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Tails can't run quite as fast as Sonic, but his flying abilities more than make up for it. Become a girly version of Sonic's sidekick and best friend with this Tails The Fox Sonic Costume for Girls. This set is comprised of the dress, gloves, headpiece, tail, and shoe covers. A sleek orange fabric is used for most of this outfit with white accents appearing along the center of the torso, tip of the tail, gloves, shoe covers, and inside of the ears to represent fur. The dress is long sleeved and has a drop waist out of which flares a short ruffled skirt. This child's Tails costume is perfect for the girl who loves playing Sonic but still wants a cute outfit to wear out on Halloween night.
Our Price: $3.97
Our Price: $8.97
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Parsons students have access to extensive studio facilities and professionally staffed model, fabrication, and print shops, including rapid prototyping, photography and imaging labs, metalworking, jewelry, and woodworking facilities.
In addition to individual program facilities, Parsons provides resources, including design libraries, computer labs, and galleries and exhibition facilities, that are available to all Parsons students.
These are supplemented by shared New School facilities, including
residence halls,
cafeterias, and
libraries, as well as an array of
student services, ranging from health care to extracurricular and student development programs.
Everyone should live in
New York City at least once. Situated in the heart of Manhattan, Parsons students live, work, and dream in one of the world's great cities. It is Parsons' most important classroom.

subset: commoncrawl


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this wiki
- "You want a real challenge? Try whores."
- ―Petyr Baelish
Prostitution is the act or practice of providing sexual services to another person in return for payment, usually in the form of currency. A building where people engage in sexual activities with prostitutes is known as a brothel.
Prostitution in Westeros
- "All desires are valid to a man with a full purse."
- ―Petyr Baelish
Prostitution is tacitly legal in the Seven Kingdoms, in the sense that there is no official law preventing brothels from openly operating in the major cities and towns. Organized religion does discourage prostitution, and it is socially frowned upon, but it is nonetheless present, sometimes seen as an outlet for uncontrollable male sexual desires. Secular lords and kings have not (in general) tried to shut down prostitution, as taxing brothels is a good source of revenue.
Social customs are somewhat different in Dorne, which has more liberal attitudes towards sexuality. A holdover from the old court culture of their Rhoynar ancestors' city-states on the eastern continent is that Dornish society still contains a group of elite courtesans, known as "paramours". Paramours are the unmarried lovers of Dornish nobles, and can be male or female. They are highly trained in courtly culture, and strictly speaking are not prostitutes. Some are even functionally treated as wives in all but name. Outsiders from the other kingdoms often dismissively think of Dornish paramours as mistresses, or as simple prostitutes.
Despite their vows of celibacy, some of the officers of the Night's Watch have been known to frequent a brothel in Mole's Town, a village in the Gift which is the settlement of commoners (i.e. including women, and prostitutes) located closest to the Wall.
Apparently, a common euphemistic name applied to prostitutes in Westeros is "Sallys". When Catelyn Stark is led into the brothel owned by Petyr "Littlefinger" Baelish, she shouts that he should be ashamed to bring a noblewoman into such a place, as if she were some "back-alley Sally" (though he actually brought her to his brothel because no one would think to look for her there).[1] When Samwell Tarly is complaining to Jon Snow that several officers in the Night's Watch secretly frequent the brothel in Mole's Town, he says it isn't fair that they swear oaths of celibacy but then flout their vows by sneaking off to enjoy a "Sally on the side".[2]
Known prostitutes in Westeros
- Shae, now handmaiden to Sansa Stark and, secretly, favorite of Tyrion Lannister
Working at a brothel in King's Landing owned by Petyr Baelish:
- {Ros}, his aide. Sold to King Joffrey Baratheon, and killed by him, for spying for Varys.
- Armeca, from Flea Bottom.
- Daisy, from Haystack Hall.
- Mhaegen
- Mirelle
- Kayla, who can perform a Meereenese Knot.
- Marei
- Genna
- Olyvar, a male prostitute.
Prostitution in Essos
- "It is said that Irogenia of Lys could finish a man with nothing but her eyes... Kings traveled across the world for a night with Irogenia. Magisters sold their palaces. Khals burned her enemies just to have her for a few hours. They say a thousand men proposed to her and she refused them all."
- ―Doreah
Prostitution is commonly practiced in many regions of the continent of Essos, such as in the Free Cities. The Free City of Lys is famous for training some of the best bed-slaves and prostitutes in the world. Irogenia of Lys was a world-famous courtesan.
Slavery is illegal in Westeros, but it is legal in many regions of Essos. Thus prostitutes in Westeros are never legally considered to be actual "slaves", even if they are functionally living conditions of dire social and economic servitude not much better than slaves. In contrast, many prostitutes in the Free Cities are actual slaves, whose services are rented out by their masters. Not all bed-slaves are necessarily prostitutes, however, though only in the sense that their masters don't let other people have sex with them for money, instead retaining private access to their sexual use. The city of Yunkai in Slaver's Bay focuses on producing bed-slaves, though they aren't as highly esteemed as those trained in Lys.
In the books
In the A Song of Ice and Fire novels, prostitution is practiced throughout the continents of Westeros and Essos. It is tacitly legal in the Seven Kingdoms, as kings and lords usually find it more profitable to simply tax brothels than to ban prostitution outright. Every now and again a particularly pious lord will attempt to shut down the brothels within his lands, but with varying degrees of success. King Baelor Targaryen - a deeply religious but delusional, half-insane pacifist - drove all of the prostitutes out of King's Landing, but after he died they soon came back. Of course, this was just one instance in a long string of King Baelor's follies, such as trying to have all of the messenger-ravens in Westeros replaced with doves, wearing a crown made of flowers, and appointing an eight year old boy as High Septon. For that matter, Baelor never even consummated his own marriage and therefore died without issue, so the crown had to pass to his uncle.
In the books, Littlefinger does maintain a high-end brothel in King's Landing, though many of the named prostitutes shown working there in the TV series have no specific counterparts in the books. Mhaegen, the prostitute who has a bastard daughter with King Robert, is present in the books: however in the novels she is killed when she tries to defend her daughter from the Gold Cloaks; this wasn't explicitly shown in the TV series, so her survival is unclear. Marei also appears in the books but she is employed by Chataya, not Littlefinger.
Otherwise, the TV series created a new prostitute character named Ros, who stands in for or acts as a condensation of several different prostitutes in the books. Originally the role was just a one-time guest spot as a "red-haired whore" in the pilot episode, but the producers were impressed enough by Esme Bianco's performance that they turned it into a recurring role; eventually they used Ros as a stand-in for other prostitute characters, to work with someone the audience is already familiar with instead of frequently introducing new characters.
In the books, there is another upscale brothel in King's Landing, owned and run by a madam from the Summer Islands named Chataya, whose own daughter Alayaya works at her establishment. In the books, it was Alayaya whom Cersei Lannister mistakenly captured, thinking she was Tyrion's lover (who was actually Shae); rather than expand an already massive cast of characters, Ros stood in for Alayaya's role in the TV series.
The books often mention "camp-followers": whores who regularly follow armies and sellsword companies. In addition to sleeping with soldiers, sometimes they perform chores like cooking and washing clothes for the soldiers. Shae was a camp-follower before she became Tyrion's mistress.
The Free City of Braavos is one of the few exceptional areas win Essos here slavery is illegal (as it was founded by slaves fleeing the old Valyrian Freehold centuries ago). Even so, Braavos has "free" prostitutes much as Westeros does, which come in three general categories: high-class courtesans, brothel-workers, and lowly street-walkers. The courtesans of Braavos are actually world-renowned for their sophistication, well-respected for their skills, and treated as celebrities. Braavos is a city of canals and boat-houses, and many of the most famous Braavosi courtesans own their own boats and answer to no one. Braavosi courtesans aren't necessarily as skilled in actual sex-acts as are the bed-slaves of Lys, however their areas of expertise encompass a far wider range of cultural education in music, poetry, literature, etc. (similar to real-life Japanese geisha).
See also
- Prostitution at A Wiki of Ice and Fire (spoilers from the books)


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Dress like a true 60s supermodel this Halloween by ordering our Women's Go Go Geo Costume. This mini dress comes with the matching hat and looks just like something you'd see in a fashion magazine in the 60s. A large black and white checker design fills out the dress and hat. The dress is sleeveless and hangs straight down as was the style of this decade. This design is offered in a women's size small to extra large. Order our go go boots and our 60s themed jewelry to make it look even more fabulous. Models like Twiggy were the ideal mod girls of the time, and you can look just as great as she did this Halloween. Just order this go go costume through us, and get ready to hit the clubs in style!
Our Price: $43.99
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May 5, 2016
Authorities say an 88-year-old woman who had been in a Gastonia nursing home for a few days and wanted to get out has died after falling from a second-story window.
Police said employees at Morningside of Gastonia were looking for Nellie Holland around 10:15 p.m. Sunday night when they found her outside the building. Paramedics say she died at the scene.
Investigators say Holland had been at the home for only a few days and told people she wanted to get out.
A spokesman for Morningside says the facility is cooperating with the investigation and providing support to the family. He says medical privacy laws prevent him from talking about Holland.
Copyright 2016 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
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Apply for Financial Aid
An advanced degree is an investment
in yourself—and your future.
Apply for Financial Aid
Filing your federal tax return is the first step in applying for financial aid. Next, file the 2015-2016 Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). You'll need your Department of Education FSA ID as well as your Social Security number and driver's license number; W-2 formsor any other records of earned income; federal income tax return for the previous year; records of other untaxed income (welfare, Social Security, veteran's benefits, AFDC, TANF, ADC, and military or clergy allowances); and current bank statements and records of other savings and investments such as stocks, bonds, and mutual funds.
FAFSA Notes
- Non-US citizens will need their permanent resident card.
- Adler University's federal school code is G20681.
- All graduate students must file as "independent" regardless of the dependency status listed on their federal tax return.
- All housing is "off campus."
- Parents' tax information should not be included.
- We recommend that you retain a copy of the FAFSA completion confirmation e-mail for future follow up.
- Failure to meet the completion deadline will delay processing of your financial aid packet and could result in delays to disbursement.
- The preferred FAFSA completion deadline for returning students is June 15th, 2015. If you do not meet the completion deadline this will delay processing of your financial aid packet which could result in delays to your funds disbursement for the Fall 2015 term.
After you have completed your FAFSA, confirm mailing address. 2015–2016 Financial Aid Award Notice emails are sent to each student's Adler University email address, however, the Office of Financial Aid may send other material to the student address on record. Please check WebAdvisor to confirm we have the correct address and contact the Registrar to make any necessary changes.
Finally, update your Student Aid Report (SAR). Once you submit your FAFSA, the Department of Education will send you a SAR for review. If you have missing or incorrect information, make changes immediately. Your completed FAFSA will be sent to us, and we will produce an award notice email detailing your Direct Loan and Federal Work Study award. You must complete and return all required forms before we can certify Direct Loans.
Note: Some students' files will be selected for a process called Verification, either by the Department of Education or by the University. If your file is verified, you will be required to submit a signed copy of your federal tax return and additional forms before an award notice email can be produced for you. This step can delay the application process, so we strongly recommend completing the FAFSA early.
Apply for Direct Graduate PLUS Loans
The first step in applying for Direct Graduate PLUS Loans is determining your financial need. If you need assistance, please refer to the cost of attendance worksheet available through Adler Connect in the Office of Financial Aid's forms folder. Moodle also has a Term Budget Calculator which is helpful after the University year has begun to calculate an estimated refund amount and factor in your confirmed work study wages. If you need help calculating your cost of attendance or determining eligibility to take out additional funds for the term, please contact us by email or phone (312.662.4150).
You'll need to complete an electronic master promissory note (MPN). Complete this step online. Once you've logged in, select "Complete MPN for Student Loans" and then "Graduate Plus." You will be required to use your FAFSA PIN to complete the MPN. If you've misplaced your PIN, request a duplicate. Please maintain a copy of your MPN confirmation email for future follow-up.
When you are ready, submit the completed application to the Office of Financial Aid via fax (312.662.4197) or email. The Office of Financial Aid requires both an MPN and completed Application for Additional Financial Aid form before we can begin loan certification. Incorrect or missing information entered on either form can delay the loan certification process. Please check your Adler University email account regularly for communication about your loan application.
If you are expecting a refund check for living expenses, it will be available approximately four to six weeks from the date that you have submitted all required materials. If you do not see a refund check within that time frame, please contact the Student Accounts Manager.
Apply for Alternative (Private) Loans
The first step in applying for Alternative Loans is choosing a lender. Next, determine the application amount. Keep in mind that a refund check cannot exceed the University-determined cost of living, which is $9,750 per term for the 2015-2016 academic year.
You can apply for the loan online through Great Lakes. You can also obtain an Alternative Loan Application form on Moodle. Once you have completed it, return it to the Office of Financial Aid.
The Office of Student Accounts needs four to six weeks to process Alternative Loan applications.
Note: International students and students who are ineligible to receive federal loans must complete Adler University's Institutional Application when they apply for the loan. Students can request this form from the Office of Financial Aid or download a copy from Moodle. International Students must have a cosigner to apply for Alternative Loans. The cosigner must be a US citizen or permanent resident with an established credit history.


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That's 100,000 rides and still counting
Transportation service helps older riders get to doctor's appointments, food stores
A San Diego-based transportation service that helps the elderly make it to medical appointments and get to the grocery store has given its 100,000th ride.
"On the Go: Transportation Solutions of Older Adults" reached its milestone Jan. 11 and held a celebration to commemorate the occasion two days later. Retired police officer Bill Farrar, a volunteer since 2010, gave a ride to Sara "Suzanne" Tell to hit the six-figure mark.
The program was launched in July 2008 by Jewish Family Service and covers several neighborhoods in the city, North County and East County, according to Director of Transportation Brenda Bothel. There are 2,200 people enrolled with the program and more than 250 volunteers who offer rides, she said.
The service is available to anyone older than 60 and has three different components. One component, "Rides & Smiles," provides one-on-one rides to individuals hoping to get to medical and personal appointments, synagogues and a family community center.
The second component, "On the Go Shuttles," is a shuttle service that provides group transportation to and from Jewish Family Service's social and wellness centers, religious events, shopping centers and lunch destinations.
The third component, "On the Go Excursions," is a program in which groups are taken on field trips to cultural and social events throughout San Diego, Bothel said.
"The program is really amazing," Bothel said. "We're absolutely delighted to celebrate this milestone, and it's an honor to work with the community and serve our aging population."


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Website Help
This page is designed to assist our visitors with common questions about navigating and using our websites. If you have a question which is not answered here, please contact us at email@example.com.
Frequently Asked Questions
- I am currently a member of IFFGD. Why do I not have an account? Go»
- How do I remove an item from my shopping cart? Go»
- How can I order a printed item instead of an electronic document? Go»
- When I make a purchase, how will I receive the items I order? Go»
- I purchased a Fact Sheet some time ago, but it hasn't been sent to me. How do I access it? Go»
- I have saved one of the PDF documents to my hard drive, but it won't open. Go»
Website Registration for Existing Members
Registration on IFFGD.org is free. If you are a current member of IFFGD, you simply need to register to activate your online benefits:
- Register on our site using your email address. The "Registration" link is in the upper right-hand corner under the Search Box.
- Contact IFFGD by email (email@example.com) or phone (1-414-964-1799), asking that your membership be linked to your web registration. If you contact us during business hours, it typically takes less than an hour for us to enable your membership. We will email you as soon as membership is enabled.
- When you receive the email from us, log out of the site and then sign back in, and your membership changes should be visible!
Removing items or changing quantity in the shopping cart
- In order to view the contents of your shopping cart, click the "Items in cart" link in the upper left corner of any page (under the search box).
- Each item in your shopping cart will have a quantity listed. Using the mouse cursor, highlight the quantity of the item you wish to change.
- If you wish to change the quantity ordered (for example, if you accidently added the same item twice and only wish to purchase one copy), type a number for the new desired quantity.
- If you wish to remove an item from the cart completely, type '0' (zero) for the new quantity.
- Click the Update Cart button, and in a moment the cart will refresh with the new quantities.
The animation below will help guide you through these steps.
Ordering Hard Copy or Printed Items
All of IFFGD's online publications are also available as hard copies.
If you wish to order a hard copy of one of IFFGD's Fact Sheets or Brochures, found in our Learning Center Library, please do not use the online purchase system. Instead, please contact us by email. Additional charges may apply.
Some hard copy items (such as issues of Digestive Health Matters) can be ordered directly through the website. These are found in the Donate Now - Buy IFFGD Merchandise. Once you place your order, we automatically receive a notice. We are usually able to mail out your order within 1-2 business days. If you do not receive your item within 10 days, please contact us to let us know.
Viewing Your Online Purchases
IFFGD Fact Sheets and Brochures are available for online purchase as downloadable PDFs. These are electronic documents which are viewed on the computer using the free Adobe Reader software.
When you place an order on IFFGD, after checkout you will be directed to a screen like the sample Order Summary below:
To view the item you have purchased, simply click the "Download File" link that appears beneath the "Item Name" title you wish to view.
Accessing Previously Ordered PDF Documents
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- Click the link to the Order you wish to view. See the animation below for help on where to click for steps 2-4.
5. After you click on an Order, each title purchased will be displayed like the sample Order Summary below. Downloadable PDFs will be indicated by the words "Download File" that appears beneath the "Item Name" title of the purchase.
6. Click the "Download File" link to view the PDF. Your browser settings will determine whether you are prompted to save or view it, or whether it opens or saves automatically.
Downloading Adobe Reader to View PDFs
PDF documents can be viewed using the free Adobe Reader software. If you can save a PDF to your computer hard drive, but cannot open it, you may need to download Adobe Reader following these steps:
- Click here to go to the Adobe Download Page.
- Follow the instructions to download and install Adobe Reader.


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Haunted House HD
by DualBoot Games
Download this app if: you want a spooky Halloween wallpaper.
Developer Notes
From the creators of Forest HD, Ocean HD, My Beach, Christmas HD, Season Zen, and Celtic Garden comes a spooky 3D live wallpaper creation for Halloween - or any time you need a little scare.
Creep towards a looming Haunted House on Halloween night. Tiptoe past glowering pumpkins and a mailbox...
Spooks — Sure, it's only a live wallpaper, but it's a good one and perfect for the time of year.


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As if waiting to be cleaned, a pair of old shoes stood Thursday in front of the wooden chair on which Husein Hasani—known as Uncle Misho—usually sat. Citizens laid flowers and lit candles around a portrait of him on the chair. Many passers-by stopped and prayed.
Even during Bosnia's bloody 1992-95 war that killed over 100,000 people, Uncle Misho offered his services on the main street while dodging sniper fire.
Sarajevo Mayor Ivo Komsic said Uncle Misho was a city symbol and his death Monday has left the Bosnian capital "emptier."
The petition got around 5,000 signatures in just one day.


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Our general interest e-newsletter keeps you up to date on a wide variety of health topics.
Subscribe to our Recipes for Healthy Living e-newsletter for healthy and tasty recipes.
With all due respect to my grandmother from whom I inherited a love of food, the other woman who held my attention in the kitchen was Julia Child. When I was probably not even 5 years of age, Julia Child's cooking show followed children's programming on PBS, and I was glued. The first family dinner I cooked as young teen was one of her chicken dishes. I was so proud.
PBS has released a remix of clips of her shows in honor of what would have been her 100th birthday. As I watch her, I can't help but think she was sharing more than just tips for being a great chef. She was talking about a way of life.
Julia Child's stated, "Freshness is essential, it makes all the difference." So very little of our food or meals today consists of fresh foods. Overly processed foods are obviously not "health foods" but it goes beyond that.
It's been theorized that processed foods — quick and high in fat, salt and sugar — are contributing to the obesity epidemic. Some say we eat more and more because we are seeking satisfaction from the food that just isn't there. Unwrapping and eating is an entirely different experience than anticipating a meal that you smell cooking.
Julia Child also said: "I like the smell of something cooking; it makes me feel at home." I remember that's how I felt walking into my grandmother's house every Sunday night for dinner. It warms me to think of it now.
Today's reality is quite different. On any given day, 30-40 percent of adolescents eat fast food. A generation is growing up watching cooking channels but not learning cooking skills in their home or school kitchens.
So it seems quite fitting to close with one last message: "Keep on cooking; this is the way to eat. Keep on cooking; this is the way to live."
It need not be French or gourmet, just get in your kitchen and cook. Try using fresh, whole foods. Invite a friend or include your children. You'll be building a lifetime of skills and memories.
To your health,
Jennifer K. Nelson, R.D., L.D.
Katherine Zeratsky, R.D., L.D.
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Julia Child was not only a fabulous chef, she was a fascinating, brave woman who was always true to herself and her values. Her autobiography about her life in France, which chronicles her discovery of French food and fine cooking, as well as her relationship with her adoring husband, is a great read.
I have a full time job that is demanding plus a family. I have always said, if it comes in a box I will not cook it (invariably, the mac and cheese do make an appearance every three months). What I have noticed is people are very surprised I cook! My son's friends come over to watch or help. They love coming in the door and smelling food cooking. My boyfriends co workers are always making comments about the food and how wonderful it tastes. My comment is this, I am home at six and dinner is on the table at seven at the latest. Everything is cooked or steamed. Shortcuts I use are planning what you want to eat, cutting veggies up the night before and having someone start the oven if I am not there. There is no shortcut to feed a nutritious meal to your family but it is Soo worth it. To all the cooks out there Mangia, Mangia! And to all the people who want to be start slow, one meal a week and grow from there!
I also grew up watching Julia Child, and also "The Galloping Gourmet, Graham Kerr". He was sloshed most of the time.
I am thankful to have grown up with a stay at home mom who cooked, along with my grandmother. Hopefully, the Food Network will impart this wisdom to the current generation.
I am happily the grandmother of five and I love to cook. From very early age my grandchildren have "helped" with cooking and hopefully they will continue to cook for themselves and their families as they go out into the world .
Food is love! Share the love. Gramma x 5
I totally agree with you Katherine! I grew up watching Julia Child in the late '60's with my mom. My mom was a wonderful cook! I majored in Food Science when I was in college. I love to cook! I was surprised on what the odds were of people/children eating at fast food restaurants! My daughter who will be 18 used to eat out all of the time at fast food restaurants until she finally realized that my cooking was better, healthier, and cheaper! Now she eats at home all of the time.
I was in College when Mastering the Art of French Cooking began on PBS. I learned how to cook watching Julia and trying as many of her recipes as possible. I like to also think that I picked up some of her boundless joie de vivre in the process.
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History: Let's Have Fun with Elmo and Friends!
For any version listed below, click on its date to view it. For more help, see Help:Page history.
(cur) = difference from current version, (prev) = difference from preceding version, m = minor edit, → = section edit, ← = automatic edit summary


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Bunny Boy Personalized Melamine Bowl
Celebrate Spring with this Easter themed bowl featuring an adorable boy bunny in blue. Your little one will love filling this bowl with his or her favorite ice cream!Dinnertime will be extra fun for your little one with this collection of melamine dinnerware! With lots of cheerful colors and customization options, these adorable pieces make the perfect gift! Features
SIZE: 20 oz
Category: Gifts, Personalized Kid Plates
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Spontaneous customer support
Do you need to provide daily remote support to customers and offer quick, on-the-spot solutions? You can easily control your customer's computer remotely with TeamViewer, as if you were sitting right in front of it. With the customer module TeamViewer QuickSupport, you can remotely connect within seconds without the customer needing to install any software.


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45 U.S. Code § 361 - Railroad unemployment insurance administration fund
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(a) Maintenance of account; amounts constituting fund
The Secretary of the Treasury shall maintain in the unemployment trust fund established pursuant to section 904 of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1104] an account to be known as the railroad unemployment insurance administration fund. This unemployment insurance administration fund shall consist of
(i) such part of all contributions collected pursuant to section 358 of this title as equals 0.65 per centum of the total compensation on which such contributions are based;
(iv) such additional amounts as Congress may appropriate for expenses necessary or incidental to administering this chapter. Such additional amounts are authorized to be appropriated.
(b) Authorization of appropriations; advance of sums; repayment
In addition to the other moneys herein provided for expenses necessary or incidental to administering this chapter, there is appropriated to the fund such amount as the Secretary of the Treasury and the Board shall jointly estimate to have been collected or to be collectible with respect to the calendar years 1936, 1937, 1938, and 1939, from employers subject to this chapter, under title IX of the Social Security Act, less such amount as the Secretary of the Treasury and the Board shall jointly estimate will be appropriated or has been appropriated to States or Territories pursuant to the Act of Congress approved August 24, 1937 (Public, Numbered 353, Seventy-fifth Congress), as proceeds of taxes paid by employers pursuant to title IX of the Social Security Act.
Until the amount appropriated by this subsection is credited to the fund, the Secretary of the Treasury is directed to advance to the credit of the fund such sums, but not more than $2,000,000, as the Board requests for the purpose of financing the costs of administering this chapter. Such advance shall be repaid from the fund at such time after the amount appropriated by this subsection is credited to the fund as the Board by agreement with the Secretary of the Treasury may determine, but not later than January 1, 1940.
(c) Availability for administrative expenses
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, all moneys at any time credited to the fund are permanently appropriated to the Board to be continuously available to the Board without further appropriation for any expenses necessary or incidental to administering this chapter, including personal services in the District of Columbia and elsewhere; travel expenses, including expenses of attendance at meetings when authorized by the Board; actual transportation expenses and not to exceed $10 per diem to cover subsistence and other expenses while in attendance at and en route to and from the place to which he is invited, to any person other than an employee of the Federal Government who may, from time to time, be invited to the city of Washington or elsewhere for conference or advisory purposes in furthering the work of the Board; when found by the Board to be in the interest of the Government, not exceeding 3 per centum, in any fiscal year, of the amounts credited during such year to the fund, for engaging persons or organizations, by contract or otherwise, for any special technical or professional services, determined necessary by the Board, including but not restricted to accounting, actuarial, statistical, and reporting services, without regard to section 6101 of title 41 and the provisions of other laws applicable to the employment and compensation of officers and employees of the United States; services; advertising, postage, telephone, telegraph, teletype, and other communication services and tolls; supplies; reproducing, photographing, and all other equipment, office appliances, and laborsaving devices, including devices for internal communication and conveyance; purchase and exchange, operation, maintenance and repair of motor-propelled passenger-carrying vehicles to be used only for official purposes in the District of Columbia and in the field; printing and binding; purchase and exchange of law books, books of reference, and directories; periodicals, newspapers and press clippings, in such amounts as the Board deems necessary, without regard to the provisions of section 192 of the Revised Statutes; manuscripts and special reports; membership fees or dues in organizations which issue publications to members only, or to members at a lower price than to others, payment for which may be made in advance; rentals, including garages, in the District of Columbia or elsewhere; alterations and repairs; if found by the Board to be necessary to expedite the certification to the Board by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management of persons eligible to be employed by the Board, and to the extent that the Board finds such expedition necessary, meeting the expenses of the Director of the Office of Personnel Management in holding examinations for testing the fitness of applicants for admission to the classified service for employment by the Board pursuant to the second paragraph of section 362 (l) of this title, but not to exceed the additional expenses found by the Board to have been incurred by reason of the holding of such examinations; and miscellaneous items, including those for public instruction and information deemed necessary by the Board: Provided, That section 6101 of title 41 shall not be construed to apply to any purchase or procurement of supplies or services by the Board from moneys in the fund when the aggregate amount involved does not exceed $300. Determinations of the Board whether the fund or an appropriation for the administration of the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974 [45 U.S.C. 231 et seq.] is properly chargeable with the authorized expenses, or parts thereof, incurred in the administration of such Act, or of this chapter, shall be binding and conclusive for all purposes and upon all persons, including the Comptroller General and any other administrative or accounting officer, employee, or agent of the United States and shall not be subject to review in any manner.
Source(June 25, 1938, ch. 680, § 11,52 Stat. 1105; June 20, 1939, ch. 227, §§ 14, 15,53 Stat. 848; Oct. 10, 1940, ch. 842, § 22,54 Stat. 1099; June 23, 1948, ch. 608, § 8,62 Stat. 578; Pub. L. 85–927, pt. II, § 205,Sept. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 1783; Pub. L. 89–700, title II, § 205,Oct. 30, 1966, 80 Stat. 1087; Pub. L. 93–445, title IV, § 404,Oct. 16, 1974, 88 Stat. 1359; Pub. L. 94–92, title I, § 1(j),Aug. 9, 1975, 89 Stat. 464; Pub. L. 94–273, § 2(22),Apr. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 376; 1978 Reorg. Plan No. 2, § 102, eff. Jan. 1, 1979, 43 F.R. 36037, 92 Stat. 3783; Pub. L. 100–647, title VII, § 7103(b)(2),Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3770.)
References in Text
This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a), (b), and (c), was in the original "this Act", meaning act June 25, 1938, ch. 680, 52 Stat. 1094, which enacted this chapter and amended sections 503 and 1104 and former section 1107 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 367 of this title and Tables.
The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (b), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620, as amended. Title IX of the Social Security Act was formerly classified generally to subchapter IX (§ 1101 et seq.) of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and, except for section 1104 of Title 42, was omitted from the Code pursuant to section 4 of act Feb. 10, 1939, ch. 2, 53 Stat. 1. For further details, see Prior Provisions note preceding section 1101 of Title 42. For complete classification of the Social Security Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.
Act of Congress approved August 24, 1937, referred to in subsec. (b), is act Aug. 24, 1937, ch. 755, 50 Stat. 754, which is not classified to the Code.
Section 192 of the Revised Statutes, referred to in subsec. (c), which related to expenditures for newspapers and which was classified to section 102 of former Title 5, was repealed by act Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, § 17(a),60 Stat. 811.
The Railroad Retirement Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (c), is act Aug. 29, 1935, ch. 812, as amended generally by Pub. L. 93–445, title I, § 101,Oct. 16, 1974, 88 Stat. 1305, which is classified generally to subchapter IV (§ 231 et seq.) of chapter 9 of this title. For further details and complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Codification note set out preceding section 231 of this title, section 231t of this title, and Tables.
In subsec. (c), "section 6101 of title 41" substituted for "section 3709 of the Revised Statutes (U.S.C., title 41, sec. 5)" and for "section 3709 of Revised Statutes (U.S.C., title 41, sec. 5)" on authority of Pub. L. 111–350, § 6(c),Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.
1988—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–647substituted "0.65" for "0.5".
1976—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 94–273substituted "September" for "June".
1975—Subsec. (a)(i). Pub. L. 94–92substituted "0.5" for "0.25".
1974—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–445substituted "Railroad Retirement Act of 1974" and "such Act" for "Railroad Retirement Act of 1937 and the Railroad Retirement Act of 1935" and "such Acts", respectively.
1966—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89–700substituted "0.25 per centum" for "0.2 per centum".
1958—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 85–927substituted provisions directing Secretary of the Treasury to maintain in unemployment trust fund established pursuant to section 1104 of title 42 an account to be known as the railroad unemployment insurance administration fund, for provisions which established railroad unemployment insurance administration fund in Treasury of United States.
1948—Subsec. (a)(i). Act June 23, 1948, changed computation of administration funds.
1940—Subsec. (d). Act Oct. 10, 1940, substituted provisions relating to transfer of balance remaining in fund in excess of $6,000,000, for provisions relating to lapsing of fund, carryovers to surplus or other fund, and transfers from fund.
1939—Subsec. (b). Act June 20, 1939, § 14, substituted ". Such advance shall be repaid from the fund at" for ", including personal services in the District of".
Subsec. (c). Act June 20, 1939, § 15, substituted ", including personal services in the District of" for ". Such advance shall be repaid from the fund at".
Effective Date of 1988 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 100–647applicable with respect to compensation paid in months beginning after Sept. 30, 1988, see section 7103(c) ofPub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 358 of this title.
Effective Date of 1975 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 94–92effective with respect to compensation paid for services rendered after Dec. 31, 1975, see section 2 ofPub. L. 94–92, set out as a note under section 351 of this title.
Effective Date of 1974 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 93–445effective Jan. 1, 1975, see section 603 ofPub. L. 93–445, set out as a note under section 402 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
Effective Date of 1958 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 85–927effective Sept. 6, 1958, except as otherwise indicated, see section 207(c) ofPub. L. 85–927, set out as a note under section 351 of this title.
Effective Date of 1940 Amendment
For effective date of amendment by act Oct. 10, 1940, see section 1 of act Oct. 10, 1940, see note set out under section 351 of this title.
Transfer of Functions
"Director of the Office of Personnel Management" substituted for "Civil Service Commission" in subsec. (c), pursuant to Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1978, § 102,43 F.R. 36037, 92 Stat. 3783, set out under section 1101 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, which transferred functions vested by statute in United States Civil Service Commission to Director of Office of Personnel Management (except as otherwise specified), effective Jan. 1, 1979, as provided by section 1–102 of Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, set out under section 1101 of Title 5.
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


text:
Solar tracking
Revision as of 21:19, July 31, 2012 by 22.214.171.124 (Talk)
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Deutsch, Español, Français, Hausa, Igbo, Indonesian, Italiano, Kiswahili, Kreyòl, Malagasy, Melayu, Português, Русский, Soomaaliga, Tagalog, Việt, Türkçe, Yorùbá, Ελληνικά, தமிழ், नेपाली, 中文, اردو, 한국어, 日本語, العربية, فارسی, עִברִית, हिन्दी, ไทย, বাংলা, తెలుగు, ગુજરાતી, ລາວ, ਪੰਜਾਬੀ, සිංහල, پښتو
Solar box cookers and solar panel cookers normally do not need to be turned to follow the sun unless you are cooking beans or an especially large amount of food. If tracking the sun is necessary, some of the ideas below might serve this purpose.
350px|none|See Tracking Solar Accumulating Barbecue.
Programable tracking systems
Still in its infancy, programable tracking systems are being developed with software to not only rotate the reflector to maintain maximum exposure to the sun, but to also control cooking time and desired temperatures. thumb|400px|left
|December 2010: Programable system tracks the sun, and turns the reflector away when cooking is completed.
Audio and video
|March 2011: Box cooker rotated by PV panels sending power to 12 volt motor. As one PV panel begins to receive less light, it sends less power to the servo, which operates the motor until both panels are a sending balanced power stream.
|April 2010: UC Berkeley student tracking system demonstration
|March 2010: Tracking Solar Accumulating Barbecue - Brian White
|May 2008: Clock based dripper tracker demo
|June 2006: Dripper tracker for parabolic solar accumulator
See also
- Scheffler Community Kitchen
- Sun Switch
- Tracking Solar Accumulating Barbecue
- Tanoor
- Brian White
- Super Solar Tracker for Solar Ovens
- Solar calculations
External links
- Solar cooker research in Jordan
- Solar Tracking With A Box-Style Cooker - Jim Thomasson
- Readymade Solar Oven Trackers available for purchase at: www.solaroventrackers.com
- Solar Oven Trackers - Small Power Systems
- French: Pisteurs pour four solaire
- Appropedia heliostats article
- LightManufacturing Systems heliostats (commercial) and Solar Manufacturing systems


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Hi everyone - looking for a decent forum to discuss Buddhism - I'm living in a Theravada temple at the moment as a lay-person - going to become a monk in the Thai tradition - not a forest monk though, not yet at least. Got loads of questions, hopefully a few answers to share too.
Metta to you all


text: Richard Buckner is an American singer-songwriter born in California. After living in Edmonton, Alberta for a number of years, he currently resides in Brooklyn, NY. A critically acclaimed artist hailed by Bon Iver as a big influence and most often associated with the alternative country movement, Buckner had in recent albums eschewed his initial acoustic approach and displayed an increasing interest in more abstract music styles until reintegrating his acoustic approach on 2011's "Our Blood". Buckner's career began with Bloomed (1994), a lyrically-dense suite of songs recorded in Lubbock, Texas (produced by Lloyd Maines) and heavily influenced by that state's tradition of whiskey-soaked poet/troubadors, probably best embodied by Townes Van Zandt. (Since 1999, the album has been kept in print (with additional bonus tracks) by Rykodisc offshoot Slow River Records at Buckner's request, the artwork on the back cover was edited to remove his then-girlfriend from the picture.) In January 1996, while living in San Francisco, he recorded an album's worth of acoustic songs, all of which would reappear in more fully realized forms on his second and third albums. This CD was self-produced and self-released, and was sold exclusively at his early shows.


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History: Category:Users with a Narutopedia Ninja Rank of Genin
For any version listed below, click on its date to view it. For more help, see Help:Page history.
(cur) = difference from current version, (prev) = difference from preceding version, m = minor edit, → = section edit, ← = automatic edit summary


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38 U.S. Code § 510 - Authority to reorganize offices
prev | next
(a) Except to the extent inconsistent with law, the Secretary may—
(1) consolidate, eliminate, abolish, or redistribute the functions of the Administrations, offices, facilities, or activities in the Department;
(b) The Secretary may not in any fiscal year implement an administrative reorganization described in subsection (c) unless the Secretary first submits to the appropriate committees of the Congress a report containing a detailed plan and justification for the administrative reorganization. No action to carry out such reorganization may be taken after the submission of such report until the end of a 45-day period following the date of the submission of the report, not less than 30 days of which shall be days during which Congress shall have been in continuous session. For purposes of the preceding sentence, continuity of a session of Congress is broken only by adjournment sine die, and there shall be excluded from the computation of any period of continuity of session any day during which either House of Congress is not in session during an adjournment of more than three days to a day certain.
(c) An administrative reorganization described in this subsection is an administrative reorganization of a covered field office or facility that involves a reduction during any fiscal year in the number of full-time equivalent employees with permanent duty stations at such office or facility—
(1) Not less than 30 days before the date on which the implementation of any administrative reorganization described in paragraph (2) of a unit in the Central Office is to begin, the Secretary shall transmit to the Committees on Veterans' Affairs of the Senate and the House of Representatives a notification regarding the reorganization.
(2) Paragraph (1) applies to an administrative reorganization of any unit of the Central Office that is the duty station for 30 or more employees if the reorganization involves a reduction in any fiscal year in the number of full-time equivalent employees with permanent duty station in such unit by 50 percent or more.
(e) For purposes of this section, the term "administrative reorganization" does not include a consolidation or redistribution of functions at a covered field office or facility, or between components of the Veterans Benefits Administration and the Veterans Health Administration at a Department medical and regional office center, if after the consolidation or redistribution the same number of full-time equivalent employees continues to perform the affected functions at that field office, facility, or center.
(f) For purposes of this section:
(1) The term "covered field office or facility" means a Department office or facility outside the Central Office that is the permanent duty station for 25 or more employees or that is a free-standing outpatient clinic.
(2) The term "detailed plan and justification" means, with respect to an administrative reorganization, a written report that, at a minimum, includes the following:
(A) Specification of the number of employees by which each covered office or facility affected is to be reduced, the responsibilities of those employees, and the means by which the reduction is to be accomplished.
(B) Identification of any existing or planned office or facility at which the number of employees is to be increased and specification of the number and responsibilities of the additional employees at each such office or facility.
(C) A description of the changes in the functions carried out at any existing office or facility and the functions to be assigned to an office or facility not in existence on the date that the plan and justification are submitted pursuant to subsection (b).
(D) An explanation of the reasons for the determination that the reorganization is appropriate and advisable in terms of the statutory missions and long-term goals of the Department.
(E) A description of the effects that the reorganization may have on the provision of benefits and services to veterans and dependents of veterans (including the provision of benefits and services through offices and facilities of the Department not directly affected by the reorganization).
Source(Added Pub. L. 102–83, § 2(a),Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 387; amended Pub. L. 104–262, title III, § 304,Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3194.)
Prior Provisions
Prior section 510,Pub. L. 85–857, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1135, provided monthly pension for persons who served in military or naval forces of Confederate States of America, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 94–169, title I, § 101(2)(F),Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 1014, effective Jan. 1, 1976.
Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 210(b)(1), (2) of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 102–83, § 2(a).
1996—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–262substituted "a 45-day period following the date of the submission of the report, not less than 30 days of which shall be days during which Congress shall have been in continuous session" for "a 90-day period of continuous session of Congress following the date of the submission of the report" in second sentence and "any period of continuity of session" for "such 90-day period" in third sentence.
Authority of Secretary of Veterans Affairs To Carry Out Specified Administrative Reorganization
Pub. L. 102–54, § 12,June 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 273, provided that:
"(a) Authority for Administrative Reorganization.—The Secretary of Veterans Affairs may carry out the administrative reorganization described in subsection (b) without regard to section 210(b)(2) of title 38 [38 U.S.C. 510 (b)–(f)], United States Code.
"(b) Specified Reorganization.—Subsection (a) applies to the organizational realignment of management responsibility for the Department of Veterans Affairs Data Processing Centers, together with the corresponding organizational realignment of associated Information Resources Management operational components and functions within the Department of Veterans Affairs central office, as such realignment was described in the detailed plan and justification submitted by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs in [sic] January 4, 1991, letters to the Chairmen of the Committees on Veterans' Affairs of the Senate and the House of Representatives."
Inapplicability of Restrictions
Pub. L. 101–312, June 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 271, provided: "That (a) the Secretary of Veterans Affairs may proceed with the administrative reorganization described in subsection (b) of this Act without regard to section 210(b) [see 303, 510, 711] of title 38, United States Code.
"(b) The administrative reorganization referred to in subsection (a) is the reorganization of the regional field offices of the Veterans Health Services and Research Administration of the Department of Veterans Affairs as that reorganization and related activity are described in (1) letters dated January 22, 1990, and the detailed plan and justification enclosed therewith, submitted by the Secretary to the Committees on Veterans' Affairs of the Senate and the House of Representatives pursuant to such section 210(b) [see 303, 510, 711], and (2) letters dated April 17, 1990, submitted in supplementation thereof by the Secretary to such Committees."
Section 15(b) ofPub. L. 100–527provided that: "Section 210(b) [see 303, 510, 711] of title 38, United States Code (as amended by subsection (a)), shall not apply to a reorganization of a unit of the Central Office of the Department of Veterans' Affairs if the reorganization—
"(1) is necessary in order to carry out the provisions of or amendments made by this Act [see Tables for classification]; and
"(2) is initiated within 6 months after the effective date of this Act [Mar. 15, 1989]."
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


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If you are looking for a hotel that is elegant, the Residence Inn fits that description. Maybe you desire an unforgettable experience so you're looking for elaborate instead of ordinary. When you take that special vacation or go on an extended business trip, you want accommodations that make you feel at home yet offer those extras that make the trip special. Look no further because you have found the perfect hotel to give you the unique luxury you are seeking. Marriott is an elite branch of hotels with almost 3,000 locations worldwide. They are located in 68 countries with nine associated hotel brands. Residence Inn is owned by the corporation known as Marriott International, Inc. Its interesting history can be traced back to a root beer stand in Washington DC operated by J. Willard and Alice S. Marriott back in 1927. Their humble roots have carried this hotel chain around the world in some of the most beautiful places. Each one of their hotels maintains that appeal and luxury that has attracted many thousands of visitors like you and me.
Residence Inn has hotels in key tourist locations in America. Popular attractions like Reno bring tourists to the region year round. If your itinerary includes a stay in Reno, Residence Inn By Mariott has the perfect accommodations for your stay. Located twenty minutes from Lake Tahoe, you can enjoy recreation on the water while being close enough to enjoy dining close to your hotel room. There are plenty of restaurants for your dining pleasure near the hotel and an abundance of night life. Flights can be booked directly into Reno where you can rent a car to see all the tourist attractions in the area. The hotel staff will also drive you to and from the airport.
Amenities at this resort hotel in Reno include all suite rooms with kitchenette. The extras include a gym and health club, swimming pool, spa, and laundry /dry cleaning service. You will receive free in room broadband internet access while you enjoy the fireplace located in most of the suites. If you want to enjoy more than casinos, Reno offers attractions for the outdoor enthusiast ranging from boating to golf. The art enthusiast will be able to visit museums or attend a summer art festival. Check the local calendar for more information.
If you are looking for the music scene then Residence Inn by Marriott Nashville will meet you in Tennessee with the same luxury, conveniences and comfort that you expect from this elite hotel. Enjoy being in the heart of Nashville where the country music hall of famers offer some of the best tourist attractions in the industry. Your hotel is located in the heart of Nashville for easy navigation to the best sites. The Grand Ole Opry is a must see while you're here. Enjoy all the same great amenities offered in Reno with the country style entertainment this city offers.
Another great place to visit where you will find the traditional Residence Inn by Marriott Orlando in Orlando, Florida. A welcome change from the desert terrain of Reno or the eastern mountain ranges of Tennessee, Orlando opens its door to fun in the sun and in the water with beaches and restaurants for all your sun and dining enjoyment. When you've soaked up enough sun, consider visiting the famous Apollo/Saturn V Center located at the Kennedy Space Center in Titusville. Dine at the Arabian Knights Restaurant or buy gifts for family and friends at Art Angels.
If you are looking to travel internationally, you will find the familiar Residence Inn in many countries, such as Australia, China, Japan, South Korea, France, Germany, Ireland, Brazil, the UK and Latin America. You will still find the familiar luxurious rooms and suites. If you are planning an exotic trip, you might book a hotel in the Caribbean. Maybe you're looking for adventure in an ancient land so tour Egypt and stay at the unique hotel Cairo Egypt Marriott Hotel Casino. Enjoy modern luxury then take a tour to the pyramids, some of the most ancient ruins in the world. Or take your lover to Italy and stay at the Marriott Grand Hotel Flora Rome in Rome. The many exotic locations are what make staying at the Marriott hotels so memorable!
Residence Inn by Marriott owns some extended stay hotels for business persons, government representatives or military personnel who need this service. You'll get reduced rates for longer stays so you can relax and enjoy your time working out, sleeping, or touring the sights. Plans for group bookings are available and you will receive $50 off on your next weekend stay. These are great incentives for the frequent traveler that will keep you coming back to Residence Inn by Marriott time and again for their preferred service.
Mariott Residence Inn offers benefits such as AAA and senior discounts. Their rewards program will save you even more money. Get one of their Marriott Rewards Visa signature cards to use for 20,000 sign up bonus points and earn free nights stay right away. You can handle your rewards account online to track bonus points and search for benefits such as airline points or free nights stay at other Marriott hotels. Participating airlines for their rewards program include Aero Mexico, Air Canada, Air France, Air Alaska, American Airlines and Delta, to name a few. Marriott's Rewards program has zero blackout dates and offers points for cruises, too. Ask them about their double night's promotion which gives more earnings for two nights stay. If you book an event or meeting, you receive big rewards points. Now aren't these some great incentives?
If you don't see the familiar Marriott Residence Inn then look for other hotel brands owned by the same corporation for comparable quality and service. Names you might recognize are Renaissance Hotels & Resorts, Courtyard by Marriott, Springhill Suites or the Ritz Carlton. No matter which destination you have in mind, the hotel will make the trip one to remember.


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Enter code ANTIQUE at checkout for 30% Off orders over $10
Offer ends Sunday 05/01/2016 at 12:00am PDT. Promotional discounts are only valid at the time of purchase, must be applied at checkout, and cannot be combined with any other offers. Promotions are not valid for wholesale orders. Discounts apply to merchandise only and do not apply to shipping, fees, taxes or other non-merchandise charges. No minimums applies to merchandise total; individual products may still require minimum unit purchase.
Questions? Call Us
- Domestic:
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Just Arrived: Chalkboard Pennants, Sequin Tablecloths, Lace & Burlap
Wholesale Ostrich Feathers (Bulk)
1 lb., Approx. 80 - 90 Plumes
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About Wholesale Ostrich Feathers (Bulk)
Please read the "Ostrich Feather Education Sheet" to learn about the difference between Ostrich Feathers, Ostrich Plumes (larger, fuller) & Ostrich Drabs (smaller). Koyal Wholesale carries only 1st Quality Ostrich Plumes & Drabs. These are the best quality ostrich feathers on the market. Beware of companies passing off Ostrich Drabs for Ostrich Plumes, or those companies simply trying to pass off inferior quality plumes. To create this centerpiece, use 1st Quality White Ostrich Plumes by Koyal Wholesale.
To make the Ostrich Feather Centerpieces for Weddings and other events you will need the ostrich feathers (approximately 15 feathers per centerpiece) PLUS:


text:
JE103: Hi Ho Silver... Away!
Revision as of 23:57, December 30, 2013 by Lucasmoura (Talk | contribs)
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Ash and co. arrive at Silver Rock Isle, the last of the Whirl Islands. They notice a lot of things decorated with Silver Wings. They meet a woman by the name of Ariene, who stops a scammer from selling fake Silver Wings. They also meet her friend, who is exhausted from making a new Silver Wing pin for her birthday. Will she accept the gift, and who is that familiar looking Pikachu?
- This episode is also part 10 of the 13 part Whirl Islands arc.
- The dub title uses the Lone Ranger's catchphrase.
- The man who tried to sell Ash and co. fake Silver WIngs was voiced by Jimmy Zoppi.
- The first Silver Wing appeared after a whirlwind, fell from the sky and was wing shaped, yet for some reason the sailors in the story attributed it to having come from the sea.
| This article has an incomplete plot or synopsis.
Reason: N/A
Please help the Pokémon Wiki by expanding it.
|This article is an anime stub.
Please help the Pokémon Wiki by expanding it.


text:
GPS Navigation & Maps
Travel & Local
by skobbler GmbH
Developer Notes
No marketing gloss now, just facts.
Two full-fledged apps in one:
Navigation with voice prompts (turn-by-turn)
Worldwide Travel Map (OSM).
skobbler NGx cutting-edge map technology.
Your choice for maps and navigation: online or offline.
Entire countries also utilizable without internet...


text:
Mitral Valve Regurgitation
What is mitral valve regurgitation?
Mitral valve regurgitation means that one of the valves in your heart—the mitral valve—is letting blood leak backward into the heart.
Heart valves work like one-way gates, helping blood flow in one direction between heart chambers or in and out of the heart. The mitral valve is on the left side of your heart. It lets blood flow from the upper to the lower heart chamber.
See a picture of mitral valve regurgitation.
When the mitral valve is damaged—for example, by an infection—it may no longer close tightly. This lets blood leak backward, or regurgitate, into the upper chamber. Your heart has to work harder to pump this extra blood.
Small leaks are usually not a problem. But more severe cases weaken the heart over time and can lead to heart failure.
What causes mitral valve regurgitation?
There are two forms of mitral valve regurgitation: chronic and acute.
- Chronic mitral valve regurgitation, the most common type, develops slowly. Many people with this problem may have a valve that is prone to wear and tear. As the person gets older, the valve gets weak and no longer closes tightly. Other causes include heart failure, rheumatic fever, congenital heart disease, a calcium buildup in the valve, and other heart problems.
- Acute mitral valve regurgitation develops quickly and can be life-threatening. It happens when the valve or nearby tissue ruptures suddenly. Instead of a slow leak, blood builds up quickly in the left side of the heart. Your heart doesn't have time to adjust to this sudden buildup of blood the way it does with the slow buildup of blood in chronic regurgitation. Common causes of acute regurgitation are heart attack and a heart infection called endocarditis.
What are the symptoms?
If you have mild to moderate chronic mitral valve regurgitation, you may never have symptoms. If you have moderate to severe disease, you may not have symptoms for decades.
If your heart weakens because of your mitral valve, you may start to have symptoms of heart failure. Call your doctor if you have any of these symptoms:
- Shortness of breath with activity, which later develops into shortness of breath at rest and at night.
- Extreme tiredness and weakness.
- A buildup of fluid in the legs and feet, called edema.
Acute mitral valve regurgitation is an emergency. Symptoms come on rapidly. Symptoms include severe shortness of breath, fast heart rate, lightheadedness, weakness, confusion, and chest pain.
How is mitral valve regurgitation diagnosed?
Because you may not have symptoms, a specific type of heart murmur may be the first sign your doctor notices. Further tests will be needed to check your heart. Tests may include:
- Echocardiograms , which use ultrasound to see how serious the valve problem is.
- An electrocardiogram (EKG, ECG) to look for abnormal heart rhythms.
- A chest X-ray to check heart size.
- Cardiac catheterization to see how serious the problem is and to look for coronary artery disease.
Finding out that something is wrong with your heart is scary. You may feel depressed and worried. This is a common reaction. Sometimes it helps to talk to others who have similar problems. Ask your doctor about support groups in your area.
How is it treated?
Treatment for chronic cases includes regularly checking your heart to make sure it is working properly. You may take medicines to relieve symptoms or to prevent or treat complications. Medicines include:
- Vasodilators, such as ACE inhibitors, if you have high blood pressure.
- Diuretics to treat symptoms of heart failure.
- Anticoagulants to prevent dangerous blood clots.
You may need surgery to repair or replace your mitral valve if you get symptoms of heart failure, if the size of your left ventricle (your heart's main pumping chamber) increases, or if your heart weakens.
If you have chronic mitral valve regurgitation, your doctor may want you to make some lifestyle changes to ease the load on your heart.
- You may need to be careful about physical activity. Talk to your doctor before starting an exercise program.
- You may need to cut down on salt in your diet.
Treatment for acute mitral valve regurgitation occurs while you are in the hospital or the emergency room. You need surgery right away to repair or replace the valve.
Health Tools
Health Tools help you make wise health decisions or take action to improve your health.
|Decision Points focus on key medical care decisions that are important to many health problems.
|Heart Valve Problems: Should I Choose a Mechanical Valve or Tissue Valve to Replace My Heart Valve?
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|Warfarin: Taking Your Medicine Safely
Frequently Asked Questions
Learning about mitral valve regurgitation:
Being diagnosed:
Getting treatment:
Ongoing concerns:
Living with mitral valve regurgitation:
There are two forms of mitral valve regurgitation (MR): chronic and acute. Chronic mitral valve regurgitation develops slowly over several years. Acute MR develops suddenly.
Chronic mitral valve regurgitation
Chronic mitral valve regurgitation is caused by diseases or conditions that damage the mitral valve over time. The valve then allows blood to leak backward (regurgitate).
The mitral valve may become hard, or calcified, around the tough ring of tissue (annulus) to which the mitral valve flaps are attached. Normally the mitral annulus is soft and flexible. But as a person ages, calcium may build up inside the annulus. This hardened mitral valve cannot close completely, and blood leaks backward (regurgitates) into the upper left chamber of the heart (atrium).
Examples of diseases or conditions that can cause mitral valve regurgitation include:
- Mitral valve prolapse .
- Heart defects or abnormalities present at birth (congenital heart defects).
- Endocarditis , which is an infection of the lining of the heart and heart valves. This infection can scar the mitral valve.
- Injury to the heart or the chordae tendineae, which are strong, flexible cords that control the opening and closing of the mitral valve.
- Dilation of the left ventricle, or heart failure. This can be caused by years of high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, or heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy).
- Autoimmune diseases that can damage the mitral valves, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.
- Marfan's syndrome , which is a connective tissue disease.
- Severe kidney disease.
- Rheumatic fever , which can scar the heart valves and prevent them from closing completely.
- Previous use of the weight-loss medicine fen-phen (phentermine and fenfluramine/dexfenfluramine), which appears to increase the risk of heart valve disease.
Acute mitral valve regurgitation
Acute mitral valve regurgitation occurs when the mitral valve or one of its supporting structures ruptures suddenly, creating an immediate overload of blood volume and pressure in the left side of the heart. Your heart doesn't have time to adjust to the increased volume and pressure of blood (as it does in chronic MR).
Causes of sudden rupture include:
- Injury to the chordae tendineae. Endocarditis may also cause the chordae tendineae to rupture.
- Injury to the chest.
- Heart attack, which may cause the rupture of the muscle (papillary) surrounding the valve.
- Problems with a prosthetic mitral valve.
- Perforation of the mitral valve flap (leaflet), caused by endocarditis.
Symptoms of chronic mitral valve regurgitation (MR) may take decades to appear. With acute MR, symptoms come on suddenly, and you are critically ill.
Chronic mitral valve regurgitation
If you have mild-to-moderate chronic mitral valve regurgitation, you may never develop symptoms. If you have moderate-to-severe disease, you may not have symptoms for decades. Depending on the severity of your mitral valve regurgitation and condition of your heart, you may not develop symptoms of heart failure for many years.
Symptoms appear as the left ventricle expands to accommodate the larger amount of blood (volume overload) flowing into the chamber. The larger the left ventricle, the more advanced the MR. Symptoms include:
- Shortness of breath with exertion, which may later develop into shortness of breath at rest and at night.
- Fatigue and weakness.
- Fluid buildup in the legs and feet.
- Heart palpitations , if atrial fibrillation develops.
Acute mitral valve regurgitation
Acute mitral valve regurgitation is an emergency. Symptoms of acute mitral valve regurgitation appear suddenly. Most people who develop acute MR are already in the hospital or emergency room because of another heart problem. Symptoms include severe shortness of breath, fast heart rate, lightheadedness, weakness, confusion, and chest pain.
What Increases Your Risk
Risk factors for mitral valve regurgitation (MR) include:
- Age. Wear and tear of the mitral valve occurs over time. This increases the likelihood of blood leaking back into the atrium.
- Having mitral valve prolapse.
- Having had rheumatic fever, because it can cause scarring on the valve. This can result in incomplete closure.
- Coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD may cause ischemia (reduced blood flow) or infarction (heart attack), which affects the valve's structure. This can lead to incomplete closure.
- Less commonly, diabetes and Marfan's syndrome, because they may lead to hardening of the valve.
When to Call a Doctor
Call 911 or other emergency services immediately if you or a person you are with has:
- Symptoms of a heart attack , including chest pain or pressure.
- Symptoms of stroke .
- Loss of consciousness (syncope).
- Symptoms of acute mitral valve regurgitation including severe shortness of breath, fast heart rate, lightheadedness, weakness, confusion, and chest pain.
Call a doctor immediately if you have:
- Symptoms of heart failure, such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the legs and feet.
- Mitral valve regurgitation (MR) and are having symptoms of infection such as fever with no other obvious cause. Be alert for signs of infection if you have recently have had any dental, diagnostic, or surgical procedure.
- Irregular heartbeats.
- Fainting episodes.
- Palpitations .
- Shortness of breath.
- Coughing up blood.
- A decreased ability to exercise at your usual level.
- Excessive fatigue (without other explanation).
Watchful waiting
Watchful waiting is a wait-and-see approach. If you do not have symptoms of MR, your doctor will still want to see you every 6 to 12 months or as soon as you have symptoms for the first time. If your doctor has talked with you about what to do if you have symptoms, follow your doctor's instructions. Contact your doctor if your symptoms get worse.
Who to see
Health professionals who can evaluate symptoms that may be related to mitral valve regurgitation include:
They frequently can also order the tests needed for further evaluation of symptoms.
Exams and Tests
Chronic mitral valve regurgitation (MR) can be difficult to diagnose. It is a "quiet" condition and often has no symptoms, or your symptoms may be confused with other heart-related conditions.
Chronic MR is often diagnosed during a routine checkup or a visit to the doctor for another condition. A heart murmur may be the first sign leading your doctor to the diagnosis, especially if you have no other symptoms.
Acute MR causes sudden symptoms and is much less common than chronic mitral valve regurgitation. It is usually diagnosed while you are already hospitalized or in the emergency room.
When your doctor suspects you have MR, he or she will discuss your medical history, do a physical exam, and likely order tests to check your heart. Your doctor uses the information to find out how severe your MR is. For more information, see Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Severity.
Medical history and physical exam
To find out the severity of your MR, your doctor will ask you to describe the symptoms you are experiencing, such as shortness of breath, fatigue, or chest pain.
During the physical exam, the doctor will take your blood pressure, check your pulse, listen to your heart and lungs, look at the veins in your neck (jugular veins), and check your legs and feet for fluid buildup (edema).
Echocardiogram (sometimes called an echo or echocardiography) is a type of ultrasound exam. It helps your doctor find out how severe your MR is. Also, echocardiography can help determine whether the heart's main pumping chamber (left ventricle) is functioning properly, whether any structural problems exist that may affect the mitral valve, and whether the chambers of the heart are enlarged.
An electrocardiogram (EKG, ECG) is a test that measures the electrical signals that control the rhythm of your heartbeat.
Although the EKG may reveal abnormal electrical activity in the heart, further testing is often still needed to find out the severity of MR and to confirm whether MR is causing enlargement of the left ventricle. The result of an EKG is often normal in people who have mild MR.
Chest X-ray
A chest X-ray may be done to evaluate heart size and to assess symptoms of MR, such as shortness of breath. Calcium deposits on the heart valves may sometimes be seen on a chest X-ray.
Cardiac catheterization
Cardiac catheterization, a test that evaluates your heart and heart (coronary) arteries, may be done to:
- Confirm the severity of mitral valve leakage seen on an echocardiogram.
- Check for coronary artery disease before valve repair or replacement surgery. If severe blockage is seen in the coronary arteries, the blockage may be corrected during the same open-heart surgery to correct the damaged valve.
Regular checkups
How often you see your doctor and what tests are done will be determined by how severe your chronic mitral valve regurgitation is.
Severity of mitral regurgitation
Suggestions for monitoring and tracking
Treatment Overview
Treatment for chronic mitral valve regurgitation (MR) includes monitoring your heart function and symptoms, as well as treating symptoms as they develop. If MR becomes severe, the mitral valve will need to be repaired or replaced.
Treatment for acute MR is immediate. Medicines and urgent surgery are usually needed.
Chronic regurgitation
Treatment depends on whether you have symptoms or complications, and how severe the regurgitation is.
Monitoring. If you don't have symptoms and you only have mild-to-moderate regurgitation, your doctor may only monitor your heart and valve function with an echocardiogram.
The echocardiogram uses painless ultrasound waves to check how well your heart is pumping blood (ejection fraction) and to measure the size of your left ventricle. The smaller the ejection fraction, the harder your heart must work to pump a sufficient volume of blood.
Medicine. Your doctor may prescribe medicines to relieve symptoms or treat complications. For more information, see Medications.
Surgery. Valve repair or replacement surgery might be recommended if:1
- You have symptoms.
- Regurgitation is severe.
- Your heart has pumping problems (low ejection fraction).
- Your left ventricle is larger than normal.
For more information, see Surgery.
Acute regurgitation
Initial treatment for acute MR includes medicines as needed to stabilize your condition. If medicines don't help, an intra-aortic balloon pump may be used for a short time to help circulate blood and ease the workload on your heart. Surgery is done immediately to replace or repair the valve.
Ongoing Concerns
Chronic mitral valve regurgitation (MR) develops slowly. And most people go years without having any symptoms. Before symptoms start, your condition may not be serious and you generally feel good. But even during this time, MR is doing irreversible damage to your heart. Because of this ongoing damage, your doctor may suggest surgery before you start having symptoms. Although it may be difficult to think about surgery when you feel well, not having surgery could lead to heart failure.
You will begin to have symptoms of chronic MR when your heart begins to weaken. A variety of medicines are available to treat your symptoms as MR progresses and to prevent complications.
People with mitral valve regurgitation sometimes develop serious complications including:
Living With Mitral Valve Regurgitation
Watch for symptoms. After you are diagnosed with mitral valve regurgitation (MR), it is important to watch for symptoms of heart failure. These symptoms show that your heart is weakening and MR is getting worse. Symptoms of heart failure include shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in your feet and ankles. If new symptoms develop or if your symptoms become worse, call your doctor.
Be active. You may need to be cautious about physical activity if you have symptoms, irregular heart rhythms, or changes in your heart size or function. But regular activity, even low-level activity such as walking, will help keep your heart healthy. If you want to start being more active, talk to your doctor first. Your doctor will help you create a safe exercise plan. For more information, see Mitral Valve Regurgitation and Exercise.
Limit sodium. Your doctor may advise you to limit sodium in your diet. If you consume too much salt, it will cause your body to retain excess fluid. Most of the sodium in our diets comes from processed foods, not the salt shaker. Foods to avoid include potato chips, pretzels, salted nuts, processed meats and cheeses, pizza, canned soups, canned vegetables, olives, fast foods, and frozen dinners (unless the label clearly states the product is low-sodium).
When you are grocery shopping, check labels carefully for sodium content. Your doctor may advise you to limit salt to less than 2,300 mg a day. Add more fresh fruit and vegetables to your diet to replace foods high in sodium. Read labels carefully to identify sources of hidden sodium in your diet.
Prevent endocarditis. Take good care of your teeth, and see your dentist regularly. If you have an artificial valve, you may need to take antibiotics before you have certain dental or surgical procedures. The antibiotics help prevent an infection in your heart called endocarditis.
Medicines do not prevent or correct the damage to the heart caused by mitral valve regurgitation (MR). In chronic regurgitation, they might be used in some people to reduce the severity of regurgitation. Or they might be used to treat complications of mitral regurgitation. In acute regurgitation, medicine is used as emergency treatment before surgery.
Chronic regurgitation
In chronic MR, you probably won't need medicines unless you have symptoms.
People with chronic and severe MR who also have an enlarged, abnormally functioning left ventricle may not benefit from mitral valve surgery and are often treated with medicines to try to relieve their symptoms. Depending on the severity of their MR, some older people may also be treated with medicines because they may not be good candidates for surgery. That's because they are at greater risk for developing complications during or following surgery.
Vasodilators. You might take these medicines if you have symptoms or high blood pressure or if your heart is not pumping blood as well as normal.
Antibiotics. If you have an artificial valve, you may need to take antibiotics before you have certain dental or surgical procedures. The antibiotics help prevent an infection in your heart called endocarditis. You will likely take antibiotics after surgery to repair or replace a valve. If you have had rheumatic fever, you may take antibiotics to avoid getting it again.
Medicine after surgery. If you have surgery for mitral regurgitation, you will likely take a blood thinner. Blood thinners prevent blood clots. Blood thinners include antiplatelet medicine, such as aspirin, or anticoagulant medicine, such as warfarin. You may need to take this medicine for the rest of your life.
Acute regurgitation
In acute MR, medicines are used in the hospital to stabilize your condition until you can have surgery to replace or repair the valve. Vasodilators such as nitroprusside help reduce the amount of blood flowing back into the left atrium. Diuretics help reduce workload on the heart.
Medicines are used to prevent or treat complications of mitral regurgitation such as atrial fibrillation or heart failure. For more information, see the topics:
If your chronicmitral valve regurgitation (MR) becomes severe or you have symptoms of heart failure, such as shortness of breath, swelling, and fatigue, surgery to repair or replace your mitral valve will be needed.
Surgery is usually delayed if no symptoms or signs of heart failure are present. Your doctor will check for symptoms and check your heart during your regular visits. If follow-up tests show enlargement or abnormal function of the left ventricle, then the doctor usually recommends surgery.
Some doctors believe it's best to repair or replace the valve before you develop severe symptoms, because it leads to better long-term health. On the other hand, surgery is a major procedure that has its own risks and complications. Even if you have no symptoms, talk to your doctor about the benefits of surgery and about your heart's condition, your age, and your overall health.
With acute MR, urgent surgery to repair or replace the valve is usually needed. In some cases, surgery to correct the cause of acute MR may also be needed.
Repair is typically preferred over replacement. The decision between repairing or replacing the valve depends on the type of damage you have. For more information, see the topic Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Repair or Replace the Valve.
If mitral valve repair is done before the heart is severely damaged by the faulty valve, most people have excellent short- and long-term results.1
To repair the valve, the surgeon may:
- Reshape the valve by removing excess valve tissue.
- Add support to the valve ring by adding tissue or a collar-shaped structure around the base of the valve.
- Attach the valve to nearby cordlike heart tissues (chordal transposition).
With replacement, the badly damaged valve is removed and a mechanical (plastic or metal) or bioprosthetic valve (usually made from pig tissue) is sewn into place. Before you have valve replacement surgery, you and your doctor will decide on which type of valve is right for you.
For more information, see:
Other Places To Get Help
|Society of Thoracic Surgeons
|633 North Saint Claire Street
|Floor 23
|Chicago, IL 60611
|(312) 202-5800
|(312) 202-5801
|Web Address:
The Society of Thoracic Surgeons provides patient information on surgeries of the chest and throat that are done by cardiothoracic surgeons. These surgeries include heart, lung, and throat surgery. The patient information section of the website describes diseases, surgeries, patient options, and what to expect after surgery. And using the website, you can search for surgeons in your area.
|American Heart Association (AHA)
|7272 Greenville Avenue
|Dallas, TX 75231
|Web Address:
Visit the American Heart Association (AHA) website for information on physical activity, diet, and various heart-related conditions. You can search for information on heart disease and stroke, share information with friends and family, and use tools to help you make heart-healthy goals and plans. Contact the AHA to find your nearest local or state AHA group. The AHA provides brochures and information about support groups and community programs, including Mended Hearts, a nationwide organization whose members visit people with heart problems and provide information and support.
|National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
|P.O. Box 30105
|Bethesda, MD 20824-0105
|(301) 592-8573
|(240) 629-3246
|(240) 629-3255
|Web Address:
The U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) information center offers information and publications about preventing and treating:
Related Information
- Bonow RO, et al. (2008). 2008 Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing committee to revise the 1998 Guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease). Circulation, 118(15):
Other Works Consulted
- Adams DH, et al. (2011). Mitral valve regurgitation. In V Fuster et al., eds., Hurst's The Heart, 13th ed., vol. 2, pp. 1721–1737. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Badiwala MV, et al. (2009). Surgical management of ischemic mitral valve regurgitation. Circulation, 120(12): 1287–1293.
- Bonow RO, et al. (2008). 2008 Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing committee to revise the 1998 Guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease). Circulation, 118(15):
- Oakley RE, et al. (2008). Choice of prosthetic heart valve in today's practice. Circulation, 117(2): 253–256.
- Otto CM, Bonow RO (2012). Valvular heart disease. In RO Bonow et al., eds., Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 9th ed., vol. 2, pp. 1468–1539. Philadelphia: Saunders.
- Rodriguez L, Gillinov AM (2007). Mitral valve disease. In EJ Topol, ed., Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
- Stout KK, Verrier ED (2009). Acute valvular regurgitation. Circulation, 119(25): 3232–3241.
- Whitlock RP, et al. (2012). Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy for valvular disease: Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed.—American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest, 141(2, Suppl): e576S–e600S.
|Healthwise Staff
|Primary Medical Reviewer
|Rakesh K. Pai, MD, FACC - Cardiology, Electrophysiology
|Specialist Medical Reviewer
|John A. McPherson, MD, FACC, FSCAI - Cardiology
|Last Revised
|November 29, 2011
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af Andrew Mitchell 22. december 2003
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