text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 4, 1980
|Filing date
|Aug 21, 1978
|Priority date
|Aug 21, 1978
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Arthur R. Zingher
|Original Assignee
|Zingher Arthur R
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (10), Referenced by (5), Classifications (19)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention generally relates to devices for projecting an image of a projection member, such as a transparency, through an optical system to form an apparent image thereof. More specifically, the present invention includes apparatus for altering or writing on the projection member by means of a writing light which is directed through the optical system in reverse fashion, and is focussed on a recording member disposed adjacent to the projection member.
For example, this invention allows an operator to use microfiche as a notebook which can accept additions and notations. This contrasts with the present situation in which it is difficult to overwrite new information on microfiche. This situation is as if printing had been developed, but the pen or pencil was as yet unknown.
This invention can also be applied to optical inspection and alteration of a workpiece under fabrication or repair.
The following U.S. Pat. Nos. are the most pertinent prior art known to the applicant: 3,892,965, 3,659,933, 3,650,612, 3,492,728, 3,480,965, 3,473,451, 3,915,567.
The prior art discloses several methods for marking or otherwise altering a projection member which is being viewed as an apparent image through an optical system. One such method uses a heated resistor which fuses and erases a portion of a microfilm frame. Other methods use styli which are driven to rub against a film surface and scrape the recorded information thereon from a local area thereof. Other methods employ flash tubes for pyrogenically altering a film transparency, or chemical means for etching a projection surface which creates an image. Other techniques involve super position of new and old informational images, so that the combined images may be rephotographed and stored.
All of these prior art methods suffer from serious disadvantages; they are either extremely expensive, or destructive of the projection member, or extremely cumbersome, or so time consuming that the value of the information added to the projection member is negated by the time required to record it.
The present invention generally comprises an apparatus for recording information on a projection member which is being viewed as an apparent image through an optical transmission system. The apparatus is capable of adding or subtracting information from the projection member virtually instantaneously, and involves only minor modifications of existing optical projection systems.
One significant use for the present invention is in conjunction with microfiche information storage. It is well known that microfiche cards are a convenient and efficient way of storing information in a format which occupies far less volume than information printed on paper. A significant disadvantage of microfiche information storage, especially in contrast to printed paper storage, is that there is no effective means for adding or altering the information on the microfiche transparency. This is true of other optical recording systems, including microfilm, microcard, slides, and films.
The present invention overcomes this deficiency by providing an apparatus which permits an individual to mark or otherwise write on the microfiche image as it is being displayed. The apparatus includes a writing light in the form of a light pen which is directed through the viewing screen of a microfiche card reader, and is aimed at the portion of the image which is to be altered. The microfiche card is provided with a recording transparency disposed directly adjacent thereto, through which the projection beam of the card reader, as well as the writing light from the light pen, passes. The beam from the light pen passes in reverse fashion through the projection optics of the card reader, and is focussed to an intense spot on the recording transparency. The recording transparency is particularly sensitive to the wavelength of the writing light beam, and is altered by the intensely focussed spot to form a local mark. This mark then becomes incorporated in the projected image, so that the mark, or script, or the like, appears to have been written directly on the apparent projected image of the microfiche card. This invention includes several mechanism which assure that the recording transparency is not altered by the projection beam acting alone.
In one embodiment, the microfiche card reader is provided with a filter interposed between the projection light and the recording transparency. The filter removes from the projection beam those wavelengths which will stimulate and alter the recording slide. Thus the recording slide will be sensitive only to the writing beam from the light pen, and not the projection beam alone.
It is important to note that the present invention employs the existing magnifying optical system of a typical microfiche card reader, except that the optical system is used in a reverse fashion to focus the writing light to an intense spot on the recording transparency. Thus the present invention advantageously uses the existing optical system in a typical microfiche card reader, and requires little modification thereof to enable information to be added to the microfiche card frame.
The invention also has broader application, in that any optical projection path may be used reversably to irradiate locally a workpiece while it is being optically inspected. That is, the projection and recording transparencies may be replaced by a workpiece which is altered by the writing light projected reversely through the optics to produce useful work on the workpiece.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention, shown operating in the projection mode.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the present invention, shown operating in the writing mode.
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a prior art form of a microfiche card reader.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the present invention as applied to the prior art card reader shown in FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of another prior art microfiche card reading device.
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the present invention used in conjunction with the prior art device shown in FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of a binocular microscope known in the prior art.
FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of the present invention used in conjunction with the binocular microscope used in FIG. 7.
The present invention generally comprises an apparatus for projecting an image forming member through an optical system to form an apparent image thereof, and also for directing a writing light beam in reverse fashion through the optical system to alter the image forming member. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, one form of the present invention includes a projection light source 11, and a concave reflector 12 disposed adjacent thereto for directing the projection light along an optical axis 13. The projection light passes through a collimating lens 14, and through a projection light filter 16. The projection light filter removes certain wavelengths from the spectrum of wavelengths of light present in the projection light. The purpose of this filter will be explained in greater detail in the following.
Disposed on the optical axis downstream from the filter 16 is a projection transparency 17. This transparency may comprise a photographic slide, a microfilm frame, a microfiche frame, an integrated circuit wafer, or the like. Disposed directly adjacent to the projection transparency 17 is a recording transparency 18. The recording transparency 18 may be integrated with the projection transparency 17, or may comprise a separate member which is maintained in direct adjacent relationship with the projection transparency 17 by mechanical or adhesive means. It is significant that the recording transparency 18 is, in its original state, transparent, and that it responds to that bandwidth which is removed from the projection light by the filter 16. The portion of the recording transparency which is exposed to that bandwidth of light becomes optically marked. The sensitivity of the recording transparency 18 is such that the response time is virtually instantaneous. However, it may be useful to make the mark more permanent with a subsequent fixation process.
Disposed on the optical axis adjacent to the recording transparency 18 is a bi-directional focussing means 19. Although in FIGS. 1 and 2 this bi-directional focussing means is represented as a single convex lens, it may be appreciated that a multiple lens system may be employed for bi-directional focussing. The bi-directional focussing means 19 focusses the projection light passing through the projection transparency 17 onto a viewing screen 22 so that an apparent image is formed thereon. A field element lens 21, comprising any positive lens such as a plano-convex lens or a Fresnel lens is disposed closely spaced to the viewing screen 22. Due to the proximity of the field element lens 21 and viewing screen 22, the field element lens has little or no effect on the focussing of the image from the projection transparency 17 on the viewing surface 22. However, the field element lens guides the writing beam to reduce vignetting during writing. A transparent writing surface 23 faces the viewing surface 22, on the opposite side from the field element lens 21.
The filtered projection light that passes through the filter 16 illuminates the projection transparency 17, and recording transparency 18, and that light passes through the bi-directional focussing means and the field element lens to form an image on the viewing screen 22. It may be appreciated that the viewing screen 22 includes means for scattering the projection light so that the apparent image can be seen by a viewer off the optical axis 13. The image is magnified, so that a viewer may study the information contained in the projection transparency.
A salient feature of the present invention is that it provides apparatus for selectively altering portions of the recording transparency to mark, write on, or otherwise alter the image which is projected onto the viewing screen 22. This alteration may become permanent, in the case of a recording transparency which is permanently joined to the projection transparency, or it may be erasable or removable in the case of a recording transparency which is only mechanically joined to the projection transparency.
The apparatus includes a light pen 26 which is provided with a writing light source 27. The writing light source 27 emits light in a bandwidth which falls within the range of sensitivity of the recording transparency 18. In the preferred embodiment the writing light source comprises a diode injection laser which is driven by a pulsed power supply 31 at a very low duty factor. The writing light passes through an aperture 28 in the light pen 26, and is focussed by a collimating lens 29 to a spot on the viewing surface 22. This is shown in FIG. 2.
The light pen 26 is aligned normal to a transparent writing surface 23, so that its light enters normal to the surface. The writing light passing through the viewing screen 22 is guided by the field element lens 21 into the bi-directional focussing means 19. The bi-directional focussing means in turn focusses the writing light to an intense spot on the recording transparency. It may be appreciated that as the bi-directional focussing means acts to magnify the projected image which appears on the viewing screen 22, in the same regard it acts to focus the writing light to a tiny, very intense spot. The writing writing light to a tiny, very intense spot. The writing light is absorbed within the recording transparency 18.
The intense spot of writing light focussed on the recording transparency 18 causes the illuminated area to react virtually instantaneously and produce a visible mark. As the projection, shown schematically in FIG. 1, takes place simultaneously with the writing procedure as shown in FIG. 2, the observer will note that the writing light has formed a mark on the projected image. The light pen 26 may be directed at different portions of the projected image, and thus through the optical system to the portion of the projection transparency which forms that portion of the image, so that information may be selectively added or deleted from the projection transparency. The light pen 26 may be manipulated by mechanical means, or manually to permit script writing and notations to be added to the projection transparency.
It should be noted that the present invention relies on the reciprocity theorem of Helmholtz. From this theorem it follows that an apparent writing light source at the apparent viewing surface will be focussed to a writing image at the corresponding point on the projection transparency. This is true, however, only if the writing beam retraces the optical path to the bi-directional focussing means 19. As shown in FIG. 2, the writing beam could be directed along any of a number of lines represented as broken line 32, and completely miss the bi-directional focussing optics. This would cause reduced transmission when the writing light is off the optical axis and is called vignetting. The field element lens represents one means of increasing the acceptance of the bi-directional focussing means so that the writing beam will always pass through the bi-directional focussing means to the recording transparency. The focal length of the field element 21 is substantially equal to the effective optical distance from the viewing screen to the bi-directional focussing means 19. Any writing beam passing perpendicularly through the viewing screen 22 will be refracted by the field element so that it is directed to the bi-directional focussing means 19 and thus to the recording transparency. It should be noted that due to the minimal or nonexistant spacing between the viewing screen and the field element, the field element has no perceivable effect on the projection image that is formed on the viewing screen. Another technique to avoid vignetting is to use a curved writing screen 23, so that at each point on the screen the normal ray is directed into the bi-directional focussing means 19.
The present invention is particularly applicable to microfiche information storage systems. As shown in FIG. 3, a typical prior art microfiche card reader includes a housing 36 having a viewing screen 37. The card reader includes a projection lamp 38 and a concave reflector 39 which directs the projection light through a collimator lens 41 to a filter 42. The filter 42 removes a substantial portion of the infrared contents of the projection light, to avoid burning the microfiche card.
The projection light passes through the filter 42 to a mirror 43, which directs the projection light to the microfiche card 44. The projection light passing through the microfiche card passes through a projection lens 46 and is reflected from a mirror 47 to a mirror 48 which is in opposing relationship to the viewing screen 37. The mirror 48 directs the projected light to the viewing screen. The lens 46 focuses each point in the microfiche card 44 to a corresponding point on the viewing screen 37. Typically, the viewing screen is formed of ground glass or similar translucent material which will form an image thereon. This device is generally known as a rear projection microfiche viewer.
The microfiche card viewer as shown in FIG. 3 may be modified to incorporate the present invention and thus facilitate direct writing onto the microfiche card. As shown in FIG. 4, a field element lens 49 is secured to the rear surface of the viewing screen 37. The lens 49 may comprise a Fresnel lens which functions in the same manner as the lens 21 of FIGS. 1 and 2. A second field element lens 51 is provided in the optical path between the mirror 47 and the mirror 48, also to increase the angular acceptance of the optical system. Disposed directly adjacent to the microfiche card 44 is a recording transparency 52. The recording transparency may be applied directly to the microfiche card by mechanical or chemical means, or it may comprise a separate recording cell within the housing 36 which does not permanently alter the information on the microfiche card. Also, a second filter 53 is interposed in the projection beam path adjacent to the filter 42 and between the collimator lens 41 and the mirror 43. The filter 53 removes from the projection light those wavelengths to which the recording transparency 52 is sensitive.
The writing light beam is provided by the light pen 54, which is wielded manually and directed toward a selected portion of the image which is projected onto the translucent screen 37. The writing beam passes through the screen 37 and the field element lens 49, and is directed thereby to the mirror 48. The writing beam is reflected from the mirror 48 to the field element 51, which guides the writing beam onto the mirror 47. The writing beam is reflected from the mirror 47 to the projection lens 46, which focusses the writing beam to an intense spot on the portion of the microfiche transparency which forms the image portion at which the light pen 54 is directed. As explained in the foregoing, the recording transparency 52 is highly sensitive to the wavelength of light produced by the light pen 54, and the intensely focussed writing beam causes the recording transparency to form a local opaque portion wherever the writing beam spot is aimed. Thus an individual is free to alter any portion of the microfiche frame which is being projected onto the screen 37.
It should be noted that only minor modifications to the existing microfiche card viewer of FIG. 3 are required to incorporate the present invention. These modifications include the field element lens 49, the field element lens 51, the recording transparency 52, which may be a part of the microfiche card, the added projection light filter 53, and possibly a different screen 37. These added elements may easily be incorporated in an existing microfiche card viewer with little cost or labor.
A translucent viewing screen 37, as known in the prior art, scatters the projection beam which falls thereon to allow off-axis viewing of the projected image. Likewise, the viewing screen 37 will also scatter the writing beam which is directed therethrough toward a selected part of the projected image. This scattering of the writing beam is objectionable, in that it reduces the intensity of the writing spot on the recording transparency 52. Should this scattering effect prove to be detrimental, the light pen 54 may be provided with a more intense light source so that the writing beam emerging from the viewing screen 37 is of sufficient intensity to form an acceptable mark on the recording transparency 52.
Alternatively, the viewing screen 37 may be replaced with a solid optical filter which is selectively permeable within a narrow bandwidth of optical wavelengths, and which scatters other wavelengths. One such solid optical filter, based on the Christiansen effect, is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,887,485, issued on June 3, 1975. This patent discloses various methods for forming solid optical filters having selected ranges of permeability. In the present invention, it is necessary to match the permeability bandwidth to the bandwidth of the writing beam. In this way the writing beam will pass through the viewing screen without scattering, while the projection beam will be substantially scattered.
Another form of prior art projection device is the front projection microfiche card viewer shown in FIG. 5. This device includes a housing 56 having an open viewing port 57 in one side thereof. The projection system of this device includes a projection lamp 58, and a concave mirror 59 for directing the projection light through a collimating lens 61. The projection light then passes through an infrared filter 62, and is reflected from a mirror 63 to the microfiche card 64. The projection light passing through the microfiche card 64 is transmitted through a projection lens 66 to a mirror 67. The mirror 67 directs the projection beam to a diffusely reflective curved viewing screen 68. The lens 66 focuses each point of the microfiche 64 to a corresponding point on the screen 68. The screen 68 is situated in opposed relationship to the viewing port 57, so that an individual may gaze through the port 57 to see the image formed on the screen 68.
As shown in FIG. 6, the front projection microfiche viewer may be easily modified to incorporate the direct writing feature of the present invention. A transparent writing screen is disposed in the viewing port 57, to provide a convenient surface against which the light pen 74 may be rested and translated. The curved viewing screen 68 is replaced by a selectively scattering curved reflective screen 76. The screen 76 is selective in that it scatters the projection beam from the lamp 58, yet it reflects without scattering the bandwidth of light within which the light pen 74 emits its writing beam. The curvature of the screen 76 also acts as a field element to guide the writing beam into the bi-directional focussing means 66 and thus to avoid vignetting.
The front projection embodiment of the present invention also includes a field element 71 which comprises a positive lens interposed between the mirror 67 and the screen 76. The field element 71 also increases the acceptance for the writing beam. The modifications also include the recording transparency which is disposed adjacent to the microfiche card 64, and the projection light filter 73 disposed adjacent to the existing filter 62 for removing the writing light bandwidth from the projection beam.
In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the writing light beam from the light pen 74 passes through the transparent screen 69, and strikes the curved screen 76 at a selected portion of the image which is formed thereon. The writing beam is reflected to the lens 71 and thence to the mirror 67. The beam is reflected from the mirror 67 through the projection lens 66 to the recording transparency 72. The recording transparency is thus marked as described in the foregoing. It may be appreciated that the selectively scattering mirrors 76 may be formed of the same material as the selectively scattering viewing screen described with regard to the embodiment of FIG. 4. In the embodiment of FIG. 6, however, the solid optical filter is silvered or otherwise formed as a mirror to selectively scatter the projection beam while reflecting the writing beam without scattering. In this embodiment, it should also be emphasized that the prior art rear projection viewer may easily be modified to incorporate the present invention.
In any of the embodiments described in the foregoing, an advantageous embodiment for the light source of the light pen is a diode laser which is driven by a pulsed power source at a low duty factor. The laser is selected because of its intense brightness. A diode laser may have a peak pulse power of ten to twenty watts, while the low duty factor determines that the average power emitted by the laser is quite low. The high peak power causes the recording transparency to be altered within the span of a few pulses, or even a single pulse, while the low average power prevents accidental damage to the eye of an observer.
Accidental damage to a human eye may also be avoided by other safety features. The light pen may be provided with a mechanical tether which permits it to be directed only toward the writing surface. Furthermore, the light pen may be provided with a mechanical or electrical interlock which permits the laser light source to be operated only when the light pen is in contact with the writing surface. The prior art is replete with these safety devices.
One particular interlock 102 is both novel and particularily useful. The light pen 74 contains a light sensitive element 101 which detects the projection light. Only when this is detected is the interlock actuated to enable the power supply 31. Thus if the light pen is aimed away from the screen, the writing light is blocked. Another safety technique is to locate the light source just inside the viewing screen. The light source is mounted on a movable linkage coupled to a pen outside the viewing screen.
it should be noted that all of the embodiments described in the foregoing require that the light pen be directed perpendicularly to the writing surface, so that the writing beam will strike the portion of the projection transparency which corresponds to the portion of the image which is to be altered and thus to avoid vignetting. The light pen may be provided with an alignment means which contacts the writing surface and maintains a flush, perpendicular relationship thereto.
In any of the alternative embodiments of the present invention, it may be advantageous to employ a reusable recording means which may be permanently installed in the embodiments of FIGS. 1, 2, 4, and 6. One such reusable recording means may comprise a locally erasable thermo-optic smectic liquid crystal storage display, as is known in the prior art.
Alternatively, the recording transparency may be unified with the projection transparency. For example, the writing spot may directly bleach or burn the projection transparency to add or delete information thereon. Or, the projection transparency may be coated directly with an additional layer of heat sensitive or light sensitive material. This unified projection-recording transparency may be handled, stored, viewed, and reviewed as a single standard microfiche card, projection slide, or the like. In this embodiment, the recorded information is permanently incorporated with the projection image.
The recording trnsparency may comprise a transparent material incorporating a dye or pigment which absorbs only certain wavelengths. The bandwidth sensitivity of the absorber matches the output bandwidth of the writing pen, so that the localized heating caused by the absorber receiving the writing spot causes a thermographic or thermochromic change in the recording transparency. Furthermore, the same absorber may be incorporated in the added projection light filter which removes the writing light bandwidth from the projection beam. This same absorber filtering system guarantees that the recording transparency sensitivity will match the filter pass band so that no clouding or stray marking of the recording transparency may occur.
It may be appreciated that even though the projection light is filtered to remove the writing light bandwidth, the projection light will still preheat the recording film to a temperature somewhat above room temperature. The thermochromic recording agent incorporated in the recording transparency may be provided with a transition temperature (at which it changes from transparent) which is just above the preheat temperature caused by the projection light passing therethrough. Therefore, only a small temperature increase is required to mark the recording transparency. The synergistic heating effect of the projection beam and writing beam falling on the same local area of the recording transparency is sufficient to surpass the transition temperature, and to mark the local area of the transparency.
This synergistic design permits a higher transition temperature thermochromic recorder than a design which uses the writing light solely to boost the temperature of the recording transparency from room temperature to transition temperature. Because of this higher transition temperature it is less likely that the projection beam alone can mark the writing film. The recording transparency, having a higher transition temperature is more stable, and is capable of longer storage without degradation.
The present invention also has important applications in the field of microscopy. From the discussion of the previous embodiments, it may be appreciated that the underlying principle of the present invention is that the optical system in an optical viewing device may be used reversably, projecting a writing light beam back along the optical path to the object being viewed, so that useful work may be done on the object. This principle also has direct applications to microscopy as well as to microfiche card viewers.
As shown in FIG. 7, a representative binocular microscope known in the prior art includes an illumination lamp 81, and a concave mirror 82 which drects the illuminating light to a collimating lens 83. The lens 83 focuses the light into a beam which passes through the microscope slide 84, illuminating the subject or workpiece to be viewed. The light passing through the slide is collected by an objective lens 86, and it passes thence to a beam splitter 87. Half of the light is reflected to a mirror or prism 88, and thence through an eye piece lens 89 to one of the viewers eyes. Half of the light from the lens 86 passes directly through the beam splitter 87, and is reflected from two mirrors or prism surfaces 91 and 92 to a second eyepiece lens 93 and thence to the other eye of the viewer. As is well known in the prior art, this form of binocular microscope provides high magnification of the subject on the slide 84. The subject being viewed may comprise a biological specimen, an integrated circuit device, a material sample, the damaged retina of an eye, or the like.
Useful work may be performed on the subject being viewed by directing an intense focussed spot of light onto the subject. For example, the heating effect associated with the intensely focused spot may alter a biological specimen or a material sample, or may secure a torn retina, or the like. In the case of an integrated circuit structure, the structure may be coated with a photoresist material which is sensitive to the wavelength of the spot of light, and locally exposed by the spot to permit selective etching or doping of the structure. Useful alteration may also occur via ablation or melting.
As shown in FIG. 8, the present invention includes a writing assembly 96 which houses a writing light source. The writing assembly is secured to one eyepiece of the binocular microscope by means of a hemispheric bearing 97, which supports the writing assembly and permits it to be directed at any part of the apparent image of the slide 84. The writing assembly includes a pilot beam which is directed in reverse fashion back along the optical path; i.e., through the eyepiece lens 93 and the reflecting surfaces 92 and 91, through the beam splitter and the objective lens 86, to the slide 84. From here part of the pilot beam is reflected to the observer's eyepiece 89. The pilot beam indicates the point on the slide at which the writing beam is directed, yet the pilot beam does not have the intensity or wavelength to perform any work on the viewed object itself. The other eyepiece 89 is used by the viewer to observe the positioning of the pilot beam.
When the pilot beam is correctly positioned, the writing assembly is activated to produce an intense writing light beam which is directed along the same axis as the pilot beam to the point on the viewed object at which the pilot beam is directed. In this embodiment the writing light source may also comprise a diode laser, since the bright output of the laser is capable of a most intense focus.
It should be noted that the pilot beam feature of the embodiment depicted in FIG. 8 may also be incorporated in the other embodiment of the present invention described in the foregoing. Thus the observer may be apprised of the exact portion of the projection transparency which will be altered prior to the actuation of the writing light itself. Thus unwanted alterations of the workpiece and other accidental occurrances will be minimized.
Several other embodiments may be readily seen. The optical system can use either focussing lenses or focussing mirror or both. The projection and recording members can be illuminated either by transmission or by reflection or both. In each case the preceeding principles have a corresponding realization.
The light pen also can assume various embodiments to allow different recording modes. The aforementioned light pen is appropriate for manual writing. Alternatively the light pen can be mechanically guided for automatic or remote recording. An advantageous technique is to use optical deflection of a light beam to minimize mechanical complexity.
In manuscript recording, the light pen should illuminate a single writing spot. In other applications, the light pen should illuminate a whole character. One convenient means is an array of selectively activated light sources (analogous to prior art LED character display readouts). Thus the pen would effectively form an entire character in one exposure.
For facsimile recording, the light source should scan the writing surface, with a modulated intensity which corresponds to the desired image. This can be done with a single light source which raster scans the whole writing surface. Another facsimile mechanism is a line of many parallel light sources which are individually modulated. Thus the whole screen area can be scanned by simply sweeping this line source across the area.
Another mode of operation is document recording. The original document is placed adjacent to the projection screen, and the document is intensely illuminated. The variegated transmission or reflection will produce a corresponding pattern of writing light. If the document is illuminated by reflection, it will be necessary to reverse the image by adding or removing image reversing prisms or mirrors in the optical system. Another technique for document recording is to illuminate the document away from the projection screen, and to focus the light from the document to the projection screen.
All of these embodiments are realizations of this overall invention of a light source used with a bidirectional image projection and recording system.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 13, 1964
|Nov 1, 1966
|Eastman Kodak Co
|Photographic apparatus for recording, processing, and projecting data for rapid visual inspection
|Jun 16, 1969
|Apr 11, 1972
|Ncr Co
|Semiconductor diode laser recorder
|Apr 7, 1972
|Nov 27, 1973
|Singer Co
|Interactive photographic transparency display device
|Oct 26, 1971
|Aug 20, 1974
|Advanced Technology Center Inc
|Apparatus and method for affecting the contrast of thermochromic displays
|Sep 25, 1973
|Jul 1, 1975
|Genevoise Instr Physique
|Marking method and device
|Sep 9, 1974
|May 25, 1976
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Information storage by laser beam initiated reactions
|Aug 26, 1974
|Jul 27, 1976
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Optical information storage material and method of making it
|Jan 3, 1975
|Jan 4, 1977
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Information recording apparatus
|Sep 24, 1976
|Oct 3, 1978
|U.S. Philips Corporation
|High energy recording on an acetyl acetonate
|May 2, 1977
|Oct 17, 1978
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army
|Data base update scheme
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 19, 1980
|Jun 1, 1982
|Zingher Arthur R
|Optically annotatable recording film
|May 24, 1990
|Dec 10, 1991
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force
|Bidirectional spatial light modulator for neural network computers
|Jul 22, 2002
|Dec 2, 2003
|Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
|Method for printing on transparent substrate in order to optimize later markability
|Jan 29, 2001
|Apr 20, 2004
|Telecommunications Advancement Organization Of Japan
|Optical transmitter-receiver
|Jan 29, 2001
|Oct 25, 2001
|Yasuhiro Koike
|Optical transmitter-receiver
|U.S. Classification
|353/44, 353/35, 347/256, 346/17, 430/1
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


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Brent crude rebounds above $99 on dollar, G7 talks
G7 to hold emergency talks on euro debt crisis; Euro debt crisis remains a pressure point for market; Euro edges up further from last week's 2-year low
June 5, 2012 11:37 by Reuters
Brent crude prices rebounded for a second straight session on Tuesday, rising above $99 per barrel on support from a weaker dollar and hopes that the world's leading economies will take new action to tackle the euro zone's debt crisis.
Brent crude for July delivery rose 37 cents to $99.22 a barrel by 0404 GMT, adding to a 42 cent gain in the previous session. Prices on Monday briefly hit a 16 month low of $95.63 before recovering.
U.S. crude rose 65 cents to $84.63 a barrel.
"U.S. and Brent oil futures improved slightly, but the market remains vulnerable to risk-off moves given the ongoing uncertainty from Europe," said analysts at ANZ in a research note.
"With equity markets trading a tad higher and the U.S. dollar pushed down to the lowest level in four sessions, there was a level of support for crude markets."
The euro edged up further from last week's two-year low against the dollar on Tuesday as sellers were tempted to pare back their huge bets against the currency ahead of a conference call by the Group of Seven financial policy makers.
Ministers and central bankers from the United States, Canada, Japan, Britain, Germany, France and Italywill discuss the euro zone debt crisis later on Tuesday, in a sign of heightened global alarm about the strains in the 17-nation European currency area.
The darkening outlook over the world economy and its potential impact on global crude demand has taken the spotlight from lingering tensions between Iran and Western powers, which just three months ago helped push Brent to above $128.
"The softening of the oil price at the moment is a reflection of geopolitical issues being less dominant and lower demand coming into the picture," Shell CEO Peter Voser told reporters at the World Gas Conference in Kuala Lumpur.
Voser expected oil prices to weaken further in the second half of this year due to slowing demand.
The United Nations nuclear watchdog and Iran will hold a new round of talks on Friday to try to reach an agreement to resume a long-stalled probe into Tehran's atomic activities, the head of the IAEA said on Monday.
Traders will also be awaiting the release of this week's U.S. crude stocks data.
Crude inventories in the world's top oil consumer likely fell last week after 10 straight weeks of builds, due to lower imports, a preliminary Reuters poll showed ahead of weekly industry and government reports.
Inventory data from the American Petroleum Institute is due on Tuesday at 2030 GMT, while the U.S. Energy Information Administration's weekly poll comes out at 1430 GMT on Wednesday.
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Most minivans have a fuel tank that can hold between 15 and 20 gallons of gas. The number of gallons of gas a minivan holds depends on the make and model of the minivan.Know More
Based on a 2012 comparison of some of the top minivans, the van with the largest gas tank capacity is the Honda Odyssey, which holds 21 gallons of gas. The comparison showed that the minivan with the lowest gas tank capacity is the Mazda M5, which holds slightly less than 16 gallons of gas. Several minivans, including the Toyota Sienna, Chrysler Town & Country, Volkswagen Routan and Nissan Quest, have a gas tank capacity of at least 20 gallons.Learn more about Car Parts & Maintenance
According to Dodge.com, the fuel tank on a 5.7-liter Dodge Durango is 24.6 gallons. The 5.7-liter comes standard with a V8 Hemi engine. City miles per gallon range between 13 and 18.Full Answer >
The fuel tank capacity of a Ford Focus is 12.4 gallons. The sedan, hatch and ST hatch all have the same 12.4-gallon fuel tank capacity.Full Answer >
The 2014 Volkswagen Jetta sedan has a fuel tank size of 14.5 gallons. This amount has been the same in the base sedan model since 1984.Full Answer >
The 1996 through 2006 Dodge Stratus models each hold about 16 gallons of gas. As of 2014, drivers of a Dodge Stratus spend an average of $1,000 more on fuel-related costs than the average driver of a new car during a five-year period.Full Answer >


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Test Your Knowledge: Already Investing The following quiz is a review of the material on Already Investing. If you have trouble with a question, refer back to the appropriate article for help.
Any tax or legal information in this website is merely a summary of our understanding and interpretations of some of the current income tax regulations and is not exhaustive. Investors should consult their tax advisor or legal counsel for advice and information concerning their particular situation. Wells Fargo Funds Management, LLC, Wells Fargo Funds Distributor, LLC, nor any of their representatives may give legal or tax advice.
© 2016 Wells Fargo Asset Management is a trade name used by the asset management businesses of Wells Fargo & Company. Wells Fargo Funds Management, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Wells Fargo & Company, provides investment advisory and administrative services for Wells Fargo Managed Account Services and Wells Fargo Funds. Other affiliates of Wells Fargo & Company provide subadvisory and other services for the funds. The funds are distributed by Wells Fargo Funds Distributor, LLC, Member FINRA, an affiliate of Wells Fargo & Company.


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Archived Story
Schools pursue better AP performancePublished 10:59pm Monday, February 25, 2013
Suffolk's School Board chairman is concerned that seniors inflating GPAs by taking Advanced Placement courses then ditching exams is driving down overall district performance.
According to College Board data, about two in 10 Suffolk graduates took at least one AP course last year. About one in 10 of those scored a three or higher on at least one exam.
But across Virginia, more than four in 10 graduates took at least one AP class, and more than two in 10 of those scored a three or higher.
"A lot of kids take AP classes because it inflates their GPA," Chairman Michael Debranksi observed. "They are not required to take the AP exam."
He said he will ask administrators at the School Board's next meeting for the numbers of students taking AP courses but not exams.
Even if they were required to take them, Debranski said, students could score zero on exams and still get the weighted grade. "It's a situation that I'm not exactly pleased with," he said.
Debranski also wants to know how many Suffolk students are sitting college-level exams via dual enrollment and the International Baccalaureate program instead of AP courses, which could explain the district's poorer AP participation rate.
"Dual credit is probably one of the reasons we may not have as many students in AP courses," he said.
The district screens students for AP classes, Debranski said, "but we don't kick anybody out who shows they want to do it. … (But) if they don't do well, we try to counsel them into more appropriate courses."
Suffolk Public Schools has outlined several factors to address after 2012 AP data was reported last week.
"Naturally, we see a need for improvement," the district's supervisor of advanced instruction, Carol Kennedy-Dickens, wrote in an email, adding that discussions with teachers and AP instructional planning/feedback revealed "several factors which we must address."
They include the need for preparation starting in middle school, more student-centered instruction, more higher-level questioning, more essay-based assessments and better education for the community on the expectations and benefits of higher-level learning.
The district has also applied to a state program, Virginia Advanced Study Strategies, which would provide assistance including more teacher training, student tutoring, vertical alignment of instruction and funding to support student fees and instructional materials, she wrote.
There was no significance difference in the number of Suffolk graduates who took AP courses last year compared to 2011, according to Kennedy-Dickens, but families being expected to pay AP exam fees for the first time resulted in marginally fewer students sitting them.
"Students are permitted to enroll in the classes, but have the option of sitting for the examination since they are picking up the financial burden," she wrote.
The board's 2013 AP Report to the Nation showed the percentage of Virginia graduates who scored three or higher on at least one 2012 AP exam, 27.2 percent, was up from 25.6 percent in 2011.
Conversely, the performance of Suffolk graduates declined 10 percent, according to Kennedy-Dickens, who says Suffolk students are performing better in English and history.
Kennedy-Dickens believes it is important to track IB results for a more accurate picture of graduates' college-readiness. "Since our school district now has an IB program available to all Suffolk students, those statistics are equally important to track," she wrote.
"Each year, as the number of IB graduates in the district increases, it will become important to look at both statistics acknowledging that the IB student may not be taking AP exams.
"The IB graduates, for example, last year registered a pass rate of 100 percent with a grade of 4 (1-7 scale) or above on several exams."
Fewer students have registered for AP courses this year because of financial concerns, according to Kennedy-Dickens.


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Defer Radical Self-Modification, Says Historian, to...
Immunoassays Are Incorporating Brighter Signals and...
Where Does Your Region Stack Up...
More Genomes Are Going Under the...
Sure, you're familiar with your "carbon footprint," but are you acquainted with the "Virtual Footprint" (now in Version 3.0)? Unfortunately, this name provides no clues whatsoever regarding the purpose of the website. For that, look to the subtitle: "The Bacterial Regulon Analyzer." In simpler terms, Virtual Footprint was designed to analyze transcription factor binding sites. There are two analyses from which to choose: Regulon Analysis (analysis of an entire prokaryotic genome) and Promoter Analysis (fairly self explanatory). The "Help" section provides some background information regarding the methods used in the analysis (including some intimidating mathematical equations), as well as a guided tour/easy example. I would definitely recommend that visitors to the site heed the direction to "try this first." The website also links to the PRODORIC database (from which Virtual Footprint derives its library), a database of gene expression and regulation in prokaryotes.
*The opinions expressed are solely those of the author(s) and should not be construed as reflecting the viewpoints of the publisher, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., the publishing house, or employees and affiliates thereof.
One theory for explaining "success," put forward by Amy Chua Jed Rubenfeld, posits cultural traits such as a superiority complex, personal insecurity and impulse control. Union College professors Joshua Hart and Christopher Chabris counter that intelligence, conscientiousness, and economic advantage are the most likely elements of success, regardless of ethnicity. Do you think that Hart-Chabris make a better argument for achieving success than the Chua-Rubenfeld theory?
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The Promise / aka Master Of The Crimson Armor
China, 2005, 98 Minute Running Time
Additional Countries: Hong Kong/Japan/South Korea
Topics: Asian, Drama, Epic
Programs: Awards Buzz: Best Foreign Language Film, Tanqueray 10 Modern MastersLanguage: Mandarin
Chen Kaige, one of China's most acclaimed filmmakers, tries his hand at the kind of digitally-enhanced fantasy established by Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000). A valiant slave falls in love with a beautiful princess and epic chaos ensues.
DIRECTOR: Chen Kaige
Producer: Hong Chen, Sanping Han, Dong-ju Kim, Ernst Etchie Stroh Screenwriter: Chen KaigeCinematographer: Peter PauMusic: Ernst Etchie Stroh Principal Cast: Hong Chen, Cecilia Cheung, Chen Hong, Jang Dong-KunFilmography: Together (2002), Killing Me Softly (2002), The Assassin (1999), Temptress Moon (1996), Farewell My Concubine (1993), Life on a String (1991)
City of Indian Wells
Print Source PDF


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Some of the top physiology books also claim that sea snakes have filters that help them to consume salt water without being affected by the salt content. Lillywhite said that they have tested many sea snakes and none of them drinks sea water. One of the reasons why sea snakes prefer fresh water is because it is less dense than sea water and it forms a film at the surface. During the rainfall sea snakes will consume one sip to 25% of their body mass. During climate change and reduction in rainfall, sea snakes can stay without fresh water for as long as seven months which helps them to survive in drought conditions.
I found this interesting. Apparently the sea snakes only drink when rain water pools on the surface of the ocean.


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I have red Good use case for Akka
For short: Akka provides or is nothing more than a "messaging system". Am I right?
1. How does AKKA compare to other messaging systems, such as AMQP, RabbitMQ or HornetQ ?
2. Why should I use AKKA instead of a (real) messaging system such as HornetQ ?


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Love that girl
why did they have 3 vacuums?
Someone got to teach her how to shake that ass ...smfh


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Cavaliers Sign Jones, Assign Him to Charge
The Cleveland Cavaliers have waived forward Luke Harangody and signed forward Kevin Jones to a contract, Cavaliers General Manager Chris Grant announced today from Cleveland Clinic Courts. The Cavs have assigned Jones to the Canton Charge, the Cavaliers exclusively owned and operated NBA Development League team, as one of their NBA roster players. Per league and team policy, terms of the contract were not announced.
Harangody appeared in 42 games (one start) with the Cavs over two seasons and averaged 4.5 points and 3.5 rebounds in 15.0 minutes per game. Harangody did not appear in any games this season.
Jones, a 6-foot-8, 250-pound rookie forward from West Virginia University, has played in three games this season with the Charge and is averaging 27.0 points on .540 shooting and 13.7 rebounds in 41.3 minutes per game. He was one of three players on the Cavaliers training camp roster that were released and then designated for assignment to the Charge, playing under an NBADL contract.
Jones was the 3rd GATORADE Call-Up of the 2012-13 NBA Development League season, as well as the 24th assignment this year thus far. He will be in uniform with Canton for the first leg of a back-to-back with the Erie BayHawks on tomorrow night at 7:30 p.m. at the Canton Memorial Civic Center.
Fans can stay up-to-date on team news by following the team @CantonCharge on Twitter here and on Facebook here.


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March 4, 2013
Wildlife Protection Groups Urge City of Clovis to Overturn Decision to Kill Wildlife Colonies
Wildlife protection organizations, including The Humane Society of the United States, Prairie Dog Advocacy Watch Group, Citizens for Prairie Dogs, People for Native Ecosystems, Animal Protection of New Mexico and WildEarth Guardians, denounce the City Commission of Clovis' decision to kill prairie dogs instead of using no-cost, non-lethal management options.
February 28, 2013
The HSUS and the Colorado Department of Transportation Issue Statement on Ongoing Prairie Dog Relocation Project
The Humane Society of the United States and the Colorado Department of Transportation issued a joint response to public concern about a prairie dog relocation project.
February 27, 2013
The HSUS Conducts Educational Coyote and Fox Seminar in Lake Monticello, Va.
The HSUS, in collaboration with the Lake Monticello Owner's Association Wildlife Committee, held an educational seminar Tuesday for Lake Monticello, Va., residents to share successful techniques for humanely preventing and solving conflicts with coyotes and foxes.
February 25, 2013
Spotted Skunk Rehabbed at Fund for Animals Wildlife Center
On February 12, 2013, FFAWC released a rarely seen spotted skunk back into the wild, after three weeks of rehabilitative care at the center.
February 25, 2013
Tee Off for Wildlife
On Friday, March 29, 2013, the San Vicente Golf Resort will host a golf tournament, with proceeds benefiting The Fund for Animals Wildlife Center. Register to play, or sign up to be a sponsor today.
February 21, 2013
The HSUS Conducts Workshops to Help Tybee Island Residents Live with Coyotes
The Humane Society of the United States, in collaboration with the Tybee Island Police Department, held a series of workshops Wednesday to share successful techniques for humanely resolving conflicts with coyotes and other wildlife.
February 21, 2013
Humane Lobby Day Kicks Off in Trenton
New Jersey citizens converged on the state capitol for Humane Lobby Day 2013 in Trenton to lobby for animal protection laws.
February 20, 2013
Five Ways to Help Birds
Watch "Rio" star Jesse Eisenberg's video explaining why it's a bad idea to buy birds like parrots. Then find out 5 things you can do today for pet birds.
February 19, 2013
Reward Offered for Bald Eagle Death in Pike County, Ark.
The Humane Society of the United States and The Humane Society Wildlife Land Trust are offering a reward of up to $2,500 for information leading to the identification, arrest and conviction of the person or persons responsible for illegally shooting a bald eagle near Highland in Pike County, Ark.
February 8, 2013
Injured Bobcat Regains Freedom
Eye Bob the bobcat kitten spent the fall and winter months recovering from an injured cornea before his January 2013 release from the Fund for Animals Wildlife Center.


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- Lifeguards
- Cocktail Servers
- Bartenders
- Bar backs
- Cabana Attendants
- Go-Go Dancers
- Porters
- Cashiers
- Security
- VIP Hosts
- Hostesses
- Models
- Promoters
Sapphire, The World's Largest Gentlemen's Club, Hosting An Open Casting To Staff The Sapphire Pool & Dayclub February 18th & 19th - 11am To 3pm And 5pm To 9pm Both Days
LAS VEGAS, Feb. 14, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- The smell of suntan lotion will soon be in the air; time for tiny bikinis, tanned bodies and partying in the sun. Yes, it's time to get wet, because Las Vegas pool party season is right around the corner and Sapphire promises to have the hottest pool party in Las Vegas in 2013 at the Sapphire Pool and Dayclub. The Sapphire Pool & Dayclub will be hosting an Open Casting to hire -Casting for jobs will take place February 18th & 19th - 11am to 3pm and 5pm to 9pm both days. Please meet in the Sapphire Showroom located through the main, south, entrance of the Sapphire club. Sapphire staff will direct you to the Showroom. Please bring a resume & head shots to the interview. Beach attire is preferred. The $8 million Sapphire Pool and Day Club includes a multi-level, state-of-the-art, three-tier pool utopia that can comfortably accommodate over 700 sun-worshiping party goers. Some of the features and amenities include men's and women's locker rooms with rich, natural woods, Italian tiles, plush fabrics and quality finishes that will pamper each guest with privileged comfort; two hot tubs, VIP cabanas, day beds, lounge chairs, a DJ booth, an entertainment platform, a pool concierge and a retail area displaying a full line of clothing and Sapphire swag. An indoor/outdoor bar and restaurant, the Sapphire Grill will service the entire club and pool complex 24 hours a day. The Sapphire Grill is the ideal place to enjoy a light lunch between swimming and sunbathing by the pool. Guests can enjoy a quick snack or linger over a full meal. The menu features a tempting selection of sandwiches, burgers, salads, lobster, shrimp cocktail, steak sandwiches, dishes of the day, frozen drinks and specialty cocktails.
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text: Share It MainStoriesA Desire To Help A Desire To Help GEORGES BONY | May 28, 2013 | North America: Haiti Special Olympics Haiti is really thankful to Tarik Khan a nurse practitioner who used to coach Special Olympics athletes in The U.S.A. With the desire to help the many children that live with intellectual disabilities she will start a class for teaching them. Special Olympics Haiti retains this from Tarik: "My passion for people with intellectual disabilities began in high school with the Special Olympics Spring Games in Philadelphia. I worked with the athletes who were involved in the motor activity training program (MATP). When I was in nursing school, I continued with Special Olympics Philadelphia, and I became an assistant swimming coach for several years in Montgomery County, PA. In graduate school at LaSalle University, I focused my studies on health care needs of populations with intellectual disabilities. When I was handed my degree the day I graduated LaSalle University, I told Dr. Tim Shriver, Chairman and CEO of Special Olympics, that I was a coach, and how much I appreciated all of his work for intellectually disabled community around the world." About Me:National Sport Director, coach in basketball and track and field for Special Olympics Haiti. Read More Stories Special Olympics Virginia Athlete Marks a Milestone for Congressional FellowshipChristy WeirBreaking Records, Breaking Barriers in IndiaKate McKennaSpecial Olympics Nepal Marks Earthquake AnniversaryKate McKennaYoung Athletes training brings smiles and happiness to participants in TurkeyAtil BerkRespect, Honor and Cheers on a Unified Day in IsraelJudy Ziv Our Biggest Barrier is Social AttitudeRonak Lakhani"My life so far has been very challenging with many ups and downs," said Haseeb Abbasi of Pakistan. He was standing on the TedX stage in Lahore.Finding Your Place In The WorldMarta NewhartNothing's Stopping MeRose Marie GarrettSurrounded By HateVirginiaSpecial Olympics Athlete Honored With First-Ever Pegasus Award Kate McKennaIt Takes A VillageKristin Hughes SrourAt a Special Olympics camp held near Transylvania, Romania, a little girl sprints with a personality larger than life. Maria only moves at one speed—fast.Do You Have A Story to Share?Share Your Story More Stories


text: Quick View Color & Collage Origami Art Kit: [origami Kit… by Andrew Dewar March 10, 2011 | Hardcover $19.95 Ships within 1-2 weeks Make lively scenes out of paper models with this fun children''s origami kit. Kids love to make crafts. Whether it''s scribbling on a page, putting stickers all over everything or cutting out crazy shapes, kids take supreme pleasure in being crafty. The Color & Collage Origami Art Kit is a unique… See Details was


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Bill Rancic Defends His Wife Giuliana After Fashion Police Controversy: 'I Tried to Get Them to Release the Footage' 42 years, 2,191 covers and 55,436 stories from PEOPLE magazine's history for you to enjoy
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- December 29, 1997
- Vol. 48
- No. 26
An Ambitious Iconoclast Brings a Fresh Voice to Pop Music
For ninth-grade dropout Beck, whose father was a bluegrass musician and mother a performance artist-singer, it's plain as day. "I was sick of all the negativity in grunge music," he says. With Odelay, "I wanted to do something creative and affirming, that had a life force to it." To keep the force flowing, Beck, who lives with his girlfriend, fashion stylist Leigh Limon, in the Los Feliz section of L.A. where he grew up, channel-surfs the Zeitgeist, but not the tube—he doesn't own a TV set. If he did, he says, "I don't think I'd do anything else." And besides cooking and crossword puzzles, there is, he promises, plenty left to do. "All you've seen is, 'This is a test,' not the actual broadcast. Prime time has not come on yet. I've got a million ideas."
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Originally written on Fox Sports | Last updated 9/16/14
Sarah Fisher finally found an engine deal for her IndyCar team, signing with Honda for the 2012 season. Fisher's team will field a car for rookie Josef Newgarden. The season begins with the Grand Prix of St. Petersburg on March 25. Fisher thanked fellow team owner Bobby Rahal for helping the deal come together. Rahal originally had the rights to two Honda engine lease agreements this season but only plans to field one car. By giving up the rights to a second engine, Rahal opened the door for Fisher's team to resolve its uncertain engine situation. In a statement, Fisher says Rahal ''personified the definition of a gentleman and sportsman.'' Fisher helped out Rahal's son, Graham, by allowing him to race her car for four races in 2010.
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Fathead Makes A Great Gift: Hey you! If you're looking for the right Miami Hurricanes sports gift, Fathead has the perfect NCAA phone accessory present. Our Miami Hurricanes Fat Dots are perfect for a birthday, graduation, holidays or just because. This Miami Hurricanes gift is one that a sports fan will always remember.
Team: Miami Hurricanes
Year Founded: 1925
Conference / Division: Atlantic Coast Conference
Remarks: The Hurricanes football team have been the most successful NCAA Division 1 collegiate football time for three decades, winning more National Championships than any other team. Their main athletic rivals are Florida State Seminoles and the Florida Gators.
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Did you seriously just call those Miami Hurricanes Fat Dots, lame STICKERS?! Those are For Real Fathead Fat Dots! Way better than any old iPhone home button sticker or decal, an officially licensed NCAA Miami Hurricanes Fat Dot is one of a kind! A Fat Dot features a rounded, clear epoxy dome that gives it a For Real button feel, with a safe adhesive that makes this dot removable, but not reusable.
Don't worry though, there are six Fat Dots in the pack, so you can mix it up whenever you want! Stick our Fathead Fat Dots on your iPhone, iPad, iPod or anything else that has a space of 0.39 inch (1 cm) in diameter!! So forget Miami Hurricanes iPhone home button stickers or iPod button decals and get it For Real with a pack of Miami Hurricanes Fat Dots.
What Are Fat Dots? Whether you call them dots, home button stickers, iPhone button decals, or phone accessories, Fat Dots from Fathead provide a stylish, personalized way to customize your phone. With a space of 0.39 inch (1 cm) in diameter, Fathead Fat Dots are the perfect size for your iPad, iPod, iPhone or any other device with the same size button! When you purchase a pack of Fathead Fat Dots, you get six different licensed designs, so mix and match whenever you want. Fat Dots from Fathead are the only For Real way to customize your phone!
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Suggested Uses: Fathead Fat Dots are designed for you to stick on the home button of your iPad, iPhone, iPod or any other space that fits. Fat Dots are the way to customize you phone with officially licensed images, FOR REAL. Fat Dots are removable, but not reusable. Don't worry though, each pack of Fat Dots comes with six different dot designs for you to mix and match.
Where Not To Stick It: If you decide not to stick your Fat Dot on an iPhone, iPad or iPod, we do NOT recommend that you stick it on rough surfaces (e.g. cement), surfaces that are used and abused (e.g. kitchen countertop), or on people (e.g. your child's mouth). Otherwise, have a blast with Fathead's For Real Fat Dots!
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Neoseeker : Games : Action : Shooter : Shell Shock: Nam '67 : User Reviews
Shell Shock: Nam '67
- Released on Sep 14, 2004
- By Guerilla Games for PC, PS2, Xbox
Shell Shock: Nam '67 User Reviews
An excellent game!The good:
The reality, weapons, and the action!
The variety of weapons and locations.
The nice variety of difficulty on the missions.
A bit of slowdown in places, Too short.Summary:
This game is very good, Its so realistic the way people react to injurys, The music from the period really gives it a great atmosphere and theres action non stop!
Whether it be from Finding hidden weapon caches, Defusing booby traps or blowing up atillery. This game will keep you thinking and on the edge of your seat!
The only bad thing is the length, There are 11 missions and if your good at these types of games you'll breeze through them in about 3 hours.
Altogether Shellshock is your average wargame and above, if these games are your type snap this up as soon as you can.
Based on 1 reviewsWrite a review
Recent Threads
- lost in tunnels 0
- Wheres MONTY!? 2
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- instructional manual for shell shock 67 nam 0
- how do I save/load this game ??? 1
- This is the best war game out! 3
- shellshock problem 2
- Main title music. 2
- This game looked so good..... 3
- Introduction Thread 16
- Whats the best war game coming out? 7


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Cookin' with The Columns: You Say Potato
Last week Evelyn McLean asked me to make a casserole for her, using a recipe she had found online at the Food Network website. It's one of Emeril Lagasse's recipes and they are always good. So I put it together for her this weekend and it looked so delicious, I wanted to go home with her and eat some of it! But I guess instead I will just have to make it for my family myself.
It's similar to a recipe that I have used a lot that is called Mashed Potato Casserole.
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Jon Jones vs Stephan Bonnar
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BJ Penn preview his UFC 199 fight against Dennis Siver and why his training with Greg Jackson has changed him from a meme to a different fighter. Subscribe: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_cente watch video >>
W dziewiatym odcinku "Dobry, Zly i Brzydki" rozmawiamy o powrocie BJ Penna do UFC i Popka do Polski oraz szansach na jego angaz w KSW. Mówimy tez o walce Fedora Emelianienki z Fabiem Maldonado, szyko watch video >>
BJ Penn comes out of retirement to fight featherweight Denis Siver at UFC 199 on June 4th. Penn last fought in July 2014 when he was TKO'd by Frankie Edgar. This year, Penn began training the Jacks watch video >>
Bj Penn returns at UFC 199 and will fight Dennis Siver; Anthony Johnson not happy about claims that he turned down UFC 197; Ricky Lundell training in the gym; Carlos Condit in training and much more! watch video >>
UFC Hall of Famer BJ Penn talks with Inside MMA's Ron Kruck about his decision to come out of retirement and train at JacksonWink MMA in Albuquerque. AXS TV is Your Home for MMA every Friday Night! watch video >>
With his return to the octagon imminent, UFC Hall of Famer B.J. Penn sat down with Inside MMA Correspondent Ron Kruck to discuss his decision to come out of retirement, including some unexpected insp watch video >>
Get ready to go Inside MMA with Mauro Ranallo and Bas Rutten! This week interviews with UFC champs Rafael Dos Anjos and Demetrious Johnson, and Ron Kruck talks with BJ Penn about his comeback! Tune i watch video >>
Nick Diaz Beats The Sh*T Out Of BJ Penn Then Goes After His Coaches watch video >>
Jon Bones Jones vs Bj Penn In The Swimming Pool watch video >>
MMA H.E.A.T.'s Wade Eck was backstage to hear from Diego Sanchez shortly after he defeated Jim Miller via decision at UFC 196. Diego explained why 2016 will be a big year for Jackson Wink MMA Academ watch video >>
Nate Diaz vs Marcus Davis
UFC 118 - Edgar vs. Penn 2 watch video >>


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Total Time
Prep 15 mins
Cook 15 mins
Chocolate chewy brownies
Ingredients Nutrition
- 1 2⁄3 cups granulated sugar
- 2 tablespoons water
- 4 ounces unsweetened baking chocolate, bars
- 2 large eggs
- 1⁄2 cup butter
- 1 1⁄2 teaspoons vanilla extract
- 1 1⁄3 cups flour
- 1⁄4 teaspoon baking soda
- Preheat oven to 350°F.
- Grease 13 x 9 inch baking pan.
- MICROWAVE sugar, butter and water in large microwave-safe bowl on HIGH power for 4-5 minutes or until mixture bubbles, stirring once. Remove from heat. Add baking bars: stir until melted.
- STIR in eggs one at a time until incorporated. Stir in vanilla. Add flour and baking soda and stir well. Pour into prepared baking pan.
- BAKE for 15-20 minutes or until wooden pick inserted in center comes out slightly sticky. Cool completely in pan on wire rack. Cut into bars.
Most Helpful
These turned out in a word... YUMMY!! Definitely going to make these again. Thanks for the great recipe! :)
Very chewy, chocolatey, and easy. The top crust is quite thick. Don't forget to butter/flour the pan. And be sure to tightly, tightly wrap these, they dried out in a snap.


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A mexican term that defines an stain of shit in your underwear
Man! what an embarassment moment I had, I was banging your sister and she realized that I had a canelazo painted on my boxers....
av zacatito 14. mai 2009
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September 18, 2012 at 06:18:31 Sep 18, 2012 @ 06:18
what's up with all these basic NYFW #menswear fits ?)
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what's up with all these basic NYFW #menswear fits ?)
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Every day, IRC humanitarian workers are rescuing lives. Here, they offer a glimpse of their experiences, the challenges they face and the courageous people they meet by sharing videos, photos and stories.
Posted by Joanne Offer on January 19, 2010
Elizabeth remembers the first day she went to be tested for HIV. "It was frightening and I walked up to the door of the testing center but I didn't go in," she admits. On the second day, Elizabeth managed to pluck up the courage to be tested and discovered she was positive. more »
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This week marks the 5th anniversary of the devastating Indian Ocean tsunami. Days after the tsunami struck on December 26, 2004, the IRC dispatched emergency teams to Indonesia's Aceh province. At the time, the IRC's Peter Biro wrote about a journey to Calang, a village that was virtually erased from the map. more »
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More than two months after the Pakistani military launched an offensive in the Taliban stronghold of South Waziristan, only now are the IRC and other humanitarian aid organizations gaining access to the estimated 430,000 people who have fled the fighting. more »
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Storm clouds are gathering and the wind is tugging at the plastic sheeting covering the hundreds of makeshift shelters that make up the Mungote camp in Congo's troubled North Kivu province. Over 30,000 people live here, unable to work and with little access to food. more »
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