text:
Anybody in the market for high speed internet services in Spring Lake, NC will quickly find there are more selections to choose from than ever before. Each service works in different ways and all have their own individual benefits. Continue reading to understand more about your high speed internet connection options in Spring Lake and how to easily and quickly find the best internet deals in your city.
Don't waste time searching multiple sites for high speed internet deals when we can do all the work for you. In a few simple steps you'll be able to find every available deal in Spring Lake, NC, compare providers and prices side-by-side and even order installation.
Get started now – call the toll-free phone number above to speak with a knowledgeable specialist or enter your address inside the secure search form to compare offers.
Cable internet is among the numerous forms of high-speed internet service that Spring Lake consumers can choose to utilize. Cable high speed internet works by sending data from your cable company to a cable modem in your house. To avoid any disturbance the information is transmitted utilizing a specified channel. The cable modem captures the signal and carries it to your computer which then allows you to access the web.
Cable internet provides a constant, high-speed connection that is just as fast as that of a cable TV connection. Beyond speed the advantages of cable internet service include reliable connection that is not as susceptible to interferences and simple installation that requires little additional equipment.
Major providers of this kind of high speed internet service include Comcast Cable, Time Warner Cable, and Cox Communications.
Satellite high speed internet, unlike cable internet, doesn't function using cable lines or telephone lines. Rather, a satellite dish attached to the home acts as the data transmitting conduit. Installing Satellite high speed internet typically includes a satellite dish, plus two modems and connecting cables.
Data signals are transmitted from the service provider to the orbiting satellites, which are then passed along to the consumer's satellite dish, that's linked to the computer by the connecting cables and router.
Satellite internet provides high speed internet access to people that reside in rural communities in and around Spring Lake which might be too far removed from a cable or telephone station to get broadband internet access in any other form. Several of the other advantages of Satellite high speed internet are the format that the information is transmitted, which is compressed, and allows for more users to be served by just one satellite at any given moment in time. Satellite modems can also be faster than regular modems.
Dish Network and AT&T are two top-rated Satellite high speed internet providers that supply millions of consumers with solid services.
DSL, or Digital Subscriber Line, high speed internet, functions by sending a signal through phone lines. Though this is similar to the method used by dial-up internet, DSL high speed internet often supplies a faster connection (depending on where you are) because it uses a higher frequency that is faster than dial-up.
Like the satellite and cable internet services in Spring Lake, NC, this service requires a modem that is connected to the hub, or DSL central office. The internet connection starts at this office and the modem inside the user's home receives it. DSL high speed internet is relatively easy to set up because it can be installed with the home phone line that users already have, and doesn't require any additional wiring. Users can also make and receive phone calls while online if needed.
AT&T is also known for their outstanding DSL high speed internet services.**
Fiber Optic high speed internet is the most recent option for obtaining broadband internet in the home. This service operates by sending a signal created by lasers by way of a fiber optic cable, that is linked to an Optical Network Terminal. The Terminal turns the signal into one your computer can interpret.
An important benefit of using fiber optic high speed internet is the fact that it's much quicker than even cable internet, and isn't adversely affected by weather conditions. Fiber optic cabling has been found to be more reliable, durable and secure than other internet cabling options, which has lead more providers to begin investing in the technology.
If you want high speed internet that's 100% fiber optic Verizon FiOS is your only option. However, Comcast and AT&T both offer high speed internet that's partially fiber optic.
Want to find the best high speed internet deals in, Spring Lake, NC? Of course you do, and we can help you find them. Utilizing sophisticated search-and-compare technology from Saveology.com, we save you time and money by quickly locating every available offer in your city so you don't have to.
All you have to do is decide which Spring Lake high speed internet provider and plan is ideal for your budget. With all of your options all in one place you can be confident you're getting everything you need at a price you can afford.
Find high speed internet specials in your town by calling the toll-free number above or by entering your address inside the secure search form.
Privacy Policy | Terms & Conditions | 1-866-937-7506


text:
Ariana Grande Announces 2015 Honeymoon Tour Dates + 'Saturday Night Live' Appearance
Ariana Grande has announced her first headlining North American tour in support of her new album, 'My Everything.'
Ariana Grande has announced her first headlining North American tour in support of her new album, 'My Everything.'
Despite 'SNL' heading into its landmark 40th season (and shedding a few players in the process), things have been curiously quiet on the front of NBC's beloved sketch comedy show, particularly with regard to its initial hosts. Now, the network confirms that 'Guardians of the Galaxy' and 'Parks and Recreation' star Chris Pratt will host the September 27 premiere with musical guest Ariana Grande, preceding comedian Sarah Silverman, while rumors suggest legendary alum Bill Murray will follow!
Apart from all the good spirits of the evening, every Emmys inevitably becomes a somber occasion in honoring those we've lost over the course of the year. Now, with Robin Williams' tragic suicide still weighing on the world at large, the 2014 Emmy Awards have announced that Billy Crystal will step up to honor his fallen friend in the memoriam segment of the evening.
We've had Charli XCX's infectious hit 'Boom Clap' on repeat for weeks, and last night we got a special treat via 'Late Night With Seth Meyers.' The singer stopped by to perform her track from 'The Fault in Our Stars' soundtrack and, of course, it was as amazing as we'd hoped it would be.
The NBC network censors have been working overtime on Miley Cyrus' concert special coming up Sunday night on NBC!
NBC has released the first teaser promo for 'The Voice' Season 7, which will debut on Sept. 22, and we have our first look at Gwen Stefani and Pharrell joining Adam Levine and Blake Shelton on the judges panel.
'Tonight Show' host Jimmy Fallon and screechy-voiced comedian Kevin Hart both hate roller coasters, but the guys decided to face their fears together (aww) by taking a special spin on Universal Studio Orlando's massive Hollywood Rip Ride Rockit roller coaster.
Pharrell didn't let a rainy New York morning get him down, bringing the sunshine in the form of his hits 'Happy' and 'Marilyn Monroe' both of which he cheerfully performed on the 'TODAY' show this morning, June 5.
The new season of America's Got Talent debuted on NBC Tuesday night and it's one of my daughter's favorite shows. We almost missed the premiere, but thankfully caught it. There are some very talented people here in the states and some not so talented as was shown in Tuesday's night premiere.
'Saturday Night Live' didn't waste any time getting to the jokes about the Jay Z vs. Solange elevator fight incident, as the show opened with a fake family sketch starring 'SNL' cast members and a surprise guest star.
Big names popping by 'SNL' for brief appearances stopped being surprising a long time ago, but there's something really special about Barbara Walters stopping by Weekend Update. Maybe it's because Walters (with her 50 year television career) is a much bigger deal than a flavor-of-the-minute celebrity. Maybe it's because she's obviously a really good sport about how 'SNL' has mocked her over the years. In any case, it's an oddly sweet and weird scene in a season of the celebrated variety program that's pulled out all of the stops when it comes to being sweet and weird.
We'd already known that 'The Amazing Spider-Man 2' star Andrew Garfield would make his 'SNL' hosting debut in early May, but the final hosts of the season web up much more excitement. Not only will Charlize Theron return for her second time on the 'SNL' stage, but distinguished alum and 'Brooklyn Nine-Nine' host Andy Samberg will return to make his hosting debut for the finale!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Joined: 07 September 2011
Posts: 2380
Kapoors :
Amarnath Kapoor - One of the top and respected businessmen. He is devoted to his work but never forgets his responsibilities towards his family.
Shailaja Kapoor - She is a house wife, brought up her kids with ideal morals and values.
Ram Kapoor - Son of Mr and Mrs.Kapoor and is the elder of the three siblings. He is around 40, a successful businessman and was still a bachelor. His world revolved around 2 things his business and his family, family was his first priority.
Rishabh Kapoor - Youngest of the siblings of the Kapoor family, he is pursuing his studies in US
Shergill's :
Neha Shergill - Sister of Ram Kapoor, she is married to Vikram Shergill and has 3 kids.
Vikram Shergill - He is also a businessman, he is not only Neha's husband but is also Ram's best friend.
Sharmas :
Sudhir Sharma - A businessman whose business is in US, for him money was everything no relation ever mattered to him.
Priya Sharma - She was the only daughter of Sudhir Sharma and Shipra Sharma who died when Priya was young, Priya didn't share a good relation with her father so she returned to India as soon as she completed her studies and was running a small company successfully. She is in her early 30's still unmarried.
Gupta's :
Shilpa Gupta - She is the only relative of Priya other than her father who lives in India with her husband and kids. She is the sister of Shipra
Amit Gupta - He is husband of Shilpa has a small business of his own. His family is his world; he is very caring and good natured person.
Karthik Gupta - Son of Amit and Shilpa Gupta, helps in his father's business.
Ayesha Gupta - Sister of Karthik who wants to be a model and is bubbly girl.
It will a different story as u have read about the character sketch i dont know if you will like it or not, so want to know what do you think about it
The following 26 member(s) liked the above post:
naina_i2000, panpan, saranyakanchan, anushka30, fan_fiction123, ReeshAxym, surbhi_16, balhfan4ever, piyushi, alu5123, KpCrazyFanRashi, Dsudipa, Mi_AmOR, prachimishra85, Ashima_Mishal, shamma92, anizor, _MistleToe_, reshak, saisamanvi, Rayaland, swethasyam08, salsaly, chitloner, luvsakshi, shanti05,
Joined: 07 September 2011
Posts: 2380
The following 2 member(s) liked the above post:
haribol79, salsaly,
Joined: 21 September 2007
Posts: 726
Joined: 13 August 2011
Posts: 2584
Joined: 11 November 2008
Posts: 2130
The following 1 member(s) liked the above post:
Joined: 07 September 2011
Posts: 2380
Joined: 07 September 2011
Posts: 2380
Joined: 07 September 2011
Posts: 2380
The following 2 member(s) liked the above post:
jmehta1957, shamma92,
Television actress Asha Negi, who has been part of the small screen ...
Actress Asha Negi, who has been a part of the small screen for over ...
Disclaimer: All Logos and Pictures of various Channels, Shows, Artistes, Media Houses, Companies, Brands etc. belong to their respective owners, and are used to merely visually identify the Channels, Shows, Companies, Brands, etc. to the viewer. Incase of any issue please contact the webmaster.
Popular Channels :Star Plus | Zee TV | Sony TV | Colors TV | SAB TV | Life OK
Quick Links :Top 100 TV Celebrities | Top 100 Bollywood Celebs | About Us | Contact Us | Advertise | Forum Index


text:
Four Peas Spacebot School Backpack by Four Peas
Your child will love showing off this blue, outer-space themed kids backpack from Four Peas to everyone at school! This sturdy school backpack is completely PVC free and made of 600 denier nylon and includes adjustable padded back straps. Add the lunch bag and supply bag for a completely organized and stylish school set! You can even personalize this kids backpack for an extra special touch.
Features of this kids backpack include:
SIZE: 14"H x 12"W x 5"D
Category: Gifts, Four Peas
Personalize Your Item:No Thank YouWith Personalization $(+20.00)
Coordinating Lunch Bag:No Thank YouWith Non-Personalized Lunch Bag $(+18.00)With Personalized Lunch Bag $(+38.00)
Coordinating Supply Bag:No Thank YouWith Non-Personalized Supply Bag $(+16.00)With Personalized Supply Bag $(+36.00)
Style of Personalization:No Thank YouBlock MonogramNameSingle InitialTraditional Monogram
Color of Personalization:No Thank YouChocolateHot PinkPale PinkRedOrangeYellowPale BlueRoyal BlueLime GreenWhite
Font of Personalization:No Thank YouBaked FreshChalkGlobeLaylaLivelySerif Light CompWishes
Join Our Mailing ListTO RECEIVE UPDATES AND SPECIAL OFFERS!
©2004-2015 Rosenberry Rooms. All Rights reserved. | 3101 Stony Brook Dr., Suite 140, Raleigh, NC 27604
ecommerce enabled by fastpivot | PRIVACY POLICY


text:
Hire Bands & Groups in Arvada, CO
We will travel anywhere! Original songs and tons of covers! Corporate events, weddings,…
Acoustic Band
Denver, CO
Steel Drum Band
Denver, CO
The Groove Nation Orchestra brings over 20 years of performing experience to Destination…
Party Band
Denver, CO
Interactive, high-energy, rock/comedy single or DUELING PIANO shows for corporate…
Dueling Pianos
Denver, CO
Odessa Rose West is a Denver based Americana Swing band who specializes in classic…
Swing Band
Denver, CO
Check out our live video demo and compare to any other band!! You will hear and…
Alpine Music Connection. is a full service booking agency featuring the finest in…
Country Band
Denver, CO
Tell us about your event:
Complete the form below to receive FREE no-obligation quotes from performers/vendors in your area.
You can't do that.
You are prohibited from contacting any members on GigSalad.
Reason given:
If you believe that this is in error you may contact us.
Thank You!
Here's what to expect next:
Professionals will respond to your request with a quote for your event. We strongly recommend that all communication be kept on the GigSalad website using our booking and messaging system.
Bookings and communications taking place outside of GigSalad are not eligible for dispute resolution, secure deposit payments, verified reviews, or GigSalad booking protection.
For your protection, please be sure to complete your booking through GigSalad.
It looks like you already sent this request to {{duplicateRequests | multipleRequests}}, you can follow up with them through your inbox.
Connect with us on Facebook:
Browse other talent: {{relatedCategories}}


text:
NYC Parks Events Calendar
Get up, get out, and do something! Just about any day of the year, you can find something fun, informative, and healthy to enjoy at an area park. Feel free to browse the listings below, or use the search tools to find an event that matches your interests and location.
Viewing 11–20 out of 346 events
from June 25, 2013 (x) to August 31, 2016
in Free Summer Movies (x) category
Friday, June 12, 2015
Movie Night: Muppets Most Wanted
at Phil "Scooter" Rizzuto Park, Queens
7:00 p.m.–10:00 p.m.
Bring a chair or blanket and join us for a showing of Annie. Popcorn and ices will be served. Sponsored by This movie is rated PG.
Category: Film, Best for Kids, Free Summer Movies
NYC Parks Arts, Culture & Fun MOCA CINEMA: 101 Dalmatians
at Columbus Park, Manhattan
8:00 p.m.–10:00 p.m.
Join NYC Parks and the Museum of Chinese in America (MOCA) for films screening at the Columbus Park Pavilion in the month of June.
Category: Film, Best for Kids, Free Summer Movies
Movies in the Parks: 101 Dalmatians (1961)
at Columbus Park Pavilion (in Columbus Park), Manhattan
8:00 p.m.–10:00 p.m.
Join NYC Parks for free, family-friendly movies in our city's parks!
Category: Film, Best for Kids, Free Summer Movies
Movie Night: Frozen
at MacNeil Park (in Macneil Park), Queens
8:30 p.m.–10:15 p.m.
After the kingdom is cast into eternal winter by the powerful snow queen, her sister teams up with a mountaineer and his reindeer to break the icy spell.
Category: Film, Best for Kids, Free Summer Movies
Films on the Green: Pépé Le Moko by Julien Duvivier
at Washington Square Arch (in Washington Square Park), Manhattan
8:30 p.m.–10:30 p.m.
Films on the Green 2015 presents Pépé le Moko by Julien Duvivier in Washington Square Park on June 12.
Category: Film, Free Summer Movies
Movies in the Parks: Big Hero 6
at Myrtle Avenue Lawn (in Fort Greene Park), Brooklyn
8:30 p.m.–10:00 p.m.
When a criminal plot threatens the hi-tech metropolis of San Fransokyo, brilliant young robotics whiz Hiro Hamada leaps into action with his tech-savvy friends, and his robot companion.
Category: Accessible, Film, Best for Kids, Free Summer Movies
Saturday, June 13, 2015
Northside Festival: Against Me!
at McCarren Park, Brooklyn
2:30 p.m.–7:00 p.m.
See a showcase of Afro/Euro music-global pop duo The Very Best, followed by a performance by Queens rapper Heems.
Category: Concerts, Free Summer Movies
Movies in the Parks: Maleficent
at Pavilion (in Conference House Park), Staten Island
8:00 p.m.–10:00 p.m.
Join NYC Parks for free, family-friendly movies in our city's parks!
Category: Film, Best for Kids, Free Summer Movies
Sunday, June 14, 2015
NYC Parks ADA25 Movie Nights in the Park: Musical Chairs
at Williamsbridge Oval, Bronx
7:30 p.m.–9:30 p.m.
Come celebrate the 25th Anniversary of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) with NYC Parks! Musical Chairs- A romantic tale of two New Yorkers, Armando Ortiz from the Bronx and…
Category: Accessible, Film, Free Summer Movies
Monday, June 15, 2015
CANCELLED: Outdoor Movie Night: Jaws
at Touchdown of the 103rd Street Footbridge (in Randall's Island Park), Manhattan
7:30 p.m.–10:30 p.m.
Jaws continues to be one of the most popular films of all time and tells the tale of three men who join together in a life-and-death hunt to destroy a killer shark.
Category: Film, Free Summer Movies
Pages:< Prev 1 2 3 4 5… 35Next >
Related Information
- Get information on upcoming events directly in your inbox by signing up for our Email Newsletters.
- Know about an event that's not on the calendar? Send us a tip!
- Planning an event and considering hosting it in a park? Make sure to read our Planning an Event page.


text:
Update: 911 audio/arrest video released, KING-TV report below; Bremner called cop "Nazi," pleads guilty, PI.com reports. "I made a mistake," she told judge who gave her two days in jail for a DUI caused by, she said, combining alcohol and bipolar medication.
It would subject her to embarrassment and ridicule if police records are released to the press about her arrest for drunk driving, says popular Seattle attorney Anne Bremner. Instead, she has chosen to be embarrassed and ridiculed for not releasing those records. For such a media-savvy attorney with an impressive legal background, it appears she has already lost in the court of public opinion.
The Times, PI.com and KIRO-TV all want a gander at the documents detailing her DUI arrest two months ago in Kenmore by the King County Sheriff's Department. She's a person of public interest - a familiar face on CNN, Fox News and other cable channels where she comments on the Crime of the Day. She's usually more rational and sensitive than most talking heads.
As a legal analyst, Bremner also helped cover the Michael Jackson child-molestation trial in 2005 and is involved in the Amanda Knox case. Her impressive resume is detailed on the many pages of her website along with video clips, glamorous photos and the latest news releases - last month she was named one of Seattle's top lawyers by Seattle Metropolitan.
A month earlier, she was nailed for a DUI, on June 3, the eve of her 52nd birthday. She was taken to jail and bailed out. She has not yet been officially charged. But word of the arrest leaked out, and Bremner went immediately to King County Superior Court seeking an injunction to keep the press from obtaining details about the stop.
It's not clear what she has to hide. She's worried about her national reputation, obviously. But it appears she hasn't successfully hidden much. The story of her arrest is in the papers, online and on TV today. It clearly has gotten more play not only because of her attempt to cover it up but the excuse she gives. As the Times reports:
Bremner says she had drinks with dinner the night of June 3, but was not drunk. Instead, she says she was the victim of a hit-and-run accident before her arrest and suffered a brain injury, resulting in behavior that mimicked the signs of alcohol impairment. She says she is seeking the court order to avoid negative publicity that could damage her reputation as a legal expert.
In documents the Times has already seen, the Sheriff's Office says Bremner didn't report an accident or request medical attention when arrested. A deputy saw her driving a BMW with a flattened tire. Once stopped, Bremner showed signs of impairment. "This is a straightforward DUI from our standpoint," said sheriff's spokesman Sgt. John Urquhart.
For a smart and creative lawyer whose client list includes cops and other public officials, the brain-damage excuse - while an oldie and a goodie - isn't much of a defense. It's a sure-fire headline maker, in fact. Of course, we're assuming that wasn't her intention. But her battle against disclosure conflicts with what's she's espoused in the past.
Under the headline "Justice rarely served by a rush to judgment," Bremner warned the public in a 2002 Times op-ed piece about rashly deciding a person's guilt. She had successfully defended a Bellevue foster mother, at the wheel of her car, accused of dragging her foster daughter through a parking lot.
Bremner noted that the "dragging mom" suffered from the public's early reaction - somewhat like Bremner is going through after her DUI arrest. "One of the most important protections in our criminal-justice system," she wrote, "is the presumption of innocence. That protection is not necessarily extended to someone tried in the court of public opinion."
But her point was that both sides should be heard from.
Readers and viewers exposed to earnest yet incomplete reports of an incident jump to conclusions, especially when the accused's version is not immediately provided. The fallout lands not just on the accused, but also on her family and friends.
Truth is complex, she stated, "and people are often not as bad as they are made out to be. In this case, [the "dragging mom"] made the difficult decision to come forward at enormous personal cost, and the media did the right thing and allowed her to tell her story."
Though Bremner, a former deputy prosecutor, is refusing to allow her story to be fully told today by challenging the release of public records to the public and media, she told readers back then they should "pursue justice" by seeking out the truth:
Savvy consumers of the news need to recognize the natural limitations of what they're seeing or reading. When a report sounds too simple -- or too one-sided -- ask yourself who didn't get a chance to tell their story.
In today's case, that would be the cops.


text:
Nov 10, 2011
Reports state that the current over-supply has seen the swine price drop. "The severity of any shortage will depend on the government's policy, especially involving the control of live swine exports - if they these exports can be kept at an appropriate level.
(By Joyce Rainat)
Editor PigProgress
To comment, login here
Or register to be able to comment.
Vincent ter Beek
Apr 29
Vincent ter Beek
Apr 28


text:
Thanks for helping us sort this video!
Thanks for helping us associate the correct Pornstars to this video!
Help Us: Do these Pornstars appear in this video?
Pornstar Name:
All Comments (4)
hot girls!!!!! nice thressome
what's in a name? it's pussy and general fuckness that interests us
what are the girls name?


text:
Quick story
My friend and I were fast forwarding through some commercials on a VHS, and while fast forwarding through the VHS i see a Black kid with an ax over his head bringing it down splitting another Black kids head open, when it was over i immediately pressed STOP, all this looks normal, it didn't have the fast forwarding VHS analog look. When it was over i look at my friend and my friend looks at me, and i say to him, "did you see that?" And he responds "yeah, those Black kids?" and by that point we were just finishing each other sentences. When we pressed play and rewound the tape it was gone, we litterally went through about 6 different commercial segments looking for the same figure or something resembling the same colours.
I just want to know if anyone's seen the same thing or had similar experiecnes with a VHS, DVD, Recording, et cetera.
Any psychics, experts, know the technical name for what we saw, or what happened to us??
I'm researching this personal experience because it's the only thing stopping me from believing in paranormal phenomenon.
I don't believe my house to be haunted, i think maybe I might be just a tad bit sensitive to phenomena like this because my mom says i used to ask for bandaids for a girl who was bleeding, and that i would learn a couple English words even though i only spoke Spanish when i was a little kid, and later we found out that a little girl had died on our premises... but as far as i know i haven't seen anything besides the VHS.
Welcome to Unexplained Mysteries! Please sign in or create an account to start posting and to access a host of extra features.
What type of Ghost was this?
Ghost on VHSghost paranormal vhs evp dissappear
Started by thelivingmanpart2 , Jan 21 2013 12:42 AM
Started by thelivingmanpart2 , Jan 21 2013 12:42 AM
4 replies to this topic
Also tagged with ghost, paranormal, vhs, evp, dissappear
0 user(s) are reading this topic
0 members, 0 guests, 0 anonymous users


text:
Genesee County Family Fights to Keep Pet Deer
Updated: 06/04/2013 - A Genesee County family is fighting to keep their family pet after the DNR has told them it is illegal.
Updated: 06/04/2013 - A Genesee County family is fighting to keep their family pet after the DNR has told them it is illegal.
Posted: 06/03/2013 - General Mills ad showing bi-racial family sparks storm of negative comments
Posted: 05/31/2013 - The White House says an asteroid more than 1 1/2 miles long poses no threat to planet Earth.
Updated: 05/28/2013 - A Philadelphia bike courier rides a bicycle with his cat on his shoulder
Updated: 05/24/2013 - Rare footage of blind and deaf author, Helen Keller.
Posted: 05/22/2013 - Researchers say Thailand is showing the world how to respond to the global food crisis: by raising bugs for eating.
Posted: 05/21/2013 - Poll: Teens migrating to Twitter
Updated: 05/17/2013 - A gun control support group is suing a north Georgia town that has a law requiring gun ownership.
Posted: 05/16/2013 - The city of Keene, N.H., has sued a group that feeds change into parking meters that are about to expire
Updated: 05/16/2013 - Are wealthy people using disabled people to get through lines faster at Disney World?
Updated: 05/16/2013 - A deer goes through the windshield of a bus, and lives to tell the tale.
Posted: 05/14/2013 - It's being called the first music video made in space.
Updated: 05/15/2013 - Wisconsin boy gets handwritten response from Biden
Updated: 05/13/2013 - Huge ice sheets pushed up from a Minnesota lake into residential yards
Updated: 05/10/2013 - Most popular baby names of 2012
Posted: 05/02/2013 - San Diego students suspended for 'twerking' video
Posted: 04/30/2013 - Police in India have arrested a man who allowed his 9-year-old son to drive his Ferrari.
Posted: 04/26/2013 - Luckily, she had a planned colonoscopy.
Posted: 04/24/2013 - Obama: 'Family tattoo' may discourage daughters
Posted: 04/23/2013 - Medical warning against latest food fad
Posted: 04/15/2013 - Pa. woman cited for calling 911 seeking divorce
Updated: 04/12/2013 - Top baristas duke it out for national championship
Updated: 04/12/2013 - Fan meets Bob Seger after awakening from semi-coma
Posted: 04/11/2013 - An Australian tourism gimmick has garnished 40.000 applicants from around the globe. The tourism association is looking for 6 people to have "the best job in the world" for a year.
Posted: 04/11/2013 - Ex-Mich. congresswoman to preside over ET hearing


text:
| Tiger Rant
| Johnny Jones just got roasted on Memphis radio - PacWilly on 12/16/15 at 11:34 am
Chris Vernon on local ESPN affiliate was discussing J. Martin's development for the Grizzlies. In that context, he said that anyone that was good at LSU should be able to be developed further. He followed that up with saying Jones doesn't know what he is doing and our program is a mess. Our p...View Topic - Replies (18)
| LSU Recruiting
| How desperate are we to get a LB in this class? - PacWilly on 2/3/15 at 8:23 am
We have zero commitments that we know of for 2015. I'm a little worried about depth if Garrett or Alexander can't step up. Does Louisiana have good LBs in 2016? ...
Posted on LSU RecruitingView Topic - Replies (6)
| SEC Rant
| Bama 2015 offense - returning starters (only 2?) - PacWilly on 1/2/15 at 9:57 am
Is it likely Bama only returns 2 starters on offense next year? Robinson and Kelly on the OL Players leaving? 3 WRs or 2 WRs/TE (White, Vogler, Jones + Cooper early) 3 OL - Koundjio, Brown, Shepherd QB - Sims FB - Fowler RB - Yeldon (early) I'm sure there's plenty of talent behind thes...
Posted on SEC RantView Topic - Replies (8)
| Tiger Rant
| Harris - Miles response on radio show told alot IMO - PacWilly on 11/26/14 at 8:53 am
I didn't listen to Miles show last night, but Dandydon posted the following on one question: [i]"When asked by Donald from Vicksburg why Harris has received 50% of the snaps in practice yet has not received more playing time, Miles answered by saying, "We've chosen not to make the decision on our...View Topic - Replies (47)
| Tiger Rant
| Has an LSU player ever blatantly called out Miles like this? - PacWilly on 10/8/14 at 8:24 am
[link=(http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/ncaaf-dr-saturday/aj-mccarron-says-he-s-known-nick-saban-to--handcuff--offensive-coordinators-115740498.html)]LINK[/link] McCarron accusing Saban of handcuffing Alabama OCs ...View Topic - Replies (17)
| Tiger Rant
| Who are you pulling for in SEC West now that LSU is out? - PacWilly on 10/7/14 at 3:38 pm
I wouldn't mind seeing MSU win it. Can't stand to pull for Ole Miss, aTm, Bama or Auburn. With a gun to my head, I'd take Arkansas second. ...View Topic - Replies (45)
| Tiger Rant
| Gunner Takes Some Responsibility for Backing out on Miles - PacWilly on 5/14/14 at 12:17 pm
He gets a little respect from me by owning up to leading LSU on. He's growing up... [link=(http://college-football.si.com/2014/05/14/gunner-kiel-cincinnati-bearcats/)]Gunner Takes Some Responsibility for Backing out on Miles[/link]...View Topic - Replies (13)
| Tiger Rant
| Anybody know how Grimes is gelling with the OL? - PacWilly on 3/13/14 at 8:52 am
How are the seniors taking to him and has he taken "ownership" of OL drills? In the past, it seemed like Miles was running OL drills many times....View Topic - Replies (7)
| Tiger Rant
| Would you want Muschamp as DC if he were fired? - PacWilly on 11/4/13 at 8:08 pm
Just reading how UF is struggling...I was wondering if Muschamp would be a good fit at LSU at DC if he were fired from UF. That's assuming Chavis moved on...View Topic - Replies (10)
| Tiger Rant
| Alex Nola a player to watch at CWS - PacWilly on 6/14/13 at 2:15 pm
I guess they had trouble making up their mind who was going to make an impact for the Tigers... [link=(http://www.ncaa.com/news/baseball/article/2013-06-13/carrying-load-0)]Alex Nola[/link]...View Topic - Replies (15)
| Tiger Rant
| Bama's TE crossing route and "picking" the DB - PacWilly on 12/14/11 at 12:42 pm
Against Auburn, Bama ran a shallow crossing route to the TE across the middle for much success. On these plays, Bama put its wide receiver from the opposite side on a shallow crossing route too. Gary Danielson pointed out on a couple of occasions that the DB from Auburn was getting picked by the ...View Topic - Replies (8)
| Tiger Rant
| Miles and Passing Game (Advocate) - PacWilly on 10/27/10 at 8:39 am
From the Advocate this morning: [quote]What is the problem? "We're throwing it, I'll tell you that," Miles said after Tuesday's practice, LSU's first since the Auburn game. "I don't know. "We're working at it, the players and coaches are taking the time, and we're throwing balls."[/quote] Th...View Topic - Replies (8)
Advertising Info
Privacy Policy
Where to Watch LSU
Contact Us
© 2016 TigerDroppings.com. All Rights Reserved


text:
3572 Views 2 Replies Latest reply: Jul 13, 2008 11:11 AM by Adrian Clarke1
Duane Jul 8, 2008 11:32 AM
in response to jbgodfreyjbgodfrey, Welcome to the discussion area!
You can get it directly from Apple. The iBook G4 has a mini-VGA output not a DVI output. You need the Apple VGA Display Adapter (M8639G/A).
Adrian Clarke1 Jul 13, 2008 11:11 AM
in response to jbgodfreyHi jbgodfrey and likewise welcome!
As Duane says, but there should have been one of these in with your iBook.
If not, or you've lost it, back to Duane's suggestion or eBay, etc.
Good luck,


text:
Join spankwire.com today for FREE, and gain added functionality
that members enjoy.
Passwords are case sensitive.
Home made video by drivers. Amateur video.
I think this might be Nepali
wtf is up with the music? LMAO...great one, still. thxx
lol @ baubau. sucked for porn but soundtrack was... entertaining?
Best music ever!
worst porn... ever!!
What the hell?!!'s that sound track?
Its fucking good man.nervous driver fucking pro.asian bitch.enjoy
Help improve Spankwire by telling us who
the stars are in this video.
Pornstars are added once we get
enough submissions with the same name.
Privacy Policy | Terms of Use | 18 U.S.C. 2257 |
Contact | DMCA
| Feedback | Mobile version | Sitemap


text:
Quadruple jumps becoming standard for top skaters
Updated: January 27, 2013, 7:05 PM ETAssociated Press
OMAHA, Neb. -- The three quadruple jumps Spain's Javier Fernandez landed in his long program at the European championships this weekend didn't go unnoticed by the men at the U.S. championships.
The degree of difficulty in pulling off the four-revolution jump one time, let alone three, is extremely high. The way the sport is evolving, skaters who want to achieve the highest rewards had better be able to execute the high-risk trick.
"To be really, truly competitive, you have to have ...
Read full story
You must be signed in to post a comment
You are fully responsible for the content you post. Content that includes profanity, personal attacks or antisocial behavior (such as "spamming" or "trolling"), or other inappropriate content or material will be removed. We reserve the right to block any user who violates our terms of use, including removing all content posted by that user.


text:
Lip balm, lighters taken from vehicleMarch 14,2013Lip balm, lighters
taken from vehicle
A Rutland man is accused of breaking into a car in the Green Mountain Shopping Plaza and stealing, among other things, lip balm and several lighters.
Police were called to the plaza on Route 7 in Rutland Town at 1:44 p.m. Tuesday for a report of someone trying to steal DVDs from Hannafords supermarket.
But en route, police were notified that the suspect had moved to the parking lot where a Center Rutland woman said she found a man rooting through her car.
When the woman confronted the man, he turned over several items to her including the lip balm and lighters and then fled behind the Holiday Inn, police said.
After a short foot chase, police say they apprehended Brandon Luther, 21, hiding in a group of trees.
Luther was charged with petty larceny and was taken to the Rutland jail on an outstanding arrest warrant related to another incident.
He was issued a citation to appear in Rutland criminal court to answer to the larceny charge next month.MORE IN This Just In
BARRE - A Vermont state representative has admitted to one count of negligent driving... Full StoryMONTPELIER The Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department is urging residents to avoid attracting... Full Story
MONKTON — A woman who occupied a tree to block pipeline construction... Full Story
- Most Popular
- Most Emailed


text:
Hotels, Restaurants and Leisure
Company Overview of Big Buck Brewery & Steakhouse Inc.
Company Overview
Big Buck Brewery & Steakhouse, Inc. engages in the development and operation of restaurant-brewpubs. It operates one unit each in the cities of Gaylord, Grand Rapids, and Auburn Hills, in Michigan. In addition, it has a unit in Grapevine, Texas, a suburb of Dallas under a joint venture agreement with Bass Pro Outdoor World, LLC. The company offers craft brewed beer brewed on site. Its units offer approximately 10 different types of beers ranging from light golden ale to full-bodied stout. It also offers customers, hard liquors; and also sells merchandise, including hats, t-shirts, sweatshirts, and other items bearing the Big Buck Brewery & Steakhouse name and logo.
550 South Wisconsin Street
Gaylord, MI 49734
United States
Founded in 1993
111 Employees
Key Executives for Big Buck Brewery & Steakhouse Inc.
Big Buck Brewery & Steakhouse Inc. does not have any Key Executives recorded.
Similar Private Companies By Industry
|Company Name
|Fairway Properties, L.P.
|United States
|Hyatt Regency Tamaya Resort & Spa
|United States
|World Of Outlaws Inc.
|United States
|Artisan Bread, LLC
|United States
|Pinnacle Hotels, Inc.
|United States
Recent Private Companies Transactions
|No transactions available in the past 12 months.
Most Searched Private Companies
|Company Name
|Geographic Region
|Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law
|United States
|NYC2012, Inc.
|United States
|Bertelsmann AG
|Rush University
|United States
|Bloomberg L.P.
|United States
Sponsored Financial Commentaries
Sponsored Links
Only a company representative may request an update for the company profile. Documentation will be required.
To contact Big Buck Brewery & Steakhouse Inc., please visit www.bigbuck.com. Company data is provided by Capital IQ. Please use this form to report any data issues.
Our data partners will research the update request and update the information on this page if necessary. Research and follow-up could take several weeks. If you have questions, you can contact them at email@example.com.


text:
I got 1970 Crescent Pepita Professional De Luxe 320 given to me by a family friend. The bike is in really good condition, though the paint on the top tube has been damaged by sweat from all the riding the previous owner did on it. All the components are Campy Record. I'm rebuilding the wheels because I lack the knowledge and the money to use the Tubular rims that are on it. Out of curiosity, does anyone know the value of this bike?
I'm going to keep it to ride no matter what the value is, but its a nice looking bike to have.
Also, any other information you guys have on this bike would be great.


text:
More Ways to Navigate
Projects and Collaborations
Find projects on which SERC is a leader or collaborator
Hazards ActivitiesHelp
Show all pages
Resource Type: Activitiesshowing only Activities > Writing Assignment Show all Resource Type: Activities
Resource Type: Activities Show all Resource Type: Activities
Activities > Writing Assignment10 matches
Results 1 - 10 of 10 matches
Old Sticks in the Mud: Hazards of Lahars from Mount Rainier Volcano
Patrick Pringle, Centralia College
Volcanic debris flows (lahars) flow long distances, bury and aggrade river valleys, and cause long-term stream disturbances and dramatic landscape changes. Students will evaluate the nature, scale, and history of ...
Earthquake Compare and Contrast Paper
Students will write a research paper comparing the Sumatran (2004) and Tohoku (2011) tsunami generating earthquakes.
Student Lead Discussions: Articles from the Literature and Final Writing Assignment
Dave Dempsey, San Francisco State University
This is a two-stage assignment. The first stage is a student-led discussion of a set of closely related articles selected by the instructors from the climate change literature. The second stage is an 8-12 page ...
Earthquake Shaking and Damage
Eric Baer, Highline Community College
This student homework and problem set has students quantitatively earthquake hazard, shaking and damage.
Hurricane Investigation
Melinda Huff, Northeastern Oklahoma Agricultural and Mech Coll
This is a simple homework assignment that will reinforce topics discussed in lecture as well as enabling students to search and analyze information on the web.
Hurricane Tracking
Lisa Doner, Plymouth State University
This is a homework assignment that focuses student attention on ongoing hurricane/tropical storm development, often during the height of hurricane season. The students are directed to a web site (I like ...
Tropical Cyclones and Global Change
Jenni Evans, Pennsylvania State University-Main Campus
This is a full semester project focusing on tropical cyclones and climate change for my undergraduate tropical meteorology class. It consists of five parts, outlined below.
Rich Whittecar, Old Dominion University
This is a semester-long writing project that incorporates exercises completed during first two thirds of the term. Students evaluate geomorphic conditions and potential hazards on one of four properties in western ...
Short Geology Research Paper
Mary Gorte, Delta College
Students are assigned to take a topic and research it in some depth, beyond the discussion in the class or in the book. The paper is 4-6 typed pages in length. Suggested topics include geologic hazards, geologic ...
Discussing Earth
Michael Kimberley, North Carolina State University at Raleigh
Students are invited to hour-long discussions of controversial geologic topics on Sunday afternoons. Those who attend (about half the class) submit page-long essays through Vista for comments and assessment. A ...


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 5, 2002
|Filing date
|Mar 8, 1999
|Priority date
|Mar 31, 1998
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Kenneth R. Whight
|Original Assignee
|U.S. Philips Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (11), Classifications (10), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to an electronic navigation apparatus, and further relates to a method of operating such an apparatus.
A variety of electronic navigation systems are known. All work by having a plurality of radio transmitters, each transmitting information about its respective position, this information enabling a receiver to determine its position from the received signals. Currently available systems include GPS (Global Positioning System), a US satellite-based system, and GLONASS (GLObal NAvigation Satellite System), the Russian equivalent.
Receivers for such systems are used in a variety of applications, including boats and aircraft. An increasingly popular application is in electronic guidance systems for vehicles, where the electronic navigation system is used in conjunction with an electronic map to direct the vehicle driver to their desired destination.
GPS is a widely used system and comprises a constellation of typically 24 satellites in six inclined, approximately 12-hour circular orbits around the earth. Each satellite carries extremely accurate atomic clocks, and transmits a uniquely coded spread spectrum signal on a carrier frequency centred at 1.575 GHz which provides information about the current time and location of the satellite. There are coarse and fine versions of the spread spectrum signals, the former being for civilian usage and the latter for military applications. Reception of coarse signals from four or more satellites provides sufficient information for the receiver to be able to determine its three-dimensional position on (or near) the earth's surface and the current time. The satellite orbits are arranged so that there are always at least four satellites visible at any point on the earth's surface, unless the receiver's view of the sky is blocked by buildings or other obstructions.
As well as determination of the receiver's position, derived from the time of arrival of each of the satellite signals, the receiver's velocity can be determined from the Doppler shift in the frequency of the transmission from each satellite.
The nature of the transmitted signal gives rise to random fluctuations in the apparent position and velocity of the receiver. This fluctuation is undesirable, and some filtering mechanism is generally used before the position and velocity are reported to the user of the receiver. In such a process, information about previous position and velocity of the receiver is combined with new measurements to arrive at a statistically acceptable result. This process takes into account both the confidence in the old results and the quality of the new measurements. It also enables the receivers position to be extrapolated for short periods when insufficient satellites are visible for accurate positional fixes to be made, based on the assumption of constant velocity.
Information about the acceleration of the receiver can further improve the accuracy of the filtering process and its immunity to noise. At present, such information can only be obtained from mechanical accelerometers (effectively one or more masses on springs), which cannot be conveniently combined with an integrated circuit. A discussion of how to integrate a GPS receiver and an inertial navigation system including accelerometers, indicating some of the complexities involved, is provided in "Understanding GPS: Principles and Applications", page 395, E D Kaplan, Artech House, 1996.
An object of the present invention is to improve the determination of acceleration in an electronic navigation apparatus.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided an electronic navigation apparatus comprising first and second tracking channels, the first tracking channel having a carrier tracking loop arranged to track accurately the frequency of a remote transmitter as received, the second tracking channel having a tracking loop arranged to track less accurately under dynamic conditions the frequency of the remote transmitter as received, and means for combining the accurately and less accurately tracked frequencies to provide a measure of a kinematic parameter of the navigation apparatus relative to the remote transmitter.
Advantageously, to determine the order n kinematic parameter (where n=3 for acceleration, n=4 for jerk, etc) the accurate carrier tracking loop is implemented as a phase locked loop of order n, and the less accurate carrier tracking loop is implemented as a frequency locked loop of order n−2 or a phase locked loop of order n−1.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of operating an electronic navigation apparatus comprising first and second tracking channels, the first tracking channel having a carrier tracking loop arranged to track accurately the frequency of a remote transmitter as received, the second tracking channel having a tracking loop arranged to track less accurately under dynamic conditions the frequency of the remote transmitter as received, the method comprising combining the accurately and less accurately tracked frequencies to provide a measure of a kinematic parameter of the navigation apparatus relative to the remote transmitter.
The present invention is based upon the recognition, not present in the prior art, that targeting a plurality of carrier tracking loops having different dynamic tracking properties on a remote transmitter enables acceleration and higher order kinematic parameters to be derived.
By means of the present invention determination of acceleration and higher order kinematic parameters directly from the received transmissions by electronic circuitry is enabled.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a typical GPS receiver;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the parts of a channel required for carrier tracking;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an idealised tracking loop
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the measurement sequence for determining acceleration;
FIG. 5 is a graph of frequency error in Hz against time in seconds for different loops during constant acceleration;
FIG. 6 is a graph of reported acceleration in m/s2 against time in seconds;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a system for determining acceleration; and
FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating a method of obtaining the acceleration of the receiver.
In the drawings the same reference numerals have been used to indicate corresponding features.
Architectures for GPS and other electronic navigation systems are well known, for example as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,754,465 and 4,970,523. FIG. 1 illustrates schematically one such architecture. An antenna 102 collects signals from a plurality of remote transmitters (for GPS these are right-hand circularly polarised signals on a carrier at 1.575 GHz). The received signals are fed into a Radio Frequency (RF) front end 104, comprising a comparatively simple analogue section which mixes the received signals down to a much lower Intermediate Frequency (IF).
The IF output from the RF front end 104 is fed into the baseband processing block 106. This contains the digital circuitry necessary to decode the spread spectrum signals from the different remote transmitters and process the information to calculate the position and velocity of the user. This section is normally made up of a combination of custom hardware arranged as a number of parallel channels CH1 to CHN, each capable of tracking the signal from a single remote transmitter, together with some form of embedded microprocessor or digital signal processor (PROC) 110, which controls the channels and performs the position and velocity calculations.
In known receivers, one remote transmitter is tracked by one channel. Although in principle only four channels are required, in practice it is found to be advantageous to have more. When the receiver is first switched on multiple channels may be targeted on one remote transmitter, thereby speeding up acquisition of its signal. When one of the channels has locked onto the signal from a respective remote transmitter, the remaining channels that were also attempting to lock onto that transmitter may be reallocated to attempting to track further remote transmitters. Although only four remote transmitters need to be tracked to enable the receiver to provide three dimensional position and velocity readings, tracking more remote transmitters enables the receiver to improve the accuracy of the reported position and velocity, and also provides redundancy in case reception of signals from one or more of the remote transmitters is interrupted.
The output from the baseband processing block 106 is information about the position and velocity of the receiver, which information is passed to a user interface block 108 for display.
The main function of each channel in the baseband processing block 106 is to track the signal from a respective single remote transmitter, selected on the basis of its unique spreading code. This function in turn splits into two related tasks, tracking of the transmitted carrier signal and tracking of the transmitted code.
FIG. 2 is a more detailed view of one of the channels showing only the components concerned with carrier tracking, the aim of which is to arrange for a locally generated signal to follow the carrier part of an incoming IF signal 202 as closely as possible. A carrier Numerically Controlled Oscillator (NCO) 204 generates the local oscillator signal, providing two outputs, 206 and 208, with a 90� phase difference between them. The incoming IF signal 202 is split into two parts, one of which is combined by a mixer 210 with the first output 206 of the carrier NCO 204 to produce a signal in an in-phase (I) channel 214, the other of which is combined by a mixer 212 with the second output 208 of the NCO 204 to produce a signal in a quadrature (Q) channel 216.
The net signal in the I channel 214 is integrated over a defined measurement period (for example 1 ms) by an I accumulator (I-ACC) 218, and the result is provided as an output 220 for access by the processor 110. Similarly, the net signal in the Q channel 216 is integrated over the same measurement period by a Q accumulator (Q-ACC) 222, and the result is provided as an output 224 for access by the processor 110. The carrier tracking loop is completed by the processor 110 providing an input 226 to the carrier NCO 204 which controls the frequency and phase of the generated signals 206, 208. Hence, both the type of loop and its responsiveness can be modified under control of the processor 110. The two basic types of loop used are:
a Frequency Locked Loop (FLL), in which the processor 110 tries to keep the frequencies of the locally generated signals 206, 208 and incoming IF signal 202 the same; and
a Phase Locked Loop (PLL), in which the processor 110 tries to ensure that the locally generated signals 206, 208 remain in phase with the incoming IF signal 202. There is also a variant of the PLL known as a Costas Loop, which preserves the data modulated on the baseband signal and is therefore often used.
Although the theory of FLLs and PLLs is well known, as described for example in "Phaselock Techniques", second edition, F M Gardner, John Wiley and Sons, 1979, some of the terminology used herein differs from that used elsewhere. It is therefore useful to provide a very brief overview of the properties of such loops.
An idealised tracking loop, which can be configured as either a PLL or an FLL, is shown in FIG. 3. An input signal 302 is applied to one input of a phase comparator 304. The phase comparator generated an output signal 306 which is directly proportional to the phase difference Ψ between the input signal 302 and an output signal 308 of a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) 310. The phase comparator output signal 306 is used as the input signal for a filter 312, whose output 314 drives the VCO 310 to produce its output signal 306.
Depending on the choice of filtering function implemented in the filter 312 a variety of PLLs and FLLs can be generated. The sensitivity to dynamic behaviour of these loops is characterised by their order. Consider initially a PLL. In a first order PLL the output voltage 314 of the filter 312 is proportional to the output voltage of the phase comparator 304 (in other words the filter 312 does nothing except possibly scaling the voltage). The phase difference Ψ(t) between the inputs 302, 308 to the phase comparator obeys the following differential equation:
where Ψ(t) is an arbitrary function of time, representing the change in frequency as a result of the dynamics of the GPS user, and k is a time constant for the loop which determines its sensitivity to changes in frequency.
In a second order PLL the output 314 of the filter 312 is equal to the output signal 306 from the phase comparator 304 together with an additional voltage proportional to the integral of past output voltages 306 from the phase comparator 304. The phase difference Ψ(t) between the inputs 302, 308 to the phase comparator obeys the following differential equation:
Such a loop is normally operated as a critically damped loop, by which is meant a loop that returns to equilibrium, after a disturbance, in the shortest time and with minimal transient excursion. For such a loop, both the exponential decay and oscillatory components of the transient behaviour of the loop have the same time constant k. A condition for a second order PLL to operate under critical damping is that the roots of the auxiliary equation are equal to −k(1�i). The auxiliary equation is obtained by substituting Ψ=A emt into the homogeneous version of equation 2 above, to yield
For the roots of this equation to have the required values, C1=2k2 and Co=2k2. Hence, the differential equation followed by a critically damped second order PLL is
In a third order PLL the output 314 of the filter 312 is the same as that for a second order PLL with an additional voltage proportional to the double integral of past output voltages 306 from the phase comparator 304. The phase difference Ψ(t) between the inputs 302, 308 to the phase comparator obeys the following differential equation for a critically damped loop:
In this case a condition for critical damping is that the three roots of the auxiliary equation are equal to −k and −k(1�i).
The different orders of PLL behave differently in response to changes in signal frequency Ψ. A first order PLL exhibits a constant phase error when the signal frequency differs from the natural frequency of the loop, as would occur during a velocity-induced Doppler shift. A second order PLL exhibits a constant phase error under constant acceleration and, following a transient excursion, is insensitive to a velocity-induced Doppler shift. A third order PLL is insensitive to constant accelerations and exhibits a constant phase error under constant jerk (rate of change of acceleration).
For an FLL, the output 314 of the filter 312 should be related to the frequency difference between the input signals 302, 308 to the phase comparator. A suitable output is obtained by using
instead of Ψ for the output 314 of the filter 312, where T is a sample period and dΨ/dt is the instantaneous error frequency. T is typically a short period such as 1 ms so that phase lock is not lost (which would happen if T dΨ/dt became greater than π/2). The effect of this substitution is that a second order PLL becomes a first order FLL and therefore has similar behaviour, in particular it exhibits a constant frequency error under constant acceleration.
The differential equation obeyed by a critically damped first order FLL is
where α is the time constant of the first order FLL, related to its k value and to its sample period T by
Returning to the carrier tracking channel shown in FIG. 2, any difference in frequency between the incoming IF signal 202 and locally generated signals 206, 208 results in a signal having a frequency equal to that difference in both the I channel 214 and Q channel 216. This signal can be used to drive a FLL. Further, the phase error of the generated signals 206, 208 can be obtained as arctan(Q/I) , where Q is the signal in the Q channel 216 and I is the signal in the I channel 214. Generally, it is preferred to use a FLL for initial acquisition of a carrier signal from a remote transmitter, while using a PLL once the signal has been acquired. Further details of the theory of tracking loops may be found, for example, in "Understanding GPS: Principles and Applications", chapter 5, E D Kaplan, Artech House, 1996.
For the purposes of understanding the present invention, it is important to note that, while the carrier tracking in a channel is normally controlled to follow the incoming IF signal 202 accurately (referred to as an agile loop in this specification), the processor 110 can be arranged to produce any desired characteristics of the tracking loop. In particular, the carrier tracking may be controlled so that the rate at which the processor can change the frequency of the carrier NCO 226 is less than the rate at which the carrier frequency can change (referred to as a sluggish loop in this specification). Alternatively, a higher order loop (for example a third order PLL, not sensitive to acceleration) can be used to track the carrier frequency accurately, and a lower order loop (for example a first order FLL, sensitive to acceleration but not to velocity changes) can be used to track the carrier frequency less accurately.
Each channel comprises additional components (not shown) which are concerned with code tracking, which aims to keep a locally generated version of the code transmitted by a remote transmitter in phase with the transmitted version as closely as possible. The code tracking part of the channel will not be described as it is not relevant to an understanding of the present invention and implementations are well known, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,970,523 for example.
The carrier frequency received from a remote transmitter will normally be modified from that transmitted by a Doppler shift. The originally transmitted frequency is known, so the receiver can determine the frequency shift Δf caused by the relative motion of the receiver and the remote transmitter. The component of the velocity of the receiver relative to the remote transmitter along a line between the two is then given by:
where ft is the frequency actually transmitted and c is the speed of light. This relationship is valid as long as v<<c, which will always be the case in practice. A positive shift in frequency indicates that the receiver and remote transmitter are moving towards one another, a negative shift that they are moving apart.
In practice, four satellites are required to obtain a three dimensional velocity measurement as there are four unknowns to be determined (three components of velocity and the error in the local frequency measurement). The acceleration of the receiver can be derived from the rate of change of measured velocity, but this is unsatisfactory because of random errors in the measured velocity. (It is for the same reason that it is preferred to compute velocity from Doppler shift measurements rather than from the rate of change of position.)
Now consider how to compute velocity and acceleration. FIG. 4 illustrates the real and measured parameters for two consecutive measurement periods. Measured parameters are shown above the time line, real parameters below. The system measures the frequency of the received signal by counting the number of signal cycles in a measurement period, of duration τ. The nth measurement period lasts from time tn−1 to tn, and the n+1th measurement period from time tn to tn+1. The real (instantaneous) frequency at time t is denoted by f(t) . The estimated frequency for the nth measurement period is denoted by Fn. If the measurement loop is accurate, this is the average frequency over the measurement period.
To simplify the mathematics, shift the time origin so that the nth measurement period begins at time t=0, with the result that tn−1=0 and tn=τ. If f(t) is assumed to vary linearly with time between measurement points then in the nth measurement period it can be written as
where an is a constant for the nth measurement period. Hence,
The estimated frequency Fn is obtained by counting the signal cycles in the nth measurement period and dividing by the length of the period, i.e.
Hence, for a linear variation of frequency between measurement periods, Fn is the estimated frequency at the centre of the nth measurement period. This is equal to the actual frequency at that time if the measurement loop is sufficiently agile to track changes in the carrier frequency accurately. The estimated rate of change of frequency at time tn, denoted by An is defined as
This estimate is an average of current and past rates of change (and so will tend to smooth out the reported acceleration).
The above discussion has assumed that the measurement loop can track accurately changes in frequency of the carrier signal. Consider now a loop where this is not the case, for example a critically damped loop with time constant α, which measures the frequency as f′(t) . For a first order FLL, the rate of change of f′(t) is proportional to the difference between this frequency and the real frequency f(t), and therefore
This equation has a general solution of
where k is a constant determined by the boundary conditions. If the acceleration is assumed to be constant in the nth measurement period, f(t) is given by equation 10. The resulting solution for the frequency reported by the sluggish loop, f′(t), is
where the initial running frequency of the sluggish loop at the start of the nth measurement period is f′(tn−1). The estimated frequency (derived in the same way as that for the agile loop in equation 12) is
Using the formula for the estimated frequency reported by the agile loop, from equation 12, enables the difference between the estimated frequencies reported by the two loops to be written as
This equation can be integrated and re-arranged to yield the value of an as
If the two loops are initially set to the same state, at time t0, then f′(t0)=f(t0) and equation 19 yields a1 directly. For subsequent measurement periods the frequency difference between the two loops can be determined from the known acceleration in each measurement period, using equation 16:
Hence, differencing the frequency estimates provided by the two tracking loops enables the current acceleration parameter an to be determined directly. As well as providing the acceleration more accurately than by use of equation 13 (which is an average of current and past acceleration), the result provided by this method is not affected by random errors in the measurement of velocity.
Implementations of this method may proceed by selecting an appropriate value of α then measuring the corresponding differences in frequencies between the loops. Alternatively the value of a used by the sluggish loop could be modified to attempt to maintain a chosen, fixed frequency difference between the two loops.
In the first case, a typical requirement for a tracking loop to function correctly is that the phase difference between the loop feedback signal and the real signal (as tracked by the agile loop) should not exceed π/2. If the agile and sluggish loops were set to the same state at t=0, after a time T the difference in phase ΔΨ between the two loops is given by
From knowledge of the system dynamics, the maximum acceleration likely and the time for which it can be sustained are known. If this maximum acceleration is a and it can be sustained for time T, substituting equation 16 into equation 21 and performing the integration gives
Using this relationship, if a maximum acceleration of 10 m/s2 can be sustained for a maximum of 10 s, an appropriate value of α is about 64/s.
The exact form of the relaxation function used in the above equations is not critical. The form of equation 14 is appropriate for representing the response of a critically damped loop. Other loop response functions may be used in practice, for example a lightly damped loop where the response to a step change in frequency is a function which oscillates about the final value with the amplitude of the oscillations decreasing exponentially. The above derivation could be carried through for any defined loop function, with equivalent results.
The above discussion has assumed that both loops are first order FLLs, one with an agile response and the other with a sluggish response. Improved and simplified operation can be obtained if the agile loop is instead a third order PLL and the time constants of both loops are arranged so that they return to equilibrium at the same rate. This is done by setting a for the FLL, in equation 7, to be the same as k in equation 5, and enables acceleration to be derived simply from the difference in frequency reported by the two loops, without the need to reference previous frequency values.
Alternatively, the first order FLL could be replaced by a second order PLL, with the time constant k set equal to that for the third order PLL. An advantage of using the first order FLL instead of the second order PLL is that the FLL is less likely to lose its lock on the signal.
FIG. 5 is a graph of frequency error in Hz against time in seconds for both first order FLL and third order PLL loops. It shows the response of the loops to a constant 15 m/s2 acceleration starting at t=0, with phase noise added to the input signal. The time constant k for the third order PLL was set to k=8.7/s. As expected, the third order PLL is unaffected by the acceleration, after a brief initial error, while the first order FLL reaches a constant frequency error after a similar time.
FIG. 6 shows the reported acceleration, in m/s2, against time in seconds, derived from subtracting the outputs of the two loops. The phase noise is, to some extent, subtracted out since it is correlated in both loops. For this value of k it should be practical to resolve accelerations of 0.25 m/s2, corresponding to a 0.1 Hz frequency difference between the loops.
A system for determining acceleration according to the above description is shown in FIG. 7. The input to the system is the incoming IF signal 202. An accurate tracking loop 402 comprises one of the parallel channels CH1 to CHN together with the processor 110 which controls the loop to track accurately the incoming IF signal 202 and provide the measured frequency, Fn, on output line 404. A less accurate tracking loop 406 comprises another one of the parallel channels CH1 to CHN together with the processor 110, which controls the loop so that it does not track the incoming IF signal accurately under dynamic conditions. Depending on the setup of the loops, the less accurate loop 406 will either lag behind changes in the signal 202 according to a known relationship, for example that given in equation 14, or will have a frequency offset proportional to the acceleration. The measured frequency from the sluggish loop, F′n, is provided on output line 408.
A subtraction block 410 takes the difference of the two signals 408 and 404 (i.e. F′n−Fn) and provides it to an arithmetic block 412 which processes the signal appropriately. If the system is configured as two first order FLLs the signal is processed according to equation 19, so that the constant an is provided as output 414. Alternatively, if the system is configured as a first order FLL and a third order PLL no processing is required and output 414 is equal to the instantaneous frequency difference between the loops. Hence, using the Doppler shift formula given as equation 9, output 404 can be processed to yield the velocity of the receiver, and output 414 to yield its acceleration.
In practice, the most appropriate way to implement such a system is to take advantage of the flexibility of the receiver architecture, whereby the processor 110 controls the behaviour of the channels CH1 to CHN. FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating one possible method of operating the receiver. The first step 502 is to turn on the receiver, which initially enters the acquisition phase 504. Here the processor 110 directs each of the channels CH1 to CHN to a remote transmitter, and each channel attempts to track the signal from the transmitter to which it is directed. When the processor determines that sufficient signals have been acquired to obtain good positional information, it may decide to enter an acceleration measurement phase 506. Here some of the channels CH1 to CHN have their loop parameters modified to become less accurate loops 406. Each loop 406 is directed at a remote transmitter already being tracked by an accurate loop 402, and the combined output of the loops is used as described above to determine the acceleration.
If the quality of the received signals deteriorates, the processor 110 can decide that one or more of the less accurate loops 406 should be reconfigured as accurate loops 402 and directed at a currently untracked remote transmitter, to improve the quality of the positional fix. This flexibility enables maximum effort to be directed at obtaining accurate positional information when it is appropriate, while diverting channels to acceleration measurement when they can be spared.
Now consider how to obtain higher order kinematic parameters (jerk and beyond). If, instead of the linear variation of frequency with time assumed in equation 10 a quadratic variation is assumed, then in the nth measurement period the frequency can be written as
where an and bn are constants for the nth measurement period. Following the procedure described above for two first order FLLs, equation 18 is modified to
This equation can be integrated to yield a relationship between the accurate and less accurate loop running frequencies and the current acceleration and jerk parameters, an and bn respectively. Since there are two unknowns (an and bn), two equations are required, which can be provided by having two less accurate loops with distinct values of α. A suitable choice may be to have one loop with α determined by reference to the maximum acceleration and its duration, as described above, and a second loop with a somewhat higher value of α.
It can be seen that additional higher order kinematic parameters could be obtained in an analogous manner, each parameter adding one term to the representation of the frequency and requiring one additional loop.
Alternatively, by having just two loops and configuring the first loop as a PLL of order n and the second loop as a FLL of order n−2 (or a PLL of order n−1), higher order dynamic parameters can be determined directly from the difference in running frequencies (or phase errors) of the loops, as was shown above for acceleration (with n=3). All that is required is for both loops to be critically damped with the same time constants, as described above in relation to acceleration. The requirement for critical damping in relation to higher order loops is satisfied by having the roots of the respective auxiliary equation equal to −k or −k (1�i).
It should also be noted that one code tracking loop can be used to drive both the PLL and FLL used for measurement of acceleration or higher order kinematic parameters. In practice there is little advantage in doing this since additional channels, each having a code tracking loop, that are used to speed up acquisition can simply be switched to acceleration measurements once all satellites are acquired.
From reading the present disclosure, other modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art. Such modifications may involve other features which are already known in electronic navigation apparatus and methods of operating such apparatus, and which may be used instead of or in addition to features already described herein.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 17, 1986
|Jun 28, 1988
|Tracor Aerospace Austin, Inc.
|Codeless GPS sonde
|Mar 27, 1989
|Nov 13, 1990
|Trimble Navigation, Ltd.
|Differential doppler velocity GPS receiver
|Dec 22, 1995
|Dec 30, 1997
|Alliedsignal, Inc.
|Adaptive carrier phase lock loop in a GPS receiver
|Dec 7, 1995
|Sep 15, 1998
|Trimble Navigation Limited
|Fault detection and exclusion method for navigation satellite receivers
|Jul 17, 1998
|Oct 19, 1999
|Honeywell Inc.
|GPS signal fault isolation monitor
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 21, 2003
|Aug 31, 2004
|Lockheed Martin Corporation
|Personal surveillance system with locating capabilities
|Apr 22, 2002
|Jan 24, 2006
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Direction control device of control target
|Jul 15, 2004
|Jul 18, 2006
|Skyworks Solutions, Inc.
|Complex phase-locked loop demodulator for low-IF and zero-IF radio receivers
|May 17, 2006
|Feb 5, 2008
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Systems and methods for improved inertial navigation
|Jun 3, 2004
|Jan 10, 2012
|Centre National D'etudes Spatiales
|Method and device for the demodulation of satellite radio navigation signals
|Feb 21, 2003
|Aug 26, 2004
|Lockheed Martin Corporation
|Personal surveillance system with locating capabilities
|Jul 15, 2004
|Dec 9, 2004
|Neil Birkett
|Complex phase-locked loop demodulator for low-IF and zero-IF radio receivers
|May 17, 2006
|Nov 22, 2007
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Systems and methods for improved inertial navigation
|Jun 3, 2004
|Feb 7, 2008
|Centre National D'etudes Spatiales
|Method And Device For The Demodulation Of Satellite Radio Navigation Signals
|Jun 3, 2004
|Jan 27, 2010
|Method and device for the demodulation of satellite radio navigation signals
|Jun 3, 2004
|Jan 20, 2005
|Centre National D'etudes Spatiales
|Method and device for the demodulation of satellite radio navigation signals
|U.S. Classification
|342/357.22, 701/469
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 8, 1999
Owner name: U.S. PHILIPS CORPORATION, NEW YORK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WHIGHT, KENNETH R.;REEL/FRAME:009815/0801
Effective date: 19990122
|Aug 29, 2005
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Aug 27, 2009
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Sep 10, 2013
|Surcharge for late payment
Year of fee payment: 11
|Sep 10, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
I found out my pregnancy was ectopic on Monday, I suspected it before then. My levels last week were only in the 600's. Anyway, I had the Methotrexate shot yesterday morning. I've had diarrhea off and on since, worse today though. I've also just started getting pretty dizzy. Is this all normal after the shot or something I should be concerned about?
Normal or not?
Last edited 04/17/2013
Married 07/31/2010
Blighted Ovum 01/12 / Blighted Ovum 11/12 / Ectopic 04/13
Baby Boy due April 14, 2014!!!
Comments (1)
Posted 04/17/2013
I'm so sorry you're going through this. It sounds normal. I experienced a lot of lightheadedness and bad lower back cramps. It varies from person to person but most of us had some unpleasant side effects. If you get extreme pain definitely go to the ER. I hope this passes quickly for you. Hugs!
Baby Boy G born 12/11/13


text:
CLCC - Gullwing Leads
Ceramic Leaded Chip Carrier, Gullwing Leads
The footprints created for each individual package should be used as a reference only. Since these footprints are not part specific you will have to adjust the dimension to best fit your requirements.
- Package
- Outline
- Material Information


text:
"Face it tiger, you just hit the jackpot."
I was sad to see it go from the picture, but I like where someone put it, lol.
Was it you, zeroEDGE? ;D
Or was it always like that and I didn't even notice before now?
P.S. she may be hot, but I like her more for her personality. ;D


text:
March 29th, 2016
March 17th, 2016
February 23rd, 2016
December 22nd, 2015
December 1st, 2015
August 4th, 2015
July 15th, 2015
March 10th, 2015
February 4th, 2015
September 12th, 2014
September 10th, 2014
August 5th, 2014
May 21st, 2014
May 13th, 2014
April 14th, 2014
Log In or Sign Up to save recipes here.
Disclaimer: All reviews and opinions are based on personal experience. If I am not willing to spend my own money on it, it won't be mentioned here. If I am paid to write something, review something that has been provided to me for free or cover a brand that has given me any type of financial compensation or free "swag," you'll know. Read more here about how I select and work with brands and my full disclosure policy.


text:
The Black Series 6" Figures / Re: 6" Black Series Store Finds and Recent Purchases« on: December 16, 2015, 09:28 PM »
Today I picked up Luke Skywalker Jedi duel from tbs.
This section allows you to view all posts made by this member. Note that you can only see posts made in areas you currently have access to.


text:
Sign in now to view, license and download this image or contact us to see this image without a watermark. Want to embed this image on a non-commercial website or blog? Learn more.
Similar imagesView all
Surf On The Beach Stock PhotoAbsence,Beach,Cloud - Sky,Color Image,Day,Horizon Over Water,Nature,No People,Outdoors,Photography,Sand,Scenics,Sea,Sky,Still Life,Surf,Tranquil Scene,Vertical,WavePhotographer rubberballCollection: Rubberball Productions