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Automatically updatable security barrier views
From PostgreSQL wiki
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=== How to proceed
== How to proceed ==
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* Must inject <tt>ctid</tt> into view as resjunk. Current code doesn't need it since it passes the old tuple to the view instead of trigger instead.
* Must inject <tt>ctid</tt> into view as resjunk. Current code doesn't need it since it passes the old tuple to the view instead of trigger instead.
Revision as of 10:42, 12 November 2013
Automatically updatable security barrier views
As part of the Row-security work, and as a useful feature on its own, it is desirable to support automatically updatable security_barrier views. Ordinary views are updatable in 9.3, but security_barrier views aren't considered "simple" views and are not updatable.
Status in 9.3
"simple" views are made updatable in 9.3 by flattening the view quals into the outer query. So given:
CREATE TABLE t AS SELECT n AS id, 'secret'||n AS secret FROM generate_series(1,10) n;
CREATE VIEW t_even AS SELECT * FROM t WHERE id % 2 = 0;
CREATE VIEW t_even_sb WITH (security_barrier) AS SELECT * FROM t WHERE id % 2 = 0;
you can update the simple non-security-barrier view, but can also steal values:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION f_leak(text) RETURNS boolean AS $$ BEGIN RAISE NOTICE 'Saw secret=%',$1; RETURN true; END; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql COST 1;
test=> UPDATE t_even SET id = id WHERE f_leak(secret); NOTICE: Saw secret=secret1 NOTICE: Saw secret=secret3 NOTICE: Saw secret=secret5 NOTICE: Saw secret=secret7 NOTICE: Saw secret=secret9 NOTICE: Saw secret=secret2 NOTICE: Saw secret=secret4 NOTICE: Saw secret=secret6 NOTICE: Saw secret=secret8 NOTICE: Saw secret=secret10 UPDATE 5
You can't update the security barrier view at all:
test=> UPDATE t_even_sb SET id = id WHERE f_leak(secret); ERROR: cannot update view "t_even_sb" DETAIL: Security-barrier views are not automatically updatable. HINT: To enable updating the view, provide an INSTEAD OF UPDATE trigger or an unconditional ON UPDATE DO INSTEAD rule.
so there's no secure way to give a user update on only some rows of table. That's something we need for row-security and it's a feature that would be useful for users in general.
Issue with security barrier support
The existing updatable view code relies on flattening a view's quals into the outer query. So with the above example:
UPDATE t_even SET id = id WHERE f_leak(secret);
gets view-expanded into something logically like:
UPDATE (SELECT * FROM t WHERE id % 2 = 0) SET id = id WHERE f_leak(secret)
but the executor doesn't know how to deal with that so it can't be passed through as-is. Instead the subquery gets flattened out, producing:
UPDATE t SET id = id WHERE id % 2 = 0 AND f_leak(secret)
which the executor can deal with, since it's a simple update of a relation. You can see this in the plan:
test=# explain UPDATE t_even SET id = id WHERE f_leak(secret); QUERY PLAN --------------------------------------------------------- Update on t (cost=0.00..31.53 rows=2 width=42) -> Seq Scan on t (cost=0.00..31.53 rows=2 width=42) Filter: (f_leak(secret) AND ((id % 2) = 0)) (3 rows)
See how the f_leak(secret) qual and id % 2 = 0 are at the same level? The executor will tend to pick f_leak(secret) to run first because its COST is artificially low.
This won't work with security-barrier views, since we have to make sure that the predicate id % 2 = 0 filters rows before any are passed to the user-supplied predicate, in this case f_leak(secret). So the current code refuses to operate on security_barrier views.
How automatically updatable views work in 9.3
Automatically updatable views were introduced by Dean Rasheed's code, committed by Tom in a99c42f291421572aef2b0a9360294c7d89b8bc7.
This code extends src/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c, adding functions to:
- get_view_query: Get the _RETURN rule from a view
- view_has_instead_trigger: Check whether there's an INSTEAD trigger that should supersede auto-upd view
- view_is_auto_updatable: Check whether a view is "simple" enough to be auto-upd. Rejects sb views.
- relation_is_updatable: Used by information_schema. Only interesting for real views.
- adjust_view_column_set: Map column permissions from view to sub-table. Only interesting if it is a real view.
- rewriteTargetView: The guts. Rewrite a view into the outer query. It:
- Makes sure the view is auto-updatable with view_is_auto_updatable
- Finds the RTE for the view in the outer query
- Gets the query that defines the view from its _RETURN rule using get_view_query
- Locks the base relation (might be another view)update resnos in the targetlist to refer to columns of the base relation
- Pull up the view (should be merged with optimizer pull-up code if possible):
- Create a new target RTE describing the base rel and add it to the outer query's range table
- Copy the quals to the outer query's qual list, fixing up varnos to point to the new target
- Deal with permissions where view owner != query caller
- Deal with column permissions
- Fix up vars in outer rel to point to vars in new base rel instead of view, using ReplaceVarsFromTargetList (TODO: can we re-use this approach for RLS?)
- Fix up everything else that references the view to point to the new base rel using ChangeVarNodes
- Update resnos from target list to point to cols of base rel (UPDATE / INSERT) only.
- Add the rewritten update/insert/delete, either to the beginning of the list of rewritten queries + rules (for insert) or after (for update/delete).
Also changes fireRIRrules
Notably, this means that the updatable view code doesn't actually add support for updating a view. Instead, it adds support for rewriting simple views to pull their quals up into the outer query and flatten the subquery.
We can't do that for updatable security barrier views.
The path to updatable s.b. views
To support updatable security barrier views we have to support UPDATE directly on a subquery without flattening the query. That's because we must still enforce the order of qual execution imposed by the security_barrier flag on the subquery. Anything else would require implementing a different approach to security barriers and introduce its own problems.
How does updating a join work?
UPDATE ... FROM already supports acting on a join, as does DELETE ... USING.
We need to work out how this is executed, and determine how the update/delete is executed using the join node. Multiple join types are supported:
regress=> explain delete from t using t t2 where t.id = t2.id; QUERY PLAN --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Delete on t (cost=170.85..290.46 rows=7564 width=12) -> Merge Join (cost=170.85..290.46 rows=7564 width=12) Merge Cond: (t.id = t2.id) -> Sort (cost=85.43..88.50 rows=1230 width=10) Sort Key: t.id -> Seq Scan on t (cost=0.00..22.30 rows=1230 width=10) -> Sort (cost=85.43..88.50 rows=1230 width=10) Sort Key: t2.id -> Seq Scan on t t2 (cost=0.00..22.30 rows=1230 width=10) (9 rows)
regress=> explain delete from t using t t2 where t.id = t2.id; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Delete on t (cost=3.25..6.62 rows=100 width=12) -> Hash Join (cost=3.25..6.62 rows=100 width=12) Hash Cond: (t.id = t2.id) -> Seq Scan on t (cost=0.00..2.00 rows=100 width=10) -> Hash (cost=2.00..2.00 rows=100 width=10) -> Seq Scan on t t2 (cost=0.00..2.00 rows=100 width=10) (6 rows)
regress=> SET enable_hashjoin = off; SET regress=> SET enable_mergejoin = off; SET regress=> explain delete from t using t t2 where t.id = t2.id; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Delete on t (cost=0.00..154.25 rows=100 width=12) -> Nested Loop (cost=0.00..154.25 rows=100 width=12) Join Filter: (t.id = t2.id) -> Seq Scan on t (cost=0.00..2.00 rows=100 width=10) -> Materialize (cost=0.00..2.50 rows=100 width=10) -> Seq Scan on t t2 (cost=0.00..2.00 rows=100 width=10) (6 rows)
so it's clearly at least somewhat generic.
How does this work at the code level, though?
CREATE TABLE t2 AS SELECT * FROM t; SET debug_print_plan = on; SET debug_print_parse = on; SET debug_print_rewritten = on; SET client_min_messages = debug; DELETE FROM t USING t2 WHERE t.id = t2.id;
produces [1] - parse, rewrite and plan tree set.
The parse tree shows two range-table entries, one for t and one for t2. They have different :requiredPerms but are otherwise the same. The parse-tree has :commandType 4 (CMD_DELETE)
By contrast, in a simple delete doesn't differ except for :requiredPerms 8.
The diff between the two parse, plan and rewrite trees may be informative.
Parse tree
- :requiredPerms on the first RTE, for t, is 8 for the simple delete, 10 for the join delete. The extra bit, 0x02, is defined in include/nodes/parsenodes.h as #define ACL_SELECT (1<<1).
- :selectedCols on the first RTE has an extra entry 9 in the join delete. This is a resjunk column used to hold the join key?
- :modifiedCols (b) is on the first RTE for both parse trees
- There's a second RTE added by the join plan, for t aliased to t2. Other than the alias it is the same as the first RTE, for the base table.
... and that's it for the parse tree. It looks like it really is a simple delete on a join. The only indication that the target table is the first RTE appears to be that it's RTE index 1.
Rewritten tree
The rewritten tree is the same as the parse tree in both cases; no change.
Plan tree
Here we should see how the planner intends on actually executing this delete.
The costs and estimates are different, but we can ignore that, it's not interesting.
At the top level QUERY node the key entry (thanks RhodiumToad) appears:
:resultRelation 1
where 1 is a RTI.
- In both cases the top node is MODIFYTABLE with identical parameters, the interesting ones being:
:extParam (b) :allParam (b) :operation 4 :canSetTag true :resultRelations (i 1) :resultRelIndex 0
IOW it refers to the result relation(s). It's the same for both the simple and join deletes. To focus on are :resultRelations and resultRelIndex. TODO
There is a HASHJOIN node instead of a SEQSCAN node at the first sublevel of the plan.
The HASHJOIN node has two TARGETENTRY nodes, not just the one for a SEQSCAN. The only differences are :varnoold 2 instead of 1 for the expr of the 2nd node, resno 2 instead of 1, resname is ctid1 instead of ctid. Both are resjunk columns. Under the HASHJOIN are left and right plan trees, each containing a seqscan node. The nested hash op and scans are included under it.
Finally, the join plan adds:
:rowMarks ( {PLANROWMARK :rti 2 :prti 2 :rowmarkId 1 :markType 4 :noWait false :isParent false } :relationOids (o 16387 16402) )
Here :relationOids are for t and t2 respectively.
The :rowMarks clause appears to refer to a FOR UPDATE clause. markType is defined in include/nodes/plannodes.h as RowMarkType. markType 4 is ROW_MARK_REFERENCE /* just fetch the TID */. The comment there says that a rowMark is added for each non-target relation and that if it isn't FOR UPDATE it's flagged ROW_MARK_REFERENCE. So this is the ref to t2, which fits given rti being the index of range table entry 2, t2.
The rowmarkId is for resjunk cols, referring to the unique resjunk col id :resno? If so, it seems to refer to the left side of the join.
In the code
- resultRelation (per RhodiumToad)
- preprocess_targetlist and expand_targetlist in backend/optimizer/prep/preptlist.c.
- src/backend/executor/README.
IRC chat:
<RhodiumToad> ringerc: update is basically planned like this: given update x set a = ... from y where ...; <RhodiumToad> ringerc: it's treated as a query select x.foo, ..., x.bar, x.ctid, ... from x,y where ...; <RhodiumToad> ringerc: where the initial result columsn of the select are matched up to the new row of x <RhodiumToad> ringerc: so fields that don't change are fetched from the old x.* row, and ones that do change just have the new value expression in the select list <RhodiumToad> ringerc: in preptlist, the select list is adjusted to add the necessary entries
Current limitations:
- in preprocess_targetlist an explicit check is made to reject a result_relation that is a subquery.
- heap_form_tuple for the new tuple requires that the tlist be in the same order as the tuple attributes. (Should not affect join).
What's a var? RangeTable? RTE? Attr? See Source Glossary and Tom's Intro to hacking the query planner.
Adding security_barrier support
Doing it cleanly
To add security_barrier support for updatable views we need to teach UPDATE and DELETE to operate on a subquery. This would be very useful for row-security.
This isn't unprecedented; we support UPDATE ... FROM already:
test=# explain UPDATE t SET id = gs.n FROM (SELECT generate_series(1,10)) gs(n) WHERE t.id = gs.n; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Update on t (cost=150.26..247.51 rows=6150 width=70) -> Merge Join (cost=150.26..247.51 rows=6150 width=70) Merge Cond: (gs.n = t.id) -> Sort (cost=64.84..67.34 rows=1000 width=32) Sort Key: gs.n -> Subquery Scan on gs (cost=0.00..15.01 rows=1000 width=32) -> Result (cost=0.00..5.01 rows=1000 width=0) -> Sort (cost=85.43..88.50 rows=1230 width=42) Sort Key: t.id -> Seq Scan on t (cost=0.00..22.30 rows=1230 width=42) (10 rows)
where the root node of the UPDATE is a MergeJoin not a direct table or index scan.
Can that be extended to a SubqueryScan? Robert thinks it probably can.
Prior approaches
The 9.4 RLS patch implements an equivalent feature by internally replacing the RTE_RELATION range-table entry for the RLS-affected table with an RTE_SUBQUERY. It then has to do fixup for resjunk columns (temporary sort keys not output in the final result set, ctid, etc). A bunch of fixups are required to remap Vars and attribute numbers between the base table and the subquery. Additionally, changes are required to teach UPDATE that the relation it is scanning isn't necessarily the same as the relation it is updating.
Dean Rasheed separated the RLS code into a prototype patch to implement updatable s.b. views. This patch has the same issues as RLS.
How to proceed
QUERY * :targetRelation (rti 1) * ModifyTable ** SubqueryScan (rti 2) *** SeqScan (ref rti 1) **** Filter * RangeTable ** RTE_RELATION underlying target-relation ** RTE_SUBQUERY subquery source
here the target relation is still a RTE_RELATION.
See mailing list post with proposed approach
Need to:
- Remove security barrier check in view_query_is_auto_updatable
- Omit/replace/rewrite rewriteTargetView
- After new_rt_index = list_length(parsetree->rtable);, assign new index to parsetree->resultRelation
- Add missing columns (marked resjunk?) to the view subquery plan, so we can see all old values re-used in UPDATE. Can omit any values already being set, but won't bother with that. (TODO: Ensure that this doesn't leak the column values via whole-tuple reference to inner subquery passed to function).
- Delete copying of view targetlist. Should be rewritten in place instead.
- Adapt the per-column permission bits code so it sets the bits in-place on the view query, not on the copy
- Delete all the rest of the flattening code
- Add FOR UPDATE clause to view
Can it really be that easy? Think. This should crash, surely. Yes, it must fail because we haven't injected the ctid into the view, so when the ModifyRelation node is reached it'll fail to find the ctid in the input.
Nope. Fails earlier, because the RTE for the inner query is added at the bottom level, needs to be added at the outer level in order for it to be valid to refer to it in :resultRelation. It must be outside the subquery. Weird, because that looks like what our code does, adds it to the *outer* query.
It looks rather a lot like ApplyRetrieveRule does the work that should gets done for auto-updatable views in rewriteTargetView, and does so more simply. Not quite the same though:
- Need to set write permission checks on updated view cols, so the view owner is checked for the right to update cols via the view
- Need to copy ONLY flag (inheritance) for UPDATE, DELETE
- Need to inject ctid, any cols from base rel not already present in view (as resjunk?)
so rather than ApplyRetrieveRule it looks more like we want to enhance the view expansion rewrite code instead. What causes RewriteQuery to call RewriteTargetView instead of normal view expansion?
Answer appears to be backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c line 2839. We should use the standard view expansion code on this instead, cons it to the product, then set the "instead" flag, replacing RewriteTargetView with the regular view rewriting code. The "view expansion code" is the rules code, since views are internally just _RETURN rules. So how do we handle that - we'd be returning a new SELECT query? Can we wrap that up into a subquery? Isn't that just what RewriteTargetView does - gets the rule and bundles it into a subquery then fixes it up?
View rules have is_instead=1, ev_type=1 (select), and an ev_action.
It looks like rewriteTargetListUD already adds the ctid when the target is a rel. When it's a view, it adds a whole-row reference Var to contain the "old" rows. (How do we get the ctid then? Answer: it doesn't, it passes the "old" row to the INSTEAD OF trigger.)
So, we need to:
- Alter rewriteTargetListUD to inject a reference to ctid down the chain to the base rel of the view. Might be tricky because view expansion is done recursing down the view tree, not up it.
- Ensure that views are expanded as subqueries, not initially flattened. It's fine if the optimizer flattens them later.
- Make sure view permissions checks are honoured still.
- respect ONLY flag for insert/update by turning the view into a SELECT ... FROM ONLY where appropriate. (Is this correct?)
- Must inject ctid into view as resjunk. Current code doesn't need it since it passes the old tuple to the view instead of trigger instead.


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An Islip teen was in court today for allegedly posting a bomb threat on Twitter. Suffolk police say 16-year-old Steven Taggart posted on Twitter that he had a bomb and was going to blow up the Kings Park High School gym. Authorities say the comments stemmed from a rivalry between the Kings Park and Islip high school basketball teams. Students could not attend last night's basketball game because...
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AMA Pro Vance & Hines Harley-Davidson Series Competitors Set for Showdown at Barber this Weekend
NEWS June 20, 2013
Photo by Brian J Nelson
DAYTONA BEACH, Fla. (June 20, 2013) - The leading men of the always-unpredictable AMA Pro Vance & Hines Harley-Davidson Series are preparing to do battle at scenic Barber Motorsports Park in Birmingham, Ala. this weekend.
Early-season form suggests that picking a winner at the Triumph SuperBike Classic presented by America's First Federal Credit Union, the third round on the 2013 GEICO Motorcycle AMA Pro Road Racing calendar, will not be easy. No contender has had a particularly easy go of things in the championship's opening two contests, with mixed results being the order of the day.
Defending champion Michael Barnes (No. 1 Rossmeyer's Harley-Davidson) currently heads the rankings as the H-D pilots desperately jockey for position, each eager to earn one of the ten coveted slots in the XR Showdown, the $60,000 final three-race shootout that determines the year's champion. And even reigning class king Barnes has been forced to claw his way into that spot, having earned it through determination and consistency rather than race-winning domination with third and sixth-place results to his name in '13.
The up-and-down nature of the first two rounds is perhaps best represented by Tyler O'Hara (No. 29 Eco Fuel Saver/Scrubblade). O'Hara is currently ranked second and just two points behind Barnes, despite only being credited with 17th at Road America after suffering mechanical issues while fighting for the podium late in the race.
Daytona winner O'Hara will be eager to make up for last year's trip to Barber Motorsports Park, in which he earned pole position but was narrowly beaten to the checkered flag for the race win on the final lap by rival Kyle Wyman.
While Wyman is no longer focused on the AMA Pro Vance & Hines Harley-Davidson Series, brother Travis Wyman (No. 24 Harv's Harley-Davidson) has done an admirable job upholding the family honor in the class. Travis is third in the points and showed impressive pace at both Daytona and Road America, claiming pole for the season opener and then missing out on the podium by a scant 0.064 seconds in the season's second contest.
Suburban Harley-Davidson's duo of Steve Rapp (No. 5 Suburban Harley-Davison) and Ben Carlson (No. 45 Suburban Harley-Davison) rebounded from their double Daytona disaster (DNF for Rapp, DQ for Carlson) in ideal fashion at their team's home round in Wisconsin last time out.
Rapp pulled an improbable 'one and won' Sunday, in which he turned up at the track on race day, qualified on the front row in less-than-ideal conditions, and then stormed off to an easy victory.
Carlson, meanwhile, impressed his home fans by handing the team a 1-2 result, fending off Barnes by 0.001 seconds at the checkered flag to finish second.
One-time class winner Shane Narbonne (No. 46 Mob Racing) will look to get his season on-track at Barber Motorsports Park this weekend. Narbonne appeared to be in line for a top-five result at the circuit a year ago before crashing out of the fight for the podium late in the race.
Barrett Long (No. 2 Longevity Racing) is another rider to keep an eye on this weekend. Long currently sits seventh in the points on the strength of 13th and 7th-place runs.
With no rider having yet taken a firm grip on the class and only three races remaining to earn a place in the XR Showdown, this weekend's results are absolutely critical. Expect the race action to reflect that reality.
AMA Pro Live will be live streaming multiple channels of behind-the-scenes video of the weekend's activities alongside Live Timing & Scoring. AMA Pro Live puts fans in the director's chair, allowing them to choose from a variety of viewpoints including track cameras, paddock cameras and a press conference channel. Streaming will begin with coverage of the weekend's practice and qualifying sessions on Friday, June 21 at 1:00 p.m. ET/10:00 a.m. PT at http://www.amaprolive.com.
All weekend long, stay connected with GEICO Motorcycle AMA Pro Road Racing on social media at http://twitter.com/AMAProSBK and http://www.facebook.com/AMAProRoadRacing.
About GEICO Motorcycle AMA Pro Road Racing:
GEICO Motorcycle AMA Pro Road Racing is the premier motorcycle road racing series in North America and is universally regarded as one of the most competitive road racing organizations in the world. The 2013 schedule consists of nine rounds of competition on the country's finest road courses. The Series is comprised of four production-based classes: AMA Pro National Guard SuperBike, AMA Pro GoPro Daytona SportBike, AMA Pro Motorcycle-Superstore.com SuperSport and the AMA Pro Vance & Hines Harley-Davidson Series. Learn more about GEICO Motorcycle AMA Pro Road Racing at www.amaproracing.com/rr/.


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Hippity Hoppity, here comes Easter and all the bunnies pals. A cute little kit to use for all your Easter photos!
Contains : 29 papers, bead string, 2 bows, bud, 3 bunnies, butterfly, 3 buttons, 6 candies, 2 chicks, 5 eggs, 3 flowers, 3 frames, 2 glitter scatters, 2 grasses, journal, leaves, 2 pails, 4 ribbons, rope, scroll, 2 stitches, tag, tape, and word art.
This kit is for the March 15 thru April 14th, 2013 Legacy Club which you can find here.
Designer: Designs By Marcie
Product model: dbm - Bunny Pals
File Size: 0 Megs
License: S4H/S4O and Personal use allowed
This product was added to our catalog on Tuesday 05 March, 2013.


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'Scandal,' 'Grey's Anatomy' creator Shonda Rhimes to blog during Scripps spelling bee
Hollywood tastemaker a fan of the quirky broadcast
With the recent announcement that a third Shonda Rhimes show, "How To Get Away With Murder," will be added to ABC's roster, joining the ranks of "Scandal" and "Grey's Anatomy," one might wonder whether producer/writer/director Rhimes has any free time, and if so, what she does with it.
On May 29, the answer might surprise you.
Self-described "bee nerd" Rhimes will be live-blogging the 2014 Scripps National Spelling Bee at A List of Things Thrown Five Minutes Ago, as she has for several years.
That's right. The queen of primetime scripted television loves to nerd out over this quirky live broadcast.
In the condensed interview below, Rhimes discusses the importance of celebrating smart, and the key to successful reality television.
When did you start watching the Scripps National Spelling Bee?
I've been watching the bee forever. Way back when it was first on ESPN, is when I first started watching. I've been watching FOREVER. I'm a nerd that way, but I was very into it and a bee nerd in school.
Our school didn't participate in the Scripps Bee, but starting with the 5th, 6th grade I was very into competing.
What is the attraction for you, being so well-known and respected for scripted TV, what is it about this quirky live broadcast?
I think for me the excitement or the interest is that it feels like one of the few times on a big scale we are celebrating smart. We are making stars out of people because they are brainiacs, not athletic or pretty.
I can't stand reality television that doesn't have to do with a person's ability. I think the reason American Idol is so successful is because it does deal with that.
The bee is also very particular, there's a tyranny and an aspect of competition. In our world, everyone gets a trophy, and at the bee, only one person gets a trophy.
In speaking with spellers for this year's bee and past participants, one thing they all have in common is that they spend a lot of free time reading, and crave that escape into new worlds.
Since you essentially create new worlds for a living, do you think you might be drawn to the bee in a kindred spirit kind of way? Do these kids remind you of a preadolescent you?
They definitely remind me of me.
I grew up in Illinois, in the suburbs of Chicago, but really I grew up everywhere. I grew up in books, I spent all my time reading.
My idea of rebellion was, when my parents, who were academics, would tell me to go outside and socialize and get some fresh air, I would tuck a book down the back of my pants, and go to the backyard and start reading again. I'm definitely one of those kids.
How many years have you been live-blogging the bee? Do you plan to live-blog the bee again this year?
I've been doing it at A List Of Things Thrown Five Minutes Ago since I started blogging it. I was working from home as a screenwriter, and the others on the blog were at their day jobs, and I offered to blog the day sessions, and loved doing it.
It makes the bee a little bit of work for me, which makes it exciting. I get to look up the spellers, look at the rules and get to do a little research, which I enjoy.
I will be blogging the bee this year, and I will definitely be watching.
Would you ever consider writing a former spelling bee champ into one of your shows? The kids often go on to become doctors and lawyers… "Scandal" is set in Washington, D.C., the bee is in D.C.
We did an episode on "Grey's Anatomy" about a little boy who was about to be in the national spelling bee and was having awake brain surgery. They had him spell during his surgery to make sure everything was OK.
That was my one little celebration of the bee so far.
Are any of your existing characters former national spelling bee champs, and if so, who? Maybe Olivia Pope (played by Kerry Washington on "Scandal")?
It's not impossible. It's entirely possible and very true.
That makes complete sense in terms of who her character is. That she was awkward and nerdy before she blossomed, and would have loved the precision and method of it.
What word would you love to see asked in the bee?
I always love when they give the words that are hard to spell. I feel like the cultural words are hard to spell, for example the ones of Yiddish origin. You can always tell who's been studying the roots and who is completely thrown by these words they might not be familiar with.
What word that you've created would you like to be used as a bee word?
Vajayjay is the only one that's made it into the dictionary. I definitely don't want to see kids spelling that word on live TV.
Do you have bee-watching parties?
Sometimes. I will admit that there are some days its just me. Sometimes its me, my daughter who is 11, and my nephews. I've also invited friends over to watch the bee. Sometimes I blog the bee from work, if I'm on the lot.
When I've blogged from work, I would show up in sweatpants, T-shirt, slippers and my big mug of coffee.
It becomes this thing where people would be making fun of me at the beginning of the day, then at the end of the day my office is packed and people are watching it like it was the biggest boxing match ever.
Have you converted any friends into bee fans?
The kinds of people I'm friends with are the kind of people that would like the bee.
When I first started watching the bee, I was connecting with my younger self and it really reminded me of that competition, and had that feeling of the bloodsport of the competition. Now, it's so fun to watch with your kid. As we all become moms and dads, I feel the parents so much more when watching the bee now. Watching with my daughter is so lovely, she gets to hang out with a big nerd like me.
One day, I would definitely like to come to watch it all live, beginning to end. When I'm not making a bunch of TV shows.
The 2014 Scripps National Spelling Bee will take place on May 27, 28 and 29 at the Gaylord National Resort and Convention Center in Washington, D.C.
Preliminary rounds will air on ESPN3 at 8 a.m. and 1:15 p.m. on Wednesday. The semifinals will be broadcast on ESPN2 on Thursday at 10 a.m., and the championship finals will be broadcast live on ESPN on Thursday at 8 p.m.


text: Matthew Lemieux reviews Lipper's U.S. weekly fund flows for the week ended May 2, 2012. With generally negative economic news hitting the wire, it was quite surprising equity markets fared as well as they did. The tone was set in the U.S. with a lower than expected Q1 GDP result of 2.2%. That paired with the downgrade of Spanish debt and an increasing number of Eurozone countries falling into recession seemed to set the stage for redemptions in the fund space. Surprisingly, like the markets themselves, mutual funds—excluding money market products—kept investor's interest as they reported net inflows of $2.9 billion for the week.


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April 29, 2012
Michael Langston
The Rivals/VTO camp hosted some big names in Orlando on Sunday and Warchant.com was there to break it down. Could Rivals100 safety Marcell Harris be making his decision soon? ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now!
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First Class Touring
River Cruising
Vacation Packages
This exciting vacation is a delightful introduction to the history and culture of England, Scotland, and Wales. Begin your trip in London with a full day to discover the city's landmarks on your own or to take an optional tour. Then, visit the market town of Stamford and York, England's most complete medieval city. See a section of Hadrian's Wall, the Roman coast-to-coast defense against marauding northern tribes, before arriving in Edinburgh, Scotland's capital, where your guided sightseeing tour includes mighty Edinburgh Castle with its Crown Jewels. Travel south through the Lowlands to Gretna Green, where the blacksmith used to wed runaway couples. Continue through the Lake District, considered the finest of England's national parks. Visit Wordsworth's charming Grasmere and follow the shores of beautiful Lake Windermere, England's largest lake. Enjoy a walking tour of 2,000-year-old Chester, and stop at William Shakespeare's Stratford-upon-Avon. Travel through the scenic Cotswolds to the Welsh capital of Cardiff, where you'll enjoy an orientation drive. Later, explore elegant Georgian Bath, famous for its Roman ruins, and mysterious Stonehenge with its new visitor center and imaginative exhibitions, before returning to London for the finale of your grand Britain vacation.
Inside visits and special features:Shown in UPPERCASE in the tour description including admission charges where applicable.Sightseeing:Visits to Stamford, Hadrian's Wall, Jedburgh, Melrose, Edinburgh Castle, tickets for Edinburgh Military Tattoo (departure numbers August 6, 13, 20), Gretna Green, Grasmere, Shakespeare's Stratford-upon-Avon, Broadway, Bath, Stonehenge; orientation drive in Cardiff; walking tours in York and Chester
Scenic Highlights: Northumberland National Park, Scottish Lowlands, Lake District National Park, Cotswold Hills, Salisbury Plain
Local Guide for city sightseeing in Edinburgh; host service in London; professional Tour Director while touring
Check into your hotel. In the afternoon, there's time to rest or start exploring the lively British capital; uniformed hosts are available to help you make the most of your stay.
What's your pleasure? Today is devoted to exploring on your own or enjoying our exciting program of optional activities. You may choose to join a Local Guide for an optional morning sightseeing tour of the city's famous landmarks: the Houses of Parliament and Big Ben, Westminster Abbey, Whitehall's mounted horseguards and the Prime Minister's Downing Street, Piccadilly Circus, and Buckingham Palace. A highlight is the ceremonial pageantry of the Changing of the Guard (if held). Later on, maybe visit Windsor Castle or the Tower of London with its spectacular Crown Jewels, and tonight, a leisurely cruise on the Thames River would be fun! (B)
Meet your Tour Director and traveling companions and depart at 8 am for a day of northbound travel. Take a break in the market town of Stamford, and in York, England's most complete medieval city, stand in awe in front of the great structure of York Minster. Then, follow your Tour Director through a maze of quaint streets, including the narrow Shambles. Stop for the night in Leeds. (B,D)
See a section of Hadrian's Wall, the Roman coast-to-coast defense against marauding northern tribes, then motor through wild Northumberland National Park to the Scottish border. Stop for photos at Jedburgh, with glimpses of the house of Mary, Queen of Scots, and then Melrose with its 12th-century abbey ruins and connections with Robert the Bruce. Afternoon arrival in Edinburgh. Tonight, why not join an optional Scottish evening with Highland dancers, bagpipers, and, of course, the Ceremony of the Haggis? (B)
A full day to enjoy the Scottish capital. Morning sightseeing with a Local Guide introduces you to the 200-year-old "New Town" and famous scientists, inventors, and novelists. In the "Old Town," drive up the narrow Royal Mile to EDINBURGH CASTLE to admire Scotland's Crown Jewels. Later, a unique optional experience: board the former Royal Yacht Britannia, which was once the perfect royal residence for glittering state visits and family holidays. Tour five decks and see how the Royal Family and crew of 240 lived and worked on board. Dinner rounds off this optional evening. For departure numbers August 6, 13, and 20, tickets are included for tonight's performance of the world-renowned MILITARY TATTOO, a vast spectacle of massed Scottish pipe bands that takes place in an arena on the esplanade of Edinburgh Castle. (B)
South through the history-steeped Lowland Hills and a visit to Gretna Green, where the blacksmith used to wed runaway couples. Drive through beautiful scenery in the Lake District, considered to be the finest of England's national parks. Visit Wordsworth's Grasmere, then follow the shores of Lake Windermere. In Chester, the historic county town on the Dee River, your walking tour includes the Roman remains, black and white half-timbered buildings, and the two-tiered arcades called the "Rows." Overnight in Wrexham. (B,D)
Back in England, tour fascinating Stratford-upon-Avon, a living monument to William Shakespeare, before driving through the scenic Cotswold Hills with a stop for photos in picture-book Broadway. Overnight in Cardiff, where an orientation drive introduces you to the capital's major attractions: Cardiff Castle, Cathays Park, Millennium Stadium, and the stately civic buildings. A suggestion for tonight: why not join an evening of Welsh entertainment and dinner? (B)
A day of memorable highlights with a stop first in the elegant Georgian city of Bath, famous for its Roman relics, before visiting STONEHENGE, still an intriguing mystery. Explore the stunning visitor center with its imaginative exhibitions, then admire the magnificence of the monument from up close. After returning to London around 3:30 pm, how about celebrating the success of your tour with a night out on the town? (B)
Your vacation ends with breakfast this morning. (B)
Transportation: Private, first-class, air-conditioned motorcoach
Full English breakfast daily; 2 three-course dinners with choice of menus
With Cosmos, there's no better way to get to know your destination than through the eyes of your Tour Director. Averaging over a decade... we'd like you to meet a Tour Director, who is representative of the type of expert that will be with you on your vacation.
I've been a Tour Director all my life. My father has been a Tour Director since before I was born, so I have literally been brought up to do this. The soundtrack of my childhood was the stories of British history, and I've always loved sharing those stories with others. Now, I get to do just that!
The following UNESCO World Heritage Sites can be seen or visited on the British Panorama:


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May 5, 2016
A body has been discovered in the basement of a rural home in Jo Daviess County.
Police say the body was found while they were serving an eviction order to 67-year-old Benjamin Beldon at 11833 South Breuning Road in rural Elizabeth Friday morning. The body was that of an elderly female believed to be the mother of Beldon.
An autopsy is scheduled for Monday in Rockford to confirm the identity and determine a cause of death.
Police are treating the incident as a homicide. Beldon is being held at the Jo Daviess County Sheriff's Department on an investigative hold.
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Back to List
The Coalition for Drug Abuse Prevention is a not-for profit organization whose mission is to reduce drug and alcohol problems in the community.
The Coalition consists of a number of representatives from community and government agencies involved directly and/or indirectly in solving these problems. It also involves individuals who serve in their capacity as community leaders. The third group consists of community representatives appointed by the Forsyth County Board of Commissioners and the City of Winston-Salem Board of Aldermen.Blank LineThe Board of County Commissioners appoints nine (9) citizens of Forsyth County to three-year terms. These members should represent the following groups: two (2) from business, two (2) from religion, and five (5) from the community.
Meetings: 3rd Tuesday of each month - 12:00 noon - at designated locations
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Winston-Salem, NC 27101
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Harry Starn, M.S., CFA, CFP®
Director of the Financial Planning Program
(805) 493-3410
Pioneer House
- Profile
Harry Starn, Jr., MS, CFA, CFP®, is a senior lecturer in California Lutheran University's School of Management and serves as the Director of the Financial Planning Program and Director of Distance Learning. He has been teaching, creating and refining online courses for CLU's MBA-FP program since 2005. In May of 2010, the United States Distance Learning Association (USDLA) presented him with the bronze award for Excellence in Distance Teaching. He serves on the CFP Board's Council on Education (2012-2015) and is a co-writer on the 11th Edition of "Practicing Financial Planning for Professionals."
- Education
Harry earned a Bachelor of Science Degree from the United States Military Academy at West Point and a Master of Science Degree in Finance from the University of Colorado in Boulder. He also holds industry certifications as a Chartered Financial Analyst from the CFA Institute and the CFP® Certification from the CFP Board of Standards.
- Expertise
Harry has over 20 years of experience in the financial-services industry. He formerly operated his own fee-only financial planning practice, Action Financial Planning, LLC. Prior to starting his own practice in 1996, Harry worked as a registered representative with Financial Network Investment Corporation and later served as the Manager of Special Directors' Services with Lipper Analytical Services, Inc., a consulting department to the mutual fund industry.
- Publications
Practicing Financial Planning, 11th Edition


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November 11, 2011
Trey Biddy
Follow @TreyBiddyThe University of Arkansas is expected to host approximately 60 recruits for this weekend's Arkansas-Tennessee game in Fayetteville Saturday.The group is headlined by three official visitors in Scottsdale (Ariz.) Community College defensive tackle Mike Pennel, 6-5, 340 and tight end Blake Jackson, 6-4, 235, 4.55 along with Jacksonville (Fla.) First Coast linebacker Reggie Northrup, 6-2, 218, 4.68.Pennell has an offer list that includes... ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now!
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Software for Good Achieves Triple Bottom Line with Help from Carbonfree® Partnership
2014 is shaping up to be another strong year for continued environmental leadership by Carbonfund.org's business partners. These companies understand the value in maintaining effective sustainability programs that demonstrate their commitment to environmental responsibility.
Entering its fifth year as a Carbonfree® Business Partner, Software for Good is a design-driven software engineering team producing complete digital solutions for companies doing great things.
"We are thrilled to be part of the Carbonfree® Business Partnership," states Casey Helbling, founder and CEO of Software for Good. "By calculating, reducing, and offsetting our carbon footprint, we are helping to change the status quo and redefine what it means to be a responsible business."
To date, Software for Good's carbon emissions offset donations have supported Carbonfund.org's carbon reduction projects, neutralizing the same quantity of emissions as are created by a standard passenger car driving almost 600,000 miles.
Software for Good team members and clients share a vision for what a healthy and sustainable community can be. They follow the triple bottom line business model, investing equally in people, planet, and profit.
A great example of Software for Good's work can be seen in the rebuild for RE-AMP's website. The organization is composed of over 150 non-profits and foundations across the US Midwest focused on climate change and energy policy. The new website focuses on user engagement and easy ongoing site maintenance, so that the various groups can work collaboratively to create a healthier, more sustainable world.
Software for Good demonstrates its environmental stewardship through the work it performs for its clients and in its continuing commitment to carbon-neutral operations through the Carbonfree® Business Partnership program.
CA World '13 Goes Big with Zero Impact as a CarbonFree® Event
The theme for CA World '13 is "Go big. IT with impact." However, as they put it, in one very important way, CA World will go big with zero impact.
CA Technologies, one of the world's leading providers of IT management systems and energy management solutions, and sponsor of its annual CA World event, is committed to lead by example in order to advance the triple bottom line of people, planet and profit. This focus made the decision to host CA World '13 as a CarbonFree® Event an easy choice.
What does this mean exactly? CA Technologies partnered with the Carbonfund.org Foundation to calculate all estimated carbon emissions associated with CA World based on attendee travel, lodging and meals, and the venue's electricity and heating fuel consumption. Then, CA Technologies chose to neutralize the resulting event emissions by supporting two projects that mitigate an equal amount of greenhouse gases:
- A landfill methane gas-to-energy project in New York State that will capture methane (a gas about 23 times more damaging than carbon dioxide) from landfills and convert it into heat energy for four counties in New York.
- A rainforest and biodiversity protection and preservation project in the Amazon Basin of Acre, Brazil that provides rainforest preservation, biodiversity and endangered species habitat conservation, and sustainable economic opportunities and improved water and soil quality for the local population.
"At CA Technologies we take our commitment to sustainability seriously. We believe it is simply smart business," said Cynthia Curtis, Chief Sustainability Officer, CA Technologies. "CA World is our largest event -- bringing together thousands of attendees from around the world to showcase our solutions. At an event of this magnitude, it was important that we highlight our commitment to sustainability. By working with Carbonfund.org, we are offsetting our greenhouse gas emissions through meaningful projects that help mitigate our environmental impact and create local jobs."
"This is one of the largest events of its kind to fulfill the commitment to become truly CarbonFree®," explains Eric Carlson, president of Carbonfund.org. "CA Technologies donation for the CarbonFree® Event program is quite a significant action by a leader in IT service solutions and a company clearly committed to sustainability in all aspects of its operations."
CA World is the flagship event for CA Technologies, providing the opportunity to share and showcase innovation and best practices—from CA and from their customers and partners. This year, those best practices include leadership in the area of event emissions neutralization through the CarbonFree® Event program for CA World '13.


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Waterstone 1400HC-CB
Caribbean Bronze Parche Filtration Faucet Hot and Cold Double Handle
Item # BCI1555408 | Model # 1400HC-CB | Parche Collection
Questions about Waterstone 1400HC-CB?
Contact us for advice or more details. Our product specialists are here to help.
This product has additional required/recommended options. To configure, add to your cart.
Water Filter Required
Hot Tank Required
American Made Luxury Kitchen Faucets by Waterstone
The Parche faucet suite is a contemporary faucet for the modern kitchen. The C-Spout style is offered in solid brass and is available in 30 different finishes. If you are looking for a pull out faucet, the Parche suite features two sizes of its modern styled PLP pulldown faucet. Complete your kitchen's unique look with matching Bar, Prep, and Filtration faucets, or choose between 6 accessories.
All Waterstone faucets are built in the USA using 100% American components and materials.
Waterstone 1400HC Features:
- Designed, Engineered and Made in the USA
- Water Efficient
- Use with Waterstone Under Sink Systems
- Solid Brass or Stainless Steel Construction
- Compatible with Reverse Osmosis Filtration Systems
- 1/4 Turn Ceramic Disc Valve
- Contemporary U-Spout Design
- Metal Lever Handles
- 360 Degree Swivel Spout
- Supply - 1/4" Blue LLDPE (Plastic) x 48"
- To Hot Tank Inlet - 1/4" Red LLDPE (Plastic) x 36"
- To Hot Tank Outlet - 5/16" Clear PTFE (Teflon) x 36"
- Recommended Hole Size 1-3/8"
- California AB-1953 Low Lead Compliant
- ADA Compliant
Waterstone 1400HC Specifications:
- Overall Height: 9.75"
- Spout Reach: 4"
- Width: 4.625"
- Flow Rate: 1.1 GPM
- Max Deck Thickness: 2.5"
Antique Bronze, Black Oil Rubbed Bronze, Caribbean Bronze, Tuscan Brass, Weathered Brass, and Weathered Copper are LIVING FINISHES. Generally, finishes darken slightly where they are not being touched and highlight where the high use points are. Living finishes have no protective coatings and are more easily scratched or scuffed.
Additional Waterstone Links
This Waterstone item can also be referenced by the following color/finish specific model #:
- Waterstone 1400HC-01
- Waterstone 1400HC-AMB
American Bronze
- Waterstone 1400HC-AB
Antique Brass
- Waterstone 1400HC-ABZ
Antique Bronze
- Waterstone 1400HC-AC
Antique Copper
- Waterstone 1400HC-AP
Antique Pewter
- Waterstone 1400HC-07
- Waterstone 1400HC-ORB
Black Oil Rubbed Bronze
- Waterstone 1400HC-CB
Caribbean Bronze
- Waterstone 1400HC-CHB
Chocolate Bronze
- Waterstone 1400HC-CH
- Waterstone 1400HC-DAMB
Distressed American Bronze
- Waterstone 1400HC-DAB
Distressed Antique Brass
- Waterstone 1400HC-DAC
Distressed Antique Copper
- Waterstone 1400HC-DAP
Distressed Antique Pewter
- Waterstone 1400HC-EW
- Waterstone 1400HC-06
Gloss Black
- Waterstone 1400HC-MB
Matte Black
- Waterstone 1400HC-PB
Polished Brass
- Waterstone 1400HC-PC
Polished Copper
- Waterstone 1400HC-PN
Polished Nickel
- Waterstone 1400HC-SC
Satin Chrome
- Waterstone 1400HC-SN
Satin Nickel
- Waterstone 1400HC-SS
Solid Stainless Steel
- Waterstone 1400HC-TB
Tuscan Brass
- Waterstone 1400HC-VB
Venetian Bronze
- Waterstone 1400HC-WB
Weathered Brass
- Waterstone 1400HC-WC
Weathered Copper
- Waterstone 1400HC-WT
*Discontinued model or finish
More Than Just a Store - Your Reasons to Shop
Discover the best online deals for the Waterstone 1400HC and everything else for your home from the leading online home improvement store.
We're committed to providing you with the best assortment of Waterstone products with over 400 warehouses across the country.
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A 12-year-old who was arrested and charged with two counts of uttering threats is the second case this month Brandon Police Service have responded to involving online threats among youth via social media. Police were called on Jan. 22 and were told that the two young victims had been involved in some type of ongoing dispute with the suspect. It's alleged that, via social media, she threatened to harm them.
After an investigation, police say they arrested the suspect on Jan. 24.
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Comment ne pas aimer là ou l'Ame prends la place du coeur
et se bouleverse d' Ivresse........
jaky g. 15 July 2015
It seems a lovely place. I will be there soon..
Flávio P. 15 April 2015
Bonjour ;votre pays et magnifique! Simplement j'ai en belle aperçu avec cette photo!Un jour je viendrais me ressourcé et apprendre de votre peuple !à bientôt
Daniel T. 11 July 2013
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Jugs 18 Baseball Feeder for Two Wheeled Pitching Machines
Item # 400054
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Product Details
Get 18 perfect pitches up to 6 seconds apart with the Jugs 18 Ball pitching machine feeder. Able to accommodate most JUGS baseball machines, it offers a lightweight, easy-to-setup design so you can get right into practice. Regular baseballs will work with this machine.
- Portable and lightweight
- Easy to setup
- Simple to operate
- Fits JUGS Baseball 101, Combo, & Curveball pitching machines
- Durable steel construction
- Can be used with regular baseballs
- Machine not included


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50 U.S. Code § 2812 - Engineering and manufacturing research, development, and demonstration by managers of certain nuclear weapons production facilities
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(a) Authority for programs at nuclear weapons productions facilities
The Administrator for Nuclear Security shall authorize the head of each nuclear weapons production facility to establish an Engineering and Manufacturing Research, Development, and Demonstration Program under this section.
(b) Projects and activities
The projects and activities carried out through the program at a nuclear weapons production facility under this section shall support innovative or high-risk design and manufacturing concepts and technologies with potentially high payoff for the nuclear security enterprise. Those projects and activities may include—
Source(Pub. L. 107–314, div. D, title XLVIII, § 4832, formerly Pub. L. 106–398, § 1 [div. C, title XXXI, § 3156], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–467; renumbered Pub. L. 107–314, div. D, title XLVIII, § 4832, by Pub. L. 108–136, div. C, title XXXI, § 3141(k)(12),Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1785; Pub. L. 112–239, div. C, title XXXI, § 3131(z),Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2185; Pub. L. 113–66, div. C, title XXXI, § 3146(i)(7)(A),Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 1083.)
Section was formerly set out as a note under section 7274r of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 108–136.
2013—Pub. L. 113–66substituted "managers of certain nuclear weapons production facilities" for "plant managers of certain nuclear weapons production plants" in section catchline.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 112–239, § 3131(z)(1), substituted "nuclear security enterprise" for "nuclear weapons complex" in introductory provisions.
Subsecs. (c) to (e). Pub. L. 112–239, § 3131(z)(2), struck out subsecs. (c) to (e), which related, respectively, to funding, a report, and definition of "nuclear weapons production facility".
Activities at Covered Nuclear Weapons Facilities
Pub. L. 108–447, div. C, title III, § 308,Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2959, provided that: "The Administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration may authorize the manager of a covered nuclear weapons research, development, testing or production facility to engage in research, development, and demonstration activities with respect to the engineering and manufacturing capabilities at such facility in order to maintain and enhance such capabilities at such facility: Provided, That of the amount allocated to a covered nuclear weapons facility each fiscal year from amounts available to the Department of Energy for such fiscal year for national security programs, not more than an amount equal to 2 percent of such amount may be used for these activities: Provided further, That for purposes of this section, the term 'covered nuclear weapons facility' means the following:
"(1) The Kansas City Plant, Kansas City, Missouri.
"(2) The Y–12 Plant, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
"(3) The Pantex Plant, Amarillo, Texas.
"(4) The Savannah River Plant, South Carolina.
"(5) The Nevada Test Site."
Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:
Pub. L. 108–137, title III, § 308,Dec. 1, 2003, 117 Stat. 1861.
Pub. L. 108–7, div. D, title III, § 308,Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 154.
Pub. L. 107–66, title III, § 309,Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 509.
Pub. L. 106–377, § 1(a)(2) [title III, § 310], Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1441, 1441A–80.
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May 6, 2016
Mr. Alan Woodard, former Head Football Coach at Pamlico County High School, has resigned from his coaching duties. Mr. Woodard took a leave of absence for the 2012 season due to personal health concerns. In his absence, Mr. Michael J. Twichell served as Interim Head Varsity Football Coach. Pamlico County Schools thanks Coach Woodard for his years of service as a coach.
Pamlico County Schools has announced the appointment of Mr. Kevin Yost as the new Head Football Coach at Pamlico County High School. Mr. Yost began working for Pamlico County Schools in August 2012 as a social studies teacher. He served as Head Junior Varsity Football Coach and Varsity Assistant Offensive Coordinator at North Raleigh Christian Academy for 2 years and Head Varsity Football Coach at West Craven High School for 3 years before coming to Pamlico County High School as Offensive Coordinator.
Coach Yost's philosophy is to build young men with the game of football. "I want to win, but ultimately winning is measured by the type of citizens we build using the game. I desire to give our players the best opportunity to excel in the classroom and to play at the next level if they so desire. I want to give the families in the community the chance to see their students play ball in college and to get a college education. My desire for Hurricane Football is to make Friday night games the place to be in Pamlico County."
Mr. Henry Rice, Pamlico County High School Principal, stated, "I feel that he has a strong foundation of bringing the best out of student athletics. He is well respected as a teacher and coach within the District." Pamlico County Schools welcomes Mr. Yost to this new role and wishes him and his team the very best in the future.
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Everyone agrees that developing an IC is a challenging process with multiple trade-offs. You have to balance performance, size and cost requirements to decide how best to integrate customized memories. It's fairly straightforward for ROM and RAM volatile memories because of well-established compiler solutions. But non-volatile memories (NVM) for trimming, data storage and programming require special consideration. X-FAB makes customizing complex embedded NVM solutions (such as EEPROM, OTP and NVSRAM) fast, easy and with minimal risks for errors. This webinar includes a live demo of an NVM compiler for NVRAM often used for data storage. You'll see how easy and fast it is to customize your memory block design using the front-end design data (black box layout, a simulation model, a datasheet and a test specification) you receive from X-FAB within minutes via e-mail.
The XT018 series is X-FAB's 0.18 micron Modular High-voltage SOI CMOS Technology. Based on SOI wafers and the industrial standard single poly with up to six metal layers 0.18-micron drawn gate length process, integrated with high voltage and Non-Volatile-Memory modules, the platform is specifically designed for a new generation of cost-effective "Super Smart Power" technology; operating in temperature range of -40 to 175 °C.
The XH018 series is X-FAB's 0.18 micron Modular Mixed Signal HV CMOS Technology. Based upon the industrial standard single poly with up to six metal layers 0.18 micron drawn gate length N-well process, integrated with highvoltage and Non-Volatile-Memory modules, the platform is ideal for SOC applications in the automotive market, as well as emdedded high-voltage applications in the communications, consumer and industrial market.
Comprehensive design rules, precise SPICE models, analog and digital libraries, IPs and development kits support the process for major EDA vendors.
Improvement of Dielectric Film Characteristic of Inter-poly Oxide-Nitride-Oxide (ONO) in Flash Memory Devices
This Inter-poly Oxide-Nitride-Oxide (ONO) dielectric film has been widely used as dielectric films in stacked gate Flash memory devices. The ONO dielectric film plays an important role in ensuring good reliability in flash memory devices. In this paper, the characteristics of ONO dielectric films have been analyzed.
In this paper, optimization and physical scaling of the SONOS ONO triple layer are extensively evaluated, with detailed characterization of the Flash cell behavior. Reliability tests have demonstrated high temperature endurance and long-term data retention. The results have shown that the reliability requirement is attainable even with down scaling of the vertical component of the oxynitride charge trapping layer, which makes it feasible to operate the cell at a lower programming voltage.
X-FAB, a pure play foundry, has already extensive experience in volume production of monolithic integrated MEMS devices. The idea of combining CMOS and MEMS processes to obtain monolithic integrated sensor solutions is a logical, consequent step following the "More than Moore" strategy.
In this webinar you will learn how X-FAB can support & manufacture your power system-on-chips (SoC) with its latest 0.18 micrometer technology (XP018). This foundry process for power management applications comes with a unique combination of high-voltage and high-density non-volatile memory (NVM) options with the lowest mask count in the industry. Find out why it is well-suited for cost optimized migration of existing solutions in larger geometries to 180 nanometers. You will also learn about the various memory options and its competitive RDSon for switching and power control in the 15V, 25V, 40V, 60V range.
An enhancement-mode Silicon-Oxide-Nitride-Oxide-Silicon (SONOS) device has been developed in 0.13μm technology platform. The single-transistor (1-T) SONOS device in NOR Flash memory array utilizes n-channel cells. The development of 1-T SONOS is not an easy feat due to many disturbs experienced by the cells during operation.
Are you looking for a highly reliable embedded non-volatile memory (NVM) solution in an advanced technology node that is easy to integrate into your design? One that can serve as a platform for developing complete product families? This free webinar introduces X-FAB's new XH018 eFlash option – the industry's most cost-effective combination of high voltage and embedded flash for complex SoCs. Find out how it works and why eFlash is ideally suited for for high-speed microcontroller, digital power and automotive applications.
One time programmable (OTP) electrically programmed read only memory (EPROM) become a simple low cost solution in non-volatile memory (NVM) to be integrated in variety of CMOS baseline technology node platforms without extra masks or additional process cost incur. The feasibility of EPROM floating gate built on buried channel pMOSFET was explored experimentally. The buried channel device physic fundamental characteristics would lead to consistently high erased cell current (Ioff) in μA level instead of expected pA level for EPROM cell in erased state. Alternative external voltage biasing could not be applied due to unavailability of floating gate terminal connection to control the buried channel onoff state.


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26 U.S. Code § 7432 - Civil damages for failure to release lien
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(a) In general
If any officer or employee of the Internal Revenue Service knowingly, or by reason of negligence, fails to release a lien under section 6325 on property of the taxpayer, such taxpayer may bring a civil action for damages against the United States in a district court of the United States.
(b) Damages
In any action brought under subsection (a), upon a finding of liability on the part of the defendant, the defendant shall be liable to the plaintiff in an amount equal to the sum of—
(1) actual, direct economic damages sustained by the plaintiff which, but for the actions of the defendant, would not have been sustained, plus
(c) Payment authority
(d) Limitations
(1) Requirement that administrative remedies be exhausted
A judgment for damages shall not be awarded under subsection (b) unless the court determines that the plaintiff has exhausted the administrative remedies available to such plaintiff within the Internal Revenue Service.
(2) Mitigation of damages
The amount of damages awarded under subsection (b)(1) shall be reduced by the amount of such damages which could have reasonably been mitigated by the plaintiff.
(e) Notice of failure to release lien
The Secretary shall by regulation prescribe reasonable procedures for a taxpayer to notify the Secretary of the failure to release a lien under section 6325 on property of the taxpayer.
Source(Added Pub. L. 100–647, title VI, § 6240(a),Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3746.)
Prior Provisions
A prior section 7432 was renumbered 7437 of this title.
Effective Date
Pub. L. 100–647, title VI, § 6240(c),Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3747, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section] shall apply to notices provided by the taxpayer of the failure to release a lien, and damages arising, after December 31, 1988."
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


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There are 78 results - Show results on a map Print this page
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Conveniently located on the East Cliff, this Edwardian hotel enjoys glorious sea views. The Miramar was a favoured destination of famed author J.R.R. Tolkien, who often stayed here. The bedrooms are c...More about Hotel Miramar
Les Bouviers is an excellent restaurant with rooms in a great location, set in five and a half acres of grounds. Food is obviously a highlight of any stay here, as is the friendly, attentive service. ...More about Les Bouviers Restaurant with Rooms
Located opposite Bournemouth International Centre, this modern, contemporary hotel is in a good location and has sea views; bedrooms are comfortable and attractively furnished. The menu features creat...More about Park Central Hotel
Milsoms Poole is located in the Canford Cliffs area, moments from some of the country's best beaches and the picturesque Purbeck Hills. Comfortable and stylish en suite accommodation is situated above...More about Milsoms Poole
Built for an admiral in 1908, Tothill House is located in the southern part of the New Forest. The garden backs on to the forest, and is frequently visited by deer, ponies and other wildlife. The spac...More about Tothill House
Guests are assured of a warm welcome at this centrally located house, within walking distance of the town centre and harbour, and just a short drive from the ferry terminal. The well-equipped bedrooms...More about Towngate Guest House
Ideally located close to the town centre, beaches and the New Forest, with excellent access to local transport links, Riversmead is the perfect base for a short break or longer stay. This comfortable ...More about Riversmead
This friendly guest accommodation is enthusiastically run by two generations of the same family, and offers comfortable accommodation within a short walk of the seafront and local attractions. The fre...More about Pinedale
Parts of this attractive small hotel date back over 300 years, and it has been skilfully modernised by the resident owners, to provide a choice of well furnished, bright bedrooms. There is a low-beame...More about The Cottage Hotel
Moortown Lodge was originally a Georgian hunting lodge and is conveniently located ten miles from the Dorset coast, not far from Christchurch, and just five minutes south of Ringwood. A warm welcome i...More about Moortown Lodge


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Search Swinburne Research Bank
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/229950
|Download PDF (Published version) (Adobe Acrobat PDF, 585 KB)
- Title
- Light enhancement in surface-enhanced Raman scattering at oblique incidence
- Author(s)
- Jayawardhana, Sasani; Rosa, Lorenzo; Buividas, Ricardas; Stoddart, Paul; Juodkazis, Saulius
- Abstract
- Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements have been carried out at different focusing conditions using objective lenses of different numerical apertures. The experimentally observed dependence of SERS intensity of thiophenol-coated Ag nano-islands shows a close-to-linear scaling with the collection aperture. The linear relationship breaks down for large numerical apertures, which suggests that the scattering is anisotropic. Numerical simulations of realistically shaped Ag nano-islands were carried out, and the spatial distribution of hot-spots has been revealed at different heights near the nano-islands. Local field enhancements of up to 100 times were estimated. The simulation also suggests an explanation for the anisotropy in the scattering observed for larger numerical aperture objectives. This appears to be due to a reduction in the local field enhancement as the electric field vector component in the plane of the shallow metal islands reduces at larger angles of incidence.
- Publication type
- Journal article
- Research centre
- Swinburne University of Technology. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences. Centre for Atom Optics and Ultrafast Spectroscopy
- Research centre
- Swinburne University of Technology. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences. Centre for Micro-Photonics
- Source
- Photonic Sensors, Vol. 2, no. 3 (Sep 2012), pp. 283-288
- Publication year
- 2012
- Keyword(s)
- Finite difference time domain; Metal island films; Surface-enhanced Raman scattering
- Publisher
- Springer
- 1674-9251
- Publisher URL
- Copyright
- Copyright © The Author(s) 2012. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. The published version is reproduced in accordance with this policy.
- Research Projects
- Full text
- Peer reviewed