text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Dec 15, 2009
|Filing date
|Aug 15, 2003
|Priority date
|Aug 16, 2002
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Sean Patrick O'Dwyer
|Original Assignee
|Metal Storm Limited
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (52), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (7), Classifications (12), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present patent application is a national phase application of International Application No. PCT/AU03/001034 filed Aug. 15, 2003, which claims priority from Australian Application No. 2002950846 filed Aug. 16, 2002.
The present invention relates to a projectile deployment device for use in a target intercept device, and method for intercepting a target and in particular to projectiles deployment devices for use in kill vehicles and missile defence systems for intercepting missiles such as ballistic missiles.
The reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that the prior art forms part of the common general knowledge.
There are a number of fundamental difficulties involved in the interception of an incoming enemy ballistic missile with a conventional interception missile or other similar kill vehicle. In particular, engineering a hit-to-kill interception missile that can achieve intercept with any consistency is problematic, principally because of the high converging speed of the target ballistic missile and the interception missile.
Thus the speed of both the incoming missile and the interception missile make tracking the incoming missile to within a hit-to-kill margin of error, extremely difficult. Present missile tracking technologies are quite sophisticated, however the problem remains that often quite significant changes in the trajectory of the interception missile are required but are difficult to execute.
This problem is exacerbated by the fact that typical conventional interception missiles have a relatively small cross-sectional diameter which must intercept either the front or side of the incoming enemy missile, which also has a very small cross-sectional area. Thus, this provides a small collision cross section, meaning it is difficult to achieve the required degree of control to enable the interception missile to be in exactly the right place at the right time to achieve a direct hit and thereby eliminate the target missile.
Accordingly, whilst a guaranteed hit is the ultimate goal, it is advantageous if an interception missile could be permitted to miss its target and yet still have an excellent chance of disabling the missile, through the use of secondary projectile impacts.
One known solution to this is to provide the interception missile with a fragmentation warhead, which is detonated before the projected impact. In this case, the fragmentation causes shrapnel to be spread away from the interception missile, thereby increasing the chance of a hit on the enemy missile. However, the majority of current fragmentation techniques utilise the detonation of an explosive charge, to project shrapnel away from the missile and do not provide a homogenous fragmentation pattern, but rather result in random and extremely haphazard shrapnel dispersion.
The fragmentation pattern of a simple detonation is depicted in
An additional problem with missile interception is that divert propulsion technologies are limited in their effect due to the size and weight of the interception missile, as well as its speed. The angle of interception of the missile can be changed by ejecting mass from the missile at an angle to the direction of travel. The capability of current divert propulsion systems is severely limited by the very small mass ejected in order to affect changes in trajectory.
Modern ballistic missiles, such as long range ICBMs (intercontinental ballistic missiles), can be designed to deploy multiple decoys and live warheads during flight. Accordingly, an interception missile for defeating this threat must employ a large range of sensory technology in order to select or discriminate the live warheads from the decoy warheads.
There is not believed to be any technology currently available to satisfactorily address this threat.
Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the ability of missiles to intercept targets including other target missiles is currently limited.
In a first broad form the present invention provides a projectile deployment system for use in a target intercepting device, the projectile deployment system including:
The controller is preferably housed in a cavity in the support body.
The first and second connections of each projectile can be coupled to an ignition means for activating the charge associated with the respective projectile.
The connectors typically include:
The body can alternatively include a support member having a number of barrels mounted thereon.
In this case, typically:
The support member typically includes a cavity for receiving the controller.
The projectile deployment system can include a controller for deploying the projectiles by:
The controller is preferably adapted to selectively activate the charges to thereby deploy the projectiles in accordance with a projectile deployment pattern.
The controller typically activates the charges by applying a predetermined activation pulse thereto. Typically the projectile deployment system includes one or more firing circuits for generating the activation pulses.
The controller can be adapted to fire the charges at predetermined time intervals to thereby control the rate of deployment of the projectiles.
The controller can include:
The projectile deployment system may include one or more sensors for sensing the target, the processor being adapted to monitor the sensors to thereby determine the position of the target with respect to the projectile deployment system.
The controller can be coupled to a remote sensing system via a communications system, the remote sensing system being adapted to:
The pattern data may indicate at least one of:
At least some of the barrels generally extend radially outwardly from the body axis.
The projectile deployment system can include at least one planar barrel array, the planar barrel array including a number of barrels extending radially outwardly from the body axis so as to define a plane perpendicular to the body axis.
The projectile deployment system typically includes a number of planar barrel arrays spaced apart along the body axis.
At least some of the planar barrel arrays can be skewed with respect to each other such that at least one of the planar barrel arrays deploys projectiles in a direction different to at least one other planar barrel array.
The barrels of adjacent barrel arrays may be partially interleaved.
One or more of the planar barrel arrays may be rotatably mounted to the body to thereby rotate about the body axis.
At least some of the barrels may extend in a direction parallel to the body axis.
At least some of the barrels may define a barrel array for deploying projectiles in directions along and outwardly from the body axis.
The projectile target intercepting device can be a kill vehicle, the kill vehicle including;
The propellant system can be adapted to be propelled in a direction substantially parallel to the body axis. The projectile target intercepting device may alternatively be a missile.
In a second broad form the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a projectile deployment system, the method including:
The method can include:
The method typically includes manufacturing a projectile deployment system according to the first broad form of the invention.
In a third broad form the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a projectile deployment system, the method including:
The method typically includes manufacturing a projectile deployment system according to the first broad form of the invention.
In a fourth broad form the present invention provides apparatus for intercepting a target, the apparatus including:
The apparatus may include:
The apparatus can include a projectile deployment system according to the first broad form of the invention.
The projectile deployment system can be aligned such that the vehicle axis is substantially coaxial with the body axis.
The deployment of each projectile can cause a reactive force along the respective barrel, the pattern of projectiles being at least one of:
The firing pattern of the projectiles may be adapted to control the trajectory of the vehicle.
The target can be a missile.
The projectile deployment pattern can be selected to thereby increase the effective cross sectional area of the vehicle.
The controller typically includes:
The controller can include a store for storing pattern data representing a number of different projectile deployment patterns, the processor being adapted to select one of the stored projectile deployment patterns in accordance with the position of the target.
The vehicle is typically at least one of a kill vehicle and a missile.
In a fifth broad form the present invention provides a missile for intercepting a target, the missile including:
In a sixth broad form the present invention provides a method of intercepting targets, the method including:
The method may include:
Each projectile system typically includes:
The method is preferably performed using at least one of:
An example of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:—
An example of a kill vehicle suitable for intercepting targets, such as other missiles, will now be described with reference to
Kill vehicles may come in any one of a number of forms, depending on the circumstances in which the kill vehicle is to be used. Thus, for example, the kill vehicle could be adapted to be used above the earth's atmosphere in orbital applications, for example to intercept targets such as ICBMs. In this case, the kill vehicle will generally be launched into orbit by appropriate rocket systems, such as a missile, or the like, and then deployed into orbit ready for subsequent use. Alternatively, the kill vehicle may be integrated into a missile, allowing the missile to deploy projectiles, as will be described below.
An example of a typical kill vehicle construction is shown in
In use, the kill vehicle is typically propelled towards a target missile with the trajectory of the kill vehicle being constantly updated by the flight control system 14 in an attempt to directly hit the target missile. However, as discussed above, the chance of such a direct hit is minimal and accordingly, in order to increase the chances of the kill vehicle 10 disabling the target missile the kill vehicle 10 includes projectile assemblies for deploying projectiles. The projectiles are adapted to be deployed in a predetermined deployment pattern to thereby increase the effective collision cross sectional area of the kill vehicle 10, thereby increasing the chances of the missile or one of the associated projectiles hitting the target.
In addition to this, target missiles often deploy sub-munitions, multiple warheads, or decoys, such as chaff or balloons to prevent complete interception by a kill vehicle. Accordingly, the deployment of projectiles in a forward direction by the kill vehicle can allow the decoys to be cleared prior to an interception, as well as ensuring that all sub-munitions and warheads are intercepted, as will be described in more detail below.
In any event, in this example, two sets of projectile assemblies are provided as shown at 15 and 16, although as will be described in more detail below, a number of different arrangements could be used.
Irrespective of the number of projectile assemblies, in order to produce suitable projectile deployment patterns, it is preferable to be able to launch a large number of projectiles in rapid succession. An example of a projectile assembly suitable for performing this will now be described with reference to
In particular,
In order to deploy the projectiles 21, a firing system is provided as shown generally at 26. The firing system typically includes a circuit adapted to generate electrical pulses, which are then applied via respective connections 27 to respective ignition means 28A, . . . 28D. In use, application of an electrical pulse to a respective one of the ignition means 28A, . . . 28D will activate the associated propellant charge 24A, . . . 24D, thereby causing the deployment of the associated projectile 21A, . . . 21D.
Accordingly, the firing system 26 is adapted to generate a sequence of the pulses which are applied to each of the ignition means 28A, . . . 28D in turn, thereby causing the projectiles 21A, . . . 21D to be deployed from the barrel in sequence. An example of this is shown in
Barrel assemblies of this type are capable of firing a sequence of projectiles at regular intervals whereby a pre-determined distance X may be established between projectiles in flight, which is useful for producing the required projectile deployment patterns, as will be described in more detail below.
In this example, the distance X between projectiles 21 fired from the barrel may be determined solely by the amount of time between the activation of the successive propellant charges 24. For example, a single barrel of this type can currently fire at up to 45,000 rounds per minute (RPM), consistent with a separation between projectiles of less than 380 mm (15 inches).
In any event, it will be appreciated that a number of variations on the above mentioned barrel assembly can be provided, as described for example in the International Patent Applications PCT/AU94/00124 (published as WO 94/20809) and PCT/AU96/00459 (published as WO 97/04281).
Thus, for example, the projectiles used may be spherical, conventionally shaped or dart-like, depending on the implementation. For example, dart like projectiles can be used to provide sealing engagement between the barrel and the projectiles, thereby allowing the necessary pressure to be generated by the activation of the respective charge to thereby ensure successful deployment.
However, it is possible for the projectiles to be configured so as to define a cavity between the adjacent projectiles. In this case, the propellant charge is located in the cavity, such that the high pressure is created in the cavity between the two projectiles. This avoids the need for the projectiles to seal against the bore of the barrel as the tubular projectiles are adapted to seal nose to tail against one another as opposed to the against the barrel bore.
This can be useful in applications in which the barrel is to be constructed from a material which is susceptible to the high pressures normally generated during projectile deployment, as will be explained in more detail below. As a result, a different configuration of projectile is required as will be described in more detail below.
A further factor is the circumstances in which the projectiles are to be used. For example, in atmosphere applications generally require the use of a streamlined projectile, whereas sub-orbital applications do not.
Atmospheric projectiles may also include fins that generate a stabilising spin as the projectile is propelled from a barrel which may be a smooth-bored barrel.
Alternatively, or additionally the projectiles may be adapted for seating and/or location within circumferential grooves or by annular ribs in the bore or in rifling grooves in the bore and may include a metal jacket encasing at least the outer end portion of the projectile. In this case, shaped rifling can be used to impart spin on the projectiles as they are deployed.
The projectile charge may be form as a solid block to operatively space the projectiles in the barrel or the propellant charge may be encased in metal or other rigid case which may include an ignition means in the form of an embedded primer having external contacts for contacting an pre-positioned electrical contact associated with the barrel. For example the primer could be provided with a sprung contact which may be retracted to enable insertion of the cased charge into the barrel and to spring out into a barrel aperture upon alignment with that aperture for operative contact with its mating barrel contact. If desired the outer case may be consumable or may chemically assist the propellant burn. Furthermore an assembly of stacked and bonded or separate cased charges and projectiles may be provide for reloading a barrel.
Each projectile may include a projectile head and extension means for at least partly defining a propellant space. The extension means may include a spacer assembly which extends rearwardly from the projectile head and abuts an adjacent projectile assembly.
The spacer assembly may extend through the propellant space and the projectile head whereby compressive loads are transmitted directly through abutting adjacent spacer assemblies. In such configurations, the spacer assembly may add support to the extension means that may be a thin cylindrical rear portion of the projectile head. Furthermore the extension means may form an operative sealing contact with the bore of the barrel to prevent burn leakage past the projectile head.
The spacer assembly may include a rigid collar which extends outwardly to engage a thin cylindrical rear portion of the malleable projectile head in operative sealing contact with the bore of the barrel such that axially compressive loads are transmitted directly between spacer assemblies thereby avoiding deformation of the malleable projectile head.
Complementary wedging surfaces may be disposed on the spacer assembly and projectile head respectively whereby the projectile head is urged into engagement with the bore 23 of the barrel 20 in response to relative axial compression between the spacer means and the projectile head. In such arrangement the projectile head and spacer assembly may be loaded into the barrel and there after an axial displacement is caused to ensure good sealing between the projectile head and barrel. Suitably the extension means is urged into engagement with the bore of the barrel.
The projectile head may define a tapered aperture at its rearward end into which is received a complementary tapered spigot disposed on the leading end of the spacer assembly, wherein relative axial movement between the projectile head and the complementary tapered spigot causes a radially expanding force to be applied to the projectile head.
The barrel may be non metallic and the bore of the barrel may include recesses which may fully or partly accommodate the ignition means. In this configuration the barrel houses electrical conductors which facilitate electrical communication between the control means and ignition means. This configuration may be utilised for disposable barrel assemblies which have a limited firing life and the ignition means and control wire or wires therefor can be integrally manufactured with the barrel.
A barrel assembly may alternatively include ignition apertures in the barrel and the ignition means are disposed outside the barrel and adjacent the apertures. The barrel may be surrounded by a non metallic outer barrel which may include recesses adapted to accommodate the ignition means. The outer barrel may also house electrical conductors which facilitate electrical communication between the control means and ignition means. The outer barrel may be formed as a laminated plastics barrel which may include a printed circuit laminate for the ignition means.
The barrel assembly may have adjacent projectiles that are separated from one another and maintained in spaced apart relationship by locating means separate from the projectiles, and each projectile may include an expandable sealing means for forming an operative seal with the bore of the barrel. The locating means may be the propellant charge between adjacent projectiles and the sealing means suitably includes a skirt portion on each projectile which expands outwardly when subject to an in-barrel load. The in-barrel load may be applied during installation of the projectiles or after loading such as by tamping to consolidate the column of projectiles and propellant charges or may result from the firing of an outer projectile and particularly the adjacent outer projectile.
The rear end of the projectile may include a skirt about an inwardly reducing recess such as a conical recess or a part-spherical recess or the like into which the propellant charge portion extends and about which rearward movement of the projectile will result in radial expansion of the projectile skirt. This rearward movement may occur by way of compression resulting from a rearward wedging movement of the projectile along the leading portion of the propellant charge it may occur as a result of metal flow from the relatively massive leading part of the projectile to its less massive skirt portion.
Alternatively the projectile may be provided with a rearwardly divergent peripheral sealing flange or collar which is deflected outwardly into sealing engagement with the bore upon rearward movement of the projectile. Furthermore the sealing may be effected by inserting the projectiles into a heated barrel which shrinks onto respective sealing portions of the projectiles. The projectile may comprise a relatively hard mandrel portion located by the propellant charge and which cooperates with a deformable annular portion may be moulded about the mandrel to form a unitary projectile which relies on metal flow between the nose of the projectile and its tail for outward expansion about the mandrel portion into sealing engagement with the bore of the barrel.
The projectile assembly may include a rearwardly expanding anvil surface supporting a sealing collar thereabout and adapted to be radially expanded into sealing engagement with the barrel bore upon forward movement of the projectile through the barrel. In such a configuration it is preferred that the propellant charge have a cylindrical leading portion which abuts the flat end face of the projectile.
The projectile may be provided with contractible peripheral locating rings which extend outwardly into annular grooves in the barrel and which retract into the projectile upon firing to permit its free passage through the barrel.
The electrical ignition for sequentially igniting the propellant charges of a barrel assembly may preferably include the steps of igniting the leading propellant charge by sending an ignition signal through the stacked projectiles, and causing ignition of the leading propellant charge to arm the next propellant charge for actuation by the next ignition signal. Suitably all propellant charges inwardly from the end of a loaded barrel are disarmed by the insertion of respective insulating ruses disposed between normally closed electrical contacts.
Ignition of the propellant may be achieved electrically or ignition may utilise conventional firing pin type methods such as by using a centre-fire primer igniting the outermost projectile and controlled consequent ignition causing sequential ignition of the propellant charge of subsequent rounds. This may be achieved by controlled rearward leakage of combustion gases or controlled burning of fuse columns extending through the projectiles.
In another form the ignition is electronically controlled with respective propellant charges being associated with primers which are triggered by distinctive ignition signals. For example the primers in the stacked propellant charges may be sequenced for increasing pulse width ignition requirements whereby electronic controls may selectively send ignition pulses of increasing pulse widths to ignite the propellant charges sequentially in a selected time order. Preferably however the propellant charges are ignited by a set pulse width signal and burning of the leading propellant charge arms the next propellant charge for actuation by the next emitted pulse.
Suitably in such embodiments all propellant charges inwardly from the end of a loaded barrel are disarmed by the insertion of respective insulating fuses disposed between insertion of respective insulating fuses disposed between normally closed electrical contacts, the fuses being set to burn to enable the contacts to close upon transmission of a suitable triggering signal and each insulating fuse being open to a respective leading propellant charge for ignition thereby.
A number of projectiles can be fired simultaneously, or in quick succession, or in response to repetitive manual actuation of a trigger, for example. In such arrangements the electrical signal may be carried externally of the barrel or it may be carried through the superimposed projectiles which may clip on to one another to continue the electrical circuit through the barrel, or abut in electrical contact with one another. The projectiles may carry the control circuit or they may form a circuit with the barrel.
The projectiles may have reduced propellant loads moving sequentially towards the rear of the barrel, in order to maintain a constant muzzle velocity.
It will therefore be appreciated that a variety of barrel assembly configurations may be used, and specific examples will be described in more detail below.
In any event, in this example, the sets of projectile assemblies 15, 16 can be mounted to the kill vehicle 10 in a variety of configurations in order to allow a range of projectile deployment patterns to be obtained. For the purpose of example, two main arrangements will now be discussed.
An example of this is shown in
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that if projectiles are fired from a single barrel 20, then the recoil generated by this deployment will impart a reactionary force on the kill vehicle 10 in the direction shown by the arrow 33. In general, the magnitude of this force will be relatively small due to the small size and mass of the projectiles, and accordingly, the impulse created by the force on the significantly greater mass of the kill vehicle will be small. However, this can result in some change in direction of the kill vehicle.
Accordingly, the barrel array 30 is generally arranged with the barrels 20 being provided in opposition. As a result, opposing barrels 20 1, 20 2 are generally fired simultaneously, as shown in
It will be appreciated that deploying a single one of the barrels 20 to produce a single projectile line 31, as shown in
Accordingly, it is typical to deploy projectiles from a number of the barrels in a single barrel array simultaneously to thereby provide a covering fire over an area, as opposed to along a single line, as shown in
As shown in
It should be noted that
In any event, as the barrels 20 face radially outwardly from the kill vehicle body axis 12, the distance between each projectile line 31 increases further from the kill vehicle 10, such that the first fired or lead projectiles have the greatest separation from one another. It is possible to define a deployment radius R as the radial distance of the lead projectile from the missile axis 12 when:
Accordingly, the projectile deployment pattern is generally configured such that the separation distance Y between the lead projectiles 21A of adjacent projectile lines 31 is less than the missile diameter D whilst all the projectiles 21 lie within the deployment radius R. This ensures that the as long as the target missile 32 is within the deployment radius, it will be hit by at least one projectile.
A single hit is however relatively unlikely, since the target missile 32 must pass through a specific point in the deployment pattern which provides a 'gap' amongst surrounding projectiles as depicted in
It is also notable that, unlike the prior art, the hits are not merely fragmentary interceptions, but impacts by projectiles 21 which generally have higher mass than fragments. It is also observed that the high speed of the target missile 32, which may be an ICBM or the like, in relation to the projectiles 21, means that the deployed projectile field virtually 'waits' for the target missile 32 to pass through the entire area or volume of the field. (A three dimensional field of projectiles will be described below). For example, the projectiles 21 will typically move less than 5 cm for every meter that the target missile 32 moves. This is simply factored into the firing system timing to deploy the projectiles 21 in accordance with a predetermined deployment pattern as will be described in more detail below.
In general, the projectile deployment pattern described above can be improved by providing a number of barrel arrays 30. An example of this will now be described with respect to
In this example, the barrels 20 in adjacent arrays 30 can be aligned with one another. However, it will be appreciated that an improved area of coverage can be achieved by skewing adjacent barrel arrays 30 with respect to each other, as shown for example in
From this it will be appreciated that for barrel arrays 30A, 30B aligned as shown in
It will be appreciated however, that when the lead projectiles reach twice deployment radius 2R, the last projectiles will have travelled to a single deployment radius R, as depicted in
It will be appreciated from this that by combining the projectile deployment patterns of different barrel arrays in combination, this allows a range of different areas to be covered by the projectile deployment pattern. This therefore requires that deployment from each of the barrel arrays must be controllable, as will be explained in more detail below.
In the example shown in
Alternatively however, barrel arrays 30 may be provided in batches of two or three, which are skewed with respect to each other, as described above in
A further variation is for the barrel arrays 30 to be rotatably mounted to a central support, to allow the barrel arrays to be rotated around the body axis 12 with respect to each other. This allows the projectile deployment pattern to be modified dynamically before or during projectile deployment, to thereby ensure optimum projectile deployment is obtained, as will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art.
Area covered in
Number of barrel-arrays
deployment radii R
The list shows that a cylindrical matrix having fifty planar arrays of barrel assemblies could deploy a field of projectiles to a distance of 9R.
In one example, assuming each barrel 20 includes ten projectiles, and assuming a target missile diameter of 0.5 m, then the deployment radius R is 5 m. It will be appreciated from this, that use of fifty barrel arrays 30 would provide a deployment radius of approximately 45 m, thereby providing the kill vehicle 10 with an effective impact cross sectional area of about:
π(45)2=6360 m2
When compared with the original cross sectional area of the kill vehicle 10 (assuming a 0.5 m diameter similar to that of the target missile 32, which gives a cross sectional area of 0.2 m2), it will be appreciated that the provision of fifty suitably aligned and controlled barrel arrays 30 can lead to a significant increase in the effective interception cross sectional area of the kill vehicle 10.
However, this example relies on each of the barrel arrays being fired in an appropriate sequence to thereby carpet the entire area between the missile and nine times the deployment radius 9R. In this situation, it will be appreciated that there will only be a single projectile line 31 throughout the area surrounding the missile, as shown for example in
In this example, it will be noted that the projectile lines 31 are shown to be laterally displaced with respect to each other at different deployment radii distances from the missile. This is due to the forward motion of the missile, during the deployment of the projectiles as shown by the arrow 35. In practice, there would be a continuous distribution of the projectiles from the missile, as shown by the dotted line, and this staggered effect is for clarity only to highlight the different deployment radii.
In any event, it will be appreciated from
Accordingly, it will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art, that alternative firing patterns could be selected to maximise the number of projectiles nearer to the kill vehicle 10. Thus, for example, the matrix of fifty barrel assemblies 30 could be arranged to deploy projectiles out to a maximum effective radius of 5R, or 25 m in this example.
In this case, Table 1 clarifies that this would leave thirty five barrel assemblies to produce a further projectile deployment pattern. Thus, this could be to produce a second plane of projectiles out to a distance of 7R, or two further planes of projectiles out to a distance of 5R, as shown for example in
Accordingly, it will be appreciated that particular projectile deployment patterns can be tailored to specific circumstances. Thus, for example, the projectile deployment pattern can be selected based on the relative positions of the kill vehicle 10 and the target missile 32. Alternatively, the projectile deployment pattern may depend on the number and dispersion of any warheads deployed by the target missile 32. Thus, if the target missile 32 has not yet deployed any warheads, the kill vehicle will tend to deploy multiple planes of projectiles to ensure a larger number of hits on the target missile 32. However, if a number of warheads have been deployed, the projectile deployment pattern may be spread over a larger area, to thereby help ensure all the warheads are intercepted.
The deployment of projectiles from different planar barrel arrays 30 may also be separated temporally, meaning that the number of deployed planar arrays is not only the divisor as to the distance between adjacent lines of fire (as above), but also as to the distance between projectiles in a line of fire (in end view), as shown for example in
Typically local tracking of the trajectory of the target missile 32 is preferable in order to provide sufficiently flexible fire control, whereby the timing of firing could be adapted to the particular circumstances encountered by the interception missile. This will be discussed in more detail below.
A second example of projectile assembly arrangements will now be described. In this example, a number of projectile assemblies in the form of the barrels 20 are mounted as shown generally in
In this example, if the kill vehicle is a missile, or the like, which is deployed in the atmosphere, then it is typical for the barrel array 40 to be protected by a shroud 17 in flight, with the shroud being ejected from the body 11 shortly before the projectiles are deployed from the barrel array 40. However, in the majority of cases in which the kill vehicle is deployed outside the earths atmosphere, then there is no need for a streamlined kill vehicle shape, and the shroud is not required. In any event, as a result of this configuration, the missile is able to deploy projectiles in advance of the kill vehicle 10, as shown in
This is useful in scenarios in which the target missile 32 deploys sub-munitions or decoys, as shown for example in
Accordingly, the kill vehicle 10 uses the barrel array 40 to deploy projectiles 21 in advance of the kill vehicle 10, as shown by the projectile lines 41. The projectiles 20 operate to destroy at least the decoys 42, as shown in
Thus, the use of the array 40 allows the kill vehicle 10 to destroy any decoys in the form of balloons, chaff or the like, before the kill vehicle 10 itself arrives at the intercept position. The kill vehicle 10 can then accurately determine which object is the real target and have enough remaining time to appropriately react.
Since the projectiles are fired forwardly of the kill vehicle 10, there would be a resultant rearward force which would tend to slow the missile. However, this may be used to advantage in that the slowing due to projectile deployment could assist in providing a longer time window for a subsequent hit-to-kill intercept by the body of the kill vehicle 10.
In any event, deployment of the projectiles is governed by similar rules to the deployment of the projectiles in the planar array scenario described above with respect to
A specific example of implementation of the barrel arrays 30 will now be described. In particular, with the barrels extending radially outwardly from a central axis, it is necessary for the barrels 20 to be mounted surrounding a central cylinder so that there is sufficient volume available to accommodate the breach ends of the barrels 20. Accordingly, each barrel array 30 would be constructed using a support system, an example of which is shown in
As shown the support system 50 includes a central support cylinder 51 having a cylinder axis 52. A number of radial connectors 53 extend radially outwardly from the support cylinder 51. The radial connectors are coupled to circular connectors 54 positioned at respective radii as shown so as to define a conducting mesh plane 56, with a respective mesh plane 56 being provided for each barrel array 30 in the matrix 34. A number of laterally connectors 55 are also provided.
The connectors are embedded in an insulating material such as thermoset plastic which is moulded to form a cylindrical body forming the barrel array matrix 34. In use, the barrels 20 are created in the matrix 34 by drilling cylindrical cavities which extend radially inwardly to the central support cylinder. The cavities are aligned so that the barrels intersect the lateral and circular connectors. Accordingly, the lateral and circular connectors are provided flush with the barrel bore 23, as shown for example in
In this configuration, as the lateral connectors 55 are electrically isolated from the mesh planes 56, it will be appreciated that respective mesh planes 56 are electrically isolated from other mesh planes in the matrix.
In use, projectiles are inserted into the barrels 20, as shown in
In addition to this, the tail portion 82 is conductive, and is connected to the ignition means 28. The projectile also includes a connection 83, which is also connected to the ignition means 28, such as a semi-conductor bridge (SCB), and which is electrically isolated from the tail portion 82 by the insulating band 84. In use, application of a suitable current between the tail portion 82, and connection 83 can therefore be used to ignite the SCB and thereby activate the propellant charge 24.
In use, the lateral connectors 55 are adapted to align with the connection 83, with the circular connectors 54 being aligned with the tail portions 82, as shown in
Accordingly, this allows the control electronics, which will be described in more detail below to apply predetermined current to the ignition means 28 of selected projectiles of selected barrel arrays by applying the current to appropriate mesh planes 56 and appropriate lateral connectors 55.
In particular, in order to launch a projectile, the controller will use the mesh plane as one terminal, thereby allowing any of the projectiles in the respective barrel array to be deployed. The respective one or more projectiles can then be selected by using the appropriate lateral connectors 55. Thus, for example, applying a current between the connector 55A and the mesh plane 56 shown in
In general a single PCB is provided for the entire matrix 34. Accordingly, the connection 83 extends around each projectile 21, such that the portion of the lateral connector 55 on either side of the barrel 20 is interconnected by the projectile positioned therebetween. An example of this is shown in
However, this can be overcome by providing the lateral connector 55 at a position which only partially intersects the barrels 20, as shown in dotted lines. In this case, the lateral connector 55 will remain unbroken when projectiles are deployed from the barrel 20A, thereby allowing projectiles to be subsequently deployed from the barrel 20B, as will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art.
The connectors can be constructed using thin metal rods (2 mm) cast in poly-dicyclopentadiene (PDCPD), or another suitable non-metal or composite material. The thin metal rods would be manufactured as two separate components—in the form of simple rods to form the lateral connectors 55 and as planes of meshed metal rods to for the mesh-planes 56. The planes of meshed metal rods and vertical rods would be positioned in the cast in similar fashion to the configuration of
Typically the barrel arrays 30 created in this fashion are skewed with respect to each other. As a result, the lateral supports will need to extend along the length of the matrix 34 in a curved fashion to ensure that they intersect the barrels at appropriate positions to thereby allow connections with the projectiles to be achieved.
In one example, the barrel arrays have a radius of 17.3 cm, with the central support cylinder having a radius of 4.3 cm, allowing 13 cm for the length of each barrel 20. Taking into account the propellant charge 24 and associated projectile 21, each projectile takes up a length of 2 cm, which allows for four projectiles in each barrel, with an additional 5 cm of free bore space.
The projectiles are of 0.22 calibre, giving each barrel a diameter of 5.6 mm. In addition to this, it is typically necessary to incorporate a 0.5 cm spacing between barrel arrays 30, allowing a barrel matrix having an overall axial length of 31.3 cm to incorporate twenty nine barrel arrays 30.
Furthermore, this configuration allows twenty six barrels to be accommodated in each barrel array 30 giving an angle between adjacent barrels of 360/26=13.85 degrees. The base of each barrel would be positioned 4.3 cm from the support cylinder axis, and taking into account the 0.56 cm diameter of the barrels, provides a 0.48 cm gap between adjacent barrels in the barrel array, at the support cylinder surface.
In this configuration, the grid would incorporate twenty six radial connectors 53, and three circular connectors 54 forming each mesh plane. As there are twenty nine barrel arrays, there would be thirty mesh planes vertically stacked within the missile body. There would also be one hundred and four lateral connectors 55. These would be positioned vertically within the gaps in the mesh planes (as in the above example) and at a slight angle to compensate for the 13.85 degree twist between top and bottom mesh plane's. The cylinder would then be cast. Holes to accommodate the barrels are drilled into the cylinder such that the lands of the rifling are cut into the various metal rods. This is so as the rods 'cut' into the contact surfaces of each barrel as they are inserted.
In this example, the barrels may also be drilled to incorporate rifling, as shown for example in
Thus, it will be appreciated that this represents a practical configuration that can easily be integrated into existing missiles. However, this is not intended to be restrictive, but rather is only an example of the configurations that may be used.
It can be shown from simple geometry that the angle of separation A between lead projectiles (as measured from the missile axis) at deployment radius R, is given by:
A=2 sin−1 [1/(2P)]
Thus, for four projectiles, this gives a separation angle of 14.36�. In this example, using twenty six barrels as outlined above, the angle between barrels 20 in a barrel array 30 is 360/26=13.85�, thereby allowing the four projectiles to cover the area defined by the deployment radius.
The actual size of the deployment radius R will depend on the desired maximum separation between the projectiles. Thus, for example, if there is a 1 m separation between projectiles in a projectiles line, then there will also be a 1 m separation between lead projectiles 21A in adjacent projectile lines at the deployment radius R which in turn will be 4 m. The projectiles therefore form a grid in which no two projectiles are separated by more than 1 m. If the enemy missile is assumed to be slightly larger than 1 m in diameter then the missile cannot pass through the deployment radius of one barrel-plane without a projectile interception occurring (and 1-3 further projectile interceptions being likely).
Assuming 29 barrel arrays mounted to the missile, with appropriate skewing between adjacent barrel arrays (providing a total of 3016 projectiles), the grid (in which no two projectiles are separated by more than the diameter of the enemy missile) can be deployed up to 7 deployment radii (which is a radius of 28 m, a diameter of 56 m and an area of 2462 m2 assuming that the projectile separation is set to a maximum 1 m), as outlined above in table 1.
An alternative configuration for assembly of the barrel array matrix 34 will now be described. In this example, the barrels are formed as individual units which are then attached to the central support cylinder 51. An example of a suitable barrel 70 is shown in
Thus, in this example, each barrel is constructed with all the connections required to couple the projectiles to the control electronics. This therefore requires that a respective PCB is provided for each barrel 20, or at least each barrel array 30, if these are formed concurrently.
The SCBs generally include a header and are threaded into position (or otherwise appropriately held in place) to hold against firing pressure. In this example, the SCBs are held in place by associated plugs, which are the same size as the inlet ports 76. However the SCB plugs could extend beyond the outer diameter of the barrel 70 for increased strength. The plugs are then connected to a plastic (or other suitable material) 'band' which is preferably hermetically sealed against the barrel wall and contains wiring for the four plugs which lead to a main plug at the rear of the barrel. The 'band' could be reinforced with a metal surround for increased strength if deemed required. The main plug has 5 'pins'—one four each of the four inlet port plugs containing the SCBs and one earth. The main plug is also preferably hermetically sealed once attached to firing control system, described in more detail below.
In order to protect the PCB assembly when the barrel 70 is being mounted to a central support cylinder 51, the barrel 70, and PCB may be mounted within a cylindrical housing or framework 78 as shown in
In this example, in order to ensure that the projectiles are locked in place within the barrel, thereby sealing against the barrel bore, the projectiles 71 may utilise a wedge portion 71A on the projectile nose as shown in
However, in this example, the tail portion 72 must be of a relatively large thickness to provide necessary support during the deployment of the projectiles. Accordingly, an alternative configuration can be used as shown for example in
This type of projectile also utilises sealing against the barrel wall both in construction and as a result of the propellant expansion of the round in front to prevent the blow-by ignition of successive rounds in the stack, as shown in
An example of the mounting of the barrels 20 of
The matrix is therefore constructed by first coupling the inner and outer cylinders 78B, 78C to the central support cylinder 78A using the appropriate vertical supports. A hole is then drilled through the outer and inner cylinders 78B, 78C, as shown at 78E, 78F, with the drilling being continued through into the central support cylinder 78A, to define a recess 78D. The barrels 70 can then be inserted into the respective holes, such that the barrels 70 are supported by the respective inner and outer cylinders 78B, 78C, with the breach end of the barrels 70 resting in the recess 78D created in the central support cylinder. Typically however, before the barrel is inserted, an additional hole is drilled though all of the central support cylinder 78A, and the inner and out cylinders 78B, 78C to incorporate the PCB 77. In particular, this is arranged such that the PCB extends through the central support cylinder 78A, allowing the PCB to be coupled to the control electronics, thereby allowing the barrels 70 to be inserted into the holes 78E, 78F, with the breach end in the recess 78D, and the PCB extending into the cavity within the central support cylinder 78A.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that this allows the framework to be constructed and the barrels 70 simply inserted therein. The barrels can be held in place using an appropriate retaining means depending on the application and the stress to which the matrix 34 will be subject. Thus for example, the barrels 70 may be held in place due to a tight fit between the breach end and the recess 78D, or alternatively may be held in place using glue, welding, screws or the like.
In any event, the insertion of the barrels also allows the PCBs 77 to be aligned with appropriate connectors provided on the control electronics, thereby ensuring that insertion of the barrels 70 into the framework 78 also automatically couples the barrel to the control electronics, thereby simplifying the process of producing the matrix 34.
The control electronics which form the firing system typically include a circuit adapted to generate pulses of electricity which are applied to the ignition means 18, 75. This can be achieved using a hard-wired ignition system constructed using either metal barrels to act as one of the required connections to the ignition means, or through use of barrels cast from reaction injection moulded (RIM) thermo-set PDCPD, with wires embedded therein. In either case, the ignition means are generally in the form of SCBs as described above.
In the above mentioned case, it is possible to provide a respective connection to each ignition means in each barrel within an array. Alternatively it is also possible to utilise a two-wire ignition system in which the mesh planes 52 and lateral supports 55 would be replaced with a single loop of wire spanning either side of each barrel in the entire system. Selective ignition would be based upon coded SCBs or through the utilisation of varying resistances for different ignition means 18. In this case, the firing system would be adapted to generate coded pulses, or pulses having different current magnitudes.
An example of the control systems will now be described in more detail with respect to
In use, the sensors are used to provide signals representative of the position of the target missile relative to the kill vehicle 10. The processor 65 obtains signals from the sensors 61, and then uses these to select a projectile deployment pattern in accordance with pattern data stored in the memory 66. The processor 65 then generates suitable signals to thereby activate the firing systems 26, and deploy the projectiles as required. In this case, a respective firing system 26 may be provided for each barrel, or each barrel array 30. However, typically a single firing system will be provided for all the barrel arrays 30. For example, in the case of the barrel matrix 34 shown in
In any event, it will be appreciated from this that the control system can be implemented in a number of ways. For example, the control system can be adapted to receive signals from the sensors 61 mounted to the missiles 10.
Typically in this case the sensors 61 would include an array of sensory technology that can be used to detect the presence of the target missile, and optionally guide the kill vehicle 10 to intercept the target missile. As will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art, such technologies are often deemed classified, and as a result, detail is not provided in this document. However, examples of sensory technologies used in the detection of target missiles and the guidance of kill vehicles 10 include (but are not limited to):
In any event, the sensors are typically mounted to the front of the kill vehicle to detect targets in front of the kill vehicle.
However, remote sensing may also be used, in which case, the sensors may be in the form of satellites, adapted to sense the position of both the kill vehicle 10 and the target missile 32. In this case, an indication of the respective missile positions can be transferred to the processing system 60 via an appropriate wireless communications system, as will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art.
Alternatively, the processing system 60 may be positioned remotely to the missile. For example the processing system 60 may be located in a satellite, in a ground based base station, such as a command centre or the like. The processing system 60 would be adapted to activate the firing system 26 via an appropriate wireless communications system.
In either case, the processing system 60 will be adapted to determine the relative positions of the missiles and then access pattern data stored in the memory 66. This may be in the form of a Look-Up Table (LUT), which specifies the optimum projectile deployment pattern that should be used to maximise the chances of destroying the target missile.
In particular, the LUT will specify from which barrels 20 and which barrel arrays 30 projectiles are to be deployed for different sizes and intercept courses for the target missile 32. It will be appreciated that this may be in the form of commands for controlling the switching to thereby control the connection between a firing circuit and selected ones of the mesh planes 56 and lateral connectors 55.
Thus, in general, the processor 65 will determine the likely velocity of the target missile at interception and then taking into account the type of missile, select an appropriate projectile deployment pattern. For example, the cross sectional area of the target missile will be used to determine the maximum separation distance X between projectiles, and hence the deployment radius R and the associated rate of deployment of the projectiles. Similarly, the relative positioning and velocity of the target missile will result in modification of the projectile positioning.
The processing system 60 will then determine the time at which the interception is to occur, and time the deployment of the projectiles 21 accordingly.
It will also be appreciated from the above that the processing system 60 may form part of the flight control system 14 adapted to control the missile trajectory.
Some examples will now be described with respect to
Thus, it will be appreciated that if the missiles are approaching with a less than optimum angle, the processing system 60 will select the largest size projectile deployment pattern (ie. the one extending to the largest number of deployment radii) available to thereby maximise a chance of the target missile being successfully intercepted. However, if the missile is approaching at a more optimum angle, the processing system 60 may reduce the number of deployment radii to which the projectiles will extend with the required separation distance to thereby maximise the number of hits against the missile that will be achieved.
Thus, there may be situations however, in which the grid is not required to be deployed to the maximum radius. In these situations the grid can be deployed to a smaller number of deployment radii, ensuring multiple projectile interceptions within the chosen radius.
For example, with 29 projectile arrays 30, table 1 indicates that if the grid is only deployed to 3 deployment radii, 7 barrel planes would be required with 22 left over. The left over barrel-planes can be used to blanket the required radius with multiple sets of grids (in which no 2 projectiles are separated by more than the diameter of the enemy missile).
It can be seen from the above table that at 3 deployment radii, 4 sets of grids can be deployed (thus ensuring at least 4 projectile interceptions with 1-12 further projectile interceptions being likely) with 1 barrel-plane left over. This relationship is summarised in the table 2 below:
Number of expected
projectile interceptions.
Distance between
of likely
covered in
ie. the number of
complete projectile-grids
in enemy missile
radii R
covering the radius
In the case, each barrel array would be skewed by 13.85/29=0.48 degrees as to one another (in a 'twisting' fashion from top to bottom). This means that (for example) if the grid (using all of the 29 barrel-planes available) is only deployed to one deployment radius, the distance between any two projectile lines in the grid is no more than 1/29 enemy missile diameter.
Similarly in this scenario, firing could be timed such that the projectiles in each line from any particular barrel-plane would be fired 1/29 of an enemy missile diameter later' than each adjacent barrel-plane, in sequential fashion. This means that if enemy missile diameter is set to 1 m (deployment radius therefore being 4 m), any object larger than 3.4 cm diameter cannot pass through the grid without intercepting at least 29 projectiles (with 1-87 further projectile interceptions being likely).
The barrel-plane cylinder could also deploy projectiles in a 'ring' shape such that at 7 deployment radii (7�4 m) for example, the distance between projectiles is only 25 cm.
The ring would have a depth of 4 enemy missile diameters and could be deployed up to 28 deployment radii and maintain a grid in which no 2 projectiles are separated by more than enemy missile diameter.
This relationship is summarised in table 3 below.
Number of
Distance ring is
Number of
Distance between
likely further
deployed to in
expected projectile
lines in enemy
deployment radii
missile diameters
It will therefore be appreciated that the control system can select a respective one of the firing patterns outlined above, as well as variations thereon, in order to maximise the chance of successfully disabling the target missile, and any deployed sub-munitions.
When controlling the projectile deployment pattern for a missile system such as that described above, it is also useful to take into account a number of additional factors, such as:
In the configuration described above, the total weight of the support system, barrels and projectiles is under 50 kg, thereby allowing the assembly to be mounted to existing missiles/kill vehicles.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that a number of different barrel arrays can be used. Thus, for example, a barrel array could be used to deploy projectiles in front of the kill vehicle 10, in which case the operation of the control system is adapted accordingly. Such a configuration is useful for destroying sub-munitions (decoys/balloons) ejected in front of the main target missile, as well as in for providing additional opportunity for a successful hit on the missile itself, as described above with respect to
An example configuration will now be described. For example, assuming the muzzle velocity of the .22 cal projectiles is 300 m/s and the velocity of the enemy missile relative to the kill vehicle 10 is 7,000 m/s. This provides a closing velocity of 7,300 m/s. Now, in order that the missile has ten seconds (example time period) to manoeuvre after projectile impact, the projectile grid must be fired when the kill vehicle 10 is 7.3�10=73 km from the enemy missile. Using this distance, we can calculate what angle between the forward-facing barrels provides an appropriate projectile pattern at this distance. In this example, the separation angle A between projectiles is given by:—
A=tan−1(1/7300)=0.0078 degrees.
It will be taken throughout this document that such an angle is negligible when considering the design aspects of the system, and accordingly, it can assumed that the barrel array is a cylinder, with circumferentially spaced barrels extending parallel to the missile body axis 12, as shown in
In particular, a cuboid of these dimensions could include 30 barrels with 31, 0.5 cm spacings in between and on either edge takes up (30�0.56)+(31�0.5)=32.3 cm. This gives us a total of 30�30=900 barrels. The area of the leading face of the cuboid=32.3�32.3=1043 cm2. The area of a circle of this diameter is (pi)(16.15)2=819 cm2. Thus proportionally, the cylinder would comprise (819/1043)�900=707 barrels.
A central support cylinder 51 is generally provided to house the processing system 60 and other appropriate electronics. A cuboid of these dimensions would house approx 5�5=25 barrels. The area a square of these dimensions is 25 cm2 and a circle of these dimensions 20 cm2. Subtracting 20 barrels from the previous total of 707 to come to the end result of approximately 687 barrels. Subtracting 5 cm of free bore and 2 cm of space at the base of the barrels there is 24 cm of barrel left to hold projectiles—12 projectiles per barrel. There are thus 687�12=8244 projectiles in the barrel array.
Upon first impact the projectile grid would be 30 m in diameter with a 1 m separation between lead projectiles. The natural inherent dispersion between projectiles from the same barrel would reduce this distance to a statistically appropriate average.
The configuration can be built using a grid system of radial, circular and lateral connectors, similar to that shown in
Again, the total weight of such a system will be under 50 kg.
Alternatively, the barrel array 40 may be formed by mounting barrels, such as the barrels shown in
In this example, it will be appreciated that if the barrel are similar to the barrels 70, then the barrels may include a PCB 77 which is adapted to connect the barrel to the control electronics. The manner in which this is achieved will depend on the implementation. Fr example, the barrel array may use a substantially planar support into which the breach ends of the barrels are provided, with the control electronics being housed in an appropriate cavity on the underside of the planar support. In this case, the PCBs can then be adapted to be inserted through suitable holes in the planar support, to interface directly with appropriate connectors on the control electronics.
Alternatively, for example, the control electronics can be housed in a central support cylinder, provided along the body axis. In this case, the barrels are circumferentially spaced around the central support cylinder, and it is therefore necessary to connect the PCBs 77 to the control electronics using additional connections. This, may be achieved for example by having appropriate connections, such as a purpose built PCB extending along the planar supports, to the control electronics in the central support cylinder, as will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art.
A further example of use of the barrel arrays will now be described with respect to
In this example, the kill vehicle includes a set of barrel arrays 15A in the tail portion of the kill vehicle in order to allow additional modification of the kill vehicle's momentum, as will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art.
In general, the firing of a single line of projectiles 31 from the barrel array 30, and another line of projectiles 31A from the barrel array 30A, will only impart a minimal momentum change on the kill vehicle, and accordingly, it is typical for a number of projectile lines 31, 31A to be deployed, to thereby increase the change in momentum on the kill vehicle 10, as will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art.
It will therefore be appreciated that a wide range of configurations can be used, and that any number of barrel arrays of different designs may be incorporated into a missile in a manner similar to that described above. Appropriate control of the projectile deployment by the processing system 60 can then be used to deploy the projectiles in a predetermined pattern, thereby increasing the likelihood of disabling a target missile.
It will be appreciated that the kill vehicle 10 can also be used to intercept other targets, including both static and moving targets. In this case, the projectile deployment pattern can be adapted depending on the respective target. Thus, for example, the deployment pattern may be spread out over a wide area, or concentrated, to thereby maximise damage to a target, or to allow multiple targets to be hit simultaneously, using a single kill vehicle 10.
It will also be appreciated that the barrel arrays could be mounted to vehicles other than kill vehicles, depending on the circumstances in which they are to be used. Thus, for example, the barrel arrays could be mounted directly to missiles, or the like. The use of the term kill vehicle throughout the specification is therefore by way of example only, and it will be appreciated that the projectile deployment system could be mounted to and implemented on any device. Thus, the projectile deployment system may be integrated into any target intercept device.
Preferably the target intercept device is however propelled, with the device being propelled primarily in a forward direction substantially parallel to the body axis, as will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art, and as described above, although this is not essential.
It will be noted that the target missile will impact on the projectiles with a relative velocity of up to and beyond Mach 23. In this case, deployment of a homogenous, grid-like field of projectiles, in which all projectiles are separated by slightly less than the cross-sectional diameter of the target missile, ensures that the target missile will impact on at least some of the projectiles in the field.
Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that numerous variations and modifications will become apparent. All such variations and modifications which become apparent to persons skilled in the art, should be considered to fall within the spirit and scope that the invention broadly appearing before described.
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Owner name: METAL STORM LIMITED, AUSTRALIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:O DWYER, SEAN PATRICK;REEL/FRAME:016949/0178
Effective date: 20050223
|Mar 15, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Oct 9, 2015
Owner name: DEFENDTEX PTY. LTD., AUSTRALIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:METAL STORM LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:036767/0431
Effective date: 20150817


text:
The Problem is I am in the Middle of a File with
fseek Next exists some Bytes of Length
m that I want to replace with Bytes of length
n. simple
write will keep
m-n bytes still there. If
m > n and if
m < n some Bytes (
n-m) that I am not willing to change will be overwritten.
I just want to replace a known
startPos to endPos Byte Stream with variable length Bytes. What is the Best Solution.
-- EDIT -- Though It can be done by taking a Backup. do there exists any direct solution ? This is too Messy ? and Kind of Poor Coding.
o = fopen(original, 'r')
b = fopen(backup, 'w')
while(fpos(o) <= startPos){
buffer += fgetc(o)
fwrite(b, buffer)
fwrite(b, replaceMentBytes)
buffer = ""
fseek(o, endPos)
buffer += fgetc(o)
fwrite(b, buffer)
//now Copy backup to original

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- Anonym
- USA, Kvinde, 18-24
- Nybörjarnomad
- 1 Recension
House Tina is a beautiful, quiet hostel! Perfect location if you are visiting Plitvice Lakes. It's less than 10 minutes drive from Entrance 1. Ljubica, the owner, was incredibly hospitable, even though my boyfriend and I got there earlier than check-in time, she still welcomed us. My boyfriend got sick and they gave us some medicine until we could get to a pharmacy. The hospitality they showed us was awesome! Also for 7 Euro they made us an awesome breakfast with eggs, cheese, toast, meats, etc.
Hostelworld mobilappar
Boka på språng med de nya Hostelworld-mobilapparna


text:
The Jasonville City Council learned Tuesday night Phase II of the Water Treatment Project was nearly complete.
"All of the easements are complete. All the information will be sent to the title company, then to Rural Development, then they will be released from IDEM (Indiana Department of Environmental Management)," Utilities Superintendent Troy Fougerousse said.
Last month Attorney Jeff Hawkins of Hawkins Law informed the council he still had three easements to acquire before Phase II could near completion.
"We are looking at (accepting) bidding by the first of December now," Fougerousse said.
Jim Johnson said the Jasonville Heritage Museum was very well received at the Jasonville/Shakamak High School Homecoming.
"We had a very successful weekend at the museum. We had over 200 people come in the museum and everyone seemed pleased with the new look," Johnson said.
Johnson said he would like to especially thank Barb Clayton, Dode Sexton, Marge Johnson, JD Johnson and Jerry Miller for their efforts completing this phase of the project.
The museum has one new member and five pledges who will be sending their donations to the museum soon. Johnson noted he picked up a grant check from Utilities District of Western Indiana REMC in the amount of $250.
Johnson encouraged everyone to visit the museum and see the hard work in installing a new stair case and two newly remodeled rooms.
"You guys have really done a great job with the limited number of funds," Jasonville Mayor Roy Terrell said.
The council voted unanimously to have 11 trees on Main Street downtown replaced and mulched. They accepted a bid from Colonial Landscaping to replace and mulch around the trees in the amount of $1,464.29.
Terrell said some of the trees were damaged or broken along Main Street.
Clerk-treasurer Jane Landry said the bill on the rental of the dumpsters for two days for the community clean up day in the amount of $1,385.19.
"I don't know what the cost was before, but it was a lot more than that before," Terrell said.
Landry said she believed the price was higher before too, and was waiting to see if there would be another bill sent.
Council member Peggy Sluder noted the dumpsters appeared to be well used by the community.
Jasonville Police Department Assistant Chief Jim Gadberry told the council the department was especially proud of efforts of police officers Ryan VanHorn and Andrew Duguay.
The two officers put in extra efforts with the Greene County Drug Task Force to take down three members of a methamphetamine lab in Jasonville.
"I believe these guys are doing a great job," Gadberry said.
He added Homecoming went surprisingly smoother than previous years.
"Homecoming went well, everyone had a good time and no one went to jail," Gadberry said with a laugh.
Gadberry noted the department began training for the Spillman/CAD program, and should be going live by Nov. 1.
Gadberry added the department made seven arrests: one domestic batter; one wanted on warrant; two operating a vehicle while intoxicated; and three methamphetamine related.
They also gave four tickets, had 14 case reports, handled two crashes, gave 12 assists to other departments, and issued four gun permits and five title checks.
Terrell made the announcement the Jasonville Police Department will be sponsoring the Fire Safety Prevention Program at Hanna Field from 4 to 8 p.m Saturday. It will feature a free bean dinner and fire trucks on display.
Council member Brad Duncan noted the Jasonville Chamber of Commerce has installed new "Welcome to Jasonville: Gateway to Shakamak" sign at the entrance of town.
The Chamber will soon be working to install a new football field sign.
The Jasonville City Council will be meeting in special session at 5:30 p.m. Monday, Oct. 15 in the Senior Center Building.


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Definition of Miró, Joan in English:
Miró, Joan
(1893–1983), Spanish painter. A prominent figure of surrealism, he painted a brightly colored fantasy world of variously spiky and amoebic calligraphic forms against plain backgrounds.
Definition of Miró, Joan in:
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Hayley Williams.
Photo: Getty Images
Excuse us for a second while we have a quick freakout session because YOU GUYS… Hayley Williams is teaming up with MAC Cosmetics on a makeup collection! Oh, and get this— it's ALL orange. How perfect, right? Following in the super glam footsteps of recent MAC celeb collaborators like Rihanna and Nicki Minaj, the Paramore frontwoman has joined forces with the beauty company on a 4-piece line, out in April. And according to Hayley, the partnership is totally organic. As she explained to People StyleWatch about her decision to collab with MAC, "I didn't wear makeup at all. Photographers would beg me to wear chapstick and I'd say no…I went to a [store] and picked up orange eyeshadow from MAC, that was the beginning of the end. It's been key in making me feel like I have an onstage personality." Makeup has been a big part of Hayley's star transformation in both performances and music videos, like the band's new clip for "Now", and we can't wait to see what the collection looks like in person. Get even more details on the collab below!
Orange is Hayley's trademark hue ("It matches my soul," she told People), so it makes total sense, then, that it would play a major role in the MAC collection. Each item— lipstick, eyeshadow, blush/bronzer, nail polish— comes in bright orange. So whether you're ready to dive right in with the tangerine lipstick orrrr start slow with your nails, it doesn't matter, because there's clearly something for everyone. See Hayley Williams's MAC collection here and let us know which one you'll pick up when it lands online April 9th!
Like us on Facebook so we can be friends and follow us on Twitter @MTVstyle to talk.


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CR0026 4WD Lightweight Aluminum Alloy Mobile Robot Kit for Arduino - Silver + Yellow
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4WD Lightweight Aluminum Alloy Mobile Robot Kit for Arduino - Black + Yellow
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iHerb Customer Reviews
Savings of: $0.83 (16% off)
tripple tea detox
Posted by stopmerelyexsisting on Apr 08, 2016
I love how fast my skin is clearing up after using this! My skin feels tighter, smoother, and acne free! Heck toxin free! I love drinking this 3 times a day really helps lift my mood, the minty flavor is awesome! Everyone should experience this
Good Product
Posted by 5662047373684975918 on Dec 12, 2015
This product I have used before and it is very good to detox your body. You can add a little honey or Truvia and it tastes great.
Not that good!
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The taste is good but it's not working..!
Posted by Reviewer3336740 on Oct 22, 2015
The first tea tasted weird (I dont add any sugar to my teas) but then I liked it. It works
It worked
Posted by 5698323975356349324 on Jul 10, 2015
I found this tea to taste fairly pleasant. More importantly it actually did induce detox symptoms (sweating, slight acne breakout, slightly diuretic). I used two tea bags the first day as a test for an allergic reaction, four the second and eight third. Noticed detox symptoms on the third. Drawbacks, you really have to drink a lot of this stuff to get a detox effect. To get a proper detox from this you'd probably have to drink at least 8-12 tea bags a day for about a week. Might consider buying 3 to 4 boxes next year and doing it again if I don't find anything stronger.
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I use this with the Super Slimming tea for quick results. Steep the tea bags for strength. Do not add sweetener.
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1 person found the following review helpful
best brand
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just one word amazing
Makes me break out
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excellent flavor! love this tea I stock up!
not bad
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good to have


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BUTTE -- Emmett Doyle, 94, died Sunday (April 14, 2002) at Avera St. Anthony's Hospital in O'Neill.
He was born June 5, 1907, at Brocksburg to Edward and Dora (Munger) Doyle.
In 1928, he married Hazel Williams in Winner, S.D. They made their home in Brocksburg where they operated a family ranch.
He was preceded in death by his parents; his wife, Hazel; one son, Leroy; one brother; six sisters; and three grandchildren.
Survivors include one son, Harlan of Butte; three daughters, Delores Schmitz of Lynch; Marian and husband, Darrell Finwall of Aberdeen, S.D., and DeAnna and husband, Darrell Schrader of Rapid City, S.D.; one sister, Patricia Moore of Newport; one brother, George and wife, Amber Doyle of Newport; twenty one grandchildren; fifty great-grandchildren; and twelve great-great-grandchildren. Local survivors include a grandson, Craig and wife, Linda Schmitz of Trenton.
Services were today, 10:30 a.m. at the St. Peter & Paul Catholic Church at Butte with the Rev. Ladell Lape officiating. Burial will be in the Sacred Heart Cemetery at Gregory, S.D.
Notice courtesy of Herrmann Funeral Home of McCook.


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im 6"1' and im buying a kink curb off a friend for like a hundered dollars. and i wanna get a new frame for it. should i get a 21 inch or what size is good?
im 6"1' and im buying a kink curb off a friend for like a hundered dollars. and i wanna get a new frame for it. should i get a 21 inch or what size is good?
I'm not sure what you're asking, I can't stop staring at that girl's bewbs
lololjk. 21" should be okay, but it's really all personal preference
The Bike | Instagram | Hookit | Monster Army | Vimeo | Second Vimeo | YouTube | LATEST EDIT!
21 or up if your 6 plus would probably be best
i put that picture there so i can jack off while im on here haha jk. but sick, what are good frames? i was lookin at the verde cartel yeagle
What's your price range? Street/Park/Dirt?
price is between 2 and 3 hundred, and mainly street but some park
Ride other people's bikes and see how they feel. I'm just under 6' and I prefer 21.25" and wouldn't go for anything less.
Edited Date/Time:
If your under 6 but are fairly tallish get a 20.75. once you get to 6 feet,get a 21 or maybe something a bit bigger. Remember,There's some guys who are 6.5 and taller who still ride 21's,it's just preference and what your riding. Street should be a bit smaller. Dirt you'd want a bit more room
Instagram : @bbbrayydeenn
YouTube edit : http://youtu.be/iLtFekn1ZIc
"Probably a glitch from destiny dipshit spamming the forum earlier because he has no life and got bored of fiddling with his cock to old Nickelodeon cartoons. " -SundaybmxRR
Im 6ft and just got a 21" BTM Feels great compared to the 20"Standard 250s i was running


text:
SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico -- The DePauw women's basketball team picked up its second win in as many days by beating No. 8 Messiah on Wednesday, 63-49.
Junior Alex Gassaway had a game-high 25 points to lead the Tigers.
The two teams entered halftime tied at 28, but DePauw went used a huge rebound advantage (46-25) to propel itself to victory.
The top-ranked Tigers (9-0) host Rose-Hulman on Dec. 29 at 5 p.m.


text:
Multinational holding company RPM International, parent company of Carboline, announced a record third quarter in its 2016 fiscal year, which ended Feb. 29.
In support of educational outreach programs in the Pittsburgh area, PPG recently donated more than $385,000 in grants to local organizations through its charitable arm, The PPG Foundation.
The company known for the controversial Keystone Pipeline project, which sought to carry crude oil from the oil sands in Alberta, Canada, through the U.S. and on to the Gulf of Mexico, has a...
In a deal valued at $11.3 billion, The Sherwin-Williams Company and The Valspar Corporation jointly announced that they have entered into a definitive agreement under which Sherwin-Williams ...
In a shift of the global performance coatings landscape, global paint and coatings giant AkzoNobel has agreed to buy BASF's industrial coatings business for €475 million ($531 million), the ...
Dutch paints and specialty chemicals firm AkzoNobel has put to rest recent industry speculation that it is pursuing the purchase of BASF's Industrial Coatings business.
Nearly three-quarters of American construction firms plan to add workers in 2016, according to a survey released this week.
The U.S. Department of Transportation's Maritime Administration (MARAD) is making funding available in support
Global liquid and powder coating supplier Axalta Coating Systems has appointed a new executive to its leadership team.
Hexion Inc., based in Columbus, OH, announced Wednesday (Nov. 18) that it is expanding its waterborne epoxy resin production capacity in Tianjin, China.
Hampered by cancelled orders and delays in construction of offshore facilities, the world's three largest shipbuilders are tracking to record major financial losses in 2015.
Sherwin-Williams has turned to one of its long-standing managers to lead the company starting next year.
Global paints and coatings company AkzoNobel has launched what it calls the "first ever digital tool" for the shipping industry, it said in an announcement Thursday (Oct. 15).
Protective and marine coatings sales helped improve the bottom line for PPG Industries Inc. during the company's third quarter of 2015.
Global laboratory-based testing group Exova has opened its first facility in the northeast United States, according to the company's announcement Monday (Oct. 12).
Carboline parent company RPM International Inc. acknowledged unfavorable weather conditions and exchange rates contributed to "tepid results" in the first quarter of its 2016 fiscal year, wh...
Chemical giant Ashland Inc. is splitting into two companies so that each can focus on a different share of its focused markets.
Citing a drop in available work, Newport News Shipbuilding—the sole builder of U.S. Navy aircraft carriers and one of two builders constructing nuclear-powered submarines—laid off 480 salari...
Axalta Coating Systems has announced the appointment of Matthias Schönberg as Vice President of Axalta and President of its Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) region.
South Korea's troubled shipyards are dealing with yet another blow: striking workers.
Coatings giant PPG Industries has formally acquired IVC Industrial Coatings, Inc., the company announced Tuesday (Sep. 1).
A decline in the North American market has led German chemicals giant BASF to exit the dimer and polyamide resin business.
Multinational holding company RPM International announced historic results for its fourth quarter in fiscal 2015, which ended May 31.
LEVERKUSEN, GERMANY--The venerable Bayer MaterialScience business will be sporting a "new, colorful and vibrant" identity when it starts courting investors for its planned spinoff next year.
AMHERST, MA—It's not fraud; it's a new business model.
AMSTERDAM—AkzoNobel has finalized a €153 million ($170.4 million USD) divestment of its paper chemicals business to Kemira Oyj, the Netherlands-based company announced Monday (May 4).
PITTSBURGH—Flattened sales growth and an unfavorable currency translation hit hard, but earnings climbed for PPG Industries in the first quarter of 2015, the company reported Thursday (April...
A multinational deal now underway will create an industrial access, insulation and corrosion-protection giant with the reach of 17,000 employees across Europe and the Middle East.
Jotun Pakistan's blanket marketing claim of being "No. 1 in Paints" has again drawn the wrath of that country's antitrust agency, which has ordered the coating maker to drop the boast and pa...
Permasense, a global manufacturer of remote pipeline monitoring technology, has opened its first North American office in Houston, TX.
A former Ennis Paint executive has been sentenced to four years and five months in prison for stealing more than $1 million from the pavement coatings manufacturer.
U.S. coating makers have lost a two-year legal fight to block California from imposing detailed reporting requirements on the industry's paint recycling program.
Construction firms from Los Angeles to London will be posting "Help Wanted" signs by the hundreds of thousands in the years ahead, according to two new job forecasts.
The owner of an asphalt company who doctored the scene of his employee's fatal accident will pay $20,000 in fines and restitution to the victim's widow, but avoid a jail sentence, under a fe...
The Valspar Corp. is giving thanks this week for its coatings segment, where booming sales of general industrial, coil and other coatings helped deliver record results for 2014.
AkzoNobel says it has been the victim of up to $66.5 million in "external fraud" at its Chicago office.
PPG Industries' speedy acquisition of Mexico's largest paint and coatings maker is a done deal.
PPG Industries will wait a bit longer for Mexico's decision on the company's $2.3 billion bid to take over that country's largest paint and coatings maker.
Working to keep pace with its ballooning architectural coatings business, PPG Industries has opened a new North American headquarters facility.
Building on its own Human Cities urban renewal campaign, AkzoNobel has now thrown its support behind 100 Resilient Cities, a new global project of The Rockefeller Foundation.
Widespread employer concern over the public reporting of workplace injuries and illnesses has prompted U.S. regulators to rethink the plan.
Mexico's largest coatings producer has filed suit against Sherwin-Williams, blaming the Cleveland paint maker for the implosion of its plan to buy the Latin American supplier, Reuters report...
A construction contractor will pay $2.4 million for faking a disadvantaged-business requirement in order to win a $39.6 million contract in Connecticut, the FBI announced Monday (April 7).
Twice denied a regulatory blessing, the largest paint retailers in the U.S. and Mexico have finally broken off their $2.34 billion engagement.
Protective coatings maker Tesla NanoCoatings says it is poised for significant growth with a new "strategic partnership" and major investment by a Korean chemical firm.
Paint maker Benjamin Moore & Company has appointed a career retailing executive as its third CEO in two years.
Having wrapped the sell-off of major segments of its architectural coatings division, AkzoNobel has announced plans to aggressively reorganize and streamline the rest of the business by the ...
PPG Industries and AkzoNobel will invest more than $125 million in new coating manufacturing facilities in Russia and China to expand production in those regions, the companies have announce...
For the second time in 15 months, Warren E. Buffett has abruptly canned the head of his paint and coatings business.
Diversified global industrial company Harsco Corp. has announced the $300 million sale of its Infrastructure division into a $3 billion joint venture that will combine the business with Bran...
Sluggishness in industrial coatings and international markets led the Valspar Corp. to reduce its annual earnings guidance Tuesday (Aug. 13) in the wake of a disappointing third quarter.
Global coatings instrument maker Elcometer Inc. is locked in federal-court litigation with a former employee and distributor over allegations of unlawful marketing tactics designed to steal ...
Subcontractors who must soon navigate the complex dictates of the new federal health-care law have a new guide from the American Subcontractors Association.
What's more important: the privacy of a customer list or the possible need to reach those customers about product dangers?
The future of some public-works and other major construction projects in the Northeastern U.S. is uncertain following the indictment of a New Jersey engineering firm and seven executives in ...
Two owners of a western Pennsylvania powder coating company have been sentenced to federal prison for bilking investors out of $1.4 million.
ITW Polymers Coatings North America has announced the grand opening of its newest manufacturing plant, in Houston, TX.
After 153 years, Leighs Paints is no more. The U.S.-based Sherwin-Williams Company, which bought the long-independent UK coatings producer in 2011, has announced that it has officially folde...
Specialty chemicals maker Evonik Degussa Corporation has dropped "Degussa" from its name and is now operating as Evonik Corporation.
Britain's Office of Fair Trading has blocked AkzoNobel's proposed acquisition of Metlac Holding, ruling that the deal would substantially reduce competition in metal coatings for beer and be...
International Paint LLC, an AkzoNobel company, has announced the opening of Protective Coatings Centers across the U.S. and Canada.
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Units management in MapleSim removes the risk of conversion and consistency errors in your model. You can attach units to your component parameters and maintain them throughout your model simulation.