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Browsing articles in lifestyle
Dog's Life: Lifestyle
Get ready for Earth Day
It's not hard beng green, but it does take a little education to know what you're looking for, and research to sniff out some of the sources. So, in order to free you to participate in your local Earth Day celebration, Bark has done the legwork and rounded up a selection of eco-friendly gear for your consideration. Now, get out there and enjoy the day! Chronicle Books' EcoDog: Healthy Living...
Dog's Life: Lifestyle
Dog-Walking Gear
The last time I did the math, I figured out that my dogs and I have gone on more than 14,325 walks over the years. Here's what I've come to value during the miles we've covered. 1. A leather leash. Especially for medium to large dogs, I recommend leather over just about any other material. It's not only soft on your hands, it's strong (even the best-trained dog will sometimes threaten to pull...
Dog's Life: Work of Dogs
Fetching for the Major League
Editor's Note: This article originally appeared in 2000, the year Pacific Bell Park (now AT&T Park) opened. The B.A.R.K. team fielded Splash Hits for a couple of seasons, then was retired when compeition from boaters threatened their safety. They're now a fond memory, and one that we're happy to revive with this article. The Portuguese Water Dogs had waited for over a thousand years...
News: Guest Posts
Why not wag your dog's tale?
Do you find yourself making up stories about your dogs that you think would make a good children's book? I have a million. Like the one about the girl who creates a very, very, very long leash so she can sit on the couch watching Millionaire Matchmaker, while her dog wanders the neighborhood creating havoc. Or the adventures of two black mutts called the The Licorice Twins, who track down missing...
Dog's Life: Lifestyle
For your favorite co-pilot
Finally, an automobile manufacturer is paying attention to us! Honda Motor Co. has come up with a design for a minivan with the safety and comfort of our dog co-pilots in mind. The "WOW Concept," or "Wonderful Openhearted Wagon," developed to test consumer reaction in Japan, was exhibited at the Tokyo Motor Show in late October. The minivan features a special crate for small dogs in the glove...
News: Karen B. London
Adorable puppy, less-than-ideal name
President Obama has had many opportunities to comment on his own name. I laughed when he joked that "Barack" means "that one" and when he kidded around that he got the name "Obama" from his Dad, but that "Hussein" came from somebody who obviously thought that he would never run for President. Clearly, he knows that a name is important. At least he knows that for people. By now, we've all read...
News: Guest Posts
Snuggling like cats and dogs.
Frieda, a two-year-old female Chihuahua, and Morgana, a nine-month-old female tabby mix, were surrendered together to the Marin Humane Society last week. The unlikely pals were victims of the economic bust; Frieda and Morgana's owner lost her home as a result of the financial crisis. And we were all geared up to do our part pitching for this cross-species dynamic duo today, only to discover that...
News: Guest Posts
Malia and Sasha get their dog...at last.
Well, after all the waiting and the speculation, the Obamas have their dog. A six-month-old Portuguese Water Dog named Bo for Bo Diddley. (Actually, according to reports, he was previously named Charlie, which is also my husband's name, so I am disappointed to miss the potentially funny headlines.) A gift from Senator Ted Kennedy, who brings his own Porties to Capitol Hill, Bo's provenance is not...
News: Guest Posts
Plant a tree for your pup this Arbor Day.
So many of my best dog memories are set in the pine forests of the Northwest. Here Lulu and Renzo thread thick groves and leap over downed trees like agility champs. They eagerly truffle at the base of venerable snags and devour fallen branches with the gusto of canine wood-chippers. So, I totally get the Arbor Day Foundation's Trees for Pets pitch. For every dollar given through Trees for Pets,...
News: Guest Posts
A chance to remember, celebrate and learn.
We recently launched Tributes, an online section dedicated to stories about our beloved dogs past. I'm glad we've set aside a space for celebrating our best friends and commiserating over their loss because I believe it's another rich facet of our lives with dogs. A few years ago, I worked on a proposal for a book about pet loss. Nothing came of it, in part, because publishers felt it was a...
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It took 13 years and $3 billion for a vast international consortium of scientists, working as "the Human Genome Project," to determine the order of the three billion chemical building blocks that make up the human genome. But now imagine the day when you and your doctor sit down to review a copy of your own personal genome. This vital information about your biology will enable your physician to inform you of your disease susceptibilities, the best ways to keep yourself healthy or lessen the impact of future illness. Scientists are on the brink of discovering the genetic factors in diabetes, heart disease, common cancers, high blood pressure, asthma, and mental illness. There are 7,000 genetic disorders now known, afflicting 25 million Americans and every one of us is thought to be genetically predisposed to a range of between 5 and 50 serious diseases.
Dr. George Church, an eccentric Harvard geneticist, was one of the lead visionaries of the Human Genome Project and he now dares to believe he can bring this technology to the masses. He is also one of the few who, from the start, has worried about the ethical, legal, and social implications of personal genomics placing equal importance on advancing sequencing technology and raising public awareness. For his Personal Genome Project (the "PGP"), the future is finally here. The first ten volunteers for the PGP have offered themselves up - as guinea pigs, pioneers, genomic astronauts - for this unprecedented experiment at the crossroads of science, health and ethics. By weaving the stories of several of these pioneering ten, we will explore the personal, intimate, and human side of the story. Each of the volunteers might be faced with the knowledge of genetic diseases, loss of privacy, discrimination, and the very frightening prospect of discovering what part of you is nurture and what is plainly nature. Or, they might benefit from personalized medicine allowing genetics to guide them to optimal health.
Dr. Church's stakes are higher than anyone's. Is it possible to scale this experiment up from 10 to 100,000 - the only way to really bring this technology to the masses? Can he work out the ethics fast enough to avoid regret at having opened a potential Pandora's box? Does he have a chance at winning the $10 million X-Prize, and the ultimate acknowledgement that he has achieved his life's work?
GENOME: THE FUTURE IS NOW will be a multi-media production including an in-depth website with video webisodes and a documentary film broadcast nationally on public television or cable with exclusive access to the PGP.
We have already begun production filming a number of historic milestones in the personal genome revolution. After years of planning, the PGP scientists and volunteers gathered for the first time in 2007 as they embarked on a revolutionary social and scientific experiment together. Our cameras witnessed the 9th volunteer provide her blood sample and consent to the process of having her genome sequenced. We watched as the 10th volunteer learned more about the project and co-participants and agreed to take the leap into this scientific exploration. We came to know Dr. George Church, the leader in this futuristic undertaking and spent time at home with him, his wife, and daughter as they eat, sleep, and breathe the PGP.
In the summer of 2008 ours were the only cameras permitted into the genomic consultations of each of the PGP-10 during which they began to understand the health implications of their genomes.
We recently cut three webisodes to introduce audiences to the PGP-10 and the ethical, legal, and social debates swirling around their decision to go public. We are building a companion website to launch weekly webisodes as we continue to follow and film the PGP-10 to the bleeding edge and beyond. We are identifying partner organizations to provide content for the site and recruit an active audience for the webisodes and ultimately, the completed film.
We are currently talking to funders, investors, broadcasters, distributors, and corporate sponsors to assemble the funding for this undertaking. Please contact us if you are interested in learning more about the project or would like to contribute to the film.
Necessary Films participates in the Arts Engine Fiscal Sponsorship Program. Arts Engine is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit corporation and is able to accept tax-deductible contributions on behalf of our film.
Donations of more than $10,000 are eligible to receive on-screen credit in the broadcast film. Donations of any amount are gratefully accepted and are eligible to receive on screen credit in the DVD. All donations further our goal of seeing these important stories brought to the screen and into the public eye.
To Donate
1. Please make your check payable to:
Arts Engine, Inc.
2. Please be sure to put the project's name in the check's memo line.
3. Mail the check to Necessary Films at the address listed below:
Necessary Films
167 East 67th Street, Suite 10EF
New York, NY 10065
4. Finally, please email us to let us know about your generous contribution and so we can update you on the film's progress.
Please feel free to contact us directly should you have any questions about the film or donations.
Many, many thanks again,
Marilyn Ness
These organizations are already supporting the GENOME film:
The Alan & Priscilla Oppenheimer Foundation
Our webisodes were screened at
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Veganbaking.net Vegan Baking Recipes Vegan Bread Recipes Vegan Enriched Bread Recipes
Enriched Breads
Enriched breads, such as the vegan ones here, are any bread that has additional flavor and texture enhancing ingredients other than flour, water, leavening agents and salt. In these flavorful bread recipes, the dough is enriched with ingredients such as agave syrup, vegetable oil and other flavorings. Enriched breads are baked at lower temperatures compared to hearth breads and are usually baked in a loaf pan, sliced and often used for sandwiches.
27 results - showing 16 - 27
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Mattie 8
The subtle buttery flavor of zucchini and intensely sweet flavors of pineapple collide with delicious chaos in this Vegan Zucchini Pineapple Muffin recipe. Flavors are further enhanced by the addition of vanilla extract, cinnamon and nutmeg. Just the right ratio of whole wheat flour and all-purpose flour is used to give these vegan muffins the optimum level of fluffiness.
Mattie 7
This Vegan Pumpkin Spice Muffin recipe has a wonderful warm, buttery flavor that is enhanced by barley malt syrup, lemon juice, cinnamon, ginger and a touch of cloves. Pecans add flavor complexity and a delightful crunch. These vegan muffins are equally good with baked sweet potato purée substituted for the pumpkin as well.
Mattie 1
Mattie 5
Mattie 5
This Golden Vegan Corn Bread Recipe takes advantage of nutritional yeast flakes and a touch of maple syrup which gives it a rich, buttery flavor while corn kernels enhance its hearty texture. It's a Northern style corn bread so it features a mixture of corn flour and all-purpose flour. It's baked in a square baking pan instead of a cast iron skillet and designed to be a little sweeter and more moist than its Southern counterpart.
Mattie 2
This Vegan Carrot Bran Muffin recipe features carrots which lend sweet, buttery notes. These flavors are further enhanced by just the right amount of molasses and your choice of wheat germ, wheat bran or oat bran. Raisins are added for additional sweetness and flavor depth and a touch of vanilla extract ties the flavors together into a dense and hearty muffin.
This Vegan Buttermilk Biscuit recipe makes great vegan dinner rolls that pair well with American feast-style dinners on holidays like Thanksgiving and Christmas. They feature just the right amount of tahini and lemon juice to accurately impart buttermilk flavors.These biscuits are also great served as a snack with a smear of margarine or almond butter. Serve them warm.
This Hearty Vegan Breakfast Muffin recipe was created because I wanted a healthy, hearty vegan muffin that provided good energy for the first meal of the day without giving me a mega-dose of sugar like most other muffins often do. These fruit sweetened muffins contain no refined sugar, more protein, complex carbs and fiber than most other muffins because they feature ingredients like dates, raisins, walnuts, rolled oats, hemp protein powder or soy flour, maple syrup and molasses. These ingredients lend a delightfully complex taste and contribute to a dense hearty texture. They're easy to make and provide about one week of breakfasts. Try them topped with almond butter.
Mattie 13
These Vegan Blueberry Muffins feature a buttery flavor and smooth texture thanks to the combined efforts of non-dairy milk, lemon juice and lemon extract. This compliments the tartness of the blueberries, making a delectable snack for breakfast or any other occasion. The combination of lemon juice and lemon extract in this recipe is so the lemon flavor can be brought up to tasty levels without excessive acidity, which in large amounts can negatively affect gluten's ability to bind.
Mattie 9
Mattie 2
This Vegan Apple Pecan Muffin recipe has a wonderful apple notes enhanced by maple syrup, lemon juice, allspice and cinnamon. The addition of pecans adds a welcome flavor and texture contrast and a touch of unrefined coconut oil makes you not miss the fact that they don't contain any butter. Using tart apples like Granny Smith is preferred for maximum apple flavor.
27 results - showing 16 - 27
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text: 32 Mag vs 327 Federal Apr 27, 2010 19:55:23 GMT -5 Quote Select PostDeselect PostLink to PostMemberGive GiftBack to Top Post by altejaeger on Apr 27, 2010 19:55:23 GMT -5 Have been toying with the idea of acquiring an MGM rifle barrel, 21-22" length, in .312 dia. Would be used for small game, i.e.,r.chucks, g.hogs, coyotes, p. dogs, etc. Any comments as to accuracy for those who might have such a set up? Many thanks. Duane.


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- Appearance
- Triadica sebifera is a deciduous tree reaching 60 ft. (18.3 m) in height and 3 ft. (0.9 m) in diameter.
- Foliage
- Leaves are alternate, heart-shaped, 2-3 in. (5.1-7.6 cm) long with a long, pointed tip.
- Flowers
- Flowering occurs from April to June. The flowers are yellowish and occur on 8 in. (20 cm) long, dangling spikes.
- Fruit
- Three-lobed, greenish fruit are found in clusters at the end of branches. Fruit mature to black and then open to reveal the white wax covered seeds.
- Ecological Threat
- Triadica sebifera invades wet areas such as stream banks and ditches but can also invade drier upland sites. Triadica sebifera is a serious threat because of its ability to invade high quality, undisturbed forests. It can displace native vegetation as well as alter soil conditions due to the high amount of tannins present in the leaf litter. Triadica sebifera is a native of China and was introduced into South Carolina in 1776 for ornamental purposes and seed oil production.
- Invasive Species Management Plans for Florida - University of Florida - Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants
- Nonnative Invasive Plants of Southern Forests - USDA Forest Service
- Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council Invasive Plant Manual - SE-EPPC
- Element Stewardship Abstract - The Nature Conservancy
- Weed of the Week - USDA Forest Service
- Identification and Biology of Non-Native Plants in Florida's Natural Areas - University of Florida
Image Sets View other image sets:
EDDMapS Distribution - This map is incomplete and is based only on current site and county level reports made by experts, herbaria, and literature. For more information, visit www.eddmaps.org
State Invasive List - This map identifies those states that list this species on their invasive species list. For more information, visit Invasive.org
Most Troublesome / Most Common Agricultural Weed List
This map identifies those states that consider this species either most troublesome or most common in at least one commodity. For more information, visit the MTMC project page.
|No Data for this state
|Troublesome or Common weed in one or more crops
Invasive Listing Sources
- Alabama Invasive Plant Council
- Alachua County Cogongrass Initiative
- Apalachicola Invasive Working Group
- California Invasive Plant Council
- East Central Florida CISMA
- Faith Campbell, 1998
- Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council - Category I
- Florida Noxious Weeds
- Georgia Exotic Pest Plant Council - Category 1
- Gulf of Mexico Regional Panel, Aquatic Nuisance Species Annual Report, 2001
- Jackie Poole, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (personal communication)
- John Randall, The Nature Conservancy, Survey of TNC Preserves, 1995.
- Louisiana Noxious Weeds
- Mid-Atlantic Exotic Pest Plant Council, 2005
- Mississippi Noxious Weeds
- National Wildlife Refuge Association, Silent Invasion: A Call to Action from the National Wildlife Refuge Association, 2002. Washington DC. 17 pp.
- Nonnative Invasive Species in Southern Forest and Grassland Ecosystems
- Reichard, Sarah. 1994. Assessing the potential of invasiveness in woody plants introduced in North America. University of Washington Ph.D. dissertation.
- South Carolina Exotic Pest Plant Council - Severe Threat
- Tennessee Exotic Pest Plant Council
- Texas Noxious Weeds
- Treasure Coast Cooperative Invasive Species Mgmt. Area - EARLY DRAFT
- WeedUS - Database of Plants Invading Natural Areas in the United States
Taxonomic Rank
|Kingdom: Plantae
|Phylum: Magnoliophyta
|Class: Magnoliopsida
|Subclass: Rosidae
|Order: Euphorbiales
|Family: Euphorbiaceae
|Genus: Triadica
Synonyms and Other Names
Other Common Names:
Chinese tallow, popcorn tree, Florida aspen, chicken tree, white wax berry
Related Scientific Names:
|Croton sebiferum L.
|Excoecaria sebifera (L.) Müll.Arg.
|Sapium sebiferum (L.) Small
|Stillingia sebifera (L.) Michx
|Triadica sinensis Lour.
CategoriesCategory: Hardwood Trees
|Common Name Reference:
| USDA, NRCS. 2010. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
|Scientific Name Reference:
|USDA, NRCS. 2010. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.


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view all Baker City Herald print publications »
The Baker City Herald is now online in a Replica E-edition form and publishes Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. Current subscribers have full access to the E-edition.
If you are not a current subscriber, subscribe today for immediate access.
Indiana Gauthier, right, was named the winner for her wagon-drawn liberty bell in the Baker City Herald Kiddies Parade Wednesday morning. Indiana, 6, lives in Salem. She was accompanied by her grandmother, Rosanne Van Patten of Baker City.
Indiana Gauthier, 6, of Salem, won the grand marshal award at the Baker City Herald Kiddies Parade Wednesday morning.
Indiana, who was costumed as Miss Liberty and accompanied by her grandmother, Roseanne Van Patten of Baker City, also placed first in the float category for her wagon-drawn liberty bell.
Second place in floats went to Kailey Westman, and third place to Reegan Hellberg.
In the groups and organization category, first place went to MOPS (Mothers of Preschoolers). Second place was the group of Aaron Chavez, Brennan Gibbons and Antonio Washington, and third place went to the Baker County Library's "Indiana Jones" reading group.
In the wheels category, Alex Gauthier took first, Chelsea Davis and Joselyn Hellberg were second, and Cane Hellberg was third.
In the mommy and me stroller category, Ema and Connor Mabon were first-place winners. Second place went to Maci, Averi, Quin and Neli Quigley, and third place to Leela and Bella Henneky.
Following the parade, the Baker Elks served ice cream and set up games at Geiser-Pollman Park for the more than 150 participants.


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Democrats expect they'll be winners in the congressional districts Florida is using for this year's elections, but the state's biggest Democratic county is already a loser.
Broward's clout in the nation's capital is taking a hit under the districts, a side effect of reforms making elections for Congress more fair.
"It'll be a loss," said Fort Lauderdale Mayor Jack Seiler. "When you look at our [current] congressional delegation, it is one of the most influential in the country. ... When you reduce their role in Broward County activity and


text: Benefits of Earthing | Healing and Recharging the BodyFacebook117Pinterest2Twitter0Google+0LinkedIn0Numerous health professionals are evermore stressing the great health benefits of earthing. Various studies have proven the healing effects of earthing, which has surprisingly been found to be more powerful than the use of antioxidants, pain killer medication, blood sugar regulators and at times even cancer medication. Earthing provides the body with natural balancing effects, which is done by shifting and stabilizing charged particles to and from the earth.What exactly is earthing?Earthing is essentially ridding your body from free radicals, pollutions and heavy metals by discharging the body through direct contact with the earth. Sounds strange? Think about this, we electrically ground or "earth" almost all of our electrical appliances, our homes, planes, trains, buildings to protect them from over charging or electrical shock, so earthing the human body or human earthing is exactly the same except with reversed flow of electrons. Our ancestors unknowingly did just that for thousands of years, until our modern life style, with all the electronic interferences and toxic overload started to insulate our bodies from the earth and literary made us into separately and positively charged individuals.Introduction to Benefits of earthing:The earth is full of negatively charged electrons (good for you to the same level as the earth) and most living beings need a balanced and regulated flow of these negative ions for neutralization, equilibrium and growth. While the nature around us has perfected this invigorating mechanism, modern humans are moving further and farther away from it.Not only do we expose ourselves to unhealthy water, air, food and an extremely positively charged lifestyle, even worse we wear insulating plastic shoes, which completely separate us from the healing power of the great Earth. The super destructive effect of electronics surrounding us – our cell phones, TVs, microwaves, radios and millions of wireless equipment – bombard us with millions of positively charge particles and destabilizing particles.We have completely insulated ourselves from the earth's unlimited supply of electrons that heal and rejuvenate us ever since we began wearing rubber soled shoes in the 1960s. Simply by taking your shoes and socks off for a few hours a day you can let the grounding power of earth (Earthing) to fill your body with its natural healing energy thus taking advantage of the benefits of earthing.The earliest and most primitive forms of empowering the benefits of earthing is to put our bare feet on the bare ground. In the following video Dr. Sinatra points out a very interesting fact. He discusses that the real reason why the beaches have such relaxing effect on us is mostly due taking full advantage of the benefits of earthing and not necessarily the weather, wave sound or drinking lemonade. Sure other factors such as the sun do play a significant role but water and sand are the greatest contributors and work magic in discharging the body from harmful radicals and positive ions.Earthing protection against IMFs:Another benefit of earthing is that it protects us from Electromagnetic Fields or better known as EMFs. Migraines, insomnia and various other ailments are not necessarily due to weak immune systems, but they could more likely be the result of extreme exposure to EMFs, which in many cases can be easily cured by the simple and powerful healing effects of earthing.Summarizing the Benefits of Earthing:Every living being needs the earth for balance and energy harmonizationEarthing allows millions of electrons to be soaked up right through our blood cells filling them up with enormous healing powerElectrons will make our blood thinner and relatively thinner blood floors more smoothly through out our bodies, helping organs such as heart and liver function better.Discharged body and thinner blood significantly reduces the changes of cancer, tumors, fatigue, neuron-degenerative diseases, diabetes.Earthing allows the body to discharge other harmful radicalsHow to enforce the healing benefits of Earthing:Take your shoes and socks off daily for two to three hoursWalk bare feet in the outdoors, especially over wet and freshly moist grass, sand or rocky surfacesIf you have a beach near by, try to take regular trips walk in the moist sandEarthing alternative products:If you don't have the time or are not in the right situation to take advantage of natural earthing, I recommend purchasing earthing products, which have worked very well for many people. You can benefit from have simple bare earthing devices that include grounding bed pads and ground mats which will allow you to experience the rejuvenating benefits of earthing in less than a couple of weeks.The more you are connected to the earth the better you will feel and you can do this as much as you possibly can. Earthing can help us heal faster, think better, function and work more productively. Start today, take your shoes and socks off, go outside and soak up the true benefits of earthing.For more general information on earthing Products and visiting EarthingandHealth.comPhoto source: Flickr.STAY INFORMED! Join us and receive free updates... We NEVER share your email with anyoneNo related posts. benefits of earthing earth grounding earth grounding body earthing equipment earthing human earthing human body earthing humans grounding body earth grounding body with earth grounding human body grounding power of earth healing benefits of grounding human body earthing human earth grounding human earthing 2011-06-28Alek Share ! tweet


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British Masonic Miscellany, Part 4
George M. Martin
Kessinger Publishing, Jun 1, 2003 - Social Science - 572 pages
Volume 4 of 5. This collection contains the original British Masonic Miscellany Volumes 13, 14, 15 and 16. This work contains a grouping of things Masonic used by the British. Sample contents: a winter with Robert Burns; Masonic activities of Robert Burns; Sir Walter Scott and Freemasonry; Masonic tradition and the Royal Arch; Rosicrucians and the Freemasons; Masonic legends; Royal Arch Masonry; are we Freemasons or are we just a sham; what influence do we exercise in the modern world; Eglintons and Mother Kilwinning; and much more.
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- Inhabitat – Green Design, Innovation, Architecture, Green Building - http://inhabitat.com -
New 'Super Yeast' Will Reduce Crop Usage In Biofuel Production
Posted By Timon Singh On September 14, 2010 @ 3:44 pm In Innovation,Recycled Materials | 1 Comment
One of the greater issues associated with biofuel is that the sheer amount of grain required to create it could potentially feed millions of people. In fact, when the 'Biofuel Revolution' [1] started under the Bush Administration in 2007, the volume of crops diverted to biofuel production had been said to be impacting food supplies worldwide. To respond to this issue, researchers at the University of California [2] have reportedly created a 'super yeast' [3] made from a selection of genes from a common fungus, all combined with yeast. The new super yeast is anticipated to become a cost effective alternative to food crops (such as grain and soy) in the creation of biofuel, as well as an agent that could reportedly "chew its way through wood and other tough plants."
© Tessa Watson [5]
So why a yeast and not some form genetically modified-crop or substitute crop? According to research from the University of California Berkeley, in their bid to find an alternative, the team realized that they would need a 'super-yeast' to break down the plant material that isn't used as a food source, such as woody plants and other biological waste products.
In traditional biofuel production, yeast breaks down plant sugars into alcohol, but with more robust plant life the yeast is unable to undertake the same process. In order to create their super yeast, the Berkeley team added genes from the fungus Neurospora Crassa [6] (a form of bread mold), which has the capability to digest cellulose, but does not produce alcohol. So when combined with the yeast, the resulting product has the potential to break down any organic material and make biofuel out of it — be it paper, fruit peel, bark or other plant material.
Although this may sound like a miracle discovery, this alternative is not without its problems. First, to initiate this practice, a cost-effective way to process woody plant matter into biofuel must be found. Currently, so-called cellulosic biofuels are made by deploying enzymes to convert cellulose into a form of plant sugar, which then must go through additional processing to yield the glucose that yeast can digest. Secondly, there is the potential risk of disrupting natural ecologies processes. But with car makers and even military branches utilizing biofuel [7], demand has never been higher, and thus if this is to become a mainstream reality, cautious steps must be taken to ensure that production isn't coming at a sacrifice.
+ Clean Technica [8]
Lead image from Flickr © mr.bologna [9]
Article printed from Inhabitat – Green Design, Innovation, Architecture, Green Building: http://inhabitat.com
URL to article: http://inhabitat.com/new-super-yeast-will-reduce-crop-usage-in-biofuel-production/
URLs in this post:
[1] One of the greater issues associated with biofuel is that the sheer amount of grain required to create it could potentially feed millions of people. In fact, when the 'Biofuel Revolution': http://inhabitat.com/?attachment_id=161318
[2] University of California: http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/
[3] 'super yeast': http://www.google.co.uk/url?q=http://domesticfuel.com/2010/09/13/yeast-breakthrough-made-for-cellulosic-ethanol/&sa=X&ei=H6-PTOjTH4SQjAf7jsjiDA&ved=0CCgQqQIoATAA&usg=AFQjCNGgk9uhPbE37ZIZSB22LKcam51FCQ
[4] Image: http://inhabitat.com/2010/09/14/new-super-yeast-will-reduce-crop-usage-in-biofuel-production/yeast/
[5] Tessa Watson: http://www.flickr.com/photos/tessawatson/
[6] Neurospora Crassa: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurospora_crassa
[7] military branches utilizing biofuel: http://www.inhabitat.com/2010/05/11/delta-helicopters-developing-worlds-first-biofuel-capable-helicopter/
[8] + Clean Technica: http://cleantechnica.com/2010/09/14/frankensteins-yeast-could-spur-biofuel-breakthrough/
[9] mr.bologna: http://www.flickr.com/photos/mrbologna/
Click here to print.
Copyright © 2011 Inhabitat Local - New York. All rights reserved.


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Tuesday, April 19, 2011
Time To Use The Harvest Basket
11 comments:
I love lettuce and John loves radishes. He is newly diagnosed diabetic and snacks on chopped up radishes, bell peppers, carrots etc. Wonderful looking harvest!ReplyDelete
These are great makings for a delicious salad.ReplyDelete
Look's delicious! Nothing like home grown vegtables Thank You for stopping by ......JulianReplyDelete
Nice, we haven't even planted our radishes yet. I'll have to do that this week. We are growing some fun radishes this year, purple, watermelon, french breakfast and easter egg.ReplyDelete
This post is great considering the weird weather you have had as of late. Your begonia will be mailed next week.....ReplyDelete
Congrats on your harvest! Your compost is great and I think all cities should have such a place! Sorry about the wind damage and the hose guides are an asset in the gardens. I need to add a few more since enlarging gardens...ReplyDelete
Wonderful!! We have been seeing potatoes, beets, carrots, swiss chard, onions, and cilantro coming up in the garden. .The strawberry plants have some blooms and rhubarb is growing well too. I love this time of adventure. .and it won't be long till we harvest too!ReplyDelete
Love the basket but totally jealous of you already harvesting. My spring garden was planted this week, no rain finally!ReplyDelete
Nothing like fresh produce from one's garden! Looks delicious!!ReplyDelete
I think fresh lettuce is so pretty! I thinned a little for the photographer who is going to have an article, I think this Sunday about my gardening and blogging. I didn't have a bowl to put the lettuce in, but ate it later. I need to get out there and do more thinning, maybe tomorrow. I am so ready for more nice weather, and more harvesting!ReplyDelete


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Valleyarm have launched our dedicated American operations with the opening of our New York City office.
Sarah Hamilton takes up the role of Digital Product Coordinator for the Americas (USA, Canada, South America).
Operating out of our New York office, Sarah's sight is firmly focused on adding more great artists and labels from across the USA to the Valleyarm catalogue, providing enhanced services for all our global artists and labels within the US market and securing great new digital stores and outlets, ensuring that all of our customers keep getting their music out there!
To tie in with the launch of our American operations, Valleyarm is attending both South By Southwest and Canadian Music Week in March 2011. Sarah will be at SXSW, the largest interactive music and technology festival in the world, and generally considered the most influential music conference for breaking artists' careers. Our Asia-Pacific Content Coordinator David Bland will attend Canadian Music Week, which is held annual in Toronto and is now in its 29th year. Valleyarm is also handing out Valleyarm American Music Industry Samplers at both conferences (opportunities still exist for you to be a part of our AMI Sampler).
If you will be at Texas or Toronto and want to arrange meetings with Sarah or David, they would love to hear from you.
Contact Sarah at firstname.lastname@example.com
Contact David at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Click here for Chris'
-Height: 5' 10"
-Weight: 215 Contest (1997), 275 Off-season (1998)
-Eyes: Brown
-Hair: Black
-1994 Florida Muscle News, November
-1995 Ironman Magazine, December, Local Heros column
-1995 Muscle Mag International, January 1996
-1995 Latin Man Calendar for 1996-97
-1995 Gomez Studios: birthday cards, postcards and greeting cards
-1997 Florida Muscle News, May
-1995 ESPN American Muscle, August
-1995 ESPN American Muscle, contest coverage (2 shows)
-1995 Terry Photo: bodybuilding posing exhibition
-1996 ESPN American Muscle, March
-Certified personal trainer
-Football, Basketball, Graphic Designer, Photography
-All Team Sports
-1992 NPC Teen Iowa, overall winner
-1993 NPC Iowa State, 2nd middleweight
-1993 Natural Chicago Classic, 2nd middleweight
-1994 NPC St. Louis Gold's Championships, overall winner teens and men
-1994 NPC Jr. Florida, overall teen winner
-1995 NPC Tournament of Champions, overall novice winner
-1995 NPC Amateur Grand Prix, 4th heavy (NQ)
-1997 NPC Southern USA, 1st heavy (NQ)
-1997 NPC First Coast Championships, 2nd heavy (NQ)
Disclaimer: (Because,
unfortunately, I have to say this stuff.) The suggestions and opinions
on this website are based on my personal experiences. You should always
check with your personal physician before starting any exercise programs,
diets or nutritional supplements. In other words, all information you read
on this site is for informational purposes only. You are in control of
what you do with the information. I have no liability for what you do
with the information or if it causes you any problems. So, please be
careful and use common sense.


text:
This month I've been trying to eat healthier, so salads have been a staple at our house. I'm always on the lookout for new recipes to try. I love making salads in the summer, so I don't have to heat up my kitchen. I love to mix them up with different fruits and dressings. Here are seven delicious salad recipes for your family to try.
7 sensational salad recipes for summer
(click on the images or links below to be taken to the original post)
- Berry almond salad from I Heart Nap Time
- Fiesta summer salad from Baby Center
- Southwest pasta salad from Two Peas and Their Pod
- Skin beauty salad from Scandi Home
- BBQ chicken salad from I Heart Nap Time
- Brocoli grape harvest salad from Eat Yourself Skinny
- Panera asian chicken salad from Iowa Girl Eats
Also don't miss these 5 healthy salads.
Which recipe are you excited to try?
For more creative ideas visit me at I Heart Nap Time or follow me on Pinterest.


text:
UnNews talk:Errata 4 February 2008
From Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
Revision as of 02:05, February 7, 2008 by Sean.hoyland (talk | contribs)
I would like to complain in the strongest possible terms about the disgusting and offensive image in this article. Where do you people get off making stuff like this and just leaving it laying around the place for anyone to use ? I pity you, I really do. You will be in my prayers. Sean.hoyland - tak() 13:34, 6 February 2008 (UTC)
- For the love of god, why is the image still there ? Sean.hoyland - tak() 02:05, 7 February 2008 (UTC)


text:
About Us
Mission: To provide support for students and programs and to promote creativity, innovation and excellence in partnership with the Port Angeles Public Schools.
Objective: To be the premier fundraising and support organization for our public school students and district.
Port Angeles Education Foundation: The Port Angeles School District encompasses 347 square miles of the Olympic Peninsula and draws it's 3,600 students and 500 staff from a population of 28,000. The Port Angeles Education Foundation was formed in 1991 as a 501©(3) non-profit organization comprised of community volunteers that strive to meet the growing challenges to public education not met through traditional sources of funding.
The Foundation awards scholarships, allocates grants to the schools for special projects, distributes funds to help needy students, and raises funds to further the organization's purpose. It accepts restricted funds and manages endowment funds for the benefit of the schools and students. Our structure allows us to foster private/public partnerships between individuals, businesses, corporations and community groups looking for a tax-deductible way to help our local schools. Port Angeles Education Foundation funds do not support existing or mandated programs or staff salaries.


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Kajal Agarwal in Saree
This gorgeous celebrity name is Kajal Agarwal and originally from Mumbai city itself. She won total 08 award till 2013 year. She has over 35 movies in her pocket since she started her career.  Earlier we posted Kajal Agarwal feet pictures and this time sharing how she looks in traditional saree. Check out latest avatar of Kajal Agarwal in saree in our below 2014 gallery.
Photo Gallery
Find only high resolution Kajal Agarwal Saree wallpapers to decorate your desktop computer, laptop to ipad background.  Find these  pictures of Kajal Agarwal in red, pink, white and black saree:
HTML Code to Share on FB, Orkut, Hi5 etc
BB Code to Share


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Friday, April 03, 2015
4 comments
hello everyone. I wasn't on here since 2011. glad to be back. I did weigh 213, down to 170 now. just bought my own home yesterday - signed papers. so happy. still with same boyfriend, 13 yrs now.... Read more
Thursday, March 03, 2011
2 comments
I like today's story on osteoarthritis. I have that .my doctor told me osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis and bursitis.i am in pain a lot.i need to exercise again.need help to get motivated again.... Read more
Sunday, January 09, 2011
4 comments
I had a very rough holiday season.my cat died a day after Thanksgiving.My sister passed away New Year's Eve morning.She was only 49 yrs.old. Only 80lbs. We didn't even know she was sick.But there was a lot of health problem the autopsy showed.I ... Read more
Saturday, March 27, 2010
5 comments
HOW ARE YOU ALL DOING? I GAINED MY WEIGHT BACK,SO STARTING OVER AGAIN.IT IS SUPPOSE TO SNOW.IT HAS NOT YET IN WISCONSIN.... Read more
Tuesday, November 17, 2009
5 comments
TODAY IS MY BIRTHDAY!... Read more
Saturday, November 14, 2009
2 comments
how is everyone today? its chilly out and cloudy.i walked tho.and worked out at home.... Read more
Friday, November 13, 2009
3 comments
how is everyone today? i got up early.worked out.walked already.went to curves.so im cleaning now.... Read more
Thursday, November 12, 2009
2 comments
TODAY I WALKED AND WENT TO CURVES AGAIN.TONIGHT IS THE XMAS PARADE IN MY TOWN.ITS DARK BY 5PM LATELY.IT WAS CHILLY OUT TODAY.SUN WAS OUT A LIL.I SHOPPED.WAS SUPOSE TO DO LAUNDRY.BUT I WILL 2MARO.HOPE EVERYONE HAD A GREAT DAY.... Read more
Tuesday, November 10, 2009
1 comments
how are you all today? i am doing good.today is another beautiful day.the sun is out.it might reach 60 today.i worked out.and went to curves.... Read more
Monday, November 09, 2009
2 comments
hello,how is everyone today? today the sun is shining.i am gonna walk alot. i worked out at curves already.... Read more
Sunday, November 08, 2009
5 comments
how are you all today? it is beautiful here in Wisconsin today.the sun is shining.64 degrees. its hard to believe cuz its been soooo cold.i walked so much and worked out at home.... Read more
Thursday, November 05, 2009
4 comments
HOW IS EVERYONE TODAY? I AM GREAT. I ATE HEALTHY ALL DAY.AND WENT TO CURVES.AND BOUGHT ALL JUICES.AND WALKED THE DOG 5 MILES.I FEEL GREAT.... Read more
Monday, November 02, 2009
3 comments
Im heading out the door to curves.I already walked this morning.I gotta eat better after Halloween.Hope everyone is having a great day.Im watching Rachel Ray.Today is cold again.Cloudy also,looks like snow.... Read more
Sunday, November 01, 2009
2 comments
hows everyone today?im doing good.i am working out.and walking alot.i had a nice halloween.hope you all did too.... Read more
Tuesday, October 27, 2009
2 comments
i am back.ready and strong.i am making my relationship work.and i am working out.walking.doing what i can to be happy.hope everyone has a great day.... Read more


text:
Orbcomm provides wireless data for Komatsu
| July 20, 2010 |
Komatsu and Orbcomm signed an agreement allowing Orbcomm to continue to provide wireless data services for Komatsu's heavy equipment telematics operations. The multi-year agreement covers the Komtrax and VHMS onboard machine monitoring and communications systems.
From our partners
With increased payload capacity and advancements in engine, transmission and cab design, the new Cat® 730C EJ Articulated Truck is…
More From: Telematics
- Parsons Brinckerhoff awarded contract for construction engineering and inspection services for I-4 widening in Florida
- Newmont Mining Company names Metso as supplier of the year
- Blastrac opens Greenville, S.C. location, adds Ricky Norkett and Mike Lancaster to 'Team Blue'
- Michael F. Donnino elected to ARTBA's executive committee
- Winners announced for student video contest on transportation issues
- Volvo Trucks names Göran Nyberg...
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text:
NBC's Meet the Press is still finding it's legs and voice after the death of Tim Russert. New host David Gregory is in the unenviable position of filling Russert's shoes. Now the competition is tightening.
It's going to take awhile to get used to Gregory. Russert was at the helm for 17 years. But Gregory can always say he came on board at the same time a new president was inaugurated. Barack Obama is in his 91st day in office. It's way too early to judge #44; and it's way to early to judge whether Gregory will also have staying power.
But, as they say in the tv biz, stay tuned.


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by John Davis
Research May Have Delayed Endangered Species Decision
A preliminary risk assessment conducted by scientists at The Institute of Environmental and Human Health tested the Fish and Wildlife Service's list of possible human-created threats to the lizard.
Ranchers and the petroleum industry are worried that listing the species could cause major problems with both industries.
Meet the Researchers
Todd Anderson is a professor at The Institute of Environmental and Human Health in the College of Arts and Sciences.
Chris Salice is an assistant professor of environmental toxicology at The Institute of Environmental and Human Health in the College of Arts and Sciences.
Citing dunes sagebrush lizard research done by Texas Tech University scientists, a letter from Sen. John Cornyn (R-Texas) may have helped to sway the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to delay a decision on listing the 3-inch-long reptile as an endangered species.
The service, which had planned to make a decision in December 2011 announced it would postpone for another six months.
A preliminary risk assessment for the lizard done by scientists at The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH) tested the Fish and Wildlife Service's list of possible human-created threats to the lizard.
"Based on our preliminary data, it didn't appear certain factors listed as a concern to the lizard's well-being could be contributing to impacts on the lizard," said Todd Anderson, a professor of environmental chemistry at TIEHH. "In looking at the reasons why this species was proposed for listing, we developed a suite of preliminary studies that we thought would be helpful in figuring out what might be happening to this animal and the relationship, if any, to oil and gas production specifically."
Already labeled as endangered by the New Mexico Dept. of Game and Fish, the species lives in sand dunes covered with shinnery oak in Southeastern New Mexico and West Texas, primarily in the Permian Basin. Scientists began warning about decreasing lizard numbers in 1997, and the species was nominated for protection in 2001, though the decision was delayed.
Ranchers and the petroleum industry are worried that listing the species could cause major economic problems.
Some possible stressors cited by U.S. Fish and Wildlife included:
- Poisonous hydrogen sulfide gas and petroleum hydrocarbon and sulfate contamination of dune sand by the oil industry
- The use of the herbicide Tebuthiuron by ranching industry on shinnery oak habitats
- Changing weather patterns affecting the size of sand grains in dunes that the lizards use for nesting
The researchers found little evidence that these issues were enough to significantly impact the lizard's ability to live and breed.
"We didn't find a lot of evidence that those stressors were that pronounced in areas that would be considered high oil and natural gas production activity," said Chris Salice, an assistant professor of environmental toxicology. "We didn't find high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide gas, although we did find some near oil pads. We found no relationship with oil and natural gas production and changes in sand characteristics with regard to pH and sand grain size. And we didn't find any Tebuthiuron in the samples we analyzed."
The team focused research efforts at University Lands, a large area of land near Andrews set aside for oil, gas and ranching leases by the University of Texas System.
Texas Tech researchers found little evidence the contamination of dune sand by the oil industry has hurt the lizards.
Scientists studied eight sites featuring dunes with shinnery habitats, some where lizard populations were observed and some without.
Salice cautioned the preliminary study is limited in scope and would like to conduct a larger research study to better characterize those stressors across the range of the species to see if they are problematic.
"We have every intention of collecting more data this year," he said. "This past year, we looked at the occurrence of hydrogen sulfide in the environment for a small area of land and found it in small amounts close to oil production. Considering the range of this species, which extends all the way into Eastern New Mexico, our study encompassed just a small portion of the total range.
However, he said no one knows the toxic effects that low levels of hydrogen sulfide gas may have on the animal.
"What we don't know, and what nobody knows, is what the adverse effects could be if lizards were exposed to hydrogen sulfide even at low levels," Salice said. "The big uncertainty is that perhaps those low concentrations have some sort of effect on the lizard, but at the moment, we don't have any data on that. It may be that the low levels we observed are not toxic enough to kill the lizard, but perhaps make the species more susceptible to predation or alter its ability to capture certain prey items. These are research topics we're pursuing right now with the western fence lizard, a surrogate species."
Click images to enlarge.
The research was funded by the Permian Basin Petroleum Association.
John Davis is a Senior Writer in the Office of Communications & Marketing at Texas Tech University. Videos produced by Scott Irlbeck, Senior Editor of Research & Academic Communications for the Office of the Vice President for Research at Texas Tech University. Images courtesy Chris Salice and Todd Anderson.


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After the huge opening of [movie id="369195″]"Twilight"[/movie] over the weekend, the rest of the world is realizing what we've known for some time: There's no stopping the Twilighters. During the past year, fans have weighed in on the trailers, the exclusive clip on the Movie Awards preshow, and the cast's appearance on the Video Music Awards , all on MTV's YouRHere site — and now that the film is finally here, of course they've taken their reactions online.
Not surprisingly, the majority of reactions were positive. "I absolutely loved the whole entire thing," dstewart1017 said. "It's one of my favorite movies ever." Extra-big love went out to star [movieperson id="365131″]Robert Pattinson[/movieperson], who "played Edward perfectly." Most of the fans echoed that sentiment; hazelnut4o6 said Pattinson "just comes in like some male underwear model or something, he was gorgeous." Fans reported hearing much squealing and screaming upon his entrance, but some kept their feelings to themselves. "I had a guy sitting next to me on this side, and a guy sitting next to me on this side, and they didn't have the same expressions as I did because they don't think Edward's hot," said bluefrosting44.
Other members of the "Twilight" cast got shout-outs as well. "I think that [movieperson id="262629″]Kristen Stewart[/movieperson] did a really good job," said dstewart1017. Roxxie567 raved that [movieperson id="1017548″]Jackson Rathbone[/movieperson] [as Jasper] is "the sexiest man alive," and madisonpattinson said that "even though I'm Team Edward, Jacob [[movieperson id="373803″]Taylor Lautner[/movieperson]] was still pretty cool."
The film's director, Catherine Hardwicke, got major praise from the Twilighters for bringing their beloved novel to life onscreen. "Seriously, she's awesome," gushed GilgunnsloveCullens. "She understands the fans. She understands what we're looking for… and it was incredible." Hazelnut4o6 thanked everyone involved "for making this movie as good as it is."
But there were some fans of the book that felt the film didn't do it justice. "It wasn't horrible, but it could have been better," said KaitSyd, wondering why some key moments — "like the blood-testing scene" — were missing from the movie. KaitSyd also found the character of Jasper slightly ridiculous ("His face was all weird. It was hard not to laugh.") and gave the film an overall grade of C+. "I think they should get a different screenwriter for 'New Moon.' "
Check out everything we've got on "Twilight."
For breaking news, celebrity columns, humor and more — updated around the clock — visit MTVMoviesBlog.com.


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Tags2stars4peace acceptance akrum ali dahmash aljazeera amman arabicworld cairo celebration comment conversation demonstration dirk egypt engagement experiences freedom friday prayers grassroot ideas interview interviews israel jerash jerusalem jordan martine middle east opportunity palestine peace police reasons refugee camp streets summary tahrir talk tel aviv them ulrike us we westbank why
Recent Comments
- Von Fake-Bilder erstellen mit PhotoFunia zu 2stars4peace | Banedon's Cyber-Junk on Do You Join A Walk Across The River Jordan?
- The Life of Brian (2002) - Movie on Meeting students at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Be'er Sheva
- Meeting students at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Be'er Sheva | Two Stars for Peace on Still Small Voices
- lirun on Lirun on 2stars4peace
- Conversation with Ahmed, an Egyptian soldier at the Suez Canal | Two Stars for Peace on Friday at Tahrir Square – Egypt's Revolution Is Not Yet Finished
Recent Posts
Monthly Archives: February 2011
Meeting Social Activist Ali Dahmash in Amman
TweetAfter returning from the Jerash Gaza Refugee Camp, the day ended with Ali Dahmash, a social activist and entrepreneur. Unfortunately it didn't work out to meet under his olive tree . Akrum was still with us. Listening to both discussing … Continue reading
Posted in Conversations, Jordan Tagged akrum, ali dahmash, interview, jordan, talk Leave a comment
Experiences at Jerash Gaza Refugee Camp
TweetAfter meeting Sale, we continued our journey towards Jerash Refugee Camp. It started as an emergency camp with a few tents back in 1968. Today it is a small village with low level infrastructure and heavy social problems (e.g. poverty, … Continue reading
Posted in Conversations, Jordan Tagged interviews, jerash, police, refugee camp 1 Comment
Do You Join A Walk Across The River Jordan?
Tweet27th of February 2011 Sunday morning Akrum, a friend of Betsy who we've met the day before, came to our hotel and helped us finding the car rental company. Not that easy as local addresses often only point to a … Continue reading
Posted in Conversations, Jordan, Palestine Tagged 2stars4peace, ideas, jordan, peace 3 Comments
It's Never "Me", It's Always "Them"
TweetWe just came back from our first meeting with people – whom we connected via twitter and blogs before we left home – living in working in Amman, Jordan. 3 young American women (Betsy, Paula – both Fullbrighters – and … Continue reading
Posted in Conversations, Jordan Tagged amman, conversation, jordan, talk, them, we 5 Comments
2stars4peace – Time to Re-Start
TweetWe just arrived in Ammann, Jordan. 2 weeks of travels ahead of us. From Amman we are travelling south, jumping on a ferry to Nuweibat SInai, Egypt. Crossing Sinai and Suez Canel and heading on towards Cairo. Then Israel and … Continue reading
Posted in Jordan, Two Stars for Peace Tagged 2stars4peace, engagement, peace, reasons, ulrike, why Leave a comment
Is the West Bank Next?
TweetI would like to comment on MJ Rosenberg's article on Al Jazeera "Is the West Bank Next?" To me the protests in the street show that people couldn't care less about established governments – they want freedom and opportunity. They … Continue reading
Posted in Israel, Martine Rothblatt, Palestine, Two Stars for Peace Tagged aljazeera, comment, freedom, opportunity, streets, westbank Leave a comment
Interview with Martine Rothblatt – "Two Stars for Peace" just another US approach?
TweetUlrike interviewed Martine lately about the "Two Stars for Peace" idea. It covers some of the most obvious questions: Is it just another US approach? Why should Israel or Palestinian people be interested in supporting that approach? How would 2 … Continue reading
Posted in Israel, Martine Rothblatt, Middle East, Palestine, Two Stars for Peace Tagged 2stars4peace, acceptance, arabicworld, grassroot, interview, us, why Leave a comment
"Why do I myself engage in Two Stars for Peace?"
TweetThat's definitely the question I thought of the most of in recent days. The very first reason: my hunger for knowledge. I'm interested in politics – in regional as well as in global issues. That's why I went to Tanzania … Continue reading
Posted in Two Stars for Peace Tagged 2stars4peace, dirk, engagement, peace, reasons, why Leave a comment


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New from Royal Langnickel, these Classroom Value Packs suit every project, age group, class size, and budget. Each set is filled with an assortment of Royal's most popular classroom brushes, contained in a versatile storage tray.
Camel Rounds, Set of 24 — For watercolor and tempera. The set includes 6 of each size, 24 pieces total: sizes 3, 5, 8, and 12 Round; plus a bonus brush-drying and storage rack.
® Royal Langnickel is a registered trademark.


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Philips 43-inch 4K UHD Monitor is More Screen Than Your Computer Will Ever Need
How anyone will be able to use Philips' new UHD monitor without their brain exploding is beyond me.
How anyone will be able to use Philips' new UHD monitor without their brain exploding is beyond me.
Get out the soldering iron.
It's a home office monster.
As long as whatever you want to play runs on an Atom X7 Z8700 processor.
Available right now.
Particularly surreal 'IT Crowd' episode or real life?
Connect your dongle direct to the web.
Datacentre and deep-learning performance in your creaky old Dell, if it fits the slots of 2007.
Got £90,000 going spare?
If you're the owner of a Toshiba laptop, there's a chance its battery could overheat and go kaboom and melt your machine
A program designed for boring functionality can be used for much more fun things.
The truth is that out of seemingly simple rules can grow great complexity
Parents, prepare for coded confusion.
While Google Glass might have failed to capture many consumers' imagination, the faceputers still have a place in industry, with Tesla reportedly using the gadgety goggles to produce its vehicles.


text:
Glass Bibliography
The Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh has quite an intriguing selection of materials (books and DVDs/videos) many of which provide another feast for the eyes through their numerous photographs of spectacular glass pieces. Others - should you want to explore the possibilities of learning how to work with glass - give you a good idea of the pleasures and perils in the techniques used for the art and craft of glass working.
We have also added some fiction titles and some children's titles, each of which can launch you into the exciting world of glass.
Glass Blowing Techniques
Glass Blowing a Technical Manual
TP859.B873 2005x
This is a book on how to build your own studio.
Glass: philosophy and method, hand-blown, sculptured, colored
Glass Notes: A Reference for the Glass Artist
q NK5104.h2 1996
Glass Notes is the text of choice for most if not all the glass programs in the U.S. and is commonly referred to as "The glass blower's bible."
Glass Working by Heat and by Abrasion
r TP859 .G56 1988
Originally published in 1899, this handbook contains, in a form convenient for everyday use, a comprehensive digest of the information on working glass by heat and by abrasion and supplies concise instruction on the general principles of the subject.
Glass Craft: Designing, Forming, Decorating
Glass: An Artist's Medium
Mt Lebanon Non-Fiction - 748.2 K63
Kohler is a much awarded artist and has taught glassblowing at universities and craft schools since 1992.
rq TT298 .K84 1974
Glassblowing a Search for Form
r TP859 .L57 1971
Harvey Littleton is known as the "father of the Studio Glass Movement."
The Kiln Book: Materials, Specifications & Construction (Kiln Book)
rq TT924.O44 2001x
This is the definitive guide on kiln design and construction for artisans and artists worldwide and offers complete plans and instructions for building kilns of all sizes and purposes.
Lampworking Techniques
The Complete Book of Glass Beadmaking
A good book for setting up a workstation for beginners.
Glassblowing: An Introduction To Artistic And Scientific Flameworking
q TP859 .C37x
Formed of Fire
NK5110.D86 2002x
Dunham's instructional textbooks on lampworked glass technique are widely considered the "bible" in the field.
Making Glass Beads
Step-by-step instructions for plain glass, millefiori (thousand flowers), sculpted beads, and others.
The Art & Soul of Glass Beads: 17 Bead Artists Share Their Inspiration & Methods
Northland Nonfiction - 745.582 R21
This is a jewelry making book that features interviews with 14 glass bead artists as they create their work.
Flameworking: Glassmaking for the Craftsman
Warm Glass Techniques
Kiln-Fired Glass
q 748 A54
Warm Glass: A Complete Guide to Kiln-Forming Techniques: Fusing, Slumping, Casting
q TT298.B495 2005
A comprehensive and complete book, involving warm glass techniques, including problem solving and technical details.
Creative Glass Techniques: Fusing, Painting, Lampwork
Lark Books (August 1, 2005). ISBN: 1579907644. $16.47
A manual for three specialized techniques in working with glass: fusing, painting, and lampworking (shaping glass with a torch).
Fused Glass Handbook
q TT298 .R49 1987
A guide to learning kiln skills.
Books About Art and Artists
The Art Of Glass: Art Nouveau To Art Deco
q NK5109.85.A7 A778 1996
Glass Throughout Time: The History and Technology of Glassmaking from the Ancient World to the Present
q NK5101.5.I8 A5813 2003x
The history of glass and glassmaking is shown here through 400 works from ancient times to those created using the latest technology.
Artists Confronting the Inconceivable: Award Winning Glass Sculpture
q NB1270 .G4 A78 1992x
Jewish Holocaust in art
Dale Chihuly
Chihuly: Form From Fire/ essays by Walter Darby Bannard, Henry Geldzahler
q NK5198.C43 A4 1993x
Chihuly Jerusalem 2000
q NK5198.C43 A4 2000c
Chihuly's Pendletons: And Their Influence On His Work
folio qNK5198.C43 A4 2000
Dale Chihuly: Installations, 1964-1992
q NK5198.C43 A4 1992x
Icicles: The Icicle Creek Chandelier
q NK5198.C43 A4 1998
q NK5198.C43 K87 1998x
The Essential Dale Chihuly
NK5198.C43 W37 2000x
Paul J. Stankard: Homage to Nature
r NK5198.S677 D54 1996
Stankard began crafting his first paperweights in 1971; by the end of that decade he had become nationally known. Today his work is in the collections of such museums as The Corning Museum of Glass, The Art Institute of Chicago, and others.
Higgins: Adventures In Glass
q NK4210.H497 A4 1997
Artists in Glass: Late Twentieth Century Masters in Glass
q NB1270.G4 K58 2001
A comprehensive and timely survey of the international art glass movement, exploring its dynamic history and its future at the beginning of the 21st century.
Women Working In Glass
q NK5112.K65 2003
Glass Art
q NK 5110 .L38 1996
500 Glass Objects: A Celebration Of Functional And Sculptural Objects
American Studio Glass: 1960-1990
q NK5112.L97 2004
Sculpture, Glass and American Museums
q NB1270.G4 L96 2005
Lynn visits 26 museum collections and discusses how sculpture made of glass found its way into those collections. This publication was commissioned by the Art Alliance for Contemporary Glass.
Two Hundred Years Of American Blown Glass
q 738.2 M176
Durand: The Man and His Glass
q NK5198.V46 M48 1998
Out of the Fire: Contemporary Glass Artists and Their Work
Bethel Park Nonfiction - 730.0979 M
Miller introduces 30 contemporary artists in a volume that suggests the versatility of glass and engenders curiosity about glassworkers' techniques.
Mazorca: Objects Of Common Ceremony
Essays by Isabel Allende and James Yood ; photographs by Robert Vinnedge
q NK5198.M585 A4 2004x
Exhibited in collections from 2002 to 2004, these inscrutable idols, masks, figurines, rattles, vases, urns and beads are inspired by the Mesoamerican and Andean peoples of Central and South America.
William Morris: Animal/Artifact
q NK5198.M585 Y66 2000
Dante Marioni: Blown Glass
q NK5198.M3643 A4 2000
Pilchuck: A Glass School
q NK5112.O43 1996
The Art Of Louis Comfort Tiffany
q NK4210.T53 P3 1992x
This is just one of many books on L. C. Tiffany, Tiffany Glass, and Tiffany Studios.
Collectors Encyclopedia Of American Art Glass: A Vivid Color Guide To Numerous Art Glass Types
q NK5439.A77 S58 1999x
Published in connection with an exhibition held at the American Craft Museum, New York, N.Y., Sept. 13-Oct. 29, 2000, Nov. 21, 2000-Jan. 7, 2001.
Emile Galle: Dreams Into Glass
q NK5198.G27 A4 1984
Catalog of an exhibition held at the Corning Museum of Glass, Corning, N.Y., Apr. 28-Oct. 21, 1984.
The Essential René Lalique
N6853.L26 W37 2003x
Check out other books about Lalique
Fire and Form: The Art of Contemporary Glass
q NK5198.W26 2003
Warmus became curator at The Corning Museum of Glass in 1978 where he curated the landmark exhibition "New Glass," the first studio glass exhibition to be shown at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
The Corning Museum of Glass: A Decade of Glass Collecting, 1990-1999
q NK5102.C65 C674 2000
The Corning Museum of Glass in Corning, NY, houses a premier glass collection. Whitehouse, the museum's executive director, documents the most significant acquisitions made by the museum in 1990s, featuring a variety of international glasswork.
Glass: A Pocket Dictionary Of Terms Commonly Used To Describe Glass And Glassmaking
r TP788 .W48 1993
Glass Of The Roman Empire
Glass Art From Urbanglass
q NK5198.U73 G58 2000
UrbanGlass was founded in 1977 by artists Richard Yelle and Erik Erikson as the New York Experimental Glass Workshop. UrbanGlass was the first artist-access glass center in the United States and is now the largest.
International Glass Art
q NK5104.Y45 2003
Videos & DVDs
Alchemy in Light: Making Art Glass
Director: Kenneth Grimes
Art G - A
This is a video documentary about the creative and technical work of making art glass.
Art Glass Looking At The Basics
Art G - A
Studio glass in the 21st century
- Dale Chihuly has produced a number of amazing videos that have aired on PBS and other places.
Chihuly: DVD Collection
(DVD) NK5198.C43 C495 2003x
- Dale Chihuly, Glass Master
Art A Chi
- Chihuly over Venice
Art A - Chi (video or DVD)
- Chihuly River of Glass
(DVD) NK5198.C43 C498 2004x
- Dale Chihuly, Glass Master
Crafts By Hand. Blown Glass. Stained Glass
(VIDEO) TT24.N7 C734 1988x
In the blown glass segment, glassblower Andy Magdanz demonstrates how to make clear and colored glass pieces
Essential Lampworking 2
(DVD) TT298.E8735 2004x
For the intermediate glassworker, this program demonstrates how to make a five-piece vase.
Essential Marbles
(DVD) TT298.E8737 2006x
Demonstrates basic and advanced boro marble techniques
Ancient Glass in the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh
Carnegie Museum of Natural History
rq NK5107 .C37 1980x
Art Glass In Pittsburgh: A Tour Of Glass Designed By J Horace Rudy And Rudy Brothers Company
NK5398.R83 A7 1997x
Bakewell, Pears & Co.: Glass Catalogue
NK5198.B34 B3 1977x
Bining, William J.
The Glass Industry of Western Pennsylvania, 1797-1860
rq HD9623.U46 P463 1936x
Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh
Stained Glass in Pittsburgh; an Index to Stained Glass Artists Whose Work is Located in Pittsburgh
qr 748 C216 (1944)
Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh
Water-glass; a Bibliography, comp. by Morris Schrero
r 016.6614 S37
Commoner and American Glass Worker
Weekly periodical
1887 to 1889. (microfilm)
Drawn to the Surface: Artists in Clay and Glass
[exhibition organized by Sande Deitch]
q NK4008 .D7 1987x
Pittsburgh Center for the Arts, [1987]
Glass worker (Pittsburgh, Pa.)
The glass worker.
Microfilm - 1911 to 1925.
"Dedicated to the American glass industry, its progress first and always."
Innes, Lowell
Early Glass of the Pittsburgh District, 1797-1890
Exhibited at Carnegie Museum, April 21 to Sept. 6, 1949
Carnegie Museum
Innes, Lowell
Pittsburgh Glass, 1797-1891: a History and Guide for Collectors
q NK5112 .I55
International Survey of Contemporary Art Glass
NK5439.A77 I58 1994x
Catalog of an exhibition held at the Wood Street Galleries and Concept Art Gallery
Madarasz, Anne
Glass: Shattering Notions
A companion to The Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania exhibition Glass, Shattering Notions, The Senator John Heinz Pittsburgh Regional History Center, opening April 1998.
q NK5112.M33 1998x
M'Kee Victorian Glass: Five Complete Glass Catalogs from 1859/60 to 1871
Nichols, Sarah C.
Contemporary Directions: Glass from the Maxine and William Block Collection
rq NK5110.N53 2002
"Published on the occasion of the exhibition Contemporary Directions: Glass from the Maxine and William Block Collection, organized by Carnegie Museum of Art (April 6-July 7, 2001) and at the Toledo Museum of Art (exhibition November 21, 2003-February 15, 2004)"
Palmer, Arlene M.
Artistry and Innovation in Pittsburgh Glass, 1808-1882: from Bakewell & Ensell to Bakewell, Pears & Co.
PENNA q NK5101.P6 F75 2004x
Reprint of Geo. Duncan and Sons Catalog of Fine Flint Glassware, circa 1890
Bookmobile Center - Non-Fiction Collection - NK5198.G4 A4 1984
Geo. Duncan and Sons (Pittsburgh, Pa.) -- Catalogs.
Tannler, Albert M.
A Tour of Later Gothic Revival: Architecture and Stained Glass in Metropolitan Pittsburgh
r NK5312.T36 2000x
United States Glass Company
Catalogs from around 1900
The main protagonist in this mystery, Gerard Logan, is a glassblower.
FICTION Francis
A film by Werner Herzog, set in the pre-industrial past, that tells of a German village that looses the secret of making its unique Ruby glass.
DVD - foreign film (German)
Through a Glass, Darkly
In this mystery, Commissario Guido Brunetti investigates a murder on Murano, the famed island of glassmakers in Venice.
FICTION Leon, Do
Alien in a Bottle
With the help of a star-gazing classmate and an unusual assortment of aliens from outer space, teenager Sean Winger tries to find a way to convince his parents to let him pursue his dream of becoming a glass blower.
FICTION Mackel
Children's Books
A Day In The Life Of A Colonial Glassblower
Mt Lebanon J Non-Fiction - j 748.29 Bra
Elena's Serenade
In Mexico, a little girl goes on a journey to learn to be a glassblower and gains confidence along the way.
qj Fic Geeslin
Fire Into Ice: Adventures In Glass Making
Three Golden Rivers
Foreword and afterword by Margaret Mary Kimmel.
When recently orphaned sixteen-year-old Jenny and her younger brother and sisters move to Pittsburgh, their resourcefulness makes possible a career in glassmaking for Stephen.
Mt Lebanon J Non-Fiction - j 363.7285 Tho


text:
Index of content:
Volume 55, Issue 10, 15 May 1984
The use of linear predictive modeling for the analysis of transients from experiments on semiconductor defects55(1984); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.332953View Description Hide Description
Many methods have been employed to analyze data from experiments which measure transient responses to excitations. One such experiment,deep level transient spectroscopy, is widely used in the study of semiconductor defects. The covariance method of linear predictive modeling, which is used in digital signal processing, can be applied to the problem of transient analysis. We describe the covariance method and its limitations, and present the results of its use to analyze the data from capacitance transient experiments.
Phase‐resolved photoacoustic microscopy: Application to ferromagnetic layered samples55(1984); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.332954View Description Hide Description
The possibility of using the phase shift of the acoustic signal of different constituents as a new tool for a depth profile analysis of layered samples is discussed. This new method is experimentally demonstrated by measuring the phase variations of the photoacoustic detected ferromagnetic resonance of a sample consisting of an ironfilm bonded to a nickelfilm.
Crystallization behavior of evaporated Gd‐Fe alloy films55(1984); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.332955View Description Hide Description
The composition dependence of the as‐deposited structure, the i n s i t ucrystallization sequences, and thermal stability were investigated for evaporated Gd‐Fe alloyfilms. The composition dependence of the structural variations in the as‐deposited alloyfilms, the glass forming range, and the crystal size variation in the microcrystalline regions are consistent with the predictions of a model using hard spheres of two different sizes. The i n s i t ucrystallizationreaction of Gd‐Fe alloyfilms was characterized by the three reaction stages. (1) α‐Fe and α‐Gd were precipitated by the primary crystallization. The growth of primary crystals is characterized by a continuous process. (2) Some intermetallic compounds were formed by a polymorphous reaction. The growth of these phases is characterized by a discontinuous process. (3) The equilibrium phases are formed by decomposition reaction which was not detected in this study. The Gd atom array in the amorphousstructure is concluded to be similar to the Fe atoms array of tetrahedra connected at corners. The thermal stability of the amorphousstructure is the highest and growth rate of the primary crystals is the lowest at around 33 at. % Gd which is the composition of the close packed cubic Laves phase.
Pressure dependence of oxygen‐related defect levels in silicon55(1984); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.332956View Description Hide Description
The activation energies of thermal donors and of the A center in silicon, the oxygen vacancy complex, are measured as a function of hydrostatic pressure by Hall effect and by deep level transient spectroscopy. The A center is classified as a deep level because the strong pressure dependence of its activation energy indicates a short‐range potential. In contrast, thermal donors are true shallow levels associated with a long‐range coulomb potential because of the low pressure dependence of their activation energy. Based on these results, an atomic model for thermal donors is suggested, consistent with results of investigations concerning pressure dependence of energy levels, formation kinetics, IR absorption, electrical activity, and electron paramagnetic resonance.
Misfit dislocations in (111)A InP/In0.53Ga0.47As/InP double heterostructure wafers grown by liquid phase epitaxy55(1984); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.332957View Description Hide Description
The behavior of misfit dislocations in (111)A InP/In0.53Ga0.47As/InP double heterostructure (DH) wafers, grown by liquid phase epitaxy, has been investigated by x‐ray and photoluminescence(PL)topography and compared with those in (100) and (111) B quaternary DH wafers. Misfit dislocations are generated at wafer edges and are located in close proximity to the heterointerface in the upper InP layers. These dislocations were determined to be the same as in the case of (100) DH wafers. The misfit dislocation free area, as determined by PLtopography with Ar+ion laser excitation, decreases rapidly when the upper InP layer thickness approaches about 1 μm. Nearly misfit dislocation free DH wafers were obtained by a two step growth of the upper InP layer. In (111)A ternary DH wafers, with a lattice mismatch of 0% to −0.03% at room temperature, misfit dislocations are mostly β‐type 60° dislocations. These misfit dislocations are not observed by PLtopography when ternary layers are excited by a Nd‐doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser. Misfit dislocations of the α type, introduced in (111)B quaternary DH wafers with a lattice mismatch of the same sign and magnitude, are clearly observed as dark lines under Nd:YAG laser excitation.
Effects of Cl+ and F+ implantation of oxidation‐induced stacking faults in silicon55(1984); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.332958View Description Hide Description
Three implantation effects were investigated in floating‐zone‐grown silicon: (a) the effect of Cl+ implantation resulting in the shrinkage of oxidation‐induced stacking faults; (b) the effect of F+ implantation giving rise to defaulting of the 1/3[111] Frank dislocations into 1/2[110] perfect dislocations due to the interaction with 1/6[112̄] Shockley partials; (c) the effect of a combined F+ and Cl+ implantation of dislocation motion. Notwithstanding the limited magnification of double‐crystal x‐ray topography it proves to be a valuable technique for determination of the effects of implantation, as removal of F; the oxidation layer is unnecessary for observation of the oxidation‐induced stacking faults. Moreover, the role of the oxide layer in the Si‐SiO2 interface can be followed more appropriately.
Depth distributions of sulfur implanted into silicon as a function of ion energy, ion fluence, and anneal temperature55(1984); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.332936View Description Hide Description
Depth distributions for sulfur (S) implanted in (100) and (111) silicon (Si) measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry are reported for S ion energies from 40 to 600 keV and ion fluences from 4×101 2 to 4×101 6 cm− 2. The results of Pearson IV fits are tabulated for the energy and fluence series; the range parameters given are peak depth (R m ) and μ(R p ), σ(ΔR p ), γ1, β2, and β′ 2 for both the peak of the distribution and the full curve (including the influence of the channeling tail). The S densities are measured from a maximum of 102 1 down to <101 5 cm− 3 where the detection limit is probably caused by background oxygen (mass 32). Sulfur profiles are shown for annealing temperatures from 100 to 950 °C in (100) and (111) Si orientations. Sulfur is retained in the region of damage for densities above about 101 8 cm− 3, until an annealing temperature of 900 or 950 °C is reached, when the S is largely rejected from the Si crystal; the remaining S density is <101 5 cm− 3, in agreement with solidsolubility.
Hole traps and trivalent silicon centers in metal/oxide/silicon devices55(1984); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.332937View Description Hide Description
We report electron spin resonance(ESR)measurements of E′‐center (a ''trivalent silicon'' center in SiO2) density as well as capacitance versus voltage (C‐V) measurements on γ‐irradiated metal/oxide/silicon (MOS) structures. We also report a considerable refinement of earlier ESRmeasurements of the dependence of radiation‐induced P b ‐center (a ''trivalent silicon'' center at the Si/SiO2 interface) occupation as a function of the Fermi level at the Si/SiO2 interface. These measurements indicate that the P b centers are neutral when the Fermi level is at mid‐gap. Since the P b centers are largely responsible for the radiation‐induced interface states, one may take ΔV mg C ox/e (where ΔV mg is the ''mid‐gap'' C‐V shift, C ox is the oxide capacitance, and e is the electronic charge) as the density of holes trapped in the oxide. We find that radiation‐induced E′ density equals ΔV mg C ox/e in oxides grown in both stream and dry oxygen. Etch‐back experiments demonstrate that the E′ centers are concentrated very near the Si/SiO2 interface (as are the trapped holes). Furthermore, we have subjected irradiated oxide structures to a sequence of isochronal anneals and find that the E′ density and ΔV mgannealing characteristics are virtually identical. We conclude that the E′ centers are largely responsible for the deep hole traps in thermal SiO2 on silicon. This observation coupled with observations regarding the P b center indicates that two intrinsic centers, both involving silicon atoms lacking one bond to an oxygen atom, are largely responsible for the two electrically significant aspects of radiation damage in MOS devices: charge buildup in the oxide and interface‐state creation at the Si/SiO2 interface.
Chromium silicide formation by ion mixing55(1984); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.332938View Description Hide Description
The formation of CrSi2 by ion mixing was studied as a function of temperature, silicide thickness and irradiated interface. Samples were prepared by annealing evaporated couples of Cr on Si and Si on Cr at 450 °C for short times to form Si/CrSi2/Cr sandwiches. Xenon beams with energies up to 300 keV and fluences up to 8×101 5 cm− 2 were used for mixing at temperatures between 20 and 300 °C. Penetrating only the Cr/CrSi2 interface at temperatures above 150 °C induces further growth of the silicide as a uniform stoichiometric layer. The growth rate does not depend on the thickness of the initially formed silicide at least up to a thickness of 150 nm. The amount of growth depends linearly on the density of energy deposited at the interface. The growth is temperature dependent with an apparent activation energy of 0.2 eV. Irradiating only through the Si/CrSi2 interface does not induce silicide growth. We conclude that the formation of CrSi2 by ion beam mixing is an interface‐limited process and that the limiting reaction occurs at the Cr/CrSi2 interface.
Inclined pileup of screw dislocations at the crack tip without a dislocation‐free zone55(1984); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.332939View Description Hide Description
A linear array of screw dislocations in front of a mode 3 crack lying on a plane inclined to the crack is studied. The problem is formulated in terms of an integral equation describing the equilibrium condition between the dislocations and the crack under an externally applied shear stress. The distribution function for dislocations is derived from a solution of the integral equation by applying the Wiener–Hopf technique. The condition of finite stress at the end of the pileup, or the Bilby, Cottrell, and Swindeman (BCS) condition and the crack opening displacement (COD) are obtained in simple analytical forms as a function of the angle of inclination. Numerical results show that, for a given applied stress, the distribution function, the length of the plastic zone, and the COD decrease only slightly as the angle of inclination increases from 0 to π/2. The quantity of σ f COD , where σ f is the friction stress, is shown to be equal to the radial component of the complex J integral and, hence, is the total force on the dislocations along the direction of the pileup. A method to estimate results under mode 1 condition involving an inclined pileup of edge dislocations is considered.
Shallow junction cobalt silicide contacts with enhanced electromigration resistance55(1984); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.332940View Description Hide Description
Aluminum contacts to shallow junctions in high‐performance siliconintegrated circuits suffer from an inhomogeneous Al/Si interaction, which culminates in a destruction of contact and junction integrity. Certain silicides such as CoSi2, on the other hand, are thermodynamically stable over Si. However, these still require an additional barrier layer between the top Al and the silicide to inhibit thermally induced reactions with Al. This work addresses the question of electromigration at one such proposed contact metallization scheme consisting of Al/TiN/CoSi2. Results indicate that the TiN provides a suitable barrier to Al/Si interdiffusion under standard device operating conditions. At extremely high currents and temperature, however, the contacts degrade by a localized Al/TiN interaction, which destroy the TiN barrier integrity, followed by Al/CoSi2 reaction and Si electromigration from the substrate. In contrast, Al/CoSi2 contacts are highly susceptible to junction leakage, with junction lifetimes controlled by the kinetics of Si diffusion through CoSi2.
Dopant diffusion in silicon: A consistent view involving nonequilibrium defects55(1984); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.332941View Description Hide Description
A numerical solution of the problem of diffusion via a dual mechanism is obtained for P, As, and B diffusion in Si by solving the full system of impurity, vacancy, and self‐interstitial continuity equations. The suitable constants are derived by fitting on experimental results for diffusions in both inert and oxidizing ambients, and lead to interesting information on siliconpoint defects at high temperature. In particular, it is found that dopantdiffusion is essentially vacancy assisted, whereas self‐diffusion proceeds primarily via self‐interstitials.
Titanium diffusion into LiNbO3 as a function of stoichiometry55(1984); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.332942View Description Hide Description
The diffusivity of Ti into LiNbO3 has been measured as a function of crystal orientation and Li/Nb ratio in the temperature range 980–1112 °C. The Li/Nb ratios of single crystal samples were adjusted by vapor phase equilibration with fixed Li2O activities. No anisotropy of diffusivity with crystal orientation could be detected. The diffusion constants for Ti in LiNbO3 decrease with increasing Li2O content. At 1050 °C, the values decrease from 2.60×10− 1 2 cm2/s at the Li2O‐deficient phase boundary (48.1 mol % Li2O) to 1.06×10− 1 2 cm2/s at the congruently melting composition at (48.6 mol % Li2O) to 0.4×10− 1 2 cm2/s at the Li2O‐rich phase boundary (50.0 mol % Li2O). It is suggested that enhanced lateral diffusion observed for stripe geometry Ti sources results from increased diffusivity in a surface layer formed by Li2O outdiffusion.
Structure and growth kinetics of RhSi on single crystal, polycrystalline, and amorphous silicon substrates55(1984); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.332943View Description Hide Description
Growth kinetics of rhodium silicide in the temperature range of 375–450 °C have been studied on three different silicon substrates: single crystal,polycrystalline, and amorphous. The methods of analysis and specimen characterization utilized in this study are Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), Seemann–Bohlin x‐ray diffraction, cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy(TEM), sheet resistivity via four‐point probe, and Schottky barrier height measurements obtained from the current‐voltage relationship. Our results conclude that all three silicon substrates form an identical rhodium silicide compound, RhSi, indicating that the crystallinity of the substrate has no effect on the resulting rhodium silicide. The growth of RhSi was determined to be diffusion‐limited and the activation energy of growth was similar for single crystal (1.88±0.04 eV) and amorphous silicon (1.86±0.07 eV), yet it was slightly lower (1.71±0.08 eV) for polycrystallinesilicon. The difference can be attributed to the rhodium silicide compound having a smaller grain size in the polycrystallinesilicon case. The layer formation and the thickness of rhodium silicide between unreacted rhodium and the three different siliconstructures was examined by cross‐sectional TEM and compared to those measured by RBS.
A15 Nb‐Sn tunnel junction fabrication and properties55(1984); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.332944View Description Hide Description
We have investigated the deposition conditions necessary to produce optimized films of A15 Nb‐Sn (19–26 at. % Sn) by electron‐beam codeposition. Reliable high‐quality superconducting tunnel junctions can be made on this material by using an oxidized‐amorphous silicon overlayer as the tunneling barrier and lead as the counter‐electrode. These junctions have been used both as a tool for materials diagnosis and as a probe of the superconducting properties (critical temperature and gap) of the films. Careful control of the substrate temperature during the growth of the films has proved critical to obtain homogeneous samples. When the substrate temperature is properly stabilized, stoichiometric Nb3Sn is found to be relatively insensitive to the deposition temperature and conditions. In contrast, the properties of the off‐stoichiometry (Sn‐poor) material depend strongly on the deposition temperature. For this Sn‐poor material the ratio 2Δ/k T c at a given composition increases with increasing deposition temperature. This change appears to be due to an increase in the gap at the surface of the material (as measured by tunneling) relative to the critical temperature of the bulk. All the tunnel junctions exhibit some persistent nonidealities in their current‐voltage characteristics that are qualitatively insensitive to composition or deposition conditions. In particular, the junctions show excess conduction below the sum of the energy gaps (with onset at the counter‐electrode gap) and a broadened current rise at the sum gap. The detailed origins of these problems are not yet understood.
Influence of arsenic species and growth temperature on the properties of GaAs/(Al,Ga)As superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy55(1984); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.332945View Description Hide Description
The interrelation between dimeric and tetrameric arsenic sources and high‐ (700 °C) and low‐ (600 °C) growth temperatures on the properties of GaAs/(Al,Ga)As superlattices has been investigated. Superlattices consisting of alternating 100‐Å‐thick layers of GaAs and (Al,Ga)As were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and characterized by low temperature photoluminescence and excitation spectra. At low growth temperatures, the quality of the superlattice can be improved substantially by using As2 instead of As4. At 700 °C the arsenic species do not have as much an effect on the overall quality, but varying the group V/III ratio changes the relative intensities of the observed multiple excitonic peaks. These peaks are separated from one another by less than 1 meV, indicating extremely sharp and high quality interfaces and making it possible for the first time to relate them to excitonic processes.
Titanium silicide formation: Effect of oxygen distribution in the metal film55(1984); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.332946View Description Hide Description
The oxygen behavior and its influence on Ti silicide formation is systematically studied in the TiO2/Si and Ti/TiO2/Si systems using Rutherford backscattering,nuclear reaction analysis, and x‐rays diffraction techniques. After annealing in vacuum ( p<5×10− 7 Torr), no reaction was observed up to 900 °C in the TiO2/Si system, whereas in the Ti/TiO2/Si system, metallic titanium reacts with the TiO2film above 400 °C and at 600 °C a uniform oxygen solid solution is formed. The silicide formation starts at 650 °C and up to 750 °C the only phase formed is Ti5Si3. We found that this phase is kinetically favored as long as the Ti is being supplied by the unreacted film. The growth rate kinetics was found to have parabolic behavior and was therefore controlled by Si volume diffusion. Above 750 °C, TiSi2 forms very rapidly, its growth being nucleation controlled. During the growth of the silicide layer, a diffusion of oxgen toward the surface region was observed. When the oxygen concentration in the surface layer exceeded the solubility limit, Ti oxide precipitated and the silicide growth nearly stopped, even if some silicon reached the surface. At a temperature higher than 850 °C, a marked oxygen loss takes place, most probably via SiO sublimation. The sublimation process is favored by the presence of Si in the surface region and prevents the formation of a stable SiO2 diffusion barrier at the TiSi2/TiO x interface.
Epitaxial growth of Si films on CaF2/Si structures with thin Si layers predeposited at room temperature55(1984); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.332947View Description Hide Description
Heteroepitaxialgrowth of vacuum‐evaporated Si films on CaF2/Si structures has been investigated. In order to prevent surface reaction between deposited Si and the underlying CaF2films at high temperatures, a thin Si layer is i n s i t udeposited at room temperature onto the CaF2surface prior to deposition of Si at 800 °C. It has been shown from morphological and ion channeling studies that the thin predeposited Si layer, less than 10 nm in thickness, is useful to prevent the surface reaction without destroying the epitaxialgrowth, and that this technique is applicable to both (111) and (100) oriented substrates. The early stage of the growth is also studied. It has been found that the majority of the predeposited Si layer is not aligned to the substrate orientation even after a thick film has grown epitaxially. A possible model for the epitaxialgrowth is discussed.
Gas source molecular beam epitaxy of Ga x In1 −x P y As1 −y55(1984); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.332948View Description Hide Description
The use of P2 and As2beams generated by several different beamsources for the growth of InP,GaAs, and Ga x In1−x P y As1−y has been investigated. Accommodation coefficients for As2 and P2 were determined for heated GaAs and InP surfaces. It is demonstrated that a source utilizing decomposition of the hydrides over the range 200–2000 Torr and providing a leak of the resulting P2, As2, and H2 molecules into a molecular beam epitaxy(MBE) system can be used for the growth of Ga x In1−x P y As1−y layers lattice matched to InP.Heterostructure lasers emitting at 1.5 μm with room temperature threshold current densities of 2000 A/cm2 and differential quantum efficiencies of 17%–19% were fabricated to demonstrate the quality of the epitaxy by this method. Initial studies of the cracking of AsH3 and PH3 at low pressures in contact with heated Ta suggest that Ta acts as a catalyst for the decomposition and that low pressure beamsources may also be useful for gas sourceMBE.
Determination of the gap density of states in amorphous silicon by phase shift analysis of the modulated photocurrent55(1984); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.332949View Description Hide Description
The density of localized states in the mobility gap of evaporated amorphous siliconfilms has been measured over a range of 250 meV between the conduction band and the Fermi level. The method employed is based on the analysis of the phase shift between an intensity modulated exciting light and the associated photocurrent induced in the semiconductor. The density of states falls off almost exponentially with energy away from the conduction band. It suggests an overlap of the conduction and valence band tails, a result consistent with the Cohen, Fritzsche, and Ovshinsky model.


text:
Our babysitter scares our toddler into behaving. Should I ask her to stop?
When my daughter starts getting out of control or having a tantrum, our babysitter tells her that the police are coming, there's a ghost in the room, or something else to scare her out of it. The tactic usually works, but I don't think it's a good way to discipline a child. Should I ask her to stop?
Posted: 12/29/2003 by a BabyCenter Member
Mom Answers
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121 - 130 of 228 answers
I would find another babysitter. If she cannot get your daughter to behave in an appropriate way without the scare tactics, I would get a new babysitter. Besides, your babysitter should follow how you have asked her to treat your daughter. Trust your gut!posted 01/05/2004 by Cindympia
I don't belive in scaring a child into submition. It isn't wise to use the police as something to be afraid of either. What if your child actually needed the police and was to afraid to seek help? My advice is to tell the "sitter" to start doing the job that she is paid to do, including all of the less than fun things, or else seek out new employment.posted 01/05/2004 by DRAMAQUEENHP
Sam, If you have a gut feeling that something is wrong, please listen to that voice. Scare tactics will only teach your child to fear, and then to lie, when she realizes that she is being lied to. Remember that if it is O.K. for you to lie it is O.K. for her to lie. Speak to your babysitter, remember you set the rules in your house, no matter if it is your child, or your sitter. Good luck!posted 01/05/2004 by Krista1154
I think that you need a new sitter! I would be horrified!posted 01/05/2004 by a BabyCenter Member
You are paying the sitter for the service of caring for your precious child the way YOU want her raised. I would most definitely tell her to stop, and if it doesn't, I'd find a new sitter pronto.posted 01/05/2004 by a BabyCenter Member
You need to tell your babysitter exactly how you feel. While children need to be aware that there are consequences for the things they do, they should definitely not be scared into behaving. Your child shouldn't have to live in constant fear that if she makes a mistake that the police are going to come and take her away, or whatever. That can be very traumatizing for a child. You have the right to stand up and tell her that you don't like what she is doing, and if she doesn't stop I would find a new babysitter.posted 01/05/2004 by michee81
I don't agree that you should be able to tell your children or anyone else that the police are coming after you or that there is a ghost in the house because of misbehavior. But, I have been using the same technique on my children for years. If a toy breaks or something sad happens I just find a book to read or a more intersting toy or something else to divert the attention away from the sadness. There are plenty of loving childcare providers that will not have to put fear in your children in order to get them to behave properly. Maybe it would be good to investigate that idea??posted 01/05/2004 by strappiesandals
I would strongly encourage you to put an end to your sitter scaring your daughter in that way. For one thing she is teaching your daughter to be afraid of the police--what would happen if she were lost or there was a fire? She would most likely hide from someone in uniform who could help her. Also, she could develop unrational fears that you will have a hard time dealing with later on. I suggest sitting down with the babysitter and coming up with some strategies to deal with these episodes and all parties involved stick with the plan. My son has learned that when he throws a tantrum I leave the room (no audience equals no attention) which has worked. Now when he tries to throw a tantrum I walk away and after a few seconds he gets up and doesn't do it again.posted 01/05/2004 by magacazeru
I can't believe you need to ask this question....YES! Ask her to stop immediately. You're child will end up fearing the police, or have horrific nightmares about ghosts/monsters. You need a new babysitter. No one should use scare tactics on a child.posted 01/05/2004 by Susie in Santa Clara
Yes, you should stop her. This happened with me , too. My mother-in-law used to do that when my son does not go to sleep. She used to say that cat or dogy (little baby does not that cat or dogy is not scary) is coming so go to sleep now. When my mom came , she told me this and so I told my mother very loudly that nobody should scare my son or any little kid and my mother-in-law heard that. Now, she does not do that (I hope so).. Your child may get psychological effect, so better to stop now.posted 01/05/2004 by firsttimemomofboy
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