text:
BakerHostetler Partner Alan Friel Talks Big Data and Data Collection
IP|Trend: It's Time to Get to Know the Federal Trade Commission
Polsinelli Podcast - Keep the Government out of Your Transaction: Practical Antitrust Tips for Mergers
Polsinelli Podcast - Public Policy Issues in 2013
Social Media Law Report - Who Owns Your LinkedIn Account, FTC Guidance on Social Ads, More...
$300 Million Dairy Settlement Will Bring Reform, Lawyer Says
Corporate Law Report: U.S. Manufacturing, Social Media, Online Endorsements, Hart Scott Rodino, More
On April 12th, the FTC announced proposed settlements and orders with four companies: Trans-India Products, Erickson Marketing Group, ABS Consumer Products and Beyond Coastal. The FTC issued an administrative complaint...more
In the words of the director of the Federal Trade Commission's (FTC's) Bureau of Competition, the recent enforcement against Invibio, Inc., the first company to sell implant-grade polyetheretherketone, known as PEEK, to...more
What began as a challenge to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's ("CFPB") $109 million enforcement ruling against the mortgage company PHH Corp. ("PHH") for alleged violations of the Real Estate Settlement Procedures...more
Federal and state regulatory scrutiny of the automobile finance industry has accelerated over the last several months. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB or the Bureau) and the Department of Justice (DOJ) recently...more
In this edition of our Privacy & Cybersecurity Update, we examine changes to EU privacy and data protection laws, new state laws addressing data breach notifications, Congress' review of cyber insurance, and recent court...more
Special Focus on "Safe Harbor 2.0," Privacy Shield and E.U. Data Transfers: Alston & Bird's privacy team has been closely following the development of Privacy Shield, the proposed successor to the E.U.-U.S. Safe Harbor...more
At this week's NBPCA Power of Prepaid conference in Washington, DC, DWT Payments team member Adam Maarec joined a panel entitled "Spotlight on CFPB Enforcement: Uncovering Recent Trends, Targets and Priorities Surrounding...more
Hungry to prevent more companies from selling allegedly bogus weight loss products, the FTC has settled yet another false advertising suit against various sellers of diet pills, in a case similar to February's Sale Slash...more
The Federal Trade Commission recognizes that many people benefit from companies' online tracking by getting advertising that is more targeted to their preferences. However, as the technologies and techniques used by companies...more
Earlier this year, consumers filed class action lawsuits against retailers Zulily and Burberry in federal court in New York alleging unfair and deceptive sales practices in connection with their respective marketing of...more
A recent decision of the European Court of Justice ("ECJ") regarding the sale of tobacco products highlights a long-standing tension between two sets of laws: antitrust/competition laws, which seek to keep products affordable...more
Study Finds Low Compliance for Native Advertising -
According to a new study, roughly 70 percent of websites are not compliant with the Federal Trade Commission's recently released native advertising...more
The mere possession of monopoly power does not violate federal antitrust laws. The laws only address the anticompetitive acquisition, maintenance, or abuse of that power. The Federal Trade Commission ("FTC") entered into a...more
Yesterday, a federal judge ruled that Amazon is liable for permitting unauthorized in-app purchases incurred by children. Amazon is the last in a series of actions brought by the FTC against third-party platforms related to...more
A contentious legal battle over data security between the Federal Trade Commission and LabMD, a small medical testing lab, is chronicled in the latest edition of Bloomberg Businessweek. Dune Lawrence's report raises...more
As we have previously advised, the FCC's proposed rulemaking to "protect the privacy of customers of broadband and other telecommunications services" (the "NPRM") proposes sweeping changes to the ways that Internet Service...more
A recent complaint charges PepsiCo Inc. with several antitrust violations, including price fixing and predatory pricing in violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act, conspiracy and attempt to monopolize in violation of...more
The Council of Economic Advisors, a White House agency charged with advising the president on economic policy, recently issued a report, Benefits of Competition and Indicators of Market Power, addressing the state of...more
This month, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC), and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)...more
On April 14, the FTC announced the first of a series of events intended to examine consumer protection across several areas of emerging financial technology. Scheduled to take place in Washington, D.C. on June 9, the first...more
The world of privacy grows every day as more data goes through the cloud. The new trends and weekly data breaches make conferences like the Global Privacy Summit all the more relevant.
Earlier this month we went to...more
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has commanded the attention of consumer products companies that claim their goods are completely natural, as it has now levied significant charges against five sellers of skin-care and...more
Tris Coffin heads the Vermont Volkswagen Class Action litigation team at DRM that also includes Directors Bob Luce and Marc Heath.
On the evening of April 20, a number of news outlets published stories that Volkswagen...more
Defense lawyers who checked out the Facebook page of a plaintiff suing their client can be prosecuted for attorney misconduct, New Jersey judge rules...
On April 4, 2016 the Department of Justice (DOJ) sued ValueAct Capital (ValueAct), an "activist" investment fund, for violation of the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 (the HSR Act), seeking civil...more
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Caktus Group: Django app design and development
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A devastating storm is wreaking havoc as its path takes it east.
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The Global Pulse Project Series is a collection of case studies of 20 data innovation projects covering global issues ranging from public health to climate change, food security to employment.
Pulse Lab Kampala launched the prototype of an innovative tool that analyzes public radio content from three Ugandan languages (Ugandan English, Acholi and Luganda) to help decision-makers align their strategies with the priorities of local communities.
The Global Working Group (GWG) on Big Data for Official Statistics met during the Statistical Commission to re-iterate the importance of using new data sources for sustainable development and discuss upcoming priorities for the 2030 Agenda.
Translator Gator, a new language game to support the Sustainable Development Agenda and develop a taxonomy of keywords to inform research.
A blog series with thoughts & ideas from data science teams across the entire Pulse Lab network.
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Coconut Records
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Johnette Napolitano & Danny Lohner Let It Go
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text: http://www.feedbooks.com/store/top.atom?contributor=Harriet+Ann+Jacobs&lang=en&price=5 Harriet Ann Jacobs 2016-05-04T20:34:17Z http://assets3.feedbooks.net/images/favicon.ico?t=1462363981 Feedbooks http://www.feedbooks.com firstname.lastname@example.com 3 50 Incidents In TheLife Of A Slave Girl - Illustrated & Annotated http://www.feedbooks.com/item/194150 urn:ISBN:9781908538987 urn:ISBN:9781908538987 Harriet Ann Jacobs http://www.feedbooks.com/search?query=contributor%3A%22Harriet+Ann+Jacobs%22 2012-01-12T06:45:57Z 2015-01-11T18:59:04Z en Archive Media Publishing Ltd 2012-01-09 Harriet Ann Jacobs (February 11, 1813 - March 7, 1897) was an American writer, who escaped from the horrors of slavery and became an abolitionist speaker and reformer. Jacobs' single work, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, published in 1861 u... 5 MB 3.29 Incidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl http://www.feedbooks.com/item/81158 urn:ISBN:9781446548790 urn:ISBN:9781446032008 Harriet Ann Jacobs http://www.feedbooks.com/search?query=contributor%3A%22Harriet+Ann+Jacobs%22 2011-03-31T06:00:42Z 2016-05-03T14:08:56Z en Porter Press 2010-07-11 Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text ... 306 pages 383 KB 6.99 Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl: An Autobiographical Account of an Escaped Slave and Abolitionist http://www.feedbooks.com/item/1379803 urn:ISBN:9781632209313 urn:ISBN:9781632204554 Harriet Ann Jacobs http://www.feedbooks.com/search?query=contributor%3A%22Harriet+Ann+Jacobs%22 2015-06-28T20:01:41Z 2016-05-02T01:12:24Z en Skyhorse Publishing 2015-06-22 After hiding in her grandmother's attic for seven years, Harriet Ann Jacobs was finally able to escape servitude—and her master's sexual abuse—when she fled to the North. Once there, she became a very active abolitionist, and... 240 pages 1.2 MB 9.29


text:
MELLENBRUCH: So long, Minot
April 29, 2016 I didn't even apply for this job. more »»
MELLENBRUCH: Get out the vote for Maysa Arena
April 14, 2016 What are you doing right now? Yes, this very moment. Sitting at your desk at work? Waking up at home with a morning cup of coffee? Wherever you are, make sure you do one thing today. Vote. more »»
MELLENBRUCH: Youth soccer success, titles bleeding through to high school program
April 11, 2016 Youth and inexperience go hand in hand. No surprise there. But Minot High's girls soccer team promises to be an outlier from that reality. more »»
DENEGA: Nova gave the college basketball season a fitting end
April 5, 2016 The 2015-2016 college basketball season was wild, fantastic and unpredictable. Right to the glorious end. more »»
MELLENBRUCH: Feisty Minot-Austin series sets the table for tasty first-round clash
April 5, 2016 The Minot Minotauros and Austin Bruins don't like each other. It's as simple as that. Need proof? You don't if you were at Maysa Arena over the weekend. more »»
DENEGA: Minot High traded its target for another banner
March 14, 2016 Minot High's boys basketball team carried a large target placed on its back prior to the start of the 2015-2016 season. more »»
MELLENBRUCH: Winczewski already one of North Dakota's all-time greats
March 13, 2016 There aren't many coaches in the history of North Dakota high school basketball that have laid claim to four state titles. Even fewer to have won two championships for two different schools. more »»
DENEGA: Minot State star Tyler Rudolph was snubbed by NSIC
February 29, 2016 Minot State sophomore forward Tyler Rudolph just capped a breakout season for the Beavers. more »»
JONES: Patience paying off for Ryan GBB
February 4, 2016 At the beginning of the season, Bishop Ryan girls basketball coach Julie Stewart stressed the importance of being patient with this year's squad. more »»
The Magi are still a deserving No. 2
February 3, 2016 Ahead of Monday's West Region boys basketball showdown between No. 1 Century and No. 2 Minot High, I knew the atmosphere at Magic City Campus would be one to remembe. more »»
MELLENBRUCH: Don't blame Walsh, even though you want to
January 13, 2016 In 2009, when the Minnesota Vikings lost the NFC Championship game in heartbreaking fashion, I blamed Favre. Yes, the man who brought us there. more »»
MELLENBRUCH: Beavers are clearly the team to beat
December 9, 2015 Last October, Minot State's men's hockey team traveled south with a 6-2 record, winner of four consecutive contests ahead of a four-game stretch against Oklahoma and Central Oklahoma. more »»
JONES: Knights are the clear favorite for Class B title
November 19, 2015 I will readily admit that I have never played a single game of competitive volleyball in my life, but over the years, I've watched enough matches to know what I'm talking abou. more »»
JONES: Craziness continues in Region 3 football
October 30, 2015 This year's Class A Region 3 football season has been one of the most entertaining spectacles I've ever been witnessed in all my years as a sports writer, a run that stretches more than a decade and... more »»
DENEGA: Minot High captures 1st West Region title since 2007
October 24, 2015 No. 1 Minot High completed the first of its two season-long goals Wednesday night at Duane Carlson Stadium. The Magicians took care of Goal 1 in their regular season finale, topping No. more »»
JONES: Entertaining Region 3 will be fun to watch in postseason
October 23, 2015 The 2015 Class A Region 3 football season is far and away the best football I've covered in a long, long time. more »»
DENEGA: Magi need not worry about first defeat
October 12, 2015 No. 1 Minot High suffered its first setback of the 2015 season on Friday night, a 27-7 loss to No. 2 Bismarck at the Community Bowl. But the sky is not falling. more »»
DENEGA: Minot-Bismarck winner will be the winner on Nov. 13
October 7, 2015 One versus two. They're always coveted, must-see matchups. And this week is no exception. This Friday at 7:30 p.m., the best two teams in the Class AAA football — No. 1 Minot High and No. more »»
MELLENBRUCH: Rebelo's return can lead MSU to unprecedented success
August 30, 2015 The first time I met Minot State soccer player Emilie Rebelo, I made an embarrassing mistak. more »»
DENEGA: Still work to do for Magicians after West Fargo win
August 30, 2015 Minot High's football team opened its season with a 20-12 win over West Fargo on Friday night. The win was nice, but Minot coach Barry Holmen was quick to point out the work still left to be done. more »»
HOLMGREN: Hannah Stewart should have played in Lions All-Star Game
July 15, 2015 If you're following the North Dakota Lions All-Star game series this week, which features the top boys and girls basketball talent from the class of 2015, you're probably asking yourself this... more »»
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HOLMGREN: Thanks for the Magic City memories
April 12, 2015 This is not my final article at The Minot Daily News. That'll be my column in Tuesday's paper on our all-area girls basketball team. However, Saturday was my last day as sports editor. more »
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"Periodically, I find it interesting to see what's new over at TED Talks. While not every video they have really floats my boat, there is generally a wealth of inspiration and interesting stories shared there. We've shared a number of these inspiring talks in the past – some relate specifically to teaching, others cover more general life lessons or inspiration. So it is finally May, and even the coldest of climates are emerging out of winter into spring by now, we're sharing a few more great videos to put some spring in your step. Check them out and enjoy!'
Via John Evans, Dean J. Fusto


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John Healey
Deacon Philip Curtis and Abigail Johnson
Thanks for the marriage date; it's been added. Philip senior is my 5th great grandfather.
Added by
John Healey
on Apr 25, 2016 9:05 PM
Carrie Brown portrait
I removed the obits to the Brown memorials so you can post your portraits. Regards.
Added by
on Mar 30, 2016 5:47 PM
RE: John Watson
Thank you.
Added by
on Mar 21, 2016 7:27 PM
Jim Stevens
RE: Abigail Williams May
The records can be downloaded online. I have a complete listing for the cemetery and tombs. One problem was with reference to the old tomb numbering system vs the new system.
I have sent the correction (tomb number) to the memorial manager for Abigail's FindAGrave memorial and the 'Plot' entry has now been changed so there will be no conflict with the changed pictures.
The book is called "Gravestone Inscriptions: Central Burying Ground". It is out of copyright and can be downloaded. I will send you an image of the page that gives Abigail's information if you like.
Thanks for the prompt response and thanks for taking the pictures at this cemetery.
Added by
Jim Stevens
on Feb 24, 2016 8:09 PM
RE: Cal Herrngton
We went to High School together and remained friends.
Added by
on Feb 24, 2016 8:12 AM
Re: Calvin Herrington
Yes, Calvin went to The University of Connecticut.
Added by
on Feb 24, 2016 6:20 AM
Jim Stevens
Abigail Williams May
Abigail is actually buried in Tomb 131 (new numbering), where her husband Samuel (#107090641) is buried and her husband is an owner "E&S May".
Could you change the tomb photographs in her FindAGrave memorial (#107500711)?
Added by
Jim Stevens
on Feb 23, 2016 11:04 PM
Patrick J. O
RE: Nathaniel Craft
Thanks for bringing the duplicates to my attention. The Nathaniel Craft linked to Patience Topliffe is the correct one (he is my wife's 6th great grandfather). According to Massachusetts birth records, Nathaniel was born on 11 Jan 1676 in Roxbury. Massachusetts records also show he married Patience on 26 Nov 1701 in Roxbury. In addition, his death date of 8 Sep 1746 is confirmed by the same records. I can provide copies of these documents if you wish. We are hoping to visit the Eliot Burying ground sometime this year (we live in California) and wonder if you can provide information on gaining access to the site - we've seen published information citing the difficulty in gaining access to the cemetery.
Thanks for your help!
Patrick O'Connor-Marer
Added by
Patrick J. O
on Feb 11, 2016 6:58 PM
William Dinsmore
RE: Nathaniel Cheever, 14407056
DGB.I know its been quite awhile since you sent me an email.I Guess it has been corrected as I could not find where I placed his Grave site on FINDAGRAVE .COM. Since Samuel Cheever Married into my Family to Elizabeth Dissamore/aka Dismore aka Dismore I may have made an error while posting Samuel Cheever as he did have a Son named Nathan Cheever.I am how ever pleased to correct any mistakes I make on findagrave.com or ancestry.com as records from 1600/1700/1800/and even early 1900 are full of mistakes as they also used Soundex system and what they think they heard was not what was said.Like my families last name.Dissmore,Dismore,Dissamore,and finally Dinsmore which is the correct spelling.But was not corrected until 1860s generation in Salem,Marblehead,Ma in Essex County and even Boston and New Hampshire area.Thanks.
Added by
William Dinsmore
on Feb 08, 2016 3:29 PM
Bridges at Broad Cemetery
Hi, You posted a grave photo for two children with surname Bridges at this cemetery. There was actually a third child that had not been added to findagrave, and whose name can just barely be read in this photo. He was Gilbert Chadwick Bridges. I created a memorial for him. Noting you give permission for reuse of photos, and to save you the hassle, I lifted your photo for this new memorial. If you prefer to post it yourself, let me know. --Amy
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on Dec 04, 2015 3:23 PM
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Vt. teacher facing sex charges to change pleaThe Associated Press | September 06,2013BURLINGTON - A former Burlington high school Spanish teacher accused of having a sexual relationship with a student is expected to withdraw her not guilty plea.
Prosecutors told the Burlington Free Press that a proposed plea agreement is expected to be outlined at a hearing at 3 p.m. today in court in Chittenden County for Giovanna Yaranga.
The 44-year-old Yaranga had pleaded not guilty in May to four felony counts of sexual exploitation of a minor. She later pleaded not guilty to a charge of violating her conditions of release by contacting the student after a judge ordered her to stay away from the 17-year-old boy.
Yaranga was hired by the Burlington school district in August 1998.MORE IN This Just InROCKINGHAM Wildlife will be celebrated at the 17th annual Herricks Cove Wildlife Festival... Full StoryBURLINGTON Vermont police say a Burlington man is charged with a hate crime after they say he... Full StoryMONTPELIER A working group created to determine if Vermont should try to buy more than a dozen... Full Story
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Oct 6, 1970
|Filing date
|Dec 20, 1967
|Priority date
|Feb 28, 1967
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Steenis Hein Van, Zijta Peter J
|Original Assignee
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (17), Classifications (9)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
v Oct .6,1970 N ZUTA mp 3,532,905
DETECTION SYSTEM'FOR ANALOG PULSESV INVENTORS PETER J. "ZIJTA v HEIN VAN STEENIS Bf I AGE!!! 7' I Oct.'6, 1970; P. J. ZIJTA ETAL DETECTION SYSTEM FOR ANALOG PULSES 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed ec. 20, 1967 "FIG. 5
United States Patent O 3,532,905 DETECTION SYSTEM FOR ANALOG PULSES Peter J. Zijta, Nieuwkoop, and Hein van Steenis, Amstelveen, Netherlands, assignors to International Business Machines Corporation, Armonk, N.Y., a corporation of New York Filed Dec. 20, 1967, Ser. No. 692,146 Claims priority, application Netherlands, Feb. 28, 1967, 6703131 Int. Cl. H03k 1/18 US. Cl. 307-265 7 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A detection system for analog pulses for indicating selected values on the leading and trailing edges of each pulse by comparing the wave form of the pulse with a proportionately attenuated and relatively advanced or del'ayed version of the same pulse. The delay time or advance time is selected so that the peak value of the attenuated version of the pulse is shifted sufliciently to exactly coincide with the desired point of detection on the leading or trailing slope of the pulses. The system can employ several varieties of comparing devices.
BACKGROUND This invention relates to detection systems for analog pulses of varying peak values, an edge of each pulse being detected at an amplitude dependent upon the pulse itself and representing a predetermined fraction, for example, one-half, of the peak value of the pulse itself.
Detection systems are known in the art which are capable of detecting predetermined points on either the trailing edge or the leading edge of pulses. These prior circuits are not suitable for the detection of both the leading edge and the trailing edge of an analog pulse for the purpose of providing an output signal indicative of the pulse width.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Briefly described, the present invention is arragned to directly compare an analog pulse wave form with the wave form of a relatively advanced and attenuated version of the same pulse. The advance time is selected so that the advanced version reaches its peak value exactly at the moment of coincidence with the leading edge of the original pulse. And/or an analog pulse wave form is compared directly with the wave form of a relatively delayed and attenuated version of the same pulse, the delay time being selected so that the delayed version departs from its peak value at the time of coincidence with the trailing edge of the original pulse.
A principal object of the present invention is to provide an improved detection system for analog pulse edges, which can be readily expanded into a system for the detection of both edges of an analog pulse. Another object of the invention is to provide detection circuits of lower cost, which is especially important for character recognition systems with many parallel scanning channels, because in this case each channel must be provided with an individual detection circuit.
According to the foregoing the invention renders it superfluous to first detect and store the peak voltage of an attenuated version of the analog pulse. At a given moment the wave form of the attenuated version of the analog input pulse reaches its peak value and owing to a relative time shift this given moment is made to coincide with the moment the leading or trailing edge of the analog pulse reaches this predetermined fraction of the peak value of the pulse itself, or in other words, said peak Patented Oct. 6, 1970 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be further elucidated in the following by the description of some embodiments with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a leading edge detection system in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a trailing edge detection system in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a detection system for leading and trailing edges of analog pulses constituting a combination of the embodiments in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a timing diagram, showing Wave forms appearing in the system according to FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a circuit of a detection system according to FIG. 3.
FIG. 6 is a circuit, partially in the form of a block diagram, of a third embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 shows a circuit of a fourth embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 8 shows a timing diagram of wave forms appearing in the detection system of FIG. 7.
FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 show the block diagram of a leading edge detection system, a trailing edge detection system and a combination of the two, respectively. These block diagrams will be described first, though the essence of the invention can be reflected only partly in these block diagrams and will be entirely clear only from the timing diagram of FIG. 4.
In FIG. 1, 10 is a source of analog pulses, e.g., a scanning transducer XDR, which could form part of a system for optically scanning printed characters. Transducer 10 is equipped to receive optical energy reflected by an illuminated part of a character or of the white background and to convert it into electrical voltage or current pulses. In geneal these pulses will not meet the stringent requirements of steep edges and uniform amplitudes or peak values, desired for information pulses to be processed in digital data processing equipment. The pulses generated by transducer 10 are analog pulses and these are characterized by relatively slowly rising or falling edges and Widely varying peak values. The analog pulses generated in a scanning process have a common property, however, namely that in principle the Width of the leading and trailing edges of all pulses, i.e. the duration of the rising or falling edges, has a uniform value, determined by the aperture or diameter of the sensitive surface of the transducer and the relative speed at which the scanning aperture moves in respect of the character scanned. The generated analog pulses of uniform nominal rise time, generated in transducer 10, are applied to the input terminal 12 of the detection system by way of an amplifier 11.
Input terminal 12 is connected to two inputs I and II of a comparing circuit 13 by way of two parallel signal paths. The first signal path can be traced from input terminal 12 by way of conductor 15, attenuator 16, conductor 17, to comparing input I. The second signal path can be traced from input terminal 12 by way of conductor 18, delay unit 19, conductor 20 to comparing input II. Attenuator 16 may be, eg a voltage dividing resistance network. Delay unit 19 may be, eg an artificial delay line.
Comparing circuit 13 is adapted to continuously compare the two input voltages applied to the inputs 1 and H, and to generate a digital output signal indicative of the result of the comparison. This output signal is made available at the output terminal 26 of comparing circuit 13, which is also the output terminal of the detection system. Examples of preferably used comparing circuits will be dealt with later. The relation between the binary output signal of the detection system and the analog input signal will be discussed with reference to FIG. 4.
In FIG. 2 a block diagram of a detection system for the detection of the trailing edge of analog pulses has been shown as a second embodiment of the invention. The analog pulses are applied to input terminal 12 and from there to comparing circuit 13 by way of two parallel conductive paths. The first of these signal paths is constituted by conductor between input 12 and comparing output I. The second signal path can be traced form input terminal 12 by way of conductor 21, delay unit 22, conductor 23, attenuator 24, conductor to input II of comparing circuit 13. This comparing circuit is also provided with an output terminal 26 and its operation is identical to that of comparing circuit 13 in FIG. 1.
In FIGS. 1 and 2 the delay units 19, 22, respectively, are represented by a block with the same indication DLY to indicate that their construction may be the same and that their operation is identical. Likewise the blocks for the attenuators 16, 24, respectively, are provided with the same indication ATT. The comparing circuits 13 have the same indication COMP. The operation of the detection system of FIG. 2 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 4.
FIG. 3 shows the block diagram of a further embodiment of the invention, which constitutes a combination of the embodiments in FIGS. 1 and 2 and which, therefore, serves to detect both the leading edges and the trailing edges of analog input pulses. In this case the input terminal 12 of the system is connected by way of three parallel signal paths to three inputs of a comparing circuit 13. The first signal path runs from input 12 through conductor 15, attenuator 16, conductor 16 to comparing input I. The second path runs from input 12 through conductor 18, delay unit 19, conductor 20, to comparing input II. The third parallel signal path runs from input terminal 12 through conductor 18, delay unit 19, conductor 21, delay unit 22, conductor 23, attenuator 24, conductor 25, to comparing input III of comparing circuit 13. Consequently, the second and third signal paths partly coincide, both comprising conductor 18 and delay unit 19. It is further noted that the numbers I, II, III of the three comparing inputs reflects the sequence in which these inputs are reached by the same analog input pulse. An input pulse appearing at input terminal 12 is simultaneously fed in attenuated form to comparing input I,
the first path causing only attenuation but no delay. At comparing input 11 appears an unattenuated, but somewhat delayed version of the same pulse, that is to say the input pulse, shifted one arbitrary time unit, in consequence of delay unit 19, incorporated in the second path. By way of the third signal path there appears at comparing input II an attenuated version of the same analog pulse, which however, is shifted two time units in respect of the original analog input pulse at input terminal 12, on account of the two delay units 19 and 22 incorporated in the third signal path. Consequently this attenuated version of the pulse arrives at input III one time unit later than the unattenuated pulse version arirves at input 11.
In comparing circuit 13' analog input pulse version II, which is unattenuated but delayed one time unit, is compared with the versions I and III, the first (I) of which is attenuated and advanced one time unit in regard of II, the other one (III) being attenuated and delayed one time unit in respect of II. The output signal representing the result of the comparison is of a binary nature and indicates whether version II is greater than either of the two other versions (I and III) or not. Moreover, if so desired comparing circuit 13 may may be connected by way of conductor 29 to a source 28 of threshold voltage THR, that is to say a constant or, if so required, a relatively slowly varying voltage, differing sufiiciently from the reference voltage of the analog pulses that noise spikes and other transient voltages do not exceed this threshold voltage. In this case the binary output signal indicates whether or not pulse version II is greater than either of the two other versions I and III and greater than threshold voltage THR. The systems of FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 might also have a threshold voltage source 28 added thereto.
The selection prescribed by the invention of the delay time of delay unit 19, 22, respectively, will now be elucidated with reference to FIG. 4. This shows the wave forms of the versions I, II and III of some analog pulses. It is assumed that the analog pulses have the shape of a trapezium, or, as a border-line case, the shape of a triangle. The three analog pulses shown as examples have different peak values but uniform edge widths. In this example, it is furthermore assumed that the attenuators 16, 24, respectively, supply an attenuation of 50%. In agreement therewith the delay time of delay unit 19 has been selected so that it is equal to half the uniform rise time of the three pulses. It is seen that the attenuated version I of the first analog pulse, in the drawing crosshatched to the right as seen from below, has a peak value of half the height of the peak value of the delayed but unattenuated version H of the same pulse. Version II being delayed half the rise time, it has reached half its height the moment version I reaches its maximum height. At this moment the wave forms are coincident, that is the pulse amplitudes have become equal, and hereafter II is greater than I.
The output signal of comparing circuit 13 represented in the bottommost graph of FIG. 4 shows a transition from the inactive high level to the active low level at the time pulse version II becomes greater than each of the voltages THR, I and III at the other inputs of circuit 13'. Thus the leading edge of analog input pulse version II, delayed one time unit but otherwise true and unattenuated, has been detected at 50% of its peak level. In this detection process only the pulse versions I and II play a part, as is obvious from FIG. 4. Consequently leading edge detection is performed in exactly the same fashion by the circuit of FIG. 1, wherein upon receipt of an analog input pulse the same pulse versions I and II are generated and compared, provided also in this case the delay time of delay unit 19 and the attenuation factor of attenuator 1 6 are interrelated in the same way as set forth in the foregoing, in accordance with the invention.
From FIG. 4 it can furthermore be seen that at the time version I reaches its peak value and version II half the peak value, pulse version III begins to rise. Pulse version III, cross-hatched to the left as seen from below in the drawing, remains well below pulse II till the moment version III is on the point of leaving its peak level, pulse II having come already halfway its falling trailing edge in consequence of the time difference of half the nominal fall time, imposed by delay unit 22. At this moment 11 coincides with III, and thereafter II becomes smaller than III, the slope of II being steeper than that of III. Now the output signal again shows a sharp transition fro mthe active low level back to the inactive high level. In consequence hereof the trailing edge of pulse version II has been detected at 50% of its peak value. During this trailing edge detection only the pulse versions II and III play an active part, as can be seen from FIG. 4. Therefore trailing edge detection is performed in precisely the same fashion by the circuit in FIG. 2, in which at the comparing inputs I and II there appear two versions of each input pulse, showing the same interrelations as the pulse versions II and III represented in FIG. 4 as they are undelayed and delayed one time unit, respectively, provided the delay time of delay unit 22 in FIG. 2 is adjusted at half the nominal fall time of the analog input pulses and attenuator 24 supplies an attenuation of 50%.
From FIG. 4 it can furthermore be seen that also the other analog pulses given as examples are each detected on their leading and trailing edges at 50% of their individual peak values by the operation of the circuit of FIG. 3. After being delayed one time unit, each of these pulses is again compared with attenuated and relatively advanced or delayed versions of the same pulse. Thus any influence of the varying peak values is eliminated, the digital output pulses being a true reflection of the various pulse widths. The centre analog pulse is immediately followed by the right-hand pulse, without the input remaining at the reference level any longer. From FIG. 4 it can be seen that the pulse detection proceeds undisturbed all the same, so that the detection system of FIG. 3 requires no recovery time but is immediately ready for the detection of the following input pulse after detecting a pulse.
If edge detection at another level than 50% is desired, the adjustment of the delay units 19 and 22 and the attenuators 16 and 24 should be changed corresponding 1y. For example, for detection at 70% of the peak level of each pulse the attenuation should amount to 30% and the delay time 30% of the nominal pulse edge duration. This holds good for pulses with rectilinear edges, as represented in the drawings. In practice the pulse wave forms will be more flowing, in consequence of the relatively strong damping of the higher harmonics. Nevertheless an adjustment of the attenuators and the delay units can always be selected in accordanmce with the invention, so that the relatively advanced and attenuated pulse version I reaches its peak value at the time of coincidence with the leading edge to be detected of pulse version II and the relatively delayed and attenuated version III is on the point of leaving its peak value at the time of coincidence with the trailing edge to be detected of pulse II. The proper circuit parameters may for example be selected by fitting the transducer in a robot and by inspecting and measuring the curve of the periodically generated pulses with nominal edge widths on an oscilloscope screen.
The switching circuit of a detection system according to FIG. 3 is represented in FIG. 5. The input terminal 12 is connected to conductor 32 via capacitor 31. Capacitor 31 provides direct current isolation between the source of analog pulses connected to input 12 and the rest of the circuit. Conductor 32 is connected, by way of diode 33, to conductor 34, which is at -6 v. direct voltage. Thus positive going input pulses are clamped at a reference level of 6 v., whereas negative going input pulses are shortcircuited to the source of 6 v. A positive going analog pulse in conductor 32 now travels along three parallel paths to the three comparing inputs I, H and III of comparing circuit 13. The first path is from conductor 32 through voltage divider 16 to input I. The second path runs through the first half of delay line 35 and centre tap 36 to input 11. The third path runs through the whole delay line 35 and voltage divider 24 to input III. The end of delay line 35 is closed through resistor 38, in parallel with the resistor of voltage divider 24, in such a way that no energy is reflected into the line.
The comparing inputs I, II and III of COMP 13' are connected to the base electrodes of three transistors 41, 42 and 43 respectively. The emitter electrode thereof are connected to a common conductor 44, connected, by way of resistor 45, to conductor 46, which is at -12 v. Conductor 44 is furthermore connected to the emitter electrode of a further transistor 40, the base electrode of which is connected, by Way of conductor 29, to a source of threshold voltage THR, consisting of voltage divider 28 between -6 v. and ground. The collector electrode of transistor 42 is connected to +6 v. by way of line 49. The collectors of the other transistors 40, 41 and 43 are connected to :+12 v. by way of a common conductor 50 and load resistor 51. Furthermore conductor 50 is connected to diode 53 and the base electrode of transistor 54. The other electrode of diode 53 is connected to ground, just like the emitter of transistor 54. The collector of this transistor is connected to the output terminal 26 and by way of resistance 55-, to -12 v. The components 53-55 constitute an inverter circuit 52, indicated with INV, to be elucidated later.
Initially, when there are no input signals, the three comparing inputs I-III of COMP 13' are all -6 v. The input 29 for the threshold voltage is at a value between 0 and 6 v., for example -5 v., which results in an elfective threshold voltage of 1 v. Under these circumstances, transistor 40 has a higher control voltage applied to its base electrode than any of the other transistors 41-43. Transistor 40 is then conducting, so that the voltage on the common emitter line 44 is practically equal to the threshold voltage THR, the three transistors 4143 being cut off. However, as soon as one of these three should receive a voltage higher than THR, the transistor concerned would become conductive, as a result of which the common emitter voltage rises accordingly and transistor 40 would be cut off. Consequently, one of the four transistors 40-43 will always be conductive. On account of the conduction of transistor 40 collector line 50 is below 0 volts. Resistor 51 is selected so that conductor 50 is a few volts negative so long as one of the transistors 40, 41 or 43 is conducting. Diode 53 is then cut off and transistor 54 is conductive, so that the output voltage is at its high level, practically zero volts. This does not change when an analog input pulse appears at input 12. When the rising edge of pulse version I exceeds the threshold voltage THR (FIG. 4), the conduction switches from transistor 40 to transistor 41, but the Voltage in conductor 50 remains low and the output Voltage at 26 high (0 volts).
However, as soon as the unattenuated pulse version II has become the most positive, that is just above 50% of its leading edge, transistor 42 is put into conduction so that the voltage in conductor 50 rises above zero volt, in consequence of which diode 53 become conductive and transistor 54 is cut off. Now the output voltage on terminal 26 sharply decreases to -12 v. and this condition continues until one of the three'transistors 40, 41 and 43 becomes conductive and transistor 42 is switched off. This will be the case as soon as the trailing edge of pulse version II decreases below 50% of its peak value, as is evident from FIG. 4. Transistor 43 is now put into conduction, the voltage of conductor 50 decreasing again to a few volts negative. Transistor 54 is now put into conduction again, the output signal shifting to its high level.
At the same moment the circuit is ready to detect a new analog input pulse, that is to say there is no recovery time required. Further, it will be obvious that the comparing circuit 13' here described can also be used in the cases of FIG. 1, when only the leading edge of each pulse is to be detected, so that the second part of delay line 35 (in FIG. 5), attenuator 24 and transistor 43 are superfluous, or of FIG. 2, in which case only the trailing edge is to be detected, and attenuator 16, transistor 41 and the first part of delay line 35 are superfluous. It would also be possible to take an output signal from collector line 49 of transistor 42 instead of from the common collector line 50, as will be illustrated in FIG. 6.
The pulse detection circuit in FIG. 6 is an application of the diagrammatically represented leading edge detection system of FIG. 1, the operation of which has already been described in the foregoing. The comparing circuit in FIG. 6 comprises the three transistors 40, 41 and 42 and common resistor 45, described with reference to FIG. 5. However, comparing circuit 130 has been extended with the capacity to detect and store the peak level of the attenuated pulse version I, in order to be able to use this peak level again for the detection of the trailing edge of pulse II.
The base electrode of transistor 41 is connected, by
way of conductor 47, to the base of transistor 57, the collector electrode of which is connected to the common collector line 50 of the transistors 40 and 41, which is at +6 volts. The emitter electrode of transistor 57 is connected, by way of diode 58, to the common emitter line 44 of the other transistors 40-42, and also, by way of capacitor 59, to conductor 46, which is at 12 volts. The collector of transistor 42 is connected to +12 volts through conductor 49 and resistor 56. Furthermore conductor 49 is connected to the input of inverter circuit 60, the output of which is connected to output terminal 26. This circuit 60 can be identical to for example the circuit INV 52 in FIG. 5.
The detection circuit in FIG. 6 operates as follows. Initially, when there is no analog input pulse, only transistor 40 is conductive. Transistor 42 being cut off, collector line 49 is at its high level, the output signal on terminal 26 being at its low level. When transistor 40 is conducting, the voltage of common emitter line 44 is substantially equal to the threshold voltage THR. On account of the polarity of diode 58 the voltage of capacitor 59 can never be higher than the voltage of line 44.
When transistor 41 goes into conduction during the leading edge of an analog pulse on input terminal 12, the voltage in line 44 follows the rising leading edge of pulse version I. Transistor 57 receives by way of line 47 the wave form of pulse version I as a control voltage, and consequently, also the voltage on capacitor 59 tending to follow wave form I rises. When the peak value of wave form I has been reached, transistor 57 ceases to conduct the current, the control voltage on the base not rising further above the emitter voltage, that is the voltage stored in capacitor 59. Diode 58 is now blocked, the voltage in line 44 following the pulse wave form II, which controls transistor 42, and thus rising above the peak voltage of pulse version I stored on capacitor 59. While transistor 42 is conducting, the voltage in line 49 is at its low level, therefore the output signal at output 26 of inverter circuit 60 is high now. Halfway the trailing edge of pulse Wave form II the peak level of pulse version I is reached again and passed downward. Diode 58 is now forward biased and goes into conduction. Capacitor 59 then begins to discharge via the diode 58 and the resistor 45. The RC-time of this discharge circuit has been selected so that it is long enough for the voltage in line 44 to decrease more slowly than the trailing edge of analog pulse version II. Consequently, the transistor 42 is switched off and the output signal on terminal 26 shifts back to its low value. Thus the trailing edge of an analog pulse has been detected at the same relative level as the leading edge. The advantage of this circuit over the on in FIG. is that in FIG. 6 a shorter delay line is used; on the other hand the comparing circuit 130 in FIG. 6 requires a short recovery time, at least after a strong input pulse, before the capacitor 59 has discharged to the threshold voltage THR.
In the examples of comparing circuits given in the foregoing the transistor 42, which was controlled by pulse version II, was conductive only when version II was greater than all other comparing voltages. The reverse is also possible, as is apparent for example from the detection circuit in FIG. 7. This circuit is an application of the detection system shown in FIG. 1, the comparing circuit being extended with a storage facility. Comparing input I is connected to the base of NPN-transistor 61, the collector of which is connected to +12 volts, the emitter being connected to conductor 64. The latter is connected, via diode 65, to a source of threshold voltage THR of for example +8 volts, and via capacitor 66 to a terminal which is at +6 volts. Furthermore, conductor 64 is connected, via resistance 63, to the emitter of PNP-transistor 62, of which the base is connected to comparing input II and the collector to output 26. Also, the collector of transistor 62 is connected to ground by way of diode 68, and to 12 volts by way of resistor 67. The
wave forms appearing during operation of this circuit are represented in FIG. 8.
Initially, before an analog pulse appears at input 12, the comparing inputs I and II of COMP 132 are both at +6 volts. A current flows in a circuit from +8 volts through diode 65, conductor 64, resistor 63, transistor 62, resistor 67, to -l2 volts. The voltage V on capacitor 66 is now +7.8 volts. Transistor 61 does not conduct. Resistor 63 serves to limit the emitter current of transistor 62. Resistor 67 has been selected so that only a fraction, for example 10%, of the collector current flows by way thereof to 12 volts. Consequently the collector voltage rises to above 0 volts, so that diode 68 is conductive and conducts the rest of the collector current to ground. Therefore the output voltage is now substantially 0 volts. However, if the conduction of transistor 62 would be cut off, the output 26 will suddenly shift from 0 to 12 volts only upon the disappearance of the last 10% of the collector current.
When the leading edge of the attenuated and undelayed version I of an analog input pulse rises above +7.8 volts, transistor 61 goes into conduction. The voltage V on capacitor 66 follows the wave form I upwards, until it has reached its peak value. Diode 65 is blocked. Transistor 62 remains conductive, until the delayed but unattenuated pulse version 11 reaches half its peak value. Now the wave forms I and II are coincident, the emitter and base voltages of transistor 62 have become equal and the conduction breaks oft. The transistors 61 and 62 and diode 65 are now all cut off, so that the charge is stored on capacitor 66. The output signal has been shifted to 12 volts. This state is maintained until wave form II has fallen, on its trailing edge, below the stored peak voltage of wave form I. Thereupon transistor 62 goes into conduction and shifts the output voltage on terminal 26' upwards again to 0 volt. Capacitor 66 is discharged via resistor 63 and transistor 62, in consequence of which V returns to the threshold value +7.8 volts, restoring the system to the initial state. Now diode 65 is conductive again. FIG. 8 shows the trend of the emitter voltage of transistor 62, represented by the dotted line V When no pulse is detected, so that the output signal is high, V V current flowing in resistor 63, and V II, transistor 62 being conductive.
The circuits shown in FIG. 5, 6 and 7 are preferred embodiments of detection systems according to the invention, shown to illustrate the invention, but not as a limitation of the scope of the invention. Many alterations could be made in the embodiments shown without departing from the scope of the invention. Negative going analog pulses can for example be detected in the manner described by reversing in the circuits described all polarities of voltage sources and rectifying semiconductor junc tions.
We claim:
1. A system for detecting analog pulses at the leading and trailing edges thereof, said pulses having varying peak values but uniform rise and fall times, said detection to be performed at a variable level having a fixed relation to the peak value of each individual pulse, said system comprising, in combination,
(a) advancing means for deriving a relatively advanced and attenuated version of each pulse,
(b) delay means for deriving a relatively delayed and attenuated version of each pulse,
(c) and comparing means connected to said advancing means and said delay means for continuously and directly comparing each pulse with both the advanced and the delayed versions of the same pulse and providing an output signal only during the time that said pulse exceeds either the advanced or the delayed ver sions of the same pulse.
2. A system for detecting the edges of analog pulses at varying peak values, said pulses having uniform edge widths, said system comprising, in combination,
(a) a signal input terminal,
(b) a continuous and directly effective amplitude comparator having two inputs and an output,
(c) a first conductive path for connecting said input terminal to one of the comparator inputs,
(d) a second conductive path for connecting said input terminal to the other of the comparator inputs,
(e) attenuating means connected in one of said conductive paths, and
(f) delay means connected in one of said conductive paths, the delay time being selected so that the edge of the unattenuated version of an input pulse emerging fromone of said conductive paths coincides with the peak value of the attenuated version of the same input pulse emerging from the other conductive path.
3. A system for detecting analog pulses as claimed in claim 2, in which the first conductive path comprises an attenuator and the second conductive path comprises a delay element, and further including, in said amplitude comparator (a) a plurality of transistors of the same conductivity type, the base electrodes of the transistors each being connected to a respective one of the comparator inputs, the emitter electrodes all being connected to a common emitted resistor, and the collector electrode of at least one transistor being connected to the output of the comparator,
(b) an additional transistor having its base electrode connected to said first conductive path,
(c) a capacitor having one plate connected to a source of constant voltage and the other plate connected to the emitter electrode of said additional transistor, and
(d) a diode connecting the emitter electrode of said additional transistor to the emitter electrodes of said plurality of transistors.
4. A system for detecting analog pulses as claimed in claim 2, in which the first conductive path comprises an attenuator and the second conductive path comprises a delay element, further including, in said comparator,
(a) a first and a second transistor of opposite conductivity types,
(b) an emitter resistor connected between the emitter electrodes of said first and said second transistors,
(c) conductor means connecting the base electrode of said first transistor to said first conductive path, and connecting the base electrode of said second transistor to said second conductive path,
(d) a diode,
(e) a storage capacitor,
(f) a constant voltage source,
(g) a threshold voltage source,
(h) said storage capacitor having one plate connected to said constant voltage source and having the other plate connected to the emitter electrode of said first transistor and also connected via said diode to said threshold voltage source, and
(i) an output circuit connected to the collector electrode of said second transistor.
5. A system for detecting both edges of analog pulses of varying peak values, said pulse being uniform edge widths, said system comprising, in combination,
(a) a signal input terminal,
(b) an amplitude comparator having three inputs and an output,
(0) a first conductive path including attenuating means between said input terminal and a first input of said comparator,
(cl) a second conductive path including a delay element between said input terminal and a second input of said comparator, and
(e) a third conductive path including attenuating means in series with a delay element, between said input terminal and the third input of said comparator,
the delay times of the delay elements in said second and third paths being selected so that the leading edge of a delayed but attenuated pulse emerging from said second path coincides with the peak values of an attenuated undelayed pulse emerging from said first path, and so that the trailing edge of the delayed unattenuated pulse emerging from the second path coincities with the peak value of delayed and attenuated pulses emerging from the third path.
6. A system for detecting analog pulses as claimed in claim 5, in which the amplitude comparator comprises a plurality of transistors of the same conductivity type, the base electrodes of the transistors each being connected to a respective one of the comparator inputs, the emitter electrodes all being connected to a common emitter resistor, and the collector electrode of at least one transistor being connected to the output of the comparator.
7. A system for detecting analog pulses as claimed in claim 6, in which the base electrode of one of the transistors of the comparator is connected to a source of constant or relatively slowly varying threshold voltage.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,042,873 7/1962 Smith 328- XR 3,149,288 9/1964 Rhodes 32856 XR 3,280,345 10/1966 Van Steenis 307235 XR 3,280,3'46 10/1966 Schoute 307-235 XR 3,293,552 12/1966 Sichak et al. 328-56 3,327,230 6/1967 Konian 307268 XR STANLEY T. KRAWCZEWICZ, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 29, 1954
|Jul 3, 1962
|Delay line circuitry for color television receivers
|Sep 29, 1960
|Sep 15, 1964
|Rhodes Laddie T
|Video processing circuit employing pulse stretcher and delay-line to automatically control clipping level of input signals
|Apr 6, 1964
|Oct 18, 1966
|Circuit generating time-reference pulses on trailing-edge of analoginput employing dual-input paths respectively controlling charging and discharging of capacitor
|Apr 6, 1964
|Oct 18, 1966
|Pulse circuit generating noise discriminated time-reference pulses from analog input
|Feb 13, 1964
|Dec 20, 1966
|Comm Systems Inc
|Phase slope delay
|Dec 30, 1963
|Jun 20, 1967
|Rca Corp
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 24, 1969
|Feb 15, 1972
|Harris Intertype Corp
|Envelope delay compensation circuit
|Dec 23, 1971
|Feb 5, 1974
|Fujitsu Ltd
|Binary shaping circuit
|May 7, 1973
|Jan 28, 1975
|Coulter Electronics
|Particle analyzing method and apparatus having pulse amplitude modification for particle volume linearization
|Feb 11, 1974
|Oct 7, 1975
|Kimzey Gene A
|Variable time delay voltage dropout detector
|May 27, 1977
|Jan 16, 1979
|Tektronix, Inc.
|Pulse width normalizer
|Jul 26, 1977
|Dec 18, 1979
|Ortec Incorporated
|Constant fraction signal shaping apparatus
|Apr 20, 1979
|Apr 21, 1981
|Research Corporation
|Pulse edge measurement for determining particle dimensional characteristics
|Oct 17, 1985
|Jun 30, 1987
|Ampex Corporation
|Synchronization slicer
|Feb 25, 1986
|Sep 15, 1987
|Device for detecting a pulse train in noise and application to a radionavigation aid system of DME type
|May 28, 1985
|Sep 15, 1987
|Basic Measuring Instruments
|Waveform disturbance detection apparatus and method
|Mar 27, 1990
|Oct 15, 1991
|Digital Equipment Corporation
|Transmitting high-bandwidth signals on coaxial cable
|Aug 25, 1995
|Sep 2, 1997
|Imra America, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for time invariant pulse detection
|May 23, 1996
|Sep 15, 1998
|Basic Measuring Instruments
|Power quality transducer for use with supervisory control systems
|Mar 4, 1980
|Oct 1, 1980
|LUCAS INDUSTRIES public limited company
|Battery charging systems for road vehicles
|Mar 4, 1986
|Sep 17, 1986
|Detection of a pulse train in noise and its use in a DME radionavigation system
|Oct 16, 1986
|Apr 29, 1987
|Ampex Corporation
|Synchronization slicer
|Jan 31, 1990
|Aug 8, 1990
|Digital Equipment Corporation
|Transmitting high-bandwidth signals on coaxial cable
|U.S. Classification
|327/72, 327/100, 327/90, 327/172
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
Jürgen Döring is director of the Graphische Sammlung at the Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe in Hamburg, Germany, where he has curated several exhibitions on poster art.
Roger Ebert
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text:
Submitted by ANDREW S. (Intel) on
The source code for this sample can be found here: https://github.com/gomobile/sample-cssanimation or download the Intel(R) XDK to check out all the HTML5 Samples.
Source Code
The CSS3 animation sample has several HTML5 elements created for the features of the character to be animated, as well as the six buttons to trigger the different expressions.
The buttons trigger functions that alter the CSS classes that manage the properties of the HTML5 elements of the character. There are six different sets of CSS classes, essentially one for each emotion the character shows. Find these CSS classes in the css/main.css file.
The code that actually alters the CSS classes is found in the js/main.js file.


text:
This should be about a $90 stock. If (this is a big if) the CEO would split the company in two, it would be a $100 stock.
Compared to other major integrated oil firms this one is cheap - but I think this one is the most behind-the-times, outdated.
Sentiment: Buy
I agree that it should be up on oil prices. I bought nearly $50k of shares in September just before the downturn at $87.45. Had I used analytics, I would have sold the next day when it was going down and when the OPEC guys were in the news announcing "There's plenty of oil for everyone! By the way, for our part, we're going to ramp up production to make sure there's enough!" I'm holding on this stock till it goes back up to at least $87.45 and I getting out of it. I've been waiting months utterly tortured by this waiting process. I've even attempted to get a refund from the company but nobody will call me back on this. It should be more affordable for them now that it's closer to the price I paid. Billionaire Chanos bought some around the time that I did, but if he's stayed in, he is probably able to be in it long. All indicators today point toward another crossing of the lines which could me another upturn or major downturn and the down has happened too often these past few months.
Sentiment: Hold
If this stresses you out that much, don't put so much of your net worth in one stock. It is not worth the stress. But keep in mind you bought a stock with a 3% dividend yield and plenty of cash. Your money is fairly safe as your downside is limited.
You mean you tried to contact OXY to get a refund on the share price dropping after you bought it? FYI: That's not how it works. This is a good company, hold for longer term plus dividend. This great company.
Oil price this morning is over $96.00 in Asia Trading.
Looking good.
What do you mean by split the company in two? The oil & gas exploration and production business is over 85% of the entire company. Chemicals and midstream are small. This is not the old COP or MRO that had big refining and Marketing operations. OXY is almost a pure E&P now. I guess you could either sell off or split off the international and concentrate on the US. The Chemical and Midstream also have higher returns than the E&P, but again it is miniscule compared to E&P.
I think you are thinking of the old OXY. When you add in their acquisitions is where you get a lot of their processing, refining and chemicals. They could increase their dividend payments and that would change the price of the stock instantly.
Occidental gets about 75% of income from oil & gas. 25% of revenue comes from chemicals and refining. It is in the latest quarterly filing. They have signficant chemical processing in California.
They could sell their PVC business and their share in Dwight & Church. I think that their PVC business is bigger than 10%. It is an unrelated business.


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Dimon Will Testify Before Senate Committee
TheStreet) -- JPMorgan Chase (JPM - Get Report) CEO Jamie Dimon has been will testify before the Senate Banking Committee on the bank's recently disclosed $2 billion trading loss. The Senate Banking Committee will hold two hearings with key financial regulators in the coming weeks, one on May 22, where it will hear from the SEC and the CFTC and the other on June 6 with the Federal Reserve, FDIC, CFPB, OCC and the Treasury.As part of these hearings, the Committee will be updated on facts related to JPMorgan's trading debacle. The Committee then intends to hear from Dimon himself on the issue. "Our due diligence has made it clear that the Banking Committee should hear directly from JPMorgan Chase's CEO Jamie Dimon, and following our two Wall Street reform oversight hearings I plan to invite him to testify," Senate Banking Committee Chairman Tim Johnson (D-SD), said in a statement. "I encourage all of my colleagues on the Banking Committee to participate in these three critically important and timely hearings, so we can all better understand the facts." JPMorgan confirmed that the CEO will testify before the Banking Committee. "As always, we will continue to be open and transparent with our regulators and Congress," a company spokesperson said in a statement. Shares of JPMorgan were down nearly 4% Thursday, as it continues to reel under the impact of the recent disclosure as well as broad market weakness linked to euro zone concerns. -- Written by Shanthi Bharatwaj from New YorkNEW YORK (
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text:
She is a high-ranking mermaid, explaining mostly why she looks like she does and the amount of jewellry.
Deviant Art
There is tree
It is very pretty tree
On a hill
One side is dismal and looks dead
The other side seems to be fairly pleasant
There is a reason why
On one side, we have a woman hanging
She had recently gone insane and opted to end her life
She would fail at this
On the other side, is a girl swinging on a swing
She is from a time of innocence and happiness, long before now
She and the woman are the same
The little girl from a time the woman seemed so interested in forgetting
Or, rather, seemed so interested in wanting nothing more to regain
She could really do neither
Yet, the little girl never knew this would become of her
Her life before contrasted so differently from her life in the future
It is hard believing such an innocent girl would become a suicidal mentally ill wreck
I wonder could our past and future be any more different?
White Cane"Okay, I'll bite. When Doki don't got her glasses, why does she need a white cane, ya know, the kind that blind people use?" Ginger asked.
Spin breathed in heavily and said, "She needs a white cane because of that one time, she walked into the street and caused a car accident and had fallen down the stairs because she couldn't see."
"How did that happen?"
It was summer day and Doki's glasses were recently broken and, by "recent", I mean that they were broken about an hour ago. Of course, she couldn't see thing and we were foolish to leave her alone. Naturally, she decided to try to find her way to the glasses store without any sort of help. Nevertheless, this proved to be awful, as she apparently has no peripheral vision and is very nearsighted without her glasses to the point that the fuzzy images she see seems to blend together
So, as she attempted to cross the street, she walked right into the middle of the road. Seven cars piled up on top of each o
|Sta.sh Submit


text:
City Council's support of purification plan reflects big shift in public attitudes
Nearly a decade ago, a city survey showed that three-quarters of San Diegans turned up their noses at the thought of using wastewater purified into tap water — a process that critics snubbed as "toilet to tap."
Last week, the City Council voted to move ahead with a plan to purify 15 million gallons per day of recycled wastewater, confident that the tide of public opinion had turned in its favor. The decision was bolstered by a recent poll showing that 73 percent of San Diegans now support the conversion process.
Council members voted unanimously to pursue a full-scale plant to filter local wastewater, and they asked city staff to report back with detailed cost and construction estimates. They expect to vote on a final plan in about a year; construction of a purification facility and pipeline could take a decade.
The shift in public sentiment, officials said, reflects years of outreach about the safety of purified water and changing opinions among city leaders, along with hard lessons about dwindling water supplies and soaring rates. Squeamishness toward reusing flushed flows has given way to the reality of water shortages.
"There's been more of a dialogue in the state about water availability, and I think people are more informed about water," said Councilman David Alvarez, chairman of the city's Natural Resources and Culture Committee, which has helped develop the purification plan.
For two years, the city has run a demonstration project, filtering a million gallons of recycled water per day through a series of treatments to produce a product of the same crystalline quality as distilled water.
Most San Diegans are fine with that, according to a poll of 816 city residents conducted by San Diego State University researcher Richard Parker. The survey found that 73 percent of respondents somewhat or strongly favored treating recycled wastewater for use as tap water, up from just 26 percent in 2004.
To persuade residents about the safety of this purified water, city officials have drawn up educational materials and produced a short video. They've hosted tours of the demonstration project for civic, school and Scout groups. Local opinion makers have weighed in as well.
In 2007, for example, former Mayor Jerry Sanders said at a news conference that he would oppose "toilet to tap," according to a TV report. Three years later, Sanders told Voice of San Diego that he supported the project, adding that he wouldn't "quibble with scientists."
Advocates of the project point out that purifying water is hardly new. Nature has been doing it forever, and still filters water through the natural waterways we rely on for imports. Scores of water-treatment facilities dump their product into the channels of the Colorado River and the State Water Project, which together supply most of the San Diego region's water.
A San Diego city report describes the proposed purification process as the "urban water cycle" — a "sped-up version" of natural filtration.
"The study showed that the water, once purified, is cleaner than the water that is flowing through our taps right now," said Lani Lutar, executive director of the Equinox Center and co-founder of the San Diego Water Reliability Coalition, an alliance of business and environmental groups. "In fact, the water that comes out of our taps right now has been recycled dozens of times over."
At the demonstration project in San Diego's North City Water Reclamation Plant, an array of shiny tanks and tubes and filters recycle water to sparkling purity, said Amy Dorman, the senior engineer heading the operation.
The process starts with microfiltration: rows of plastic tubes containing bundles of hollow membranes. Microscopic pores on their surfaces allow water molecules in, filtering microbes and other contaminants out. The purified water travels through the center of the strawlike membranes.