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Precipitation for the basin averages 40 inches per year. The months with the highest precipitation are March-May, with an average of 13 inches for this three-month period. Evaporation averages about 54 inches per year for the basin. Runoff averages about 10 inches per year (MDNR 1986). The highest average runoff occurs in April-May and the lowest in December-January, coinciding with seasonal rainfall patterns.
USGS Gauging Stations
The USGS lists 13 discontinued and 3 active gauging stations operated to monitor stream flows and water quality in streams and rivers of the basin (Table Hy01). Seven of these gauges were located upstream of Bagnell Dam in HUC 10290109, within Benton, Laclede, and Morgan counties. Six of the gauging stations were located downstream of Bagnell Dam in HUC 10290111, within Cole, Maries, Miller, and Osage counties. Descriptions of the three active gauges are given below.
Gauging station number 06922450 is located on the Osage River 2,000 feet downstream of Truman Dam near Warsaw, Missouri. This gauge was installed after the construction of Harry S Truman Reservoir and measures flow from an area of 11,500 mi.2. The available period of record is from 1981 to 2000, excluding October 1989 through September 1990. This station is important because it measures the majority (82% on average) of all water flowing into Lake of the Ozarks. Real-time river stage data for the Osage River below Harry S Truman Dam at Warsaw, MO are provided by the USGS.
Gauging station number 06926000 is located on the Osage River at the State Route 54 bridge, near Bagnell, Missouri. The station is 1.3 miles downstream of Bagnell Dam, which is located at Osage RM 81.7 and impounds Lake of the Ozarks. This gauge, which is jointly operated by USGS and AmerenUE, records flows from an area of 14,000 mi.2. Mean monthly flow data are available for 1880-1925. Mean daily flow data are available from 1925 to 2000. This station is important because it provides information on the flow regime prior to impoundment of Lake of the Ozarks. It also continuously measures the discharge from Bagnell Dam, which controls most of the water flowing into the lower 82 miles of the Osage River. Real-time river stage and discharge data for the Osage River near Bagnell, MO are provided by the USGS.
Gauging station number 06926510 is located on the Osage River below St. Thomas, Missouri at Osage RM 34.5, about 47 miles downstream of Bagnell Dam. This station was installed in 1996 and replaced gauging station number 06926500, which was about 9 miles upstream. Station 06926510 below St. Thomas records flows from an area of 14,500 mi.2. The available period of record is from 1931 to 2000. This station provides information on the combined discharge from Bagnell Dam and inflowing tributaries between Bagnell Dam and the station. Real-time river stage and discharge data for the Osage River below St. Thomas, MO are provided by the USGS.
Stream Order
Stream orders were assigned using 7.5 minute USGS topographic maps and methodology originally proposed by Horton (1932) and detailed by Gordon et al (1992). There are 59 streams 4th order and larger, totaling 855 stream miles, in the basin. Fourth order and larger streams and their mileages are outlined in Table Hy02.
Losing Streams
There are 22 identified losing streams within the basin (Table Hy03). These are primarily located in the center of the basin and the southward extending leg of the basin, with a few located in the eastern part of the basin (Figure Hy01). The longest losing stream is Dry Auglaize Creek which extends for 34 miles of the Dry Auglaize Creek Subbasin. Other subbasins with identified losing streams are the Wet Glaize Creek Subbasin, Lower Lake of the Ozarks River Hills Subbasin, Miller County River Hills Subbasin, and the Lower Maries River Subbasin.
One hundred and six (106) springs have been recorded throughout the basin (Table Hy04, Figure Hy02). Spring location information was gathered from USGS 7.5 minute topographic maps. The majority (87) of the springs are found in six of the basin's fourteen subbasins: Osage River Hills Subbasin (28 springs), Upper Lake of the Ozarks Hills Subbasin (28 springs), Tavern Creek Subbasin (12 springs), Deer Creek Subbasin (7 springs), Lower Lake of the Ozarks Hills Subbasin (6 springs), and Wet Glaize Creek Subbasin (6 springs).
The basin's 4 largest springs have average flows greater than 1 cubic foot per second (cfs). Three of the 4 largest springs are located in the center of the Wet Glaize Creek Subbasin. The largest is Armstrong East Spring with an average flow of 11.6 cfs. Blue Hole Spring is the second largest with an average flow of 7.16 cfs. Armstrong Spring is the fourth largest with an average flow of 1.18 cfs. Gravois Mills Spring in the Gravois Arm Subbasin is the third largest spring with an average flow of 1.36 cfs.
Dam and Hydropower Influences
Bagnell Dam and Harry S Truman Dam are located on the mainstem of the Osage River. Bagnell Dam impounds Lake of the Ozarks and was completed in 1931. Lake of the Ozarks is operated primarily for hydroelectric generation and recreation. Truman Dam is immediately upstream of Lake of the Ozarks, was completed in 1979, and is primarily operated for flood control and hydroelectric generation. Positive impacts of the dams and the reservoirs they create are ample water supply, electricity production, flood control, lake fishing and other recreation, and tourism.
Construction and operation of Bagnell Dam and Truman Dam have adversely affected 175 miles of river habitat in and along the Osage River within the basin. Lake of the Ozarks inundates a total of 93 miles of the Osage River. In addition, seventy years of Bagnell Dam operation have significantly changed the flow regime and habitats of the lower 82 miles of the Osage River, negatively affecting the river and its tributaries. Operation of Truman Dam also has affected hydrology and habitats of the lower Osage River by influencing water level and water quality in Lake of the Ozarks. Some of the known and suspected negative effects of construction and operation of Bagnell and Truman dams include rapid flow fluctuations, extended bankfull flows, frequent and unnaturally low flows, erosion and siltation in the Osage River and its tributaries, loss of riparian corridor, loss of wetlands, barriers to fish migration, limited spawning habitat for fish, lowered water temperatures, low dissolved oxygen, reduction of mussel populations, and fish kills due to low dissolved oxygen levels, impingement of fish on turbine intakes, and entrainment of fish through the turbines. Some problems have been addressed, but additional information is needed to implement strategies that improve habitat and water quality, prevent fish kills, and mitigate for the losses of fish and wildlife habitats.
Stream Flow
Historically, major Osage River floods were caused by long periods of rainfall over large areas. Major floods most frequently occurred during April-June, but were not restricted to the spring season. Lake of the Ozarks has water storage of 1,927,000 acre-feet and only limited flood control capability. After construction of Bagnell Dam, floodwater from the Osage River still contributed to flooding along the lower Missouri River and portions of the Mississippi River. The highest flood stage at the gauging station at St. Thomas was recorded on May 20, 1943. The peak discharge at St. Thomas on that date was 216,000 cfs. To reduce flooding, the USACE constructed Harry S Truman Reservoir in the East Osage River Basin and 5 reservoirs upstream in the West Osage River Basin between 1961 and 1979 (Dent et al. 1997). Before Truman Dam was completed in 1979, there was still considerable flooding along Lake of the Ozarks and the lower Osage River. Since construction of Truman Dam and Reservoir, which has flood control storage of 5,209,000 acre-feet, destructive out-of-channel flooding along the lower Osage River downstream of Bagnell Dam is of much less concern. Flood control and hydropower generation reduce the peak flood flows downstream of Bagnell Dam but extend bankfull flow duration. Most floods since completion of Truman Dam have considerably lower peak flows but are weeks to even months longer in duration than floods that occurred in the years immediately prior to completion of Bagnell Dam.
Below Truman Dam
Other than flood control, the stream flow effects of Truman Dam are not as significant as those of Bagnell Dam because Truman Dam discharges directly into the impounded water of Lake of the Ozarks. However, a three-week long release of 4,000 cfs in the spring is needed to create adequate conditions for spawning of walleye and white bass downstream of Truman Dam. Although water discharged from Truman Dam spreads out as it travels 93 miles through Lake of the Ozarks, operation of Truman Dam does affect the water levels and water quality in Lake of the Ozarks and the Osage River downstream of Bagnell Dam.
Below Bagnell Dam
Impoundment of the Osage River by Bagnell and Truman dams has dramatically affected the hydrology of the lower Osage River. The timing, frequency, magnitude, duration, and fluctuation of flows have all been affected. Such changes can increase channel instability, decrease habitat availability, and limit diversity and abundance of aquatic and riparian biota.
Hydropower operations at Bagnell Dam have increased the frequency of both moderately high flows and very low flows. Hydropower operations at Bagnell Dam frequently produce bankfull flows when pulses of water are released through the generation turbines to meet peak demand for electricity. Between pulses, drought-like minimum flows (385-450 cfs) are released. Daily flow fluctuations are dramatic, with flows often varying between the minimum releases and hydropower releases of 30,000 cfs and higher.
Increased frequency of high flows can cause channel instability by increasing sediment transport and channel erosion, and can affect the amount and distribution of aquatic, riparian, and terrestrial habitats. Annual flow duration curves show that hydropower discharges cause mean daily flows between about 5,000-30,000 cfs to occur more frequently today than before Bagnell Dam. For example, a mean daily flow of 20,000 cfs was equaled or exceeded only 20% of the time before Bagnell Dam, but has occurred 26% of the time since 1980.
Frequent and persistent low flows can limit diversity and abundance of aquatic and riparian biota by reducing habitat availability and affecting water quality. Due to the minimum releases between hydropower discharges, extremely low downstream flows occur more often now than before construction of Bagnell Dam. For example, a mean daily flow of 1,000 cfs flow in the Osage River near Bagnell, Missouri was equaled or exceeded about 90% of the time before Bagnell Dam, but only 75% of the time since 1980. In other words, flows less than 1,000 cfs now occur about 25% of the time compared to only 10% of the time before Bagnell Dam.
Low flows can have different harmful effects throughout the year. Low flows in the winter can reduce water temperatures. Springtime low flows can limit spawning of fish. Mussel spawning and fish nursery areas can be limited by low flows in the summer and fall. Although mean annual flows and average monthly flows in the Osage River since 1980 are comparable to flows before construction of Bagnell Dam, changes in low flow frequency due to operation of Bagnell Dam have occurred for most months. For October-June, the 75% and 95% monthly exceedance flows since 1980 are lower than those for water years 1926-1930 (October 1925 to September 1930), indicating that low mean daily flows now occur more often during the fall, winter, and spring. In particular, the unnatural minimum releases from Bagnell Dam during October-June cause mean daily flows less than 500 cfs to occur more often today than before the dam controlled flow. For example, 95% exceedance values for May show that flows less than 2,000 cfs occurred on about 5% of the days during May before Bagnell Dam. Since 1980, however, May daily flows less than 500 cfs occur 5% of the time.
Hydropower operation of Bagnell Dam has caused mean daily and hourly flows to be much more variable today than before Bagnell Dam was built. Rapid increases in flow can disrupt feeding and spawning by fishes, displace aquatic insects, and initiate excessive transport of sediment. Rapid decreases in flow can result in bank erosion and stranding of fish, mussels, and aquatic insects. Frequent and rapid flow fluctuations can increase stream channel instability, change habitat availability, reduce ecological integrity, and interfere with recreational use of the lower Osage River.
Although mean daily flows show considerable flow fluctuations, hourly flow data reveal the true variability and extremes of flows and river levels (stage) due to hydropower peaking operation of Bagnell Dam. Mean daily flows do not show the rapid within- and between-day flow fluctuations that occurred during late summer and early fall of 2001. Flows often fluctuated from low flows to nearly 30,000 cfs over just a few hours, producing rapid changes of up to 12 feet in river stage. Stage fluctuations of 12 feet in stage on August 5-6, 2001 are shown as minimal changes by mean daily stage. Fluctuations in stage near Bagnell Dam were considerably higher than those for the nearby, unregulated Gasconade River near Rich Fountain, MO during fall 2001. Although the Gasconade River is smaller than the Osage River near Bagnell, standardized hourly flow data show the unnatural characteristics of flow fluctuations created by hydropower operation of Bagnell Dam. Standardized hourly flow data also indicate how unnaturally low the minimum flow releases from Bagnell Dam were during the fall of 2001.
Flow fluctuations at Bagnell Dam affect flows and water levels for many miles downstream. Although the magnitudes of flow and stage changes lessen as hydropower releases travel downstream, hourly and daily variability are still considerable. Standardized hourly stage data show releases from Bagnell Dam create substantial changes in river levels 42 miles downstream at St. Thomas, MO (Figure 45). A daily stage change of 13 feet at Bagnell Dam can equate to a daily change of 7 feet or more at St. Thomas. Hydropower releases from Bagnell Dam are still evident in the Missouri River at Hermann, Missouri, 114 miles downstream of Bagnell Dam, (Figures 46 & 47), and may affect water temperature, water quality, and availability of terrestrial habitats in and along the Missouri River when its flow is low.
Small Impoundments
According to the National Wetlands Inventory, there are an estimated 13,978 small water impoundments totaling 8,633 acres within the basin. These include small public and private lakes, ponds, and restored wetlands. Concern exists over the effects that these impoundments have on low-flow conditions of streams as they intercept runoff and allow little or no adjustment for maintenance of stream flows.
Water Use and Quality
Surface water and groundwater quality in the basin are generally good (Vandike 1995). The area covered by the basin is part of the Salem Plateau groundwater province, otherwise known as the Ozark aquifer. Streams draining from the Salem Plateau generally contain water that is calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate type with low sulfate and chloride levels (Vandike 1995). Sink holes and losing stream segments of the Ozark aquifer provide a direct conduit for surface water to enter groundwater. This allows for relatively quick groundwater recharge, and also provides a direct link for surface contamination to enter groundwater. This relatively quick recharge time is also responsible for great variations in the water quality of springs in the basin.
Water Use
There are over 85,000 people served in the basin by either public supplied surface water (9%), public supplied groundwater (39%), or private wells (52%) (Table Hy05). A greater proportion of people from the Lower Osage River HUC 10290111 below Bagnell Dam are served by public supplied surface water (19%) than are served by public supplied surface water in Lake of the Ozarks HUC 10290109 above Bagnell Dam (only 4%). A greater proportion of people (45%) above the dam are served by public supplied groundwater, whereas below the dam only 25% of the people are served by public supplied groundwater.
Throughout the basin, total water withdrawals equaled 11.32 million gallons per day (mgd). The majority of these withdrawals are from the HUC below Bagnell Dam (54% or 6.09 mgd). Above Bagnell Dam (HUC 10290109) has only 5.23 mgd or 46% of the total water withdrawals from the basin.
Total withdrawals from groundwater in the basin equaled 8.01 mgd whereas total withdrawals from surface water were only 7.61 mgd. There are more withdrawals from groundwater in the HUC above Lake of the Ozarks (56%) than below Bagnell Dam (45%). However there are more withdrawals from surface water (2.48 mgd) below the dam than in the HUC above Bagnell Dam (0.83 mgd). There are 10 public water supply districts in the basin (MDNR 1986).
Beneficial Use Attainment
The MDNR maintains a list of beneficial uses for classified waters of the basin. All classified waters have been assigned the beneficial uses of aquatic life protection, livestock and wildlife watering, and fish consumption by humans. In addition there are 298.5 miles of streams in the basin classified as supporting whole body contact. These streams are the Osage River (82 miles), Lake of the Ozarks (121 miles), Maries River (41.5 miles), Tavern Creek (37 miles), Grand Auglaize Creek (7 miles), and Wet Glaize Creek (10 miles) (MDNR 1986). Sections 303(d) and 305(b) of the Clean Water Act are a means for determining if beneficial uses are being attained.
Chemical Water Quality
Water quality of the basin is generally good. Ambient water quality data is monitored by the USGS at their gauging station on the Osage River near St. Thomas. During those years, temperature ranged from 1.5 C to 27.5 C, pH ranged from 7.2-8, DO ranged from 3.9 to 12.8, fecal coliform ranged from <4 colonies/100ml in the spring of 1984 to 1,100 colonies/100ml in the spring of 1995, total nitrogen ranged from 0.12 mg/l to 0.8 mg/l (see Missouri Water Quality Assessment Report 47, Volume III, 1997).
Water quality problems associated with increased urban and commercial development are an ongoing concern in the area surrounding Lake of the Ozarks. Increases in population density and recreational use are the primary reason for elevated nitrification and algal growth in Lake of the Ozarks.
The MDNR noted several water quality concerns for the basin (MDNR 1994). The first concern dealt with the continued commercial and residential development along the shoreline of Lake of the Ozarks. This development has increased the amount of treated sewage discharged to the lake. Many coves have excess algal growth from nutrients discharged into the lake by sewage. A second concern is groundwater contamination by improperly functioning septic tanks, leaking storage tanks and agricultural runoff or wastewater discharges to losing streams. Poorly constructed wells also greatly increase the chance for groundwater contamination. The problem is especially severe where the human population center sits atop geologic strata, such as the Lebanon area, which allow high rates of infiltration of surface water to groundwater. A third concern is the increasing number of CAFOs which have the potential, if not properly managed, to discharge harmful amounts of animal waste into spring branches and streams thereby degrading the water quality of those water bodies.
Pesticides have been detected in wells and springs throughout the Ozark aquifer, including the basin. Recent studies have detected a higher level of pesticide occurrences in springs than in wells. Most occurrences of pesticides in this groundwater province are probably directly related to the land use of the area surrounding the spring or well sampled.
Nitrates were found in only about 5% of the wells tested in the Salem Plateau groundwater province. Land use practices such as the application of fertilizer and human and animal waste can contribute high levels of nitrates to groundwater. Data collected between 1972 and 1990 found that less than 15% of samples from this groundwater province contained phosphorus at concentrations above detection levels. Springs and shallow wells were found to have higher phosphorus levels on average than deeper wells.
Sections 305(b) and 303(d) of the Clean Water Act
The MDNR reports on the status of water quality in surface waters according to section 305(b) of the Clean Water Act. MDNR summarizes the quality of Missouri waters every two years in these reports. Significant improvements in water quality have been made over the past quarter century in controlling pollution from municipal sanitary wastes, but major problems still exist from non-point source pollution.
Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act requires states to list waters not expected to meet established state water quality standards even after application of conventional technology-based controls for which total maximum daily load (TMDL) studies have not yet been completed. The impaired waters list is produced every four years by the MDNR and includes waters for which existing required pollution controls are not stringent enough to maintain state water quality standards.
There are approximately 1.9 miles of 303(d) listed impaired streams and 50 acres of impaired reservoir found within the basin. Sources of biological impairment include damming, riparian degradation, channel alteration, urbanization, flow alteration, sedimentation, point source pollution, and non-point source pollution.
Fifty acres of the upper section of Lake of the Ozarks, downstream from Truman Dam, is included in the 303(d) list due to periodic gas supersaturation, occasional low DO levels and fish kills due to physical trauma (MDNR 1996, MDNR 2000). Truman Dam is listed as the source of the problem. The priority for development of TMDL is medium priority for this section of Lake of the Ozarks.
For the Lower Osage River, two separate 0.2 mile sections of river are listed due to loss of aquatic habitat resulting from sand and gravel dredging operations (MDNR 1996, MDNR 2000). TMDL development for this section of the river is listed as high priority.
Dry Auglaize Creek near Lebanon, Missouri is also listed as an impaired stream on the 303(d) list. A 1.5 mile section of this stream downstream from the Lebanon Waste Water Treatment Plant has been repeatedly polluted by sewage. Major concerns listed in this reach of stream include biological oxygen demand (BOD) and non-filterable residue (NFR). TMDL development for this section of Dry Auglaize Creek has not been completed.
For more information, contact MDNR's Water Pollution Control Program at (800) 361-4827 or (573) 751-1300.
Point Source Pollution
Several waste water treatment facilities of the basin have historically violated their discharge permits. As human population increases, these problems are likely to increase. Water quality concerns associated with point sources are listed in the Missouri Water Quality Basin Plan (MDNR 1996). The problems associated with point source discharges at this time include an increase in continued commercial and residential development at Lake of the Ozarks, which increases untreated sewage discharged to the lake. Many coves have excessive algal growth due to the nutrients in sewage.
The Clean Water Act requires wastewater dischargers to have a permit establishing pollution limits, and specifying monitoring and reporting requirements. The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) regulates household and industrial wastes that are collected in sewers and treated at municipal wastewater treatment plants. These permits also regulate municipal and industrial point sources that discharge into other wastewater collection systems or that discharge directly into receiving water.
The EPA also issues permits and maintains lists of toxic release, regulated hazardous waste, and permitted compliance system water dischargers into the basin. Current lists of permitees and supplemental information can be accessed at EPA's Surf Your Watershed website.
Non-Point Source Pollution
Significant forms of non-point source pollution which enter streams of the basin include untreated sewage, fertilizer, animal manure, and atmospheric deposition.
While much of the highly developed areas along Highway 54 have been sewered and their waste waters treated and discharged to the Osage River downstream of LOZ, sewage from thousands of lakeside homes is discharged to LOZ. The effects of this has been studied and to date this discharge source has not been recognized as a significant source of pollution. Although coves with high numbers of households do often have increased algae blooms associated with increased nutrients, there has not been sufficient documentation to warrant poor water quality conditions as a result of this form of nutrient input on Lake of the Ozarks.
A portion of the fertilizer which is applied to fields and lawns returns to the atmosphere as ammonia gas, and most of the rest is either taken up by plants or converted to nitrate in the soil. Consequently, most of the dissolved nitrogen that enters streams from runoff of fertilizer occurs as nitrate. Nitrate is a very mobile form of nitrogen. It is not readily retained by the soil and is highly soluble in water. Because of this mobility, nitrate is often applied in greater quantities than crops or lawns require. Also, given its high solubility, nitrate may be washed into adjacent streams by rain, or it may leach into the groundwater system (Pucket 1994)
The basin has a sizeable number of livestock operations. If not properly handled and disposed of, the accumulated manure from these operations can add nutrients to streams. Where livestock roam freely, large amounts of nutrients in the form of manure are distributed over the landscape and represent a true non-point source of pollution. However, where animals are confined to feedlots, barns, or sheds, they become more of a point-source pollution problem. In these situations, large quantities of manure commonly are concentrated in one location, and the nutrients that leach to ground and surface waters from storage areas may pose a water-quality problem (Pucket 1994).
When livestock waste enters a stream, nutrient contents of the stream rise and fecal coliform counts increase. Increases in nitrogen can result in dense algal growth which can deplete dissolved oxygen in the stream. Fish become stressed under these conditions, and in some cases fish kills occur. Also, cattle which drink the contaminated water may experience reduced weight gains. Increases in fecal coliform counts also make streams unsafe for human recreation.
Atmospheric deposition of nutrients such as nitrogen originates primarily from the combustion of fossil fuels, such as gas, coal, and oil. Atmospheric deposition of these nutrients often occurs with precipitation such as rain, snow, hail, or fog. The largest sources of these pollutants are coal and oil-burning electric facilities and large industries. However, automobiles, trucks, buses, and other forms of transportation can account for more than one-third of these sources. Even though these nutrients often come from point sources such as industrial plants, they still are called non-point source pollutants when they reach water bodies through precipitation. In the past, this type of non-point source pollution was largely ignored because it did not fit the traditional definition of a non-point source. This form of non-point source pollution can be significant. Over half of the nitrogen emitted from fossil-fuel-burning plants, vehicles, and other sources are deposited in watersheds (Pucket 1994).
Sediment input from construction sites which do not use best management practices can have serious negative impacts on streams and impoundments. Sediment input from crop fields is not as much of a concern throughout the basin, but can have localized negative impacts. Land use in the basin is listed as approximately 54.8% forest, 39.7% grassland, 2.5% open water, 1.6% cropland, and 1.6% urban. Sheet and rill erosion in the basin is estimated by the NRCS to be 2.5 tons/acre/year. Gully erosion is considerably less with 0-0.16 tons/acre/year. Since the majority of the land cover in this basin is forest and grassland, streams of the basin generally do not receive large amounts of sediment, and agricultural erosion is not considered to be a basin- wide problem. However, urbanization is continually increasing throughout the basin. With urbanization comes the destruction of vegetative cover and construction parking lots, buildings, shopping centers and residences, all impervious surfaces. With the steep hillsides and tremendous runoff effects of rainfall in the basin, if construction sites do not use best management practices to control erosion during their operations, sediment is transported and deposited in streams and reservoirs of the basin.
Prior to the construction of Truman Dam, the Upper Osage River carried significant amounts of sediment, as well as nitrogen and phosphorus into the basin. With the construction of Truman Dam, however, the sediment and nutrient inputs from the Upper Osage River have decreased.
Water Quality Studies and Concerns
A series of limnological studies have been conducted to monitor the water quality of Lake of the Ozarks. Initially the studies were designed to evaluate the effect of Truman Dam on Lake of the Ozarks (Jones and Novak 1981, Jones and Kaiser 1988). Sampling was continued to monitor and evaluate any changes in water quality over time (Jones 1993, Kaiser and Jones 1999). Jones and Kaiser (1988) found decreased loading of total phosphorus and suspended solids, and increased levels of chlorophyll, suggesting that Lake of the Ozarks had increased in productivity. Indirect evidence suggested that conditions were more favorable for algal growth after the construction of Truman Dam because of increased water clarity in Lake of the Ozarks. The water which entered Lake of the Ozarks had lower amounts of dissolved solids since these were now settling out in Truman Reservoir.
Water quality concerns associated with increased urban development will need to be addressed in the future for Lake of the Ozarks and streams around Lebanon, Missouri. The lower part of Lake of the Ozarks receives substantial nutrient inputs associated with development. Point source discharges, septic tanks, and lawn maintenance are causing localized, high levels of suspended algae in some coves.
Bacterial contamination in coves of lower Lake of the Ozarks is a continuing concern. However, studies in the past have shown that all coves tested had low levels of fecal coliform bacteria well within state water quality standards for whole body contact recreation (MDNR 1996).
Mitzelfelt (1985) studied Lake of the Ozarks to determine if urbanization and development was affecting water quality. Small but consistent differences in trophic state of near shore waters were found as development of the adjacent shoreline increased. Data based on nutrient levels, chlorophyll a levels, and secchi disk readings categorized the lower Lake of the Ozarks as mesotrophic although chlorophyll a and secchi readings bordered on eutrophic. Fecal coliform data showed large increases with increased development particularly over summer weekends and holidays. Many of the samples exceeded standards for whole body contact recreation. The high levels of fecal coliform bacteria were attributed to inadequate septic systems and occasional pleasure boat discharges of untreated sewage. Mitzelfelt (1985) also suggested it was unlikely that urbanization and development would have a major impact on Lake of the Ozarks water quality because of dilution and flushing effects of the reservoir.
The Missouri Department of Health (MDOH) and MDNR continue to monitor the water quality of Lake of the Ozarks to ensure that adequate wastewater and stormwater management are undertaken. Study results indicate that there is an increase in fecal coliform counts after heavy rainfall, suggesting the waste load is a result of runoff. Acknowledging this fact, state water quality regulations stipulate that the standard for fecal coliform bacteria does not apply during periods of stormwater runoff (10 CSR20-7.031(4)(c)).
Mitzelfelt (1985) also found that Lake of the Ozarks becomes temperature stratified during the summer months. The cold, lower layer of water, termed the hypolimnion, has very little or no dissolved oxygen (DO). Each summer, leakage and release of this hypolimnetic water through the turbines causes many miles of the Osage River downstream from the Bagnell Dam to have unnaturally low DO. Many fish kills have occurred in dam's tailwater as a result.
AmerenUE and MDC jointly developed and agreed upon operational changes to increase tailwater DO and reduce the likelihood of fish kills due to low DO. To increase DO of hydropower generation releases, AmerenUE allows more air to mix with the water by opening vents on all main turbines when DO is less than 3 mg/l at the turbine intakes. From June 1 to July 14, the DO of minimum releases (455 cfs; 25% gate setting) is improved by operating the house turbines with vents open. From July 15 to September 30, the house turbines are operated at 16% gate setting with vents open, which increases DO but reduces the flow to 385 cfs. In addition, when DO about 2,000 feet downstream near the MDC boat ramp is less than 2.5 mg/l, one main turbine is operated for one hour on and one hour off from 8:00 P.M. to 8:00 A.M. each night. Since implementation of the operating agreement in 1996, no fish kills have been reported due to low DO problems below Bagnell Dam.
Even with the operating agreement, summer DO levels still remain below the MDNR standard of 5 mg/l for many miles downstream of Bagnell Dam. During minimum flow conditions (385-455 cfs), DO can be 1 mg/l in some locations near the dam and can remain below 5 mg/l for up to 10 miles downstream. DO can remain below 5 mg/l for up to 70 miles downstream during peak generation. Although fish kills have been prevented since implementation of the 1996 agreement, DO levels below the 5 mg/l standard can stress fish, mussels, and aquatic insects, likely reducing growth, spawning, distribution, and diversity of aquatic biota.
The effects of gravel mining (the removal of gravel from streambeds) can be disastrous to a stream and the surrounding stream corridor as well as upstream and downstream stream reaches. Water quality problems associated with gravel mining in the basin include: increased turbidity downstream from mining, increase in gradient, increased water temperatures due to a disruption in the stream flow, and increased sedimentation. Little information on the extent of past or present gravel mining is known for the basin.
In recent years, there has been a relaxing of the rules and case laws concerning instream gravel mining operations in the United States. From 1995-1998, the USACE regulated instream removal of gravel from streams in the basin. Currently, there are no permits required for non-commercial gravel mining operations. Permits are required for commercial gravel mining operations. These are handled through the MDNR's Land Reclamation Division.
In the past, large commercial gravel operations have caused major upstream and downstream erosion within the basin. Linn Creek is one such example. A commercial gravel mining operation adjacent to the town of Linn Creek, Missouri mined considerable quantities of gravel from the adjacent streambed causing a 5-10 foot deep headcut to move upstream (Greg Stoner, MDC, personal communication). The effects of this operation were documented upstream for miles on Linn Creek and into two tributaries. A grade control structure built to protect one bridge later failed due to further incision. Other infrastructure damage along Linn Creek required $20,000 worth of repairs for telephone poles, cables, and phone lines and $19,000 worth of repairs for a sewer line. Up to 100 ft of lateral bank erosion occurring over a nine year period undermined nine residences and two businesses, resulting in an $875,000 buyout of those properties in 1994 by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Numerous structures are still in jeopardy. It is estimated that the damages caused by this gravel mining operation alone may exceed $1 million dollars before the streambed re-stabilizes. Sellar's Creek and Tavern Creek are two more examples where gravel removal has severely damaged habitat, water quality, and caused fish kills.
The majority of the gravel removal operations are non-commercial and presently not regulated. These mining operations are typically operated by landowners or local road districts to remove gravel from streams for use on farm roads. Landowners also rearrange gravel bars in an attempt to alleviate stream bank erosion. The cumulative effects of this small-scale but widespread gravel removal and streambed alteration are unknown at this time.
Although the cumulative effects of non-commercial gravel removal have not been well documented, they are considered to be a significant concern and possible source of habitat and water quality degradation. Between 1993-1998, the USACE regulated all instream gravel mining operations including non-commercial operations. The extent that gravel mining was permitted both commercially and non-commercially in the basin was extensive and is shown in Figure 32. Since the USACE now has limited involvement regulating this activity, the extent that these operations are currently removing gravel in most cases may be going unmonitored and having severe local impacts on streambeds, streambanks, riparian vegetation, and the species that rely on them.
Volunteer Water Quality Monitoring and Stream Clean-up
Volunteer water quality monitoring in the basin is conducted by both the Missouri Stream Teams program and the Lakes of Missouri Volunteer Program. The Missouri Stream Teams program was initiated by MDC, MDNR, and the Conservation Federation of Missouri. The Lakes of Missouri Volunteer Program is coordinated by the University of Missouri-Columbia, School of Natural Resources and funded by the EPA through MDNR.
Missouri Stream Team sampling sites for the basin are depicted in Figure 50. These volunteers participate in various projects such as litter cleanup, macroinvertebrate sampling, tree planting for bank stabilization, stream inventories, and educational exhibits. For a complete listing of the Missouri Stream Teams and to obtain the data that they have collected, please see the official Missouri Stream Team website.
Fish Consumption Advisories
The MDOH issues fish consumption advisories for Missouri. MDC collects fish annually for use in consumption advisories. The most current consumption advisory information is available from the Missouri Department of Health.
During 2001 the MDOH issued a statewide advisory regarding the consumption of largemouth bass in Missouri. The advisory targets pregnant women, nursing mothers, and children advising that they not consume largemouth bass. It also advises consumption of no more than a specified amount of bass by the remainder of the population. This advisory was issued due to a reduction in EPA's action level for mercury in fish tissue from 1,000 ppb to 200-300 ppb. Missouri's largemouth bass population has for many years had fish with mercury levels in the 200-300 ppb range. In 2001, 100% of the bass collected in Missouri and analyzed for metals contained mercury. Of those samples approximately 32% exceeded 200 ppb. The primary source of mercury to the environment is through air emissions. In Missouri, coal burning boilers account for 90% of mercury emissions.
Fish Kills
MDC maintains a listing of all reported fish kills within the basin and a list of pollution occurrences where no fish kill was reported but may have in fact been detrimental to aquatic populations. The earliest reported fish kill on record was in April of 1960 on a creek near Gravois Mills. Unfortunately, there is no record of the number killed or the cause of that fish kill. The most recent fish kill to date occurred in Lake of the Ozarks in October of 2001. An estimated 70 paddlefish were killed after becoming impinged on turbine intakes on the front of the dam.
The causes of recorded fish kills in the basin have included: low dissolved oxygen, sludge, petroleum, diesel fuel, sewage, gas bubble disease, temperature, parasites, physical injury from turbines, impingement on the face of Bagnell dam, detergent, hog manure, dairy cattle manure, molasses, severe siltation, stream habitat destruction, channelization, and herbicide. The estimated numbers of fish killed per incident range from as few as 3 fish killed in Lake of the Ozarks due to herbicide application to as many as 421,785 in Lake of the Ozarks due to a gas supersaturation in the water resulting from to the operation of Truman Dam.

subset: commoncrawl


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Extensions Module Manager Most Read
From Joomla! Documentation
Revision as of 16:59, 31 December 2011 by Chris Davenport (Talk | contribs)
Most Read Content Module
This Module displays a list of Articles with the highest hit counts. An example is shown below:
The Module Type name for this is "mod_mostread". This Module is not related to any other component.
At the top right you will see the toolbar:
The functions are:
- Save. Saves the module and stays in the current screen.
- Save & Close. Saves the module and closes the current screen.
- Save & New. Saves the module and keeps the editing screen open and ready to create another module.
- Save as Copy. Saves your changes to a copy of the current module. Does not affect the current module. This toolbar icon is not shown if you are creating a new module.
- Cancel/Close. Closes the current screen and returns to the previous screen without saving any modifications you may have made.
- Help. Opens this help screen.
Basic Options
- Module Class Suffix. A suffix applied to the CSS class of the Module. This allows you to create customized CSS styles that will apply just to this module. You would then modify the "template.css" file of your template to apply styling to this new class.
- Enter this parameter with a leading space to create a new CSS class for this module. Enter the parameter without a leading space to change the CSS class name for this module.
- See the tutorial Using Class Suffixes in Joomla! 1.5/1.6 for more information.
- Front Page Articles. Whether to Show or Hide Front Page Articles in the list.
- Count. The number of Articles to display in the list. The default value is 5.
- Category ID. Optional list of Category ID's. This will include only Articles in the listed Categories. Type a list of Category ID's, separated by a comma (for example, "29,31"). You can find the Category ID in the ID column of the Category Manager screen.
- Section ID. Optional list of Section ID's. This will include only Articles in the listed Sections. Type a list of Section ID's, separated by a comma (for example, "1,4"). You can find the Section ID in the ID column of the Section Manager screen.
Advanced Options
- Caching. Use Global/No Caching. Whether or not to cache the content of this Module. A setting of "Use Global" will use the Cache Settings from the Global Configuration screen.
- Cache Time. The length of time, in minutes, before the Module is re-cached.


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The Power of Independent Thinking
Repudiation in Antebellum MississippiAn Interview with Clifford F. Thies
Recorded: Wednesday, July 1, 2015
Clifford F. Thies, author of The Independent Review article Repudiation in Antebellum Mississippi, is interviewed on National Public Radios All Things Considered about the state of Mississippi defaulting on its loans in the 1840s. Other states defaulted on loans during this period, but most reconciled with debtors, but not Mississippi. Mississippi repudiated its debts, refusing to pay them.
Experts: Clifford F. ThiesType: RadioIssues: Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economic Policy, Fiscal Policy/Debt, History (U.S)
Childhood Poverty, Government Failures, and the Need for Economic Liberty
Recorded: Thursday, April 30, 2015
Senior Vice President Mary Theroux is interviewed on radio station KOGO in San Diego to talk about the latest on California's Maximum Family Grant rule for families on welfare. She discusses the underlying reasons why children are born into poverty and the difficulty of breaking the cycle of poverty.
Experts: Mary L. G. TherouxType: RadioIssues: Bureaucracy and Government, Business, Culture/ Society, Economic Policy, Education, Family, Labor and Employment, Politics, Privatization, Race Issues, Regulation and Deregulation, Urban Issues, Welfare, Womens Issues
John C. Goodman: Obamacare Individual Mandate Penalty
Recorded: Tuesday, January 20, 2015
Independent Institute Senior Fellow John C. Goodman, author of "Priceless: Curing the Healthcare Crisis" was interviewed on World News Radio to comment on the average person's penalty for not having health insurance under the Affordable Care Act.
Experts: John C. GoodmanType: RadioIssues: Culture/ Society, Economic Policy, Health Care, Labor and Employment, Political Ideology and Philosophy, Politics, Public Health/ Consumer Protection
Robert Higgs Discusses Effects of WWI on the Tom Woods Show
Recorded: Wednesday, July 30, 2014
Sr. Fellow Robert Higgs appeared on the Tom Woods radio show. Higgs discusses the 100th anniversary of the outbreak of World War I and its devastating effects on people and government.
Experts: Robert HiggsType: RadioIssues: Defense and Foreign Policy, Economic History and Development (International), Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economic Policy, Free Market Economics, History (International), History (U.S), Political Ideology and Philosophy
Ivan Eland Discusses Iraq History on Bob Zadek Show
Recorded: Tuesday, July 29, 2014
Sr. Fellow Ivan Eland joins radio host Bob Zadek for a discussion on the history of Iraq and how Eland's book Partitioning for Peace outlines strategies for a peaceful, and partitioned, Iraq.
Experts: Ivan ElandType: RadioIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Defense and Foreign Policy, Diplomacy and Foreign Aid, Economic Policy, Freedom, Government Power, History (International), Political Ideology and Philosophy
Lawrence McQuillan on the Fed's Zero Interest Rate Policy
Recorded: Thursday, July 17, 2014
Senior Fellow Lawrence McQuillan appeared on The Rob Schilling radio show to discuss the Fed's zero interest rate policy (ZIRP) and how this effects the economy.
Experts: Lawrence J. McQuillanType: RadioIssues: Banking and Finance, Economic Policy, Fiscal Policy/Debt
William F. Shughart Discusses the Import-Export Bank on The Gary Nolan Show
Recorded: Wednesday, July 9, 2014
Sr. Fellow William F. Shughart II appeared on The Gary Nolan radio show to discuss the Export-Import bank. In a recent syndicated Op-Ed, Shughart wrote that the Export-Import bank distorts prices and it interferes with the free flow of international commerce.
Experts: William F. Shughart IIType: RadioIssues: Banking and Finance, Business, Economic Policy, Labor and Employment, Trade
Ivan Eland on FSN Radio: Americas Presidents & Foreign Policy
Recorded: Thursday, May 15, 2014
Sr. Fellow Ivan Eland appears on The Financial Survival Network with host Kerry Lutz to talk about his book Recarving Rushmore which will be updated in the fall of 2014. The book ranks U.S. Presidents on issues of peace, prosperity, and liberty.
Experts: Ivan ElandType: RadioIssues: Diplomacy and Foreign Aid, Economic Policy, Government Power, History (International), History (U.S), Political Ideology and Philosophy, Politics, Terrorism and National Crises


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Search participating companies before, during and after the Orlando Home Show. It's like a digital home show at your fingertips year round, complete with booth numbers, store and contact information and even the option to email them directly for a quote.
Search By Keywords for a product or service by a
category below to view all exhibitors of interest to you.
HINT: less is more. "floor" will have more results than flooring.
Want To
The search tool will allow you to contact multiple companies at once!
Search Participating
companies here!
Read up on the latest tips & trends
in the home + garden world.
Receive VIP ticket deals,
celebrity tips, and show news.
© Copyright 2016 by Marketplace Events. All rights reserved. Privacy Policy.


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The Power of Independent Thinking
Emily Skarbek Interviewed on Budget & Tax News Podcast
Recorded: Thursday, December 2, 2010
MyGovCost.org Director and Independent Research Fellow Emily Skarbek was a guest on the Heartland Institutes Budget & Tax News podcast. Click to listen to her commentary on the roots of our current spending crisis, whats at stake in the Congressional budget war, and how to use the Institutes very timely and user-friendly Government Cost Calculator.
Experts: Emily C. SkarbekType: Radio
MyGovCost.org Director Emily Skarbek on Mad in the Middle
Recorded: Monday, November 15, 2010
MyGovCost.org Director Emily Skarbek Talks tax cuts and the Government Cost Calculator on Mad in the Middle.
The Jason Lewis Show Interviews Emily Skarbek on the Government Cost Calculator
Recorded: Wednesday, September 29, 2010
Dr. Emily Skarbek, Director of the Government Cost Calculator was interviewed on the nationally syndicated radio program, The Jason Lewis Show (Premiere Radio Networks). In the program, Dr. Skarbek uses MyGovCost.org to explain the specific effects of rampant government spending on the personal situation for any individual in America.
Experts: Emily C. SkarbekType: RadioIssues: Fiscal Policy/Debt, Taxes
Dr. Emily Skarbek Talks about the Government Cost Calculator on Taking Back America
Recorded: Wednesday, September 29, 2010
Dr. Emily Skarbek, Director of the Independent Institutes MyGovCost.org was interviewed on the nationally syndicated, web, radio blog, Taking Back America. During the interview, Dr. Skarbek uses MyGovCost.org to explain the specific effects of rampant government spending for any individual in America. Dr. Skarbek illustrates how an individual can find out what their own personal costs imposed by government are, and what they could have earned instead.
Bush, Obama, and Presidential Power
Recorded: Wednesday, January 7, 2009
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Was George W. Bush the worst president ever? Ivan Eland examines Bushs presidency and those of his predecessors to determine if their policies promoted peace, prosperity, and liberty while upholding the Constitution they swore to protect.
Experts: Ivan Eland, Ron Paul, Richard ShenkmanType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Banking and Finance, Bureaucracy and Government, Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Constitutional Law, Culture/ Society, Defense and Foreign Policy, Democracy, Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economic Policy, Freedom, Government Power, History (U.S), Nationalism, Political Ideology and Philosophy, Politics, Privacy, Terrorism and National Crises


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May 4, 2016
A Maryland man has been sentenced to more than 12 years in prison for robberies of banks in Maryland, Georgia, North Carolina and Delaware.
A news release from the U.S. Department of Justice said a federal judge on Wednesday sentenced 31-year-old Zachary Scott Shanaberger to 151 months in prison for four counts of bank robbery. According to his plea agreement, Shanaberger robbed nine banks in Maryland, Georgia, North Carolina and Delaware in 2010.
The agreement says the banks that were robbed included the Bank Annapolis in Severna Park, Md.; the BB&T Bank in Westminster, Md.; the M&T Bank in Frederick, Md. and the Howard bank in Ellicott City, Md.
Authorities say Shanaberger robbed two banks in Marietta, Ga., and banks in Dover, Del.; Kennesaw, Ga.; and Roanoke Rapids, N.C.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


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Dozen Red Roses With Green Leaves In Vase.The Unique Roses Arrangement For Delivery All Over The World.
This exquisite flower arrangement professionally
arranged by our local florist in Cambodia. Our experienced Cambodia florists will ensure that the style, theme and color scheme of your arrangement Express Your Love is preserved and
will substitute only fresh flowers of equal or higher value. Express Your Love are created and wrapped after you place the order.


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Nikon cameras in the movies: top 10 appearances
6. Gorillas in the Mist (1988)
Real-life zoologist Dian Fossey spent 18 years living with the endangered gorillas of Virunga National Park, the Congo. She eventually became a one-woman defence force against the local poachers. Although she was murdered in 1985 (with many believing poachers to be responsible), her conservation efforts became famous around the world. The biopic was inevitable, and we're lucky director Michael Apted did such a sensitive job.
The photographer: Fossey is played winningly by Sigourney Weaver, although reports claim that the conservationist was far more enigmatic and eccentric in real life. Although a National Geographic photo journalist, Fossey's lover Bob Campbell (played by Bryan Brown) spends a lot of time shooting a film we never get to see. Fossey is the one taking stills very convincingly with her trusty Nikon F.
Most famous for: The stunning footage of mountain gorillas, seamlessly integrated with shots of actors hulking around in animal suits. You wouldn't guess it wasn't all the real thing.
WORTH WATCHING? 50/50. Not a classic by any means, but it's still a great-looking film.
SEE MORE: 44 essential digital camera tips and tricks
7. Under Fire (1983)
This gripping movie, directed by Roger Spottiswoode, follows three journalists as they report on the last days of a civil war in Nicaragua – and fall in and out of love with each other. Photographer Russell Price (played by Nick Nolte) gets his lens dirty when he agrees to photograph a dead rebel leader to convince people that the man is still alive. He ends up producing an unforgettable image, in a similar vein to Alberto Korda's famous shot of Che Guevara.
The photographer: Handling a Nikon F2 like a pro is tougher than it looks, but Nick Nolte gets it exactly right, even showing us a bit of manual rewinding at times. Maybe this is thanks to the influence of the film's advisor Matthew Naythons, who'd worked as a photojournalist in wartorn Nicaragua. Just ignore the extra on the hotel roof – he's not so handy with his video camera!
Most famous for: This is a Hollywood movie about a real-life civil war, and unambiguously takes the side of the Sandinistas, against Somoza's dictatorship.
WORTH WATCHING? You could teach a course on old-school SLR photography using a DVD of Under Fire.
SEE MORE: Master your camera's autofocus – which AF points to use and when to use them
8. Blow-Up (1966)
This classic Sixties film is almost-but-not-quite based on a 'day in the life' of iconic fashion photographer David Bailey. Michelangelo Antonioni's most famous cinema outing sees mod photographer Thomas (David Hemmings) take some photos of two lovers in a park. He then 'blows up' his black-and-white images, only to find what he thinks is evidence of a murder. Returning to the park, he does discover a body, but after a night of partying he goes back in the morning to find that the corpse has disappeared. He then drifts back into the hazy world of the swinging Sixties, unable to understand what's happened.
The photographer: Oh dear. It obviously didn't occur to anyone on set to give Hemmings a tutorial on how to handle an SLR. He's all over the place in terms of technique– his left hand, in particular, almost never supports the camera as you'd expect it to. Nevertheless, the film turned the Nikon F from useful tool to iconic accessory overnight.
Most famous for: Its depiction of London life in the Sixties, from music to fashion.
WORTH WATCHING? Hemmings makes a hash of it, but this is still the most celebrated 'Nikon movie' ever made.
SEE MORE: Nikon accessories: a complete guide to your DSLR's ports, sockets and connectors
9. The Year of Living Dangerously (1982)
The book engages with the politics of Indonesia more directly, but in Peter Weir's film, the 1965 overthrow of President Sukarno is just a backdrop to the intertwining psychodramas of an Australian journalist (Mel Gibson), a British diplomat (Sigourney Weaver) and a Chinese-Australian photographer (Linda Hunt). Opportunistic Gibson is looking for the big story, while Hunt is full of moral outrage – and only one of them is doomed.
The photographer: Linda Hunt made history by becoming the first person to win an Oscar for playing a member of the opposite sex – Australian-Chinese dwarf photographer Billy Kwan. Standing at 4' 9", Hunt needs to perch on Gibson's shoulder to get the best shots with her Nikon F. This is the kind of photography advice you can only get at the movies!
Most famous for: At the time, The Year of Living Dangerously was the most expensive Australian film ever made. Meanwhile, Weir and Gibson endured death threats from Filipino Muslims.
Worth watching? As a history lesson, as you might expect, it's totally pants. However, it's still worth a look, simply for the intensity of Peter Weir's vision.
10. Superman Returns (2006)
Superman Returns is, oddly enough, a belated sequel to the Christopher Reeve-starring Superman 2 (1980) that entirely ignores the events of Supermans III and IV. Why? No one really knows. Brandon Routh makes a stunning debut as the Man of Steel, foiling a disappointingly mundane Lex Luthor (Kevin Spacey) scheme to generate Kryptonian real estate in the North Atlantic. Of course, he falls back in love with the Earth while he's at it. And Lois Lane (a fine Kate Bosworth).
The photographer: Sam Huntington plays Daily Planet photographer Jimmy Olsen. Sadly for Jimmy's career, his 80-400 VR lens doesn't quite manage to capture Superman at top speed. Sadly for Nikon fans, no one on set saw fit to tell poor Huntington how to hold his instrument…
Most famous for: Brandon Routh's performance is a brilliant homage to Christopher Reeve's – never descending to the level of imitation.
Worth watching? Maybe for Routh. Probably not for the photographer. Certainly not for the plot.
100 Nikon DSLR tips you really need to know
DX format vs FX format: what you need to know about Nikon's sensor sizes
Canon vs Nikon: shooting modes compared and explained
Canon EOS cameras: 100 things you never knew they could do
Pages 1 2


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Critics are accusing President Barack Obama of ducking questions during a satellite interview Friday afternoon with 9News, in which the TV station pressed him on the attack on the U.S. Consulate in Benghazi, Libya.
Asked twice whether the military denied requests for help from the besieged consulate Sept. 11, Obama told 9News reporter Kyle Clark that he was waiting on a thorough investigation.
"We're going to gather all the facts, find out exactly what happened and make sure it doesn't happen again, but we're also going to bring to justice those who carried out these attacks," Obama told Clark.
"And is it fair to tell Americans that what happened is under investigation and we'll all find out after the election?" Clark asked.
Obama answered, "The election has nothing to do with four brave Americans getting killed and us wanting to find out exactly what happened. Nobody wants to find out more what happened than I do."
The 9News report stressed that the president didn't directly address Clark's questions about the attack, which resulted in the deaths of U.S. Ambassador to Libya Chris Stevens and three others.
"As the president said, we are going to wait for all the facts to be gathered so we can figure out precisely what happened and make sure it never happens again," Obama campaign spokeswoman Kim Parker said, "but neither the president nor anyone in the White House denied any requests for assistance in Benghazi during the attack."
Clark's questions came as Fox News reported it had learned that security officers working for the CIA at an annex a mile from the consulate were told to "stand down" after they heard about the attack and asked their superiors whether they could help. Some ignored orders and went to the consulate, Fox News reported.
CIA spokeswoman Jennifer Youngblood told The Associated Press that the CIA acted quickly to help colleagues that night.
"No one at any level in the CIA told anybody not to help those in need," Youngblood said. "Claims to the contrary are simply inaccurate."
Fox News also reported that U.S. officials refused requests for U.S. warplanes to bomb the consulate's attackers — a violation of Libyan airspace.
Defense Secretary Leon Panetta told Pentagon reporters Thursday it would have been irresponsible to launch a military attack without better real-time information about the situation. The attack was over before they knew what was happening.
"There remain many unanswered questions regarding the Obama administration's response to the terrorist attack in Libya," said Romney Colorado campaign spokeswoman Alison Hawkins. "This is a serious issue, and the American people deserve serious answers to the questions that have been raised."


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Update: PS3 Timestamp Generator v1.1 is now available, which fixes a bug which valid numbers don't generate properly.
Over the weekend a guide was posted on how to Platinum any PS3 game instantly, and today I'm releasing my PS3 Timestamp Generator tool that allows you to generate timestamps for all of your hacked PlayStation 3 Trophies making you look more legit ever than before.
Download: PS3 Timestamp Generator v1
Note - I haven't tested this on a different platform yet. This was compiled with VS2010 (C#) and .NET Framework 3.5. So, please report me any bug you may have encountered.
Make sure you put correct numbers into the six text boxes, e.g.
2009 20 02 02 49 35
Don't put one digits, illegal numbers or non-numeric characters,
otherwise the program won't generate for you.
Once generated, copy the hex, open your TROPUSR.DAT with a hex editor and paste the hex underneath the line where it says a trophy ID. E.g:
0x21e0: 00 00 00 1C 00 00 00 01 00 01 10 00 00 00 00 00
0x21f0: 00 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX 00 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX
(1c is a trophy ID)
So paste your hex into these XXs (the first timestamp). Re-save it, overwrite it over your game's old TROPUSR.DAT via the FTP manager. Boot the game and ta-da!
(Note- each trophy ID has two separated timestamps, so I recommend using a newer hex (increased date/time) for the second timestamp.)
More PlayStation 3 News...


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Facility > Map
Map (St. John Rural Clinic)
P.O. Box 8312, St. John, VI 00831
Please go to Bing maps* for more information
* External Link Disclaimer:
By clicking on the link marked with asterisk (*), you will leave the Department of Veterans Affairs Website. VA does not endorse and is not responsible for the content of the linked website.


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Spring classes at Springfield High School
Spring classes at Springfield High School
Submitted on December 02, 2009 at 9:52 AM
Registration is open now for Volunteer State Community College spring semester classes at Springfield High School. There are four courses to choose from: English Composition II, Essentials of Biology, Elementary Statistics and Introduction to Sociology.
Online classes are another popular option at Vol State. The topics range from Human Growth and Development to Principles of Accounting, and include many of the general education requirement classes. Online classes allow students to work at home and on their own schedule. The complete spring schedule of classes can be found on the college web site.
Classes start January 14. New students will need to apply to the college before they can register for classes. That can be done online at www.volstate.edu or in person at the campus in Gallatin. Admissions Advisors can walk new students through the process by calling 615-230-3688.
A service provided by the Office of Public Relations.


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The Power of Independent Thinking
Anthony Gregory on Scott Horton Show
Recorded: Friday, April 19, 2013
Anthony Gregory, Research Fellow and author of The Power of Habeas Corpus in America: From the Kings Prerogative to the War on Terror, speaks to the anniversary of the Waco atrocity.
Experts: Anthony GregoryType: RadioIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Government Power, Law Enforcement, Religion
Waco, Twenty Years LaterWhat Statism Is All About
Recorded: Wednesday, April 17, 2013
Twenty years ago, Americans witnessed the greatest law enforcement atrocity in modern U.S history. On February 28th, 1993, the ATF raided the Branch Davidian home in Waco, Texas. The stand-off finally ended 51 days later, on April 19th, after the building went up in flames, killing 70 civilians including more than 20 children. Reflections by Independent Institute Research Fellow Anthony Gregory.
Experts: Anthony GregoryType: Independent Institute TVIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Culture/ Society, Law Enforcement, Religion
Anthony Gregory at P.A.U.L. Festival 2012
Recorded: Saturday, August 25, 2012
Independent Institute Research Fellow and Student Programs Director Anthony Gregory addresses P.A.U.L. Festival 2012 on Government Power and the Road to Liberty.
Experts: Anthony GregoryType: Other EventIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Constitutional Law, Culture/ Society, Free Market Economics, Freedom, Nationalism, Political Ideology and Philosophy, Property Rights
Full Video of The Independent Institutes 25th Anniversary Gala for Liberty
Recorded: Tuesday, November 15, 2011
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Full Video of The Independent Institutes 2011 25th Anniversary Gala for Liberty held November 15, 2011.
Part 1: Introductory Remarks and Tribute to Robert Higgs
Part 2: Tribute to Mario Vargas Llosa
Part 3: History of The Independent Institute and Fund for the Future
Part 4: Tribute to Lech Walesa
Part 5: Special Tributes, Sponsors, and Credits
Experts: Leszek Balcerowicz, Price V. Fishback, Robert Higgs, Ron Paul, Jorge Quiroga, David J. Theroux, Archbishop Desmond M. Tutu, Mario Vargas Llosa, Lech Wałęsa, Yuri Yarim-AgaevType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Bureaucracy and Government, Business, Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Constitutional Law, Defense and Foreign Policy, Democracy, Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economic Policy, Government Power, History (International), History (U.S), Latin America, Nationalism, Political Ideology and Philosophy, Politics, Privatization, Property Rights, Terrorism and National Crises


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Members of Parliament have urged the government to ensure that the African Youth Charter is fully implemented to solve problems facing youths which include unemployment, troubled education system and marginalisation during appointments to key posts.
The legislators made the appeal when debating the proposed Parliamentary Resolution to ratify the African Youth Charter that was tabled by the Minister for Information, Youth Culture and Sports, Emmanuel Nchimbi.
Ester Bulaya (Special Seats - CCM) said it was not proper that most of the decent and high-paid jobs especially in the hotel industry were monopolised by foreigners while the youths remained unemployed or restricted to low paying jobs such as housekeeping.
"This should be clarified because youths are suffering under the pretext of lack of required qualifications, but we are aware that there are a good number of graduates capable of holding managerial posts," noted Bulaya.
She warned that if the current trend of sidelining the youths, in different matters, including political may lead to unnecessary conflicts.
Mbozi West legislator David Silinde demanded clarification from minister Nchimbi why it took so long for the Charter that was signed by President Jakaya Kikwete in 2006 to be brought in the House now.
He also questioned what he termed as a divisive system of Higher Education Student Loans Board (HESLB) that set the percentage based on pass marks attained by a student, arguing that those who got bigger percentage regarded themselves as being favoured by government and thus privileged ones.
"If you look at the examination results you will realise that most of the students who get low marks are from rural areas, an unhealthy situation for the education sector and youths as well as the nation's future. This should be reversed," he stressed.
Silinde complained: "When the youths vie for political posts the general concept of the public is that they need more time before they can be trusted. But I and other young MPs have proved that concept wrong."
For his part the MP for Tarime, Nyambari Nyangwine (CCM) argued that it was not proper to demand five to ten–year working experience from the fresh graduates.
Halima Mdee (Kawe, Chadema) asserted that since the African Youth Charter provides for youths' freedom to political participation it was wrong to expel some of the higher learning students due to their political affiliation.
"We are informed that some of the students are expelled from universities because they are affiliated to political parties. This practice should be stopped forthwith because it contravenes the Charter that we are passing in this House," said Halima.
Felix Mokosamali Muhambwe (NCCR-Mageuzi) legislator said it was absurd to learn that it was almost impossible for a young qualified person to be appointed to posts of ambassador, regional commissioner or to head various commissions.
"One day I was talking to Minister Wassira (Stephen) and he told me that Mwalimu Julius Nyerere appointed him when he was almost Mkosamali's age. I then asked him: "Why don't the government appoint youths to key post?" he complained.
Joseph Mbilinyi, official spokesperson on matters related to ministry of Information Youth Culture and Sports said it was high the government ensured official areas are allocated for petty traders who have on several occasions clashed with the police for conducting businesses in areas set aside for other purposes.
Chairperson of the parliamentary standing Committee on Community Development Jenister Mhagama said her committee recommended that the Resolution be ratified with reservations on the requirement for formulation of youth policy in the Parliament which was not practical as the Tanzania's practice is that any policy formulation begins at the level of cabinet before the document is presented in the House.
According to MP Mhagama the second matter is the charter's requirement to allow all female youth students who become pregnant or get married to be allowed to continue with their studies. This is because existing polices and laws are against such requirements.
The African Youth Charter that is expected to be ratified through Parliamentary resolution provides among other things, setting up grounds for youths participation in decision making, democratic processes and economic activities.
The African Youth Charter that is expected to be ratified through Parliamentary resolution provides among other things, setting up grounds for youths participation in decision making, democratic processes and economic activities.


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Heike Hoedt
this wiki
Since 1996 Heike Hoedt has been associated with Solare Brücke, a non-profit organisation registered in Germany. Solare Brücke is developing and promoting technical know-how on Scheffler Reflectors, their applications, and other solar thermal devices, like box cookers and solar food dryers. She is a board member of Solare Brücke for over a decade now and has guided numerous projects around the world. She has dedicated her time to technology transfers and technical follow up to assist many NGOs and individuals in using solar energy through locally manufactured technologies. From 2005 to 2010 Heike was working extensively with the Afghan Bedmoschk Solar Center, implementing renewable energies in Afghanistan. She is an adivsor to the India One Solar Powerplant in Rajasthan, India. In 2010 she initiated Solar Simply Solar, an engineering and consultancy company that clubs together the efforts of various people in the field of alternative solar technologies. She is one of Simply Solars directors.
Together with Wolfgang Scheffler she received the Nuclear-Free Future Award 2006 in the category "Solutions". The ceremony was held at the Navajo Education Center on Dec. 1, 2006.
- January 2009: Back-up for Solar Driers With Hygroscopic Calcium Chloride - Wolfgang Scheffler & Heike Hoedt
Solare Bruecke e.V.
Graf von Werdenbergstr.
Office: 49-09075-701338
Fax: 49-9075-701338
See also
- July 2006: An Example of an Informal Strategy for Dissemination of Solar Cookers - Heike Hoedt
- July 2006: An Example of Solar Food Processing: Cooperative Production of Agave Syrup in Mexico - Heike Hoedt


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Yanga hit bottom placed Villa Squad 1-0 in a Vodacom Premier League match at the National Stadium in Dar es Salaam yesterday.
This is the second win in a row for the defending champions after the Tanzania Football Federation (TFF) banned five of their key players for causing chaos in their match against Azam FC last Saturday.
The win brought Yanga to 43 points and momentarily displaced Azam FC at second spot as they have 41 points and have a match later today.
The goal was scored by Ugandan striker Hamisi Kiiza one minute before the final whistle when he connected a Haruna Niyonzima cross.
Villa Squad who defeated Simba 1-0 while they were only ten players, complained about the goal claiming that an offence was committed before the ball entered the net.
Yanga defeated African Lyon with the same margin without the banned players. The banned players are Jerryson Tegete (six months), Stephano Mwasika (one year), Nurdin Bakari and Omega Seme (to miss three matches each).
Villa Squad coach Habib Kondo claimed that the referee contributed to his team's defeat as the scorer snatched the ball from the hands of their goalie Daudi Mwasonga.
Yanga coach Kostadin Papic said he was happy with the win.


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May 5, 2016
VALDOSTA, Ga. – Valdosta State, in just its second season of competition, will compete in the field of 48 teams in the NCAA Division II National Soccer Tournament.
The Blazers will face North Alabama (12-5-1) for the right to play top seed West Florida (19-1) in the second round. Valdosta State earned the fifth seed while UNA sits fourth.
While the Gulf South Conference claimed the first, fourth and fifth seeds, the Sunshine State Conference claimed the rest with Tampa (13-3-4) in the third slot facing off against Barry (7-6-2) as the sixth seed. The winner will face second seed Rollins (12-4-2).
Valdosta State's match against North Alabama will take place in Pensacola, Fla., hosted by West Florida on Friday. The winner will face the Argonauts on Sunday for the right to face the survivor of Rollins, Tampa or Barry.
In the only match between Valdosta State and North Alabama this season, the Lions prevailed in Valdosta, 4-3.
Continue to check back at www.vstateblazers.com for updates throughout the week in order to support your Blazers in their first NCAA Division II Championship Tournament appearance.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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May 6, 2016
It was a big day for two banks in the east as they officially completed their merger.
Several local East Carolina banks opened their doors Monday in Greenville as Vantage-South banks after a merger between the two companies.
Following the merger, it is the largest community bank in eastern North Carolina, according to the company's website.
The Vantage-South network expanded through the addition of 25 ECB branches and now provides customers with 45 banking locations from the central piedmont to the coast.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


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Leather Bottom Blazer
Product Actions
Exclusively Ours!
Wool one-button blazer with leather bottom, notch lapels, front vertical welt pockets, and short center back vent. Available in Black. Wool/leather. Dry clean. Style # 502079607
Need Help? Have Questions? Contact Us.
Please call 1.888.222.7639 to speak with a Customer Service Representative.
We're here to help you:
Monday - Friday, 9 AM - 9 PM (ET)
Saturday - Sunday, 10:30 AM - 7 PM (ET)
If you prefer email, we can be reached anytime at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Free Shipping & Returns on all U.S. Orders. See Details.


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We are committed to:
Sponsored by Move to Amend in association with the Iowa Green Party and others.
April 22nd EARTH DAY
Battlefield Earth: Violent Conflict/Global Health, 28-30 March 2014. Sponsored by the University of Iowa Global Health Studies Program. For more information, contact http://clas.uiowa.edu/global-health-studies/events-resources
Earth Month Events posted in Iowa City calendar, www.icgov.org/esrc
Please visit www.gp.org to view the national platform. For information about Green parties in each county, see contacts.
You may now register as a member of the Iowa Green Party on state registration forms. We need your help to elect our dedicated candidates, and to gain continued access to the ballot itself. In addition to officially registering, to let us know of your interest, please complete the form below, or send an e-letter to our secretary Holly Hart, at firstname.lastname@example.com.
We hope to see you at one of our meetings, and above all, we hope that you will VOTE GREEN in future elections.


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26 U.S. Code § 6216 - Cross references
prev | next
Source(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 773; Pub. L. 96–589, § 6(i)(9),Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3411; Pub. L. 97–248, title IV, § 402(c)(3),Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 667.)
1982—Par. (4). Pub. L. 97–248added par. (4).
1980—Par. (1). Pub. L. 96–589struck out reference to bankruptcy proceedings.
Effective Date of 1982 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 97–248applicable to partnership taxable years beginning after Sept. 3, 1982, with provision for the applicability of the amendment to any partnership taxable year ending after Sept. 3, 1982, if the partnership, each partner, and each indirect partner requests such application and the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate consents to such application, see section 407(a)(1), (3) ofPub. L. 97–248, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6221 of this title.
Effective Date of 1980 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 96–589effective Oct. 1, 1979, but not applicable to proceedings under Title 11, Bankruptcy, commenced before Oct. 1, 1979, see section 7(e) ofPub. L. 96–589, set out as a note under section 108 of this title.
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


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Wedding & Photography Policy
The City of Boston's beautiful parks and gardens offer space for small weddings and photographs. These events require a permit issued by the Boston Parks and Recreation Department.
The City of Boston's beautiful parks and gardens offer space for small weddings and photographs. These events require a permit issued by the Boston Parks and Recreation Department.
Although weddings and wedding photographs are private affairs, when held in a park couples, attendants, guests, and photographers must strive to conduct their ceremony and photographs in a manner that does not impact or deter the general public's enjoyment of our parks.
This policy is in accordance with Park Commission Rules, environmental protection, and sound management practices. To ensure park protection and little or no park disruption, the Department enforces limit capacity and activities within the following guidelines.
Couples must apply for a wedding ceremony or photographs by submitting:
Special Event Permit Application
Cashier's or bank check payable to the City of Boston at least 10 business days prior to the event.
City of Boston Residents: $50.00
Non-City Residents: $100.00
The Public Garden, Back Bay
Swan Boat rentals in The Public Garden are available for rides and photographs during regular operating hours. Wedding ceremonies are not permitted on the Swan Boats. To make a reservation for your wedding guests, please call the Boston Swan Boats directly at 617-522-1966.
Kelleher Rose Garden, Back Bay Fens
Christopher Columbus Park Trellis, North End
Jamaica Pond Bandstand, Jamaica Plain
School Master Hill, Franklin Park, Dorchester
Applications are accepted in the same calendar year as the wedding. Select a date, fill out Special Event Application, attach payment, and mail it to the Boston Parks Department. For more information, please contact the Director of Permitting at 617-635-4874.
2014 Special Event Application
Marriage Intentions, Licenses, Certificate and Ceremony Information


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October Rotation
- Friday September 26th – Miller Park
- Game (159): Brew Crew 5 – Cubs 1
- Record (96-63)
The skinny: So, Lou has set the post season rotation as follows: Dempster, Zambrano, Harden & Lilly.
No question Ryan is the No.1 with the opener at Wrigley.
The right-hander is (14-3) at home with a 2.86 ERA including 114 punchouts vs. just 52 walks.
Furthermore, Dempster has allowed just six home runs in 129.0 innings pitched at the Friendly Confines, that's hugely important in October when home runs are magnified.
And, should the series need a fifth game, Dempster will again pitch at home.
My personal change to the rotation would be dropping Z' to the four spot, moving Harden to the No. 2 and making Lilly the No. 3.
Might sound nuts, but I would rather see a reliable Harden go instead of Zambrano possibly going coo-coo for CoCo Puffs in front of the home crowd.
Plus, should Z' bring his A-game on the road, that'll go a long way in quieting the home crowd.
Still like Lilly going in front of Zambrano too.
The crafty lefty has been hot lately; he's (7-3) since the All Star break, (3-1) in four September starts and (3-0) in his last three outings.
Plus, Lilly's road ERA of 3.89 is far better that his home mark of 4.50.
All that being said, the Cubs' rotation is strong no matter who pitches in what turn, it's the bullpen that's the real concern.
Turns out I was right about Howry; Lou is including him on the post season roster.
Of course, I haven't said many positive things about Howry, and I wouldn't have him pitching in my post season pen, but it's worth noting that Howry's lone positive is his professionalism.
No matter the situation, the righty won't get flustered or lose his composure on the mound.
That alone makes Howry a valuable addition, but it's a stretch nonetheless.
Although, given another bad outing by Gaudin tonight and Howry appears to be the hotter hand, sadly enough.
You know things aren't going well for Gaudin when he allows a go-ahead home run to the (.236 avg.) batting Rickie Weeks.
On the other hand, Edmonds' long ball this evening is a positive, the Cubs desperately need his left-handed bat in the lineup next week.
And, it seems the veteran is warming up for post season play, he's notched three dingers in his last eight games.
The next two games seem of little importance to Chicago, but I'd still prefer the Cubs face New York than either Philly or L.A.
And for that to be the case, the Cubs need the next two games.
Tampa Bay Rays winners of the AL East, who knew!!!
W – McClung (6-6)
L – Marshall (3-5)
- Notes: Cubs have won 10 of 15.
- They're (8-6) overall vs. Milwaukee this season, (4-1) at Miller Park.
- With Edmonds' blasts the Cubs now have six players with 20+ HR: Soriano, Aramis, Lee, Soto, DeRosa and Jimmy.


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this wiki
|フドウ Fudō
|Naruto Shippūden Episode #54
|Appears in
|Voice Actors
Fudō (フドウ, Fudō) was a member of the group of grave robbers who dug up four of the dead Twelve Guardian Ninja. He was the brute force of the group, and was usually shown paired up with Fuen.
Fudō was portrayed as an arrogant brawler, an image which was further enhanced by his wild hair and bear-like stature. He had great confidence in his abilities, and despised being looked down upon. During his first battle against Team Yamato, he ridiculed Fuen for not giving him the credit he deserved for the trap. Fudō, being so reliant on his strength, tended to underestimate his opponents, thereby allowing smarter opponents to easily deceive him.
He demonstrated tremendous taijutsu prowess, as evident from how many Konoha ninja he took down on his own. He also showed tremendous strength, as shown from how effortlessly he broke free from Yamato's wood bindings. Also, he could summon chakra into the palm of his hand to become visible and enhance his strikes. His precision of this was shown great enough to engrave a Konoha emblem in rock.
Nature Transformation
Fudō's battle style relied mainly on his earth nature techniques and physical strength. Despite his brutish nature, he proved to be very crafty and skilled in earth-based techniques, being able to use wide-scale techniques with seemingly no effort to help catch his opponents off guard. During the initial attack on Konoha, his earth-based prowess was shown from being able to easily take down dozens of Konoha ninja while almost casually walking towards his destination and if needed blend into the rocks and move in and out of them undetected. He can cause the ground and everything on and around it to be sucked in towards the middle of a large pit, trap a person in prison made of hard rock pillars or create a coffin made of rock sections that can crush the opponent.
He can collapse caves or harden mud and rock from the ground into sharp spears. The pinnacle of his skill in manipulating earth chakra was shown from his ability to summon earth and alter it around the entire terrain to suit his team's needs though he needs a diagram of the terrain he creates beforehand and resurrect and continually create an army of zombies from slain people. Another ability of his was to utilise his earth chakra to absorb the properties of stone around him to form a skin-deep armour capable of defending him from nearly all forms of physical attacks, whilst at the same time making his strikes more destructive or create a large wall of earth to protect himself.
Part II
Twelve Guardian Ninja Arc
Fudō made his first appearance with Fuen whilst looking for one of the four lightning chakra users of the Twelve Guardian Ninja. He later assisted his allies in their battle with Team Yamato, using his Earth Release: Wheel of Fortune to change the landscape to their advantage. After successfully trapping their targets, Fudō faced off against Yamato. He quickly took the offensive with his head-on brute strength, and Yamato's attacks were unable to bypass Fudō's stone-like armour. Fudō eventually "finished" the fight by seemingly crushing Yamato, unaware that Yamato had managed to escape unharmed.
Later, during the attack on Konohagakure, Fudō played a huge part in the invasion, first by utilising his prowess in using his earth chakra to plough through Konoha's defences, and then by once again altering the terrain to suit his team's plan. With a new twist, Fudō's technique summoned hundreds of undead ninja to preoccupy the Leaf ninja. Fudō then found himself once again up against Yamato. While the battle progressed the same as before at first, Yamato realised that Fudō was very susceptible to water. Yamato drenches the area, causing Fudō to sink underground and his armour to weaken. Yamato then finished off Fudō by trapping him with Wood Release: Tree Bind Flourishing Burial, making a tree grow around him, crushing Fudō in the process. Upon his death, Fudō's last technique was cancelled, causing all the zombies to turn to dust and the village to return to normal.


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The Haitians are a street gang in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City. They are the main rivals of the Cubans, and they vie for control of the poorer neighborhoods of Vice City (Little Haiti and Little Havana).
Auntie Poulet, the leader, gives Tommy Vercetti mind-altering drugs to make him use less-than-honest tactics in their war against the Cubans. Vercetti spurred by his friendship with the Cubans, massacres members of the Haitian gang and completely destroys their large drug manufacturing plant (killing many more members in the process), thereby severing all ties with Poulet and the gang. After this, the Haitians become openly hostile to Vercetti and later his gang members. The Haitians do not appear in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories, meaning they became active in the city sometime between 1984 and 1986.
Haitian gang members are seen wearing either blue shirts (reading RELAX), white pants and baseball caps, or light purple sleeveless shirts, jeans and blue bandanas.
After the mission Trojan Voodoo, the Haitians will attack you whenever you are in their territory (Little Haiti). The gang will appear with pistols, or sometimes just fighting with their fists just like the other gangs.
Haitian-American discrimination controversy
The third version of GTA Vice City had all references to the Haitian people removed, (along with a number of other trademarks), in response to Cuban and Haitian groups in the United States, who threatened to use action against Rockstar Games, on the basis that they were being discriminated against. A Haitian organization in the US against racial opression was highly offended by the comments used in the game, such as when Vercetti is ordered to "shoot the Haitian dickheads". Because of this, the word 'Haitian' was taken out of the game's subtitles and they were simply refered to as 'Gangsters'.
Mission Appearances
Grand Theft Auto: Vice City
- The outfit worn by Haitian gang members is another of GTA Vice City's numerous references to the TV series Miami Vice -- their clothes are based on a prominent extra seen in the show's pilot episode, in the scene where Rico Tubbs first arrives at Miami International Airport. The clothing worn by the Haitian's rivals, the Cubans, is based on another extra walking alongside the first.
- In The Well Stacked Pizza Co. branch in Little Haiti, there is a Haitian gang member that spawns in the kitchen facing the cooker as if he's helping out. Perhaps community service or an alloted job from the Vice City Police Department, or simply just a pedestrian model. This individual gangster is not hostile to you in any way even after the collapse of the Haitians factory.
- The baseball cap wearing variant of the Haitian gang member featured an ironed-on depiction of the infamous "I Want YOU for the U.S. Army" poster on his shirt during development of GTA Vice City [1] before the game's developer settled on using a plain white "RELAX" text instead..
- The favorite radio station's of the Haitian's are Flash FM and Fever 105.


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Juarez Chic? Fashion Makes a Wrong Turn at the Border
Fashion label Rodarte and M.A.C. Cosmetics are changing some of the product names of a cosmetics and clothing line inspired by violence-ridden border town Ciudad Juarez. The collection features off-white chiffon and lace garments and lipstick and nail polish in shades referred to as Factory, Juarez and Ghost Town.


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Auto Air Colors offer breakthrough waterbased airbrush paint technology!
Auto Air Iridescent Colors are semi-opaque colors with a semi-gloss finish. Best used over Base Coat Sealer Dark or Deep Black. Can be used alone for iridescent finishes, or as a base for Transparent colors or Candy colors.
Use these paints for vehicles and signs. The ready-to-spray colors can be used on metal, fiberglass, plastic, vinyl, wood, concrete, and glass. Auto Air Colors are permanent, lightfast, and non-toxic.
Color Chart Note — Use this color chart as an approximation of the real color. If exact color matching is necessary, use actual samples of the materials.
® Createx is a registered trademark. ™ Auto Air is a trademark.


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No it was not polished form the get go not in a milion years it had it problems and bugs as many mmos does when released but great from the get go no.
Yes TESO combat system is not the best it´s bad yes but it´s also fun because it´s more interactive geesh do you guys even read anything or just read one line and think I mean just that.
And no poeticas I don´t use fan boy as an insult I use form a term of a Persson who defend there game till the end even if they would change it from good to rely rely bad.
But yes TESO has many flaws many bugs but it´s not the first game to have it on release SWTOR,TERA,Neverwinter had it also on release maybe less than TESO but over time all does games fixed there problems and still does.
Yes using TESO for example may been bad but I also used Tera, Vindictus as an example for the combat system I like I was talking about I like the more action combat system I never said anything how polished or not it was but that it was Action based and that´s what I mean with fan boys your to blind your love for your game is so high when trying to talk to you it´s like trying to talk to a wall you don´t listen and you keep repeating your self about your game why it´s so great and what not so I see fanboy not as an insult but as a term for what you are a person who won´t listen and takes anything said about there game that´s is not what you think like an insult because of your obsession of the game and any one not liking your game is wrong. Like TB would say there is no point to have a conversation with a Fanboy because they won´t listen anyway.