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Dr. Rose's sick population concept may explain why many nutrition studies underestimate the role of diet in disease.
Broccoli: Sprouts vs. Supplements
Broccoli sprouts are compared to "Broccomax" supplements.
Dr. Rose's sick population concept may explain why many nutrition studies underestimate the role of diet in disease.
How else can we make decisions for ourselves and our families, but by the best available balance of evidence. The latest meta-analysis, pooling data from more than a dozen studies involving more than 300,000 people, indicates that there is a dose dependent association between egg consumption and the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, but that doesn't mean every individual study showed evidence of harm. Even though the totality of evidence points to harm, the egg industry can cherry-pick out studies that show no apparent effects. If eggs are harmful, why don't all the studies on heart disease and egg consumption show significant harm? It may have to do with Rose's concept of a "sick population." If an entire population is sick, then the range of "health" may not be sufficiently broad to establish a significant association. Let me explain. This is one of the most famous papers ever written in preventive medicine, should be required reading for all medical students.
Imagine if everyone smoked 20 cigarettes a day. If everybody smoked, then clinical studies, case-control studies, and cohort studies would all lead us to conclude that lung cancer was a genetic disease; and in one sense that would be true. Some smokers get cancer; others smoke their whole lives and don't, but if everybody smoked we'd never know smoking was a risk factor. Thankfully, in the case of cigarettes and lung cancer it so happened that the original study populations contained about equal numbers of smokers and non-smokers, and in such a situation, studies are able to identify the main risk factor. But take cholesterol. Here's the cholesterol levels of the people without heart disease in the famous Framingham Heart Study. And here's the cholesterol levels of those that did develop heart disease. It's hardly any different because practically everybody's cholesterol was too high, it's like everyone was a smoker. The painful truth is that even someone at quote-unquote "low risk" for heart disease, is likely to die of heart disease. Everyone who eats the standard Western diet is, in fact, a high-risk individual when it comes to heart disease.
In a sick population like ours where nearly everyone is eating lots of saturated fat and cholesterol, adding some more saturated fat and cholesterol in the form of eggs may just take us from one sorry state—probably dying from heart disease—to another sorry state—still probably dying from heart disease.
So when the federal guidelines say we need to really restrict dietary cholesterol if we're at high risk for heart disease, we need to realize that nearly all Americans that live past middle age are at high risk of dying from heart disease—it's our #1 cause of death. A 20-year old man might feel it would be safe to smoke and eat egg yolks, because his heart attack is 45 years or so in the future – but why would he want to accelerate the progression of his atherosclerotic plaque to bring it on sooner? Stopping egg yolks after the heart attack would be like quitting smoking after lung cancer is diagnosed.
There may in fact be a plateau of risk for smoking too. Whether we smoke for 25 years, or 35 years, our risk for lung cancer may be the same, really high, but about the same. So the tobacco industry could truthfully tell someone who's smoked for most of their lives, for the last 25 years, keep smoking, don't worry, you can keep smoking and your risk of lung cancer won't go up (conveniently just failing to mention that you're already at high risk and if you quit completely your risk would drop dramatically). In the same way the egg industry can design a study showing that adding eggs doesn't make much of a difference but make the same convenient omission. It's like if you took a raging drunk and had them take a shot of whiskey. In someone who's hammered, it might not make much difference, but to a teatotaler, a couple shots could have quite an effect. So it's like the alcohol industry with a group of drunks saying see, couple shots, no big deal, but that doesn't mean it's not better to be sober.
Instead of going from high risk to high risk, better to go to low risk, or no risk.
To see any graphs, charts, graphics, images, and quotes to which Dr. Greger may be referring, watch the above video. This is just an approximation of the audio contributed by Katie Schloer.
Please consider volunteering to help out on the site.
J D Spence, D J A Jenkins, J Davignon. Egg yolk consumption, smoking and carotid plaque: Reply to letters to the Editor by Sean Lucan and T Dylan Olver et al. Atherosclerosis 2013 227(1):189 – 191.
Y Li, C Zhou, X Zhou, L Li. Egg consumption and risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: A meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis 2013 229(2):524 – 530.
G Rose. Sick individuals and sick populations. International journal of epidemiology 2001 30(3):427 – 432.
V Gajalakshmi, R J Hung, A Mathew, C Varghese, P Brennan, P Boffetta. Tobacco smoking and chewing, alcohol drinking and lung cancer risk among men in southern India. Int J Cancer 2003 107(3):441 – 447.
This reminds me of what the beef industry tried to pull. See BOLD Indeed: Beef Lowers Cholesterol?
Is our diet really that bad? See Nation's Diet in Crisis.
Here are a few other important egg industry videos:
If you haven't yet, you can subscribe to my videos for free by clicking here.
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It seems that the journalist Gary Taubes twisted two of the studies of Geoffrey Rose at least for what i saw in this Plant Positive video (one is mentioned by Dr Greger):
To me is a no brainer, dietary cholesterol = the less, the better…
Anyway i start to read the CarbSane Asylum and i think is another site to read carefully…
Evelyn Kocur is a scientifically qualified blogger who happens to have a background of low carb dieting and still prefers to eat that way. However, she decries the LC/Paleo myths that abound on the Interwebs and has been debunking Gary Taubes's GCBC for a number of years and now his media-smart acolyte Nina Teicholz. Who can blame her for abhoring his abuse of nutritional and biochemical science and scientists? Not to mention accurate history.
Both she and Seth Yoder of The Science of Nutrition blog have taken on the absurd lynching party hunting for libelously hunting down every last vestige of respect for Ancel Keys and his contribution to the health of the nation, blaming him for everything from the current obesity/diabetes crisis to low-fat chocolate milk in public school cafeterias.
Despite the omnivorous viewpoint, you'll find a lot of common ground there. Feel free to congenially and respectfully read and contribute at either site.
Thanks for your opinion, i think that more qualified bloggers and health professionals i read the more i understand on this field of reasearch…
Ancel Keys — The OTHER Minnesota Study
This is a must read, considering the "Eat Butter-Scientists Were Wrong" TIME Mag cover and the whole pro-saturated fat, Keys was the devil incarnate media blitz.
I will take a look, thanks for the link !
I read the Time articles about butter and i found many errors that undermine the "eat butter" claim… so sad…
Great explanation of the impossibility of demonstrating causal associations in populations where exposure to the risk factor in question is so extensive, with no possibility of unexposed controls (as with diet and cholesterol).
I appreciate how Dr. Greger's video points out Dr. Rose's lesson that we must be critical consumers of research, regardless of quadrant. But I am
surprised Dr. Rose was able to get his peer-reviewed article accepted by his peers (i.e., the consensus worldview of editorial boards) and to such accolades, as it steps on many toes. Those who have tried to publish controversial analyses know what I mean.
Thanks to peer-reviews, only criticism that is not too critical makes it to
publication. A worthwhile statistician might note this trend as regression
toward the mean. That is to say that we may be sifting out the truly significant research and exempting it from publication because associations have the bias that peer-reviews are blinded and, therefore, without bias. However, the peer reviewers are not blinded to the content of the articles, only to the names of the authors.
Social scientists have possessed inferential statistical techniques for
decades prior to Dr. Rose's 1985 publication and a critical (knowledgeable) consumer of research could have easily sorted this out if given the journal space. Yet even today, we seem surprised to find that data were not compared correctly in these or other studies.
Indeed, it is a breach of trust for most of us consumers to learn of biased
or under-educated researchers producing fatally flawed 'research' intended to answer important questions. This includes findings from scholarly medical researchers who tend to bend –if not outright violate– the laws of inferential statistics, such as conducting too many statistical tests on a sample or using overly large or indiscriminant samples (all of which invite spurious results) and who use inferential (i.e., sampling) techniques on populations instead of properly drawn samples. Because of the high costs of funding studies, it is often tempting for researchers to squeeze every last drop of 'significant' effects out of a study. It causes me to discount a great deal of what I read. Yet, I continue to support my associations because, frankly, at least I can know what is being put out as science.
I am glad to know that considering the source is often noted on this website as a common threat to validity of published research. Understanding the publication process and political goals of the prestigious Association-based journal review boards suggests another unarticulated bias to consider. Critical independent thinkers would
do well to mix up their sources of information. Big egos and big reputations, as well as big money, drive the publish-or-perish world.
Dr. G,
I have concerns regarding B12 supplementation for some people. To begin with, concerns have been raised about B12 supplementation in those who already have prostate cancer http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/752517
And I also found the below excerpt regarding B12 with links:
The link between high levels of B12 and cancer is easy to explain. Vitamin B12 stimulates cell division and it doesn't distinguish between healthy and unhealthy cells. The excess vitamin B12 provides the extra energy needed by cancer cells.
Troubling B12 cancer connections:
One case was reported of leukemia resulting from a vitamin B12 megadose used in the treatment pernicious anemia. http://www.amjmed.com/article/0002-9343(84)90872-6/abstract
High levels of folate and B12 are associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. http://psa-rising.com/eatingwell/vb12_folate04.html
Diets high in cholesterol, animal protein and vitamin B12 have been linked to certain kinds of stomach and esophagus cancers. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2001/10/011030225654.htm
Yes, I am concerned. Grateful if you could look into this. And the more I think about, maybe what is optimal is eating small amounts of B12 containing foods (like the Japanese do!) in order to get B12. Who knows.
The short answer is to take B12 supplements but don't mega dose like some "health gurus" recommend. Take a sub-lingual supplement containing adenosylcobalamin (aka "dibencozide") and methylcobalamin once a week. Let it sit under your tongue, or between your gum and lip above your front teeth, for five minutes. Also, take selenium supplements or eat a small handful of brazil nuts or one to two tablespoons of brazil nut butter a day, and eat 3-5 grams of kelp/kombu a day. Let me explain, bear with me:
The natural source of B12 for vegans would have been lake and river water. Today, most freshwater is polluted and tap water is chlorinated. Chlorine is a B12 antagonist, so there is no B12 left in our drinking water. This is one reason why vegans need to supplement with B12, despite a plant based diet being ideal and natural. This may be why historically, vegans did not get B12 deficiencies, and vegans in developing countries drinking the natural water don't get B12 deficient until they move to "developed" nations.
Some people wonder if chlorinated water is also stripping our bodies of B12.
It certainly does in an indirect way – we have iodine receptors in every cell in our body, and the abundant chlorine, flourine and bromine in our modern environment take the place of iodine. Since iodine is the second heaviest halogen, our bodies can't displace the lighter halogens just by improving the amount of iodine we consume. We also have to consume copious amounts of selenium to remove them, while at the same time drastically improving the amount of iodine we consume. A lack of iodine also contributes to a lack of stomach acid, which is needed for the digestion of B12 (and other nutrients like zinc).
So, most people are lacking in iodine, because (a) competing halogens (including chlorine) in the modern world take its place, which causes us to have an increased need, and (b) due to intensive farming methods since the end of WWII our soil is severely depleted of iodine and selenium (among other nutrients) which makes our food deficient.
This lack of iodine is related to methyl-B12 in the following way: Iodine plays a role in B12 utilization! Iodine insufficiency = underactive thyroid = less T4 than normal, and T4 is needed not just to make T3 (another thyroid hormone), but is an integral part of converting riboflavin (vitamin B2) to its active coenzyme form "FAD" which is needed for proper methylation, which is needed to produce methylcobalamin, This is the form of B12 which is responsible for (among other things) lowering methylmalonic acid, this is what they test for in urine to test b12 status.
Since livestock are supplemented with iodine and selenium, necrotarians will be getting a bit more selenium and iodine than vegans. Fish also have some iodine. Even though some aware vegans may be occasionally consuming sea vegetables and eating one brazil nut a day, it isn't enough selenium to displace the lighter halogens, so the iodine from the sea vegetables will have little effect. I suspect a lack of iodine and selenium is the reason why vegans often have high or medium blood serum levels of B12, yet high homocysteine and methylmalonic acid levels showing a "deficiency" despite ample quantities in the blood. The conventional, unproven and untested explanation is that the B12 in vegan blood isn't "real" B12, but I think an inability to utilise B12 due to a lack of iodine and selenium is much more likely.
Not that it's *specifically* a vegan problem: according to one study nearly four out of ten necrotarians have lower than desirable B12 (rising to 75% of elderly people) and 9% were deficient. Also, most of the population are iodine deficient. It's just that due to livestock being supplemented it might be slightly less of a problem for meat-eaters.
This would explain why, despite vegans having better health in every way than most average people, and that we live longer than most groups of people, some studies show that we don't live quite as long on average as pescetarians – this could be because shellfish are a moderate source of in selenium and fish can be a moderate source of iodine. (It's also undoubtedly because people who eat fish but not meat are likely to be doing so for health reasons, whereas vegans are usually doing it for ethics and some of them don't give a fig about health).
It also explains why, throughout recorded history, average (not rich) people in most parts of the world have eaten a diet mostly based on plants without problems. Flesh was for special occasions until the 20th century. Also, vegetarians and vegans have always existed, but pernicious anaemia wasn't discovered until after water was chlorinated: this could be either because it wasn't understood yet, or it didn't actually exist yet.
Therefore, you need to supplement B12 to make up for a lack of it in water – but don't go overboard – and you need to ensure you're getting ample iodine and selenium. Again, don't go overboard, but the recommended daily allowances are way too low for these two.
This brought to mind a quote by Jiddu Krishnamurti: "It is no measure of health to be well adjusted to a profoundly sick society."
thanks for being a critical independent thinker and varying your sources of information. This points out that great thinkers
have figured things out long before the jonnie-come-lately scientists. Jiddu Krishnamurti was also likely thinking about spiritually sick society.
In the US it would be quite an accomplishment though? Sometimes you have to accept what little you can manage? Recognizing the sickness is a first and required step. Careful…there be crazy people out there…
The problem with the 20 year old is that he sees no ill effects at all.
Or is completely oblivious to them. Maybe through lack of contact with the elderly in our perfectly segmented society.
If I would have been fully aware of the damage I did during the 10 years of weed and 20 years of smoking I would not have done it.
The forming of plaques is the same, you just don't notice the things happening to you till you hit a bump somewhere and effects stack up.
Stack up to a point where you go, hey this never used to be this way!
But when you reach this point if ever 50- 80 % of the damage has been done.
If a kind of amount of leasons"/plaques present "thermometer/barometer could be realised, people could visualize the impact of living badly.
They could see their bio years tick away twice as fast as mrs. healthy.
Taking actions toward healthy living suddenly gets goal oriented.
Great video today! It's the scam of misinterpreting the lack of variance among variables that don't vary.
I have no more than three eggs a month, am I still terribly @ risk? I already have diabetes.
Completely removing eggs, and thus processed foods, was the first thing I recommended my mum.
She is still unsuccesfull as far as I know. Clearly present in to many food stuffs to be able to let go.
I am, otherwise, a vegan. I cannot fathom eggs 3xs per month being disadvantageous. What do you think?
Not sure. I had a circulation scare when I quit smoking, sudden symptoms. Had to make changes.
Eggs I thought were the best place to start. Haven't touched one since. (7.5 months)
I don't want to call myself vegan, but appart from the 1 time fish or high quality beef a week effective I am. I've been slow to get here with less and less meat every month. Already with very good results. But from all the animal products eggs have just about the lowest appeal to me. Why do you choose eggs over grazed beef or something like it?
Vegan = useless drama for me and I want no part in any of that. Even if I go 100% WFPBD I will not call myself vegan, ever.
I don't eat meat for moral and ethical reasons. And, generally, it's one egg a month–NO FISH-, but ofttimes I slip and have more than one whole egg. I don't see where it is doing much, if any harm, in such limited quantities.
You don't hold on to proteins for a week. So if you eat the eggs for that once a week that egg will make no big difference. There are vids here that the cholesterol does make a difference. So why eat it if it doesn't benefit you?
I don't have high cholesterol. I get protein form beans and lentils and other protein enriched veggies. I just like the taste of Einstein's egg & cheese bagel–occasionally.
It isn't. Enjoy life!
Indeed, Schultze! This is by far the wisest and most refreshing comment I have read here for a while. Poeple here are stressing out about whether it is going to kill them if they eat one egg a month or not – well, maybe that one egg increases one's likelihood of dying from CVD by 1%, but that is utterly neglectable given the health risk associated with constantly worrying about the stuff you eat. There's plenty of psychological research showing that cultivating an anxious personality poses a much greater risk to your health than eating a modestly unhealthy diet (and it may be a major reason why in epidemiological studies, vegans tend to be less healthy than omnivores, who may eat a less healthy diet but probably also worry less)
What is your source for the allegation that vegans are less healthy? What is your source for the claim that meat eaters worry less? Vegans tend to be more healthy than "omnivores" (necrotarians). We are the only group with an average body weight within the healthy range. We have less heart disease and diabetes. We live on average 7 years longer, and have only 40% of the cancer rates – despite most vegans having been meat eaters for most of their lives. Also, levels of cortisol – the stress hormone – are directly correlated with how much animal produce one consumes, so I don't see how vegans could possibly have health problems from "worrying" even if we did worry more.
Why eat eggs if you're doing it for moral reasons? Only females produce eggs, 60% of chicks are male, and they are all killed (they are no good for meat, different breeds produce meat to eggs). 30,000,000 male chicks are killed annually in the UK alone. The Freedom Foods-recommended "humane" way of killing is to put them through a macerator that minces them alive. (For some reason this is considered more humane than gassing them with carbon dioxide). Chickens, like all livestock are fed partly or fully on fodder grown in the former Amazon rainforest. Growing food to feed animals to feed humans, rather than using the land directly to feed humans, is an epic waste of land and water.
Occasional eggs (or the occasional anything) probably won't harm a healthy person, but it will stop you having the enlightening psychological changes that occur when you live completely free of the animal system.
Why do you choose eggs over grazed beef or something like it?
Cost? I saw a small chunk, 1/2 pound or so, of grass-fed beef at the health food store. Cost about $12.
Also, eggs are technically vegetarian if not vegan.
My mind goes back and forth with eggs. I sometimes think I'll add an egg a week, Omega-3, but then I realize I'd be buying a whole dozen eggs for the sake of eating 4 or 5 during the month. So I don't.
But even in the omega 3 eggs, the omega 6 is so high the balance is poor, right? The arachidonic acid (long-chain omega 6) is so high that it more then cancels out the omega content, right? That's my understanding. The omega 3 eggs are just a clever marketing ploy.
Local farmed eggs/farmers market. Not a big marketing budget.
I have food sensitivities that have severely curtailed both the variety and amounts of plants I can eat. I can't let ideology get in the way of my nutritional needs. At least a small amount of animal protein is necessary under my current circumstances, as much as I wish it were otherwise.
PS. With an LDL of 49, adding 1egg/week to the 1/2 serving of oatmeal I can tolerate is unlikely to kill me.
I agree…
Yes, I am just referring to eggs that are advertised to have omega 3 in them and yet it's impossible to improve omega 3 status with eggs because of the excess arachidonic acid.
One large 50 gram egg contains only 6 grams of protein. The same as found in 17 grams – a slightly heaped tablespoon – of hemp seeds. So while I agree that the occasional egg – or occasional alcoholic drink, cigarette, or chicken nugget – is not enough to harm an otherwise healthy person, it is also not enough to contribute anything that could be considered positive.
Hemp is suitable for even the most allergy-prone people, is easy to digest, is cholesterol free, low in cancer-feeding methionine, and is a legitimate source of omega 3. Plant proteins are superior, unlike animal protein they are water soluble and are formed largely of amino acids, rather than ready-formed proteins which the body will then have to break down into its constituent amino acids.
Men need 55 grams of protein and 2500 a day and women need 45 grams and 2000 calories. From eating fruit alone – generally low protein foods – you get about 37.5-45g of protein for 2500 calories. If you then eat a pound of leaves a day (easy enough in green fruit smoothies) that will give you an extra 10-15 grams of protein a day (add a handful of sprouted lentils and a tablespoon of hemp seeds and you get an extra 15 grams). This is the diet that I eat – that of our great ape cousins who we resemble so much (who are certainly not lacking in protein and are much stronger than humans). It has cured my bowel problems, sleep problems and heavy periods. I'm not suggesting you try it (unless you want to) I'm just mentioning this to point out that even a diet consisting of the lowest possible protein foods is not lacking in protein so long as you eat enough calories. Also, watery fruit and baby leaves are the easiest and quickest foods to digest for humans (with watermelon and grapes only staying in the stomach for 10 minutes) are perfectly suited to someone with digestive problems, and are safe for people with allergies/sensitivities.
Regarding "complete" proteins (I know this will come up if anyone responds) I type all my food into cronometer, and I have never found a food that DOESN'T contain all eight essential amino acids. The archaic 80's dogma about complete proteins is either based on whether a given food would provide all the amino acids if you ate 2000 calories of it, which nobody is going to do, or based on comparing its amino acid ratios to eggs, of all the many foods in the world. Complete proteins are a given if you eat even a small variety of different foods – even just a different variety of fruit or a different vegetable. I always have over 100% (usually over 150%) of the daily recommended allowance of each of the necessary amino acids, just from eating a variety of fruit and leaves – the "lowest protein" foods!
If you're worried about omega 3's, take an algal omega 3 supplement. Fish are only high in these fats because they eat algae/seaweed, or eat other fish that ultimately consume algae.
Eggs are not high in omega 3's. One large 50g egg provides 39 milligrams of omega 3's – you need 1100-1500 milligrams a day. Unless you want to eat 28-38 eggs a day, I suggest you find another source!
I appreciate your concern, fruitbat. I am not willing to divulge all my health issues in public. I was vegetarian for 20 years, near vegan. Dr. Fuhrman's Eat to Live program, similar to your recommendations, which I started in 2010, actually exacerbated my previously unknown sensitivities. Forced to cut back on both the amount and variety of plants I could eat, bloodwork eventually revealed I was likely protein-challenged.
I am not happy being forced to include animal foods back into my diet. I would love to return to a strictly 100% WFPB diet, but I have to deal with my reality which has trumped my desires.
The focus on cholesterol has perhaps blinded us to other problematic compounds in eggs, notably arachidonic acid, excess choline, and high methionine. There are studies suggesting intakes as low as 1 egg/week markedly increase diabetes risk and intakes greater that 0.5 eggs/week increase risk of lethal prostate cancer.
With respect to cardiovascular disease, in the general population dietary cholesterol is poorly absorbed, but in those who've achieved low plasma cholesterol through their diet, rather efficiently absorbed. While your other diet habits are laudable, it seems likely that the incremental risk of eating eggs will be greatest in those that have reduced other risky behaviors the most.
I'll cut to two per month, thanks.
Did you try vegan cuisine recipes for eggs? Omelettes, scrambled eggs etc.
The key for real egg taste is to use Himalayan Pink Salt. A book I have with a lot of recipes (including many egg ones) is the Everyday Happy Herbivore by Lindsay S. Nixon, fast and really good ones, you'll swear you are eating eggs :)
And added benefit — all the egg recipes use turmeric, a double win.
I'll check Amazon. Thanks.
I found it here: http://www.amazon.com/Kala-Namak-Salt-Indian-Black/dp/B0057IWQV6/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1403630571&sr=8-1&keywords=black+salt
And if you read the reviews, they all say that it makes tofu scramble taste like real eggs. I guess it has a lot of sulphur and that seems to make the difference.
Thule: I'm also a big fan of Everyday Happy Herbivore. But I didn't remember the recipes with the kala namak. Thanks for pointing that out. I'm going back to that book to look for those recipes!
Note: I've made a few other recipes with the kala namak now and am a big fan! I've had SAD eaters sniff a bag of the stuff and asked (without prior prompting) what they thought it smelled like. The vast majority get big eyes and say, "eggs". It's so fun.
@ Thea:I might have the number of "egg" based recipes confused with the ones in her first book, The Happy Herbivore, but I know that was in her second book that she begun to use kala namak, a discovery for her, and applicable to all her previous egg
If you have the first book take a look there too, I know that there are very good ones in that book (and perhaps more egg recipes than in her second book, would need to check) Either case, recommended recipes in both books. :)
Another good use for the black salt is with Garbanzo beans you can make a wonderful "egg salad" spread. I used to make it but without the kala namak (black salt) now I can't wait to try it with the black salt and see if it tastes even more like egg salad.. I believe that garbanzo bean egg salad recipe is also in one of the Happy Herbivore books.
I agree wrt. methionine but what about choline? I thought you disagree with Hazen's questionably theory on dietary choline/carnitine, TMAO levels and CVD? I hope you don't get too entrenched into the vegan narrative, dear Darryl ;-)
There's some intriguing circumstantial evidence around choline and diabetes, which I commented upon here, however there isn't any mechanistic evidence as there is with say methionine and FGF21.
Overall, it seems that the choline metabolic product betaine (high in beets & spinach) is a much better means of activating BHMT. Why these two should have distinct differences in outcomes is a bit mysterious to me.
And no, I don't buy Hazen on physiological range TMAO.
This is poorly done. The last segment of the video suggests moving to the far left under the distribution curve to go from low CHD risk to no risk. Yet you could also move to the far right under that same curve to go to CHD low risk. That is, increase your blood cholesterol levels to reduce your CHD risk.
The pathology analogy to smoking is also poorly done since the compounds of tobacco smoke are mutagenic–actually causing genetic changes in the exposed tissues. Like getting sunburned in early life increases one's risk of skin cancer due to DNA damage, so smoking and then quitting still places one at risk. I haven't seen any studies evidencing that cholesterol is mutagenic.
Lack of circulation will result in poorer less ideal cellular function.
Build of of rest products of processes higher than what it need be.
Removal of waste also impeded will result in more genetic damage.
And thus a mutagenic end result, even while the cholesterol itself isn't.
"Lack of circulation will result in poorer function."
Well, then, increase your blood cholesterol level, since the graph clearly indicates the higher one's blood cholesterol level the lower the CHD risk.
"Removal of waste also impeded will result in more genetic damage."
Which study indicates that genetic damage is proportional to the amount of arterial plaque (a positive correlation)?
You are a smart guy right?
Take a day to think.
Your assertions are empirical–not a priori–thus merely 'thinking' about this issue is fruitless.
A thriving city, you take away 1 element say copper.
What happens with the efficiency of the city?
What happens if you take away oxygen and all its roads are clogged full of waste?
Ground your assertions in empirical studies–not analogies.
Have you ever had a good muscle ache?
That be a good example of less then optimal work.
Im off to the gym, have fun with it.
you really haven't understood what this graph actually shows. There are essentially TWO possibilities why the curve declines with high cholesterol levels: 1. the curve declines because people with extremely high cholesterol are paradoxically protected from CVD (your interpretation), or, 2. the curve declines because THERE ARE NO people (surviving) with that high cholesterol levels. When there is noone with a cholesterol level of 400, noone can die of it – you see? (The graph shows the risk relation from a cross-sectional study, NOT a theoretical extrapolation)
Now consider which explanation may be right ;-)
On your first point, you are simply straight up wrong, Dik. Lower your cholesterol and the inference is that you most likely are in the Non-CHD part of the population. Raise your cholesterol and diagram suggests that you are much more likely to be in the population developing CHD. You need to compare the tails of the two curves.
There are good graphics that better demonstrate the relative risks than the one used in this video. From Framingham:
But better still, from this enormous study:
The percentage of non-CHD at 150 is approximately the same as at 330–both of which appear to be around 4%.
And what are the percentages for the CHD curve at these values?
Rose's paper is really fascinating. Of note, I found this important point to keep in mind.
Rose directs our attention to how data relate the occurrence of Down's syndrome births to maternal age.
Mothers under 30 years are individually at minimal risk; but because they are so numerous, they generate half the cases. High-risk individuals aged 40 and above generate only 13% of the cases.
The lesson from this example is that a large number of people at a small risk may give rise to more cases of disease than the small number who are at a high risk.
Does that mean that most women should put off having babies until after age 40? Of course not. That would only end up increasing the actual incidence of trisomy 21.
Likewise, suggesting that a population increase its mean serum cholesterol levels to the right side of the graph to the highest levels of serum cholesterol would likely cause even more absolute cardiac mortality than at the current average, not less, as […] suggests.
Notably, Framingham's William Castelli, MD, mentioned in this interview with Kirk Hamilton
…in the Framingham Study… if you had a 300 cholesterol, 90 out of 100 of those people got a heart attack in the first 26 years. So that was a very dangerous place to be.
On the other hand, Castelli mentioned that Framingham had about a 1/2 dozen people with TC under 150 in almost 40 years.
One of them did have this high triglyceride/low HDL syndrome. The other four or five, we don't know what they had.
My best layperson's guess would be they might have had that "little a" Lipoprotein Lp(a) that Dayspring talks about.
At any rate, Castelli agreed in the interview that if everyone shifted to a strictly unprocessed plant-based diet would eliminate most heart attacks. Of course, he doubts that'll ever happen.
At any rate, the last thing he would recommend is boosting your serum cholesterol to 400.
Great response!
Thanks, Toxins. Math was never my best subject, but I think I got a handle on it this time. :-D
I edited my answer bcz I was missing a word here and there.
Disqus in mobile won't take my copy & paste in my edit so here is the link to the Wm Castelli interview:
This video is very timely for me. I'm about 3/4 of the way through the book "Perfect Health Diet". Just as Dr. Greger, using published research, convincingly makes a case for veganism, this book, written by two scientists at Harvard, using research, convincingly argues for consuming red meat, dairy products, eggs, and coconut products, and for not consuming whole grains, beans, and seed oils. I guess, since nutritional research is impossible to do accurately, anybody can pick data (Isn't it called data mining?) to prove anything.
I learn that even the best peer review journals could publish poor studies so i think that a skeptical view is the best way to fight against confusion…
Follow the money, who pays for that "Perfect Health Diet"?
The data doesn't support it, unless they use the industry paid for "studies"
Pure sophism.
I would suggest the book Whole, by T. Colin Campbell, for the inside view.
Search CarbSane's blog for the inaccuracies and inconsistencies of Paul Jaminet's dietary recommendations. Search "Perfect Health Diet", Jaminet, and "safe starch" since his stance on carbs seems to be changing with certain health problems.
PS. Being an astrophysicist, even from Harvard, does not make one an authority in nutrition.
Dr. Greger, I believe you could do a fascinating video on the Mendelian randomization studies of the past decade to lay to rest all questions (by Taubes et al.) that LDL-C, triglycerides and inflammation are causal in cardiovascular disease. Papers from the last year with useful references: 1, 2, 3. They've also confirmed clinical trials suggesting HDL, CRP, and Hcy are coincident bystanders.
I notice you leave dietary cholesterol out of that lifestyle prescription. Do you think all known, substantial effects of dietary cholesterol on serum LDL are potentiated by dietary fats?
Dietary cholesterol has effects on serum cholesterol that depend on one's baseline serum levels. From Fig 2 in this study, you'll see that added dietary cholesterol has the most marked effects on serum cholesterol in those consuming baseline cholesterol free (vegan) diets, but more limited effects in most of the population. So for most of the population, LDL raising C12-16 saturated fats are the major contributor to serum cholesterol, but to achieve the levels of LDL-C where atherosclerosis doesn't progress (without the use of statins or intestinal parasites) generally requires both low-intake of LDL raising saturated fats and low/no dietary cholesterol.
You seem to have made it a point to inform yourself about fats. It has been a frustrating too chaotic a topic for me to absorb. Opinions and studies fly all over the place.
Could you give me advice towards a fat intake profile?
As it is now , 1 x meat/herring a week , nuts 50 – 100 gr and seeds 50 gr and a small bit of olive oil to fry my mushrooms with. 20 gr of flax a day to top it off.
I still get leaner and leaner without weight loss.
I'm aware of that study and have cited Fig 2 myself in the internet milieu, but it's more the assurances in the discussion that helps to address the question, as in the second column on the page containing Fig 3.
I think it's probably true that dietary CHOL is a significant contributer to serum LDL even in the absence of fat, but may continue to read in that area. But more interestingly, I note that the paper notes an influence of P on VLDL and that may be a bit worrisome even if it supresses the influence of CHOL.
I'm with you that dietary veganism is basically the best option, but I'd caution that your usage of "whole plant-based," if one of many common usages, is really not the correct one. The whole reason why a different term has shown up is to distinguish this approach to diet from veganism in two ways. First, it includes nearly vegan diets. Second, it excludes certain kinds of dietary veganism. There may be a push by ethical vegans to advance their argument by pushing the idea that dietary veganism can be quite healthy, and in do so they may equivocate and represent dietary veganism as equivalent whole plant based. Similarly there are opponents of the nutritional message who will equivocate and identify "whole plant based" as veganism, an ethically inflected movement that can lead to compromised nutrition.
To focus on a nutritional message, we need to draw some distinctions in our vocabulary. From there, we can note that purely vegan unrefined diets have some good things going for them among other possible WFPB diets, and we can note that ethical veganism as it is normally construed is perfectly compatible with nutritional excellence — especially when even the habits of the wealthy, educated, and hardworking classes of contemporary society set such a low bar.
While these mandelian randomization studies offer a fascinating new approach, I think they haven't brought about new insights into the epidemiology of CVD so far. They do not refute the growing body of evidence concerning the adverse health outcomes associated with low levels of cholesterol. I think it is our duty as scientists or scientifically minded persons to accept conflicting evidence, as it empirically approaches and not to ignore or dismiss it out of hand because it doesn't conveniently fit without our own theoretical bias or "favorite interpretation of reality".
Take this recent Japanese study for example. After 10 years of follow up in the very elderly (a median of 85 years) and careful adjustment for confounders there is still this striking inverse association between TC and all-cause mortality, which other studies already have shown in younger age groups. I don't think such observations can simply be explained away by reverse causation.
Having stiffened arteries is also protective against hemorrhagic stroke and dementia in the very elderly, too. Better cognitive outcomes for those with high blood pressure is one of the reasons for the relaxed hypertension guidelines in the elderly in the U.S.
I suspect, as with the recent protein study, we're seeing age-dependent pleiotropic effects, so I think there's going to be a different optimal diet for the middle-aged attempting to achieve longevity, and for the elderly attempting preserve their remaining faculties. We probably need some better markers of aging, correlated with outcomes, to determine just when we should shift between different forms of damage control.
With cholesterol in the very elderly, its difficult to say whether its having a direct benefit, or whether levels reflect an overall dietary pattern that may be not be providing sufficient growth signalling to avert frailty (after the long-telomere cancer danger years have passed).
I am now reading that it is not necessarily cholesterol (LDL) that is responsible for heart disease, but high triglyceride levels.
Using triglyceride level as a 'marker' of your current cardiovascular health would be wise in light of the data, however, I don't think you can call it 'responsible' for heart disease.
What about your source strongly supports this claim about causation? Because what I'm seeing is mostly a discussion that as biomarkers go, ApoB and LDL are largely concordant but ApoB may be a better measure of hard endpoint risks. When talking about triglycerides they explicitly say under "ApoB and Clinical Disorders" that:
"Elevated TG in the absence of elevations in LDL/apoB is likely not atherogenic. As previously mentioned, an apoB measurement is required to diagnose hyperapobetalipoproteinemia"
LDL is a not directly measured valuation, but is calculated with the Friedewald equation which breaks down when triglycerides are >400, which can then make the LDL amount unreliable. Such hypertriglyceridemia is often associated with excessive calories balance, I.e., obesity, itself a risk factor for CVD. Junk carbs frequently are a contributing factor to the excessively positive caloric balance.
I would not discount entirely the potential danger of high triglycerides. Framingham's Dr. Castelli didn't in this interview
Is LDL really still calculated by the Friedewald equation in the US? I think this is unlikely since modern laboratories can easilly do routine LDL measurements and I know that LDL is always measured directly in Germany, even for the most basic lipid panel.
Well, considering I learned about the equation for the first time in comments here 2 months ago, it's evidently still an issue here in the US.
Are you familiar with clinical medicine in the US? It's comparatively pitiful when held up next to European standards.
I keep getting the impression that it is OXIDIZED cholesterol that is the issue and the "cause" of plaques. In fact it's possible that elderly people live longer when they have higher cholesterol? Of course…the population studied might eat the SAD diet.
Lipidologist Thomas Dayspring recently tweeted that oxidation of cholesterol is NOT required for the formation of plaque.
As for the elderly, most evidence points to reverse causation. It is declining health conditions in the elderly which causes lower cholesterol, not vice versa.
He TWEETED it? Gosh… let's keep it scientific, please! (Even if I agree in this case that it is most probably reverse causation).
Yes, @DrLipid is very engaged on a Twitter. I saw him tweet about oxidation recently. Not sure he's talked about reverse causation in the elderly.
Meanwhile, he's just had posted a series of short YouTube videos entitled Lipid Insights. Parts 1-5.
He's definitely a particle guy and quite the proponent of advanced lipid testing.
Lipid Insights
I just watched Part 3. Did you know there's an Apolipoprotein "little a"?
Another case is sodium. The very high level of salt consumption in the western diet, due to easy availability, produces far higher levels of blood pressure in western populations than in populations with very limited access to sodium or salt. The western "normal" is very high compared to the normal of populations with limited access to sodium. Therefore changes in salt consumption have little effect on blood pressure because westerners consume so much salt that changes in consumption barely dent the relatively massive salt consumption–far, far more sodium than humans actually require.
trying to explain this to a carnivore is like trying to explain to a religious person about evolution. they're not going to believe that eggs are unhealthy
Huh? Most religious persons I know have no problems whatosever to accept the fact of evolution (I'm an European, though).
What he should have said is: "trying to explain this to a carnivore is like trying to explain to a religious *fundamentalist* person about evolution. they're not going to believe that eggs are unhealthy"
What about an omnivore? Or a lacto-ovo-vegetarian?
Eggs eaten in moderation aren't unhealthy. See http://nutritionfacts.org/video/when-low-risk-means-high-risk/#comment-1466278932
Vegan junk foods (grain dust + refined sugar + hydrogenated vegetable oils) are unhealthy.
Maybe it's the overconsumption of junk foods that's bad for people, rather than animal produce per se. Now there's a thought!
Hi Nige! Good to see ya!
"Grain dust" LOL. Good one! So true that not all vegan or vegetarian foods are created equal. BK veggie burgers, fries, and Coke may be vegetarian, but they certainly are not healthy.
You'll find no love for vegJUNKtarian foods here at NF.org
Dr. Greger is a proponent of a whole foods, minimally processed plant-based diet. Traditionally processed foods like tofu, tempeh, etc. make sense in this context, as well. No hard and fast rules here, though.
Hi! You posted a link to here on Twitter. I've known about Dr. Greger for a long time.
Years ago, I watched the following video when it used to be on his web-site https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l0qNYeOMp4I
It prompted me to write the following blog post http://nigeepoo.blogspot.co.uk/2009/01/vegetarians-vegans-listen-up.html
Nice blog post. My Sprinternet isn't loading the video, but if it's the video I think it is, it was my initial exposure to Doc Greger.
Poorly planned and non-supplemented vegan diets can be a world of hurt.
Anyone got a link for the page of Dr. Greger's dietary recommendations? You know, the one that reads like the insert in the doc's DVD? I can't find it.
MacSmiley: It is so hard to find specific videos or blog posts. I totally sympathize with you on that.
I too often want to refer to Dr. Greger's dietary recommendation. The way I find it is by searching by "brazil" since I remember that the page includes a recommendation to eat brazil nuts and there aren't too many other entries with that keyword. Here's the page I believe you are looking for:
It's "Optimum Vegetarian Nutrition – Omega 3 and B12".
As I'm not vegan, I can't help with your other enquiry.
Not a vegan either.
Yes, that was the very first video of Dr. Greger I ever watched. If nothing else, the man is expressive. :-)
Thea answered my question about Dr. Greger's dietary recommendations.
PS. I think most of the Seventh Day Adventists in the Loma Linda Blue Zone are lacto-ovo vegetarians.
unrelated to above, the following is a very nice article I thought you would find interesting (if you have not seen it already) http://www.obgynnews.com/topics/gynecology/single-article-page/flaxseeds-may-protect-against-urinary-incontinence-in-women/e50ae09ab88c47e6993c5d1bd025bee7.html
Oh my! Here's another BOLD study showing you can lower blood pressure by adding beef to your diet http://www.nature.com/jhh/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/jhh201434a.html
Is the chart saying that you have the same risk of chd at
180 as you do at 300
Would anyone like to explain the inconvenient facts in http://suppversity.blogspot.co.uk/search?q=Eggs+statins ?
Over-eating grain dust combined with sugars & fats, also too much refined sugars, is bad for people. All of these things can be vegan.
Good call on the junk carbs, Nige. Dr. Greger does not recommend them even "in moderation".
[Disclosure: I'll admit I indulge during one long weekend a year when I'm forced to eat at restaurants. I just got done with my 3 servings for the year just a month ago. OK, 4 servings. That's it. I swear. ;-P]
As for the research: Volek? Light and fluffy Krauss? Both industry-funded?
However, they deserve consideration by someone with analytical research skills. I can't do them justice.
Meanwhile, perhaps these additional videos and the cited research will be helpful to you.
Click on Sources Cited for the studies referred to in the videos.
I usually eat 2 eggs/day. I feel absolutely fi
We're all free will agents. :-)
When I heard 100 yr old Fred Kummerow ate 2 eggs/day I wondered how he could get away with that without getting CAD. Turns out he didn't. He had a heart bypass at age 89.
But still…
I am unconvinced that low dietary cholesterol is necessarily
healthier by itself when compared to a high cholesterol diet. Apparently the professional thought about dietary
cholesterol is tending toward it being harmless at worst. The USDA is hinting ( http://www.cnn.com/2015/02/19/health/dietary-guidelines/ ) dropping dietary cholesterol restrictions from its revised dietary guidance.
It should be understood it is inflammation that is the root cause of arterial buildup not the abundance of cholesterol. Inflammation attracts cholesterol. Limited arterial inflammation cholesterol seems to become a none factor.
Moreover and perhaps more importantly new research, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3258689/ ,seems to imply that the metabolic syndrome is a consequence of a high intake in carbohydrates and food with a high glycemic index, particularly fructose, and relatively low intake of cholesterol and saturated fat. This research indicates that cholesterol which is necessary for life is rather difficult for the liver to synthesis and the liver would prefer to obtain the body's cholesterol needs through diet. This allows the liver to focus on
its other critical functions.
Thanks for clearing up this new cholesterol myth, I've been wondering about that for a while. There is a popular book out there saying cholesterol is good for you not bad sounds like bad advice and it is… excellent video!
I recently posted a picture of kale on FB which included a statement that said that it had no cholesterol. A friend added this statement to the comments "Nothing wrong with Kale but nothing wrong with cholesterol either, cholesterol is actually an antioxidant, it gets a bad rap because people aren't totally informed about it HDL high density lipo proteins are sent from the liver to carry away extra fat from the blood steam to be brought back to the liver and recycled that's why it's considered the "good kind" LDL is low density lipoproteins are sent from the liver to injury sites to help repair cell walls after they have been damaged ex high blood pressure or high blood sugar damages cells in the vascular walls and cholesterol is sent there to repair those cells and patch up the wall of damaged vessels so they don't keep degrade song and burst its the bodies survival mechanism so it's not cholesterol that's bad it's a persons underlying inflammation that's the real issue eating cholesterol has very little impact on your serum cholesterol most of it is used to make bile and excreted with waste during digestion if you have high cholesterol your liver is producing it at high levels to help repair damaged cells due to inflammation so cholesterol itself is not bad just saying". Wondering your stand on this. I know our body makes all the cholesterol that we need. Thanks
Hey Alan,
Saturated fat boosts blood cholesterol more than dietary cholesterol, but dietary cholesterol still raises blood cholesterol slightly. Dr. G explains in this video "you can basically max out on your cholesterol absorption. After a certain level of intake, it's just another match to the fire. If you're already consuming the standard American diet averaging 400mg of cholesterol daily, even add two jumbo eggs to one's diet, and it may already be a lost cause. But in people trying to eat healthy, those two eggs could shoot their cholesterol up 20 points." He says there is a plateau effect issue and the postprandial (after eating) issue, which these videos also discuss, here and here.
Cholesterol is important and has many functions, but like you said our body makes enough and it's not a dietary requirement.
Broccoli sprouts are compared to "Broccomax" supplements.
For accessible cancers such as skin, mouth, and vulva, the spice turmeric can be applied in an ointment. Note: there's an image of ulcerating breast cancer from 3:03 to 3:09 that viewers may find disturbing.
DONATE TODAY and help keep NutritionFacts growing strong!Donate


text:
Liberty Stadium
Swansea City v Arsenal
Premier League
Saturday February 16th, 2013, 3pm
By Paul R
(Arsenal fan)
1. Why you were looking
forward to going to the ground (or not as the case
may be):
Are you an away or general football fan who has visited the Liberty Stadium recently?
If so why not submit your own review of the ground and general day out?
Find out more about how to submit a review
to the Swansea City page
Football Ground Guide Index

subset: commoncrawl


text: Ted Leung wrote: > Hi, > > I"m curious about IPython's use of readline. For Chandler we use a > custom build of Python and today after I updated my version, my ipython > stopped working (it doesn't start up). It appears that one of the > changes in the build was the inclusion of readline but in a different > place than previously. Any tips appreciated. Mmh, weird. Have a look at ~/.ipython/IpythonCrashReport.txt, and if it's there, mail it to me. You can also edit `which ipython`, and make the main call with a debug argument: import IPython IPython.Shell.IPShell(debug=1).mainloop() This will prevent the 'silent death', and probably give you a good hint of what's going on. IPython uses the standard gnu readline as wrapped in readline.py, so I'm not sure where the problem may be. But the above tricks may help us track it. Regards, f


text:
Someone who is very dirty and likes to watch porn.
Ohgod, you're such a momo.
بواسطة Gableebers أكتوبر/تشرين الأوّل 28, 2008
An extremely religious cultist. AKA A Mormon.
Git outta mah house momo
بواسطة Cam lessey فبراير/شباط 7, 2008
idiot, retard, imbecile, dumb ass
you momo, you spilled your beer all over yourself
بواسطة ebjimmyg مايو/أيار 30, 2005
ugly anerexic and/or albino girl. Usually acts popular but is hated by the majority of fellow peers. These types of girls tend to have little to no body curves at all.(also known to use excessive makeup)
Wow look at that ugly momo over there trying to act hott.
بواسطة Dantrell يناير/كانون الثّاني 2, 2009
an alcoholic drink consisting of Captain Morgan and Monster
"Hey what are you drinking?"
"I got me some mo mo!"
"I got me some mo mo!"
بواسطة FoShizle مايو/أيار 5, 2008
Racial slur for Mormons.
Dude, did you see that Momo over there? Dood! He fucks his cousin, Dood!
بواسطة Dumpy Dits مارس/آذَار 23, 2008
Idiot. (You didn't think it was that simple did ya?)
He's a total momo asshat.
بواسطة methodtim مايو/أيار 18, 2005


text:
- Jan 25:
- Two from Colorado sat in State of the Union audience
- Colorado lawmakers' reactions to Obama speech predictable
- In State of Union address, Obama calls on top to help lift middle
- GOP line on Obama's address: He's made it worse
- Jan 24:
- Full text of President Obama's State of the Union address
- President Obama's State of the Union: American dream in peril, fast action needed
- Student from Paonia, Brighton chemist will be in State of the Union audience
- Colorado Rep. Doug Lamborn to skip State of the Union
- Presidents' State of Union goals often fail in political reality
- Jan 22:
- State of the Union speech to lay out economic blueprint
WASHINGTON — The White House says President Barack Obama has invited Rep. Gabrielle Giffords' husband to tonight's State of the Union address. White House spokesman Jay Carney said Obama looks forward to having Mark Kelly, a retired NASA astronaut, as a guest sitting with the first lady.
A Brighton chemist and a Denver college student also will attend, White House officials told The Denver Post on Monday. Lorelei Kilker, a scientist, was part of a large class of women who benefited from an federal investigation into alleged systemic sex discrimination.
Mahala Greer, 24, of the University of Colorado Denver, introduced Obama in the fall when he visited her campus. She has worked through college and will graduate in May with $35,000 in debt. She represents a program the administration is pushing to make paying for college easier. Denver Post staff writer Allison Sherry and The Associated Press


text:
It's not inaccurate it's ahistorical. You can keep these borders as part of an alternate historic map.
Some inspiration for the map style: http://www.cartographersguild.com/re...ive-units.html
I would like to create a 19th century style map of Europe using these borders:
The problem is, I have no idea where to start. I've tried tracing the borders but this has not worked out as the image isn't really accurate enough.
Could someone provide me with just some advice, point me in the direction of a tutorial, or something else? Thank you.
It's not inaccurate it's ahistorical. You can keep these borders as part of an alternate historic map.
Some inspiration for the map style: http://www.cartographersguild.com/re...ive-units.html
But thank you for the inspiration, I'm rather inexperienced so I shall have to have a look around the styles in that map.
This is an EU4 map, isn't? So I wouldn't worry too much about accuracy... Paradoxes map isn't too accurate to start with. In EU4 they used, if I understood it correctly, a kind of Miller cylindrical projection... but changed it where they saw fit.
What you could do...
Find a high-res map of the area you want. Use that map as a basemap to trace the outline of the landmass, islands and rivers. Use it to trace any border that might fit: Portugal for example, or the Swedish-Norwegian border.
For any borders in the EU4 map that do not correlate with borders on your new basemap: take a single country or area from the EU4 map, try to scale it up to about the right size, wiggle it into about the correct position using noticable landmarks and then use this outline to trace the borders. It doesn't matter if they are not accurate.
If you think a border is alongside a river, use the rivers on your new basemap to adapt the EU4 map.
Here is a (attempt at a) map of Italy I did on the Crusader Kings 2 TOG start based on that method.
And here you can find a potential basemap to trace. It is done in the style I tried to emulate with the Italy map as well as the Germany map Azelor linked to.
I haven't come around to do a tutorial for this style yet, but I am working on it. I am also willing to answer any questions you might have on it.
Freodin, I think I managed to replicate your style but it's kinda complicated.
1- draw the country landmass (layer 1)
2- dupplicate the layer (layer 2)
3- paint it in black
4- apply a white inner glow setting the size and the thing above about the same size each. Set opacity to 75-100% and reach (first slidebar under quality) to 100%
5- create a new layer under the layer 2, it's just a dummy layer to pixelize the glow effect (layer 3)
6- merge layer 2 and 3 (but it's a good idea to keep a copy just in case) (layer 2)
7- select all of layer 2 and copy it
8- in chanel, create a new chanel and paste the pixels of layer 2 (call it layer 2)
9- go back in the layer menu, pick layer 1 and create a layer mask
10- go back to the chanel menu and select the layer 1 chanel, select copy and paste the cotent of layer 2 chanel in the layer 1 chanel
11- Create a new layer on to and apply a striped pattern (preferably black and white) , set it to lighten (layer 4)
or you can also use the option to add a pettern in the layer option
12- Create a new layer on top, select the country shape and color and add a border toward the interior of the same color. Lower the opacity of the layer if necessary. (layer 5)
13- and finally add a layer in the bottom that will serve as a background, a pale brown will do
what do you think ?
Last edited by Azelor; 10-19-2013 at 04:20 PM.
Thank you both! This is very helpful. It may take some time but I will post the end result, or something in between if I need help.


text:
By The Honorable John P. Zakowski, Brown County Circuit Court Judge
I was attending a recent juvenile law conference for judges and court commissioners from across the State. One of the speakers was a social worker from Ohio. During her session concerning children, a question was raised about CASA. She mentioned how much she "loved" CASA and how significant information provided by CASA advocates was to juvenile cases in Ohio. The discussion then turned to the use of CASA in Wisconsin. To my surprise, it appears that the number of counties in Wisconsin where CASA exists is the exception rather than the rule. The discussion re-enforced my commitment to the CASA program and my belief that we are very fortunate to have an active and involved CASA here in Brown County.
The CASA program continues to grow locally through the work of dedicated individuals. I have attended a session which is part of the 40-hour training required of all CASA Advocates. I have been very impressed by the quality of people who have come forward to volunteer their time and efforts on behalf of children who are in need of protection and services, the victims of abuse and neglect. They listen to these children, and their documented findings and written reports are thorough and provide the Court with significant updates as to the extent of progress the children make as their case continues in the legal system. Judges read these reports with interest—and they often include feedback from the children themselves. CASA Advocates also act as a check that permanency plans and other court orders are being followed by participants in the legal system. It helps assist the Court in making significant decisions.
We have seen increased cooperation and exchange of information between CASA Advocates, the social workers at Brown County Dept. of Human Services, and the court-appointed guardian ad litems.
The CASA commitment is seen on a daily basis. I observe the CASA Advocates appearing in court for hearings involving the client over and over again.
This CASA commitment is so important because national studies show children with CASA Advocates spend less time in foster care and do better in school. This is in large part due to the fact that stability in a child's life, via a responsible adult whom the child can relate to and confide in, is always in the child's best interests.
The CASA program is to be commended for its continued growth and commitment to children, and the judiciary looks forward to continuing to utilize CASA Advocates whenever appropriate.


text:
- Aurora Movie Theater Shooting At Least 12 Dead
- Feb 29:
- Bills inspired by Aurora theater shooting trial meet different fates
- Nov 25:
- "Theater 8" proposes healing look at Aurora shooting tragedy in film
- Sep 5:
- Youngest Aurora theater shooting victim sworn in as police officer
AURORA — The theater shooting that left 12 people dead and injured 58 others was "not just an incident but a pattern," the Rev. Jesse Jackson said Thursday morning.
Flanked by a group of pastors, including Thomas Mayes of Living Water Christian Center Church in Aurora, Jackson called the early morning massacre domestic terrorism.
"This is not an issue of guns for the house, or keeping guns for hunting but rather, domestic terrorism," Jackson said. "None are safe in the rise of domestic terrorism."
Jackson said he isn't seeking to eradicate gun ownership but will continue to seek a national ban on assault-type rifles. The national ban expired in 2004. "You don't hunt with an AK-47," he said.
Aurora Theater Shooting
- Read: Court documents related to the James Holmes case.
- Timeline: Shooting at Aurora movie theater.
- Map: Shooting scene, suspect's apartment, hospitals.
- View images of the victims of the Aurora theater shooting.
- View graphic layout of the Aurora theater shooting scene.
- View photo galleries related to the theater shooting.
- More videos: Aurora shooting video roundup.
- Full coverage: Stories, photos, video, more.
James Eagan Holmes, 24, is accused of using a shotgun, an assault-style rifle and a .40-caliber handgun to fire on a sold-out showing of "The Dark Knight Rises" early July 20. Police say Holmes had purchased about 6,000 rounds of ammunition and was using a 100-round magazine with the rifle.
A national coalition of law enforcement groups on Thursday renewed its call for background checks on all gun buyers — not just those purchasing through dealers — and a ban on high-capacity magazines.
The National Law Enforcement Partnership to Prevent Gun Violence, which is made up of nine police-leadership organization, made its call as U.S. House of Representatives condemned the mass shooting and expressed condolences to the families and friends of those killed and injured at the theater.
Also making a note of the assassination attempt on President Ronald Reagan in 1981 by former Evergreen resident John Hinckley Jr., Jackson blamed a frail economy and too-few options for psychiatric health care for a perceived rise in gun violence.
"We've seen these massacres before, and we still have the toleration level," Jackson said. "We hope this will become the tipping point to rethink this."
Jackson, who witnessed the assassination of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. in Memphis in 1968, noted the constitutional protections for gun ownership but said, "Something must be done."
"I am convinced this kind of access to weapons emboldens international terrorists," he said. "We have gone from protection from the wild to a state of war."
While walking around the perimeter of the apartment at 1690 Paris St. in Aurora where Holmes lived, Jackson talked about the recent comments by President Barack Obama and presumptive Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney concerning gun control in the wake of the theater shootings.
"They are both aware of the dangers of the assault weapons," Jackson said.
On Wednesday, at the National Urban League Convention in New Orleans, Obama called for more rigorous background checks for people who attempt to buy guns and restrictions to keep mentally unbalanced individuals from purchasing weapons.
Romney said changing the law would not necessarily keep people like Holmes from committing an act such as the theater shooting if their mind was set.


text:
The industry's smallest and lowest operating power multi-contact high-capacity power relays.
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90A type high-capacity compact PV power relays featuring energy-saving reduced coil hold.
Offering a 1.8mm contact gap,
switching capacities are handled up to 33A 250VAC, perfect
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Contributes to energy saving in devices due to reduced coilhold voltage.
Delivering forcibly guided contact structure, enabling detection of contact welding and construction of a safety circuit.


text: Steve Jobs takes medical leave of absence Technology 17 January 11 Flickr CC: Acaben Olivia Solon Deputy Editor, Wired.co.uk Follow @Olivia_Solon Apple CEO Steve Jobs has announced that he is taking a medical leave of absence, leaving COO Tim Cook to take over the day-to-day running of the company. Jobs will continue to as CEO and be involved "in major strategic decisions for the company", according to an email sent to all employees.The reason for Jobs' medical leave is unclear, however in the past he has suffered from pancreatic cancer and liver failure, requiring a liver transplant in 2009. Remaining involved with company activities, however, suggests any ill health he is currently suffering from isn't life-threatening.Everyone at Wired.co.uk wishes him the very best.The full email memo from Jobs can be found over the page. Olivia Solon is news editor of Wired.co.uk. You can follow her on Twitter at @olivia_solon. Follow Wired on @WiredUK Read page 2 12 Read on one page Latest on wired.co.uk


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Wish You Had More Willpower? Here's How . . .
Lola Komisin Mason
11-13-2012 13:00
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If you're like most people, you've probably lamented at one time or another, "I wish I had more willpower!". When a million people were asked to name their greatest strengths, self control came in dead last! And, when asked to list their weaknesses, self control was at the top of the list. I often hear people say that they don't have enough willpower to exercise, or stop smoking, or eat less sweets. I've said it myself many times until I started reading the work of Roy Baumeister, a psychologist, who studies self regulation (the term scientists use for willpower). Baumeister explains that self control (willpower) is like a muscle and you can strengthen it. His latest book,
is filled with interesting research studies and stories of people who learned how to build their willpower muscle and you can do the same. The most important concept is to understand that like a muscle, your willpower is depleted as you use it throughout the day to make decisions, manage stress and resist a plethora of temptations such as resisting sweets, daydreaming, telling your boss what you
think, or surfing the web instead of working on that pressing project.
Baumeister maintains that success in ALL areas of life depends on only two factors: intelligence and self control. Of the two, self control is the most malleable. Research shows that self control is a better predictor of college grades than the SAT or IQ and that managers high in self control are rated more favorably by direct reports and peers. One study found that executives who were promoted to CEO had 7 times more self control and 3 times more empathy than those who were passed over.
So how can you build your willpower muscle?
First, feed your willpower muscle the right stuff
. When you wake up in the morning you are fresh and have a full tank of willpower (assuming you've had a good night's rest). As you go through your day, resisting temptations, making decisions and dealing with stress, your willpower reservoir is being depleted so that you're more likely to give in to the next temptation whether it's a donut, or losing your cool. Thinking, resisting temptations and decision making require lots of energy. This energy is supplied by glucose in the bloodstream which converts to neurotransmitters in the brain. As your willpower declines your glucose level gets depleted. And, the more self control you need, the more you crave sweets! Unfortunately, if you succumb to the sweets, you set yourself up for a sugar spike and then a crash. Since all food is converted to glucose just at different rates, Baumeister recommends a slow and steady burn of veggies, nuts, raw fruits, etc. The 'if...then' technique can be really helpful when you crave a sweet. For example, plan for your sweet craving ahead of time by saying to yourself, "If I want a sweet, I'll first eat an apple or yogurt. Then, if I still want a sweet later I can." It'll take about 20 minutes for the healthy snack to provide the glucose that you need and the willpower to pass up the snack.
2. Now, you're ready to set a goal.
It needs to be very specific not a pipe dream. For motivation, it's important to focus on the road ahead and
what you need to actually do.
This gap between what you've already done and still need to do will motivate you to press ahead. It needs to be a goal that you really want and believe that you can achieve if you are willing to work hard. Be realistic about the hurdles that you'll face and plan how you will address them.
you will do
Studies show that when people plan when and where they will do something, they are significantly more likely to follow through. For example, when students agreed to write an essay on a holiday, 78% of those who had specified when and where they would write the essay actually followed through vs only 30% who were not asked to plan when and where they would write it. Even more noteworthy, when drug addicts in withdrawal (and stressed out) agreed to write an essay before 5pm on a certain day, 80% of those who had
planned when and where
actually completed the task vs 0% who had agreed to write, but did not specify when and were. Finally, women who agreed to do a breast self-exam over 30 days and planned when and where had a 100% completion rate vs 53% of those who did not specify. Tip: The next time you ask your child or spouse about an activity, ask them to specify when and where.
3. The third step is to track your behavior.
For example, I started keeping a daily exercise and eating log several years ago. In addition, i wear a pedometer every day. If I haven't hit my 10,000 steps by dinner time, I'm almost compelled to walk outside or hit the treadmill. It's become as much of a
as brushing my teeth before going to bed. Once a goal becomes a habit it becomes automatic and routine. You no longer need to exert your self control muscle to maintain the behavior. This means you'll have more energy to focus on forming new desireable habits. Experts suggest that at least 40% your daily activities (good and bad) are automatic and require no thinking or decision making on your part. The more routines that you can commit to habit frees you up to focus on other important goals that require you to use willpower.
Here's the icing on the cake. Research shows that if you exercise self control in ONE area of your life it improves willpower in ALL areas of your life. Students who developed one habit goal that was important to them increased their stamina on other temptations. By strengthening thier willpower in one area, they were more likely to exercise more, study more, budget their money, smoke less, drink less, procrastinate less, etc.
Start strengthening your willpower muscle today!
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Now that Tumblr's blackouts are behind it, the company is back to focusing on its product, particularly its mobile one. A growing channel that, by the way, recently helped propel the blogging platform over 20 billion monthly page views. While Tumblr updated its iOS app with the most recent in November to improve user experience, speed and engagement on the iPhone by making the app "native" — i.e. integrating it more deeply into the iOS experience — the company still has yet to customize its app for the iPad.
Days after adding support for Android tablets, that finally changed tonight, as the company updated its iOS app, adding compatibility for both the iPad and iPad Mini.
For those who've already been Tumbl-ing on the iPhone, the new support for iPad will be familiar. First and foremost, because the app has "native" support for the iPad, it means that you no longer have to deal with the slow load times of your local browser. So, because of that, the user experience is more frictionless, more responsive and just feels more, well, native.
Like Tumblr for the iPhone, the new app includes familiar features like one-touch re-blogging, pinch and zoom to enlarge photos (and larger photos in general), multi-blog management, offline support, and so on.
However, the upgrade also brings some new iPad-specific additions as well, like its new navigational sidebar that remains in-view as you peruse through the Tumblr universe. A new Path-esque pie menu pops out of the sidebar, allowing for enhanced posting options, as well as landscape and markdown support.
Tumblr developer Bryan Irace tells the Verge that it only took the company "a few weeks" to develop its iPad app, but the main reason it's been so long in coming is that Tumblr spent the summer working on its recent iPhone upgrade. Once it had optimized the user experience for smartphones, it was free to turn its attention to the iPad.
After a few minutes playing around with the new app, it's easy to see that the Tumblr is well suited for the tablet. The blogging platform has always championed simple design, focusing the attention on the visual experience provided by its millions of content creators. That's part of the reason why it has become one of the go-to channels for posting video, images and GIFs, really for any content that requires more than 140 characters, more space, or that doesn't immediately need to be blasted to your entire social graph.
Because it already lends itself so well to images, video and multimedia content, Tumblr looks great on the iPad, as images appear in high-resolution without being limited by the smaller screen size. It's a pleasure to tap around your high-res dashboard and, overall, offers a far more responsive experience than viewing Tumblr on your iPad's browser. Plus, there's less friction around creating new content, which is a plus.
Check out Tumblr for the iPad here.


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Ancient Wood Uncovered
or texture on the wood surface. As it dries, ancient wood shrinks a lot more, both along the grain and across the grain, than young wood. As a result, dried ancient wood has a unique texture that resembles an alligator's back.
Color is sometimes helpful in identifying ancient wood. Oak logs turn black inside within a few hundred years of being buried in soil or submerged in water. Some ancient wood changes from light brown to black within seconds of being broken and exposed to the air. On the other hand, some black walnut wood retains its color even after 8,000 years of burial in sediments.
Like modern wood, ancient wood provides habitat for insects, fishes, mammals and other animals. Ancient trees and logs can also change the force and direction of stream current, providing backwater areas and deep pools where fish can rest and feed.
Unlike modern wood, ancient wood often contains deep fissures that provide dragonflies and other invertebrates, crayfishes and leeches places where they can rest, feed and complete key stages in their life cycles. Portions of ancient logs and trees that rise above the water's surface are used for rest, refuge and travel by turtles, otters, beavers, muskrats, raccoons, and birds.
|Age of wood
|Lamine River
|Mussel Fork Creek
|Cedar Creek
|Locust Creek
|Hinkson Creek
|Current River
|Fabius River
|Brushy Creek
Ancient wood in Missouri streams can improve our understanding of historic conditions in bottomland forests, how these forests have changed over the millennia, and how trees and streams interact. Ancient oak in streams may lead to the development of oak tree-ring chronologies that can be used to model the productivity of bottomland forests and reconstruct climate over the past 12,000 years. Analyzing buried forest litter layers can reveal the composition and relative abundance of tree species in ancient bottomland forests. The age and mass of ancient wood can be used to understand the role that bottomland forests and rivers play in the global carbon balance and climate change.
Trees are such a natural part of stream communities that we often take them for granted as we canoe, fish, wade, and swim. The next time your canoe bumps up against a submerged log in the stream, or you cast your lure into a deep pool behind a fallen tree, think about how old that wood might be, how it came to rest there, and where it may be in a thousand years. The longevity of wood in Missouri streams help us better appreciate, understand and manage our forests and streams.


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Citing work stress and related issues, various GT members spent time overseas seeking spiritual enlightenment through the development of SkyChi, the combination of freefall and the Chinese internal martial art of Tai Chi. Long known for its ability to improve both balance and psychological health SkyChi provided GT with the calming influence they were looking for.
In early 2009, GT looked to extend its spiritual enlightenment, and began spending time in Norway to train in non-contact Skyjitsu or NJJ, the combination of freefall and non-contact Jiu Jitsu. While NJJ provided both the physical and mental benefits GT was seeking, their desire to re-enter the competitive world reignited.July 19th, 2014Round 1Round 2Round 3Round 4Round 5Round 6Round 7Round 8TotalAvgRankAAA Class4,K,1520,H,O,LC,J,17,3A,1,147,13,16M,Q,12,11B,9,P,N21,10,GTotalAvg1Elsinore GT (US)172619161517--11018.32VAF Warriors (DK)142016111115231312315.43Prime Pickles (DK)111613121114211110913.64Aerodyne Steam (DK)141615111013191010813.55Bad Boys (CZ)11161311912--7212.06Veto (DK)88119811147769.57CZ Ladies (CZ)910109910--579.5
Training quietly under coach John "DC-3" Hamilton in Thailand (Skuay Thai), China (SkyChi), Norway (NJJ) and various US locations for aerial wrestling, Elsinore GT is now ready to compete on the highest levels.
Steve Miller provided more information: "In 2013, Urijah Faber and Amp Energy formed Full Contact Skydiving (FCS). To our surprise, GT now had a home for our athletes and our approach to the sport. We had no idea that Mr. Faber's camp was also training in Norway. They really kept their training a secret."
Then he explained how GT created their own way: "Two different styles, two different philosophies, similar to the striker/grappler debate in earthbound MMA. While we have great respect for freefly based fighters, and they are tough guys, belly-flying provides a more stable platform and a significant advantage over the freefly techniques. If you watch the FCS video, and we have spent considerable time studying the tape, the AMP Energy team works a lot on what Mr. Faber calls Fanning Out. Similar to the sprawl in MMA, belly-flying eliminates the time necessary to transition to belly before making the vertical move. What we lose in pure vertical speed, we more than make up for in horizontal speed and transition saving time."
He thinks that John "DC-3" Hamilton is the best at what he does, and that a skydiving base is essential to winning: "We look forward to meeting our freefly friends in the sky. It will be exciting. We want the belts badly. The pay-per-view buys will be huge. We will put on a good show for the fans."
When asked about their return to more traditional skydiving competition, Steve Miller continued: "GT quickly discovered that after training with competitors trying to punch you in the face, choke you or unnaturally bend your limbs in freefall, traditional 4-way seemed significantly easier and more peaceful."July 30th, 2005Round 1Round 2Round 3Round 4Round 5Round 6TotalAvgRankAAA ClassE F 16 10K B H A M4 19 CG 15 18J 22 2120 D 6TotalAvg1Elsinore GT1223121111118013.3June 25th, 2005Round 1Round 2Round 3Round 4Round 5Round 6TotalAvgRankAAA ClassD N 15 FO Q G 11H 3 198 5 KM 20 1317 L C 9TotalAvg1Elsinore GT1918141413189616.0August 7th, 2004Round 1Round 2Round 3Round 4Round 5Round 6TotalAvgRankAAA Class14-4-1811-D-1J-16-O-1920-2-5F-L-M-6K-7-E-8TotalAvg1Elsinore GT1113151219118113.5June 19th, 2004Round 1Round 2Round 3Round 4Round 5Round 6TotalAvgRankAAA ClassL-11-1018-4-C12-2-8B-D-21-Q6-P-713-F-H-NTotalAvg1Elsinore GT1313101816168614.3May 1st, 2004Round 1Round 2Round 3Round 4Round 5Round 6TotalAvgRankAAA Class1-15-1417-22-207-J-M-89-3-B18-A-124-F-10TotalAvg1Elsinore GT1110141511127312.2
However, GT is not as well funded as the other camps yet, but Steve Miller will soon be reaching out to the team's former sponsors, including our energy drink sponsor Go Fast Energy: "We are extremely excited about renewing our relationships with our sponsors. Although we will be participating in the FCS International Circuit during 2014 U.S. Nationals, we look forward to returning to traditional 4-way during the 2015 season.
He said that GT will be holding both tunnel and jumping camps next year largely in connection with the SCSL meets: "Keep your eyes out for the schedule. In air self-defense is an essential skill set. You never know when some nutjob will come crashing through your formation." Names of the full Elsinore GT roster have yet to be disclosed...


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Mon, Jun 11, 2012 -- 10:00 AM
Dave EggersDownload audio (MP3)
David Shankbone/Wikimedia Commons
David Shankbone/Wikimedia Commons
Writer Dave Eggers returns, this time with a much-anticipated new novel "A Hologram for the King," which follows a struggling, middle-aged American businessman working in Saudi Arabia. Eggers joins us to discuss the book and one of its central themes: the decline of American manufacturing.
Host: Michael Krasny
- Dave Eggers, author, founder and editor of McSweeney's and co-founder of 826 Valencia, a network of nonprofit writing and tutoring centers
More info:
- About the book "A Hologram for the King" : at IndieBound.org
We'll also get the latest on Eggers' efforts to promote college access and literacy for youth.


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This is Pepper! A 1.5 year old Miniature Pinscher female who was rescued from a horrible neglectful owner by HOPE RESCUES, after a concerned neighbor reported the abusers.
Pepper lived nearly 1 year wearing a harness that had never been adjusted from her puppy size. The harness became so tight, as she grew it became embedded in her flesh. Her wounds were very deep and after extensive vet care, and herbal remedy baths those torturous wounds have healed and the scars are now nearly invisible! Pepper weighs 9 lbs and is full grown. She's house trained, loves car rides and snuggle time with her humans and his incredibly loving and affectionate. She goes to doggie daycare every day and plays very well with other dogs. She LOVES all humans, children and adults, who agree to carry her. But make no mistake, she loves to go on leash adventures!
Learn more about Hope Rescues, or follow them on Facebook!


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The Breckenridge Country Club will host its Club Championship Tournament at 1 p.m. Saturday, July 12, and Sunday, July 13.
The cost to enter is $20 per player and is open to club members only.
Pro Shop store credit will be awarded to the top three participants in each flight.
All club members are encouraged to participate in the tournament.
The Breckenridge will also host a three person scramble Aug. 9 and 10.


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LinHES R8.3 Released
The LinHES Dev team is pleased to announce the release of LinHES R8.3!
LinHES R8.3 brings updates to the kernel, system libraries, nvidia drivers, the latest MythTV 0.27.4-fixes, and many other parts of LinHES. LinHES R8.3 now includes the option to install Plex Home Theater. Additionally XBMC has been updated to Kodi.
Release notes and upgrade instructions can be found here.
LinHES R8.2 Released
The LinHES Dev team is pleased to announce the release of LinHES R8.2!
LinHES R8.2 brings updates to the kernel, system libraries, Service Menu options, MythTV 0.27.4, LinHES theme and many other parts of LinHES.
With R8.2 there are no other changes that users need to do for the Schedule Direct URL change. Users of Schedules Direct and LinHES R8.1 or earlier should update to LinHES R8.2 or will need to perform the /etc/host file solution.
Release notes and upgrade instructions can be found here.
Linhes.org was offline
Linhes was offline due to a firewall change. The change was bit aggressive and ended up blocking all traffic to the website. If your reading this, then the problem has been resolved.
Do not update from testing
The testing repo is currently unstable and will require specific steps to update from it. At this time please do not update any testing systems. Doing so may cause your system to become unusable.
LinHES R8.1 released
The LinHES Dev team is pleased to announce the release of LinHES R8.1. This builds upon R8.0 and is the first LinHES release using MythTV .27.
Release notes and upgrade instructions can be found here:
LinHES R8 Released
The LinHES Dev team is pleased to announce the release of LinHES R8! You'll find many exciting changes and updates in this release including a new OSD messaging system and overall better system integration of standalone systems and remote frontends. For more details check out the Release Notes as well as the the guide for Upgrading LinHES R7.x to R8.
Special thanks to jams for all his hard work and making LinHES R8 great!
LinHES R8 status (1 comment)
Work on R8 (64 bits) is slightly behind schedule, but it is progressing at a steady pace.
Last week the base of the system was checked into the repository, and the R7 series was branched off to avoid conflicts.
There are some new things, plenty of bug fixes but still the same system you know and love.
Just a heads up, this version is intended to be installed on a new system as it requires a new partition scheme.
The database and files from a R7 system can be imported without issue, but it will require a little bit of help.
LinHES R7.4 "rdt"
It was 9 years ago today that KnoppMyth R1 was first released. It was also 9 years ago when I first met R. Dale Thomas (rdt). At first, Dale host the ISO for KnoppMyth. Shortly there after, he started helping me with development. Living a relative short distance from one another, Dale and I became friends. Unfortunately, the good ones depart us all too soon. I miss my friend and so it is in his honor I release LinHES R7.4 to mark the ninth anniversary of KnoppMyth/LinHES.
The changelog is sparse. This release is primarily to mark the anniversary and to remember our friend. ripD was originally written by me but he spruced it up a great deal. It originally only mirrored a DVD. Since MythTV no longer has menu entries for backup your DVD, I've added the functionality to LinHES. Also included is MythTV 0.25.2. If you are running LinHES R7.3, a simple
pacman -Syu will do. If you are running an earlier version, see this post on upgrading.
LinHES R7.3
The LinHES team and I are happy to announce the release of R7.3 (Crave). The changelog is up. To upgrade see this forum post.
URL and domain name shuffle
During the recovery from the recent hardware failure, some services were moved to new locations.
The change made the rebuild easier and will make future administration easier
Below is a list of services and their URLS.
- Main website http://www.linhes.org
- Cgit http://cgit.linhes.org
- Forums http://forum.linhes.org
- Mailing lists http://lists.linhes.org
The domains knoppmyth.net and mysettopbox.tv will be redirected to linhes.org
We apologize for the inconvenience™
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Teach me how to live: a second devotional journey with Kay Arthur
F.H. Revell Co., Sep 1, 1983 - Religion - 378 pages
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Review: Teach Me How to LiveUser Review - Goodreads
One of my favorites. Currently out of print, My copyis nearly 30 years old. I have read it so many times the binding is falling apart. This is a devotional gem! Read full review
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read from May 2009 - April 2010 Even though it's 30 years old, it's still applicable for today (expect for that part where she suspects Jesus will return before the year 2000.... doh!) Arther's ... Read full review
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Forged from layers of lava, monster volcanoes may hide undersea or loom over land. These giant cones are often gentle giants called shield volcanoes — broad, low volcanoes formed almost entirely from runny, low viscosity lava. Taller, more explosive volcanoes usually destroy themselves with massive eruptions.

We admit that picking a list of the world's biggest volcanoes can be arbitrary, but LiveScience has narrowed the list by focusing on estimated volume, not height. By this measure, the newly discovered Tamu Massif, at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean, is at the top of the list. (But Tamu is only about 13,000 feet tall (4,000 meters), much shorter than Hawaii's Mauna Loa volcano, which towers 30,000 feet (9,170 m) above the seafloor.)

So, in no particular order, here are five of the largest volcanoes on Earth.

Volume: 600,000 cubic miles (2.5 million cubic km)

Tamu Massif handily earns its spot at the top of the list of the world's biggest volcanoes. So why didn't anyone know about until Sept. 5, 2013? The massive shield volcano sits under the Pacific Ocean, about 1,000 miles (1,600 km) east of Japan. It's part of a volcanic plateau called the Shatsky Rise, and only after two decades of research did scientists realize Tamu was a single volcano. It's that much bigger than any volcano seen before on Earth. But in height, Tamu hits only 2.5 miles (4 km), pretty average as volcanoes go. Tamu is extinct: Its last eruption was about 144 million years ago.

Volume: 1,150 cubic miles (4,800 cubic kilometers)

The majestic Mount Kilimanjaro is Africa's most famous volcano. The sleeping giant is a composite of three volcanoes that tower above Tanzania and Kenya. Unlike most of the other volcanoes on this list, Kilimanjaro is an explosive, cone-shaped stratovolcano. The last major eruption was 360,000 years ago, but small craters at the summit could be less than 10,000 years old.

Volume: 9,600 cubic miles (40,000 cubic kilometers)

Mauna Loa is runner-up to Tamu Massif for the world's biggest volcano. Also an enormous ocean volcano, Mauna Loa is one of five volcanoes on the Big Island of Hawaii. Its most recent eruption was in 1984, and Mauna Loa has spewed lava 33 times in the past 170 years. Geologists estimate it took nearly 1 million years to build Hawaii, from the first time lava punched through the Pacific Ocean seafloor to the island we see today.

Volume: 110 cubic miles (450 cubic km)

Remote and rugged, Ichinsky volcano is one of the largest of 29 active volcanoes on Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula. Cloaked in glaciers and recent lava flows, the striking peak is also a stratovolcano. Explosive eruptions in the last 10,000 years tossed lava fragments and ash at least 9 miles (15 km) from Ichinsky's cone. Signs of past lahars, lethal mudflows from melted ice, snow and erupting volcanic material, also fill the valley below the mountain. Beautiful but deadly!

Volume: 140 cubic miles (580 cubic km)

The famed Galapagos Islands exist thanks to active volcanoes. In 2005, Sierra Negra, one of the biggest volcanoes in the Galapagos, blasted out a column of ash 25,000 feet (7.5 km) high. As with Hawaii's Mauna Loa volcano, Sierra Negra is one of several volcanoes that helped build Isla Isabela, the largest of the Galapagos Islands. The volcano has erupted more than 60 times since Charles Darwin visited in 1835.

Email Becky Oskin or follow her @beckyoskin. Follow us @LiveScience, Facebook & Google+.