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1 - 15
of about
Alternatives To Skype
By: Ben Vestic |
Video calling is a technological advancement that has made communication way easier for many people. In this way, you get to speak with a person from a hundred or so miles away through the Internet.
read more
Skype 5 Freezes
By: Faisal Khan |
Skype 5 is widely used video conferencing application. However, it is reported that Skye 5 freezes on constant intervals. Are you wondering why you cannot connect to a Skype call? There are various reasons behind Skye 5 freezing on Windows platform especially.
read more
Skype Call Recorder and Skype video recorder
By: supertintin |
SuperTintin is a brilliant piece of software that allows you to record all of the conversations that you conduct over Skype and MSN Live Messenger.
read more
Skype Internet Phone Service
By: Randy Lawrence |
Skype is an eBay company that provides Internet telephony service as an international company started in 2003 with headquarters in Luxembourg. Their founders had experience in similar services in the television sector. The service uses the latest technology of VOIP as a peer to peer setup rather than the more popular server/client model. Its popularity has resulted in rapid growth since it entered this communication niche.
read more
Skype Removal - How to Remove All Traces of Skype?
By: ianchan1985 |
When you scan your computer with Skype, it can find many threats in time and remove them from your computer. But sometimes, you may feel that is not helpful for your computer, and you want to remove this Skype.
read more
Choosing A Voip - Skype Vs Vonage
By: Andrew Wiggin |
Article Marketing
It''s important to standardize a technology for it to achieve mass adoption. One of the reasons the Internet has taken off so well is that everyone uses the same protocols and standards to communicate...
read more
How Microsoft Will Change Skype by batteryfast
By: laptop battery |
Internet Marketing
Did Microsoft pay too much? What does this mean for Skype's competitors? And how will the software giant change the VOIP service we know and love?
read more
Calling Cards Work Where Skype Does Not
By: exlinteractive |
A particular technology like Skype might be good but it cannot be tagged as the best technology for a longer period of time. In technological realm, one overpowers the other. There are some circumstances where Skype does not work but calling cards do make a difference in those circumstances. There are no limitations while using calling cards. They are cheaper, easy to use and user friendly.
read more
An Easy way to Learn English Lesson with Skype
By: Hiroko Joya |
Online Business
Skype is the flexible and convenient way to learn English quickly and efficiently. Skype seems to be the most effective way to get more information and valuable experience.
read more
Save Important Conversations with Skype Call Recorder
By: super tintin |
Supertintin records both audio and video streams in Skype/MSN chat.
read more
Skype: Redefining Corporate Communication
By: Jack Davison |
Skype enjoys a special place when it comes to corporate communication. Its fast, it's handy, it's easy and it offers more than one can ask for. So it's not that hard for Skype to be a leading and the best tool, business people can always trust for communicating with their clients as well as peers.
read more
Skype From Your Rv With Satellite Internet
By: Oswald Melman |
Internet Business
Skype is a VoIP computer program that allows people to make voice calls over the Internet. It can be a great tool for people who travel a lot, who can use it to keep in touch with people from home without having to pay for phone cards or expensive long-distance and international fees. If you are on the road a lot in an RV, you may feel disconnected from home at times. If you don't have frequent access to a wired DSL or cable connection, you can access Skype with the help of satellite Interne
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Skype - How The Voip Service Works
By: Andrew Wiggin |
Article Marketing
Explains how the Skype VoIP service works. Also describes how it's different from the VoIP services that businesses use.
read more
How much to charge for English Lesson Skype?
By: Peter Andrew |
Online education
You should also consider how much time you are spending in making the lesson and how long is the session? Additional services such as providing online video tutorials, giving homework and grading it outside of your schedule English lessons.
read more
Skype Now Ready For Android Platforms
By: exsmith |
Skype, the internet Telephony software Services Company, has been in the news lately, first it was in the news regarding nomination of CEO which according to the rumors, the company is trying to tap an Executive at Cisco for the job. On Tuesday, Skype announced that its services will be available for the Android Platform.
read more
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Tricia came to St. Louis to attend Washington University for her undergraduate degree in elementary education and dance. She continued her education at Webster University to obtain her master's degree in teaching and also received a reading specialist certification. Tricia currently works in the Special School District as a reading specialist and a literacy coach for three schools in the district. Her role is to focus on students who need the most intensive support in improving their literacy skills and work closely with collaborative teachers to design and create effective instructional activities and learning experiences. She absolutely loves her job and continues to help others with her role as a volunteer with the Special Olympics of Missouri. Tricia loves to see the smiles on the faces of her students who participate in Special Olympics of Missouri. In the future, Tricia aspires to obtain a Ph.D. in Educational Public Policy and Planning to learn more about unique ways to teach and learn.
© 2016 Los Angeles Rams. All rights reserved

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(05-21-2012 08:49 PM)bruinsfan08 Wrote: [ -> ]Nice! If it ever becomes available, you'd better let me know!
(05-22-2012 05:56 AM)bonnev659 Wrote: [ -> ]very nice, looking forward to seeing the picture of the card
personally I won't spend the coin to get it graded as it is out of 10, unless you only want to sell it


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Water fall in Slovakia [1 img]
Started Jul 13, 2009 | Discussions thread
Shop cameras & lenses ▾
bdery • Veteran Member • Posts: 6,890
Re: Water fall in Slovakia [1 img]
Beautifully done. It would have been nice if you could have stood a little bit to the right, so as to capture the waterfall nearer to the "front"... I love the texture of the water, however. A keeper!
Québec city, Canada
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Pentaxian in the making
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En Noir
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Lambskin leather sweatpant with drawstring tie at gathered elastic waist. Contrast perforated insets throughout. Zipper slash pockets at front and gathered elastic cuffs. Lined. 14" rise. 30" inseam. 10" leg opening. Available in Black/White. Made in U.S. Leather/silk. Professional clean. Style # 502898228
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Ambassador David T. Johnson
Assistant Secretary of State and
Co-Chair of the Partnership
Robert C. O'Brien, Esq.
Managing Partner, Arent Fox LLP and
Co-Chair of the Partnership
Mary Carter Andrues, Esq.
Partner, Howrey LLP
Teree A. Bowers, Esq.
Partner, Howrey LLP
The Hon. David O. Carter
United States District Court Judge
Central District of California
Dean Hiram Chodosh
S.J. Quinney School of Law
University of Utah
Jon D. Corey, Esq.
Partner, Quinn Emanuel Urquhart Oliver & Hedges LLP
Donald S. Edgar, Esq.
Law Offices of Donald Edgar
Michael Fitzpatrick, Esq.
Associate Administrator, Office of Management and Budget
Marc L. Fleischaker, Esq.
Chairman, Arent Fox LLP
Peter F. Garvin III, Esq.
Partner, Jones Day
Todd E. Gordinier, Esq.
Partner, Bingham McCutchen LLP
Dr. Kerry Healey
Former Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts
and Fellow at the Harvard Institute of Politics
Mr. Aaron M. Heck
President, Korbel Media
H.E. Said T. Jawad
Ambassador to the United States
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Xanthe M. Larsen, Esq.
Partner, Locke Lord Bissell & Liddell LLP
The Hon. Stephen G. Larson
United States District Court Judge
Central District of California
James Lloyd Loftis, Esq.
Partner, Vinson & Elkins, LLP
Temim H. Nusraty, Esq.
United States Department of State
Yvonne Schroeder de Orr, Esq.
General Counsel, Passco Companies, LLC
Laura Tuell Parcher, Esq.
Partner, Jones Day
Ambassador Pierre-Richard Prosper
Of Counsel, Arent Fox LLP and
U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for War Crimes (ret.)
Steven H. Schulman, Esq.
Partner, Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP
Ambassador Thomas A. Schweich
Of Counsel, Bryan Cave LLP and
Former Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary


text:
Messages for U.S. Citizens
Update on General Health Insurance for Foreigners in Turkey
February 29, 2012
On Friday, February 24 U.S. Embassy representatives met with Turkish Social Security (SGK - Sosyal Guvenlik Kurumu) officials to seek clarification about how the new General Health Insurance (GHI) law affects U.S. citizens living in Turkey.
In the meeting SGK officials stated the following:
1) Enrollment in the GHI system is not mandatory for foreigners, including U.S. citizens, who live in Turkey. If a U.S. citizen residing in Turkey for any length of time does not wish to enroll in GHI that individual does not need to do anything.
2) Even if a U.S. citizen meets the conditions required by law that make them eligible to apply to the GHI system, it is still not mandatory for that U.S. citizen to register with SGK or apply for GHI.
3) The SGK will not automatically register or enroll any foreigners in GHI. The only way for a foreigner to be enrolled in GHI is to voluntarily apply at an SGK office.
4) If a U.S. citizen is married to a Turkish citizen who is already enrolled in GHI, that U.S. citizen and their dependent children who meet the SGK mandated age related restrictions can benefit from GHI coverage through their Turkish spouse who is already enrolled without paying an additional GHI insurance premium.
5) Recently the SGK mailed letters to foreigners living in Turkey for information purposes only. The letters were sent to inform U.S. citizens and other foreigners that if they wish to benefit from the new GHI system they should apply within one month after completing one year of residency in Turkey.
6) If a U.S. citizen wishes to enroll in and receive GHI coverage they may do so as long as they meet the administrative requirements. Even if a U.S. citizen has private health insurance that covers costs for medical services received in Turkey, they can still enroll in GHI if they do the following:
a. Present a valid residency permit and show that they have resided in Turkey for one year.
b. Register within one month of completing one year of residency in Turkey.
c. Fill out an application.
d. Additionally, the local SGK office must have a letter already on file from the U.S. Embassy that describes the U.S. health care system and that Medicare does not provide coverage for services received in Turkey. This letter will be sent directly from the Embassy to the SGK in Ankara who will then distribute it to the SGK regional offices. The U.S. citizen will not need to take the letter to the SGK office at the time of enrollment. The Embassy will send this letter to the SGK in the near future.
7) Since enrollment in GHI is optional for U.S. citizens, if you decide at first to not participate but then later change your mind and decide to voluntarily enroll the following will happen:
a. You must pay an administrative fine equal to one month's minimum wage which is currently 886.25 Turkish Lira (TL), and which is subject to change in January and July of each year. If you do not object to this fine and pay it within 15 days, there is an automatic 25% discount.
b. You must pay the insurance premiums and interest retroactively from the date that you completed one year of residency in Turkey up to the time of enrollment.
For more information please visit the "Living in Turkey" section of the U.S. Embassy's American Citizen Services website.
Contact information for the U.S. Embassy and Consulates in Turkey:
The U.S. Embassy in Ankara is located at 110 Ataturk Boulevard, tel: (90)(312) 455-5555, fax (90)(312) 468-6131.
The U.S. Consulate General in Istanbul is located at Uçsehitler Sokagi No. 2, 34460, Istinye, Sariyer, tel: (90) (212) 335-9000, fax (90) (212) 335-9102. Istanbul-specific information can also be accessed via the Consulate's web site.
The U.S. Consulate in Adana is located at Girne Bulvari No. 212, Guzelevler Mahallesi, Yuregir, Adana, Turkey. tel: (90)(322) 346-6262, fax (90)(322) 346-7916.
The Consular Agency in Izmir can be reached at tel: (90)(232) 464-8755, fax (90) (232) 464-8916.


text:
Lakers 103, Nuggets 97
Andrew Bynum had 30 points and eight rebounds, Matt Barnes added a season-high 24 points, and the Los Angeles Lakers clinched a playoff berth without Kobe Bryant or coach Mike Brown, holding off the Denver Nuggets 103-97 Friday night at Staples Center.
Pau Gasol had 14 points and 10 rebounds for the Pacific Division-leading Lakers (38-22), who have won three of four without Bryant. The NBA scoring leader is resting his bruised shin.
Los Angeles also played without Brown, who left Staples Center shortly before tipoff for undisclosed personal reasons. Assistant coach John Kuester ran the team.
Barnes played an enormous game in a reserve role while matching his highest-scoring performance in two seasons with the Lakers. He scored six consecutive points after Denver trimmed Los Angeles' lead to one point, hitting a three-pointer and adding a clutch jumper with 1:29 to play.
Andre Miller scored 20 points and Al Harrington added 18 for the Nuggets, who had won five of seven. Arron Afflalo also had 18 for Denver.
Pacers 102, Cavaliers 83: Danny Granger scored 18 points to help Indiana defeat Cleveland n Indianapolis and clinch a playoff berth.
Suns 112, Rockets 105: Marcin Gortat had 20 points and 15 rebounds, Steve Nash had 18 points and 10 assists and Phoenix boosted its playoff hopes with a win in Houston.
Hornets 96, Jazz 85: Eric Gordon scored 10 of his 25 points in the fourth quarter as New Orleans beat visiting Utah.
Thunder 115, Kings 89: Kevin Durant had 29 points and nine rebounds, Russell Westbrook scored 22 points and Oklahoma City routed Sacramento at home.
Heat 105, Bobcats 82: LeBron James had 19 points and nine rebounds to spark Miami to victory at home, completing a three-game season-series sweep of Charlotte.
Raptors 84, Celtics 79: DeMar DeRozan scored 13 of his 22 points in the third quarter and made four pivotal free throws down the stretch as short-handed Toronto held off visiting Boston.
Knicks 103, Wizards 65: Baron Davis scored a season-high 18 points on his 33rd birthday, JR Smith had 23, and New York surged into a tie for seventh place in the Eastern Conference by routing Washington at Madison Square Garden.
Nets 95, 76ers 89: Gerald Green scored 23 points, and Kris Humphries had 18 points and 13 rebounds to lead New Jersey to victory in Philadelphia.
Hawks 109, Magic 81: Jannero Pargo hit five three-pointers and scored 17 points as Atlanta rolled to victory at Orlando. Off the court, Magic center Dwight Howard was diagnosed by a doctor in Los Angeles with a herniated disk in his lower back.
Bucks 113, Pistons 97: In Auburn Hills, Mich., Drew Gooden scored 26 points, and Milwaukee pulled away from Detroit in the third quarter for the victory.
Mavericks 97, Trail Blazers 94: Dirk Nowitzki scored 24 points to lead Dallas to victory in Portland.
Arena deal crumbles
The Kings' future in Sacramento is uncertain again. A tentative deal for a new arena has fallen apart, leaving open the possibility the team's owners could again try to move from California's capital.
"Is the deal dead? As we know it, absolutely," Sacramento Mayor Kevin Johnson said Friday.
The Maloof family has balked at terms of the agreement reached last month, and though they say they want to remain in Sacramento, Johnson isn't so sure after meeting with them Friday and hearing their list of concerns he said hadn't previously been disclosed. "It just feels like they were coming up with reasons of why not to do the deal," Johnson said.
The Kings nearly moved to Anaheim after last season before agreeing to stay this season while the city tried to put together a plan to replace Power Balance Pavilion.


text:
Tuesday Jan 04 2011
Illegal bike jumps irk trail users
By: Sena Christian, The Press Tribune
Shrinking state parks staff means less enforcement
Paula Campbell has earned a reputation around Folsom Lake State Recreation Area. For some neighbors and fellow equestrians, the reputation of this petite, feisty 64-year-old woman is good. They respect her vigilant efforts to stop illegal activities in the state park. For others, primarily mountain bikers, the reputation is a bad one. She's the woman ruining their fun. Campbell and her husband have owned their Granite Bay property — near the 20,000-acre Folsom Lake State Recreation Area — for the past 14 years. But they've boarded and ridden horses in the area since the 1980s. "This is like our backyard," she says. "We don't like to see it destroyed." What they're seeing, they say, is illegal trail use and jump building by mountain bikers and an increasingly brazen group of cyclists who disregard the natural habitat they destroy, wildlife they disturb or horses they spook. Over the past two years, Campbell has seen mountain bikers of all ages with shovels and rakes constructing jumps and trails, leaving behind holes that pose danger to horses and hikers. In August, she found a quarter-mile long bike path illegally made on the Western States Pioneer Express Trail that she calls the worst yet. But the economic downtown has left state parks with shrinking budgets and a dwindling ability to staff enough rangers to regularly patrol an area and catch offenders. The Folsom Auburn Trail Riders Action Coalition promotes only the legal use of trails, which means the mountain bikers in violation are likely a fringe group unaware or unconcerned with the rules. "We do not condone those individuals who feel that an inequitable allocation of (bike) trails is justification for riding on trails not designated for bikes," says coalition President Craig Wilson. "We understand their frustration at years of asking for more access, but we do not allow our rides or trail work to go outside the limits placed by State Parks staff." Park Watch Report, a nonprofit, web-based trail reporting system, received more than 30 incident reports regarding illegal trail use, trail conflict and trail building on the Pioneer Express Trail in 2010, says Jaede Miloslavich, who runs the site. She is also executive director of Action Coalition for Equestrians. The vast majority of park users don't report anything, Miloslavich says, which means the number of incidents that occur may actually be much higher. This doesn't sit well with Campbell. "We really care about this (place) and don't want to see it vandalized," Campbell says. "They don't see it that way. They see it as something fun to do. Horse people recognize that mountain bikers need an area to build the technical stuff they want to ride. But this is not the place." Illegal jumps, trail building On a warm afternoon in early November, Campbell heads out on the Pioneer Express Trail. She points to a signpost that identifies this part of the trail, at the 38.5 mile, as for pedestrians and equestrians. Soon after, a man on a unicycle speeds down the slight incline toward Campbell, who jumps to the side. Seeing her, the cyclist quickly disembarks. She scolds the young man, who later identifies himself as Ben Gillum. "This is an equestrian/pedestrian trail," Campbell says. She threatens to call the Folsom Lake Trail Patrol, an all-volunteer group that helps monitor the area. Gillum says he is considered a pedestrian — his device lacks a moving gear. Campbell says if she had been riding her horse, the animal would have been scared and possibly hurt. "It's not my fault if someone wants to bring an animal they can't control up here," Gillum says, as he walks away. Farther down the trail, trees and foliage have been cut back to clear the way for large jumps built from the mud. Piles of plant clippings sit at the side of the trail. Campbell looks around at the damaged bushes. She expresses concern for the Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle, a "threatened" species listed under the federal Endangered Species Act. Previous surveys identified the presence of several elderberry shrubs on a site once proposed for a housing development by the Hofmann Company, which included this area. Elderberry shrubs are considered potential habitat for the beetle and, as such, protected under the act. In 2000, the Hofmann Company abandoned the development plans and sold the land to California State Parks. As for unicyclists, California State Parks Folsom Sector Superintendent Ted Jackson says his division recently developed a new superintendent's order dealing with the Pioneer Express Trail that specifically addresses unicycles, among several modes of transportation, and states they are not allowed on that section of trail. "Rangers can now write tickets to those who violate the provisions of the (order)," he says. For its part, the Folsom Auburn Trail Riders Action Coalition continues to advocate for the building of more bike trails. The group formed in 1988 to construct the first mountain bike trails in Folsom Lake SRA near the Salmon Falls Bridge called the Darrington and Sweetwater Trails. The group has since worked closely with State Parks to maintain and repair these trails. "That small band of dedicated mountain bikers has swelled over the past couple of decades to thousands of outdoor enthusiasts who love to ride the trails around Folsom Lake," Wilson says. "But the number of miles of trails available to us has not increased at all." Shrinking state park staff California State Parks needs to make $14.2 million in budget cuts this fiscal year. To meet a portion of this reduction, Folsom Lake SRA is implementing a service reduction plan, which involves shortening operating hours and keeping peace officer positions — rangers and lifeguards — vacant. Although Folsom Lake is budgeted for 20 officers in the governor's budget, the sector has needed to make changes to stay within the budget allocated by California State Parks. "Folsom is the largest sector within the Gold Fields District and has the most positions, so typically that has meant keeping ranger and other maintenance positions vacant at Folsom Lake to generate the salary savings necessary to live within our budget," Jackson says. This past year, seven ranger positions were kept vacant. During the non-peak fall and winter seasons, peace officer staffing in Folsom Lake SRA has fluctuated between two and five officers per shift. Availability of staff is further complicated by the need to allow for scheduled vacations and reduce large overtime balances accumulated during busy spring and summer months. With fewer rangers to enforce park rules, it's up to visitors to behave. Donna Williams, a volunteer with Park Watch Report, says over the long term, pedestrians, equestrians and bicyclists must find mutually beneficial ways to enjoy and respect state parks, and each other. "We have to work together," Williams says. "We all pay for the parks and we want young kids to learn about parks (and) appreciate them. We have to find solutions, and we can make it happen." Sena Christian can be reached at email@example.com. ---------- To report illegal use of California State Parks, visit www.parkwatchreport.org.


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|Its not hard to figure out why
Scott Walker did not earn a degree
from Marquette University,
just look at what he has done to
the State of Wisconsin.
Nothing published or broadcast by Journal Communications should be regarded as accurate or truthful -- they do not exist to inform. They exist to disseminate and echo propaganda – talking points and disinformation that serves out-of-state multinational corporate interest, not Wisconsin.
We know why Gov. Scott Walker is a habitual and chronic liar – with his long record of failure, Walker cannot possibly tell the truth, but he is not really the problem. Wisconsin would not have a "divide and conquer" governor if the Badger State was not blanketed with right-wing media which smothers the truth with disinformation -- lies of commission and lies of omission -- all serving multinational corporate overlords, fraudulently propping-up and promoting Scott Walker.
PolitiFact has gotten their marching orders -- an gubernatorial election is coming up in 2014. Scott Walker will lose all credibility and could not be fraudulently hoisted up as the "ideal" presidential candidate in 2016 if the Wisconsin's media would tell the truth about his record -- citizens here would not re-elect him (as we prove HERE, Scott Walker stole the June 2012 recall). His national aspirations would be done.
The truth is that Scott Walker is a college drop-out and classmates from Marquette University remember him for his shameless and dirty politics. Journal Communications needs to stamp-out that truth about Walker's past before the rest of Badger State Citizens learn the truth. His failures at Marquette University matter because Walker is massively failing Wisconsin as our governor.
Today, PolitiFact is telling pants-on-fire lies to sanitize Scott Walker's biggest personal failure -- if the public knew he was a college drop-out, his abysmal failures as governor would be clearer for all to see.
Journal Communication's misleadingly labeled "PolitiFact" has overwhelmingly rated Gov. Scott Walker as a chronic liar -- remember – each "half-true" is a more misleading lie than an entirely false statement. "Half-true" is another lie -- To the right is PolitiFact's astonishing ratings for Scott Walker (as of December 18, 2013).
And these ratings are shocking, coming from Journal Communications (parent of Milwaukee Journal Communications & their "PolitiFact) because this corporate propaganda network regularly creates, spreads, and reverberates pro-Walker disinformation and outright lies.
|Half-truths are full lies. Scott Walker is
lying an amazing 85% of the time!
PolitiFact is telling pants-on-fire lies to distract and deceive from the fact that Scott Walker is a college drop-out and is entirely unqualified to be a legitimate candidate for president. He is not qualified to be Wisconsin's governor, which is why the state's economy is faltering and Scott Walker will massively fail to meet his 2010 campaign promises to grow employment and new business start-ups.
Today, PolitiFact begins their propaganda (Warning: Shameless dishonesty & misdirection) with a fraudulent headline proclaiming that Scott Walker's status as a drop out is somehow "mysterious" and controversial-- it is nothing of the sort. Scott Walker left Marquette University his senior year 36 credits short of graduating -- in other words, he was approximately three semesters behind. Walker wasted his time at Marquette and failed for approximately 1 and 1/2 years out of 4 year there as a student.
Scott Walker has lied about this ever since. He told pants-on-fire lies to Time magazine, stating needed to leave the university to raise his family. Walker told a school publication that he didn't complete his degree because of an ambition plans to earn THREE degrees -- the truth is he couldn't even cut-the-grade to earn ONE degree.
Time magazine was punked by Walker's whopper, that he left school for the birth of his son -- Scott Walker didn't get married and have his first son until almost 4 years after dropping out from Marquette -- but PolitiFact will not directly state that fact – it undermines their lie that there's a "mystery".
But it gets much worse -- if PolitiFact had any intention of informing, they would not have written a fluff piece proclaiming no one knows why Scott Walker paid tuition for 4 years at one of Wisconsin's most-expensive private colleges and then quit his senior year when he was more than one-year behind in credits.
PolitiFact could have objectively outlined Walker's dishonest and shifting excuses for dropping out and rated the pants-on-fire lies they are, earning Scott Walker even more of PolitiFact's lowest ratings.
But Journal Communications will not let their boy Scottie get any more false ratings. PolitiFact now cherry picks softball statements, lies about facts, and even then they can rarely cite anything Walker says as objectively true.
In today's deception, (Warning: Shameless propaganda) PolitiFact slanders a Walker classmate and peer, going out of their way to brand him an "environmental activist" -- a dirty name to the teabaggers that Journal Communications spoon feeds propaganda too.
Outrageously, PolitiFact dismisses factual reports on Walker's Marquette days as been viewed through an "anti-Walker lens". Very curious -- negative stories anyone has through direct contact with Scott Walker has nothing to do with anyone's "lens", they are about Scott Walker's shameful behavior.
|Click to enlarge. PolitiFact doesn't want you to know that
this copy of the Marquette Tribune survived
Scott Walker's attempt to steal all copies.
PolitiFact tells a pants-on-fire lie when they proclaim that no one has evidence that verifies Scott Walker's disturbing and unconscionable behavior running for student government. In fact, the school newspaper actually printed a retraction of an earlier pro-Walker editorial, proclaiming Scott Walker "unfit" for Marquette's's student government.
They uncritically repeat the same lies Scott Walker told to Times magazine -- yet at the very bottom of the PolitiFact propaganda (Warning: Shameless deceptions), Journal Communications' own timeline directly states Walker left Marquette in 1990 and did not begin a career in the legislature and raise a family until almost 4 years later. PolitiFact thinks you are too stooooopid to understand the timeline.
Clearly, Walker did not leave school because of what he anticipated doing 4 years later. No one pays tens of thousands of dollars in tuition, is successful in their coursework, and then just wanders away from their degree -- or at least no one that does so is qualified to be catapulted into the highest office in Wisconsin and the America.
There is no "mystery" – Scott Walker is a drop-out – an academic misfit and failure.
The shameless pro-Walker propaganda shills at PolitiFact's knows today's propaganda has miserably failed to sanitize Scott Walker's dirty academic record. They falsely proclaim that no one knows, nor can ever find out, why Scott Walker didn't earn a degree and the Marquette Tribute declared him "unfit" for office.
Since PolitiFact cannot actually truthfully claim Scott Walker's dropout status is a "mystery" -- they have to end their shameless lie by misdirecting attention from Walker's academic failings -- they quickly change the subject.
Journal Communications could, but never would, ask Scott Walker a direct question about inconsistent and shifting excuses for dropping out from Marquette University. They know that Scott Walker is a chronic liar and that this would result in more Walker lies which would unravel the fabrication Journal Communications is constantly spinning.
Instead of asking simple questions of Walker to explain contradictory and blatantly false statements, PolitiFact tells a pants-on-fire lie that no one can possibly know the truth about Walker's days at Marquette. The misdirection is complete when PolitiFact proclaims that it does not matter, because maybe someday Scott Walker will finish his college degree! (Warning: Shameless lies)
Astounding propaganda -- but this is what Journal Communications does every day. They are engaging their sham PolitiFact spin-meister more frequently as-of-late, because Milwaukee Journal Sentinel has to clean up the mess Walker's steady stream of bull-crap has deposited on the citizens of Wisconsin.
Soon Walker will be running for president and will be unloading an even heavier and steady stream of bull-crap across America. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel will endorse Walker in each race, and will make record profits doing so, despite Scott Walker's abysmal failures on every metric that he himself ran on.
Journal Communications is telling pants-on-fire lies, hiding them behind the bogus name "PolitiFact". Scott Walker is no reformer or "outsider". Scott Walker is certainly not a working man's hero. Scott Walker is a abject failure.
Now that Journal Communications has begun the process of rewriting history to falsely paint Scott Walker as being responsible for dropping out of college and lying about it, the rest of the media echo chamber is jumpin' on board. Gannet, a critical part of Wisconsin's mighty Wurlitzer, is now catapulting the propaganda (Warning: Shamelessly dishonest report), proclaiming that PolitiFact has "vindicated" Scott Walker -- expect every propaganda arm of Lee Enterprises, Gannet, Journal Communications, and Clear Channel to parrot the PolitiFact lies.
Journal Communications and Milwaukee Journal Sentinel are planning on repeatedly telling us otherwise in 2014 and then will be leading the in-state parade of propaganda to catapult the most dishonest and disingenuous politician in Wisconsin history into the White House in 2016.
PolitiFact is just another part of Journal Communication's disinformation machine and they serve a valuable purpose to their corporate masters -- the lies they publish get echoed across the state and even the national noise machine -- all sanitized as "factual".


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Finally, here we are at the Elite 8. This first game of the round is between two ladies that were not known by everybody coming into the tournament, but are sure to be household names very soon. It's unfortunate that one of them will have to go home after this game, but one of them will secure a spot in the coveted Thighnal Four. Who's dream is going to come true?
Megan FoxMegan's probably been the most impressive performer in this tournament thus far, with two absolutely dominating performances, one of which was our only shutout of the tournament against Joumana Kidd. Most recently, she sent #2 seed Anna Kournikova back to Russia in the Sweet 16. People thought she might go down to a veteran in Halle Berry, but she proved that she's ready for the pressure involved on the treacherous journey that is the "Road To The Thighnal Four".
Her run certainly isn't a surprise to me though. I mean, look at those eyes. She has the best eyes I've ever seen. At 21, she's skyrocketing up hot ladies charts everywhere after her role as Mikaela Barnes in the blockbuster film Transformers. Maxim ranked her #18 on their "Hot 100" list of 2007, one spot behind the Thigh Goddess. You can see she has a tattoo in the top picture: "I have five. Anytime I have a feeling about anything, I get tattooed. I have a poem I wrote on my ribcage and a symbol for strength on my neck, and my boyfriend Brian's name tattooed next to my pie." Whoa. The Brian she is referring to is one Brian Austin Green, and they are engaged. Yep, David Silver from Beverly Hills 90210. That son of a bitch. Hopefully for him, he doesn't run that situation into the ground like he did when in charge of the Peach Pit.
Shannon JamesShannon took down the sexy tennis star Ana Ivanovic in the first round, the "Queen of Porn" Jenna Jameson in the second round, and Aida Yespica, the Venezuelan with an ass to die for in the Sweet 16. She's also shown that she has no problem putting a wiener in her mouth. That's my kinda girl.
Poorly Acquitted had this to say about Shannon in the Sweet 16, and it pretty much sums up everything I've already said and more: "I have to admit that I had no idea who Shannon James was when we started the Road to the Thighnal Four. Needless to say I'm a huge fan. Sorority girl. Playmate. Hooters model. Loves hot dogs. She apparently wants to be a host on E! news. That will be my new favorite channel if she ever makes it. She beat Ana Ivanovic in the first round, at least one contributor to the Thigh thought Ana had the talent to make a deep run in the tournament. That tells you an awful lot about Shannon. She also kicked Jenna Jameson to the curb in the second round. James train rolling through."


text: Home Culture Black TV Watch: Prince Rocks 'Jimmy Kimmel' The Purple One sang a new song on late-night TV. Plus: Keyshia and Daniel's wedding went ratchet. By: Celeste Little Posted: Oct. 24 2012 2:28 PM 0 YouTube (The Root) -- Tuesday night was legendary. It was sad. It was sweet and ratchet. And another hamster expired. Prince on Jimmy Kimmel Live! (Tuesday, 12 a.m. ET; ABC) "The one, the only, Prince." --Jimmy Kimmel Highlights: On Jimmy Kimmel's show, Prince was like we like him -- looking crazy and sounding great. He wore a tasseled, metallic, animal-print jacket and yellow pants while singing an ode to rock music called "Rock N Roll Love Affair." Of course, he didn't disappoint. Maybe it's good he wore his metallic and yellow; they really shone under the lights when he closed out the show with "Dance Electric." Watch it here. The New Normal (Tuesday, 10:30 p.m. ET; NBC) "God bless you little one, we'll see your little furry face in the afterlife." --Rocky "Testify, girl!" --Rocky Highlights: When the issue of their relationship beyond the baby's birth comes up, Shania invites Bryan and David to be the baby's godparents. They politely decline but dive deep into thought about why they can't guide Shania down a spiritual path -- they're gay, they're not religious, etc. When Shania's class hamster Marshmallow dies -- and this is not the first hamster to kick the bucket this week -- Rocky steps up to provide spiritual guidance, because every little princess needs a little spiritual guidance. Hamster funerals are the new baptism, haven't you heard? (Continued from Page 1) Benji (Tuesday, 8 p.m. ET; ESPN) "He does represent a dream unfulfilled, and that's a hard pill to swallow." --Scoop Jackson Highlight: Seventeen-year-old Ben "Benji" Wilson is remembered as one of the best basketball players to ever come out of the Chi. He was expected to go pro until he was murdered, after bumping Billy Moore and failing to say, "Excuse me." Friend R. Kelly and foe Billy Moore are two of the many voices in this tragic tale that aired last as part of ESPN's 30 for 30 series of documentaries. Watch the trailer here. Keyshia and Daniel: Family First (Tuesday, 10 p.m. ET; BET) "Gib is everything that I prayed for. I really appreciate the fact that he loves his family as much as I love mine." --Keyshia "It was just absolutely amazing. Everyone was having a good time, especially Frankie, who was somewhere, you know, enjoying her time." --Keyshia "It's very important to cut loose sometimes. Shoutout to my daughter." --Frankie Highlights: Keyshia and Daniel are so in love. Hence "Love" is the title of Tuesday's episode. We were left wondering how the wedding went in the first episode, and now we know. It was ratchet and sweet, as expected. Keyshia looked beautiful in her wedding dress and blue reception dress, and Frankie danced around doing some strange dance that looked like it wanted to be the butterfly. Everything's great until Daniel, who plays for the Cavs, injures his foot in a game. Celeste Little is an editorial intern at The Root. Like The Root on Facebook. Follow us on Twitter. Get what we're watching delivered to your inbox everyday! Sign up for our daily video newsletter below. < PREVIOUS PAGE Page 2 of 3 NEXT PAGE > Powered by Livefyre 0


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He will say a particular gator weighs 400 pounds, yet one man will grab it by the front and hind leg and throw it into the boat or the boat box. It's obvious, from the size of the gator, that it's nowhere close to 400 pounds, and one man could not possibly handle it like they do. At the most, it may weigh 200 pounds, if that. And, the gators they describe as "700" pounds, are closer to 400 pounds. They always roll these into the boat, with a lot less effort than a true 700 pound dead creature would require. It's just not realistic. The show is exciting enough, without inflating the weight of the gators.
Review posted on Sunday, March 18th 2012 at 4:22 am


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No, La Grande is not for sale.
But it is important that a town has "curb appeal." Real estate agents use the term with houses for sale. But it applies equally to towns and why they attract or fail to attract new businesses, students to the college, tourists and retirees.
Thanks to the Gangloff Park entry on the northwest corner of town, La Grande has wonderful curb appeal. A project now under way at the park overlooking town and the Grande Ronde Valley will increase the curb appeal for visitors and locals alike. A shade structure going in there should be completed by the end of June, just in time for the peak of summer vacation season.
The structure, fully funded by community cash and in-kind donations, is being built in such a way as to discourage vandalism. That's today's reality.
The 2.5-acre Gangloff Park is a great place to have a picnic or study plants native to the area when the pioneers made their trek on the Oregon Trail.
The park is designed to be educational and informational with its native plants. A paved walkway winds through the native plants and grasses. The historic log cabin, known as Clemens' Cabin, was obtained by the Chamber of Commerce and moved to the park. For the past two decades, the William Cusick Chapter of the Native Plant Society of Oregon has been responsible for the development and maintenance of the park.
Not all towns are so lucky with curb appeal. Drivers enter many towns through a gauntlet of fast food joints, strip malls, traffic lights and power lines. Superior, Wis., for example, seems to exist for one purpose only: to make neighboring Duluth, Minn., look better. Other towns on the ugly list, as nominated by travelers across America, include Glendive, Mont.; Clifton, Ariz.; and Fresno, Calif.
Here's hoping people who pull off Interstate 84 find the view from Gangloff Park appealing enough to put La Grande on their beauty list.


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Comments on Testability Costs Too Much
48 Reader CommentsBack to the Article
Complicated stuff, but it sounds like you know what you're talking about and have my backing!
Hi Fahed
Thanks - the best way to back me is to lodge a comment against testability!
I've said it for a while now, over and over. The various working groups at the W3C just don't get it at all. Are people forgetting that in some cases people are volunteering their time and effort on these working groups. But then (as we have seen) people on the groups that don't like the outcome of the discussion, and like a political roundtable, just remove the troublemakers. It is these troublemakers that are often the only thing keeping the working group in check.
I did wonder about the testability. It did seem a little inconsistent. But Gian you have explained in detail and I now understand why. It sounds strange to remove this. But testing that doesn't have a yes or no result is basically a waste of time.
Let me clarify this. (before Gian flames me) What we should be doing is removing all testability from the equation. Maybe this needs to be documented elsewhere with examples. So the enforcement and demonstration of the guideline are not in the guideline.
Also why remove "cognitive disabilities" because its too hard. This I'm still trying to understand. Working Group please explain!
I think you've made a good case for this. In general, I've been very happy with this draft of WCAG 2.0, and I think it's helpful for developers if checkpoints are testable, but not at the expense of not being able to help those with cognitive disabilities.
What about something that says checkpoints (oh, all right, "success crtieria") must be testable wherever possible? That way success criteria relating to cognitive disabilities etc can be included but testability is still brought into the equation wherever it can be?
Excellent article, it's rare to find people talk intelligently about WCAG/Accessibility. However, I'm afraid I'd go significantly further. The story you tell of your dealings with the group dovetails with other experts' experience: that the group has long since stopped being about accessibility, and is now essentially meaningless.
Having worked for a firm that took accessibility _standards_ extremely seriously, I've seen the damage that can be done by incomplete comprehension of accesibility guidelines and slavish following of the same. I think it's highly unlikely WCAG 2 will improve actual usability for anyone, but the damagae it is likely to cause externally is huge.
WCAG 2 is incomprehensible in the extreme, prescriptive in the the wrong ways and permissive in the wrong ways. I understand that testability is the cause of a lot of this, but so is the dynamic of the working group. The absence of any actual research into the behaviours of impaired users renders the whole endeavour bizarre. (a criticism that could also be levelled at WCAG 1)
In short, it's time to stop taking WCAG 2 even vaguely seriously and work on a competing standard. It seems the number of accessibility experts with serious reservations about WCAG 2 exceeds the number in the working group. I know it's a significant endeavour, but it's the only way a number of significant standards advances have occurred. Look at SOAP…
A well stated case, hopefully one that will be listened to!
Standards, guidelines, definitions; they're all there to help us do our jobs, when they stop helping and start hindering they loose all relevance.
Accessibility, like other user-focused disciplines, relies on a thorough understanding of the needs of the end user, and guidelines can't replace that, no matter how testable they are…
Maybe I'm missing the obvious, but I'm a tad confused about how the WCAG + Samurai are any better.
How are things like "do not set one confusable colour on top of another", followed by just one example of "red type on green or black backround", any clearer than what WCAG, for instance, is doing by saying "assistive technology" without specifying which one?
And the almost anti-testability statement in the Samurai's bit about HTML semantics "Other authors' disagreement with your choices is not relevant to these errata" ... how does that help in checking whether a site actually complies with the errata or not?
Lastly, if even the Samurai clearly states (just like WCAG 2.0) that it "cannot be a claim of full accessibility to people with cognitive disabilities", how is that "finally a choice", if one of the primary concerns was indeed how users with cognitive disabilities are being disenfranchised by WCAG 2.0?
Anyway, I've gathered these thoughts in a quick post on Accessify - "Gian Sampson-Wild on WCAG 2.0's concept of testability":http://accessify.com/news/2007/06/gian-sampson-wild-on-wcag-20s-concept-of-testability/
Hi Patrick
I can't really answer this question until the final version of the WCAG Samurai Errata are released. There are certainly problems with them - many of which I outlined in my "technical review":http://samuraireview.wordpress.com/technical-review/. Some areas are confusing, however that is in contrast to WCAG2 where I would say *most* areas are confusing - for instance the WCAG Samurai Errata are ten pages, whereas WCAG2 is close to the 500 page mark.
You are correct that the WCAG Samurai Errata do not address issues faced by people with cognitive disabilities but I am hoping this changes.
Good article, Gian. Yet more proof that the brains behind WCAG2 aren't the best that money can buy.
I mean, c'mon! Every accessibility guide since the year dot has said "don't rely on automated tests", because we've known all along that there are some things that you just can't automatically test for.
The bit about asking ten people and seeing if eight of them agree - that's like saying "it's raining today, it's proof that the climate is becoming wetter". How do you select your ten people? How do you know they represent a fair and unbiased sample group? How do you know that the next ten people won't result in eight of those ten giving the opposite viewpoint? Do we need to sample ten groups of ten, to make sure that 8 out of 10 give the same answer eight times out of ten? But then we might have as little as 64% agreement - so that would no longer be sufficient.
You don't need to be a degree-level statistician to see just how fatuous the "human-testable" guideline is.
A lot of accessibility guidelines _can_ be machine-tested. But there are also a lot that can't. Colour combinations may not always be testable, if you're looking at the effects of juxtaposition of colours. Kincaid reading scores will tell you if you're using too many words like "juxtaposition", but there's a *lot* more to "use the simplest language that is appropriate" than that. Relevant alt text, consistent layout, logical grouping of elements (esp form elements), even semantic code - these are all, to a greater or lesser extent, subjective. They can't reliably be tested, but it is still vital that all authors do _as much as they can_ to ensure that these guidelines are met.
Patrick raises some good points in his post on Accessify about this article. I tried to comment but seeing as I got an error I thought I would add the comments here instead.
*Guideline 1.1.1*
Patrick says: "I don't quite follow why the form (All non-text content has a text alternative that presents equivalent information, except for the situations listed below) that's now in the latest working draft is supposed to be bad."
It's actually the four sub-sections that are the problem - which didn't make it into the article because it made the page too long! These four sub-sections are:
1. Controls-Input: If non-text content is a control or accepts user input, then it has a name that describes its purpose. (See also Guideline 4.1.)
2. Media, Test, Sensory: If non-text content is multimedia , live audio-only or live video-only content, a test or exercise that must be presented in non-text format , or primarily intended to create a specific sensory experience , then text alternatives at least identify the non-text content with a descriptive text label. (For multimedia, see also Guideline 1.2.)
3. CAPTCHA: If the purpose of non-text content is to confirm that content is being accessed by a person rather than a computer, then text alternatives that identify and describe the purpose of the non-text content are provided and alternative forms in different modalities are provided to accommodate different disabilities.
4. Decoration, Formatting, Invisible: If non-text content is pure decoration, or used only for visual formatting, or if it is not presented to users, then it is implemented such that it can be ignored by assistive technology.
*Subjective words*
With regards to your comment on the use of subjective words such as "inconsistent", "predictable" etc in WCAG2 - it really comes down to the definition of "testability". In my time on the Working Group it appeared to me that testability was applied quite strictly to certain checkpoints - such as the clear and simple language checkpoint - whereas it was more lax on other checkpoints - such as alt attributes. One could argue that eight out of ten people couldn't agree on whether the result from activating a search is "predictable" - will it provide ten search results? twenty? Will it include summary information? etc. If we are going to allow subjective terms like "predictable" then what is the problem with other subjective terms like "clear" and "simple"?
*The WCAG Samurai Errata*
Another area of confusion with WCAG2 (once again due to testability) is that it increases the complexity of the success criteria. Because WCAG2 is technology-neutral, the guidelines have to be testable in a technology-neutral way. Therefore a simple checkpoint in WCAG1 like "Title each frame to facilitate frame identification and navigation" becomes "The destination of each programmatic reference to another delivery unit is identified through words or phrases that either occur in text or can be programmatically determined." It's not until you drill down to the techniques that it becomes clear that this success criterion is actually about frames at all. The WCAG Samurai Errata is certainly clearer when it comes to frames (it says not to use them!)
In my conclusion I wasn't trying to say that the WCAG Samurai Errata are a better set of guidelines - I was attempting to say that if there are easier to use guidelines available then developers will turn to them, instead of WCAG2. I see that being a real problem in the accessibility community - developers choosing one set of guidelines while Government and management choose another.
*Cognitive disabilities*
I am really hoping that the WCAG Samurai address issues faced by people with cognitive disabilities. I see it as a way to really set the two guidelines apart. I believe the Working Group is wrong to say there isn't much research in the area- a set of guidelines can be developed.
*In conclusion*
When it comes to testability I think it was a noble aim. I think it would be fantastic if every accessibility requirement could be defined in a testable way. However, for those requirements that can't (eg. clear and simple language), the requirement should not be excluded from WCAG2. At the end of the day, if it helps people with disabilities use the web then it should be included in the accessibility guidelines - whether they be WCAG2 or the WCAG Samurai Errata.
bq. for instance the WCAG Samurai Errata are ten pages, whereas WCAG2 is close to the 500 page mark
that's not really comparing like for like, though. the normative part of WCAG 2, minus the appendices, is just over 10 pages as well. you could say that, to understand WCAG 2, you need all the other material and techniques relating to each SC, but that is just as true for the Samurai - only that there is no techniques document for Samurai yet, so you have to track down the related best practices etc yourself.
also, Samurai only applies to HTML/CSS, with added bits specific to PDF and some things that could reasonably be applied, at least in principle, to other formats like Flash…while WCAG 2, as you noted of course, tries to be tech agnostic, thus making it far more relevant for areas such as e-learning, for instance…
...and sorry for the current commenting issues on Accessify - there seem to be some gremlins in the works there.
bq. Relevant alt text, consistent layout, logical grouping of elements (esp form elements), even semantic code — these are all, to a greater or lesser extent, subjective. They can't reliably be tested, but it is still vital that all authors do as much as they can to ensure that these guidelines are met.
if they're subjective, and not testable, how can you ever hope to enforce them, say within an institution? and if the guidelines are taken as a basis for legislation, would you still want to wait for case-law to clarify each point (maybe having a jury of 10 people, or just a - non tech savvy - judge)?
i don't think there was any need to rail on about the brains behind WCAG 2 and automated testing, as that's not what the guidelines emphasise, quite clearly.
bq. you could say that, to understand WCAG 2, you need all the other material and techniques relating to each SC, but that is just as true for the Samurai — only that there is no techniques document for Samurai yet…
I don't believe there ever will be techniques for the WCAG Samurai Errata (although I could be wrong) - simply because they aren't required. The Errata provide enough strategic detail that further, background documents are unnecessary.
bq. also, Samurai only applies to HTML/CSS [whereas] WCAG 2, as you noted of course, tries to be tech agnostic, thus making it far more relevant for areas such as e-learning, for instance"¦
I think this is the only way to write accessibility guidelines - make them technology specific. Create a set of guidelines that apply to the most common technologies, then create versions that cover other technologies.
If WCAG2 removed the testability requirement, addressed the concerns around people with cognitive disabilities, and developed a set of technology-specific guidelines, with addendums for alternative technologies, then it could be a very powerful document.
bq. if they're subjective, and not testable, how can you ever hope to enforce them, say within an institution?
WCAG1 was subjective and not testable and it was enforceable: we had a court case against the Sydney Operating Commission of the Olympic Games to prove it. But regardless - it is the Working Group's responsibility to create guidelines that assist people with disabilities use web sites, not make sure those guidelines can be enshrined in law or that they are enforced within an institution. The W3C has said time and again that they do not write policy: they write guidelines. They don't write laws. They don't write rules. They write *guidelines*.
I am just beginning to scratch the surface of web standards and accessibility, and it takes real-world experience and personal discovery before I am capable of understanding why any of it is important at all. Sure, in school they wax poetic about the importance of the W3C and the WCAG in particular, but none have bothered to participate in the WCAG personally.
It sounds to me like the people pushing testability through are the ones who enjoy the political game or are encased in the impenetrable walls of academia, where time is in abundance and implementing their guidelines/lofty goals are within reach of no one else. Testability at the expense of accessibility? Perhaps this is why I get so frustrated and confused when attempting anything beyond the basics.
If WCAG 2.0 is too hard to understand, or not clear enough to be sure we can (and how we can) comply with it, I doubt that very many people on the job will be looking to the Samurai Errata for clarification, and fewer still managers (people who decide what the standards and the testing criteria will be) will use Samurai. How many web workers even KNOW about that?
Instead, I see WCAG 1.0 hanging around for a long, long while. We're used to it. We can comply with it (when we really, really have to).
When 2.0 is doable, we'll do 2.0.
that's been the problem with WCAG 1, and it could become a problem if WCAG 2 was rewritten to be technology-specific rather than agnostic + good techniques documents. also, new best practices emerge all the time (even just for HTML). enshrining the current practices into guidelines (which seem to take forever to be amended and updated) may result in the same issues that actually led to WCAG + Samurai in the first place.
as for SOCOG, weren't the things that were wrong with the site technical (missing ALT text on images and image maps, tables that didn't linearise properly) rather than subjective?
there shouldn't have been an underline in my above post.
The final version of the WCAG Samurai Errata aren't out yet, and it's disingenuous to blow up your favourite failing of the Errata into a claim that the whole thing is naff. Give us time, please.
This is a great explanation of some of the issues surrounding a "testable" in any standard, particularly in reference to usability. Interesting this exact issue is becoming an issue for the new U.S. federal voting machine standards.
I recommend anyone interested in usability standards to review the latest draft of the "standards":http://vote.nist.gov/meeting-05212007/VVSG-Draft-05242007.pdf , known as the _Voluntary Voting System Guidelines_ (VVSG). Relevant comments should be sent to [email protected]
I've voiced my frustration with WCAG in other venues. It's academic and arcane and hasn't fostered a movement towards accessible sites, leaving it still as nothing more than a hammer for lawyers or a Shining Torch of Truth for standardistas.
But I'm not sure if removing testability is the right idea. The problem is that common users _need_ testability. Most sites for businesses and academic units aren't created by design firms or standardistas; they're created by people with basic knowledge and basic tools. The best way to get them to accessibility is to give them tools to build and validate, and the creators of those tools need guidelines reflecting what they should be testing for.
Is the problem here the mission? Maybe WCAG 2.0 is trying to do too much here. Maybe the problem here is that the working group is trying to write Leviticus when all they need is to deliver the Ten Commandments and let others meet to come up with the 637 laws that stem from them.
In non-religious terms, maybe WCAG 2.0 needs to be just the most basic guidelines, written to be as clear and unwordy as possible, with an eye to _other_ working groups interpreting these guidelines into rules germane to specific uses. In other words, blow out 90% of the document, write some basic and general statements, and then punt it to others to try and figure out what that means for specific instances.
I'm not arguing for a market-based creation of standards. What I'm saying is that the WCAG works on not coveting their neighbor's ass, not about whether that ass is kosher for Passover.
Unfortunately, I think it's too late for that. We're stuck with the muddle we're in now, and it's just going to continue what I consistently see at my level—the common web person blowing off accessibility because it's not "easy" and lacks a simple validation methodology.
In my view, technology-specific guidelines are better because of the relative ease of use. Yes, they expire with technology, but what is the alternative? So far, it seems to be either 1) inordinately long development time for technology-agnostic guidelines which require technology-specific examples for clarity, or 2) updated and/or new guidelines for the natural evolution in technologies.
If there's a third way, I haven't seen it yet, and I'm starting to think option 2 above is the more natural choice.
The WCAG as an organisation is becoming increasingly unaccessible to the wider web community which, in itself, is an amusing paradox.
The core consideration in regards to WCAG, that prevents its relevance, is accessibility of the web to the authoring community, not just website users. Guidelines that prevent the average punter from publishing web content easily are counter-productive to the development of the internet as a whole. Which, is probably why the WCAG2.0 is never going to find endorsement by any legal authority.
The internet's core area of accessibility is the disemmenation of content by individuals who have access to a device capable of FTP/HTTP. When guidelines are created which prevent this, then they will largely be ignored. Which, is what we have seen to date and we will continue to see in the future.
I definitely agree that the main issue at stake here is the lack of consultation with community groups who work directly with disabled people . It is from these groups that guidelines should be formed, on which, those of us with the technical skills to translate those needs into real coding approaches should then translate those guidelines into a formal working document. At the moment, I see far too many websites with a WCAG validation logo that don't even come close to being accessible to large sections of the disabled community. Now, do you think this helps the WCAG's credibity, or, hinder it?
bq. maybe WCAG 2.0 needs to be just the most basic guidelines, written to be as clear and unwordy as possible
Hmm. Like… this?
* 1.1 Provide text alternatives for any non-text content so that it can be changed into other forms people need such as large print, braille, speech, symbols or simpler language
* 1.2 Provide synchronized alternatives for multimedia
* 1.3 Create content that can be presented in different ways (for example spoken aloud, simpler layout, etc.) without losing information or structure
* 1.4 Make it easier for people with disabilities to see and hear content including separating foreground from background
* 2.1 Make all functionality available from a keyboard
* 2.2 Provide users with disabilities enough time to read and use content
* 2.3 Do not create content that is known to cause seizures
* 2.4 Provide ways to help users with disabilities navigate, find content and determine where they are
* 3.1 Make text content readable and understandable
* 3.2 Make Web pages appear and operate in predictable ways
* 3.3 Help users avoid and correct mistakes
* 4.1 Maximize compatibility with current and future user agents, including assistive technologies
If you don't understand these in enough detail, there are checkpoints to spell it out. If you don't understand _those_, there are techniques to define whether you've met them. And if you still don't comprehend, the Working Group has even documented _why_ each one is necessary.
It seems most of the criticism here is that WCAG 2 isn't at the same time universally applicable, comprehensive, precise beyond a shadow of a doubt, and capable of being taught to developers over the course of an elevator ride. I know! Maybe a unicorn could deliver it with a free iPhone, too!
I must second Matt and Andrew's comments. Much of the criticism of WCAG 2.0 is due to a few, relatively minor rough edges. Forget the W3C process and politics for a minute and read the document from an objective point of view and you'll find it to be quite good. It's far from perfect, but good. Suggestions that we toss out the baby with the bath water will result in no progress in accessibility.
If we want WCAG 2.0 to be adopted or adapted in broader realms, particularly in legal arenas where it will have the broadest impact, then some level of testability is vital. Does this make things more difficult? Absolutely. Is the 8 out of 10 thing absurd? Yep. Should WCAG 2.0 include some provisions for guidelines that are not absolutely testable? Yes, or they should drop the guidelines that are pseudo-testable (what is "lower secondary reading level" anyways?).
I think many in the community simply give WCAG 2.0 way too much credence. Our goal should be accessibility, not simply compliance. WCAG 2.0 should be one of many tools we use. If the tool isn't perfect, use it for what it's good for and ignore the parts you think are broken. Better yet, if you think you can make it better, get submitting those comments before Friday.
I agree that testability has interfered with the ability to include some cognitive Success Criteria and that as a result those cognitive techiques were included as advisory. But I have trouble with the logic of wanting to remove testability. WCAG 2.0 has most of the common techniques for cognitive disabilities that we would find among recommendations from leading cognitive experts. The objection is that WCAG has made them advisory, not that they have not included cognitive techniques.
But if we remove testability to get the Cognitive Techniques out of advisoy then the *entire* WCAG becomes advisory. We would not have not accomplished anything that I can see.
The spectum of cognitive disabiliies is wider than any other disability group. I think there is much benefit in looking at all the guidelines for places where they impact *some* people with cognitive issues.
I agree that there are some Level 3 issues such as Acronyms that I would have liked to see at level 2 but in general there are many Guideline whose primary target may be blind people or people other disabilities which also give substantial improvement of accessibility to some people with cognitive issues also.
In looking at Level one I would say there are 9 Success Criteria that improve access for some people with cognitive disabilities. For instance, I know a lady who has a form of dyslexia that prevents her from using a mouse. For her, every Success Criteria that makes the web site keyboard accessible is a benefit to her, in fact these Success Criteria are crucial to her employment. Some people with cognitive issues may benefit from have headings which programmatically determined because they may use a User Agent which takes advantage of Heading levels. Guidelines that prevent the web site from changing focus unexpectedly help some people with cognitive issues. Guidelines that extend time outs help some people with cognitive issues who are slower to respond. Contrast and flashing related guidelines help some people with cognitive disabilities. The 4.1 guideline that makes sure all content of the site meets level one swings us back around to apply these issues to other technologies or at least provide the content in another technology which does conform.
When we look at the guidelines through the eyes of different kinds of cognitive issues we find many Success Criteria that help many different kinds of cognitive disabilities.
It's only when WCAG tries to become law that issues such as conformance, conformance level, testability, normative vs. non-normative, advisory, etc become issues.
Let's look at WCAG for what is it, a great collection of guidance created by a body of experts from around the globe. Let's stop trying to make it a standard. Please let's stop trying to harmonize the world's law to WCAG. After all it's the Web Content Accessibility GUIDELINES not the Web Content Accessibility Law. (or is it?)
I could never agree that we need to end testability. As a member of Industry, I need a validator that will let me know if the thousands of the pages here will conform. I can't check each by hand. I realize that at best only part of the guidelines can be machine testable, but even having part of them is better then none when faced with such a large web site. I would rather see more testing over none!
"Patrick Lauke":http://www.alistapart.com/comments/testability?page=2#14
bq. if they're subjective, and not testable, how can you ever hope to enforce them, say within an institution? and if the guidelines are taken as a basis for legislation, would you still want to wait for case-law to clarify each point (maybe having a jury of 10 people, or just a — non tech savvy — judge)?
There are so many things that can't be quantified, but can still be verified. Many points of law *do* require subjective interpretation, and there's no problem with that.
There are plenty of things that are mechanistically testable, and that's great. We can still have automated reports that analyse *most* aspects of accessibility, which will be very useful to developers, particularly those new to accessibility.
But we shouldn't sacrifice good practice for the sake of having testable guidelines. There are some aspects of accessibility that are not mechanistically testable, and I think it's OK to say that, and leave it there. The farcical attempts to define "reliably human testable" makes it messy.
The guidelines are here to serve accessibility, not the other way round!
Interesting article. I must admit I sometimes read W3C specifications with some frustration - sometimes because the language feels too academic (by trying to be too precise, and ending up being obscure), often because the specifications AREN'T testable, e.g. the CSS specifications which leave too much interpretation (personally I'd have preferred a set of tests produced as part of the specification, rather than as an incomplete after thought.
However, the WCAG guidelines are guidelines and not a specification, so I agree, aiming to make them completely testable doesn't work. Personally, I'd like them to be expressed as a series points, each illustrated by a set of patterns and anti-patterns, each explaining why one is good from an accessibility point of view, and the other bad…
In three subsequent paragraphs under the heading 'Cognitive disabilities neglected', Gian Sampson-Wild implies that she was removed from the Working Group because of the way she voted.
To me, this is bullying. Vote the way we want you to, or you are out. I find this repugnant and morally reprehensible.
This is a very serious allegation and it needs to be taken seriously. If there is basis to these claims, and I'm sure Gian Sampson-Wild believes there is, then action needs to be taken. Bullying in any environment is unacceptable.
you argue that "The final version of the WCAG Samurai Errata aren't out yet, and it's disingenuous to blow up your favourite failing of the Errata into a claim that the whole thing is naff".
Yet it seems to be perfectly acceptable to attack what is not the final version of WCAG 2.0 on the basis of certain bits of it that people don't like. That's not just you by the way; I did it as did many others.
But to avoid having double standards it has to be reasonable to critique early versions of the WCAG errata thingummy in exactly the same way… you've proven you can dish it out; now you've got to show you're big enough to take it.
FWIW, I think you are, and I think you'll get it right. But that doesn't mean you should be immune from criticism, and nor do the self-appointed and secretive Samurai deserve any more protection than do the WCAG WG…
bq. In three subsequent paragraphs under the heading "˜Cognitive disabilities neglected', Gian Sampson-Wild implies that she was removed from the Working Group because of the way she voted.
I was a participant in the WCAG WG at the time, and I can say that nobody "removed" her from the group, period. It is possible that she was notified that she had not met the requirements for good standing (i.e., she missed 2 of the last 3 teleconferences and/or 2 of the last 3 face-to-face meetings), which would have been restored once she resumed attending the calls. What she neglects to mention is that she missed six consecutive calls (_and_ six techniques calls) between February 26 and April 22, 2004, according to the group's minutes.
And yet, even she admits that those in attendance were opposed — _unanimously_ — to her proposal, and reiterated that opposition the following week.
Occam's razor, people. Her standing was changed because she was not actively participating. No conspiracy necessary.
Now, Jack, our esteemed colleague Patrick H. Lauke did what I said he did. My previous article on WCAG 2 was a somewhat different animal. Care to compare and contrast?
* Your one-liner list of WCAG 2 headlines is great as far as it goes, but in fact people _do_ need accessibility guidelines to be, at once, instantly gleanable, fully detailed, implementable without indecision, and actually likely to improve accessibility for people with disabilities. That may be an impossible dream, which would be a fair point of criticism. But maybe — just maybe — WCAG 2 as it stands is _too far away_ from these requirements.
* Gian has stated publicly that she was very sick during the time she missed the phone calls. At least one WCAG WG member knows this firsthand. Illness is a disability, and the WCAG Working Group did not accommodate that disability short of undue hardship. The issue passed a vote "unanimously"? only after W3C technicalities were deliberately used to remove Gian from the group.
Matt, you don't work for the W3C anymore. It is no longer necessary to engage in Stockholm-syndrome-like defences of the organization. WCAG WG busts people who disagree or who threaten to withhold "consensus."? That's how they operate; that's why they're bullies; that's why so very few of us trust them anymore.
my right honourable friend joe may have misinterpreted my reason for the apparent statements of "naffness" of WCAG + Samurai.
for the record, i do like the Samurai document a lot, barring a few minor nitpicks.
what i was referring to in my comments ( "such as number 8":http://www.alistapart.com/comments/testability?page=1#8 ) was not meant to take away from it, but rather to ask Gian for clarification on why she felt it was a better solution to her fundamental problem with WCAG 2, leading to one of her final statements:
bq. With the publication of the WCAG Samurai Errata, the web community finally has a choice ...
which seemed like a non-sequitur to me, since Samurai has the same fundamental problem for cognitive disabilities in particular.
First off, consensus _is not_ unanimity. If one participant stands apart from the rest on a point like this, they can raise a formal objection, which Gian has, and which will result in the group having to defend their decision. (Again.) Still, good standing would never have afforded her the privilege of lying down in the road to get her way.
In this case, the argument seems to be that the proposal she made, which didn't receive _any_ support from a group made up of a pretty even mix of advocates, academics and technical folks, should be overturned because… why? Because some bureaucratic status that is about as relevant to the situation as her eye color was changed around the same time? Because it somehow got into ALA? And now, because she was sick? (The messages she sent to the list to excuse herself at the time usually indicated she was "travelling.") No matter how many times you try to explain away how it didn't go the way you wanted, it's still a bad idea.
With regard to the perceived trustworthiness of W3C, and WAI in particular, well, take a bow. You're the one who's responsible for that, thanks in large part to your vividly creative storytelling. But that's worth an article unto itself.
bq. ...nobody "removed"? her from the group, period…
I said: "my status as a member (in good standing) was revoked due to 'non-participation.'"
There were other members in the Working Group that did not fulfil the requirements of attendance. And, as Matt points out, I had not been meeting my attendance requirements for some time. However it was only when I stopped consensus on testability that my status was revoked. It was not "some bureaucratic status that is about as relevant to the situation as [my] eye color" - it was the reason why I could not vote against testability. And this "bureacratic status" wasn't "changed around the same time" as my vote against testability - it was changed *within 24 hours* of my vote against testability.
To clarify I was actually removed from the Working Group at a latter date (which Joe Clark refers to). In the above instance I was living in rural Queensland and travelling to various capital cities for work. Being on the Working Group may not seem too onerous - but it means reviewing up to 100 emails a day, and, in Australia it means weekly 6am teleconferences on a Friday - as a volunteer. Because I was running my own business for most of that time, I was the one who had to foot the bill for the 90 minute international telephone calls (long before Skype became available). I did miss some teleconferences. However it was only when I voted against testability was my status (and voting rights) revoked. I was so disgusted by this that I remained inactive within the Working Group.
Eight months later all Working Group Members were required to re-apply due to the Patent Policy. I used that opportunity to become active within the Working Group. It took me six months of emails to the W3C Staff Member before I was allowed back on the Working Group - and only after I had sent an email to the entire Working Group and CCed the WAI Steering Committee.
I became very ill in October 2005. I did not work for ten months. During that time I did not participate in Working Group teleconferences or via the mailing list. However it was only after I lodged a record number of comments on the Last Call Working Draft and *after* I had mentioned to an IBM Working Group member that I would be joining the next teleconference did I get told that I was no longer a Member. On the 20 July 2006 I received an email from Judy Brewer saying that my Invited Expert status was about to expire "since you haven't been an active participant in the WCAG WG recently". I emailed back that I had been ill. The reason for my removal changed to my apparent lapsed association with my affiliate company. When I argued that my association had not lapsed, the emails ceased.
I have posted the stream of emails between Judy Brewer and "myself":http://www.tkh.com.au/?p=39
I have also included comments about my removal from the Working Group by various non-corporate members of the "Working Group":http://www.tkh.com.au/?p=39#wg
Matt May knows that I back up my assertions about WCAG WG with original documents or links to them. This, in the industry, is called documentation, not "vividly creative storytelling,"? a cutesy phrase I assume means "lying."? If anyone can prove I have lied about any topic in the last 30 years, please publish your documentation.
The original article (remember that?) was a very good piece about testability.
The last bunch of comments aren't, and should be taken to personal blogs. Why not comment on Gian's blog entry that includes the discussions with the working group. They'd be on-topic there.
The notion that the best set of guidelines would be entirely testable seems ludicrous to me but so does the idea that any testability whatsoever is unwarranted. I mean, we _are_ doing this on computers, after all - you'd be leaving entire orchards of fruit on the vine by refraining from having any testable guidelines whatsoever.
For example, "Make all functionality available from a keyboard" is eminently testable, as are many specific cases of the other guidelines, for example, in compliance with "Help users avoid and correct mistakes" no form control should start off in a state that it cannot be returned to - e.g. the infamous set of radio buttons that start with nothing selected, but then once you click one you can't back out even if it wasn't a required field… and although the _quality_ of particular alt text can't be judged by a machine its _presence_ - whether the alt tag is missing or empty, or even whether it contains an entire sentence - _can_ be machine-tested. You could even go so far as to test whether all photographs have alt tags, whether images containing text have alt tags, whether images containing faces have alt tags, et cetera.
And in the spirit of guiding rather than strict lawgiving, tests need not be for the strict purpose of passing or failing on compliance, they can be informative. I must concur with the previous poster that a technological guideline, an actual test tool or suite of tools, may be appropriate for these parts of the standards.
I do think that the testable and non-testable guidelines should be clearly delineated. I also think that the cost of testability should be considered and ameliorated, particularly when publicly-available tools could be developed, or the existing ones better-used. (But I would note that despite its title, neither the article nor the subsequent discussion has addressed cost.)
I'm sorry, Bruce, but I disagree with you. Discussion of Gian Sampson-Wild's claims in regards to her removal from the Working Group are valid.
How many on that Working Group are voting in a specific way because that is the way that they have been told/shown is the 'correct' way? It could be that others agreed with Gian on testability but were too afraid to vote in the way that they truly felt.
Is there bullying in other Working Groups in the W3C? Is the W3C creating documents to the best of all combined abilities?
These questions need to be asked considering that at least one other person has made similar claims of this Working Group and there seems to be no response from the W3C about it; tacitly condoning the alleged type of behaviour.
I've written up "my thoughts in more detail":http://www.thepickards.co.uk/index.php/200707/wcag-20-testability-testing-times-tetchiness/ but taking into account Bruce Lawson's quite sensible pointing out that we're discussing testability rather than Working Group status or otherwise, I'll not go into detail here.
You can either nip over to my site to read my long and rambling opinionated rant, or not. I honestly don't mind.
For ALT text, the test is surely a self-critical question to the designer: "Does the alt-text I've used give the reader an idea of what the image is trying to convey, or what my purpose in including it in the web page was, if for some reason the reader can't see the it?"
For any image, there will be a range of acceptable alt-text, so the answer to the question will only be a matter of opinion, informed or not. That's not something that's testable by machine, is barely testable by humans, and certainly not with any degree of consistency (at the required 80% level for WCAG2).
If its not testable, you can't measure compliance and hence the perceived reduction in usefulness of WCAG2 to purchasers of websites as a standard to aim for. Sounds like sticking strictly to the letter of WCAG2 could result in less usable/accessible (sensu lato) websites. I'd rather stick to the spirit and use techniques shown to enhance accesibility/usability. Actual demonstration of that to a user/client would be better than certification.
We do test our product though accessibility testing is often like many companies seen as important. If there are problems found by customers the issues are fixed pretty swiftly.
As a designer I have never got into WCAG2 as it seemed to less used and to vague. Maybe I just haven't got the time to learn another set of standards as WCAG1 was heavy enough.
Testability is unfortunately a must for the many many people, including the W3C and its members, who make money through accessibility consultancy - it allows them to say "This is exactly right, and this is exactly wrong", which helps a lot and leaves no uncertainties or arguments or incorrect online testing systems.
However, Gian is exactly right - many of the most important elements of the current set of the WCAG are untestable - these elements also go hand in hand with search engine optimisation and usability/general user experience for even able-bodied users.
The document defines testable as "machine-testable" or "reliably human testable"? — which means that eight out of ten human testers must agree on whether the site passes or fails each success criterion."
The truth is that disabled users are not machines and 8 out of ten human beings aren't disabled. In reality, the W3C should get these guidelines approved not by a group of able-bodied front-end developers who are going to have to use and adhere to them, but by the very people they are intended to help the most: disabled users. And with the multitude of disabilities out there, it's about time we started asking all of them what they think and what they would want from websites.
I cannot agree strongly enough with Aidan Williams - we need to start testing with, and talking to, people with disabilities.
This group of people is unfortunately under-represented in the WCAG Working Group. Often when we worked in Working Group sub-groups to revise specific success criterion we were split by geographic location, not by interest or knowledge of a particular area of disability. But this is not a problem relevant only to the Working Group: I believe the entire accessibility community needs to engage with their users more.


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Home » United Tribes News » Story
United Tribes NewsSTAFF NEWS
29 September 2010
Tammy Kelsch, a former teacher education graduate of the United Tribes/Sinte Gleska Bachelor's program, is the new coordinator/instructor of United Tribes Disabilities Support Services. Her office is in the Jack Barden Center. Please welcome her as a key player on the United Tribes Wellness team. And thank Betty Anhorn and Julie Beston-Sage for providing disabilities support services on an interim basis before Tammy's arrival on staff.
– Sheri Baker
David M. Gipp was appointed in July by U. S. Labor Secretary Hilda L. Solis to serve on the Labor Department's Native American Employment and Training Council. The council was established as part of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 and advises the Secretary on operation and administration of Native American employment and training programs. Dr. Gipp's appointment is for two years; he had previously served on the council.
Congratulations to Colleen Bredahl (Art/Art Marketing) for her involvement in developing a new software manual. She is a contributing editor for the Adobe book "Against the Clock; Mastering Graphic Technology." The book draws on years of professional experience and instructor feedback, from graphic design professionals like Colleen, in teaching how to effectively use graphics applications.
– Wayne Pruse
Former United Tribes staffer and TJES instructor, Mark Mindt, is now principal of Four Winds (Tate Topa) Middle School, Ft. Totten, ND. Building on his recent educational assignments at McLaughlin and Bull Head, SD, he is now serving youngsters of his home tribe, Spirit Lake. "It's a nice feeling to be a leader among the staff and to finally feel like I can genuinely and instantly give back to the community," he said. Congratulations and best wishes to Mark! You can follow his KODA THE WARRIOR series on page two of each edition of United Tribes News.
– Editor
I want to express my gratitude to Wellness Director Sheri Bear King Baker and Chief of Security James Red Tomahawk for their quick action and team work on August 5. I was in need of medical attention and they were there to help me right away. Within 10 minutes I was at the ER with my doctor and being scheduled for surgery, which took place the next day. These two fine colleagues exhibited how responsive they can be an emergency. I am on the mend now and so grateful for the experience and life-saving knowledge of UTTC campus colleagues and friends!
– Dr. Harriett Skye, PhD., Vice President of Intertribal Programs
Two United Tribes cultural experts participated August 21 in the first annual "Day of the People" program at the N.D. Cowboy Hall in Medora. Tribal arts instructor Butch Thunderhawk presented a talk about "The Re-emergence of Native American Ledger Art," and described his work on an exhibit at Harvard's Peabody Museum in Cambridge, MA. Academic VP Phil Baird presented his rodeo history research with the talk "Indian Rodeo Cowboys of the Dakotas." Baird is co-founder and president of the Cowboy Hall of Fame. Also featured, Amy Mossett, Twin Buttes, presented a talk about "The Life of Sakakawea," and Cecil Washburn, Medora, talked about "Cherokee Beliefs and Traditions."
Contact Us
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text: I was gifted a truing stand so I want to start truing my wheels. I sorta successfully trued a wheel on an old bike a couple of years ago but stripped a couple of nipples in the process. I would like to practice a bit before tackling my good wheels. Anyhow, that is where my confusion sets in. I pulled a wheel off a true junker of a bike that my daughter has laying around the back of the garage. Surprisingly the front wheel spins true BUT there is almost no tension in the spokes. They all easily move when I squeeze them. I assume I should tighten them up a bit but how to begin. Should I just tighten every spoke a quarter turn and then see where I am?


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Newbie workflow question
Started Jun 20, 2010 | Discussions thread
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Forum Member • Posts: 98
Newbie workflow question
Jun 20, 2010
We just got a D700 , Nikon 24-70 2.8 lens, and SB900 flash…. LOVE IT!!!!! I have always shot in jpg but wanted to start learning to process NEF. The workflow I'm "trying" to make work is as flows:
1. Open ViewNX to look at images, while inside ViewNX I open with…. Capture NX2
2. Now that I have the image in Capture NX2 I make white balance changes, etc then I open with PS
3. Now here is the problem, I now have it in PS as a Tiff file, I make my changes and when I save as…..there is not an option to save as a JPG.
My goal is to save it as JPG or should I rethink how I want to save the file? If this is a dumb question please just disregard and don't tear me apart.
Thanks in advance,
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Public News Service has a good story on its website this morning that highlights a newly released report from the folks at Action for Children NC entitled "From Push Out to Lock Up: North Carolina's Accelerated School-to-Prison Pipeline":
"Discipline practices at some public school systems in North Carolina are preparing students for prison instead of a profession, according to a report released Wednesday by Action for Children North Carolina.
The problem stems from a trend for school systems to involve the juvenile justice system, even for the most mundane discipline problems, instead of dealing with the problem internally, according to Deborah Bryan, the organization's president and CEO.
'School districts are strapped,' she says. 'They're short-staffed already, so it is a challenge already for them to deal with some of these discipline behaviors.' Read more