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22 U.S. Code § 7513 - Authorization of assistance
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(a) In general
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the President is authorized to provide assistance for Afghanistan for the following activities:
(1) Urgent humanitarian needs
To assist in meeting the urgent humanitarian needs of the people of Afghanistan, including assistance such as—
(C) preventative health care, including childhood vaccination, therapeutic feeding, maternal child health services, and infectious diseases surveillance and treatment;
(E) clearance of landmines and other unexploded ordinance. [1]
(2) Repatriation and resettlement of refugees and internally displaced persons
To assist refugees and internally displaced persons as they return to their home communities in Afghanistan and to support their reintegration into those communities, including assistance such as—
(B) assistance to communities, including those in neighboring countries, that have taken in large numbers of refugees in order to rehabilitate or expand social, health, and educational services that may have suffered as a result of the influx of large numbers of refugees;
(C) assistance to international organizations and host governments in maintaining security by screening refugees to ensure the exclusion of armed combatants, members of foreign terrorist organizations, and other individuals not eligible for economic assistance from the United States; and
(D) assistance for voluntary refugee repatriation and reintegration inside Afghanistan and continued assistance to those refugees who are unable or unwilling to return, and humanitarian assistance to internally displaced persons, including those persons who need assistance to return to their homes, through the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and other organizations charged with providing such assistance.
(3) Counternarcotics efforts
(A) To assist in the eradication of poppy cultivation, the disruption of heroin production, and the reduction of the overall supply and demand for illicit narcotics in Afghanistan and the region, with particular emphasis on assistance to—
(i) eradicate opium poppy, promote alternatives to poppy cultivation, including the introduction of high value crops that are suitable for export and the provision of appropriate technical assistance and credit mechanisms for farmers, purchase nonopium products from farmers in opium-growing areas, quick-impact public works programs to divert labor from narcotics production, develop projects directed specifically at narcotics production, processing, or trafficking areas to provide incentives to cooperation in narcotics suppression activities, and related programs;
(ii) establish or provide assistance to one or more entities within the Government of Afghanistan, including the Afghan State High Commission for Drug Control, and to provide training and equipment for the entities, to help enforce counternarcotics laws in Afghanistan and limit illicit narcotics growth, production, and trafficking in Afghanistan, and to create special counternarcotics courts, prosecutors, and places of incarceration;
(iii) train and provide equipment for customs, police, and other border control entities in Afghanistan and the region relating to illicit narcotics interdiction and relating to precursor chemical controls and interdiction to help disrupt heroin production in Afghanistan and the region, in particular, notwithstanding section 2420 of this title, by providing non-lethal equipment, training (including training in internationally recognized standards of human rights, the rule of law, anti-corruption, and the promotion of civilian police roles that support democracy), and payments, during fiscal years 2005 through 2008, for salaries for special counternarcotics police and supporting units;
(iv) continue the annual opium crop survey and strategic studies on opium crop planting and farming in Afghanistan;
(v) reduce demand for illicit narcotics among the people of Afghanistan, including refugees returning to Afghanistan; and
(B) For each of the fiscal years 2003 through 2006, $15,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated to the President to be made available for a contribution to the United Nations Drug Control Program for the purpose of carrying out activities described in clauses (i) through (v) of subparagraph (A). Amounts made available under the preceding sentence are in addition to amounts otherwise available for such purposes.
(4) Reestablishment of food security, rehabilitation of the agriculture sector, improvement in health conditions, and the reconstruction of basic infrastructure
To assist in expanding access to markets in Afghanistan, to increase the availability of food in markets in Afghanistan, to rehabilitate the agriculture sector in Afghanistan by creating jobs for former combatants, returning refugees, and internally displaced persons, to improve health conditions, and assist in the rebuilding of basic infrastructure in Afghanistan, including assistance such as—
(A) rehabilitation of the agricultural infrastructure, including irrigation systems and rural roads;
(C) provision of critical agricultural inputs, such as seeds, tools, and fertilizer, and strengthening of seed multiplication, certification, and distribution systems;
(D) improvement in the quantity and quality of water available through, among other things, rehabilitation of existing irrigation systems and the development of local capacity to manage irrigation systems;
(E) livestock rehabilitation through market development and other mechanisms to distribute stocks to replace those stocks lost as a result of conflict or drought;
(F) mine awareness and demining programs and programs to assist mine victims, war orphans, and widows;
(G) programs relating to infant and young child feeding, immunizations, vitamin A supplementation, and prevention and treatment of diarrheal diseases and respiratory infections;
(I) programs to improve hygienic and sanitation practices and for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis and malaria;
(J) programs to reconstitute the delivery of health care, including the reconstruction of health clinics or other basic health infrastructure, with particular emphasis on health care for children who are orphans;
(K) programs for housing (including repairing homes damaged during military operations), rebuilding urban infrastructure, and supporting basic urban services;
(L) disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration of armed combatants into society, particularly child soldiers; and
(5) Education, the rule of law, and related issues
(A) Education
To assist in the development of the capacity of the Government of Afghanistan to provide education to the people of Afghanistan, including assistance such as—
(i) support for an educated citizenry through improved access to basic education, with particular emphasis on basic education for children, especially orphans;
(ii) programs to enable the Government of Afghanistan to recruit and train teachers, with special focus on the recruitment and training of female teachers;
(iii) programs to enable the Government of Afghanistan to develop school curricula that incorporate relevant information such as landmine awareness, food security and agricultural education, civic education, and human rights education, including education relating to religious freedom;
(iv) programs to construct, renovate, or rebuild, and to equip and provide teacher training, for primary schools, secondary schools, and universities; and
(B) Rule of law
To assist in the development of the rule of law and good governance and reduced corruption in Afghanistan, including assistance such as—
(i) support for the activities of the Government of Afghanistan to implement its constitution, to develop modern legal codes and court rules, to provide for the creation of legal assistance programs, and other initiatives to promote the rule of law in Afghanistan;
(ii) support for improvements in the capacity and physical infrastructure of the justice system in Afghanistan, such as for professional training (including for women) to improve the administration of justice, for programs to enhance prosecutorial and judicial capabilities and to protect participants in judicial cases, for improvements in the instruction of law enforcement personnel (including human rights training), and for the promotion of civilian police roles that support democracy;
(iv) support for the effective administration of justice at the national, regional, and local levels, including programs to improve penal institutions and the rehabilitation of prisoners, and to establish a responsible and community-based police force;
(v) support to increase the transparency, accountability, and participatory nature of governmental institutions, including programs designed to combat corruption and other programs for the promotion of good governance, such as the development of regulations relating to financial disclosure for public officials, political parties, and candidates for public office, and transparent budgeting processes and financial management systems;
(vii) support for international organizations that provide civil advisers to the Government of Afghanistan; and
(C) Civil society and democracy
To support the development of democratic institutions in Afghanistan, including assistance for—
(iii) international exchanges and professional training for members or officials of government, political, and civic or other nongovernmental entities;
(vi) programs that support the expanded participation of women and members of all ethnic groups in government at national, regional, and local levels; and
(6) Market economy
To support the establishment of a market economy, the establishment of private financial institutions, the adoption of policies to promote foreign direct investment, the development of a basic telecommunication infrastructure, and the development of trade and other commercial links with countries in the region and with the United States, including policies to—
(A) encourage the return of Afghanistan citizens or nationals living abroad who have marketable and business-related skills;
(B) establish financial institutions, including credit unions, cooperatives, and other entities providing microenterprise credits and other income-generation programs for the poor, with particular emphasis on women;
(D) promote and foster respect for basic workers' rights and protections against exploitation of child labor;
(7) Assistance to women and girls
(A) Assistance objectives
To assist women and girls in Afghanistan in the areas of political and human rights, health care, education, training, security, and shelter, with particular emphasis on assistance—
(i) to support construction of, provide equipment and medical supplies to, and otherwise facilitate the establishment and rehabilitation of, health care facilities in order to improve the health care of women, children, and infants;
(iii) to establish, maintain, and expand primary and secondary schools for girls that include mathematics, science, and languages in their primary curriculum;
(iv) to develop and expand technical and vocational training programs and income-generation projects for women;
(v) to provide special educational opportunities for girls whose schooling was ended by the Taliban, and to support the ability of women to have access to higher education;
(vi) to develop and implement programs to protect women and girls against sexual and physical abuse, abduction, trafficking, exploitation, and sex discrimination in the delivery of humanitarian supplies and services;
(viii) to direct humanitarian assistance to widows, who make up a very large and needy population in war-torn Afghanistan;
(ix) to support the work of women-led and local nongovernmental organizations with demonstrated experience in delivering services to Afghan women and children;
(x) to disseminate information throughout Afghanistan on the rights of women and on international standards of human rights, including the rights of religious freedom, freedom of expression, and freedom of association;
(xi) to provide women's rights and human rights training for military, police, and legal personnel; and
(B) Availability of funds
For each of the fiscal years 2003 through 2006—
(i) $15,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated to the President to be made available to the Afghan Ministry of Women's Affairs; and
(b) Limitation
(1) In general
Amounts made available to carry out this subchapter (except amounts made available for assistance under paragraphs (1) through (3) and subparagraphs (F) through (I) of paragraph (4) of subsection (a) of this section) may be provided only if the President first determines and certifies to Congress with respect to the fiscal year involved that progress is being made toward adopting a constitution and establishing a democratically elected government for Afghanistan that respects human rights.
(2) Waiver
(A) In general
The President may waive the application of paragraph (1) if the President first determines and certifies to Congress that it is important to the national interest of the United States to do so.
(c) Enterprise fund
(1) Authorization of appropriations
In addition to funds otherwise available for such purpose, there are authorized to be appropriated to the President for an enterprise fund for Afghanistan $300,000,000. The provisions contained in section 5421 of this title (excluding the authorizations of appropriations provided in subsection (b) of that section) shall apply with respect to such enterprise fund and to funds made available to such enterprise fund under this subsection.
(d) Monitoring of assistance for Afghanistan
(1) Report
(A) In general
The Secretary of State, in consultation with the Administrator for the United States Agency for International Development, shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on International Relations of the House of Representatives a report on the obligations of United States assistance for Afghanistan from all United States Government departments and agencies.
(B) Contents
Each such report shall set forth, for the preceding annual period and cumulatively, a description of—
(C) Additional requirements
The first report submitted under this paragraph shall include a cumulative account of information described in subparagraph (B) from all prior periods beginning with fiscal year 2001. The first report under this paragraph shall be submitted not later than March 15, 2005. Subsequent reports shall be submitted every 12 months thereafter and may be included in the report required under section 7536 (c)(2) [2] of this title.
(2) Submission of information for report
The head of each United States Government agency referred to in paragraph (1) shall provide on a timely basis to the Secretary of State such information as the Secretary may reasonably require to allow the Secretary to prepare and submit the report required under paragraph (1).
[1] So in original. Probably should be "ordnance."
[2] See References in Text note below.
Source(Pub. L. 107–327, title I, § 103,Dec. 4, 2002, 116 Stat. 2799; Pub. L. 108–458, title VII, § 7104(e)(1)(B), (f)(2)–(g), (j)(1), (k)(2), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3782, 3783, 3785, 3787, 3788.)
References in Text
Section 7536 of this title, referred to in subsec. (d)(1)(C), was omitted from the Code.
2004—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–458, § 7104(e)(1)(B), substituted "any other" for "section 512 ofPublic Law 107–115 or any other similar" in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(i). Pub. L. 108–458, § 7104(j)(1)(A), substituted "promote alternatives to poppy cultivation, including the introduction of high value crops that are suitable for export and the provision of appropriate technical assistance and credit mechanisms for farmers," for "establish crop substitution programs,".
Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 108–458, § 7104(j)(1)(B), inserted ", and to create special counternarcotics courts, prosecutors, and places of incarceration" before semicolon at end.
Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 108–458, § 7104(j)(1)(C), inserted before semicolon at end ", in particular, notwithstanding section 2420 of this title, by providing non-lethal equipment, training (including training in internationally recognized standards of human rights, the rule of law, anti-corruption, and the promotion of civilian police roles that support democracy), and payments, during fiscal years 2005 through 2008, for salaries for special counternarcotics police and supporting units".
Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(vi). Pub. L. 108–458, § 7104(j)(1)(D)–(F), added cl. (vi).
Subsec. (a)(4)(M). Pub. L. 108–458, § 7104(f)(3), added subpar. (M).
Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 108–458, § 7104(f)(2), amended heading and text of par. (5) generally, substituting provisions relating to education, the rule of law, and related issues, for provisions relating to reestablishment of Afghanistan as a viable nation-state.
Subsec. (a)(7)(A)(xii). Pub. L. 108–458, § 7104(k)(2), substituted "Afghan Independent" for "National".
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 108–458, § 7104(g), added subsec. (d).
Change of Name
Committee on International Relations of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Foreign Affairs of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007.
Authority To Establish a Program To Develop and Carry Out Infrastructure Projects in Afghanistan
Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title XII, § 1217,Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4393, as amended by Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title XII, § 1217,Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1632; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title XII, § 1219,Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1991; Pub. L. 113–66, div. A, title XII, § 1215(a),Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 907, provided that:
"(a) Authority.—The Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State are authorized to establish a program to develop and carry out infrastructure projects in Afghanistan in accordance with the requirements of this section.
"(b) Formulation and Execution of Program.—
"(1) In general.—The Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense shall jointly develop any project under the program authorized under subsection (a). Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, shall implement any project under the program authorized under subsection (a).
"(2) Exception.—The Secretary of Defense shall implement a project under the program authorized under subsection (a) if the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State jointly determine that the Secretary of Defense should implement the project.
"(c) Types of Projects.—Infrastructure projects under the program authorized under subsection (a) may include—
"(1) water, power, and transportation projects; and
"(2) other projects in support of the counterinsurgency strategy in Afghanistan.
"(d) Authority in Addition to Other Authorities.—The authority to establish the program and develop and carry out infrastructure projects under subsection (a) is in addition to any other authority to provide assistance to foreign countries.
"(e) Applicability of Certain Administrative Provisions.—
"(1) In general.—The administrative provisions of chapter 2 of part III of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2381 et seq.) shall apply to funds made available to the Secretary of State for purposes of carrying out infrastructure projects under the program authorized under subsection (a) to the same extent and in the same manner as such administrative provisions apply to funds made available to carry out part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.).
"(2) Gifts, etc.—The Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State may accept and use in furtherance of the purposes of this section, money, funds, property, and services of any kind made available by gift, devise, bequest, grant, or otherwise for such purposes.
"(f) Funding.—
"(1) In general.—Subject to paragraph (2), to carry out the program authorized under subsection (a), the Secretary of Defense may use amounts as follows:
"(A) Up to $400,000,000 made available to the Department of Defense for operation and maintenance for fiscal year 2012.
"(B) Up to $350,000,000 made available to the Department of Defense for operation and maintenance for fiscal year 2013.
"(C) Up to $250,000,000 made available to the Department of Defense for operation and maintenance for fiscal year 2014.
"(2) Limitation.—The Secretary of Defense may use not more than 50 percent of the amount specified in paragraph (1) for a fiscal year after fiscal year 2011 to carry out the program authorized under subsection (a) until the Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Secretary of State, submits to the appropriate congressional committees a plan for the allocation and use of funds under the program for such fiscal year, including for each project, or phase of a project, to be initiated during such fiscal year the following:
"(A) An estimate of the financial and other requirements necessary to sustain such project on an annual basis after the completion of such project.
"(B) An assessment whether the Government of Afghanistan is committed to and has the capacity to maintain and use such project after its completion.
"(C) An assessment of the capability of the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) to provide security for such project after January 1, 2015, including an estimate of the ANSF force levels, if any, required to secure such project. Such assessment should include the estimated costs of providing security and whether or not the Government of Afghanistan is committed to providing such security.
"(D) A description of any arrangements for the sustainment of such project following its completion if the Government of Afghanistan lacks the capacity (in either financial or human resources) to maintain such project.
"(3) Availability.—Funds made available by paragraph (1) are authorized to remain available as follows:
"(A) In the case of funds for fiscal year 2011, until September 30, 2012.
"(B) In the case of funds for fiscal year 2012, until September 30, 2013.
"(C) In the case of funds for fiscal year 2013, until September 30, 2014.
"(D) In the case of funds for fiscal year 2014, until September 30, 2015.
"(g) Congressional Notification.—The Secretary of Defense shall notify the appropriate congressional committees not less than 15 days before obligating or expending funds to carry out a project or transferring funds to the Secretary of State for the purpose of implementing a project under the program authorized under subsection (a). Such notification shall be in writing and contain a description of the details of the proposed project, including—
"(1) a plan for the sustainment of the project; and
"(2) a description of how the project supports the counterinsurgency strategy in Afghanistan.
"(h) Return of Unexpended Funds.—
"(1) In general.—Any unexpended funds transferred to the Secretary of State for the purpose of implementing a project under the program authorized under subsection (a) shall be returned to the Secretary of Defense if the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, determines that the project cannot be implemented for any reason or that the project no longer supports the counterinsurgency strategy in Afghanistan.
"(2) Availability.—Any funds returned to the Secretary of Defense under this subsection shall be available for use under this section and shall be treated in the same manner as funds not transferred to the Secretary of State.
"(i) Reports.—
"(1) Report required.—Not later than 30 days after the end of each fiscal year in which funds are obligated, expended, or transferred under the program authorized under subsection (a), the Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the Secretary of State, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report regarding implementation of the program during such fiscal year.
"(2) Matters to be included.—The report required under paragraph (1) shall include the following:
"(A) The allocation and use of funds under the program during the fiscal year.
"(B) A description of each project for which funds were expended or transferred during the fiscal year.
"(j) Definition.—In this section, the term 'appropriate congressional committees' means—
"(1) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and
"(2) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate."
[Pub. L. 113–66, div. A, title XII, § 1215(b),Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 908, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending section 1217 ofPub. L. 111–383, set out above] shall take effect on October 1, 2013."]
Performance Monitoring System for United States-Led Provincial Reconstruction Teams in Afghanistan
Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title XII, § 1215,Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4632, provided that:
"(a) In General.—The President, acting through the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State, shall develop and implement a system to monitor the performance of United States-led Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs) in Afghanistan.
"(b) Elements of Performance Monitoring System.—The performance monitoring system required under subsection (a) shall include—
"(1) PRT-specific work plans that incorporate the long-term strategy, mission, and clearly defined objectives required by section 1230(c)(3) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 (Public Law 110–181; 122 Stat. 386), and include plans for developing the capacity of national, provincial, and local government and other civil institutions in Afghanistan to assume increasing responsibility for the formulation, implementation, and oversight of reconstruction and development activities; and
"(2) comprehensive performance indicators and measures of progress toward sustainable long-term security and stability in Afghanistan, and include performance standards and progress goals together with a notional timetable for achieving such goals, consistent with the requirements of section 1230(d) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 (Public Law 110–181; 122 Stat. 388).
"(c) Report.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 14, 2008], the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the implementation of the performance monitoring system required under subsection (a).
"(d) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.—In this section, the term 'appropriate congressional committees' means—
"(1) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Appropriations, and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; and
"(2) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Appropriations, and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate."
Declarations of Policy
Pub. L. 108–458, title VII, § 7104(e)(1)(A),Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3781, provided that: "Congress reaffirms the authorities contained in title I of the Afghanistan Freedom Support Act of 2002 (22 U.S.C. 7501 [7511] et seq.), relating to economic and democratic development assistance for Afghanistan."
Pub. L. 108–458, title VII, § 7104(f)(1),Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3783, provided that: "Congress declares that, although Afghanistan has adopted a new constitution and made progress on primary education, the United States must invest in a concerted effort in Afghanistan to improve the rule of law, good governance, and effective policing, to accelerate work on secondary and university education systems, and to establish new initiatives to increase the capacity of civil society."
Relief for Afghan Women and Children
Pub. L. 107–81, Dec. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 811, provided that:"SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
"This Act may be cited as the 'Afghan Women and Children Relief Act of 2001'."SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
"Congress makes the following findings:
"(1) In Afghanistan, Taliban restrictions on women's participation in society make it nearly impossible for women to exercise their basic human rights. The Taliban restrictions on Afghan women's freedom of expression, association, and movement deny women full participation in society and, consequently, from effectively securing basic access to work, education, and health care.
"(2) Afghanistan has one of the highest infant (165 of 1000) and child (257 of 1000) mortality rates in the world.
"(3) Only 5 percent of rural and 39 percent of urban Afghans have access to safe drinking water.
"(4) It is estimated that 42 percent of all deaths in Afghanistan are due to diarrheal diseases caused by contaminated food and water.
"(5) Over one-third of Afghan children under 5 years of age suffer from malnutrition, 85,000 of whom die annually.
"(6) Seventy percent of the health care system in Afghanistan is dependent on foreign assistance.
"(7) As of May 1998, only 20 percent of hospital medical and surgical beds dedicated to adults were available for women, and thousands of Afghan women and girls are routinely denied health care.
"(8) Women are forbidden to leave their homes without being escorted by a male relative. This prevents many women from seeking basic necessities like health care and food for their children. Doctors, virtually all of whom are male, are also not permitted to provide certain types of care not deemed appropriate by the Taliban.
"(9) Before the Taliban took control of Kabul, schools were coeducational, with women accounting for 70 percent of the teaching force. Women represented about 50 percent of the civil service corps, and 40 percent of the city's physicians were women. Today, the Taliban prohibits women from working as teachers, doctors, and in any other occupation.
"(10) The Taliban prohibit [sic] girls and women from attending school. In 1998, the Taliban ordered the closing of more than 100 privately funded schools where thousands of young women and girls were receiving education and training in skills that would have helped them support themselves and their families.
"(11) Of the many tens of thousands of war widows in Afghanistan, many are forced to beg for food and to sell their possessions because they are not allowed to work.
"(12) Resistance movements courageously continue to educate Afghan girls in secrecy and in foreign countries against Taliban law."SEC. 3. AUTHORIZATION OF ASSISTANCE.
"(a) In General.—Subject to subsection (b), the President is authorized, on such terms and conditions as the President may determine, to provide educational and health care assistance for the women and children living in Afghanistan and as refugees in neighboring countries.
"(b) Implementation.—(1) In providing assistance under subsection (a), the President shall ensure that such assistance is provided in a manner that protects and promotes the human rights of all people in Afghanistan, utilizing indigenous institutions and nongovernmental organizations, especially women's organizations, to the extent possible.
"(2) Beginning 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 12, 2001], and at least annually for the 2 years thereafter, the Secretary of State shall submit a report to the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on International Relations [now Committee on Foreign Affairs] of the House of Representatives describing the activities carried out under this Act and otherwise describing the condition and status of women and children in Afghanistan and the persons in refugee camps while United States aid is given to displaced Afghans.
"(c) Availability of Funds.—Funds made available under the 2001 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Recovery from and Response to Terrorist Attacks on the United States (Public Law 107–38) [115 Stat. 220], shall be available to carry out this Act."
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- From 14 Sat Dec 2013 to 16 Mon Dec 2013 December 14, 2013 December 16, 2013 Cheeca Lodge & Spa
Islamorada Junior Sailfish Tournament
Recreation for teens in the Florida Keys can mean learning from experienced local captains and mates to tie a bimini or rig ballyhoo. One weekend each year anglers aged 16 and younger can apply such lessons in this competition. A maximum of six anglers is allowed per boat. Proceeds help benefit Toys for Tots of Monroe County. Contact Tammie Gurgiolo at 305-240-9337 or e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com.

subset: commoncrawl


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Extensive snowsure high altitude skiing with lively village atmosphere.
High in the Paznaun valley in the heart of the stunning Silvretta mountains, the fashionable, alpine village of Ischgl presents some of the best skiing in Austria. An efficient high altitude lift system and beautiful scenery make Ischgl a true paradise for skiers. Renowned for its superb après ski, Ischgl is a lively and compact village with a wide choice of beckoning bars and nightspots. Galtür is a pretty and unspoilt little village with its own 40km ski area and linked to neighbouring Ischgl by a frequent bus service, free with the lift pass. Galtür is a pretty little village nestling deep in the heart of the beautiful Paznaun valley. With its own 40km ski area and linked to the magnificent Ischgl region by a frequent bus service (free with the whole area lift pass), it is ideal for beginners and guests who enjoy superbly groomed and uncrowded slopes.
10/10 place... everything about it is amazing!! The Skiing was the best I have ever done before. Great snow and... read full
We spent a week in February and returned again for Christmas. The town is lovely and has lots for those that enj... read full
Après Ski Ischgl has some of the best après ski in the Alps. There are a wide range of bars and nightclubs (many are part of resort hotels) as well as special events throughout the season. The Trofan Alms has been named the #1 Aprés ski bar in the world on several occasions and it's neighbour, The Schatzi Bar, is famous for it's bar tops dancers in their own very short version of the traditional Dirndl. Also ty: · Pacha Nightclub (Hotel Madlein) · Feuer & Eis · Kuhstahl · American-themed Allegra Bar · Down Under · Kitzloch · Fuchsloch · Tenne Activities · Floodlit tobogganing (7km) · Ice skating · Curling · 50km winter walks · Leisure centre with indoor pool, steam baths & sauna · Bowling · Indoor tennis · Sleigh rides Eating out Ischgl has a good range of restaurants, with a mixture of themes ranging from traditional to Mexican, fine dining to pizza. Try: · Salz & Pfeffer · Grill Alm · La Bamba · Goldener Adler · Trofana Alm · Kitzloch (for fondue) Other amenities · Banks · Shops · Museum
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"Just home from Christmas in Val d'Isere... this was the best ski holiday I have ever been on. Val is stunning, the hotel fabulous, staff sensational and skiing out of this world. We booked through Iglu. They were fantastic. Peter had great ski knowledge, offered advice and went the extra mile. " - Pamela (Dec 2015)


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A new recycling method developed by scientists at the Critical Materials Institute, a U.S. Department of Energy Innovation Hub led by the Ames Laboratory, recovers valuable rare-earth magnetic material from manufacturing waste and creates useful magnets out of it. Efficient waste-recovery methods for rare-earth metals are one way to reduce demand for these limited mined resources.
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Karl A. Gschneidner and fellow scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory have created a new magnetic alloy—a potential replacement for high-performance permanent magnets found in automobile engines and wind turbines--eliminates the use of one of the scarcest and costliest rare earth elements, dysprosium, and instead uses cerium, the most abundant rare earth.
"The textbook said we should see slow, gradual and random. But what we saw? BOOM! Fast, explosive and organized!" said Michael Tringides, physicist at the U.S. Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory and a professor of physics and astronomy at Iowa State University.
Tringides is talking about the unusual atom movement he saw when they dropped a few thousand lead atoms onto a flat, smooth lead-on-silicon surface, all at low temperatures, and looked at an area just one-twentieth the width of a human hair
Iver Anderson, Ames Laboratory senior metallurgist, has been named a 2015 Fellow of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS). Anderson is one of six new Society members who have earned the highest award bestowed by TMS, which recognizes members for their outstanding contributions to the practice of metallurgy, materials science, and technology. The 2015 Fellows were recognized at the 144th TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition held March 15–19, 2015.
The Critical Materials Institute, a U.S. Department of Energy Innovation Hub led by the Ames Laboratory, has created a new chemical process that makes use of the widely available rare-earth metal cerium to improve the manufacture of nylon. The process uses a cerium-based material made into nanometer-sized particles with a palladium catalyst to produce cyclohexanone, a key ingredient in the production of nylon. Traditional methods of producing cyclohexanone involve high temperatures and high pressure, and necessitate the use of hydrogen.


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We've all heard of urban legends and weird things on the Internet; however, most of us dismiss
them as just that, legends. The Red Room, a Japanese interactive horror flash video, takes advantage of our skepticism in a unique, and scary, way.
In the flash video, two friends talk about a rumor of an Internet pop-up that asks, Do you like-
What makes this pop-up different than all the other pop-ups on the internet is that if you close this one, you will die. One of them is skeptical of the legend starts to search for it himself; however, after failing to turn up any information about it, he gives up and goes back to surfing the net as usual. A short time later a message pops up on his screen asking Do you like–? It starts to automatically
reload and the voice becomes mangled until the boy realizes the question has changed to, So you like
red? The boy keeps trying to close the pop-up until the message changes again to, Do you like the
red room? Then, a website with a list of people who have died after seeing the message loads on his computer screen, with his name at the bottom.
The best part of this video is that after it has finished playing, the pop-up appears on your screen. It doesn't take long for you to figure out what is going on, but for that brief moment it just might make you catch your breath.


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The first woman ever elected to both the U.S. Senate and the House of Representatives -- and who stood up to red-baiting Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy in 1950, before anyone else dared to -- came from tiny Skowhegan, Maine. A fellow Skowhegan native and distant relative of Senator Smith's reflects on the inspiration she provided to kids from rural towns across Maine through her courage and quiet dignity. MPBN marketing and communications manager Louis Morin talks about his impulsive decision to ask her to accompany him to his government class after a high school assembly and how to his great surprise, she accepted. (Photos used in the this segment are courtesy of the Margaret Chase Smith Library).
MPBN Producer Barbara Noyes Pulling talks about the challenge of telling the story of Bangor's illustrious past as the "Lumber Capital of the World" in a way that it hadn't been widely told before. In combing through the archival images from this era of the mid-to-late 1800's, she saw photos depicting Bangor buildings of that day that look little like those we see there now. Then the answer becomes obvious -- the 1911 fire that charred 55 acres and destroyed 300 buildings in, the worst disaster in Bangor's history, brought home the necessity of finding more durable and less fire-prone materials, giving rise to the granite and brick structures that dominate today's architecture in Bangor.
MPBN videographer Nick Woodward talks about the impression Larry Ross, the owner and operator of the Lindbergh Crate Museum in Canaan, Maine, had on him after Nick shot the video for this segment of Maine Experience. He salutes Ross for recognizing that the wooden crate in which Lindbergh's Spirit of St. Louis had been shipped back to America was more than "just a box" and had the potential to be more than simply an historical artifact -- Nick explains how Mr. Ross uses it as a teaching and motivational tool to show schoolchildren who visit the Lindbergh Crate Museum how to achieve anything they can dream of.
MPBN editor Heidi Perkins first sets up the Maine Experience segment on Neal Dow, the former Portland mayor seen as this country's "father of prohibition" before describing the process of editing together this video segment of the program in collaboration with Executive Producer Chris Sweet. Heidi offers an insider's take on the production process -- if you've ever wondered how the pieces you see on MPBN go from idea to raw footage and images to completed product, this Maine Experience "web extra" should offer some insight.
When Malaga Island off the coast of Phippsburg was seized by the state government in 1911 and its residents evicted, it marked the end of a unique mixed-race settlement that had existed there for over 50 years. Producer Anita Clearfield talks about her desire to see more done to bring this story to new generations of Mainers, most of whom are unfamiliar with Malaga's history.
You know those Hollywood movie scenes where it's supposed to be snowing, but the snow isn't real and it's probably 85 degrees on the set? This isn't about one of those scenes. This segment, featuring segment producer Anita Clearfield, is about shooting the "Morning in Winter" segment of Maine Experience on a very real, very frigid Maine winter day. The idea was to accurately portray what a typical Maine winter morning was like over a hundred years ago and the crew and actors got a bit more reality in that regard than they bargained for. Fortunately the soapstone bedwarmers of the day used in the piece were also real, and they were put to use by the crew to warm something else entirely.
The Norlands Living History Center in Livermore employs local residents to re-enact the 19th century Maine farming life. From lugging in pails of water from a hand pump to chopping the wood to heat the cooking stove, schoolchildren and tourists alike can get a real sense of how hard people back then needed to work in order to survive. Maine Experience segment producer Eric Bunford describes some of the scenes that he videotaped for the Norlands segment and offers some insight into just how seriously these actors take their portrayals of life in the 1800's.
Shooting video on an island involves negotiating logistical concerns that go beyond the ferry schedule. For one, weather (and in particular, fog) is always a concern. Whereas a mainland shoot can always be rescheduled, the challenge of lugging all that equipment out on a boat might mean shooting anyway on a day you'd rather not. MPBN videographer Chad Diamond recalls some of the other hurdles that needed to be overcome in shooting the Maine Experience segment on Seguin Island, such as getting underwater footage and coordinating a shoot on one of the two days every year that the tramway featured in the segment is operational.
Maine Experience editor Mike McDade talks in general terms about the challenge of editing several hours of video into a short, coherent story before discussing the particular challenges he faced in combing through a gold mine of footage from the creation of Wyman Dam in Bingham in the late 1920's. The film footage from the dam's construction was used to assemble a story about the history of Central Maine Power (commonly known as CMP) and its forceful, energetic founder, Walter Wyman, who created one of Maine's biggest companies by first buying a small generator on Messalonskee Stream in 1899 that served about a hundred customers.
When the descendants of Winslow Homer gave his modest studio on Prout's Neck to the Portland Museum of Art, the museum's curators decided to leave it intact exactly as Homer had left it. Maine Experience executive producer Chris Sweet talks about the challenges of shooting video in such a tiny space, the treasure trove of artifacts left behind by Homer, and the sense of awe that he and MPBN videographer Chad Diamond felt shooting video in the studio where some of America's most famous artistic works were created. Get the story behind the shooting of some of the scenes in the Maine Experience segment about Homer's time on Prout's Neck.
Funding for production of Maine Experience was provided in part by: Elsie Viles, Cynthia Crocker, the Richard Bresnahan Family, Harry and Susan Konkel, the Borman Family Foundation, Henrietta Farnum Stewart, Randy Phelps and Pamela Daley, the Roy A. Hunt Foundation, Judith and Joe Kaminski and Calista L. Harder.
Founded by the University of Maine System and Colby, Bates and Bowdoin Colleges.


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Real Estate Management and Development
Company Overview of LeFrak Organization Inc.
Executive Profile
Richard S. LeFrak
Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer, LeFrak Organization Inc.
|Total Calculated Compensation
|This person is connected to 2 Board Members in 2 different organizations across 5 different industries.
See Board Relationships
Mr. Richard S. LeFrak has been the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of LeFrak Organization Inc. since 2003 and its President since 1975. Mr. LeFrak serves as the Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer of LeFrak Organization Inc. He joined the LeFrak Organization in 1968. He has 35 years of experience in the development, rehabilitation and marketing of real estate as well as his long-standing relationships within the business, political and ...
Corporate Headquarters
40 West 57th StreetPhone: 212-708-6600
New York, New York 10019
United States
Fax: 212-708-6641
Board Members Memberships
Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer
Unknown/Other Education 1967
Amherst College
Honorary Doctorate 1998
Amherst College
Columbia University
Other Affiliations
Annual CompensationThere is no Annual Compensation data available.
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May 6, 2016
Police say a man who was out on probation shot two people in Kinston two weeks ago, killing one of them.
Kinston police have charged Desmond Pearson with the murder of 18-year-old Jahad Moore and the wounding of 24-year-old Jacoby Riddick.
Authorities say Pearson is a validated gang member.
Officers said they got a call of shots fired at the intersection of East Street and Washington Street on April 12th, and found two victims.
Pearson was charged with the shootings while he was an inmate at the Wayne County jail. Deputies there tell WITN they arrested Pearson Tuesday on charges of possession of a stolen firearm and possession of firearm by a felon after being contacted by Kinston police.
Wayne County investigators could not say if the weapon they found on Pearson in their jurisdiction was the murder weapon from the Kinston shooting.
Pearson was on probation for an assault inflicting serious injury conviction last year in Lenoir County.
The 22-year-old also has unrelated pending charges in Lenoir County for assault with serious bodily injury, common law robbery, possession of a firearm by a felon and possession of stolen goods or property.
He is now in the Lenoir County jail under no bond.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


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Dolci Napoli - Neapolitan Songs by Cannio, Vian, Russo, D'Esposito, Roven, Bovio, Nardella et al. / Charles Castronovo, tenor
1 CD / GPR Records / 2013-01-29Works: Rodolfo Falvo: Guapparia; Dicitencello vuie; Enrico Cannio: O surdato 'nnammurato; Antonio Vian: Luna rossa, for voice & orchestra; Eduardo di Capua: Ah! Maria, Marì, song for voice & piano (or ...
Performers: Castronovo, Charles
Ensemble: Sweet Nectar
Of Dolci Napoli, one of Charlie's biggest fans says; 'Charlie's talent and dedication has earned him much success and I believe his debut album of...continue...
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GTTV takes it back to 1776 with exclusive new gameplay from Assassin's Creed III, and an all-new Wii U interview with Reggie Fils-Aime.
Aired: 09/28/2012
GTTV joins Master Chief's reemergence for all-new Halo 4 exclusives, including campaign reveals, an unseen multiplayer map, and the debut of a new War Games mode, Dominion.
Aired: 09/21/2012
GTTV uncovers the declassified secrets of Fuse in a blow-out gameplay premiere of Insomniac Games' next big franchise.
Aired: 09/14/2012
GTTV rides with true trailblazers this week, witnessing Media Molecule's PS Vita magic and Turn 10's wild turn with Forza Horizon.
Aired: 09/7/2012
GTTV visits Valve to learn everything about Steam's upcoming expansions, the company's foray into documentary production, and Gabe Newell's future visions.
Aired: 08/17/2012
GTTV explores the dark boundaries of morality this week with exclusive Dishonored environments, Michael Pachter's Wii U assessments, and mind-controlled cat ears.
Aired: 08/3/2012
GTTV braves exclusive new areas of Borderlands 2, the multiplayer battlefield of Transformers: Fall of Cybertron, and the fanatic masses of Vidcon.
Aired: 07/13/2012
Brand new Tomb Raider gameplay is revealed, Combat Facts! tests reload speeds, and GTech makes video game home movies.
Aired: 06/22/2012
GTTV presents unedited gameplay from the Dead Space 3 demo, previously shown only behind closed doors at E3.
Aired: 06/15/2012
Now that E3 2012 is officially over, we turn our eyes to Next Gen. Epic Games gives GTTV the first-ever look at Unreal Engine 4.
Aired: 06/8/2012
E3 begins on GTTV with the Star Wars 1313 announcement and new trailers from Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance, Tomb Raider, Guardians of Middle-Earth, Castlevania: Lords of Shadow 2, and Dishonored.
Aired: 06/1/2012
GTTV caps off the week with exclusive gameplay of Far Cry 3, the world premiere of The Amazing Spider-Man's next trailer, and new reveals from Sly Cooper: Thieves in Time.
Aired: 05/18/2012
Exclusive gameplay from Transformers: Fall of Cybertron, the premiere of Batman: Arkham City DLC, Harley Quinn's Revenge, more Combat Facts!, new Madden NFL 13, and more
Aired: 05/11/2012
Rockstar Games talks about Max's latest journey.
Aired: 05/4/2012
In this episode: exclusive new action from the Medal of Honor Warfighter, the gameplay premiere of NCAA Football 13, and brand new footage of 5th Cell's Hybrid.
Aired: 04/13/2012
GTTV goes inside the explosive success of YouTube maestro-madman Freddie Wong. Plus, exclusive Prototype 2 footage, Mega64's newest video, and more on this week's GTTV!
Aired: 04/6/2012


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Rembrandt, the world's most popular soft pastels,have an unsurpassed purity and intensity. Rembrandt Pastels are made from the best quality, finely ground, pure pigments in an extra-fine kaolin clay binder. They contain no hard bits or sharp edges.
Color Swatch created using heavy to light application and was applied on 100 lb (163 gsm) drawing paper material.
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Yellow Ochre has excellent permanence because ochres are some of the most permanent pigments available.
Yellow Ochre is non-toxic unless it contains manganese.
Ochre comes from the Greek word ochros, meaning pale yellow. It was one of the first pigments to be used by human beings, and evidence of its use has been found at 300,000 year old sites in France and the former Czechoslovakia.
Chamois, Iron Yellow, Mars Orange, Mars Yellow, Minette, Ochre, Sil, Yellow Earth, Yellow Oxide. Varieties of Yellow Ochre include Brown Ochre, Flesh Ochre, Roman Ochre, Spruce Ochre, and Transparent Gold Ochre.
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Literature Cited
Bennett Spring Trout Park Task Force Committee. Revised 1992. Stream Management Plan for Bennett Spring State Park. 30 pp.
Borges, H. M. 1950. Fish distribution studies, Niangua Arm of the Lake of the Ozarks, Missouri. 33pp.
Bovee, K. 1982. A guide to stream habitat analysis using the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology. Information Paper No. 12.
Brown, C. E., and T. P. Ronk. 1983. Fiery Fork State Forest Area Plan. Forestry Division. Missouri Department of Conservation. 23 pp.
Colvin, M. A., and F. W. Vasey. 1986. A method of qualitatively assessing white crappie populations in Missouri reservoirs. Pages 79-85 in G. E. Hall and M. J. Van Den Avyle, editors. Reservoir Fisheries Management and Strategies for the 80's. American Fisheries Society, Southern Division, Reservoir Committee, Bethesda, Maryland.
Cummings, K. S. and C. A. Mayer. 1992. Field guide to freshwater mussels of the Midwest. Manual 5, Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Ill. 194 pp.
Currier, M. P. 1989. Missouri Natural Features Inventory: Dallas, Greene, Hickory, Polk, and Webster Counties. Natural History Section, Missouri Department of Conservation. 181 pp.
Currier, M. P. 1991. Missouri Natural Features Inventory: Camden, Cole, Cooper, Gasconade, Maries, Miller, Moniteau, Morgan, and Osage Counties. Natural History Section, Missouri Department of Conservation. 266 pp.
Duchrow, R. M. 1984. Water Quality survey of the Osage River Basin, 1975-76. Missouri Department of Conservation. D-J Project S-19R-29, Study W-7, Job No. 1, Final Report. 356 pp.
Environmental Science and Engineering Incorporated. 1991. Niangua River Water Quality and Fisheries Survey. 116 pp.
FERC. 1994. Order issuing new license. Show-Me Power Corporation Project #2561-003.
Funk, J. L., and G. G. Fleener. 1966. Evaluation of a year-round open fishing season upon an Ozark smallmouth bass stream, Niangua River, Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation. 21 pp.
Harvey, E.J., J. Skelton, and D. E. Miller. 1983. Hydrology of carbonate terrane - Niangua, Osage Fork, and Grandglaze Basins, Missouri. 132 pp.
Jones, JR. and M. S. Kaiser. 1988. Limnological characteristics of Lake of the Ozarks, Missouri II. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 23: 976-984.
Jones, Y., R. Blatz, D. Patterson, W. Wittmeyer, and D. Rhoades. Under review. Area Plan, Fiery Fork Conservation Area. 32 pp.
Leach, M. K., and L. Ross (editors). 1995. Midwest Oak Ecosystems Recovery Plan: A Call to Action. Midwest Oak Savanna and Woodland Ecosystems Conference. Springfield, Missouri. 112 pp.
McCarty, Ken. 1995. Natural History and Management Summary for Turkey Pen Hollow Savanna Area - Ha Ha Tonka State Park. 14 pp.
Mitzelfelt, J. D. 1985. Limnological characteristics on the main channel and near shore areas of Lake of the Ozarks, Missouri. (Masters Thesis, University of Missouri, Columbia).
MDA. 1995. County Agrifacts for Camden, Dallas, Hickory, Laclede, and Webster Counties. Missouri Agriculture Statistics Service, Missouri Department of Agriculture. 4 pp.
MDA. 1995. 1995 Missouri Farm Facts. Missouri Department of Agriculture and United States Department of Agriculture. 74 pp.
MDC. 1980. Missouri's Forest Resource - an assessment. 59 pp.
MDC. 1996. Conservation of aquatic organisms: a policy statement for preserving genetic, species, and ecosystem integrity when stocking aquatic species.
MDC. 1998. Missouri Species of Conservation Concern Checklist, June1998.
MDH. 1994. Missouri Department of Health 1994 Fish Advisory.
MDH. 1996. Missouri Department of Health 1996 Fish Advisory.
MDNR. 1995. Computer printout from Water Pollution Control Program, 1/10/95.
MDNR. 1996. Unpublished updates to the 1984 Missouri water quality basin plans.
MDNR. 1984. Missouri water quality basin plans. Missouri Department of Natural Resources. Division of Geology and Land Survey. 102 pp.
MDNR. 1986. Missouri Water Atlas. 97 pp.
MoCSR. 1991. Rules of Department of Natural Resources. Division 20-Clean
Water Commission. Chapter 7-Water Quality. (as revised October 1, 1993).
Norman, D. E. 1994. Headwater Diversion Basin Inventory and Management Plan. Missouri Department of Conservation. 112 pp.
Nelson, P. W. 1985. The Terrestrial Natural Communities of Missouri. 197 pp.
Oesch, R. D. 1984. Missouri naiades: a guide to the mussels of Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City. 270 pp.
Pflieger, W. L. 1971. A distributional study of Missouri fishes. Pages 225-570 in University of Kansas Publications; Museum of Natural History. Vol 20, No. 3. Lawrence.
Pflieger, W. L. 1975. The Fishes of Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation, Columbia. 343 pp.
Pflieger, W. L. 1978. Distribution, status, and life history of the Niangua darter, E. Nianguae. Aquatic Series #16. Missouri Department of Conservation. 25 pp.
Pflieger, W. L., P. S. Haverland, and M. A. Schene, Jr. 1981. Missouri's system for storage, retrieval, and analysis of stream resource data. Paper presented at the Symposium on Acquisition and Utilization of Aquatic Inventory Information (Portland, Oregon, October 28-30, 1981).
Pflieger, W. L. 1989a. Aquatic Community Classification System for Missouri - Series # 19. Missouri Department of Conservation. 69 pp.
Pflieger, W. L. 1989b. Aquatic Community Classification System for Missouri -Series # 19 supplement. Missouri Department of Conservation. 70 pp.
Pflieger, W. L. 1989c. A recovery plan for the Niangua darter (E. nianguae). Missouri Department of Conservation. 37 pp.
Pflieger, W. L. 1996. The crayfishes of Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation. 152 pp.
Ryan, J. 1992. Missouri Natural Features Inventory: Phelps, Pulaski, and Laclede Counties. Natural History Section, Missouri Department of Conservation. 166 pp.
Schroeder, W. A. 1983. Presettlement Prairie of Missouri. Natural History Series No. 2. Missouri Department of Conservation. 35 pp.
Skelton, J. 1976. Missouri stream and springflow characteristics, low-flow frequency and flow duration. Water Resource Report number 32. 71 pp.
Skinner, G. "Boone." 1979. The Big Niangua River. 200 pp.
Smale, M. A., C. F. Rabeni, and E. B. Nelson. 1995. Fish and invertebrate communities of the upper Niangua River in relation to water quality and riparian conditions. A progress report submitted to the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Water Quality Division. 211 pp.
Smith, W. B. 1990. Timber resources of Missouri's Northwest Ozarks. United States Department of Agriculture. Forest Service. North Central Forest Experiment Station. Land Use Data. 44 pp.
Stoner, G. A. 1999. Management Plan for Lake of the Ozarks. (Draft)
Stoner, G. A. 1992. Corridor Plan for Fiery Fork State Forest. Missouri Department of Conservation. 10 pp.
USDA. 1992. Census of agriculture: Missouri state and county data. Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
USGS. 1974. Technique for Estimating the Magnitude and Frequency of Missouri Floods. Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri State Highway Department and U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. 20 pp.
USGS. 1993. Computer printout of water quality data for 23 stations in the Niangua River watershed, 12/22/93. United States Geological Survey. Water Resources. Rolla, Missouri.
Vandike, J. E. 1992. The Hydrogeology of the Bennett Spring Area, Laclede, Dallas, Webster, and Wright Counties. Water Resources Report # 38. Division of Geology and Land Survey, Missouri Department of Natural Resources. 112 pp.
Vineyard, J. D. and G. L. Feder. 1982. Springs of Missouri, including the fauna of Missouri springs by W.L. Pflieger and the flora of Missouri's springs by R.G. Lipscomb. Missouri Department of Natural Resources in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey and the Missouri Department of Conservation. 267 pp.
Weithman, A. S. 1991. Recreational use and economic value of Missouri fisheries. Missouri Department of Conservation. D-J Project F-1-R-40, Study SI-1. Jefferson City, Missouri. 37 pp.
Williams, J. E., and J. E. Johnson, D. A. Hendrickson, S. Contera-Baldenas, J. D. Williams, M. Navarro-Mendoza, D. E. McAllister, and J. E. Deacon. 1989. Fishes of North America endangered, threatened, or of special concern: 1989. Fisheries (14)6: 2-20.


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Robert Pattison, Ashley Greene and other "Twilight" stars on the Breaking Dawn: Part 2 red carpet
We already took a look at Kristen Stewart's revealing flesh-toned Zuhair Murad gown she wore to the "Twilight: Breaking Dawn Part 2″ premiere last night in Los Angeles. Now let's take a look at the other cast members, including leading … Continue reading


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Have a superhero themed Halloween with our Sexy Batgirl Sequin Corset. This Batman outfit includes a sequin corset with a classic yellow bat logo in the center. The top features a flattering sweetheart neckline.. Batman is Gotham City's greatest defender. He also teams up with awesome sidekicks like Batgirl, whom you can emulate with this bat-corset. You can take your look in one of two directions. For sexy looks, opt for women's accessories like high heels, wigs, and superhero jewelry. For a more action-ready look, find superhero accessories like a utility belt, boots, gloves, mask, and a cape. You can be a more brilliant savior of Gotham with superhero accessories like a utility belt, leggings, a cape, hero mask, high heels, and gloves. Create a complete costume or simply pair it with jeans for a sexy outfit wiht a costume flare.
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Nicely done! Don't forget to rate any tutorial threads you appreciate, and rep accordingly!
-Rob A>
I did it, I made something I am proud of and plan to use!
It started with a Tut, A simple a nice Tut...I like the word Tut..
Thanks to this man right here, I downloaded gimp for the first time, and went to town!
Is the outcome...
I went with something VERY simple, and then once I felt comfortable on my perch. I jumped off the cliff and prayed I could fly. I found out that when just doodleing with snap to grid on it made a nice squiggle effect, I used this to make trees. Then, experimented with the right color shades to be able to reflect grass from tree's without the use of shadows.
Lastly I added colored floors for the building, making this what I am calling a Neo-Classic map! I am just so proud of myself right now!
Sometimes when I feel really alone, I think about how aggravating it would be to have the company of an idiot. Then, everything is okay.
Nicely done! Don't forget to rate any tutorial threads you appreciate, and rep accordingly!
-Rob A>
My tutorials: Using GIMP to Create an Artistic Regional Map ~ All My Tutorials
My GIMP Scripts: Rotating Brush ~ Gradient from Image ~ Mosaic Tile Helper ~ Random Density Map ~ Subterranean Map Prettier ~ Tapered Stroke Path ~ Random Rotate Floating Layer ~ Batch Image to Pattern ~ Better Seamless Tiles ~ Tile Shuffle ~ Scale Pattern ~ Grid of Guides ~ Fractalize path ~ Label Points
My Maps: Finished Maps ~ Challenge Entries ~ My Portfolio: www.cartocopia.com
Looks like a little church of some kind...I can't wait to pillage it with my mates and steal the gold. I mean come for a nice visit and pray respectfully. Clean and simple is highly under-done these days so I say nice job.
If the radiance of a thousand suns was to burst at once into the sky, that would be like the splendor of the Mighty One...I am become Death, the Shatterer of worlds.
-J. Robert Oppenheimer (father of the atom bomb) alluding to The Bhagavad Gita (Chapter 11, Verse 32)
My Maps ~ My Brushes ~ My Tutorials ~ My Challenge Maps
It's the little balance scale icon under a person's name, just click it on their initial post.
Royal: I'm very sorry for your loss, your mother was a terribly attractive woman.
My Cartographer's Guild maps: Finished Maps
More maps viewable at my DeviantArt page: Ramah-Palmer DeviantArt
That's a good start!
and that's a great way of doing trees, I hadn't thought of anything along those lines.
My finished maps
"...sometimes the most efficient way to make something look drawn by hand is to simply draw it by hand..."
Thanks for the rep. I'm really glad it came in useful - and that's a nice clear map you've got there. Now with that under your belt you're well set to cut a swathe through the forums
Good job.
It looks good. Only thing I would change is to strengthen the grid lines. I have played many miniature games both casually and competitively, and the biggest complaint I have heard is difficult to see grid lines.
Otherwise, well done!
Daniel the Neon Knight: Campaign Cartographer User
Never use a big word when a diminutive one will suffice!
Any questions on CC3? Post them with CC3 in the Subject Line!
MY 'FAMOUS' CC3 MAPS: Thunderspire; Pyramid of Shadows; King of the Trollhaunt Warrens; Demon Queen's Enclave
Sometimes when I feel really alone, I think about how aggravating it would be to have the company of an idiot. Then, everything is okay.


text: Now a must-have in any stainless-steel flatware collection, our espresso spoon does more than just stir sugar into a freshly pulled shot of espresso. Designed to compliment the smaller demitasse cup and saucer, this new spoon has expanded its usefulness to stir milk or cream into tea and after-dinner coffee. The composition of 18/10 stainless steel offers the gleam of silver and the durability of steel. Dishwasher safe and tarnish-proof. 4-1/4" long. Imported. Set of four. A Williams-Sonoma exclusive


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The Maryland State Cup Draw will be held on Saturday, February 22, 2014, at Michael's 8th Avenue, 7720 Grayburn Drive, Ferndale, MD from 12:00pm - 2:00pm. This event is open to all individual team officials who wish to attend; however it is important to note that each club playing in the Maryland State Cup is required to send a representative from their club and is responsible for disseminating information presented at the draw to their club teams that are participating in the 2014 Maryland State Cup. Additionally, the club representative will be responsible for delivering state cup match balls to all of the club teams that do not have a team representative present. All age divisions will be holding their individual draws simultaneously of each other. Although this change will allow for a more streamline and efficient draw, a club representative will not be able to attend all of the age division draws at one time. As such, attendance by team representatives are not mandatory but highly encouraged as the draw for all age groups will be held concurrently.
It is important to note that per the 2014 Maryland State Cup Rules, "each participating team must be represented at the Cup Draw by a Team Official listed on their roster, their designee, or the State Cup Club Representative for their club. Teams not represented will be subject to a $200 fine, which must be paid within one week of the Cup Draw."


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Various friends and acquaintances have been updating me recently on their experiences flying safely with their camera gear since the new airline rules about carry-on luggage. It seems for the most part, providing their needs aren't excessive (ie. providing they didn't try to take as much as they could before all the changes) they have been able to successfully fly with their precious camera and maybe a lens or two.
It seems though that officials are taking a very good look at all electronic gear, including your photography kit, having you unpack it all, in some cases swabbing it, so do plan on taking a little longer than your friends if you cart in half your studio. This is not the time to be getting there five minutes before boarding!
A couple of people have tried to order hard cases at their normal suppliers and found them out of stock.
The strangest report I have heard is from David Honl where they overlooked his camera gear to inspect his hotdogs, heh.
Added: Excellent discussion over at this post and in the comments, especially the tip to check your insurance small print as it seems some insurance policies DO NOT cover camera equipment checked in the hold!
So, have you flown lately? Planning to? Share your experiences here in the comments please.
Technorati Tags: airline, flying, security, carry, on, luggage, rules, cameras, equipment, electronics, news


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this wiki
|This article or section needs to be cleaned up to meet the standards of GTA Wiki
- "Grove Street - Home. At least it was before I fucked everything up."
- — Carl Johnson
"In The Beginning" is the introductory cutscene of Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, which introduces the main characters and establishes the storyline.
Carl "CJ" Johnson leaves Liberty City for Los Santos, after receiving a call from his brother, Sean "Sweet" Johnson, telling him that their mother Beverly is dead following a drive-by shooting by Ballas gang members attempting to kill Sean.
Upon arriving in Los Santos, Carl catches a taxi. However, he is pulled over by a C.R.A.S.H. team led by Officer Frank Tenpenny, with Officers Eddie Pulaski and Jimmy Hernandez assisting. After being carted away in their police car for allegedly carrying drug money, Carl learns that C.R.A.S.H. is framing him for the murder of Officer Ralph Pendelbury, who had only been murdered ten minutes ago by Jimmy Hernandez (an event depicted during The Introduction). Now blackmailed for a crime he didn't commit, Carl is forced to aid C.R.A.S.H. whenever the need arises, but not before C.R.A.S.H. ditches Carl in an alleyway in Jefferson, Ballas territory.
With a BMX nearby, Carl must make his way back to his old home in Grove Street.
Tutorial objectives
No actual mission takes place after the cutscene, but the game does instruct the player to:
- Get familiar with the controls, and mount the bicycle.
- Follow the blip on the map to the "CJ" icon, Carl's Mom's House on Grove Street.
At this point the player is free to ignore the directions given by the game, and play as they wish if they so choose.
Getting familiar
After the introductory cinematic scene, CJ is in an alleyway in Jefferson (the territory of the Ballas, a rival gang), with $350 and no weapons. As there is no immediate danger to CJ's safety, it's advisable for the player to take a few moments to familiarize themselves with the controls, the pause options, and the Radar. Once comfortable, mount the BMX with the blue cone marker hovering over it.
Pedaling your way home
Follow the roads to "CJ" icon on the map. It is southeast of the starting location. It is advisable to read the bicycling tips that pop-up as the player rides, especially if this is their first time playing the game.
Optionally, before heading for the map icon, the player can take a detour for extra items. After mounting the bike, leave the alley and go around the corner on the left to the red building, Jefferson Motel. Climb the stairs to find a MP5 on the roof. Continue on the way to the map icon, but look beneath the bridge overpass near Carl's Mom's House for Armour and a Micro SMG. There's also a Pistol in a back-yard nearby, a shovel in Ryder's backyard, and a Tec-9 on Sweet's roof.
Enter the Grove Street cul-de-sac, and walk into the round red mission marker to begin Big Smoke (Mission).
- In the PC version, if the host computer is not running around 25-30 frames per second, Tenpenny will drive on before the train has finished crossing, causing the car to pass through the train.
- The police car driven by Tenpenny in the cutscenes is not the same model as regular LSPD police cars. In the PC version, the car does not have specular reflection, causing it to look much darker than normal LSPD police cars.
- During the cutscene at the airport, Carl has a Rockstar Games logo on his suitcase.
- The name of this mission is not usually displayed in game. It can be seen by collecting enough money to buy a safehouse, and saving the game. The save file will display "In The Beginning".
- The area where Carl is stopped by the police is near the alleyway just behind the Johnson House.
- The woman who takes Carl's suitcase at the airport looks different (almost cartoonish) from other pedestrians in the game.
Video walkthroughs
|PC Version - GTASeriesVideos


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