text:
Los Altos City Council votes to scold VTA in letter
- Details
- Published on Tuesday, 17 April 2007 20:00
- Written by Megan Ma - Town Crier Staff Writer
A professional assessment of the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA) released last month produced a stinging criticism of the agency's financial practices and organizational structure that had Los Altos City Council members nodding in agreement.
Four council members led by David Casas agreed to adopt a city resolution urging the agency to implement, within 180 days, the nine recommendations made by HayGroup consultants, a firm hired by VTA to conduct the study. Los Altos will forward the letter to cities in Santa Clara County, which could join
in support.
Cutting costs and providing a "true picture" of the agency's current status is crucial, according to the report. The agency's long-term expenditure plan currently faces a shortfall estimated at $2.9 billion. To continue operation, VTA must stop dipping into its operating reserves and develop new revenue sources, the
report states.
"VTA just experienced its own earthquake. This report comes out showing that their house is not in order and that they aren't being financially prudent," said Casas, who sat on the agency's board in 2004 and 2005.
Casas staunchly opposed a proposed VTA half-cent sales tax, a countywide general measure that voters defeated last year.
The "scathing" audit, he said, could hurt the agency's plan to seek a smaller, transportation-only sales tax on the November 2008 ballot.
Casas criticized the agency that he observed during his two years on the board as "operating under political interests with backroom deals."
Los Altos Hills City Councilman Breene Kerr, who currently sits as a VTA board member, said "The board fully intends to follow through with it (implementation of the nine recommendations)."
"There have been problems with the VTA for decades," said Los Altos City Councilman Ron Packard. The success of any future tax initiative will hinge on the manner in which the agency follows through with the recommendations, he added.


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Direct Deposit
This form is used to sign up for direct deposit, make a change, or cancel your direct deposit. Complete this form with required account documentation and bring to the Payroll Department in Maher Hall 112.
- Direct Deposit form (PDF)
Payroll Request Form
For Address Change, Paycheck Distribution preference, View Payslip Online, W-2 or Payslip copy.
- Payroll Request Form (PDF)
Makeup Time Request
The Personal Obligation Make-Up Time form is used when an employee requires personal time off but will not be using sick or vacation time during the absence. This form must be completed and approved by a supervisor before the time is actually taken. Time made up must take place in the same work week as the time taken off. A copy of this form should be submitted to Payroll on the timecard due date.
- Makeup Time Request form (PDF)
Meal Break Waiver
Waiving a meal break to allow an employee to complete his/her day's work may only be done when the employee's work period is not more than six hours. The meal period may be waived by mutual consent of the employee and the employee's supervisor. A copy of the Meal Break Waiver should be submitted to Payroll on or before the timecard due date.
- Meal Break Waiver form (PDF)
Form W4: Employee's Withholding Allowance Certificate
This form is used to establish your withholding allowances for federal income taxes. If claiming exempt from federal withholding, you will need to complete a new form each year as your "exempt" status expires February 18.
- 2016 Form W4 (PDF)
- 2015 Form W4 en español (PDF)
Form DE4: Employee's Withholding Allowance Certificate
This form is used to establish your withholding allowances for state income taxes. Filing this form is optional; however, if you want the same allowance to by applied to the State of California taxes write "Both" on the top of the Form W4.
- Form DE4 (PDF)
Substituting Work Day Request (4/10 only)
The personal obligation Substituting Work Day Request form is used when an employee requests to substitute one day of work for another day as a result of a personal obligation. This form must be completed and approved by a supervisor before the substituted day is worked. The substituted day of work must be performed in the same week that the scheduled day is lost. A copy of this form should be submitted to Payroll prior to the timecard due date.
Manual Time Card
This form is used to submit your time when you have not recorded all of your hours in Kronos or are unable to log into Kronos. If you are unable to log into Kronos, please contact the Payroll Department immediately by phone at (619) 260-4818. This timecard should be completely filled out with your information, signature and your supervisor's approval prior to submitting to the Payroll Department, which is located in Maher Hall 112.
- Manual Time Card form (PDF)
Contact Information
Finance Office
Maher Hall 112
5998 Alcalá Park
San Diego, CA 92110
Phone: (619) 260-4818
Fax: (619) 260-2988
Office Hours
Monday - Friday: 9 a.m. - 4 p.m.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
STMicroelectronics Hails Success of Advanced Single-Chip Integration in New Wireless Modules from SenseAnywhere
"The cooperation with ST made it possible to realize significant improvements in the output performance, sensitivity and impedance matching of our RF modules and sensors, as well as minimizing unwanted harmonics," said Tom Heijnen, Founder and Managing Director of SenseAnywhere. "At the same time, we have seriously reduced overall application size as well as savings in bill-of-materials costs and reduced assembly and test costs."
Inside the SenseAnywhere modules, ST's BAL-CC1101-01D3 balun balances the connection between the radio and antenna, replacing discrete components that would occupy up to 30mm2 of pc-board space with a single 2.1mm2 integrated circuit. Moreover, single-chip integration enables closer impedance matching, greater stability, and reduced device-to-device spread by minimizing variations between circuit features on the same silicon substrate.
The BAL-CC1101-01D3 is the first in a new family of integrated baluns from ST, which are matched to specific RF-transceiver chipsets. Optimized for ultra-low-power applications in sub-GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM), and Short-Range Device (SRD) frequency bands, the ETSI1- and FCC2 -compliant BAL-CC1101-01D3 delivers advantages including an integrated harmonic filter delivering improved harmonic attenuation, low insertion loss, and operation up to 85°C, in addition to its tiny footprint.
"The advanced single-chip integration of our new balun family helps customers overcome significant RF-system design challenges to deliver higher-performing products while reducing cost and time to market," said Richard Renard, Senior Product Marketing Engineer, STMicroelectronics. "SenseAnywhere's AiroSensor and AssetSensor using the ST balun are genuinely advanced products that offer unique benefits to integrators of sensing and location systems."
Beyond the new balun, ST contributed its compact, flexible, and lowest-power LIS2DH accelerometer, and low-power EEPROMs to the SenseAnywhere IoT modules, ensuring long-lasting and accurate performance.
The BAL-CC1101-01D3 is now available for production orders, in the 2.1mm2 flip-chip package, priced from $0.26 for orders of 5000 pieces.
About SenseAnywhere
SenseAnywhere develops and markets wireless transceiver modules, sensor-enabled active RFID tags, wireless sensors and data loggers that easily connect to any application through the Internet.
The company's technology and devices enable customers to realize real-time location systems using Active RFIDs, sensor-enabled active RFIDs and wireless data loggers for amongst others motion, temperature and humidity.
Years of RF, analog and digital engineering has led to an ultra-low-power RF transceiver platform that is extremely easy to use. The complete RF-protocol handling and network management is integrated on the modules and AccessPoints. No pairing or key management are required, and all network components are plug and play. The ultra-low-power technology enables SenseAnywhere to create active RFID devices, sensors and data loggers like the AssetSensor and the AiroSensor that will operate autonomously in the field for 10 years.
With more than 15 years of experience in developing wirelessly networked products and communication protocols for business to business customers, SenseAnywhere's network technology has been proven in tens of thousands of products, and will be at the heart of numerous innovative products and equipment joining the Internet of Things.
Click here for the high-resolution photo
About STMicroelectronics
ST is a global leader in the semiconductor market serving customers across the spectrum of sense and power and automotive products and embedded processing solutions. From energy management and savings to trust and data security, from healthcare and wellness to smart consumer devices, in the home, car and office, at work and at play, ST is found everywhere microelectronics make a positive and innovative contribution to people's life. By getting more from technology to get more from life, ST stands for life.augmented.
In 2013, the Company's net revenues were $8.08 billion. Further information on ST can be found at www.st.com.
Tom Heijnen
Managing Director
+31 165 560088
2The US Federal Communications Commission


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Juvenile common five-lined skinks have conspicuous bright blue tails which fade with age.
Related species for the Greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum)
By Habitat
« Back to the Greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum)
Peloponnese slow worm (Anguis cephalonnica)
Like other species of its kind, the Peloponnese slow worm (Anguis cephalonnica) is sometimes mistaken for a snake as it is a long, slender…
More about the peloponnese slow worm »
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Tree sparrow (Passer montanus)
Similar to the house sparrow (Passer domesticus), the tree sparrow (Passer montanus) was not recognised as a separate species until 1713…
Song thrush (Turdus philomelos)
Slightly smaller than the blackbird, the familiar song thrush (Turdus philomelos) has brown upperparts and creamy underparts with obvious…
Elder (Sambucus nigra)
The elder is not quite large enough to be classed as a tree, but is too large for a bush. It is a strange 'tree' of many contrasts. The…
Red kite (Milvus milvus)
The red kite has been described as 'the most beautiful bird of prey in Britain'. The plumage is a wonderful mixture of black, chestnut, grey…
Woodlark (Lullula arborea)
The woodlark (Lullula arborea) is brown in colour, with a whitish eye stripe and an overall streaky appearance. The underparts are dull…
Common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis)
Information on the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly.…
Rameshwaram parachute spider (Poecilotheria hanumavilasumica)
Named after the Indian island of Rameshwaram, this tree-dwelling tarantula has light and dark tiger-like markings on its body and legs that…
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Starved wood-sedge (Carex depauperata)
Starved wood-sedge is one of Europe's rarest sedges. It characteristically produces few flowers and has very large fruits (called utricles)…
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Grey wolf (Canis lupus)
The world's largest wild canid, the iconic grey wolf (Canis lupus) has been a source of both fear and respect, inspiring a rich cultural…
Eurasian elk (Alces alces)
The Eurasian elk (Alces alces), together with its close relative the moose (Alces americanus), is the largest living deer species, and is…
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Grandidier's baobab (Adansonia grandidieri)
This imposing and unusual tree occurs only on the island of Madagascar, where it is threatened by the encroachment of agricultural land…
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Wild boar (Sus scrofa)
Information on the wild boar is currently being researched and written is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly…
Natterer's bat (Myotis nattereri)
The medium sized Natterer's bat (Myotis nattereri) has a grey-brown back and whitish fur to the underside, a pinkish face and quite…
Mole (Talpa europaea)
The European mole (Talpa europaea) has an elongated, cylindrical body, covered in black, velvety fur. Although the eyes are complete, they…
Bugle (Ajuga reptans)
Bugle is a common herb that often grows in large clumps. The flowers are deep purplish blue, rarely pink or white, and are arranged on…
Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta)
The bluebell, popularly thought of as Britain's national flower, is a bulbous spring flowering plant. When growing en masse in woodlands it…
Small Indian civet (Viverricula indica)
Information on the small Indian civet (Viverricula indica) is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly.…
Spruce's bristle-moss (Orthotrichum sprucei)
Spruce's bristle-moss grows in neat, rounded cushion-like patches. When dry, the narrow leaves are straight, but they spread out when moist…
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Large Indian civet (Viverra zibetha)
Information on the large Indian civet is being researched and written and will appear here shortly.…
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Black-spotted pond frog (Pelophylax nigromaculatus)
Information on the black-spotted pond frog (Pelophylax nigromaculatus) is currently being researched and written and will appear here…
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0 videos
Little crow (Corvus bennetti)
A relatively small, slender corvid with short legs and a small bill, the little crow (Corvus bennetti) is the smallest of Australia's crow…
0 videos
Louisiana pine snake (Pituophis ruthveni)
The Louisiana pine snake (Pituophis ruthveni) has long been considered one of the rarest snakes in the United States. A large, relatively…
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Spotted flycatcher (Muscicapa striata)
Adult spotted flycatchers (Muscicapa striata) are ashy-brown with a softly streaked dullish white breast; the forehead is also streaked…
Little owl (Athene noctua)
The little owl is a diminutive species, which possesses a plump, round body, bright yellow eyes and spotted plumage. There are thirteen…
Western spadefoot toad (Pelobates cultripes)
Information on the western spadefoot toad is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly.…
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0 videos
Black stork (Ciconia nigra)
The black stork is a large but fairly secretive bird. The black head, upperparts, wings, tail and long neck have a conspicuous green or…
Barberry carpet moth (Pareulype berberata)
Adult Barberry Carpet moths have greyish-white forewings with attractive brown patterning, and the hindwings are paler and more uniform. The…
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Yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis)
Although generally larger in size, the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) is very similar in appearance to the wood mouse (Apodmeus…
Lesser horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros)
The lesser horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros) is one of the smallest British bats. It has soft fluffy fur, which is brownish on the…


text:
The reason this thread is in the PS3 section will become apparent in a minute.
I'm posting this on behalf of the resident PS3 Devs in hopes to get a few replies from members who BOTH have a PSP that can run homebrew utilities, and are familiar with (have used before) PSP apps including Resurssiklunssi, RCO Editor, etc.
Over the last 2-3 days the PS3 Devs have made significant progress in multiple areas of the PS3, and some Site News will be posted soon I'm sure with details.
One of the areas involves .RCO files, not PSP ones but PS3 ones, and they are seeking a few knowledgeable members who can assist in further exploring the unpacking/decompressing of them.
If you have not done this with PSP files previously, please do NOT reply (your post will be removed) as you can not be of help in this area... the majority of the resident PS3 Devs do not currently have a PSP, and those who do are not into PSP 'homebrew' and have their PSP's on the latest Sony Firmware and/or do not wish to modify them.
That being said... If you have a PSP and are familiar with .RCO files please reply. More to come once a few who meet this criteria respond.


text:
Publications Library
Topic: Constipation, difficult to pass stools
Fact Sheet: Bowel Problems in Adults After Surgical Treatment for Childhood Hirschsprungs Disease840
By: Kasaya Tantiphlachiva, MD; Satish S.C. Rao, MD, PhD, FRCP (LON)
Hirschsprung's disease is a rare illness that people are born with (congenital). It occurs annually in about 1 in 5,000 live births. In Hirschsprung's disease there is a lack of nerve cells (ganglion cells) in segments of the intestinal tract located in the colon and/or rectum.
The treatment is surgery to remove the abnormal bowel segment and restore bowel continuity. Following surgical treatment, most children have a good outcome, but some have persistent bowel problems such as constipation, soiling, fecal incontinence, and inflammation in the colon (enterocolitis). These symptoms can impact the quality of life, which also needs to be addressed.
DHM: Digestive Health Matters 20.01 - 2011 No 1 - ELECTRONIC PDF669
By: International Foundation for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders IFFGD
In this issue:
- April is IBS Awareness Month
- IBS Symptom Changes you Should not Ignore
- Research News
- Detecting Barrett's Esophagus
- Treating Gastroparesis
- Mind-Body Therapy
- Treating Constipation
- C. Difficile Treatment
- Short Bowel Syndrome Treatment
- Industry Treatment News
- Foundation Update
- Patient Needs Expressed
- Professional Events
- Legislative Update
- Priorities for 2011
- Register for our 2011 Capitol Hill Advocacy Day
- DDNC Public Policy Forum
- Hope Through Research
- Community News
- Digestive Health Alliance Benefit Regatta
- First Annual Walk by the Bay
Remember, Digestive Health Matters is FREE to Members.Topics: Barrett's, Brain-Gut, CAM, Complementary & Alternative Treatments, Constipation, difficult to pass stools, DHM Magazines, Gastroparesis, GER, GERD, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Other Disorders/Symptoms
DHM: Digestive Health Matters 18.01 - Spring 2009 - ELECTRONIC PDF683
By: International Foundation for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders IFFGD
In this issue:
- IBS Awareness Month Poster
- Research Report from IFFGD - IBS Patients: Their Illness Experience and Unmet Needs
- Dyssynergic Defecation: a Common Cause of Chronic Constipation
- Digestive Health Research: Treatment Guideline for IBS
- Editorial: Treating Functional Constipation in Children
- Clinical Corner
- Diet Advice for Barrett's Esophagus and GERD?
- When is Endoscopy Recommended for GERD?
- Soiling Solutions in Children
- I Have a Gut Problem: Which Doctor Should I See?
Remember, Digestive Health Matters is FREE to Members.Topics: Constipation, difficult to pass stools, Constipation, difficult to pass stools, DHM Magazines, GER, GERD, Incontinence, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Research, Working with your healthcare provider
Documents listed on this page are available for download in Adobe's PDF format. If you don't have Adobe Reader, please visit Adobe's site to download it. It's free!


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Scroll to Previous Item
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Metallic Basketweave Throw
Act fast! Items with prices ending in $0.99 are final sale.
No longer available
Soft metal. Inspired by holiday lights, the Metallic Basketweave Throw layers brushed metallic over textured fabric. Shiny yet supple, it's the luxe way to stay warm.
40"l x 70"w.
100% polyester.
Fringed ends.
Made in India.


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rsvlito wrote:I sure hope so.
Believe in the heart of the mermaids.
rsvlito wrote:I sure hope so.
cheongzewei wrote:At least fix the text on hirume's soul skill already...
Jazzock wrote:Oh, lol. Reading OP
Please note that all Alteil 1 US accounts will be considered Alteil Horizons accounts after the launch. Alteil 1 US cards will be fully playable after Horizons launch, however they may or may not be part of the Horizons Core set, and if they are not, their might be some limits on using them for balance purposes, such as in tournaments.
If you are unsure, cashing any rewards in after launch will guarantee cards/Starters/and pre-builts as part of the Alteil Horizons Core set.
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text: Info Search results 1 items matching your search terms. Filter the results. Item type Select All/None Collection Page Event File Folder Form Folder Image Link News Item Templated Document Collection Person New items since Yesterday Last week Last month Ever Sort by relevance · date (newest first) · alphabetically Research Program We are nationally and internationally recognized for work in clinical epidemiology, health services research, clinical decision-making research, disparities research, and prevention. Clinical areas of expertise include heart disease prevention, care of vulnerable patients with chronic conditions, and HIV care. Located in Research/Academics


text:
of communicable disease in Forsyth County is handled by a team of Public Health
nurses. Our main goal is to keep the public safe by preventing the spread of communicable
disease. Reports are received from physician's offices, labs, schools, daycares,
food establishments and long term care facilities. Concerned citizens also call
in with complaints. The Communicable Disease Nurse and Environmental Health Specialist
may do an investigation jointly depending on the disease and the area involved within
the community.
are everywhere in a person's daily environment. They enter our body through breathing,
ingested food or water, open wounds, sexual contact or contact with contaminated
objects. The General Communicable Disease Control Program provides investigation,
surveillance, and prevention to protect the health of the public. When a communicable
disease is reported, an investigation begins. The goal is to stop the spread of
the disease and hopefully find the source.
Hand washing is the most important thing we can do to decrease the spread of communicable
diseases. Washing fruits and vegetables before slicing, and disinfecting cutting
boards and countertops is important in decreasing the spread of food borne illness.
Not eating and drinking after others and not sharing razors and toothbrushes decreases
the incidence of many communicable diseases.
Normal Hours Contact Numbers
(336) 703-3249
(336) 748-3644
After Hours & Weekends
(336) 703-3100
(336) 748-3644
799 North Highland Avenue
Winston-Salem, NC 27102
(336) 703-3100
(336) 748-3292
Communicable Diseases
(336) 748-3644
Medical Records Information
(336) 727-8135
The mission of the Forsyth County Department of Public Health is to prevent disease
and promote a healthy community through regulation, education and partnerships.
Adopted by the Board of Health 10/2/13.
Copyright © 2016 Forsyth County | Contact the Webmaster | Site Map


text:
Sharing the very first page I made just a few months ago!
Printable View
Sharing the very first page I made just a few months ago!
Loving all of these!
Though I have made several layouts for a book for a friend, this is my very first layout with a Kit!
Yes: with the Welcome kit ;-)
I found out about Digital Scrapbooking today and I am already addicted. I do a lot of crafts but this is so relaxing and enjoyable.
I have only completed a page today, but I love it.
Great seeing all the layouts!
Hi, everybody. My name is jany. I am a new comer, and very happy to meet you all. I am very happy that i can become the friend with everybody.
Welcome Jany! It's great to have you here! Please let us know if you need any help with anything!
It's always great to see all the pages created...!


text:
Hank Silverberg, wtop.com
WASHINGTON – Stafford County students returning to school Wednesday will see more sheriff's deputies in the hallways.
Stafford County decided to beef up its police presence indefinitely after the school shootings in Newtown, Conn.
"Currently, we have deputies in all the high schools and some of the middle schools. We have never had deputies in elementary schools other than through DARE Education," says Stafford County Sheriff Charles E. Jett.
"This is going to provide and enhance presence in all our schools."
Jett says deputies, who are armed, will stop at the schools as part of their routine patrols and make rounds, checking inside and outside the buildings.
He says he does not expect this change in deployment to create any coverage trouble for his force.
The Sheriff's Office will start a new neighborhood watch-type program that will operate near the county's 31 schools, Jett says. The programs will train residents to keep their eyes and ears open for anything unusual.
Follow @hsilverbergWTOP and @WTOP on Twitter.
(Copyright 2013 by WTOP. All Rights Reserved.)
Check out the next group of inductees into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame plus a few contenders who've yet to be nominated.


text:
What is RM Cash
Overall customer review score:
Return to ITP Dune Star Front ATV Tire Product Page
Reviews by real power sport enthusiasts...your opinion counts to us and fellow riders! Make the best purchasing decision by getting the latest reviews.
Each review submitted enters you into a $100 gift card monthly drawing, and a $500 gift card quarterly drawing!
Comments On Jan 06, 2009:I have these front tires for both of my quads. They work very well.
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Topic: heliopause
Tuesday, April 30, 2013
Our lovely and comfortable home here on Earth is a long ways away from the end of our solar system. Don't forget, there's a lot of space in space. Here on Earth concepts of boundaries involve rivers, lakes, mountains, human imposed borders, and so on. However, this...
Topics Covered: Out of this World, science museum of virginia, science, voyager 1, voyager, NASA, solar system, heliopause, speed, fast, travel, space, sun, stars, numbers, physics


text:
What is RM Cash
Overall customer review score:
Return to GMax GM11D Dual Sport Motorcycle Helmet 2014 Product Page
Reviews by real power sport enthusiasts...your opinion counts to us and fellow riders! Make the best purchasing decision by getting the latest reviews.
Each review submitted enters you into a $100 gift card monthly drawing, and a $500 gift card quarterly drawing!
Comments On Oct 13, 2014:It is a decent helmet does run a bit small don't know what the next size would be like but the helmet is not good for highway use at all whatsoever my current fully offroad helmet is less wind resistant than this helmet definitely a city helmet. Otherwise the visor and shield are pretty nice, strap system feels like really cheap metal though. If you are just looking for something for very light duty riding this helmet is okay otherwise I really do not recommend it.
Was this review helpful?
Comments On Jul 15, 2014:I wound up returning the helmet due to fit. runs a little small. but other then that, for the cost, seems all around nice helment.
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Comments On Apr 07, 2014:Love the helmet. Great fit and style.
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Comments On Jul 18, 2013:no worries
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Comments On Jul 04, 2013:excellent for those riders who wear eyeglasses
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Comments On Jul 01, 2013:Loved the way the helmet fit and the design of it. First ride with wrecked on a soft grass field at about 45 mph and you would have thought I had wrecked at 100mph on the highway. The helmet exploded into 6 pieces all going in all directions. For landing on grass and rolling the helmet almost completely sliced my upper lip off, put a gash in my forehead and I still suffered a concusion. I've wrecked at higher speeds and on harder ground with my HJC and never even broke the visor. I mean its a nice helmet and all but it's not going to protect you should you wreck. I've been riding for over 20 years and I've never seen a helmet come apart like that.
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Comments On Jun 08, 2013:I ordered the helmet on a friday and recieved it on the folliwing tuesday and I must say for the free shipping I recived it quite quickly, as for the helmet itself it fits great and I have no complaints at all, worth every penny spent! its lightweight durable and works very well with and without the visor vents are easier to open and close even with gloves on by far the best hundred bucks I have ever spent definately worth more then 5 stars!
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Comments On Feb 15, 2013:The helmet looks great, feels great, fits great. But....the paint on it chips and falls of easily. There is definitely a manufacture defect. Too bad because if not this would be the best helmet money can buy.
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Comments On Feb 17, 2013:I picked this helmet up a week or so ago to replace my fulmer ds helmet.
I wear a size medium and this helmet (medium)was a good fit with a little tightness in the cheek area but nice and snug they way I like it. Lining is very nice. Weight is not as light a s the fulmer or my fly formula mx helmets but its not too noticeable . Venting is great and I could feel the flow in the helmet. Face shield is very good and doesn't not distort at all and seals on the helmet well.. Face shield fogs a little when stopped in the cold weather but the vented air flow clears it well while moving.
While on the road the helmet is quiet and doesn't buff in the wind .
The visor is designed so you can lift the face shield completely out of the way. This is good but the result of this is a flimsy visor that vibrates over 60 mph. This is amplified by the quietness of the helmet and is my biggest complaint.
Overall I really like the style and fit of this helmet. The vibration of the visor is not that bad but I think others might get annoyed.
For the price I think it's a super value.
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Comments On Feb 12, 2013:Unsure how much I would like this helmet when I got it, being an inexpensive helmet. I love it so far. Lightweight and comfy, I like that I can put the shield back and throw on a pair of goggles. I got the neon yellow as I want people on the road to see me, it is a very bright color
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Comments On Feb 06, 2013:i was really worried about buying this "cheap" helmet but could not be happier so far. it is plenty light, in fact lighter than my much more expensive KBC. the fit is nice and the front visor works really well. there is an ever so slight distortion, but it is so little that i don't even notice anymore. i also LOVE the fact that the visor goes all the way up, out of your field of view. it will fog up on cold mornings if your vents aren't open but keeps you nice and warm. wind buffeting has been greatly reduced due to the large air ports under the visor. once again, much better than my old "off-road" helmet. if this helmet lasts for any length of time i will change my rating and give it 5 stars!
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Comments On Dec 14, 2012:I got the High-Vis yellow and am absolutely pleased. Little bit of fogging when stationary but after you get some wind going, it clears right up. Thanks RMATV
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Comments On Aug 29, 2012:Rode 110 miles with this today. Great helmet and much better than the other 3-4 low priced Dual Sport helmets. Fits great, I am usually a large and this fit true.
The ventilation is awesome, and the vents are easy to open or close with gloves on.
This is the only low priced Dual Sport helmet that allows the face shield to be opened all the way up, out of view. The Fly Trekker and MSR Expedition helmets only open so far, and leave the bottom of the shield right at eye level, which is actually dangerous.
The face shield also stays closed and sealed at 90 mph, impressive. The noise factor wasn't bad at all, very comfortable. I ordered the high visible yellow model and could see people in their cars looking at me while approaching and one even gave a compliment at the light and asked where I got it. I proudly bragged on Rocky Mountain ATV!
By the way, I ordered my helmet on Sunday night and was shocked to get it this morning (Wednesday) with free shipping!
If you are comparing this helmet against the Fly Trekker or the MSR helmet like I was, trust me. This is the one to get.
clear shield that opens all the way and stays shut at high speeds. Also, the High visibility option just may save your life.
Thanks again to my friends at Rocky Mountain ATV for another great product at a low price and packed so carefully. And, how do you get it shipped so fast without charging for shipping? I'm impressed!
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text:
Search Swinburne Research Bank
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/226731
|Download PDF (Published version) (Adobe Acrobat PDF, 104 KB)
- Title
- Data quality information and decision making: a healthcare case study
- Author(s)
- Kerr, Karolyn; Norris, Tony; Stockdale, Rosemary
- Abstract
- Defining data quality and realising the need for information that is free of defects and that possesses the right qualities for the task at hand remains a difficult issue. This is particularly so in the healthcare sector where the need for effective decision making is high. This case study addresses the development of a data quality evaluation framework for the NZ health sector. It discusses a data quality strategy that underpins the application of the framework and defines a vision for data quality management in the health sector. It discusses how the framework and strategy combine to increase intelligence density. A significant outcome from the case identified the difficulty of getting data users and managers at all levels to understand the imperative of data quality and accept responsibility for its improvement and maintenance. Recommendations for further research are made.
- Publication type
- Conference paper
- Source
- Proceedings of the 18th Australian Conference on Information Systems (ACIS 2007), Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia, 05-07 December 2007
- Publication year
- 2007
- Keyword(s)
- Data quality; Decision-making; Healthcare; Intelligence density
- Publisher
- Association for Information Systems
- Publisher URL
- Copyright
- Copyright © Karolyn Kerr, Tony Norris and Rosemary Stockdale 2007. The authors assign to ACIS and educational and non-profit institutions a non-exclusive licence to use this document for personal use and in courses of instruction provided that the article is used in full and this copyright statement is reproduced. The authors also grant a nonexclusive licence to ACIS to publish this document in full in the Conference Proceedings. Those documents may be published on the World Wide Web, CD-ROM, in printed form, and on mirror sites on the World Wide Web. Any other usage is prohibited without the express permission of the authors. The published version is reproduced in accordance with this policy.
- Full text
- Peer reviewed


text:
Holtkotter Chandeliers
Rejuvenate the look of your home by adding Holtkotter Chandeliers. A chandelier brings a classic look to any style home décor. Display one of Holtkotter's beautiful lighting fixtures in your dining area, entryway, hallway, or recreation room. The sky is the limit when it comes to the style, class, and illumination that a chandelier will provide in your home.


text:
Progestin for Emergency Contraception
|Generic Name
|Brand Name
|Plan B, Plan B One-Step, Next Choice
Levonorgestrel is specially packaged for emergency contraception. You can get emergency contraception without a prescription at most drugstores.
Emergency contraception is used after unprotected sex to prevent a pregnancy from starting. It is most effective when it is used as soon as possible after intercourse. It is not necessary to take a pregnancy test before using emergency contraception.
How to take emergency contraception
Birth control experts recommend having emergency contraception pills, or a prescription for them, on hand in case you ever need them. Emergency contraception is most effective when used as soon as possible after unprotected sex. Your risk of becoming pregnant increases as time passes.
For the emergency contraception option that contains 2 pills, you can take both pills at the same time. Or you can take 1 pill right away and the second pill 12 hours later.
There is also a one-pill emergency contraception option that lets you take the dose you need in just 1 pill.
You can take emergency contraception up to 5 days after unprotected sex. But it works best if you take it right away.
How It Works
Emergency contraception pills work by preventing ovulation, fertilization, or implantation.
Emergency contraception hormones may prevent fertilization by stopping the ovary from releasing an egg (ovum). They also make the fallopian tubes less likely to move an egg toward the uterus. Emergency contraception is also thought to thin the lining of the uterus, or endometrium. The thickened endometrium is where a fertilized egg would normally implant and grow.
Emergency contraception does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Why It Is Used
Emergency contraception is meant to be used as a backup method for preventing pregnancy. For regular protection, be sure that you have:
- A birth control method that you know you can use every time you have sex.
- Condoms for protection from sexually transmitted infections (STIs) every time you have sex.
You can use emergency contraception if you are not confident that you were protected against pregnancy during intercourse. This can happen if:
- You have unplanned sex without birth control.
- Your usual birth control method fails. For example:
- A barrier method, such as a condom or diaphragm, has torn or dislodged.
- You have missed taking birth control pills.
- An IUD has come out, either completely or partially.
- You are taking other medicines that may affect contraception medicines. These include some antiseizure, antibiotic, and antifungal medicines, and the herb St. John's wort.
- You were sexually assaulted. Some emergency rooms offer emergency contraception as part of sexual assault care. Others will provide emergency contraception when they are asked for it.
Be sure to plan with your doctor for your birth control needs.
How Well It Works
Emergency contraception effectiveness varies according to the method used.
- Emergency contraception, such as Plan B, can prevent nearly 74% of pregnancies.1
- Plan B is more effective when used for emergency contraception than combined birth control pills (estrogen and progestin).
The sooner pills are used after unprotected sex, the more likely they are to prevent pregnancy.
Side Effects
Side effects may include the following:
- Nausea or vomiting.
If you get nauseous, nonprescription antinausea medicines, such as Dramamine or Pepto-Bismol, can
prevent or reduce nausea.
- Caution: If you vomit within 2 hours of taking a dose, call your doctor for advice. You may need to repeat the dose.
- Pregnancy is possible after using emergency contraception. Although your next period may be slightly late, a delay of 3 weeks or longer may be a sign of pregnancy. If this happens, call your doctor to see whether you need a pregnancy test.
- Breast tenderness, fatigue, headache, abdominal pain, and/or dizziness are possible after taking emergency contraception.
Call your doctor if side effects, such as headache, dizziness, or belly pain, continue for longer than 1 week after using emergency contraception.
See your doctor if you do not have your period within 21 days after using emergency contraception.
See Drug Reference for a full list of side effects. (Drug Reference is not available in all systems.)
What To Think About
Some pharmacists refuse to fill emergency contraception prescriptions based on their personal beliefs. If this happens to you, ask for the location of a pharmacist who will fill the prescription, or contact:
- The Emergency Contraception website http://ec.princeton.edu.
- The Planned Parenthood clinic nearest you, or call 1-800-230-PLAN (1-800-230-7526).
Emergency contraception use is not recommended if you know or suspect you are already pregnant. If you may already be pregnant, see your doctor.
If hormonal emergency contraception does not work and a pregnancy develops and grows, there is no known risk to the embryo.2
Complete the new medication information form (PDF)(What is a PDF document?) to help you understand this medication.
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2010). Emergency contraception. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 112. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 115(5): 1100–1109.
- Stewart F, et al. (2007). Emergency contraception. In RA Hatcher et al., eds., Contraceptive Technology, 19th ed., pp. 87–112. New York: Ardent Media.
Other Works Consulted
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (2013). FDA approves Plan B One-Step emergency contraceptive for use without a prescription for all women of child-bearing potential. FDA News Release, June 20, 2013. Available online: http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm358082.htm.
Last Revised: August 7, 2013
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review: Sarah Marshall, MD - Family Medicine & Femi Olatunbosun, MB, FRCSC - Obstetrics and Gynecology
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
To learn more visit Healthwise.org
© 1995-2013 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.


text:
Demo | Enroll
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**Service is available in English 24/7, for other languages, please contact Western Union Customer Service
©2013 Western Union Holdings, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
Custom House (Online Ltd).
In the United States, services are provided under the brand name of Western Union Online FX by Custom House (Online) Ltd. as agent and authorized delegate of Custom House (USA) Ltd. Custom House (Online) Ltd. and Custom House (USA) Ltd. are indirect or direct subsidiaries of The Western Union Company.
This webpage has been prepared solely for informational purposes and does not in any way create any binding obligations on either party. Relations between you and WUBS shall be governed by the applicable terms and conditions. No representations, warranties or conditions of any kind, express or implied, are made in this brochure.
This icon indicates a link to third-party content. By clicking on the link, you will leave our website and enter a site not owned by the bank. The site you will enter may be less secure and may have a privacy statement that differs from the bank. The products and services offered on this third-party website are not provided or guaranteed by the bank.


text:
FileMaker Store Licensing
Change Country
Contact Us: 800-725-2747 Monday-Friday, 7:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Pacific Time (closed on public holidays)
Attention customers: The FileMaker Store is undergoing maintenance Tuesday, December 2nd 2014, from Noon to 3:00 PM US Pacific time. Orders placed during the maintenance period will be processed for shipment when the maintenance is completed.
Enter quantities to reveal pricing.


text:
Drupal Search: How indexing works
by Robert Douglass
This article explores the process of taking HTML content from Drupal nodes and indexing it for the purpose of search and text retrieval at a later time. The code examples apply to Drupal 6.
Finding what to index
Indexing happens when cron.php is run, and the search module starts the whole process by invoking hook_update_index. This gives each module the chance to keep its search index needs up to date. This article follows what happens in the node module's node_update_index function.
The node_update_index function first finds out what node ids are new, have been updated, or have new comments. These node ids are then sent to _node_index_node which prepares them to be indexed by loading them, and building them in a way that is particular to the needs of indexing.
node.module: _node_index_node()
// Build the node body.
$node->build_mode = NODE_BUILD_SEARCH_INDEX;
$node = node_build_content($node, FALSE, FALSE);
$node->body = drupal_render($node->content);
$text = '
' . check_plain($node->title) . '
' . $node->body;
// Fetch extra data normally not visible
$extra = node_invoke_nodeapi($node, 'update index');
foreach ($extra as $t) {
$text .= $t;
Figure 1: Building a node for search indexing.
$node->build_mode flag is set to
NODE_BUILD_SEARCH_INDEX. This value, and its cousin
NODE_BUILD_SEARCH_RESULT, don't play any role in Drupal core, but they could theoretically be used in hook_view and hook_nodeapi implementations to build the node differently for the benefit of the search index.
The body of the node is then built with calls to node_build_content and drupal_render. This is followed by passing the built node along to any module that implements the 'update index' operation of hook_nodapi. This is an important moment in the process because modules like comment and taxonomy use the opportunity to add things (such as comments, cck fields, and taxonomy terms) to the text that will get indexed for this node.
Text is sent into search_index
After the node is built and prepared to be indexed, it is sent to the search_index function where all the fun happens. Drupal is chiefly focused on handling HTML content, so it is therefore not surprising that search_index is best equipped to deal with HTML. Drupal's search evaluates the relative importance of any word in a document based on a number of criteria, one of which is its enclosing HTML tag. The HTML tags to which Drupal assigns value are the following:
search.module: search_index()
$tags = array('h1' => 25,
'h2' => 18,
'h3' => 15,
'h4' => 12,
'h5' => 9,
'h6' => 6,
'u' => 3,
'b' => 3,
'i' => 3,
'strong' => 3,
'em' => 3,
'a' => 10);
Figure 2: The HTML tags that have value in the search index.
The array keys are the tag names, and the values are weights that will affect the scoring of the words associated with these tags.
The next step in search_index is to prepare the text for tokenization by inserting spaces in between tags and texts:
Figure 3: Prepare to be tokenized.
Any tags not in the $tags variable are removed. The text is then split in such a way that the whole document becomes an array that alternates between text and tag fragments. This is an example of cunning and clever code. For example, the following text gets split into the array in figure 1.

Badgers are the new ponies.

[0] =>
[1] => h1
[2] => Taxonomy
[3] => /h1
[4] =>
[5] => strong
[6] => Badgers
[7] => /strong
[8] => are the new ponies.
[9] => a
[10] => ()
[11] => /a
[12] =>
Figure 4: The array of tokens for indexing.
Look carefully and you will see that the even positions in the array are occupied with text (or are empty), and the odd positions in the array have tag contents (literally whatever is in between the < and the >). With this structured array of tokens dependably in place, the tokens are iterated over and the $tag variable is used as an even/odd counter directing the processing into either the tag handling area or the text handling area.
The values in position 9-11 (a, (), and a) are artifacts from search_nodeapi() which would otherwise be adding in link text from incoming links found in other nodes. This is discussed in detail below.
Tag handling
Once the text is tokenized as shown in Figure 3, search_index loops over the tokens, alternating between tags and the text in the middle. Within the context of the token loop, tag handling is primarily about watching the opening and closing of tags, in a nested fashion, and ascribing the appropriately boosted score to the text in between. Following the array in Figure 3, for example, the item in position #1,
h1, will get pushed onto a an array called $tagstack. At the same time, the $score will be increased according to that tag's value in the $tags array.
search.module: search_index()
// Add to open tag stack and increment score
array_unshift($tagstack, $tagname);
$score += $tags[$tagname];
Figure 5: Pushing a tag onto the tagstack and increasing the score.
Scoring words
The token loop then continues, carrying the updated $score and $tagstack into the next iteration. The next item, in position #2 from Figure 3, is the text
Taxonomy. In the text handling portion of the token loop, the first thing that normally happens is the text is split using the function search_index_split. search_index_split does a certain amount of processing on the text, which is covered in its own section below. What is returned is an array of individual words. This array is iterated over and the individual words are inserted into a further array that tracks each unique word for the whole document as well as its accumulated score. This array is the $results array.
In addition to the word => score array that gets built for $results, an accumulated list of all tokenized and processed words is created and stored in the form of the $accum variable. This is used later to build the search_dataset table.
search.module: search_index()
// Add word to accumulator
$accum .= $word . ' ';
Figure 6: Building the accumulated string of all a document's words.
The scoring of a word within a document is very important to obtaining relevant search results later. If multiple occurrences of a word are found in a document, each will contribute to the total score for that unique word within the document. How much they contribute is dependent on a couple of factors, however. The first factor is of course the tag within which the word is found. The second factor is the absolute position of the word within the document also plays a role. The lower in the document the word is found, the less it will increase score. The amount that any individual word will add to the total score can be expressed with this formula:
$total = $score * $focus;
The $score is the value that was being incremented in Figure 5, and $focus is a decimal value between 0 and 1 that is a calculation of the word's position in the document. Here is how focus is calculated for each word:
search.module: search_index()
// Focus is a decaying value in terms of the amount of unique words up to this point.
// From 100 words and more, it decays, to e.g. 0.5 at 500 words and 0.3 at 1000 words.
$focus = min(1, .01 + 3.5 / (2 + count($results[0]) * .015));
Figure 7: Calculating focus. Words start losing value after the 233rd word (despite what the code comments say).
In Figures 7 through 10, the $results array is the array of unique words from this document and their scores. With both $score and $focus now determined, the word's score can be added to the total score for this unique word within the document:
$results[0][$word] += $score * $focus;
Figure 8: Accumulating the score for a word.
Thus when the word
Taxonomy from position 2 arrives here, the values in Figure 4 look like this:
$results[0]['taxonomy'] += 26 * 1;
Figure 9: The title word "Taxonomy" gets a score of 26 and a focus of 1.
"Taxonomy" was the title of this node, thus it was in
 tags, and its score was therefore 26. At the beginning of the document $focus is 1 and it remains 1 until the 233rd word, after which it decreases, approaching zero as the number of words in the document reaches infinity. Here is the same calculation for the word "ponies":
$results[0]['ponies'] += 1 * 1;
Figure 10: The word "ponies" gets a score of 1.
Note that if "ponies" had been lower in the document (the 233rd word or more), the focus would have been a number less than 1 but greater than zero.
Closing tags
After each of the words in this particular token have added their scores to the accumulative total it is time for the next token, which is by the nature of the token array, a tag. In fact it will be a closing tag, as seen in postion #3 from Figure 3. The handling of closing tags works pretty much the reverse of how opening tags were dealt with. The tag is popped off from the tag stack and the score variable is reduced.
search.module: search_index()
// Remove from tag stack and decrement score
$score = max(1, $score - $tags[array_shift($tagstack)]);
Figure 11: When a closing tag is being handled the $score is reduced and the tag is removed from the stack.
Link handling
So far hyperlink handling in documents has been ignored, yet this is an important part of building relevancy. When the search indexer finds a hyperlink that references another node on the same site the words in the hyperlink will be added to the list of words that identify the target node. Stated differently, if node 1 has the link
Green goo, the search terms "green" and "goo" will both find node/2. Link text also counts towards the node in which it is found, albeit at an 80% reduced focus value.
To accomplish this, in the tag handling phase of the token loop, anchor tags are spotted and receive extra handling. It is determined whether the link references a node on the same site. The title, node id, version id, and filter format are fetched from the database. If the filter format is cacheable, the variable $link is set to TRUE to indicate later that the text phase is dealing with an internal link, and the variable $linktitle is set to contain the title of the target node.
search.module: search_index()
if ($tagname == 'a') {
// Check if link points to a node on this site
if (preg_match($node_regexp, $value, $match)) {
$path = drupal_get_normal_path($match[1]);
if (preg_match('!(?:node|book)/(?:view/)?([0-9]+)!i', $path, $match)) {
$linknid = $match[1];
if ($linknid > 0) {
// Note: ignore links to uncachable nodes to avoid redirect bugs.
$node = db_fetch_object(db_query(
'SELECT n.title, n.nid, n.vid, r.format FROM {node} n
INNER JOIN {node_revisions} r ON n.vid = r.vid WHERE n.nid = %d', $linknid));
if (filter_format_allowcache($node->format)) {
$link = TRUE;
$linktitle = $node->title;
Figure 12: Link handling in the tag phase of the token loop.
Then, in the text phase of the token loop, a regular expression is run to see if the text within the link is the same as the the link's URL. This is the case when using the URL filter, for example, so it comes up pretty often. If the text is a URL, the $linktext variable containing the referenced node's title replaces the text token ($value). This way there is still relevant text that can be ascribed to the current document as well as the target.
search.module: search_index()
if ($link) {
// Check to see if the node link text is its URL. If so, we use the target node title instead.
if (preg_match('!^https?://!i', $value)) {
$value = $linktitle;
Figure 13: For link text that is a URL, grab the target node's title and use it as the token $value.
Finaly, the $results array is extended to contain information about link texts, keyed by the target node id. The $focus gets reduced by 80% for the text as it applies to the current document, as explained in the code comment that links score mainly for the target.
search.module: search_index()
// Links score mainly for the target.
if ($link) {
if (!isset($results[$linknid])) {
$results[$linknid] = array();
$results[$linknid][] = $word;
// Reduce score of the link caption in the source.
$focus *= 0.2;
Figure 14: Link text words are collected for later storage in their own database table.
That concludes the processing in the token loop. The entire document has now been tokenized, analyzed, scored, and saved in the $results array. Furthermore, the $accum variable now contains every word in the document in a space delimited string. Using the information stored in these two variables, the remainder of search_index is dedicated to persisting the search data to the four search related database tables: search_index, search_dataset, search_node_links, and search_total.
Storing the search data
First let's look at the four search related tables and discuss their roles in searching.
The search_index database table
The search_index table is the primary table used in searching. Here is what it will contain after processing the tokens from Figure 3:
mysql> select * from search_index;
| word | sid | type | score |
| new | 2 | node | 1 |
| the | 2 | node | 1 |
| are | 2 | node | 1 |
| badgers | 2 | node | 4 |
| taxonomy | 2 | node | 26 |
| ponies | 2 | node | 1 |
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Figure 15: The contents of the search_index table after processing the tokens in Figure 3.
As you can see, "taxonomy" has a score of 26 and "ponies" has a score of 1, as was explained above. Here is the code that gets those words from the $results array into the search_index table:
search.module: search_index()
search_wipe($sid, $type, TRUE);
// Insert results into search index
foreach ($results[0] as $word => $score) {
// The database will collate similar words (accented and non-accented forms, etc.),
// and the score is additive, so first add and then insert.
db_query("UPDATE {search_index} SET score = score + %d
WHERE word = '%s' AND sid = '%d' AND type = '%s'", $score, $word, $sid, $type);
if (!db_affected_rows()) {
db_query("INSERT INTO {search_index} (word, sid, type, score)
VALUES ('%s', %d, '%s', %f)", $word, $sid, $type, $score);
Figure 16: Inserting words and scores into search_index.
Noteworthy are the calls to search_wipe and search_dirty. The search_wipe function is very straightforward; before starting to insert lots of words and scores into the index for a document, search_wipe gets rid of that document's previous data from the search_index, search_datase, and search_node_links tables.
The search_dirty call is more interesting. Part of the algorithm used at search time calls for the global totals of words. These are stored in the search_totals table, and the search_dirty function keeps track of which words in the table are now out of date due to the most recent document being indexed. Later, these words will be recalculated and the search_total table updated.
The search_dataset table
Here's what is in the search_dataset table after indexing the tokens in Figure 3:
mysql> select * from search_dataset;
| sid | type | data | reindex |
| 2 | node | taxonomy badgers are the new ponies | 0 |
Figure 17: The contents of the search_dataset table after processing the tokens in Figure 3.
As you can see, the data column of search_dataset is all of the words that were encountered in this document, in the order that they were encountered. This string is used for executing phrase queries, but it will take writing a different article on the search process to show how that works!
The search_node_links table
The tokens in Figure 3 didn't contain any links. Here's some text that links back to node 2 (the node that talks about ponies and badgers):
Talk of badgers and ponies
This is in node 3, and the link references node 2. Now look at the contents of the search_node_links table after node 3 has been indexed:
mysql> select * from search_node_links;
| sid | type | nid | caption |
| 3 | node | 2 | talk badgers and ponies |
Figure 18: search_node_links has "caption" text that will be added to a node's text at indexing time.
The utility of this text only makes sense if we also look at the search_nodeapi function:
* Implementation of hook_nodeapi().
function search_nodeapi(&$node, $op, $teaser = NULL, $page = NULL) {
switch ($op) {
// Transplant links to a node into the target node.
case 'update index':
$result = db_query("SELECT caption FROM {search_node_links} WHERE nid = %d", $node->nid);
$links = array();
$output = '';
while ($link = db_fetch_object($result)) {
$links[] = $link->caption;
if (count($links) > 0) {
$output = '(' . implode(', ', $output) . ')';
return $output;
Figure 19: The search_nodeapi function takes care that the text from referencing links gets added to a node's text at indexing time.
Here you can see that before a node gets indexed, it's text is extended with all of the link text from nodes that reference it. The referring link texts get wrapped in  tags to boost the score of the words appropriately.
The search_total table
Take a look at what the search_total table contains after indexing example nodes 2 and 3:
mysql> select * from search_total order by count desc;
| word | count |
| are | 0.30103 |
| the | 0.30103 |
| new | 0.30103 |
| and | 0.162727 |
| talk | 0.162727 |
| ponies | 0.118099 |
| badgers | 0.0649408 |
| testing | 0.0163904 |
| links | 0.0163904 |
| taxonomy | 0.0163904 |
Figure 20: Global normalized totals for the words in the index.
After each time that indexing occurs, all of the words that have been marked by search_dirty will be updated in the search_total table. The
count value is a normalization according to Zipf's law that says a word's value to the search index is inversely proportionate to its overall frequency therein. Here is the
count calculation expressed in code:
search.module: search_update_totals()
// Get total count
$total = db_result(db_query("SELECT SUM(score) FROM {search_index} WHERE word = '%s'", $word));
// Apply Zipf's law to equalize the probability distribution
$total = log10(1 + 1/(max(1, $total)));
Figure 21: Normalizing word counts according to Zipf's law.
Note that more frequent words will have a higher
count value, thus making them less valuable in the index. Normally words like "and", "the", and "are" will naturally have very high values due to their high frequency in the English language, whereas on most websites, words like "badgers" and "ponies" would have low counts. This limited sample gets things a bit backwards because of the author's obsession with ponies and badgers ;-)
Word level processing
It's not easy for a word to get into the search index unscathed. There are several imposed limitations and transformations that can happen to an unsuspecting word, and these all lurk in the benign sounding search_simplify function. To keep things in context, search_simplify gets called from search_index_split, which in turn gets called in during the text token phase of search_index (it's a bit like playing mental twister, isn't it?)
Let's look at the whole search_simplify function:
search.module: search_simplify()
* Simplifies a string according to indexing rules.
function search_simplify($text) {
// Decode entities to UTF-8
$text = decode_entities($text);
// Lowercase
$text = drupal_strtolower($text);
// Call an external processor for word handling.
// Simple CJK handling
if (variable_get('overlap_cjk', TRUE)) {
$text = preg_replace_callback('/[' . PREG_CLASS_CJK . ']+/u', 'search_expand_cjk', $text);
// To improve searching for numerical data such as dates, IP addresses
// or version numbers, we consider a group of numerical characters
// separated only by punctuation characters to be one piece.
// This also means that searching for e.g. '20/03/1984' also returns
// results with '20-03-1984' in them.
// Readable regexp: ([number]+)[punctuation]+(?=[number])
$text = preg_replace(
'/([' . PREG_CLASS_NUMBERS . ']+)[' . PREG_CLASS_PUNCTUATION . ']+(?=[' . PREG_CLASS_NUMBERS . '])/u',
'\1', $text);
// The dot, underscore and dash are simply removed. This allows meaningful
// search behavior with acronyms and URLs.
$text = preg_replace('/[._-]+/', '', $text);
// With the exception of the rules above, we consider all punctuation,
// marks, spacers, etc, to be a word boundary.
$text = preg_replace('/[' . PREG_CLASS_SEARCH_EXCLUDE . ']+/u', ' ', $text);
return $text;
Figure 22: The search_simplify function transforms text to the norms of the search index.
When a string of text comes into search_simplify, three things happen right away: it's entities are decoded, it is put into lowercase, and it is subjected to the whims of hook_search_preprocess. This hook allows any module to make a transformation on the text in a way intended to improve its utility in searching. The best example of a module that uses hook_search_preprocess is the Porter Stemmer module which applies stemming rules to the text.
The next transformation, Simple CJK handling, applies only to asian languages whose character based alphabets require special tokenizing.
The next three transformations attempt to bring structure to the vast diversity of numerical data and punctuation that might come into the indexer. It would be nice if searching for dates would work as expected, as well as acronyms (P.E.T.A and PETA should return the same results). This has its share of side effects as well as benefits. For example, the word "low-budget" will get indexed as word "lowbudget" so neither "low" nor "budget" will return results. A possible solution to this problem would be to remove the hyphen and add "low" and "budget" separately.
After all these transformations, the text is sent back to search_index for the rest of the indexing process.
Updating the totals
The last thing that happens in indexing is the updating of the search_total table. As explained previously, a word is considered more valuable (lower count score) the rarer it is in the index. The following code first selects the sum total of every word that has been added to search_dirty during indexing. It then calculates the inverse document frequency of the word (IDF) and updates the search_total table. Sometimes words have been deleted during indexing (via search_wipe), and housecleaning dictates these be removed from search_total as well.
search.module: search_update_totals()
* This function is called on shutdown to ensure that search_total is always
* up to date (even if cron times out or otherwise fails).
function search_update_totals() {
// Update word IDF (Inverse Document Frequency) counts for new/changed words
foreach (search_dirty() as $word => $dummy) {
// Get total count
$total = db_result(db_query("SELECT SUM(score) FROM {search_index} WHERE word = '%s'", $word));
// Apply Zipf's law to equalize the probability distribution
$total = log10(1 + 1/(max(1, $total)));
db_query("UPDATE {search_total} SET count = %f WHERE word = '%s'", $total, $word);
if (!db_affected_rows()) {
db_query("INSERT INTO {search_total} (word, count) VALUES ('%s', %f)", $word, $total);
// Find words that were deleted from search_index, but are still in
// search_total. We use a LEFT JOIN between the two tables and keep only the
// rows which fail to join.
$result = db_query("SELECT t.word AS realword, i.word FROM {search_total} t
LEFT JOIN {search_index} i ON t.word = i.word WHERE i.word IS NULL");
while ($word = db_fetch_object($result)) {
db_query("DELETE FROM {search_total} WHERE word = '%s'", $word->realword);
Figure 23: Updating the search totals to reflect the inverse document frequency value of each word in the index.
Drupal's text indexing has a lot to it. The complexity of the code makes it a somewhat formidable subject of study, but understanding how it all works is a sure way to build appreciation for the Drupal search framework. This article steps through the indexing process from beginning to end and serves as a guide to your further study.
Awesome, Thanks :-) I feel like I just read a chapter in a really good drupal book.
Wow. This has to be the authoritative document on indexing. Very well done.
A doc like this generates as many questions as answers. What is the search query like for a single word? For a phrase? Also, it would be nice to do a unified such query that includes users/profiles and other non node data.
Thank you so much for the writeup.
I didn't know there is a $node->build_mode , very interesting. Can it be used to control which part of the node text be indexed, e.g. only title and teaser text?
While reading, the question arose whether the search index could be "abused" to perform 404 link checking on a Drupal site (internal links), and, to develop a keyword density checker for SEO.
PS: It would be great if you guys could install Comment Mail, so I would be informed if someone replied to my comments.
Daniel F. Kudwien
unleashed mind
Thank you for your article! I am new to Drupal and still hacking php. I have content that is pulling from a database using php. Will drupal index that database. For example, a page has a list (from the database) of nonprofits and the funds they recieve. A user would be interested in searching the site for a specific nonprofit.
I am not sure if I am missing an add-on script or module, but it is not showing up in a search. Test site: http://lynchburgt rust.traxtech.net/?q=node/17
Thanks in advance
Thank you very much. I understand about half of what you said, but at least I know what direction to go and that's a major step. I'll check out the link and order the book. Thanks again!
I have a question about:
The node_update_index function first finds out what node ids are new, have been updated, or have new comments.
I have been using the "update index" case in hook_nodeapi to index related/child nodes.
The problem is that when one of the related/child nodes is updated, Drupal doesn't know to reindex that parent node.
What is the correct way to flag a node to be reindexed. My assumption is that I just need to set the reindex column in the search_dataset table to the current timestamp for the parent node when a child node is added or updated.
Thanks for the great article and everything you are doing to improve Drupal search!
Thanks.. this solved the problem
I hope this may help someone.. for search indexing problem
* Implementation of hook_nodeapi().
function search_nodeapi(&$node, $op, $teaser = NULL, $page = NULL) {
switch ($op) {
// Transplant links to a node into the target node.
case 'update index':
$result = db_query("SELECT keywords FROM {answers} WHERE nid = %d", $node->nid);
while ($link = db_fetch_object($result)) {
$links = $link->keywords;
// Update index
search_index($node->nid,'qbiz_Answer',' '.$links.' ');
give this coding in search.module
and run cron.php
search works fine..
I have a problem where the indexer won't index CCK fields on nodes on occasion (Drupal 6.9 / CCK 2.2) I skimmed through the code and got a better grip thanks to this article. Great work!
I have a question regarding this line:
"This is followed by passing the built node along to any module that implements the 'update index' operation of hook_nodapi. This is an important moment in the process because modules like comment and taxonomy use the opportunity to add things (such as comments, cck fields, and taxonomy terms) to the text that will get indexed for this node."
Maybe I'm wrong (these are my first ventures into Drupal code) but CCK doesn't add field data to $node->content in 'update index' on nodeapi. This is done in the 'view' op of hook_nodeapi. Moreover, the update index op isn't even implemented in CCK and when it's called, it just being ignored by CCK.
Nonetheless, the result should be the same: CCK fields and extra data are hooked on $node->content and the data gets indexed.


text:
Floor Heating Mats
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text:
Torn Between Two Lovers, Part 2
August 4, 2005
Brad has been having an affair with his wife's ex-best friend and says he's torn between saving his family or being with his girlfriend.
Get caught up on what you've missed in part 1.
An affair is tearing two families apart.
The story continues in part 3.


text:
Bob Madigan, wtop.com
WASHINGTON – It was a packed house filled with students, parents and people who love up-and-coming talent.
The 10th annual Nova Idol competition was held at the Northern Virginia Community College Alexandria campus last night. It took months of auditions on multiple campuses to get down to 65 semi-finalists and then 10 finalists.
Fox5's Tony Perkins announced the college winner, NOVA Security Management student Neebra Williams of Fredericksburg, Va., who took home $5,000. The high-school winner is Catie Lee, a freshman at Dominion High in Sterling, Va., who won $1,000.
Follow @WTOP on Twitter.
Check out the next group of inductees into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame plus a few contenders who've yet to be nominated.


text: Inspired by one of nature's winged wonders, this organic cotton bedding adds warmth and whimsy to the nursery. Big-eyed owls and tree branches are appliquéd on the handmade quilt using soft, textural fabrics. The matching bumper features a chamois interior for ultimate comfort, and the cozy chamois sheets are printed with owls to complete the sweet woodland motif.


text:
Hi and welcome to the guild. I'm not entirely sure what you mean by "plant". Also while Coreldraw is probably a quite nice program (I haven't used it for 15 years so i can't help you there) it's kinda tricky making maps with CorelDraw simply because there are very few maps made mainly with Illustrator or CorelDraw. I have used Illustrator for a recent map (see "The Secret Den") and I know Sapiento have made a recent town map with Illustrator).
If you wanna try to stick to CorelDraw you might look into maps from Harn - I think there are some sets of symbols (doors, chests, chairs etc) to download (on Cartographers Guild?).


text:
Are there computers in your area scheduled for replacement this fall under the Technology Renewal Program?
Questionnaires and renewal information will be sent via e-mail to guardians and department coordinators in early July.
If your area is affected, we ask that you take a moment to verify that these items are listed correctly in our Technology Assets database. If an asset needs to be changed (e.g., assigned to a new guardian or different room number), please submit a change request for that asset, and we'll take care of updating the record. Please pay particular attention to any assets in your area marked "unassigned" and update them as needed.
Just go here:
…and log in with your Netpass username and password to view asset information and submit changes.
More information, including replacement computer configurations, is available on the Technology Renewal website:
ITS Helpdesk
104 Job Hall
0 Comments


text:
May 6, 2016
ARDMORE, OK--Shoppers in Ardmore are already taking advantage of tax free weekend.
Starting today shoppers can purchase certain items like clothes, shoes, and school supplies without paying the sales tax, which is roughly five cents on the dollar.
Retailers reap the benefits as well. Tax free will continue until midnight on Sunday.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


text:
Amelia Curran was beaming with pride as she spoke to the media after her Juno win.
She said winning a Juno in her hometown feels exactly like one imagines it might.
She hoped her family were having a drink and she thanked Tony Poughman of Fred's Records for inspiring her over the years.
She's about to go on tour for two months and has no idea what the Juno will do for her career.
For a video of what the award means to her, see this.
To see her on the podium, go here.
To hear why country singer Johnny Reid thinks he's so popular, check this out.
To learn what Billy Talent thinks about the state of rock in Canada, click here.
To hear a singer's shout out to Pouch Cove, try this.
* * *
Newfoundlander Amelia Curran won roots traditional solo album of the year seconds ago.
She's giving her acceptance speech.
* * *
Michael Bubl just won his first Juno of 2010, for pop album of the year.
The crooner, who is nominated for six awards, won over pop sensation Justin Beiber, among others.
Bubl was in good humour and joked he wished he had hair life The Beibs.
* * * *
Amelia Curran just sang a touching in memoriam piece, where pictures of music industry people who passed away over the past year were played on a screen.
* * *
The winner of the contemporary jazz album of the year, Charles Spearin, seemed extremely surprised with his win.
He used the word ridiculous to describe it twice.
I'm a visitor in the world of jazz, Spearin said.
To make the album, he asked his neighbours over, recorded their conversations and played melodies to match their intonation.
Spearin is also a guitarist with the band Broken Social Scene.
* * *
Arkells, the band that just won the Juno for new group of the year, say they are going to get Screeched-in during their show at Junctions tonight.
Never mind shooting the rum or kissing the cod, the band members were wondering if they actually have to eat bologna.
* * *
A touching moment as jacksoul won RB/soul recording of the year.
'On the count of three (say) Haydain Neale, Ron Lopata asked an obliging audience in accepting the award.
Neale was the driving force behind jacksoul. He passed away at 39 due to lung cancer last November.
The winning album, Lonesome Highway, was released earlier that month. It was recorded as he battled the disease.
It's a bittersweet kind of thing, Lopata told the media afterwards.
* * *
Country singer Johnny Reid has made an impression on at least one fan.
A reader says he was stuck at the airport in Toronto Friday and Reid who is nominated for four Junos was among the stranded trying to reach St. John's.
The country singer apparently took time to speak with the reader, signing an autograph, trading birthday travelling stories about their kids and even chatting on cell phone to the reader's wife.
Talk about an honorary Newfoundlander, the reader wrote in an e-mail. Apart from his Scottish accent, you would swear from his friendliness and down to earth demeanor, he was already from The Rock.
* * *
Danny Williams just offered the crowd at the Juno gala some fashion advice, suggesting they shouldn't wear purple.
With a purple scarf draped around his neck, the premier joked people have been coming up to him and suggested being premier wasn't enough for him, that now he wants to be pope.
* * *
The 2010 Juno gala dinner and awards banquet is underway at the St. John's Convention Centre.
Seamus O'Regan is hosting.
Thirty-two awards are being presented in what's called the non-broadcast categories.
Among tonight's performers are Amelia Curran.
Premier Danny Williams is scheduled to speak.
* * *
Montreal band The Handsome Furs didn't make it to a show at Club One Friday night due to all the fogged out flights.
In their place, locals Mercy The Sexton played and were reported to be very energetic.
The Halifax band Wintersleep was also on the bill.
Among those enjoying the show were Bubbles and Ricky from Trailer Park Boys.
They weren't in character.
* * *
Left Juno Fan Fare an hour ago and my ears are still ringing.
Haven't heard that much screaming in St. John's since property assessments were mailed out last fall.
Anyway, homeowners weren't the ones making the noise at the Village Mall this afternoon.
That would have been an estimated 3,000 music fans screaming for the likes of country singer Johnny Reid, rock band Down With Webster, pop band Faber Drive, rapper Classified and pop/punker Shiloh.
The MuchMusic personalities on hand also generated a large share of howls.
There were young girls crying, grown men getting guitars signed and women getting Reid to sign cowboy hats.
It was utter madness and, to their credit, the artists stuck around a lot longer than planned to sign autographs.


text:
20 U.S. Code § 6456 - Accountability
§ 6456.
AccountabilityThe State educational agency may—
reduce or terminate funding for projects under this subpart if a local educational agency does not show progress in reducing dropout rates for male students and for female students over a 3-year period; and
require correctional facilities or institutions for neglected or delinquent children and youth to demonstrate, after receiving assistance under this subpart for 3 years, that there has been an increase in the number of children and youth returning to school, obtaining a secondary school diploma or its recognized equivalent, or obtaining employment after such children and youth are released.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title I, § 1426, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title I, § 101, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1590.)
Prior Provisions
A prior section 6456, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, § 1426, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, § 101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3600, related to accountability, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


text:
Debbie's Fund will take to the links at Jonathans Landing for the eight consecutive year on Friday, June 13for the Par for Pets golf tournament. Area golfers are invited to participate in the event, the proceeds from which are used to help animals living in shelters. Golfers of all skill levels are welcomed. A team entry fee is $300, which includes lunch and on course refreshments. Hole sponsorships are available for $100. For more information email email@example.com, call (302) 424-1504 or visit debbiesfund.com
Location, ST | website.com


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Known to the ancients as a powerful aphrodisiac, vanilla's intoxicating bouquet has enchanted people of all cultures for centuries. The Vivid Vanilla e cigarette flavor cartridge combines the complex floral aroma of Tahitian Vanilla with the rich, velvety flavor of Madagascar Bourbon Vanilla. Expertly cured to ideal moisture levels with just a hint of sweetness, Vivid Vanilla captures the allure and pure essence of one of nature's most beguiling flavors.
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not for sale to minors | california proposition 65 - Warning: This product contains nicotine, a chemical known to the state of California to cause birth defects or other reproductive harm.
WARNING: This product contains nicotine derived from tobacco. Nicotine is an addictive chemical.


text:
WASHINGTON (WUSA9) -- The Washington Post's new boss is Jeff Bezos, who is the founder of Amazon.com. He bought the paper for for $250 million on Aug. 5. Wednesday, he will meet with key staffers.
Bezos is expected to meet with reporters, hold a noon lunch with editors and answer questions about the future of the newsroom.
He started his two-day tour Tuesday.
There are big questions for the tech business leader about how he'll run one of the biggest papers in the world. Bezos has hinted at what role he would play in the Post's day-to-day decision-making. He has suggested he'll offer a "point of view" but said he did not expect to be involved with the daily operations of The Post.


text:
Vol State Homecoming is a Flashback for Alumni
Submitted on November 05, 2009 at 12:29 PM
Take a "Stroll through the Decades" with the Volunteer State Community College Alumni Association as they celebrate Homecoming on Saturday, November 21. The Pioneer basketball teams will take on Motlow State in two games: 2 p.m. and 4 p.m. Alumni in attendance will be recognized at half court between the games. Vol State Cheerleaders and the Dance Team are set to perform. The Alumni Association and the Athletic Department will host a hospitality room beginning at 1:00 p.m. Alumni can enjoy refreshments and reconnect with friends.
The Alumni Advisory Council is challenging Alumni with the "Your Change Can Make a Change" Campaign. Bring your loose change to donate to the Vol State Alumni Association Scholarship Fund.
A service provided by the Office of Public Relations.


text:
Police say someone tried to light a home on fire overnight in a neighborhood north of Woodmen near Austin Bluffs. Investigators are still looking for a suspect.
The Fire Department was called to the house in the 7900 block of Manston Drive at 11 p.m. Tuesday. When they got on scene, flames were climbing up the front of the garage. Crews quickly knocked the fire out, limiting the damage to the garage door. A man and woman were home at the time; neither were injured.
Once arson investigators took a look at the scene, they determined the fire was started from a pile of burned envelopes near the base of the garage door.
Right now police tell us they have no leads on a suspect and haven't seen any kind of arson pattern in the area. They believe this was a random crime.
If you have any information that can help police track down the person responsible for this crime, call Crime Stoppers at 634-STOP.
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text:
United States of America
this wiki
|Motto: In God We Trust
|Anthem: "The Star Spangled Banner"
|Washington D.C.
|Largest city
|New York City (Liberty City in-game)
|Official language(s)
|None at federal level English at national level
|July 4, 1776
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic situated mostly in central North America, where its fourty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
United States in GTA
In the Grand Theft Auto World in which the main Grand Theft Auto games take place, most of the locations in the games are based on cities and states found in the actual USA. For example, Liberty City is based on the city of New York, Vice City is based on the city of Miami and the Keys located in South Florida, and the State of San Andreas is inspired by the actual states of California and Nevada, comprised of fictional cities based on real cities in those states, these are: Los Santos (Los Angeles), San Fierro (San Francisco) and Las Venturas (Las Vegas).
Bullworth is a town in New England, and is where the game Bully takes place, apparently as a bridge between the 3D and HD Universe. GTA IV contains references to Bully, as Bully contains references to GTA III's Era.
Carcer City is an industrial city possibly based in Liberty State, and is where the game Manhunt takes place. It takes place in the 3D Universe. There are references to Manhunt in GTA III during a news segment on the radio saying that Carcer City is not too far from Liberty City.
The State of San Andreas, which contains 3 large cities and huge rural areas with small towns between, is located in the southwest, considering it has large deserts. The 3D Universe's Liberty City is located somewhere in the north, since it snowed in the mission Saint Mark's Bistro in Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, while the Grand Theft Auto IV rendition of Liberty City is in Liberty City State. Note that the 3D Universe and HD Universe do not follow the same canon. Vice City is located in the state of Florida down south, and this is directly said to be true by Salvatore Leone in The Introduction video for Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, and Tommy Vercetti refers to the residents of the city as "dumb Florida morons" early after his arrival. Various NPCs also confirm that Vice City is in Florida.
In all the games, the cities are always located on several islands connected by bridges. They appear to be isolated islands in the middle of the sea, but this is down to game limitations. Rockstar Games have stated that they avoid placing unreachable pieces of land within the games to keep the complete feel to the game. There are multiple islands, and every game starts with certain bridges blocked, restricting the player from exploring the entire city at the start of the game. There is always a story as to why the bridges are shut, sometimes relative to the location of the game, for example; the bridges in Vice City are shut due to hurricane warnings, while in Liberty City they are blocked due to to terrorist threats against the city (HD Era), and bridges in San Andreas are blocked because of a major earthquake and because Officer Tenpenny told CJ that he can't leave town. These restrictions are lifted as the story progresses, with the earlier reason for them being closed having been blown over, unlocking new parts of the city/state.
Even though the Grand Theft Auto video games are made in the United Kingdom, specifically Edinburgh, Scotland, they are released first in the United States of America, and subsequently Canada followed by the UK and Europe. The games are primarily based on American popular culture, and nearly all have been set in fictitious (or copied) locations on the American mainland. The music, the clothes, the slang, and the abundance of vehicles in the game are considerably of American origin.
During the mission 'Practice Swing' in The Ballad of Gay Tony, Tony refers to Rocco as being under the age of consent in Utah, thus confirming the State of Utah's existence in the GTA universe.
Tony also refers Ohio as stated in a Liberty Tree article: " If I wanted to go to bed at 8 pm everyday, I would go to Ohio. Not that there's anything wrong with Ohio. I just used it as an example".
New Austin, Nuevo Paraiso, and West Elizabeth are unknown to be in the same universe, as there are no references to indicate this, but nothing to contradict it either. However, the real states of New York and California are mentioned in the game so all 3 regions may be in a different universe.
The writers of the game seem to have liberal political beliefs, as they often parody conservatives in a negative light. Most of the Grand Theft Auto titles are set during a Republican presidency (apart from GTA 1, GTA 2, Advance and Liberty City Stories, all during the Clinton administration.)
3D Universe
- 1961-1963: John F. Kennedy - In GTA San Andreas, set in 1992, The Truth mentions John F. Kennedy and his assassination.
- 1986 (Vice City): Alex Shrub, a fictional right-wing Florida congressman whose name and mannerisms are based on George H.W. Bush, voices his intention to run for president, although he fails after his affair with porn star Candy Suxxx becomes public (all of this happening in 1986). Said affair became a very public spectacle, even across the country in San Andreas where photos of Shrub and Suxxx are seen on Carl Johnson's wall.
- ?-1998: Roger C. Hole, Liberty City Mayor.
- 1998-?: Miles O'Donovan, Liberty City Mayor.
- 2001: George W. Bush (GTA III) - The Liberty Tree article "The W Comes To Town" shows George W. Bush having just been elected president at the time of GTA III, entirely canon with real life events.
HD Universe
- 1989-1993: Joe Lawton's father (presumably in this time period, if based on H.W. Bush). He became senator after being president.
- 2001-2009: Joe Lawton (GTA IV): A parody of then-president George W. Bush.
- 2001-2009: Julio Ochoa, Liberty City Mayor. Maybe a parody of Michael Bloomberg.
- There are two men running for governor of the State of Liberty: John Hunter (left wing) and Michael Graves (right wing).
Known Towns, Cities, States and Regions
All Locations, 2D Universe
Liberty City (New York City)
- Western Landmass (New Jersey)
- Central Landmass (Manhattan)
- Eastern Landmass (Brooklyn, Queens)
- Minor Islands (Roosevelt Island, Rikers Island)
- North Eastern Island (The Bronx)
San Andreas (San Francisco)
- Northern Landmass (San Francisco)
- South Eastern Landmass (Marin County)
Vice City (Miami)
- Western Landmass (Miami Mainland)
- North Eastern Island (Miami Beach)
- Eastern Island
Liberty City , State of Liberty (New York - HD Universe)
Liberty City (New York, 3D Universe)
- Portland (Brooklyn, Queens, Lower Manhattan)
- Staunton Island (Manhattan, Staten Island)
- Shoreside Vale (New Jersey, Bronx, Long Island, Westchester)
- Upstate Liberty (Upstate New York)
Note: The latter is not included in any gameworld, and therefore inaccessible in-game.
Alderney City , State of Alderney (New Jersey, HD Universe)
- Acter
- Acter Industrial Park
- Alderney City (Jersey City)
- Alderney State Correctional Facility (GTA IV map enlists as it's own municipality)
- Berchem
- Leftwood
- Normandy
- Port Tudor
- Tudor
- Westdyke
Other cities (3D Universe)
- Carcer City (New Jersey )
- Capital City (Washington D.C.[?])
State of San Andreas (California/Nevada, 3D Universe)
- Los Santos (Los Angeles )
- Red County
- San Fierro (San Francisco )
Florida (3D Universe)
- Vice City (Miami)
- Cottonmouth (Tampa )
New England (HD Universe)
East Coast (mentioned in HD Era)
- Chicago
- Minneapolis
- Ohio
- Pittsburgh (mentioned in 'Strange Tramps Seen All Over Liberty City')
Midwest (mentioned in 3D Era)
(All three locations are mentioned by Toni on Flash FM in GTA Vice City).
Alaska (mentioned in a radio station in GTA IV)
- Fairbanks (mentioned in The Science Of Crime ad in radio)
- Mentioned in the talk show Pressing Issues in VCPR, they discute about how people live in Alaska and being naked.
Kansas (mentioned by pedestrians in GTA Vice City)
Utah (mentioned in The Ballad of Gay Tony)
Texas (mentioned in GTA Series)
Unknown State (possibly Florida or California)
- Cottonmouth (Possibly New Orleans or Tampa)


text:
WASHINGTON (AP) - MTV will gather some young voters at Georgetown University in Washington for a live 30-minute interview with President Barack Obama that will be shown across its various networks and platforms this week.
The interview is scheduled for Friday at 5 p.m. Eastern time. It will air on tape delay at 5 p.m. Pacific time.
Viewers are being invited to submit questions for the president on MTV's Facebook page. MTV News correspondent Sway Calloway will interview Obama at the White House, while Andrew Jenks will be reporting from Georgetown University's campus. He will talk with a group of young voters as part of the broadcast.
MTV hopes many questions will focus on issues important to young voters.
The interview will air on five networks, MTV.com and its mobile platform.