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Malana Village in Kullu- The oldest democracy!
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Malana, a village in the Kullu district considered to be the oldest democracy in the world. A village headed by a local deity, Jamlu Devta. The culture and governance of the village gives it a separate and unique position in the Himachal history.
Knowing Malana Village in Kullu
is a village in the Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh, which has its unique identity. The village is situated at chilling height of 12000 feet on the Chandrakhani mountain. The culture, governing rules, tradition of this village is pretty different from the local inhabitants of Kullu. The people here are believed to be the
successors of Alexander
. The entire village is under the rule and protection of single deity,
Jamlu Devta
. Since ages people have been working and obeying the rules of Jamlu Devta. There is no interference of outsiders, Indian law, Indian police or any other central or state governing body in the matters of this village. All the matters are settled upon the consent of the officials appointed in this village and every decision is taken in accordance with Jamlu Devta's will.
The main occupation of the people here is farming and cultivation. The entire land here is in the name of the local deity, Jamlu Devta. People work on the lands and at the time harvesting, they always offer some share of the production to Jamlu Devta. This part of food items is stored and used in times of rituals and other festivals associated with Jamlu Devta. Since the village is at a very good height, apples also grow here. Malana village is internationally famous for weeds. All these are the main sources of income of this village. People in this village have to marry within the village and cannot marry outside.
Who is Jamlu Devta?
Jamlu Devta is basically a local name given to
Rishi Jamdagani
of Tretayug who came in this part of Kullu valley for meditation. He was the father of the most angry sage
Shri Parshuram
. Renuka was the spouse of Jamdagani Rishi which today exists as
Renuka Lake in Sirmour
. Jamdagani Rishi was one of the most renowned saint of that era. He was the only Rishi who was gifted the
Kamdhenu Cow
, a cow with supernatural power to produce any food item for any number of people.
There is no particular idol of Rishi Jamdagani, that is worshipped. People worship statue of horses in the name of Jamdagani. Horse is regarded as the sign of Rishi Jamdagani . People visiting this village presents models of horse made out of silver to the deity. The existence of Jamdagani Rishi is known to be at very few places. One is in this Malana village and another is in the Ani tehsil of Kullu district. There is a small temple of Jamdagani Rishi in the Village Zehra, Ani Tehsil of Kullu. Jamdagani Rishi is believed to exist there too.
Governance in Malana Village, Kullu
Malana is believed to have the
oldest democracy in the world
. There are two houses of the elected members popularly known as the lower house and upper house(just like Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha).
is the lower house whereas
is the upper house.
Jayeshthang, Upper House of Malana Village, Kullu
The upper house, Jayeshthang consists of three permanent members and eight temporary members (total eleven members). The three permanent members are
Karmishth, Pujari and Gur
. Karmishth is the executive and administrative head of the entire village. Pujari is the main worshipper associated with Jamlu Devta. He has to participate and perform all the rituals and religious ceremonies related to Jamlu Devta and in the village. Gur, is one of the most important members of the upper house. He is the person, in which Jamlu Devta actually comes to give his verdicts, to tell the policies and to make various important prophecies related to the betterment of village. Gur is chosen by Jamlu Devta himself. Gur has to devote his entire life for the service of Jamlu Devta. The temporay eight members of the upper house are chosen from the four wards called
. Each Chug has two parts, each of which is known as
.Four wards are,
Thamyani, Nagvani, Durani and Palchani
respectively. Two eldest members of each ward (one from each Chhuddi) are chosen to form the eight temporary members of the upper house.
After the death of Gur, the next Gur is selected by Jamlu Devta himself. That particular person starts getting dreams or Jamlu Devta himself in his body. After certain rituals, the new Gur is then officially declared. However, the eight temporary members are elected among the most mature members of each of the four wards. After the death of any of the members similar procedure is followed.
Kanishthang, Lower House of Malana Village, Kullu
The lower house, Kanishthang, consists of one eldest member from each of the family of the village. Mostly, the head of the family is chosen as the member. In case, there is no male head in the family, the eldest lady is chosen as the member. Every decision in the village requires the consent of the lower house. Once a particular issue has been forwarded by positive consent of both the houses only then the decision is finalized. In case of conflict between the two houses, the issue is left in the hands of Jamlu Devta himself. Thus Jamlu Devta acts as the land of last resort in case of conflicting matters of the village. Jamlu Devta put forth his decision by speaking through the body of Gur. The decision of Jamlu Devta is final and mandatory for all the villagers to follow.
Related Resources:
Strange Tree in Kullu
Introduction to Kullu- A Famous Tourist Destination in Himachal
How to Reach Kullu?
Famous Temples in Kullu
Read related articles:
Kullu Manali
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Book your room at Zenitude Toulouse Aeroport, Le Parc de l'Escale
Get an overview of this hotelSuburban residence with restaurant and fitness center
Situated near the airport, this residence is within 3 mi (5 km) of Eglise Sainte Radegonde Colomiers, Purpan Hospital, and Roman Amphitheater at Purpan. Airbus Industry is 2.8 mi (4.6 km) away.
Property Features
A restaurant, a fitness center, and a bar/lounge are available at this residence. Free WiFi in public areas and free self parking are also provided. Additionally, a seasonal outdoor pool, a meeting room, and dry cleaning are onsite.
Room Amenities
All 242 rooms feature kitchenettes with refrigerators and microwaves, plus free WiFi and flat-screen TVs with digital channels. Other amenities available to guests include hair dryers, safes, and phones. Weekly housekeeping is available.Would you like to give us feedback? Share it! Opens in a new window
Zenitude Toulouse Aeroport, Le Parc de l'Escale8 Rue De Caulet Toulouse Haute-Garonne 31300
Renovations & Closures
- Swimming pool
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Zenitude Toulouse Aeroport, Le Parc de l'Escale features a fitness center and a seasonal outdoor pool. The residence offers a restaurant. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. A computer station is located on site and high-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary.
This Toulouse residence also offers a terrace, multilingual staff, and complimentary newspapers in the lobby. Onsite self parking is complimentary.
- 24-hour front desk
- Airport transportation (surcharge)
- Bar/lounge
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Computer station
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
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- Fitness facilities
- Free self parking
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- Multilingual staff
- Number of buildings/towers - 3
- Number of floors - 6
- One meeting room
- Outdoor seasonal pool
- Restaurant
- Terrace
- Total number of rooms - 242
- Year Built 2009
Family Friendly Amenities
- Cribs/infant beds (complimentary)
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- Kitchenette
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Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Air conditioning
- Bathtub only
- Cookware, dishware, and utensils
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Desk
- Digital TV service
- Flat-panel TV
- Free WiFi
- Hair dryer
- In-room safe
- Iron/ironing board
- Kitchenette
- Microwave
- Phone
- Premium TV channels
- Private bathroom
- Refrigerator
- Weekly housekeeping provided
Where to Eat
Buffet breakfasts are available for a surcharge and are served each morning between 6:30 AM and 10 AM.
Le Parc de l Escale - Overlooking the pool, this restaurant specializes in French cuisine and serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Guests can enjoy drinks at the bar. Open select days.
Nearby Things to Do
Recreational amenities at the residence include a fitness center and a seasonal outdoor pool.
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Golf driving range on site
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Roll-in shower
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Check-out time is 11 AM
Payment types
Children and extra beds
- Children are welcome.
- Free cribs (infant beds)!
- Pets allowed for an extra charge of EUR 8 per pet, per day
- 1 per room
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
No rollaway/extra beds available
24-hour check-in
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 1.50 per person, per night. This tax does not apply to children under 17 years of age.
Optional extras
- Fee for buffet breakfast: EUR 11 for adults and EUR 5.6 for children (approximately)
- Airport shuttle fee: EUR 15 per person (roundtrip)
- Pet fee: EUR 8 per pet, per day
- Cleaning/housekeeping/linens fees vary based on length of stay
Hotel Name
- Adagio Aéroport
- Adagio Aéroport House
- Adagio Aéroport House Toulouse
- Adagio Toulouse
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- Zenitude Aeroport Parc l'Escale House
- Zenitude Toulouse Aeroport Parc l'Escale
- Zenitude Aeroport Parc l'Escale
- Zenitude Toulouse Aeroport Parc l'Escale House
National Rating
This hotel has received its official star rating from the French Tourism Development Agency, ATOUT France.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
My son is 5 will be 6 in 5 months. He pees himself daily at home or school.
He does not seem to have a problem at night as long as i cut off his drinking in time for him to empty his bladder before bedtime. He says that he pees himself on purpose and that it doesn't bother him to be wet or that he is wet. He says that he goes in his pants just because he doesn't want to go to the bathroom. He does this whether he is doing something fun or classroom work. I've punished him, and he still doesn't care. He does this constantly. . He just walks around wet until he dries naturally. .I took him the pediatrician and he is healthy. Thank God. Please help me!!!!
Posted: 10/01/2012 by linda524
Answer this question


text:
Well, I'm just as new to these forums as you are, but it seems to be a great treasure trove of map goodness.
Hello! I am a brand new GM-Wannabe. My name is Whitney and I hope to learn a lot from these forums. (I already have!) See you on the threads.
Well, I'm just as new to these forums as you are, but it seems to be a great treasure trove of map goodness.
Hexingtide: A dieselpunk-fantasy setting for gaming and fiction. Two world map posters in progress here.
Well, enjoy, both of you! Looking forward to seeing your maps and welcome to the Guild!
ANOTHER GIRL! What is this forum coming to!
Glad to have you here Whitney! Any questions please ask.
Daniel the Neon Knight: Campaign Cartographer User
Never use a big word when a diminutive one will suffice!
Any questions on CC3? Post them with CC3 in the Subject Line!
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Unless otherwise stated by me in the post, all work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 United States License.
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Post some of your early work (any stage) let us critique and guide you to mapping perfection.
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Kaidan setting of Japanese Horror (PFRPG) Google+ community


text:
200 Buena Vista Drive
Colville, WA 99114
Phone : (509) 684-6272
Fax : (509) 684-1206
The Colville Border Patrol Station was built in 1963 and remodeled in 2004. The station was originally located in Marcus, Washington along the Columbia River. After the Columbia River was flooded due to the construction of a dam, the station was moved to Kettle Falls, Washington where it remained until it was moved to its present location in Colville.
Area of Responsibility
The Colville station is responsible for 40 miles of the U.S./Canada border form the Laurier Port of Entry to the Stevens/Pend Oreille County Line. The Laurier Port of Entry, the ports of entry located at Boundary and Frontier, are in Colville's area of responsibility.


text:
Full View of Record
|Check Availability
|Lawrence Library / Main Collection: GN281 .U55 2012
|Ulijaszek, Stanley J.
|Evolving human nutrition : implications for public health / Stanley Ulijaszek, Neil Mann, Sarah Elton.
|New York : Cambridge University Press, c2012.
|vii, 405 p. : ill., maps ; 24 cm.
|Type of Material
|( Cambridge studies in biological and evolutionary anthropology ; ; 64 )
|( Cambridge studies in biological and evolutionary anthropology ; 64.)
|Bibliography Note
|Includes bibliographical references (p. 329-400) and index.
|Contents: Introduction -- I. The animal within -- Locating human diet in a mamalian framework -- Diet and hominin evolution -- Seasonality of environment and diet -- Evolution of human diet and eating behaviour -- II. A brave new world -- Dietary change and health discordance -- Nutrition and infectious disease, past and present -- Inequality and nutritional health -- III. Once upon a time in the west -- Nutrition transition -- Fats in the global balance -- Feed the world with carbohydrates -- Postscript.
|"While most of us live our lives according to the working week, we did not evolve to be bound by industrial schedules, nor did the food we eat. Despite this, we eat the products of industrialization and often suffer as a consequence. This book considers aspects of changing human nutrition from evolutionary and social perspectives. It considers what a 'natural' human diet might be, how it has been shaped across evolutionary time and how we have adapted to changing food availability. The transition from hunter-gatherer and the rise of agriculture through to the industrialisation and globalisation of diet are explored. Far from being adapted to a 'Stone Age' diet, humans can consume a vast range of foodstuffs. However, being able to eat anything does not mean that we should eat everything, and therefore engagement with the evolutionary underpinnings of diet and factors influencing it are key to better public health practice"-- Provided by publisher.
|Human evolution.
|Prehistoric peoples -- Food.
|Human behavior -- Nutritional aspects.
|Food habits -- History.
|Diet -- History.
|Nutrition -- History.
|Mann, Neil, 1953-
|Elton, Sarah.
|System Number
|9780521869164 (hardback)
|0521869161 (hardback)
|Choose format:
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text:
Bad Breath Has Different Smells
Other types of Bad breath smells are rotten eggs from the breakdown of cysteine. This usually comes from the front of the tongue surface and is a sign of inadequate oral hygiene. Of course if someone can smell a faecal odour when you speak then this is usually coming from the gums and back of the tongue surface. It is the same mechanics as throat bad breath, but because it is being formed in the mouth, the gases can escape to the public.
90% of bad breath comes from proteins in the mouth. In other words from coatings that are not cleaned away every twelve hours or from the breakdown of gum tissue. So excellent oral hygiene is the most important part of tackling a bad breath issue.
Metallic Taste May Mean Dry Mouth
But it is not all so simple. If you have a metallic taste then this may be an indicator of dry mouth. Metallic taste can also occur if you chew too much chewing gum with artificial sweeteners, or if you use mouthwash with chlorhexidine or mouthwash with chlorine dioxide in it.
If you place acid in your mouth, such as with coffee or commercial mouthwash then this also can cause a metallic taste. Finally acid will happen after every meal, regardless of the food being healthy or not. So the secret is not to snack on foods but eat breakfast, lunch and dinner. If you are still hungry then have morning tea and afternoon tea. But do not snack on foods in between these meals.
Tongue Coating. Just as you get a coating on your teeth called plaque, everyone gets some coating also on their tongue. This coating is generally a mixture of sulphur compounds mixed with mucous and sometimes food particles or coffee or tea and probably bacteria. If this coating is not cleaned away every 24 hours then it will mature and allow bad breath bacteria to live and grow within.
Scrape Your Tongue To Examine The Coating
The best way to check if your coating on the tongue is causing any issues is to scrape it off with a tongue cleaner or spoon. Wait 10 seconds for the moisture to evaporate and then smell it. If the coating is more than twelve hours old you will have bacterial breakdown within the coating and you will be able to smell it. People with nasal drip will always have a coating on their tongue, but if that coating is removed every twelve hours, then the coating will not smell.
So it is important to distinguish if the coating on the tongue is old or new, and how many hours it has been in your mouth.
Tonsil Stones. Patients that have post nasal problems often report coughing up small condensed stones that smell awful. These tonsil stones are made from compressed sulphur compounds, mucous, and bacteria. They are an excellent indicator of nasal problems, and maybe bad breath. Before the development of the Halicheck Oral Chroma, it was impossible to diagnose throat mucous causing bad breath. There was no machinery that was sophisticated enough to be able to separate these gases from other normal mouth gases.
Halitophobics Have Nasal Mucous
Generally halitophobics have throat smells, that travel to the nose where they are able to be smelt. But these gases are blocked off by the throat and do not travel to the general public. So you get friends or doctors telling the person they do not have bad breath when in fact the sufferer can smell the breath 24/7.
The treatment for this is do do copious flushing with Sinoclear Hypertonic nasal flush and also use the KForce Plus Kit to tackle the mucous that builds up on the gag reflex at the back of the tongue.
Lick Wrist Test. Make sure you have not drunk any water or liquid in the past hour as this can wash away compounds on the tongue surface or dilute the coating on the tongue. You can either lick your wrist or pull a pice of clean gauze across the tongue surface. Allow the gauze or licked area to dry for ten seconds and then smell the area to see if there is any odour. Obviously a positive smell tells you that your oral hygiene is not satisfactory. Unfortunately this test does not tell you if there are issues under the gums or further at the back of the tongue and throat.
Hints From Other People
Looking for body language from others you interact with is a very poor indicator of bad breath. Hints can be: someone rubbing their nose while you talk, someone moving away while you talk to them, or an offer of mints or gum. This should not be accepted as a sign of a breath problem, unless you can verify the problem with at least one other test described above. What I can tell you is that if you are looking for signs from others then you probably have an internal smell and therefore probably you have a throat issue as described above.
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Erin ErinFollow Erin
27-year-old Female living in Altona, Victoria Australia
24 female from Melbourne! Love travelling like everyone else. Lover of live music and try to see as many gigs as I can. I love AFL football. Pretty easy going, love to go out for a drink at a bar or pub.. errrr yep!
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text: mrfill August 13, 2013 11:33 AM I guess the time zone thing explains why tennis and golf are so unpopular in the US.The US audience is simply not sophisticated enough to understand F1. It doesn't have lots of stops (Necessary to pack in loads of adverts), has no drivers in the series, no manufacturer and has had no WDC since the dinosaurs. I did watch a GP once when SpeedTV ran it. Possibly the worst coverage of a race I have ever seen. Adverts every 15 minutes for 3 or 4 minutes then another 2 minutes to catch up with the action during the ads, then back live for a few minutes before another ad break and so on ad nauseum. Horrible. Reply Report abuse 7 agree 5 disagree


text:
By Guest Blogger, Doreen Settles, Senior Recruiter
The 4th post in our new Recruiter Series that will feature the specific environments we hire for and what it takes to succeed.
In the many years that I have worked for Sodexo, I come in contact with people that think that we are simply a food management company. They say things like, "yes, I have heard of Sodexo. They provide the food on my son's campus". Or they will say, "They provide the food at the hospital where I delivered my baby!" Very few understand that we have exciting careers in Facilities management.
Sodexo oversees the entire facility to include the chief engineer, the HVAC staff, grounds management and the operations team. Take a look at all our services!
In talking with our hiring managers, I have learned that to be successful as a manager in Facilities Services requires the following:
- focus on customer and client satisfaction
- solid understanding of the interrelationships between the core facilities services of cleaning, maintenance and grounds services and the larger community
- good trade skills, solid knowledge of building control systems and the latest in cleaning programs and grounds and ball field maintenance
- expertise in quality control methods, systems and programs
- strong financial skills
Darrel Foster
General Manager/Engineering I
Sodexo Corporate Services
Recently featured in a tribute piece for World FM Day, Darrel Foster shared his Sodexo success story, which began more than twenty five years ago. With a BS in Political Science and Biology from Xavier University, he started out as a General Manager in the janitorial and food service industries. Through the years, he developed into a "go-to" person for the training of new GMs and currently oversees four facility units in Houston, Texas.
Foster created significant savings by reducing wattage in overhead lighting throughout a two-story, 93,000 square foot building. In 2010, Foster and his team was recognized for his exemplary work and won Sodexo's Spirit of Progress Award.
Foster predicts that "FM will soon be the number one job in the country, since more and more companies are outsourcing managers to come in and run their businesses". He says this trend will require tomorrow's Facility Manager to be a well-rounded individual who takes ownership of a broader scope of responsibilities, including janitorial and housekeeping services, maintenance, HVAC, nurturing vendors, building renovations and more. I couldn't agree more!
Do you have what it takes to succeed in Facilities Management? Watch this video and then search our job openings today!


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Monday Oct 01 2012
Zittel Farms pumpkin patch is Folsom family traditionBy: Laura Newell, Telegraph staff writer
FOLSOM CA - One local pumpkin patch has been making kids smile for years and this month they are kicking off their fall season. Zittel Farms has been in business since 1976, and as the only working farm left in Folsom, they can offer a unique experience to young kids this fall. "We have animals, a petting zoo, pony rises on the weekends, a small corn maze and hay rides for kids and a pumpkin patch," said Gail Zittel who owns and operates the farm with her husband Roger. "We are a small family business, we do it all. We are unique and seasonal and we love what we do." Besides the traditional holiday pumpkin, Zittel said the farm offers a variety of gourds and other fall decorations for families to purchase. Zittel said the farm is longtime tradition for many families in the region and she has watched generations come to visit the farm every year. "People can come and spend a few hours with us. We are a tradition. We are the only living and acting farm left here in Folsom," Zittel said. "We teach and show kids how things grow and what we do here on the farm. We want people to come and enjoy themselves and maybe even buy a pumpkin." The farm is open from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. on weekends and from 9 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. on weekdays. There is free parking and admission for all ages. For more information, call (916) 989-2633 or visit zittelfarms.com.


text:
Early outcomes of the Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Programs (GEAR UP) program: final report
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1/3 on College 5-percent level Above-grade academic administrative advanced placement African-American algebra appendix Association for GEAR attending college baseline Beta coefficients classes code values College Orientation Index confidence intervals Cronbach's alpha eighth-grade student English enrolled estimated Evaluation of GEAR First-generation flag that identifies foreign language GEAR UP activities GEAR UP affiliation GEAR UP program GEAR UP projects GEAR UP schools GEAR UP staff GEAR UP students grade Group of instructional hierarchical linear modeling high school Hispanic imputation Index code instructional programs international baccalaureate mathematics mBVO(rxbeta measure Middle School Level national evaluation NELS:88 College Orientation non-GEAR UP schools non-GEAR UP students number of students parent interview participation partners percent Percentage of students postsecondary education predicted professional development reported Response options rxbeta sample school staff Science seventh-grade student Statistically significant differences student and parent Student Question student records data student survey Survey code teachers tutoring variables visits


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Foods for Success: What Should You Eat Before The Interview?
By Marcus Samuelsson | October 9, 2012
When I was looking for apprenticeships following culinary school, I remember being frustrated by the ups-and-downs of the job market, being devastated by a rejection then instantly rejuvinated by a new lead. Anyone who has ever been on the job search has experienced this roller coaster, and also knows that if they are fortunate enough to get an interview, everything has to be perfect. While people go about this in different ways, perfecting their resumes, religiously rehearsing their answers to typical interview questions, choosing their outfits days in advance, too often they overlook the importance of the right food in the interview process. Read More


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Saturday, December 15, 2012
2 comments
I called it.
My old work had their Christmas party last night, and I went to see some familiar faces. It was disastrous for me (not personally - just food wise). I came extra early to spend some time with the hostess because I ... Read more
Friday, December 14, 2012
0 comments
So it's official.
After a week of kind of "guessing" where my weight was at, without actually stepping on the scale - I stepped on it today. I was right, I have gained those four extra pounds.
The sad part was that I was kind of "over... Read more
Thursday, December 13, 2012
0 comments
Now that I'm engaged, and planning a wedding part time (hah.. I'm so excited to get married - have no desire to plan a wedding...or spend all that money).
I got engaged in August, and committed to losing 20lbs before December. It was always... Read more
Wednesday, January 18, 2012
4 comments
Today I was telling my weight loss story to my fellow co-workers. I kind of wear it as a badge of honour that I used to weigh almost 200 lbs (195...but whose counting?). A woman was saying how much she hated pant shopping - i chimed in, that whe... Read more
Tuesday, January 17, 2012
2 comments
Last week, I started cooking 4 different meals on Sunday that I would eat as lunch and dinner through out the week. I figured, four different recipes would be just enough f... Read more
Monday, January 16, 2012
2 comments
Oh boy.
I've lost it.
How can it be that I weigh less than I did last year, and yet I am weigh more...jiggly. I've been trying to lose the last 20 lbs for about 1 year now. In that year, I've lost the consistent workout schedule that ... Read more
Thursday, October 06, 2011
4 comments
I'm finally on the career path that I want to be on, and am loving it! The only problem is that my once care-free, work maybe 25 hours a week schedule is a thing of the past! I now have a wonky schedule that starts out at beautiful Read more
Friday, May 06, 2011
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"Isn't the one we have fine?"
"Dad, I'm pretty sure there is still food on it from the last time it was used"
"Consider it a bonus then!"
"Dad, it's 15 years old"
"Oh well, if you must"
...Well I must! I bought myself a ... Read more
Friday, April 01, 2011
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Last night at work, all I wanted was a poutine. For those who may not know - a poutine is fries topped with cheese curds and gravy. It is ahhmazing.
Even now, when I am out and there is a restaurant that offers a veggie poutine (using mush... Read more
Wednesday, March 23, 2011
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Journey to the Size 8 Pants - Day 36
Today is my weigh-in day. I lost 0.6lbs. And I am THRILLED! I know that I am going to be losing weight slower now, so any movement in the right direction makes me know that what I'm doing is the right th... Read more
Wednesday, March 09, 2011
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Wednesday, March 09, 2011
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Today is my weigh in day, and I am still at the same weight I was 2 weeks ago! I know that lately I have been slacking on my food tracking, and that very well could have resulted in some over eating - but still...I thought I was doing much bette... Read more
Friday, March 04, 2011
2 comments
Recently I celebrated my 1 year Sparkiversary! How exciting. This is the longest I have stayed active on spark (with the same user name haha...i think I have about 10 usernames on sparkpeople). This is also the most successful I have been on spa... Read more
Tuesday, March 01, 2011
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Monday, February 21, 2011
3 comments
tis the end of a long weekend. And it was a brutally long weekend. My diet most certainly did not survive. I fell off the horse. And apparently it was the Trojan Horse (i.e. it was very tall if you didn't quite follow that allusion)
Here a... Read more


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Love it!
Five Minutes With... Jeff Schick
Colleen Burns 120000C4RP firstname.lastname@example.com | | Tags:  connections connections_4 jeff_schick social_business
7 Comments | 15,289 Visits
Five Minutes With... Jeff Schick
What is your role at IBM?
Why is the release of IBM Connections 4 so different than previous releases?
How will IBM Connections 4 help our clients continue their evolution as a social business?
Also, with IBM Connections 4, you can stay connected anytime and anywhere with comprehensive mobile support. Employees can share and discover key ideas and insights across their organization. What I love most is using IBM Connections 4 on Apple iPad. Many people on my team also enjoy how well this new release works on their Android tablets and smartphones. IBM Connections 4 makes it possible to eliminate a lot of guesswork from daily decision making -- you can easily uncover Insights from social analytics to speed processes and make faster and more informed decisions, whilst driving adoption and deepening relationships.
Finally, IBM Connections 4 offers the choice to deploy securely with cloud -- on premises and hybrid options.
Industry analysts and IBM Business Partners I've spoken to have described IBM Connections as "SOA for the front office." We're entering a new wave, where integrating social with core business processes can yield enormous benefits for sales, customer support and service, marketing, development, and more.
What will IBM unveil during the September 13 live broadcast "From Liking to Leading - The success of your business is social"*?
We've invited clients and market leaders to share the real business value they're realizing by incorporating social technology into their business processes. Plus, several of my executive colleagues will discuss how businesses can gain competitive advantages by empowering more employees to be innovators and more clients to be advocates. People located near Atlanta, Dallas or Toronto, can attend a face-to-face event to view the live simulcast and discuss the topics afterwards with local IBM experts, business partners and business leaders.
You can follow Jeff on Twitter @JeffSchick
Comments (7)
Connections 4.0 really rocks! +1
nice progress


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Thursday, November 20, 2008
Paying your bills with a drawing of a spider
This is actually quite funny. It is however getting sillier and sillier.
Hat Tip: Dizzy Thinks
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Welsh Liberal Democrats for South Wales West - Visit my main website at www.peterblack.wales


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We all love that moment when you get to type The End. All those words, those characters, that plot that youve held in your head and wrestled with and somehow got down onto the page. Well done, you! Youve written a novel. Youve suceeded where so many others have failed.
But heres the thing: The end is just the beginning. There are of course novelists who can write perfect first drafts, but theyre in the minority. Im one of the many writers who expects to do at least two drafts and a polish before it goes to my agent. Some tips for the rewriting/editing process:
- Take a break before you allow yourself to read your novel at least a week.
- Read on paper, not on screen. Jot down your thoughts as you go, whatever they might be.
- If youre anything like me, you will hate your novel more and more as you get into the middle of it (the soft underbelly). When youve finished, you will probably be scraping yourself off the floor. Thats OK. Most of us feel that way. You can fix it.
- Take some time to get your thoughts straight. Your back brain will be working long before you have any answers. Go for walks, do other work Let it all run through your head and make notes when you can. If you need another opinion, ask a smart reader wholl give it to you straight (preferably not your mother or partner).
- Your inner editor should start coming up with some answers now. Take time to plan your rewrite. Planning is hard work, but plans are liberating and so helpful. Once you know what has to be done, you can relax and have fun with it. Give yourself deadlines but make them realistic.
- Take the time that is needed to get your novel as good as you can possibly make it. Its vital to do this before you even consider submitting to a literary agent.
Great novels and great novelists are made in the rewrite. Published novelists are not just talented they also have stamina. Jojo Moyes (pictured) is a regular (and wonderful!) guest speaker on our Curtis Brown Creative novel-writing courses. She realised a few months back that she needed to cut 70,000 words from her novel-in-progress. Heres her blog about what happened
Jojo Moyes's latest best-selling novel, Me Before You is a 2012 Richard & Judy Bookclub choice.


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Game Crew
Back Row: Matt Rypien, Katie Glynn, Evan Kent
Middle Row: David Maher, Sheldon Button, Ashley Hammond, Meghan Gosse, Megan Coombs, Keely O'Brien, Sarah Power, Grant Maddigan, Aaron Churchill, Catherine Hutchens, Craig Ford, Chris Batstone, Jessica Baldwin
Front Row: Chris Glynn, Kory Harnum, Rob Adams, Buddy the Puffin, Jordan O'Rielly, Matt Drover, Ken O'Leary, Emily Warren
Missing from photo: Kenny Mahoney, Samantha Carroll-Rolo
The IceCaps Game Crew represents the St. John's IceCaps organization at games and events in the community. They are primarily responsible for making sure our fans have the best experience possible! At games, the Game Crew executes in-stands and on-ice contests, activities and promotions such as t-shirt launches, trivia contests and intermission games. The Game Crew also represents the St. John's IceCaps organization at various events and appearances in the community, such as charity functions, fan development events, promotional events and marketing initiatives.
Chris Batstone
Public Address Announcer
A native of Grand Falls-Windsor, Chris has been a broadcaster since the age of 14 and has been on the air in the metro region professionally since he was 18. Chris has worked just about every format and job in radio. He was an original and is a current member of the roster at 97-5 K-Rock. Chris has been the voice of Mile One Centre since 2003 including being the voice of the St. John's Maple Leafs, St. John's Fog Devils and now the St. John's IceCaps. He has voiced countless Hockey Canada tournaments, NHL exhibition games, Herder Memorial Championships and recently Kraft Hockeyville plus its surrounding events.
Jessica Baldwin
Game Day Host
Jessica was born in Fredericton, NB and lived in Dartmouth, NS before moving to Newfoundland in 2005. In October of 2012, she became the In-Stand Announcer for the St. John's IceCaps after working as a Game Crew member during the team's inaugural season. She has always had a passion for broadcasting and public speaking as she was the voice of the "Summer on the Coast" promotion with Coast 101-1 FM Broadcasting in 2010. And in 2008, she won her first pageant within her hometown of Carbonear, NL. In April 2012, Jessica received her Bachelor of Arts degree in Communication Studies from Memorial University of Newfoundland and now works as the Communications & Partnerships Coordinator for Skills Canada- NL division.
Sheldon Button
IceCaps DJ
Originally a "shore boy", Sheldon is from Mobile on the Southern Shore where he grew up playing hockey. He fell in love with music as a toddler as his parents would always play records. His love of music and radio took him to Halifax where he became a graduate from the Atlantic Broadcasting Institute, getting his feet wet in audio and television production. He is currently a Producer at Steele Communications where you can hear him voice hundreds of commercials for stations like VOCM, Hits FM, and K-Rock. He is an on-air announcer for 103.9FM KIXX Country in Carbonear and hosts various live events throughout the city of St. John's. His love of hockey and music is now combined as he plays your tunes throughout each IceCaps home game.


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Richard Lawson Done With Gawker
The Gawker blogger, who rose from the ranks of the advertising department and into editorial, will stick around through the end of July; he will then leave the very popular website a safe space free of gays for the first time in some years. Related! By our rough calculations, Lawson is the first person to actually quit a media job in the calendar year 2009.


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Infant and Baby Sandals (sizes 0-4.5)
Find summertime sandals and flip flops for your infant baby girl. Sophias Style has great prices on baby sandals, infant girl sandals and more!
Matte Tangerine Flower Applique Adjustable Velcro Sandals Girls 1-7
Our Price: $34.99
Get a great deal on infant girl sandals and girls sandals from Sophias Style boutique.


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tywalker26's Mom Answers Activity
My husband wants sex, but I don't. What should I do?
Most recent answer (09/01/2014):
LOOK AT IT THIS WAY, HONEY, IF YOUR HUSBAND STILL FINDS YOU DESIREABLE EVEN THOUGH YOU THINK YOU ARE FAT AND UGLY, THEN YOU NEED TO REASO...posted by MAMASGIVINGBIRTH
How many moms are having surprise babies?
Most recent answer (01/09/2010):
No, you are not alone! My husband and I tried to get pregnant for 2 years and it didn't happen. My doctor suggested we may need to try fe...posted by prayingformybaby!


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Paget's Disease
- Home
- Health Information
- Paget's Disease
(Osteitis Deformans)
|Normal Bone Structure
|Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.
Risk Factors
- Having a family history, especially in a parent, sibling, or child
- Smoking
- Chronic bone pain, especially legs, hips, or spine
- Swelling or deformity of a limb
- Broken bones
- Bowing of a limb
- Damaged cartilage in the joints
- Increased head size
- Headaches
- Facial pain
- Hearing loss
- Pain medications, such as acetaminophen or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- Bisphosphonates to prevent the loss of bone mass
- Calcitonin to regulate calcium levels and assist in the bone building process
- Bone fracture
- Severe degenerative arthritis
- Bone deformity
- Taking calcium and vitamin D supplements
- Regular exercise to maintain skeletal health, joint mobility, and normal body weight
- Avoidance of excess mechanical stress on involved bones
- A splint for an area at high risk for fracture
NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases National Resource Center http://www.niams.nih.gov
The Paget Foundation http://www.paget.org
The Arthritis Society http://www.arthritis.ca
Osteoporosis Canada http://www.osteoporosis.ca
Albagha OM, Genetic Determinants of Paget's Disease (GDPD) Consortium. Genome-wide association identifies three new susceptibility loci for Paget's disease of bone. Nat Genet. 2011;43(7):685-689.
Michou L, Brown JP. Emerging strategies and therapies for treatment of Paget's disease of bone. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2011;5:225-239.
Paget disease of bone. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed. Updated November 26, 2014. Accessed June 22, 2015.
Schneider D, Hofmann MT, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of Paget's disease of bone. Am Fam Physician. 2002;15;65(10).
What is Paget's disease of bone? NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases National Resource Center website. Available at: http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health%5FInfo/Bone/Pagets/pagets%5Fdisease%5Fff.asp. Updated November 2014. Accessed June 22, 2015.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: John C. Keel, MD
- Review Date: 06/2015 -
- Update Date: 06/22/2015 -


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Two men have been charged in connection with a fatal shooting in South Bend late Wednesday night.
Michael Jackson, 40, is dead and two others are injured following an apparent home invasion near the Notre Dame campus.
Police charged 28-year-old Mario McGrew and 36-year-old Shawn Alexander with felony murder and burglary.
Alexander was still on the loose until late Friday afternoon when South Bend Police issued an update on Twitter, saying:
Shawn Alexander, final suspect wanted in the latest local homicide has just turned himself in at the SBPD Front Desk.
The home invasion and shooting happened in the 18000 block of Warrick Street. It is just east of Notre Dame campus and Twyckenham road.
CLICK HERE for a map
According to the St. Joseph County Sheriff's Department, the call came in just after 10 Wednesday night.
When police got there they found Jackson dead from multiple gunshots.
The homeowner, Robert Carrico, was found alive but suffering from multiple gun shots. He was taken to the hospital.
According to the prosecutor's office, McGrew entered the home under the pretext of wanting to buy marijuana. Then Alexander and Jackson forced their way into the home after him. The prosecutor says McGrew, Alexander and Jackson had planned to steal marijuana and other items from Carrico during the drug deal -- that Jackson held a gun on Carrico, who pulled his own gun and shot Jackson when he was distracted.
Carrico also shot McGrew in the chest, according to the prosecutor's office. McGrew fled the home with Alexander, who drove McGrew to the hospital. Police questioned McGrew there and he eventually admitted to his part in the crime.


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Past Group members
Zarifi Masri
Zarifi was born in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam. He graduated from University of Nottingham with a BSc degree in Physics in 2004. In 2006, he received an MSc degree in Materials Physics and Applications from Loughborough University. His MSc research project focused on the investigation of high strain rate deformation behaviour of Nickel-Titanium shape memory alloy. He joined Prof. Ifor Samuel's group in October 2010 to pursue a PhD on exciton diffusion and charge transport in organic solar cells. Zarifi's other interests are playing football, badminton and squash.
Alex Ward
Alex was born in a village near Cambridge. In 2010 he graduated from Imperial College London with an MSci in Chemistry. For his year-long masters project, under the supervision of Dr Saif Haque, he studied a novel chemical process to manufacture cadmium sulphide inorganic nanocrystals directly within a semiconducting polymer, in the solid state. The optimisation of such a technique, it was hoped, would lead to increased efficiencies in hybrid polymer-nanocrystal solar cells. In 2010 he joined the Organic Semiconductor Optoelectronics group at St Andrews and is investigating using photophysical techniques to calculate exciton diffusion lengths in organic semiconductors. In his spare time he enjoys going to gigs, drinking ale, playing squash and running.
Dr Emiliano Rezende Martins
Emiliano is from Ituiutaba, Brazil. He graduated in Electrical Engineering from the University of Sao Paulo in 2005. Following this he received his MSc in Electrical Engineering in 2008 from the same university, with a thesis topic on modelling of the supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fibres. He then joined the Erasmus Mundus Masters of Photonics in 2008. In the first year of this master he studied at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm and then moved to the University of St Andrews for his second year. He completed his master in 2010 with a thesis on microstructured silicon solar cells. Emiliano joined the Organic Semiconductor Optoelectronics group in 2010 under the supervision of Prof. Ifor Samuel to pursue his PhD on microstructured organic semiconductors.
Calvyn Howells
Calvyn was born in Johannesburg, South Africa. He graduated from the University of Strathclyde with a MSci in Physics. During his undergraduate studies he conducted two research projects. The first, was on the topic of Non-volatile two colour holographic data storage at the University of Muenster, Germany. The second, which was for his MSci degree, investigated the effects of BEC distributed uniformly in potentials created by counter propagating lasers. On completion of his studies at Strathclyde he began a PhD within the Organic Semiconductor Optoelectronics group, where he is investigating, under the supervision of Prof. Ifor Samuel and Dr Graham Turnbull organic solar cell fabrication.
Dr Qin Xue
Qin received her BSc, MSc and PhD degrees from Jilin University, Changchun, China. From 2008 to 2011, she studied and undertook research on OLEDs in the State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University. Her research focused on improving the performance of blue and then white OLEDs. Since July 2011, she has been appointed as a lecturer working for College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University. Under the sponsorship of China Scholarship Council, now Qin is a visiting scholar in Prof. Samuel's group and investigating the photophysics of OLEDs.
Dr Pascal Andre
Pascal completed his Ph.D at the Universite Pierre & Marie Curie in Paris and the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique in Saclay. He next moved to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and joined the Organic Semiconductor Centre in October 2004 as a postdoctoral researcher. In October 2006 Pascal started a SUPA Advanced Research Fellowship at the University of St Andrews. His interests in Physical-Chemistry include the colloidal syntheses and the design of hybrid nanomaterials.
Dr Neil Montgomery
Neil graduated from the Lancaster University in 2008 with an Mphys in Physics. For his master's project, he completed an investigation into the study of propagation and decay of quantum turbulence in superfluid helium-4. He joined St Andrews in September 2008 to start a PhD on polymer lasers under the supervision of Prof. Ifor Samuel and Dr Graham Turnbull. In 2012 Neil began working at the UK patent office as an examiner.
Dr Yue Wang
Yue was born in Hubei China in 1985. She graduated from the East China Normal University in Shanghai with BEng degree in Electronic Science & Technology in 2007. The following year she went on to receive an MSc degree in Photonics and Optoelectronic Devices jointly from the Universities of St Andrews and Heriot Watt. In September 2008 she joined the Organic Semiconductor Optoelectronics group to start a PhD under the supervision of Dr Graham Turnbull and Prof. Ifor Samuel. Her PhD research was on developing organic laser fabrication by nanoimprint lithography. In 2012 Yue completed her PhD and successfully won a EPSRC Doctoral Prize Fellowship to develop a novel multifunctional explosive sensing array here in the group.
Dr Joe Crayston
Joe studied for his BSc at the University of Cambridge and completed his PhD at the University of Nottingham. His research interests include the synthesis of novel light emitting polymers and materials for solar cells. Joe leads the "Crayston Research Group".
Dr Salvatore Gambino
Salvatore Gambino received his first degree (MSc degree) in "Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering" from the University of Palermo (Italy) in 2001. The following year he was an INFM fellow at ENEA Research Center (Rome), working on realisation and characterisation of organic LEDs. Then he moved to the University of Palermo where he started his PhD working on charge transport properties of organic semiconductors using time of flight techniques. During his PhD he joined the Organic Semiconductor Centre here in St Andrews to carry out his research in collaboration with Prof. Ifor Samuel. In 2006 he received his PhD from the University of Palermo. The same year he was appointed research fellow at the department of Electronic Engineering (University of Palermo) working on organic solar cells. In 2008 he rejoined the Organic Semiconductor Optoelectronics group in St Andrews working on realisation and characterisation of dendrimer based organic light emitting diodes. In 2012 Salvatore took up a new position at the The Italian Institute of Technology.
Dr Georgios Tsiminis
Georgios was born in Athens, Greece where he completed his undergraduate studies at the National Technical University of Athens with a Major in Applied Physics in 2004. In September of the same year he started the MSc in Photonics and Optoelectronic Devices at the University of St Andrews and Heriot-Watt University. He completed the course with distinction and joined the Organic Semiconductor Optoelectronics group for his PhD (one- and two-photon pumped organic semiconductor lasers) under the supervision of Dr Graham Turnbull and Prof. Ifor Samuel. In 2009 he became a research fellow in the the Organic Semiconductor Optoelectronics group working on UV-nanoimprint lithography for organic semiconductor lasers as part of the HYPIX project. In October 2011 Georgios moved to the Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing at the University of Adelaide as an ARC Super Science fellow to work on detection of trace quantities of explosives.
Dr Jack Levell
Jack studied for his undergraduate degree at Churchill College, Cambridge and graduated in 2007. His masters project involved modelling charge transport in TiO2 nanoparticles with Neil Greenham at the Cavendish laboratory there. In September 2007 he joined Ifor Samuel's group at the University of St Andrews to research optoelectronic devices for his PhD.
His work included the photophysical investigation of new materials and making organic light emitting diodes. He has worked on phosphorescent polymer dendrimer materials with high viscosity for ink jet printed light emitting diodes and the development of a solution processable enhancement layer for efficient ultraviolet photodetectors made from silicon. Jack completed his PhD in 2011 and took up a research position on organic electronics with the Holst Centre in Eindhoven.
Amy Illingworth
Amy was born in Penrith, Cumbria. In September 2004 she started at the University of Sheffield to study for an MPhys degree. This included studying abroad at the University of Alberta, Canada and a final year project on polymer optoelectronics with Professor David Lidzey. In September 2009 she joined Professor Ifor Samuel's group, looking at exciton diffusion and the morphology of organic photovoltaics. Her other interests include rock climbing and mountaineering. In 2011 Amy began a career in the financial services inductry, training in actuarial studies.
Dr Ying Yang
Ying was born in Guangzhou China and graduated with a BSc degree in Physics with a major in microelectronics from Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University. She pursued her education with a Master degree in Photonics & Optoelectronics Devices held by St Andrews and Heriot-Watt Universities. In 2006, Ying joined the Organic Semiconductor Optoelectronics group and the OSC to start a PhD under the supervision of Prof. Ifor Samuel and Dr Graham Turnbull. Her research involved the study of LED pumping methods in organic lasers. In 2011 Ying took up a postdoctoral research position at Imperial College in London.
Dr Ajay Pandey
Ajay was born in Ballia in India. He obtained a M.Sc in Physics from the University of Allahabad and the M.Tech in Laser Science and Applications from the Devi Ahilya University of Indore. With a short stay at the Indian Institute of Technology in Kanpur as a research engineer he moved to obtain a PhD with Prof. Jean-Michel Nunzi at Laboratory POMA, Angers in France. His doctoral work was on the study of physics and models of plastic solar cells. He joined us as a research fellow in May 2007 and currently worked on dendrimer based photodiodes and solar cells. In 2010 Ajay took up a postdoctoral research position with Paul Burn's group in Queensland, Australia.
Dr Jennifer Amey
Jennifer obtained her degree, Chemistry with Industrial Experience, from the University of Wales, Bangor. In 2005, she obtained her PhD from the same University working on microencapsulation techniques and homogeneous catalysis. She joined the OSC to work on fluorescent nanoparticles with Profs. David Cole-Hamilton and Ifor Samuel.
Dr Paul Shaw
Paul graduated from the University of Manchester in 2001 with an Mphys in Physics and Astrophysics. He worked for a year with the Royal Bank of Scotland in Edinburgh before leaving to join the DisplayMasters Msc at the University of Dundee in 2004. Through this course Paul became very interested in OLEDs and completed an industrial placement with CDT Ltd, working on the benchmarking of OLED displays. He joined the department at St Andrews in September 2005 to start a PhD on polymer photophysics under the supervision of Prof. Ifor Samuel. Paul successfully completed his PhD in May 2009 and has now taken up a postdoctoral research position with Paul Burn's group in Queensland, Australia.
Dr Mario Giardini
Dr Mario E. Giardini graduated and received his PhD in Electronic Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Pavia, Italy. He has been a Research Scientist for the National Institute for Physics of Matter (INFM, Italy), where he developed instruments, devices and technologies for a diverse range of mainly biomedical and biotechnological applications. His research has implied a framework of constant contact with industry, including three years as head of the R&D activities of a leading microscope manufacturer. He joined Ifor Samuel's team to work on forensic applications of fluorescence detection. In 2009 Mario left the group and has moved a short distance within the School of Physics and Astronomy to work at the interface of biology and photonics.
Dr Sarah Martin
Sarah grew up in Greece and Germany, and studied physics, materials science and geology at Newnham College, Cambridge. For her MSci project she worked on organic transistors with Henning Sirringhaus, and loved it. After graduating in June 2004 she spent 2 months at the RIKEN institute in Japan on a JISTEC-REES Fellowship investigating the mobility of polymers, and travelling. She moved to St Andrews to work on an interdisciplinary PhD with Ifor Samuel and Ron Hay in September of that year. Her work formed part of the Biophotonics Collaboration research, and included investigating resonance energy transfer (FRET) in fluorescent proteins. In 2008 Sarah took up a posdoctoral position at the University of Edinburgh.
Dr Stuart Stevenson
Stuart graduated with a MEng (Hons) degree in Semiconductor Engineering from the University of Dundee, Scotland, in 2004. He joined the Polymer Optoelectronics group at the University of St Andrews, Scotland, working towards a Ph.D. in organic physics. His research interests included the study of charge transport and photo-physics in dendrimer OLED devices.
Dr Elizabeth A. Thomsen
Elizabeth graduated in 2003 from the University of Queensland, Australia with a B.Sc. (Hons) in Physics. The following year she continued there as a research assistant working on quantum dot fabrication and spectroscopy. She joined the polymer optoelectronics group in September 2004 to start a PhD under the supervision of Prof. Ifor Samuel. Her research involved characterisation and improvement of organic photovoltaics.
Dr Ruth Harding
Ruth graduated with a first class MSci in Physics from Queen Mary and Westfield College, London in 2000. She completed a PhD in Physics at Kings college London in 2004 under the supervision of Gordon Davies on using photoluminescence (PL) to characterise ion implantation defects in silicon. She moved to St Andrews in November 2004 to work on the photo physics of light emitting dendrimers. In 2008, Ruth won a sponsored position to train as a medical physics specialist in Manchester.
Dr Paul Marsh
Paul was educated at Loughborough, Heriot-Watt and St Andrews Universities graduating with a 1st class honours degree in Physics, a MSc. in laser engineering and applications and a PhD in VUV gas lasers and high voltage technology respectively. Subsequently employed at British Aerospace, later to become BAE SYSTEMS, he specialised in high power RF technology and directed infrared countermeasures. After three years, interest in the commercial sector initiated a move to the applications group at the Institute of Photonics where his prime interests were multi-photon imaging, adaptive optics, micro-machining and laser engineering. In February 2005, he joined Ifor Samuel's group conducting research into optoelectronics in the healthcare environment. In 2008 Paul moved a short distance within the School to undertake research with the Millimetre Wave & EPR Group.
Dr Jean-Charles Ribierre
Jean-Charles was born in Caen in France. He obtained a Msc in Physics from the University of Caen and the DEA Photonics and Image from the Louis Pasteur University of Strasbourg. Then, he started a PhD with Dr. Alain Fort at the IPCMS/GONLO on the influence of the viscoelastic properties on the orientational dynamics of push-pull chromophores in photorefractive guest-host polymers. After finishing his PHD, he moved to Japan for 1 year to work as JSPS postdoctoral research fellow at the Supramolecular Science Laboratory of Dr. Tatsuo Wada in RIKEN. He worked there on the optoelectronics properties of liquid carbazole based materials. He took up his position with us in May 2004 and worked on the light emitting dendrimer film morphology and interfacial interactions. In 2007, Jean-Charles returned to Japan and is currently a researcher at RIKEN.
Dr Olivier Gaudin
Olivier studied at the University of Nantes in France where he obtained a Master's degree in Physics and a DEA (Diploma of Advanced Studies) in Materials Physics. He then moved to the UK where he joined the Diamond Electronics Group in the Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering at University College London (UCL), first as a Ph. D. student and then as a research fellow. Olivier's research activities at UCL were focused on the investigation of defect states within a range of carbon-based electronic materials and devices, such as polycrystalline CVD diamond deep UV photodetectors, hydrogenated and phosphorous-doped diamond, and polymer light emitting diodes. Olivier received a Ph. D. degree from UCL in 2002 for a thesis on "Defects within Carbon-Based Electronic Materials". He joined the Polymer Optoelectronics Group at the University of St Andrews as a research fellow to work on polymer solar cells. In 2007 Olivier left the group to work for Thorn Light.
Dr Andreas Vasdekis
Andreas graduated from the Department of Physics of the National University of Athens in 2002. He obtained an MSc (distinction) in Photonics and Optoelectronic Devices from the Universities of St Andrews and Heriot Watt. His MSc dissertation was completed in CNRS/LPN Photonic Devices for Telecoms Applications Group in Paris in September of 2003. In October of the same year he began working on his PhD thesis in polymer laser microcavities and photonic crystal devices under the supervision of Dr Graham Turnbull and in collaboration with the Photonic Crystal group. In 2007 he joined the Optics Laboratory at the Ecole Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne.
Dr Scott Richardson
Scott was born in near the Scottish border in Berwick Upon Tweed. He received an MSci degree in Astrophysics from the University of St Andrews in 2001. After spending two years working within the IT industry in London, Scott returned to St Andrews to study for his PhD in the field of polymer optoelectronics.
Dr Yim Fun Loo (Annie)
Annie graduated from the University of Dundee in 1999 with a 1st class honours in Electrical and Electronics Engineering and in 2003 with a PhD in Organic Thin film research. In October 2003, she took up the Postdoctoral research assistant position at the University of Liverpool working on new materials to replace silicon oxide for the continuous scaling down of devices. She moved to St Andrews in July 2005 to take up a research fellow position at the Organic Semiconductor Centre working on photodiode and field effect transistors using new types of dendrimers. Outside of work, she likes hillwalking, skiing & badminton. In 2006 Annie started working at Molecular Vision.
Dr Andy Lewis
Andy was born in 1979 in Birkenhead, Merseyside but grew up in Lancashire. Educated at Bolton School from 1990-1997, he then moved to the University of St Andrews and obtained his B.Sc. Physics degree (2001) and a M.Sc. in Photonics and Optoelectronics (2002). He then joined our group for a PhD on characterisation and improvement of organic photovoltaics using both polymers and dendrimers under the supervision of Prof. Ifor Samuel. Andy's interests outside of the lab include music, computing, sport and theatre. In 2006, Andy started work at Qinetiq.
Dr Mark Goossens
Mark graduated with a MSci (Hons) in Astrophysics from the University of St Andrews in 2001. The following year he went on to receive a MSc degree in Photonics and Optoelectronic Devices jointly from the Universities of St Andrews and Heriot Watt. In September 2002 Mark joined the Polymer Optoelectronics group to start a PhD under the supervision of Prof. Ifor Samuel. His research involves studying the photophysics of organic materials and devices using ultrafast spectroscopy. In 2006, Mark started work at Edinburgh Instruments.
Dr Chris Yates
Chris studied at Imperial College, London, obtaining a first class honours degree in Chemistry in 1996. He completed a Ph.D. in 2000, studying phase stabilisation of lyotropic liquid crystal structures. Thereafter he joined CRL-Opto in Scotland, working on the development of high resolution ferroelectric liquid crystal microdisplays. In 2003 he joined the research group of Professor Gerd Heppke at the Technische Universitat, Berlin, as a European Research Fellow, studying ferro and antiferroelectric liquid crystals. Chris joined the group in January 2004, and worked towards increasing the extraction of light from OLED devices. In December 2005 Chris started working for Micro Emissive Displays.
Dr Raghu Bera
Raghu received his Ph.D. in 1999 on electrical properties of organic semiconductors from the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Calcutta, India. From 2000-2003 he was a STA Fellow and postdoctoral researcher at the Nanotechnology Research Institute and Photonics Research Institute at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan. There, he working on optical properties of materials and OLEDs. Raghu joined the group in 2003 and worked on dendrimer photophysics and devices.
Dr Miguel Camacho-Lopez
Miguel received his PhD in physics in 2002 from Heriot-Watt University studying the picosecond third-order nonlinearities and all-optical potentiality of devices containing polydiacetylenes. In December 2000 he joined the Liquid Crystal Institute at Kent State University (Ohio, USA) as a postdoctoral fellow to work with Prof. Peter Palffy-Muhoray on the opto-mechanical properties of liquid crystal eleastomers. In March 2002 he joined the Polymer Optoelectronics Group at the University of St Andrews as a postdoctoral research fellow to work with Prof. Ifor Samuel and Prof. James Ferguson (Photobilology Unit Ninewells Hospital, Dundee) in a project financed by Scottish Enterprise to develop a novel organic light emitting polymer device to be used in Photodynamic Therapy to treat different types of skin diseases, including skin cancer. He now works at the Autonomous University of the State of Mexico.
Dr Phillip Wood
Phillip was born in Ascot in the UK. He obtained a first-class MSci in Physics from the University of Durham and started a PhD there with Ifor Samuel investigating conjugated polymers and oligomers there. He moved to St Andrews with Ifor and obtained his PhD in March 2002. He was also employed as the coordinator of the Organic Semiconductor Centre.
Dr Alison Carleton
Alison studied at the University of St Andrews and received her degree in Physics in 1998, an MSc in Optoelectronic and Laser Devices in 1999 (A jointly ran course with Heriot-Watt University) and her PhD on continuous-wave, intracavity optical parametric oscillators in April 2004. She joined Ifor Samuel's group in November 2002 as a postdoctoral research fellow and investigated microstructured polymer lasers, concentrating on circular distributed feedback lasers.
Dr Ebinazar Namdas
Ebinazar studied at the University of Bombay in India where he obtained a Ph.D on Solid State Dye Lasers. After finishing Ph.D, he moved to Hong Kong for a year at the Chinese University of Hong Kong to study dye doped sol-gel materials and then to Sweden for two years at Lund University to study conjugated polymers. He joined St Andrews University in 2001 to work on light emitting dendrimers. Ebinazar is currently a researcher at the University of California: Santa Barbara.
Dr Justin Lawrence
Justin graduated in 1998 from the University of Dublin with a B.Sc (Hons) in Applied Sciences. From 1998-2000 completed a M.Phil at the Dublin Institute of Technology. He spent part of 1999 as a researcher in the University of Liege in Belgium. Justin joined the Polymer Optoelectronics group in September 2000 as a PhD student under the supervision of Prof. Ifor Samuel. His research topic included: Optical amplification and lasing in conjugated polymers and novel semiconducting dendrimers. Fabrication of wavelength scale microstructure by soft lithography and its application to organic semiconductors. He received a PhD in 2004 and moved on to Clemson University in South Carolina. Justin has subsequently moved to Bangor University as a lecturer.
Dr Jonathan Markham
Jon was born in 1977 in Dewsbury, West Yorkshire. In late 1996 he began a Physics degree at the University of Durham, graduating in 2000 with an Msci (Hons) in the subject. A successful research based fourth year undergraduate project into the time resolved behaviour of light emitting polymers supervised by Prof. Ifor Samuel encouraged him to further his studies and undertake a PhD investigating these materials at the University of St Andrews, under the same supervision. His work involved probing the interfacial interactions of polymer materials with Indium Tin Oxide in LED contacts, with an aim to improve device efficiency and quality. Jon received his PhD in 2004 and now works in London as a patent agent.
Dr Steven Magennis
Steven was born in Edinburgh in 1974, spending his childhood in nearby Dalkeith. He studied at the University of Edinburgh and received a first class degree in chemistry in 1996 and a PhD in 2000, the latter for work on the synthesis and photoluminescence of lanthanide complexes. Steven took up his present position as a postdoctoral research fellow in St Andrews at the beginning of 2001 and and investigated the nature of the light-emitting species in conjugated polymers. Steven is now an EPSRC Advanced Fellow at the University of Manchester.
Prof. John Lupton
John studied physics at the University of Durham and joined Ifor for his PhD in late 1997. His doctoral work focused on the charge transport and photophysics of novel dendrimers for LEDs, but also covered general aspects on the optical and electrical properties of polymer LEDs. His research in Durham was augmented by extended stays with Heinz Baessler in Marburg, Germany, and Shaul Mukamel in Rochester, US. He followed Ifor to St Andrews in 2000 to take up a position as a postdoctoral research fellow. In 2001 he moved to the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research in Mainz, Germany, where he held a position as project leader in Gerhard Wegner's department, working on ultrafast photoluminescence and electroluminescence spectroscopy of conjugated polymers. In 2002 he was appointed assistant professor at the University of Munich, where he focused on single molecule spectroscopy of conjugated polymers, triplet spectroscopy of polymer LEDs, and the photophysics of novel inorganic nanocrystal quantum dots. John is now a professor of Physics at the University of Utah.