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Top Ten wood-infused foods
The idea for today's Top Ten Tuesday list comes, once again, from Dining@Large reader Alexander D. Mitchell IV. Just the idea, mind you, not the list itself.
So if you don't like it, please don't blame him. I'll take the fall this week.
Easy to say, since I think this list isn't likely to generate controversy like last week's. Then again, I didn't expect a light little riff on beets, arugula and health care would set so many people off. So who knows?
Maybe a radical anti-logging group like Earth First! will get after me for this one.
Top Ten wood-infused foods
No. 1: Wood-fired pizza
No. 2: Hickory-smoked ribs
No. 3: Smoked salmon
No. 4: Smoked salt
No. 5: Wedding cakesStrange but true: If you want to make a wedding cake -- I've had two spectacular failures and one success -- you'll have to get over the weirdness of wood in cake. After producing two leaning towers of cake, I learned that you need to impale the confection with long, thin dowels similar to chopsticks. They support the cake by holding up the next layer, which sits on cardboard cake circle. (All the structural stuff gets hidden by icing.) Otherwise, the cake looks like that tower in Pisa, without the old-world charm.
No. 6: Cedar-planked salmon
No. 7: Oaky wines
No. 8: Oaked beers
No. 9: Prosciutto and melon
It's nothing without the toothpick
No. 10: Peanut butter-birdseed pine cones
Try hanging that outside for the birds without the cone
Wedding cake by Sugar Bakers in Catonsville. Sun photo by Barbara Haddock Taylor
Categories: Top Ten Tuesdays


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Is normal for my baby not to crawl?
My baby will be 8 months tomorrow and he still doesn't crawl:(My nephew started crawling when he was 6 months. And I worry alot since my son was born premature.At how many months did your babie(s) started crawling?
Posted: 07/19/2010 by Elizabeth109
Mom Answers
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actually if a baby learn how to walk before they crawl they can develope a speach in pedament problem they have to learn how to crawl before they walkposted 07/19/2010 by jessicamilbach
you got to incourage the crawling my son took up until he was a year old to crawling and when their body chooses for them to be able to function.my son had to take physicall therapy most of his life and he just started crawling and its hard on me right now with a new baby on the wayposted 07/19/2010 by jessicamilbach
I never crawled, I walked at 10 months.posted 07/20/2010 by maycey80
Err....bypassing crawling doesn't increase the risk of a speech impediment. My niece almost completely bypassed crawling and started walking within the 2 weeks she started crawling. Like unipride said, every baby reaches his/her milestones at their own rate. Some babies do things earlier than others. So I wouldn't worry to much just yet that your son hasn't crawled. Premmies do learn at a different rate than FT babies. If you want to encourage crawling though, give your son a lot of floor time to roll around and play. Eventually, he will start learning to become mobile on his own. If it is a big issue for you, consult with your son's doc. They will be able to give you more information about his development.posted 07/19/2010 by peanutwitt
Premature babies hit things in their own time - though the same is true for full term babies. Crawling at 6 months is on the low end of the range. Crawling is a skill typically picked up between 6 and 9 [adjusted age for premmies] months of age BUT some kids never crawl at all. Crawling is not a skill needed to learn to walk though it helps strengthen the upper body to help pull up. Certainly you can encourage crawling by doing tummy time on the floor and moving objects just out of reach to help your baby learn to move for something.posted 07/19/2010 by unipride
Answer this question

subset: commoncrawl


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We all know that life can become hard at times. Sometimes it becomes so intense it's nearly impossible to figure out how to break free from the stress and craziness. Many people find vices to help cope with daily pain and suffering. Some find religion and the comfort of community at church. Many resort to other unmentionable devices that shouldn't be mentioned in a PG-13 forum like this. But with that said, I've found my vice.
The other day I was at my parent's new home in Perrysburg Ohio. Some of my close friends here on Foo know the story about my Father's physical rehabilitation as a result of a stroke he had earlier this year. But not many of you may know that one of my friends here on Foo has helped with his recovery. While sitting next to my father last Saturday, his dog walked up to me with a ball in her mouth. (Man, I wish I would have taken a picture of Daisy that moment but dad had to be wheeled to the restroom. ) Anyway, the ball she had in her mouth was sent to my father in hopes it would help in the recovery of his left hand by our good friend jsharr. I thank you Jeff for sending your balls my family's way. It gave me a big chuckle seeing one of your balls in Daisy's mouth by the way.
Now back to my new found vice. Some of you may be thinking that my new found vice is jsharr's balls. Well, part of that may be true, but you should know my Vice is friendship and the caring nature of people. During jsharr's last days at his old job at THE BALL MAKING FACTORY, he found the time to send my father an assortment of balls to help Dads with his therapy. For this, I want to thank you Jeff. Your simple act of kindness, along with many other friends of mine here, has reminded me what it is to be human with a funny slant on life.


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Grandparents learning new skills as they care for their grandchildren on autism spectrum
PALM BEACH GARDENS, Fla - "Why aren't they jumping out of the water," little J.R. Vannatta asks his grandparents as he pours water on some bugs in the yard of their Palm Beach Gardens home.
Linda and Bob Vannatta thought they'd be babysitting at this stage of the lives, but they didn't picture a grandchild on the autism spectrum.
"It's difficult because you want to make it right," said Linda.
Like many grandparents they didn't know about autism when raising their children, and knew little when their grandson was diagnosed with it.
"I mean really, next to nothing," said Linda.
When J.R. was two, doctors made the diagnosis, and everything changed for them.
"It's kind of heartbreaking for your children, but at that point I had no idea how difficult it would be," said Linda.
J.R. is now nine years old, and he'll often spend a day with his grandparents. They say they've had to develop more patience with him than when caring for their other grandchildren.
"Your other kids, you can say something to them and they respond. He obviously doesn't even realize you're talking to him," said Linda.
Little did they know that after becoming grandparents they would have to learn a new set of skills and change the way they look at life.
"You have to be willing to jump into it and I think a lot of people are frightened by it," she said.
Now as grandparents they're becoming experts on something they didn't know anything about for most of their lives.
"It's difficult, everyday is difficult because you don't know what the response is going to be," said Linda.
Challenges, yes, but also pride in J.R.'s accomplishments.
"I think he loves to come to our house, that's been a great joy for us," said Linda.


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Songs of Scripture CD
Romans 6-8 in Song
Produced by several homeschool students and homeschool graduates, this CD is a simple but unique idea. The back cover promises to fulfill a two-fold purpose: first, "to provide an edifying atmosphere of melody and grace in the home through the Word of God set to music," and second, "to provide an encouraging memory tool for those desiring to commit larger portions of Scripture to memory." I agree that it accomplishes these goals in a most pleasing manner.
Contained on the CD are 11 songs taken from the King James Version of the book of Romans, chapters 6, 7 and 8. While the melodies are original, the lyrics are taken word for word from Scripture, providing an excellent opportunity to commit these passages to memory painlessly. Playing time is just over 45 minutes, but the composition of each of the 11 songs is unique enough to allow for repeated playing without the music becoming irritating, thereby allowing for many hours of listening enjoyment.
The accompaniment is a classical guitar. The music it provides is simple, relaxing, and uplifting. The melody is sung by a single female voice and comes across clearly and soothingly. While this music would be appropriate for dedicated listening, I can also see it being used as background music while entertaining or accomplishing household tasks.
Currently being offered via the Songs of Scripture website (
) for $10, this is a professional quality CD being sold at a bargain price. My understanding is that there several more Scripture passages currently being worked on, and my family is looking forward to hearing more from these creative homeschoolers in the future.
Product review by Melanie Bunnett, The Old Schoolhouse Magazine, LLC, March 2007
©2016 TheHomeschoolMagazine.com is a division of The Old Schoolhouse® Magazine, LLC. All rights reserved.
No content may be removed or used without permission from TheHomeschoolMagazine.com.
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Views: 124
I haven't actually spun dog hair, but my dogs shed enough to be able to make several hats! Actually, my DH and I have been discussing spinning dog hair for longer than I've been spinning. He has a friend who used to spin her dogs' hair (I think it was malamute). I'd actually like to try it. I have a Lab, a Golden, and a Hound. The Lab and the Hound are shedding machines, but their hair is short - 1" or so. The Golden has longer hair, but doesn't shed as much. Since none of them (except maybe the Golden) like being brushed, it is hard to 'harvest' clean hair. I can get LOTS from the floor, though! (LOL)
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[do action="rstyle-post-links"]HAVAIANAS flip flops / TOPSHOP makeup bag / DANNIJO necklace / ASOS panama hat / CHLOE pleated blouse / LEVIS shorts / MARA HOFFMAN one piece suit / RAY BAN sunnies / ESSIE nail polish / FUJIFILM INSTAX camera (plus film here) / EVIAN water spray / EOS lip balm / SUN BUM spf lotion / EVERYTHING BUT WATER tote / SINCERELY JULES x SHOPBOP tees (black tee here) / NIKE soccer ball / DANNIJO bracelets / VANS Brazil slip on sneakers[/do]
For this weeks shopping list, we are jet setting off to BRAZIL! What better way to spend your summer than with sandy beaches, palm trees and tropical weather? Brazil is the go- to spot this summer and not only because the World Cup is taking place there but because it's been a top destination for many of us! Ahhh so dreamy!
Whether you're packing your things and heading to Brazil to watch some serious soccer cuties or to really enjoy your summer, you're guaranteed an amazing time! Since Brazil has been one of my dream destinations to visit, I thought it would be appropriate and fun to show you what would be the cool things to pack, especially for this soccer season!
I wanted to share these two exclusive tees we did with Shopbop for the World Cup! We did team USA since we are so patriotic! They're perfect to show your USA pride… or even for the Fourth of July, which is coming up!
So pack all your bright colors, bathing suits, cut off shorts and don't forget those Havaianas!


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Thread Cutting
|When building or repairing machinery it is often necessary to cut threads by hand, to cut inside threads a tap is used, for outside threads a die is used. There are several different standards for threads, SAE, Metric and British Standard Whitworth are three common examples, for the purpose of this page the SAE standards, will be discussed.
SAE threads come in two styles, fine and coarse, this is determined by the number of threads per inch, for example a fine thread 3/8" bolt would have 24 threads per inch, a course thread bolt would have 16 threads per inch.
About Taps
There are many different styles of taps used in the industry, however the average person tapping by hand need only concern himself with four styles.
Tapping Procedure:
Step 1:
About Dies
Split adjustable die and hexagon rethreading die.
There are fixed size and split adjustable dies which have a screw to expand the die for a better fit.
Using a Die:
Step 1:
Threads Per Inch And Tap Drill Size Chart
Rachet Tap Handle
Thread Chaser
Tap and Die Sets
Tap and Drill Dispenser
Small Size Tap and Die Set


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Colorado Court of Appeals -- April 25, 2013
2013 COA 57. Nos. 10CA0501 & 10CA0527. People v. Lahr.
Court of Appeals Nos. 10CA0501 & 10CA0527
Jefferson County District Court Nos. 08CR1439 & 08CR2280
Honorable Jack W. Berryhill, Judge
The People of the State of Colorado,
Plaintiff-Appellee and Cross-Appellant,
Jacob John Lahr,
Defendant-Appellant and Cross-Appellee.
Division I
Opinion by JUDGE J. JONES
Bernard and Richman, JJ., concur
Announced April 25, 2013
John W. Suthers, Attorney General, Katherine A. Hansen, Senior Assistant Attorney General, Denver, Colorado; Scott W. Storey, District Attorney, Donna Skinner-Reed, Chief Appellate Deputy District Attorney, Golden, Colorado, for Plaintiff-Appellee and Cross-Appellant
The Noble Law Firm, LLC, Antony M. Noble, Lakewood, Colorado, for Defendant-Appellant and Cross-Appellee
¶1 Defendant, Jacob John Lahr, appeals the judgment of conviction entered on jury verdicts finding him guilty of aggravated robbery, menacing, aggravated motor vehicle theft, possession of a controlled substance, and possession of a weapon by a previous offender (POWPO). The People appeal the district court's sentence. We affirm the judgment, vacate the aggravated robbery sentence, and remand the case for entry of a corrected sentence.
I. Background
¶2 According to the prosecution's evidence, defendant stole a car. After stealing and exchanging a series of license plates, he drove that car, with stolen plate 787NAZ, to a Motel 6. He walked into the lobby, lifted his jacket to reveal a black-handled handgun near his left chest area, and told an employee, S.H., "Give me the money." S.H. put the register drawer on the counter, and defendant placed the bills in his pocket and left. S.H. read the license plate number on the car as defendant drove away, and she reported the robbery to police.
¶3 S.H. described the robber as being five feet ten inches tall with a medium build, and wearing a black beanie hat and a dark coat that fell below his hip. She later identified defendant as the robber from a photo array.
¶4 About three hours after the Motel 6 robbery, defendant walked into Fascinations, a store less than five miles away from the Motel 6.1He shopped for fifteen to twenty minutes before approaching the counter with several items. At the counter, he opened his jacket to show a black-handled gun in a shoulder holster under his left arm, and told an employee, E.O., "Hurry, give me the money in the drawer, hurry up." She put cash from the drawer into a Fascinations bag, along with four videos defendant had brought to the counter. Defendant took the bag and left the store, while E.O. went to the back of the store to report the robbery to her supervisor.E.O. described the robber as having dreadlock-style hair, wearing a black beanie hat, a black muscle shirt, and a black jacket that went past his waist. But she was later unable to identify the robber from a photo array that included defendant's picture.
¶5 Fascinations' supervisor, J.S., had twice offered assistance to defendant while he was shopping in the store, and described him as being six feet tall with a medium build, wearing a fleece beanie, a black jacket, and a black shirt, and having medium-length hair.J.S. later identified defendant as the robber from a photo array.
¶6 Defendant stole an SUV about twelve hours after the Fascinations robbery. He put a stolen license plate on the SUV, and parked it near the place at which he was arrested shortly thereafter. In the SUV, the police found, as relevant here, a gun holster, a revolver, a dark coat with keys to the stolen car, a black tank top, a brown wig, baggies containing methamphetamine, two videos consistent with those taken from Fascinations, a Fascinations store bag, and defendant's fingerprints.
¶7 Police later recovered the stolen car likely used in the Motel 6 robbery, then bearing stolen license plate 871HBG. In the car they found, as relevant here, cigarette butts with defendant's DNA and a hair matching the wig found in the SUV.
¶8 The People charged defendant, in two separate cases in Jefferson County, with two counts of aggravated robbery (of the Motel 6), one count of menacing, one count of aggravated motor vehicle theft (of the SUV), one count of POWPO, one count of possession of a controlled substance, and eight habitual criminal counts. The district court granted the People's motion to join the cases. The court also granted defense counsel's motion to bifurcate the trial of the POWPO charge from the trial on the other charges.
¶9 The People moved to introduce evidence of the Fascinations robbery. At a pretrial hearing, the People argued that the evidence was relevant and admissible under CRE 404(b) as res gestae evidence, to identify defendant as the perpetrator of the Motel 6 robbery, and to show a common plan, scheme, or design. The court ruled that evidence of the Fascinations robbery was admissible to prove identity under the four-part Spoto test. See People v. Spoto, 795 P.2d 1314, 1319 (Colo. 1990).
¶10 The jury first found defendant guilty of aggravated robbery, menacing, aggravated motor vehicle theft, and possession of a controlled substance. The People then presented evidence on the bifurcated POWPO charge. The jury found defendant guilty of that offense as well. The court adjudicated defendant a habitual criminal, and sentenced him to two terms of forty-eight years in the custody of the Department of Corrections, to be served concurrently.
¶11 On appeal, defendant contends that the district court erred by (1) allowing evidence of the Fascinations robbery; and (2) denying his motion for a new trial after the court mistakenly referred to the POWPO charge before the jury deliberated on the other charges. The People contend on cross-appeal that the district court erred in its interpretation of the statutory presumptive range for an aggravated robbery sentence. We address each contention in turn.
II. Other Act Evidence
¶12 Defendant first contends that the district court erred by incorrectly applying the second part of the Spoto test for admission of other act evidence.2We are not persuaded.
A. Standard of Review
¶13 We review a district court's decision to admit other act evidence for an abuse of discretion, and we will not disturb that ruling on appeal unless it was manifestly arbitrary, unreasonable, or unfair. Yusem v. People, 210 P.3d 458, 463 (Colo. 2009); People v. Rowe, 2012 COA 90, ¶35.
B. Discussion
¶14 Evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is admissible for purposes independent of an inference of bad character, subject to a four-part test initially articulated in Spoto. Yusem, 210 P.3d at 463; People v. Herdman, 2012 COA 89, ¶43; see CRE 404(b). Before admitting such evidence, the court must find that (1) the evidence relates to a material fact; (2) the evidence is logically relevant; (3) the evidence's logical relevance is independent of the prohibited inference that the defendant committed the crime charged because he was acting in conformity with his bad character; and (4) the probative value of the evidence is not substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice. Spoto, 795 P.2d at 1318.
¶15 Evidence is logically relevant if it has "any tendency to make the existence of [a material fact] more probable or less probable than it would be without the evidence." CRE 401; see Yusem, 210 P.3d at 463; Spoto, 795 P.2d at 1318. In this case, the district court ruled that evidence of the Fascinations robbery was logically relevant because it tended to make more probable the material fact that defendant was the person who robbed the Motel 6 and/or stole the SUV. We find no abuse of discretion in that ruling.
¶16 Defendant's theory of the case was that another person committed both the Motel 6 robbery and the SUV theft. At trial, defendant challenged S.H.'s identification because she had been only ninety-five percent sure of the identification from the photo array. Defendant admitted that he had been in the car where his DNA was found, but denied that the car had been used in the Motel 6 robbery (in part because the plate found on the recovered car was not the same as the plate S.H. had seen). Defendant also admitted that he had been in the SUV, but denied that he had stolen it. Thus, identity was a material fact in dispute at trial.
¶17 Citing People v. Rath, 44 P.3d 1033 (Colo. 2002), defendant argues that the robberies of the Motel 6 and Fascinations were too dissimilar and insufficiently unique for evidence of the Fascinations robbery to be logically relevant to the identity of the perpetrator of the Motel 6 robbery. See id. at 1042 n.7 ("The modus theory of identifying the defendant as the criminal requires the highest degree of similarity . . . ." (quoting Edward J. Imwinkelried, Uncharged Misconduct Evidence § 8:07 (2001))). Defendant points to the following dissimilar facts about the perpetrator of the Fascinations robbery: (1) he was described as having dreadlocks, and (2) he shopped for a while before robbing the store.
¶18 But, for evidence of another crime to be admissible for the purpose of proving identity, the other crime need not be identical in all respects. People v. Garner, 806 P.2d 366, 375 (Colo. 1991). Rather, the evidence of another crime and the crime charged, considered in its totality, must manifest distinctive features that make it more likely that the person who committed the other crime also committed the crime charged. Id. And a court may consider numerous less unique factors in determining the degree of similarity between the "other act" and the crime charged. See United States v. Shumway, 112 F.3d 1413, 1420 (10th Cir. 1997) (enumerating the factor of geographic location; noting that many less unique factors, considered together, may be of significant probative value regarding the perpetrator's identity; applying Fed. R. Evid. 404(b)); see also United States v. LaFlora, 146 Fed. App'x 973, 975 (10th Cir. 2005) (considering robberies close in time to be evidence of a common plan; applying Fed. R. Evid. 404(b)).
¶19 Here, the robberies occurred in close geographic and temporal proximity to each other. The perpetrator of each robbery was around six feet tall, wore a black beanie hat and longer black coat, and showed a black-handled gun near his left chest area when demanding money. Though defendant is bald, the difference in reported hairstyles was explained by the wig found in the stolen SUV. And the police found the following robbery-related evidence in the SUV (which bore defendant's fingerprints): a dark coat (like the one worn by the perpetrator of each robbery), a gun, a holster, and Fascinations items consistent with the second robbery. Moreover, witnesses to each robbery had identified defendant as the perpetrator. Considering the totality of these factors, we conclude that the district court did not abuse its discretion by finding that evidence of the Fascinations robbery was logically relevant to the identity of the perpetrator of the Motel 6 robbery.3
III. Motion for a New Trial
¶20 Defendant next contends that the district court erred by denying his motion for a new trial. We reject this contention.
¶21 After presentation of the evidence, the court provided the jury with verdict forms. Though the POWPO charge had been bifurcated from this portion of the trial, the verdict forms included, on the last page, a form entitled "Charge of Possession of a Weapon by a Previous Offender (Count F)." The court read the title aloud, then told the jurors that the Count F form had been included in error and asked them to hand their copies to the bailiff. According to the district court's subsequent order, the court also instructed the jurors to disregard that page.4 The jurors had not been instructed on the POWPO charge, no evidence had been presented on that charge, and the court considered the error nonprejudicial.
¶22 Defendant moved for a new trial after the verdicts, arguing that hearing the name of the charge itself had alerted the jurors to defendant's prior criminal record and deprived him of a fair trial. The district court denied the motion.
¶23 A new trial is a "drastic remedy." Harris v. People, 888 P.2d 259, 267 (Colo. 1995); People v. Everett, 250 P.3d 649, 662 (Colo. App. 2010). We will not disturb a district court's decision to deny a motion for a new trial absent a clear showing of an abuse of discretion. People v. Gallagher, 194 Colo. 121, 124, 570 P.2d 236, 238 (1977); People v. Holt, 266 P.3d 442, 444 (Colo. App. 2011). A court abuses its discretion in denying a motion for a new trial only when the inadmissible evidence was likely to have substantially prejudiced the jurors despite the use of any alternative remedies. Bruton v. United States, 391 U.S. 123, 126 (1968) (substantial risk that the jurors would consider testimony despite instruction to the contrary necessitated a new trial); cf. People v. Collins, 730 P.2d 293, 303 (Colo. 1986) (mistrial is "only warranted where the prejudice to the accused is too substantial to be remedied by other means"); People v. Whittiker, 181 P.3d 264, 273 (Colo. App. 2006) (same as Collins).
¶24 "[A]ny information that is not properly received into evidence or included in the court's instructions is extraneous to the case and improper for juror consideration." People v. Harlan, 109 P.3d 616, 624 (Colo. 2005). But all inadmissible evidence is not equally prejudicial. A mere reference to a defendant's past criminal act, for example, is not per se prejudicial. People v. Abbott, 690 P.2d 1263, 1269 (Colo. 1984) (regarding a witness's reference to "criminals" in a photo array). And an ambiguous reference to evidence of a defendant's criminality does not necessitate a new trial. People v. Vigil, 718 P.2d 496, 505-06 (Colo. 1986) (police officer's reference to "contraband" seized from the defendant's home did not necessitate a new trial); Whittiker, 181 P.3d at 274 ("largely innocuous" references to the defendant's gang affiliation and drug use did not necessitate a new trial); People v. Salazar, 920 P.2d 893, 897 (Colo. App. 1996) (testimony permitting inference of the defendant's involvement in a domestic violence incident was not so highly prejudicial as to require a new trial). Moreover, we deem inadmissible evidence to have less prejudicial impact when the reference is "fleeting." Vigil, 718 P.2d at 505-06; see Salazar, 920 P.2d at 897 (witness's "passing reference" to the defendant's recent release from prison was not of such magnitude as to require a new trial).
¶25 Generally, the erroneous admission of evidence may be remedied by instructing the jurors to disregard the evidence. Vigil v. People, 731 P.2d 713, 716 (Colo. 1987). Absent contrary evidence, we presume that jurors follow a district court's instructions. People v. Butler, 224 P.3d 380, 387 (Colo. App. 2009).
¶26 The district court read the words "previous offender" on a verdict form, then immediately told the jurors that the form was a mistake and to hand their copies in. The court's reference to defendant's possible criminal past was fleeting. And it was ambiguous because it did not name a crime. Further, under the circumstances, the jurors may have considered the reference a mere clerical error.
¶27 Assuming the court gave an instruction to disregard the form, the reference was clearly not so prejudicial that any prejudice derived therefrom could not have been remedied by the instruction. And even if the court did not so instruct, we do not view the fleeting, ambiguous reference as so prejudicial that the drastic remedy of declaring a mistrial was required. Therefore, we conclude that the district court did not abuse its discretion by denying defendant's motion for a new trial. See Lutwak v. United States, 344 U.S. 604, 619 (1953) ("A defendant is entitled to a fair trial but not a perfect one."); People v. Dunaway, 88 P.3d 619, 631 (Colo. 2004) (same).
IV. Habitual Criminal Sentencing
¶28 The People contend that the district court imposed an illegal sentence for defendant's aggravated robbery conviction. They argue that the court was required first to modify the maximum of the presumptive range because the offense was an extraordinary risk crime, and then to apply the habitual criminal enhancement to the modified maximum of the presumptive range. We agree.
¶29 The court imposed a forty-eight-year prison sentence for defendant's aggravated robbery conviction.5It did so by multiplying the maximum of the presumptive range for a class 3 felony (twelve years, without an extraordinary risk crime modification), § 18-1.3- 401(1)(a)(V)(A), C.R.S. 2012, by four (as required by the habitual criminal sentencing statute). See § 18-1.3-801(2)(a), C.R.S. 2012. Though the prosecutor argued for calculating the sentence based on the sixteen-year modified maximum for a class 3 extraordinary risk felony, see § 18-1.3-401(10), the court concluded that the habitual criminal sentencing statute was ambiguous, and construed the statute in favor of defendant, applying the rule of lenity.
A. Standard of Review
¶30 The People's contention presents an issue of statutory interpretation, which we review de novo. Romero v. People, 179 P.3d 984, 986 (Colo. 2007); People v. Chase, 2013 COA 27, ¶16.
¶31 In interpreting a statute, our primary goal is to give effect to the General Assembly's intent. Romero, 179 P.3d at 986; Chase, ¶16. To do so, we first look to the statute's plain language, giving the words and phrases therein their plain and ordinary meanings. People v. Perez, 238 P.3d 665, 669 (Colo. 2010); People v. Green, 2012 COA 68, ¶23. And we read the statutory language at issue in the context of the statute as a whole, giving harmonious and sensible effect to the language of each provision. People v. Martinez, 70 P.3d 474, 477 (Colo. 2003); People v. Dinkel, 2013 COA 19, ¶7. When the statutory language is unambiguous, we enforce the statute as written, without resorting to other rules of statutory construction. People v. Apodaca-Zambori, 2013 COA 29, ¶16; Dinkel, ¶7.
¶32 "Aggravated robbery is a class 3 felony and is an extraordinary risk crime that is subject to the modified presumptive sentencing range specified in section 18-1.3-401(10)." § 18-4-302(3), C.R.S. 2012. Subsection 18-1.3-801(2)(a), as relevant here, provides:
[E]very person convicted in this state of any felony, who has been three times previously convicted, . . . shall be adjudged an habitual criminal and shall be punished for the felony offense of which such person is convicted by imprisonment in the department of corrections for a term of four times the maximum of the presumptive range pursuant to section 18-1.3-401 for the class of felony of which such person is convicted.
(Emphasis added.)
¶33 Section 18-1.3-401, C.R.S. 2012, as relevant here, defines the presumptive sentencing range for aggravated robbery as follows: (1) subsection (1)(a)(V)(A) provides that the presumptive sentencing range for class 3 felonies is four to twelve years; (2) subsection (10)(a) provides that the maximum sentence in the presumptive range "shall be increased by four years" for class 3 felonies designated as "extraordinary risk" crimes; and (3) subsection 10(b)(IX) provides that aggravated robbery is an extraordinary risk crime.
¶34 Reading all subsections of section 18-1.3-401 together, we conclude the plain language of the statute unambiguously defines the presumptive sentencing range for aggravated robbery as four to sixteen years. That the presumptive range for this particular class 3 felony is different from the presumptive range for some other class 3 felonies does not render it any less the presumptive range for the offense at issue.
¶35 Other divisions of this court also have held that a presumptive sentencing range must be modified for enumerated "extraordinary risk" crimes, for purposes of subsequently applying a sentence multiplier, applying the same or analogous sentencing provisions. See People v. Hoefer, 961 P.2d 563, 568 (Colo. App. 1998) (concluding that the presumptive sentencing range of a defendant convicted of an extraordinary risk crime is modified before applying the habitual criminal enhancement; applying § 18-1-105(9.7)(a) & (b)(X), C.R.S. 1997, which was relocated to § 18-1.3-401 in 2002); People v. Greymountain, 952 P.2d 829, 831 (Colo. App. 1997) (the subsection then enumerating extraordinary risk offenses, § 18-1- 105(9.7), implicitly modified the presumptive sentencing range for those offenses; applying the modified range to the crime of violence statute, § 16-11-309, C.R.S. 1996, which was relocated to § 18-1.3-406 in 2002).6
¶36 We are not persuaded to depart from the reasoning of these decisions by defendant's argument that because the General Assembly did not amend the language of the habitual criminal sentencing statute when it amended the crime of violence sentencing statute, we must conclude that the General Assembly intended to alter the existing law for sentencing a habitual criminal.
¶37 In 2004, the General Assembly amended language in the crime of violence sentencing statute, section 18-1.3-406, C.R.S. 2012, to specify that the presumptive range is to be modified by the extraordinary risk crime sentencing statute before calculating a sentence enhancement.7 In the same year, it amended the aggravated robbery statute to provide that aggravated robbery "is an extraordinary risk crime that is subject to the modified presumptive sentencing range specified in section 18-1.3-401(10)." Ch. 200, sec. 8, § 18-4-302(3), 2004 Colo. Sess. Laws 636.
¶38 True, the General Assembly did not amend the habitual criminal sentencing statute when it amended sections 18-1.3-406 and 18-4-302. But defendant does not cite, and we are not aware of, any legal authority for the proposition that we may deduce the General Assembly's intent to change the meaning of a statute from its taking no action to amend that statute.
¶39 The plain language of subsection 18-1.3-801(2)(a) requires that a habitual criminal be punished by imprisonment "for a term of four times the maximum of the presumptive range pursuant to section 18-1.3-401." § 18-1.3-801(2)(a). Thus, section 18-1.3- 801(2) requires a sentence of sixty-four years for a defendant convicted of aggravated robbery and adjudicated a habitual criminal. See People v. Perry, 981 P.2d 667, 668 (Colo. App. 1999) (the sentencing court was required to impose the sentence mandated by the habitual criminal statute and had no discretion to reduce the sentence; the court properly modified the presumptive sentencing range for an extraordinary risk crime before multiplying by the habitual criminal sentence enhancement). It follows that the district court's sentence for the aggravated robbery conviction is illegal.
¶40 The judgment is affirmed, the aggravated robbery sentence is vacated, and the case is remanded to the district court for resentencing as provided in this opinion.
JUDGE BERNARD and JUDGE RICHMAN concur.
1 Though less than five miles away from the Motel 6, Fascinations is in a different county, and defendant was tried separately for the Fascinations robbery. See People v. Lahr, (Colo. App. No. 11CA0796, June 14, 2012) (not published pursuant to C.A.R. 35(f)) (Lahr I).
2 Defendant also argues that the district court erred by incorrectly applying the fourth part of the Spoto test, but we do not address that argument because it appears for the first time in defendant's reply brief. See People v. Boles, 280 P.3d 55, 61 n.4 (Colo. App. 2011) (declining to address an argument raised for the first time in the defendant's reply brief); People v. Plancarte, 232 P.3d 186, 193- 94 (Colo. App. 2009) (same).
3 We note that another division of this court has held that the evidence of the Motel 6 robbery was logically relevant to showing the identity of the perpetrator of the Fascinations robbery. See Lahr I(deciding defendant's appeal of the Fascinations robbery case).
4 Defendant disputes that the court instructed the jurors to disregard the form. The proceedings were not on the record at that point, and the record before us does not indicate whether the district court instructed the jurors to disregard the form. But nothing in the record contradicts the court's recollection.
5 The district court sentenced defendant on only one conviction for aggravated robbery because one conviction merged with the other.
6 Because we conclude that the relevant statutory language is unambiguous, the rule of lenity does not apply. See Dinkel, ¶19 ("[The rule of lenity] may be employed only to resolve an unyielding statutory ambiguity, not to create one.").
7 The General Assembly amended subsection 18-1.3-406(1)(a) to provide: "Any person convicted of a crime of violence shall be sentenced pursuant to THE PROVISIONS OF section 18-1.3-401(8) to the department of corrections for a term of incarceration of at least the midpoint in, the presumptive range but not more than twice the maximum OF, THE PRESUMPTIVE RANGE provided for such offense in section 18-1.3-401(1)(a), AS MODIFIED FOR AN EXTRAORDINARY RISK CRIME PURSUANT TO SECTION 18-1.3- 401(10) . . . ." Ch. 200, sec. 2, § 18-1.3-406(1)(a), 2004 Colo. Sess. Laws 634 (inserted words capitalized and deleted words stricken through).
These opinions are not final. They may be modified, changed or withdrawn in accordance with Rules 40 and 49 of the Colorado Appellate Rules. Changes to or modifications of these opinions resulting from any action taken by the Court of Appeals or the Supreme Court are not incorporated here.
Colorado Court of Appeals Opinions || April 25, 2013


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Left in suspension
Adam Foulds
336pp. Cape. £16.99.
978 0 224 09828 4
" He'd been sent out to pick firewood from the forest, sticks and timbers wrenched loose in the storm. Light met him as he stepped outside, the living day met him with its details, the scuffling blackbird that had its nest in their apple tree." "He leaned forward, swung his shotgun carefully around from his back and raised it so that the stock rested firmly along his jawbone. His stubble rasped against the wood as he adjusted, setting the partridge floating on the two beads." But for the substitution of a partridge for a blackbird, there is an almost seamless continuity between the first passage here, which opens Adam Foulds's last novel, The Quickening Maze (2009), and the second, the beginning of his new novel, In the Wolf's Mouth. Both describe the perceptions of a man of simple means – respectively the peasant- poet John Clare and Angilù, a shepherd – narrowed to their here and now, a moment as fleeting as the bird in their sights. These short, cinematic sequences, contained in the books' prologues, denote the limits of what each character can know and, to an extent, control, before the events of the novel intervene.
It is not just the continuity in their openings that encourages us to see In the Wolf's Mouth as part of a broader theme in Foulds's work. Since his first novel, The Truth About These Strange Times (2007) – its self-reflective title a nod to William Godwin's Things as They Are; or The Adventures of Caleb Williams – Foulds has been concerned with different ways of seeing, and the gaps between things as they are perceived and things as they are. In the Wolf's Mouth extends this across the narratives of four men, whose lives come together in Sicily, before and during the Second World War.
Will's vision of England is lifted from the pages of 'The Wind in the Willows', a childhood copy of which he carries with him, along with Lucretius' 'On the Nature of Things'
We first meet Will as he returns to the Midlands, on leave from training, in 1942. His vision of England is lifted from the pages of The Wind in the Willows, a childhood copy of which he carries with him, along with Lucretius' On the Nature of Things, self-consciously borrowed from his father's library. Even at this early stage in the novel, however, Will's observation that "Everything here was still clean and fresh" is undermined by the neatly spaced trees, which "always made him think of stage scenery"; an adult self-awareness, an image of himself "walking through the first chapter of a future biography, with his kitbag on his shoulder", has returned with him. The novel's epigraph, from Wallace Stevens's The Auroras of Autumn, resonates clearly: "There may be always a time of innocence. There is never a place". Will's posturing – rooted in an ambition to be "in the middle of his life's adventure" – characterizes his progress, from a thrill-less domestic posting, to the action of North Africa, then Sicily, where the Allied forces are involved in a process of "defascistification". His experience is filtered through romance and expectation (one man's offer "to tell you what it is here" is ignored), so he is disappointed when the Sicilian women – "charming, petulant, witty and gay, . . . rather helpless and appealing" – promised in the Invasion Handbook, fail to materialize.
For Ray, a Sicilian-American fleeing the mob culture of downtown New York, joining the army means rewriting the script entirely, "lying freely, old selves left behind with their soft civilian clothes". Both men (the term itself a half-truth, for Foulds takes pains to depict their childlike natures) are idealists, whose lives are usurped by a narrative far greater than their own: "Ray looked around at them and saw repetition, like a natural phenomenon with lots of the same thing coming at once, like birds or rain". Ray, too, perceives things by reference to ready-mades, particularly films, which he dreams of making himself; and as the gap between the direction and the action widens – "Where are we even going? Nobody knows. Officers don't tell us" – Ray turns inward, playing potential storylines in his head. A romance between a girl "with chalk-white skin" and a New York office worker is a favourite.
Even his most cherished imaginings, however, are sullied by reality. His romance finds a protagonist in Cirò Albanese, an exiled mafioso who abandoned his wife in Sicily in the 1920s, when the Fascist government's campaign of suppression was at its height. In New York, he made his name illegally importing morphine, and began an affair with a typist with "unbelievably fair skin"; he returns to Sicily and lies about coming back for her. But Cirò's decisions were not entirely his own either. As Foulds mixes fact and fiction, Cirò Albanese emerges as a reimagining of Vito Genovese, a famous mafia boss, who struck a deal with the American army and became one of the Allies' most respected advisers, rewriting the future of Sicily. It is the shepherd Angilù who, having gained some semblance of freedom under the Fascist regime, suffers the consequences of this development most personally; as the occupant of Cirò's deserted house, he has everything to lose. All things turn on perspective and, with Will and his unit making the decisions ("I mean, if he got his house when the former occupant was driven away by the Fascists, then isn't he the expropriator . . . ? I mean, in a sense, he's just come in here and declared himself a Fascist"), each finds his fortune shaped by the questionable judgement of the other.
Reality is, then, a blend of fact and invention, propagated by narration itself; a sense of which is given in Cirò's re-acquaintance, much like Will's, with his own past: "The streets were the same but the scale was wrong or more right than Cirò could remember. There was a slow, strenuous reconciling of his memories with the real world of Sant'Attilio that felt almost physical, his mind compressed here, released there". Foulds's writing invites a similar exercise of returning to consider each layer of the composition and read the signs again; there is a prismatic quality to the language which allows various levels of interpretation to be separated out and refined. The birds in his mises en scène, for example, take on a symbolic role – something elevated, but not removed from fact. In The Quickening Maze, it is a blackbird Clare sees – a bird he admires in his poems for "its notes all rich and mellow"; a sympathy is established between the two, and, when the bird flies away, it reflects the poet's freedom at a time just before he is institutionalized. Angilù, however, can never really be free so long as the mafia is in power, and it is a partridge, a bird of limited flight, with which he is identified. When he pulls the trigger and, later, eats the bird, he is foreshadowing his "final acquiescence".
Reality is, then, a blend of fact and invention, propagated by narration itself; a sense of which is given in Cirò's re-acquaintance, much like Will's, with his own past
But while the constituent parts of The Quickening Maze are worked into rounded characters who gather around the central motif of a machine for the mass production of wood carvings (see TLS, May 8, 2009), In the Wolf's Mouth tends more towards the exposure and dismantling of individuals who are all of them drawn into the mechanized destruction of war. This is rendered most graphically in a scene in which Ray and his platoon suffer an aerial bombardment. Foulds's prose is blasted into fragments of unprocessed images ("People lying on the ground like what are they?"), some of which cluster into a form of free verse ("Over there a man trying / to dig a foxhole with his helmet / metal pranging off the rocks") reminiscent of The Broken Word (2008), Foulds's long poem about the Mau Mau uprising against British rule in Kenya in the 1950s.
Poetry seems, for Foulds, to get closer to the essence of things, the implication being that poetic language supplies the building blocks of prose and, by extension, man's understanding of the world around him. This is explored in a passage a few pages earlier, in which Ray recalls seeing the rebuilding of an apartment block:
"He'd seen the new building constructed in stages, bricks and cavities, pipes, laths and plaster, toilets . . . . He'd thought homes were as solidly consistent as prisms, definite places . . . . But they weren't. They were fabricated out of layers of materials . . . . Artillery showed this to be true of the whole world. Life was a skin: it could be peeled away like strips of wallpaper with its coherent pattern."
On the other side of the mortar attack, suffering the effects of shell shock, Ray closes his eyes. "And the floorboards under his head were wood that had been cut. And the ceiling and the door. The whole world was made. People made it." It is a comfort and a curse, which Will experiences differently, his frustration at the inchoate nature of his work manifesting itself in his recoil from Lucretius' "random collisions and thoughtless matter" and his desire to return to his copy of The Wind in the Willows, "to climb into the book, to cover his mind with it".
There is much in In the Wolf's Mouth that is left in suspension. Though they come close, the lives of Will and Ray neither collide nor reach unequivocal safety. They are both, in a sense, potential protagonists, never really making the story their own. With Will there is always a sense of his being in the wrong time, left behind with his thirst for Empire and his mouldy books – "Until you do something . . . you are still a spectator", one character warns. Ray is, as his name suggests, a source of hope – there is a glint of it in his simple observations, his compulsive spinning of stories – though much depends on how, or if, he is able to find some coherent form to organize the random fragments of his experience. He will, perhaps, find it in filmmaking – in some new style between the Poetic Realism of the 1930s and the socio-realism of documentary, the urgent need to "film this. Take a camera and throw it" that he felt on the battlefield. While drunk he confides to a friend his theory "about how movies should look more like photos in newspapers", to show things as they really are. The seeds of Italian neo-realism were, after all, sown among the ruins of war.
Thea Lenarduzzi works at the TLS.
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A contraction of Germany's economy in the fourth quarter weighed the markets down to a lower open with the Dow losing 36 points to 12,425. Nasdaq slipped 2 points to 2700.
On the upside
Crocs (Nasdaq: CROX) expects 2011 revenue to top $1 billion with fourth quarter revenue reaching the high end of its guidance.
Alcatel-Lucent (NYSE: ALU) and Verizon Wireless (NYSE: VZ) demonstrated a new breed of mobile commerce applications that delivers custom coupons directly to the consumer's mobile device at the Consumer Electronics Show.
Reuters reported that Textron (NYSE: TXT) may spin-off some of its businesses.
On the downside
Urban Outfitters (Nasdaq: URBN) chief executive Glen Senk resigned prompting downgrades.
The Mine Safety and Health Administration ordered Hecla Mining (NYSE: HL) to close the Silver Shaft at the Lucky Friday mine in order to remove built-up material. The mining company also cut its 2012 silver production guidance.
Supervalu (NYSE: SVU) widened third quarter losses as food prices climbed and cut its full year revenue outlook.
In the broad market, declining issues outpaced advancers by a margin of more than 2 to 1 on the NYSE and by more than 5 to 3 on Nasdaq. The Russell 2000 which tracks small cap stocks lost 3 points to 761.


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Reviews for
National Geographic Kids Ultimate U.S. Road Trip Atlas : Maps, Games, Activities, and More for Hours of Backseat Fun!
Booklist Reviews 2012 June #1
Like one extended sugar rush, this travel guide surrounds relatively detailed but easily readable road and physical maps of each state (plus Washington, D.C.) with an arbitrary "5 Cool Things to Do Here," a select list of roadside attractions to visit, "Fantastic Facts" or "Traffic Laws You Won't Believe," and a "Boredom Buster!" activity, like using the car's GPS to locate all the major cities along the Pennsylvania Turnpike or Elvis-themed sites in Tennessee. Photos of distinctive local sites, foods, wildlife, or other features as well as borders and backgrounds in bright, contrasting colors further amp up the presentation, as does a closing section of general "Car Trip Fun!," which includes several visual or word puzzles and crowded vacation-themed cartoon scenes with "wacky stuff" to spot. Though far from comprehensive, the content is sufficient for planning itineraries for real or imagined vacations and will provide at least brief diversions for young travelers who are actually on the road. Copyright 2012 Booklist Reviews.


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It is no longer necessary to visit a doctor or have health insurance to get you an annual blood screening. You can get the peace of mind of knowing that your blood has been thoroughly checked for signs of potential problems by taking advantage of on-demand lab testing available at Health Testing Centers. By ordering your own blood work it will make it easier for you to manage an illness or other medical condition. In fact, individuals who have not visited a doctor recently can greatly benefit from periodic blood testing at Health Testing Centers, particularly if they are monitoring something specific like high cholesterol, a thyroid disorder, or a prostate problem. Annual screening for sexually transmitted diseases is also something every sexually active person should have performed. Being in control and knowing the particulars of your sexual health is not only incredibly beneficial for you but also for your sexual partners and their sexual partners. Common STDs that should be screened for include HIV/ AIDS, herpes I/II, chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and hepatitis. One should not wait until the appearance of symptoms as some of these diseases can lie dormant, presenting no symptoms at all, for years at a time. Sexually transmitted diseases are usually very treatable and sometimes even curable using affordable medications. The consequences of these diseases are too great to ignore: infertility, cancer, and even death can occur from an untreated sexually transmitted disease. Sexually transmitted diseases and infections often spread through risky behaviors like drug use, sexual promiscuity, and unprotected sex. STD's can be prevented by practicing safe sex, communicating with your sexual partners and limiting the your number of partners. Additionally, to help prevent the spread of these devastating diseases, sexually active people should consider abstinence or maintaining a monogamous relationship, limiting exposure to risky behaviors, obtaining proper vaccinations and immunizations, screening at least yearly for STDs, and always try to practice safe sex.
Cholesterol is required for the proper functioning of cells. Proper cholesterol levels are necessary for the cells in your body to function properly and for your body to be in rhythm functioning at an optimal level. Getting a blood test for cholesterol is a good way for you to keep track of your cholesterol levels and live a healthy life. Cholesterol tests are often prescribed to heart patients as high cholesterol levels can be indicative of impending cardiacvascular diseases. If you have a history of cardiacvascular illnesses, or have been experiencing chest pains, you should get a cholesterol test done.
The thyroid gland works to form thyroid hormones through combining iodine with an amino acid. Having the thyroid tested can give you insight when it comes to your metabolism and to ensure that the gland is working properly. If the thyroid is underactive it can result in a sluggish metabolism, weight gain, fatigue and constantly feeling cold. If the thyroid is overactive it can result in constantly feeling hot, rapid heart rate and weight loss. The most sensitive test for thyroid function is the thyroid stimulating hormone blood test, but others may also be performed to check total thyroid function, including: - T4 - T3 - Antithyroid antibody test - Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin test
Early detection of prostate cancer dramatically increases your chances of fighting the disease. One early indicator of prostate cancer is elevated levels of prostate-specific antigens (PSAs). Blood tests are used to measure these levels and to show whether or not you might be at risk for prostate cancer. Plus, regular PSA screenings can show if the levels are increasing or declining over time which is a much better determiner of your cancer risk. These blood tests are also more effective and less invasive than traditional digital rectal exams.
A complete blood count test is a common blood test done to review your overall health, and detect other blood problems. Complete blood count test gives important information about the kinds and numbers of cells in the blood, it helps your doctor diagnose any symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, or bruising that you may have. A test for complete blood count will not only diagnose conditions but will also protect the body against infections and many other disorders. It is used to monitor a medical condition and monitor your health if you are taking medications that may affect blood cell counts.
If you have been diagnosed with diabetes, regular blood tests can help determine if your condition is being properly controlled through medication and lifestyle changes. If your glucose levels are too high, you could face severe complications, including nerve damage, blindness, and death. If you have not been diagnosed, diabetic blood testing can let you know early if you are at risk of developing this chronic disease. Even if your glucose levels show you are at risk, you can make changes that can reduce your chances.
Blood pregnancy test detects the presence of a hormone called Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG). It can detect pregnancy several days before the urine test. There are two types of blood pregnancy tests: qualitative blood test and quantitative blood test. The qualitative blood test is used to check whether or not the HCG hormone is present in the blood. The qualitative blood test, on the other hand, measures the exact concentration of HCG in the blood. Hence it gives an additional advantage of detecting any problem, if it occurs, during pregnancy. Expecting mothers are recommended to get tested for detecting the deficiency of any essential nutrients in the blood stream, so that there are no complications for the unborn child. Blood tests detect deficiencies of nutrients so that the expecting mother can take supplements and medications for overcoming the particular deficiency.
Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient required by the body for the smooth functioning of the brain cells. A deficiency of Vitamin B12 might result in brain damage and faulty nerve functioning. In order to detect a deficiency of Vitamin B12 in the body, a blood test is required. The blood sample from the patient is tested for the detection of levels of B12 in the bloodstream. The test is fairly simple to perform and the results are generated within a few minutes. Mothers who breast feed their children must get tested for the deficiency of Vitamin B12 in their bodies. Individuals deficient in Vitamin B12 often feel fatigued and experience problems like sore tongue, bleeding gums and constipation. They might also experience rapid weight loss. In case of appearance of such symptoms, the individual must get tested for Vitamin B12 deficiency.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) tests can be conducted for several reasons. For example, if you're having trouble conceiving a child, the FSH test can help identify the cause of the problem. FSH tests can also determine if a woman has gone through menopause. Basically, the blood test determines the health of your pituitary gland which is responsible for producing these hormones.
When the blood has proteins which are not within the normal range, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate test reveals that there are abnormalities in the blood of a person that pertain to irritation and inflammation. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate test diagnoses problems which relate to irritation, acute and chronic inflammation, infections and cancers. It also helps detect the autoimmune diseases. The two major diseases the erythrocyte sedimentation rate test helps to reveal are temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. The ESR test is also used as a feedback tool to monitor the activity level of the disease and check the response of treatment. Thus, it is important to get yourself tested for this, as it may save your life.
One is able to find lots of information regarding Arthritis on the internet. There are also several books that will let you know how it can be diagnosed with the help of tell-tale symptoms. You may also find some treatments for the disease from theses sources. Despite all these available resources, it is more advisable to carry out a blood test for Arthritis that will provide you with an accurate result. The blood test is essential for discovering the disease and confirming whether you do have arthritis. These blood tests also help the physician in recommending the most suitable medication for the ailment.
Oriented in the state of Ohio, the township of Stow has 34,607 individuals. Altogether, the state of Ohio has 11,537,266 people. Of this total state population, 0.3% of the residents reside in Stow. The city saw 3 deaths from liver disease over one year and 5 deaths from kidney disease. Calculated together, the area had 65 total deaths from cancer. Over the course of the year, 15 people died from a stroke. There were also 8 deaths from prostate cancer alone. Statistically, this means that every cancer death had a 11.6% chance of being caused by prostate cancer. There were 43 deaths from coronary heart disease. An additional 9 residents died from diabetes during the same time span. A resident of the city has a 0.12% of dying from coronary heart disease annually. They also have a 0.19% possibility of dying from some form of cancer.
|Community Health Data
|Stow OH
|City Population
|State Population
|Percentage of State Population
|Number of Dealths by Disease
|Liver Disease
|Kidney Disease
|Prostate Cancer
|All Cancers
|Coronary Heart Disease
|Total Deaths
Sources include the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics, Division of Vital Statistics, National Vital Statistics Report Volume 61. Estimates are based on 2010 US Census data extrapolated to the population.


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The Power of Independent Thinking
Full Video of The Independent Institutes 25th Anniversary Gala for Liberty
Recorded: Tuesday, November 15, 2011
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Full Video of The Independent Institutes 2011 25th Anniversary Gala for Liberty held November 15, 2011.
Part 1: Introductory Remarks and Tribute to Robert Higgs
Part 2: Tribute to Mario Vargas Llosa
Part 3: History of The Independent Institute and Fund for the Future
Part 4: Tribute to Lech Walesa
Part 5: Special Tributes, Sponsors, and Credits
Experts: Leszek Balcerowicz, Price V. Fishback, Robert Higgs, Ron Paul, Jorge Quiroga, David J. Theroux, Archbishop Desmond M. Tutu, Mario Vargas Llosa, Lech Wałęsa, Yuri Yarim-AgaevType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Bureaucracy and Government, Business, Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Constitutional Law, Defense and Foreign Policy, Democracy, Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economic Policy, Government Power, History (International), History (U.S), Latin America, Nationalism, Political Ideology and Philosophy, Politics, Privatization, Property Rights, Terrorism and National Crises
Anthony Gregory on Military Assassination of American Citizens
Recorded: Friday, September 30, 2011
Research Editor Anthony Gregory interviewed on KTVU 2 on the dangerous precedent of the US government assassinating American citizens such as Anwar al-Awlaki.
Experts: Anthony GregoryType: TelevisionIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Constitutional Law, Terrorism and National Crises
Ivan Eland on Obama Breaking War Powers Act
Recorded: Sunday, May 22, 2011
Ivan Eland, Director, Center on Peace and Liberty at the Independent Institute, talks to Russia Today about Obama disregarding the War Powers Act since entering Lybia over 60 days ago.
Experts: Ivan ElandType: TelevisionIssues: Constitutional Law, Defense and Foreign Policy, Diplomacy and Foreign Aid
Emily Skarbek on Call For More Oil
Recorded: Thursday, May 19, 2011
Emily Skarbek, Director of the Center on Entrepreneurial Innovation at the Independent Institute, talks to Freedom Watchs Judge Napolitano about the need for more oil and how to go about getting it.
Experts: Emily C. SkarbekType: TelevisionIssues: Energy, Environment
Robert Higgs on the U.S. Governments Ethanol Scam
Recorded: Saturday, May 14, 2011
Here is Independent Institute Senior Fellow Robert Higgs speaking on Ethanol Subsidies Have Many Bad Consequences, from the Mises Circle seminar, Agricultural Subsidies: Down on the D.C. Farm, held May 14th in Indianapolis.
Experts: Robert HiggsType: Other EventIssues: Agriculture, Energy, Environment, Government Waste/Pork
Stephen Halbrook on DC vs. Heller II
Recorded: Monday, November 15, 2010
Stephen P. Halbrook on nra.org discusses his optimism that the U.S. Court of Appeals in the D.C. Circuit will rule that Mayor Fenty's anti-gun laws in D.C. are unconstitutional.
Experts: Stephen P. HalbrookType: TelevisionIssues: Constitutional Law, Gun Control
The Supreme Court and the Battle for Second Amendment Rights (Oakland)
Recorded: Thursday, July 22, 2010
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Experts: Stephen P. Halbrook, Nelson Lund, Alexander T. TabarrokType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Constitutional Law, Gun Control
The Supreme Court and the Battle for Second Amendment Rights
Recorded: Thursday, July 22, 2010
In June 2008 the U.S. Supreme Court handed down a landmark ruling on the Second Amendment individual right to keep and bear arms with its Heller v. District of Columbia decision. Two years later, in June 2010, a second historic decision squeezed through the highest court in the land.
Experts: Stephen P. Halbrook, Donald E. J. Kilmer Jr.Type: Independent Institute EventIssues: Bureaucracy and Government, Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Constitutional Law, Criminal Justice/ Prisons, Culture/ Society, Gun Control, History (U.S), Law Enforcement, Litigation, Political Ideology and Philosophy, Race Issues


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View All Wall Art
Heartwarming, inspiring, touching and true, Christian wall art from Family Christian including framed art, crosses, P. Graham Dunn, and other Christian art is the perfect way to display your faith. Encourage someone today with our Christian pictures, framed Christian posters and picture frames.
Anniversary Plaque - 12" x 12"
Dicksons$35.00Add Your ReviewThis Anniversary Plaque features a vintage-inspired black and tan print with Ruth 1:16 in stylistic writing. The verse states, "Where you go I will go, and where you stay I will stay. Your people will be my people and your God, my God." In the center of the plaque are the wo... Learn More
Baby's First Year Photo Frame - Psalm 127:3
Lighthouse Christian Products$39.99Thirteen openings display baby's photos, month to month, from newborn to one year. The classic design complements any decor. Imprinted message: "Baby's First Year: 'Children are a gift from God.' Psalm 127:3" Holds (12) 2" photos.Frame measures 11-3/4" (L) x 9-1/2" (W) Learn More
Black Wood Carved Believe PlaqueRegular Price: $29.99 Special Price $15.00Add Your ReviewThis carved Believe plaque makes for a great addition to your home decor, letting visitors know that you believe in Jesus. It is simply the word "Believe" cut out of a piece of wood. It is covered with a black splatter design.Product DetailsSize: 23"(W) x 7"(H) Learn More
Black Wood Carved Faith PlaqueRegular Price: $29.99 Special Price $15.00Add Your ReviewThis carved Faith plaque makes for a great addition to your home decor, letting visitors know that you have faith in your Lord Jesus, and that you trust in him every day. It is simply the word "Faith" cut out of a piece of wood and is covered with a stone colored splatter de... Learn More
Faith, Family, Farming, Friends Plaque - 12" x 12"
Dicksons$30.00Add Your ReviewThe Faith, Family, Farming, Friends Plaque by Marla Rae depicts the silhouette of a barn against a golden sky with "Faith, family, farming, friends" printed above. Product Details:Brown edgesDimensions: 12" (W) x 12" (H) x 3/4" (D) Learn More
Family Plaque - 24" x 41"
Dicksons$120.00Add Your ReviewThe Family Plaque features an illustration of a tree against a winter sky with snow laden on its trunk. Displayed in stylistic writing are the words, "Our family is like the branches of a tree. We may grow in different directions, yet our roots remain as one." Measures 24" x... Learn More
Family Plaque - 8" x 18"
DicksonsRegular Price: $29.99 Special Price $15.00Add Your ReviewThe Family plaque features an image of a tree with many branches, representing many different members of a family tree. Below that it reads, "Family - Like branches on a tree we all grow in different directions yet our roots remain as one."Product Details:Size: 8"(W) x 18"(H... Learn More
Family Rules Screen Wall Plaque
P. Graham Dunn$39.99Add Your ReviewWeight: 4.31 lbs Inscription: Say please and thank you, Laugh, Pray often, Encourage others, Be Kind Honest Happy, Keep your promises, Say I love you, Forgive others, Have faith, Be grateful, Listen, Honor your parents, Love one another Height: 18, Width: 11.5 Care: Clean... Learn More
Family: Like Branches of a Tree Plaque - 36" x 6"
Dicksons$89.99Add Your ReviewThis plaque is a beautiful addition to your home, as it reads: "Like branches of a tree we grow in different directions but our roots remain as one." This is overlayed over the word family printed in large bold lettering. On the far left side of the plaque there is also an i... Learn More
Farmer Mounted Wall Art
P. Graham Dunn$109.99Add Your ReviewAn idyllic farm scene highlights this beautiful mounted print. Featuring a large red barn with a cow and several round bales of hay, it has a phrase that will hold special meaning for farmers - And on the 8th day, God looked down on His planned paradise and said, "I need a c... Learn More
Need help ordering? Ask a question and we'll get back to you. Or call 1-888-319-0319


text: You are browsing through zazzle's Princess Diana gifts section where you can find many styles, sizes and colours of customisable Princess Diana t-shirts, mugs, posters, accessories and other products. Most items are ready to be customised with text, photos or artwork, but all can be bought as they are. There is no minimum order size.


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January 11, 2013
Pakistani Shiite Muslims chant slogans Friday next to the bodies of their relatives awaiting burial, who were killed in Thursday's deadly bombings, at a protest rally in Quetta, Pakistan.
Stories this photo appears in:
Pakistani Shiites protest after 86 killed
Shiite Muslims hit by a twin bombing that killed 86 people refused to bury their dead Friday, demanding the Pakistani government do more to protect them from increasing violence against the minority sect.
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The past couple of years have been, to put it mildly, an embarrassment to Shell's plans to drill for offshore oil in the Alaskan Arctic. In 2011 and 2012, the company's drilling efforts in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas suffered a catalog of errors, including, noted the FuelFix blog:
PHOTOS: Svalbard: Norway's 'Galapagos' in the North
It all came to an ignominious head at the end of 2012, when the drilling rig Kulluk (pictured top) ran aground off an Alaskan island last New Year's Eve. That was one Keystone Cops misadventure too far; in February, Shell announced that it would not be returning to the Alaskan Arctic in 2013.
In April, ConocoPhillips went one step further and announced it had suspended its plans to go drilling in 2014. That led to some industry and media speculation that both companies might be setting the stage for a longer-term absence from the region — that the combination of operational difficulties, regulatory challenges, and the higher profitability of shale gas meant that attempting to drill for oil in the Arctic Ocean simply wasn't worth while.
ANALYSIS: Arctic Thawing Could Cost $60 Trillion
A Reuters report in May argued that, "the high Arctic, once the irresistible frontier for oil and gas exploration, is quickly losing its appeal as energy firms grow fearful of the financial and public relations risk of working in the pristine icy wilderness." EnergyWire quoted Lois Epstein of The Wilderness Society predicting that, "On Arctic Ocean development, I wouldn't be surprised if Shell withdraws when they find an appropriate time. And then the other dominoes will fall after that."
Such optimism (or, depending on your point of view, pessimism) may have been misplaced, with FuelFix now reporting that Shell intends to return to Arctic waters in 2014, albeit on a reduced scale. According to the blog, Shell plans to "soon file a broad Chukchi Sea drilling blueprint with federal regulators at the Interior Department. The company will not seek to resume drilling in 2014 in the shallower Beaufort Sea, where the floating Kulluk had operated last year." A company spokesperson noted that Shell had not yet committed to a return – and FuelFlex listed a number of logistical and regulatory hurdles that would have to be cleared — but that it was "putting the building blocks in place."
ANALYSIS: The Arctic Is Open For Business
In response, Greenpeace's Ben Ayliffe stated that, "In 2012 Shell proved that it is completely unfit to drill in the remote Arctic, a place of unrivaled beauty where any spill would be an environmental disaster. In April it signed a joint deal with Russia's state owned giant Gazprom, one of the world's most polluting oil companies with a record of serious negligence. Shell has run out of options, and is prepared to gamble its reputation on projects and partnerships that other oil companies have dismissed as far too risky."
Image: Royal Dutch Shell floating drill rig Kulluk in place over their Sivulliq N. U.S. Federal continental shelf petroleum lease in the Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean, approx 12 miles off the Alaska Coast, on Oct. 7, 2012. Credit: Corbis


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Some businesses promise to erase all of a consumer's bad credit history for a fee so that they can finally purchase a car or get a home loan. Generally speaking, there is nothing that a credit repair company can do for consumers that consumers cannot do themselves. No one can legally remove accurate and timely negative information from a credit report. Only time and effort will improve your credit report. There are, however, reputable companies and non-profit organizations who assist consumers in their efforts to help improve their credit.
The Federal Credit Repair Organizations Act (CROA) and the Tennessee Credit Services Businesses Act of 1988 regulate these types of businesses. The Federal law requires that credit repair agencies give consumers a written disclosure explaining their legal rights about credit history before the consumer signs a contract. Also, credit repair agencies must provide a written contract detailing the services and costs before performing any services. In Tennessee, all credit services businesses must be licensed by the Department of Commerce and Insurance; it is unlawful for any company offering these services to charge the consumer for the "repair" services prior to full and complete performance of the services.
Many credit repair companies charge for services that consumers can perform themselves for free, such as removing inaccurate information from a credit report. Unfortunately, many credit repair companies promise to erase all negative credit history. In reality, only time can erase negative information. Through diligent, timely repayment efforts, consumers can improve their credit ratings or scores.


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Title of the LinkWriting Family Histories and Memoirs
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Major shareholders in Chinese online game developer Shanda Interactive Entertainment have voted in favor of a proposal that lets the current CEO of the company and his family members take over the company. CEO Tianqiao Chen offered $41.35 per share, putting its value at about $2.3 billion. The deal would also remove the company from the NASDAQ stock exchange where it went public back in 2004. The company would become privately owned once again. Shanda's buy-out is also being funded by Tianqiao Chen, Chen's wife Qianqian Luo, and his brother Danian Chen.
Shanda operates various games in China. It is second only to Tencent in the region. The company plans to launch its own mobile phone later this year. China's online games market is projected to be worth around 55.7 billion yuan ($8.8 billion) in 2012 and will reach 82.6 billion yuan ($13.1 billion) in 2015, according to a forecast from Analysys International.
Source: PaidContent


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News12 First at Five/ Dec. 2, 2013
Augusta, Ga (WRDW)---Tuesday is the day Augusta Commissioners will vote to approve the 2014 budget. Commissioner conferences could be the first on the chopping block.
"Whatever they've learned is a secret or something, the only thing they've said to me was we had a good time," said Commissioner Grady Smith.
Commissioner Grady Smith is the only one who's stayed put this year. His colleagues have been to conferences all over the country.
"It's fine that you had a good time, but then again what did you go for? Do we need that? We are eight million in the hole," said Commissioner Smith.
"When you go, you grow and learn what other cities are doing. You learn what other communities are dealing with," said Commissioner Marion Williams.
Commissioner Marion Williams has gone to four conferences this year each costing no less than $1,400. At one of those seminars, he says he thought up the Urban Veranda Concept for downtown.
"It's why other cities are progressing and thriving. We complain about what we're not doing. We don't want to go and that means we can't grow," said Commissioner Marion Williams.
In January, Mayor Deke Copenhaver, Commissioners Corey Johnson and Bill Locket racked up a $3,000 bill at a conference in Atlanta. Commissioners Corey Johnson, Bill Lockett, Alvin Mason, Marion Williams and Bill Fennoy had a $12,000 bill for a meeting in Fort Worth, Texas.
"I'd like to know what it cost to send each person out there. Why did we need to send five to each trip," said Commissioner Smith.
One of the most expensive trips is a yearly conference in Savannah. It cost taxpayers $14,000 to send eight commissioners and the mayor.
"If our budget is that bad where we can't take a conference and learn something to bring back, then we don't need to be elected," said Commissioner Williams.
Some say the budget is that bad, because it's $7 million in the hole. Commissioners are issued travel vouchers, which include per diems for meals and mileage; hotel costs are paid directly to the hotel.
Have information or an opinion about this story? Click here to contact the newsroom.
Copyright WRDW-TV News 12. All rights reserved. This material may not be republished without express written permission.


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Modern Warfare 3 Spec Ops Walkthrough
Table of Contents
Server Crash – 3 Stars
Bust in, download vital information, and bust out.
1. During the on-rails sequence on the vehicle, have one person aim for the ground troops and the other destroy the enemy vehicles who love using the mounted machine guns.
2. After you plant the box in the server room, enemies will flood the area. Have one person cover each entrance, the one that leads back up the stairs, and the other, through a tunnel by the servers. Watch out for shield enemies here. Flank these guys.
3. As you exit, going up the stairs, there will be an enemy juggernaut down the tunnel. Throw everything you have at him: flashbangs, grenades and bullets.
Return to the Main Walkthrough Page


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Traditional, absolutely gorgeous biscuits.
Have you ever had fresh baked biscuits? You'll never eat another biscuit from the bazaar again! These are rich, crumbly, super easy to make and ready in 25 mins. Kids love them and we made a batch yesterday for a kids' Dushehra party. Decorating them was a blast! Feel free to add more sugar, this one is not too sweet.
Love snuggling with 'warm' spices in winter? Now, in just half an hour, you can whip up atta, cinnamon, nutmeg, cloves, honey and sugar into a "Lebkuchen"- a wonderful traditional German Christmas time treat. Enjoy!
These easy treats are great for dunking into chai on cold rainy days. The neighborhood kids decorated them in colours of the flag for a yummy and cool school project. You can change colours and patterns suitable to any festival. These make great gifts also. Happy Independence Day!


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Mike Andrews
this wiki
Mike Andrews is a character only heard on radio stations in Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas.
Mike Andrews is implied to be a motivational speaker. He had a show in the Los Santos Convention Center sometime in 1992, which the player cannot watch. He also wrote a book, Rags are Riches.
He talks and writes primarily about how he believes poor people must stop worrying about the fact that they're poor and instead make the most of the opportunity to be poor. He also claims that the rich people (like himself) need the poor people, comparing them to Yin and Yang, respectively.
Ironically, he charges $200 (payable in ten installments) to attend his shows and ridiculous amounts of money to purchase his CDs, making it all seem like a scam to make money.
He is voiced by James Ferrante.