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Chapter 14. Attention and Consciousness
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By AMY HARMON Some neuroscientists believe it may be possible, within a century or so, for our minds to continue to function after death — in a computer or some other kind of simulation. Others say it's theoretically impossible, or impossibly far off in the future. A lot of pieces have to fall into place before we can even begin to start thinking about testing the idea. But new high-tech efforts to understand the brain are also generating methods that make those pieces seem, if not exactly imminent, then at least a bit more plausible. Here's a look at how close, and far, we are to some requirements for this version of "mind uploading." The hope of mind uploading rests on the premise that much of the key information about who we are is stored in the unique pattern of connections between our neurons, the cells that carry electrical and chemical signals through living brains. You wouldn't know it from the outside, but there are more of those connections — individually called synapses, collectively known as the connectome — in a cubic centimeter of the human brain than there are stars in the Milky Way galaxy. The basic blueprint is dictated by our genes, but everything we do and experience alters it, creating a physical record of all the things that make us US — our habits, tastes, memories, and so on. It is exceedingly tricky to transition that pattern of connections, known as the connectome, into a state where it is both safe from decay and can be verified as intact. But in recent months, two sets of scientists said they had devised separate ways to do that for the brains of smaller mammals. If either is scaled up to work for human brains — still a big if — then theoretically your brain could sit on a shelf or in a freezer for centuries while scientists work on the rest of these steps. © 2015 The New York Times Company
Keyword: Learning & Memory; Consciousness
Link ID: 21407 - Posted: 09.14.2015
Neel V. Patel The concept of the insanity defense dates back to ancient Greece and the Roman Empire. The idea has always been the same: Protect individuals from being held accountable for behavior they couldn't control. Yet there have been more than a few historical and recent instances of a judge or jury issuing a controversial "by reason of…" verdict. What was intended as a human rights effort has become a last-ditch way to save killers (though it didn't work for James Holmes). The question that hangs in the air at these sort of proceedings has always been the same: Is there a way to make determinations more scientific and less traditionally judicial? Adam Shniderman, a criminal justice researcher at Texas Christian University, has been studying the role of neuroscience in the court system for several years now. He explains that neurological data and explanations don't easily translate into the world of lawyers and legal text. Inverse spoke with Shniderman to learn more about how neuroscience is used in today's insanity defenses, and whether this is likely to change as the technology used to observe the brain gets better and better. Can you give me a quick overview of how the role of neuroscience in the courts, has changed over the years? Especially in the last few decades with new advances in technology. Obviously, [neuroscientific evidence] has become more widely used as brain-scanning technology has gotten better. Some of the scanning technology we use now, like functional MRI that measures blood oxygenation as a proxy for neurological activity, is relatively new within the last 20 years or so. The nature of brain scanning has changed, but the knowledge that the brain influences someone's actions is not new.
Keyword: Consciousness; Schizophrenia
Link ID: 21397 - Posted: 09.11.2015
By Steve Mirsky It's nice to know that the great man we celebrate in this special issue had a warm sense of humor. For example, in 1943 Albert Einstein received a letter from a junior high school student who mentioned that her math class was challenging. He wrote back, "Do not worry about your difficulties in mathematics; I can assure you that mine are still greater." Today we know that his sentiment could also have been directed at crows, which are better at math than those members of various congressional committees that deal with science who refuse to acknowledge that global temperatures keep getting higher. Studies show that crows can easily discriminate between a group of, say, three objects and another containing nine. They have more trouble telling apart groups that are almost the same size, but unlike the aforementioned committee members, at least they're trying. A study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA finds that the brain of a crow has nerve cells that specialize in determining numbers—a method quite similar to what goes on in our primate brain. Human and crow brains are substantially different in size and organization, but convergent evolution seems to have decided that this kind of neuron-controlled numeracy is a good system. (Crows are probably unaware of evolution, which is excusable. Some members of various congressional committees that deal with science pad their reactionary résumés by not accepting evolution, which is astonishing.) © 2015 Scientific American
Keyword: Intelligence; Attention
Link ID: 21390 - Posted: 09.09.2015
Mo Costandi In an infamous set of experiments performed in the 1960s, psychologist Walter Mischel sat pre-school kids at a table, one by one, and placed a sweet treat – a small marshmallow, a biscuit, or a pretzel – in front of them. Each of the young participants was told that they would be left alone in the room, and that if they could resist the temptation to eat the sweet on the table in front of them, they would be rewarded with more sweets when the experimenter returned. The so-called Marshmallow Test was designed to test self-control and delayed gratification. Mischel and his colleagues tracked some of the children as they grew up, and then claimed that those who managed to hold out for longer in the original experiment performed better at school, and went on to become more successful in life, than those who couldn't resist the temptation to eat the treat before the researcher returned to the room. The ability to exercise willpower and inhibit impulsive behaviours is considered to be a core feature of the brain's executive functions, a set of neural processes - including attention, reasoning, and working memory - which regulate our behaviour and thoughts, and enable us to adapt them according to the changing demands of the task at hand. Executive function is a rather vague term, and we still don't know much about its underlying bran mechanisms, or about how different components of this control system are related to one another. New research shows that self-control and memory share, and compete with each other for, the same brain mechanisms, such that exercising willpower saps these common resources and impairs our ability to encode memories. © 2015 Guardian News and Media Limited
Keyword: Attention; Learning & Memory
Link ID: 21386 - Posted: 09.08.2015
Shankar Vedantam Girls often outperform boys in science and math at an early age but are less likely to choose tough courses in high school. An Israeli experiment demonstrates how biases of teachers affect students. RENEE MONTAGNE, HOST: At early ages, girls often outperform boys in math and science classes. Later, something changes. By the time they get into high school, girls are less likely than boys to take difficult math courses and less likely, again, to go into careers in science, technology, engineering or medicine. To learn more about this, David Greene spoke with NPR social science correspondent Shankar Vedantam. SHANKAR VEDANTAM, BYLINE: Well, the new study suggests, David, that some of these outcomes might be driven by the unconscious biases of elementary school teachers. What's remarkable about the new work is it doesn't just theorize about the gender gap, it actually has very hard evidence. Edith Sand at Tel Aviv University and her colleague, Victor Lavy, analyzed the math test scores of about 3,000 students in Tel Aviv. When the students were in sixth grade, the researchers got two sets of math test scores. One set of scores were given by the classroom teachers, who obviously knew the children whom they were grading. The second set of scores were from external teachers who did not know if the children they were grading were either boys or girls. So the external teachers were blind to the gender of the children. © 2015 NPR
Keyword: Sexual Behavior; Attention
Link ID: 21374 - Posted: 09.02.2015
By LISA FELDMAN BARRETT Boston — IS psychology in the midst of a research crisis? An initiative called the Reproducibility Project at the University of Virginia recently reran 100 psychology experiments and found that over 60 percent of them failed to replicate — that is, their findings did not hold up the second time around. The results, published last week in Science, have generated alarm (and in some cases, confirmed suspicions) that the field of psychology is in poor shape. But the failure to replicate is not a cause for alarm; in fact, it is a normal part of how science works. Suppose you have two well-designed, carefully run studies, A and B, that investigate the same phenomenon. They perform what appear to be identical experiments, and yet they reach opposite conclusions. Study A produces the predicted phenomenon, whereas Study B does not. We have a failure to replicate. Does this mean that the phenomenon in question is necessarily illusory? Absolutely not. If the studies were well designed and executed, it is more likely that the phenomenon from Study A is true only under certain conditions. The scientist's job now is to figure out what those conditions are, in order to form new and better hypotheses to test. A number of years ago, for example, scientists conducted an experiment on fruit flies that appeared to identify the gene responsible for curly wings. The results looked solid in the tidy confines of the lab, but out in the messy reality of nature, where temperatures and humidity varied widely, the gene turned out not to reliably have this effect. In a simplistic sense, the experiment "failed to replicate." But in a grander sense, as the evolutionary biologist Richard Lewontin has noted, "failures" like this helped teach biologists that a single gene produces different characteristics and behaviors, depending on the context. © 2015 The New York Times Company
Keyword: Attention
Link ID: 21369 - Posted: 09.01.2015
By James Gallagher Health editor, BBC News website Close your eyes and imagine walking along a sandy beach and then gazing over the horizon as the Sun rises. How clear is the image that springs to mind? Most people can readily conjure images inside their head - known as their mind's eye. But this year scientists have described a condition, aphantasia, in which some people are unable to visualise mental images. Niel Kenmuir, from Lancaster, has always had a blind mind's eye. He knew he was different even in childhood. "My stepfather, when I couldn't sleep, told me to count sheep, and he explained what he meant, I tried to do it and I couldn't," he says. "I couldn't see any sheep jumping over fences, there was nothing to count." Our memories are often tied up in images, think back to a wedding or first day at school. As a result, Niel admits, some aspects of his memory are "terrible", but he is very good at remembering facts. And, like others with aphantasia, he struggles to recognise faces. Yet he does not see aphantasia as a disability, but simply a different way of experiencing life. Take the aphantasia test It is impossible to see what someone else is picturing inside their head. Psychologists use the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire, which asks you to rate different mental images, to test the strength of the mind's eye. The University of Exeter has developed an abridged version that lets you see how your mind compares. © 2015 BBC.
Keyword: Consciousness; Vision
Link ID: 21347 - Posted: 08.27.2015
By Elizabeth Kolbert C57BL/6J mice are black, with pink ears and long pink tails. Inbred for the purposes of experimentation, they exhibit a number of infelicitous traits, including a susceptibility to obesity, a taste for morphine, and a tendency to nibble off their cage mates' hair. They're also tipplers. Given access to ethanol, C57BL/6J mice routinely suck away until the point that, were they to get behind the wheel of a Stuart Little-size roadster, they'd get pulled over for D.U.I. Not long ago, a team of researchers at Temple University decided to take advantage of C57BL/6Js' bad habits to test a hunch. They gathered eighty-six mice and placed them in Plexiglas cages, either singly or in groups of three. Then they spiked the water with ethanol and videotaped the results. Half of the test mice were four weeks old, which, in murine terms, qualifies them as adolescents. The other half were twelve-week-old adults. When the researchers watched the videos, they found that the youngsters had, on average, outdrunk their elders. More striking still was the pattern of consumption. Young male C57BL/6Js who were alone drank roughly the same amount as adult males. But adolescent males with cage mates went on a bender; they spent, on average, twice as much time drinking as solo boy mice and about thirty per cent more time than solo girls. The researchers published the results in the journal Developmental Science. In their paper, they noted that it was "not possible" to conduct a similar study on human adolescents, owing to the obvious ethical concerns. But, of course, similar experiments are performed all the time, under far less controlled circumstances. Just ask any college dean. Or ask a teen-ager.
Keyword: Development of the Brain; Attention
Link ID: 21345 - Posted: 08.27.2015
By Simon Worrall, National Geographic How do we know we exist? What is the self? These are some of the questions science writer Anil Ananthaswamy asks in his thought-provoking new book, The Man Who Wasn't There: Investigations Into the Strange New Science of the Self. The answers, he says, may lie in medical conditions like Cotard's syndrome, Alzheimer's or body integrity identity disorder, which causes some people to try and amputate their own limbs. Speaking from Berkeley, California, he explains why Antarctic explorer Ernest Shackleton fell victim to the doppelgänger effect; how neuroscience is rewriting our ideas about identity; and how a song by George Harrison of the Beatles offers a critique of the Western view of the self. You dedicate the book to "those of us who want to let go but wonder, who is letting go and of what?" Explain that statement. We always hear within popular culture that we have to "let go," as a way of dealing with certain situations in our lives. And in some sense you have to wonder about that statement because the person or thing doing the letting go is also probably what has to be let go. In the book, I am trying to get behind the whole issue of what the self is that has to do the letting go; and what aspects of the self have to be let go of. You start your book with Alzheimer's. Tell us about the origin of the condition and what it tells us about "the autobiographical self." Alzheimer's is a very severe condition, especially during the mid- to late stages, which starts robbing people of their ability to remember anything that's happening to them. They also start forgetting the people they are close to. © 1996-2015 National Geographic Society
Keyword: Consciousness
Link ID: 21343 - Posted: 08.27.2015
By NINA STROHMINGER and SHAUN NICHOLS WHEN does the deterioration of your brain rob you of your identity, and when does it not? Alzheimer's, the neurodegenerative disease that erodes old memories and the ability to form new ones, has a reputation as a ruthless plunderer of selfhood. People with the disease may no longer seem like themselves. Neurodegenerative diseases that target the motor system, like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, can lead to equally devastating consequences: difficulty moving, walking, speaking and eventually, swallowing and breathing. Yet they do not seem to threaten the fabric of selfhood in quite the same way. Memory, it seems, is central to identity. And indeed, many philosophers and psychologists have supposed as much. This idea is intuitive enough, for what captures our personal trajectory through life better than the vault of our recollections? But maybe this conventional wisdom is wrong. After all, the array of cognitive faculties affected by neurodegenerative diseases is vast: language, emotion, visual processing, personality, intelligence, moral behavior. Perhaps some of these play a role in securing a person's identity. The challenge in trying in determine what parts of the mind contribute to personal identity is that each neurodegenerative disease can affect many cognitive systems, with the exact constellation of symptoms manifesting differently from one patient to the next. For instance, some Alzheimer's patients experience only memory loss, whereas others also experience personality change or impaired visual recognition. The only way to tease apart which changes render someone unrecognizable is to compare all such symptoms, across multiple diseases. And that's just what we did, in a study published this month in Psychological Science. © 2015 The New York Times Company
Keyword: Consciousness
Link ID: 21331 - Posted: 08.24.2015
Helen Thomson Modafinil is the world's first safe "smart drug", researchers at Harvard and Oxford universities have said, after performing a comprehensive review of the drug. They concluded that the drug, which is prescribed for narcolepsy but is increasingly taken without prescription by healthy people, can improve decision- making, problem-solving and possibly even make people think more creatively. While acknowledging that there was limited information available on the effects of long-term use, the reviewers said that the drug appeared safe to take in the short term, with few side effects and no addictive qualities. Modafinil has become increasingly common in universities across Britain and the US. Prescribed in the UK as Provigil, it was licensed in 2002 for use as a treatment for narcolepsy - a brain disorder that can cause a person to suddenly fall asleep at inappropriate times or to experience chronic pervasive sleepiness and fatigue. Used without prescription, and bought through easy-to-find websites, modafinil is what is known as a smart drug - used primarily by people wanting to improve their focus before an exam. A poll of Nature journal readers suggested that one in five have used drugs to improve focus, with 44% stating modafinil as their drug of choice. But despite its increasing popularity, there has been little consensus on the extent of modafinil's effects in healthy, non-sleep-disordered humans. A new review of 24 of the most recent modafinil studies suggests that the drug has many positive effects in healthy people, including enhancing attention, improving learning and memory and increasing something called "fluid intelligence" - essentially our capacity to solve problems and think creatively. © 2015 Guardian News and Media Limited
By PAUL GLIMCHER and MICHAEL A. LIVERMORE THE United States government recently announced an $18.7 billion settlement of claims against the oil giant BP in connection with the Deepwater Horizon oil rig explosion in April 2010, which dumped millions of barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Though some of the settlement funds are to compensate the region for economic harm, most will go to environmental restoration in affected states. Is BP getting off easy, or being unfairly penalized? This is not easy to answer. Assigning a monetary value to environmental harm is notoriously tricky. There is, after all, no market for intact ecosystems or endangered species. We don't reveal how much we value these things in a consumer context, as goods or services for which we will or won't pay a certain amount. Instead, we value them for their mere existence. And it is not obvious how to put a price tag on that. In an attempt to do so, economists and policy makers often rely on a technique called "contingent valuation," which amounts to asking individuals survey questions about their willingness to pay to protect natural resources. The values generated by contingent valuation studies are frequently used to inform public policy and litigation. (If the government had gone to trial with BP, it most likely would have relied on such studies to argue for a large judgment against the company.) Contingent valuation has always aroused skepticism. Oil companies, unsurprisingly, have criticized the technique. But many economists have also been skeptical, worrying that hypothetical questions posed to ordinary citizens may not really capture their genuine sense of environmental value. Even the Obama administration seems to discount contingent valuation, choosing to exclude data from this technique in 2014 when issuing a new rule to reduce the number of fish killed by power plants. © 2015 The New York Times Company
Keyword: Attention; Emotions
Link ID: 21280 - Posted: 08.10.2015
By John Danaher Discoveries in neuroscience, and the science of behaviour more generally, pose a challenge to the existence of free will. But this all depends on what is meant by 'free will'. The term means different things to different people. Philosophers focus on two conditions that seem to be necessary for free will: (i) the alternativism condition, according to which having free will requires the ability to do otherwise; and (ii) the sourcehood condition, according to which having free will requires that you (your 'self') be the source of your actions. A scientific and deterministic worldview is often said to threaten the first condition. Does it also threaten the second? That is what Christian List and Peter Menzies article "My brain made me do it: The exclusion argument against free will and what's wrong with it" tries to figure out. As you might guess from the title, the authors think that the scientific worldview, in particular the advances in neuroscience, do not necessarily threaten the sourcehood condition. I discussed their main argument in the previous post. To briefly recap, they critiqued an argument from physicalism against free will. According to this argument, the mental states which constitute the self do not cause our behaviour because they are epiphenomenal: they supervene on the physical brain states that do all the causal work. List and Menzies disputed this by appealing to a difference-making account of causation. This allowed for the possibility of mental states causing behaviour (being the 'difference makers') even if they were supervenient upon underlying physical states.
Keyword: Consciousness
Link ID: 21279 - Posted: 08.10.2015
April Dembosky Developers of a new video game for your brain say theirs is more than just another get-smarter-quick scheme. Akili, a Northern California startup, insists on taking the game through a full battery of clinical trials so it can get approval from the Food and Drug Administration — a process that will take lots of money and several years. So why would a game designer go to all that trouble when there's already a robust market of consumers ready to buy games that claim to make you smarter and improve your memory? Think about all the ads you've heard for brain games. Maybe you've even passed a store selling them. There's one at the mall in downtown San Francisco — just past the cream puff stand and across from Jamba Juice — staffed on my visit by a guy named Dominic Firpo. "I'm a brain coach here at Marbles: The Brain Store," he says. Brain coach? "Sounds better than sales person," Firpo explains. "We have to learn all 200 games in here and become great sales people so we can help enrich peoples' minds." He heads to the "Word and Memory" section of the store and points to one product that says it will improve your focus and reduce stress in just three minutes a day. "We sold out of it within the first month of when we got it," Firpo says. The market for these "brain fitness" games is worth about $1 billion and is expected to grow to $6 billion in the next five years. Game makers appeal to both the young and the older with the common claim that if you exercise your memory, you'll be able to think faster and be less forgetful. Maybe bump up your IQ a few points. "That's absurd," says psychology professor Randall Engle from the Georgia Institute of Technology. © 2015 NPR
Keyword: ADHD; Intelligence
Link ID: 21278 - Posted: 08.10.2015
By John Danaher Consider the following passage from Ian McEwan's novel Atonement. It concerns one of the novel's characters (Briony) as she philosophically reflects on the mystery of human action: She raised one hand and flexed its fingers and wondered, as she had sometimes done before, how this thing, this machine for gripping, this fleshy spider on the end of her arm, came to be hers, entirely at her command. Or did it have some little life of its own? She bent her finger and straightened it. The mystery was in the instant before it moved, the dividing moment between not moving and moving, when her intention took effect. It was like a wave breaking. If she could only find herself at the crest, she thought, she might find the secret of herself, that part of her that was really in charge. Is Briony's quest forlorn? Will she ever find herself at the crest of the wave? The contemporary scientific understanding of human action seems to cast this into some doubt. A variety of studies in the neuroscience of action paint an increasingly mechanistic and subconscious picture of human behaviour. According to these studies, our behaviour is not the product of our intentions or desires or anything like that. It is the product of our neural networks and systems, a complex soup of electrochemical interactions, oftentimes operating beneath our conscious awareness. In other words, our brains control our actions; our selves (in the philosophically important sense of the word 'self') do not. This discovery — that our brains 'make us do it' and that 'we' don't — is thought to have a number of significant social implications, particularly for our practices of blame and punishment.
Keyword: Consciousness
Link ID: 21276 - Posted: 08.08.2015
By Ariana Eunjung Cha Children who suffer an injury to the brain -- even a minor one -- are more likely to experience attention issues, according to a study published Monday in the journal Pediatrics. The effects may not be immediate and could occur long after the incident. Study author Marsh Konigs, a doctoral candidate at VU University Amsterdam, described the impact as "very short lapses in focus, causing children to be slower." Researchers looked at 113 children, ages six to 13, who suffered from traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) ranging from a concussion that gave them a headache or caused them to vomit, to losing consciousness for more than 30 minutes, and compared them with a group of 53 children who experienced a trauma that was not head-related. About 18 months after the children's accidents, parents and teachers were asked to rate their attention and other indicators of their health. They found that those with TBI had more lapses in attention and other issues, such as anxiety, a tendency to internalize their problems and slower processing speed. Based on studies of adults who experienced attention issues after suffering from a brain injury, doctors have theorized for years that head injuries in children might be followed by a "secondary attention deficit hyperactivity disorder." This study appears to confirm that association.
Keyword: ADHD; Brain Injury/Concussion
Link ID: 21258 - Posted: 08.04.2015
by Anil Ananthaswamy Science journalist Anil Ananthaswamy thinks a lot about "self" — not necessarily himself, but the role the brain plays in our notions of self and existence. In his new book, The Man Who Wasn't There, Ananthaswamy examines the ways people think of themselves and how those perceptions can be distorted by brain conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease, Cotard's syndrome and body integrity identity disorder, or BIID, a psychological condition in which a patient perceives that a body part is not his own. Ananthaswamy tells Fresh Air's Terry Gross about a patient with BIID who became so convinced that a healthy leg wasn't his own that he eventually underwent an amputation of the limb. "Within 12 hours, this patient that I saw, he was sitting up and there was no regret. He really seemed fine with having given up his leg," Ananthaswamy says. Ultimately, Ananthaswamy says, our sense of self is a layered one, which pulls information from varying parts of the brain to create a sense of narrative self, bodily self and spiritual self: "What it comes down to is this sense we have of being someone or something to which things are happening. It's there when we wake up in the morning, it kind of disappears when we go to sleep, it reappears in our dreams, and it's also this sense we have of being an entity that spans time." Interview Highlights On how to define "self" When you ask someone, "Who are you?" you're most likely to get a kind of narrative answer, "I am so-and-so, I'm a father, I'm son." They are going to tell you a kind of story they have in their heads about themselves, the story that they tell to themselves and to others, and in some sense that's what can be called the narrative self. ... © 2015 NPR
Keyword: Attention
Link ID: 21235 - Posted: 07.29.2015
By Ariana Eunjung Cha The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency funds a lot of weird stuff, and in recent years more and more of it has been about the brain. Its signature work in this field is in brain-computer interfaces and goes back several decades to its Biocybernetics program, which sought to enable direct communication between humans and machines. In 2013, DARPA made headlines when it announced that it intended to spend more than $70 million over five years to take its research to the next level by developing an implant that could help restore function or memory in people with neuropsychiatric issues. Less known is DARPA's Narrative Networks (or N2) project which aims to better understand how stories — or narratives — influence human behavior and to develop a set of tools that can help facilitate faster and better communication of information. "Narratives exert a powerful influence on human thoughts, emotions and behavior and can be particularly important in security contexts," DARPA researchers explained in a paper published in the Journal of Neuroscience Methods in April. They added that "in conflict resolution and counterterrorism scenarios, detecting the neural response underlying empathy induced by stories is of critical importance." This is where the work on the Hitchcock movies comes in. Researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology recruited undergraduates to be hooked up to MRI machines and watch movie clips that were roughly three minutes long. The excerpts all featured a character facing a potential negative outcome and were taken from suspenseful movies, including three Alfred Hitchcock flicks as well as "Alien," "Misery," "Munich" and "Cliffhanger," among others.
Keyword: Emotions; Attention
Link ID: 21231 - Posted: 07.29.2015
By Roni Caryn Rabin "Fat" cartoon characters may lead children to eat more junk food, new research suggests, but there are ways to counter this effect. The findings underscore how cartoon characters, ubiquitous in children's books, movies, television, video games, fast-food menus and graphic novels, may influence children's behavior in unforeseen ways, especially when it comes to eating. Researchers first randomly showed 60 eighth graders a svelte jelly-bean-like cartoon character or a similar rotund character and asked them to comment on the images. Then they thanked them and gestured toward bowls of Starburst candies and Hershey's Kisses, saying, "You can take some candy." Children who had seen the rotund cartoon character helped themselves to more than double the number of candies as children shown the lean character, taking 3.8 candies on average, compared with 1.7 taken by children shown the lean bean character. (Children in a comparison group shown an image of a coffee mug took 1.5 candies on average.) But activating children's existing health knowledge can counter these effects, the researchers discovered. In a separate experiment, they showed 167 elementary school children two red Gumby-like cartoon characters, one fat and one thin, and then asked them to "taste test" some cookies. But they also asked the children to "think about things that make you healthy," such as getting enough sleep versus watching TV, or drinking soda versus milk. Some children were asked the health questions before being given the cookie taste test, while others were asked the questions after the taste test. Remarkably, the children who were asked about healthy habits before doing the taste test ate fewer cookies — even if they had first been exposed to the rotund cartoon character. Those who were shown the rotund figure ate 4.2 cookies on average if they were asked about healthy habits after eating the cookies, compared to three cookies if they were asked about healthy habits before doing the taste test. Children who saw the normal weight character and who were asked about healthy habits after the taste test also ate about three cookies. © 2015 The New York Times Company
Keyword: Obesity; Attention
Link ID: 21228 - Posted: 07.29.2015
By Neuroskeptic According to British biochemist Donald R. Forsdyke in a new paper in Biological Theory, the existence of people who seem to be missing most of their brain tissue calls into question some of the "cherished assumptions" of neuroscience. I'm not so sure. Forsdyke discusses the disease called hydrocephalus ('water on the brain'). Some people who suffer from this condition as children are cured thanks to prompt treatment. Remarkably, in some cases, these post-hydrocephalics turn out to have grossly abnormal brain structure: huge swathes of their brain tissue are missing, replaced by fluid. Even more remarkably, in some cases, these people have normal intelligence and display no obvious symptoms, despite their brains being mostly water. This phenomenon was first noted by a British pediatrician called John Lorber. Lorber never published his observations in a scientific journal, although a documentary was made about them. However, his work was famously discussed in Science in 1980 by Lewin in an article called "Is Your Brain Really Necessary?". There have been a number of other more recent published cases. Forsdyke argues that such cases pose a problem for mainstream neuroscience. If a post-hydrocephalic brain can store the same amount of information as a normal brain, he says, then "brain size does not scale with information quantity", therefore, "it would seem timely to look anew at possible ways our brains might store their information."
Keyword: Consciousness; Learning & Memory
Link ID: 21227 - Posted: 07.29.2015


text: Home History Quote of the Day: Kofi Annan on Genocide The former United Nations secretary-general on what's behind these mass killings. By: Henry Louis Gates Jr. Posted: Jan. 5 2014 1:00 AM 0 Kofi Annan Sia Kambou/Getty Images You can find this quote from a Nobel lecture given in Oslo, Norway (2001), and others by Kofi Annan, in Bartlett's Familiar Black Quotations. Read the quote in its full context here. Henry Louis Gates Jr. is the Alphonse Fletcher University Professor and founding director of the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University. He is also the editor-in-chief of The Root. Follow him on Twitter and Facebook. Like The Root on Facebook. Follow us on Twitter. Get what we're watching delivered to your inbox everyday! Sign up for our daily video newsletter below. Powered by Livefyre 0

subset: commoncrawl


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Events in the next 7 days
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Courses and Workshops
Pick Your Poison: Mind-Altering Drugs, Malicious Microbes, and Medications
Participants in this course will gain a better understanding of which chemicals, and at what dosages, influence brain function and when we are most vulnerable to "poisoning" ourselves; unpack current scientific research around the topic; and receive resources that can inform decisions about long-term health.
Registration Closed
November 7, 14, and 21
Student Programs
Inside Your Brain
Fire up your synapses and learn about the cutting-edge field of neuroscience through hands-on experiments and innovative lab activities.
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November 8 and 15
Family and Childrens Programs
Twinkling Stars: Mythic Creatures In the Sky (Pre-K and K)
Learn how cultures around the world have been spotting animal shapes in the stars throughout history, and then see the stars that inspired the stories in the Hayden Planetarium.
Sold Out
Saturday, November 9, 2013
Members Only Programs
CANCELED: Nature Trip to Oyster Bay
Journey on a Member nature excursion to Oyster Bay, one of Theodore Roosevelt's beloved birdwatching sites.
Members Only
Sunday, November 10, 2013
Members Only Programs
Journey to the Center of the Gottesman Hall of Planet Earth (Tour)
Members, join a Museum guide in an exploration of the planet we call home.
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Members Only
Tuesday, November 12, 2013
Special Events
Alfred Russel Wallace Centenary: Natural Selection and Beyond
A special all-day program features a diverse roster of speakers on many facets of Alfred Russel Wallace's life and work.
Tuesday, November 12, 2013
Special Events
Alfred Russel Wallace and the Birds of Paradise with Sir David Attenborough
This special evening lecture features internationally celebrated wildlife filmmaker Sir David Attenborough, speaking on "Alfred Russel Wallace and the Birds of Paradise."
Sold Out
Thursday, November 14, 2013
Members Only Programs
Member Preview: The Power of Poison
See our newest exhibition, The Power of Poison, and mingle with your fellow Members at special Member preview.
Members Only
Through Sunday, August 10, 2014
Special Exhibit
The Power of Poison Exhibition
This striking new special exhibition explores both the biological basics of poison and the ways in which people have confronted its paradoxical perils and potential.


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Tips for Working Parents: Coping on the Job
Another hurdle for parents may be work. Your job can be a source of satisfaction and support, but it can also cause stress if you isolate yourself. Work together by talking with your employer, learning company policies, getting feedback, and setting up a support network.
Talk With Your Employer
Let your employer know that you like your job but you are also a parent with a family to consider. Talk openly with your supervisor. Work together to solve any conflicts between your work and your family.
Learn Company Policies
Find out about all company policies related to sick days and personal days. Can you use them when your child is sick? Ask if you can make up any lost time by taking work home, coming in early, or staying late. Is job sharing or ''flextime'' feasible?
Get Feedback
You may feel you are doing poorly (or well) on the job, when this isn't the case at all. Unless you get feedback, you'll never know for sure. Set aside time with your supervisor to discuss your performance and whether you're living up to expectations.
Set Up a Network
Your workplace can be a tremendous source of emotional and practical support. Take advantage of breaks, lunch hours, or other free time to talk to other working parents and learn from each other. It's fun and helpful to share feelings, experiences, and ideas.
Sick Child
Before your child gets sick, line up alternatives for sick-child care such as your partner, a relative, or friend. You can help avoid some sick-child calls by knowing your child care provider's policy ahead of time.
''We Forgot'' Calls
So, your child forgot his homework, lunch, or permission slip-again? Make it routine to prepare the night before; then double-check in the morning. As they get older, children can begin to assume more responsibility and prepare their own checklists.
''Latchkey'' Kids
If you have your child check in with you when he gets home from school, keep the call brief. Minimize unnecessary conversation by making up a fresh list of things for your child to do each day. Figure out beforehand what you'll do if your child doesn't call on time.
Child Care Calls
If your child care provider or school calls you, find out what the problem is and whether you can deal with it later. Explain your work situation to your child care provider and set limits as to what you consider an emergency.


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Getting around downtown for much of the day Saturday will be challenging. Streets will be blocked beginning around 9am to set-up the parade route.
The parade begins in the Horace Mann parking lot at noon and from there heads west on Jefferson to Fifth Street, turns south on 5th to Capitol and then to 6th where it returns north. The 6th Street portion of the parade will be the Family Friendly Area.
Bus traffic will be affected as well. The transfer center will be moved to 5th between Jackson and Cook.
For all the parade information, click here.
Need a free ride home, click here.


text:
Climbing for Life, Inc. is a non-profit corporation committed to providing an experience that will deeply impact the self-image of young persons at risk, and to providing them with the building blocks to carry that image into creating a positive future for themselves and their...Read More
Trust, confidence, teamwork, and commitment are qualities each participant will acquire and build on during the full-day youth courses. Indoor and outdoor programs are available throughout the year. Indoor and outdoor programs are available throughout the year. Each day long...Read More
Andrea, 2011 Summer Program Participant


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arboramans, on 26 February 2012 - 06:50 PM, said:
The crux of the skeptical argument - and the point that should be being debated is the role of feedbacks in the system......
....The direct effect of CO2 is well-established physics, based on laboratory results, and known for over a century....
.....Feedbacks are due to the ways the Earth reacts to the direct warming effect of the CO2......
....The direct effect of CO2 is well-established physics, based on laboratory results, and known for over a century....
.....Feedbacks are due to the ways the Earth reacts to the direct warming effect of the CO2......
There are elements of truth in the arguments advanced by David Evans. The direct warming effects of CO2 are only part of the picture but that part is agreed upon by even skeptical scientists. (Apparently not by denier non-scientists though.) That climate scientists agree that the amplification is ablut three is true. It might be true that some skeptics agree that the amplification should be 0.5 instead of 3.
So which is right? 3 or 0.5 or something else?
Regarding what supposed to be presented in Evans' Figure 3, comparing the predictions of a climate model in 1988 and some satellite measurements, another view is presented here: http://www.realclima...88-projections/
Also "Climate model results summarized by the IPCC in their third assessment show overall good agreement with the satellite temperature record... at : http://en.wikipedia....re_measurements
Near as I can tell, the satellite data presented by Evans isn't equivalent to what the climate models do, is a sort of apples-oranges comparison.
And so on.
Evans has advanced the main arguments shown in the Arbormans post before, with some additional material that near as I can tell doesn't make it any more relevant than before.
One really telling bit that Evans wrote is:
"On the other hand, the rise in air temperature has been greater than the skeptics say could be due to CO2. The skeptic's excuse is that the rise is mainly due to other forces – and they point out that the world has been in a fairly steady warming trend of 0.5°C per century since 1680 (with alternating ~30 year periods of warming and mild cooling) where as the vast bulk of all human CO2 emissions have been after 1945."
So Evans wrote that "other forces" have caused much of the warming that has been experienced so far.
What other forces?
What other forces?
Again, what other forces? Something magical? Wishful thinking? Prayer?
The very thing that Evans denies is my guess, the feedbacks, mainly water vapor.
Oh yes, "fairly steady warming...since 1680"?
Come on.
See: http://en.wikipedia....ick_controversy
Essentially all the warming after we started using fossil fuels extensively.
Previous discussion of Evans' arguments here: http://www.skeptical...-goes-cold.html
On David Evans: http://www.desmogblog.com/david-evans


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Classroom and Lab Activities for Teaching about Energy
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Oooh, I love this one with the eye!
Love this one much!
thank you guys! :)
have I told you how much I love your work? Thank you for creating these amazing lines
thank you, dear Anai, this means much to me! but i adore your work as well :)
Me gusta!
Incredible. Hypnotic. So well done.
wow! thank you, Cynthia for so warm words :)
this is great. just great.
:) Merci!!
Fabulous works, love your style!!
and i yours! :)
I love this!
thnx Ashley :)
See More Comments


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9 creative photo ideas to try in April
06 Shoot faces in unusual places
Sometimes, photography can take itself far too seriously. Here's a fun project that's the perfect antidote.
All you need to do is keep your eye out (and your camera to hand) for inanimate objects that feature elements forming a rudimentary face.
Two eyes and a mouth is all you need for something to qualify – a nose and ears are icing on the cake. It's not the sort of project that involves any pressure, as you can just take pictures as and when you happen to come across a suitable object.
Soon you'll be spotting the photographic potential in plugholes, curtain rails, padlocks and all manner of subjects that you'd never previously considered training your lens on.
In terms of gear, the kit lens that came with your camera will be fine for the majority of subjects, although you may need a macro lens if you want frame-filling pictures of small objects..
Get started today…
* There are many websites and blogs where you'll discover inspiration for this project – http://facesinplaces.blogspot.co.uk is a good place to start.
* Use Program mode or Aperture Priority for grab shots.
* Increase the ISO sensitivity to give you camera shake-reducing shutter speeds.
* If this fun faces project takes your fancy and you decide to go further into it, you might want to consider investing in a fast 50mm prime lens (with an aperture of f/1.8 or f.1.4) as this will give you far more flexibility when you're shooting in low light.
PAGE 1: Shoot twilight portraits
PAGE 2: Shoot still life photography with personality
PAGE 3: Shoot a film noir style
PAGE 4: Shoot quiet landscapes
PAGE 5: Shoot out of focus
PAGE 6: Shoot faces in unusual places
PAGE 7: Shoot pictures of weather
PAGE 8: Shoot wildlife with long exposures
PAGE 9: Shoot baby sheep
9 creative photo ideas to try in February
30 peculiar pictures of photographers taking pictures
DSLR Lenses: 7 questions photographers must ask about their next piece of glass


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At Premier Inn Waterloo (Westminster Bridge) is in a prime location for exploring the capital, and with skyscraper views from the 14th floor, the city is quite literally at your feet. Built on the sit...More about Premier Inn London Waterloo
This unique, 18th-century house located opposite Wimbledon Common and set within 34 acres of Cannizaro Park offers a tranquil setting, just a short distance from Central London. The hotel has undergon...More about Hotel du Vin at Cannizaro House
This establishment is conveniently located for easy access to the Queen Elizabeth II Olympic Park and central London. The accommodation is very comfortable and offers a range of amenities such as free...More about Best Western Ilford
The best of North London awaits at Premier Inn London Archway. Football fans can make it to the Emirates Stadium in no time, and the open spaces of Waterlow Park and Hampstead Heath are perfect for an...More about Premier Inn London Archway
Just a short walk from Tate Modern and Shakespeare's Globe, citizenM London Bankside is the height of urban, stylish, business-and-pleasure, boutique accommodation. From the 1 minute check-in promise ...More about citizenM London Bankside
In the centre of the West End, this boutique property offers plenty of warm, traditional hospitality. The Shaftesbury is next to two major underground stations, with comfortably sized public areas, a ...More about Shaftesbury Premier London Piccadilly
Chic and modern, this boutique-style hotel is near a number of London underground and rail stations. Public rooms include a popular bar, sited just inside the main entrance, and Sherlock's Grill, wher...More about Park Plaza Sherlock Holmes
Ideally located for access to the Olympia Exhibition Centre, the London Underground, and fashionable Kensington, the Ibis London Earls Court offers a range of well-appointed rooms with superb beds and...More about Ibis London Earls Court
Conveniently located for Kings Cross station and The City, this modern hotel offers smart, spacious air-conditioned accommodation with a wide range of facilities. There are versatile meeting rooms, a ...More about Holiday Inn London Kings Cross/Bloomsbury
Situated in the heart of Piccadilly, this well established hotel is ideally located for the West End and Theatreland. The well-equipped, air-conditioned bedrooms, varying in shape and size, are modern...More about Le Meridien Piccadilly


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May 3, 2016
He served our country with three tours in Iraq and was severely injured the second time, nearly losing his foot after being hit by and improvised explosive device.
After months of surgeries and rehabilitation, 29-year-old Corporal Wesam Mahmoud, who served at Camp Lejeune and now resides in Jacksonville, was awarded two Purple Hearts.
However, that's not all he did. Wesam also used the time recovering in the combat zone in Iraq, and here at home, to earn his masters degree online from Capella University, which led to another adventure.
Wesam was working on the web one day when something caught his eye. He noticed they were looking for three students to run the 2007 Antarctica Marathon. Even with an injured foot shattered by an explosive, Wesam applied and was picked.
Wesam will run the marathon in bitter cold Antarctica on February 28th. You can follow his progress by clicking on the following link: http://www.capella-id.com/wesam/.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


text:
Type: Improvement
Status: Resolved
Priority: Blocker
Resolution: Won't Fix
Affects Version/s: None
Fix Version/s: cave-2.3.0, 3.0.0, cellar-3.0.0
Component/s: cellar-features, karaf-feature
Our feature names are quite short (e.g. "jndi") and it seems to me this is likely to cause confusion when features get more widely adopted.
The features name should be changed to use a full qualified name (as a Felix or Karaf symbolic names best practice) eg. "org.apache.karaf.feature.jndi"
Issue Links
- blocks
KARAF-834 Upgrade to Spring 3.0.6 - in std. features.xml
- Closed
- is duplicated by
KARAF-1063 establish karaf features name space
- Resolved
- All
- Comments
- Work Log
- History
- Activity
- Transitions
For now, I close this Jira, it will be re-open after discussion on the mailing list.
Rollback done: revision 1182967.
The result doesn't convince. For now, I'm reverting this change. If some feature names are ambiguous, we will change it. We can also discuss about a feature naming convention.
I close this Jira. Now, if they want, others projects (Camel, CXF, SMX, etc) can change their features to use a FQN.
Cellar trunk now uses full qualified features name (including "old" name aliases): revision 1178713.
For consistency, I renamed the feature in name by features (revision 1178708).
Added features aliases to the "old" names (revision 1178422).
For transition purpose, I'm adding features aliases to the "old" names.
I renamed the features to include "standard", "enterprise", etc. as you suggested. AFAICT this commit is complete, but then i thought the previous one was too.
I fixed the default assembly (apache-karaf): revision 1162313.
A bunch of modules have to be updated (maven plugin, others assemblies, itests).
@David, please, next time, do not perform an "incomplete" commit. I think that a commit should be atomic and fully tested. Thanks
Only change the name in the features descriptor is not enough. We have also to change others files, like the etc/org.apache.karaf.features.cfg around the bootFeatures.
I'm gonna fix it on trunk, as now it's inconsistent.
I guess that we should propose to the others projects to update their features name also. For instance, org.apache.camel.core, org.apache.camel.http, org.apache.cxf, etc.
I was expecting org.apache.karaf.feature.standard.http, more than org.apache.karaf.feature.http to contain the full qualified name.
Thanks David.
There are several project that reference Karaf features (in CXF, Camel, ServiceMix, etc).
For now, these projects use Karaf 2.2.x branch, so it's not a big deal.
I'm gonna update the sub-projects also.
I had a few minutes so I changed the names in karaf, rev 1160118. Are the names used in other subprojects e.g. cellar, cave, etc?
I noticed the feature names now look a lot like the symbolic names for the feature implementation bundles,
org.apache.karaf.feature.obr (feature)
org.apache.karaf.features.core (bundle)
The feature projects are currently located under assemblies so we might consider
although I'm fine with the shorter names I used.


text:
Edible gifts, treats and candy will be demonstrated by Liz Ross at 6 p.m. Nov. 29 at Leetonia Community Public Library.
The cost is $7 per person for supplies.
Registration is necessary; call the library at 330-427-6635 by Nov. 24.
Visit Facebook, Cooking with Liz Ross.
Use the comment form below to begin a discussion about this content.


text:
Thanks This is my code.Also I need code for adding the information on the grid and the details must be inserted in the database.
Thanks in advance
Code not working
Code not working i want to write my first applet. I wrote the java program and html code for that. while im running in appletviewer it is asking for security permissions. so, i created a policy file and linked it with html file
Thanks - Java Beginners
Thanks Hi,
This is good ok this is write code but i want to this
searching with name is ok displaying
1:-user... either same page or other page.
once again thanks
Working with Eclipse IDE - Struts
Working with Eclipse IDE hello, i am beginner to eclipse .
i want to run my first struts program in eclipse 3.2.
what are the steps for running... with struts.
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Read for more
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if i convert to struts html tags that code is not working
please help me to rectify the problem
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Struts Dear Sir ,
I am very new in Struts and want to learn about validation and custom validation. U have given in a such nice way... validation and one of custom validation program, may be i can understand.Plz
thanks - Development process
thanks thanks for sending code for connecting jsp with mysql.
I have completed j2se(servlet,jsp and struts). I didn't get job then i have learnt... guide me. i have mca degree from mdu rohtak. can i get job on basis of php
Thanks - Java Beginners
Thanks Hi,
Thanks ur sending url is correct..And fullfill requirement..
I want this..
I have two master table and form vendor... should be stored vend_id in the place of vend_name...so please write the code
very urgent, want to submit my project on monday
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Answer me ASAP, Thanks, very important
Answer me ASAP, Thanks, very important Sir, how to fix this problem in mysql
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Very Very Urgent -Image - JSP-Servlet
Very Very Urgent -Image Respected Sir/Madam,
I am R.Ragavendran.. I am working with JSP and JDBC.. In the home JSP page, there is a button... URGENT..
R.Ragavendran... Hi friend,
Struts Code - Struts
Struts Code Hi
I executed "select * from example" query and stored all the values using bean . I displayed all the records stored in the jsp using struts . I am placing two links Update and Delete beside each record .
Now I
i want immediate code - Development process
i want immediate code Basic sales tax is applicable at a rate of 10... of 5%, with no
When I purchase items I receive a receipt which lists...: 74.68
Hi friend,
Code to help in solving the problem :
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Design, develop and execute a program using any
StandardServiceRegistryBuilder not working in Hibernate 4.3.1
I don't know what is wrong with the following code:
Configuration cfg = new... there seems some error with the above code.
It will be very helpful for me...StandardServiceRegistryBuilder not working in Hibernate 4.3.1 Hi
Thanks for fast reply - Java Beginners
Thanks for fast reply Thanks for response
I am already use html for data grid but i m noot understood how to connect to the data base, and how to fetch data from table in the data grid
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I want to learn hibernate step-by-step.
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Hello Friend,
If you want to learn
thanks - Java Beginners
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i got the concept... number having a common factor other than 1 so i guess there are many
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Please please Its Very very very very very urgent...
Hii.. - Struts
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Thanks for nice responce....I will be very helpful for me using tomcat6
i want to install jdk1.5 or jdk1.6 please send me URL its very urgent Hi Soniya,
I am sending you a link. I hope
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I want to upload... application using HttpUrlConnection.
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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Java programming tutorial for very beginners
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After completing my 12th Standard in India I would like to learn Java programming language. Is there any Java programming tutorial for very beginners?
i want to copy files from one machine to other using java and the code will be running on third machine
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--of jsp page--
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text:
"Ahh-ha-ha-ha-ha!" Daughter forced a laugh, pointing at Dog, who was comfortably curled up in the old arm-chair this morning. "She licking her leg!! Ha-hahahahaha!"
Son looked at her slightly condescendingly. "That's just how dogs' lifes are," he said, with heavy emphasis on the "f" in "lifes."
Daughter didn't respond.
So he tried again. "That's just how dogs' lifes are."
No answer.
"Do you know what 'life' means?"
Still no answer
"Okay, you don't. You don't know what 'life' means. 'Life' means how you live." He waited a moment for that to sink in. "Do you know what 'how you live' means? 'How you live' means how you are." He looked in her face to see if she was comprehending all of this. "Everyone is different," he added helpfully. He allowed for another pregnant pause.
Then, satisfied that he'd explained with some useful precision why dogs lick their paws, he began clamoring for some breakfast.
Daughter still said nothing.
I pondered: paw-licking isn't funny because that's just what dogs do. Their lives are made up of little oddities like that. They lick all kinds of weird stuff. That's just how their lifes are. Of course, everyone is different, which neatly negates that generalization about dogs lifes.
But it doesn't change the patience with which he tried to explain what he assumed were difficult concepts for a three-year-old to grasp. Given that yesterday was a festival of willful not listening at our house, I'll take kind disquisitions on a dog's life quite happily as a start for the morning.
Thursday, June 4, 2009
That's Just How Dogs' Lifes Are
"Ahh-ha-ha-ha-ha!" Daughter forced a laugh, pointing at Dog, who was comfortably curled up in the old arm-chair this morning. "She licking her leg!! Ha-hahahahaha!"
14 comments:
- Marinka said...
so sweet! And I was all ready to tell you that that's not how you spell 'lives'!
- June 4, 2009 at 10:39 AM
- Don Mills Diva said...
I think you've got a budding philosopher on your hands!
- June 4, 2009 at 1:30 PM
- Momisodes said...
That is incredibly sweet. My guess is he's learned how to explain things patiently by your excellent example!
- June 4, 2009 at 3:45 PM
- MamaGeek @ Works For Us said...
Yes, I definitely think you have the next brainiac philospher in your family too! Talk about sweet!
- June 4, 2009 at 4:11 PM
- Audubon Ron said...
- June 5, 2009 at 4:46 AM
- bernthis said...
Nobody ended up in tears. Great day as far as I'm concerned
- June 5, 2009 at 7:50 PM
- Sarah@Momalom said...
My six year old has actively expanded my two year old's vocabulary over the past year. He'll say a word that he knows Max does not know and then get him to say it. "Maxie, can you say lifes?" Max attempts to say it. Big kid does that three more times and then launches into the meaning of [blank] word and I sit by with a sweet smile. This scenario that you describe is a daily function of my life: in the car, at the dining room table, in front of the tv, on the bunk beds. Thanks for the sweet reminder of that sibling thing that isn't always hits and kicks and pulling and pushing and whining and crying and....
- June 6, 2009 at 12:05 AM
- anymommy said...
I agree - it's so nice when my kids try to help each other with anything, even the details of how dogs are.
- June 6, 2009 at 11:39 AM
- Mouthy Housewife said...
Your son is very bright. If he ever decides to become a lawyer he'll be a darn good one
- June 7, 2009 at 1:22 AM
- BusyDad said...
The Socratic method is strong with this one.
- June 8, 2009 at 2:47 AM
- Red Flashlight said...
"Willful Not Listening" makes me cross.
- June 8, 2009 at 5:42 PM
- Chandra said...
What a gentle and patient "lecture" your son gave your daughter. Perhaps he has a future as a philosophy professor?
So sweet.
- June 8, 2009 at 5:44 PM
- Jaina said...
Haha, that is too cute. :)
- June 9, 2009 at 7:00 PM
- Heather of the EO said...
I love this post.
He's teaching tolerance at such a young age :)
And also...what Momisodes said!
- June 9, 2009 at 8:47 PM


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ABM Public Senior Secondary School was established in the year 2009 affiliated to CBSE as a co-educational English Medium School to provide, quality English medium education of the highest standard to the students of Faridabad, Haryana.
The School motto "THE GLOBAL LEADERS" speaks volumes about the quality of education which the school imparts and the values it stands for.
The school believes in imparting Holistic Education to the students which will lead to the development of three H's – Head. Heart & Hand, so that they could efficiently discharge their duties to themselves, to the community and to the nation as a whole.
To develop academic excellence, the school offers a wide syllabus with careful planning and guidance, and this has enabled the student's independent thinking and self-expression.
Group activities in the school inculcate in the students team spirit, feelings of patriotism and teach them values of sharing and caring.
The ideals of quality and excellence, with emphasis on human values, commitment, discipline, help to mould the student to adopt a modern, progressive and international outlook with a secular nature.
In ABM Public School,opportunity is given to each student to acquire the values and beliefs that will guide him/her throughout their life.
As a wise man said, "Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire!" We look forward to lighting the fire in our children that leads them on to wisdom and turn for the greater good of humankind....


text: I am new to cycling and me and a friend are going to attempt a cycle from london to Rome for charity. We both are students and need to buy good but cheap road bikes as we are both students and therefore limited funds. Could someone advise me if one of these two bikes would successfully get us to our destination, despite them being so cheap. We understand they won't be the best bikes in the world, but we just need something which will do the job. any help or advice would be appreciated!


text:
Did anyone notice Hartford parks made the big time in last week's USA Weekend section of the Sunday paper?
Hartford was cited as the "young means fun" place in the feature "Where The Playgrounds Are" on America's most playful cities.
KaBoom, a national non-profit dedicated to building and renovating America's playgrounds, determined the communities leading the way through its "Playful City USA" program.
As to why Hartford made the list?
"Last spring, Hartford held a six-week celebration of parks that included improvements to the city's recreational facilities," the article notes.
The article notes that nearly 45 percent of the city's population is under age 24 so play areas are a priority. Also noted, the city's Bushnell Park is the oldest publicly funded park in the USA.
Other cities cited for their parks and playgrounds include Columbus, Ohio, San Francisco, Orlando and Auburn, Wash.


text:
- Homepage >
- News Archives >
- Article
Senator, APG leaders discuss education, transportation challenges
April 19, 2011
By Mr. Dan Lafontaine (RDECOM Public Affairs)
Story Highlights
- "Harness this intellectual superpower at APG to the civilian world so we have both a safer country and a stronger economy"
- Officials discuss funding for road improvements
- BRAC moves must be complete by Sept. 15
- Senator encourages APG to strengthen ties with local educators
Related Links
ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, Md. -- Local education and transportation are continuing challenges for the Aberdeen Proving Ground workforce and their families. Military officials met with U.S. Sen. Barbara Mikulski to discuss these issues during an April 19 meeting.
Mikulski, who represents Maryland in the U.S. Senate and has for 24 years, visited the installation to discuss the effect of base realignment and closure, or BRAC, on the community and workforce.
"I want exuberance in Harford County. What is represented here is stunning," Mikulski said, referencing the science, technology and engineering jobs at APG. "Important work is being done to protect the troops, treasured allies and the homeland."
Maj. Gen. Nick Justice, senior APG commander, said BRAC is adding jobs to the local economy; however, the state of Maryland, Harford County and the installation need a long-term plan to overcome associated obstacles.
"We really are a center for science, technology and engineering. It reaches globally," Justice said, referencing the work of his fellow general officers at the meeting from the Army Test and Evaluation Command, 20th Support Command (CBRNE) and Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense. "[Harford] County is just starting to awaken to the magnitude of this."
Col. Andrew Nelson, APG deputy commander for transformation, said BRAC moves must be complete by Sept. 15. The Army is spending more than $1 billion to add about 3 million square feet of office, laboratory and testing space.
All projects are on schedule for commands to relocate, Nelson said.
However, Nelson said APG has identified seven local intersections that need upgrades, with costs to do so totaling more than $100 million.
Mikulski said competition is fierce for funding from the Defense Access Roads program, which provides infrastructure money for areas around growing military installations. National Naval Medical Center in Bethesda, Md., was recently awarded DAR funding, she said.
"We need strategic public investments tied to the state and military. [Road construction near APG] is going to take longer than we thought," Mikulski said.
Mikulski and APG leaders also agreed that Maryland and Harford County need to emphasize a robust local education system.
Deputy APG Garrison Commander Tim McNamara said he has met with Harford County Public Schools Superintendent Robert Tomback to focus on three initiatives: improve curriculum by gearing students toward APG's needs; bringing teachers into APG facilities for professional development; and broadening science, technology, engineering and mathematics, or STEM, outreach.
"We see physical infrastructure and human infrastructure, meaning educational opportunities, as our job by working with the state," Mikulski said. "Harness this intellectual superpower [at APG] to the civilian world so we have both a safer country and a stronger economy."
Mikulski encouraged APG to partner with local educators to help develop the future workforce.
"When [teachers] see the magnitude [of APG transformation], they are going to be energized because they have kids too," she said. "Everybody is wondering where their kids are going to work in the 21st century.
"There's going to be a sense of excitement. They are going to be excited to work with you because our entire future will be tied together."


text:
First Thoughts of a Mother
9 months. I waited 9 months for his arrival. He made me wait 9 months for his arrival. He was my little VIP. My son. Oh! How sweet was that word on my tongue? My son. My. Son. I'll probably never tire, saying those words. I felt like I could recite them all day long. Day after night. I hadn't seen him yet. The delivery was completely exhausting. All I heard was the doctor's exclamation "It's a boy!"
At that moment, there were two weights out of my body. One was from my stomach and another, my heart. Tears of exhaustion flooded my eyes and all I could see was a blurry bundle, when the doctor brought him closer to my eyes. I fought the fatigue that threatened to rob my chance, of the first glimpse, of my treasure. But all I could do was to inwardly cry NO! As sleep overtook my whole being.
A few hours later, I awoke. Beside my bed was a cradle that was swinging ever so slightly. And then, my proudest moment arrived. The moment, when I first set my eyes on him. He was fast asleep in the cradle. He looked so pure. He felt so clean on the outside and also the inside. I lowered a hand on his head, almost not touching it. I didn't want, me, his mother, to be the cause for his cries so soon into this world. Slowly, I brought down my hand over his chest. I could feel the steady rhythm of his tiny heart's beating. Right then, I almost cried out in happiness.
After months of making my body, his playground, I was ready to play with him in person. I was ready to stop him if he fell. I was ready to pick him up, when he would fall while crossing the obstacles in his path. He opened his eyes when I was staring unblinkingly at his face. "He has your eyes you know", said my husband.
At this moment, the boy looked up at his father. Their eye contact lasted maybe for a second. Then he looked at me, with those tiny brown eyes. We shared this moment for about 5 seconds. But for me it seemed to last an eternity. Those eyes seemed to be questioning me. Demanding answers for questions unasked. They seem to be asking for protection. Asking for love. Asking for a promise. I sandwiched his palm between my palms. I leaned closer to his ear and whispered "I promise".


text:
May 5, 2016
MOSCOW (AP) - Russia's foreign minister is rejecting U.S. demands to extradite National Security Agency leaker Edward Snowden, who has apparently stopped in Moscow while trying to evade U.S. justice.
Sergey Lavrov says Snowden hasn't crossed the Russian border and insists that Russia has nothing to do with him, his relations with U.S. justice or his travel plans.
Speaking at a news conference today, he angrily lashed out at the U.S. demands for the extradition and warnings of negative consequences if Moscow fails to comply.
Lavrov says that accusing Russia of "violation of U.S. laws and even some sort of conspiracy" with regard to Snowden is "absolutely ungrounded and unacceptable."
He wouldn't say where Snowden is. Snowden booked a Havana-bound flight from Moscow Monday but didn't show up on the plane.
Previous Story:
Aeroflot says a Cuba-bound flight for which National Security Agency leaker Edward Snowden was registered has departed from Moscow, but he has not been seen on board.
An airline representative told The Associated Press that the Havana-bound flight has left Moscow. The representative, who wouldn't give her name as she wasn't authorized to speak to the media, said Snowden wasn't on the flight.
AP reporters on the flight couldn't see Snowden in the seat he booked or anywhere else on the plane.
The airline said earlier Snowden registered for the flight using his U.S. passport, which American officials say has been annulled.
Snowden arrived in Moscow on Sunday from Hong Kong, where he had been hiding for several weeks to evade U.S. justice. Ecuador is considering Snowden's asylum application.
(Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved.)
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