whitney Theater and Hotel in 1908, it managed to
survive until 1955, despite serious fire code violations that eventually resulted in its demolition.
Today this once impressive comer is a surface parking lot.
At the south end of the block, a triangular pediment tops another imposing structure: the Masonic
Block, formerly the Gregory House hotel. Later known as the Municipal Building, in the 1950s it was
wrapped in blue and white enamel paneling that had already begun to look outdated by the time the
building burned in 1972. Most of the block was demolished after the fire. The rest—that last
remnant of this once proud lineup—was removed in the mid-1980s to make way for the One North Main
office building
A Magnificent Post Office
The lavishly detailed post office on the northeast comer of Main and Ann was a busy social hub when
it was built in 1882. At the time, mail still had to be picked up in person—a daily ritual that
annoyed many university students but also made the building a respectable meeting spot for the
In 1886, however, home mail delivery was introduced in Ann Arbor. By the time this photo was
taken, around 1892, the post office was no longer such an important meeting place. Replaced after
the turn of the century by a new building just to the north (today the Washtenaw County
administration building), the 1882 post office and the neighboring Ann Arbor Daily News printing
plant were demolished in 1940 to make way for a Kroger supermarket. Subsequently abandoned as Kroger
continued its migration to the fringes of town, the new building was a Salvation Army Red Shield
store before being bought by the county and demolished in 1989. A five-story county office building
is now under construction on thesite—a handsome postmodern design that promises a presence worthy
of its Victorian predecessor.
From Church to Newspaper Office
A number of historic downtown churches are still standing, including St. Andrew's, First Baptist,
and the First Unitarian Church (now the offices of the architectural firm Hobbs & Black). But
others have been lost over the years to growth pressures within downtown, or to the growing needs of
their own congregations.
Among the casualties was First Presbyterian, which occupied the southwest corner of Huron and
Division for more than a century. In 1829, the congregation built the first church in Ann Arbor on
the comer, replacing it in 1860 with this fine red-brick edifice (shown in an undated postcard). But
in 1935, as parking became more of an issue and more congregants moved to new residential
neighborhoods east of campus, the Presbyterians moved out to their present location on Washtenaw.
The Huron Street church was sold to the Ann Arbor News, which tore it down to build an office and
printing plant designed by the celebrated Detroit architect Albert Kahn.
A Private Library
At the turn of the century, this homey Romanesque building at 324 East Huron was a privately
operated library. It was designed by Irving and Allen Pond, the Ann Arbor-bom architects who would
later plan the Michigan Union and Michigan League, and was operated by the Ladies Library
Association, which made its collection available to members by subscription.
Ann Arbor's first public library was built in 1906. Financed by a donation from steel magnate
Andrew Carnegie, it was on Huron next to the new Ann Arbor High School on State (today the U-M
Frieze Building). The ladies held out for a decade before donating their collection to the public
library in 1916. Their building served as the local headquarters for the Boy Scouts in the 1930s,
but was demolished in 1945 to make way for a Michigan Bell Telephone building and associated
parking. A newer Ameritech building occupies the site today.
Perils of Modernity
Two major buildings at the corner of Main and Washington succumbed to the pressures of
modernization, but in different ways. The high-ceilinged three-story building on the southwest
corner—Hangsterfer's confectionery when the top photo at left was taken in 1869—had by 1900 been
acquired by the Kresge national dime store chain. In 1912, both Hangsterfer's and the building next
door were demolished to make way for a new, two-story Kresge store (today BD's Mongolian Barbeque
and Cafe Felix).
Few living Ann Arborites will recognize the building with the candy-stripe awnings (middle
photo), even those who see it every day. Home of the State Savings Bank when this photo was taken in
1910, it later became the local branch of the National Bank of Detroit (now Bank One). The original
building is still there, buried under several generations of remodeling.
The Last Homes on Main
A century ago, much of what we now consider the central business district was still a residential
area. Streets such as South Fourth and South Fifth avenues and Liberty, Washington, and Maynard
streets were filled with houses, many of them quite stylish and boasting large lots with extensive
gardens. There were even a few home owners on Main Street.
Two of the last holdouts were the Muehlig houses (bottom photo), which stood side by side at 311
and 315 South Main. An old Ann Arbor business family (Muehlig funeral parlor, B. E. Muehlig dry
goods), the Muehligs had homesteaded on the site. They were apparently not sentimental about the
property, however—in 1928, they demolished the home on the left to build a brick business
Bertha Muehlig's namesake dry goods store occupied the northwest corner of Washington and Main
(now the Hooper Hathaway law office) for most of this century. Muehlig walked to work from her Greek
Revival home until her death in 1955. In 1962, the house was sold and demolished for a Glidden paint
store (the building now shared by M Den, Au Courant opticians, and Collected Works).
Miss Muehlig's generosity to local schoolchildren had made her a popular figure, and the
Christmas creche on her lawn was a favorite seasonal landmark. The loss of her home prompted a
public outcry. "The whole town grieved, not only at the passing of a beautiful and historic
landmark, but at the loss of a visible reminder of the noble and gracious woman who had lived there
all her long life," local historian Leia Duff wrote in her 1965 book Ann Arbor Yesterdays.
The loss of the Muehlig home led to creation of the first local historical commission. In 1973,
city council took advantage of a new state preservation law to designate Ann Arbor's first historic
district, preserving nine scattered buildings from destruction or inappropriate exterior
Today, most citizens recognize the value of historic buildings and appreciate the character,
charm, and sense of historical continuity they provide. Ann Arbor now has fourteen different
historic districts, protecting a total of more than 1,600 structures.
[Photo caption from original print edition]: The Cornwell Block in 1910
[Photo caption from original print edition]: North Main between Ann and Huron, 1892.
[Photo caption from original print edition]: Hangsterfer's Hall (above, in 1869) and the State
Savings Bank (left, in 1910) sat kitty-corner from one another at the intersection of Main and
Washington. One was demolished, the other remodeled beyond recognition. The loss of Bertha Muehlig's
Main Street home (right, reflow) helped launch the historical preservation movement).
The landmark that shaped the village
Perched on the edge of the bridge in the center of Manchester, the Manchester Mill visually
defines the town. Historically, the mill is the reason for the village's existence.
In 1826, John Gilbert bought the land that would later become Manchester. He contracted with
Emanuel Case and Harry Gilbert to build a mill on the River Raisin in 1832. Since then, there has
always been a mill on that site—although the building has burned down twice and the dam has been
rebuilt twice.
According to Chapman's 1881 History of Washtenaw County, Case built a gristmill and a
sawmill. Those mills, plus one on the east side of town (now the site of a Johnson Controls
factory), furnished the power that made Manchester a leading nineteenth-century industrial town,
served by two railroad lines. Case also built the first hotel in Manchester and was the village's
first justice of the peace, office in his hotel.
Out of the three mills, the grist the only one that has survived—and it has had to be rebuilt
repeated mill burned for the first time in 1853.
Though an exact cause was never determined, fires were common in mills because of the high
flammability of grain dust. With wooden buildings and low-tech volunteer fire departments, they
would spread quickly. The 1853 fire swept half of the downtown, destroying fourteen businesses and
one dwelling before being brought under control.
In 1875 and again in 1908. the River Raisin flooded and washed out the dam. After the second
flood, a temporary dam washed out again just two months later. It was replaced with sixty-foot-wide
poured-cement structure, which has lasted to this day. Don Limpert, present owner of the Manchester
Mill, believes the dam one of the oldest poured-cement structures in the state.
The mill burned for the second time in
By the time the night watchman
red the fire and sounded the alarm,
were shooting through the sides of
ding. The mill was rebuilt again,
it opened for business in January of 1926, it no longer ground flour, just feed for livestock.
Although Henry Ford bought most of the mills in the area, including the one on the east side of
town and mills in Saline and Dexter, he decided the Manchester Mill, at a price of $6,000, cost too
much. The high price probably reflected the fact that the mill was still in use, unlike the
abandoned mills he usually purchased.
E. G. Mann and his two sons, Willard and Earl, bought the mill in 1940. E. G. had been in the
mill business since 1927, when he bought a feed mill in Bridgewater, which is still run by his
descendants. In 1976, Willard's son, Ron Mann, who had been working at the Manchester Mill, took
over. Ron remembers that in the 1960s, the mill was open from 7:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. and that the
workers were grinding all day. But by the time he became the owner, grinding was only about five
percent of the business, and more of a service than a moneymaker. The surrounding farmland was being
steadily sold off until there were hardly any livestock farmers left. (Today there is only one
full-time livestock farmer in Manchester Township.)
In 1981, Mann decided to end the milling part of his business; at the time, it was the oldest
operating mill in continuous use on me same site in the entire state. By then, he had expanded into
lawn and garden supplies and premixed animal food. He moved this part of the business to the west
side of town, where it is still running, under a new owner.
After Don Limpert bought the old building from Mann, he removed the mill equipment, some of which
had to be taken out through the roof by a crane. Limpert, who has restored numerous other buildings
in Manchester, divided the mill into smaller spaces, starting with an apartment at the top that he
calls "Manchester's high-rise." (Bill Farmer, a former member of the Raisin Pickers string band,
lives there.) The remainder of the space is rented by stores and businesses. One of the turbines is
still in place and could be used to generate electricity if ever needed.
A feeling of the old use still pervades the mill. One of the turbines is used for a coffee table
in the Red Mill Cafe, and an original corn-shucking bin empties into the office of the
Manchester Chronicle, where editor Kathy Kueffner looks out at the River Raisin while she
writes her copy.
—Grace Shackman
Photo Caption: Through fire and flood, Manchester's mill ground grain from 1832 to 1981.
Dexter citizens aren't waiting for the U-M to decide the fate of Gordon
The fate of Gordon Hall is on hold as far as its owner, the University of Michigan, is concerned,
but not in Dexter, where children and adults are raising money to buy and renovate the house that
the town's founder, judge Samuel Dexter, built in 1841. Recently Dexter kindergartners raised almost
$900 with bake sales, while second-graders held a contest that brought in about $5,000 in
Last October the Washtenaw County Board of Commissioners designated Gordon Hall and sixty-seven
acres around it as a historic district. But those who thought that the vote meant the village can
now use the house for a museum were jumping the gun. Historic protection means only that changes to
the outside of Gordon Hall or to the grounds have to be approved by the county historic district
commission. The commission would certainly reject such egregious changes as condos on the front
lawn—but if a new owner wanted to use it as a country estate or a corporate retreat, that would be
legal as long as the owners respected the integrity of the property.
No one knows whether the university will try to sell Gordon Hall on the open market or whether it
might be willing to give the village favorable sales terms. Diane Brown, a spokesperson for the
U-M's office of facilities and operations, says officials have been too busy with other projects.
The leases for the four rental apartments in Gordon Hall have expired, so the house is now empty.
The university is discussing having someone live there to keep an eye on it and is working to keep
up with maintenance, interior painting, and repairing winter damage to the roof.
Village activist Paul Cousins, former owner of Cousins Heritage Inn, met with then-interim U-M
president Joe White, whom he knows from catering events at the U-M business school when White was
dean. Cousins reports that White listened very sympathetically to his vision of village ownership of
Gordon Hall. But the views of new U-M president Mary Coleman about Gordon Hall are unknown.
In 1940 Katharine Dexter McCormick, granddaughter of Samuel Dexter, hired Emil Lorch, dean of the
U-M architecture school, to renovate Gordon Hall. But after he had worked on it for ten years, she
suddenly gave it to the university, which scooped out the historic interior and divided the building
into apartments. No one knows exactly why she made the donation, and it is not clear whether she
knew what the U-M was going to do with the building, but the speculation is that she had problems
paying estate taxes after her husband died. Connie Osler, Lorch's daughter, recalls, "Dad was
devastated when she gave it to the university. He was so mad."
Even if the university were to return the favor and give Gordon Hall to the village, it's not
clear how much money would be needed to renovate it for a museum. But Dexter citizens are continuing
to work on the project.
Photo Caption: To help save Gordon Hall, Cornerstone Elementary gave the Dexter Historical
Society's Gil Campbell nearly $900 in bake sale profits.
Pressure to meet modern needs endangers three historic landmarks.
Demand for housing and retail and industrial sites in the Chelsea area has exploded in recent
years—so a lot more people are mailing letters, checking out library books, and wanting to park
their cars downtown. But even as residents put the heat on village leaders to meet these needs, they
are also concerned about not just paving over Chelsea's past.
Take the McKune Public Library, for example. Built in 1860, the building has immeasurable
historical value as the home of Elisha Congdon, who, with his brother James, founded Chelsea. As a
library, on the other hand, it's becoming very cramped and outmoded. But when the board raised the
option of tearing it down to build a new, larger library, there was a public outcry. Most villagers
also resisted the idea of locating a new library anyplace but downtown, according to Lynn Fox,
library board president. "It's [on] a wonderful site, especially if the city moves their offices
across the street."
Fox was referring to efforts by Chelsea developer Rene Papo to build and lease a government
center on the Palmer Ford lot there. If Papo's successful, his new office center would solve one of
Chelsea's long-standing problems. For three years, municipal offices have been temporarily housed in
a bank next to the library.
Papo's plan might also solve another problem: the need for a larger post office. Last year the
Postal Service declared that Chelsea's current post office is too small and lacks adequate truck
access. While villagers have no control over this decision, they are demanding that the postal
authorities keep any new post office downtown. Meanwhile the fate of the old building also remains
uncertain, and it, too, contains an invaluable piece of Chelsea's history. In 1936 the federal Works
Progress Administration (WPA) commissioned artist George H. Fisher to paint a mural on its north
wall. Villagers treasure the mural, The Way of Life (right), as an important example of
original Depression-era art and as a significant part of Chelsea's past.
If and when a new post office is built, the old structure—and its mural—will be offered to
other governmental units by rank. If federal, state, or county officials decide they want the
building, villagers will have no formal input over the fate of it or the mural.
Meanwhile, the Downtown Development Authority is building a new parking lot on the
Staffan-Mitchell Funeral Home property in response to villagers' demands for more downtown parking.
But that location puts a circa-1880 home, most recently home to Serendipity Books, in the way of the
bulldozers (see Marketplace Changes, p. 59).
Sensitive to the historic value of the building, the DDA has announced that it will sell the
house for a nominal sum if the buyer is willing to move it. "We're not trying to make money," says
DDA director Ann Feeney.
It's obvious to many people that these three landmarks—the McKune house, the post office's WPA
mural, and Serendipity House—are "priceless." But saving them will come at a price, and someone
will have to pay it.
So far, no one has stepped forward to save Serendipity House. The library plans to approach
outside sources for contributions before going to the voters for approval of a bond issue to pay for
planned additions and renovations on the McKune house. At press time, the board had no figures on
the estimated cost.
The fate of the WPA mural will probably take the longest to determine. Anyone who tries to remove
it, however, will face a lot of angry villagers. "They'd never destroy it," says Feeney. "People
would go bananas if that happened."
The asking price is $2 million for a Dexter landmark.
Does anyone want to buy a historic 1843 Greek Revival mansion for $2 million? That's the
University of Michigan's asking price for a Dexter landmark that lots of folks would rather see
preserved than put on the market.
Gordon Hall needs plenty of interior work, but from the outside it looks much as it did when
Samuel Dexter built it on a hill overlooking the town he founded. It has not just sentimental value
as a village landmark but historical importance as well. Dexter and his sons were conductors on the
Underground Railroad, and there is strong evidence they hid escaping slaves in the basement.
The U-M, though, views the building mainly as a financial asset. The university has owned the
home since 1950, when Dexter's granddaughter, Katharine McCormick, donated the house and grounds.
She had been working for ten years with Emil Lorch, dean of the U-M's architecture school, to
restore the house—yet, puzzlingly, her gift to the U-M included some money to have the inside
gutted and turned into four apartments. One of them was subsequently occupied by Alexander Ruthven,
retired president of the university.
In November 2000 the U-M regents voted to sell the house. They had asked the county board of
commissioners to designate it as historic, preventing any changes to the exterior. But the county
went too far for the U-M's taste. Jim Kosteva, the university's director of community relations,
lobbied hard but failed to stop the commissioners from including the property's seventy acres in the
protected district. The historic designation prevents any development of the surrounding property
without permission of the Washtenaw County Historic District Commission.
Kosteva's announcement of the asking price shocked many people at a recent meeting organized by
Alice Ralph, a local architect and member of the county historic district commission. Attending were
many interested citizens plus representatives from Dexter Village, Scio and Webster townships (the
property straddles the boundary between them), the county parks commission, and the Huron-Clinton
Metroparks, plus two county commissioners. Kosteva said the university would accept bids from
September 1 through November 15. but only cash offers. He held out some slight hope for compromise
only by saying the university was not obligated to accept the highest offer.
Ralph is trying to figure a way for the county to acquire Gordon Hall. Paul Cousins, a member of
the village council, is hoping that the Dexter Area Historical Society could end up owning it. Both
are finding plenty of people who agree with the idea of community ownership, but coming up with the
money is a daunting task. The U-M's time frame leaves room for a possible millage vote, but while
Cousins says something like 0.1 mills for restoring and maintaining Gordon Hall might pass, he
doesn't think it's likely voters would approve a tax measure large enough to buy the building.
What if no one buys the property? Says Cousins, "If the university changes their mind and has a
soft spot in their heart and wants to give us Gordon Hall, we'll take it." So far, though, the
university has ignored such appeals—despite the widespread interest in saving Gordon Hall and the
building's landmark status for Dexter villagers. Joining other community leaders and official bodies
in a preservation effort doesn't seem to be on the U-M's agenda.
Photo Caption: Alice Ralph and Paul Cousins are finding support for community ownership of Gordon
A May fund-raiser offers a once-in-a-lifetime chance to see how the Davenports and
Curtisses lived
The Davenport-Curtiss mansion and its grounds take up a full block of land right on Michigan
Avenue in downtown Saline. The house is so impressive that someone I know assumed it must be a
public building—only when he was rebuffed at the door did he learn to his embarrassment that it is
a private residence. Built in 1876, the mansion has served as a home for two presidents of the
Citizens Bank of Saline, William Davenport and Carl Curtiss, and is still owned by the Curtiss
Davenport (1826-1909), the bank's founder, built the house, hiring prominent Detroit architect
William Scott to design it. (Scott, trained in England, also designed the 1882 Ann Arbor fire
station—now the Hands-On Museum.) The Curtiss family still has the blueprints, which are written
on linen and include the instruction that "only finest materials available will be used."
Scott designed the house in the Second Empire style (named for the reign of the French emperor
Napoleon III), with a tower and a mansard roof. It was one of the first homes in the city with
indoor plumbing. Quality wood—walnut, maple, tulipwood, and butternut—was used throughout, and
Davenport furnished the house with pieces purchased at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition, an
international trade fair held the year it was built. Outside he built a matching carriage house and
stable, and he landscaped the grounds with rare trees.
Davenport had earned his fortune as the owner of Saline's largest general store, which segued
into a bank. His father died young, and Davenport began working when he was twelve, starting as a
clerk in Caleb Van Husen's store in Saline. He was just twenty-five when he opened his own store in
partnership with H. J. Miller, whom he bought out two years later. The business thrived, selling
everything from sewing supplies to food to wool, and in 1863 Davenport built a new three-story store
on the northwest corner of Michigan Avenue and Ann Arbor Street.
Since Saline's only safe was at the new store, people often asked Davenport to store their cash
and other valuables. As the town thrived, especially after the arrival of the train in 1870,
Davenport's financial transactions increased. In 1885 he formally organized the bank, which he
initially operated out of a comer of his store. Davenport and his wife, Zilpha, were civic leaders.
She helped organize the Saline library. He organized the volunteer fire brigade and donated much of
its equipment, personally traveling to New York to purchase a hand-pumped fire engine that drew
water from cisterns dug under the streets. Davenport "has been prominently identified with all
Christian, moral and benevolent movements," a local historian wrote effusively in Charles Chapman's
1881 county history, "and is well noted for his kindness and generosity."
Davenport's son Beveriy (1852-1930) graduated from Detroit Commercial College and succeeded him
as bank president after his death in 1909. In 1917, Beverly Davenport remodeled the bank's interior,
hiring a New York architect who specialized in financial institutions.
Beverly Davenport died without an heir (his only son, Edward, predeceased him). But luckily there
was an employee, Carl Curtiss, who was more than capable of taking over. Curtiss was born in 1883 in
Camden, a small town southwest of Hillsdale; he started working at the bank as a teller in 1908,
shortly after graduating from Hillsdale College. When William Davenport died, Curtiss was promoted
first to assistant cashier and then to secretary of the board and cashier—the posts formerly held
by Beverly Davenport. After Beverly's death, Curtiss succeeded him as president of the bank and
inherited the Davenport mansion.
When Curtiss moved in, the house had been unoccupied for quite a while and still contained all of
its original furnishings. (Beverly had had his own house on Henry Street, just behind his father's.)
Curtiss admitted in a 1952 Ann Arbor News interview that he had been tempted to tear the mansion
down when he first glimpsed the interior. It was over fifty years old by then, and the plaster was
cracked, the fixtures old, and the rooms drab and dirty.
Curtiss's friend Henry Ford convinced him that the house was worth saving, and sent experts from
Greenfield Village to help him figure out how to restore the building and furnishings. Curtiss
didn't take all of Ford's advice, however—for example, he refused to keep the walnut bathtubs with
their copper linings, preferring the convenience of a modem bathroom.
Ford also sent over some of his men to plow up the yard for gardens. In the Curtiss era the house
became known for its rows of peonies, hundreds of rose bushes, and thousands of tulips. Curtiss's
granddaughter, Mary Curtiss Richards, remembers that the gardeners used to dig up the tulip bulbs
every year and dry them on screens for replanting.
While meticulously restoring his house, Curtiss was also earning the respect and gratitude of the
community by the way he was running the bank. Though he took over at the beginning of the Great
Depression, he dealt with people in a humane way, which also turned out to be good for Saline's
future economy. Mary Richards tells how he survived the 1933 bank "holiday," when a panicked run on
assets caused many banks to close. "He stood on the steps of the bank, cash in hand, and handed it
out," says Richards. "After a few [depositors got their money], they stopped asking to take it out
and started putting it back." Some area farmers remember to this day that Curtiss lent them money
when their crops failed, and according to Richards, he never foreclosed on any property.
After World War II, loans from Curtiss helped start new businesses, most notably Universal Die
Casting, which became Johnson Controls. Curtiss also continued the Davenport tradition of civic
involvement. He served on the city council and school board and, during World War II, on the draft
board. He donated to countless local projects, including the Saline Community Hospital and the
Saline Methodist Church. He paid for high school band uniforms and for much of the land for Curtiss
Park. He was a charter member of the Saline Rotary Club.
Curtiss and his wife, Vera, participated in the social life one would expect from a big banker.
Richards remembers that they were regular attendees at the musical May Festival in Ann Arbor.
"Grandma would get a new dress and dress to the nines," she recalls. "Sometimes she'd get a new
piece of jewelry for that, too."
Asked whether it was hard being the granddaughter of the big banker in town, Richards laughs and
says, "No, not at all. We were proud of him. We never heard anything bad about him."
Curtiss served on the National Bank Board, and when he went into Detroit for meetings, he and
Vera would often take in a play afterward. They sometimes entertained in their house, often in
connection with some philanthropic project. Being strict Methodists, they didn't serve anything
stronger than ginger ale.
At the time, Richards lived with her parents, Bliss and Vera (her mother had the same name as her
grandmother), and her brother Carl in a house her grandparents had built when they first came to
Saline. But Richards says she was invited to the Davenport-Curtiss mansion "all the time." Most of
her memories of the house are of family events, such as watching movies in the basement (Curtiss had
his own projection room, and Richards's family still has some of his movies), or eating her
grandmother's waffles on the maid's night out.
Curtiss never retired from the bank; he continued working until his death in 1967 at age
eighty-four (Vera had died ten years earlier). In 1964, he oversaw the replacement of William
Davenport's original bank building with a new Citizens Bank facility. While in the hospital for his
last illness, he was worried that he would spoil his perfect Rotary attendance, so his fellow
Rotarians offered to meet in his hospital room. He. died before the time of meeting, leaving his
record intact.
Richards's parents moved into the mansion after Carl Curtiss died. A few months later she
married, and her parents hosted the reception on the grounds. "It was the last big event [held
there]. There was a band, a tent. They went the whole nine yards," says Richards. Her mother kept
the house immaculately clean, and even though they regularly hired cleaning help, she insisted on
cleaning the Czechoslovakian crystal chandelier herself, still climbing on a stool to do it until
she was well into her nineties.
Bliss and Vera Curtiss opened the house to one homes tour in the 1970s. But since then the family
has maintained strict privacy, except for letting Saline fourth-grade teacher Audrey Barkel bring
students through on tours. "It's a once-in-a-lifetime experience for those kids to be in there,"
says Barkel, who has been taking kids through for about twenty-four years.
This spring Bliss and Vera's son Carl, with his sister Mary's help, will open the house to the
public again for a very special event: a garden party to benefit Arbor Hospice, which took care of
Vera so that she was able to die at home in 1998 (Bliss had died in 1977). The fund-raiser will be
held May 21 from 1 to 4 p.m. Docents will explain the history of the home and garden, and
refreshments and a booklet about the house will be available. Tickets, limited to 250, will cost
$50, and will be available at Arbor Hospice and various Saline merchants, including the Calico Cat.
For more information, see Events, p. 53.
A hiking trail turns old tracks to good use
In the nineteenth century, the area around the railroad depot was the noisiest, busiest spot in
Saline. Steam engines puffed in six times a day to drop off and pick up people and freight. Nearby
were a busy grain elevator, two barns, a blacksmith shop, and a lumberyard.
Today the tracks are gone, replaced by a quiet walking trail. On September 24 a ribbon-cutting
ceremony marked the official opening of the path that runs along the old railroad bed from Ann Arbor
Street to Harris Street past the former depot, now a museum operated by the Saline Area Historical
Society. Though the path is less than a quarter mile long, there's hope that it will be the fast leg
of a much longer trail.
Saline's first train arrived in 1870 on the Detroit, Hillsdale, and Indiana line (DHI). "Detroit"
and "Indiana" were both wishful thinking: the line ran only from Ypsilanti to Bankers, a little town
west of Hillsdale. But it connected with the Michigan Central Railroad in Ypsilanti, the Ann Arbor
Railroad at Pittsfield Junction south of Ann Arbor, and the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern in
Although not a major line, the DHI was important to Saline, allowing local farmers to ship wheat,
oats, apples, wool, and livestock to larger markets. Saline was the state's busiest shipping point
for animals during the nineteenth century, says Saline historian Bob Lane. Livestock were herded
down unpaved Bennett Street and held in pens on the south side of the depot. In 1875 the Saline
Standard Windmill Company began making windmills and pumps, and the railroad made it a nationwide
The barn closer to the station is listed on maps as a hay and fertilizer warehouse. The other was
operated by Gay Harris and Willis Fowler, who would buy wool from local sheep raisers and store it
until they had enough to send a train car load to wool mills. In mediate nineteenth century
Washtenaw County was the nation's leading producer of wool.
A windmill between the station and the first barn pumped water into an underground tank, and from
there to a water tower across the tracks. Steam engines filled their tanks from this tower. Around
1900, an electric pump replaced the windmill.
E. W. Ford's lumberyard was west of the station, occupying most of the land from there to the
intersection of Ann Arbor and Bennett streets. South of the tracks, Hy Liesemer's grain elevator
faced Ann Arbor Street According to an 1888 map, it could hold 10,000 bushels. North of the tracks
was Feuerbacher's blacksmith and welding shop, run by John Feuerbacher, who came from Germany in
1870, and his son Edward. The Feuerbachers also bought and sold scrap iron behind the shop, shipping
it out by train.
During the twentieth century, rail service declined. The depot saw its last passenger train in
1931; shortly after that, the passenger lobby was removed. Freight operations continued, but in 1961
the depot was closed completely.
Today all that survives is two-thirds of the depot. The wool barn burned down in the 1940s. The
hay and fertilizer building has also disappeared, as have the windmill, water tower, lumberyard,
grain elevator, and blacksmith shop. There's a small commercial area where the lumberyard stood, and
an auto parts store at the blacksmith shop location.
In 1980, after a few years of intermittent use by a couple of businesses, the old, dilapidated
depot was given to the Saline Area Historical Society. It looked like a shack, but the society
lovingly restored it and made it into a museum.
Today the entrance is through a door that was once the interior entrance to the station agent's
office. The bigger room beyond the office, originally the baggage area, is used for displays and
meeting space.
The historical society brought in a real caboose, which schoolchildren love. A ten-foot windmill,
similar to one that was there originally, was installed as an Eagle Scout project. Across the tracks
you can still see traces of the water tower foundation. The society's president. Wayne Clements,
would like to move another water tower there or reconstruct one.
Where the hay and fertilizer barn once stood, the historical society has moved a livery barn from
101 North Lewis Street, where Orange Risdon. the founder of Saline, once lived. A real Saline
Standard windmill is stored inside.
The idea of a walking path along the old rail bed percolated for years, but it took a while for
the society to reach agreement with the Ann Arbor Railroad, which owns the tracks. In November 2005
the society signed a lease with the railroad, and the project quickly gained support; its backers
include the health promotion group Pick Up the Pace, Saline!
To cut costs, the organizers abandoned plans for lighting and paving the trail and used some
volunteer labor. Washtenaw County Public Health contributed $18,170 from a state grant. Saline CARES
(a millage that provides funding for recreational programs) awarded $8,000, while the City of Saline
agreed to help cover interim costs.
Heritage Lawn Care, a landscaping firm on Wagner Road, offered a discounted price for
installation. The company created a walking trail alongside the tracks by clearing out trees and
other obstacles, leveling the ground, installing a landscape fabric, and laying six inches of
limestone on top. The finished path is suitable not only for hikers but also for bicycles and
The area between the rails was also cleared and filled with larger stones. "We thought
delineating the tracks would make it more attractive," says David Rhoads, who led the volunteer
effort. Hikers can see the challenge the work crews faced by looking at how much vegetation has
overgrown the remaining sets of tracks to the north.
The clearing also made it possible to ride the depot's one-person handcar, which train employees
used to check the tracks. Rhoads and Clements plan to work on repairing the switch at the Harris
Street end of the trail so that the handcar can make a round trip from the depot.
Future plans include adding benches and trash receptacles along the trail. The Saline Garden Club
is preparing to plant a perennial garden made up mainly of native plants in a clearing next to the
tracks. Other ideas in the talking stage include installing art along the path and putting in bike
racks that look like steam engines.
The organizers hope to extend the trail east to the Saline District Library on Maple Road and
west to Mill Creek Park. The western end would run near Brecon Village Retirement Community and pass
a gorgeous trestle now hidden in the woods. Some neighbors along the route have objected, though, so
the plan's future is uncertain.
Illustrations by Wendy Harless
Early in this century, winter in the country was a time of hard work and isolation. The
holidays brought welcome relief with caroling and skating parties, "humbugs," and school
Caroling by sleigh
Katie Chapman remembers Christmas caroling in a horse-drawn sleigh in the late 1910s and early
1920s. All over the Chelsea countryside, people would be singing. The air was filled with song: "It
was clear and still, and voices carried. You could hear a mile away," says Chapman.
Chapman's family lived and worked on the Foster estate, south of Sylvan Center. On Christmas Eve,
after they'd finished their chores, the whole family would climb into the sleigh and ride to the
farms of people they knew. They'd sing carols as they traveled, sometimes singing in their native
Hungarian. (Chapman's parents were immigrants from Hungary.) Many other families in the area sang
carols in German.
The roads around Chelsea weren't paved until later in the 1920s, and travel was normally slow and
bumpy. When conditions were right, though, the sleigh would glide along smoothly. The sleigh itself
was nothing fancy, just an open box that could be fitted with runners in the winter or wheels in the
summer (it was usually used to carry hay to the barn or gather grain in the fields). To keep warm,
the family would wrap up in horsehides. "We'd bundle up so all you could see of our faces were our
eyes," Chapman recalls. A piece of soapstone, heated in the stove, served as a foot-warmer. "We felt
sorry for the poor horse," says Chapman. "The cold would bother his nose."
When the carolers arrived at a nearby home, the residents would come outside to listen, joining
in if they knew the songs. Then they'd invite the singers inside to warm up, and serve them
Christmas baked goods and hot cider with cinnamon. "Everyone grew apples," Chapman says, "good ones
that you can't get anymore: Greenings, Northern Spy."
When it was time to move on to the next house, their hosts would hitch up their own sleighs and
follow behind. By the end of the night, says Chapman, "there was quite a contingent. We'd end up
with twenty-five or thirty people." The evening would draw to a close around 10 p.m. Even though it
was a holiday, everyone had to be up by 5 a.m. the next day to start the chores.
Dexter 1915-Present
Five generations of Christmas baking
For generations, people have come from miles around to buy German Christmas treats at the Dexter
Bakery. The custom dates back to 1915, when Joseph Schnebelt started the business. Through three
generations of Schnebelts, and two more owners, the bakery has retained its reputation as the best
place in the area to buy such Christmas specialties as Lebkuchen, Schnitzbrot, and
Joseph Schnebelt and his new bride, the former Alice Johnson, moved from Battle Creek to open the
bakery. One of their daughters. Sister Paraclita, a Catholic nun in the Immaculate Heart of Mary
order, still lives in Dexter. As she recalls, her parents chose the town because they liked the
community and it needed a bakery.
The Christmas recipes were supplied by Schnebelt's father, Charles, who was born in Baden,
Germany. In 1923, Charles Schnebelt bought the Dexter Bakery from his son. Joseph went on to run
bakeries in several other towns, but in 1936, when his father was getting too old to handle the
bakery alone, he returned to help him. Joseph again took over the Dexter Bakery completely in
Joseph and Alice's eight children all helped in the bakery. Sister Paraclita and her twin sister
worked in the front, clerking. The girls had to be at work when the bakery opened at 7 a.m., but the
boys in the family had it much worse—they had to get up in the middle of the night to help with
the baking. The whole family pitched in on deliveries. At one time they had extensive routes all
over the lakes district.
The Schnebelts would begin baking Christmas cookies right after Thanksgiving. Besides Lebkuchen
and Springerle cookies, they made cinnamon stars, sugar cookies with seasonal decorations, almond
and coconut macaroons, and Pfeffernuesse. The Lebkuchen was so good, remembers Sister
Paraclita, that one of her uncles would buy twenty dozen each season and try to make them last all
year: "By July, he'd be cutting it up in small pieces, trying to make it last until Thanksgiving,"
she says.
Besides cookies, the most famous German Christmas delicacy is Schnitzbrot, a special bread,
sometimes compared with fruitcake, but much lighter. Delicious but not too sweet, it goes well with
richer holiday fare. As Sister Paraclita recalls, her family made it with whatever dried fruits were
available: pears, pineapple, prunes, and candied cherries. They also made three kinds of
fudge—chocolate; divinity, made with egg whites; and penuche, made with brown sugar—and two
kinds of brittle—peanut and coconut. They also learned to make English Christmas recipes,
including mincemeat pie (when it was still made with meat) and fruitcake. They sold the fruitcake
and some of the other Christmas goodies by mail to customers all over the country.
The bakery even made its own cough drops—small, menthol-flavored candies called "humbugs."
Reverend Father Charles Walsh, of Dexter's St. Joseph Catholic Church, had an old English recipe for
the drops. But when he made them in the rectory, the sisters didn't like the mess. Since Joseph
Schnebelt was one of his parishioners. Father Walsh asked if he could set up his candy-making
equipment in the bakery. After that, every Christmas they made humbugs together. Father Walsh took
what he needed, and the rest were sold in the bakery. For years Sister Paraclita sent humbugs to her
sister in Texas.
Joseph and Alice's son, Joe Jr., stopped making candy when he took over the bakery in 1956. When
he retired in 1972, Joe Jr. sold the business to Jack Owen, an employee for seventeen years. Four
years ago, Owen sold the bakery to Cambodia-born immigrants Kim and Saing Yam.
The Yams' only baking experience had been making doughnuts in San Diego, but Owen taught them
what he knew before retiring to Stockbridge. He also passed along the Schnebelt Christmas recipes.
"We don't change a thing," says Kim Yam. Lifelong Dexter resident Bruce Waggoner agrees. Over the
decades he's patronized the bakery. Waggoner says, "they've maintained quality all the way
Manchester 1920s
Skating on the Raisin
In the 1920s, Manchester teenagers spent their Christmas Eves skating in a cove on the frozen
River Raisin. "There was no entertainment" in town, Glenn Lehr recalls. "We made our own."
Several days before Christmas Eve, people would begin collecting wood for a bonfire. "There were
trees up and down the river, lots of dead trees," says Lehr. "We'd just pile up the wood." Then, on
Christmas Eve, the teenagers would light the fire and decorate the willow trees that lined the bank
with stringed popcorn, candles, and ornaments—"the same sort of thing you put on now, but made
with glass, not plastic," he says.
The party would start at dusk, or as soon as the young people could get away from their Christmas
Eve dinners at home. There would be about thirty teenagers, Lehr recalls, and sometimes a few
adults. But the grown-ups rarely stayed long, getting tired and cold sooner than the teens.
Partygoers would skate around in pairs, crisscrossing hands so they skated in tandem. Some skated
with their steady girlfriends or boyfriends. (Lehr says he played the field.) They'd also hold
100-yard and 200-yard races, organized by age, or choose up teams and play hockey with homemade
sticks and pucks. Some of Lehr's friends played the flute. "The plaintive notes of the flute
floating over the ice were really something," he says.
The skaters wore stocking caps, coats or jackets, sweaters, woolen pants, long Johns, and of
course, a scarf, usually knitted by a grandmother. Mackinaw jackets were popular with the
boys—hip-length, belted, with two sets of pockets, above and below. Some people brought small
bells that they hung around their necks or placed in their pockets; the bells would ring as they
skated. The skates themselves were blades clamped onto a pair of high-top boots and tightened with a
key that was worn around the neck.
When people got cold or tired, they'd gather around the bonfire to warm up, chat, and roast
marshmallows and hot dogs (the homemade kind, bought at one of the local butcher shops: Kiebler,
Booth, or Haarer). "You could smell those when you got anywhere near the fire," says Lehr. To make
hot cider, they'd heat a poker in the fire, then stick it, sizzling, in a cup. Despite Prohibition,
sometimes they'd manage to get hard cider; it cost 50 cents a gallon and was made mostly by Germans
in the community, who also made wine.
Occasionally, small groups of skaters would walk to town to Mary Singer's saloon (now the Village
Tap), where Lehr worked, to warm up around the potbellied stove. But they always made sure they were
back on the ice by midnight, says Lehr. When Christmas officially arrived, they'd "cheer, hug, and
smooch a little." After another hour or two of skating, they'd finally call it a night.
Saline 1910s-1940s
Christmas plays in one-room schools
Until the 1950s, many children who lived in the country around Saline were educated in one-room
schoolhouses, where a single teacher taught twenty or so students ranging in age from kindergarten
through eighth grade. Residents who attended these schools recall with special fondness their annual
Christmas plays.
The students would rehearse for weeks for the big event. To create a stage, an old curtain was
fastened across the front of the schoolroom. At Lodi Plains School, which once stood on Ann
Arbor-Saline Road, bringing the curtain out from the stockroom was a welcome sign that the holiday
was near. "It was like setting up the Christmas tree," remembers Wayne Clements. "We were all into
the excitement."
Lisle Law attended Judd School on Saline-Milan Road. She remembers Miss Tyce, who lived across
the street, coming over to play the piano while the teacher taught Christmas songs. Dorie Bable,
also a Judd School alum, recalls another neighbor who recited Christmas poetry.
Christmas pictures, collages, and snowflakes decorated the schoolhouse: "We could make
anything—string popcorn, paper chains," says Bable. "We'd use the tinfoil that Salada Tea came in
and cut out stars for sparkle." Parents would pitch in as well, sewing elf and angel costumes and
building scenery out of boxes.The students made invitations for their parents—the Saline Area
Historical Society's archives include a collection of invitations created between 1910 and 1926 by
children at the Sutherland School on Textile Road. They also made presents to give to their parents
on the night of the performance. Law still has a Christmas gift she constructed for her parents: a
picture of a bird that she cut out, colored, then pasted to a piece of glass, with tape around the
edges for a frame.
On the day of the performance, the kids would move their desks to the corners of the room so the
audience could squeeze in. It was a tight fit, as the room was already very full during the day.
While participants remember the theatrical tradition fondly, memories of the actual plots are
hazy. Clements recalls being in a skit about the Wise Men. Law remembers that, as a second grader,
she and the two other students in her grade sang "We Three Kings of Orient Are," turningto gaze at
the star atop the Christmas tree as the song ended. And she recalls that "the bigger boys would get
carried away when singing 'Up on the House Top,' stamping their feet."
Often Santa (presumably someone's father—no one ever questioned him too closely) would visit.
"Each kid got a box of candy, like animal crackers come in today, with a cotton handle in the
middle," remembers Bable. "It was mostly hard candy, and one piece of chocolate. We'd try to open it
at the end with the chocolate. That was the 'prize.'"
Bable remembers that the Judd School parents once turned the tables, putting on their own
Christmas play for the children. Although she's forgotten the plot, she recalls it had something to
do with a mother with a lot of children who wasn't able to get a Christmas tree. The baby of the
family was played by a five-pound bag of sugar wrapped in a blanket.
During the performance, the bag began to leak. Soon everyone was watching the escaping sugar
instead of the play. "It ended with an empty bag and sugar all over," Bable laughs.
Phoenix Packaging has revamped his one-room Saline schoolhouse.
Henry Ford knew how to run a car company, and he thought he knew how to run the country. In his
view, the rural values of his childhood, including education in a one-room schoolhouse, represented
America at its best.
In 1935 Ford turned Saline's Schuyler Mill, on Michigan Avenue, into a soybean processing plant.
Soon after, he moved a dilapidated old school from Macon Road to a site directly across the street.
He intended it for the children of the men who were producing plastics and paints at the restored
mill (today Wellers' banquet facility).
Ford spared no expense to restore the school, complete with cloakroom, potbellied stove, and
two-person desks. He even installed two outhouses (modernized with real plumbing and heating). On
September 7, 1943, Ford attended the opening of the school.
Many of the thirty-five students, who ranged from kindergarten through eighth grade, had tenuous
connections to Ford, or none at all. Allen Rentschler's father was farmer, although his uncle, Carl
Bredernitz, worked at the soybean factory. Bob Cook's father was a Chevrolet dealer. Thelma Wahl
Stremler's dad worked at Bridgewater Lumber.
Like the physical structure, school ac- tivities were a mix of modern and old-fashioned. "We had
the latest books, the latest teaching methods," recalls Cook. The older children often served as
teacher aides. "I helped the younger ones read, but I felt I was just having fun," remembers
Each day started with a chapel service that included recitations by students and hymns led by
Stremler on the piano. At recess children of all ages joined in games such as kickball and softball.
Ford furnished the school with looms of various sizes.
For students and parents, one attraction of the school was free medical and dental care. Both
Rentschler and Stremler got their first eyeglasses thanks to Ford.
The Saline school was one of several Ford built near his small plants. Don Currie, the first
teacher, moved on after a year to become principal of Ford High School in Macon. Clare Collins,
later a shop teacher at Saline High School, took over from Currie.
The one-room school didn't last long. In 1946, Ford, in failing health, decreed that all his
schools would close at the end of the semester. The students returned to public schools; they had
little trouble adjusting. Ford died a year later at age eighty-three.
The Saline public schools were not interested in the building, so it was sold to Elizabeth and
Bruce Parsons. The Parsonses moved the entrance to the side, added a two-story wing with four
bedrooms, and divided the schoolroom into a kitchen, dining room, and living room.
By 2002, when Patricia and Chris Molloy bought the building, a series of owners had let it
deteriorate. The Molloys wanted to turn it into an office for their company, Phoenix Packaging.
After some negotiations with the city, the Molloys agreed on a historic-preservation easement in
exchange for business zoning. In the future, the exteriors of the buildings may not be altered
without the city's permission.
The Molloys carefully preserved and restored what was left of the original school, including the
hardwood doors, floors, and wainscoting. The first floor is their office; they rent the upstairs to
attorney Russell Brown and a separate shed to architect Dan Kohler.
The Molloys have a collection of Ford School pictures on the wall. They acquired an old
potbellied stove but then learned that the Saline Area Historical Society has the school's actual
stove. The Molloys have agreed to a swap. Now they are keeping their eyes out for one of the old
two-seater desks.


text:
SSBM: Castle (Fire Emblem)
Credits & Info
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- Jan 9, 2006 | 2:34 AM EST
- File Info
- Song
- 3 min 51 sec
- Score
- 3.86 / 5.00
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Author Comments
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Awesome job dude.
I loved this song back in the day when i owned many a classmate at the hyrule temple. I would blast them off the screen with roy and then laugh until they just surrendered. Thank you for bringing back the memories.
P.S. The story about me owning is true. I swear on my dead grandpa's grave.
Rated 5 / 5 stars
This Song Kicks ass man! I would have liked to hear some chords in their but still overall 10
Rated 4.5 / 5 stars
Helloooo childhood
Man... I should stop listening to the video game section of the audio portal, or I'll spend the rest of my holidays playing all the oldies :X
Very good remix, like it a lot.
Rated 5 / 5 stars
fukn great
5 and a iO's 4 u man this is fukn great
Rated 4.5 / 5 stars
awesome sweet . finally good songs on NGs
Ohh.... man this is sweet . oh yeah . man this is great to listen when you too when youre about to get the game thas right SEPT. 1st my birthday (BIRTHDAY=GAMECUBE) well gcs for last years birthday this year is WII sweet. OOHHHH.... yeah sorry great song

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Good morning guys, i've been in the market for a cross bike to use for urban transportation, greenway riding, and light off road capabilities.
I've been in contact with an owner of a custom 09 Kona Jake. here are the specs.
09 Kona Jake - frame has been stripped and powder coated black.
Size 56
Standover - 814
Salsa Wood Chipper dropbar
Salsa bar tape
Thomson Seatpost
TRP V Brakes
Truvativ 10 speed crank
Ultegra 10 speed cassette
105 front brake and shifter
Ultegra rear shifter
Hubs - Front: Formula, Rear: Shimano Tiagra (stock)
Rims - Alex AT450 (stock)
Tires - Victoria Randonneur Pro Road Touring Tire. 700x35
My standover is 850. I'm 6'0" 190lbs.
We are in negotiation for $550 for the bike w/o pedals. obviously after inspection, but i was just curious if there is anything I should be on the lookout for or if this seems like a good deal. Seller is the second owner, an experienced mtb racer and mechanic. Just has too many bikes to ride and maintain.


text:
This is gonna be long, but I want to make sure you ladies get all the info so you can hopefully help.
Ok, for almost a month now, Marchie has been sleeping like crap. He wakes up several times a night. Usually for one or two we can let him cry it out for a minute and he gets back to sleep. But we have downstairs neighbors so if he gets too loud we have to go get him. Once I get him, I can sing and rock him and usually get him back to sleep but as soon as I try to put him down, he freaks and screams. The only way to get him back to sleep is to either sleep on the floor in his room with him or let him sleep with us, which means DH and I get crappy sleep and LO gets mediocre sleep at best.
We cut off the tv and computer an hour before bedtime, we do bath and then play with him for awhile. Then we brush his teeth and go pee, read books and sing a couple lullabies, We have a pretty set bedtime routine that we've had almost since his birth. We put on a fan for white noise since his windows face a busy street and a lullaby CD on a loop.
He started climbing out of the crib a few months ago and nothing could keep him in so we put up the toddler rail on the convertible crib. Ever since then, he won't sleep in it, he sleeps on the floor right in front of the door. He loves Cars so we got him a little Cars toddler bed thinking it might be more fun and entice him to sleep in it. No dice. I think it's being on the floor that's waking him up. He gets uncomfortable and cold and can hear noises from the apartment downstairs. He'll often let us put him to bed in one of the beds but then within 5 minutes we hear him thunk against the door.
I tried cutting out nap time but that didn't work, he still slept like crap and by 6 he was a monster and exhausted but if I put him to bed then, he was up at 3 am and ready to play. I tried pushing nap earlier so he was awake for more than 4 hours before bedtime, didn't help. I tried just letting him stay up until later but he still woke up several times, and then I got absolutely no time to myself or alone with hubby.
We tried putting up a gate instead of the door but the lights and stuff kept him up. We tried sitting in front of his bed and putting him back when he got up, no talking or anything. Worked after 30-40 minutes of doing that, but as soon as we left, it was back to the door.
So, I'm completely out of ideas. Can anyone suggest anything that might get this kid to sleep through the night again??? Or to keep him in his damn bed?


text:
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text:
is brought to you by the Country Bounty Classifieds. When you want your classified ad to reach over 18,000 strong, you need to have it in the Country Bounty Classifieds. Classified Deadline is every Thursday at 1:00pm. Visa and Mastercard are accepted. Call it in at 307-674-4312, mail it in, or stop by their new location at 303 S. Main, Ste. 201, Sheridan. The Country Bounty is a Sheridan Media Publication.
Swap shop is your program to buy, sell or trade items.
If you would like to be on Swap Shop, please keep the following rules in mind:
Please, no businesses. If you have a business ID#, or offer your services as a regular means of business, you are not allowed to call in. Please call the Sheridan Media office at 672-7421 for regular radio advertising rates.
Friday, May 6th
Write-In: 5-06-2016
FS: 2 Allis Chalmers mode L 1200, 21ft pull type field cultivators. One13 A manual fold with gauge wheels and new 8" shovels, has new tires, $1500. One 13 A hydraulic fold with gauge wheels and serviceable 6 inch shovels, has new transport tires, $3000. Call: 406-554-3413 or 406-554-3431 before 7 am or after 7 pm. VIII
All items for sale:
1. Amish heater, used very little, one year old, $150
2. 16" Chris Craft boat, trailer, brand new 75 hours power motor. $1500
3. Antique 36's Zenith transatlantic radio, like new
4. Mr. Heater portable propane with 3500 BTU capacity $125, used several times
5. Earl 1920s steel wheel wagon, $150 obo
Call: 655-5874 or 763-0981, leave a message, phone service not the best. VIII
FS: twin bed set with frame, clean and in great condition. $20 obo
Call: 307-673-4917 III
Methodist Men's Parking lot sale on Saturday, May 14th from 8 am until 1 pm at the Methodist Church, 215 W. Works. Items include toys, kitchen wares, furniture, outdoor items, and more. Space/tables are available- $10 for one of $15 for two. Breakfast and lunch will also be available for purchase. For more information or to rent a table call the church at 672-9779. III
Kalif's Vidalia onions are in and available starting today. Onions will be available at the Farmer's Co-op, Warehouse Market, First Interstate Parking lot, the corner of Highland and Lewis street.
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4: C.R. Sadler signed print $100
5. 2003 Chevy Silverado 2500 4x4 $5100 or assume the bank note.
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Looking to buy any old classic project cars or trucks, any make or model, in any condition.
WTD: Yard work and cut and remove any trees or limbs
Parting out 1997 Plymouth Voyager
Will cut and remove any trees or limbs.
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3. GA: utility trailer, Chevy box, needs tires
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Call: 751-7909, leave message I
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FS: picnic table
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call: 751-3940
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FS: 10" table saw
call: 752-4396


text:
- Feb 29:
- Bills inspired by Aurora theater shooting trial meet different fates
- Nov 25:
- "Theater 8" proposes healing look at Aurora shooting tragedy in film
- Sep 5:
- Youngest Aurora theater shooting victim sworn in as police officer
- Apr 13:
- Aurora theater shooting trial jury to be selected on Tuesday
- Apr 10:
- Jury selection winding down in Colorado theater shooting
- Feb 9:
- Jail video at center of hearing in Aurora movie theater shooting trial
- Jan 20:
- Jury selection begins in long-awaited Aurora theater shooting trial
- Jan 19:
- Aurora theater shooting trial could strain limits of jury service
- Jury selection will play key role in theater shooting trial outcome
- Jan 14:
- Theater shooting judge denies trial delay, jurors report Tuesday
- Jan 8:
- Theater shooting defense wants jurors to see videos, book passages
- Jan 6:
- Aurora theater shooting judge denies bids for extra evidence sharing
- Dec 31:
- Aurora theater shooting prosecutors say defense must turn over reports
Mail intended for Aurora theater-shooting suspect James Holmes has been forwarded to a Pennsylvania man known for filing lawsuits against celebrities, and postal inspectors have launched an investigation.
"A change of address for Holmes had been filed that may be fraudulent," said Denver U.S. Postal Inspector Pamela Durkee. "Upon hearing this, we immediately notified the Postal Service, and the forwarding order was canceled."
Jonathan Riches of West Chester, Pa., posted on Facebook a picture of a magazine originally sent to Holmes' address on Paris Street in Aurora that also bears a post office issued forwarding sticker addressed to Holmes at Riches' address.
Riches could not be reached for comment.
Read more of the article Postal Service probes possible "fraudulent" forwarding of Holmes' mail and watch video at 9News.com.


text:
New Heights by KitchikiWatch
©2012-2016 Kitchiki
This is cool
daaw how cute <3
Yeahj <3
I'd probably have the same reaction. XDD
Awww, love this! Hahaha, her expression is great!
great job, and a really good idea too
Awww...hugs please ^^
excelent idea!
So cute! What a neat idea!
LOL! Oh no! Poor other kitty!!!
yayayayajkshdkjhdajkah XDD Haha Kit this is freaking adorable, I absolutely adore their expressions..boo looks like she's gonna cream her pants XD hahaha! Araraa I love this so much Kit! Thanks for this you're the best <333
really adorable! <3 haha i wondered where the wings were at x'D
that lion is like me, afraid of highs 0.0"
Awwwww! This is so adorable!!!!
Don't worry Boo, I'm scared of heights too!
So's Rook! XD
Great work Kitchi!
Don't worry Boo, I'm scared of heights too!
So's Rook! XD
Great work Kitchi!
haha XD she is! Thanks
The colors on this are so pretty.
haha Awesome
Kitchiki: I CAN SHOW YOU THE WOOOORLD~
Boo: I DONT WANNA SEE IT
Boo: I DONT WANNA SEE IT
Those faces. xD
Hahahaahahaha! XDDD
And soon Boo will be dead, if not from falling then from loosing breath XD This made me smile haha, great pic Kitkit <3
hehe, :'D Kit has better realize this soon!! xD thanks Frozbutt <3
Wow, this is an absolutely awesome drawing!
I love it!
I love it!


text:
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We take a look at the state the Jersey Shore's in six months after superstorm Sandy left long stretches of the coast devastated. Governor Christie and federal officials are expected to announce today the first wave of federal recovery spending … Continue reading
Posted in 2013 Election, Chris Christie, Economy, Superstorm Sandy, Taxes and Budget Tagged 2013 election, Chris Christie, superstorm Sandy, tax cuts
Morning news: Christie pushes for income tax credit plan
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Christie toughens talk on tax cuts
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Posted in Chris Christie, Taxes and Budget Tagged Assembly, Chris Christie, Robert Schroeder, tax cuts
Christie pushes for ethics reforms at South Amboy event
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DeCA scholarship deadline nears
February 24, 2014
By Sarah Pacheco, Hawaii Army Weekly, U.S. Army Garrison-Hawaii
Related Links
SCHOFIELD BARRACKS, Hawaii (Feb. 21, 2014) -- Applications for the 2014 Scholarships for Military Children Program must be turned in to a commissary by close of business Friday, Feb. 28.
Packages must be hand-delivered or shipped via U.S. Postal Service or other delivery method, not emailed or faxed.
According to Gregory McGruder, store director, Schofield Barracks Commissary, sales at the Schofield store have increased in the past year, meaning there is more money available to go toward this year's awards.
An applicant must be an unmarried child of an active duty, Reserve or Guard service member, or a retiree; the survivor of a military member who died while on active duty; or a survivor of a retiree.
Applicants should ensure both they and their sponsor are enrolled in the Defense Enrollment Eligibility Reporting System database and have a military ID card.
All applicants must be younger than 21 years of age, or younger than 23 years if the applicant is a full-time student at a college or university. In either case, the applicant must attend or plan to attend an accredited college or university full time in fall 2014, or be enrolled in studies designed to transfer to a four-year program.
Students or sponsors can call Scholarship Managers, a national nonprofit scholarship-management services organization that awards the scholarships, at (856) 616-9311 or email email@example.com.


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|Hospital Quality
|Patient Satisfaction
|Appointments & Offices
7 Tips to Prepare for Your Appointment
The key to a successful appointment is communication. To get the most out of your visit, prepare ahead of time so you can lead the conversation with your doctor. These 7 tips will get you ready
Appointments & Offices
Check insurance plans, locations and make an appointment
Is Dr. Baig accepting new patients?
If you are a new patient, please check with Dr. Baig before scheduling an appointment.
What insurance does she accept?*
- Aetna
- Blue Cross Blue Shield
- Blue Cross Blue Shield of Florida
- Cigna
- First Health (Coventry Health Care)
Office Locations
- Mohammed I Baig Md
- Plantation Office
- 4100 S Hospital Dr Ste 300
- Plantation, FL 33317
- (954) 797-0601 (Office)
- (954) 797-1466 (Fax)


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Ryan Phillippe's Ex Gets Lawyer HappyChris Rogers
Ryan Phillippe's ex-girlfriend, Alexis Knapp who also happens to be pregnant with his child, has lawyered herself up.
Knapp claims that her unborn baby is that of Phillippe's and the actor has said that he will take a DNA test as soon as the baby is born.
Knapp has gone ahead and hired Mark Vincent Kaplan to represent her.
Kaplan represented Kevin Federline in his custody case with Britney Spears.
What do you think Knapp is after? Money? Or is she simply protecting her unborn child?
Article Posted 5 years Ago


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"put pen to paper to tell his tale"? Really? How wonderfully archaic if he did. Oh, and don't forget, Amazon are tax-dodgers, so if anybody buys it from them they're conspiring with them to evade legitimate taxes.
Wednesday, January 30, 2013