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Mark Ames at Pandohttps://pando.com/author/markamespando/2016-03-11T18:46:21+00:00© PandoOligarchy in the USA2016-03-11T17:00:00+00:002016-03-11T18:46:21+00:00https://pando.com/2016/03/11/oligarchiya-usa/
A handy guide to the Russian billionaires snapping up chunks of Gawker, Uber and other influential American assets.
© PandoMark Ameshttps://pando.com/author/markamespando/Nondisclosure Nation: A History, From Ober to Assange2016-02-04T17:02:00+00:002016-02-04T18:04:26+00:00https://pando.com/2016/02/04/nondisclosure-nation-history-ober-assange/
Editor's Note: A UN panel has reportedly ruled that Julian Assange is being detained unlawfully in London. This seems like a good time to revisit Mark Ames' comprehensive history of non-disclosure agreements (from Ober to Assange) first published in NSFWCORP's print edition in July 2013. The piece has never before been available online.

NSFWCORP is now part of Pando and Mark's latest work appears right here -- but the NSFWCORP team is also reuniting temporarily to cover the 2016 election. For more details visit their Patreon page.

* * * *

Nondisclosure Nation: Part I

"If [Snowden] were charged with relatively minor leaking offenses I wouldn't be outraged" Glenn Greenwald

"There's no question today that [the government secrecy apparatus is] far, far worse... primarily through secrecy agreements. The development of those secrecy agreements really made what we have today possible." —Christopher Pyle, Army whistleblower who exposed illegal military domestic surveillance program during Vietnam War

A couple of weeks ago, I got a prickly message from Julian Assange's Twitter account, @WikiLeaks. It was in response to an article I'd tweeted about how Assange had made his WikiLeaks colleagues sign non-disclosure agreements. The penalty for breaking the contract was reportedly $19 million.

Julian was not amused:

@wikileaks:

@MarkAmesExiled We used to like your writing in Exiled mark. Exiled also had the best book review "The Revenge of the Second Banana."

(The book review Assange referenced was Ramon Glazov's brilliant takedown of Daniel Domscheit-Berg's tell-all memoir, "Inside WikiLeaks," published in The eXiled in 2011.)

Yep, Julian Assange nailed me with the ol' "your first album was your best" zinger – been getting zung with that one for a good 15 years already. If you're in the business of offending people, it goes with the territory.

But judging by his bitchy tweet, it seems Assange misunderstood my complaint about his nondisclosures. He assumed I was merely "gotcha"-ing him, catching him with his hand in the hypocrisy jar. And, yes, it is a glaring anomaly that a leader of a guerrilla movement dedicated to waging war on secrecy suddenly turns around on his own WikiLeaks comrades, and enforces censorship and secrecy contracts that threaten them with ruin should they dare live by the same high ideas about openness demanded of everyone else.

The hypocrisy is annoying, but Assange was seriously missing the point. When it comes to radical projects and politics, I'm less bothered by hypocrisy than a lot of people are —hypocrisy is undoubtedly offensive, but every successful radical project fighting against overwhelming Death Star odds has to adapt and mutate, sometimes almost unrecognizably so, but only if that mutation has been fully fleshed out and worked into the bigger politics.

Far more serious than the question of whether or not Assange is a hypocrite in the general sense is his use of nondisclosures, in particular, as a tool of secrecy and oppression...
© PandoMark Ameshttps://pando.com/author/markamespando/All the billionaire's men (Or: Shattered Glenn)2016-02-03T17:00:00+00:002016-02-05T17:35:16+00:00https://pando.com/2016/02/03/all-billionaires-men-or-shattered-glenn/

"It is one thing for a journalist to make a mistake; like everyone, they all do that at some point. But to expressly lie about your sources in order to make your assertions seem more substantial is as serious a journalistic breach as can be committed."

—Glenn Greenwald (2006)

Silicon Valley billionaire Pierre Omidyar's flagship publication, The Intercept, has suffered through a series of humiliating failures in its first two years, but the newest bombshell, which dropped yesterday, is an entirely different matter. The publication had its own digital Stephen Glass.

Correspondent Juan Thompson was caught inventing entire stories, sources and quotes in his year-plus time with the publication, about half of its existence. The practice apparently continued under two different editors: John Cook and Betsy Reed.

It's the sort of editorial failure that would destroy most fledgling publications. The New Republic is nearly a century old, and yet it never quite recovered from its Stephen Glass failure. Neither has the New York Times completely overcome its Jayson Blair scandal — in fact public editor Margaret Sullivan recently attributed some of the newspaper's over-caution in pursuing stories like Snowden's to lingering institutional damage from its 2003 Jayson Blair scandal...
© PandoMark Ameshttps://pando.com/author/markamespando/The Gary Johnson Swindle and the Degradation of Third Party Politics2016-01-08T17:00:00+00:002016-01-08T18:24:54+00:00https://pando.com/2016/01/08/gary-johnson-swindle-and-degradation-third-party-politics/
EDITOR'S NOTE: Earlier this week, Gary Johnson, the libertarian former governor of New Mexico, threw his hat into the presidential ring.

To mark the occasion, I dug through the old NSFWCORP archives (now owned by Pando) for our coverage of Johnson's unsuccessful 2012 bid for the White House.

You can read Mark Ames' and Max Blumenthal's interview with Johnson here. Below, originally published on election day 2012, is Mark's brilliant essay on "The Gary Johnson Swindle and the Degradation of Third Party Politics." Read this before (or immediately after) you read any of the countless hot takes that will likely be published elsewhere about Johnson in the coming days and weeks.
© PandoMark Ameshttps://pando.com/author/markamespando/Interview with a Weed Nazi: Mark Ames and Max Blumenthal talk to Gary Johnson2016-01-08T17:00:00+00:002016-01-08T18:24:54+00:00https://pando.com/2016/01/08/interview-weed-nazi-mark-ames-and-max-blumenthal-talk-gary-johnson/
EDITOR'S NOTE: Earlier this week, Gary Johnson, the libertarian former governor of New Mexico, threw his hat into the presidential ring.

His entry is seen by many as a response to the damp squib campaign being waged by fellow libertarian Rand Paul.

Johnson is considered by many supporters to be a "true" libertarian, as opposed to Paul who they see as a watered down, voter-friendly version of his father, Ron Paul. That may well be true: Johnson wants to maximize gun ownership, stop the US paying foreign aid and abolish the IRS (and all personal income taxes) . He also announced his candidacy not in the mainstream press but in an interview with controversial Libertarian bible, Reason magazine.

Then again, Johnson quickly had to walk back some very non-libertarian campaign pledges including a total ban on wearing the burqa in public. In the Guardian, Jeb Lund wrote that Johnson isn't libertarian, but rather "a pro-pot Trump."

In 2012, the last time Johnson ran campaigned to become president, I was still editing NSFWCORP, which I later sold to Pando. Back then, I sent Mark Ames (now Pando Senior Editor) to Chicago to attend the third party debate. While there he and (journalist and son of Clinton advisor, Sidney) Max Blumenthal were able to track down Johnson and ask him a few questions about issues close to their heart. That interview was fascinating then, and still eye-popping now. The full piece, originally published in November 2012, is below. You can also read Mark's essay on Johnson here...
© PandoMark Ameshttps://pando.com/author/markamespando/The "white-slaver" awakens: It's not Disney to whom George Lucas should be apologizing2016-01-05T17:00:00+00:002016-01-06T00:31:16+00:00https://pando.com/2016/01/05/white-slaver-awakens-how-george-lucas-suppressed-employees-wages-while-becoming-multibillionaire/
George Lucas ended his 2015 in controversy, describing Disney—owners of the Star Wars franchise—as "white slavers" . He quickly apologized. To Disney.

Rather than apologizing to a $170bn corporation for hurting its feelings, Lucas should probably apologize to all of his employees from the mid-1980s onwards, and to the tens of thousands of VFX animators and tech engineers and others caught up in the massive wage-fixing cartel that spread across industries and oceans until it was busted up by the Department of Justice in 2010.

Better yet, he could pay back some of the stolen wages that VFX tech workers are seeking in a class action antitrust lawsuit that grew out of the landmark Silicon Valley wage-theft lawsuit...
© PandoMark Ameshttps://pando.com/author/markamespando/The last time an American tycoon exploited terrorism2015-12-23T17:00:00+00:002015-12-23T15:30:43+00:00https://pando.com/2015/12/23/last-time-american-tycoon-exploited-terrorism/
We're in new terrorism panic, with polls showing Americans' fear of terror attacks hitting levels not seen since right after 9/11.

And those terrorism fears are being exploited by a flamboyant billionaire businessman, conflated with nativist anxieties over Mexican immigrants and Syrian refugees.

It seems to be an American tradition, these plot elements combining together: Terrorism panic and xenophobia, exploited by a celebrated business tycoon for his own gain. The clearest — and ugliest — example of this was the Molly Maguires terrorism panic that swept America the 1870s: an alleged secret international Irish Catholic conspiracy to terrorize and murder Americans, and spread mayhem across the country in order to destroy our cherished way of life...
© PandoMark Ameshttps://pando.com/author/markamespando/Has Pando missed the heart of the Uber problem? A transportation industry expert writes...2015-12-01T17:01:00+00:002015-12-01T18:19:43+00:00https://pando.com/2015/12/01/has-pando-missed-heart-uber-problem-transportation-industry-expert-writes/
Editor's note: In response to my article on Convoy, "the Uber of trucking," Pando received the following response from Hubert Horan, by one of the early advisers/architects of the trucking deregulation in the 1970s and a well-known transportation industry expert.

The letter is fascinating, insightful, and critical. I don't agree with his characterizations of some of my arguments; but I do agree with his own arguments and explanations in this letter, and more than that, I appreciate the time and serious effort Horan put into this letter to educate all of us. Few people in America have his decades-long industry perspective and his unique political insights on the politics of transportation, antitrust, markets, and tech. Here's the letter in full.

-Mark Ames

...

Has Pando missed the heart of the Uber problem?

As an avid Pando subscriber/supporter, I wanted to raise some serious concerns with your November 4th Convoy post...
© PandoMark Ameshttps://pando.com/author/markamespando/Turkey shoots down Russian plane: Wars have a funny way of taking on a life of their own2015-11-24T17:32:00+00:002015-11-25T17:48:07+00:00https://pando.com/2015/11/24/turkey-shoots-down-russian-plane-wars-have-funny-way-taking-life-their-own/
Turkey just shot down a Russian fighter jet along its border.

Both Russian pilots are reportedly dead, with one corpse already photographed by gloating Syrian jihadis and tweeted out through social media. Shortly afterwards, a Russian rescue helicopter went down in the area, according to reports.

The Pentagon is already distancing itself from Turkey, calling it a matter between Turkey and Russia. Putin's initial reaction, calling Turkey's action a "stab in the back" and promising a response, is about as angry and hot-headed as I've seen Putin since he first came to power in 1999 in the wake of a series of apartment building bombings in Moscow and southern Russia, vowing "if we find them [Chechen rebels] on the shitter, we'll whack them in the outhouse."

Putin followed through on his threat—with a gruesome war, filtration camps, and years of death squads. (I wrote about those brutal wars in Chechnya and the messed up neocon oil geopolitics in the Caspian region for NSFWCORP here, here, and here).

Wars have a funny way of taking on a life of their own. The protagonists tend to lose control over the plot lines, the narrative threads. Syria is that kind of war, an overlap of wars and agendas that has made it almost impossible for anyone—especially our media scolds—to make black and white, good guys/bad guys sense of.

But there are some things to keep in mind, as events get away from us, and our media hacks mangle and distort pretty much everything you'll see and read over the next days and weeks:

Turkey shot down the Russian plane on the border of Syria's Latakia province—the coastal home base of Syria's Alawites, the tribe that Syrian leader Bashar Assad comes from—and Turkey's Hatay province. As the War Nerd explained a few years ago, Turks are extremely sensitive over any violation of Hatay province, which had belonged to Syria until 1940, when France handed it to Turkey as a gift to keep them from siding with Germany in another world war. To quote the War Nerd on a minor incident a few years ago, when a few Syrian mortars landed in Turkey's Hatay province: "So when a few Syrian mortar shells landed in Hatay Province, on the south coast of Turkey, foam started to form on the lips of every Turkish nationalist, which is to say, everybody in Turkey (minus the Kurds). And the fact that Hatay Province isn't really 'Turkish' territory—well, that just makes the Turks more determined to hold onto it."

Russia has been bombing the Al Qaeda-affiliated al-Nusra in Latakia province, as well as the 1st Coastal Division of the FSA, which is backed by Qatar. Latakia is not only the home base for the ruling Alawites, it's also the home to the main Russian airbase.

There's a serious dispute over whether or not Russia actually violated Turkey's airspace, but even by Turkey's version, the Russian SU-24 flew over a small little thumb of Turkish territory that extends into Syria. (See the radar map at the bottom of this Al Jazeera article.)

Turkey is the main supporter of ISIS. See this comprehensive and damning report by Columbia University's David Phillips, listing all the ways, financial and otherwise, that Turkey supports ISIS.

There is much more to the Turkey-Russia rivalry than ISIS: The oil-rich Caucasus region and Central Asia. Turkey has been playing a careful double-game with and against Russia for influence in Chechnya and the North Caucasus. Turkey also played a central role in the fight for control over Caspian Sea oil distribution. Whereas the Soviet/Russian empire used to control the flow of oil out of Azerbaijan to market, today, thanks to the Baku-Ceyhan oil pipeline backed by a consortium of western oil companies, oil from Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan can circumvent Russian territory by traveling through Georgia and out through the Turkish port at Ceyhan. Turkey's influence in the region is linguistic and cultural as well—Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan speak a Turkic language, as do other Central Asian countries Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan.

As the War Nerd noted earlier, the Syrian regime decided to stock up almost exclusively on Russian air defense systems, many of which are very good. Now we're starting to see why. With Hillary talking about setting up a "no fly zone" in Syria, and Turkey bombing Kurdish rebels, those surface-to-air systems could start wreaking havoc on Turkey and other non-Russian planes flying over the region.

The range of possible responses Putin has at his disposal is so large, one wonders what the Hell Turkey was thinking. (See point #1...) Russia has long deep ties with Kurdish rebels, both inside Turkey and along Turkey's borders. Russia is crucial to Turkey's economy: Turkey gets 57% of its natural gas imports from Russia, Russia is Turkey's second largest trading partner, and its second-largest source of tourists. (See this Bloomberg article.)

Russia will just have to play and replay the shooting down of its jet, and the Syrian rebels gloating over the dead pilots, to see Putin's already sky-high popularity ratings push even higher. Ukraine's top political figures are gloating in support of Turkey, something that's not going over well in Europe and France especially. Point being: this is working out wonderfully for Putin.

In fact, if there's any conspiracy I can make sense of with what's gone on over the past year and a half, it's that anti-Russia neocons and their pals have been doing everything possible to increase Putin's popularity and power at home, in order to build him up as an even more plausible villain over here. Or maybe they're straight-up Putin moles. But that of course gives everyone, especially these idiots, too much credit.

Today it looks like Russia is gaining the biggest advantage from the mess in Syria. But all that could change on a dime. Wars are funny that way.
© PandoMark Ameshttps://pando.com/author/markamespando/Silicon Valley vs Civilization2015-11-17T17:00:00+00:002015-11-17T18:16:54+00:00https://pando.com/2015/11/17/silicon-valley-vs-civilization/
Late in September, Mark Zuckerberg was pictured hugging India prime minister Narendra Modi at Facebook's Menlo Park headquarters.

About the same time, on the other side of the world in Modi's India, a Hindu lynch mob broke into a local Muslim family's home and bludgeoned to death 50-year-old Mohammad Akhlaq by smashing in his skull, and then dragged him through the streets of Bisara, a village just 30 miles north of the capital New Delhi. The mob also bashed in his 22-year-old son's head, leaving him in a coma with severe brain damage, and sexually assaulted the dead man's daughter.

It was just the latest in a series of increasingly gruesome attacks by Hindu extremists, reportedly inspired and encouraged by Modi's far-right political party, and affiliated grassroots organizations like the notorious RSS, a paramilitary group established in the 1920s explicitly modeled after Mussolini's and Hitler's paramilitaries, through the ranks of which Modi rose to power. For weeks, Modi kept menacingly quiet about the lynching, one of several this year, while his ministers and party officials fanned the flames...
© PandoMark Ameshttps://pando.com/author/markamespando/


text:
Bernie Clark, executive vice president and head of Schwab Advisor Services (Photo: Business Wire)
Bernie Clark, Executive Vice President And Head Of Schwab Advisor Services (Photo: Business Wire)
Bernie Clark, executive vice president and head of Schwab Advisor Services, revealed new Schwab research on " Generation Now" - affluent individuals between the ages of 30 and 45 who are following on the heels of advisors' current pre-retired or retired clients. Schwab believes these affluent investors, who currently control nearly $3.5T in investable assets, 1 represent one of the most significant opportunities for RIA firm growth in the decade ahead."The findings from our Charles Schwab Generation Now Study for RIAs give RIAs an important window into who these individuals are, how they think and feel about the world around them, what matters to them, how they make decisions and their attitudes about investing, finances and advice," said Clark. "We are excited because the research clearly shows that the RIA model is right for these individuals, and these insights provide a jumping off point for us to work together to construct the strategies for growth and transition that will help enable RIAs to continue their success." 'Generation Now' According to Schwab's latest Independent Advisor Outlook Study (IAOS), advisors report that 40 percent of their clients are retired and 30 percent are less than ten years from retirement. Among clients who are already retired, 60 percent are drawing down assets, including principal, from their portfolios. Acquisition of future assets has become an important opportunity for many in the industry. In the Generation Now Study (so named to reflect the immediate opportunity this group represents for independent advisors), Schwab Advisor Services set out to understand the investing mindset of this group in order to share insights and work with RIAs to understand implications for everything from client service and talent management to succession and legacy planning.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Vonnie Mae Riley, 86, died Monday (May 21, 2007) at Community Hospital in McCook.
She was born April 8, 1921, at Hiwasse, Kan., to William Albert and Thella Louise Duncan. She received her elementary education at Hiwasse before moving to Elgin, Kan.
On March 9, 1938, she married Gilbert Riley at Sedan, Kan. They lived at Gravette, Ark., before moving to Imperial in 1948. They later moved to Cambridge and in 1955 they moved to Culbertson. In 1956 they moved to McCook, where they spent the remainder of their married lives.
She was preceded in death by her parents; her husband Gilbert on Jan. 27, 1991, five brothers, three sisters and a granddaughter, Lori Hoff.
Survivors include two sons, Marvin Riley and wife, Shirley of Indianola, and Charles Riley and wife, Vivian of McCook; two daughters, Cleta Baumfalk and husband Eugene, of McCook and Sharon Meints and husband, Neal of Glade Park, Colo.; one brother, Lewis Duncan of Elgin, Kan.; 16 grandchildren; 20 great-grandchildren; and three great great grandchildren.
Funeral services will be 10:30 a.m., Friday at Herrmann Memorial Chapel in McCook with the Rev. Jon Albrecht officiating, Interment will be at Memorial Park Cemetery in McCook.
Memorials may be given in her name and friends may call at Herrmann Funeral Home from 9 a.m.- 9 p.m.
Herrmann Funeral Home of McCook is in charge of arrangements.


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US: Deckers Outdoor completes Sanuk shoe deal
By just-style.com | 6 July 2011
US footwear group Deckers Outdoor Corp has completed its purchase of action sport and footwear brand Sanuk.
The US$120m deal includes certain assets and liabilities of Sanuk USA LLC and of C&C Partners, the exclusive licensee for the Sanuk brand in the US, Europe and Canada.
"We are very excited to have completed this compelling acquisition and add Sanuk to our portfolio of brands," said Deckers president, CEO and chairman of the board, Angel Martinez. "It is a young and innovative company that we believe has great growth potential both here in the United States and overseas."
"We look forward to working closely with the Sanuk team and utilising Deckers' global resources to build on the momentum they have created in the marketplace."
Companies: Deckers Outdoor Corporation
CHINA: TradeCard expands team for Asia growth
TradeCard Inc, the supply chain collaboration platform used by retailers, brands and manufacturers, is expanding in Asia with the addition of former Kurt Salmon consultant Cliff Entrekin to its busine...
US: Deckers Q3 profit boosted by Ugg surge
Footwear business Deckers Outdoor Corporation raised its full-year guidance after third quarter profit rose 49%, driven by the continued strength of the Ugg brand....
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- US Q1 in brief: Wolverine Worldwide, Weyco
Market research


text:
Winners and Losers This Week in Dallas: 4/29/16| 4/29/2016 12:47:36 PM
It's important for us to stop and consider who's up and who's down.Full Story
Read all of our latest online content in one place.
Making Dallas Even Better
2015 was record-breaking for commercial real estate in North Texas. D CEO honors the projects and players that stood out.
The partner at Bankcap Partners is dedicated to growing midsized banks.
The Canadian used business savvy and a lifelong love of hockey to turn around the floundering NHL franchise. Will a Stanley Cup follow?
CEO Scott Boxer is making a success of Richardson-based Service Experts Heating & Air Conditioning—again.
It's important for us to stop and consider who's up and who's down.Full Story
Full Story
The area is actually in the heart of the suburbs.Full Story
Company's successful distracted driving initiative originally launched by former Dallas executive.Full Story
Talking points included DirecTV savings, streaming services and continued expansion in Mexico.Full Story
Low oil prices changed the economics.Full Story
Growth plans for the near future include HQ relocation, executive hires, and additional offices.Full Story
Hilary Lau
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Glenn Hunter
Michael J. Mooney
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A court battle over royalties from the steamy E.L. James trilogy is changing the meaning of business partnerships.
When it comes to beefing up their in-house legal teams, more corporations are taking a "grow your own" approach.
The president and CEO of Ebby Halliday Realtors loves showing dogs.
The head of Corbet Design + Build lives for off-road racing.
The founder and CEO of Bottle Rocket is into cosplay.
The CEO of Stream Energy loves auctioneering.
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Breaks from county and city governments abound in an attempt to lure big corporations—and their employees—to North Texas.
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text:
Medication Aide Update
Posted: 3/23/2016 3:35:09 PM
Next update will be April 9th in Kaufman
This seven hour course fulfills the annual education renewal requirement for Medication Aides. Students will review and update rules and standards, as well as obtain new information relating to responsibilities and requirements for Medication Aides.
Students should be sure to bring their Medication Aide permit number. Tuition is $50 and pre-registration is required.
Schedule for Med Aide Updates
Saturday, February 13th from 9:00 to 5:00 in Palestine*
Saturday, March 12th from 9:00 to 5:00 in Athens*
Saturday, April 9th from 9:00 to 5:00 in Kaufman
Thursday, May 14th from 9:00 to 5:00 in Palestine
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text:
iHerb Customer Reviews
Savings of: $0.49 (10% off)
the taste is not so great
Posted by 4829971529498695874 on Jul 02, 2013
i don't know about the skin detox effects, but i wasn't able to finish my cup of this tea due to the flavor.. it has a very strong flowery smell that gave me a headache - felt like drinking perfume, almost. it wasn't for me.
Not seeing results, don't like the taste at all
Posted by 5554771404664019876 on Apr 22, 2016
Not a fan of the taste which makes it hard to finish the whole tea but I do anyways, but don't see the results.
شاهي ديتوكس not bad
Posted by RehamKSA on Apr 23, 2016
ماعجبني طعمه غريب لكنه مفيد ..
didn;t like the taste
Posted by 5080041785230661053 on Nov 07, 2012
Unfortunately, I didn't like the taste of this tea. Too many herbs.
Taste horrible
Posted by 4914393442625045181 on Nov 14, 2012
I don't like this tea at all.
Posted by 5028993066318338728 on Mar 21, 2013
I like all the Yogi teas I've tried except for this one. It has a really artificial sweet flavour. I guess it's from the stevia leaf. I drank the whole box in an effort to improve my skin tone, but I didn't see any improvement.
Too sweet!
Posted by 5377928669376933269 on Jan 10, 2014
I love the texts on the teabag tags but the taste of this is too sweet for me.
Not for me
Posted by 5676564402277456886 on Jan 26, 2014
I dont really like the taste
Taste alright
Posted by helznguyen on Apr 10, 2014
I like the other flavor more, this one is fine. Although, it supposed to be detox for your skin, I don't think it does anything
향이 별로...
Posted by jy21ever on Dec 11, 2014
저는 블루베리티 향은 좋아하지만 이건 좀.. 싼 껌향이랑...장미향이라기보다는 풀향이 나서 그냥 그렇네요. 마시니까 뒷맛이 달달해서 이상해요. 스플렌다넣은것마냥...효과도 잘 모르겟어요. 카페인도잇고 자주안마시려구요


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Monroe Police Chief Tim Quenzer presented several awards and recognized numerous officers for years of service on Feb. 10, during the regular business meeting of the Monroe City Council. He began his [...]Read More
Superintendent interviews on Feb. 28
Advice from the community will be used by Monroe School Board members as the interviewing starts for the next superintendent on Saturday, Feb. 28, from 7:30 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. at the Administration Bui [...]Read More
Monroe Albertsons became first Haggen
Haggen, a Pacific Northwest grocery chain, will acquire 146 stores as part of the divestment process brought about by the Federal Trade Commission's (FTC) review of the Albertson's and Safeway merger. [...]Read More
City of Monroe seeks applicants for salary commission
The City of Monroe is currently seeking applicants to fill the following vacancies on the Monroe Salary Commission. The first will serve a one-year term ending on Dec. 31, 2015. The second will serve [...]Read More
Transit Board approves Village Way loop
The Community Transit board of directors voted unanimously last week to revise the June 2015 route modifications and include the Village Way loop in Monroe. The route modifications are a part of Commu [...]Read More
Sultan Scouts, Children's Alliance take on Olympia
It was all about the kids down in Olympia last week, as numerous organizations gathered at the state Capitol to advocate for early learning. Sultan residents Julianna Johnson and her sister-in-law Jam [...]Read More
District 39 Reps start to push bills
At nearly a month into the 2015 legislative session, lawmakers in Olympia are busily attending committee meetings, reading bills, talking to constituents and hearing public testimony. District 39 Reps [...]Read More
Police Blotter | Feb. 10, 2015
Jan. 26 Traffic Complaints, 16000 block of SR 2, 1 p.m. Jan. 30 Drug Possession, 26700 block of E. Main St. S.E., 7 a.m. Suicidal Male, 15500 block of Esther Ave. S.E., 8 a.m. Suicidal Female, 20500 [...]Read More
Monroe City Council supports Prop. 1
The Monroe City Council unanimously voted to adopt a resolution proclaiming its support of the Monroe School District's Proposition No. 1, a general obligation bond initiative that will be on the ball [...]Read More
Sultan block watch takes on drugs, crime
Property crime abatement and mitigating the negative impacts of drug addiction were two of the key topics during the Sultan Community Block Watch organization's first meeting of 2015. Facilitated by B [...]Read More


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Sheep Breed Improvement
Creating core nucleus herds is an objective of the second priority area of the National Livestock
Program (NLP). The activity modeled is a nucleus sire flock with multiplier flocks that provide
breeding animals to ordinary producers. The sire flock is maintained by selecting 20 breeding
animals, 7 of which are replaced each year to ensure the quality of the sire flock. The analysis is
based on one sire flock per soum, integrated with a multiplier flock of 1,000 ewes that are used
to multiply the F1 generation, which is then sold to individual herders to breed at the production
The eastern steppe region is the geographical focus for improvement of sheep breeds.
The proposed nationally appropriate mitigation action (NAMA) supports sire flocks in 35 soums
in 5 aimags in this region. At this scale of implementation, sheep breeding activities supported
through the proposed NAMA would reach about 10% of the national breeding stock. In general,
the value of live animal or mutton sales is much larger than the value of wool sales. So, although
the NLP has a target to increase the number of fine-wool sheep, the assessment here focuses
on the effects of increased productivity on the intensity of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
per kilogram of meat sold, and considers economic benefits to sire and multiplier enterprises,
as well as to final producers.
Beef Breed Improvement
Cattle account for about a quarter of Mongolia's livestock GHG emissions. Limiting the number
of cattle is an explicit policy priority of national GHG mitigation plans, which will require increased
cattle productivity. The activity modeled is introduction of F1 bulls of an improved breed
crossbred with Mongolian cattle that are then used to produce F2 cattle for sale.b
For each soum,
initially 10 F1 bulls are introduced, increasing to 46 bulls by the third year of implementation. The
resulting F2 crossbreeds are sold at 18 months. The NLP lists Khangai as the priority region for
beef cattle development (i.e., Arkhangai, Zavhan, and Khovsgol aimags). The proposed NAMA
promotes replication of the soum model in 17 soums in these three aimags. At the proposed
scale of NAMA implementation, the activity would produce up to 85,000 cattle for sale each
year, which is roughly equivalent to 19% of the beef cattle slaughtered in Mongolia in 2011.
Dairy Cow Breed Improvement
Dairy cattle have high methane emissions, but increasing the productivity of dairy cows can
reduce the intensity of GHG emissions per liter of milk. The second priority area of the NLP
lists targets for increasing the average milk yield of dairy cows from 1,769 liters per lactation
to 3,200 liters per lactation. The activity modeled is breed improvement through artificial
insemination, including establishment of the cold-chain infrastructure required for delivery of
artificial insemination services. Because of large investment costs in the cold chain required for
artificial insemination delivery, a generic model is developed for the aimag rather than the soum
level, with extension services from aimags to producers via the soum. The proposed NAMA
activity assumes the aimag-level scale of 3,000 dairy cows inseminated per year is replicated
in five aimags to reach 15,000 cows per year. This is approximately twice the current number of
improved dairy cows in Mongolia.
Fodder Production
Increased fodder processing is a target of the NLP, and one priority action 220.127.116.11 of the NLP
encourages "cultivation of high nutrient animal feed" to supply processing factories. Other
continued on next page
Key Elements for a Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action in the Grassland and Livestock Sector
priority actions promote the production, storage, and processing of hay. Target 4.6 of the NLP
proposes to increase the volume of prepared fodder by 46% between 2012 and the end of the
NLP in 2021. GHG emission reductions through fodder production would mainly be realized
through increased livestock productivity, which reduces the intensity of GHG emissions per
unit of product. The activities assessed are the production of wheat, alfalfa, and hay to support
increased dairy cow yields at a scale required to support the dairy artificial insemination
program outlined above. Wheat and alfalfa are grown under irrigated conditions, while hay
production is unirrigated. The economic benefits are assessed in terms of increased revenues
from milk production. Reflecting the scale of implementation of the dairy breed improvement
program, the level of fodder production activities in the proposed NAMA would support fodder
production on an area equivalent to about 2% of the wheat sown area in Mongolia's five main
agricultural aimags, alfalfa production on an area equivalent to the current area sown to fodder
crops, or hay production on an area equivalent to about 3% of the current hay production area
in the five main agricultural aimags.
Grassland Management
Improving grassland management is a priority area of the NLP. In addition to technical
measures for improved grassland management, creating an enabling legal environment and
establishing supportive institutional arrangements are important near-term policy objectives.
In areas where degradation is driven by overgrazing, maintaining herders' incomes while
reducing grazing intensity requires a combination of community institution building, improved
livestock management, and improved livestock product marketing. In the soums, the
activity assessed involves pasture user groups holding contracts with the soum governor
for improved grassland management activities, supported by livestock breed improvement,
fodder conservation, and livestock product marketing activities implemented by herder
cooperatives. In each soum, about 30,000 hectares is put under improved management,
and the proposed NAMA-level implementation is replicated in two soums in each of the four
aimags (i.e., Zavkhan, Arkhangai, Khovsgol, and Bulgan) where grazing intensity has been
identified as a major driver of grassland degradation.
Milk Processing
The fifth priority area of the NLP provides targets for increasing the supply of processed milk.
While increased total output may raise absolute levels of GHG emissions, increased efficiency
throughout the supply chain can reduce the GHG intensity of production. It is estimated that
one-third of the milk produced is wasted in traditional supply chains in Mongolia. The activity
assessed is the reduction of postharvest milk losses by establishing a decentralized network
of milk processing units that increases herders' access to milk sales points. The NLP aims to
increase the output of processed milk products by 460% during 2012–2021 (NLP indicator
5.3)—a very ambitious target. Analyses in this study assess the mitigation potential of achieving
10% of this target through a mix of small (100 liters/day), medium (400 liters/day), and large
(2,000 liters/day) processing units; and economic benefits assessed include benefits for the
processing unit and supplying herders enabled to sell additional milk.
The F1 generation is the first-generation offspring resulting from a cross between two breeds.
The F2 generation is the second-generation offspring resulting from a cross involving at least one
F1 animal.
Box 2 continued
Making Grasslands Sustainable in Mongolia: Assessment of Key Elements of NAMAs for Grassland and Livestock Management
Eight types of activity were selected for further in-depth analysis in this study. The activities
were selected on the basis that (i) they are explicitly mentioned in or are in line with the sub-
objectives of the NLP, (ii) they have potential to reduce GHG emissions, and (iii) sufficient
data are available to enable assessment of mitigation potential and costs and benefits.
The selected activities are in Table 3, and a description of each activity type analyzed
is in Box 2.20
Despite their great importance to the livestock sector in Mongolia and the
potentially significant contributions to both mitigation and adaptation, livestock health
interventions were not selected for analysis, due to the lack of data on morbidity and
mortality rates and their effects on livestock productivity. Nonetheless, it is recommended
that further analysis of animal health activities is undertaken in the future.
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Potential of Selected National
Livestock Program Activities
Some sources of climate finance target support to national readiness for NAMA
implementation and may not have strict requirements for the quantified GHG benefits
attributed to the actions funded.21
However, other sources of finance may relate payments
to performance, and are thus dependent on the delivery of quantified GHG emission
reduction outcomes. A NAMA proposal is expected to specify the potential GHG emission
reductions due to implementation of the actions.
Table 4 presents the results of the analysis of GHG emissions in the baseline and NAMA
scenarios for each of the selected activities. For sheep-, beef-, and dairy-breeding activities,
the GHG mitigation potential is estimated as a result of increased animal productivity,
which reduces the intensity of GHG emissions per unit of livestock product output. Total
emission reductions are therefore achieved by lowering the GHG intensity of production
without reducing—or even while increasing—total output. Reductions in emissions
intensity of 9%–29% are feasible for different activities. For grassland management, soil
carbon sequestration is the main source of GHG removal from the atmosphere. This can be
estimated on a per hectare basis. For milk-processing activities, the emissions intensity of
milk production remains unchanged between the baseline and NAMA scenarios, but lower
postharvest rates of milk loss in the NAMA scenario mean that the milk supply required
by a processing unit of a given capacity can be met from lower absolute production levels
and thus with lower total emissions per year, reducing the GHG emissions incurred in
supplying each milk processing unit by about 9%.
The mitigation potential of each activity depends on the emissions indicators in Table
5 and the scale of implementation assumed for each activity. At the implementation
scales outlined in Box 2, grassland carbon sequestration has a much higher mitigation
potential during 2013–2020 than the other activities identified.22
The activities promoting
livestock emission reductions are each estimated to have an emission reduction potential
Basic information on grassland management activity was obtained from a project supported by the Swiss
Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) described in Unique Forestry and Land Use. 2013.
Grassland Carbon Sequestration in Mongolia: Opportunities to Improve Herders Livelihoods through Markets
and Policies. Freiburg, Germany. Information on the other options was obtained from the World Bank. 2012.
Project Appraisal Document on a Proposed Grant to Mongolia for the Livestock and Agricultural Marketing
Project. Unpublished. For further details of each activity and analysis, see ADB. 2013. Strengthening Carbon
Financing for Regional Grassland Management in Northeast Asia. Consultant's report. Manila (TA 7534-REG).
For an updated summary of climate finance sources, see Climate Funds Update: The Latest Information on
Climate Funds. http://www.climatefundsupdate.org
The rationale for proposing a particular implementation scale for each potential NAMA activity and the
methods of calculation are explained in detail in the final report of this project (footnote 18).
Key Elements for a Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action in the Grassland and Livestock Sector
Table 4: Baseline and Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action Scenario
Greenhouse Gas Emission Indicators per Activity
NAMA Activity
Baseline Emissions
NAMA Emissions
Change (%)
Sheep breeding
15.42 kgCO
2e per kg meat13.07 kgCO
2e per kg meat
Beef breeding
4.86 kgCO
2e per kg meat
4.46 kgCO
2e per kg meat
Dairy artificial
0.69 kgCO
2e per liter
of milk
0.58 kg CO
2e per liter
of milk
Dairy artificial
insemination plus
wheat, alfalfa, or hay
0.58 kgCO
2 per liter of milk
0.45 kgCO
2 per liter of milk
Conservatively assume no
soil carbon emissions in
(0.12) tCO
2e per hectare
per year
Milk processing
823 tCO
2e per 2,000 liter-
per-day processing unit
per year
757 tCO
2e per 2,000 liter-
per-day processing unit
per year
( ) = negative, kg = kilogram, kgCO2e = kilogram of carbon dioxide equivalent, n/a = not applicable,
NAMA = nationally appropriate mitigation action, tCO2e = ton of carbon dioxide equivalent.
Source: Data calculated by the authors.
Table 5: Cumulative Mitigation Potential of Nationally Appropriate
Mitigation Action Activities per Aimag and at Nationally Appropriate
Mitigation Action Level, 2013–2020
Mitigation Option
Cumulative Mitigation
Potential per Aimag
Cumulative Mitigation
Potential at NAMA Level
Sheep breeding
Beef breeding
Dairy artificial insemination
Dairy artificial insemination + wheat
Dairy artificial insemination + alfalfa
Dairy artificial insemination + hay
Grassland management
Milk processing
NAMA = nationally appropriate mitigation action, tCO2e = ton of carbon dioxide equivalent.
Note: The number of aimags implementing each proposed NAMA activity is explained in ADB. 2013. Strengthening
Carbon Financing for Regional Grassland Management in Northeast Asia. Consultant's report. Manila
Source: Data calculated by the authors.
Making Grasslands Sustainable in Mongolia: Assessment of Key Elements of NAMAs for Grassland and Livestock Management
of between 29,000 and 53,000 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO
2e). The fodder
production activities assessed achieve emission reductions by improving the feed intake
of dairy cows. Compared with improving breed productivity through artificial insemination,
additional feeding to increase yields has limited GHG mitigation potential. As the fodder
production emission reductions represent mitigation potentials of alternative sources
of increased fodder for dairy production and are therefore not additive, the estimated
emission reduction potential of all selected NAMA activities together is estimated at about
411,000 tCO
2e during 2013–2020.
Cost–Benefit Analysis of Selected National Livestock Program Activities
The main justifications for promoting mitigation activities in the grassland and livestock
sector are the potential benefits for climate-resilient livelihood development. For livestock
producers, adoption of NAMA activities only makes sense if they are able to achieve
higher risk-adjusted returns than if they did not participate. Table 6 summarizes two
economic indicators for each of the selected NAMA activities. The GHG abatement cost
represents the total discounted net economic benefits (i.e., economic benefit minus capital
investment and operation costs) per tCO
2e mitigated over an 8-year period (2013–2020).
A negative abatement cost indicates net economic benefits to society from reducing GHG
emissions, while a positive abatement cost indicates positive net costs associated with the
mitigation activity. The financial internal rate of return used in this calculation is a measure
of financial returns to an investment in a group of interrelated enterprises, and has been
calculated over an 8-year period (2013–2020). Costs considered include the investment
and operation costs of each activity, while benefits accounted for include those accruing
to the enterprise implementing the activity as well as to herders benefiting from the activity
(e.g., herders' additional incomes from selling improved breeds). A social discount rate
of 12% is taken as the benchmark for assessing whether the financial benefits of each
Table 6: Greenhouse Gas Abatement Costs and Financial Internal Rate of
Return for Each Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action Activity, 2013–2020
Nationally Appropriate
Mitigation Action Activity
Abatement Cost
Financial Internal Rate
of Return FRR/G
Sheep breeding
Beef breeding
Dairy artificial insemination
Wheat production for dairy feed
Alfalfa production for dairy feed
Hay production for dairy feed
Grassland management
Milk processing: 100 liters per day unit
Milk processing: 400 liters per day unit
Milk processing: 2,000 liters per day unit
( ) = negative, tCO2e = ton of carbon dioxide equivalent.
Note: The financial internal rate of return (FRR/G) is the prefinance financial internal rate of return when costs and
benefits to the enterprise receiving investment and to herders integrated with that enterprise are accounted for.
Source: Data calculated by the authors.
Key Elements for a Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action in the Grassland and Livestock Sector
activity justify the allocation of financial resources to each potential NAMA activity, though
other threshold values of the financial internal rate of return could also be chosen.23
The results of the analysis show that, except for the three fodder-production activities, the
selected activities have negative abatement costs (footnote 20). A comparison with other
abatement costs for energy and industry mitigation activities in Mongolia, which mostly
range between –$5 and $10, highlights the considerable financial benefits of improved
grassland and livestock management activities for the incomes of implementing enterprises
and the herders in their supply chains.24
Given that rural poverty rates are still high, income
benefits to herders may also contribute to meeting national poverty reduction objectives.
With the exception of the three fodder production activities, all selected activities have
financial benefits above the 12% benchmark rate of return.
Analysis of the livestock breeding and milk processing options also assessed the sensitivity
of these results to likely changes in livestock mortality rates due to climatic disasters, such
as drought or dzud, and concluded that for all options the average livestock mortality
rate over an 8-year period would have to increase significantly before the activities are
no longer financially viable (Table 7). Analysis of the effect of mortality rates on grassland
management activities also suggested that economic returns would remain positive unless
average mortality rates are several times higher than recent historical rates. This indicates
that the benefits of these options should be robust to short-term climate risks during the
remaining implementation period of the NLP.
Barriers to Adoption
Unless barriers to the adoption of mitigation practices by herders are addressed, there is a
risk that the uptake of activities promoted as part of the NAMA will be low. In general, there
are two groups of barriers to adoption of the measures proposed in the NLP: (i) constraints
on access to technologies and practices faced by herders, and (ii) constraints on the
provision of technologies and practices from the extension system. A NAMA for Mongolia
may have to address constraints on both the demand and supply sides.
Constraints faced by herders. Field surveys of 73 households conducted as part of
the ADB technical assistance project in the eastern steppe region of Mongolia found
ADB. 2007. Theory and Practice in the Choice of Social Discount Rate for Cost-Benefit Analysis: A Survey. Manila.
D. Dagvadorj et al. 2010. Mongolia Assessment Report on Climate Change 2009. Ulaanbaatar: Ministry of
Nature, Environment and Tourism.
Table 7: Livestock Mortality Rates at Which Selected Nationally Appropriate
Mitigation Action Activities Are No Longer Financially Viable
Nationally Appropriate
Mitigation Action Activity
Mean Historical 8-Year Average Mortality Rate
(lower and upper bounds of
95% confidence interval)
Switching Value
of Mortality Rate
Sheep breeding
0.0474 (0.009–0.085)
Beef breeding
0.0654 (0.019–0.096)
Dairy artificial insemination
0.0325 (0.005–0.048)
Source: Data calculated by the authors.
Making Grasslands Sustainable in Mongolia: Assessment of Key Elements of NAMAs for Grassland and Livestock Management
that herders are commonly aware of the impacts of the changing climate on grassland
ecology and livestock production, and that some herders have experience with initiatives
to improve livestock productivity.25
About three-quarters of herders surveyed have
tried to increase the productivity of their animals in the last 5 years. More than half of
those who attempted to increase productivity did this through livestock breeding and
the use of veterinary services, although only about one-third of these herders had their
livestock vaccinated. Less than one-third of the households tried to increase productivity
by improving grazing management and about one-third harvested hay or fed bran as a
forage supplement. Reasons for not harvesting hay included poor biomass growth due to
limited precipitation, and the prohibitive cost of harvesting hay. The survey identified some
constraints to improved grazing management, including the finding that only about 50%
of herders rotated summer pastures. The most common reason given for not adopting
rotational grazing was poor access to water resources (Table 8).
In addition to these constraints on the adoption of productivity-enhancing practices,
the survey indicated that herders commonly do not manage their herds for productivity
maximization. Only about one-third of households indicated that they were selling more
livestock than 5 years ago. About three-quarters of those surveyed stated that this was
because they currently have too few animals and wish to increase their herd size. A
minority also cited lack of marketing opportunities. Among those who were selling more
livestock than 5 years ago, approximately half stated that this was because of household
consumption needs. Only 10 of 58 respondents cited price or other profit-related factors
as an objective of selling more animals, while only 2 households cited productivity
increases. Although herders reported selling slightly younger animals than they did 5
years ago, of the 58 households, 25 sold sheep aged 4 years old or more, indicating low
productivity and forage utilization efficiency. Only one-quarter of households reported
having livestock insurance.
In general, therefore, herders manage their herds as assets, selling to meet consumption
needs or when favorable market opportunities arise. Sales decisions are rarely driven by
productivity or profit-maximization motives. While activities such as breed improvement
are already well-received by a significant proportion of herders, achieving the biophysical
potential of new breeds will require addressing other constraints at the same time, including
those related to animal health, grazing management, forage supply, and marketing.
Innovations in rural credit facilities and lower price inflation may also be needed before
ADB. 2013. Social Development Component Report. Consultant's report. Manila (TA 7534-REG).
Table 8: Proportion of Herders Surveyed Citing Reasons
for Not Rotating Use of Summer Pastures
Proportion (%)
Poor access to water resources
Shortage of pasture resources
Poor cooperation among herders
Lack of transport and/or funds for transport
Note: Percentages may not total 100% because of rounding.
Source: ADB. 2013. Social Development Component Report. Consultant's report. Manila (TA 7534-REG).
Key Elements for a Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action in the Grassland and Livestock Sector
herders become more willing to rely less on livestock and more on the financial system
for asset management. Targeting financial resources or technical extension to support
the adoption of NAMA activities will only address some of the many constraints herders
face. Constraints among commercial livestock enterprises are likely to be different, but no
assessment of such enterprises has been undertaken to date.
Some measures promoted by the NLP also require collaboration between herders.
Examples include community-based breeding initiatives and improved grassland
management. Building community-based organizations and their capacities for sustainable
management of collective enterprises, for example as herder cooperatives, can facilitate
cooperation between households. Grazing management, in particular, is also constrained
by limitations in the legal framework for grassland use rights. Where such rights have not
been granted to defined groups of herders, herders cannot be assured that their efforts to
improve grasslands will not be adversely affected by grazing of other herders' livestock,
and cannot be assured that their own livestock will benefit from improved grasslands.
Some provisions of the 2002 Law of Mongolia on Land allow soum governors to grant
use rights over degraded pastures to groups of herders, and such land use contracts are
increasingly used.26
However, there are also cases where local political will to enforce the
contracts is limited and where soum governors have revoked contracts in preference to
mining interests. Further studies on the barriers to adoption faced by herders would help
in designing effective measures and implementation modalities for NLP activities, as well
as detailed implementation plans for the proposed NAMA.
Constraints on technology extension service provision. The NLP has enabled each soum
to establish an animal health and breeding unit with three staff in each soum. The units are
charged with implementing NLP activities and are the primary cadre of extension workers.
A range of experiences has been gained in agricultural extension approaches through
the work of the national agricultural extension services and with the support of donor
projects. The creation of such units in each soum provides opportunities to further the
reach and impact of the extension system. No formal assessment of the constraints faced
by these or other technology extension service providers has been conducted as of 2013.
An assessment of technical and organizational issues would inform the design of NAMA
activities to address constraints on the supply side of the technology extension system.
Greenhouse Gas Measurement Issues
While most current support for NAMAs targets NAMA development and the creation of
enabling conditions, support for the implementation of NAMAs may attract performance-
based payments. This implies that GHG emission reduction outcomes of NAMA actions
must be measurable, reportable, and verifiable. At present, there are no agreed requirements
for the measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) of mitigation actions in a NAMA
context. MRV requirements will depend on whether the activities are domestically or
internationally supported, and on the demands of domestic and international stakeholders
for the measurement of GHG and sustainable development benefits of the NAMA activities.27
Domestically supported NAMAs are likely to face less stringent requirements, and MRV
would be based on domestic guidelines; whereas, an internationally supported NAMA
would require more stringent MRV that adheres to internationally agreed guidelines, or at
least follows procedures agreed with the source of finance for implementation of the NAMA.
Government of Mongolia. 2002. Law of Mongolia on Land. Ulaanbaatar. faolex.fao.org/docs/texts/mon62064.doc
F. Röser et al. 2011. Annual Status Report on Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action 2011. Utrecht: Ecofys.
Making Grasslands Sustainable in Mongolia: Assessment of Key Elements of NAMAs for Grassland and Livestock Management
Internationally, among the more developed NAMAs that have already outlined MRV
systems, some NAMAs propose to use carbon accounting and monitoring methodologies
that have already been approved by the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).28
mitigation initiatives supported through Japan's Bilateral Offset Credit Mechanism also
use a CDM methodology or other project-level methodologies. There are some existing
methodologies in the international voluntary carbon market and in national or regional
compliance markets that are applicable to livestock management activities, but many are
designed for intensive farms and would require adjustment to be applicable to components
of the NLP. A methodology undergoing approval with the Verified Carbon Standard is
proposed as the basis for carbon benefit accounting and monitoring in the grassland
carbon sequestration pilot project in Tariat soum supported by the Swiss Agency for
Development and Cooperation (SDC).29
Guidelines have been drafted for applying the
methodology in the Mongolian context.30
One constraint of project-level carbon accounting methodologies is their high transaction
Transaction costs can be reduced if MRV for a grassland and livestock NAMA
at national level builds on and is integrated with the national monitoring and evaluation
(M&E) systems of the NLP. To support the development of a NAMA in Mongolia's
grassland and livestock sector, the existing M&E system of the NLP was assessed and
compared to the requirements of a generic carbon accounting methodology based on
the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) national inventory guidelines for
livestock emissions. The application of the Verified Carbon Standard methodology for
grassland carbon sequestration and institutional roles in NAMA MRV are also discussed.
Accounting for Carbon Benefits of Livestock Productivity Interventions
in the National Livestock Program
The main emission sources in livestock production are direct livestock emissions due
to enteric fermentation, and direct and indirect emissions due to manure management.
Other sources may also be relevant, such as the use of energy or machinery in production
processes. The IPCC guidelines outline three approaches that can be adopted to estimate
emissions in the livestock sector.32
A Tier 1 approach uses international default values
based on conservative estimates agreed by the IPCC working groups. A Tier 2 approach
uses nationally developed values that more closely reflect Mongolia's actual situation.
Mongolia's GHG inventory uses nationally defined (Tier 2) values for the main livestock
emission factors, such as enteric fermentation. The generic formula for estimation of
emissions is
livestock activity data u emission factor
See, for example: Y. Okubo, D. Hayashi, and A. Michaelowa. 2011. NAMA crediting: How to assess
offsets from and additionality of policy-based mitigation actions in developing countries. Greenhouse Gas
Measurement and Management. 1. pp. 37 46.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2011. Methodology for Sustainable Grassland
Management. http://v-c-s.org/methodologies/methodology-sustainable-grassland-management-sgm
Unique Forestry and Land Use. 2012. Technical Guidelines on Data Collection for Grassland Carbon Project
Design and Monitoring. Project report to the Swiss Development Cooperation Mongolia Country Office.
T. Tennigkeit et al. 2012. Economics of Agricultural Carbon Sequestration in sub-Saharan Africa. In
E. Wollenberg et al., eds. Climate Change Mitigation and Agriculture. London: Earthscan.
IPCC. 2006. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Volume IV: Agriculture, Forestry
and Other Land Use. Hayama, Japan: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies.
Key Elements for a Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action in the Grassland and Livestock Sector
In a Tier 1 approach, the main activity data in the livestock sector is the number of
livestock of each type. A Tier 2 approach uses nationally appropriate emission factors,
which requires a more detailed characterization of livestock sub-categories and feeding
practices, but follows the same general approach. Estimating changes in emissions due to
changes in livestock management practices requires at least a Tier 2 approach. Because
of the focus on increasing livestock productivity, many of the interventions in the NLP are
likely to reduce emissions per unit of livestock product output (i.e., tCO
2e per kilogram of
product). The generic formula for estimation is
product output
activity data u emission factor
Emission reductions would be estimated as the difference between Emissions
intensity in
the baseline and after NAMA implementation. The year the NLP commenced (2008) could
be taken as the baseline; but in the absence of reliable data for 2008, it would also be
reasonable to take comparable livestock management practices in the absence of NLP
interventions as the baseline against which emission reductions are measured.
The case of beef production is presented for illustration purposes. With small modifications,
the approach could also be used to estimate the effects of changes in feeding practices
and other activities that impact on livestock productivity.33
Table 9 shows the main activity
data required to estimate emissions in the baseline and NAMA scenarios. Tables 10 and
11 show the default values from IPCC or national sources required to estimate emissions.
The main activity data required from direct observation in the monitoring process are the
numbers of each type of animal and their average live weight, and the carcass weight or
net meat yield of each type of animal slaughtered. Other activity data, such as the diet
of different types of animals and the number of days on each diet could be estimated
through national research conducted on a representative sample of herds under different
management systems. The remaining parameters can be estimated using IPCC default
values, and the default values could gradually be replaced by national or region-specific
default values where sensitivity analysis and expert judgment suggest that there would be
significant precision gains from improved values. In this manner, definition of the NAMA
would inform the specification of research needs in the sector. Some countries (e.g.,
Brazil, Guyana, and Uruguay) have begun NAMA implementation even though research
to support measurement has not been completed (footnote 9). Spreadsheets can be
developed containing the default values and enabling staff to enter activity data so that
emission and emission reduction calculations are simple to operate.34
The ways to operationalize collection of monitoring data in the context of the NLP would
depend on the type of intervention and the population of beneficiaries. This is illustrated
with two options related to productivity interventions of the NLP.
Measurement, reporting, and verification arrangements for a sample of well-identified
livestock farms. Where new breeds (or other interventions) are provided primarily to
several farms that are clearly identified in advance (e.g., in NLP funding applications),
See footnote 32, Chapter 10 for equations calculating methane emissions from livestock enteric fermentation
and methane and nitrous oxide emissions from manure management.
A review of several tools that might serve as useful templates for this purpose is available in V. Colomb et al.
2012. Review of GHG Calculators in Agriculture and Forestry Sectors: A Guidance for Appropriate Choice
and Use of Landscape Based Tools. Rome: FAO. The Agriculture and Land Use National Greenhouse Gas
Inventory Software funded by the Government of the United States is freely available at http://www.nrel
Making Grasslands Sustainable in Mongolia: Assessment of Key Elements of NAMAs for Grassland and Livestock Management
there are two potential sources of data: participating farms and sample surveys. Where
farm records are routinely kept (e.g., in larger, commercial farms), the farms can record
their own data. In this case, specialized producers would either document their whole
herd population, including the feeding practices, and offtake weights for all animals
(allowing, for example, the use of averages such as 1 ton of feed for every 50 cattle); or
they would set up a procedure for random sampling of livestock or livestock groups within
the farm. The farm level data would be provided to the local livestock officer for input into
a database, with seasonal or annual reporting to a central monitoring unit. Procedures
could be put in place to ensure the quality of data provided, including internal cross-
checks between reported data and database entries, and spot-checks conducted by the
livestock officers to ensure consistency between observed and documented practices. A
central monitoring unit could also be responsible for data quality assurance tasks. This
option depends on the data recording abilities of participating farm operations, and on the
balance between costs and benefits faced by these farms. If there is no additional benefit
to keeping documentation, then it is not likely to be done in a reliable way.
Another option is for all farms receiving improved breeds (or other support) to be
defined as the population, and sample survey data collected seasonally to represent the
population. Even at high levels of precision (e.g., 95%r5%), for large populations (e.g.,
3,000–30,000 heads of cattle), required sample size is not prohibitively large (fewer than
400 samples). Depending on the physical distribution of the population, sample surveys
could be conducted either by livestock officers or by contracted firms. In either case,
Table 9: Activity Data Required to Quantify Baseline Emissions
Data Source
Number of cattle of different typesHead
Monitoring records
Days on each feed ration
Estimated from sample surveys
of participating farm types
Dry matter intake
Kilograms of dry matter
per head per day
Estimated from sample surveys
of participating farm types
Average weight of animals
slaughtered of each type
Monitoring records
Source: The authors, based on guidance in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2006. 2006
IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Volume IV: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use.
Hayama, Japan: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies.
Table 10: Default Values Required to Quantify Baseline
Enteric Fermentation Emissions
Data Source
Gross energy content of diet
MJ/kg dry matter
IPCC default
Emission factor for enteric fermentation
for each diet
Percentage of methane emitted
per unit of gross energy intake
IPCC default
Energy content of methane
MJ/kg of methane
IPCC default
IPCC = Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, kg = kilogram, MJ = megajoule.
Source: The authors, based on guidance in IPCC. 2006. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories Volume IV: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use. Hayama, Japan: Institute for Global
Environmental Strategies.
Key Elements for a Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action in the Grassland and Livestock Sector
Table 11: Default Values Required to Quantify Baseline
Manure Management Emissions
Data Source
Volatile solids
Gross energy content of dietMJ/kg dry matter
IPCC default
Total digestible nutrients for
each diet
Estimated on the basis of national
surveys of representative farm types
and regions
Urinary energy
IPCC default
Ash content of manure
IPCC default
Maximum methane
producing capacity
4/kg volatile solids
IPCC default
Density of methane
/kg CH
IPCC default
Methane conversion factor
IPCC default
Nitrogen excreted
kg nitrogen per animal
per year
Crude protein content of diet%
Estimated on the basis of national
surveys of representative farm types
and regions
Dietary protein conversion to
dietary nitrogen
kg diet protein/kg nitrogenIPCC default value
Fraction of nitrogen retainedkg retained/kg nitrogen
IPCC default value
CH4 = methane, IPCC = Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, kg = kilogram, m3
= cubic meter,
MJ = megajoule.
Source: The authors, based on guidance in IPCC. 2006. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas Inventories Volume IV: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use. Hayama, Japan: Institute for Global
Environmental Strategies.
methods for quality assurance and quality control should be in place to ensure the quality
of data management processes. Quality control procedures should be established within
the entities responsible for collecting data, and aimag or central monitoring staff could be
responsible for ensuring that data management procedures have been followed, as well
as for cross-checking a certain proportion of data.
Measurement, reporting, and verification for an area-based approach to livestock
productivity interventions. Where livestock productivity interventions are implemented on
an area basis, e.g., geographically dispersed within a specific soum, MRV arrangements
may follow the sampling approach outlined for the sample of well-identified livestock
farms. That is, all households receiving improved breeds (or other support) are defined as
the population, with sample survey data collected seasonally to represent the population.
Nonparticipating farms or households sampled represent the nonimplementation baseline.
In this case, the herds in the soum are defined as the population, and a representative
sample would be surveyed to collect the monitoring data. This may be done either by the
livestock unit staff or by local entities contracted for this purpose. A variant on this approach
would be to survey the current (baseline) production practices in the soum, and use this
data to establish a performance benchmark against which to measure the improvement in
performance of households reached by NLP interventions. For example, data collected in
a soum might indicate that the average emissions intensity of beef cattle is 11 kilograms
Making Grasslands Sustainable in Mongolia: Assessment of Key Elements of NAMAs for Grassland and Livestock Management
of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilogram of beef, while the practices promoted by the
NLP, if adopted, would reduce emissions intensity by 0.50 or 0.75 kilograms of carbon
dioxide equivalent per kilogram, and monitoring of adoption of these practices could
be undertaken to indicate that the emission reductions had been achieved. In this case,
the function of sample surveys would be to (i) establish the baseline and performance
threshold, and provide data for modeling emissions intensity reductions due to adoption
of a specified set of NLP practices; and (ii) make a representative survey of the adoption
rates for each NLP practice. The conduct of baseline surveys could be contracted out to
other entities, while the adoption rate survey could be conducted by the livestock unit staff
or by contracted entities.
Accounting for Carbon Benefits of Improved Grassland Management
in the National Livestock Program
As in many countries, there is currently insufficient research in Mongolia to identify
with considerable certainty the response of soil carbon stocks to changes in grazing
management. Direct measurement of soil carbon stock changes requires large samples
and is costly. Following a methodology currently undergoing approval with a voluntary
carbon standard, the SDC-supported Linking Herders to Carbon Markets Project used
Century, a carbon model that has been widely used in climate change impact assessments
in Mongolia, to simulate the effect of implementing a grazing management plan on soil
carbon stocks (footnote 24). The model was parameterized using soil samples collected
from various vegetation types at different levels of degradation ("land use types") in Tariat
The result of carbon modeling is to provide a locally validated default value for
soil carbon stock changes. It is then not necessary to directly measure changes in soil
carbon, but simply to monitor the grazing practices (the number and type of livestock, and
the timing and duration of grazing) that are adopted on areas of grassland that have been
identified and categorized into a particular land use type.
The steps required to monitor changes in grassland soil carbon stocks using this approach
are shown in Figure 3. The basis of monitoring is an annual grassland management plan,
which is already in the mandate of the soum land management officer. The monitoring
data required to be collected during implementation are (i) the number of each type of
livestock grazing and the duration of their grazing in each different land use type in the
planned grazing area; and (ii) estimates of annual biomass productivity for each land
use type, which are used to estimate carrying capacity and planned stocking rates. The
approach proposed for the pilot project in Tariat is based on herder groups self-reporting
all of their grazing activities and soum technicians making spot-checks during the grazing
season to collect data with which to verify the herder groups' self-reported data, as
illustrated in Figure 4.
Overall, for most livestock productivity interventions of the NLP, there is a sufficient basis in
international guidance and precedent and in national research capacities to develop GHG
accounting approaches that meet international standards and that can be applied in the
Mongolian context. The most important issue for monitoring will be to base the collection
of data on the M&E system of the NLP to reduce the costs of GHG accounting.
S. Wang et al. 2013. Measured Soil Carbon Stocks and Stock Changes Modeled Using the Century Model in
Tariat Soum, Mongolia. Project report to SDC Mongolia Country Office. Ulaanbaatar.
Key Elements for a Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action in the Grassland and Livestock Sector
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September 21, 2012
Tags: Going Green
by Deborah Lockridge
Posted @ Friday, September 21, 2012 12:40 PM
I am still not sold on natural gas and don't truck Pickens because is a former con artist, I mean oil-man. It's like the old shell game. Get people in to buy these more expensive trucks, but with cheaper fuel in the long run, and then wait long enough and as demand for natural gas increases, due to more of these trucks, prices will take off.
All That's Trucking blog is just that – the editor's take on anything and everything related to trucking, with the help of guest posts from other HDT editors. Author Deborah Lockridge's career as an award-winning trucking journalist started in 1990.
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Apr 3, 2013 at 7:19 am
Minnesota Twins rookie Aaron Hicks says he'll remember his first opening day forever, despite striking out three times. Detroit ace Justin Verlander struck out Hicks in his first three at-bats on Monday. Hicks also got to meet his all-time favorite player, Torii Hunter, before the game. Hunter now plays right field for the Tigers.
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text:
Skip to comments.In Ad, James Carville Hawks Miracle Whip
Posted on 02/25/2011 8:11:54 AM PST by rightwingintelligentsia
No, your eyes were not mistaking you: That really was political guru James Carville hawking Miracle Whip in a television commercial.
The spot part of the company's "We're Not For Everyone" campaign features Carville and others expressing either their love or hate for the spread. The commercials debuted this week.
Amy Sedaris is a fan. Jersey Shore star Pauly D is not. As for Carville? He's in the pro-Miracle Whip category.
"If you've got these fancy, dancy mustards and stuff like that, that's kind of an elite thing," says Carville. "Miracle Whip is America."
It's funny that Carville appears in an ad featuring dueling sides of a debate, since the outspoken Democratic political strategis is married to Republican strategist Mary Matalin.
(Excerpt) Read more at politico.com ...
This bizarre looking character should be in prison along with the other Clintonistas who obstructed justice, perjured themselves, and suborned perjury during and after the disgusting Clinton years.
Just to see his face endorsing something will preclude me from ever buying that product again.
I am still trying to figure out how these two co-exist.
It must be true love.
Saw the commercial a few nights ago and noted Carville. What I really found interesting was a commercial in which about half the people said they hated the product.
Serpent Head and Fake Mayo - perfect together.
Ongoing argument at the breakroom lunch table at work: Miracle Whip's extra-sugar sweetness is for the immature, my side sez.
Miracle Whip!?! And he calls himself a Southerner? (shaking head in shock)
You think that's bad, I'm watching Donald Trump, a potential Republican candidate for US President hawking matresses on TV. WTF Donald? Can you at least try to look presidential?
The only decent mayo is made in New Orleans!
I like the part were the red skull says "why this looks just like the stuff on a certain blue dress."
For this, Carvile was paid with filthy capitalist dollars.
I thought real liberals never touch the stuff. But your typical liberal hypocrite loves those greenbacks.
Slightly off thread, but what is it about liberals and violent profanity-laden outbursts? Lots of it out of Wisconsin these days. Carvile's good at those, too.
Now THAT would have been a commercial to watch!
Oh that stuff is so good.
Any other southern brands of stuff I should be buying?
at least James finally has an honest job...
Miracle Whip sucks
I do not like the stuff.
It's Duke's, isn't it?
Sugar in Mayonnaise? Yuck. He must not work for Mrs. Obama,since he is adding unnecessary calories to his food. On second thought....
Any why buy mayonnaise if you get decent eggs? I love home made.
Definitions of hawk on the Web
clear the throat: clear mucus or food from one's throat;
Putting Bat Boy's daddy in anything advertising FOOD seems like a remarkably poor choice.
LOL! Donald Trump - presidential?!?!
"Miracle Whip is America."
This from someone who openly seeks to destroy everything that is "traditionally American".
For years I thought I hated mayo. Then, when I was 18, I was at a party where they had brought in subs from LaSpada's in LBTS, FL. One bite and I was hooked. I wanted to know what the white stuff was, since it couldn't be mayo. Of course, it was.
Seems in my family, growing up, Miracle Whip WAS mayo. Now mayo is one of the four food groups in my diet and I know to loathe Miracle Whip.
I can't prove it, and while I would rather believe they actually married for love, I believe it's a marriage of convenience for both of them because it makes them very unusual as political strategists/commentators and keeps attention on them. I have always had a feeling this was a way to keep at least one spotlight on them.
I don't say it for fun or that I wish it, I just think it's not natural to love a spouse that ardently opposes you on all major political (and thus, many moral) issues.
"buh dis' ain't dah same Miracle Whip dat mah ol' boy Bill Clinton wuz tellin' me 'bout. Dat one comes wit ah leather bustier!"
Only slightly better than Miracle Drip.
Yes, Duke's, please. Or home-made mayonnaise. But certainly not that Yankified glop full of God-alone-knows-what types of chemicals. If we Southerners are going to consume foodstuffs containing grease, we by-God want to have decent Christian grease! ;-)
I've never tried that one. There are regional brands of many fine foods all across America that are way better than many national brands.
Duke's was introduced to me by a North Carolina friend. But being a damned Yankee, I still stick to Hellman's.
I highly recommend Mayhaw Jelly!
Correct. No self respecting Southerner would use anything but Duke's or Hellman's REAL mayonnaise!
I have hated Miracle Whip since the 1960's. I hate it more now.
We love Duke's
Will have to give those a try! You rock!
But, but, I love Miracle Whip. I don't care if Carville is endorsing it, I just can't give it up. Mayonnaise just doesn't do it for me on certain things.
"I love Miracle Whip. I dont care if Carville is endorsing it"
Sorry, but I can't get past the fact that they'd have some POS like him endorse anything. He belongs in prison. He's a lying, nasty piece of scum. And think of the well over 50% of the consumers that will be turned off by his just looking at his face and hearing that voice. Just a plain stupid move on their part.
Hellmann's is good.
I'll buy offbrand no name before I buy Miracle Whip. I won't let a penny of mine go to the hate filled ranted devil looking, satan behaving, lying Carville.
I have never bought a jar of Miracle Whip and I am now quite confident I never will.
Then check out the uses for Miracle Whip on the Weird Al vid "Weasel Stomping Day".
Then check out the uses for Miracle Whip on the Weird Al vid "Weasel Stomping Day".
Hellman's is okay. Miracle Whip is not. We are having a war in this family on the subject. I told my children that if they want Miracle Whip like some kind of liberal person from Wisconsin, then fine—they can go to the grocery store and buy it themselves with their own money, but I am not shelling out for that garbage.
I like a person who stands up for what they believe in. Brava! Stand strong.
Ick, those two things disgust me. Give me Hellmann's any day!
I did too.. it wasn't until I was in my early 20s that I actually tasted good mayo and was hooked. It's now included in half of my sandwiches. Olive oil and spices are included in most of them (even with mayo).
I am now enjoying good mustard which I hated most of my life too.
First, the product differences. Hellman's is, of course, a mayonnaise. By law, it must contain 80% oil by volume.
Miracle Whip is labeled "salad dressing". By law, this product can be as little as 50% oil by volume -- though I believe Miracle Whip is about 65%.
About half the country prefers mayonnaise, the other half Miracle Whip -- and the preferences are highly regional.
This dichotomy goes back to the turn of the century (19th and 20th). J.L. Kraft had established a door-to-door retail cheese business in the Chicago area (his processed cheese didn't need refrigeration, it's now known as Velveeta). He began to look for more products he could peddle off his horse-drawn grocery carts. Miracle Whip was among the first of them.
The business was a success and Kraft began rolling out from Chicago, establishing distribution networks in town-after-town. Eventually, he was covering most of the Midwest, the Southeast and Southwest.
At around the same time, Richard Hellman -- who ran a deli in New York City -- invented his mayonnaise recipe. He also began a horsedrawn grocery cart business that sold door-to-door. He, too, was successful and began expanding out from New York. Eventually, Hellman's covered the Northeast and the Atlantic seaboard all the way to Florida.
Meanwhile, out in the West, a company known as Best Foods developed a mayonnaise near-identical to Hellman's -- and began the same distribution process up and down the coast.
Consequently, whether you prefer Miracle Whip or mayonnaise is largely a function of where you were born and raised. In the packaged food business, there are Miracle Whip markets -- Midwest, from Pittsburgh west, Southeast, from the Georgia-Alabama line west and the Southwest. And there are mayonnaise markets -- the East and West coasts.
And they're defined by whose horse-drawn peddler carts got there fustest with the mostest...
Carville, being from Louisiana, would obviously be a Miracle Whip guy. As am I, being from Oklahoma.
We really don't like that advertised too much, would much prefer *West Mississippi*, *South Arkansas* or *East Texas* used as where he's from :^)
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


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With her daughter ill in Texas, Pam Buck was in a hurry to leave the morning of June 17.
"I was shocked. It took me a few seconds to realize what happened," Buck told The Brazil Times about the theft of her blue Mercury Cougar that was parked next to her backdoor. "Then I became sick and almost fell to the ground crying. No words can really explain what I felt at that moment."
The Brazil City Police Department is looking for suspects alleged to be involved in three stolen vehicles from June 17-19, one of which was Buck's, where the owners left keys inside.
Buck admits to leaving the key in her car, but only because it was damaged and difficult to get out of the ignition.
"I tried to get a new one made, but it was for an electric ignition and was going to cost me $250," Buck said. "That was more than I had, so I left it there until I could afford a new one."
Buck is surprised by the efficiency of the criminals who took her car.
"My neighbors didn't hear a thing and their bedroom is right next to where my car was parked," Buck said. "My dog Daisy didn't hear anything either and she knows the sound of my car. For a dog not to bark, they had to be pretty good at what they were doing."
Because of the theft, Buck's daughter had to take a three-day bus ride to come home.
"It's such a horrible feeling knowing your child needs you and you can't be there for them," she said. "My daughter is home and feeling better, but this has affected me really badly. I feel like they took my self worth, and my dignity, when they did this to me. No one has a right to violate a person, their home or take their possessions."
Recovered in a wooded area near Turner two days later by the Brazil City Police Department, Buck said she still owes money on the car. And, with only liability insurance coverage, she cannot afford to make the necessary repairs so she can use it.
"I was amazed when I read about what officials consider minor damages in the paper. Yes, I have the car back, but we keep finding more wrong with it," Buck said. "Whoever stole it tore up the dashboard when they took the stereo. The battery was dead, but when we put in a new one it wouldn't even try to start. The electrical system is messed up and they apparently bottomed out the car when they were driving it. Plus the front end is damaged. I'm afraid to have anyone else look at it for fear they will find something else wrong. "
Buck said the financial cost, including her daughter's bus ticket, the loss of the vehicle until it can be repaired, towing fees, damage estimates and other pop-up expenses, continues to grow daily.
"I would like to get restitution, but I don't know how is that going to happen when everyone seems to be living paycheck to paycheck," Buck said. "It's almost certain whoever did this is living that way too."
Buck, a Cloverleaf Nursing Home Certified Nursing Assistant, is upset about her missing personal possessions.
"They took a work bag with my equipment and little stuff inside I buy for residents, like toiletries," she said. "Why would anyone want that?"
Personal papers, money, the vehicle registration and CDs were also taken, adding to the financial and emotional cost for Buck.
"What really upsets me most is they took a picture off my dashboard of me with my children and the license plate off the front with my children's names on it," she said. "Didn't they do enough to me by taking my car? Why do they need something like that? You can't possibly sell it for anything. I just want to know why?"
Battling the emotional rollercoaster a victim of crime faces, Buck says she has no explanation for why anyone would target her.
"I go to work, visit family and friends and I walk my dog. As far as I know, I don't have any enemies, but I admit to feeling paranoid since this happened," Buck said, as she fought back tears pooling in her eyes. "It's hard to talk about this with others, to be around people. I go out in public, look around at people and wander, did you do this to me?"
Although she might have left the key in the ignition of her car, Buck said the theft has caused her to realize there are people who do not care about the rights of others.
"I believe people have the right to own property and keep it in their yards, but that's not good enough anymore," she said. "The whole community needs to be vigilant, but it has to start in the neighborhoods. We, as neighbors, have to look out for each other sometimes."