text:
Joyce Carol Oates should take a vacation
The author of Ecclesiastes was a very wise man, and never more so than when he intoned: "And further, by these, my son, be admonished: of making many books there is no end; and much study is a weariness of the flesh." (King James Version).
He must have had Joyce Carol Oates in mind.
Joyce Carol Oates seems to have written the preponderance of novels, short stores, crime fiction, horror tales, poetry, drama, essays and literary criticism since, I don't know, about the time Charlemagne came to power. Oh, and (shiver!) children's books.
Really, Joyce Carol Oates writes so much -- How much does she write, Chauncey? -- no, really, Joyce Carol Oates writes so much, she could stop global warming just by taking a vacation.
That's how many trees she'd save.
By my count, and I may have nodded off during the tally, Joyce Carol Oates has published since 1963 something like 88 or 89 novels, novellas, and short story collections. That is to say, fiction for adults.
Most Americans read a book a year, or less, so that's more than a lifetime of reading for most of us.
Include the other categories, and the number of volumes published by this one person is well over 120, which means only yogurt-eating peasants in the Caucasus Mountains have lifespans sufficient to read them all.
Now I'll concede Joyce Carol Oates is a bit of a genius. Indeed, for most of the 1990s I went around telling all and sundrythat she was America's greatest living writer, deserving of the Nobel Prize.
I admired some of her bizarrely twisted early novels -- Wonderland and Childwold, especially -- and many of her short stories will live forever.
But then with the 2000 publication of Blonde, an entirely superfluous fictional account of Marilyn Monroe's sad life, Joyce Carol Oates, for all her skill and dark, dark imagination, fell into that pitfall awaiting all excessively prolific authors.
Now to my utter amazement I have on my desk a book with the absurd title The Journal of Joyce Carol Oates: 1973-1983.
Aw come on, Joyce Carol Oates. Give a poor book reviewer a break! Clearly, all you do is write. When would you have had the time to keep a journal? Further, since all you do is write, what could you have possibly had to write in your journal about?
Hmmm...thumbing at random, because I sure as Hades ain't gonna read this sucker, ah, yes, chosen entirely by chance: "...Can one 'enjoy' moderate fame, and also retain a private life?"
Sure, Joyce, if ALL YOU DO IS WRITE.
Ah, and here on the facing page: "At the age of forty one should attempt a complete re-evalution of one's life. Perhaps."
Yeah, well that must have kept Joyce Carol Oates occupied at least 30 seconds, since YOU DON'T HAVE A LIFE.
I don't care how big your genius may be, Joyce Carol Oates, you can't depend on it for your entire artistic impulse. You have to have some life experience to feed into the machine. Otherwise, what you're doing with all that writing is not self-expression, it's hypergraphia.
Now a spry and relentless 69, Joyce Carol Oates will probably produce, at the present rate, well in excess of 200 volumes of all kinds of books before she passes from this vail of tears.
So please, Joyce Carol Oates, allow your humble former admirer the termerity of a suggestion or three:
Take a vacation.
Go to the mall.
Get drunk.
Buy something so gaudy and useless you feel guilty.
Have an affair.
Convert to Islam.
Adopt a Cambodian orphan.
Ride a Harley across North America.
Volunteer at a soup kitchen.
Eat more food.
Catch a game at Fenway Park.
Take a Caribbean cruise.
Watch four episodes of Law & Order without changing the channel.
Engage at least three strangers in pointless conversation. Today.
Buy a dress at Walmart and wear it at least once a week.
Wear the Walmart dress to Dollywood. Ride all the rides.
Raft down West Virginia's New River, stopping to base jump at the New River Gorge bridge.
Go skating at Rockefeller Center Christmas Eve. Wait your turn.
Canvas a neighborhood for Mit Romney, or HIlary Clinton, or Dennis Kucinich.
Or Barack Obama, Fred Thompson, Rudy Guiliani.
Book yourself on The Colbert Report and try to be funny.
Spend a weekend at a nudist resort.
Participate in a seance, prayer meeting, or Reiki session.
Try chewing tobacco or snuff.
Live in Buenos Aries for three months without telling anyone who you are.
Sit in a room quietly. Doing nothing.
Give unsolicited love advice to somone talking too loud on a cell phone.
Drive hard enough you get a speeding ticket.
Spend a week at Vicksburg, walking the battlefield.
Take up a hobby that doesn't involve words or composition of any kind.
Drink a baby Coke.
Spend a day on the set of a movie.
Attend a zoning board meeting in the town where you live.
Read nothing but US Weekly, Elle, Harper's Bazaar, and Women's Wear Daily for a month.
Tutor English to inner city kids in Baltimore.
Get your news from Glen Beck, Nancy Grace, Bill O'Reilly.
Live in downtown Denver one summer and walk to every Rockies' home game.
Go skydiving near Lake Okeechobee.
Attend an "open" AA meeting. Don't take notes.
Buy a hammock. A kayak. A unicycle. A harmonica. A handgun.
Learn to use each of them proficiently.
Paint 15 pictures in the style of Frida Kahlo.
Get your picture taken with George Clooney.
Go club hopping in Beverly Hills. Leave your underwear at home.
Don't write. Don't write. Don't write. Don't put pen to paper, or fingers to keyboard for at least nine months. See what grows inside you.
Maybe after following such a program, you'll again write something worth reading, but if it's not at least as good as Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been, then don't publish it.
Because right now, the notion of picking up another new Joyce Carol Oates book wearies my flesh mightily, indeed.


text:
Welcome Matteo! You live in one of the best places in the world for Fantasy town inspiration! Enjoy your stay!
Dear all,
my name is Matteo and I live in Italy, since I work in Roma but my family place is a small town close to Firenze (Impruneta, actually I also have a website dedicated to my place, La Commenda Holiday House). I am a researcher in physics, but I had a long training in humanities and I really love to create maps: they allow me to dream about better worlds, with small clean and well kept towns, beautiful cities and wanderful landscapes. And... that's all!
Welcome Matteo! You live in one of the best places in the world for Fantasy town inspiration! Enjoy your stay!
Welcome to the Guild
I am the breath of Dragons...The Song of Mountains...The Stories of Rivers....The Heart of Cities.... I am A Cartographer....
Finished Maps
Kingdom Of Shendenflar Campaign Setting (WIP)
Everything I post is free for use and redistribution under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 licence, except where noted otherwise in the thread.
Welcome to the Guild Matteo! Sounds like you have found the right place to pursue your love of world creation. There are plenty of tutorials here to help you get a grip on the technical side of digital map making, so dive right in.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Central Office: COLUMBIA, SC - TELCOVE OF SOUTH CAROLINA, INC. ... [?]
Track comments for 803-239-7330
When you answer the phone...Hello, Hello and no one answers...it's an automated call and your call has not been connected yet to the person calling. 9 times out of 10 it's just another solicitor or a recording. I just hang up and hope they don't call back but they always do sooner or later.
Won't stop calling. Says nothing.
I don't answer unknown numbers
Caller type: Other
Leave a comment
Required field *


text:
Dr. Wallach starts the show discussing the ever increasing cost of healthcare to both employees and employers. The increased cost of doing business in the U.S. is one of the main reasons why many companies are moving their operations over-seas. Doc asserts that employees need to educate themselves about their own health and recommends starting a Youngevity home-based business as a way to off-set increased spending on healthcare.
Pearls of Wisdom
Doug Winfrey and Dr. Wallach discuss a couple of news stories. The first is a story about an increase in longevity by Americans the average age is now up to 78 years of age. However, it is well below that of Andorra where the average life span is 83.5. In a related story Doug finds a story from 2004 that indicates the U.S. spent 1.7 trillion dollars (15.3% of gross domestic product) on healthcare and ranked 42nd in health and longevity. While Andorra spent only 96 million on healthcare just 5.9% of their gross domestic product. Obviously this points to the fact that more money spent does not translate into better health and longevity.
- Katherine had cervical cancer 10 years ago and now has been diagnosed with breast cancer.
- Brenda's daughter is 8 weeks pregnant and has been told their is a problem in the 18 chromosome of the fetus and the doctor's option is do nothing or abort.
- Rose has been diagnosed with high blood pressure.


text:
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Justin Adu Explains African Amedia
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Detroit's New Activist Generation


text:
About NAMB Contact NAMB
By Rudolph D Gonzalez
There are powerful voices at work today, intent on suppressing the unique
claims of Christ in North America. In the modern spirit of religious
toleration, many people-among them some Christians-decry the historic appeals
made by Christianity to turn to Jesus. For the record, biblical conversion is a
rejection of life lived in sin and rebellion from God, and a turn to restored
fellowship with Him through Jesus Christ. There is not the slightest hint of
salvation as merely the conversion from one religion to another religion.
Nevertheless, many misinterpret the call to conversion as an appeal to abandon
one's culture, insofar as a native religion is couched in culture, in exchange
for a westernized version of Christianity. Nothing could be further from the
truth. Yet, perception is everything theses days, and many have vested
interests in keeping the fabrication alive.
Thus, they suggest that in a religiously diverse community, such as North
America continues to become, there is no place for what they perceive as the
continuation of American imperialism. Such people promote their brand of
open mindedness and respect for all religions, which no honest
Christian would deny. However, these cannot be practiced at the expense of a
Christian's core beliefs and convictions. What often underlies these charges
against evangelism is the desire for a new macro-ecumenism that seeks
to create common acts of worship among all religions-usually, at the expense of
doctrinal tenets vital to the very nature of the gospel of Christ.
Excising the evangelical mandate, however, is out of the question, if one
wishes to keep any semblance of biblical Christianity. And in spite of those
who see Christian evangelism as a radicalization of the faith, the
call to conversion is integral to its nature. Biblical Christianity is nothing
if it is not good news for all of humanity. The call to conversion and faith in
Christ comes from the very lips of Jesus (see Matt. 11:28-30; John 10:9;
14:6).We should ask ourselves, in light of the growing chorus of voices that
call for Christians to reject the active evangelization of all peoples-should
historic, biblical Christianity be banished from North America today?
Evangelism: A Candidate for the Endangered Species
List?Recently I have done some reading on the subject of
endangered species in North America, and I was impressed by the ardent efforts
of people to save fragile species, many of which cling to existence by a
thread. The zeal of these activists is remarkable. There is little compromise,
especially when the veritable survival of a species may be at stake.
The evangelical church in North America can learn something from those who
seek the revitalization of endangered species. It struck me that those who
desire to suppress evangelism would, in actuality, accomplish the extinction of
the Christian faith in North America, were they to be successful. The
extinction of animal and plant life on our planet is a serious issue, and one
that we should all do something about.1 The possible extinction
of a religious point of view from our culture-which, by the way, has been its
fertile habitat since the mid 17th century-ought to be no less
A basic presupposition for most of those who seek to preserve endangered
species is the firm belief that all animal and plant life is valuable and the
world is diminished whenever any species, no matter how scarce or insignificant
it is, becomes lost by its extinction. The presupposition is not without value
to the issue of the survival of evangelical conversion.
Question: Should the call for conversion be made extinct? The
number of forces working tirelessly to save the rose purple
sandverbena, do not begin to match those that are working to see the
exclusive appeal to faith in Christ go the way of the dodo bird.
I ask more specifically: Is not an idea-in this case the gospel-as valuable a
thing as the white-footed tree-rat? And is not such an idea worth
Never mind that for me the gospel is more than a mere idea on par with human
thought. I openly confess my belief that the gospel is the divine message of
God for fallen humanity. The gospel is the story of God's unconditional love to
save any and all who confess Jesus Christ as their Savior. However, I am not
arguing that the gospel is worth salvaging because it is the Word of God. To
the secular person, religious truths are the product of an elevated human
consciousness. I am arguing here that even if we should concede that the gospel
is mere human thought and reflection, it ought to be speech that is allowed
without infringement. By their standards, those who see it as human speech
should be honest enough to concede that it is a point of view, which should be
allowed to thrive or perish in the free market place of ideas.
If anything makes us unique as a human species, it's our ability to reason
and think. And what is the product of thought if not ideas? Erase ideas from
the world and you erase humanity's unique fingerprint. No endangered fern,
reptile, or crustacean leaves such a legacy, and yet we value their continued
Why should an idea-and one as powerful as the gospel-be accorded any less of a
guarantee for its survival?
When preservationists argue for the protection of endangered species they
usually appeal to some variation of three basic reasons. First, from a research
perspective, all species have potential medical and medicinal properties that
may benefit humanity. Plants often fall into this category. Second,
environmentalists argue that endangered species are necessary to maintain
biological systems in balance. The presence of insect populations, for example,
can have tremendous ramifications for the world's ecology. The third reason is
one of aesthetics. Proponents insist that all species ought to be protected if
for no other reason than for the sake of human enjoyment. Thus, virtually all
mammals, reptiles, birds, and fish fall into this category.2
I would like to marshal the same three reasons to defend the gospel from those
who would see its extinction from our daily conversation. First, we must ask if
the gospel fits the criteria of it having potential medical value. Certainly,
it does not in the same way as an endangered plant might have a quality that
could lead to the cure for a disease. But, then again, it is ideas that
ultimately advance the therapeutic potentialities of a species. Without an idea
the potential remains dormant. In this sense, ideas are exponentially more
powerful and valuable. And it is beyond doubt that the gospel has a 2,000-year
track record of therapeutic value to the human race.
Take prison recidivism, for example. Anthony Brooks, a correspondent for
WBUR-the Boston-based National Public Radio (NPR) affiliate-investigated
whether Christianity makes a measurable difference in the lives of prisoners.
In his article entitled, "Leap of Faith," Brooks examines the Inner Change
Freedom Initiative, a faith-based prison program founded by Chuck Colson.
Recidivism is a national problem: about 40 percent of prison inmates end up
back in jail within three years of being released. Compare that to Inner
National operations director Jack Cowley says, of the first hundred or so
inmates who went through the first Inner Change program in Texas, only six have
landed back in jail. That's an arrest rate of just 6 percent. Cowley says it's
the religion that makes the difference.3
Many people have been liberated from self destructive vises by the power of
the gospel. Countless hospitals exist today because of the gospel. Multitudes
of people have surrendered to the mission field to help in the most deplorable
spots on the earth because of the call they receive whenever the gospel is
unapologetically proclaimed. Christian relief agencies abound. While there are
always exceptions, most people who undergo biblical conversion are made the
better for it.
This first reason is basically an appeal to the unique properties that are
lost when a given species succumbs to extinction. We appropriately value
endangered species for their uniqueness. We understand that if we lose a
specific plant or animal species, all the others combined do not recover the
loss of the one. This is why industries are often denied access to an area for
the sake of an endangered plant or fish.
We reason that if the spottedowl is lost to us, all the
horned owls in the world do not a spotted owl make. Do we not see why
it is equally important to champion the right, and the necessity to let the
voice of the gospel be heard for what it is? It is a unique message, unlike
that of other religions. And if it goes, all the other religious messages
combined do not equal its singular message.
What about the second reason? Does anyone truly believe that if the gospel
were silenced it would not be a profound loss for the North American culture?
Recently, we heard of the burning of the Iraqi National Library in the
aftermath of the war. Nearly two-thirds of the books in the library were burned
to ashes. The tragedy was reported as a loss to the world, and rightly so. Why?
Is it not because we know that the history and knowledge of ancient
civilizations contained in those books and manuscripts were truly priceless?
And what was in those volumes if not the thoughts and reflections of past
It is legitimate to ask how some ideas can be deemed more costly than gold,
while the gospel-which arguably has had a beneficial impact on our world-is
treated with such disdain?
For example, communism, as a political theory, is largely a failed experiment.
Recent history has shown this in dramatic fashion. And yet, I doubt libraries
across the globe have discarded all the writings of Marx, Engels, and others.
Why not? Again, it is necessary to preserve even flawed ideas in order to
provide context for understanding our history. Together they provide background
to where we are as a thinking people. In fact, their absence would leave a void
rendering some aspects of contemporary culture indecipherable. The presence of
millions of evangelicals in North America and beyond is unintelligible apart
from the born again conversion experience. If the gospel goes into
extinction because of political correctness, what does that say about the
millions who have found meaning and significance in the experience?
We must admit that the gospel is intrinsically offensive to people. It tells
us we are all sinners and in need of God's grace through Christ. However, since
when has offensiveness been the criteria for extinction? The U.S. Fish and
Wildlife agency does not use pleasantness or offensiveness as criterion when
deciding which species to protect. Is the endangered razorback sucker
fish not offensive to people throughout Arizona, California, Colorado, New
Mexico, Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming, who have had to modify their water
management for a fish that weighs no more than several ounces? What is often
characterized as offensive, however, turns out, rather, to be unique. And
because it is distinctive we go to great pains to salvage it from extinction,
regardless of the offence to other interests.4
Finally, some species are rescued from extinction primarily because of the
enjoyment they offer humanity. The California condor is a prime
example. Nearly extinct in the 1970s, today it flies over the Grand Canyon for
all visitors to enjoy. Does the gospel have human enjoyment value? It does if,
by enjoyment, we mean entertainment in the classical sense. Watching the
California condor soar is certainly enjoyable, but it is more than that. It is
entertaining. Let me explain. Seeing this great vulture spread its 10-foot
wingspan won't make you laugh. Its majestic presence as it soars in the sky
will capture your undivided attention. Similarly, the Bible message is sheer
entertainment in the most profound sense.5
With its open invitation to one and all, its message of unconditional love
will hold the reader. Its message of grace grips the mind and will not let go.
Arguably, no other book has entertained the mind of man more than has
the Bible. Is the gospel entertaining to humanity? You bet!
Not long ago I was confronted by an Orthodox Jew who berated the efforts of a
group of evangelical Christians to evangelize a community where there was a
sizable Jewish presence. The man stood no more than a foot away and virtually
screamed directly into my face. He went on for about five minutes, accusing
Christians for the Holocaust, and of attempting to adulterate Jewish culture.
There were three other evangelicals who fully believed that I would be allowed
to respond to his charges, but the man was not interested in an honest and
civil discussion. No sooner did he finish his tirade, but he stormed out,
giving me no time to respond.
I have reflected much on that event and have concluded the man believed his
message was all important, while mine was of little significance. He accused
evangelicals of cultural genocide-and worse-and ultimately did not consider the
Christian message to be worth a hearing. In the end, his actions reflected what
many would like to see happen to Christianity. Enough with the evangelistic
appeals for conversion-no one wants to hear it. But, is this right? On all
counts, even the most ardent detractors of evangelism ought to concede that
because there are so many in the culture who would see the demise of biblical
calls to conversion, evangelism should be placed on the endangered list of
ideas. For, if they had their way, it would disappear from public discourse,
and the world would be diminished by its absence. This must never
The American society prides itself in being a culture where the marketplace
dictates if an idea will have continuing relevancy. So, what of the gospel? In
spite of those who would silence the message, the call to repentance and faith
in Jesus Christ is as relevant today as it has ever been. Countless people who
turn to Christ daily testify by their lives of the power of the gospel to give
life and to give it abundantly.
1 According to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service at the time of this
report, there are 746 species of plants and 516 species of animals on the
endangered species list in North America alone (see http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/TessStatReport
and http://species.fws.gov). Earth
Witness, an environmental organization has compiled a list of species of
animals that have become extinct in North America over the past two centuries
(see http://www.earthwitness.com).
2 The foregoing reasons are clearly articulated in the Endangered Species Act
signed by President Nixon in 1973.The law has the expressed aim of protecting
species of esthetic, ecological, educational, historical, recreational, and
scientific value.
3 See
the full article.
4 The charge that Christianity is offensive to people from other cultures is
baseless when we realize it isn't only in North America that people are
confronted with the claims of Christ.This happens regularly through native and
indigenous expressions of Christianity all around the world. North American
evangelicals are not advancing some unique American custom. They are engaged in
the gobal mandate of the church. Only in North America and the West do people
make such a charge. The fact is, not only do Christians evangelize around the
world, but also Islam, in particular, is actively involved in proselytizing
efforts of its own. Chris Wright, The Uniqueness of Jesus, (Grand
Rapids: Monarch Books, 1997), 28.
5 From the Latin entretenir, meaning to hold between, to maintain in the
mind.Webster's New International Dictionary, Second ed., s.v.,
A Southern Baptist Convention entity supported by the Cooperative Program and AnnieArmstrong Easter Offering® ©Copyright 2015 North American Mission Board, SBC


text:
JPMorgan Settles IPO Class Action
(JPM - Get Report) learned a lesson from the WorldCom litigation. The bank has become the first Wall Street firm to reach a settlement in the long-running class-action lawsuit into the manipulation of stock sold in initial public offerings.The nation's third-largest bank confirmed late Thursday that it has reached a tentative deal with the plaintiffs' law firms to pay $425 million to resolve the litigation. The suit alleges that 55 Wall Street investment firms defrauded investors by artificially inflating the value of hundreds of dot-com IPOs in the late 1990s. JPMorgan is the first bank to reach a settlement in the case. A bank spokesman said the payout would have no "material'' impact on the company. It's believed the bank has set aside sufficient money in a legal reserve to cover the cost of the settlement, so it won't have to take any charge against earnings. A year ago, JPMorgan was the last large bank to reach a settlement with shareholders of WorldCom, agreeing to pay $2 billion. But by waiting until the bitter end to strike a deal, the bank made a strategic blunder that ended up costing it more money. If JPMorgan had settled the WorldCom case in 2004, around the same time as Citigroup (C - Get Report), it likely would not have had to pay much more than $1.4 billion. JPMorgan miscalculated that it would get off easier by waiting to settle. However, that proved to be the wrong course of action. That's because the judge in the WorldCom case ruled that JPMorgan, as one of the lone defendants, could potentially be on the hook for up to $10 billion in damages. A few days after that court ruling, the bank agreed to settle. Now that the plaintiffs' lawyers have reached a tentative deal with JPMorgan, they will probably put pressure on other banks to reach similar settlements. The deal with JPMorgan comes two years after the plaintiffs' reached a tentative $1 billion settlement with 309 mostly dot-com companies, whose initial public offerings were allegedly manipulated the by the Wall Street firms. One of the companies included in that preliminary deal was TheStreet.com (TSCM), publisher of this Web site.It appears JPMorgan Chase
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text:
Newspaper article The Evening Standard (London, England)
Making Art Affordable; Charles Booth-Clibborn Introduced Damien Hirst to the Medium of Artists' Prints
Article excerpt
CHARLES Booth-Clibborn founded The Paragon Press in 1986 to revive thefashion for artists' prints. Over the past 20 years, he has worked with manyestablished artists.
Booth-Clibborn introduced Damien Hirst to the medium. Each short run (oftenfewer than 50) sells out swiftly, and Paragon pieces rarely come up for resaleuntil now, writes Katrina Burroughs.
Booth-Clibborn plans to move from South Kensington to larger premises inCamberwell, funded by a sale from his archive. There will be 120 prints byAnish Kapoor, Marc Quinn, Damien Hirst, Gary Hume, Grayson Perry, RachelWhiteread, Peter Doig and the Chapman brothers, with estimates of [pounds sterling]500 to[pounds sterling]40,000. Some are artist's and publisher's proofs. Several have hand-colouring;many are signed. All combine a big name with relatively low prices.Booth-Clibborn points out: "Many people do not realise they can afford work bya renowned artist." He's right. Peter Doig's White Canoe fetched [pounds sterling]5.7millionlast year, the highest price paid for any living artist's work at auction, butin the Paragon sale, a signed artist's proof of Doig's Rodedale House, 1996, isestimated at [pounds sterling]1,500 to [pounds sterling]2,500 and 28 Damien Hirsts are each valued from [pounds sterling]2,500,including Chicken from The Last Suppera screenprint in the style of a medicine bottle label. …


text:
BDR User Guide
From PostgreSQL wiki
(→Parameter Reference)
(→LLSR limitations)
|Line 116:
|Line 116:
=== LLSR limitations ===
=== LLSR limitations ===
Table definitions must be near identical between upstream and downstream masters. See [[#Table definitions and DDL replication|Table definitions and DDL replication]].
Table definitionsmust be near identical between upstream and downstream masters. See [[#Table definitions and DDL replication|Table definitions and DDL replication]]
== Initial setup ==
== Initial setup ==
Revision as of 05:47, 3 May 2013
This page is the users and administrators guide for BDR. If you're looking for technical details on the project plan and implementation, see BDR Project.
BDR User Guide
BDR stands for BiDrectional Replication. It is a multi-master replication system built on top of Log Level Streaming Replication (LLSR).
BDR is *not* multi-master clustering as some vendors use the term, in that it doesn't have a distributed lock manager, global transaction co-ordinator, etc. Each member server is separate but connected. This allows for greater flexibility with server connectivity and workload at the cost of weaker global consistency guarantees.
Guidance on getting a testing setup established are in #Initial setup. Please read the full documentation if you intend to put BDR into production.
Logical Log Streaming Replication
Logical log streaming replication (LLSR) allows one PostgreSQL master (the "upstream master") to stream a sequence of changes to another read/write PostgreSQL server (the "downstream master"). Data is sent in one direction only over a normal libpq connection.
Multiple LLSR connections can be used to set up bi-directional replication as discussed later in this guide.
Overview of logical replication
In some ways LLSR is similar to "streaming replication" i.e. physical log streaming replication (PLSR) from a user perspective; both replicate changes from one server to another. However, in LLSR the receiving server is also a full master database that can make changes, unlike the read-only replicas offered by PLSR hot standby. Additionally, LLSR is per-database, whereas PLSR is per-cluster and replicates all databases at once. There are many more differences discussed in the relevant sections of this document.
In LLSR the data that is replicated is change data in a special format that allows the changes to be logically reconstructed on the downstream master. The changes are generated by reading transaction log (WAL) data, making change capture on the upstream master much more efficient than trigger based replication, hence why we call this "logical log replication". Changes are passed from upstream to downstream using the libpq protocol, just as with physical log streaming replication.
One connection is required for each PostgreSQL database that is replicated. If two servers are connected, each of which has 50 databases then it would require 50 connections to send changes in one direction, from upstream to downstream. Each database connection must be specified, so it is possible to filter out unwanted databases simply by avoiding configuring replication for those databases.
Setting up replication for new databases is not (yet?) automatic, so additional configuration steps are required after CREATE DATABASE. A restart of the downstream master is also required. The upstream master only needs restarting if the max_logical_slots parameter is too low to allow a new replica to be added. Adding replication for databases that do not exist yet will cause an ERROR, as will dropping a database that is being replicated. Setup is discussed in more detail below.
Changes are processed by the downstream master using bdr plug-ins. This allows flexible handing of replication input, including:
- BDR apply process - applies logical changes to the downstream master. The apply process makes changes directly rather than generating SQL text and then parse/plan/executing SQL.
- Textual output plugin - a demo plugin that generates SQL text (but doesn't apply changes)
- pg_xlogdump - examines physical WAL records and produces textual debugging output. This server program is included in PostgreSQL 9.3.
Replication of DML changes
All changes are replicated: INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE and TRUNCATE.
(TRUNCATE is not yet implemented, but will be implemented before the feature goes to final release).
Actions that generate WAL data but don't represent logical changes do not result in data transfer, e.g. full page writes, VACUUMs, hint bit setting. LLSR avoids much of the overhead from physical WAL, though it has overheads that mean that it doesn't always use less bandwidth than PLSR.
Locks taken by LOCK and SELECT ... FOR UPDATE/SHARE on the upstream master are not replicated to downstream masters. Locks taken automatically by INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE or TRUNCATE *are* taken on the downstream master and may delay replication apply or concurrent transactions - see the locking section below.
TEMPORARY and UNLOGGED tables are not replicated. In contrast to physical standby servers, downstream masters can use temporary and unlogged tables.
DELETE and UPDATE statements that affect multiple rows on upstream master will cause a series of row changes on downstream master. These are likely to go at same speed as on origin, as long as an index is defined on the Primary Key of the table on the downstream master. INSERT on upstream master do not require a unique constraint in order to replicate correctly. UPDATEs and DELETEs require some form of unique constraint, either PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE NOT NULL. A warning is issued in the downstream master's logs if the expected constraint is absent.
UPDATEs that change the value of the Primary Key of a table will be replicated correctly.
The values applied are the final values from the UPDATE on the upstream master, including any modifications from before-row triggers, rules or functions. Any reflexive conditions, such as N = N+ 1 are resolved to their final value. Volatile or stable functions are evaluated on the master side and the resulting values are replicated. Consequently any function side-effects (writing files, network socket activity, updating internal PostgreSQL variables, etc) will not occur on the replicas as the functions are not run again on the replica.
All columns are replicated on each table. Large column values that would be placed in TOAST tables are replicated without problem, avoiding de-compression and re-compression. If we update a row but do not change a TOASTed column value, then that data is not sent downstream.
All data types are handled, not just the built-in datatypes of PostgreSQL core. The only requirement is that user-defined types are installed identically in both upstream and downstream master (see "Limitations").
The current LLSR plugin implementation uses the binary libpq protocol, so it requires that the upstream and downstream master use same CPU architecture and word-length, i.e. "identical servers", as with physical replication. A textual output option will be added later for passing data between non-identical servers, e.g. laptops or mobile devices communicating with a central server.
Changes are accumulated in memory (spilling to disk where required) and then sent to the downstream server at commit time. Aborted transactions are never sent. Application of changes on downstream master is currently single-threaded, though this process is efficiently implemented. Parallel apply is a possible future feature, especially for changes made while holding AccessExclusiveLock.
Changes are applied to the downstream master in the sequence in which they were commited on the upstream master. This is a known-good serialization ordering of changes, so no replication failures are possible, as can happen with statement based replication (e.g. MySQL) or trigger based replication (e.g. Slony version 2.0). Users should note that this means the original order of locking of tables is not maintained. Although lock order is provably not an issue for the set of locks held on upstream master, additional locking on downstream side could cause lock waits or deadlocking in some cases. (Discussed in further detail later).
Larger transactions spill to disk on the upstream master once they reach a certain size. Currently, large transactions can cause increased latency. Future enhancement will be to stream changes to downstream master once they fill the upstream memory buffer, though this is likely to be implemented in 9.5.
SET statements and parameter settings are not replicated. This has no effect on replication since we only replicate actual changes, not anything at SQL statement level. We always update the correct tables, whatever the setting of search_path. Values are replicated correctly irrespective of the values of bytea_output, TimeZone, DateStyle, etc.
NOTIFY is not supported across log based replication, either physical or logical. NOTIFY and LISTEN will work fine on the upstream master but an upstream NOTIFY will not trigger a downstream LISTENer.
In some cases, additional deadlocks can occur on apply. This causes an automatic retry of the apply of the replaying transaction and is only an issue if the deadlock recurs repeatedly, delaying replication.
From a performance and concurrency perspective the BDR apply process is similar to a normal backend. Frequent conflicts with locks from other transactions when replaying changes can slow things down and thus increase replication delay, so reducing the frequency of such conflicts can be a good way to speed things up. Any lock held by another transaction on the downstream master - LOCK statements, SELECT ... FOR UPDATE/FOR SHARE, or INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE row locks - can delay replication if the replication apply process needs to change the locked table/row.
Table definitions and DML replication
DML changes are replicated between tables with matching "Schemaname"."Tablename" on both upstream and downstream masters. e.g. changes from upstream's public.mytable will go to downstream's public.mytable while changes to the upstream mychema.mytable will go to the downstream myschema.mytable. This works even when no schema is specified on the original SQL since we identify the changed table from its internal OIDs in WAL records and then map that to whatever internal identifier is used on the downstream node.
This requires careful synchronization of table definitions on each node otherwise ERRORs will be generated by the replication apply process. In general, tables must be an exact match between upstream and downstream masters.
There are no plans to implement working replication between dissimilar table definitions.
Tables must meet the following requirements to be compatible for purposes of LLSR:
- The downstream master must only have constraints (CHECK, UNIQUE, EXCLUSION, FOREIGN KEY, etc) that are also present on the upstream master. Replication may initially work with mismatched constraints but is likely to fail as soon as the downstream master rejects a row the upstream master accepted.
- The table referenced by a FOREIGN KEY on a downstream master must have all the keys present in the upstream master version of the same table.
- Storage parameters must match except for as allowed below
- Inheritance must be the same
- Dropped columns on master must be present on replicas
- Custom types and enum definitions must match exactly
- Composite types and enums must have the same oids on master and replication target
- Extensions defining types used in replicated tables must be of the same version or fully SQL-level compatible and the oids of the types they define must match.
The following differences are permissible between tables on different nodes:
- The table's pg_class oid, the oid of its associated TOAST table, and the oid of the table's rowtype in pg_type may differ;
- Extra or missing non-UNIQUE indexes
- Extra keys in downstream lookup tables for FOREIGN KEY references that are not present on the upstream master
- The table-level storage parameters for fillfactor and autovacuum
- Triggers and rules may differ (they are not executed by replication apply)
Replication of DDL changes between nodes will be possible using event triggers, but is not yet integrated with LLSR.
Triggers and Rules are NOT executed by apply on downstream side, equivalent to an enforced setting of session_replication_role = origin.
In future it is expected that composite types and enums with non-identical oids will be converted using text output and input functions. This feature is not yet implemented.
Parameter Reference
- bdr.connections - list of nodes that this server will connect to. For each name listed here there must be one bdr.<nodename>.dsn entry
- bdr.<nodename>.dsn - "data source name" - connection info for connecting to upstream master. Security for LLSR is identical to physical log streaming replication
- max_logical_slots - LLSR uses persistent slots in memory which are reserved for each node at server start
- wal_level - allows a new setting of 'logical' which produces mildly enhanced WAL contents to allow decoding of the WAL back into a logical change stream.
LLSR limitations
Table definitions, types, extensions, etc must be near identical between upstream and downstream masters. See Table definitions and DDL replication.
DDL replication is not yet supported.
Initial setup
To set up BDR you first need a patched PostgreSQL that can support LR/BDR, then you need to create one or more LR/BDR senders and one or more LR/BDR receivers.
Installing the patched PostgreSQL binaries
Currently BDR is only available in builds of the 'bdr' branch on Andres Freund's git repo on git.postgresql.org. PostgreSQL 9.2 and below do not support BDR, and 9.3 requires patches, so this guide will not work for you if you are trying to use a normal install of PostgreSQL.
First you need to clone, configure, compile and install like normal. Clone the sources from git://git.postgresql.org/git/users/andresfreund/postgres.git and checkout the bdr branch.
If you have an existing local PostgreSQL git tree specify it as --reference /path/to/existing/tree to greatly speed your git clone.
mkdir -p $HOME/bdr cd bdr git clone git://git.postgresql.org/git/users/andresfreund/postgres.git $HOME/bdr/postgres-bdr-src cd postgres-bdr-src ./configure --prefix=$HOME/bdr/postgres-bdr-bin make install cd contrib/bdr make install
This will put everything in $HOME/bdr, with the source code and build tree in $HOME/bdr/postgres-bdr-src and the installed PostgreSQL in $HOME/bdr/postgres-bdr-bin. This is a convenient setup for testing and development because it doesn't require you to set up new users, wrangle permissions, run anything as root, etc, but it isn't recommended that you deploy this way in production.
To actually use these new binaries you will need to:
export PATH=$HOME/bdr/postgres-bdr-bin/bin:$PATH
before running initdb, postgres, etc. You don't have to use the psql or libpq you compiled but you're likely to get version mismatch warnings if you don't.
The configuration for a simple single-master to single-replica configuration looks like:
Upstream (sender):
wal_level = 'logical' # Include enough info for logical replication max_logical_slots = X # Number of LLSR senders + any receivers max_wal_senders = Y # Y = max_logical_slots plus any physical # streaming requirements wal_keep_segments = 5000 # Master must retain enough WAL segments to let # replicas catch up. Correct value depends on # rate of writes on master, max replica downtime # allowable. 5000 segments requires 78GB # in pg_xlog
Downstream (receiver):
shared_preload_libraries = 'bdr' bdr.connections="name_of_upstream_master" # list of upstream master nodenames bdr.<nodename>.dsn = 'dbname=postgres' # connection string for connection # from downstream to upstream master bdr.<nodename>.local_dbname = 'xxx' # optional parameter to cover the case # where the databasename on upstream # and downstream master differ. # (Not yet implemented) bdr.<nodename>.apply_delay # optional parameter to delay apply of # transactions, time in milliseconds bdr.synchronous_commit = ...; # optional parameter to set the # synchronous_commit parameter the # apply processes will be using max_logical_slots = X # set to the number of remotes
wal_keep_segments should be set to a value that allows for some downtime of server/network and for heavy bursts of write activity on the master. Keep in mind that enough disk space must be available for the WAL segments, each of which is 16MB.
Note that a server can be both sender and receiver, either two servers to each other or more complex configurations like replication chains/trees.
For more details on these parameters, see Parameter Reference.
Could not access file "bdr": No such file or directory
If you see the error:
FATAL: could not access file "bdr": No such file or directory
when starting a database set up to receive BDR replication, you probably forgot to install contrib/bdr. See above.
Invalid value for parameter
An error like:
LOG: invalid value for parameter ...
when setting one of these parameters means your server doesn't support logical replication and will need to be patched or updated.
Insufficient WAL segments retained ("requested WAL segment ... has already been removed")
If wal_keep_segments is insufficient to meet the requirements of a replica that has fallen far behind, the master will report errors like:
ERROR: requested WAL segment 00000001000000010000002D has already been removed
Currently the replica errors look like:
WARNING: Starting logical replication LOG: data stream ended LOG: worker process: master (PID 23812) exited with exit code 0 LOG: starting background worker process "master" LOG: master initialized on master, remote dbname=master port=5434 replication=true fallback_application_name=bdr LOG: local sysid 5873181566046043070, remote: 5873181102189050714 LOG: found valid replication identifier 1 LOG: starting up replication at 1 from 1/2D9CA220
but a more explicit error message for this condition is planned.
The only way to recover from this fault is to re-seed the replica database.
This fault could be prevented with feedback from the replica to the master, but this feature is not planned for the first release of BDR. Another alternative considered for future releases is making wal_keep_segments a dynamic parameter that is sized on demand.
Monitoring of maximum replica lag and appropriate adjustment of wal_keep_segments will prevent this fault from arising.
Operational Issues and Debugging
In LLSR there are no user-level (ie SQL visible) ERRORs that have special meaning. Any ERRORs generated are likely to be serious problems of some kind, apart from apply deadlocks, which are automatically re-tried.
The following views are available for monitoring replication activity:
- pg_stat_replication
- pg_stat_logical_replication
The pg_stat_replication view applies to both physical and logical replication. It is covered by the PostgreSQL user manual.
The new pg_stat_logical_replication view is specific to logical replication. It is based on the underlying pg_stat_get_logical_replication_slots function and has the following structure:
View "pg_catalog.pg_stat_logical_replication" Column | Type | Modifiers --------------------------+---------+----------- slot_name | text | plugin | text | database | oid | active | boolean | xmin | xid | last_required_checkpoint | text |
It contains one row for every connection from a downstream master to the server being queried (the upstream master).
- slot_name: An internal name for a given logical replication slot (a connection from a downstream master to this upstream master). This slot name is used by the downstream master to uniquely identify its self and is used with the pg_receivellog command when managing logical replication slots.
- plugin: The logical replication plugin being used to decode WAL archives. You'll generally only see bdr_output here.
- database: The oid of the database being replicated by this slot. You can get the database name by joining on pg_database.oid.
- active: Whether this slot currently has an active connection.
- xmin: The lowest transaction ID this replication slot can "see".
- last_required_checkpoint: The checkpoint identifying the oldest WAL record required to bring this slot up to date with the upstream master.
Table and index usage statistics
Statistics on table and index usage are updated normally by the downstream master. This is essential for correct function of auto-vacuum. If there are no local writes on the downstream master and stats have not been reset these two views should show matching results between upstream and downstream:
- pg_stat_user_tables
- pg_statio_user_tables
Since indexes are used to apply changes, the identifying indexes on downstream side may appear more heavily used with workloads that perform UPDATEs and DELETEs than non-identifying indexes are.
The built-in index monitoring views are:
- pg_stat_user_indexes
- pg_statio_user_indexes
All these views are discussed in the PostgreSQL documentation on the statistics views.
Starting, stopping and managing replication
Cleaning up abandoned replication slots
To remove a replication slot that was used for a now-defunct replica, find its slot name from the pg_stat_logical_replication view on the upstream master then run:
pg_receivellog -p 5434 -h master-hostname -d dbname \ --slot='bdr: 16384:5873181566046043070-1-16384:' --stop
where the argument to '--slot' is the slot name you found from the view.
Bi-Directional Replication Use Cases
Bi-Directional Replication is designed to allow a very wide range of server connection topologies. The simplest to understand would be two servers each sending their changes to the other, which would be produced by making each server the downstream master of the other and so using two connections for each database.
Logical and physical streaming replication are designed to work side-by-side. This means that a master can be replicating using physical streaming replication to a local standby server, while at the same time replicating logical changes to a remote downstream master. Logical replication works alongside cascading replication also, so a physical standby can feed changes to a downstream master, allowing upstream master sending to physical standby sending to downstream master.
Simple multi-master pair
- "HA Cluster"
- Server "Alpha" - Master
- Server "Bravo" - Master
- Alpha
- wal_level = 'logical'
- max_logical_slots = 3
- max_wal_senders = 4 # Y = max_logical_slots plus any physical streaming requirements
- wal_keep_segments = 5000
- shared_preload_libraries = 'bdr'
- bdr.connections="bravo" # list of upstream master nodenames
- bdr.bravo.dsn = 'dbname=postgres' # connection string for connection from downstream to upstream master
- Bravo
- wal_level = 'logical'
- max_logical_slots = 3
- max_wal_senders = 4 # Y = max_logical_slots plus any physical streaming requirements
- wal_keep_segments = 5000
- shared_preload_libraries = 'bdr'
- bdr.connections="alpha" # list of upstream master nodenames
- bdr.alpha.dsn = 'dbname=postgres' # connection string for connection from downstream to upstream master
HA and Logical Standby
Downstream masters allow users to create temporary tables, so they can be used as reporting servers.
- "HA Cluster"
- Server "Alpha" - Current Master
- Server "Bravo" - Physical Standby - unused, apart from as failover target for Alpha - potentially specified in synchronous_standby_names
- Server "Charlie" - "Logical Standby" - downstream master
Very High Availability Multi-Master
A typical configuration for remote multi-master would then be:
- Site 1
- Server "Alpha" - Master - feeds changes to Bravo using physical streaming with sync replication
- Server "Bravo" - Physical Standby - feeds changes to Charlie using logical streaming
- Site 2
- Server "Charlie" - Master - feeds changes to Delta using physical streaming with sync replication
- Server "Delta" - Physical Standby - feeds changes to Alpha using logical streaming
Bandwidth between Site 1 and Site 2 is minimised
3-remote site simple Multi-Master Plex
BDR supports "all to all" connections, so the latency for any change being applied on other masters is minimised. (Note that early designs of multi-master were arranged for circular replication, which has latency issues with larger numbers of nodes)
- Site 1
- Server "Alpha" - Master - feeds changes to Charlie, Echo using logical streaming
- Site 2
- Server "Charlie" - Master - feeds changes to Alpha, Echo using logical streaming replication
- Site 3
- Server "Echo" - Master - feeds changes to Alpha, Charlie using logical streaming replication
Using node names that match port numbers, for clarity
- config for 5440:
- port = 5440
- bdr.connections='node_5441,node_5442'
- bdr.node_5441.dsn='port=5441 dbname=postgres'
- bdr.node_5442.dsn='port=5442 dbname=postgres'
- config for 5441:
- port = 5441
- bdr.connections='node_5440,node_5442'
- bdr.node_5440.dsn='port=5440 dbname=postgres'
- bdr.node_5442.dsn='port=5442 dbname=postgres'
- config for 5442:
- port = 5442
- bdr.connections='node_5440,node_5441'
- bdr.node_5440.dsn='port=5440 dbname=postgres'
- bdr.node_5441.dsn='port=5441 dbname=postgres'
3-remote site simple Multi-Master Circular Replication
Simpler config uses "circular replication". This is simpler but results in higher latency for changes as the number of nodes increases.
- Site 1
- Server "Alpha" - Master - feeds changes to Charlie using logical streaming replication
- Site 2
- Server "Charlie" - Master - feeds changes to Echo using logical streaming replication
- Site 3
- Server "Echo" - Master - feeds changes to Alpha using logical streaming replication
Using node names that match port numbers, for clarity
- config for 5440:
- port = 5440
- bdr.connections='node_5441'
- bdr.node_5441.dsn='port=5441 dbname=postgres'
- config for 5441:
- port = 5441
- bdr.connections='node_5442'
- bdr.node_5442.dsn='port=5442 dbname=postgres'
- config for 5442:
- port = 5442
- bdr.connections='node_5440'
- bdr.node_5440.dsn='port=5440 dbname=postgres'
Regrettably this doesn't actually work yet because we don't cascade logical changes (yet).
3-remote site Max Availability Multi-Master Plex
- Site 1
- Server "Alpha" - Master - feeds changes to Bravo using physical streaming with sync replication
- Server "Bravo" - Physical Standby - feeds changes to Charlie, Echo using logical streaming
- Site 2
- Server "Charlie" - Master - feeds changes to Delta using physical streaming with sync replication
- Server "Delta" - Physical Standby - feeds changes to Alpha, Echo using logical streaming
- Site 3
- Server "Echo" - Master - feeds changes to Foxtrot using physical streaming with sync replication
- Server "Foxtrot" - Physical Standby - feeds changes to Alpha, Charlie using logical streaming
Bandwidth and latency between sites is minimised.
Config left as an exercise for the reader.
N-site symmetric cluster replication
Symmetric cluster is where all masters are connected to each other.
N=19 has been tested and works fine.
N masters requires N-1 connections to other masters, so practical limits are <100 servers, or less if you have many separate databases.
The amount of work caused by each change is O(N), so there is a much lower practical limit based upon resource limits. A future option to limit to filter rows/tables for replication becomes essential with larger or more heavily updated databases, which is planned.
Complex/Assymetric Replication
Variety of options are possible.
Conflict Avoidance
Distributed Locking
Some clustering systems use distributed lock mechanisms to prevent concurrent access to data. These can perform reasonably when servers are very close but cannot support geographically distributed applications. Distributed locking is essentially a pessimistic approach, whereas BDR advocates an optimistic approach: avoid conflicts where possible though allow some types of conflict to occur and then resolve them when that happens.
Global Sequences
Many applications require unique values be assigned to database entries. Some applications use GUIDs generated by external programs, some use database-supplied values. This is important with optimistic conflict resolution schemes because uniqueness violations are "divergent errors" and are not easily resolvable.
SQL Standard requires Sequence objects which provide unique values, though these are isolated to a single node. These can then used to supply default values using DEFAULT nextval('mysequence'), as with the SERIAL datatype.
BDR requires Sequences to work together across multiple nodes. This is implemented as a new SequenceAccessMethod API (SeqAM), which allows plugins that provide get/set functions for sequences. Global Sequences are then implemented as a plugin which implements the SeqAM API and communicates across nodes to allow new ranges of values to be stored for each sequence.
Conflict Detection & Resolution
Lock Conflicts
Changes from the upstream master are applied on the downstream master by a single apply process. That process needs to RowExclusiveLock on the changing table and be able to write lock the changing tuple(s). Concurrent activity will prevent those changes from being immediately applied because of lock waits. Use the log_lock_waits facility to look for issues there.
By concurrent activity on a row, we include
- explicit row level locking
- locking from foreign keys
- implicit locking because of row updates or deletes, from local activity or apply from other servers
Data Conflicts
Concurrent updates and deletes may also cause data-level conflicts to occur, which then require conflict resolution. It is important that these conflicts are resolved in an idempotent, similar manner so that all servers end with identical results.
Concurrent updates are resolved using last-update-wins strategy using timestamps. Should timestamps be identical, the tie is broken using system identifier from pg_control (currently).
Updates and Inserts may cause uniqueness violation errors because of primary keys, unique indexes and exclusion constraints when changes are applied at remote nodes. These are not easily resolvable and represent severe application errors that cause the database contents of multiple servers to diverge from each other. Hence these are known as "divergent conflicts". Currently, replication stops should a divergent conflict occur.
Updates which cannot locate a row are presumed to be Delete/Update conflicts. These are counted but the Update is discarded.
Conflicts are logged if we specify bdr.log_conflicts = on
All conflicts are resolved at row level. Concurrent updates that touch completely separate columns can result in "false conflicts", where there is conflict in terms of the data, just in terms of the row update. Such conflicts will result in just one of those changes being made, the other discarded according to last update wins.
Changing unlogged and logged tables in same transaction can result in apparently strange outcomes since the unlogged tables aren't replicated.
As an example, lets say we have two tables Activity and Customer. There is a Foreign Key from Activity to Customer, constraining us to only record activity rows that have a matching customer row.
- We update a row on Customer table on NodeA. The change from NodeA is applied to NodeB just as we are inserting an activity on NodeB. The inserted activity causes a FK check....


text:
Retro Camera Plus
by Urbian
Download this app if:
Developer Notes
The paid, ad-free version of the free Retro Camera app. Take delicious old-school pics your friends will drool over. 5 cameras, 5 sets of vintage vignetting, film scratch, black and white & cross processing effects for that off-the-hip analog look. Inspired by the Lomo, Holga, Polaroid, Diana,...
Retro pictures — The stock camera is great to take a quick picture but Retro Camera Plus allow you to add a bit more to the picture. Choose one of the camera models and snap pictures like it is 1960. The picture will look sepia or any other filter and even has scratches on it. This did make my photo shooting...


text:
The Colorado Avalanche are trading goaltender David Aebischer to the Montreal Canadiens for Jose Theodore.
The swap marks the second time a high-profile goaltender has left Montreal for Denver. Patrick Roy departed in dramatic fashion after declaring he would never play another game for the Canadiens. He came to the Avs during the 1995-1996 season.
Twenty-nine-year-old Theodore has played in 38 games for Montreal this season, posting a 17-15-and-5 record. He comes to Denver injured with a fractured right heel bone, which he suffered during the Olympic break. Theodore is expected to recover by the playoffs.
Aebischer had a miserable month of December before turning it around in January. His record is 25-14-and-2 this season.
With Aebischer gone and Theodore injured, the Avalanche will presumably rely on Peter Budaj and Vitaly Kolesnik to tend the net.
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text:
The city of Rennes and Ille-et-Vilaine
Geographic situation and communications
With its relatively small coastline in Northern Brittany, Ille-et-Vilaine is situated between the western Brittany, Normandy, Maine and Anjou provinces. The region, consisting of a rather dense network of medium-sized cities (Dinard, Fougères, Redon, Saint-Malo and Vitré), is oriented towards agriculture and the farm-produce industry, the car industry, the electronics and telecommunications industry, as well as the service industry.
Being the préfecture of Ille-et-Vilaine, Rennes is also the capital of Brittany. Its central position allows visitors to the city to travel easily to the northern coast, to places such as Le Mont Saint-Michel, Cancale, Saint-Malo and Dinard, to the Atlantic coast with the Gulf of Morbihan and the resorts of Quiberon and Carnac, or to the Loire and its châteaux (150 to 200 km away). The legendary Brocéliande Forest is also only 40 km away.
A brief history
Rennes is situated at the confluence of two rivers, the Ille and the Vilaine. Condate (its former Gallic name) became the capital of a Celtic tribe of Redones. After its conquest by the Romans and the Francs, the victory of the first Breton sovereign, Nominoë, over King Charles le Chauve in 846, meant that Brittany became an independent kingdom. In 1532, the duchy of Brittany was officially integrated into France and Rennes became the administrative center and the head office of the Breton Parliament. In December 1720, the center of Rennes was ravaged by a great fire, destroying many of its houses built of wood. The current structures seen today spread around two main sites from the 18th century: the Hôtel de Ville and the Parlement de Bretagne.
With its town-center from the 18th century, the Cathedral from Medieval times, the suburbs from the 16th and 18th centuries, etc., Rennes has a very rich architectural heritage.
Population and economy
There are currently 210,000 people living in Rennes (360,000 including the immediate surroundings). As the regional capital of Brittany, it contains most of the administrative activities of the service sector.
Apart from its administrative and political activities, Rennes is, at present, endeavoring to establish itself as a regional center for European exchanges. To achieve this, it bases its development on its renowned international research potential. The Rennes basin represents the biggest research center in the west. Today, about 4,000 researchers are working together to expand research and industrial transfers in several main areas:
- Electronics, computing, images and communication: new techniques in telecommunications, videographics, audio-videographics, image production, digital networks to integrate services, software concepts, computer design, communication between man and machine, ... For example, the Minitel and the high definition television were developed in Rennes.
- Bio-industry and Biotechnology: research into fine chemistry, organic and inorganic chemistry and animal products.
- Health and environment: design and creation of medical image computer networks, biological and medical engineering processes.
- Materials: characterization, conception and development of new materials: glass, ceramics, polymer, composite materials, ...
The creation of new technological centers reinforces the synergy between the worlds of research and industry, leading to the settlement of highly technological businesses.
Other sectors and industries have greatly contributed to the region's development, such as:
- the farm-produce industry: this is a highly-developed industry in Brittany and many renowned products are exported overseas.
- the car industry: the car Citroën factories support an important equipment activity.
- printing and the press: both are very busy sectors. Ouest-France, the local newspaper, is the French newspaper which has the largest circulation.
Rennes as a cultural capital
With a large number of well-known artistic centers (Théâtre National de Bretagne, Grand Huit, Théâtre de la Ville, Musée des Beaux-Arts, Musée de Bretagne), Rennes plays an essential role in regional productions through the Orchestre de Bretagne, the Théâtre Chorégraphique de Rennes et Bretagne, and also the numerous people working in pictures and comic strips, cinema and photography, and music and theatre. The Transmusicales and Tombées de la nuit music festivals and the Travelling film festival are annual events that show this dynamism.
To know more about culture in Rennes, please consult the page 'Culture in Rennes'.
Cities twinned with Rennes
Rennes is twinned with twelve foreign cities:
- Rochester, USA (1956);
- Exeter, Great Britain (1957);
- Erlangen, Germany (1964);
- Brno, Czech Republic (1965);
- Sendaï, Japan (1967);
- Leuven (Louvain), Belgium (1980);
- Cork, Ireland (1983);
- Jinan, China (1985);
- Sétif, Algeria (1987);
- Almaty, Kazakhstan Republic (1991);
- Poznan, Pologne (1998);
- Sibiu, Romania (1999).
A twinning cooperative agreement was signed in 1995 with the Circle of Bandiagara (Dogon) in Malia.
In March 2000, a cooperative agreement was officially signed between Rennes and Hué in Vietnam.
To know more
For more information about the city of Rennes, please refer to http://www.ville-rennes.fr.


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The Vampire Diaries
Vampire Diaries Sneak Peek: Season 5, Episode 6 — Project Bring Bonnie Back Begins! (VIDEO)
Can't wait until Thursday to see the next installment in The Vampire Diaries saga? Check out this sneak peek from Season 5, Episode 6: "Handle With Care," in which Elena, Damon, Silas, and Jeremy set out to enact their plan to bring Bonnie back from the dead. Just another day in the lives of our favorites TVDers!
The scene, set in the Salvatore mansion, shows the somewhat unconventional gang gearing up to go somewhere to enact the ritual that will kill Silas and, in theory, bring Bonnie back from the dead. Silas seems to be taking the lead, telling telling the gang, "Alright, we gotta get going. You," he says, pointing at Jeremy, "grab a crowbar or four from the garage."
Jeremy, as he often does, asks the question we viewers at home are wondering (and everyone on the show should be asking): "What for?" Silas deflects with a "Does it matter?" only making us more suspicious. Are they going to dig someone up? Is Silas just impatient, or is he trying to hide something?
Silas then points to Elena, telling her, "You're not going. Men only." Misogynistic and drowner of Stefan? We really want to like you, Silas, and then you go and do something unsavory. Elena and Damon don't think Silas is serious, but he assure them he is "100 percent" so.
"She's a freaky carbon copy of my one true love, Amara," Silas explains. "You can understand why I don't want to stare at her imposter face all day." Damon argues that this makes zero sense (though, not to side with the Big Bad, we kind of understand). Silas tells him: "It would make complete sense if you were ever in love with anybody who looked exactly like her."
This prompts the best part of the scene: Damon making the best grimace face ever, presumably remembering his past love for another Petrova doppelganger (aka the one he was willing to kill last week). But Elena isn't moved by Silas' protests. "This is ridiculous," she tells him. "We're bringing my best friend back from the dead. I'm going."
Do you think the gang's plan to kill Silas and bring Bonnie back from the dead will work? Share your theories in the comments below!
Catch the next episode of The Vampire Diaries on Thursday, November 7 at 8 p.m. ET on The CW.


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You limited your search to:
County: Harris County, TX
Decade: 1970-1979
Collection: George Ranch Museum Collection
[Rodeo cowboy participating in the bull riding event]
Date: 1975 - 1980
Creator: unknown
Description: Photograph (copy) of an African-American rodeo cowboy. The cowboy is participating in bull riding. He is wearing boots, dark colored chaps with white fringe trim, light colored shirt (number pinned on left shoulder) and a straw cowboy hat. He has his left arm extended in the traditional bull riding manner. There are several cowboys standing/sitting on the wooden partitions in the background. Advertisement signs are visible above the top of the pens - one near center reads: "St. Pes Saddlery Pasadena" and the one on left "Swifts Plastic..".
Contributing Partner: George Ranch Historical Park


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The Swan Inn
|AA Evaluado
Perched by the banks of the Windrush River, the Inn has long been a central feature of the local community. Having been carefully restored and modernised, its enchanting ambiance harkens back to a bygone age of cosy log fires, real ales and hearty food.
The 2 AA Rosette awarded restaurant specialises in classic British dishes with a modern twist. They take great pride in utilising fresh, seasonal produce sourced from the surrounding area. They also stock local ales and beers from the Cotswold Brewing Company.
Individually designed and furnished each of the en-suite bedrooms are housed either in the converted Cotswold stone barn or the riverside cottage.


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We all want a shapely body and look good every day, Sigter have the products you need to help you to achieve control and lose weight. Sigter Shapewear help you to get slim instantly and you can get a permanent efect. Fing the right product for you in Sigter, Waist Cincher or a Body Shaper or a Full body shaper? Just click on the categories and find it. We have over 450 Shapewear products of different brands, models and styles.
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A latex girdle : this kind of girdles help you lose weight and shape your body through controlled heat especially in the abdomen. A Microfiber Shapewear visually helps you to have a better figure with a low compression. For a higher compression and greater control you can choose a Powernet Girdle that give you intantly and permanent slim efect. The Powernet is a special material with three microfiber layers, this Powernet Shapewear are made to improve more than one part of your body like abdomen, legs and breasts. They visually eliminate waist and abdomen and they are the perfect complement to your body.
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Find the perfect girdle for you in Sigter , your own style!


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All this talk about cell phones lately has got me wondering: Other than 'Unlocked' phones, is it possible to buy a model that one provider has, but switch service to another provider? Say, like Pcad's new toy from VZ, but run on it T-Mobile or a regional like US Cellular?
The big boys in the game have some pretty cool toys, but there are companies out there that offer better value on service.


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When should I start feeding my baby meats?
My daughter is 6 months old and I started feeding her baby food in the middle of her five months, she's. doing great with everything. What should I do?
Posted: 08/05/2012 by ILoveW95
Mom Answers
Sort by: best answers | most recent answers
1 - 1 of 1 answers
La Leche League recommends meat, finely shredded or pureed, as one of baby's first foods. It is high in iron, protein, and B vitamins. Go for it.posted 08/09/2012 by a BabyCenter Member
Answer this question


text: Instant Replay: Stepfan Taylor's power burst November 14, 2012 0 Comments Share tweet Winston Shi Senior Staff Writer By: Winston Shi | Senior Staff Writer Every week, Winston Shi will break down a play from the previous weekend's football game. Here is his take on Stanford's popular "power" offensive set and the play that sprung running back Stepfan Taylor for a 26-yard score in the Cardinal's win over Colorado. Instant Replay: Stepfan Taylor's power burst (Lauren Wilson/The Stanford Daily) Colorado Power power run game Stanford football Stanford offense Stanford run game Stepfan Taylor 2012-11-14 Winston Shi November 14, 2012 0 Comments Share tweet Subscribe Click here to subscribe to our daily newsletter of top headlines.


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Hummus is base for tasty, gluten-free dip
Hummus Makes 12 servings
1/2 pound dried garbanzo beans (chickpeas), soaked several hours or overnight (see note)
6 cups water
11/2 teaspoons salt
4 garlic cloves, chopped
1/4 cup fresh lemon juice
3 tablespoons dark sesame oil
1/8 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper
1/8 teaspoon cayenne pepper
Note: For faster hummus, use 2 cans (16 ounces each) of garbanzo beans. Drain the beans, and use the liquid from the can to obtain the correct consistency when processing the hummus. When using canned beans, omit the salt from the recipe.
Per 1/4-cup serving: 102 calories; 5 gm fat; 0 mg cholesterol; 182 mg sodium; 12 gm carbohydrates; 4 gm protein; 3 gm fiber.
My gluten-free recipe for January is this wonderful multipurpose hummus. This tasty Middle Eastern mixture is an easy-to-make and always popular selection. Hummus can be used as a spread, a dip or a sauce. I like it best spread on gluten-free toast or crackers, as a dip for raw vegetables or as a sauce on roasted vegetables, fish, poultry or meat.
Drain the beans and rinse thoroughly. Combine the beans, water and salt in a pot and bring to a boil. Reduce the heat and simmer, covered, for 1 hour. Drain the beans, reserving the cooking water.
Place the drained beans in a food processor. Add all the other ingredients and process until smooth. Add enough of the cooking water for the mixture to be the consistency of creamy peanut butter. Serve with raw vegetables as a dip, or spread on gluten-free crackers or toast, if desired.
Jeanne Jones is a cookbook author and consultant on menu planning. Write to her at: Cook It Light, P.O. Box 1212, La Jolla, CA 92038. © King Features Syndicate


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Product 1/14
Originally a medical pre-tape, female athletes know that using it in your hair is the perfect solution for flyaways and keeping hair under control.
Athletic trainers use pre-wrap underneath athletic tape because it helps protect skin from tape chafing. It is an easy way to keep athletes pain-free when the tape is ripped off! Can be used to hold pads and socks in place and as a protective wrap inside hiking boots, ice skates, ski boots, and other athletic footwear. 2 3/4" x 30 yds.
Colored Mueller MWrap® is latex free. The foam is clingy and does not contain an adhesive. Designed to go underneath athletic tape to protect the skin.
Customers from all over the world use pre-wrap for a variety of uses from fun to functional. It is also called Pre-taping foam underwrap, prewrap, pro-wrap, and MWrap®.


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May 4, 2016
Tuesday, Feb. 19, 2013
COLUMBIA, S.C. (AP) -- South Carolina Attorney General Alan Wilson and law enforcement leaders are unveiling a legislative package aimed at addressing gun violence and mental health.
Wilson and others discuss their proposals at the Statehouse on Tuesday.
Wilson says South Carolina shouldn't stay on the list of six states with no barriers to prevent the mentally ill from purchasing guns.
The Republican says he was inspired to take on the issue by recent events, including the recent arrest of a woman accused of trying to shoot an official at a Charleston school. Authorities say that woman had pleaded not guilty by reason of mental incompetence to a previous crime, then went on to purchase the gun she's accused of using at the school.
(Copyright 2013, The Associated Press)
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Minutes of Proceedings
Session: 2012/2013
Date: 23 May 2013
Venue: Room 30, Parliament Buildings
The meeting commenced at 2.09 p.m. in public session.
1. Apologies
Apologies are listed above.
2. Draft minutes of the meeting held on 16 May 2013
The Committee approved the draft minutes of the meeting held on 16 May 2013.
3. Matters Arising
i. The Committee noted an updated Forward Work Programme for May to July 2013 which included a number of informal meetings and a visit to the Public Prosecution Service and Witness Care Unit. The Chairman advised Members that the Minister of Justice would attend the meeting on 13 June 2013 to discuss the policy and draft
consultation document on a new powers package for the Office of the Police Ombudsman and that an up-date briefing on the Desertcreat Capital Project was scheduled for 20 June 2013.
ii. The Committee noted a supplementary research paper on any correlation between the impact of the economic recession and reduced incomes and an increase in civil legal aid expenditure.
iii. The Committee noted information provided to committee staff during the meeting held in HM Prison Magilligan on 16 May on the Northern Ireland Prison Service Cognitive Programme Provision.
iv. The Chairman advised the Committee that the issue of a Bill of Rights for Northern Ireland appeared to rest with the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland and would require Westminster legislation.
4. Equal Pay Claims for DoJ/NIO/PSNI Support Staff
Karen Pearson, Deputy Director of Personnel and Office Services, Louise Warde-Hunter, Deputy Director, Policing Policy and Strategy Division, and Glyn Capper, Deputy Director, Financial Services Division, Department of Justice, joined the meeting at 2.14 p.m.
The officials outlined the position in relation to the equal pay issue for PSNI support staff.
2.25 p.m. Mr Patsy McGlone joined the meeting.
2.33 p.m. Mr Alban Maginness joined the meeting.
A detailed question and answer session followed covering issues including: the reasons why the Department of Justice was not satisfied that the draft business case submitted by the PSNI in October 2010 demonstrated an entitlement; the role of the Department of Finance and Personnel in relation to the draft business case; whether the PSNI intends to bring forward a future business case; the estimated cost if the recent judgement had established liability; the current position regarding the future use of any ring-fenced money; the moral argument regarding PSNI support staff entitlement to an equal pay award; what efforts were being made to resolve the issue of the PSNI support staff equal pay claim despite the recent court judgement; what efforts the Department of Justice had made to find a mechanism to deliver a settlement to PSNI support staff; the role of NIPSA; and how the court decision and future intentions of the PSNI in relation to this matter are being communicated to PSNI support staff.
The officials agreed to provide the Committee with a copy of the 1996 correspondence between Sir David Fell (the then Head of the NI Civil Service) and NIPSA and, subject to advice, a copy of the PSNI draft business case. Officials also agreed to advise the PSNI of the Committee's view that senior police management should communicate the implications of the recent court case directly to support staff and advise staff of any future intentions the PSNI has in relation to this matter.
The briefing was recorded by Hansard.
The Chairman thanked the officials for the briefing and they left the meeting.
2.45 p.m. Mr Alex Easton left the meeting.
The Chairman advised Members that a debate on a private members' motion on access to the equal pay settlement for PSNI and NIO staff was listed on the Order Paper for Tuesday 4 June 2013.
Agreed: The Committee agreed to send a copy of the Department of Justice briefing paper and the Hansard of the evidence session to the Committee for Finance and Personnel given its interest in this matter.
Agreed: The Committee agreed to write to the Northern Ireland Policing Board to ask what action, if any, it is taking in relation to the PSNI support staff equal pay cases.
Agreed: The Committee agreed to invite the Chief Constable to attend a Committee meeting to brief Members on the equal pay cases and a number of other issues.
5. G8 Summit (Privileges and Immunities) Order 2013
The Committee noted that the G8 Summit (Privileges and Immunities) Order 2013, made under the International Organisations Act 1968, to confer immunities and privileges upon the representatives of the sovereign Powers, other than the United Kingdom, for the duration of the G8 Summit, would come into force on 9 June 2013.
2.50 p.m. Mr William Humphrey left the meeting.
6. Judicial Review of Proceedings Relating to Fine Default
The Committee considered information, including legal and financial implications, provided by the Department of Justice on five recent judicial reviews which sought to challenge various aspects of the arrangements for imposing and enforcing fines and other monetary penalties in Northern Ireland. The judgments, delivered on 22 March 2013, found the current processes to be flawed in a number of respects.
Agreed: The Committee agreed to assess progress by the Department of Justice to address the issues raised by the judgments on a regular basis and, at a future oral briefing on the matter, the Committee would discuss the issue of the Department identifying its legal obligations before court cases/judicial reviews are taken.
7. Future Regulation of the Private Security Industry – Results of Consultation Exercises
The Committee noted information provided by the Department of Justice on the results of two consultations on the future regulation of the private security industry. An oral briefing would be scheduled when proposals on the way forward are available for the Committee to consider.
8. Reform of Police Unsatisfactory Performance and Discipline Procedures
The Committee considered proposals by the Department of Justice to undertake a 12 week targeted consultation with key stakeholders on two sets of draft regulations and one set of rules to reform the discipline and unsatisfactory performance procedures for the PSNI.
Agreed: The Committee agreed that it was content for the targeted consultation on the draft regulations and rules to take place and to consider the matter further when the results of the consultation are available.
9. Update on Police Negotiating Board
The Committee noted the current position on the replacement of the Police Negotiating Board and the decision by the Minister of Justice to consult further on the creation of the new Police Remuneration Review Body and the possible inclusion of Northern Ireland or an alternative way forward that meets the needs of policing here.
10. Judicial Pensions
The Committee noted information provided by the Department of Justice regarding judicial pensions, litigation against the Department arising from a recent decision of the Supreme Court in the case of O'Brien and the decision by the Minister of Justice to apply a moratorium to the fee paid office holders in tribunals for which the Department of Justice is currently responsible to minimise the risk of further unnecessary litigation and the cost associated with defending these.
11. Correspondence
i. The Committee noted a response from the Department of Justice to the Committee for Health, Social Services and Public Safety's request for clarification on whether people convicted of cigarette related duty evasion under the Customs and Excise Management Duty Act 1979 results in the convicted person being banned from selling tobacco products for a set period of time.
Agreed: The Committee agreed to forward the Department's letter to the Committee for Health, Social Services and Public Safety.
ii. The Committee considered correspondence from the Minister of Justice advising that the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland had indicated that, for the time being, non-jury trials should continue to be available and she would make the necessary Order to extend the temporary provisions which would be reviewed in two years' time.
Agreed: The Committee agreed to request information on the number of non jury trials which had taken place during the period of time covered by the previous Order and the circumstances relating to each trial.
iii. The Committee noted correspondence from the Minister of Justice advising of the appointment of Tom McGonigle as the new Prisoner Ombudsman for Northern Ireland.
iv. The Committee noted the Official Statistics publication, 'Views on Organised Crime: Findings from January 2013 Northern Ireland Omnibus Survey' which was published on 17 May 2013.
v. The Committee noted a copy of a letter from a Mr Kells to the Minister of Justice regarding injury on duty awards for former police officers over the age of 65.
vi. The Committee noted a copy of correspondence from a Mr and Mrs Shaw to the Chief Constable regarding alleged issues with the PSNI and handling of court cases.
vii. The Committee noted correspondence from the Committee for Enterprise, Trade and Investment to the Department of Justice requesting information in relation to Third Sector Mapping.
viii. The Committee noted correspondence from the Committee for Health, Social Services and Public Safety to the Department of Justice requesting information on what action the Department is taking in relation to suicide prevention strategies.
ix. The Committee considered correspondence from the Committee for Enterprise, Trade and Investment providing the terms of reference for a Review of the Consumer Council for Northern Ireland and a questionnaire for key stakeholders.
Agreed: The Committee agreed a response was not required as the Review did not cover justice matters.
x. The Committee noted a Northern Ireland Courts and Tribunals Service Statistical Press Release- Mortgages: Actions for Possession January- March 2013.
12. Chairman's Business
i. The Chairman advised Members that he had recently met with representatives of the Ulster Clay Pigeon Shooting Association and the Northern Ireland Federation of Shooting Sports, at their request, to discuss a number of issues relating to firearms legislation including those around young shooters and Section 104 of the Justice Act (NI) 2011 which had not yet been commenced by the Department of Justice.
Agreed: The Committee agreed to request details on the current position in relation to Section 104 of the Justice Act (NI) 2011, why it had not yet been enacted, whether the Department of Justice is considering changes to the provisions and, if so, whether the revised provisions will be included in the forthcoming Faster, Fairer Justice Bill.
Agreed: The Committee agreed to invite representatives of the Ulster Clay Pigeon Shooting Association and the Northern Ireland Federation of Shooting Sports to brief the Committee when the Department of Justice has responded on the issues raised regarding the proposed changes to firearms legislation and other miscellaneous proposals.
ii. The Chairman advised Members that he had recently met with representatives of the Limavady Human Rights (LHR) Committee, at their request, to discuss issues of concern around the perceived abuse of police powers of arrest and the process by the judiciary in recent cases.
Agreed: The Committee agreed to refer the papers provided by the LHR Committee to the Chief Constable, the Minister of Justice and the Office of the Lord Chief Justice and ask them to respond directly to the LHR Committee on the issues that fall within their responsibilities and provide a copy of the response to the Committee.
Agreed: The Committee agreed to send a copy of the letter to the Chief Constable to the Chairman of the Policing Board for information.
iii. The Chairman advised Members that he had received an invitation from the Committee for Social Development to a stakeholder event on "Repossessions and Negative Equity in the NI Housing Market" on Thursday 6 June 2013 which he was unable to attend as it takes place at the same time as the Justice Committee meeting.
13. Any Other Business
14. Date and time of next meeting
The next meeting will take place on Thursday 30 May 2013 at 2.00 pm in Room 30 Parliament Buildings.
The meeting was adjourned at 3.07 p.m.


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Welcome to the Guild! based off of what you have already done I'm looking forward to seeing some of your maps!
Hi guys,
I have the pleasure to introduce myself to this wonderful community !
I discover your site recently I would like to join it to share my passion about graphics and creating maps.
My name is Gilles Pfeiffer, I am 41, I work in Computer graphics until 2000.
Most of my work is to create graphics for Strategic video games.
I worked with Antik Games which released the famous Pax Romana.
Then I worked with Paradox Entertainement on Crusader Kings.
In 2007, I started working with Ageod and I did most of the graphics on:
- Wars in America
- World War One
- Rise of Prussia
- Revolution under Siege
- Alea Jacta Est
- Espana 1936
- Civil War 2
I also did few graphics on Napoleon's Campaigns and Pride of Nation...
I will post some of my work later...
See you !
Welcome to the Guild! based off of what you have already done I'm looking forward to seeing some of your maps!
Thanks Domino !
I will post my old work as soon as I will reach 5 posts !!
Yeah, can't wait to see!
Welcome to the Guild. Comment on a few peoples maps and that will get you up to the 5 posts. looking forward to seeing your work.
My Battlemaps Gallery http://www.cartographersguild.com/al...p?albumid=3407
Welcome !! I too am looking forward to seeing (more) of your work.
I am the breath of Dragons...The Song of Mountains...The Stories of Rivers....The Heart of Cities.... I am A Cartographer....
Finished Maps
Kingdom Of Shendenflar Campaign Setting (WIP)
Everything I post is free for use and redistribution under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 licence, except where noted otherwise in the thread.


text:
Trending Searches: Taxes | Parks | Library
Deadline for absentee ballot by appearing in-person: 5:00 p.m. Saturday, April 30, 2016
back to top
· Virginia has a General Election every November on the Tuesday following the first Monday in the month. · Federal officeholders are elected in even-numbered years with Presidential elections in leap years. ú If called, Presidential Primaries are held on the first Tuesday in March. ú If primaries are called by the two political parties for U.S. Senate and/or U.S. Representatives, they are held on the second Tuesday in June. · State and Local officeholders are elected in odd-numbered years. · Haymarket, Occoquan and Quantico Mayor and Town Council serve for two years; and are elected in even-number years on the first Tuesday in May. · Dumfries Mayor and three Town Council members are elected to four-year terms on the first Tuesday in May. The other three Dumfries Town Council members are elected in the opposite even-numbered years (in leap years) on the first Tuesday in May. Town Officials assume office on July 1 of the year elected. back to top


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May 5, 2016
LaSalle County Sheriff Tom Templeton says the service will be held at 12 p.m. (at the corner of Church and Mill Streets) in Utica.
Templeton says he's expecting a large turnout of people who want to remember those who died while trapped below debris when the Milestone Tavern collapsed.
Utica Mayor Fred Esmond also plans to use the memorial as an opportunity to thank those who helped with rescue and relief efforts.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.