text:
Around 2:50 p.m.
A train is being held in the station, its doors closed, passengers inside.
Around 2:50 p.m.
A train is being held in the station, its doors closed, passengers inside.
Transit Police have posted photos of a guy who rode up to Stony Brook station on a bicycle Monday morning, went to the bike rack and stole a tire off another bike.
- Collin Fedor (@collinfedor) Sept 16, 2015
Collin Fedor thought they were great, wonders if anybody knows who they are.
A man already wanted for various crimes was charged with another early Saturday: Knocking over a vending machine at the Stony Brook stop on the Orange Line, Transit Police report.
A surveillance video shows Dayquan Hardy, 22, apparently being quite happy with his work - possibly because he knows he's cheated death by vending-machine crushing. Read more.
Transit Police report arresting a 14-year-old from Everett early this morning on charges he swiped a phone right out of the hands of a woman sitting on an inbound Orange Line train next to a door open after the train pulled into Stony Brook.
The kid, too young to have his name released, didn't get far, police say: Other passengers chased him and a T worker "was able to prevent the male from escaping."
Boston.com reports City Feed and Supply on Boylston Street was held up this afternoon by a white guy in glasses with a gun.
This is the fourth such armed robbery in Jamaica Plain this month by a white guy in glasses with a gun.
Transit Police report they are looking for Justin Hollingsworth, 22, on charges he tried gunning another man down in front of the Stony Brook Orange Line station on July 7.
When caught, Hollingsworth will face charges of assault and battery with a dangerous weapon and various gun-related charges.
City Councilor Matt O'Malley and BPD District E-13 Capt. Alfredo Andres are planning a community meeting this Monday to discuss three recent shootings - one fatal - in the area.
The session starts at 7:30 p.m. at the Nate Smith House, 155 Lamartine St.
UPDATE: Suspect identified and sought.
Stanley Staco reports somebody was shot at the entrance to the Stony Brook Orange Line station around 7:55 p.m. - and that the gunman may have gotten off as many as eight shots.
Transit Police report the victim, 23, is expected to survive.
Police are looking for two guys they say politely said hello to commuters leaving the Orange Line station this afternoon before they settled on a particular woman, followed her home and then robbed her of her phone.
A couple days ago, we considered an incident at Stony Brook involving a fat-shaming doofus and the woman he made cry.
A man who says he also watched the incident unfold explains why crying lady wasn't exactly Miss Innocent, that, in fact, she had been subtly tormenting the guy and an older woman she sat between from Downtown Crossing all the way into JP.
Before he left the train, hipster dude went up to a woman and told her to lose weight. Alison, who saw the victim burst into tears after vaguely Macklemorish dude swaggered off, pens an angry Missed Connection that you shouldn't read if you're prone to vapors:
I asked her what you said---and in between sobs she goes, "he said 'Have some respect for yourself and lose some weight'".
What could top the mini-pig of Mission Hill?
Brian D'Amico reports State and Boston police flooded the area around the Stony Brook stop on the Orange Line after a knife fight shortly after 4 p.m. - even as people nearby celebrated Boston's ties to the Dominican city of Bani in the annual Convite Banilejo. A State Police helicopter and K9 units were brought to the scene to look for a third suspect.
Jamaica Plain Patch reports on a late-night incident at Stony Brook station in which four riders teamed up to capture and detain an alleged cell-phone thief - despite some punches from the guy's accomplices.
NOTE: This post originally said Stonybrook Wine and Spirits had been robbed again on March 17, two months after it was robbed by a guy with a prominent facial scar.
Not the most practical perhaps, but, ooh, shiny!
Brett Dikeman at JP Bikes spotted the new amenity the other day on the bike path by the Stony Brook T stop. He's promising an ice cream cone at JP Licks for the best caption for his photo.
Boston Police are looking for a gunman they say held up Stonybrook Wine and Spirits on Tuesday night - and his getaway driver.
Police say a worker at the 80 Boylston St. store was standing outside around 9:40 p.m., when a light-complexioned black man with a "distinct 3-inch scar on his left cheek" approached and pointed a black gun at him.
The gunman ordered him back in the store and told him to empty the cash register. When he spotted a second worker, he ordered him behind the counter as well, police say - giving the first worker enough time to push a silent alarm.
Prior to police arrival the suspect fled with about $600 cash. A review of the cameras revealed a second suspect standby around the corner and a mini van or sport utility vehicle used in the getaway.
UPDATED 1:20 p.m., Wednesday.
Boston Police report arresting two men in connection with a Tuesday-night shooting on School Street that sent one man to the hospital.
Neither Rey Fulcar, 25, of Roxbury, nor David Arias, 19, of Roxbury, however, was charged with the actual shooting, from which the victim is expected to recover, police say.


text:
|By Marketwired .
Article Rating:
|February 26, 2013 12:01 AM EST
SAN FRANCISCO, CA -- (Marketwire) -- 02/26/13 -- FinancialForce.com, the cloud applications company, today announced the Winter '13 release of FinancialForce Professional Services Automation (PSA), a cloud-based solution that transforms how professional services (PS) organizations sell, resource, and deliver professional services projects. FinancialForce PSA Winter '13 reinforces FinancialForce.com's commitment to making PS teams more effective, mobile and social.
Built on the Salesforce Platform and natively embedded with Salesforce CRM, FinancialForce PSA is one of the industry's fastest growing PSA solutions. Winter '13 is based on enhancement ideas submitted online by the company's growing community of users via the FinancialForce Community. FinancialForce.com has delivered new capabilities in PSA Winter '13 to dramatically simplify expense entry and receipt capture via mobile devices. FinancialForce PSA Winter '13 also features a host of new innovations based on customer feedback to boost productivity and ease of use for services teams.
More Efficient, Mobile and Social
FinancialForce PSA Winter '13 features a new mobile expense entry application which complements the existing FinancialForce PSA timecard entry application. The new app gives highly mobile PS workforces the tools they need to focus on customer service and satisfaction and minimize the time spent on administrative responsibilities.
Mobile expense entry enables users to submit and track their expenses on their Android device, iPhone or iPad, taking photos of receipts and attaching them to expenses. Once submitted, expenses are immediately available for client billing and/or accounting for employee reimbursement. With everything centralized, PS professionals can access all the information they need to collaborate on the road, including via Salesforce Chatter, while getting their timecards and expenses entered anywhere, anytime.
PSA Winter '13 also introduces many time-saving features, based directly on users' evolving needs. For example:
- The FinancialForce Output Builder now offers automatic, scheduled project status reports. Output Builder can create project status updates directly from the data in the system, which can be automatically emailed to customers and stakeholders. In addition to keeping external and internal teams up-to-date, this capability also saves PS teams significant time and resources from the laborious process of gathering data manually, and assimilating the information into attractive and informative project reports based on the customers' needs.
- ClickLink, a FinancialForce Platform "click to integrate" tool now features Import/Export functionality to transfer integration rules and configurations between organizations. This allows integration rules to be shared between sandbox and live environments as well as sharing amongst the FinancialForce user community.
- Bulk Timecard and Expense Approval allows professionals to breeze through an often arduous process in bulk rather than manually manage approvals one by one.
"For professional services teams, maximizing their business value for customers remains the top priority," said Christine Dover, Research Director at IDC. "Mobile expense entry, bulk approval and customized real-time reporting capabilities allow consultants and services professionals more time to focus on what's essential -- customer service and satisfaction."
In addition, PSA Winter '13 includes dozens of productivity enhancements to reduce data entry, make resource assignments easier and allow more flexibility to adapt to changing project needs on the fly.
"Manual and time-intensive administrative duties consume too much of a consultant's time, both personal and potentially billable time," said Jeremy Roche, CEO at FinancialForce.com. "This new release not only gives them an edge in mobile and social capabilities but it gives them back time to do what they do best -- delighting customers."
FinancialForce PSA Winter '13 is available immediately to FinancialForce PSA users as part of their subscription fee. The Mobile Expenses Application will be available in the Apple App Store and Google Play within three weeks. To learn more, visit www.financialforce.com.
About FinancialForce.com
FinancialForce.com is the cloud applications company. We build the #1 Accounting, Billing and Professional services automation applications on the Salesforce cloud platform. We serve fast-growing organizations and dynamic enterprises, helping them to align Finance, Sales and Service in a way that enables profitable growth. We are backed by two of the biggest and best players in the business, UNIT4 and salesforce.com.
To learn more please follow us on Twitter @FinancialForce, visit our Facebook page or visit www.FinancialForce.com.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Nice hotel with exellent staff and a good athmosphere. and also near to the city center
have stayed before- very accommodating staff, excellent rooms- good bus link to oslo centre- local cinema and shopping arcade. easy access to local hospital if needed and also lillestrom town
good breakfast but lacking fish dishes which have been in other Thon hotels
friendly staff
hypocritical staff
Saga Hotel is a very stylish and comfortable boutique hotel, in a quiet and elegant area of Oslo, fifteen minutes walk from the national theatre, the palace and the main shopping street. (The train from the airport stops at the National Theatre and taxis are available, or without a lot of luggage it's a 15 minute walk - alternatively there are trams from Oslo Central Station). The staff were friendly and helpful, the breakfast was excellent and my room was very comfortable and quiet - I was able to sleep with the windows open without any noise from the street. I was meeting up with Norwegian friends and after calling in to the hotel to take me out they were very impressed and will now be recommending the hotel to their business colleagues. I'll certainly stay here again on my next visit to Oslo.
Apart from excellent breakfast facilities the hotel doesn't have a restaurant or room service - as a single traveler I prefer not to dine out alone, but as I was meeting friends each day this wasn't a problem on this trip. There are lots of restaurants nearby.
Loved it
The location
there has gone a lot of things wrong for us at the grand hotel unfortunately. there has not been room cleaning the whole weekend. the video system dind't work proper and this could not be solved. the spa we couldn't make use of with our 2 1/2 year old, because he should be 3 years. unfortunately they could only inform us about this after we were dressed in our bading suits. the hotel staff wasn't very cooperating.
Excellent location, close to metro station and museums Great apartment option for families with more than 4 people
When arriving to the hotel, bathroom floor was not clean, and no cleaninig personnel. I cleaned myself Restaunrant and bar, closed too early
Handy for metro (5 min. Into city centre)
A lot of choice for breakfast.
A bit noisy because of works inside the hotel.
Location is superb when looking for a quiet place to stay. Views are breathtaking
Distance from Oslo citycenter is big. (Taxi approx. 40 euro's single trip)
Quality of The hotel: new, design, beautiful, fireplace in The lobby! The breakfast is amazing
They lie on their website: The say Its next to The subway, but The subway is on maintenance for 1 year! Youll need 45 min to go to The city (walk, bus, ...). The pool is not working, another lie ! My girlfriend was sick, i ordered in the room some simple food and they charged us 75euros for a single meal, without bread and water!!! Not acceptable. It could be a very good hotel, but they really need to improve the very bad service at The reception and stop lying! Oh, there is no tv in The room.
Nice tv with two Danish channels included :)
I really missed a water boiler and some coffee and tea in the room. The beds were a little too soft.
Close to office, free parking and clean and nice hotel.
A bite off from city center no restaurants closed to hotel.
Pleasant staff, reasonable price, nice rooms
Restaurant in hotel overpriced, waitress rather curt and there are no alternatives in the vicinity of the hotel
Clean rooms, good food, friendly staff
would like to bee able to boil water and have a instant coffe or tea in the room.
very good breakfast and good location
the room was too hot!!!! we hurry out as soon as possible. next time we deffenently want a room with a window........
A person who I was meeting with, was arriving late & I was able to arrange some food to be in his room when he arrived. (Past resteraunt closing time)
City Center; perfect location
price/quality questionmark.
Very good location near the national theater. Polite and friendly staff. Rooms are not very big, but ok size though.
Location(distanc from station). Price. Hotel Manager was a very nice lady. A cafe downstairs (offers veriety of food & remains open till late night).
It is a hostel not a hotel. Shared bathrooms. Worst place (hotel) I have ever stayed in:)
The staff were helpful and there was an interesting international group of residents. it was also good value for money
The worst feature was the totally inadequate washing facilities. The wash room on my floor was a converted kitchen without a door. It didnt have a mirror so shaving was difficult. The communal shower room was three floors below my floor. This is more a youth hostel than a hotel.
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Excuse me, SIXTEEN? 18 maybe, but definitely NOT 16!
Lynette's kids (who were recast) do NOT look siteen.
Don't get me wrong - I do not mind when older or yougnger actors portray characters who aren't te same age as them. But man, the casting sucks. They couldn't find any other twin actors who look closer to 16?


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Calgary, AB, May 31, 2013 - With rents topping $800 for a one bedroom apartment and more than $1,000 for a two bedroom, it behooves potential renters to research the property – and property management company – before plopping down a deposit along with the first and last month's rent and signing a year-long lease.
Why? In 2012, more than 6,400 complaints against apartment complexes and landlords were filed with Better Business Bureau for issues including incorrect billing, trouble getting security deposits back or getting repairs handled in a timely manner.
If you're looking to rent, your BBB offers these tips:
Go to bbb.org to check out apartment complexes and property managers you are considering. BBB Business Reviews show a company's rating and whether or not there's a history of complaints.
Before signing the lease, make sure you read and understand the rental terms and your responsibilities as a tenant. When is rent due? Who pays for utilities? Are pets allowed? Keep a copy for your records.
Before moving in, look over the condition of the apartment in person and document all flaws and defects in both writing and with photos. Have all agreements, such as what improvements will be made and when, put into writing.
Find out how maintenance and repair concerns are handled and within what time frame. What is your responsibility when it comes to minor repairs or replacing light bulbs? Remember that you have certain rights when it comes to a livable space, such as heat, water, electricity and clean, safe surroundings. Visit the the Service Alberta website for information on the landlord-tenant act.
Be wary of rental ads on Craigslist and other online forums. Scam artists post phony ads using photos and addresses of legitimate properties and state they are unable to show the property because they are out of town. Never wire money for a property you have not seen.
Don't skip renter's insurance. The property owner carries insurance on the building, but it's your responsibility to insure all personal furnishings and belongings against theft or disasters such as fire, flood or tornado.


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Updated Card for WWE's Night of Champions PPV Next Sunday
by Amish Patel - September 12, 2011
– Coming out of tonight's WWE RAW Supershow in Canada, here's the updated card for Sunday's Night of Champions pay-per-view from Buffalo, New York:
WWE Title Match
John Cena vs. Alberto Del Rio
World Heavyweight Title Match
Mark Henry vs. Randy Orton
WWE Tag Team Title Match
The Miz & R-Truth vs. Kofi Kingston & Evan Bourne
WWE Divas Title Match
Beth Phoenix vs. Kelly Kelly
WWE United States Title Match
Jack Swagger vs. Alex Riley vs. John Morrison vs. Dolph Ziggler
No DQ Match
CM Punk vs. Triple H
If Punk wins, Triple H must resign as COO.
|John Morrison Talks About The Second Season Of Lucha Underground And The Promotion Running More Live Events
The Hottest WWE news, photos and videos delivered to your inbox in one convenient newsletter. Sign up now and give it a try!


text:
13 Reviews
Sweet and tangy mustard dressing, makes any salad really delicious! Used cider vinegar and upped the amount to 1/2 cup. Fantastic!
I am addicted to this all over again. We used to have a Pancho's here in Tupelo many many years ago. I made this dressing a few days ago and love it. I have tried it on salad, taco salad and today mixed in some bean dip. I am hooked. I only used half the sugar and it turned out perfect. It tastes pretty close the day you make it but tastes just like it after sitting overnight in the frig...
Loved this dressing! Who would have thought such a combination would taste this yummy...
Do not know Pancho's but love their dressing...will make often..
I am so glad to find this! I was raised in West Memphis, literally two blocks from the original Pancho's. From the time I was 10 or 11 years old through my teenage years, my friends and I would walk up there and get tacos and the wonderful cheese and hot dip. I still have family in the area and every time I go home Pancho's is a planned destination. I also stop by Kroger on the way out of town to stock up on taco sauce, hot dip, and cheese dip, but now if I run out before I can make another trip I don't have to do with it. It is the BEST thing in the world on tacos and taco salads, and I've tried several times to duplicate it from the ingredients listed on the container, but haven't been successful. Thankyou!
I grew up on this stuff, and I'm addicted. I've been searching for a recipe forever. Truthfully, I thought it had way too much much mustard. But I'll be eternally grateful to you for providing a 'base' on which to experiment! P.S. You might want to check out my Pancho's Cheese Dip. It's the real deal!
I love the Panchos dressing. I made this recipe and it seems a bit sweet. I will try it again with less sugar.
Can't wait to try this. My father-in-law makes an awesome salsa and he always said it was from some restaurant called Pancho's. They use to live in Memphis, so I now assume that is where the recipes hails from. Thanks for helping me put together the pieces!
You have totally made my day. I haven't lived in Memphis for over 20 years and have no people there to help me. I really was beginning to think this dressing was a figment of my imagination. After reading everyone else's reviews, now I realize it was real!! Thank you so much for this.
This is AWESOME and the closest thing I can find to the original. Great Job!
Having grown up in Memphis, TN, and enjoying Pancho's food for numerous years, this certainly is a reminder. It is VERY close to the original. They used it on everything, loved it on the tacos. For thewub, you can still buy this dressing in the grocery store Kroger. My mother still lives in the area and I have her mail it to me a few times a year. Now I don't have to - Thank you, thank you, thank you Stephie! As an aside, if you use olive oil, light, it will give it the greener appearance.


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Zen Fusion
14 Main St ~ PH: 570-730-4449
Moderate-- Vegan-friendly, Lacto, Ovo, International, Take-out, Caribbean, Non-veg--- Additional Info: Serves meat, veg options available. Offers prix fixe vegan meals nightly, plus you can order a la carte. Owners are art collectors and the decor reflects that. There are 2 small rooms in addition to the main dining area. BYOB. Located by Appalachian trailhead and national park. Buses run from NYC or Philly. Accepts credit cards. Fri 12:00pm-3:00pm, Fri-Sat 5:00pm-9:00pm, Sat 11:00am-3:00pm, Sun 11:00am-7:00pm.-- Rating: 4 HappyCow(s)
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Shabby exterior, but decent budget pick
69 Ratchadamnoen Rd, Phrae T: (054) 511 122, (054) 511 622 F: (054) 521 937
While the exterior of the Nakorn Phrae Hotel could serve as illustrative photo for a 'shabby' dictionary entry, rooms are not bad at all and staff are friendly and helpful.
(The hotel is run by the same guys as nearby Nakorn Phrae Tower.) For 60 baht less, it's barely worth considering the fan-cooled rooms, unless you're seriously budget strapped, though we would recommend skimping on the additional 50 baht for an upgrade to superior. The only difference is that the so-called superiors come with a fridge and tiled floor otherwise the regular air-con have much nicer varnished wood floors. Rooms are clean, beds comfortable enough, and the WiFi and air-con work -- we even found an English-language movie on the TV. The location is excellent too, being a minute's walk from the fine Gingerbread House for food and coffee and just two minutes' walk from the night market. The staff are keen to offer advice and the security guard helped fix our motorbike. Although only minimal English is spoken, staff were clearly chuffed to have a foreign guest.
By Mark Ord
Last updated on 24th February, 2016.


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Marlborough/Westborough: Next Generation Children's Center open house
October 10, 2013| Free
Event Navigation
Next Generation Children's Centers of Marlborough and Westborough invite you to visit their open house Oct. 10, from 7 a.m. through 7 p.m. Family owned and operated for 20 years, Next Generation offers enriching programs for infant through kindergarten-aged children. RSVP for Marlborough at 508-480-9222 or email@example.com. RSVP for Westborough at 508-616-9100 or email@example.com and ask about the new family registration special. NGCC is conveniently located near Routes 20 and 9 and the Mass Pike. Visit www.NGCCenters.com for more information.


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So if the PA throws a stone, we should talk? If they shoot, we shouldn't shoot back? We broke the so called cycle of violence by pulling out. A cycle of peace would have been created had the PA responded in kind. But they responded with more violence, proving they don't want peace as much as we wish they did. Don't judge the PA based on our ideals. Judge them objectively by their actions. If IDF actions contradict the establish of a palestinian state, then what about palestinian actions? What have they done since the pullout to indicate that they really want a civil, peaceful, functioning society? Gaza has sunk to the depths since we pulled out, cause the palestinians let it. It's become gangs, warlords, terrorist groups and nothing more. And none of that is Israel's fault. When they prove they want a real, true, honest and decent, peaceful state, we will help them. Until then, stop blaming Israel for arab disingenuousness.
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Printable Area
Photo by Texas Aggie Mom
Photo by Texas Aggie Mom
"This is a recipe that I've developed through trial and error. These taste best when served piping hot, so be sure to make these just before you're ready to sit down to eat. Simply delicious! :)"
Serving Size: 1 (1142 g)
Servings Per Recipe: 1


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The Walkmen - 'We Can't Be Beat'
Following the release of three tracks from their upcoming LP Heaven, The Walkmen have added another song to listen to in the form of 'We Can't Be Beat'.
The band has released three other songs from the aforementioned LP, including 'Heartbreaker', 'Southern Heart' and the eponymous track 'Heaven'.
Although they're one of my favorite bands, I have a feeling that we're in for a great album when it will be released later this month on the 29th. Stream the track below.
Purchase and listen
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Latitude Festival 2011 // Latest Additions including Grouplove & Adam Ant
The following artists have been added to this year's Latitude Festival (14th - 17th July 2011, Henham Park Estate, Southwold, Suffolk) lineup: Adam Ant Carl Barât Cloud Control Grouplove The Walkmen For more info on the festival, please head to www.latitudefestival.co.uk [read more]
SXSW 2010 - Part One
Kata Rokkar is an amazing music blog based in America. It's been a valuable source of inspiration since we started a few years back and we consider it an honour to have them (Shawn Robbins & Family) help us out with SXSW coverage this year. Consider this the first of many 'Cross-Atlantic' collaborations. Enjoy and remember to check Kata Rokkar out by going to http://katarokkar.cribble.net Shawn: It was an interesting day in Austin, TX for me. Let's start with IHOP, actu... (continued) [read more]
The Walkmen - 'Heaven' [Full Album Stream]
Courtesy of those fine people over at NPR, you can now listen to The Walkmen's new album, Heaven, in its entirety. [read more]
The 405 Gig Guide // (17th - 23rd January 2011)
Drum Eyes â Buffalo Bar // 21st January 2011 Brightonâs DJ Scotch Egg returns to Cardiff with Drum Eyes, also featuring members of Boredom and Trencher, with their noisey krautrock Gameboy-assisted sounds. Support comes from the brilliant and hypnotizing H. Hawkline, fresh from touring the UK with Gruff Rhys and Cardiff trio Bear Man, playing their first ever show. Click here to buy tickets You can visit Drum Eyes by heading to myspace.com/drumeyes Other Gigs ... (continued) [read more]


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Global Education in the Shifting Classroom: Refocusing the Teacher Lens Through Study Abroad (2014-01-07)Academic exchange programmes provide opportunities for teacher candidates to study at educational institutions abroad wherein they are able to learn more about different cultures, teaching practices, and build cross-cultural ...
Global migration : patriarchy, propoganda and the well- being of women and children (Brock University, 2009-02-16)This critical analysis explores the conflicted position of women as ''trailing spouses" and the effects on families who relocate globally under the auspices of a multinational corporation, by utilizing a discursive ...
Globalization and Its Impact on Assessment: Moving Toward a New Story (2013-09-04)Globalization has resulted in large-scale international and local assessments closely tied to notions of accountability and competitiveness in a globalized economy. Although policy makers seek to ensure citizens meet the ...
Globe & Mail clipping announces V&B's new client (2009-02-05)This Januayr 19, 1979 clipping from the Globe & Mail announced the successful outcome of the pitch made for the McDonald's Restaurants Ltd. account.
The Globe, September 14, 1860 (1860-09-14)The Globe, Toronto, Ontario, "the Prince of Wales's arrival" is written in pencil on the front page, September 14, 1860.
Glucosamine resistance in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerivisae [sic] (Brock University, 1977-07-09)By using glucosamine resistant mutants of Saccharomyces ceriv~sa~ an attempt was made to discover the mechanisms which cause glucose repression and/or the Crabtree effect. The strains used are 4B2, GR6, lOP3r, GR8l and ...
Glucose dynamics in rat skeletal muscle : recovery from osmotic stress (Brock University, 2008-06-15)The purpose of this study was to examine cell glucose kinetics in rat skeletal muscle during iso-osmotic recovery from hyper- and hypo-osmotic stress. Rat EDL muscles were incubated for sixty minutes in either HYPO (190 ...
Gold Leaf (n.d.)Gold leaf that belonged to great grandmother French. This is enclosed in an envelope which has Jas. Carruthers and Co. Grain Exporters, New York as a return address, n.d.
Golf card for the Jekyl Island Club (n.d.)Golf card for the Jekyl Island Club. There have been entries on the card, but they have been erased, n.d.
Good Management Practice for Animal Handling and Stunning (American Meat Institute Foundation, 1900)On the front cover is a handwritten note that reads "original guidelines I used when the McDonalds audits were started in 1999".
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: Critical Media Literacy and Disney Female Characters (Brock University, 2014-04-01)The purpose of this research project was to use a qualitative approach to explore Critical Media Literacy (CML) with young girls by collaboratively analyzing Disney animated films. My goal was to provide a safe and encouraging ...
Gooderham's Labels ()A collection of Gooderham's labels that include: Bonded Stock Canadian Whisky, London Dry Gin, Big Brown Jug Canadian Rye Whiskey, and Rich and Rare Canadian Whiskey. The labels indicate the distillery was established ...
Gover General Michener (2009-02-11)Governor General Roland Michener speaks at the fall convocation in October 1969.
Governor General Departs (2009-02-11)The Governor General and his motorcade depart after the conclusion of the Official Opening of Brock University at the Glenridge Campus on October 19, 1964. Pictured here from left to right: F. G. Perry (with camera), African ...
Governor General Michener's Visit (2009-02-11)In October of 1969, Governor General Rolland Michener along with the Bailiff of Guernsey were invited to tour the Niagara Region with Dr. Gibson as part of a series of events to celebrate the 200th anniversary of Sir Isaac ...
Governor General Vanier (2009-02-11)Dr. Gibson shaking hands with Governor General Vanier at the Official Opening of Brock University at the Glenridge Campus on October 19, 1964. General Vanier had been invited to formally open the university.
Grace Anglican Church (St. Catharines, Ont.) collection (2010-09-21)6 cm of textual material
Grade 9 students' perceptions of the impact of a Drop Everything and Read (D.E.A.R.) program / (Brock University, 2007-06-29)Educators continually look for strategies to enhance and improve the reading practices of their students. This is an especially challenging task for secondary level teachers as high school students often lack intrinsic ...
Grade nine teachers' perception of how teachers, parents, peers, administrators, and community members affect the development of the grade nine student / (Brock University, 1997-05-21)The purpose of this study was to examine grade nine teachers' perception of how teachers, parents, peers, administrators, and community members influence the overall development of grade nine students. Ten grade nine ...
Graduate Studies Calendar 1975-1976 (2014-05-07)


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Uncle Buck's
Minneapolis, MN 55401
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Check BNN and Bulbanews for up-to-date Pokémon news and discuss it on the forums or in our IRC channel #bulbagarden on irc.systemnet.info.
Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver beta
Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver, as remakes of Pokémon Gold and Silver, implemented redone elements of the original games. Nonetheless, as individual games, they have gone through similar stages of development as all the other main series games.
Global information
CoroCoro's editions containing pre-release information of the games depicted earlier sprites for Silver, Chikorita, Pikachu and Pikachu-colored Pichu. Chikorita's leaf was darker.
An earlier back sprite for Ethan was also shown. His hair was slightly different and there was a symbol on his hat. There is also a prototype sprite for Lugia.
Earlier screenshots also depict the Slowpoke Well with a Team Rocket Grunt standing where Proton is in the final release, as was the case with the original Pokémon Gold and Silver. Another screenshot depicts the Mystri Stage in the Sinjoh Ruins with the three circles being identically colored. In the final release, they have three different colors specific to each circle.
Cyndaquil's front sprite in the opening of the games is different from its front sprite used during regular gameplay.
|Ethan's prototype back sprite
|Silver's prototype front sprite
|Chikorita's prototype front sprite
|Pikachu's prototype front sprite
|Pikachu-colored Pichu's prototype front sprite
Slowpoke Well, lacking Proton
Earlier version of the Mystri Stage
All items present in the internal data of Pokémon Diamond and Pearl and Pokémon Platinum are found in Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver, in addition to the latter's exclusive items.
- Photo Album, a key item for storing photos. It was replaced with photo storage integration in the PC;
- SlowpokeTail, an expensive but useless item. It makes a comeback from the original games and can be obtained through modification of the saved game but it has no function. Interestingly, it was made a key item (it was a regular item in the Generation II games).
Debugging features
The same debugging tools found in the internal data of Pokémon Platinum are also present in Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver.
Localization-specific information
Game Corners
Due to legal issues related with gambling, the interior design of both Goldenrod and Celadon Game Corners was completely overhauled in all non-Japanese releases of Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver. However, the original design is still present within the internal data of the localized releases, despite being severely limited, since most dialogue scripts were removed (with the exception of the Coin purchase interface, which is still completely functional and translated) and the slot machine interface pointers are redirected to the Voltorb Flip interface instead.
|This game-related article is part of Project Games, a Bulbapedia project that aims to write comprehensive articles on the Pokémon games.
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What does DCOC stand for?
DCOC stands for Deputy Commandant of Cadets
This definition appears very rarely and is found in the following Acronym Finder categories:
- Military and Government
See other definitions of DCOC
Other Resources:
We have 22 other meanings of DCOC in our Acronym Attic
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- « Previous
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- Directorate for Computer & Office Automation Resources
- Deputy Chief of Army Staff
- Davis College of Business (Jacksonville, FL)
- Democratic Citizens of Berwyn (est. 2005; Berwyn, IL)
- Detroit College Of Business (Flint, MI)
- Distributed Composite Object-Based Environment (computer engineering)
- Davis Chamber of Commerce (various locations)
- Dayton Church of Christ
- Denver Church of Christ
- Deputy Clerk of Course
- Deutsche Chill Out Charts (music playlist; Germany)
- Direct Current Offset Correction
- District of Columbia Office of Contracting and Procurement
- Data Center on Demand (American Power Conversion)
- Dual Currency Option Deposit (finance)
- Daily Cost of Doing Business
- Defense Centers of Excellence (US DoD)
- Diabetes Center of Excellence (Phoenix, AZ)
- DeKalb County Office of Economic Development (Decatur, GA)
- DC (District of Columbia) Office of Emergency Preparedness (Washington, DC)


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Dec 2, 1975
|Filing date
|Feb 5, 1973
|Priority date
|Oct 28, 1970
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Homer Johnnie Cook
|Original Assignee
|Du Pont
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (31), Classifications (16)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent [1 1 Cook [ 1 Dec. 2, 1975 Inventor: Homer Johnnie Cook, Seabrook,
[73] Assignee: E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Del.
22 Filed: Feb. 5, 1973 211 Appl. No.: 329,816
[44] Published under the Trial Voluntary Protest Program on January 28, 1975 as document no. B 329,816.
Related U.S. Application Data [63] Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 84,668, Oct. 28,
1970, abandoned.
[52] U.S. Cl.. 264/141; 260/949 GA; 260/949 GD; 264/176 R; 264/211; 264/349 [51] Int. Cl. 801.] 2/20 [58] Field of Search 264/-143, 264/176 R, 211, 349, 40; 260/949 GA, 94.9
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,528,523 11/1950 Kent ..264/349 3,121,914 2/1964 Olson et a1 264/211 3,484,507 12/1969 Smith 264/176 R 3,546,326 12/1970 Seifert ct a1. 264/211 Primary Examiner-Jeffery R, Thurlow [57] ABSTRACT A process for preparing crosslinkable polyethylene compositions by a continuous mixing process in an extruder is provided wherein a suitable peroxy compound having a flash point of at least 70 C. and moderated by solution or dispersion, in an inert liquid carrier, such as mineral oil, is injected into a molten polyethylene composition in the mixing zone of the extruder and thoroughly admixed therewith at a temperature of 130 C, characterized in that between 0.1 percent and 5 percent by weight, based on the polyethylene composition, of a moderated peroxy compound is injected into the polyethylene composition in a mixing zone having a hold-up time of less than 12 minutes, preferably between 1 and 10 minutes under the conditions of operation. From the mixing zone the compounded, crosslinkable polyethylene is discharged through the nose of the extruder to a die and extruded in a form suitable for chopping into molding granules.
3 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure US. Patent Dec. 2 1975 PROCESS FOR CONTINUOUSLY PREPARING EXTRUDABLE, CROSSLINKABLE POLYETI-IYLENE COMPOSITIONS SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The application is a continuation-in-part of my copending application Ser. No. 84,668, filed Oct. 28, 1970 since abandoned.
The present invention provides a process of manufacture for continuously preparing crosslinkable polyethylene compositions in the form of molding granules. More particularly, the present invention is directed to a continuous process for preparing molding granules of crosslinkable polyethylene compositions by continuous mixing of a moderated peroxy compound having an equivalent half-life of more than 1 hour in the polymer melt with the molten polyethylene composition in the mixing zone of a mixer-extruder at a temperature between 130 and 160C, said moderated peroxy compound being injected under pressure into the mixing zone of said mixer-extruder. Moderation of the peroxy compound is obtained by dissolving or dispersing the peroxy compound in a light oil or molten wax. After mixing with the peroxy compound in the mixing zone of said extruder, the resultant crosslinkable polyethylene compositions are immediately extruded through a die into a form suitable for chopping into molding granules. For example, the molten compositions can be extruded as strands, large diameter monofilaments or ribbons, which can be immediately melt-cut to provide molding granules. The molding granules are useful for subsequent fabrication into articles of commerce, for instance, wire-coatings, which, subsequent to fabrication, are crosslinked by heating to temperatures above 160C, preferably in the range of l80200C., to activate the peroxy compound and thus cause crosslinking of the polyethylene compositions.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Crosslinkable polyethylene is a known polymeric material and is described in numerous patents, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,455,910, 2,628,214, 2,826,570, 2,888,424, 2,938,012, 3,079,370, 3,098,831, 3,334,080, 3,335,124 and 3,420,891. Processes for preparing crosslinkable polyethylene are also described in the aforementioned patents. As there described, these consist of batch operations wherein a crosslinking agent, such as a suitable peroxide, and a polyethylene composition, usually in granular form, are charged, in batches, to a mixing device such as a roll-mill or a Banbury mixer. The compounded composition is thereafter chopped into molding granules and placed into a suitable mold and concurrently shaped and crosslinked by heating the closed mold at an elevated temperature or extruded as a film, monofilament or wire-coating or injection-molded, and thereafter heat-cured. The resulting shaped, cured articles are of crosslinked polyethylene. For example, US. Pat. No. 2,938,012 mentioned hereinabove describes blending polyethylene on a tworoll mill with bis(3,4-dichloro-a ,a-dimethylbenzyl)- peroxide and thereafter compression molding the blended composition at 350F. thereby to obtain molded products having a high degree of crosslinking.
Significant drawbacks of the above described processes for preparing crosslinkable polyethylene resulting from use of batch-type milling operations include safety hazards associated with handling peroxy com- 2 pounds in open, batch-type equipment, high cost and inefficiency of batch operation, nonuniformity of products obtained, and susceptibility to inadvertent contamination.
Occasionally it has been suggested that the peroxy compound, either a liquid or a solid dissolved in a liquid carrier, be added continuously to a molten polyethylene resin by injection into the head of an extruder, just ahead of the die, and the resulting mixture then immediately extruded, before it can set up, for example, onto a wire to form an insulated coating. Kent, US. Pat. No. 2,528,523, is illustrative of this technique. Unfortunately, this process does not produce the kind of thorough, intimate mixing obtainable from a roll-mill or Banbury mixer. Subsequent cure by heating the coated wire thus inherently fails to give a uniform cure throughout the polyethylene composition, tending to produce localized gels (regions-of-very extensive crosslinking) in a matrix of only partially cured polyethylene. Wire-coatings or other extruded articles made in this fashion inherently possess nonuniform physical properties. Such nonuniformity leads to remature failures when the crosslinked resins are subjected to heat, solvents, electrical or mechanical stresses.
It has also been proposed to fabricate heat-shrinkable fibers, foamed resin sheets or filaments, and the like, in a continuous process by simple extrusion of granules of polyethylene coated with a peroxy compound by spraycoating the granules with a solution of a peroxy compound or tumbling the granules with a powdered solid peroxy compound. The coated granules are then passed through an extruder rapidly to a fabricating die and curing furnace. This method of operation provides no thorough mixing of resin and peroxy compound to assure a homogeneous blend. It suffers from the further disadvantage that the coated, dry peroxy compound tends to powder off and concentrate at the bottom of container or of feed-hoppers, leading to a dangerous concentration of peroxide which may cause explosions. Exemplary of this mode of producing crosslinked articles of polyethylene are Benning et al., US. Pat. Nos. 3,203,503, Medalia, 3,105,057 and Hill et al., 3,404,104.
Either of the above two approaches also suffers from a further practical disadvantage from the viewpoint of commercial operation in the plastics industry. This serious disadvantage is that either approach requires the fabricator of the final crosslinked polyethylene article to install special equipment to handle the sensitive peroxy compounds and to add them to the polyethylene during the fabrication process which produces the final article of crosslinked polyethylene.
A fabricator can operate much more safely and economically if he can purchase crosslinkable polyethylene resin granules of uniform properties and employ them in his extrusion operations to produce a final article of crosslinked polyethylene. Until the present invention, such molding granules of crosslinkable polyethylene have been made by batch processes, which suffer from the disadvantages described above.
Furthermore, it has been found heretofore that in operation of such continuous fabrication processes as described above in which polyethylene granules coated with a peroxy compound are passed through the entire length of an extruder, the combination of long hold-up time and high temperatures required to insure complete melting of the polyethylene composition and some degree of mixing of the melt with the peroxy compound in the extruder result in excessive crosslinking of the polyethylene composition in the extruder. Under such conditions, the polymer may become excessively viscous, requiring unacceptably high extruder power consumption; this premature crosslinking can even proceed to such an extent that the polyethylene composition may set up entirely inside the extruder, preventing extrusion, with consequent danger to equipment and personnel from the high internal pressures resulting. If, on the other hand, extrusion temperatures are maintained sufficiently low to prevent premature activation of the peroxy compound, the polymer will be incompletely melted and hence excessively viscous so that complete mixing is not obtained and power consumption is excessive.
Accordingly, it is the principal object of the present invention to provide an improved, continuous mixing process for preparing crosslinkable polyethylene composition which is conducted in a mixing zone incorporated in a screw extruder used to produce molding granules or flake by extrusion and cutting of the extrudate.
DESCRIPTION AND EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, there is provided a process for continuously preparing a crosslinkable polyethylene composition in the form of molding gran ules which comprises:
a. continuously feeding into the feed zone of a screwextruder a polyethylene composition;
b. compacting and melting the polyethylene compo sition by working it in the compression zone of the extruder;
c. continuously advancing the molten polyethylene through a metering zone to a mixing zone in the extruder at a rate such that the average hold-up time in the mixing zone is less than 12 minutes, preferably from 1 to minutes;
d. continuously injecting into the molten polyethylene, maintained at a temperature between 130C. and 160C. in said mixing zone, at a rate sufficient to produce from 0.1 to 5.0 percent by weight, based on the molten polyethylene composition in the mixing zone, of a peroxy compound having a flash point of at least 70C. and an equivalent halflife of more than 1 hour, said peroxy compound having been moderated prior to injection by dissolution or dispersion in an inert liquid carrier compatable with the polyethylene composition.
e. continuously extruding the mixed crosslinkable polyethylene composition; and
f. chopping the extrudate to produce molding granules of the crosslinkable polyethylene composition.
In particularly preferred embodiments of the invention the polyethylene composition contains an antioxidant such as 4,4'-thiobis(o-tertiary-butyl)meta-cresol or the polymerized form of the adduct of acetone with aniline, 1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline, the peroxy compound is 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tertiary-butylperoxy)hexyne-3, and the liquid carrier is mineral oil. Mineral oil, or any light oil or melted wax, is compatible with the polyethylene compositions and therefore does not have to be removed from the resultant molding granules of crosslinkable polyethylene composition.
The antioxidants, while not necessary for operation of the process of this invention, are used to stabilize the resultant molding granules and articles subsequently made from them against oxidative degradation. As suggested by Larsen, US. Pat. No. 3,335,124, and Eastman, US. Pat. No. 3,296,] 89, their presence may also retard premature crosslinking occurring either during compounding or during subsequent fabrication of articles made from the molding granules of crosslinkable polyethylene compositions produced by the process of this invention.
The term polyethylene composition used herein includes both high density and low density polyethylene and copolymers of ethylene with, for example, vinyl acetate, methacrylic acid, propylene, and ionic copolymers of ethylene such as described in US. Pat. No. 3,264,272, as well as blends of these materials with each other and compositions as described above containing additives such as pigments, fillers, stabilizers, antioxidants and lubricants, such as are known for use with polyethylene compositions.
Suitable blends include low density polyethylene/- high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate, high density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate, and low and high density polyethylene separately and in combination with any of the copolymers mentioned above, as well as blends with polypropylene. Typically, the polyethylene composition has a melt index from 0.1 to 50 (melt index is determined by the test described in ASTM-D- 1238-5, condition E), usually the melt index is in the range of 1 to 4. A typical resin is a blend of between 50 and percent of polyethylene having a density of 0.921 and a melt index of about 0.25, the remainder being of a density of 0.9 16 and a melt index of 12. The most preferred polyethylene composition is a low density polyethylene of 1.8 melt index and 0.918 density. While the homopolymers and copolymers and blends of two polymers have been above described, it should be clear that additional components can also be added so long as they are compatible and do not markedly affect the processing properties of a two-component system. In the case of copolymers, at least 50 percent by weight of the copolymer must be ethylene units. In the case of blends, low density or high density polyethylene or both must comprise at least 50 percent by weight of the polymeric components in the blend. For uniformity of expression these organic polymeric materials will be referred to herein on a collective basis simply as polyethylene compositions, and the invention will be described and exemplified hereinafter with specific reference to polyethylene.
The nature and advantages of the process of the present invention will be more clearly understood by the following description and the accompanying drawing which depicts in schematic fashion a screw-extrusion apparatus suitable for carrying out the process of the invention.
The process and apparatus herein disclosed in illustration of the invention is shown schematically in the accompanying FIGURE. Referring to the accompanying FIGURE, the polyethylene composition is fed from a hopper 10 into the feed zone 12 of a screw-extruder device 11. The polyethylene composition is continuously advanced through the extruder device by suitable means such as advancing screw 13. The continuously advancing polyethylene composition is advanced from feed zone 12 to compression Zone 14 wherein the polyethylene composition is melted by mechanical working and. optionally, also by application of heat thereto. The polyethylene composition melt is continuously advanced from compressionzone 14 to metering zone 15 which pumps the melt forwardat a uniform rate, controllableby the rateof rotation of the screw and the temperature and viscosity of the melt to mixing zone 16. In mixing zone 16 the polyethylene composition melt is mixed continuously with a suitable moderated peroxy compound which is continuously injected into the melt through one or more injection ports 17 which is in communication with mixing zone 16. The mixture of the polyethylene composition melt and peroxy compound in liquid carrier is continuously advanced from mixing zone 16 to discharge zone 18 at the nose of the extruder and discharged into a suitable die member 19 adapted to extrude the composition into any suitable form for producing molding granules. Usually a coarse monofilament form is preferred for chopping into granules, but ribbon or sheet extrudate can also be chopped to produce molding granules.
An essential feature of the present invention resides in the incorporation into the polyethylene composition of a peroxy compound moderated by dissolution or dispersion in a liquid carrier compatible with the polyethylene composition; suitable carriers include, but are not limited to light oil or melted wax. The requisite intimate mixing is accomplished by continously injecting the liquid moderated peroxy compound directly into the molten polyethylene composition in a mixing zone at the discharge end of the extruder. It is essential that between about 0.1 percent and about 5.0 percent, preferably between about 1.0 percent and 2.0 percent of the peroxy compound by weight, based on the weight of the polyethylene melt in the mixing zone, is added to the polyethylene melt.
Suitable peroxy compounds for injecting into the polyethylene melt include 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tertiarybutylperoxy)hexyne-3; 2,5-dimethyl-2,5di(tertiarybutylperoxy)-hexane; a,a-bis(t-butylperoxy)- diisopropyl benzene; l,3,5-tri-[2-(t-butyl-peroxy)isopropyl]-benzene. Suitable peroxy compounds comprise any peroxy compounds characterized by an equivalent half-life of more than 1 hour. By this is meant that the peroxy compound is one which is equivalent in terms of its half-life in the polymer melt to a peroxy compound having a half-life in benzene of more than 1 hour at the extrusion temperature contemplated. Useful peroxy compounds may not be soluble in benzene; however, they should have a half-life in the polymer melt at least as long as the half-life in the polymer melt of a peroxy compound which has a half-life of more than 1 hour in benzene. Half-life in benzene is discussed fully by Mageli, Bokata and Bolton in publication Reprint No. 30.30 of the Lucidol Division of the Wallace and Tiernan Company (Buffalo, N.Y.). Briefly, the half-life is determined at various temperatures on a peroxy compound having a concentration of 0.2 mol per liter of solution. Aliquots of 10 milliliters each are pipetted into 16 X 150 mm. test tubes drawn for rapid sealing. The filled tubes containing about 5 ml. of air space are flushed with dry nitrogen, sealed and heated in a silicone oil bath at a desired temperature for the desired time. Before testing for residual peroxide, the tubes are cooled rapdily in ice water. The test for free peroxide utilizes the standard iodometric techniques and involves titration of the liberated iodine with standard sodium thiosulfate solution. Alternatively, infrared differential analysis techniques can be used.
The peroxy compound utilized in the process of the invention is further characterized by a flash point of at least about C. The flash point of the peroxy compound is measured in accordance with ASTM-D-92-66. Peroxy compounds having flash points below about 70C. are not suitable because they are too volatile and thus tend to evaporate from the cross-linkable molding granules produced.
By moderated peroxy compound" is meant a peroxy compound that is dispersed or, more usually, dissolved in a liquid carrier compatible with the polyethylene composition. That is, the peroxy compound is not injected as a pure liquid or powdered solid directly into the polyethylene melt, but instead the peroxy compound is admixed with a liquid carrier and it is the latter liquid composition that is injected into the mixing zone of the extruder. Compatible liquid carriers include light oils or melted waxes. Light oil is a hydrocarbon fraction from kerosene to mineral oil, inclusive, having a viscosity of between about 150 centistokes and about 10 centistokes, as measured in accordance with ASTM-D-445-65. Thus, suitable light oils include mineral oil, mineral spirits and kerosene. The peroxy compound is preferably dissolved in a light oil having a boiling point of at least 200C, preferably 250C, and the resulting solution is injected into the polyethylene melt in the mixing zone of the extruder. The solution or dispersion of peroxy compound and liquid carrier is characterized by containing between about 35 percent and about percent by weight, based upon the total weight of the solution, of the peroxy compound. The wax may be any of a low melting, fatty, plastic, amorphous substance of animal, vegetable, mineral or synthetic origin and usually consisting of higher monohydric alcohol esters of fatty acids. Sunoco Paraffin Wax No. 3425 is a preferred wax of synthetic origin. An advantage in the use of the liquid carriers employed in the process of this invention is that they need not be stripped (i.e., removed) from the resulting molding granules. That is, the properties of the resulting molding granules of crosslinkable polyethylene are not adversely altered by the presence of the liquid carriers, and hence the liquid carrier need not be removed therefrom.
Another essential feature of the process of the present invention resides in injecting the peroxy compound into the molten polyethylene in a mixing zone at the nose end of the extruder and controlling the hold-up time therein so as to disperse the peroxy compound in the polyethylene melt uniformly and safely without substantial crosslinking, thus minimizing formation of gel particles of highly crosslinked polyethylene, which typically form during conventional extrusion, from part of the polymer which is retained in the extruder for substantial periods. This latter feature is provided for in the present invention by selection of extruder dimensions and operating conditions such that the mixing zone is just before the nose of the extruder and, under operating conditions, the molten polyethylene composition is held up in said mixing zone for an average hold-up time of less than 12 minutes, preferably between 1 and 10 minutes. In a typical process, an ex truder of either a single or twin screw construction capable of operating at high rates (2,000 to 10,000 lbs. per hour) is run while maintaining low melt temperature, for example C, by application of cooling or heating, as required. A typical mixer-extruder suitable 7 for use in this invention is described in Smith, US. Pat. No. 3,484,507.
The principle and practice of the present invention will now be illustrated by the following Examples which are only exemplary thereof. If is not intended that the invention be limited thereto since modifications in technique and operation in accord with the description above, will be apparent to anyone skilled in the art. All parts and percentages in the Examples are by weight unless otherwise specified.
The polyethylene compositions in the Examples were evaluated in accordance with the following procedures: TENSILE PROPERTIES The tensile properties of crosslinked polyethylene sheets, prepared by compression molding as 6 X 7 inch plaques in a press using a l25-mil chase and 20,000 pounds force at a temperature of 120C. for minutes from the crosslinkable polyethylene produced by the process of this invention and subsequently cured by heating for minutes at 200C under 20,000 pounds force in a press, were measured in accordance with ASTM-D-l708-66 at a strain rate of inches/minute. Aged tensile tests were obtained from samples aged, after curing, for a period of 6 days at 180C., one side only being exposed to the atmosphere. CROSSLINKING The degree of crosslinking of the polymer samples was determined both by a swell test and an extraction test as set forth is ASTM D-2765-68- C using xylene. Alternatively the extraction test can by done by the technique conducted as follows:
A round bottom flask with a ground glass joint connected to a reflux condenser is used. For a single determination a 500 ml. flask is used. For more than two simultaneous determinations a 2,000 m1. flask is used. A source of heat sufficient to boil the xylene is supplied.
The sample is prepared for testing by wrapping the sample in a pouch of 100 mesh wire cloth prepared by folding a 1 A X 3 inch piece of cloth into a l /2 X 1 /2 inch square and taking a A-inch fold on each of the open edges to form a pouch. The edges are then stapled (one side is open). The sample in the pouch is previously ground to mesh sieve size and the fines which pass 60 mesh are rejected and not included in the sample. That which is retained on 60 mesh is put in the pouch and the pouch and sample are weighed.
The pouch is then sealed on the fourth side and the sample in the pouch is immersed completely in xylene and suspended in the solution near the bottom of the round bottom flask. About 1 percent of antioxidant is dissolved in the xylene to prevent further crosslinking of polyethylene. The xylene is boiled vigorously to assure good agitation. Typical boiling rates yield 20 to 40 drops/min. from the condenser. The sample is extracted 12 hours.
The sample and pouch are withdrawn from the boiling xylene and immediately placed in a vacuum oven preheated to 150C. The sample is dried under at least 28 inches of vacuum for 16 hours. The sample is then cooled and weighed.
The percent solvent extraction is calculated as follows:
percent W W /(1-F) (ll W X where W weight of sample in stapled pouch before extraction,
W weight of sample in stapled pouch after extraction and drying,
F= fraction of xylene insoluble filler in polyethylene,
W weight of sample and pouch with one side open before extraction, and
W weight of 100 mesh pouch sealed on three sides.
EXAMPLES 1-6 Crosslinkable polyethylene compositions as identified in Table I below were prepared and extruded on an Egan Extruder No. 22160-2 under the conditions also set forth in Table I. In each instance, 2,5-dimethyI-2,5- di(tertiarybutylperoxy)hexyne-3 was injected into the mixing zone of the extruder in amounts as set forth in Table I. In each instance a crosslinkable polyethylene composition was obtained which was suitable for subsequent fabrication and crosslinking.
The resultant extrudate was chopped into molding granules. Portions of these were compression molded using mil thick shims to produce plaques 6 X 7 inches in size and about /s inch thick and cured in the press by holding at a temperature of about 200C. for 15 minutes. Microtensile bars were die-cut from these and tested at a strain rate of 20 inches per minute following ASTM-D- 1 708-66. The results of these tests are shown in Table 11 below. The degree of crosslinking was determined, as described hereinabove, following ASTM D-2765-68-Method C using boiling xylene. Another indication of the crosslinking was obtained by the swell test defined in ASTM D-2765-68, Method C. In this test a weighed portion of the plaque was immersed in hot xylene at 110C. for 24 hours, removed, blown dry and reweighed to determine the weight of xylene swollen polymer. This test is reported as the value of the ratio of the gel volume in swollen polymer divided by original volume of gel in the unswollen state. Thus the smaller the value, the less xylene has been absorbed and hence the greater the crosslinking. This crosslinking is permanent and does not change significantly on aging for 6 days at 180C. in an air oven with one surface exposed to the atmosphere, as shown by the data in Table 11 below for percent extractables which, in every case, decreases slightly on aging, indicating a 55 small increase in degree of crosslinking after 6 days at TABLE I EXAMPLE NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Base Resin Typc Alathon 15" Blend A Blend A"-" Alathon 15 Blend A Blend A Base Resin Mclt Index 4.0 1.25 1.25 4.0 1.25 1.25 Extrusion Rate pounds/hour 150 150 150 150 150 150 M01! Temperature C. 130C. 130C. 130C. 130C. 130C.
Lupersol Lupersol Lupcrsol Lupcrsol Lupcrsol Lupersol Peroxide Solution 130"" 130" 130" 130 130"" 130" Solution Mineral Mineral Mineral Mineral Mineral Mineral Oil 45% Oil 459 Oil 45% Oil 455' Oil 45 Oil 45% TABLE I-continued EXAMPLE N0. 1 2 3 4 i 5 1 Injection Rate of Peroxide solution I (lbs/hr/(cc/min) 5.95/(50) 3.57/(31) 5.95/(50) 8.34/(70) 5.0/(42) 8.34/(70) Amt. by weight based on total weight of polyethylene Peroxide" 2.5% |.57 2.5% 2.5% 1.5% 2.5%
Mineral Oil"'" 3.]7: 1.8% 3.1% 3.1% 1.8% 3.1%
MT carbon black 28.671 28.6% 28.6% None None None "Age Rite Resin D"" 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.571 0.5% 0.5%
""Alathon" is the Du Punt trademark for branched polyethylene resin oi melt index 4 and density ot().9l7. *Blend A is a blend ttffiW/z by weight branched polyethylene utUJS melt index and 0.92] density and by weight branched polyethylene of 12 melt index and ()Hlfi density. "Carhon-frce basis.
*Age Rite Resin D" is \nnderhilts trademark for polymerized l.2-dihydro-2.2.4-trimethyl quinnline. ""Lu ersol i3!) is Pennwalt's trademark for.2.5-dimeth\l-2.5-di(tertiarvbutrl eroxylhexrne-3.
TABLE II PHYSICAL PROPERTlES OF CROSSLINKED POLYETHYLENE PREPARED FROM CROSS- LlNKABLE POLYETHYLENE MADE VlA CONTINUOUS EXTRUDER PEROXIDE lNJECTlON EXAMPLE NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Xylene Extraction:
Orig. Swell 6.2 5.2 4.0 5.0 9.7 5.3
Orig. v1 Extr. 14.3 9.5 9.1 8.4 1 1.4 8.9
Aged Swell 5.2 5.3 4.1 4.2 6.2 4.3
Aged 71 Em. 10.2 9.3 6.6 (1.2 10.8 6.7 Room Temperature Tcnsiles:
Orig. Yield. psi H46 1352 1079 850 I260 950 Orig. Break. psi 402 2768 2879 1320 2520 1480 Orig. "/1 Elong. 284 334 276 300 540 260 Aged Yield. psi H60 1354 1215 970 1350 980 Aged Break. psi I556 2457 2145 2000 2680 l480 Aged Elong. 135 205 I82 380 640 180 EXAMPLES 7 AND 8 TABLE Ill-continued Melt-cut /a-1nch pellets of a polyethylene composi- LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION OF CROSSLINKABLE POLYETHYLENE tion compnsmg low density, branched polyethylene having a density of 0.920 and Melt Index of 1.8 and an Example 7 3 antioxidant as indicated on Table III below are fed conlbs/hr. 2000 2036 Melt Temperature in tmuousy to 1tlhe feed hppper ofl a 15 inch, 203 hohr se Mixing Zone M0,; 146C. power arre Birmmg am sing e-screw extru er avpcmide mm, mg a terminal mixing zone. Concurrently, a peroxide gw. b sh d 57 60 st 7! mount y Mag 1 use solution compnslng 50 percent by weight Lupersol on owl weight of 130 peroxlde, Pennwalt s trademark for 2,5-d1emthylpolyethylene 2,5-di(tertiarybutylperoxy)hexyne-3, dissolved in 50 73393;,2', Lupem' I 4% l Sontex 3725, a mineral oil having Sp. Gr. 0.88 -0.89 Mineral OI. 1 at 60F, 21 flash point of 425F., and a mommy at cithelifltigflllvesbywelght O V F. of 36038( SSU as measured by ASTM-D-446, 3 2, i 1? g m was in ected continuously into the mixing zone of the gsa ton y 0.2
oo ing ater Temperature 1 l-l 7C. 34 C. extruder by means of a triplex gear pump. The heat 55 Crosslinkublc Composition: generated by working the polyethylene was greater M91: flowat C.
1 (I 1 3.1 2.2 than needed to completely melt the polymer. In order r/(igemxidc 1.4% 1.4% to control the temperature of polymer in the mixing one and extrusion die the e t -uder barrel was exter ""Lupersol" is Pennwalt's trademark for 2.5-dimcth \'l-2.5-di(tertiarybutyl- I d ,1] h b peroxylhexyne-S. ndlly Coo e on sectlons except t e nose y water 0 Age Rite Resin D"is Vanderhiltstradcmark for polymerized LZ-dihydro-LZA- The extrudate, 1n the form of coarse monofilaments, txrimcthrlquinolinc- 1 "Santonox" is Monsanto'strademark for 4.4'-thiobis(fi-tertiarybutyl)m-cresul. was melt-cut Into A Inch pellets Feed and ln-lectlqn "Melt flow was determined by a modification of the melt index procedure derates. tem eratures, and results are shown below In scribed in ASTM-D-IZBR-fiS-T in which the temperature was 115C. and 1.11111 :tp-
p 1' a 111 L Table 111. Pm 1 TABLE III 65 Example No.
Base Resin Feed Rate.
The molding granules of crosslinkable polyethylene composition produced by the process of this invention are useful for subsequent fabrication by standard methods into articles of commerce such as wire-coatings. cable insulation, films, and pipe. After fabrication, the
fabricated articles can be crosslinked by subjecting them to a heating cycle at temperatures of 160C. and above, usually 180-200C., for a time sufficient to activate the incorporated peroxy compound and thus complete the crosslinking of the composition. Use of temperatures above 160C. for this purpose produces rapid crosslinking. Thus fabrication can readily be accomplished by simple extrusion at die temperatures in the range of ll 50C. Preferably the extrusion should be conducted with minimum hold-up time of the melt in the fabrication apparatus to minimize excessive premature crosslinking.
What is claimed is:
1. In a continuous process for producing a crosslinkable polyethylene composition in the form of molding granules in which a polyethylene composition is continuously fed into the feed zone of a screw extruder, therein compacted, melted and passed through a metering zone to a discharge die, and in which a solution of a peroxy compound is injected into the molten polyethylene composition inside the extruder prior to extrusion of the molten polyethylene composition through the die, and in which the extrudate is cut into molding granules, the improvement which comprises:
a. selecting as the peroxy compound one which has a flash point of at least 70C. and an equivalent halflife of more than 1 hour;
b. moderating the peroxy compound prior to injection by forming a moderated peroxy composition by dissolution or dispersion of the peroxy compound in an inert liquid carrier which is compatible 12 with the polyethylene composition, said liquid carrier being selected from the group consisting of light oil and melted wax;
c. continuously injecting the moderated peroxy composition through injection ports into a mixing zone near the discharge end of the extruder at a rate sufficient to produce a concentration of from 0.1 to 5.0 percent by weight of said peroxy compound in the molten polyethylene composition in said mixing zone;
maintaining the temperature in said mixing zone at between and C; and
e. operating the extruder screw at a rate such that the metering zone presses the molten polyethylene composition through the mixing zone and extrusion die at a rate such that the average hold-up time in the mixing zone is less than 12 minutes.
2. A process according to claim 1 in which the polyethylene composition fed is branched polyethylene containing an antioxidant selected from the group consisting of polymerized l,Z-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline and 4,4-thiobis(6-tertiarybutyl)m-cresol, the peroxy compound injected into the mixing zone is 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tertarybutylperoxy)-hexyne-3, and the liquid carrier is mineral oil.
3. A process according to claim 1 in which the polyethylene composition fed to the extruder is branched polyethylene containing an antioxidant and the peroxy compound employed in the moderated peroxy composition contains at least two peroxy groups.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 12, 1948
|Nov 7, 1950
|Du Pont
|Process for extruding and insolubilizing polymers of ethylene
|Apr 10, 1961
|Feb 25, 1964
|Us Rubber Co
|Mixer-extruder method and apparatus
|Dec 28, 1964
|Dec 16, 1969
|Dow Chemical Co
|Process of blending thermoplastic polymers with bitumens
|May 26, 1966
|Dec 8, 1970
|Huels Chemische Werke Ag
|Concurrent extrusion and cross-linking of polymers
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 28, 1976
|May 23, 1978
|Kores Holding Zug Ag.
|Hot-melt adhesive compound and method for the production of the same
|Nov 16, 1976
|Dec 25, 1979
|Dominic Alia
|Processible and vulcanizable polar polymers
|Apr 4, 1977
|Jan 8, 1980
|The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy
|Crosslinked crystalline polymer and methods for cooling and heating
|Oct 22, 1976
|Apr 8, 1980
|Alia Dominic A
|Preparation of vulcanizable compositions by extruder mixing
|Dec 7, 1978
|Oct 7, 1980
|Asea Aktiebolag
|Method of applying a strippable outer semiconductive layer on an insulated cable conductor
|Jun 21, 1979
|Jan 6, 1981
|Societe Anonyme De Telecommunications
|Volatile liquid supply equipment and processes and apparatus for introducing volatile cross-linking agents into polyolefin compounds and for the extrusion of cross-linking polyolefin compounds
|May 31, 1979
|Feb 10, 1981
|Phillips Cables Limited
|Material and apparatus for extruding a crosslinked polyolefin product
|Dec 18, 1978
|Mar 3, 1981
|General Electric Company
|Method of preparing electrostatic coating compositions containing an epoxy resin
|Nov 16, 1979
|Aug 25, 1981
|Societe Industrielle De Liaisons Electriques Silec
|Apparatus for extruding a cross-linked material
|Dec 4, 1980
|Aug 3, 1982
|Akzona Incorporated
|Process for preparing peroxide master batches
|Mar 7, 1983
|May 29, 1984
|Kimberly-Clark Corporation
|Method of improving processability of polymers and resulting polymer compositions
|May 3, 1983
|Dec 4, 1984
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho
|Method for producing reinforced thermoplastic resin composition
|May 18, 1983
|May 7, 1985
|Union Carbide Corporation
|Modification of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer
|Apr 11, 1983
|Jul 9, 1985
|Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.
|Process for producing a blow molding resin
|Aug 11, 1986
|Nov 15, 1988
|Allied-Signal Inc.
|Preparation of solution of high molecular weight polymers
|Jan 15, 1988
|Oct 31, 1989
|Du Pont Canada Inc.
|Polyolefin concentrate
|Nov 22, 1989
|Jul 9, 1991
|Kelley Joseph M
|High impact thermoplastic polymer compositions
|Apr 27, 1990
|Apr 21, 1992
|Nippon Oil Co., Ltd.
|Method for continuous preparation of polyethylene material having high strength and high modulus of elasticity
|Jan 2, 1992
|Aug 24, 1993
|Elf Atochem North America Inc.
|Peroxide masterbatches using polycaprolactone as the carrier
|Apr 19, 1995
|Jun 25, 1996
|Mobil Oil Corporation
|Introduction of long chain branching into linear polyethylenes
|Feb 22, 1995
|Dec 31, 1996
|Mobil Oil Corporation
|Swell reduction of chromium catalyzed HDPE resins by controlled degradation using high temperature peroxides
|Mar 29, 1996
|Oct 14, 1997
|Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation
|Process for producing an in situ polyethylene blend
|May 5, 1995
|Apr 7, 1998
|Poloso; Anthony
|High density polyethylene with improved thermoforming characteristics
|Mar 7, 1996
|Apr 21, 1998
|Tonen Chemical Corporation
|Method of manufacturing polyolefin solutions
|May 30, 1996
|May 26, 1998
|United States Brass Corporation
|Method of producing reformed crosslinked polyethylene articles
|Dec 27, 1994
|May 26, 1998
|Mobil Oil Corporation
|LLDPE films with improved impact strength
|Dec 24, 1996
|Jul 7, 1998
|United States Brass Corporation
|Scrap-based method of molding plastic articles
|Mar 26, 1996
|Mar 9, 1999
|United States Brass Corporation
|Automated tube reforming apparatus
|Jun 18, 1999
|Sep 4, 2001
|United States Brass Corporation
|Methods of producing crosslinked polyethylene products
|Dec 23, 1999
|Mar 26, 2002
|United States Brass Corporation
|Reformed crosslinked polyethylene articles
|Dec 20, 2004
|Jul 14, 2005
|The Coca-Cola Company
|Condensation compression molding process and apparatus for production of container preforms
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
Blue Suede Biker Jacket
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A definitive, lean-fitting biker jacket crafted from soft suede retains classic moto styling designed for the modern man. Features include a classic off-center zip placket to keep the chest protected from wind, snap-detailed lapels and collar, and zip pockets to secure your personal possessions when out for a ride.
- 23 1/2" length (size Medium).
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about three years ago
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MSU Homecoming Parade
EAST LANSING, Mich. – The MSU Homecoming parade will be held in downtown East Lansing on Friday, Oct. 21 at 6 p.m. The parade will feature women's basketball coach Suzy Merchant as grand marshal and highlight the theme "Glow Green, Go White."
The parade will begin at the intersection of Abbot and Burcham at the East Lansing Hannah Community Center and travel south on Abbot; east on Grand River; south on Farm Lane via the Collingwood Entrance; and end at the intersection of Farm and Shaw.
These East Lansing streets and their intersections will be closed Friday, Oct. 21:
These streets near the East Lansing Hannah Community Center will also be closed:
Important! The East Lansing Hannah Community Center will close at 12 p.m. on Oct. 21. The parking lot will be used for parade staging.
Other street closures and alternate routes
All roads southbound off Albert between Durand and Abbot will be closed. Certain roads leading to Abbot (Library, Centerlawn and Northlawn) will be closed as well. Eastbound and westbound traffic should take Saginaw. Northbound and southbound traffic should take either Harrison or Hagadorn.
For more information about Homecoming, visit homecoming.msu.edu. Go Green!
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text:
"The word of the LORD that came to Joel the son of Pethuel."
King James Version (KJV)
1The word of the LORD that came to Joel the son of Pethuel. 2Hear this, ye old men, and give ear, all ye inhabitants of the land. Hath this been in your days, or even in the days of your fathers? 3Tell ye your children of it, and [let] your children [tell] their children, and their children another generation.
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Bible Verses like Joel 1:1
1:1 Came to Joel - Probably in the latter end of Jeroboam the second's reign over Israel and in the days of Uzziah, over Judah.