text:
The TED Blog posted an interesting interview with Catarina Mota on open hardware. She talks about how she came to be involved with open hardware, why it's a good thing for us be in control of our hardware, and why some people still see open source and open hardware as a bad thing. She also talks about hackerspaces and their contributions to the open source and open hardware communities.
Monthly Archives: November 2012
Electronics and Embedded Design Books
Here's a quick status update on the site. I've started revising the old resource pages, beginning with the Books and References page. Most of the books listed were out of print or old editions, so I've started replacing them with comparable books that are currently available. The list is pretty short at present, I'd love to get some input on recommended books you'd consider essential for an open hardware designer. Post a comment below and let me know what to add. Some CC or GFDL licensed ebooks would be really nice if anyone knows of any.
Also, I've put up a poll to get some input on what sort of Open Hardware project readers are most interested in seeing. This first poll is to find a general direction for a project and once we get enough input, I'll put up another to narrow down some features. You can find the poll in the right column of page. If you haven't picked an option yet, please do.
Olimex OLinuXino: Fast and Open
The PCWorld website posted an article about the open hardware Olimex OLinuXino single board computer. The article compares it to the Raspberry Pi, noting that the while Raspberry Pi hypes their board as open hardware, they have not released their CAD files or complete schematics yet and utilize components that are not available in small quantities. Olimex designed the OLinuXino board to address some of these concerns. All CAD files and complete schematics are available and they use an easy to find CPU. They use the Creative Commons Share-Alike license for all hardware and the GNU GPL license for all software associated with the OLinXino. The board uses a faster CPU than the Raspberry Pi and runs Android, debian, and other GNU/Linux distros. They also tout the board as being noise immune and working in industrial environments with a temperature range of -25 C to 85 C. The OLinuXino uses the standard nano-ITX form factor. The board is priced at 45 Euros (about $57). One point where we'd have to say the Raspberry Pi wins is on the name. It's unclear how to pronounce OLinuXino, which can't be good from a marketing standpoint.
So what about the actual specifications?
- A13 Cortex A8 processor at 1GHz, 3D Mali400 GPU
- 6-16VDC input power supply, noise immune design
- 3 + 1 USB hosts, 3 available for users, 1 leads to onboard pinout
- 1 USB OTG which can power the board
- SD-card connector for booting the Linux image
- VGA video output
- LCD signals available on connector so you still can use LCD if you diasble VGA/HDMI
- Audio output
- Microphone input
- RTC PCF8536 on board for real time clock and alarms
- 5 Keys on board for android navigation
- UEXT connector for connecting addtional UEXT modules like Zigbee, Bluetooth, Relays, etc
- GPIO connector with 68/74 pins and these signals:
- 17 for adding NAND flash;
- 22 for connecting LCDs;
- 20+4 including 8 GPIOs which can be input, output, interrupt sources;
- 3x I2C;
- 2x UARTs;
- SDIO2 for connectinf SDcards and modules;
- 5 system pins: +5V, +3.3V, GND, RESET, NMI
- Optional low-cost 7″ LCD with touchscreen
How Open Hardware will Take Over the World
Nathan Seidle of SparkFun gave an interesting talk at TEDxBoulder about the open hardware business model SparkFun has and offers it as a better model than the innovation-stifling models that rely on patents to suppress competition. It's a great example of a successful business based on copyleft principles, showing that it's possible to make money while still protecting the user's freedoms.
Extended list of 8-bit AVR Micro-Controllers, easily programmable with the Arduino IDE
via Wolf Paulus » Embedded
A couple days back, I wrote about 'The $3 Arduino', how to leave the Arduino board behind and program an ATmega168 Micro-Controller directly, still using the Arduino IDE but with the AVRMSPII programmer. Of course, the ATmega168 isn't the only MC available for something like that. In fact, I have quite a few 8-bit AVR Micro-Controllers in a small box right here, next to my desk.
Let's minimize the 'Minimal Arduino' even more, for instance by using the tiny ATtiny85 Microcontroller. Just like we did with the 'BareBones' definition, we add board definitions for the Mircocontrollers that the Arduino IDE doesn't support out-of-the-box. Board definition for the missing MCs can be found here and after moving the
attiny folder into the
~/Document/Arduino/hardware folder and restartig the Arduino IDE, the IDE should now know about the new MCs. More details about this can be read here.
Minimizing the Minimal Arduino
Now that the Arduino IDE knows about the really tiny ATtiny85, we can set it's internal clock to 8Mhz and flash a small program.
To flash the chip, we use the SPI (MOSI/MISO/SCK) Pins like shown here:
- RSET -> ATtiny85-Pin 1
- GND -> ATtiny85-Pin 4
- MOSI -> ATtiny85-Pin 5
- MISO -> ATtiny85-Pin 6
- SCK -> ATtiny85-Pin 7
- +5V -> ATtiny85-Pin 8
Switching the Internal Clock to 8MHz
Using the Fuse Calculator we can find the proper ATtiny85 fuse settings, to use the internal RC Oscillator and setting it to 8Mhz.
The avrdude arguments look something like this: -U lfuse:w:0xe2:m -U hfuse:w:0xdf:m -U efuse:w:0xff:m
Avrdude is one of the tools that the Arduino IDE deploys on your computer. You can either execute Avrdude with those arguments directly, like so:
avrdude -p t85 -b 115200 -P usb -c avrispmkII -V -e -U lfuse:w:0xe2:m -U hfuse:w:0xdf:m -U efuse:w:0xff:m
or just execute the 'Burn Bootloader' command in the Arduino IDE's Tools menu.
While this will NOT burn a bootloader on the ATtiny85 chip, it will set the fuses appropriately. Either way, this step needs to be performed only once.
With the microcontroller still connected to the AT-AVR-ISP2 programmer, a simple program can be quickly uploaded:
int p = 3; // LED connected to digital pin 13 void setup() { pinMode(p, OUTPUT); // sets the digital pin as output } void loop() { digitalWrite(p, HIGH); // sets the LED on delay(100); // .. for 10th of a sec digitalWrite(p, LOW); // sets the LED off again delay(1000); // waits for a second digitalWrite(p, HIGH); // sets the LED on delay(500); // .. for 1/2 a sec digitalWrite(p, LOW); // sets the LED off again delay(500); // .. for 1/2 a second }
ATtiny2313 ($2.00)
The high-performance, low-power Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller combines 2KB ISP flash memory, 128B ISP EEPROM, 128B internal SRAM, universal serial interface (USI), full duplex UART, and debugWIRE for on-chip debugging. The device supports a throughput of 20 MIPS at 20 MHz and operates between 2.7-5.5 volts.
By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the device achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz, balancing power consumption and processing speed.
ATtiny84 ($3.00)
The high-performance, low-power Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller combines 8KB ISP flash memory, 512B EEPROM, 512-Byte SRAM, 12 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers, an 2 timers/counters (8-bit/16-bit) with two PWM channels each, internal and external interrupts, 8-channel 10-bit A/D converter, programmable gain stage (1x, 20x) for 12 differential ADC channel pairs, programmable watchdog timer with internal oscillator, internal calibrated oscillator, and four software selectable power saving modes.
ATtiny85 ($1.00)
The high-performance, low-power Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller combines 8KB ISP flash memory, 512B EEPROM, 512-Byte SRAM, 6 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers, one 8-bit timer/counter with compare modes, one 8-bit high speed timer/counter, USI, internal and external Interrupts, 4-channel 10-bit A/D converter, programmable watchdog timer with internal oscillator, three software selectable power saving modes, and debugWIRE for on-chip debugging. The device achieves a throughput of 20 MIPS at 20 MHz and operates between 2.7-5.5 volts.
ATmega8 ($2.00)
The low-power Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller combines 8KB of programmable flash memory, 1KB of SRAM, 512K EEPROM, and a 6 or 8 channel 10-bit A/D converter. The device supports throughput of 16 MIPS at 16 MHz and operates between 2.7-5.5 volts.
ATmega168 ($4.00)
The high-performance, low-power Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller combines 16KB ISP flash memory, 1KB SRAM, 512B EEPROM, an 8-channel/10-bit A/D converter (TQFP and QFN/MLF), and debugWIRE for on-chip debugging. The device supports a throughput of 20 MIPS at 20 MHz and operates between 2.7-5.5 volts.
ATmeaga328 ($5.00)
The high-performance Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller combines 32KB ISP flash memory with read-while-write capabilities, 1KB EEPROM, 2KB SRAM, 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers, three flexible timer/counters with compare modes, internal and external interrupts,serial programmable USART, a byte-oriented 2-wire serial interface, SPI serial port, 6-channel 10-bit A/D converter (8-channels in TQFP and QFN/MLF packages), programmable watchdog timer with internal oscillator, and five software selectable power saving modes. The device operates between 1.8-5.5 volts.
|Flash (KB)
|SRAM (Bytes)
|EEPROM (Byte)
|ADC Chnnl (10bit)
|PWM Chnnl
Welcome Back to FreeIO.org!
Today marks the official relaunch of FreeIO.org's website! When Marty founded the site back in March of 2000, he envisioned it as the center of a community interested in hardware freedom. He contributed to that community by developing some of the early free hardware designs and releasing them on this site under the GNU GPL. Marty's designs were perhaps best know for his unique penchant of naming each board after a different breakfast treat.
Marty passed away on October 25, 2007. But before he lost his battle with pancreatic cancer, Marty passed on all his hardware prototypes, development gear, and this website to me. I'm Steve, better known as Steevithak online. I've kept Marty's original FreeIO.org website intact and online since then, while I pondered what to do with it.
The time has come to get things rolling again and I'm starting with a relaunch of the website. Marty's free hardware designs are still here and hopefully we'll find volunteers to work on new hardware projects to add. I'll also start updating the resource pages to make them more useful again. Meanwhile, I've decided to make the site more immediately useful by aggregating all the free hardware and open hardware news, so members of the open hardware community can have one central place to find out what's going on.
We're tracking news from the Open Source Hardware User Group, the Open Source Hardware Association, the Open Source Hardware and Design Alliance, and Open Collector. I'm also following blogs for major open source hardware projects like Arduino and Raspberry Pi. To round it out, we'll have postings of general interest to hardware hackers such as application notes and new product releases from component vendors. If you can think of any cool free/open hardware blogs or news sources we should add, post a comment below. In fact, comments of any sort on how we can make the website more useful to the community are welcome.


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Lawmen in the medieval times get a bad rap. Sure they went overboard with the disembowling. But when it came to petty criminals, 11th-century folk knew how to prevent repeat offenders: Just put 'em in the stocks.
This man will think twice before peeing in public again.
That's the punishment that should be meted out to the Port Angeles man or woman who called in a fake police shooting on Saturday night. In light of the recent murders of four officers in Lakewood and Seattle cop Timothy Brenton, when Port Angeles PD heard of an "officer-involved shooting" at a Chinese restaurant they brought the cavalry, including the county Sheriff and Border Patrol.
After they found out it was a hoax, Port Angeles opened a criminal investigation. Here's hoping they catch the person responsible. Then sentence them to weeks of public humiliation, rotten tomatoes to the face and taunts from small children.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
0 Votes
So it's definitely a user issue. Does the user have permission to VPN in? As above, have you reset the password and tried typing the username and password in yourself?
Is there any more detail in the event log? What about the VPN endpoint - is there logging that you can check out at the server end?


text:
What is RM Cash
Overall customer review score:
Return to Trik Topz Bullet Tip Valve Caps Product Page
Reviews by real power sport enthusiasts...your opinion counts to us and fellow riders! Make the best purchasing decision by getting the latest reviews.
Each review submitted enters you into a $100 gift card monthly drawing, and a $500 gift card quarterly drawing!
Comments On Aug 07, 2014:I bought these to help make my new plastics & graphics pop on my buggy. These valve caps that look like bullets are perfect!
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Comments On Apr 08, 2014:I noticed that my front wheel would hop some after being installed, but I didn't mind as I didn't notice it unless I was wide open on the highway. Makes the rim have a gold ring while spinning, which I thought looked sweet. Go ahead a buy it if you dare. lol
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Comments On Aug 06, 2013:Look great
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Comments On May 31, 2013:I love these caps! Ive had them on 2 quads and they look awesome on black rims.
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Comments On Jul 07, 2012:They look really cool but they never mentioned they only came with two per pack.
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Comments On Oct 07, 2009:they look good and stay on. bout all ya really need!
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I want to complain about this content:
Fenscape & popeye, shame on you! Or rather I should say congratulations for getting through uncensored! Now we know why the EDP has been so biased and no criticism of SB was allowed. I am no fan of the way he has handled the police budget, in particular the unrestrained council tax rises, but let's not forget he was the chairman when te NPA appointed that 'highflyer' who left to go to London to investigate some shadey media empire and ended up working for it.
Thursday, November 22, 2012
Partly Cloudy
max temp: 10°C
min temp: 3°C
Digital Edition
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digital edition


text:
Well, I can finally declare victory on my goal of making $300 per month in passive income via my squash equipment site.
The site's revenue so far in 2015 is $3,799, so I'm over the bogey of $3,600 per year. I had a feeling I'd get it done this year, because last year it brought in $3,570 — so close!
It took almost 2 years to reach this goal. I guess that took longer than I thought it would. Maybe that's to be expected though, since I did not include a deadline when I set my original goal. I'm happy with that, because I wanted to spend time making the site better. Interesting to consider the importance of the deadline, though.
I guess it's time for a new goal. Here goes:
I'm now increasing the passive income from my squash site, which helps educate people about squash equipment, to $500 per month by December 31, 2016.


text:
North Cove Three Horseshoes
previously known as Horse Shoes
Real Ale
Old Lowestoft Rd, NR34 7PH
01502 476601
grid reference TM 460 893
(details under review)
opening hours:
- "spring hours"
- Mon-Thu: 1200-1400, 1800-2230
- Fri-Sun: "all day"
food times:
- Mon-Thu: 1200-1400, 1830-2000
- Fri-Sat: 1200-1430, 1830-2030
- Sun: 1200-1430, 1830-2000
listed building grade II
View in Google Earth
Local licensing authority for North Cove is Waveney district
CAMRA North-East Suffolk branch.
last updated 03/07/2015
Characterful old pub with several distinct drinking areas, two restaurant areas and a large log fire.
The pub is set off the main Beccles Road, hidden behind trees on the old Beccles Road.
Built mid 17th century with an 18th century extension.
Lunchtime meals (not just snacks)
Evening meals
Restaurant or separate dining area
Traditional pub games available
Real coal or log fire
Dogs are welcome
Children are welcome
Accommodation available
Pub is accessible to disabled customers
Railway station about 2.6 miles away (see public transport tab for details)
Quiet pub - no electronic games, piped music or jukebox
WiFi available (a charge may apply)
Car park
Beer garden or other outside drinking area
(Most pub, location & historic details collated by Nigel, Tony or Keith - original sources are credited)


text:
An excerpt from www.HouseOfNames.com archives copyright © 2000 - 2016
Origins Available: English, French
The first bearer of the name Blanchard most likely took on this name based on an early member of the family who was a person with a whitish, or white appearance having derived from the Old French word blanchart. Experts theorize that Blanchard may have also been a nickname for someone with an exceptionally pure character, since white was the symbolic color of purity during the Middle Ages.
There are many spelling variations of Breton surnames, because the Old and Middle English languages lacked definite spelling rules. The official court languages, which were Latin and French, were also influential on the spelling of a surname. Since the spelling of surnames was rarely consistent in medieval times, and scribes and church officials recorded names as they sounded rather than adhering to any specific spelling rules, it was common to find references to one individual with many different spellings of their surname in the ancient chronicles. Moreover, a large number of foreign names were brought into England, which accelerated and accentuated the alterations to the spelling of various surnames. The name has been spelled Blanchard, Blanchaud and others.
First found in Lancashire where they held a family seat from early times at Grimsbargh Hall.
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Blanchard research. Another 205 words (15 lines of text) covering the years 1651 and 1790 are included under the topic Early Blanchard History in all our PDF Extended History products.
Another 89 words (6 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Blanchard Notables in all our PDF Extended History products.
Records show the name Blanchard in some of the earliest immigrant records of North America:
Blanchard Settlers in United States in the 17th Century
Blanchard Settlers in United States in the 18th Century
Blanchard Settlers in United States in the 19th Century
Blanchard Settlers in Canada in the 17th Century
Blanchard Settlers in Canada in the 18th Century
Blanchard Settlers in Canada in the 19th Century
Blanchard Settlers in Australia in the 19th Century
Blanchard Settlers in New Zealand in the 19th Century
The Blanchard Family Crest was acquired from the Houseofnames.com archives. The Blanchard Family Crest was drawn according to heraldic standards based on published blazons. We generally include the oldest published family crest once associated with each surname.
This page was last modified on 13 March 2016 at 16:29.
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Daily Dish - Wednesday August 24, 2011
by Daily Dish
posted Aug 24 2011 5:27AM
Will Smith and Jada
are NOT splittig up!
Thank Goodness..there were some crazy reports yesterday that the couple had decided to call it quits...
There were some reports that Jada hooked up with Marc Anthony on their show HAWTHORNE...wouldnt that be a kicker.
Amy Winehouse
tribute is set to happen at the VMAs and guess who is going to be a part of it....TONY BENNET. Tony recorded a song "Body and Soul" with Tony shortly before her death at Abby Rd. Studios in London. Tony says Amy was " one of the most honest musicians I have ever known"
Katie Courics new show is set to debut on SEPT. 6th...and its called....wait for it.." KATIE"
How many brainstorming meetings you think they had to have before they came up with that one?
Rumors are circulating that
had Cherice kicked off of GLEE. Cherice plays SUNSHINE and she's the one with the MOST amazing voice of all time. Turns out Leah thought there was only room for ONE star...and that star...was her.
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- Homepage >
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Fort Leonard Wood Soldier wins coveted MacArthur Leadership award
March 29, 2012
FORT LEONARD WOOD, Mo. -- Out of thousands, only 14 active-duty Soldiers Army-wide had what it takes to win the prestigious Gen. Douglas MacArthur Leadership Award this year -- two of them from the U. S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, one of them from Fort Leonard Wood.
Capt. Charles Mallard, Company A commander, 787th Military Police Battalion, 14th Military Police Brigade thought just being nominated was honor enough and attributes his new award to his fellow Soldiers.
"It's a great honor. We have a lot of great people within this battalion and Fort Leonard Wood. I was happy just to be nominated. I may be the one receiving the award but this is absolutely a team effort," Mallard said. "It's a credit to the people I work with."
The Gen. Douglas MacArthur Leadership Award recognizes company grade officers who demonstrate the ideals for which Gen, MacArthur stood -- duty, honor, country.
This distinguished award isn't the first for Mallard. Among his numerous leadership awards in 2004, he was selected as Fort Leonard Wood's Drill Sergeant of the Year.
He said the awards are nice, but they are just icing on the cake for his career. Mallard prides himself most with turning civilians into Warriors.
"I don't come to work every day to win Drill Sergeant of the Year or the Gen. MacArthur Leadership Award. I come to work because our young Soldiers deserve a leader that cares about them and about what they are going to train on that day," Mallard said. "A commander in TRADOC has the duty of training the newest enlisted members of our Army. The cadre and I take this very seriously."
His next assignment will also be here at Fort Leonard Wood. He was happy to be assigned to Combined Arms Tactical Directorate teaching Basic Officer Leadership Course for the U.S. Army Military Police School.
"I think Fort Leonard Wood is the premiere training installation in TRADOC," Mallard said.
Mallard said he has obtained much of his knowledge about leadership from watching the superiors he has been blessed with during his 16 years in the Army.
"Currently my mentor is Lt. Col. (Randall) Thrash. He says being a higher rank is not about taking care of yourself, but an opportunity to effect more people positively," Mallard said.
Thrash, 787th Military Police Battalion commander, believes Mallard was an obvious choice to nominate for the leadership award.
"Capt. Mallard exemplifies Gen. Douglas MacArthur's hallowed words: Duty, Honor, Country -- what you ought to be, what you can be, what you will be. He always demonstrates what right looks like, whether on duty or off duty. I have never met a more competent, confident or compassionate leader in my 23 years of service," Thrash said.
As a former Gen. MacArthur Award winner himself, Thrash was overjoyed when word arrived that Mallard was chosen this year.
"The feeling of pride was ten-fold what I felt when I won the Gen. MacArthur Award back in 2000, because this is for one of my Soldiers who gives 110 percent every day," Thrash said. "Not only is Capt. Mallard an exemplary leader, he is an admirable person."
Mallard hopes his passion for leadership will rub off on other Soldiers.
"Everything you do is observed. Everything is important. If you take every task, no matter how small, and properly plan it, resource it and execute it then you are going to be successful in life," Mallard said. "Care every day. Do what you do because it's the right thing to do."
Mallard said being a positive role model and portraying the Army in a positive way is why he wakes up in the morning.
"When we are done with the Army we will look back and see how many people we positively effected. For me, that is a measure of success in life. The awards are nice, but we don't do what we do for the awards," Mallard said.
Mallard and his family are planning to attend the official Gen. Douglas MacArthur Leadership Award ceremony in Washington, D.C. this spring.


text:
Morning Links
41.5 percent of D.C.-area residents will leave town for the holidays. [Post]
Big-spending UDC president ousted. [City Desk]
Speed limits won't go up after all. [WJLA]
D.C. statehood becomes a symbolic gesture. [Post]
9th Street NW is all the rage. [UrbanTurf]
A few ways to make housing more affordable. [GGW]
The Silver Line could make things tougher for Arlington. [Sun Gazette]
A historic alley building faces a death threat. [Preserving DC Stables]
Today on the market: Live like a rendering in Dupont


text:
Descriptionemanuelle is a handheld silhouette we revisit again and again. why? because it's the ideal size for carrying around the essentials while you're painting the town red. our newest interpretation is patent leather covered with a musical piano print that may inspire you to tickle the ivories.
Shipping & Returns
- 6''h x 9''w x 1''d
- drop length: 15''
- patent cowhide with matching trim
- 14-karat light gold plated hardware
- custom woven musical notes printed on faille lining
- handheld frame with clasp closure and hidden snake chain
- interior zip compartment
- dust bag included
- imported
- style # pxru4959
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The art of holding on to the doors or rear of a car or truck while the driver drags you through the snow.
There's some snow outside, let's get the truck and go urban skiing down the street.
af Itlnstal2 18. januar 2009
Skriv din email-adresse nedenunder for at få Dagens Urban Ord gratis hver morgen!
Emails sendes fra email@example.com. Vi lover ikke at spamme dig.×


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Policy Backgrounders
Policy Backgrounders are designed as briefing papers on public policy issues for people with limited time and a need to know about public policy issues.
Does Punishment Deter?
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The next quarter century of capitalism promises a silent boom - a rapid economic advance that will improve everyday life but elude the regular readings of the economy's vital signs. Statistical tools…
The Economy's Good News: The Upside of Downsizing
Job losses are less harmful than they are often thought to be. To the contrary, the upside of downsizing lies in a reinvigorated economy. Indeed, the layoffs of the early 1990s can teach important les…
The Marriage Penalty
A marriage penalty results when a married couple pay more taxes by filing jointly than they would pay if each spouse could file as a single person. A couple face the marriage penalty only when both sp…
The 1997 Budget Deal - What It Means to Taxpayers
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Some environmentalists portrayed congressional attempts to modify clean air, clean water and safe drinking-water laws as giving corporations license to pollute and to endanger America's children. Othe…


text:
Exploring the Amazon: Five Uniquely Different Wonder Woman Comics
Which Green Lantern has butterfly-like wings and which one comes from Muscaria?
Mark Chiarello: Artist by Design
We've spoken a lot about the editorial side of yesterday's historic announcement, with our editors Bob Harras and Eddie Berganza taking lead on things like new stories and finding the perfect writers to handle each of our books. I'd also like to call attention the visual side of this major initiative.
The first interview about today's historic announcement
USA TODAY has the exclusive first interviews about the decision to launch 52 first issues over a five week period, the designing of more than 50 new costumes and what it all means for the World's Greatest Superheroes.
Medphyll and Penelops--Plant and Aquatic Green Lanterns
What Corps member is warden of the Sciencells? And who weighs 1265 lbs?
A Note From the DC Comics Co-Publishers: We Hate Secrets
DC Comics Announces Historic Renumbering of All Superhero Titles and Landmark Day-and-Date Digital Distribution
This year, change is in the air at DC Comics.
Jock's process art for the cover of DETECTIVE COMICS #881
We've had a lot of fun showing off behind-the-scenes material from artists Jock and Francesco Francavilla from their current classic-in-the-making run on Detective Comics with Scott Snyder.


text:
Stocking a 90 Gallon
Hello everyone.. first time poster on here, just wanted to bounce some ideas off of you guys. Just to clarify certain things, I've had aquariums for six years, starting with fresh then moving to salt. I have four tanks, all salt.. I have a 10 gallon for sea horses, a 45 with a nice community set up, a 220 with a baby hammerhead.. I also work at the largest salt and freshwater fish retailer and wholesaler in Hawaii.. I'm working on a setting up a 90 gallon community tank and wanted some suggestions. It will be a FOWLR/S.. Here is what I'm intending to keep for sure:
1 Raccoon Butterfly
1 Achilles Tang
1 Blue Hippo Tang
1 Flame Hawk
1 Zebra Eel
A list of what I would like to keep, but unsure of:
1 Porcupine Puffer/Blue Boxfish (either or)
1 Green Mandrin Fish
1 Niger Trigger/ Cross-Hatch Trigger..
so what do you guys think?
Welcome to the site. Your experience should really benefit everyone. You have an awesome job!
As you are probably already thinking, you have an interesting tank size. 90 gallons tanks can be frustrating, because you have a lot of water, but the length of the tank causes aggression issues that you don't really deal with in a 125. For this reason, given the extreme sensitivity of the fish, I would personally nix the Achillies Tang. That fish is crazy difficult to keep to begin with, and putting it into a 90 gallon tank will be a real challenge.
Another consideration will be water flow. Tangs are much more durable fish when kept in systems with high currents, and a Boxfish would certainly not appreciate that much flow. For this reason, i would suggest the Porcupine Puffer, so long as you are prepared to move it up to a larger tank in the future.
I also think the Niger Trigger will prove happier in a 90 gallon than the Cross Hatch, which tends to be very shy and reclusive when kept in smaller tanks.
Overall, it sounds like you have a nice project going. You should really start a build thread in the Pictures & Video area and post some pictures! Good luck!
welcome to the forum. please release your shark.
i was thinking the same thing about the achillies tang.. if i was gonna get one (they're pretty widely available here and for a good price) i wouldn't add it for a while, maybe one of my last fish.. i do have access to a wave maker, so i was gonna install that in the tank, but perhaps keep it at a lower setting.. somewhere where the tangs will appreciate, but the boxfish won't be bothered.. i do like the porcupine though, and my gf thinks its cute.. lol..
as for the shark.. i think i'll keep him for a little while longer.. don't worry, i'll release him when i feel he's too big.. it is quite an awesome pet though, and great for when women come over.. lol..
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I'm running into an issue where making a standalone build in Unity is causing the audio files to not be copied over (from what I can tell) or built into the "App_Data/unity default resources" file. If I hand copy paste the audio files into the builds resources folder, the build works fine. My files are .ogg's, they are stored in the Assets/Resources folder with all the images that are built in with the build. The ogg files do appear in Unity and I reference them in my C# script. Audio works when running in Unity itself and after copying over the audio assets into the standalone builds directory.
Please note that I'm hoping that the build process itself can do this rather than having to write a post-build script to copy the data. Writing this script would be no problem, but I'm a bit surprised that Unity didn't do it automatically.
Does anyone know why Unity isn't copying them over? Is there a setting that with all my searching I still haven't found?
Thanks in advance!


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Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) supplementation can cost as little as $2 a year.
Daily Source of Vitamin B12
Fortified foods such as some breakfast cereals and types of nutritional yeast can provide another cholesterol-free source of vitamin B12.
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) supplementation can cost as little as $2 a year.
The cheapest way to get our B12 is probably one 2500 microgram sublingual, chewable, or liquid supplement of cyanocobalamin once a week. The stuff is dirt cheap. You can find a twenty-year supply online for $40. All the B12 our body needs for $2 a year! Of course, the stuff doesn't last twenty years. It has a four-year expiration date, so share it with some friends.
For those mathematically-minded who are thinking, wait a sec. If you only need 4 to 7 micrograms a day, why do you have to take 2500 a week? Well, it's a little complicated, but let's do it. Our B12 receptors become saturated at as little as 1.5 . So we can only absorb 1.5 at a time through our receptor system. But about 1% of the rest passively diffuses right through our gut into our bloodstream.
So, for those of you into this kind of thing, let's do the math. When we take a 2500 microgram dose, we absorb 1.5 through our receptor system, and then 1% of the 2498.5 that's left. So inside our body we now have 1.5 plus that 1%. That comes out to be about 26.5. You do that once a week and that averages to about 4 micrograms a day. So, we should take at least 2500 micrograms once a week. We could take 3000 a week; 5000... If you take too much, all you get is expensive pee. And at a couple of bucks a year, it's not even that expensive.
Even though it is a water-soluble vitamin, we don't have to take it every day, because throughout our evolution our bodies were so used to getting such tiny amounts (maybe some wooly mammoth pooped upstream or something) that our body evolved an ingenious way to hold onto it. So that's why we can do this kind of averaging over time.
To see any graphs, charts, graphics, images, and quotes to which Dr. Greger may be referring, watch the above video. This is transcript contributed by Bruce A. Hamilton.
Please consider volunteering to help out on the site.
Andrès E, Loukili NH, Noel E, Kaltenbach G, Abdelgheni MB, Perrin AE, Noblet-Dick M, Maloisel F, Schlienger JL, Blicklé JF. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency in elderly patients. CMAJ. 2004 Aug 3;171(3):251-9.
DOSCHERHOLMEN A, HAGEN PS. A dual mechanism of vitamin B12 plasma absorption. J Clin Invest. 1957 Nov;36(11):1551-7.
Allen LH. How common is vitamin B-12 deficiency? Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Feb;89(2):693S-6S. Epub 2008 Dec 30.
Hylemon PB, Zhou H, Pandak WM, Ren S, Gil G, Dent P. Bile acids as regulatory molecules. J Lipid Res. 2009 Aug;50(8):1509-20. Epub 2009 Apr 3.
Scott JM. Bioavailability of vitamin B12. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jan;51 Suppl 1:S49-53.
This is the third of a five-part video series this week on B12. For why one might choose supplements and fortified foods see yesterday's video of the day, Safest Source of B12. Tomorrow I'll cover various daily regimens. B12 is one of the few Vitamin Supplements Worth Taking. And if you're new to the issue, please see my blog post Vegan B12 Deficiency: Putting It into Perspective for some background. If you're that much of a nutri-nerd to enjoy these derivations, see my nine-part video series on vitamin D starting with Vitamin D Recommendations Changed. If you'd rather just cut to the chase, see my recommendations here. As always these are just a few of the 1,500 or so topics I have videos about.
For some context, please check out my associated blog posts: What Is the Healthiest Meat? and Best Nutrition Bang for Your Buck.
If you haven't yet, you can subscribe to my videos for free by clicking here.
To post comments or questions into our discussion board, first log into Disqus with your NutritionFacts.org account or with one of the accepted social media logins. Click on Login to choose a login method. Click here for help.
This is the third of a five-part video series this week on B12. For why one might choose supplements and fortified foods see yesterday's video of the day, Safest Source of B12. Tomorrow I'll cover various daily regimens. B12 is one of the few Vitamin Supplements Worth Taking. And if you're new to the issue, please see my blog post Vegan B12 Deficiency: Putting It into Perspective for some background. If you're that much of a nutrinerd to enjoy these derivations, see my nine-part video series on vitamin D starting with Vitamin D Recommendations Changed. If you'd rather just cut to the chase, see my recommendations here. As always these are just a few of the 1,500 or so topics I have videos about.
Dr Greger (I love you) this is actually not a question but it would be so amazing if NutritionFacts.org had its own online shop with products of trust like b12, amla, hibiscus, omega 3 etc. It would be so much easier for people and the site would actually benefit naturally. even if not a shop a "recommendation page" with brands and products of trust (that could be negociated for publicity) would BE SO GREAT! Thank you
It really helps to know that there is nothing for sale here except the information, and all that income goes back into the site to spread accurate nutrtional information. It's a very good selling point for Dr. Greger's videos and books and speaking tours, that there is no profit motive.
What does the equation look like for fortified soy or rice mik? How many cups a day provide sufficient b12?
Dr. Greger is recommending 250 mcg minimum of b12 per day. Silk original soy milk has approximately 1.2 mcg per cup serving.
Unfermented soy products like soy milk, tofu, etc are not a safe food for anyone. It causes hormone imbalances, speeds aging, and lowers intelligence. http://tinyurl.com/cw8jecp
Most Silk products are no longer certified organic and some are processed with hexane, a neurotoxin. And yet they can still be labeled "natural". Some of their products may contain some organic ingredients, so the label "made with organic ingredients" is still used.
A troll paid by the milk & meat industry who cites Mercola, one of the most famous charlatans on the web, targeted even by FDA: http://www.quackwatch.org/11Ind/mercola.html
Wow, even a link to quack watch, brainwashing alive and well. Educate yourself a little.
The 250 a day is only if you take it in a single dose. Three servings a day of B12 fortified foods like soy milk should be finet. See the next video in the series for details: Daily Source of Vitamin B12
Please make this…. and EVERY VIDEO… EVERY DAY… visible on your YouTube homepage.
Asking you to do this every day is getting very tedious.
For many weeks this wasn't a problem. So why now?
Mac, I think Dr. Greger wants people to visit the website, not youtube. Posting annoyingly everyday to a video is not a good approach to get your way.
Furthermore, if people want to ask "Ask the doctor" type questions they can't do so effectively on youtube, the comments are better controlled on nutritionfacts.org.
Hello Toxins,
Thanks for your observations. Please allow me to clarify. I am not whining to "get my way". I am asking for a reasonable accommodation.
For the forseeable future, my only web access is an old Palm Centro which accesses YouTube videos by auto-launching the Kinoma player, but only at YouTube.com. The player will not launch at NutritionFacts.org.
I do not want to comment at YT.com (nor can I due to login issues).
Funnelling comments to NutritionFacts.org makes sense, and I believe the good doc has the option of closing off commenting at YT if he wants to.
Thank you for your understanding.
I understand your predicament, I check the comments several times a day so if you happen to post a comment requesting a direct youtube link I can assist you with this.
you are pushing the boundaries of web accessibility :)
@ hcdr I know, I know. The march of web technology continues on unabated with or without me.
@toxins Thanks for the link. There's no substitute for my being able to access at the doc's YouTube homepage,though, especially for a watching a series of related videos. Since Kinoma player won't launch here, setting up a playlist is futile.
Also, youtube can take a while to update its feeds, I've noticed this with subscriptions I have. It's nothing to do with Dr Greger… you just need to be patient, that's all :)
(or subscribe to email alerts)
In the video "Vitamin B12 Recommendation Change," dietary intakes of 4 to 7 ug dietary B12 were found to reduce the methylmalonic acid and homcysteine to desired levels. It seems to me then that "dietary intake" already accounts for the low absorption rate of B12, and hence I do not see why there is a need to up-adjust the recommended levels. Perhaps in the study the B12 was injected and that's the reason for up-adjusting the recommended levels?
Ted , That is a hood observation and as we the cell cam only receive between 1.5 and 1.75 ug at a time resulting in dosage dumping (expensive urine) another misunderstood aspect of oral cyanocobalamin is the methylation of the toxic caynadide moles. this is an article about methylcobalamin and th reduction of Homo-cysteine levels When it comes to value a two month supply of Methylcobalamin ans the entire B complex for 20 some dollars is the best value out there I use Transdermal Patches from this site http://www.drhealthflex.com/apps/webstore/products/show/4490694
How much time it takes to receptor de-saturate? I take a 2000 pill twice a week. Is iherbs a reliable brand?
It takes 6 hours for the receptors to desaturate. Stay tuned for the next 2 videos on b12.
Ted beat me to my question, I suspect the good doctor made a mistake on this one.
A plasma concentration of 200 pmol/L is typically considered sufficient and <150 pmol/L is typically considered deficient. There is a school of thought that to protect the most people the sufficient level should be raised to 400 pmol/L with under 200 pmol/L being considered morbidly deficient.
In the Framingham Offspring Study (a source of data for some of the cited papers) it was found that people who consumed an average of 16.3±0.8 µg B12 per day, largely from suppliments, attained an average plasma B12 level of 398.1±7.8 pmol/L.
In that study, even people who got just 4-5 µg B12 per day from food sources typically had a plasma B12 concentration nearing 300 pmol/L, a level most modern researchers would call sufficient.
Plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations relate to intake source in the Framingham Offspring Study:
Its true, there are several mechanisms by which some people either do not absorb, can not use, or can not retain B12 well enough and thus manifest symptoms of deficiency and anyone with deficiency symptoms should be tested despite daily intake level, but for the majority it seems somewhere on the order of 16 µg B12 per day should be enough.
As a strict vegetarian and the grandson of a pharmacist I have the habit of recompounding cyanocobalamin pills into a food ingredient so I can easily add 50 µg B12 into my food each day. There seems to be no harm to using too much B12 but I see no scientifically supported reason to alter my current practices.
Stay tuned for 2 more videos on vitamin b12 following this one.
"Daily source of b12"
"New vitamin b12 test"
hopefully they answer your questions.
Kal, those are interesting studies and many think they are flawed, however an often over looked aspect is the pharmaceutical induced nutrient depletion or nutrient blocking. http://www.drhealthflex.com/apps/webstore/products/show/4490694
Does anyone have any leads for where you get a 20 year supply of vitamin B12 for $40?
Just another query on where to get cheap bulk b12?
Vitamin B12 is an important topic, and I'm very grateful to Dr. Greger for making this series of videos to shed light on supplementation. My question is: How much do kids need? My kiddo eats fortified foods, but probably only once a day, so I suspect we need to be supplementing weekly. What would an appropriate weekly dose look like for a child? And are there any concerns about overdoses at any age?
Thanks so much!
I've done a little more reading on this topic, and found these recommendations: http://veganhealth.org/articles/dailyrecs Do you agree that a child ages 4-8 should be taking 500 ug twice a week?
As always, thanks!
Oral ingestion of cyanocobalamin can be problematic for Vegans,vegetarians and those with MTHFR polymorphism
hre is a good article that is sited https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/homocysteine-mthfr-polymorphism-link-thomas-hiatt-cwc-cpt-cnc-pt-in-5980315930020892672?trk=mp-reader-card
VVeeeerrryyy informative!
Dear Dr. Greger,
I read on the net some statements about the negative effects of high doses of vitamin C taken together with B12. Sources are not given, or taken from general encyclopaedias. I found only one reference to a scientific study, from the '60s in Russian in an obscure Russian journal. Do you know whether this statement is correct? If yes, do you suggest to avoid taking normal doses (below 1g) of vitamin C together with B12 supplements? Do you have any reference on this subject?
Thank you in advance.
Unlike Dr. Oz, whose shows seem more like infomercials for supplements that we can't afford if we bought everything he recommends, Dr. Greger always considers cost when discussing supplements, and I appreciate it.
There are several forms of b12 (like 8 to date). Thus its important to understand that cyanocobalamin and cobalamin are two different forms of b12. Cyanocobalmin is toxic 1. Nutritional yeasts commonly have this form of b12(such as red star re fortification http://lesaffre-yeast.com/five-steps.html). Conversely, cobalamin found in plants can be either assimilable or not. Chorella, nori, 2 unwashed unsprayed produce 3 has the usable form while spirulina does not. Our understanding of b12 was enhanced by this study from MIT 3 a few years back which helped to solve the mystery of b12.
1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1293728/?tool=pubmed
2 http://www.greenmedinfo.com/article/chlorella-contains-form-b12-bioavailable-mammals, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/10794633/
3 http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2007/b12.html
Thus the cheapest source may not be the best source as its always the best choice to get our nutrition from the plants.
Cyanocobalamin is not only cheapest but best studied to prevent and reverse B12 deficiency safely and effectively. I'm afraid none of the plant sources you list are reliable sources. See here for a review of the available science. Thanks for leaving a comment!
so you are saying MIT, pubmed , etc are not reliable sources of information?
pubmed is just a database of articles, some useful, some less so. And the MIT source you cite does not appear to support your assertions. The paper cited in the news release you mentioned is available full-text here.
so what do you do with the studies like the one cited that show cyancobalamin is toxic and other studies about cobalamin in chorella, nori are bioavailable?
Did you read the review link I sent? One cannot rely on chemiluminescence to determine human bioactivity. I've addressed cyanocobalamin elsewhere. The balance of available evidence clearly shows it is the most safe, stable, and effective form of B12. Thank you for your interest in my work.
Dr. Greger,
what do you think of this study, where the authors have found methylcobalamine (active form of B12) in spirulina? http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf102159j
Once again, your question is answered by the link I sent before.
You yourself admit that cyano-b12 is not the safest & most effective form of b12 for everyone. Common sense suggests hydroxocobalamin is superior to cyano-b12, since it has the added ability to bind cyanide which all of us can breathe in from second-hand smoke, exhaust fumes, etc. It's so effective at binding cyanide that it's used as an antedote in cyanide poisoning. Methylcobalamin & adenosylcobalamin also appear superior to cyanocobalamin, since they are already active and do not need to be detoxed to work for us. There are many who haven't been able to sustain vegan eating, and maybe lack of active b12 is the reason, since most are getting their b12 as cyano-b12, either as supplements or in fortified food products. Please seriously consider altering your general recommendation on b12. Either way, thanks for all of your work!
I read both links but it still leaves most of my questions unanswered; namely is cyanocobalamin toxic as reported, how is it made, is mma testing sufficient for determining b12 levels, and if plant sources are deficient in b12 does it not prove that one is supposed to eat meat, and finally, if a herbivore (ie a cow) maintains adequate b12 levels where do they get it from if not from the bacteria on the plants ? Thankyou, in advance for you answers.
I read associated links provided (re elsewhere) and they fall short of any explanation to my questions.
The link has not disproved aforementioned studies (re pub med) that cyanocobalamin is not toxic.
In addition, no repudiation of the MIT study about b12 as a bacteria found on plants is the source of b12 that animals uptake but apparently humans do not for some unknown reason (though humans seem to uptake animal sources of b12 which they obtain from plants sources ..).
The only explanation is that I cannot rely upon "chemiluminescence" to determine bioactivity . Hence the recommendation for b12 cyanocobalamin supplementation from non plant food sources (b12 is typically made from sewage).
This only proves to me that vegans are deficient in b12 and cannot obtain it from plant sources unlike animals.
Although I find this explanation lacking since animals obtain b12 from plant sources while apparently humans do not. Therefore are you able to address the non plant food cyanocobalamin toxicity issue and the failure of humans to uptake b12 on plants like animals can?
You see I find it strange that animals can uptake b12 from plants though apparently humans cannot. Though there is overwhelming evidence that animal foods cause destruction of the human body's systems that they clearly shorten human lifespan. Thus I believe that plants are the food that humans are designed to eat.
Though this b12 issue makes no sense in that humans are unable to uptake b12 from plants. Therefore in light of the multitude of evidence that animal food causes pathological conditions to arise though humans do not uptake b12 from plant foods, this begs the question as to why humans are not getting b12 from plants.
Personally, I theorise the the answer is three fold.
One in that pesticides/herbicides are covering those plants preventing the bacteria from adhering to the plant or even kill them (including in the environment) .
Two, that the artificial fertilisers etc used in modern agribusiness have destroyed/altered the microorganism environment that create the proper conditions for the bacteria to grow and thrive.(this includes water treated with chlorine, fluoride, etc)
Three that current scientific knowledge is not sufficient to determine which form of b12 is the best form for humans to utilise including knowledge of how the human body functions as regards to b12 utilisation.
Thus at this time there is not sufficient knowledge to understand the b12 situation properly.
Have you considered that humans were/are meant to consume lots of bugs and insects, worms, etc. that would be crawling all over their raw greens and fruit if it were not for modern day sanitation practices? And these insects, earthworms, etc. have ample B12 amounts, actually, quite high and noteworthy in crickets and mealworms, two insects that cattle and other grazing creatures in nature devour as the slurp up their greens in the fields. And maybe it isn't that the animal foods are harming humans, it might be that the cooked animal foods/proteins are what is truly harmful, and that ingesting raw insects is something humans have been doing (and could not avoid!) for the majority of our existence. Raw insects, full of complete protein, blood, intestines, poo, pee, and B12 in large amounts, not small amounts. It is actually quite normal for all supposed non-meat eaters in nature to ingest these insects. It is who they are, and it is who humans are (were before the kitchen sink and supermarkets and recent agriculture practices.
Your thoughts.
These animals/ insects are just getting the bacteria from the plants thus humans can get their b12 from plants too. Though because the water is; chlorinated, while plants are sprayed with petro chemicals (oil based ) pesticides etc, and the soil is pumped full of inorganic minerals destroying the micro flora (that create bacteria) bacteria that would normally be present with plants is destroyed. Thus eating animals/insects is like getting protein second hand from the plants where the original protein source comes from.
Though these sources because they are second hand are concentrated in various toxins thanks to the manipulation of crops and are concentrated sources of protein the human body reacts to by developing disease as a result. Thus the solution is not to eat the animals/insects but to figure out why bacteria is being destroyed on the plants humans eat while animals/insects are getting their nutrition from what they eat. In this way humans might learn not to destroy the environment by attempting to control it but rather to work with the environment in order to achieve a sustainable synergistic harmony with our environment.
I seem to recall that the type recommended for supplementation was methylcobalamin. I am confused now. Is CyanoCobalamin better than MethylCobalamin? What is the difference between the two?Thanks.
Dr. Greger. Most of the cyanocobalamin on the market is recovered from activated sewage sludge or chemically produced. How can we tell if it's from sludge or not. In this light, methylcobalamin seems a safer choice.
Also I would hope that you would warn people off of vegetable sourced B-12.
It's an analog which blocks the uptake of true B-12, the result being that the body's need for B-12 actually increases!
As I understand it, the claim that most cyanocobalamin is extracted from activated sewage sludge is just an internet myth.
If you have any credible evidence to the contrary, I'd be interested to see it. By credible I don't mean some quack, charlatan or crackpot with a website but a professional journal etc.
If you are a full vegetarian, you don't eat dairy because it comes with too much baggage – transfats, saturated fats, cholesterol, hormones and antibiotics. It's far safer to just take a B12 supplement.
Actually your poo would be much more expensive than your pee.
Does this applies while taking a chlorella our spirulina supplement?
Dr. Greger does not recommend Spirulina
Chlorella is safe on the other hand.
Thank you for your response and the information on spirulina. I was unaware of it.
I often take a chlorella supplement so I'm concerned of it affecting my B12 absorption.
There are many conflicting reports as to the safety of high doses of B12. Some (like you) say it is perfectly safe. Others (like the Mayo Clinic) say it must be used with care in people who have dermatologic, urinary, gastrointestinal, hematological, and other issues. How can one tell who is right?
B12 supplements totally screwed with my body. Totally threw off homeostasis. Never been the same. Amnesia from
methylcobalimin, heart stoppage from cyanocobalamin. Other issues as well. I am not the only one. How long have
humans been popping a pill with no long-term health record, and a pill that contains an amount of B12 that the immune
system has never had to register, up until this century?
Read the research/comments (google) regarding horrible reactions to B12 supplements.
Looking forward to seeing you next month in Marshal Texas
What are your thoughts for those of us vegans near & over 50? More than 2,500 mcg of B12 per week? Use the Hydroxo or Methyl forms? Are you a fan of either the Hydroxo or Methyl forms over the standard Cyano form? I would appreciate your thoughts. Thanks
I am over 50 and have a B12 absorption issue. I felt as if I had lightning bolts up and down my legs. My doctor recommended 5000mcg B12 every day. Is this over kill? It stopped the pains. Now I have a bunion that can become quite painful. Taking 10,000mcg every other day settles it down.
Is this crazy or am I actually helping the nerve pains go away? Thanks!
Dr. Greger, you must know that I love the way you teach us. If you had been one of my professors in the university, be sure, that I would never have miss one of your classes, no matter if I were in labor. Margarita Sandoval.
Where can I get b12 for $40 for 20 years. Any links?
Dear Dr. Greger,
I've been vegan for the last 1.5 years and reciently got tested for B12 levels in blood. Turns out they came up pretty low, 250 pg/ml.
I was wondering how much cianocobalamin should I take to boost B12 levels, and for how long.
The cianocobalamin I could get comes in tablets (5 mg of cianocobalamin + vit. B6 and B1).
Always following your amazing work.
Thank you.
Doc ,interesting video, however cyanocobalamin has two cyanide molecules that once bound to IF are routed to the liver for methylation-conversion to methylcobalamin the bioavailable form. Synthetic B-12 is actually harmful as it is synthetic B-9 folic acid. Those who suffer with MTHFR can't process these synthetic vitamins and those who can are robbing from the methyl groups when they have a heavy load already due to our ever increasing toxic environment. Cyanocobalamin is actually banned in some foreign countries such as the UK. I love your videos on estrogen from animals so keep
up the good work.
Is the methylcobalamin form of B12 something you consider as synthetic, and does this methyl-form of B12 also rob from the methyl groups, as you claim the cyanocobalamin form does? Thanks for feedback on this.
As a matter of Fact the UK has banned Cyanocobalamin. Here is a link to a white paper and additional research. http://www.drhealthflex.com/b12whitepaper.htm
What form of B12 are you currently taking? Ever try the hydroxocobalamin?
As a Formulator of Transdermal nano patches I use only metylcoblamin B-12 with all my patients to bypass the hepatic pathway.
How to view transcripts?
Hi, I have read pratically all the post, but I have not find good URL for cheap B12, I mean large supply for 1 years and up. Presently I use Jamieson B12 2,500 mcg sublingual and cost me about 20$ for only 60 capsules.
Anyone can help me to find where to buy in bulk online ?
Thank you !
which web site or company should i trust for toxic free vitamin
Where can you find the $40 for 20 years? Any cheap sources you recommend?
i noticed in that diagram above, the gallbladder also has a part to play in the absorption process. does one have to up the b12 dosage or frequency of taking b12 tablets, if the gallbladder has been removed?
in fact what are the best ways to up absorption of b12?
This should not be a problem. The only time the dosage needs to be adjusted up is when you have problems making intrinsic factor. Pernicious Anemia is an autoimmune condition which causes the loss of gastric cells which make intrinsic factor which gives us the 1.5 part of the equation in the video. Given individual variation it is always easy enough to get your B-12 level checked with other blood work.
Would you be able to get vitamin B12 from lacto-fermented vegetables?
Hi Sarah. No :( I just posted a bunch of links to Jeff's comments above if you are looking for more information.
I'm about to re-stock my Vitamin B-12 stash, and wanted to find out more about the cyanocobalamin vs methylcobalamin issue first. Since every one of Dr. Greger's informative B-12 videos and articles seem to contain at least one question about the difference, efficacy, safety, etc, between the two types, I thought I'd share this except from an article on B-12 by Dustin Rudolph (the "Plant-Based Pharmacist") that I found very helpful (the original article cites sources & includes links to additional info, which are not included here):
"Cyanocobalamin is a synthetic version of vitamin B12. After ingestion, cyanocobalamin is broken down into the two active forms of B12 known as methylcobalamin and 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin. The active form methylcobalamin is an essential co-factor in the production of healthy red blood cells. The other active form, adenosylcobalamin, is an essential co-factor in the maintenance of healthy nerve cells and healthy red blood cells. Because cyanocobalamin is broken down into both active forms of B12, it is the preferred supplement for use in healthy individuals.
There have been concerns brought up by some individuals that during the metabolic breakdown of cyanocobalamin, cyanide is released as a byproduct. Cyanide can be toxic to the human body in large amounts. However, the amount of cyanide contained in a B12 supplement is not physiologically toxic to the human body. The only possible theoretical exception might be in patients who have kidney disease. Keyword emphasis on the word might. These patients have an impaired ability to clear cyanide, which could lead to elevated cyanide levels over time. A better option for those with kidney disease may be methylcobalamin due to this."
I think you got it right. If kidney failure is an issue shoot for methylcobalamin. Thanks for the article!
our methyls groups are already being taxed to failure due toxins in food, environmental toxins, depleted glutathione levels, why pile on more work for the methylation groups, and this is not even addressing those with SNPs- Methylcobalamin is as cheap and in the form of transdermal applications higher in efficacy without the risk of dosage dumping.The other area Jack does not address is the Lock and Key fitting of synthetic vitamins.Methyl is the bioavailble form. By supplementing with transdermal nano patches you do not have to be concerned with problems in binding with IF (Intrinsic Factor) Many medications as well as PPI interfere with this so even if you are eating foods high in B-12 you still may suffer from malabsorption.
I think your concerns for cyanide may have been overblown, the RD Jack Norris does the math, you are likelier to get several times more cyanide in flax crackers than a little b12
http://jacknorrisrd.com/safety-of-cyanide-in-cyanocobalamin/ see link
RD Jack Norris in fact makes a salient point that our methyls groups are already being taxed to failure due toxins in food, environmental toxins, depleted glutathione levels, why pile on more work for the methylation groups, and this is not even addressing those with SNPs- Methylcobalamin is as cheap and in the form of transdermal applications higher in efficacy without the risk of dosage dumping.The other area Jack does not address is the Lock and Key fitting of synthetic vitamins.Methyl is the bioavailble form. By supplementing with transdermal nano patches you do not have to be concerned with problems in binding with IF (Intrinsic Factor) Many medications as well as PPI interfere with this so even if you are eating foods high in B-12 you still may suffer from malabsorption.
This is perhaps an over simplification, the body is already under assault from environmental toxis and the vast majority of people are low on glutathione so to rob unnecessarily from the methyl groups by ingesting cyanocobalamin is at lt best counter production and at worst ( for those with polymorphism MTHFR) unhealthy.
What about Dr Virginia Vetrano study(book), here is in short: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOQaOiCFMa4
Aloha Dr. Greger and Nutrition Facts Folks,
We just heard Wednesday's video (July 15) on B-12 and read all the comments beneath and we came away wondering about a few things. The B-12 that we take we buy from Dr. Goldhamer at TrueNorth. It is 1,000 mcg capsules of methylcobalamin – we wonder where does the methylcobalamin come from? Our understanding is that it is a bacteria – is this correct? What is the bacteria source? Also interesting to us was the discussion regarding blood levels of B-12 and whether that B-12 is actually being assimilated. Is there some reliable method for finding out whether your B-12 is adequate and whether it is being assimilated? And finally, are there food sources of B-12? Since the absence of B-12 seems at least in part to be caused by the fact that our plant food supply is overly sanitary wouldn't organically grown mushrooms that aren't "cleaned" be a source of B-12? We have other questions but this is a good start.
Jeff and Karen HaySanta Cruz, CA
Aloha Jeff and Karen! Thanks for reposting. B12 is super important. Adults needs roughly 2.4 micrograms per day. In supplement form it comes in higher doses. Any brand is fine and you can find cheap sources. Dr. Greger talks about exactly what B12 is in this video. You are right it's a soil bacteria. Many people believe we obtain some from dirt but there is no strong proof of this, if any. From dietitian Jack Norris's post: "Vitamin B12 is a complicated vitamin with a unique absorption mechanism and a number of inactive analogues (molecules that appear to be active B12, but actually are not) that possibly interfere with its function. Vitamin B12 is generally found in all animal foods (except honey). Contrary to the many rumors, there are no reliable, unfortified plant sources of vitamin B12, including tempeh, seaweeds, and organic produce."
We have tons of videos on B12, including the safest source where it mentions how we actually do produce B12 it's just too far downstream to be absorbed.
Check out more on Dr. Greger's Optimal Nutrition Recommendations. And let me know when you have more questions so many folks here have solid answers and suggestions.
From NIH "Only about 10 mcg of a 500 mcg oral supplement is actually absorbed in healthy people." Reference
Elsie, Methylcoblamin is the most bioavailable form and does not rob from the Methyl groups
How do you know it does not rob from the methyl groups? I appreciate your statement and the
time you have taken to provide this, but I see no data or science that proves it either does or
does not. Is this simply a theory of yours, and others? Thanks.
Did you read the white paper, I also have clinical results and of course a good Doctorate's knowledge of physiology tells us how the nutrients are routed to the liver to make them Bioavailable. Link to published article
Just read it. Wondering what your thoughts are on hydroxocobalamin. I know people who have had real bad reactions to methylcobalamin, some who claim it might have irreversibly made their body worse. Who knows that high dose vitamin supplements can trigger, alter, change, in some people. We are not all the same, and our immune systems and homeostasis, in my opinion, can be altered/sensitive to these high dose and different forms of vitamins, methlcobalamin included. I did get better sleep with the methyl B12, but then it went in the other direction and things got way worse. Cyano form caused my heart to stop beating.
Hydroxocobalmin is somewhat tolerable, at best, but none of these supplements have lowered my homocysteine and methylmalonic acid levels. Only shellfish have done that. Frustrating. You have any experience with the hydroxocobalamin B12?
Elsie , what dosage were you taking and how often? B-12 will remain in the liver for a period of time, My patients wear a transdermal patch one day a week. Those who have been tested with high Homocysteine levels have had reductions as well. Are you sure you do not have MTHFR? It might not be a bad idea for you to use Nano patches Because the patches bypass the hepatic pathway the efficacy is higher with safer smaller doses. These patches are used in clinics all over the world by Integrative and functional med docs. They resolve the dosage dumping issue by using a time release function. My email is email@example.com http://www.drhealthflex.com/apps/webstore/products/show/4490694
Have tried all different doses, methods of administration, products/companies of methylcobalamin. I was open to trying out the supplement you suggested but I see it has a lot of other "not-natural" vitamins added to it. Thanks for your efforts.
Transdermal nano Patches have a higher efficacy with a smaller dose by virtue of bypassing the hepatic pathway and the time release function means you do not over saturate cell receptors giving you small doses through out the day, All our test have shown lower Homocysteine levels and methylmalonic acid.
Elise I produce transdermal patches with both forms- Methyl and Hydrox- Clinical evaluations have shown a much greater efficacy with Methyl
The science the better way to supplement, Elise you may find this informative https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140912141933-209684125-the-science-behind-transdermal-nutrient-delivery-system?trk=mp-reader-card
Elsie I do produce a Hdroxo B-12 patch as well.
Dear Mister Greger and Team,
an issue spinning around in my head for
months now. It's about vitamin B12. As an vegan I supply vitamin B12 of
course but and this is the question, I never heard that people from
India, Pakistan or Africa are supplying vitamin B12.
Is there any study available?
Or how do this people make sure that the not suffer from to less of it?
I know that a bacteria living in a healthy earth is producing the vitamin B12, so when we eat some vegetable without washing we get enough vitamin B12. Unfortunately most of the earth ground is not healthy nowadays, because the farmers attitude to use them – no biological farming and more…
also, where get the people there vitamin B12?
And second question, could it be that the issue with vitamin B12 is the same as for example Vitamin C, that we have to have a lots of moire daily take in because the Vitamin is not natural? I read some studies that the body by himself decide how much vitamin he assimilate from the nutrition offer (for example from a apple the vitamin C) and it takes a lot of mote intake, when we use chemical vitamins???
I hope you understand my "kauderwelsch Englisch"….
Hi, where can I find the cyanocobalamin for the price that you mention?
I will really appreciate the information
Hi Doctor Greger :) I have a question that might seem pretty darn obvious: Why can we not re-create or somehow emulate the conditions we had in the past when B12 was in our diet….? I mean, we have probiotics for when intestinal flora need a reboot…why cant we do the same for B12? Doesn't B12 reside long-term in the liver? Thank you for your time!
(I try to take a B12 at least once per month, and I have 1-2 Tbsp of nutritional yeast almost every day on my salad.)
Can someone please tell me were to buy a product that meets this recommendation?
Cyonocobalamin, 2500 Mikrogramm, sublingual tablets.
Hello, im currently supplementing with this product, http://www.sourcenaturals.com/products/GP1217, but not sure what the correct dose should be going by whats on the label and Michaels recommendation, any help most appreciated.
Dr. Greger,
I started taking the B12 from nutrabulk.com and began having acne breakouts. Will you please consider doing a video comparing the different cobalamins and B12 supplements?
"Maybe some Woolly Mammoth pooped upstream"…. lol
my bad,I may have mistaken this video with another, but in this video Dr Greger very clearly lays out correct dosage where as i guess some labeling is intended for those whos meat /dairy diet permits a much higher intake of B12 and therefore require a much lower level of supplementation .
Hi, I am Patrick Ritchie, from Montreal (Canada). What brand would you recommend? I found two available here: Land Art and SISU. Someone told me that Land Art has conservatives in it. I am open to suggestions :) Do you recommend a specific brand (available in Canada)? Thanks in advance!
In his book, How Not to Die, Dr. Greger's recommendation for Vitamin B12 as cyanocobalamin is 250 mcg daily or 2500 mcg weekly for people under 65 years of age. For people over age 65, the recommendation is 1,000 mcg daily. Is there a weekly dosage for people over age 65, e.g., maybe 5,000 mcg — or should people over age 65 always take the daily dosage?
Hello Dr. Greger! I am in research mode since having an ah ha! moment and thought maybe you and your team could help me. I previously went vegan for 2 years and stopped after having severe acne breakout all over my face, neck, and chest. I had food intolerance testing done and found I was "allergic" to most things vegan (quinoa, almonds, legumes, soy, etc) and thought I couldn't be vegan anymore. I went on a Paleo/Candida diet for 3 years – my skin wasn't perfect, but my neck and chest acne was mostly non existent. Last year I just couldn't take it anymore and went vegan again – regardless of the state of my skin, I just couldn't eat animal products anymore. I eat a high carb low fat vegan diet as this allows me to stay away from my "allergens" and be vegan. Problem is I go through times of bad acne again – face, neck, chest. I have been bad for supplementing B12 here and there – would order transdermal patches then forget to order more, recently I have purchased injectable B12 and have been giving myself 1000 mcg IM, every week. I have just realized that my bad acne corresponds to when I take B12! I googled it (I know! thats why I need you) and found articles that show that acne bacteria metabolize it and create porphyrins that create inflammation, and can cause acne. So I have a dilemma of wanting to be healthy internally and take B12 (especially since I have Celiac Disease) versus being acne free and not being depressed and want to be a hermit. So I wonder if there is something I am missing – is their research to show that different types of B12 (cyan, methyl, etc) effect the acne bacteria differently? Or would taking smaller doses on a daily basis be better, etc.?
Thank you for all that you and your team do! I wish I could find a doctor like you.
Hello — Dr. Greger mentions a 20 year supply of vitamin b-12 dosed weekly at 2500 mcg. At the time of the suggestion, he said it was around $3 a year.
Can you please recommend a good source for 2500 mcg b12?
Today I came across this Nature's Bounty B12 supplement from cyanocobalamin containing 2500 mcg in each tablet, just as Dr. Greger recommends. There are 75 tablets, which will last you a year and a half for less than $9. The formula is vegetarian/vegan. You can get it from iherb regardless of where you live.
Fortified foods such as some breakfast cereals and types of nutritional yeast can provide another cholesterol-free source of vitamin B12.
Since foods are effectively a package deal, what is the best way to get vitamin B12 (cobalamin)?
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Book Art 2015
Where: The Atrium, The Forum, Norwich, UK.
Time: Fri 1st & Sat 2nd May 2015 - 10am-6pm both days.
Cost: free, supported by Arts Council, England and ttp2015
Exhibiting Book Artists at #ttp2015 will be on hand to share their expertise and creativity with you, presenting the Exhibitors 2015
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Stories, Poems, Music: TwoCoatsColder@turnthepage2015
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The Norfolk Longbook - taking centre stage...
When: 10am-6pm both days in the Atrium of the Forum
The longbook will grow before your very eyes this year! With contributions from yr7 students at Aylsham High School, the project, 'The Heart of Aylsham', has been co-ordinated by Jen Fox along side their course work, they've been creating pages for entry into the NLB influenced by the artist Hundertwasser. They made a study of the shop fronts within the town of Aylsham and using the sgraffito technique, created beautifully colourful work. Make sure you get along to see it @ ttp2015
AND a calligrapher on site (Friday only) to help YOU contribute to the pages to!
with Calligrapher Jane Knights
Calligrapher on hand: Fri 1st May, Times: 12-2pm & 3-5pmJane is the chairman of Norfolk Scribes, she prides herself on her handwriting. However, it's not all swirly gilded italics on precious parchment. "My favourite pen is made from an old cola can, attached to lolly stick with plastic tape," she reveals..". Jane will be on hand to help you make your contribution to the NLB pages.
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Demonstrations from:
John Jarrold Print Museum one of the finest print museums in the country dedicated to printing. The John Jarrold Printing Museum is a window on the many hours and variety of skills that were involved in printing before they were made obsolete by advancing technology.
John Jarrold Print Museum Society of Bookbinders
and The Society of Bookbinders a UK-based educational charity dedicated to traditional and contemporary bookbinding and to the preservation and conservation of the printed and written word


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Events Manager
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KEXP Features
Nothing Compares 2 U
Tune in to KEXP on Friday, May 6th from 2:00 to 6:00 p.m. PT to listen as KEXP Afternoon Show host Kevin Cole pays tribute to Prince with Nothing Compares 2 U: A Celebration of the Life and Music of Prince featuring rarities, b-sides, live tracks, side projects, interviews, and personal stories.
Inside the Music of KEXP
To celebrate the opening of KEXP's New Home, KEXP worked with Microsoft to turn 4,000 square feet of currently vacant office space into an interactive installation inviting the audience to physically go inside the music of KEXP from April 16th – May 8th.
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NPR Music and Lagunitas Brewing Company are teaming up with KEXP to bring tunes from the Tiny Desk Contest to Seattle on Sunday, May 8th. Join KEXP and NPR Music staff at the KEXP New Home for a celebration of the Seattle musical community, including live performances by some of NPR Music's favorite local Tiny Desk Contest entrants.
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KEXPNow presents the latest live streaming video experience on Tuesday, May 10th with Bob Mould at 3:00 PM PT. Watch his live session in real-time! Stay on top of all our upcoming live streaming sessions with the KEXP In-Studio Schedule. Brought to you in part by Portage Bay Café.
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Midnight in a Perfect World
Introducing Midnight in an Perfect World, KEXP's weekly hour-long guest DJ show, airing Fridays at midnight starting February 21st. This multi-genre program features eclectic sets by a rotating cast of international and local DJ's, each building upon a party vibe to kick off your weekend. Brought to you in part by New Belgium Brewing.
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Welcome to Immigrant Songs, a series presented and produced by KEXP, with support from The Vilcek Foundation. Through in-studio performances, interviews with local and national artists, and other written content, co-curators and DJs Darek Mazzone and Chilly will explore the immigrant experience.
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This week, Midday Show host Cheryl Waters presents a mix of her recent favorites on our Music That Matters podcast. Our Song of the Day podcast features Aesop Rock, Sunflower Bean and Fauna Shade, and our Live Performances podcast features P.O.S and Metric.
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Leonard Cohen reverent - and remarkable - at Milwaukee Theatre show
Leonard Cohen was on his knees - sometimes one, sometimes the other, sometimes both - quite often during his performance at the Milwaukee Theatre Friday night.
This wasn't because, as he pointed out early on, he hadn't played a live show in Milwaukee for 38 years. Nor was it because he's 78 and probably doesn't care to stand any longer than he must. »Read Full Article(23)
'Malcolm and Teresa' has trouble finding heart of pair's connection
In early 1968, conservative British journalist Malcolm Muggeridge was asked to conduct a televised interview of an Albanian nun. He had never heard of her. The world did not yet know her. It soon would: Her name was Mother Teresa.
That's the setup in Cathal Gallagher's "Malcolm and Teresa," which is receiving its regional premiere at Christian-based Acacia Theatre Company in Mequon, in a production that opened Friday night under Elaine Rewolinski's direction. »Read Full Article
Neko Case's voice shines in an elegant, melancholy set
The human voice can be the most singularly beautiful musical instrument there is, but it's not hard to think of well-compensated pop singers who treat their instruments, or allow them to be treated, as if they were beside the point.
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Q about flash exposure compensation
Started Sep 29, 2012 | Discussions thread
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pnoij • Regular Member • Posts: 163
Q about flash exposure compensation
As English is not my native language, there is something I want to check.
Mr. Friedman says something about flash-compensation (A77/65) that is not quite clear to me, so I want to rephrase it and ask you if I am right about this.
Page 257
Usually when you set flash-compensation to say -1, the picture is 1 step underexposed.
When set the exposure compensation to ambient only, the picture is correctly exposed, but the flash gives 1 step less light than it would usually do.
To me only the latter makes sense as every camera has the exposure compensation button to compensate exposure for the picture.
Correct me if I am wrong.
Thanks for looking at my question.
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text: Until the final game of last season, Sherburne-Earlville had gone almost four entire seasons without earning a road victory. That streak ended with a season-ending victory over Morrisville-Eaton, and after a 2-2 spell in road games this season capped by a rout of Clinton, the Marauders have now won three of the last five contests on enemy turf. With two home clashes left in division play, the Marauders have an excellent opportunity to post their first winning season in five years.


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2009 Chateau Lascombes Margaux
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- Size: 750ml
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- Country: France
- Region: Bordeaux, Margaux
"The 2009, which is inky blue/purple to the rim, is a final blend of 48% Cabernet Sauvignon, 48% Merlot and 4% Petit Verdot at 14% natural alcohol. The wine has a beautiful blueberry-scented nose with hints of acacia flowers, licorice, graphite and some subtle charcoal and background oak. Clearly a modern style of Margaux, it is pure, seamless, full-bodied and opulent, and the high glycerin and silky texture of 2009 are brilliantly displayed in this wine. Drink it over the next 15+ years, although it is certainly capable of lasting well past two decades."-Robert Parker Reviewed by: The Wine Advocate - 94pts
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