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HN-KIC4018 Kichler
Kichler Point Judith 49224 Outdoor Ceiling - 12 in.Item # HN-KIC4018
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- Contemporary style blends in anywhere
- Made of sturdy aluminum in a variety of finishes
- Bell-shaped clear etched glass shade
- Accommodates (1) 100W medium base bulb (not included)
- Overall dimensions: 12W x 9.21H inches
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About This Brand
Guarantee & Returns
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Kichler Point Judith 49224 Outdoor Ceiling - 12 in.
Unique style and grace is what best defines the Kichler Point Judith 49224 Outdoor Ceiling - 12 in. Sporting a utility style, it has been designed such that it'll complement almost all types of home decor styles. A stainless steel frame with an etched diffuser makes it both durable and attractive. Perfect for illuminating your outdoor area, it can be fixed in the veranda, porch or entryway of your home. It has the ability to light one 100-watt bulb.Kichler QualitySince 1938, Cleveland-


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War Crimes Excused... Are We Asking the Right Questions?
16 people in the U.S. military will not be prosecuted for repeated bombings of the Médecins Sans Frontières(Doctors Without Borders) hospital in Kunduz, Afghanistan, last October 3. After a six-month investigation, the Pentagon says the 16 will face administrative sanctions because they "failed to comply with the law of armed conflict and rules of engagement."
Some People Want to Talk about the Democrats, War & Torture
Larry Wilmore, who hosted the White House Correspondent's dinner last weekend, didn't go soft on Obama for not closing Guantanamo. Other than Trump and Cruz, he's almost the only one to remind people the prison is still open, as it's not a subject for discussion among Democrats.
The War Parties Convene July 2016
The War Parties Convene July 2016
These unjust, immoral, illegitimate wars need to be opposed, especially when the eyes of the world are concentrated on these conventions.
If you want to be involved in protests at the Republican Convention in Cleveland July 15-18, or the Democrats' Convention in Philadelphia July 25-28, contact us.
A Vote for the Democrats Would Be a Vote for War Crimes
The New York Times ran a feature, "How Hillary Became a Hawk," in its magazine May 1, 5 years after Obama & Clinton cheered on the killing of Osama bin Laden and his family members. "Throughout her career she has displayed instincts on foreign policy that are more aggressive than those of President Obama — and most Democrats," they say.
What does that tell us about what's coming?
Revcom.us fills out examples that the Times article does not.
Hidden Costs of US Air War
USA Today reported on April 19 that U.S. air forces bombing Syria and Iraq have been operating under new, looser rules of engagement since last fall. The war commander, Lt Gen Sean McFarland, now orders air strikes that are expected to kill up to 10 civilians without prior approval from U.S. Central Command, and U.S. officials made it clear to USA Today that U.S. air strikes are killing more civilians as a result of the new rules.
Drone Operators Now to be Considered Combatants
Brian Terrell of Voices for Creative Non Violence writes, "Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. Mark A. Welsh III authorized RPA aircrews to log combat time when flying an aircraft within designated hostile airspace, regardless of the aircrew's physical location."
New Releases of John Yoo's Promotion of Torture, Surveillance
The Justice Department recently released another of the now-notorious Office of Legal Counsel memos written by John Yoo -- memos that authorized torture, warrantless wiretapping, and indefinite detention," reports Patrick Toomey for justsecurity.org. "The new memo, written as a 'letter' to then-presiding FISC Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly in May 2002, addresses the legal basis for the NSA's warrantless wiretapping of Americans' communications under the 'Stellar Wind' program.
Tariq Ba Odah, hunger striker, released from Guantanamo
The best known of the prisoners is Tariq Ba Odah, on hunger strike since 2007. Even when he went to federal court last year with a demand to be released, the Obama administration fought it. Andy Worthington reports:
After more than eight years on a permanent hunger strike, he weighed just 74 pounds, and, according to medical experts and his lawyers, was at risk of death. Disgracefully, the Justice Department challenged his habeas petition, and, at the end of the year, Reuters revealed that the Pentagon had prevented representatives from an undisclosed foreign country that was prepared to offer him a new home from having access to his medical records, so that the country in question dropped its resettlement offer.
Drone victims speak out, ahead of Obama's civilian deaths estimate
Reprieve | April 21, 2016
A video project launched today by the Guardian and Reprieve details the civilian impact of the US covert drone programme, through the voices of those who have lost family members to the strikes.
In the video interviews, six clients of the human rights organization Reprieve – all of whom lost innocent family members to covert US drone strikes in Pakistan and Yemen – talk about the aftermath of those strikes, and the difficulties of 'life after drones' without accountability for the killings.
"Inside Drone Warfare" – The Las Vegas Symposium Tapes
Thanks to the financial contributions by many of you who are reading this, the "Inside Drone Warfare" symposium was held at the University of Nevada/Las Vegas School of Law on March 30, 2016 - in the shadow of Creech AFB, the largest drone control and training center in the U.S.
It's Not Too Late...
Thank you to all those who have signed up to sustain or have spread the Change We Need in 2016 campaign! We are so close to our goal but not there yet. Because it really matters whether or not there is resistance in the streets to the crimes of this government, we are extending our drive through the end of day Friday.

subset: commoncrawl


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February 5, 2013
BI konsulent
About us…
This group focus on Microsoft System Center 2012 technology and all other integrations to System Center 2012. This will be a meeting point for all members that will share their interests in System Center 2012. The meetings will include speaker sessions, hands on labs and workshops. Our goal is to get the information out there and share experience with other members. Welcome!
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Continuing the legacy as one of the most recognized names in security, Interlogix affirms a long-standing commitment to market-leading brands. As a convenient one-source provider for our customers, our goal is to provide reliable and intuitive products that meet existing and future security needs. This means you can source your entire system from one provider rather than from different providers across the market. This delivers a hassle free installation and in the unlikely event of any problems occurring easier troubleshooting by the Interlogix support team.
With offices all over the world including the USA, Latin America, Australia and Canada there is always Interlogix office near you. This means that you expect only the best support and aftersales service.
For warranty information click here: http://www.interlogix.com/resources/customer-support/Return_and_Warranty_Policy.pdf
Contact Us
Tel: (888) 286-8889 opt. 2
Support: email@example.com
With over 51 years in the business, IRIS has been serving financial institutions high quality and reliable surveillance and security solutions that are no match for the crime world. In 1963, the Dozier Bank Vault Company, IRIS' parent company, started as a safe and vault repair business for North Texas financial institutions. Between 1968 to 1970 they expanded their business to include bank alarm systems and established themselves as a leading security solutions provider for financial institutions in Texas.
Changing their name to The Security Center, this company in 1994 developed the first Digital Video Recorder called IRIS and received the first US patent on it. This same year they started distributing IRIS products across the nation via a large dealer network. Between 2003 – 2005 they received many endorsements, introduced a smaller DVR called TotalVision-4 for ATM installations, as well as introduced Total Vision-TS the first touch screen wall mounted DVR which revolutionized the security recording industry.
2008-2013 saw many firsts and innovating ideas which included an expansion of the TotalVision-TS to a 32 channel device, the first IP DVR with no moving parts or mechanical drives, the availability of hybrid options for their DVS and TotalVision DVR, as well as introducing a new IP camera with DVR functions. In 2014 IRIS expanded their camera line to offer 800TVL resolution and 130dB WDR. Today IRIS is continuing to excel in the security industry to push the limits of your everyday recording and surveillance needs.
For warranty information click here: http://iris-dvs.com/legal.html
Toll Free: 1-888-451-4646
Tel: 1-214-349-0480
- Converter, 24VAC-12VDC - 500mA
See any errors on this page? Let us know.


text: The North Putnam eighth grade boys team defeated South Putnam for the Putnam County title Wednesday. Members of the Cougars team include Beau Green, Garrett Plessinger, Shane Beaman, Bennett Hanzelgrove, Tyler Land, Grant Bryan, Kaleb Belcher, Coy Flynn, Conner Spencer, Dakoda Abney, Jordan Nauert, J. Pope and managers Justin Munns and Mason Asher. The team is coached by Rob Thompson and assistant coach Dave Nauert. Cheerleaders for North Putnam are Krista Lawhorn, Darion Polly, Lauren Sexton, Jennifer Upleger, Andi Foltz, Haley Thompson, Shelby Tiffany, Brayten Grimes, Audri Hess, Aubree Huber, Savannah Rambis, Elle Blanford, Morgan Sanford and Ashton Lucas.


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Llangollen Fringe Festival 14th - 24th July 2016
The new year is here and we're already limbering up for another festival for 2016! The dates are set but still an awful lot more to do...
Thanks to all who supported us during 2015 by attending events or volunteering time to help make it a great success.
Latest News: Gwenno, Vangoffey and Jah Wobble to play Llangollen Fringe 2016. More info here...
We'll be making more announcements on acts very soon so check back here for the latest updates or follow us on one of those computer mediated social sharing outlets, like Facebook. Or Twitter.
RIP Dave Lee
The Llangollen Fringe is mourning the loss of Dave Lee who has recently passed away.
As one of it's founding fathers Dave was a vital part of the Fringe's birth and his legacy continues in it's success today.
About Llangollen Fringe Festival
As well as attracting visitors from all over the UK, the Fringe continues to grow its local following and is achieving its aim to become 'the festival for the town in the town' – thanks to everyone in our audience.
The Fringe is a not-for-profit organisation run entirely by volunteers and only receives limited public funding, so a big thank-you to all who help in whatever way.


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|5 Reviews
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|4 - 7 nights
When you book through the HomeAway checkout, your booking is backed by our Book with Confidence Guarantee
Hurry! Book Today ONLY - for HUGE 30% OFF Last Minute Deal (before Memorial Weekend) on this already well priced fantastic Oceanfront 2 BR 2 BA cozy beach cottage.
NOTE: For an accurate quote and "Real Time" availability, Click on Contact Owner. Book online at VacationQuest.com or call manager.
Great ocean views from the Large Living Room / Master Bedroom, the Kitchen and you can even see the ocean from the Dining Room.
This Very Fun Oceanfront Beach Cottage that is LOADED with all the extras: ALL the Upgraded TV Channels, 3 Large Screen TV's, Fantastic Beach views, Jacuzzi Tub in Master, this one has everything you want for a vacation. All of this AND an Artist' 1st Class Touch!
This home is PERFECT for a Long weekend romantic getaway, a honeymoon, two couples or even small family for beach vacation of a lifetime!
So, why name this cottage ArtSea? As soon as you walk in the door, you will know artist have lived here! So much detail, you simply must see it for yourself! Not only is it very artsy or, should I have said 'ArtSea'. From the furnishings and the decor to the best you can have cable service with every movie and sports channels available to go with the nice flat screen TV's in both bedrooms and of course the Living Room.
Speaking of the Living Room, checkout the sofa, the beautiful heart of pine wood floors, several French doors, huge flat screen TV with DVR. Speaking of DVR, email or call ahead and we will record your favorite shows, so you don't miss anything while you are traveling.
You MUST check out the Owner's Bathroom! First there is the LARGE Jacuzzi with JETS, with room for two, of course AND a HUGE shower that features real, River Rock flooring, lots of glass block, tile floors and so much more.
The owner's retreat is refurbished with a new King Sized Bed, high count sheets and great views. As soon as your eyes open in the morning; there it is, the beautiful Atlantic Ocean.
The Kitchen is special as well, with the tile counter tops and back splash, tile floors, beach views and even built-in spice racks and other amenities. You arrive a cook and depart a chef.
Not 'just' WIFI, but Comcast's new modem with build-in router with the super-fast internet speed!
The location is perfect! Drive about 10 minutes south and you can visit the 'Oldest City in the United States' and the famous, Castillo de San Marcos, the locals just call it, 'The Old Fort'. You will find lots of fantastic restaurants in St. Augustine. Oh, by the way, there are 3 restaurants within 5 minutes of the beach house.
If you drive about 15 minutes north, you can visit Ponte Vedra, here are fantastic restaurants, including the famous upscale, Ruth's Chris Steak House and others.
ALL of Vacation Quest's Properties have washers / dryers and All linens are supplied… just bring a tooth brush and toiletries and a change of clothes. You get a nice starter package of toilet paper, paper towels, laundry, hand, body, dish soap, and dishwasher tabs, garbage bags and other supplies.
The best part is what you get to take with you and that is a lifetime of great family memories! When the kids are grown and have children of their own and tell the great stories of the time they stayed at the ArtSea Beach Cottage! Isn't that what life should be all about?
NOTE: Minimum Stay Requirements
Fall and Winter: 4
Spring and Summer: 5
IF less than the minimum nights are available, call and ask about the exception to the 4/5 night rule! If dates falls between 2 other reservations and 5 nights (4 in fall and winter)
NOTICE: For stays of 28 Nights or more qualifies for our Monthly Rate. The monthly rate is already discounted. The Last Minute Deal is for stays of 27 Nights or less.
I am the property manager, the owner is a wonderful and talented person, her and her husband made this the very special home that it is today. As for me, I am a native of the Jacksonville Beaches / Ponte Vedra Beach with family dating back to the 1600's in Northeast Florida. In my teenage years I was a lifeguard and a member of the American Red Cross Volunteer Life Saving Corp, celebrating the 100th Anniversary in 2012. My parents owned a Hotel in Jacksonville Beach also in my teen years, I got to live on the ocean then and a few years later at the life guard station. I LOVED, and still do the beach AND the hospitality business! After 18 years as an executive in the seafood business (the ocean again), I became a Realtor, owned and managed a RE/MAX Office, then an opportunity to get back to my first love, the hospitality business this time as a manager of vacation rental homes. It is so much more fun than the traditional real estate business.
VacationQuest.com Beach Homes purchased this house in 1996
This home has everything that you need for a fun vacation, ALL bedrooms and the living room have LARGE Flat Screen TV's with Premium Comcast Cable and HIGH Speed Internet, with Comcast's Super-fast new model with built in WIFI If you must have a bedroom with Great ocean views and a huge bath, this one IS FOR YOU. The entire common living areas have great ocean views and a fantastic deck with lots of space both in and out of the sun.
This home has so many artistic details that are too many to notice at first. You will continue to discover new details as your stay continues. Of course the amazing views, the ocean and beach is like a new painting that constantly changes. Just have a seat in the living room or the deck, and just take it all in at a price that is kind your the wallet. The perfect getaway with friends or a private romantic retreat. It is all here at ArtSea Oceanfront Beach Cottage.
Why the name? As soon as you walk in the door, you WILL understand. As soon as we saw it; right then, at that moment everyone knew this would be the 'The ArtSea Beach Cottage'
We had an excellent time at this property. The staff was great and very accommodating throughout our stay. I was very impressed with the location we were directly on the beach it was beautiful my children and family enjoy this vacation rental very much. It was such a treat to wake up to the beach every morning I can't wait to book my next stay.
This is a great beach house with an amazing view of the water. It's bright, full of color with a ton of personality. Very convenient to grocery store and wonderful little pizza restaurant just up the street. St. Augustine is only 15 minutes away which was great for spending a day off the beach. Beach access is one house over and very easy to get back and forth. The house has everything you would need for a stay and the owner has lots of extras: laundry baskets, beach umbrella & chairs, beach towels, skim boards and beach toys. You don't need to pack anything extra! We had a great time and look forward to coming back again. Thanks for sharing your home.
House is cute with beachy decor. Views are wonderful! However, there are a few drawbacks. 1. Kitchen table only seats two people. 2.Walkway from kitchen to garage has no rail and could easily pose a safety issue. 3. The grass was not mowed (potentially hiding critters) and landscaping is bare.
4. Rusty ac unit and rusty beach furniture left on premises
5. Tv's in bedrooms not hooked up and/or no remotes
6. Smelly carpet in master bedroom
7. Listing on VRBO needs to reveal no direct access to beach. I only found out by accident when we found the house on Google earth.By then , I had already paid
As soon as I saw the view from the porch I knew that I would never want to leave. We just got back from our weekend at the ArtSea & loved it! Furnishings were beautifully done but nothing compared to the view from the back porch! The ocean in all it's glory, the sound of the waves crashing on the shore outside of our bedroom, who could ask for more? I wish I that I could give the place 5 stars but there were some things that were lacking.
There was a Jacuzzi tub but it didn't work & had been really looking forward to it. The stopper for the drain didn't work either. There were no outside lights for the back so it was difficult to walk the dog when not being able to see. The kitchen lacked some essentials such as plastic wrap, food storage bags & foil. Don't worry there is still plenty of positives to make this the place to go to.
My favorite part was the window seat, of course, it would have been perfect if it had been on the other side facing the ocean but, oh well, can't have everything. I loved that when we got there neither of us turned on the TV for hours; that is very unusual for us. But we had the greatest view in the world. The decorating of the house is just gorgeous, beachy colors and beach-themed touches added to the feeling of being at the beach greatly. Kitchen was very well-appointed with just about everything you could think of! I loved that there were 2 types of coffee makers, a regular one and a Keurig. I was just going to use the regular one but decided to be daring & try the Keurig. I didn't like that someone had left a Kpac in the machine but, oh well!
The bed was so comfortable & the linens and were top-notch. The towels as my husband stated, actually dried you off. The shower off of the master bedroom was fantastic, done with riverstone and so huge that both my husband & I were able to shower at the same time after coming in off of the beach. Speaking of the beach, it was right there! All we had to do was walk next door & they were the steps. There is an outdoor shower but there & the shower. There were 4 knobs in the shower & we couldn't figure which ones belonged to which shower head! As we were getting ready to leave I found a list of directives for the place but they were too late to do me any good. The property was clean, somewhat but I did find a bottle cap that someone had left sitting around. There could be better chairs to take to the beach, ones there were pretty rusty. We will be returning though!
We really enjoyed our stay. The condo was great! If I had one thing I would recommend is that you have better directions on how TV's work in the condo. Also, maybe get a splitter to allow the Dish system to work in the master bedroom.
Whenever we go back to that area, we would love to stay at your place again.
Randy & Joanne Camp
St. Augustine is the oldest city in the U.S. about a 12 minute drive. the main feautre is the national monument, 'Castillo do San Marco'. The locals just call it, 'The Old Fort'. Plenty of history, shopping and restaurants. If you head north, the upscale Ponte Vedra with upscale restaurants, shopping and the most famous 17th Green in professional golf, the TPC at Sawgrass.
|Rate Period
|Weekend Night
|Monthly *
Apr 2 2016 - May 9 2016
4 night minimum stay
TPC @ Sawgrass
May 10 2016 - May 14 2016
5 night minimum stay
May 15 2016 - May 27 2016
4 night minimum stay
Early Summer
May 28 2016 - Jul 1 2016
5 night minimum stay
4th of July Week
Jul 2 2016 - Jul 9 2016
7 night minimum stay
Peak Summer
Jul 10 2016 - Jul 29 2016
5 night minimum stay
Late Summer
Jul 30 2016 - Sep 4 2016
5 night minimum stay
Early Fall
Sep 5 2016 - Sep 30 2016
4 night minimum stay
|$150 + Tax
|Damage Protection Fee
|$75 + Tax
|Pet Fee
|$120 + Tax
|Tax Rate
NOTE: TAX is 10% (NOT 15% - the additional 5% is for processing fee, NOT Tax! NO DISCOUNTS on Holidays/Special Events and July. Low Season 28 Nights or more is ALREADY DISCOUNTED. Required Minimum Stays: 5 Nights most holidays & July; Other stays require 4 night minimum However, 5 NIGHTS STAY! $500 Reservation Deposit required all reservations. Discount is OFF RENT portion ONLY - Fees and Taxes are NOT discounted. NOTE: Specials or Deals are NEVER Retroactive
Please note the tax is 10% and the Processing Fee is 5% for a total of 15%
We require $500 to make a reservation, Balance due 60 Days before arrival date. Once you are within the 60 days before arrival date; NO Cancellations or Refunds. Travel Ins is available at a cost of 6.95% of the total reservation. NOTE: The Fall / Winter Month Prices INCLUDES ALL DISCOUNTS - No additional Discounts
* Approximate monthly rate. Actual rate will depend on the days of the month you stay.


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The Best Of The Worst Of 'In The Loop'We review the NFL Draft
Jon Weeks Excited To Work With New Special Teams Coach Larry IzzoHouston Texans long snapper Jon Weeks joined Mad Radio and they talked about last season, the draft, going to the Pro Bowl, new special teams coach Larry Izzo and what he is doing in the community.
What Can Texans Fans Expect From Will Fuller?Texans sideline reporter John Harris joined Mad Radio to give his thoughts on the first round pick of the Houston Texans Notre Dame wide receiver Will Fuller and where the Texans could go in the second round.
The Best Of Worst Of 'In the Loop'It's the Draft day +1
Notre Dame Head Coach Brian Kelly On Will Fuller Notre Dame Head Coach Brian Kelly joins 'In The Loop'.
Out Friend Marlon Wayans Is In StudioFriend of the show Marlon Wayans joins 'In The Loop'
We Have Never Seen Anything Like Tunsil SagaMike Florio of ProFootballTalk.com joins 'In The Loop'.
Best Of The Triple Threat 4/28Sean, Rich and Ted on a Thursday
The Best Of The Worst Of 'In The Loop'Cody Stoots and Marc Vandermeer join the show today.
The Very Best Of Gallant At NightThe Very Best of Gallant at Night on a Wednesday!
John Daly Just Loving LifeJohn Daly joined Mad Radio and they talked about his transition to the Champions Tour, his wild golfing career, his successful business and have a budding golf star for a son.
Major Applewhite Believes UH's Future Is BrightUH QB coach Major Applewhite joined Mad Radio and they talked about the UH program, his thoughts on William Jackson and balancing work and family.


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Results Of Pediatric Clinical Trial Of External Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation For The Treatment Of ADHD
Los Angeles-based medical device company established to develop early stage technologies with the potential to transform medical practice and patients' lives. Currently, NeuroSigma is focused on neuromodulation therapies and has amassed significant intellectual property licensed on an exclusive basis from the University of California, Los Angeles ( UCLA), including TNS therapies for epilepsy, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). For more information about NeuroSigma, please visit www.neurosigma.com .NeuroSigma's first TNS product, the Monarch™ eTNS™ System, is currently being marketed to patients in the European Union (EU), with a physician's prescription. In September 2012, NeuroSigma received CE Mark approval for the adjunctive treatment of epilepsy and major depressive disorder, for adults and children 9 years and older in the EU. The Monarch was recently unveiled in London at the 10th European Congress on Epileptology. The Monarch™ eTNS™ System consists of a small stimulator that can be placed in a pocket or worn at the waist, and an electric patch that is placed on the forehead. The patch stimulates the trigeminal nerve through the surface of the skin, and is used primarily while the patient is asleep. Forward-Looking Safe Harbor Statement: This press release contains forward-looking statements, including but not limited to, research and development outcomes, efficacy, adverse reactions, market and product potential, product availability and other statements regarding our eTNS™ and sTNS™ systems. These statements are based on current expectations of future events. If underlying assumptions prove inaccurate or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results could vary materially from the Company's expectations and projections. Risks and uncertainties include, among other things, general industry and medical device market conditions; technological advances and patents attained by competitors; challenges inherent in the research and development and regulatory processes; challenges related to new product marketing, such as the unpredictability of market acceptance for new medical device products; inconsistency of treatment results among patients; potential difficulties in manufacturing a new product; general economic conditions; and governmental laws and regulations affecting domestic and foreign operations.
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All Comments
Again, a work of art! Fucking beautiful n I mean 'fucking beautiful'. Would love to tap that hole with my cock!
again,,, ca vraiment c'est tres appetissant totalement mangeable,,mon dieu de la france ....you are very handsome guy and i am wishing to meet you 1 day in london
hot damn that is such a fuckable sweet ass. i would be rimming and fucking that sweet hole
Perfect butt.....
Awesome hot hot hot butt!
sooo hottt
Un cul parfait! Près pour le plaisir!
STUNNING, n SO HOTTTT
A "PERFECT" ARSE, for fuckin, and lickin !!!!!!!!!!!! FEELINGS, AND FLAVOR GALORE !!!!!!!!!
Simply delicious!
a worship ass
wow nices ass man
wow nice ass man
mmmm i like
nice ass
this really turns me on
great ass!!
That muscular ass of your's is so smooth & full...I LOVE IT!!!
Looks as if you found a nude beach. I see no tan lines on that perfect butt
The Best. Perfect
Beautiful ass man!!
stunning ass. perfection!
so hot!!!
Damn sexy!!!
nice n clean ass! damn, I love it!
I'm jealous of your boyfriend. :-)
You may quite possibly have the sweetest ass I've ever seen- couldn't be any hotter!
One HOT ass, but then the whole body is hot.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 23, 1992
|Filing date
|Sep 7, 1990
|Priority date
|Sep 7, 1989
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Klaus Muehlbach, Walter Goetz, Bertram Ostermayer
|Original Assignee
|Basf Aktiengesellschaft
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (14), Referenced by (38), Classifications (23), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to filler-containing thermoplastic molding materials containing, as essential components,
A) from 10 to 84% by weight of a thermoplastic polyamide,
B) from 10 to 84.8% by weight of a modified polyphenylene ether,
C) from 5 to 40% by weight of a fibrous or particulate filler or a mixture thereof, and
D) from 1 to 20% by weight of a zinc sulfide pigment, and, in addition,
E) from 0 to 30% by weight of an impact-modifying rubber and
F) from 0 to 25% by weight of a flameproofing agent.
The present invention furthermore relates to the use of these molding materials for the production of moldings and to the moldings obtainable using these molding materials as essential components.
DE-A 22 26 932 discloses glass fiber-reinforced polyamide molding materials which additionally contain inorganic pigments such as zinc sulfide.
WO 85/05372, EP-A 260 123, WO 87/05304, EP-A 46 040, WO 86/02086 and DE-A-34 43 154 disclose blends of modified polyphenylene ethers and polyamides which may additionally contain fillers.
Fibrous or particulate fillers in mixtures of polyphenylene ethers and polyamides frequently have an adverse effect on the mechanical properties of the moldings. This is particularly true for fiber-reinforced, pale-colored moldings containing titanium dioxide as a white pigment due to the yellowish natural hue of these blends.
This white pigment has good hiding power, but has a drastic effect on the mechanical properties and causes nonuniform color surfaces.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide thermoplastic molding materials which have good elongation at brea-k, tensile- strength and toughness and in which the color impression of the pale-colored molding surfaces should be uniform.
We have found that this object is achieved by the molding materials defined at the outset.
The subclaims deal with preferred materials of this type and their use.
The polyamides present in the materials as component A) are known per se and include partially crystalline and amorphous resins having molecular weights (weight averages) of 5000 or more, usually known as nylon. Polyamides of this type are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,071,250, 2,071,251, 2,130,523, 2,130,948, 2,241,322, 2,312,966, 2,512,606 and 3,393,210.
The polyamides can be prepared, for example, by condensing equimolar amounts of a saturated or aromatic dicarboxylic acid having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms with a saturated or aromatic diamine having up to 14 carbon atoms or by condensing ω-aminocarboxylic acids or by polyaddition of lactams.
Examples of polyamides are polyhexamethyleneadipamide (nylon 66), polyhexamethyleneazalaamide (nylon 69), polyhexamethylenesebacamide (nylon 610), polyhexamethylenedodecanediamide (nylon 612), the polyamides obtained by ring opening of lactams, such as polycaprolactam and polylaurolactam, and poly-11-aminoundecanoic acid and polyamides made from di(p-aminocyclohexyl)methane, dodecanedioic acid and m-xylylenediamine.
It is also possible to use, according to the invention, polyamides prepared by copolycondensation of two or more of the abovementioned polymers or their components, e.g. copolymers made from adipic acid, isophthalic acid or terephthalic acid and hexamethylenediamine or copolymers made from caprolactam, terephthalic acid and hexamethylenediamine. Partially aromatic copolyamides of this type contain, as component al), from 40 to 90% by weight of units derived from terephthalic acid and hexamethylenediamine. A small proportion of the terephthalic acid, preferably not more than 10% by weight of all the aromatic dicarboxylic acids employed, may be replaced by isophthalic acid or other aromatic dicarboxylic acids, preferably those in which the carboxyl is in the para-position.
In addition to the units derived from terephthalic acid and hexamethylenediamine, the partially aromatic copolyamides contain units derived from ε-caprolactam (a2) and/or units derived from adipic acid and hexamethylenedimaine (a3).
The proportion of units derived from ε-caprolactam is up to 50% by weight, preferably from 20 to 50% by weight, in particular from 25 to 40% by weight, while the proportion of units derived from adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine is up to 60% by weight, preferably from 30 to 60% by weight, in particular from 35 to 55% by weight.
The copolyamides may contain both units derived from ε-caprolactam and those derived from adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine; in this case, it must be ensured that the proportion of units which are free from aromatic groups is 10% by weight or more, preferably 20% by weight or more, but the ratio of units derived from ε-caprolactam to those derived from adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine is not subject to any particular limitation.
It has proven particularly advantageous for many applications to use polyamides containing from 50 to 80% by weight, in particular from 60 to 75% by weight, of units derived from terephthalic acid and hexamethylene-diamine (units a1)) and from 20 to 50% by weight, preferable from 25 to 40% by weight, of units derived from ε-caprolactam (units a2)).
The partially aromatic copolyamides can be prepared, for example, by the process described in EP-A-129 195 and EP 129 196.
Preference is given to linear polyamides having a melting point of above 200� C.
Preferred polyamides are polyhexamethyleneadipamide, polyhexamethylenesebacamide, polycaprolactam, nylon 6/6T and nylon 66/6T. The polyamides generally have a relative viscosity of from 2.0 to 5, determined in 1% strength by weight solution in 96% sulfuric acid at 23� C., corresponding to a molecular weight of from about 15,000 to 45,000. Preference is given to polyamides having a relative viscosity of from 2.4 to 3.5, in particular from 2.5 to 3.4.
Other examples of polyamides are those obtainable, for example, by condensing 1,4-diaminobutane with adipic acid at elevated temperature (nylon 4,6). Preparation processes for polyamides of this structure are described, for example, in EP-A 38 094, EP-A-38 582 and EP-A-39 524.
The proportion of polyamides A) in the molding materials according to the invention is from 10 to 84% by weight, preferably from 10 to 76% by weight, in particular from 20 to 50% by weight.
The molding materials according to the invention contain, as component B), from 10 to 84% by weight, preferably from 10 to 76% by weight, in particular from 20 to 50% by weight, of a modified polyphenylene ether.
Polyphenylene ethers generally have a molecular weight (weight average) in the range from 10,000 to 80,000, preferably from 20,000 to 60,000.
This corresponds to a reduced specific viscosity ηred of from 0.2 to 0.9 dl/g, preferably from 0.35 to 0.8 dl/g, in particular from 0.45 to 0.6 dl/g, measured in 1% strength by weight solution in chloroform at 25� C. in accordance with DIN 53 726.
The unmodified polyphenylene ethers b ) are known per se and are preferably prepared by oxidative coupling of o-disubstituted phenols.
Examples of substituents are halogen atoms, such as chlorine or bromine, and alkyl radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and preferably containing no α-tertiary hydrogen, e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl. The alkyl radicals may in turn be substituted by halogen, such as chlorine or bromine, or by hydroxyl. Further examples of possible substituents are alkoxy, preferably having up to 4 carbon atoms, or phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen and/or alkyl. Copolymers of different phenols, for example copolymers of 2,6-dimethylphenol and 2,3,6-trimethylphenol, are also suitable. It is of course also possible to employ mixtures of different polyphenylene ethers.
Preferred polyphenylene ethers are those which are compatible with vinyl-aromatic polymers, i.e. are fully or substantially soluble therein (cf. A. Noshay, Block Copolymers, pages 8 to 10, Academic Press, 1977, and 0. Olabisi, Polymer-Polymer Miscibility, 1979, pages 117 to 189).
Examples of polyphenylene ethers are poly(2,6- dilauryl-1,4-phenylene) ether, poly(2,6-diphenyl-1,4-phenylene) ether, poly(2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-phenylene) ether, poly(2,6-diethoxy-1,4-polyphenylene) ether, poly(2-methoxy-6-ethoxy-1,4-phenylene) ether, poly(2-ethyl-6-stearyloxy-1,4-phenylene) ether, poly(2,6-dichloro-1,4-phenylene)ether,poly(2-methyl-6-phenylene-1,4-phenylene) ether, poly(2,6-dibenzyl-1,4-phenylene) ether, poly(2-ethoxy-1,4-phenylene) ether, poly(2-chloro-1,4-phenylene) ether and poly(2,5-dibromo-1,4-phenylene) ether. Preference is given to polyphenylene ethers in which the substituents are alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene) ether, poly(2,6-diethyl-1,4-phenylene) ether, poly(2-methyl-6-ethyl-1,4-phenylene) ether, poly(2-methyl-6-propyl-1,4-phenylene) ether, poly(2,6-dipropyl-1,4-phenylene) ether and poly(2-ethyl-6-propyl-1,4-phenylene) ether.
Graft polymers made from polyphenylene ethers and vinyl-aromatic polymers such as styrene, α-methylstyrene, vinyltoluene and chlorostyrene are also suitable.
Functionalized or modified polyphenylene ethers B) are known per se, for example from WO-A 86/02086, WO-A 87/00540, EP-A-222 246, EP-A-223 116 and EP-A-254 048.
The polyphenylene ether b1) is usually modified by incorporating one or more carbonyl, carboxylic acid, acid anhydride, acid amide, acid imide, carboxylic acid ester, carboxylate, amino, hydroxyl, epoxy, oxazoline, urethane, urea, lactam or halobenzyl groups, thus ensuring adequate compatibility with the 2nd polymer of the mixture, the polyamide.
The modification is generally carried out by reacting a polyphenylene ether b1) with a modifier containing one or more of the abovementioned groups, in solution (WO-A 86/2086), in aqueous dispersion, in the gas phase (EP-A-25 200) or in the melt, if desired in the presence of suitable vinyl-aromatic polymers or impact modifiers, it also being possible for free-radical initiators to be present.
Examples of suitable modifiers (b3) are maleic acid, methyl maleate, itaconic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, the anhydrides and imides thereof, fumaric acid, the monoesters and diesters of these acids, for example of C1 - and C2 -C8 -alkanols (monomers b31), the monoamides and diamides of these acids, such as N-phenylmaleimide (monomers b32), maleic hydrazide, the acyl chloride of trimellitic anhydride, benzene-1,2-(dicarboxylic anhydride)-4-carboxylic acid) (acetic anhydride), chloroethanoylsuccinaldehyde, chloroformylsuccinaldehyde, citric acid and hydroxysuccinic acid. Examples of monomers b33) are N-vinylpyrrolidone and (meth)acryloylcaprolactam.
The preferred component B) in the molding materials according to the invention is a modified polyphenylene ether obtainable by reacting
b1) from 9.95 to 99.94% by weight of an unmodified polyphenylene ether,
b2) from 0 to 90% by weight of a vinyl-aromatic polymer,
b3) from 0.05 to 10% by weight of one or more compounds from the group formed by
b31) an α,β-unsaturated dicarbonyl compound,
b32) an amide-containing monomer having a polymerizable double bond and
b33) a lactam-containing monomer having a polymerizable double bond,
b4) from 0 to 80% by weight of other graft-active monomers and
b5) from 0.01 to 0.09% by weight of a free-radical initiator,
the percentages by weight being based on the sum of b1) to b5), for from 0.5 to 15 minutes at from 240� to 375� C. in a suitable mixer and kneader, such as a twin-screw extruder.
The vinyl-aromatic polymer (b2) should preferably be compatible with the polyphenylene ether employed.
The molecular weight of these conventional polymers is generally in the range from 1500 to 2,000,000, preferably in the range from 70,000 to 1,000,000.
Examples of preferred vinyl-aromatic polymers which are compatible with polyphenylene ethers are given in the abovementioned monograph by Olabisi, pages 224 to 230 and 245. As representatives only, vinyl-aromatic polymers made from styrene, chlorostyrene, α-methylstyrene and p-methylstyrene are mentioned here; in minor amounts (preferably not more than 20% by weight, in particular not more than 8% by weight), comonomers such as (meth)acrylonitrile or (meth)acrylates may also participate in the synthesis. Particularly preferred vinyl-aromatic polymers are polystyrene and impact-modified polystyrene. It is of course also possible to employ mixtures of these polymers. The preparation is preferably carried out by the process described in EP-A-302 485.
If desired, further comonomers b4) which react with or graft onto components b1 and, if used, b2) under the preparation conditions can also be employed in the preparation of the modified polyphenylene ether B. Examples which may be mentioned are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylates, methacrylates and vinyl-aromatic monomers such as styrene, α-methylstyrene and vinyl-toluene, to mention but a few.
The proportion of component b4) is from 0 to 80% by weight, preferably from 0 to 45% by weight, in particular not more than 20% by weight, based on the sum of components b1) to b5). Particularly preferred molding materials contain no component b4).
Examples of free-radical initiators (b5) are: di(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) peroxide, tert.-butyl peroxide, di(3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl) peroxide, dilauroyl peroxide, didecanoyl peroxide, dipropionyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, tert.-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, tert.-butyl peroxydiethylacetate, tert.-butyl peroxyisobutyrate, 1,1-di-tert.-butylperoxy-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, tert.-butyl peroxyisopropylcarbonate, tert.-butyl peroxy-3,3,5-trimethylhexanoate, tert.-butyl peracetate, tert.-butyl perbenzoate, butyl 4,4-di-tert.-butyl peroxyvalerate, 2,2-di-tert.-butylperoxybutane, dicumyl peroxide, tert.-butylcumyl peroxide, 1,3-di(tert.-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene and di-tert.-butyl peroxide. Organic hydroperoxides, such as diisopropylbenzene monohydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, tert.-butyl hydroperoxide, p-menthyl hydroperoxide and pinane hydroperoxide, and highly branched alkanes of the general structure ##STR1## where R1 to R6 are alkyl having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, alkoxy having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl, such as phenyl or naphthyl, or 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic rings having a π-electron system and nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur as heteroatoms, are also suitable. The substituents R1 to R6 may themselves contain functional groups as substituents, such as carboxyl, carboxyl derivatives, hydroxyl, amino, thiol or epoxide groups. Examples are 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-diphenylbutane, 3,4-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylhexane and 2,2,3,3-tetraphenylbutane.
The molding materials according to the invention contain, as component C), from 5 to 40% by weight, preferably from 20 to 35% by weight, of fibrous or particulate fillers or mixtures thereof. Examples of fillers are asbestos, carbon or glass fibers in the form of woven glass fabrics, glass mats or glass rovings, glass beads, talc, mica, barytes, kieselguhr, (calcined) kaolin and wollastonite.
Preferred fibrous reinforcing materials (component C) are carbon fibers, potassium titanate whiskers, aramid fibers and, particularly preferably, glass fibers. When glass fibers or carbon fibers are used, they may be provided with a size and coupling agent in order to impart better compatibility with the thermoplastic polyamide (A) or the polyphenylene ether (B). In general, the carbon fibers and glass fibers used have a diameter in the range from 6 to 20 μm.
These glass fibers can be incorporated either in the form of short glass fibers or continuous extrudates (rovings). In the finished injection molding, the mean length of the glass fibers is preferably in the range from 0.08 to 0.5 mm.
Suitable particulate fillers are amorphous silica, asbestos, magnesium carbonate, chalk, powdered quartz, mica, talc, feldspar and, in particular, calcium silicates such as wollastonite and kaolin (in particular calcined kaolin).
Surprisingly, the molding materials according to the invention have, as desired, very good tensile strength and elongation at break, even in the case of high proportions of fibrous fillers.
Examples of preferred combinations of fillers are 20% by weight of glass fibers with 15% by weight of wollastonite and 15% by weight of glass fibers with 15% by weight of wollastonite.
The molding materials according to the invention contain, as component D), from 1 to 20% by weight, preferably from 4 to 15% by weight, in particular from 5 to 10% by weight, of a zinc sulfide pigment.
The commercially available zinc sulfide white pigments generally contain 97% by weight or more of zinc sulfide in addition to small amounts of barium sulfate and zinc oxide.
They usually have a zinc blende or wurzite structure, generally with a mean particle size of from 0.30 to 0.35 μm.
In general, the zinc sulfide pigment can easily be incorporated in powder form into the molding materials according to the invention. Concentrates of the zinc sulfide pigment, for example in a polyamide, are preferred since this allows better dispersion of the pigment.
It is of course also possible to employ small amounts of other dyes mixed with zinc sulfide in order to achieve various hues.
Examples are carbon black, black, colored and lustrous pigments, eg. chrome yellow or zinc yellow, pink red, cobalt blue, ultramarine, manganese violet, iron oxide red or strontium yellow, and organic pigments, e.g. azopigments, anthraquinoids, indigoids, dioxazine, quinacridone, phthalocyanine or isoindolinone pigments, whose proportion is preferably up to 55% by weight, in particular up to 40% by weight, based on the component D).
In addition to the essential components A), B), C) and D), the molding materials according to the invention can contain from 0 to 30% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 3.5% by weight, of an impact-modifying rubber. Conventional impact modifiers E) which are suitable for polyamides (component A) and rubbers E) which are usually used for the impact modification of polyphenylene ethers B) can be used.
The preferred rubber-elastic polymers E) for polyamides A) are those which have reactive groups at the surface.
Examples of groups of this type are epoxy, carboxyl, latent carboxyl, amino or amide groups, and functional groups which can be introduced by carrying out the polymerization in the presence of monomers of the general formula ##STR2## where the substituents can have the following meanings: R10 is hydrogen or C1 -C4 -alkyl,
R11 is hydrogen, C1 -C8 -alkyl or aryl, in particular phenyl,
R12 is hydrogen, C1 -C10 -alkyl, C6 -C12 -aryl or OR13,
R13 is C1 -C8 -alkyl or C6 -C12 -aryl, which is unsubstituted or substituted by O- or N-containing groups,
X is a chemical bond, C1 -C10 -alkylene, C6 -C12 -arylene or ##STR3## Y is O-Z or NH-Z and Z is C1 -C10 -alkylene or C6 -C12 -arylene.
The graft monomers described in EP-A 208 187 are also suitable for introducing reactive groups at the surface.
Examples of monomers using which the above-mentioned functional groups can be introduced are glycidyl methacrylate, glycidyl acrylate, allyl glycidyl ether, vinyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl itaconate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and the metal, in particular alkali metal, and ammonium salts thereof, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, vinylbenzoic acid, vinylphthalic acid, monoesters of these acids with alcohols ROH where R has up to 29 carbon atoms and is, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, decyl, stearyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl or hydroxyethyl. Although maleic anhydride and esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with tertiary alcohols, for example tert.-butyl acrylate, do not have any free carboxyl groups, they behave in a similar manner to the free acids and are therefore regarded as monomers having latent acid groups.
Further examples are acrylamide, methacrylamide and substituted esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, such as (N-t-butylamino)ethyl methacrylate, (N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate, (N,N-dimethylamino)methyl acrylate and (N,N-diethylamino)ethyl acrylate.
The proportion of groups derived from the above-mentioned monomers is generally from 0.5 to 40% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 25% by weight, based on the total weight of the rubber.
These monomers can either by copolymerized with the other monomers during preparation of the rubber or grafted onto a pre-existing, unmodified rubber (if necessary in the presence of initiators, for example free-radical initiators).
The rubbers are generally polymers preferably built up from two or more of the following monomers as the principal components: ethylene, propylene, butadiene, isobutene, isoprene, chloroprene, vinyl acetate, styrene, acrylonitrile, (methy)acrylic acid and acrylates and methacrylates having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms in the alcohol component.
A first preferred group comprises the ethylene-propylene (EPM) and ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) rubbers, which preferably have an ethylene: propylene ratio in the range from 40:60 to 90:10.
The Mooney viscosities (ML1+4/100� C.) of uncrosslinked EPM and EPDM rubbers of this type (gel contents generally less than 1% by weight) are preferably in the range from 25 to 100, in particular from 35 to 90 (measured in accordance with DIN 53 523 on the large rotor after a running time of 4 minutes at 100� C.).
EPM rubbers generally have virtually no double bonds, while EPDM rubbers may contain from 1 to 20 double bonds per 100 carbon atoms.
Examples of diene monomers for EPDM rubbers are conjugated dienes, such as isoprene and butadiene, non-conjugated dienes having from 5 to 25 carbon atoms, such as penta-1,4-diene, hexa-1,4-diene, hexa-1,5-diene, 2,5-dimethylhexa-1,5-diene and octa-1,4-diene, cyclic dienes, such as cyclopentadiene, cyclohexadienes, cyclooctadienes and dicyclopentadiene, and alkenylnorbornenes, such as 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene, 5-butylidene-2-norbornene, 2-methallyl-5-norbornene and 2-isopropenyl-5-norbornene, and tricyclodienes, such as 3-methyltricyclo[188.8.131.52.2.6]-3,8-decadiene, and mixtures thereof. Preference is given to hexadiene-1,5,5-ethylidenenorbornene and dicyclopentadiene. The diene content of the EPDM rubbers is generally from 0.5 to 50% by weight, in particular from 3 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the rubber.
EPM and EPDM rubbers are usually grafted with the abovementioned monomers carrying reactive groups, of which only acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and derivatives thereof, and maleic anhydride are mentioned here.
A further group of rubbers comprises copolymers of ethylene with esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid, for example the methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-, i- or t-butyl and 2-ethylhexyl esters. In addition, the rubbers may also contain the abovementioned reactive groups, for example in the form of dicarboxylic acids, derivatives of these acids, vinyl esters and vinyl ethers.
The ethylene content of the copolymers is generally in the range from 50 to 98% by weight, and the proportions of epoxide-containing monomers and of the acrylate and/or methacrylate are each in the range from 1 to 49% by weight.
Preference is given to olefin polymers comprising
from 50 to 98.9% by weight, in particular from 60 to 95% by weight, of ethylene,
from 0.1 to 20% by weight, in particular from 0.15 to 15% by weight, of glycidyl acrylate and/or glycidyl methacrylate, acrylic acid and/or maleic anhydride, and
from 1 to 45% by weight, in particular from 10 to 35% by weight, of n-butyl acrylate and/or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
The above-described ethylene copolymers can be prepared by conventional processes, preferably by random copolymerization under superatmospheric pressure and at elevated temperature. Appropriate processes are described in the literature.
The melt flow index of the ethylene copolymers is generally in the range from 1 to 80 g/10 min (measured at 190� C. under a load of 2.16 kg).
Suitable elastomers for the impact modification of polyamide are furthermore graft copolymers, containing reactive groups, with butadiene, butadiene/styrene, butadiene/acrylonitrile and acrylate rubbers as the graft base, as described, for example, in DE-A 16 94 173, DE-A 23 48 377, DE-A 24 44 584 and DE-A-27 26 256, in particular the ABS polymers, as described in DE-A-20 35 390, DE-A-22 48 242 and EP-A-22 216.
The rubber E may be a graft polymer comprising
from 25 to 98% by weight of an acrylate rubber having a glass transition temperature of below -20� C. as the graft base (base polymer) and
from 2 to 75% by weight of a copolymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated monomer whose homopolymers and copolymers have a glass transition temperature of greater than 25� C., as the graft shell.
The graft base is an acrylate or methacrylate rubber containing up to 40% by weight of further comonomers. The C1 -C8 -esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and the halogenated derivatives thereof, and aromatic acrylates and mixtures thereof are usually employed. Specific examples of comonomers in the graft base are acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, styrene, α-methylstyrene, acrylamides, methacrylamides and vinyl C1 -C6 -alkyl ethers.
The graft base may be uncrosslinked or partially or fully crosslinked, which is achieved, for example, by copolymerizing preferably from 0.02 to 5% by weight, in particular from 0.05 to 2% by weight, of a crosslinking monomer containing more than one double bond. Suitable crosslinking monomers are described, for example, in DE-A 27 26 256 and EP-A 50 265.
Preferred crosslinking monomers are triallyl cyanurate, triallyl isocyanurate, triacryloylhexahydro-s-triazine and triallylbenzenes.
If the crosslinking monomers contain more than 2 polymerizable double bonds, it is advantageous to limit their amount to not more than 1% by weight, based on the graft base.
Highly suitable graft bases are emulsion polymers having a gel content of greater than 60% by weight (determined in dimethylformamide at 25 C by the method of M. Hoffmann, H. Kromer, R. Kuhn, Polymeranalytik, Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart, 1977).
Other suitable graft bases are acrylate rubbers having a diene core, as described, for example, in EP-A 50 262.
Particularly suitable graft monomers are styrene, α-methylstyrene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate, or mixtures thereof, in particular those comprising styrene and acrylonitrile in the weight ratio from 1:1 to 9:1.
The reactive groups can be introduced into the graft copolymers by, for example, carrying out the preparation of the graft shell in the presence of the appropriate monomers. In this case, the proportion thereof in the graft monomer mixture is preferably from 0.5 to 30% by weight, in particular from 1 to 25% by weight. It is also possible to apply the appropriate monomers separately as the final graft shell.
The graft yield, i.e. the quotient of the amount of grafted-on monomers and the amount of graft monomers employed, is generally in the range from 20 to 90%.
Further suitable rubbers are those which are used for the impact modification of polyphenylene ethers B).
Examples which may be mentioned are thermoplastic rubbers, such as polybutadiene, polybutene, polyisoprene, acrylonitrile-butadiene, ethylene-propylene, polyester or ethylene rubbers, and elastomeric copolymers made from methylene and esters of (meth)acrylic acid, for example ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymers, furthermore ionomers, polyoctenylenes, graft rubbers having a graft core made from butadiene or isoprene or alkyl (meth)acrylates and a graft shell made from styrene and/or α-methylstyrene, and preferably styrene-butadiene block copolymers, including AB, ABA and ABAB block copolymers, which may also have indistinct transitions, star block copolymers and the like, analogous isoprene block copolymers and (partially) hydrogenated block copolymers. These rubbers can also be employed in the form of a graft with vinyl-aromatic monomers, such as styrene (EP-A 234 063 and U.S. patent application 4,681,915).
The rubbers E preferably have a glass transition temperature of below -30� C., in particular below -40� C. It is of course also possible to employ mixtures of the abovementioned types of rubber.
The molding materials according to the invention may furthermore contain flameproofing agents F) in amounts of from 0 to 25% by weight, preferably from 1 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the molding materials.
All known flameproofing agents are suitable, eg. polyhalobiphenyl, polyhalobiphenyl ether, polyhalophthalic acid and derivatives thereof, polyhalooligocarbonates and polyhalopolycarbonates, the corresponding bromine compounds being particularly effective.
Examples of these are polymers of 2,6,2,,6,-tetrabromobisphenol A, of tetrabromophthalic acid, of 2,6-dibromophenol and of 2,4,6-tribromophenol and derivatives thereof.
A preferred flameproofing agent F) is elemental red phosphorus, which can generally be phlegmatized or coated with, for example, polyurethanes or other amino plastics. In addition, concentrates of red phosphorus in, for example, a polyamide, elastomer or polyolefin are also suitable.
Particular preference is given to 1,2,3,4,7,8,9,-10,13,13,14,14-dodecachloro-1,4,4a,5,6,6a,7,10,10a,11,-12,12a-dodecahydro-1,4:7,10-dimethanodibenzo(a,e)cyclooctane (Dechlorane� Plus, Occidental Chemical Corp.) and, if desired, a synergist, for example antimony trioxide.
Other suitable phosphorus compounds are organophosphorus compounds, such as phosphonates, phosphinates, phosphinites, phosphine oxides, phosphines, phosphites or phosphates. A specific example is triphenylphosphine oxide, which can be used alone or mixed with hexabromobenzene or a chlorinated biphenyl or red phosphorus and, if desired, antimony oxide.
Typical preferred phosphorus compounds which can be used according to the present invention are those of the general formula ##STR4## where Q is hydrogen or identical or different hydrocarbon radicals or halogenated hydrocarbon radicals, such as alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkyl-substituted aryl and aryl-substituted alkyl, with the proviso that one or more of the radicals Q is aryl. Examples of suitable phosphates of this type are phenyl bisdodecyl phosphate, phenyl bisneopentyl phosphate, phenyl ethylene hydrogen phosphate, phenyl bis(3,5,5'-trimethylhexyl) phosphate, ethyl diphenyl phosphate, 2-ethylhexyl di(p-tolyl) phosphate, diphenyl hydrogen phosphate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phenyl phosphate, tri(nonylphenyl) phosphate, phenyl methyl hydrogen phosphate, di(dodecyl) p-tolyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, dibutyl phenyl phosphate and diphenyl hydrogen phosphate. The preferred phosphates are those in which each Q is aryl. The most preferred phosphate is triphenyl phosphate. The combination of triphenyl phosphate with hexabromobenzene and antimony trioxide is also preferred.
Other suitable flameproofing agents are compounds which contain phosphorus-nitrogen bonds, such as phosphonitrile chloride, phosphoric acid ester amides, phosphoric acid ester amines, phosphoric acid amides, phosphonic acid amides, phosphinic acid amides, tris(aziridinyl) phosphine oxide and tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride. The majority of these flame-inhibiting additives are commercially available.
Other suitable halogen-containing flameproofing agents are tetrabromobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, hexabromobenzene, and halogenated polystyrenes and polyphenylene ethers.
It is also possible to use the halogenated phthalimides described in DE-A-19 46 924, of which N,N'-ethylenebistetrabromophthalimide, in particular, has achieved importance.
In addition to the essential components A), B), C) and D) and, if desired, E) and F), the molding materials according to the invention can also contain conventional additives and processing aids, whose proportion is generally up to 20% by weight, preferably up to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of components A) to F).
Examples of conventional additives are stabilizers, antioxidants, thermal stabilizers, UV stabilizers, lubricants, mold release agents, dyes, pigments and plasticizers.
Examples of antioxidants and thermal stabilizers which can be added to the thermoplastic materials according to the invention are halides of metals of group I of the Periodic Table, eg. sodium halides, potassium halides and lithium halides, if desired in combination with copper(I) halides, eg. chlorides, bromides or iodides. It is also possible to use zinc fluoride, zinc chloride, stearically hindered phenols, hydroquinones, substituted representatives of this group, and mixtures of these compounds, preferably in concentrations of up to 1% by weight, based on the weight of the mixture.
Examples of UV stabilizers are various substituted resorcinols, salicylates, benzotriazoles and benzophenones, which are generally employed in amounts of up to 2% by weight.
Materials for increasing the screening against electromagnetic waves, such as metal flakes, metal powders, metal fibers and metal-coated fillers, can also be used.
Lubricants and mold release agents, which are generally added to the thermoplastic material in amounts of up to 1% by weight, are stearic acid, stearyl alcohol, alkyl stearates, alkyl stearamides and esters of pentaerythritol with long-chain fatty acids.
The additives also include stabilizers which prevent decomposition of the red phosphorus in the presence of moisture and atmospheric oxygen. Examples are compounds of cadmium, zinc, aluminum, silver, iron, copper, antimony, tin, magnesium, manganese, vanadium and boron. Examples of particularly suitable compounds are oxides of the metals mentioned, furthermore carbonates or oxycarbonates, hydroxides and salts of organic or inorganic acids, such as acetates, phosphates, hydrogen phosphates and sulfates.
The thermoplastic molding materials according to the invention can be prepared by conventional processes by mixing and subsequently extruding the starting components in conventional mixers, such as screw extruders, preferably twin-screw extruders, Brabender mills or Banburry mills, and kneaders. After extrusion, the extrudate is cooled and comminuted.
In order to obtain the most homogeneous molding material possible, vigorous mixing is necessary. To this end, mean mixing times of from 0.2 to 30 minutes at from 280� to 380� C. are generally necessary. The sequence of mixing of the components may be varied; for example, it is possible to pre-mix two or three components, or to mix all the components together. It may be advantageous to prepare the modified polyphenylene ether b2 in a first zone of an extruder and to mix it with the other components of the molding material according to the invention in one or more subsequent zones. A process of this type is described in DE-A 37 02 582.
The molding materials according to the invention have good elongation at break combined with good tensile strength. In particular, the overall strength (flexural and tensile strength) is retained for a relatively long time in a stress/load cycle (increasing the number of cycles until break). The surface of the injection moldings is uniformly colored, ie. it has no matt points.
This property profile makes the moldings which can be produced from molding materials according to the invention particularly suitable for motor vehicle parts, sports equipment, and electronic and electrical components.
Component A1)
A random copolyamide comprising:
85% by weight of units of an equimolar mixture of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid and
15% by weight of units derived from ε-caprolactam and having a Fikentscher K value of 69, measured in a 1% strength by weight solution of 96% strength by weight sulfuric acid at 25� C.
Component A2)
Polyhexamethyladipamide having a K value of 74, corresponding to a relative viscosity ηrel of 2.8.
Component A3)
Poly-ε-caprolactam having a K value of 74.
Component (B1)
A modified polyphenylene ether comprising
88.5% by weight of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene) ether (ηred =0.62, measured in a 1% strength by weight solution in chloroform at 25� C.),
10% by weight of polystyrene (melt flow index MFI at 200� C. and a load of 5 kg:24 g/10 min)
1.45% by weight of fumaric acid and
0.05% by weight of 3,4-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylhexane (initiator)
was prepared by mixing the components at from 290� to 310� C. in a twin-screw extruder with subsequent degassing. The melt was passed through a water bath, granulated and dried.
Component (B2)
A modified polyphenylene ether comprising
38% by weight of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene) ether (ηred =0.62, measured in a 1% strength by weight solution in chloroform at 25� C.),
10%-by weight of polystyrene (melt flow index MFI at 200� C. and a load of 5 kg: 24 g/10 min),
1.95% by weight of maleic anhydride and
0.05% by weight of 3,4-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylhexane (initiator)
was prepared by mixing the components at from 290� to 310� C. in a twin-screw extruder with subsequent degassing. The melt was passed through a water bath, granulated and dried.
Component (B1*) (for comparison)
An unmodified polyphenylene ether having a mean molecular weight (weight average) Mw of 30,000
Component (C1)
Glass fibers (with polyurethane size) having a mean diameter of 15 μm.
Component (C2)
Wollastonite having a specific surface area (in accordance with DIN 66 132) of 2 m2 /g.
Component D1)
Zinc sulfide white pigment having a mean particle size of 0.35 μm.
Component D1*)
Titanium dioxide (rutile type) having a mean particle size of 0.28 μm.
Component E)
A styrene-butadiene-styrene three-block copolymer having a styrene content of 30% by weight.
Component (F)
Red phosphorus having a mean particle size (d50) of 45 μm.
Preparation of the molding materials
Components A), B), C) and D) and, if desired, E) and F) were mixed in a twin-screw extruder at a barrel temperature of 290� C. The melt was passed through a water bath and granulated. The dried granules were injection-molded at 290� C. to form small standard specimens, dumbbell test specimens and circular disks.
The tensile strength (tensile modulus and modulus of elasticity) were determined in accordance with DIN 53 457, the impact strength in accordance with DIN 53 455 and the elongation at break in accordance with DIN 53 455.
The color impression of the moldings was compared visually on circular disks injection molded at a material temperature of 300� C. and a mold surface temperature of 95� C.: uniform color impression +; nonuniform color impression -.
The resistance measurements under dynamic load were carried out using a three-point bending pulsating test with small standard specimens (4�6�50 mm) according to DIN 53452. The sample supports and piston ccmprised cylindrical steel rollers (diameter: 10 mm), with the distance between the support centers being 42 mm. The test was carried out at three deflection levels of 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm and 2.5 mm. The sinusoidal, pulsating test load was in each case applied at 23� C. at an upper load:lower load ratio of R=0.25 and a test frequency of 5 Hz. The quantity being measured was the number of load cycles at which the flexural force measured had dropped to half its initial value (lower load measured).
The composition of the molding materials and the results of the measurements are shown in the tables.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________ Modulus of Elongation Composition elasticity at break SurfaceNo. [% by weight] [N/mm2 ] [%] quality__________________________________________________________________________1 31 A2) 29 B1) 30 C1) 4 D1) 6 E) -- 10,400 3.8 +2** 38 A2) 28 B2) 20 C2) 6 D1) 7.5 E) -- 2,600 18 +3 32 A2) 32 B1) 20 C2) 6 D1) 6.5 E) 3.5 F) 2,800 15 +4* 36 A1) 32 B1*) 20 C1) 5 D1*) -- -- 7,500 3.9 -5* 31 A2) 29 B1*) 30 C1) 4 D1*) 6 E) -- 10,400 3.1 -6* 38 A2) 28 B1*) 20 C2) 6 D1*) 7.5 E) -- 2,600 5.8 -__________________________________________________________________________ *) For comparison (Example 4 additionally contained 7% by weight of a styrenemaleic acid copolymer (97.2:2.8) of viscosity number 0.76 dl/g, measured in 0.5% strength by weight solution in dimethylformamide (25� C.), as phasecompatibility promoter. **) Example 2 additionally contained 0.5% by weight of carbon black.
TABLE 2______________________________________ Tensile Impact modu-Composition strength lus [N/No. [% by weight] [kJ/m2) mm2 ]______________________________________ 7 31 A2) 29 B1) 30 C1) 4 D1) 6 E) 31 140 8* 32 A2) 30 B1) 30 C1) 2 D1*) 6 E) 19 113 9* 64 A3) -- 34 C2) 2 D1) -- 49 17410*) 65 A3) -- 34 C1) 1 D1*) -- 34 143______________________________________ *) For comparison, Examples 9* and 10* in accordance with DEA-22 26 932
TABLE 3______________________________________ Deflection Number level of load [mm] cycles______________________________________Composition Example 1 2.5 380Composition Example 1 2.0 2654Composition Example 1 1.5 33310Composition Comparative Example 5* 2.5 75Composition Comparative Example 5* 2.0 754Composition Comparative Example 5* 1.5 4060______________________________________
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 2, 1970
|Mar 10, 1981
|General Electric Company
|Stabilized polyphenylene ether
|Sep 26, 1985
|Apr 25, 1989
|General Electric Company
|Functionalized polyphenylene ethers and blends with polyamides
|Apr 14, 1988
|Oct 10, 1989
|General Electric Company
|Modified polyphenylene ether-polyamide compositions and process
|Mar 22, 1988
|May 8, 1990
|Borg-Warner Chemicals, Inc.
|Thermoplastic impact modified polyamide-polyphenylene ether composition
|Jun 7, 1988
|May 29, 1990
|Sumitomo Chemical Company, Ltd.
|Thermoplastic resin composition
|Jun 2, 1972
|Dec 13, 1973
|Basf Ag
|Mit anorganischen pigmenten pigmentierte glasfaserverstaerkte thermoplastische formmassen
|Jul 31, 1981
|Feb 17, 1982
|Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|A highly heat-resistant thermoplastic resin composition having high oil-resistance and articles molded therefrom
|Sep 9, 1987
|Mar 16, 1988
|Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc.
|Polyphenylene ether resin composition
|Oct 21, 1988
|May 3, 1989
|BASF Aktiengesellschaft
|Thermoplastic moulding composition
|Title not available
|Title not available
|May 21, 1985
|Dec 5, 1985
|General Electric Company
|Modified polyphenylene ether-polyamide compositions and process
|Sep 26, 1985
|Apr 10, 1986
|General Electric Company
|Functionalized polyphenylene ethers and blends with polyamides
|Mar 6, 1987
|Sep 11, 1987
|The General Electric Company
|Polyphenylene ether/polyamide blends having improved physical properties
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 30, 1995
|Dec 12, 1995
|Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc.
|Resin composition, molded article and lamp reflector
|Sep 8, 1993
|Dec 26, 1995
|Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited
|Thermoplastic composition
|Oct 7, 1993
|Feb 20, 1996
|Kishimoto Sangyo Co., Ltd.
|Thermoplastic molding resin composition
|Aug 23, 1994
|Jul 9, 1996
|General Electric Company
|Extrudable thermoplastic composition comprising a compatibilized polyphenylene ether polyamide resin blend
|Sep 11, 1995
|Sep 10, 1996
|General Electric Company
|Compositions of polyphenylene ether and polyamide resins containing terpene phenol resins
|Mar 11, 1996
|Sep 23, 1997
|General Electric Co.
|Polyamide resin composition
|Oct 23, 1996
|Feb 3, 1998
|General Electric Company
|Flame retardant polyamide-polyphenylene ether compositions
|Jun 7, 1995
|Jun 2, 1998
|General Electric Company
|Compositions of poly(phenylene ether) and polyamide resins, which exhibit improved beard growth reduction
|May 24, 1996
|Feb 9, 1999
|General Electric Company
|Polymer mixture which comprises a polyamide, a polyphenylene ether and an agent to improve the impact resistance
|Jun 27, 1997
|Feb 16, 1999
|General Electric Company
|Polyamide resin composition
|Jan 6, 1997
|Jun 29, 1999
|General Electric Company
|Compatibilized blends of polyphenylene ether and polyphthalamide
|Mar 4, 1998
|Nov 9, 1999
|General Electric Company
|Compositions of poly(phenylene ether) and polyamide resins, which exhibit improved beard growth reduction
|Nov 12, 1999
|Oct 22, 2002
|General Electric Company
|Conductive polyphenylene ether-polyamide blend
|Feb 25, 2002
|Nov 26, 2002
|General Electric Company
|Conductive polyphenylene ether-polyamide blend
|Jul 2, 2002
|Jul 15, 2003
|General Electric Company
|Conductive polyphenylene ether-polyamide blend
|Dec 22, 2000
|Mar 30, 2004
|Cabot Corporation
|Universal masterbatch
|May 20, 2003
|Jun 5, 2007
|General Electric Company
|Conductive polyphenylene ether-polyamide blend
|Jan 11, 2005
|Dec 23, 2008
|Dai-Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.
|Flame-retardant styrene resin composition
|Jun 20, 2007
|Mar 8, 2011
|Polyone Corporation
|Polyamide compounds containing zinc sulfide
|Sep 4, 2012
|Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V.
|Filled compositions and a method of making
|Jun 21, 2007
|Feb 26, 2013
|Sachtleben Chemie Gmbh
|Plastic comprising zinc sulphide
|Mar 31, 2008
|Sep 3, 2013
|Solvay Advanced Polymers, L.L.C.
|Gamma radiation sterilizable, reinforced polymer composition with improved color stability
|Dec 20, 2010
|Jun 16, 2015
|Cheil Industries Inc.
|Polyamide resin composition with good reflectance, impact strength, heat resistance, and water resistance and method of preparing the same
|May 20, 2003
|Sep 4, 2003
|General Electric Company
|Conductive polyphenylene ether-polyamide blend
|Nov 29, 2002
|Jan 13, 2005
|Nicolangelo Peduto
|Thermoplastic compositions with enhanced mechanical properties
|Jul 23, 2004
|Jan 26, 2006
|Specialty Minerals (Michigan) Inc.
|Method for improved melt flow rate fo filled polymeric resin
|Sep 1, 2005
|Mar 2, 2006
|Hideaki Onishi
|Flame retardant compositions for flammable plastics and flame retarded plastic compositions containing the same
|Jan 11, 2005
|Jul 26, 2007
|Hideaki Onishi
|Flame-retardant styrene resin composition
|Jun 20, 2007
|Dec 27, 2007
|Polyone Corporation
|Polyamide compounds containing zinc sulfide
|Jun 29, 2005
|Jul 10, 2008
|Solvay Advanced Polymers, Llc
|Aromatic Polyamide Composition and Article Manufactured Therefrom
|Nov 17, 2008
|Oct 15, 2009
|Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V.
|Filled compositions and a method of making
|Jun 21, 2007
|Jun 24, 2010
|Stephane David
|Plastic comprising zinc sulphide
|Mar 31, 2008
|Oct 14, 2010
|Solvay Advanced Polymers, L.L.C.
|Gamma radiation sterilizable, reinforced polymer composition with improved color stability
|Dec 20, 2010
|Jun 30, 2011
|Cheil Industries Inc.
|Polyamide Resin Composition with Good Reflectance, Impact Strength, Heat Resistance, and Water Resistance and Method of Preparing the Same
|May 13, 2011
|Dec 9, 2015
|Oct 11, 1994
|Apr 18, 1996
|Chemie Linz Deutschland
|Fire resistant glass fibre-reinforced polyamide resin compsns.
|Oct 10, 2000
|May 25, 2001
|General Electric Company
|Conductive polyphenylene ether-polyamide blend
|Jun 30, 2004
|Feb 10, 2005
|Rhodia Performances Fibres
|Use of zinc sulphur for enhancing opacity of thermoplastic polymer compositions
|U.S. Classification
|524/420, 525/397, 525/392, 524/493, 524/494
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 3, 1991
Owner name: BASF AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:MUEHLBACH, KLAUS;GOETZ, WALTER;OSTERMAYER, BERTRAM;REEL/FRAME:005699/0089
Effective date: 19901024
|Dec 4, 1995
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Nov 29, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jan 7, 2004
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jun 23, 2004
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Aug 17, 2004
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20040623


text:
- Details
- Category: Project Release News
Site Administrators - Simplicity & Control
At first glance, you will appreciate user interface improvements. The Joomla! 1.5 Administrator is more refined and the main menu simplified. The global configuration was substantially reworked for simpler presentation and greater control. [9] An important improvement for our international community is having Joomla!'s entire Administrator available in one's own language using language packs made available at joomlacode.org.
Joomla! administrators will find a number of improvements in ease of site management. A single installer is available for all extension types, including languages. [5] The media manager is improved visually and functionally. Images, documents, presentations, and more, can now be stored. Other improvements include multi-delete capability, batch file uploads, and an ability to view media in icon and list formats. [4]
The core article manager is simpler.[6] Gone are dual editor areas from Joomla! 1.0. Now, a single editor with a "Read More" button for separating the introduction from the full article, supports a more natural writing process.[8] A very popular improvement is Joomla!'s new image manager enabling you to browse media folders to select and insert images directly into your article as you write. [7]There is also more control of article pagination than before.
The complexity of choices and steps in the menu manager for Joomla! 1.0 have been completely redesigned for 1.5 in favor of simplicity and elegance.[1] Usability improvements, such as the ability now to change the menu type[3], make changing your site much simpler. Any menu item can now be used to designate the default page. Selecting menu types is now an elegant drill down process supported by a new navigation tree; collapsible parameter sections simplify choices and increase productivity. Other helpful interface improvements include contextual tooltips and the ability to sort any menu manager column. [2]
One of the more significant functional improvements are search engine friendly URLs, easily implemented within the global configuration. With SEF URLs in place, system generated duplicate content is eliminated, greatly improving site search engine optimization.
- Details
- Category: General News
What is a documentation camp?Good question. With the release of Joomla! 1.5 right around the corner, our community has a big need for new documentation on nearly every aspect of Joomla!. In a sentence this documentation camp is a lot of community members working together over the course of a weekend to write up a massive amount of documentation for the soon to be released Joomla! 1.5. We have a very large wishlist of tasks to be accomplished ready and waiting for anyone and everyone who can participate. To make everyone's life easy we have split off tasks into bite-sized items so that no one has to dedicate more time than he or she can afford during the event.
Who benefits?The entire Joomla! community benefits from good documentation. The better our documentation is the easier it is for new people to use and get comfortable with Joomla!. It is also much more likely that whatever issue you are having or thing you cannot figure out is already documented somewhere and you do not have to go searching through the forum or waiting on someone to respond to you for answers. Participating in this event means you are helping yourself as well as everyone else in this community.
Who should participate?Everyone! We have need of everyone from Joomla! Jedi Master to brand new people still struggling with what on earth a mambot is. We need people to answer questions and people to ask questions; people to write from a complete novice's point of view as well as produce very technical, development orientated texts. There is room for everyone, so come one, come all.
How can I participate?I KNEW you wanted to participate! It is quite simple. If you have a local group of Joomla! users you meet up with, consider getting together during the event and join the rest of us in IRC . If you don't have a local group or are registered to attend a physical location then come join everyone in IRC .
This is a perfect opportunity to make new friends in the Joomlaverse and help the community all in one. In the open source spirit we will be working collaboratively using a wiki for most tasks. If you are unsure on how to use a wiki then this is a perfect opportunity to learn with friends.
Keep your eyes on the documentation wiki and join us during the weekend in IRC to get involved... you won't regret it.
Physical LocationsNorth America
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
9AM - 6PM PST (GMT-8) Saturday 19th January 2008
Thanks to The Network Hub for the location and free WI-FI
Brussels, Belgium
10AM - 7PM CET (GMT+1) Monday 21st January 2008
Thanks to the Belgium Local Police for sponsoring the venue
Virtual LocationWorld Wide via IRC
Server: irc.freenode.net
Channel: #joomladocs
Learn how to connect .
- Details
- Category: Project Release News
The Joomla! Project today announced the immediate release of Joomla! 1.0.14 RC1 [Daybreak], the first and hopefully singular release candidate for the 1.0.14 release cycle. Several security issues have been discovered and addressed for this release. While the required changes are not significant, the number of impacted files are significant and we need your help. Before this release is declared stable we need to ensure that it works as well for you as it does for us.
Those of you that are able and willing please download a copy of 1.0.14 RC1 and test it on a backup copy of your live site. Make sure that the system works as good or better than Joomla! 1.0.13, our current stable release. Any issues that you find please report in the 1.0.x Bug Tracker. If you have questions on how to report a bug you should read the how-to and then if you still have questions please feel free to ask them in our 1.0.x Quality and Testing forum.
Since this release fixes security vulnerabilities, once you have verified on a backup of your site that everything works as expected we suggest that you upgrade your live site to this release.


text:
Can Kerry beat the odds?
The New New Nevada
When I say there are thousands of newcomers, I'm not kidding. Nevada has been the country's fastest growing state for 17 years running. This trend makes life easy for real-estate agents but miserable for campaign workers. According to Billy Vasiliadis, the "What happens in Vegas stays in Vegas" ad guy (and a Democratic bigwig), you have to "re-win" the state every time. "It's not like, for example, the Cubans in Florida," he says. "There are no organized minority groups here, or seniors' groups, because the population is so transient. That makes it very hard to find and recruit voters."
Of Nevada's rapid growth last year, 79 percent came in Clark County. At first glance, this number would seem to aid Kerry's chances. Many of these arrivals were Latinos (coming for low-wage casino jobs) who can be expected to trend Democratic. (The massive Culinary Workers Union, which represents most casino workers, has fought hard to organize its members for Kerry.) But registering Latino voters has been tough. Casino employees work odd hours, so it's hard to find them at home, and Latinos whose households include illegal aliens tend to fear registration.
Meanwhile, the other big influx here has been that of retirees, who in Nevada trend conservative. They've retired here for lower taxes, and with no school-age children, they're loath to cough up money for government services that they could be spending at the slots.
Sneaky Ballot Initiatives
Democrats here have pushed a ballot initiative that raises Nevada's minimum wage. It's getting big support, particularly from casino workers. This should help Kerry. Why? Because the true goal of this initiative isn't to raise the minimum wage, but rather to motivate left-leaning voters to turn out on Election Day.
Hotshot Dems
Nevada's senior senator, Democrat Harry Reid, nearly lost his job in his 1998 re-election bid. So, Reid geared up for the fight of his life this November, bringing in a slew of hired-gun strategists. When the big fight never really materialized—Reid's expected opponent dropped out, and the GOP replacement faltered—all this imported talent stuck around and turned its sights on the presidential race, boosting party registration, and devising get-out-the-vote tactics.
Economic Outlier
For all these potential Kerry assets, there's one big Bush advantage: Kerry can't play the economy card here. While other swing states have been crushed by job losses, Nevada has done just fine, thank you. The tourist industry has recovered from 9/11, and work is plentiful. As a result, one of Bush's main vulnerabilities is a strength here.
So, who'll win? Were I a betting man, I'd bet on Bush. Default goes to the GOP here, and Kerry will need massive Clark County turnout to score an upset. But real hope still exists for Kerry.
In a nod to Nevada tradition, I'd hoped to offer some odds for this election. But while there are online odds posted for Florida (Bush is favored as I write this), and Ohio (Kerry at the moment), I can find no propositions regarding Nevada. Even the handicappers, it seems, deem this race too close to call.


text:
A prototypical cricket sound.
The sound of crickets in Oregon somewhere between Portland and the coast.
Birds singing in oostduinen park in Scheveningen, The Netherlands. Recorded with a zoom H4n using a Sony ECM-678/9X Shotgun Microphone. ...
Magical wand spell casting sound. Cartoon-friendly. Mix of edits of these following sounds - CC0 at time of mixing: http://www.freesound.org/people/vrodge/sounds/119543/ ...
Milk steamed in a ceramic mug, espresso shot pulled, pouring coffee. iPhone 6 using the Voice Memos app.
A barista making a latte and calling out the order, a larger bistro that is full of people and conversation.
One of my dogs, barking and yelping. Recorded on a Zoom H4n recorder.
grilling meat. (H4-recorder@Home)
barking dog sound
Several classic pool splashes.
Throwing rocks into the calm river water. Early morning, February 21 near Clark Fork River. No credit necessary, but as ...
Field-Recording Waves crashing at the beach on a windy day in Warrnambool. Recorded on a smartphone Recorded by Colleen Hughson
The splash of a stone falling into water.
Two little girls saying "Mmm" as if something smells or tastes good
A little girl saying "Mmm" as if something smells or tastes good


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I'm in for $100. What About You?
I'll put my money where my mouth is. I'm in for $100.00 for Nikki Haley's campaign. Guys, this is more about us than anyone else. Are we willing to support the candidates who support us?The left will pour money into the campaigns of incumbents and new people who are pledged to fight for them. But will we? Most people don't think we will. And in | Read More »


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A leader in wrist technology, comes a new smart power series featuring multi-mission combination LC Analog and 10 Year Battery. Its large case and button design, easy-to-read information such as a World Time map and analog LC display. Additional features include a 1/100th stopwatch, 24hr countdown timer and 5 alarms.
Digital dial with world map display
World time; LED light
1/100th seconds stop watch; 5 alarms
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12/24 hour formats; Countdown timer
Water-resistant to 330 feet (100 M)
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