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Equine Drugs
by Veterinary Advances Ltd
Developer Notes
Covering 419 different drugs in 659 dose regimens this is an essential reference for any veterinarian treating horses.
This very popular iOS App is now available for Android. Drugs can be searched for by generic name or alternative name, including many trade names. Incorporates a handy dose...


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MNicole_1stTMommy's Mom Answers Activity
MNicole_1stTMommy is a star in these topics:
Pregnancy > Inside Your Womb (1 helpful answer)
I'm 34 weeks pregnant, is there an otc med I can take for a yeast infection?
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I'm currently using it... I wasn't told if it was okay or not, but I'm just using it on the outer surfaces, and will ask tomorrow if the ...posted by Telenac
how far along am i?
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i dont knowposted by a BabyCenter Member
What to do when binky falls out during night?
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HI, did yo get any more advice. My 4month old is doing the same thing. She used to sleep through the night. Now I am waking up 5 or mo...posted by Mom 24_7_
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At 4 months she should be getting mostly breastmilk or formula. You said bottle so I assume you are not breastfeeding? Solids should come...posted by momsangel03
Meal Plan for 4 month old?
posted by MNicole_1stTMommy 11/15/2010
Has anyone tried "Internet CEO moms"?
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ArmyBoo86, you are right. It really is about working. So many people who are looking for work from home want a get rich quick scheme, o...posted by jaysmomishome
37 weeks and 3 days along, 2 cm and 75% effaced yesterday...
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Hi Nicole! I am actually in the exact same boat as you as of today..75% effaced and 2 cm. I see that you posted that a little over a week...posted by Charrity82
is it normal that im not having the all the signs of pregnancy such as tender breasts?
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Same here. I didnt find out I was pregnant till about 9 weeks and didnt even feel like i was pregnant until about 6 months. I never had a...posted by a BabyCenter Member

subset: commoncrawl


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Revenue blocks Ingenious film loss relief
Business leaders, sports stars and celebrities including footballer David Beckham, singer Bob Geldof and Lucian Grainge, chief executive of Universal Media Group, are likely to be caught up in yet another film partnership tribunal hearing, reports Nick Huber.
The partnerships, which have attracted more than £700m, invest in the making of films such as Avatar, computer games such as Dirt, one of the rally racing game series backed by driver Colin McRae, according to the Financial Times. Other people who reportedly invested include footballer Wayne Rooney, cricketer Andrew Flintoff, and composer Andrew Lloyd Webber.
Following a lengthy stand-off during which HMRC said it was investigating the arrangements of film partnerships operated by Ingenious, the media company said in a letter to investors that it had requested closure notices from HMRC in order for it to put the cases forward for hearing at the first tier tax tribunal.
The full article is available to registered AccountingWEB members only. To read the rest of this article you'll need to login or register.
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i dont think this one will run
my money is on ingenious
nor I
The odds on Ing v HMRC are pretty good; are ladbooks offering odds? Their schemes never sailed ouside the limits in my experience whereas it was the blatant attempt of other producers and promoters that tipped over the apple cart.
Good products such as Band of Brothers and Shakleton wer made with early FP funding but reruns of Coronation Street and attempt to use film clips for mobile phones? Com'on!
It was hardly surprising the DCMS got ansy
Time taken to get to Tribunal
It is interesting that the appellants note that they expect to get to the FTT "towards the end of 2013 i.e. there could be a 15 months delay.
I understand from speaking to others that the listing time for the FTT is now about 76 weeks. Given that the listing may follow say two or three years of correspondence/internal reviews etc before the impasse has been reached and there could be several more years of delay if HMRC loose at the FTT and appeal to the High Court and beyond the wheels of justice now appear to be moving very slowly.
It has been suggested to me by a firm specialising in enquiry work that there are 20,000 unresolved cases stacked up awaiting a FTT hearing.
It would be interesting to know whether others have more concrete and first hand information about the FTT's workload.
Misleading headline?
I'm not sure that the headline goes with the rest of this story.
As far as I can see HMRC haven't refused the tax relief.......they've just refused to make a decision!
Having looked at the Ingenious Investment documentation and track record I can't see how HMRC can say that the partnerships aren't set up to trade at a profit.
and to think... 2 thanks
i thought this line up of celebs were simply trying to avoid tax using a scheme set up specifically with them in mind...but actually they have an express interest in helping the uk film industry thrive, and to do so are willing to throw money at these projects without any expectation of a return.
cynical moi?!
@justso - oh yes you you are!
and to think they might have made a profit as well............ not trading mmmm
what really gets up HMRC noses
is the gearing up of investmenst by borrowing - this was pioneered , on a grand scale, by the property enterprise trusts back in late 80s and early 90 s
John Harbord Hamond Director
John Harbord Hamond Director of Patrick McKenna's Ingenious Film Partnership 2 LLP losses were recorded from 2010 to 2011 of circa GBP 400m. If the Police had done thier job properly in 2010, his asetts would have been frozen and the alarm raised before investors lost so many hundreds of millions. See John Harbord Hamond Theft: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwPeqCDQS7M


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Grand Theft Auto Online: Crime World
Revision as of 22:52, October 16, 2013 by Cloudkit01 (Talk | contribs)
11,127pages on
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this wiki
Grand Theft Auto Online Crime World was a Grand Theft Auto title in development for PC around 1999. It was seemingly cancelled sometime around 2001 before GTA 3 saw release. The game was never heard from again after its brief and silent announcement in a gaming magazine.
- Had the game not been cancelled, it would of been the first fully online Grand Theft Auto title.
- While it was cancelled, it is possible they planned to make GTA 3 online instead of releasing this stand alone title, although the online play for GTA 3 was cut early in development.


text: Info Search results 484 items matching your search terms. Filter the results. Item type Select All/None Page Event File Folder Form Folder Image Link News Item Templated Document Collection New items since Yesterday Last week Last month Ever Sort by relevance · date (newest first) · alphabetically PrEP treatment prevented HIV transmission in humanized mice Monday, January 19, 2010 — Systemic pre-exposure administration of antiretroviral drugs provides protection against intravenous and rectal transmission of HIV in mice with human immune systems, according to a new study published Jan. 21, 2010 in the online journal PLoS ONE. Located in News / 2010 / January Irelands north and south in cross border research collaboration with UNC Monday, November 1, 2010 — The joint NIH (to UNC), Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland matching grant totals roughly $2 million a year over four years. Located in News / 2010 / November UNC physician-scientist receives grant to study breast cancer brain metastases Fri, Mar 25, 2011 — The grant will fund laboratory research to test whether a new class of drugs called PARP-inhibitors, which have successfully been used to treat other types of cancers, along with nanoparticle anti-cancer agents may be effective in treating brain metastases from triple-negative breast cancer. Located in News / 2011 / March Raj Pruthi named chief of urologic surgery in UNC School of Medicine Wednesday, December 1, 2010 — In addition to his new role as division chief, Pruthi is an associate professor of surgery and director of urologic oncology. He also serves as disease group leader for the Genitourinary Oncology program at the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center. Located in News / 2010 / December UNC scientists tackle viral mysteries Monday, June 29, 2009 — Scientists know that some cancers are triggered by viruses, which take over cellular systems and cause uncontrolled cell growth. Doctors – and patients who get shingles late in life – have also known for many years that some viruses, particularly the herpes virus, can lie dormant in a person's cells for long periods of time and then reactivate, causing disease. These viruses also cause significant disease in immunosuppressed people and those living with HIV/AIDS. Located in News / 2009 / June UNC study: New genomic test may guide breast cancer treatment choices Monday, February 9, 2009 — Scientists at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have developed a new genomic test designed to help clinicians predict which breast cancer patients are most likely to survive the disease and which treatments may be most effective in increasing those chances of survival. Located in News / 2009 / February Study: Specific PTSD symptoms related to anger and aggressiveness among Iraq/Afghanistan veterans Tuesday, June 15, 2010 — Focusing on certain PTSD symptoms may be key to treating anger among Iraq/Afghanistan veterans, according to a study led by University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Veterans Affairs researchers. Located in News / 2010 / June UNC scientist receives grant to address lung cancer disparities Samuel Cykert, MD, has received a $1.8 million five-year grant from the American Cancer Society (ACS) to study "Lung Cancer Surgery: Decisions Against Life Saving Care." Located in News / 2011 / May A single atom controls motility required for bacterial infection Monday, January 4, 2010 — Researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have discovered that a single atom – a calcium, in fact – can control how bacteria walk. The finding identifies a key step in the process by which bacteria infect their hosts, and could one day lead to new drug targets to prevent infection. Located in News / 2010 / January Arthritis Foundation's 2012 Triangle Arthritis Walk Located in Events « Previous 10 items Next 10 items » 1 [2] 3 4 5 6 7 ... 49


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Link Potluckon March 29, 2012 at 12:01 AM
• This is either creepy or awesome or both. I found a collection of Soviet space propaganda posters, which is interesting on its own, but check out the fourth poster as you scroll down. Yes, it appears that Neil Patrick Harris once worked for the Soviet space program. I can only imagine that he defected and caused the whole endeavor to collapse.
• Jeff Bezos, Amazon.com founder and space-fan, says he's going to retrieve the sunken engines from Apollo 11 from the bottom of the ocean. James Cameron was unavailable for comment.
• This is probably the darkest Darkwing Duck I've seen in a while.
• It looks like the next Playstation system will be awfully restrictive, especially when it comes to used games and connectivity. Sadly, I bet they're not going to be the only console out there to pull this kind of stuff.
• If you remember coin-op games like "Crossbow," you'll find familiarity in A Simple Day. Try to shoot the oncoming and lurking monsters that threaten your valiant party of adventurers. Shoot stuff to look for hidden bonuses. Rage at the unfairness as the game gets progressively harder.


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While high atop Kotaku Tower we sit in high-backed chairs around a marble and gold inlaid table pondering our official Game of the Year, commenter GiantBoyDetective and friends organize their very own awards, and you can help in today's Speak Up on Kotaku.
Alright. So I think we should start the research for The Speakys (SpeakUps very own awards!)
I think each category should have ten games max.
Let's start with the basics.
- Best Wii Exclusive
- Best PS3 Exclusive
- Best 360 Exclusive
- Best DS/3DS Exclusive
- Best Multi-Platform Game
I'ma work on the Wii list. Anyone wanna volunteer for the others? Obviously we can fine tune these lists as we go. Any takers?
Editor's Note: Figured you guys could use an official place to organize.


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Boise Inc. To Present At Wells Fargo Securities Industrial Conference
BOISE, Idaho, June 11 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- Boise Inc. (NYSE: BZ) announced today that Jason Bowman, Director of Investor Relations, is scheduled to present a company overview at the Wells Fargo Securities Industrial Conference in New York on Tuesday, June 15, 2010, at 3:45 p.m. ET. The presentation will be webcast live and archived for 90 days following the conference. In order to access the webcast, please go to www.BoiseInc.com and click on the link to the webcast under Webcasts & Presentations on the Investors drop-down menu.About Boise Inc. Headquartered in Boise, Idaho, Boise Inc. (NYSE: BZ) manufactures packaging products and papers including corrugated containers, containerboard, label and release and flexible packaging papers, imaging papers for the office and home, printing and converting papers, newsprint, and market pulp. Our employees are committed to delivering excellent value while managing our businesses to sustain environmental resources for future generations. Visit our website at www.BoiseInc.com. SOURCE Boise Inc.
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Mo. Rep. upset by gay-themed T-shirt at book fair
Friday, October 18, 2013
NIXA, Mo. (AP) — A Missouri state representative said he was unhappy that two high school students were wearing gay-supportive T-shirts while working at an elementary school book fair.
Rep. Kevin Elmer, a Republican from Nixa, said Thursday that he saw the shirts promoting the Nixa High School Gay-Straight Alliance at his third-grade child's elementary school. The shirt features an icon of gay, straight and lesbian couples with their arms around each other's shoulders, with the word "HARMONY."
Elmer tweeted Thursday "Nixa Schools failure. HS students working elementary school book fair in gay t-shirts," along with a picture of the T-shirt.
Elmer told The Springfield News-Leader (http://sgfnow.co/H7TXDM ) that he did not object to high school students belonging to the gay-straight alliance or expressing their views, but that he doesn't think they should be doing so at an elementary school.
"I just think it's inappropriate to be promoting any sexual relationship in an elementary school, whether it's heterosexual or homosexual," Elmer said.
He said he should be able to decide when to discuss certain topics with his children.
"It's not a gay rights issue, it's a parental issue," Elmer said.
Stephanie Perkins, deputy director of PROMO, a Missouri LGBT advocacy organization, said children as young as third grade have likely had interactions with gay and lesbians, and that parents should have age-appropriate conversations with their children about the topic.
Nixa schools spokeswoman Zac Rantz said the district has many student-initiated organizations, from Gay-Straight Alliance to the Fellowship of Christian Athletes and other groups.
Information from: Springfield News-Leader, http://www.news-leader.com
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yungmamy's Mom Answers Activity
At five months old how many oz of formula should a baby be eating?
Most recent answer (08/05/2010):
Babies need between 25 and 40 oz of formula. It is best to let her dictate how much she wants to eat - if she is not hungry and is having...posted by unipride
Is it normal that my 5 month old crys during sleep every night?
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She's fine. -Just dreaming. My second was fine, but my first child I had to move out of the bedroom w/ us b/c he kept doing the same th...posted by Anne4nra
trying to be strong
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Hi there. I want to encourage you to join the Down syndrome pregnancy board in the BBC Community section. All are welcome to post, even...posted by AimeePB
Breast tenderness....
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We have been having sex almost daily for the last month, with the exception of 4 days. Those being during my period and the day I spotte...posted by a BabyCenter Member
Do babies take longer to talk when to languages are spoken at home?
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My kids did talk a bit later and the older two did have a bit of an accent in both languages LOL, but all is well now. When my 3rd guy d...posted by mama in france
What do my symtoms or pain mean at 34 weeks?
Most recent answer (07/11/2010):
could be braxton hicks..posted by yungmamy
I'm 9 weeks pregnant with no symptoms. SHould I be concerned?
Most recent answer (07/10/2010):
actually no gain weight and even weight loss is normal the first and second trimester. as for no morning sickness u shouldnt b worried u ...posted by yungmamy


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The Great Race
Penguin Group (USA) Incorporated, Aug 1, 1999 - Juvenile Fiction - 181 pages
The worldwide race to design a virtual spaceship is dangerously disrupted when someone tries to steal valuable technology and it is up to the Net Force team to find the culprits before real damage is done. Original. TV tie-in.
From inside the book
35 pages matching net force explorers the great race in this book
Where's the rest of this book?
Results 1-3 of 35
What people are saying - Write a review
We haven't found any reviews in the usual places.
Common terms and phrases
actor ahead Alex anarcho-libertarian Andy Moore Arcturan asteroid belt began boys buoy cadet Carpathian Alliance Casa Falldown catch Cetnik compulink computer-link couch console Constellation contestants Corteguayan course crew Derle display door engines eyes face flatscreen Force Explorers force-field Fosdyke friends girl glanced going grin guys hand Hara Hollywood holo hyperspace Jorge kids Lance Snowdon laptop Laragant laughed Leif Anderson Leif asked Leif nodded Leif replied Leif thought Leif told Leif's Ludmila Mars Matt and Andy Milos Wallenstein muttered Nils Olsen Onrust Pinnacle Productions Pinnacle Studios pretty pulled race racers sails screen seemed Setangi ship ship's shook his head shrugged smile space stared stuff suddenly supposed sword-ship talking tell there's thing Thurien took trying turned Ultimate Frontier Vakerain veeyar vessel viewscreen virtual voice watching who'd Yeah Zoltan


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Interest Level
Grades 6 - 8
Reading Level
Grade level Equivalent: 4.8
Lexile® Measure: 520L
Guided Reading: V
- Mystery and Suspense
- Character and Values
- Culture and Diversity
- Friends and Friendship
About This BookWhen her best friend, Meat, narrowly escapes a hired gunman's bullet, Herculeah Jones has another mystery on her hands. Just as she begins to piece together the clues, she's kidnapped and taken to Death's Door, a deserted bookstore that may be too aptly named. Because somewhere in the dark, stalking Herculeah, is the assassin -- and this time, he's determined not to miss.
Items Added to Cart:
1 Paperback
2 Hardcover
1 Teacher's Edition
$48.99 Subtotal


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For More Information Contact: Angela Bradbery (202) 588-7741
For Immediate Release: March 23rd, 2006
Benzene in Some Soft Drinks Prompts Call for Halt on Sales in Schools
In response to recent findings by scientists at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and elsewhere that certain soft drinks may contain amounts of the carcinogen benzene above the U.S. legal limit for drinking water, Commercial Alert and public health advocates sent letters today to all U.S. chief state school officers, asking them to stop the sale and marketing of these soft drinks in public schools, until they can be proven safe and free from benzene contamination.
The letter was written and organized by Commercial Alert, a nonprofit organization that protects children and communities from commercialism. The letter follows.
Dear Chief State School Officer:
As you may know, scientists at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and elsewhere have found that some soft drinks sold commonly in the U.S. contain concentrations of benzene above the U.S. legal limit for drinking water.
Benzene is classified as a known human carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Chronic exposure to benzene is associated with leukemia, aplastic anemia and other blood diseases. Children may be especially sensitive to benzene because their bone marrow cells are highly active.
Accordingly, we urge you and local school officials to cease the sale and marketing of certain soft drinks in public schools until they are shown to be safe and free of the toxic substance benzene.
Soft drink manufacturers are not adding benzene to the drinks directly. Rather, the compound is formed by a reaction of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and sodium or potassium benzoate (which are used as preservatives)—especially in the presence of light or heat. Soft drinks that contain ascorbic acid and sodium or potassium benzoate include Diet Pepsi Wild Cherry, Fanta Orange, Hawaiian Punch, Mug Root Beer, Pepsi Vanilla, Sierra Mist, Sunkist and Tropicana Lemonade, among others.
The evidence of benzene contamination of soft drinks is coming from many quarters, and it is mounting. On February 15th, Beverage Daily reported that recent tests had shown that some soft drinks contain benzene at levels "above the legal limit for water set by the US and Europe." According to Beverage Daily, independent tests at a laboratory in New York found benzene levels in a couple of soft drinks contain two-and-a-half and five times the World Health Organization limit for drinking water, which is more permissive than is the U.S. standard.
Then, on March 4th, the Times of London reported that just 100 of the 230 soft drinks tested for benzene met the standard for British water, "with some containing up to eight times the legal limit."
Of course, benzene exposure is not the only way that soft drinks can harm children's health. In addition, there is substantial evidence that sugar-sweetened drinks are contributing to the epidemics of childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes.
It is irresponsible to provide to schoolchildren products that are unhealthy and may contain a carcinogen. Please, halt the sale and marketing of soft drinks that contain ascorbic acid and sodium or potassium benzoate, until you can look parents in the eye and assure them that their children will suffer no harm.
Claire L. Barnett, Executive Director, Healthy Schools Network, Inc.
Leon Eisenberg, MD, Professor of Social Medicine Emeritus, Harvard Medical School
Michael F. Jacobson, PhD, Executive Director, Center for Science in the Public Interest
Carden Johnston, MD, FAAP, FRCP, Past President, American Academy of Pediatrics
David L. Katz, MD, MPH, FACPM, FACP, Director, Yale Prevention Research Center
David Ozonoff, MD, MPH, Professor of Environmental Health; Chair Emeritus, Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health
Kenneth Rosenman, MD, Professor of Medicine, Chief, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Michigan State University
Gary Ruskin, Executive Director, Commercial Alert
Vic Strasburger, MD, Professor of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine
<----letter ends here---->
In 1990, the National Soft Drink Association told the FDA about the problem of benzene contamination in soft drinks. The FDA did some testing of benzene levels, but did not make its findings public.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has set its limit on benzene in drinking water at 5 parts per billion (ppb). In its "consumer factsheet" on benzene, the EPA states that "EPA has found benzene to potentially cause the following health effects when people are exposed to it at levels above the MCL [Maximum Contaminant Level – for benzene, 5 ppb] for relatively short periods of time: temporary nervous system disorders, immune system depression, anemia."
Commercial Alert is a nonprofit organization based in Portland, Oregon. Our mission is to keep the commercial culture within its proper sphere, and to prevent it from exploiting children and subverting the higher values of family, community, environmental integrity and democracy. For more information, see our website at: http://www.commercialalert.org.
For more information about soft drinks in schools, and benzene contamination, see:
A list of soft drinks containing both ascorbic acid and sodium or potassium benzoate is at http://www.commercialalert.org/softdrinklist.pdf.
For background on benzene contamination of soft drinks, see:


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To schedule a radiology appointment, please contact our call center at 888.364.6400.
What is a Brain MRI?
A specialized, computer guided procedure which combines the use of a magnetic field and radio waves to produce detailed pictures of the head and brain.
Currently MRI is the most sensitive imaging test of the head, particularly the brain, in routine clinical practice.
What to expect?
The procedure usually takes 30 to 60 minutes. Sometimes an injection of dye is given to help see the blood vessels and finer structures of the brain.
What are some of the common uses?
MRI scanning of the brain is typically used to detect:
What to do?
There is no preparation necessary for this test except the removal of all metal (ie: jewelry, watches, glasses, etc.). You will be asked to fill out a screening form before the test to assure your safety.
Note: Patients with pacemakers and certain other implants are not eligible for this exam.
How will I learn the results?
A neuroradiologist will review and analyze the images and send a signed report to your primary care or referring physician, who will discuss the results with you.
Schedule an Appointment
To schedule an appointment, please call 888.364.6400.


text:
Article Date: 5/1/2012
Bausch + Lomb (B+L) has announced that it will acquire Ista Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in a transaction expected to be finalized in the second quarter of 2012. Under the terms of the transaction, which was unanimously approved by the boards of directors of both companies, B+L will purchase Ista for $9.10 per share in cash, or a total of approximately $500 million.
B+L officials said that the acquisition accelerates its strategy to strengthen its pipeline and marketed products and capabilities. Ista's portfolio includes nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory, allergy, glaucoma and spreading agents, which B+L officials said would complement its existing prescription and over-the-counter eye health products. The companies also have complementary development pipelines. Ista's pipeline includes candidates in various stages of development to treat various ocular conditions including inflammation and pain, while B+L's pipeline includes the first of a new class of ocular anti-inflammatory agents and an approach to reducing intraocular pressure in patients who have open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
Brent Saunders, president and chief executive officer, B+L, said that because the company already manufactures nearly all of Ista's current U.S. products, the companies are well-known to each other and share a strong overlapping U.S. customer base.
■ CooperVision, Inc. recently announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has granted a Special 510(k) clearance for the Avaira Toric two-week silicone hydrogel contact lenses for astigmatism. Cooper-Vision will re-launch Avaira Toric with shipments available for select distribution beginning in early May 2012.
CooperVision initiated a recall of select lots of Avaira Toric lenses on Aug. 19, 2011 because of the unintended presence of a residue on certain lots of Avaira Toric lenses, which may cause temporary hazy vision and discomfort. Following the initiation of the recall, the company received some additional complaints of severe eye pain. In November 2011, Contact Lens Spectrum reported that the recall had affected approximately 600,000 Avaira Toric lenses in the United States, according to CooperVision. In the fall, CooperVision expanded the recall to also include certain lots of Avaira Sphere lenses.
After thorough investigation, CooperVision identified the root cause of the condition and took the appropriate corrective actions, including manufacturing improvements, a new quality test, and increased quality standards. The company also put in place new metrics to track key quality parameters. All Avaira sphere and toric contact lens manufacturing lines are subjected to the additional quality controls put in place. A Cooper-Vision representative said the company is confident that these additional quality controls and manufacturing improvements rectified the manufacturing issue that occurred on limited lots of Avaira Sphere and Avaira Toric lenses.
CooperVision received the Special 510(k) clearance from the FDA to manufacture and resume shipping Avaira Toric lenses.
The Gas Permeable Lens Institute (GPLI) will host its next clinical symposium on June 3, 2012, in Denver (Lakewood), Col. The faculty for the event will feature some of the foremost GP lens experts in the United States including Dr. Christine Sindt, Dr. Tom Quinn, Dr. Shawna Vanderhoof, Dr. Perry Umlauf, Dr. Mindy Toabe, and GPLI Executive Director Dr. Ed Bennett.
Attendees can select from seven courses in both fundamental and advanced GP lens education, including specialty fits. For the first time, the GPLI will feature a live fitting demonstration within the scleral course offering. Attendees can earn up to seven hours of COPE credit, NCLE credit, and/or JCAHPO credit (approval pending).
The GPLI's "two track" approach to education allows practitioners and staff to select courses in Track One, pertaining to: (1) Spherical Fitting, Evaluation, and Troubleshooting, (2) GP Care and Compliance, and (3) GP Multi-Focals or Track Two, with presentations on (1) Toric GP Lenses, (2) GP Management of Keratoconus, and (3) Scleral Lens Fitting, Care, and Problem-Solving. Attendees can select courses from both tracks to meet their individual needs. All attendees will attend a preliminary GP update course as well as a closing Case Grand Rounds course with a series of cases reviewing a variety of GP patient types.
Attendees that select the Scleral Lens, Fitting, Care, and Problem-Solving course will be offered the opportunity to actively participate in a scleral lens fitting. The "workshop" approach featured in this course will include a live fitting demonstration to illustrate variations in fitting relationships when incorporating lens parameter changes. Participants will have the opportunity to practice application and removal of scleral lenses.
The cost to attend this all-day event is $250. Attendees that register before May 11 will receive a $50 early registration discount. Contact lens technicians/staff are offered a reduced registration rate of $175 and can also receive a $50 early registration discount for registering before May 11. For more information or to register, visit www.GPLI.info.
The European Academy of Orthokeratology (EurOK), a non-profit, independent organization that represents the European section of the International Academy of Orthokeratology (IAO), will hold its inaugural meeting from June 9 to 10 in Madrid, Spain. International and European experts will provide two days of continuing education with simultaneous translation in Spanish and Italian. The exhibition will host the leading manufacturers in the field. Visit www.eurok.eu for more information.
IAO includes continental sections in America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania. It represents the interests and serves the needs of orthokeratologists worldwide. EurOK is a proponent of ortho-k in Europe, promoting this science to eye specialists and providing education in the field of corneal molding for refractive errors and the latest technology for myopia control.
Dr. Adolph Lombart, founder of Lombart Lenses, died December 28, 2011 at the age of 89.
Dr. Lombart was born on Oct. 3, 1922 in Norfolk, Va. After graduating from Virginia Tech and serving in the U.S Army, he enrolled at the
Pennsylvania College of Optometry. Upon receiving his degree, Dr. Lombart moved back to Norfolk to start his private practice. A real
innovator, he was the first optometrist to offer four-hour eyeglass service, something that was unheard of in the early '50s. It
actually didn't become popular for another 30 years. He also opened multiple offices and had many optometrists on staff who later
had their own successful practices.
In 1954, when he could not find a reliable source for contact lenses, Dr. Lombart started Lombart Lenses, a contact lens manufacturing facility that would supply him and his offices with high quality contact lenses that they didn't have to wait weeks to receive. He built the business into a leading company when his son Kenneth joined him, and together they became leaders in the industry.
After building the business into the largest hard contact lens manufacturer, Dr. Lombart sold the company in 1973 to American Sterilizer of Erie, Pa.; his sons Kenneth and Rick ultimately went on to start Lombart Instruments in 1979. Dr. Lombart retired in 1973 to play golf and fish, two of his favorite things other than his wife and children.
In 1979 after a few years in Florida, Dr. Lombart helped the new owners develop a soft contact lens, Amsof, which shook up the industry by bringing the cost down to a very affordable level. Shortly after that he retired a second time. Lombart Lenses was sold several more times after he retired before eventually becoming part of CooperVision.
Dr. Lombart is survived by his wife of 67 years Bette and his three children Kenneth, Kathy Kantor, and Richard as well as five grandchildren and three great grandchildren.
Based in part on an obituary from The Virginian-Pilot, Dec. 29, 2011.
Contact Lens Spectrum, Volume: 27 , Issue: May 2012, page(s): 3 - 5 7


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HELP! Back from Vacation, Bolivian Ram looks bad
My ram does not look good... he's hanging out at the bottom and looks wilted. I gave him bloodworms and he ate some, but he still looks terrible. His breathing does not seem labored, but he has lost color.
I've put salt in and changed the water (nitrites were fairly high) about 70%.
Any other suggestions?
Impossible to pin-point without a lot more data. Most likely a water quality issue. Did you actually mean nitrites, and not nitrates? What was the reading (whichever)?
How long was the tank left on its own? Were the fish fed (whatever method)? What is the pH? And nitrates (if not given above)?
Yes, I meant Nitrates. It was around 40ppm. I didnt take a ph reading. Ammonia & nitrites were 0. I was gone for 7 days, but they were fed daily, via premeasured packets. The tank was fairly dirty... lots of crud at the bottom, so I have to assume it was the water.
Can you think of anything else I can do to improve his chances?
Many still think that nitrates are not as toxic as they actually are at relatively low levels. Cichlids are now known to have issues at 20ppm, so a rise to 40ppm is likely going to impact the fish. Getting the water back to "normal" is essential.
Use a good water conditioner. If nitrates are still above normal [normal being whatever they normally would be in your situation] another 50% water change will do no harm, quite the opposite in fact. Do a good cleaning of the substrate with each water change. Getting nitrates down is one time you don't have to "go slow" with the change.:-)
Just a quick update. This morning, his color looks better, but he is still sitting at the bottom, with his fins all down. When my Festivum chases him away from his driftwood like he usually does, the Ram will dart away as normal, but then will go back to sitting at the bottom, pretty motionless.
The nitrate reading this morning was closer to 10ppm. The ph is a normal 8.0. I will perform another water change in attempt to get the substrate spotless. Any other suggestions would be much appreciated.
I probably missed this initially as nitrites, not nitrate, was mentioned and salt can help with high nitrite. But as we are actually dealing with nitrates, forget the salt.
The Ram may not recover; this is impossible to say. A fish that has been exposed to unfavorable conditions may begin to pull out of it, but if the physiology has been impacted, recovery may not occur. And here, just so you know, we have some dangerous factors. The high nitrate, then salt, and if there is any sort of bullying from another fish as has now been mentioned, this can add stress. A normally healthy fish can often (but not always) deal with light bullying, and cichlids are cichlids after all; but when the fish is under severe stress from other factors, this additional stress can be considerable to the fish.
The other point is that this species, Mikrogeophagus altispinosus, is highly sensitive to water conditions, both parameters and the nitrogen cycle. It shares this with its close relation, Mikrogeophagus ramirezi.
Again, more frequent water changes are the best remedy, and they will certainly help.
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Top Definition
to be frigid or prude, in reference to a dry vagina
you'll never get with her, she's a squeaky tap
by motetihw April 07, 2011
Type your email address below to get our free Urban Word of the Day every morning!
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Black rat (Rattus rattus)
|Rat Noir
|Rata Negra
|Rattus (1)
|Head & body length: 16-24 cm (2)
Tail length: 18-26 cm (2)
|150-250 g (2)
The black rat is classified as Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List (). It is not legally protected in the UK. No conservation designations (3).
Also known as the ship rat (2), the black rat (Rattus rattus) was introduced to Britain with the Romans (4). Generally smaller than the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), the black rat is typically a uniform black to tawny brown colour, with lighter underparts (1). The tail, which is longer than the head and body, is hairless, and is used for balance (2).
This species was once widespread throughout Britain until the brown rat was introduced (4). The black rat originates from Asia, and today is widely distributed around the globe (4). It has been restricted to largely transient populations in Southwark, London and Avonmouth since 1884, and has undergone a drastic decline in range since the 1950s (4). It also persists on Lundy Island in the Bristol Channel and the Shaint Islands in the Outer Hebrides (4).
The black rat is closely associated with buildings around the world, although in Britain it tends to inhabit rocky shores and cliffs. On the islands it occasionally occurs on rubbish dumps and around buildings (4).
The black rat is nocturnal, although it may become more active in the day in undisturbed areas (4). It is an omnivore, but tends to prefer plant matter (4) such as fruits and seeds, although it will also feed on insects, carrion, refuse and faeces (2). On Lundy Island these rats feed on crabs along the shore (4). This rat lives in groups called 'packs', consisting of several males and two or more dominant females (4). They are skilled climbers and can also swim well (2). Nests are constructed from grass and twigs, often in roof spaces, a habit which earned the species the further common name of 'roof rat' (2).
Breeding takes place between March and November; three to five litters can be produced in a year, each litter containing 1 to 16 young (although the average is seven). A single female can therefore produce a huge number of offspring; 56 young were recorded on a London ship for a single female (4). At 12 to 16 weeks of age, females are capable of breeding; they are also able to conceive whilst still suckling the previous litter, which further maximises their reproductive capability (1). Maximum lifespan in the wild is less than 18 months; populations have very high mortality rates, mainly as a result of widespread pest control measures (4). The black rat is a notorious pest, and was the host of the fleas that carried bubonic plague (2). It also carries a host of other diseases and is damaging to property and food stores (1).
The future of this once devastating pest in Britain is now uncertain. Improved hygiene and control measures on ships makes further introductions highly unlikely, and control measures such as poisoning with rodenticides are ever-prevalent, particularly close to human habitation, where the black rat occurs (4).
The question as to whether the black rat should now receive a level of protection due to its poor status is a highly contentious issue (4).
For more on the black rat:
BBC WildFacts:
This information is awaiting authentication by a species expert, and will be updated as soon as possible. If you are able to help please contact:
- Carrion: the flesh of a dead animal.
- Nocturnal: active at night.
- Omnivore: an organism that feeds on both plants and animals.
IUCN Red List (March, 2011)
- Burnie, D. (2001) Animal. Dorling Kindersley, London.
- The Environment Agency (1998) Species and Habitats Handbook. The Environment Agency, Bristol.
Macdonnald, D. W. & Tattersall, F. T. (2001) Britain's mammals- the challenge for conservation. The Wildlife Conservation research Unit, Oxford University.


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This page includes a selection of some of the research findings in AS from 2011.
Two new susceptibility genes, EDIL3-HAPLN1 and ANO6, identified as being involved in bone formation and cartilage development
A research team at the Genome Institute of Singapore and Sun Yat-Sen University have carried out a large genome-wide association study involving people in China. They first looked for common genetic variants in 1,837 people with ankylosing spondylitis and a further 4,231 disease-free volunteers. They then validated 30 of the genes they identified in a further 2,100 patients and 3,496 healthy people.
This allowed them to discover two new susceptibility genes, EDIL3-HAPLN1 and ANO6, which are thought to be involved in bone formation and cartilage development. The study also confirmed the role of the previously identified gene HLA-B27 in ankylosing spondylitis.
Physical Fitness in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis
This study was published in the Physical Therapy Journal. Bearing in mind the increased risk of cardio-vascular disease for people with AS, the reesearchers wanted to compare physical fitness in people with AS versus those who did not have AS and then to explore associations between physical fitness and disease activity in the group with AS.
The study found lower cardiorespiratory fitness and reduced flexibility in the AS group indicating that physical therapy programs should include cardiorespiratory fitness exercises as a basic component to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
The effect of whole body vibration training on patients with AS
Rudi Chaplin is the sports rehabilitator that works with NASS Milton Keynes. His research, which was published in the Journal of Sports Therapy, looked at the use of whole body vibration training on patients with AS. His data showed a significant improvement in some outcome measures at 6 weeks and 12 weeks. He only had 10 subjects (all from NASS Milton Keynes). and is hoping to find funding to conduct further research.
Assessment of quality of life and depression in spouses of patients with ankylosing spondylitis
This fairly small scale Turkish study investigated the quality of life and the rates of depression in spouses/partners of patients with AS compared with spouses/partners of healthy controls. Twenty-five people with AS and their 25 spouses (21 women and 4 men) and 25 healthy controls were recruited. They concluded that being a spouse of a patient with AS significantly interferes with quality of life and increases depression frequency.
Postural control is altered in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
The researchers from this study note that impaired axial mobility due to vertebral ankylosis may result in changes in standing postural control. They point out that little research has addressed changes in standing postural control in the ankylosing spondylitis population, nor how these issues might affect clinical understanding and treatment.
They conclude that quiet standing postural control was altered particularly in the frontal plane in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, which may be associated with increased fall risk. The researchers believe that posturographic measures of postural control may serve as valuable clinical tools for the monitoring of disease progression and disease status in ankylosing spondylitis.
Smokers with early axial spondyloarthritis have earlier disease onset, more disease activity, inflammation and damage, and poorer function and health-related quality of life
The purpose of this study was to look into what association smoking has with various clinical, functional and imaging outcomes in people with early axial (area of spine and neck) spondyloarthritis (SpA). 647 patients with early inflammatory back pain fulfilling at least one of the internationally accepted SpA criteria and with available smoking data were included in the analyses. Clinical, demographic and imaging parameters were compared between smokers and non-smokers at a cross-sectional level.
Results showed that smoking was independently associated with earlier onset of inflammatory back pain, higher disease activity, increased axial inflammation on MRI, increased axial structural damage on MRI and x-ray, poorer functional status and poorer quality of life.
For more information on getting help with stopping smoking do look at the NHS Choices website.
Comparison of anti TNF recommendations across 23 countries
This clinical paper gives an overview of the recommendations for the use of anti TNF therapy across 23 different countries. The authors conclude that general consensus exists about the use of anti TNF therapy in AS across the world, although some countries require additional objective signs of inflammation and/or more pre-treatment, which limits access.
Mortality in AS
Excess mortality (death rates) has been reported in patients with AS. The researchers for this French study reviewed recent studies of patients with AS who were treated and monitored according to the improved methods developed in the past few years, without radiation therapy. Their results do not support excess mortality in these patients. Long-term follow-up data from patients enrolled in biologics registries will provide additional information.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in patients with AS, as in the general population. However, the cardiovascular mortality rate may be slightly increased in patients with AS, probably as a result of dyslipidemia and early endothelial dysfunction. Similarly, there is excess mortality related to the spinal disease itself and to renal and gastrointestinal disease. Alcohol abuse and injury or suicide also cause excess mortality compared to the general population.
The effects of combined spa therapy and rehabilitation on patients with ankylosing spondylitis being treated with TNF inhibitors
This is not a UK based study, as you might expect, as I'm sure that few, if any UK AS patients have ever been offered spa therapy by the NHS.
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of combined spa therapy and rehabilitation in a group of AS patients being treated with ant TNF therapy. Thirty AS patients attending the rheumatology unit of the University of Padova in Italy who had been treated with anti TNF therapy for at least 3 months were randomised and assessed by an investigator independent from the spa staff: 15 were prescribed 10 sessions of spa therapy (mud packs and thermal baths) and rehabilitation (exercises in a thermal pool) and the other 15 were considered controls.
Evaluations were performed in all patients at the start of the study, at the end of the spa treatment, and after 3 and 6 months. Most of the evaluation indices were significantly improved at the end of the spa treatment, as well as at the 3 and 6 months follow-up assessments. No significant alterations in the evaluation indices were found in the control group.
It was thus concluded that combined spa therapy and rehabilitation lead to a clear, long-term clinical improvement in AS patients being treated with anti TNF therapy. Thermal treatment was found to be well tolerated and none of the patients had disease relapse.
Update on the management of inflammatory bowel disease: specific role of adalimumab
This study appeared in the Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology journal. It discusses the role of adalimumab in the treatment of Crohn's Disease and its potential future role in ulcerative colitis. The full article is available.
Effect of pregnancy on AS
This study aimed to determine the severity of back pain and stiffness in women with AS before, during, and after pregnancy. The study included 19 women with AS (35 pregnancies) and 33 women without AS who were used as the controls (77 pregnancies).
Improvement in pain was reported in 51% of AS patients, predominantly in the first trimester, with significant improvement in pain rather than stiffness. In both groups, pain worsened in later stages. Following childbirth, pain scores in AS returned to the same level as prior to pregnancy..
Researchers concluded from this that pregnancy does not substantially aggravate disease activity or severity in AS.
Lumbar osteotomy for AS
A new clinical paper has appeared in the European Spine Journal which compares 3 types of lumbar osteomtomy for AS and makes some interesting conclusions.
Some people with AS can develop curving of the spine (kyphosis) which is so severe that they can no longer look straight forward comfortably or look people in the eye. In addition to practical difficulties such as eating and drinking this can lead to social isolation, neck pain and unsteadiness. Lumbar osteomy is a technique carried out by spinal surgeons to help correct the curvature.
If you have severe curving of the spine we recommend that you discuss the possibility of spinal surgery with your consultant. If your consultant does feel surgery might benefit you, then you should be referred on to a team specialising in spinal surgery. Surgery will be considered if :
- Your spine is unstable, meaning that it has fractured
- Your spine is very deformed making it difficult to carry out activities of daily living such as eating or drinking
- The deformity in your spine is leading to nerve damage
Interaction between ERAP1 and HLA-B27 in ankylosing spondylitis implicates peptide handling in the mechanism for HLA-B27 in disease susceptibility
A study involving over 5,000 people with AS has identified a series of genetic variants associated with increased susceptibility to the condition as well as providing new clues to how the condition may be treated in the future.
The study, a collaboration between the Australo-Anglo-American Spondyloarthritis Consortium and the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, also provides one of the first confirmed examples of gene-gene interaction seen in humans.
The study, carried out in the UK, Australia and North America, compares the genomes of 3,023 cases against those of 8,779 healthy controls. The findings have confirmed in an independent cohort of 2,111 cases and 4,483 controls. The results are published in the journal Nature Genetics.
Professor Peter Donnelly from the University of Oxford, Chair of the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium says: "Thanks to over 5,000 people with ankylosing spondylitis who have provided DNA samples, we were able to undertake the largest study of the genetics of this painful and often disabling disease. It revealed important, and in some cases surprising, new insights into the disease."
The study identified three regions of the genome - RUNX3, LTBR and TNFRSF1A - in which genetic variants were strongly associated with AS. In addition, they found a further four which are likely candidates: PTGER4, TBKBP1, ANTXR2 and CARD9.
As well as furthering our understanding of the genetics underlying the condition, the findings also strengthen evidence that a particular process by which signals are transmitted within cells - known as the IL-23R pathway - is involved in the disorder and could be a target for drugs.
The study also provided clues as to why a particular genetic variant known as HLA-B27 is associated with the disease. Scientists have known for almost forty years that this variant significantly increases the risk of developing the disease. Nine out of ten people with ankylosing spondylitis carry the variant. Whilst not everyone with the variant develops the condition, those who carry the variant are up to eighty times more likely to develop it than non-carriers. Yet despite this knowledge, the mechanism by which the variant causes the disease is still unknown.
The researchers found that variants of the gene ERAP1 interact with HLA-B27 to affect disease susceptibility - one of the first confirmed examples of gene-gene interaction seen in humans. For individuals who carry HLA-B27, their risk of developing ankylosing spondylitis decreases by a factor of four if they also carry two copies of the protective variants of ERAP1.
ERAP1 plays a role in breaking down proteins within the body into smaller molecules known as peptides. The gene interacts with HLA-B27 to affect how these peptides are presented to the immune system. This is an essential process for mounting an immune response to invading pathogens, but when it goes awry it can result in the immune system causing inflammation and damaging tissue. The researchers found that some variants of ERAP1 protect against the development of ankylosing spondylitis by reducing the amount of peptide available to HLA-B27 within cells. The researchers believe that inhibiting ERAP1 may help treat the condition.
The researchers also analysed the genetic make-up of individuals with ankylosing spondylitis who did not carry the HLA-B27 variant and found associations with several genetic regions, the first time that associations have been found in HLA-B27 negative individuals. These findings indicate considerable similarity between the way HLA-B27 positive and negative ankylosing spondylitis develop.
Impact of home-based exercise therapy in patients with AS
It's simple and cheap to do your AS exercises at home. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of home-based exercise therapy on pain, mobility, function, disease activity, quality of life, and respiratory function in patients with AS.
80 AS patients were included in the study. A home-based exercise program including range of motion, stretching, strengthening, posture, and respiratory exercises was practically demonstrated by a physiotherapist and a training and exercise booklet was given to all patients. The researchers then compared patients following the home-based exercise program five times a week for at least 30 minutes per session per session (exercise group) for 3 months with those exercising less than five times a week (control group).
The exercise group showed significant improvements in pain, mobility, respiration and quality of life over the control group after 3 months.
The researchers recommended that regular home-based exercise therapy should be a part of main therapy in patients with AS with patients exercising at least five times a week for at least 30 minutes per session.
Baseline predictors of response and discontinuation of anti TNF therapy
Identifying AS patients who are likely to benefit from anti TNF therapy is important, in terms of both the cost and potential side effects. The aim of this present study was to identify baseline predictors of response and discontinuation of anti TNF therapy in AS patients in daily clinical practice.
The study, published in Arthritis Research and Therapy, found that younger age, male gender, higher inflammatory markers and high ASDAS score were identified as independent baseline predictors of response and/or continuation of TNF-alpha blocking therapy. In contrast, higher baseline BASDAI score was independently associated with treatment discontinuation.
Premature ejaculation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Researchers into Turkey looked into whether men with AS were more likely to suffer with premature ejaculation than the general population. They compared 50 men with AS against 50 men from the general population and found there was no difference between the two groups with regard to rates of premature ejaculation.
Update of the ASAS/EULAR recommendations for the management of ankylosing spondylitis
This first update of the ASAS/EULAR recommendations on the management of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is based on the original paper, a systematic review of existing recommendations and the literature since 2005 and the discussion and agreement among 21 international experts, 2 patients and 2 physiotherapists in a meeting in February 2010. Each original bullet point was discussed in detail and reworded if necessary. Decisions on new recommendations were made - if necessary after voting. The strength of the recommendations (SOR) was scored on an 11-point numerical rating scale after the meeting by email.
These recommendations apply to patients of all ages that fulfill the modified NY criteria for AS, independent of extra-articular manifestations, and they take into account all drug and non-drug interventions related to AS.
Four overarching principles were introduced and there are now 11 bullet points including 2 new ones, one related to extra-articular manifestations and one to changes in the disease course.
Update of the international ASAS recommendations for the use of anti TNF agents in patients with axial spondyloarthritis
This paper presents the second update of the Assessment in SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) consensus statement on the use of anti TNFs in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA). A major change from the previous recommendations is that patients fulfilling the ASAS axial SpA criteria, which also include patients fulfilling the modified New York criteria for ankylosing spondylitis, can be treated with anti TNF agents. This makes an earlier start in the disease process possible.
A second major change is the pre-treatment before anti-TNF agents can be started. According to ASAS, all patients should have tried a minimum of 2 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for a minimum of 4 weeks in total. This is significantly shorter than the previous requirement of 3 months. As previously, patients with axial symptoms require no further pre-treatment. Patients with symptomatic peripheral symptoms should normally have had an adequate therapeutic trial of a disease-modifying anti rheumatic drug, preferably sulfasalazine. Sulfasalazine is no longer mandatory in this group of patients. Finally, efficacy should be evaluated after at least 12 weeks. The remaining recommendations stayed largely unchanged.
Please bear in mind that these are international guidelines and rheumatologists in the UK have to follow NICE guidance.
Sick leave in patients with ankylosing spondylitis before and after anti-TNF therapy: a population-based cohort study
Using the population-based South Swedish Arthritis Treatment Group register, 139 AS patients were investigated (aged 18-58 years, 78% men), who between January 2002 and December 2008 started their first treatment with adalimumab, etanercept or infliximab. The proportion of sick leave in 30-day intervals from 12 months before treatment start until 12 months after was calculated for each patient.
The researchers found that in the 1-3 months before treatment, an average of 24% of AS patients were on sick leave. During the first 6 months after treatment started, this proportion dropped to 15%, and further declined to 12% at 12 months.
Smoking increases levels of disease activity in patients with severe AS
The largest study to date on the effects of smoking in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has shown that smoking increases disease severity.
The study was carried out on a large population of AS patients, from 10 rheumatology departments across the UK.
Results from the study found that associations with increased disease activity, decreased function and poor quality of life in smokers were independent of age, sex and disease duration.
Dr Mattey, author of the study said:
"This is the first study to show a dose-dependent relationship between smoking and disease outcome in AS. This suggests that cessation of smoking is likely to be beneficial in terms of functional outcome and long term quality of life in patients with AS".
Effect of pilates training on people with AS
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of pilates on pain, functional status, and quality of life in people with AS.
55 people with AS took part in the study and they were divided into 2 groups. One group took part in 3 pilates classes a week for 24 weeks while the second group continued with their standard exercise routine.
Comparison of the two groups showed significantly superior results for the group taking part in pilates classes.
The authors suggest pilates is an effective and safe way to improve physical capacity in people with AS patients.
A second study into pilates and AS also found it had a good impact on mobility, as well as patients' perception about their condition
Spondyloarthropathies: an independent cardiovascular risk factor?
An increase in cardiovascular mortality and morbidity has been convincingly documented in RA but data on AS and the other spondyloarthropathies (SpA) are more limited.
The authors of this paper look at published studies indicating that patients with SpA are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. They conclude that increased risk is probably multifactorial, being related both to chronic systemic inflammation and to a high prevalence of conventional cardiovascular risk factors.
They note that cardiovascular risk management in patients with SpA requires optimal control of disease activity combined with interventions targeting conventional cardiovascular risk factors.
Services for people with ankylosing spondylitis in the UK - a survey of rheumatologists and patients
NASS were involved in the research and writing of this research paper with more than 800 members filling in a survey about their experiences surrounding diagnosis, treatment and access to therapies. A separate questionnaire was completed by 117 rheumatology departments.
Key findings were delays in the diagnosis of AS, access to anti TNF therapy and the large proportion of people with AS who are not being managed in secondary care.
This clinical research paper was published in Rheumatology and is covered in AS News and you can contact Sally Dickinson for a full copy of the paper.
Improving the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis in the UK
This is an editorial article which appears in the same issue of Rheumatology. It's written by the authors of our Looking Ahead publication which discusses best practice in the management of AS. It represents another big step forward in improving the understanding of AS and ensuring that all rheumatology units in the UK work towards the same high standards of care.
Again you can contact Sally Dickinson if you'd like a full copy of the paper.
Impaired gait in ankylosing spondylitis
New research has been conducted into the way people with AS walk. This research shows that conducting an expert analysis of gait gives physiotherapists much better information, allowing them to intervene more specifically. This can lead to less stiffness, improved balanced and reduced muscle fatigue.
Reduced vital capacity leads to exercise intolerance in patients with AS
This research, which was published in the European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine, found that people with AS have lower chest expansion, vital capacity and exercise tolerance than the general population. The authors conclud that exercise intolerance is mainly explained by lung function impairment in AS patients rather than musculoskeletal changes.
They argue that this means that it's important for people with AS to not only work towards improving spinal mobility but also towards increasing cardiopulmonary fitness.
Assessment of subclinical vascular disease associated with ankylosing spondylitis
The authors of this clinical paper note that current studies indicate that AS, as well as rheumatoid arthritis, may be associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and vascular disease.
Audiovestibular manifestations in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
The authors of this study note that currently little is known about audiovestibular impairment in patients with AS. Thus research was conducted among 50 people with AS who were compared against 40 people who did not have AS.
29 of the people with AS (58%) showed abnormal hearing loss in the audiogram compared to only 8 (18%) of the people who did not have AS.
The authors conclude that people with AS are more likely to have changes in their inner ear than the general population.
Diet, disease activity, and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
This paper was published in Clinical Rheumatology in December 2010. The aims of the study were to investigate, first, the relationship between diet and disease activity and, secondly, the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms and their relationship to diet among patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The research took place in Sweden.
In the 165 AS patients who took part, no correlation between diet and disease activity could be detected. There were, however, correlations between diet and gastrointestinal pain. Gastrointestinal problems were also found to be prevalent in AS, independent of NSAID usage.
Predictors of response to anti TNF therapy in ankylosing spondylitis: results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register
Currently there isn't much data on the routine use of anti TNF drugs for AS in the UK. The British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register (BSRBR) recruited patients starting anti TNF therapy for AS between 2002 and 2006. The patients included in the study were young (median age 43 years) and 82% were males.
The research concluded that the majority of patients receiving anti TNF therapy for AS showed improvements in disease activity. Raised inflammatory markers at the start of therapy predicted a greater improvement, identifying a group of patients who may be more responsive to anti TNF therapies, although the results were not confined to this group.
Clinical efficacy and safety of etanercept versus sulfasalazine in ankylosing spondylitis patients
The Rheumatology Medical Center in Bochum, Germany compared the effectiveness and safety of etanercept versus sulfasalazine after 16 weeks in patients with axial (spine) and peripheral manifestations (outside of the spine e.g. hips, knees) of AS.
The average age of the patients involved in the trial was 41 years, 74% were male, and average disease duration was 7.6 years. The authors concluded that, in this population of patients with AS, etanercept was significantly more effective than sulfasalazine in improving signs and symptoms of the axial skeleton and of the peripheral joints. Serious adverse events rarely occurred and did not differ between groups.
Delayed presentation and diagnosis of cervical spine injuries in long-standing ankylosing spondylitis
The Queen Elizabeth National Spinal Injuries Unit in Glasgow published a very interesting paper in the European Spine journal in December 2010. It highlights that patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are vulnerable to cervical spine fractures and that long-standing pain may mask the symptoms of the fracture. Radiological imaging of the cervical spine may fail to identify the fracture due to distorted anatomy and ossified ligaments.
Retrospective case series study of all patients with AS and cervical spine fracture admitted over a 12-year period at Queen Elizabeth National Spinal Injuries Unit show that total of 32 patients were reviewed with AS and cervical spine fractures. In 19 patients (59.4%), a fracture was not identified on plain radiographs. Only five patients (15.6%) presented immediately after the injury. Of the 15 patients (46.9%) who were initially neurologically intact, three patients had neurological deterioration before admission.
The research concludes that cervical spine fractures in patients with long-standing AS are common and usually under evaluated. Early diagnosis with appropriate radiological investigations may prevent possible long-term neurological cord damage.
After reading this information a NASS member who had delayed presentation and diagnosis of a cervical spine injury and was treated at the Queen Elizabeth National Spinal Injuries Centre sent in his experience.
Association of Variants at 1q32 and STAT3 with Ankylosing Spondylitis Suggests Genetic Overlap with Crohn's Disease
One of our trustees, Dr Paul Wordsworth, is one of the authors of a new paper on the genetics of AS which genetically links AS and Crohn's disease. It was published in December 2010 in a specialist genetics journal.
Ankylosing spondylitis and inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) frequently occur together in the same families and individuals, suggesting that they share common risk factors. The researchers tested whether genes associated with Crohn's disease are also associated with ankylosing spondylitis and confirmed that the two diseases share associations at chromosome 1q32 near KIF21B, STAT3, IL12B, CDKAL1, LRRK2/MUC19, and chromosome 13q14. These associations were present even in ankylosing spondylitis cases with no clinical inflammatory bowel disease. These findings greatly expand our understanding of why these conditions occur together.
Developing and validating an index for measuring health in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Thank you again to all those who took part in research on behalf of ASAS this year. A preliminary research paper was published in Rheumatology in December 2010. Dr Uta Kiltz who asked NASS members to take part in the UK research is one of the main authors of the paper. We will keep you informed on further developments.
The objective of the new research is to outline the development and validation of a health index for patients with AS based on the ICF as a use case. In the paper, the researchers conclude that the goal of developing a health index for patients with AS based on the ICF is very much in line with the broader goal of the WHO to define health indices to ensure the comparability of them within the framework of the ICF.
Last reviewed: November 2011


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Rohl U.6634STN
Satin Nickel Georgian Era 7" Towel Ring
Item # BCI688643 | Model # U.6634STN | Perrin and Rowe Collection
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Georgian Era 7" Towel Ring
Rohl's Georgian Era collection of bathroom faucets and fixtures is an impressive family bound to become a focal point in any bathroom. From double handle bridge bathroom faucets to the double handle widespread bathroom faucet, old-world British charm blends with modern-day technology. Decorative design elements help define Rohl's Georgian Era collection, which also includes tub fillers, bidets, and showerheads.
Rohl U.6634 Features:
- All brass construction – weight: 1.5 lbs.
- Superior finishing process – chemical, scratch, and stain resistant
- Towel ring length: 7"
- Towel ring height: 8"
- Extra secure mounting assembly
- Easy to clean and install
- All mounting hardware included
- Fully covered under Rohl's limited lifetime warranty
- Manufactured in New Zealand, Western Europe, and/or North America
Excellence, durability, and beauty. Family values, integrity, and innovation. These are all terms which aptly describe Rohl and its remarkable selection of kitchen and bathroom faucets and fixtures. Since 1983, Rohl has maintained a commitment to providing high-quality plumbing products for residential and commercial applications, while assuring these fixtures would make a difference in the overall décor in the living space. With a dedication to excellence throughout the home, Rohl has been satisfying homes, schools, hospitality venues, and restaurants all around the world. Rohl specializes in providing timeless designs for every type of theme, including traditional, transitional, and modern. When Rohl suggests its products reflect the feel of a certain area outside the United States, it's more than just that. Rohl products are authentically crafted in towns in New Zealand, Western Europe, and North America .
Additional Rohl Links
This Rohl item can also be referenced by the following color/finish specific model #:
- Rohl U.6634EB
English Bronze
- Rohl U.6634IB
Inca Brass
- Rohl U.6634APC
Polished Chrome
- Rohl U.6634PN
Polished Nickel
- Rohl U.6634STN
Satin Nickel
*Discontinued model or finish
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