text:
Liz Jackson interviews Ralph Bodenstein who studied
urban planning with Mohamed Atta at the Technical University of Hamburg-Harbug.
He met him in 1994, when they, along with Volker Hauth, began working
on a project in Cairo that was sponsored by the German government.
When did you first meet Mohamed?
Well I met him first at the end of 1994, he was studying in Hamburg
with a colleague of his, Volker Hauth and they had prepared a project
which was research to be done on plannings to be implemented or planned
at least in the historic core of Cairo on the effects of traffic plannings
and urban plannings on the social and urban situation and they had presented
this project as a project for
a sort of non-governmental organisation
but a big one who are very much interested in the exchange of scientists
and of scholars that should be on the one hand between the US and Germany,
on the other hand between Germany and third world countries and the program
we were in was actually this program for the Third World countries which
was sort of development politics program therefore, trainee program actually
for young people from Germany to go into Third Eorld countries and to
work with MDOs there and stuff like that so Volker Hauth and Mohamed El-Amir
as he was called by then had developed this idea to make this project
where they were looking for a third person to actually to come with them
and I joined them in because I was doing Middle Eastern studies, urbanism
and history of Islamic art.
I was studying it in Bonn actually so I joined them
and we did the
preparation course together. This was actually the end of 94 and
went on until summer '95 and in August '95 we all left together for a
three month field research period in Cairo.
So you worked together for about nine months?
I mean we went, you see these preparation courses they were just like
a prolonged weekend every two months
like it was the first in December
and then there was another one in February, another one in May something
like that so it was only three courses. This is where we met for some
days and we really were together then actually in Cairo for the first
three months.
Tell us about the work in Cairo.
On the one hand we had to do field research on the ground in the
old town of Cairo, actually a specific area, all the area north of University,
this is where we were working on, which are the northern city gates of
historic Cairo and we were doing field research there actually on the
economy on the ground. So actually what sort of craft and industry was
there, of the traffic that was actually necessarily to supply them and
to to get away the stuff they could use on the traffic actually of planes
that were coming and going because it is not only a tourist site. Actually
it's only the smallest part of Cairo which is really has been discovered
by the tourist. The other part is just too far off or it's too popular
actually for tourists to go there and we were mostly in these areas and
visiting factories and on the other hand we visited several planning
offices as well from the municipality and the other state as well as private
planning companies who were working for different projects of the state
or of the municipality, and we looked at what they were actually planning
in order to resolve problems; what problems did they actually see and
how did they face them and deal with them. We tried to analyse actually
the effects of these planning systems that were implemented on the existing
social and economic structures and material structure of the story core.
What did Mohamed think about the kinds of plans that
that the Egyptian Government or the tourist office had in mind for that
particular area?
You see it's a little bit ambivalent to give a general judgment on that,
because on the one hand there was this problem actually, of that there
were many plans which just dealt with the issues in the interest of enforcing
tourism in Cairo because one of the main state incomes actually for Egypt
is the money which comes in from tourists, and so they pretty much concentrate
on fostering tourism in Cairo as well which until then was not such a
favourite place for tourists to stay so all these plans were pretty much
concentrating on how to improve the situation for tourists and they did
this by means of slowing the factories and the small scale industry which
was there in the inner city and also by changing the physical environment
like tearing down houses and trying to reconstruct historical structures
that had been there before, now on the other hand you have the problem
that these industries were also not in favour of the historical structures
because if you've got aluminium factories in the city they only came there
twenty years before. Before that they hadn't been there so they actually
they just went in because it was a cheap place to set up a factory and
it was central so you could easily deliver your clients to different parts
of Cairo which made it actually a very important economic area which was
cheap concerning rents and places but it was very effective in terms of
space, and this was not in favour of historical monuments in the area.
But on the other hand, many of the population, most of the people living
there they were depending on these economic structures: they were working
there and living there and it was very close for them so they had no transport
essential was the very low wages people are paid in Egypt
so they were really depending on the fact that they did not have to come
and go from a suburb to and from Cairo and paying buses and micro buses
fees but they could just go walking or take a bicycle. So that was actually
the general dilemma which every planning was facing there but what happened
was that most of the plans that we dealt with and that we found were completely
neglecting the social problem by just sending the people away and that's
it. I mean they did not try and find other solutions for them. It was
like clearing the space off of this industry, of the people and make it
nicer for the tourists and so naturally I mean it wasn't only Mohamed
but also Volker Hauth and me were very negative about this way of dealing
with with the people living in the city
What did he say to you about it?
We were discussing all this issues and he was naturally saying that he
was aware of the fact, that actually these industries were not good for
the historical city core but on the other hand [look at the] social programs
if you were really to take people to other places, you should also create
work for them in these places which certainly did not work, they did not
do this and so he would have preferred to only bring out the most dangerous
or the most problematic industries which had the highest pollution rates
and to keep the other small industries which just had high noise emissions
which were not so problematic actually and that was rather the more moderate
approach that he would have voted for, but it was not in the plans. But
they also wanted to break through
into the city core so they would
ease the traffic flow and with this, this would have also brought down
lots of historical structures. Mostly what we talk about is buildings
from the 18th and 19th century which were still standing there and which
when actually compared to a
mosque from the 14th century is not
considered to be a valuable structure, and so then it's just brought down
and that was also very problematic because we found that this would only
increase the traffic flow in certain areas but it will not stop people
from going there so it would just relocate the problem but not really
solve it.
So when you talked amongst yourselves what was his feeling
and your feeling about the way the Egyptian Government viewed those people
who lived in that area and what importance should be placed on their right
to live and work.
Yeah I mean he was criticising this complete ignorance of the social
because he was much more in favour of a more social approach
to such an area in general in urban planning- that was one thing. On the
other hand he also had a very strong interest in preserving the historical
architectural structures which were witness to the history of one of the
capital cities of the Islamic empires
. different centuries and has
very beautiful and excellent architecture actually. It's extraordinary,
actually it has changed a bit now but at that time it hadn't been really
taken care of. There was more money put into excavating sites instead
of renovating mosques and so there naturally was a need to do it and he
was also pretty much in favour of that solution to preserve the city as
it was actually grown and had grown throughout the centuries and to stop
it from being completely transformed by houses like 19th century houses
being brought down and high rises being built because this was what was
going on. He was also very interested in the aspect of the rent, of these
contracts, because of the fact that the rents hadn't been written for
several decades, because there were several laws for renting, but the
fact that the people living inside the houses they would not have the
money to take care for a house and the owner wouldn't have it either because
the income he got from the rent wasn't high enough; so the owners have
an interest to let the houses run down and they did sometimes on purpose,
so that the people would have to leave because the house was in such a
bad state that you could not live there any longer. So they let water
run down the walls for example and there was a war going on between between
lease holders and renters of the houses and Mohamed was thinking about
ways of finding ways of changing the laws for renting houses in order
to improve the situation as well for the house owners as for the people
living in them.
Do you think it's fair to say he had a strong sense
of social justice?
Well yeah it was very very strong. It was a very obvious strong sense
of justice yeah.
In terms of
Well in terms of that it was very critical on the high class approach
you know the classes in Egypt they are I mean the people were well off
they do not care for the daily problems of the poor people and there are
many poor people in Egypt, especially in Cairo and he was interested in
finding ways to give them a better life or to organise the city in the
space in a way and also social structure in a way that these people would
do better actually.
And how did he feel the Government was dealing with
those issues?
Well the Government was dealing with it terms of self-interest. I mean
the Government was dealing it in terms of profit which was naturally the
state profit in tourism which was very important. The Government was dealing
with it also in terms of probably rather traditional neglect of the popular
interests actually and so there was no
you couldn't see at that
time an attempt of the Government to seriously solve these sorts of problems.
They were just trying to relocate them and to make things better for their
own income and Mohamed was very critical of this and this was actually
linked to a strong critics of the Government in not really taking an interest
in the own people's fate anyway but just in their own
in their own political career and in their financial enrichment and for
this they would like just to cooperate with anybody and there was also
naturally the link to critics of the Egyptian Government working out,
cooperating directly with the US.
Can I ask you about that specifically then. Did he talk
to you about a concern about how close the Egyptian Government had become
in terms of their interests and the interests of the United States?
Yeah I mean we had several talks on that and it was not only on a political
scale that he was arguing against this approach of the US Government's
political and financial influence in general in Egypt, it was also on
a cultural level actually that he was objecting this.
What do you mean on a cultural level?
I mean they work differently in Cairo then they do for instance in Washington
and there were actually always conflicts of interest because there were
also people that were Americanised in Cairo and these were probably the
elites because they went to the American University in Cairo and Mohamed
was very critical of these people because he felt that
he was pretty
right about this that they were very much
Alienated actually
Alienated from
Alienated from the general Egyptian public because they were a very small
group but they were very influential and they were actually strongly pro
American and dependent on American financing and trying to live in America
and coming back and there was this sort of
cultural imperialism sort of
Yeah but this was not only like imperialism the way that
who were working for this, you see I mean. Cultural imperialism is not
that one side
was presented. There were always local elites whose
interest it is to strengthen this influence. So he was critical of this
and there was this other history of the politics of when already Egypt
opened to a strongly western influence and they had a liberalisation of
the markets and they went away from the most socialist economic approach
and he was also critical of this because he thought that this sort
of market capitalism was not a good solution for a country, as Egypt has
a very big population and poor population would not have the means to
afford everything in the market could offer
He was opposed to the adoption of a more free-market
capitalist approach that Egypt had taken?
Well I mean no, he was opposed to it and he was also pointing to details
of it. For instance they were producing
.strawberries. They were
producing strawberries on the Egyptian fields which were not produced
for the Egyptian market and were exported to Europe for instance, while
at the same time they would have to import food for their own people,
like wheat from the US, which he considered absurd. You know there was
the old country being used for producing high class luxury products for
foreign markets and then they had to again import nutrition from other
countries at a certain price again actually to nutrify their own population.
It was completely absurd.
And he talked to you about this?
Yeah I mean we were discussing this as well. I mean at a certain point
I could point to this problem and he was upset about it actually. He considered
it grotesque to do something like that.
Why grotesque?
Yeah because you see it would be much more logical to cultivate wheat
in your fields instead of cultivating strawberries there which nobody
can afford in Egypt anyway
At the time that you were there, well both the decade
before that but during the time that you went to Egypt there was a very
heavy crack down from the Egyptian Government on Islamic groups
Was that something you talked about at all?
I only remember that we, I think we had a talk on that of which I do
not remember many details. It was a very short [conversation] but apparently
Mohamed had also talked before that with Volker Hauth about this problem
while this thing was going on, and both Mohamed and Volker Hauth were
very critical actually about this, because it was very rude military action
they were taking. They were really storming different parts of the Cairo
city in order to fight different extremist groups, which was a sort sort
of street war going on
a crack down. There was lots of troops being
involved and I mean this is something you can only find scary when this
and he was also critical of that naturally because I mean he was though
in favour of extremist Islamic groups but he was pretty much against such
a state action against people who are apparently working in favour of
the interests of the people living in the streets so it was always a social
you see because it was these people in these extremist
groups in these quarters they were working they were also like taking
care of the social needs of the people which the State did not cope with.
And that's the reason he thought it was wrong of the
government to crack down on them because they were providing social services?
Yeah because they would not replace these services by anything, by any
other services so they would just crack down on the organisations and
that's it.
Did he strike you as a passionate person?
Well he was in a way yeah, he was passionate but at the same time he
was very, he was calm so he was a serious and calm person but when he
got upset about something he became passionate.
What made him most passionate?
Well at that time I remember there were two things made him passionate.
One was actually the ongoing war in Yugoslavia, the Bosnian War especially
which he considered a war actually of one population against the Muslim
part of the population and he didn't understand why there was no help
by the so called International community to prevent this murdering from
going on, and this he was always linking to the war going on or the process
going on in which he was very critical of because he considered it selling
out of the interests of the Palestinian people as what had happened in
Oslo. And he also links it to what had happened during the second Gulf
War when the International lines attacked Saddam Hussein and which he
was not in favour of Saddam Hussein. That was very clear because he considered
Saddam Hussein also a politician but he was not in favour of his people
in any way but he would not understand, he was very very angry about the
fact that the international community would gather in order to attack
Saddam Hussein but they would not gather in order to prevent the Israelis
attacking Palestinians. They would not gather for any other problem as
the one in Yugoslavia he was very afraid that there was a very strong
bias in these politics and that these politics were always in the interests
actually of the US and he was very critical of that, and I mean he also
criticised the UN of being a sort of organisation which would always at
the end of the day would only do what the US would ask for and not, never
do anything against the US or against Israel.
When you said there were two things, was that the second
Well the one thing was the US influence actually in the Middle East,
the other thing was the Yugoslavian civil war and these were very hot
topics he'd get upset about.
Did you think of him as a particularly religious person?
He was very religious as many others are in Cairo so he was particularly
religious in terms of people I know and also of friends I use to have
later on in Cairo though I had some more actually who were also as religious
but not
in another way then so he was, he was very religious. He
prayed five times a day and he used to listen to on the radio or on the
cassette and but that was actually something very normal. I met many other
people who were very similar to him then
then I met him in '94
he wasn't as religious as he had become in summer '95 already as far as
I can observe it looking back.
What you felt he had changed just in that period of
time he'd become more religious?
Yeah it had become more obvious, he would more show it towards the outside
that he was religious.
How could you see that?
I mean firstly he had grown his beard by these days actually which later
he apparently shaved again but as he came back he had grown a beard which
we are more or less supposed to do
because you're not allowed to
shave. He kept this beard for some months later on which is also quite,
quite usual for these people to do and well he was so in this course,
in how he talked about
religion to me, but this might not have been
that he had become more religious, but maybe we just got to know each
other better. So he started to talk with me more confidently on these
matters actually and we had several discussions on religion because he
had a very very conservative approach to Islam which is not unusual I
mean considering what you are teached in the State school system in Egypt
and he was always very shocked when
I was interested in Islam as
one of many different cultures existing on the planet and I was also trying
to compare phenomena in one religion and the other and he was always upset
at certain things, which words I used actually which were not appropriate
in the proper Islamic diction so I was not allowed to say it this way
because then it would be wronged. It would be sinned if it would be this
way. It was for instance when I said that it is interesting that you have
ways of speaking, uttering only texts which if you look at [ceremonies
like] in the Catholic Church when you have this way of pronouncing in
a certain melody, and you have it in Judaism and prayer and you have it
also in other religions and you have it in Islam
and when you read
Koran you have a certain
I mean the way you read Koran, which is
something like singing. Well I made the mistake to say singing and then
he got really upset and because naturally singing is not allowed in his
interpretation of
because music's something sinful in order to distract
people from the right path and so
So when you
Singing would have been a sin already and you can't sing Koran and it
was these things we were discussing and for him I was a sort of person
he could confront because I was a sort of example
because I was
a European, a German who had studied Middle Eastern studies and Islamic
studies and so I was for him an example of somebody who approached another
culture but did not really understand what was going on, because I said
it in the wrong way and he always felt the urge to explain it how it was
to be understood so I could understand his point of view but still scientifically
it was not mine you see and so we never found a common ground on these.
Do you think that he resented the way that western culture
for the most part does not understand Islam?
Yeah I mean that was one of his basic problems I think and that made
things also very difficult for him in the long run to live in Hamburg
because as religious and conservative in his religion as he was, it was
difficult for him to communicate to other people who would not know enough
actually about these issues and so there was a lack of of exchange I think
and so he necessarily had to become more secluded on these issues I think
when living in Hamburg and I think he was suffering from this because
he felt really alienated
from his surrounding.
And do you think in a way, do you think he resented
it and felt that the West doesn't make the effort to understand?
I mean he was very explicit about that, I mean they deliberately did
not want to understand. That was his interpretation rather because it
they had a certain interest, when there was a interest in the Middle East
it was of political or financial interest and it was not about an equal
or balanced exchange, so it was something like knowledge in order to gain
power not knowledge in order to understand which was pretty close to imperial
. I mean, he was aware of this but he being very conservative
and also a sort of essentialist from his side. This is what I was criticising
on him because I realised that he was sometimes taking the constructs
which were actually constructed by, for instance, Orientalists and was
now saying that this was typical Islam whereas in the meantime it was
much more critically viewed already in within scholarly approaches to
Islamic studies because they had found out actually that
I mean
it was only [the] picture they had constructed, and [they] had not considered
all the different aspects that were there, so I was critical about his
approach that he had this sort of moralistic approach to Islam. So Islam
for him was one thing and not something with many different opportunities
and options to act and to create culture.
What particular aspects of conservative Islam stood
out for you in terms of that critique that you're saying you had of
Well I mean for instance when we come back to the urban planning thing
he was
of the idea of an Islamic city and also of an Islamic house
which is a construct of Orientalists from the 19th and 20th century and
he considered actually the ideal Islamic city to have things like like
narrow dead end roads that have court yard houses and all this which you
might find in one city, not find in another. You might even find it in
all Islamic cities so you see if the question, if it's really Islamic
or if it is a result of some much more complex cultural historical development.
But he wanted cities to be this idea of Islamic?
Yeah this was the idea of Islam and he even would have favoured to recreate
these spaces so he was also in favour of these attempts in Saudi Arabia
to build Islamic cities where they would have modern architecture but
with courtyards and dead end roads so they would build new Islamic cities,
which structurally and socially, naturally were not Islamic cities as
old because Islamic cities were much more self organising then central
so it was odd to do it this way.
And structurally now, it would be very difficult to
achieve and not particularly good to live in.
Exactly I mean this for him was a task that could be solved by architects
and by urban planners so naturally he knew that there were problems about
this but it was something he was eager to work on. I mean this was one
of his interests because he considered this city more appropriate for
the people and for their daily life culture to live in.
Was there anything about your lifestyle that offended
No I mean he was he was very tolerant of this because he accepted that
I was not an Egyptian nor a Muslim so I wasn't and he had nothing to complain
about in general because in Egypt otherwise I behaved, I adopted to manners
so there was no strong conflict actually. There were no proper critics
actually of my behaviour.
Did you
I wasn't suggesting you'd done anything
in particular by the way. There was nothing I was trying to suggest there
but did you meet his family at all?
I think I met his family once because his father came to fetch us from
the airport when we arrived but that's it. I didn't see them later on
and Mohamed was living at his father's, at his family's place actually
in Cairo and Volker Hauth and we had rented a flat in another part of
Cairo so we just met during the day and the evenings for work but not
So did you form any idea about their relationship or
Within the family you mean? No I mean it appeared to be very unusual
family structure
I mean he had left the family because he went to
Germany so I think he wasn't that much any more like only the son of the
family but he had become more independent by the time when he came back
and lived with the family but I don't know any details about how this
created problems or how the father's attitude was towards the son. I don't
In terms of his life what made him appear to you a conservative?
I mean he would follow all the duties that he had to follow as a believing
Muslim concerning daily lives. He went to pray. He didn't drink alcohol
and he wouldn't mess with women and I also realised that he was even criticising
who were veiled for not wearing it properly because they
wear it in a way that made them more beautiful instead of protecting them
from male's eyes so he was, that was very conservative. This is where
you could sense it especially in these sorts of criticisms he was saying
about other people.
You were just saying those areas in which you felt that
Mohamed was sort of obviously to you conservative and you were saying
that sometimes it was about the way the women wore the Hijab. Was that
when you were in Cairo?
We were in Cairo yes. I mean what would happen was, he would see women
wearing a Hijab, and Volker Hauth and me for instance we would realise
that it's looking good actually how they, how they do it. It's nice actually.
It makes them beautiful. Then he was like saying yes, or he would criticise
them because he was saying they would not wear the Hijab probably because
they would choose certain colours which were too chic and they would like
wear it or wind it in a way around their head that it would maybe make
them even more attractive and so that was not the way it was supposed
to be; or he would sometimes even say for himself. I mean not generally
would he walk through the streets and point to people saying they wore
the Hijab the wrong way but it was just close to the topic we were just
talking about it was, he'd mention it or refer to it but
So did he ever show any interest in women when you knew
I'm not informed about this thing anyway so I mean apparently there was
a story that had been going on the year before, because sometimes Volker
Hauth and then Mohamed were referring to it, talking about it but I have
no idea, no details actually about it so.
This might be an inappropriate question but did you
ever tease him about when he would say look, women shouldn't do that.
Did you ever tease him and say, oh don't be such a conservative?
Well yeah, I mean naturally I would say like comments
I mean they wear it as they want I mean as long as they are following
the rules and he wouldn't agree
Did you ever go to the engineer's syndicate?
Yeah. Sure because we had to meet some people there. I don't remember
the names anymore.
Did you get a sense of the politics that were around?
Well I mean we talked about these politics naturally because the engineering
syndicate was one of those that was increasingly being influenced by fundamentalist
movements, I mean it was not only the engineer's one but several different
ones as well were one of the political instruments the conservative or
fundamentalists Muslims were using in order to increase their influence
on state politics or on municipality because it was an organisation that
was rather basic democratic, so people could bring people into places
and pose where they wanted to be and it was not centrally controlled,
but there was as far as I remember lots of critics about these processes
going on by that time. There were people that were very critical about
this change of politics within the syndicate because there were actually
also many other people, engineers within the syndicates who did not like
the syndicate to be instrumentalised for such a political direction.
And what did Mohamed think about it?
Oh no Mohamed was in favour of this idea. I mean in favour of this change.
The increasing Islamisation of the syndicate?
Yeah he was in favour of that because he was in favour of having a larger,
a better lobby for Islamic social ideas and these things, so for him this
was one of the necessary and important means to achieve this goal.
So do you think they were an important influence in
terms of his developing ideas
The political ideas that were focused
in the syndicate?
Well I'm not sure you know that he was linked up to the syndicate in
a closer way because he had studied and then he left Egypt so generally
you only get in contact with the syndicate after you have finished studies,
and you start working and since he hadn't worked at least not for a long
time there was probably no real possibility for the syndicate influencing
his views. He might still have received or read something about them,
because it was always in the newspapers because there was this discussion
going on, on this process and so there were comments and interviews with
people who were in favour of this and who were discussing the ideas actually
that were behind it, so he knew what it was about and actually he was,
he thinking about this and so there might have been influence, because
he read about it and heard about it, but no direct personal influence
of certain people within the syndicate I don't
Do you remember going, do you remember any conversations
or meeting any people who were from that Islamic group when you went?
Do you remember what was talked about or anything about going to
No there was, there was nothing from this. I mean and all the organisations
or planning offices we went to h had no link to such an approach so I
never observed that kind of conversation.
When you went back to Hamburg after the trip to Cairo
did you keep in touch?
Well we kept in touch for a while because we still had to finalise our
research results so I mean I stayed longer in Egypt, then I stayed for
six months, even more so I came back only in early Spring '96 to Germany
and we met up in Hamburg then for a weekend in order to discuss what we
had already written and to coordinate what still had to be written and
afterwards I only had for a certain while indirect contact because Volker
Hauth was sometimes telling me about what Mohamed was doing but also Volker
Hauth lost contact at that time to Mohamed. So I had contact with Mohamed
after Spring of '96.
Did Volker Hauth tell you about how he was getting on
or whether or not he seemed to be getting more
No he remarked one time that he was now working for a company in Hamburg
and that he was still studying and working
and these things you
know. Volker Hauth didn't see him much either anymore so
even Volker
Hauth couldn't tell me about him.
And do you think that was a sign of anything the fact
that not even Volker Hauth was seeing him anymore or
No I didn't take it as a sign no. I mean I don't know. I mean by then
I naturally didn't take it for any sign when I mean it was just
I mean I couldn't be a good friend of his because we simply didn't find
lots of common ground. So I mean I found him a nice person and when we
met I mean I could deal with him and it was OK and I also enjoyed it but
a as I was not living in Hamburg I mean I didn't think about continuing
a long term friendship.
And not enough common ground anyway?
Well because we had such different ideas about aspects of religion and
culture so
that was actually made it difficult but politically
I mean we sometimes shared the same ideas so it was
and he being
critical of certain political processes in Egypt and the Middle East and
it was like we were disagreeing on some and then agreeing on some so it
Did he ever talk to you about what he wanted to be?
What he wanted to go on and become?
Yeah naturally, I mean he wanted to work as an architect and city planner
in Cairo and he was very serious about it and hoped actually to be able
to improve the situation and to find a place in the system where he would
be able to influence the situation. Which naturally is not easy if you
look at the structures which are pretty much controlled by
and so
Did he feel that? That it would be hard?
Yeah I mean we talked about this problem also during our stay in Cairo.
I mean he was aware of it before, and he got even more aware of it when
we were there again and so I think in a way he was still hopeful. He still
wished and hoped that he might find such work in Cairo but he was sceptical
about the possibility of really changing things in Egypt and finding good
and sensible work.
Because of
Well because if you are critical of certain persons or certain political
circumstances, if you don't know this and that person you will never get
this sort of job that's why.
It's an obvious question but I want to ask I mean what
did you feel when you opened the newspaper and saw his name.
I certainly wouldn't believe it. I mean I saw his picture in the newspaper.
This is actually how it started, yes so we had this newspaper on our table
and I looked at it. It was early in the evening and I seen this photo
of a person on the title page and I was stunned because I thought, I know
this person so I looked at it closely, it really looked like Mohamed El-Amir
so I looked under the photo what was written there and it said it was
a person Mohamed Atta who was supposed to have been the pilot of the first
plane to crash into the World Trade Centre but there was no more information
about this, and I didn't believe that it was him. I just thought maybe
they made a mistake and they got this photo from somewhere or they took
him for another person who apparently was linked to it or so I was looking
for different explanations for how come this person I knew and which I
would never expected to do such a thing could now be linked to this attack.
What happened then was that an hour later I got a phone call from Volker
Hauth in Hamburg who had found out my telephone number via my parents
and because we hadn't been in contact anymore since 98; and the moment
that he called me I already knew what it was about because I mean there
could be only one reason why Volker Hauth would now call me, and then
I tried to find out when he was telling me that he had already contacted
the police because he knew the person but he was also convinced that it
couldn't have been him actually. He wanted to be in contact with the police
in order to deliver proof that Mohamed is not the sort of person who would
do a suicide attack and such a murder, and well this is how it started
and I mean it took me quite a while because I was still also very sceptical
about the whole idea of you know only Arab names listed as suspects actually
was too outspoken.
The reaction was too outspokenly anti-Arab from the beginning. I mean
from everything you would observe from the outside, you would not have
the inside information and know the signs were clear enough, but this
was also the reaction which was going around here. Maybe funny to say
that everybody, all of my friends here they all, even people in the street
I mean they were, many of them were really shocked, they wouldn't believe
what was going on. There was only very few people who were like saying,
I mean they hit the Pentagon and
very scared of what would happened
afterwards because nobody knew actually who did it and then when the question,
the question was obvious who did it and they all said it couldn't have
been Arabs, never; because they wouldn't have the financial means, they
wouldn't have the skills and
People wouldn't just believe that this
was done by Arabs. Everybody hoped it was not the Arabs
it would just make the situation worse and they all hoped, there were
all these ideas that it was the Japanese Red Army who did it as a revenge
for Pearl Harbour attack and these so everybody was constructing different
solutions. All that it has been Osama who was behind it because I mean
who would profit from this at all, and so people [found it very difficult]
to believe what had been going on there.
And for you?
For me it was similar in a way, although I mean everything is speculation.
We simply do not know what happened though, and from what happened then
and how quickly actually research was focused on a certain group of Arab
passengers in the plane I also found, I had this sense that there was
interest behind it actually to focus on these sort of people and there
was at least from what you observed from the press you had the, you got
the impression that everybody was hoping in the US that it was the Arabs
or the Muslims; whereas I and many other people here that would say that
maybe it was an inner American thing because we all thought of Oklahoma
I mean you know one of the biggest bombing was in the US was done by a
US citizen and he had nothing to do with Islam so that was one of the
very probable solutions that anybody had for the question like who was
it? And then it was just like following what was going on and I started
having these phone calls from journalists from places all over the world
What do you think now though? I mean have you in a sense
come to terms with the fact that maybe the Mohamed that you knew did fly
this plane?
Well I think it's difficult to really come to terms with it because the
Mohamed I knew would not have done it so he must have changed a lot afterwards
and I have no idea because I had no contact with him, what happened to
him and when exactly and
Do you think about that? What must have happened?
Yeah, naturally I think about it but I can't know. I mean I can't figure
it out although from how I knew him, you know the only thing that I believe
would have made him do such a thing would have been political reasons
and not religious, because from a religious stand he was a very humanist
person but he got really upset and extreme in his judgments when it came
to politics and so I think it must have been something political rather,
and maybe I think Robert Fisk actually he wrote an article these days
in which he linked up and he made a very good remark which was that after
Mohamed apparently wrote this testament of his, his last will was apparently
written in April '96, exactly the month of the massacre when the Israelis
bombed the UN Refugee camp in Southern Lebanon and several hundred civilians
had died and there was no big published negative response to it. I mean
Israel was like
don't do this again but nothing more happened.
You can understand somebody being upset about this you know there might
be a link really because
The timing is such that
you believe there could
have been a link. No one can prove it but
The timing is such.
But you believe there could have been a link.
We can't prove it now anymore, because I mean who would tell us.
What did you think when you read the will?
Well I didn't read the will completely, but I found it odd. I mean I
didn't understand it really. I mean some of the things were the usual
and others were really a little bit weird but I do not know the details.
It just seemed strange to write it so early
That is what surprised me you see. I mean it was when he wrote it in
Spring 96, because that was still the time when I knew him or at least
when I just had got out of contact with him and by that time you know
he didn't appear to me as such a person who might feel the urge to write
his last Will and this sort of last Will
I would have thought the
thing to take much more time, to have been taken place later, so I was
really surprised when they said that the last Will was written in '96.
As far as you know, was he ever a member of any Islamic
Oh I have no idea. I don't know. I can't say. I mean he never talked
about being a member of a group and I didn't observe him meeting people
or going to the same places, or there was no hint of this actually. I
mean he had like this this naturally this ex pat group in Hamburg he was,
he was praying with which is a very normal thing for Muslim ex pats living
in other countries because they have to join to pray, so I mean
has to be has to be done in a group and not alone, so this is why it is
necessary for them to form a group to do it actually.
Was there ever anything about the decadence that there
is in a city like Hamburg that you felt Mohamed ever expressed to you,
sort of offended by the decadence of the West as exhibited in Hamburg
or anywhere?
No I don't remember that he referred directly to such a thing. I mean
it was rather indirectly of how he would expect a proper Muslim women
to behave that maybe you could sense the critic towards, towards western
ways of dressing maybe, of behaviour which he even would have, like in
Egypt against women who were not wearing Hijab or wearing or carrying
clothes like jeans or t-shirts - this was actually what he was referring
to. I mean I only spent one weekend in Hamburg when I met him so I think
because his critics were often not very much context related so he would
not tell us about his critics, about life in Hamburg when we were in anther
place. There was nothing like that. He maybe did but just didn't mention
it to me.
So you don't remember times when he would talk an American
movie or an American style of food?
No, no no there was nothing like that actually. I mean it was, he was
not that anti whatever western in that way I mean
it was rather
a thing of live and let live approach maybe that was behind it.
One of the extraordinary things about all of them was
that they were able to do this, plan this for a number of years
Do you think he had that capacity to be able to lead a separate life?
Yeah I mean on the one hand
I mean there are like two questions.
I considered him able to organise and to plan such a thing. I mean not
because it is a crime but because he was good at organising and he was
also a person who could lead other people so he could be a leader type
of guy and take decisions and be [good] in organising things. The second
part of the question is, could he do this in a secret part of life, which
apparently he did. I don't
so he was able to do it, which you couldn't
know before exactly because he was able to do it so
How does that make you feel about you, you knew him.
Yeah I mean I ask myself, naturally if he was already this sort of person
who would have done this, when I knew him or not but as far as I knew
him then, he was not the kind of person, so this is why I say there should
have been this change going on with him but it was surprisingly early
as you said, that he already wrote this last Will in early '96; so there
I naturally question myself, if he was already thinking about this things
or planning something already or meeting people early on, but then he
managed to do this without anybody of us remarking and it leads me to
the question like how far can you know a person at all? It's if you think
you know him already and you can judge in general his his kind of personality
but I never had the impression by that time that he had a certain path
or second or secret life.
At the other end naturally I didn't grasp the whole of his life which
is very normal because I was new to the Egyptian contacts then; I mean
there were many things strange to me or things that I had to get to know
or understand and to learn what they meant and so I'm probably the wrong
person to ask if he had a sort of life which I would not know about or
understand. I mean this question could only be answered by a person from
his surroundings, from his Egyptian surroundings, which would know how
people would act in a normal way. Or if he had something which was conspicuous
But it does make you ask yourself how well can you ever
know somebody?
Yeah actually it's not that I'm really suffering from this question because
I still think that Mohamed
that I had understood or known him quite
well or to an extent so I think I mean it's probably that he changed later
do you feel that in some ways you can understand, or
speculate about the unhappiness that must have led someone to the despairing
view of the world that you'd have to do something like that?
Well I don't think it was in isolation, if he was that isolated. I think
I mean he was naturally able to communicate with people on a more daily
level because he was working in this company in Hamburg and it was not
that he was completely isolating himself there. So he was also doing things
on his own and he was going to pray and he would not enter into religious
discussions with people because naturally he would feel completely alone
because he would be the only person having this [sort] of idea about his
religion, and generally it's difficult to discuss issues of especially
Islam and Islamic religion in Germany for instance or any western country
because there are so many prejudices and before you can start to make
people really understand what it is about, you're running into so many
prejudices and people just won't stop actually believing the prejudices
more than what you say.
So it is a very very difficult situation and it gets even more difficult
when you are a religious person and I think this is why he surely wouldn't
really talk about religion, which was apparently an important part of
his life. He had a very 'disconservative' stand which was growing apparently
more extreme, actually was isolating this, and he might have looked for
other people he could share something with, but still, this way of isolation
will not give a reason at least which I can understand, [why he would
take such an action]. That would rather facilitate the impossibilities
of planning it, but it would not be the reason for it.
Basically it speaks of frustrated rage.
Yes it's frustrated rage and frustration coming from very different origins,
for very different reasons actually and I mean this is the only explanation
I have for this. And as I said I could sense this sort of frustration
and rage especially in in his political critics about what was going on
in the world especially in the bias politics against Muslims, as he would
have regarded it. We had these discussions also I remember once, that
we talked about the role of the UN in the Iraq conflict and in Czechoslovakia
and he was very [ ] in his criticism against the UN that it was outspokenly
anti Islamic
interesting actually that somebody would consider the
UN politics outspoken and anti Islamic, I tried to make him understand
that it might appear, the politics might appear anti Islamic because they
are guided by other interests, by countries which are not Islamic and
so they just follow their interests and that the way to see it as something
outspokenly anti Islamic is just the effect of somebody who was victimised
by it and who feels that this is directed against him but it's just directed
against nobody in particular. It's just in favour of their own interests
but not against somebody and so I tried to convince him that he was taking
actually the Islamic aspect as too important in this political game because
it was not anti Islamic politics but it was if at all a pro American or
pro capitalist country politic.
Could he see that?
Then third world countries, which in this part of the world happen to
be Muslim countries fall victim too and this is the thing. I mean but
no he didn't really see that.
He couldn't, didn't want to, couldn't...
Well I mean he saw my point and he was thinking about it, but he still
was believing that there was something in what he had said or that there
was actually these anti Islamic motives behind certain politics of the
UN and the US.
That the UN was specifically anti Islamic?
Yeah. Not in everything they did but they were doing things which apparently
were anti Islamic.
Rather than just pro western you mean?
Yeah, but this brings me to another sort of what I observed in the last
weeks because in everything you could read in the newspapers and many
things that you would hear on the radio would always see people looking
for the motivations of what Mohamed did in his religion and everybody
was trying to pin it down on the fact that they were Muslims doing this
and I think this is completely off the track because these people did
not do this because they were Muslims. The way probably they argued it
or they were defending their motivations they were using, they were doing
it within the Muslin discourse because this is the context they are referring
to but the motivations, the reasons for it are not the religion is nothing
which forces them to do something like this. To the contrary you would
find the majority saying you know, you are forbidden to do this because
they were innocent people killed and this is something which his not allowed
especially from the [Islamic] point of view so it is political actually,
in that it's political action and political motivation behind it and this
can not be used to the fact you know that Islam has something about it
which makes somebody a killer in a certain point of time; but it is rather
like that world political structure has something about it which makes
some people become killers at a certain point of time out of frustration.
I think this is much more the point we have to look for if you ask why
is a person like Mohamed Atta did something like this.


text: Hi, only for report this bug: when I deactivate the visual editor -and I have CFT activated- the WP native media upload don't allow me to insert images in posts throught "Insert in post" button. Instead the popup window turns blank. Once I deactivate CTF it works normally. Also CTF works fine when I activate the visual editor. It only breaks with textarea editor.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
gem256's Mom Answers Activity
Recent Activity | Asked | Answered
My sister-in-law acts like my child is her own. What should I do?
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I miscarried a week ago with my first child. I understand this because I have attached myself to my baby cousins, and every time I see pe...posted by kilieanndonovan
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text:
I have a MAC iBookG4 and now when I connect my Ipod touch and try to sync I get a message telling me that I do not have enough permission and that my info could not be stored or used. I have done everything I can think of to try and fix this and I am at a loss. Any help would be greatly appreciated!!
You may try checking up this page: https://discussions.apple.com/thread/3358012?start=0&tstart=0
There are a lot of threads on this forum where you can get a lot of information about this problem.
Retrieving data ...


text:
3 Stocks Moving The Industrial Industry Upward
Dow Jones Industrial Average ( ^DJI) trading up 69 points (0.4%) at 16,675 as of Tuesday, May 27, 2014, 3:55 PM ET. The NYSE advances/declines ratio sits at 1,940 issues advancing vs. 1,055 declining with 160 unchanged. The Industrial industry as a whole closed the day up 1.0% versus the S&P 500, which was up 0.6%. Top gainers within the Industrial industry included LGL Group ( LGL), up 3.9%, Lime Energy ( LIME), up 3.1%, Highway Holdings ( HIHO), up 2.5%, Metalico ( MEA), up 1.6% and Marine Products ( MPX), up 2.8%. TheStreet Ratings Group would like to highlight 3 stocks pushing the industry higher today: Metalico ( MEA) is one of the companies that pushed the Industrial industry higher today. Metalico was up $0.02 (1.6%) to $1.30 on heavy volume. Throughout the day, 204,127 shares of Metalico exchanged hands as compared to its average daily volume of 134,800 shares. The stock ranged in a price between $1.25-$1.33 after having opened the day at $1.28 as compared to the previous trading day's close of $1.28. Metalico, Inc., through its subsidiaries, is engaged in scrap metal recycling and lead metal product fabricating businesses. Metalico has a market cap of $61.7 million and is part of the industrial goods sector. Shares are down 38.2% year-to-date as of the close of trading on Friday. Currently there are no analysts who rate Metalico a buy, no analysts rate it a sell, and 1 rates it a hold. STOCKS TO BUY: TheStreet Quant Ratings has identified a handful of stocks that can potentially TRIPLE in the next 12 months. Learn more. TheStreet Ratings rates Metalico as a sell. The company's weaknesses can be seen in multiple areas, such as its disappointing return on equity, weak operating cash flow, generally disappointing historical performance in the stock itself and poor profit margins. Highlights from TheStreet Ratings analysis on MEA go as follows:Editor's Note: Any reference to TheStreet Ratings and its underlying recommendation does not reflect the opinion of TheStreet, Inc. or any of its contributors including Jim Cramer or Stephanie Link. All three major indices traded up today with the
- Return on equity has greatly decreased when compared to its ROE from the same quarter one year prior. This is a signal of major weakness within the corporation. Compared to other companies in the Commercial Services & Supplies industry and the overall market, METALICO INC's return on equity significantly trails that of both the industry average and the S&P 500.
- Net operating cash flow has decreased to $4.23 million or 43.36% when compared to the same quarter last year. In addition, when comparing the cash generation rate to the industry average, the firm's growth is significantly lower.
- MEA has underperformed the S&P 500 Index, declining 23.98% from its price level of one year ago. The fact that the stock is now selling for less than others in its industry in relation to its current earnings is not reason enough to justify a buy rating at this time.
- The gross profit margin for METALICO INC is currently extremely low, coming in at 7.75%. Regardless of MEA's low profit margin, it has managed to increase from the same period last year. Despite the mixed results of the gross profit margin, the net profit margin of -2.56% trails the industry average.
- MEA, with its decline in revenue, slightly underperformed the industry average of 4.0%. Since the same quarter one year prior, revenues slightly dropped by 1.5%. The declining revenue has not hurt the company's bottom line, with increasing earnings per share.
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text:
Are the new 20mg bright orange,elliptical adderall tablets, not capsules, extended release? My body is responding to them differently than when I used the bright pink 20mg tablets ?
What do adderall pills look like?
- Posted:
- 12 Feb 2011 by karen5541080
- Topics:
- adderall
Answers (1)
Further Information
- Adderall Information for Consumers
- Adderall Information for Healthcare Professionals (includes dosage details)
- Side Effects of Adderall (detailed)
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text:
Just for fun, took about 8 hours I think.
Huh. First thing that comes to mind is The Colour Out of Space.
Really great work. I like the fact that you kept it really loose and and worked on the opverall image instead of details. Will be watching you for sure!
this is like some very weird dream, it puts me in mind of Clak Ashton Smith's stories


text:
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text:
Flying Duuuuutch without some pieces :D
The "New Horizons" mod for the 2003 Pirates of the Caribbean game by Akella is a continuation of the famous Build mod series. Developed as Pirates of the Caribbean Build 14, "New Horizons" continues where Build 13 left off, adding more new content than ever before.
This immense French battleship has been repaired and re-textured!


text:
Crusader Kings II
Third party DRM: SteamThis game requires a free Steam account to play.
Top 50 Title:
"It's an incredibly dynamic game that seems to perfectly simulate the state of flux that Europe and the Middle East were in during the Middle Ages." - Destructiod.com
"Through a complex system of diplomacy and backstabbing, Crusader Kings II makes every power struggle an engrossing one." - GameSpot.com
Europe is in turmoil. The lands are fragmented into petty fiefs, the emperor struggles with the Pope, and the Holy Father declares that all those who go to liberate the Holy Land will be freed of their sins. Now is the time for greatness.
Increase your lands and fill your coffers, appoint vassals, battle traitors, introduce laws while interacting with hundreds of nobles, and create the most powerful dynasty of medieval Europe. A beleaguered king will always have friends to support him. But beware, as your rule and realm may find trouble when a loyal vassal becomes a bitter rival. Stand ready, increase your prestige, and listen to the world whisper your name in awe. Do you have what it takes to become a Crusader King?
Start a game in 1066 and forge 400 years of European history
Take on the role of a Christian noble and carry them through the ages from Count to Emperor via the line of succession
Gather Prestige for every successive character you play, furthering the glory of your dynasty
Expand your feudal domain at the expense of your rivals
Unravel the plots of your courtiers and vassals, each armed with their own agendas
Re-enact the Crusades, defend against the Mongol onslaught, and form feudal nation-states
Struggle with the Pope for control of the bishops
Relive the Middle Ages with up to 32 other players in a competitive multiplayer mode Screens
Customer reviews
Grand strategy on a large scaledamaffin | Oct. 2, 2015 | See all damaffin's reviews »
Crusader Kings 2 is a great example of a strategy game, done right and it is that for multiple reasons. First off, the mechanics of the game are simply awesome, the politics and war system are extremely creative and inspiring. Secondly it has great replay value, because no two gameplays are ever the same, thanks to random instances, like your character dying from disease at a random point in the timeline. In my experience around strategy games, I've never seen a finer version of grand strategy like this and recommend it to every strategy fan out there.
Favorite Strategy Game of all timepalmtreebearer | Aug. 18, 2015 | See all palmtreebearer's reviews »
This game has the most hours played out of all the games in my Steam Library. I think it is up around 500 hours now, and that is probably on the low end for a lot of fans of this game. Admittedly, this game can be a lot more expensive than it looks once you add on all the DLC, but I played almost 50 hours before I bought my first DLC, and if you are going to put that many hours into a game buying a couple of DLC when they are on sale is a small price to pay. It takes a very unique look at the strategy genre where you are most worried about your dynasty, your character, not necessarily your country. I'll sometimes screw over my own country for an opportunity to advance the status of my dynasty. It is a very cut throat game where you will probably end up killing children and having innocent people excommunicated from the church and later executed. You will prey on the weak and betray people who were your friends. And the AI will also attack you at your weakest. But once you get over a learning curve, it is a lot of fun. For a military game that is only a very small part moving your armies around, I recommend this game.
Great Game with even Greater Mods and DLCMoss20 | May 27, 2015 | See all Moss20's reviews »
Crusader Kings II is a great political strategy game that focuses more on your current character rather than your country. The game does have a slight learning curve and it make take a few game sessions to get the hang of it unless you look up guides or watch YouTube videos. The game gets kind of pricey with all the DLC available but there are only a few worth getting, such as the ones that allow you to play as different religions or have earlier start dates, stay away from the cosmetic packs. There is great mod support for the game and you can even play your own version of Game of Thrones.
Political Strategy at its finestZaggeta | May 8, 2015 | See all Zaggeta's reviews »
In order to appeal to mass markets, strategy games tend to cater to competitive battle gamers more than any other. Paradox has been the one company to prove that strategy gamers don't need optimised mineral production to keep them happy. They just need slowpaced gameplay, ludicrous scenarios and the freedom to mess up in hilarious ways. Crusader Kings II, the medieval cog in the Paradox lineup of grand strategy, is a medieval political simulator that sees the player arranging everything from territory and armies to family relations and drinking competitions. The level of immersion is immense but be warned that there is a steep learning curve. After that curve is climbed, however, you'll be knee deep in one of the most addicting strategies of our time.
A game about killing heirs and setting up weddingssmilzoboboz | April 24, 2015 | See all smilzoboboz's reviews »
Grand strategy, politics of the dark age. This game is one of the most detailed historical strategy games you will ever manage to play. You not only have to care about territories, but mostly you have to manage all your vassals, their wives and heirs, not to mention your wife and heirs. Not to mention the clerks. This game, like icing on a cake, features a really good and glorious soundtrack that makes you feel great. Even if this game is awesome I really have to suggest it only for die-hard fans of strategy games, there is a lot of plotting, scheming, politics and such involved and "outsiders" may not enjoy that.


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self imposed BR after PPROM
I am so sorry to hear about your very early PPROM! Kudos to you for doing what you need to do even when the doc isn't being the most supportive. I hope that you are able to make it to viability, and maybe even a couple weeks more :)
*BETH* mom to Riley 11/16/07, Connor 6/7/09, and Kinley Belle 7/8/11 (33w, 4d).�
Kinley is here!� 4 lbs. 8 oz, 17.75 Inches at 33w, 4d
If cervical length is an issue its best to lay down rather than to sit up becuase it takes pressure off your cervix. Sorry your doctor isn't on board with the bed rest many drs dont believe in it. I hope the bed rest helps and you can make it to the 24 week mark and beyond. BTW many top level NICU's now consider 23 weeks to be the point of viability so your really close to that if you can find the right hospital. Good luck!!
Mariah married to Alex (2006)
Eli (Dec. 2009) Noah (Feb.2012 born too soon) Baby Girl (Due May 1, 2013)
pprom @ 20 weeks
Jim & Jennifer born @ 29 weeks on Nov 30, 2012
I wish u the best of luck.


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Atmospheric stabilization
Revision as of 17:36, October 9, 2012 by Renegade54 (Talk | contribs)
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Atmospheric stabilization was an important system aboard starships in the 23rd century. In an alternate reality, when Narada attacked the USS Kelvin moments after emerging from a black hole, it managed to disable the ship's atmospheric stabilization with the second hit, causing a vacuum which sucked several officers of the Kelvin into space. (Star Trek)


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Vivus, Analyst in Obesity Drug Side-Effect Spat
TheStreet) -- Did a winner emerge from this week's Obesity Society meeting? It's kind of hard to tell. The meeting, which wraps today, was a bit anti-climatic. Data presentations from the three small drug makers racing to develop new weight-loss drugs were largely in-line, offering little new information from what investors had already seen.Perhaps Arena Pharmaceuticals (ARNA - Get Report) can lay claim to the top prize, but only because its stock dropped less -- 3% from Friday through Tuesday -- than its competitors. Orexigen Therapeutics (OREX - Get Report) shares fell 8% in the same time frame while shares of Vivus (VVUS - Get Report) lost 9%. Vivus played a central role in what may be the only excitement to emerge from the Obesity Society meeting. The stock fell 15% Tuesday after Cowen issued a note to clients that accused Vivus of hiding the extent to which central nervous side effects of its weight-loss drug Qnexa had forced patients to withdraw from two phase III studies. According to a Cowen analysis of data from two phase III trials presented Saturday, 2.6% and 2.1% of patients treated with full-dose Qnexa, respectively, dropped out of the studies due to cognitive side effects like "disturbance in attention" or "forgetfulness." This is compared to a placebo dropout rate of 0.8% and 0.3% in the two studies. Cowen says Vivus didn't disclose these dropouts when the company reported top-line data from the Qnexa trials in September. "We believe adverse events such as "disturbance in attention," "memory impairment," "amnesia," "aphasia" and "cognitive disorder" -- even if relatively rare -- will prove to be serious regulatory hurdles for a weight-loss drug. Therefore, we now have reduced conviction in the approvability of Qnexa, and partnering prospects also may be reduced," wrote Cowen analyst Ian Sanderson.PHILADELPHIA, Pa. (
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Archived Story
A look back at teacher payPublished 10:55am Wednesday, April 24, 2013
Recently the Alabama legislators approved a 2 percent raise for Alabama teachers. Based on past experience, teachers have good reason to be concerned about their pay.
Jan. 3, 1915 – William F. Feagin, state superintendent of education, says that payment of salaries of teachers of the state for December services may be delayed owing to the poor condition of the treasury. The salaries of the teachers were due today.
Jan. 7, 1933 – Imploring the Legislature for aid to keep the schools from closing, the Morgan County Teachers Organization Thursday offered to take a 25 per cent in members' salaries for the second semester of the 1932-33 term and urged similar reductions for all other state employees. In offering to accept the cut, the Morgan teachers stipulated that no teacher's salary could be made less than $50 a month.
March 12, 1936 – The young people's department of the First Baptist Church honored the young women members of the MCHS faculty with a dinner at the home of Mr. and Mrs. S. L. Sherrill. These students recognize that their instructors labor for low and uncertain wages under very stressful conditions.
June 23, 1934 – Twelve thousand dollars, partial payments from state and county funds, are currently being disbursed to 200 Morgan County teachers. The money goes for salaries unable to be paid before federal funds were obtained several months ago to keep the schools in operation a full term.
July 18, 1935 – Teachers salaries in Morgan County are now $15 weekly. They are paid from a combination of federal aid and state funds.
Aug. 17, 1939 – County Superintendent of Education Irwin J. Quinn has endorsed the proposal to set up a teachers' retirement fund.
Aug. 31, 1908 – Prof. J. H. Riddle of Hartselle, principal of the new county high school currently under construction here, is to be paid $1,000 a year and his assistant, Prof. J. H. Barnard, $900.
Sept. 5, 1958 – Today was "Be Good to Teachers Day" at MCHS.
Oct. 5, 1911 – As a result of the recent liquor election in Morgan County, the sums of money that previously paid schoolteachers and others who labor for the development of the people of the community are no longer available.
Dec. 15, 1894 – It is a fearful trade – this teaching school. The herd of restless, growing boys and girls – no wonder every day slowly brings down the strength and nervous power of the hard- working schoolteacher. "Tired as a Schoolteacher" expresses the utter lanquor and collapse that so few escape before the terms are over. Of all the work open to girls and women, school teaching seems to wear hardest on brain and nerves. The pittance of a wage is not able to make up for the nervous expenditure of the long days consistently put in by the "schoolmarm." Common symptoms are the frequent sick headache, loss of strength and color in the lips or cheek, low spirits, and nervousness.
Dec. 21, 1912 – News has been received of the death of Mrs. E. A. Oden, the wife of the late superintendent of education of Morgan County. Mrs. Oden's death was the result of an attack of pneumonia, of which disease her husband also died. The unfortunate death of Mrs. Oden will probably prevent the teachers of Morgan County from receiving their salary before the Christmas holiday. Mrs. Oden was her husband's assistant and she only was familiar with the details of making out the regular monthly payroll.
Dec. 25, 1932 – Teachers here will carry on through the 1932-33 session for half pay, provided they are paid in cash or negotiable warrants rather than scrip. This decision was reached at a meeting of Morgan County teachers here.


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- Inhabitat – Green Design, Innovation, Architecture, Green Building - http://inhabitat.com -
Petting Farm Nominated for 2009 World Architecture Award
Posted By Beth Shea On September 3, 2009 @ 1:30 pm In eco kids,Inhabitots | No Comments
70F Architecture's Sheep Stable/Petting Farm [1] is nominated for a 2009 World Architecture Award [2]. The building's open facade [1] allows for wind to continuously ventilate the entire farm, and its shutters open and close with the rising and setting sun, as if the structure itself 'wakes up and goes to sleep everyday.' This gorgeous petting farm in the Netherlands offers local families a chance to indulge in the beauty of nature and design in one setting.
Article printed from Inhabitat – Green Design, Innovation, Architecture, Green Building: http://inhabitat.com
URL to article: http://inhabitat.com/petting-farm-named-worlds-best-pleasure-building/
URLs in this post:
[1] 70F Architecture's Sheep Stable/Petting Farm: http://www.inhabitots.com/2009/09/03/award-winning-netherlands-petting-farm-combines-architecture-nature/
[2] World Architecture Award: http://www.worldarchitecturefestival.com/
Click here to print.
Copyright © 2011 Inhabitat Local - New York. All rights reserved.


text: Hey there all you thrill Seekers, Action Fly Boarding is now in Big Bear Lake California! We are so excited that you have stopped by to check us out and we look forward to you Flyboarding with us soon! Don't wait call us now!! (909) 366-0890 Please note that we are currently making minor upgrades to the site. Thank you for your patience!


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Local officials are spreading the word that people can get home safely from next week's St. Patrick's Day celebrations.
Members of the Rockland County Sheriff's Department were out in Pearl River yesterday handing out fliers about the "Alert Cab Program." Free cab rides will be available to revelers to cut down on drunken driving.
Police, bar owners and local taxi companies are joining...
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Go Paperless - AT NO COST TO YOU!
Merchants & Farmers Bank is pleased to offer E-Statements – the paperless statement option! By using E-Statements, the paper statements are eliminated from your mail box saving not only time but also the environment by eliminating paper waste. And YES, this is a NO COST feature to you with Online Banking!
With Merchants & Farmers Bank's E-Statement Service you'll enjoy these benefits:
- Secure access! Your statement will be located securely in Online Banking.
- No more waiting for the mail, it getting lost, or into the wrong hands! Your general statement will be available for your review the day after the statement cycle.
- Eliminate the paper clutter.
- Easy access and retrieval through Merchants & Farmers Bank Online Banking. Your statement will be stored for up to 24 months.
- We will notify you. You will receive an email notifying you when your electronic statement is available.
- Save your electronic statement to your computer, eliminating boxes and file cabinets of saved paper statements
To Enroll:
To be eligible to view E-Statements, you must have Merchants & Farmers Bank Online Banking, our online banking program.
If you are a Merchants & Farmers Bank customer but have not enrolled for Online Banking, please click the "Enroll" button at the top of the screen to get started. (The link is at the top of the screen with the Online Banking Login graphic)
If you are a Merchants & Farmers Bank Online Banking user, simply log in to your account to begin enrollment in E-Statements. Within Online Banking, look for the User Services Tab. Under Manage Account, Click E-Statements Only. Choose Electronic Only Statement Delivery and Accept.
To qualify for Merchants & Farmers Bank E-Statements, you must have a Checking or Savings account and be an Online Banking user. Online Banking is FREE to Merchants & Farmers Banking account holders. For more information please contact one of our locations.


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Edit Article
How to Get a Library Card
Do you want to start a hobby in reading? Or do you think it would do you the world of good to start read? Well, here is a simple, easy guide on how you can get a library card!
This article has been tagged as a stub.
That means it's off to a good start, but still has room to grow into a more helpful resource. Until the article reaches its full potential, it will be hidden from search results. Can you help it flourish? If you think the article offers complete and accurate instructions, feel free to remove this tag.
1Visit your local library. Most cities, towns, villages have one.
2Ask to apply for a card. You may need some identification like a passport, drivers license, etc.
3Start off small. If you're not used to getting books out of the library, take one at a time. Then each week get more out.
4Get to know the librarians. This is really good because they'll recommend good books for your interests.
5Visit on a regular basis if you can. The more you visit, the more enjoyable it can become.
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Broken Sword 3 - The Sleeping Dragon
Third party DRM: SteamThis game requires a free Steam account to play.
An ancient conspiracy. A broken Code. An unsolved murder. Welcome to Broken Sword – The Sleeping Dragon, the multi BAFTA-nominated adventure. Once more George and Nico must travel the world, wrestling danger, and piecing together the clues that will unravel the secrets of the Sleeping Dragon.
Powerful seismic events are shaking the world. Something sinister is emerging. An Ancient Conspiracy, the Secret of the Templars, and a fiendish source of pure Evil are responsible. The death of a back bedroom computer hacker in Paris is just the beginning of another extraordinary adventure for George Stobbart and Nico Collard. Welcome to the world of Broken Sword. Breathtaking graphics driven by cutting edge technology.
Key Features:
Compelling contemporary non-linear gameplay driven by a powerful and unique interface.
Proprietary real-time Ray Tracing technology creates a unique visual style with free-roaming camera.
Movie quality script and voice acting, choreographed by Revolution's proprietary Virtual Actor Engine.
Customer reviews
This is where the things started to changePlayTyrant | May 8, 2015 | See all PlayTyrant's reviews »
I hated this game the first time I played it. I was used to the point and click classical layout, and then all of sudden... I found a 3D game, I wasn't expecting that. But then you realize that you're still in the Broken Sword universe, and the story, characters, everything you loved from the previous ones are there. There's another 3D one, which I like more than this one, but if you like Broken Sword you have to play this. It's worth it, absolutely.
Definitely worth a go.scottnat | Feb. 1, 2015 | See all scottnat's reviews »
A very pretty game. On that level i still find the lighting and design holds up today. It's also a decent story which moves along quite briskly and is always quite involving (top notch voice acting etc to). The only qualm i do have with the game is in making it 3d and i guess seeking '3d puzzles' they've saturated it somewhat with puzzles involving moving boxes around strategically. It sounds kind of an odd complaint, but if you play the game for any length of time you'll see what i mean. I'd still recommend it solidly, though, in spite of this quirk. By the standards of adventure games it's a very good one.


text: unregistered. - Unregistered October 22, 2012 4:41 PM Actually I think Stoner was lucky it rained, I think h is still too weak and wouldn't be able to match Dani and Lorenzo's pace in the dry. If he caught up with Lorenzo in Sepang is because Lorenzo had the soft tyre and had to slow way down towards the end. Maybe I'm wrong but anyway I guess we'll see on Sunday. 1 agree 0 disagree


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Dear Mr. Fantasy*
Just in time for Skins training camp to open, the Washington Post unveils Fantasy Check, its fantasy football site.
In one of his opening posts, Mr. Fantasy, also known as writer Gene Wang, mulls going after Michael Vick and decides he ain't gonna.
I've always stayed away from this stuff, because I'm scared. Over the years I've [...]


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Smyth reclassified by the IPC ahead of worlds
Irish Paralympic sprinter Jason Smyth has been reclassified from the T12 to T13 category, just ahead of the Paralympic Athletics World Championships in Doha, Qatar.
Irish Paralympic sprinter Jason Smyth has been reclassified from the T12 to T13 category, just ahead of the Paralympic Athletics World Championships in Doha, Qatar.
Jason Smyth is putting family before glory as he prepares for the Paralympic Athletics World Championships in Doha later this month.
Jason Smyth has reinforced his claim on the title of world's fastest para-athlete with a win in Rio de Janeiro.
London 2012 Paralympic silver medallist Catherine O'Neill has announced her retirement from competitive athletics.
Denis Toomey has been named as Chef de Mission for the Irish Paralympic team for the 2016 Games in Rio de Janeiro.
Ireland's Michael McKillop has claimed his second gold at the Paralympic Athletics European Championships in Swansea, adding the T38 1500m title to his 800m title.
Ireland's Michael McKillop has won gold in the T38 800m at the IPC Athletics European Championships in Swansea.
On the penultimate day of competition at the Paralympic Athletics European Championships in Swansea, Ireland's Lorraine Regan finished fifth in the F57 Shot Put with a best of 6.88m.
Orla Barry became the third Irish athlete to medal at the IPC Athletics European Championships in Swansea when she claimed silver in the F57 discus today.
Despite carrying an injury, gold is still the goal for Michael McKillop at the European Paralympics Championships in Swansea next week.
Ireland's James Scully won his second Bronze medal at the Paralympic Swimming European Championships in Eindhoven, Holland today.
James Scully has secured bronze in the S5 100 metres freestyle on the opening day of the IPC Swimming European Championships in Eindhoven.
Visually-impaired Northern Irish skier Kelly Gallagher and guide Charlotte Evans earned Great Britain their first ever gold medal at the Winter Paralympics.
Paralympic gold medallist for Ireland Bethany Firth has changed nationality to Great Britain.
Reigning World and Paralympic Champion Mark Rohan, finished fourth in the MH1 Road Race at the 2013 UCI Para-Cycling Road World Championships in Baie-Comeau, Canada.
Defending world champion and World Cup series winner Colin Lynch has won a bronze medal in the C2 time trial at the 2013 UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships in Canada.
Mark Rohan has won a silver medal in the time trial at the UCI Para-cycling World Championships in Canada.
Ireland's Darragh McDonald claimed a gold medal in the 400m Freestyle S6 on the first day of the IPC Swimming World Championships in Montreal.
London has been named as the host city for the 2017 IPC Athletics World Championships
The Irish Paralympic Team received a rapturous welcome home after their record-breaking exploits in London 2012


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Welcome to the SENCER resources search page! We encourage you to explore the SENCER models, backgrounders, essays, and campus reports are available through this page. The categories listed on the right hand side of this page will help you narrow the available resources based on your needs and interests.
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Environment and Disease part of Environment and Disease
Michael F. Tibbetts email@example.com Associate Professor of Biology, Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Bard College. Biology Program Director Abstract Environment and Disease is a team-taught ...
Nutrition and Wellness and the Iowa Environment part of Nutrition and Wellness and the Iowa Environment
LaRhee Henderson - Associate Professor of Chemistry Director, Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Charisse Buising - Associate Professor of Biology, Assistant Director, Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular ...
Agenda Now Available for November 2 SCI-New England Meeting part of Newsletter Articles
The day will be full of workshops introducing participants to SENCER, providing discussions of innovative pedagogies and partnerships including a panel from Campus Compact. In addition, there will be a workshop for administrators on leading change on your campus.
An Emerging Model: Slow Food part of Slow Food
Marion Field Fass, Sc.D., Professor of Biology and Chair, Health and Society, Beloit College (Curriculum Vitae (Acrobat (PDF) 149kB Jul15 08) Abstract Slow Food is one of the First Year Initiative (FYI) Seminars ...
Sustainability & Human Health: A Learning Community part of Sustainability & Human Health
Wagner College taught by Donald Stearns and Kim Worthy Abstract Designed for non-science majors, this learning community considers the impact of humans on the environment, with emphasis on the major environmental ...
Science outreach - Public Understanding of Science part of Science outreach - Public Understanding of Science
Hannah Alexander, Adjunct Associate Professor, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 Public Understanding of Science is an interactive course that aims to train students to ...
Northland College Students and Faculty Assess Pre-mining Environmental Baselines part of Newsletter Articles
Quietly, in order to ensure that the decision-making and environmental impact determination processes are based on sound science, students and faculty from Northland College in Ashland have been gathering baseline data on local water and air quality both in and around the reservation, in partnership with citizen science efforts of the non-profit Bad River Watershed Association.
GLISTEN Undergraduate Stewardship Liaisons Train on Historic Gibralter Island part of Newsletter Articles
From June 7-8, the USLs received intensive training, developed in partnership with the Institute for Conservation Leadership, to begin building that bridge.
Spanning the Gulf Between the Public and Science: Undergraduates as Bridges in the Scholarship of Engagement part of Backgrounders
Glenn Clayton Odenbrett - National Center for Science and Civic Engagement Summary Based on experiences of campus-community partnerships fostered by the GLISTEN (the Great Lakes Innovative Stewardship Through ...
NCSCE Grants 25 Implementation Awards for Projects that Reform STEM Education, Increase Community Engagement, and Build Civic Capacity part of Newsletter Articles
NCSCE awarded 25 SSI 2014 Post-Institute Implementation Awards that promote student engagement with STEM education, civic issues, and community outreach. The Implementation Awards, made possible through the National Science Foundation, are designed to support innovative projects that incorporate SENCER Ideals into undergraduate and graduate education. The 2014 awards sponsor projects that make STEM more accessible to women, minorities, and students in small, rural schools; reform institutional core curricula to broaden the scope of central, civic issues; and involve students in community-based research. Project themes include Mars exploration, sustainability and urbanization, stormwater runoff, assisted reproductive technologies, genetically modified organisms, the history and practice of science, and more. Projects were selected following a competitive review process.


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Top Definition
Just as the gooch is the area between the balls and the sphinc, the side-gooch is the area between the balls and the legs.
My side-gooch smells like a genocide.
af Smegster. 10. november 2010
Skriv din email-adresse nedenunder for at få Dagens Urban Ord gratis hver morgen!
Emails sendes fra email@example.com. Vi lover ikke at spamme dig.×


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The Struggle for the Sons of Confederate
Veterans: A Return to White Supremacy
in the Early Twenty-First Century?
During the 108th annual reunion of the Sons of Confederate Veterans (scv), held in July 2004 in Dalton, Georgia, Walter C. ("Walt") Hilderman III was ejected from the event by scv lawyers Burl McCoy, then serving as the group's Judge Advocate General, and Sam Currin, a prominent former U.S. attorney and superior court judge from North Carolina who had chaired that state's Republican Party from 1996 to 1999.1 Hilderman, a South Carolinian with a fondness for reenacting Civil War battles and tidying up Confederate cemeteries, had publicly asked the scv to remove white supremacists and secessionists from its ranks. After forcibly removing Hilderman from the convention, the scvers present voted nearly unanimously for a resolution to consider revoking Hilderman's scv membership. In November 2004, that resolution passed the scv's General Executive Council (gec), the scv's leadership committee comprising officials appointed by the elected Commander, all living past Commanders, plus two elected officials from each of the three major scv divisions: the Army of Northern Virginia, the Army of Tennessee, and the Army of the Trans-Mississippi—divisions named after the components of the Confederate military.
Hilderman's ejection from the Dalton reunion symbolized the end of a fifteen-year attempt by moderates and Civil War history buffs to modernize the scv by renouncing segregation and race hatred. Having passed its first anti–Ku Klux Klan resolution in 1989, the scv by 2004 considered its experiment with racial tolerance over. This change of heart came as the result of a concerted effort by extremists, predominantly from the white supremacist neo-Confederate organizations the Council of Conservative Citizens (ccc) and the League of the South (ls), to infiltrate the scv and move it toward their own positions. This infiltration strategy was clever. It targeted a conservative group of men with deep nostalgia for the antebellum South and


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Death 1887 by MichaelDooneyWatch
©2011-2016 MichaelDooney
Ol' Death has been around forever so she fits right into my 1887 theme. I think that this might be the first time I've ever drawn an umbrella!
Love it!
Very much wanting to cosplay this one all of a sudden. ^^
Fantastic reimagining of a reimagined character.
I'd love to see Dream done in this style I love it!
Steampunk Death! Love it.
I love this series. This is such a great drawing of Death in awesome Victorian Steampunk attire. Love it! And wonderfully executed as usual.
Oh, do Desire next, please! I'd love to see what you could do with our darling sister-brother and the rest of the family.
absolutely adore this!
so cute!


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Is That Lil' Kim? Rapper Shocks Fans With Transformation to Blonde White Woman
- 09:06 AM, Apr 25
The Set of Film Paranoia
Photo credit: Hugh Dillon / WENN
To fit your screen, we scale this picture smaller than its actual size. The original picture size is 1000x775 pixels and this photo has been viewed 4124 times since July 21, 2012


text: Login Copyright (c) 2016 by Conditions of Use • Privacy Policy Return to Blogmeister -- Blogmeister by Teacher Assignments Teacher Entries spring brake 4/16 winter brace 1/5 mare xmes 12/17 Dialogue wrihng. 12/9 Phoneybone 11/5 namber puzzles 10/30 namber puzzles 10/30 water system field trip. 10/23 mynickname 9/3 Student Entries The reson u I had a bade wenter brace is becuase I was weth my dad so I had no one to play weth nothing to do but wach tv,eat, sllep and barly play on the computer. Article posted January 5, 2009 at 11:43 AM • comment • Reads 123 • Return to Blog List Add a Comment The computer you are commenting from has an id number. It is 188.8.131.52! Your Name: E-mail: URL of Your Blog Your Comment: Prove that you're a human! Enter the letters & numbers in the box: When your comment has been submitted, it will be delivered to the teacher, for approval. When it has been approved, the comment will be added to this author's blog.Thank you! Login Copyright (c) 2016 by Conditions of Use • Privacy Policy Return to Blogmeister