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22 U.S. Code § 290j - Establishment of the Fund
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(a) Agreement with Government of India; program purposes
The President is authorized to enter into an agreement with the Government of India for the establishment of a fund (hereafter in this subchapter referred to as the "Fund") which would provide grants and other assistance for cultural, educational, and scientific programs of mutual interest. Such programs may include exchanges of persons, exchanges of information, and other programs of study, research, and scholarly cooperation. The agreement may also provide for the establishment of an endowment, a foundation, or other means to carry out the purposes of the agreement.
(b) United States representatives
The United States representatives on any board or other entity created in accordance with the agreement to administer the Fund shall be designated by the President predominately from among representatives of United States Government agencies, including those administering programs which may be supported in whole or in part by the Fund.
Source(Pub. L. 98–164, title IX, § 902,Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1051.)
Short Title
Pub. L. 98–164, title IX, § 901,Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1051, provided that: "This title [enacting this subchapter] may be cited as the 'United States-India Fund for Cultural, Educational, and Scientific Cooperation Act'."
Ex. Ord. No. 12517. Delegation Concerning United States-India Fund for Cultural, Educational, and Scientific Cooperation
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of the United States of America, including section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, and in order to delegate certain functions concerning the United States-India Fund for Cultural, Educational, and Scientific Cooperation to the Secretary of State, it is hereby ordered as follows:
Section 1. All functions vested in the President by the United States-India Fund for Cultural, Educational, and Scientific Cooperation Act (Title IX of Public Law 98–164, 97 Stat. 1051; "the Act") [22 U.S.C. 290j et seq.] are delegated to the Secretary of State.
Sec. 2. India rupees provided to the President for purposes of Title IX of the Act and under Title III of the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriation Act, 1985 (Public Law 98–411, 98 Stat. 1545) are allocated to the Secretary of the Treasury for investment to generate earnings for purposes of Title IX of the Act.Ronald Reagan.
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


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Competing out-of-state political action committees are driving campaign spending to new heights in Maine's legislative races, which is on a pace to surpass the $1.5 million mark set two years ago. A national Democratic committee has selected five Maine legislative races from among 60 nationally as must-wins for the party. Democrats and Republicans agree that the battle for political control of the Maine Legislature will intensify in the closing weeks of the campaign season. A.J. Higgins has more.
Democratic state Sen. John Patrick of Rumford remembers when he first heard about the $400,000 political ad drop by the Republican State Leadership Committee two years ago. Patrick says it marked a sea change in Maine politics.
"I turned around and I looked at the ads that were being placed and I said, 'Oh My God, these ads are going to destroy a lot of people's personal credibility.' And I said to myself, 'If this is what's coming down -- we're in trouble," Patrick says.
And Patrick was right. The spending - and the content - are considered by members of both parties as key factors in the Republican takeover of the Maine Legislature in 2010. Maine Democratic leaders vowed they would never be caught offf guard again, and now the Washington-D.C.-based Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee has emerged as a major player in Maine's legislative races.
The group has identified five state legislative seats as must-win. Thus far, the group has moved about a half-million dollars into various Maine political action committees created to elect Democrats or to defeat Republicans. And a good part of the committee's donor base is represented by labor organizations.
Patrick said that shouldn't be a big surprise, given how aggressively GOP Gov. Paul LePage and majority Republicans went after organized labor. But he says other workign people have also taken notice.
"The unions were targeted, they were devastated," Patrick says. "When you steal people's pensions that are union members, non-union members throughout the state of Maine - working men and women - have to say to themselves as well: 'Are they coming for what I have coming to me as well?'"
Although the DLCC is not raising money for specific races, it has made known which Republicans it wants out: Sen. Nichi Farnham, of Bangor; Sen. Garrett Mason, of Lisbon Falls; Sen. Thomas Martin, of Benton; Rep. Aaron Libby, of Waterboro and Rep. Heather Sirocki, of Scarborough.
Dan Roth works for the Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee. "I think that there are serious issues that need to be worked on in Maine, and I think that working families in Maine need people in the Legislature who are going to be working on issues that they need help on," Roth says.
Every $100,000 poured into campaigns through committees like the DLCC ratchets up the overall costs in Maine legislative races.
"It's looking like we're in the midst of a bonafide arms race, in terms of campaigning on these legislative races," says Dan Demerritt, a Republican political consultant who formerly served as communications director for Gov. Paul LePage. He concedes that the GOP money drop in 2010 was effective in establishing a new GOP Senate majority -- but he also says big money in local Maine legislative races can backfire.
"Candidates on both sides, whether they're on the receiving end of an attack or being helped by one of these outside groups, often times don't want the help because it kind of distorts the race and it makes them answer for the kind of nasty appeals that they don't want to be associated with," Demeritt says.
At Maine Republican State headquarters, communications director David Sorensen says Democrats can't complain about the impact of money spent on campaigns when they are playing the very same game.
"This is more hypocrisy from a party that spent a lot of time complaining about Citizens United and the influence of big money in politics, and they run around raising special interest money and spending record amounts of money in state races," Sorensen says.
The recent contributions by the Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee have been countered by the Virginia-based Republican State Leadership Committee, which, according to the state campaign funding reports, raised $320,000 in the most recent reporting cycle to elect Republicans.

subset: commoncrawl


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A decade working on wetlands in Madagascar has lead to a Ramsar designation and a host of community benefits.
Local Engagement and Empowerment - Africa
A new book detailing the biodiversity of one of the most remarkable forests in Madagascar, Tsitongambarika, has just been published.
Asity Madagascar (BirdLife in Madagascar) has helped to strike a blow against illegal loggers in the Tsitongambarika forest Important Bird Area.
I felt heartened on reading through the 103 responses to last weeks featured post on the extinction of Alaotra Grebe. The question that had been posed in the original post 'Do we care', was answered with a resounding 'Yes'!
Today we announced that Alaotra Grebe is officially extinct on the Red List. When we publicise news of threat or extinction the first question posed by the media will be: "Why should we care?" Please add your thoughts on why we should care.


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Greenwood Lake Marina Center Console boats for sale
If you're looking for a new boat, used boats or any help with boating at all, be sure and stop at Greenwood Lake Marina located on the New York/New Jersey boarder. We are the largest marina on the lake and have been in business for over 30 years. The marina stocks a full line of new Starcraft Boats and Avalon Pontoon Boats as well as quality used boats.
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Danze D500058BN
Brushed Nickel Single Handle Pressure Balanced Tub and Shower Trim and Valve with Multi Function Shower Head from the Parma Collection
Item # BCI1022309 | Model # D500058BN | Parma Collection
We still have product details, accessories, replacement parts and reviews below, scroll down to see them!
Questions about Danze D500058BN?
Contact us for advice or more details. Our product specialists are here to help.
Single Handle Pressure Balanced Tub and Shower Trim and Valve with Multi Function Showerhead from the Parma Collection (Low Lead Compliant)
An elegant intersection of cylindrical shapes, Parma is clearly for the aesthetically adventurous. It offers an exciting range of designs, from our minimalist Single Handle Lavatory models to Wall Mount options. All promise to elevate the look of everything in your bathroom.
Danze D500058 Product Description:
- Ceramic pressure balance mixing valve WITH STOPS
- 3" three function showerhead with 71 jets
- Combination 1/2" copper sweat/IPS 4-port hook up
- Cast slip-fit spout
- Single handle with 3 function showerhead
- Back to back installation available
- Includes Rough-In Valve D113000BT
Danze D500058 Product Specification:
- Flow Rate (GPM): 2 - 2.5
- Tub Spout Reach: 5.75
- Valve Type: Pressure Balanced
- Spray Settings: 3
Additional Danze Links
This Danze item can also be referenced by the following color/finish specific model #:
- Danze D500058BN*
Brushed Nickel
- Danze D500058*
- Danze D500058RB*
Oil Rubbed Bronze
*Discontinued model or finish
More Than Just a Store - Your Reasons to Shop
Discover the best online deals for the D500058 and everything else for your home from the leading online home improvement store.
We're committed to providing you with the best assortment of Danze products with over 400 warehouses across the country.
Our knowledgeable product specialists work to bring you the best prices on every product and provide unmatched customer service. Your satisfaction is our highest priority!
Manufacturer Resources
Product Videos
Danze D500058 Single Handle Pressure Balanced Tub and Shower Trim and ValveGary Clark of Build.com reviews the Danze D500058 Single Handle Pressure Balanced Tub and Shower Trim and Valve Only with Rain Showerhead from the Parma Collection.


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Original Link: http://www.anandtech.com/show/604
Intel's NetBurst Architecture - The Pentium 4's innards get a nameby Anand Lal Shimpi on August 20, 2000 9:39 PM EST
- Posted in
- CPUs
AMD has steadily been gaining market share ever since the release of their Athlon last August, their Thunderbird last June and their Duron shortly thereafter. The company has come from a microprocessor manufacturer that focused on supplying processors for the value market segment to a manufacturer that is helping to drive the desktop market in both performance and value segments.
One of the main reasons that AMD's recent processor releases have been so successful is because, unlike their competition, primarily Intel, the K7 architecture and its derivatives are free from the numerous limitations that 5-year old P6 architecture imposes on Intel's current flagship, the Pentium III. By reading the above statement, you'd assume that the Athlon was all but demolishing the Pentium III in terms of performance. Well, it's not.
The beauty of the K7 architecture is that it is very scalable, especially when you consider the largely untapped (by AMD of course) high-end workstation/server market that demands multiprocessor solutions. So while the Pentium III and its accompanying P6 bus are performing just fine now, there is a definite need for a more powerful solution for Intel's future processors if they plan on holding their current market advantage.
Intel gave us a very pleasant surprise at the Spring 2000 Intel Developer Forum (IDF) in February: for the first time the Willamette's architecture was discussed in a decent amount of detail. However, Intel has remained fairly quiet about the Willamette until now.
In two days, Intel's annual Fall IDF will commence, and the big topic of the day will be the architecture upon which the Willamette, or Pentium 4, is based. We were given the go ahead by Intel to let you all in on the details of this new architecture today so you can get a head start on your IDF reading, which we will be providing later this week.
A lot of what we will be talking about in this article is a follow-up to our initial IDF coverage in our Intel IDF Report #1 and our IDF CPU Report articles that were published earlier this year.
Intel's NetBurst Micro-Architecture
The P6 architecture, first introduced with the Pentium Pro in 1995 has been the basis for Intel's processors ever since then. The Pentium II, the Celeron, the Pentium III and even the newest Celerons all have their foundations in an architecture that has hit the 5-year old mark. As we described back in February, the Pentium 4 will be the first IA-32 (32-bit Intel Architecture) processor from Intel to use a non-P6 architecture in recent times.
Today, that architecture gets a name and like many of today's Internet driven products, you can see similar roots in its name. Of course, we're talking about Intel's NetBurst Architecture.
The NetBurst Architecture is simply the name given to the Willamette architecture we discussed in our IDF coverage 6 months ago.
Hyper Pipelined Technology
The NetBurst architecture's first feature is what Intel is calling its Hyper Pipelined Technology, which is a fancy term for the 20 stage pipeline that the Pentium 4 has. This 20 stage pipeline is twice as long as the 10 stage P6 pipeline that the Pentium III featured and four times as long as the P5's five stage pipeline. A longer pipeline, as we've explained before, has its pros and cons.
The 20-stage pipeline on the Pentium 4 is what allows it to hit higher clock speeds right off the bat without requiring a die shrink. It is for this reason that the Pentium 4 will debut at speeds of 1.4GHz and higher (we will talk more about clock speed in a bit). Before you let that number impress you too much, you have to realize that the 20-stage pipeline of the Pentium 4 also yields what is called a lower amount of Instructions Per Clock (IPC). A lower IPC basically means that you get less accomplished in a given amount of time when compared to a processor that has a higher IPC - pretty simple right?
Well, there are a number of ways you make up for a lower IPC; one of the most obvious is to simply increase the clock speed, which Intel is definitely doing in this case. There isn't a doubt that on any of the current benchmarks, if a 1GHz Pentium III were put up against a hypothetical 1GHz Pentium 4, the Pentium III would win because it can do more per clock than the Pentium 4.
By the time the Pentium 4 hits the streets, the fastest Pentium III will most likely still be the 1.13GHz part we reviewed not too long ago, and with the P4 debuting with at least two speed grades (1.4GHz and above is Intel's official statement, but also remember that we saw a 1.5GHz Pentium 4 in February) there should be a performance delta between the two upon its launch.
Modern day CPUs attempt to increase the efficiency of their pipelines by predicting what they will be asked to do next. This is a simplified explanation of the term Branch Tree Prediction. When a processor predicts correctly, everything goes according to plan but when an incorrect prediction is made, the processing cycle must start all over at the beginning of the pipeline. Because of this, a processor with a 10 stage pipeline has a lower penalty for a mis-predicted branch than that of a processor with a 20 stage pipeline. The longer the pipeline, the further back in the process you have to start over in order to make up for a mis-predicted branch. The second problem presented with a longer pipeline is that the penalties for a mis-predicted branch are much greater than in a shorter pipeline.
In order to navigate around these problems, Intel's NetBurst architecture has a few features that help to lessen the burden of having a longer pipeline.
Rapid Execution Engine
As we mentioned in our initial coverage of the CPU, the Pentium 4's Arithmetic Logic Units (ALUs) operate at twice the core clock frequency. This means that on a 1.4GHz Pentium 4, the ALUs are effectively running at 2.8GHz and on the 1.5GHz Pentium 4 demo we saw 6 months ago, the ALUs were effectively running at an impressive 3.0GHz. Intel refers to this feature as the NetBurst architecture's Rapid Execution Engine.
We predicted that this would give the Pentium 4 the clear advantage in Integer performance, however from our recent discussions with Intel, it seems as if the main reason for clocking the integer ALUs at twice the core frequency was to make up for the lower IPC of the NetBurst architecture.
While we can't release performance numbers today (those will have to wait until the CPU is actually released), remember that the Rapid Execution Engine might be necessary in order to make sure that the Pentium 4 can outperform the Pentium III in integer applications.
The biggest question most of you all had when we first mentioned the 2X clocked ALUs back in February was whether or not we'd see chips advertised at 3GHz just because their ALUs were effectively running that high or whether we'd see some processors with normally clocked ALUs and others with 2X ALUs. Our understanding of the matter is that Intel won't be doing anything like that, and the feature is simply a part of the NetBurst architecture. It would be very misleading if Intel attempted to pursue either of those avenues of marketing, and chances are that they won't.
The Pentium 4's Cache
The second method of combating the problems associated with mis-predicted branches that could occur within the Pentium 4's 20-stage pipeline is by using what Intel calls the Execution Trace Cache. We mentioned this Trace Cache when we first had a look at the architecture, but we're finally able to provide you with some more information regarding the L1 cache and how Intel is positioning it.
First of all, let's take a quick look at what the Execution Trace Cache does:
The decoder of any x86 CPU (what takes the fetched instructions and decodes them into a form understandable by the execution units) has one of the highest gate counts out of all of the pieces of logic. This translates into quite a bit of time being spent in the decoding stage when preparing to process an instruction either for the first time or after a branch mis-prediction.
The Execution Trace Cache acts as a middle-man between the decoding stage and the first stage of execution after the decoding has been complete. The trace cache essentially caches decoded micro-ops (the instructions after they have been fetched and decoded, thus ready for execution) so that instead of going through the fetching and decoding process all over again when executing a new instruction, the Pentium 4 can just go straight to the trace cache, retrieve its decoded micro-op and begin execution.
This helps to hide the penalties associated with a mis-predicted branch later on in the Pentium 4's 20-stage pipeline. Another benefit of the trace cache is that it caches the micro-ops in the predicted path of execution, meaning that if the Pentium 4 fetches 3 instructions from the trace cache they are already presented in their order of execution. This adds potential for an incorrectly predicted path of execution of the cached micro-ops however Intel is confident that these penalties will be minimized because of the prediction algorithms used by the Pentium 4.
Intel is abandoning the common method of defining cache size, at least for the Execution Trace Cache. Instead, they are stating that the trace cache can cache approximately 12K micro-ops. Since we don't have any other architectures quite like this, we can't really offer a comparison for that number. In addition to the L1 Execution Trace Cache, the Pentium 4 features an 8KB L1 Data Cache. If you're big on processor specs, you'll realize that this is smaller than the Pentium III's current 16KB L1 Data Cache. According to Intel, this size sacrifice was made in order to achieve a better price/performance ratio for the Pentium 4 in respect to the cost of the additional die size/transistors versus the performance an additional 8KB would offer.
The Pentium 4 will also feature a 256KB L2 cache running at the processor's core clock speed. This L2 cache will feature a much higher bandwidth than the current 256KB L2 on the Pentium III, partly because of the fact that the Pentium 4 will be running at a higher clock speed but also because of the fact that data is transferred on every clock as opposed to every other clock with the Pentium III's cache.
In terms of the bandwidth available to and from the L2 cache, a hypothetical Pentium III clocked at 1.5GHz would have 24GB/s of available bandwidth to and from the L2 cache, while a Pentium 4 clocked at the same speed would have 48GB/s of available bandwidth because it is able to transfer data on every clock.
This is one area where the Athlon (Thunderbird) has a disadvantage, because the chip features a 64-bit path to its L2 cache whereas the Pentium III/4 feature a 256-bit datapath to its L2 cache.
Just as with the Pentium III, all of the Pentium 4's L1 cache (including the Execution Trace Cache) will be duplicated in its L2 cache.
The Pentium 4's Chipset & Bus
The move to a 133MHz FSB helped the Pentium III remain competitive with the Athlon, as we've seen from the benchmarks, but in order to handle future applications, there is a definite need for a larger amount of system bandwidth. This necessity is accomplished by the quad-pumped bus that will be the backbone for the Pentium 4's transactions.
The 100MHz FSB is quad-pumped, meaning it yields transfer rates equivalent to that of a 400MHz FSB clock (3.2GB/s). This will give Intel, for the first time since the release of the Athlon and its 200MHz EV6 bus, the advantage over AMD in terms of available system bandwidth. Also remember that although AMD's EV6 bus is easily scalable to 400MHz as well, they haven't seen a need for that boost as of now.
As we mentioned last time, the Pentium 4 will run on Intel's upcoming Tehama chipset, which has since been dubbed the i850. The i850 won't offer any significant enhancements to Intel's Hub Architecture, it will pretty much be a single processor version of the i840 chipset with support for the Pentium 4's bus.
Intel's i850 Memory Controller Hub
Because it has its roots in the i840 chipset, the i850 will feature a dual channel RDRAM memory setup. Unfortunately, RDRAM prices are still not on par with SDRAM prices; combine that with the fact that you will have to install RDRAM RIMMs in pairs on i850 boards (because of the dual channel RDRAM setup) and you are talking about a noticeable price increase simply because of the fact that the i850 chipset only supports RDRAM. Since the MTH is, thankfully, gone, there won't be any SDRAM solutions for the Pentium 4 from Intel until the second half of 2001. This could very well hurt Pentium 4 sales, at least in terms of the hardware enthusiast community's willingness to adopt a processor whose only available platform is an RDRAM only solution. If RDRAM prices don't fall even more, it would definitely be in Intel's best interest to explore the possibility of releasing their SDRAM based P4 chipset earlier than the second half of next year.
While there has been a lot of talk about VIA producing a Pentium 4 chipset, they currently do not have a license to do so. We'll have to wait and see if they can produce a SDRAM based solution for the Pentium 4 before Intel's own chipset.
AMD took advantage of the fact that Intel's flagship platform was and still is the i820. If the acceptance of RDRAM continues to be as low as it has been, the i850 may be a tragic flaw of the Pentium 4, at least for the first few months of its existence.
The P4's bus, unlike the Athlon's EV6, isn't a Point-to-Point bus, meaning that all CPUs must share the same 3.2GB/s of available system bandwidth. With a Point-to-Point bus, although it's more complicated to implement, each CPU in a multiprocessor environment gets its own connection to the North Bridge meaning that in the case of the Athlon's EV6 bus, each CPU in a multiprocessor setup would get a 200MHz connection to the North Bridge.
Point-to-Point Bus Protocol - AMD EV6
Shared Bus Protocol - Intel NetBurst Bus
Intel also informed us that the Pentium 4 would strictly be a uniprocessor part, meaning it won't even work in multiprocessor boards. We'll have to wait for the SMP version of the CPU, currently called Foster, before we can see what the Pentium 4 can do in a multiprocessor environment. Its 400MHz FSB should help considerably in dual processor systems which are currently forced to share a 100MHz FSB, at least on Intel platforms.
The chip, SSE2 & Heat
Intel hasn't revealed any more information about the Pentium 4's SSE2 instructions, although we do know that from our experience with the game, Shiny's Sacrifice will be able to take advantage of SSE2. For more information on SSE2, take a look at our Spring IDF 2000 coverage.
The 432-pin Pentium 4 should dissipate around 52W of heat when operating at launch speeds; this puts it below that of the 1GHz Thunderbird that is currently available.
As the Pentium 4's release approaches, the tension mounts to see how Intel's Pentium 4 will compete against AMD's upcoming Mustang core. Another interesting topic of discussion will be how big of an effect RDRAM will have on the Pentium 4's launch. Intel is still committed to pairing up the P4 with its dual RDRAM channels, and even when they do release a SDRAM based chipset for the P4, the i850 will still remain as the processor's suggested platform.
The CPU industry is obviously about to get very competitive -- as if it weren't competitive enough already.


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Consult the talk page or me for any questions or concerns. See the Poo Lit Archives for the results from past competitions.
The competition
What is the Poo Lit Surprise?
A writing competition held on Uncyclopedia for a small cash prize. It is designed to jump-start writing quality at Uncyclopedia. After the previous eight competitions, a significant number of featured articles for the following month(s) were from the PLS, and it could be argued that the overall quality of featured articles increased.
Who can enter and what are the rules?
All registered members of Uncyclopedia are encouraged to enter, though a few conditions and limitations apply. Judges are barred from entering the competition (see here for the list of judges). Non-noobs (people who've been here longer than 3 months) cannot enter the "Best Article By a Noob" category, and noobs are not restricted to the "Best Article By a Noob" category. A checkuser will be run to ensure that no supposed "noobs" are sockpuppets of existing users. Sockpuppet accounts will be disqualified and banned.
You may enter only once for each category (for which you are eligible; one article per category per person). An article may only be entered in one category, and it must fit within the requirements of a particular category. You may not change three words and the title of an article to make it eligible for another category; such behavior will result in both articles being disqualified. Additionally, in previous competitions, collaborations were permitted. However, due to a lack of collaboration submissions and complicating rules, collaborations are no longer permitted.
Articles created prior to the competition cannot be submitted. Also, no plagiarism. Should we discover your work is not original, you will be disqualified. Using resources such as the Reefer Desk, Image Request, or Pee Review is forbidden. Users may, however, use Vital, Uncyclopedia:The Creative Process, Category:Rewrite, Special:Wantedpages, Uncyclopedia:Requested Articles and/or Inspire an Article to help get ideas.
When is the PLS going to be held?
- From January 18th ― January 31st, entries will be accepted.
- From Febuary 1st ― Febuary 7th, entries will be locked and judged.
- From Febuary 7th ― Febuary 13th, winners will be announced, articles will be moved into the mainspace, and all entries will be unlocked.
- Febuary 14th ― we will all go play Shinty.
(n.b.: all times are to be measured by UTC, and all phases of the contest end at midnight on the specified day; entries may be accepted at the discretion of Sycamore)
Where should I put my entry?
The article should be placed on your userspace (i.e. the title should be in the format User:<insert name here>/[article name]). Alternatively, you can skip a step and type the article name below:
|User:<insert name here>/
Between January 18h ― January 31st, you should post a link to your article in the entry section below and sign as you would a forum post or vote.
If you're a paranoid, or afflicted with OCD, or just want to tell people to shove off until after the PLS, add {{PLS-WIP}} to your entry.
Trousers or Kilts?
Kilts please.
Best Main Namespace Article
Also simply known as "Best Article", this category is for articles which are not of an alternate namespace (i.e. UnBooks, HowTo, UnNews, Why?, UnPoetia, etc.).
|Office Space
|I'll set the website on fire.
|Magic man
|I'm stalking you
|I guess this is pretty done. I'll still be editing it, but, ya know...
|I'd Like to Talk to you about Jesus
Then work faster!! -- 17:54, January 31, 2011 (UTC)
|33 miners were buried underground
|how would the copiapo accident look in other countries?
|Forget the title. This is why a kid didn't do his homework.
|The Adventures of Zombiebaron
|An article about the book series.
|reptilian brain
|Black flamingo
|Sex sex sex sex food food danger sex sex sex.
|Dark Horse
|Wink wink
|I just wrote this during the last hour. Just kidding. I wrote it a month before the competition. Just kidding, I wrote this cause I'm single.
|Editing User:Mrthejazz/HURDUR I"M A NOOB
|I make edits good. You proud of me. I go suckle now.
|BP did it
|My critically acclaimed sequel to my beloved article.
Best Noob Article
A category for noobs (users who have been on Uncyclopedia for three months or less). May be of an alternate namespace.
|Jerome Bettis
|My 10th grade LA AP final paper =)
|Real Indians
|All about Indians, and not Native Americans.Tthe article Real Indians was the original one, but I think fucked up with the title bad, and this is my first time writing down stuff (never hit so many keys before!). So, you've all the right to kick me in my balls. I'm the real n00b!
|The Decemberists
|The first thing I wrote when I came here this month.
|Machine Gun
|Not been on long, picked this at random from requested articles
|User:Putthatknifedown/UnNews:Miley Cyrus is now 18
|I did this a few mouths ago I hope it still counts I have been for 3 months and a few extra day it feels more like a month.
Best Illustrated Article
Based on how well an article's images contribute to the humor of the article. May be of an alternate namespace (images and article must be created by the user).
|Do you have a face?
|For that matter, what, even, is a face? Eh? ~ 20:27, 31 January 2011
|In MS Paint With One Arm, While Furiously Masturbating
|UnBooks:Zombiebaron's Adventure To Asia
|"The prequel to Harold M. Zombiebaron's best-selling novel Zombiebaron's Adventure To The Zoo"
Best Alternate Namespace Article
The category which is strictly for alternate namespace articles (i.e. UnBooks, HowTo, UnNews, Why?, UnPoetia, UnScripts, etc.).
|Howto: Annoy Richard Dawkins
|UnNews:Disco never died!
|Gay People
|Why do I need to provide this?
|UnNews:Steven Spielberg Presents Stonehenge Apocalypse
|No comment, your honor.
|UnBooks:Diary of an Uncyclopedia noob
|Haven't finished it yet. Sorry for the grammar mistakes.
|Black flamingo
|UnNews:Everything is shit
|It's all true.
|UnScripts: Law & Order: Puritan New England
|I've been meaning to write an article with this title for ages. Hopefully I can get the majority of it done this weekend, seeing as I have no homework and nothing else to do. Edit: Finally done. —Unführer Guildy Ritter von Guildensternenstein 05:07, January 30, 2011 (UTC)
|UnScripts: Star Trek (film, 2009 reboot)
|I didn't like the movie. It took until now to figure out why.
|HowTo: Understand and deal with pretense
|One step at a time.
|UnBooks:The Old Man and LV
|Had the title in mind for months, this gives me a deadline to not write it again. (Update: Brought it up to a semi-good place just before the bell sounded. So there it sits, whistling and shuffling its feet.)
|HowTo:Read Braille; A Guide For The Blind
|For best results, it is recommended that you read this article with your eyes closed.
|UnNews:America's Chinese Creditors Approve State of the Union Address
|I was struck with a sudden inspiration after watching the address, and toiled into the wee hours to get it done while it was still timely.
|UnNews: GOP: Obama's SotU salmon comment "job-killing"
|Read this or I will personally strangle three American jobs.
|UnBooks:Barack Obama's Economic Strategy
|Short article, nothing clever but I couldn't resist an urge to write something about Obama :P
|Why?:Categorise pages
|I have this urge to add an unfinished notion I had at two in the morning to the pile. I'd finish it now, but there's no time. I think I may just be trying to annoy the judges.
|John Lydon
|UnTunes:The Monkeys are Attacking
|I am stuck on Band Aids 'cuz Band Aids stuck on me!
Best Rewrite
For articles which are rewrites of existing articles.
|Not sure if I did this right. I edited it all a bit before I realised it had to go to my user space. Ive moved what was already edited by me. Not sure if this is an example template or if I am supposed to actually fill this all out. --Shabidoo 23:55, January 18, 2011 (UTC)
~ 03:34, 19 January 2011
Aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaand DONE !!!
|Black flamingo
|You guitar-playing bitches are gonna pay.
|Matt Lobster
|Workaround-oriented programming
|Actually, I think I'll do this. Yay, computers! Yay, technobabble! Yay, idiocy!
|Winner of Wank-A-Thon 2009
|A. West
|You're gonna be all like "HOLY LEVEL 10, ASSHOLE! YOU ACTUALLY WROTE SOMETHING FUNNY!"
|Muddy Waters
|It's gonna be great I tell ya.
|Nick Drake
|This is too close to done to not enter, but I have to pick someone up at the airport and won't have time to linkify and format it. Sorry. It will be done after the judging.


text:
The answers to the question 'How do harmonics work?' were most interesting.
OK, that's the HOW it happens. But WHY does it happen ? What is the physics here ? Why doesn't a guitar string vibrate at one frequency only?
The answers to the question 'How do harmonics work?' were most interesting.
OK, that's the HOW it happens. But WHY does it happen ? What is the physics here ? Why doesn't a guitar string vibrate at one frequency only?
It's a simple question with quite an involved answer.
First a quick primer on wavelength, frequency and pitch.
Frequency is how many times a vibration repeats in a period of time. Wavelength is the length of a single vibration, which for something like a guitar string, corresponds to the length of time it takes to repeat. You can see that if the wavelength halves, the frequency doubles.
Conveniently, the wavelength of the sound from a vibrating string is proportional to the length of the string, so we can talk about the two almost interchangeably.
Doubling the frequency (halving the wavelength) takes us up an octave.
When you hit/pluck/shake anything, it will vibrate at all kinds of frequency. Most of those frequencies will die away very quickly. Here's why.
These are conceptual pictures of a string vibrating. Think of one end as the nut of a guitar, and the other as the bridge. The bottom one is "not a resonant frequency", because the line doesn't end at the bridge. I could perhaps have drawn the last part of the wave with a steeper curve, so it reached the dot, and that would have shown what happens to waves of that frequency -- rather than work with the length of the string to reinforce itself, it works against the length of the string, gets cancelled out, and dies away.
Now look at the other waves. They sustain because they "fit" into the length of the string. They would carry on vibrating that way forever, if it weren't for the sound board, the friction of the air, and so forth, perhaps the magnetic field of a pickup, taking energy away.
I've shown the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th -- but they keep going on, at various levels of loudness.
The complex waveform of a guitar note is the result of adding all those resonant frequencies together.
Here are some waveforms:
Here is a frequency analysis of single guitar note - horizontal axis is frequency, vertical axis is amplitude. Each spike is a different harmonic.
It's the precise mixture of frequencies, and how quickly each one dies away, that provides the timbre of the instrument.
A good way to get a feel for this is to play with an analogue synth (or a simulation of one). These use "additive synthesis", in which an oscillator produces a pure sin wave, and you build up a timbre by adding in "harmonics" using more oscillators, choosing the relative pitch and volume for each one.
You may have noticed that your guitar sounds "boomier" if you pluck it near the 12th fret, and more trebly when you pluck it near the bridge. That's because when you pluck near the middle of the string, you're giving lots of energy to the 1st harmonic, and very little to the other harmonics.
Now, what happens if you gently touch the midpoint of the string?
The result is that you subtract the fundamental note, and a lot of "odd" harmonics, leaving a harmonic that's an octave up, and some of the higher harmonics. The result is a sound with fewer harmonics that therefore sounds "purer".
A great way to get a feel for this is to play the open string, then listen carefully as you gently touch the midpoint, to see how you achieve the octave by subtracting part of the sound.
Well, they don't happen – not necessarily.
Strings can do all kind of stuff:
All these are possible ways a snapshot of a moving string could look like. Not only that, it could also move at each point with an arbitrary velocity, including the possibility of a velocity that's everywhere 0 (for an infinitesimally short moment!). This possibility is not just theoretical: in the first shown state, the string would simply be in "silent mode", i.e. no vibration. The second state is an overtone-free one (the lowest eigenstate of the string, where this is in fact the upper turnaround position).
The 4th state is a confused bunch of harmonics, hopefully quite good to imagine in that picture. By this I mean, you could take a little bit of the ground state from picture 2, something of the second harmonic (I suppose you know what it looks like), a little of the 3rd and so on, add them all up and get exactly picture 4. What would that sound like? Well, just the sum of all those frequencies as overtones, like in typical string vibration as we're use to hear. Except that picture 4 is not a typical string state: I wouldn't expect to ever find a real string in that state.
In contrary to state 3: that's exactly what a guitar string looks like when you've plugged it and it's just about to slip off the nail/pick. And what happens then? Well, it moves on as if there never was a pick, i.e. as if it was in the middle of its normal movement and we simply took a snapshot which happened to look like picture 3. But picture 3 is clearly not an eigenstate: just like picture 4, the only way a string could look like this is by vibrating in multiple modes at the same time. And that's why a guitar doesn't produce sine oscillations, but proper tones with harmonics.
Actually, the opposite question is more relevant
It comes down to where the nodes, or zeros are (have a look at @MatthewRead's answer over here) as with the ends of the string fixed, any wave which has an element of movement at those points will not propagate (the end point just won't move)
So what that does is limit the possible frequencies to those which have a wavelength which fits into the string a whole number of times.
From a purely theoretical point of view it has to do with two things: Excitation and non-linearity.
As suggested by leftaroundabout's diagrams, WHERE you pluck on a string, eg, will affect to a large degree whether it vibrates primarily at the "fundamental" or some harmonic. This is excitation. So someone playing a stringed instrument can get a purer, more "fundamental" sound by plucking near the middle of the string, and a "richer", more "harmonic" sound by plucking closer to the end of the string.
Non-linearity, on the other hand, has to do with the fact that, eg, the string of a stringed instrument is not perfectly flexible, must deal with the resistance of air, and a number of other factors. This means that even if somehow initially excited to precisely the fundamental frequency, the fact that, eg, the strings are stiff at the ends will cause the ends to "lag" slightly the motion of the rest of the string, so rather than vibrating in a smooth arc the string will take on a slight S shape. If you analyze the S shape mathematically and plot its frequency spectrum, there will be a strong spike at the fundamental frequency, but (due to the S shape) weaker spikes at the overtones. In addition, the "sharp" peak at the fundamental (and the overtones) will "spread" slightly due to air resistance, etc.
It's all these subtle variations that give a musical instrument its tone. A pure fundamental tone sounds "electronic" and very artificial. (But of course, too many overtones and too much "spread" results in a muddy sound.)
I'll assume that you wonder about the harmonic components of a sound, not the guitar harmonics played by just touching the string (which was the real question behind "How do harmonics work?", I believe).
Any periodical signal can be represented as a sum of sine waves. These sine waves are shown in a spectrum: the spikes in the spectrum graph by slim represent the amplitudes of sine waves, which frequencies are given by the x-axis of the spikes.
Sum up these sine waves and you will get your original signal back. If you have only one component (one spike) in a spectrum, the signal is just a sine with that frequency and amplitude.
With that in mind, your question may be rephrased:
"Why doesn't a guitar string vibrate at one frequency only?" -> "Why doesn't a guitar string vibrate as a sine wave?"
You could say that a guitar string vibrates at one frequency (in a non-sine waveform). But its waveform may be decomposed into a sum of sine waves of different frequencies.
Now why doesn't a guitar string vibrate as a sine? As mentioned by others, this is controlled by the constraints applied to the string. The contact with the pluck, where the string is struck, the stiffness of the string, the connections to the guitar body, the body itself, the room, your fingers...
You asked "Why doesn't a guitar string vibrate at one frequency only?". Let's look at it from the other perspective: Every kind of musical instrument makes sounds that have overtones in them, and every pitch played on every kind of instrument has multiple frequencies in it--not just on the guitar. There is no repeating, oscillating sound made by any musical instrument that has absolutely no overtones. The only sound that can exist that has no overtones would be a completely pure sine wave. You could only create a pure sine wave with an electronic oscillator. No acoustic or electro-acoustic musical instrument can create a sound that is similar to a pure sine wave.
It all has to do with overtones. In a nutshell, sound is a compression wave. (It's usually drawn as a standing wave for simplicity.) Every pitch is at a set frequency, so the high point in the wave occurs every so often.
An overtone, which is what a harmonic is, happens when you have two sound waves whose high points overlap at certain intervals. For instance, an octave above any given note is twice that note's frequency, so the high points of the upper note will overlap the high points in the lower note every other time. Similar effects occur for most overtones.
A guitar string really does only vibrate at a single frequency, which is determined by its length and its tension. The overtones line up with other frequencies, which causes any appropriately tuned strings nearby to resonate with the string if they match one of the harmonics.
This is a gross oversimplification of course. This youtube video is the best explanation of the whole process I've seen in a while.
It happens like this because the string's physics makes these harmonics resonates with their particular weights.
If you tap on wood, a different set of frequencies would resonate, on another material, it would another "signature". That's how you distinguish a violin from a cello playing the same note, as you would differentiate two textures of material by touch.
There are two main components of this signature:
It is the work of years of tinkering to reach the level of craftsmanship to create these elaborated signatures, yet on the signal processing side, these are just sums of sinusoids!


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The Power of Independent Thinking
Dr. Ron Paul Liberty Defined: The Future of Freedom
Recorded: Wednesday, April 9, 2014
Ron Paul, the former 12-term Congressman and Presidential candidate,
takes a candid look at Americas increasingly dysfunctional political
system. Drawing on his 24 years in Congress, he highlights the need
to rein in unchecked government power. The author of numerous
#1 New York Times bestselling books, Dr. Paul is a leading advocate for individual liberty, privacy, limited constitutional government, low taxes
and spending, free markets, restrained foreign policy, and sound money.
Experts: Ron PaulType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Constitutional Law, Culture/ Society, Diplomacy and Foreign Aid, Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economic Policy, Government Power, Government Waste/Pork, Political Ideology and Philosophy, Politics, Regulation and Deregulation
Clifford Thies on the American Economic Association and Richard T. Ely
Recorded: Monday, November 28, 2011
The American Economic Association (AEA) takes pride in celebrating its founder Richard T. Ely. This pride is strange, given the character of Elys thought, which is revealed in The Independent Review article The Shaping of a Future Presidents Economic Thought: Richard T. Ely and Woodrow Wilson at The Hopkins by Gary M. Pecquet and Clifford F. Thies, as well as the Econ Journal Watch article Richard T. Ely: The Confederate Flag of the AEA? by Clifford F. Thies and Ryan Daza. In this podcast, Thies is interviewed by the economist Lawrence H. White and explores Elys ideas, values, and impact. Thies is the Eldon R. Lindsay Chair of Free Enterprise and Professor of Economics and Finance at Shenandoah University.
Experts: Clifford F. Thies, Lawrence H. WhiteType: RadioIssues: Bureaucracy and Government, Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Collectivism, Culture/ Society, Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economic Policy, Economists, Government Power, Immigration, Political Ideology and Philosophy, Public Health/ Consumer Protection, Race Issues, Regulation and Deregulation, Religion, Science, Welfare
Bush, Obama, and Presidential Power
Recorded: Wednesday, January 7, 2009
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Was George W. Bush the worst president ever? Ivan Eland examines Bushs presidency and those of his predecessors to determine if their policies promoted peace, prosperity, and liberty while upholding the Constitution they swore to protect.
Experts: Ivan Eland, Ron Paul, Richard ShenkmanType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Banking and Finance, Bureaucracy and Government, Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Constitutional Law, Culture/ Society, Defense and Foreign Policy, Democracy, Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economic Policy, Freedom, Government Power, History (U.S), Nationalism, Political Ideology and Philosophy, Politics, Privacy, Terrorism and National Crises


text:
ADAPs To Report Client Level Data
ADAPs To Report Client Level Data
HRSA is implementing a new data reporting system, the ADAP Data Report (ADR), allowing AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAPs) to generate and report client-level data. ADR is an addition to the Ryan White Services Report (RSR), which provides client-level data on hundreds of thousands of individuals served by Ryan White Part A through F agencies across the Nation. Client-level data enables service agencies to document the services they provide and to use that information to improve services.
The ADR represents a huge change for ADAPs in terms of the amount of data they will collect as they transition from aggregate to client-level data reporting. However, the change is not completely revolutionary for ADAPs as most are already collecting the bulk of the data called for in the ADR. That's because the ADR is based on the ADAP Quarterly Report (AQR) currently used by ADAPs to report aggregate data.
The ADR will replace the current AQR, but that won't happen until ADAPs are fully ready to adopt the new ADR. Phase-out of the AQR will happen once robustness of ADR reporting is achieved.
Adopting a New System
Fortunately, the Ryan White Community has many insights about transitioning to a client level data system under the RSR, which went far more smoothly than anyone had anticipated. In its first year, over 80 percent of Ryan White agencies submitted their RSR reports by the deadline. Today, well over 95 percent are submitting client-level data on time. Among the RSR lessons learned that ADAPs might consider:
- Don't wait until the last minute. Start collecting ADR data and review it to see if the information is complete and accurate.
- When the system opens up to data uploading, start testing to see if the upload goes through properly. ADAPs can always un-submit and re-submit.
- Submit early to avoid the risk of overloading the server, which can cause delays and missed submission deadlines.
- Reach out to RSR colleagues to gain their insights. The ADR and RSR systems are very similar.
ADR TA and Training Is Available
Perhaps the biggest lesson learned by grantees in adopting the RSR was the importance of accessing HRSA TA and training. Below are highlights of ADR assistance being provided by HRSA/HAB.
Orientations to the ADR. HRSA/HAB webcasts and presentations outline the ADR, and they are a good starting place. These include:
- Are You Ready for the ADR?
- eUCI (encrypted unique client identifier) and ADR.
- Sneak Preview of CAREWare for ADR (held 8/29/12, archive viewing pending).
ADR Website Portals. There are two main websites for ADR information: the HRSA/HAB ADR page with information about ADR reporting requirements and the TARGET Center's ADR topic page, which also presents technical assistance and training information. HRSA is keeping information across these pages in sync. Both sites present information such as the ADR implementation timeline (ADAPs will submit the ADR every 6 months, with the first data collection period starting October 1, 2012, and ending March 31, 2013) and the ADR Instruction Manual. Below are starting points for learning about and accessing ADR TA and training:
- Technical Assistance for the ADR Slideshow.
- HRSA's data TA providers listed on this page and the ADR topic page.


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FREDERICK, Md. (WUSA) - Guns are a way of life for some people.
They see increased and stricter government controls as a threat, which could account for today's run on guns at The Gun Center in Frederick, Maryland. Owner Bill Kelly told a potential customer on the phone, "Everbody in the country is buying guns and I've got a storeful of customers who all want to buy the same type of firearm you want."
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Customer Jeff Snowden, shopping for a handgun, said he wanted to make sure he would be able to get the gun he was looking for, and added that the Newtown tragedy "didn't change my thinking, it clarified it."


text:
|editKonan [1][2]
|小南 Konan
|Volume #40, Naruto Chapter #363
|Naruto Shippūden Episode #125
|Akatsuki Hiden: Evil Flowers in Full Bloom
|Road to Ninja: Naruto the Movie
|Naruto Shippūden: Ultimate Ninja Heroes 3
|Naruto x UT
|Appears in
|Anime, Manga, Novel, Game, Movie
|Voice Actors
|February 20
|Blood type
Konan (小南, Konan) was a kunoichi from Amegakure and a member of Akatsuki. She was partnered with Nagato, and was the only member to call him by his name. After Nagato's death, she defected from the organisation and became the leader of Amegakure before her own death.
When she was young, Konan's family was killed during the Second Shinobi World War, and she was left to fend for herself.[4] Some time later, Yahiko found her, and the two worked together to survive. Not long after that, Konan went for a walk and found a young, dying Nagato and his dog, Chibi. She rescued him and brought him back to their hideout. Gradually the three became best friends. They eventually encountered the Sannin, who gave them some food. Konan impressed them by making an elaborate flower out of the paper wrappers left behind as a sign of gratitude. When Orochimaru suggested to kill them so they would not have to suffer the horrors of war, Jiraiya instead opted to stay and teach the three how to look after themselves.
After Jiraiya taught them ninjutsu and was confident they could take care of themselves, he left them on their own. Before leaving, Jiraiya tells Konan that she will be very beautiful when she grows up and to come and see him when she turns eighteen.[5] During their time with Jiraiya, he made a defence system (seeing as that the hideout they all shared at the time was vulnerable to being targeted for enemy attacks) composed of four planks, each with one red side and one white (the white side also had a frog picture on it), attached to a part of a wall of the hideout they shared at the time with a string and a nail, each one above one of their names, which he called "Hop-In" planks. Nagato's, Yahiko's and Konan's were one wall and Jiraiya's was on a wall opposite. The purpose of the planks were that when they were in the hideout, they turn their planks to the red side and they leave, they flip their plank to the white side, so when a plank's on the red side and the person's not in the hideout, it means they could have been captured by the enemy and when a plank's on the white side and it appears that the person's in the hideout, it could mean that an enemy has transformed into said person and has infiltrated the hideout, along with a trapdoor hidden among the floorboards leading to an hidden room and emergency escape route he left just in case.[6]
Over time, the three formed the Akatsuki and became renowned for their strength and effectiveness, with news of their actions even reaching Jiraiya. When their group became too big, they were forced to find another hideout, and leave their current one where they once lived with Jiraiya. When they were about to leave and flip over their "Hop-In" planks, a ninja squad attacked the hideout creating an explosion which resulted in a hole in the roof which they used to infiltrate the hideout. Yahiko (after Konan flipped her plank and just before he was about to flip his), noticed the attack in time and used the escape route just before ninja entered the hideout. It is also implied that over time Konan began to develop romantic feelings for Yahiko.[7]
At some point in time, the orphans encountered Obito Uchiha who proclaimed that he was Madara Uchiha and Zetsu. She listened on in the background as Tobi told them his motives for approaching them and later walked away from the pair as Yahiko was wary of them.[8]
Hanzō, the then leader of Ame, feared that Akatsuki would overthrow him. As such, he and Konohagakure's Danzō Shimura deceived the group into meeting with them about an allegiance for peace. When Nagato and Yahiko went to meet with them, they kidnapped Konan and ordered Nagato to kill Yahiko in exchange for her life. Konan cried out for them to flee without her, but they refused to leave her behind. Although Nagato was paralysed in shock by the order, Yahiko stabbed himself with the kunai in Nagato's hand. Nagato saved Konan afterwards, who would thereafter accompany him wherever he went.
Konan was smart, stoic, calm, and level-headed (much like her partner, Nagato, was). As a child, she was bright, compassionate, and relatively cheerful, in comparison to Yahiko's tough attitude and Nagato's sensitivity. However, the traumatic events since then have led her to become a very serious person, and she never spoke during Akatsuki meetings. Nevertheless, she has always placed the safety of her team-mates above her own. When she was younger Konan showed romantic feelings towards Yahiko, caring for him and wanting to be as close to him as possible, [9] though it is unknown if these feelings carried on during adulthood or remained after Yahiko's death.
She did seem to be more empathic than most other Akatsuki members, as she appeared sad whenever she was reminded of her past. She also expressed a great deal of loyalty and courtesy to Pain, doing his bidding without question, looking out for his well-being and always having complete faith in his abilities. She seemed to act as an intermediary between Pain and Ame, the villagers having given her the title "God's Angel", because with her paper wings activated, she resembles one.
She had the ability to read Pain's emotions without him facially expressing them, presumably as a result of having known him for so long. As soon as Tobi ordered Pain to capture the Nine-Tailed Demon Fox, she could tell right away that there was something about the order that very much upset her emotionally deadened partner.
After Nagato's sacrifice, Konan becomes fiercely adamant to protect Naruto Uzumaki, the person Nagato entrusted his mission of world peace to, even going as far as to proclaim all of Ame's loyalty to him. She was equally fierce in defending Nagato's remains from Tobi going as far as to prepare herself for suicidal attacks against him if it meant protecting Nagato and Naruto from him.
Konan had blue hair, grey eyes (amber in the anime), lavender eye shadow, and a labret piercing. Konan's eyelashes are shown to be a diagonal line at the bottom corner of her eyes, but in the anime, they are shown to be distinctive lines. She has worn a large light blue paper flower in her hair since she was a child. Her facial expression was usually neutral, though usually protested or looked worried when Nagato performed a technique that would debilitate him. She wore the Akatsuki cloak and her Akatsuki ring on her right middle finger, the kanji on it meaning "white" (白, bya). She also wore orange nail polish. Although she never removed her Akatsuki mantle, it was revealed that underneath it, she wore a revealing navy blue robe, with a large hemline on the front, and exposed her arms, her back, the lateral part of her breast, and her belly, with her navel being surrounded by four more piercings; instead of the standard sandals and leg-warmers, she wore a pair of blue pants that also functioned as her shoes, with white high heels, inverting the organisation's standard colour scheme.
As a child, Konan was seen wearing an array of simple clothing. When living with Jiraiya, she was seen wearing a karate top and skirt bottom, with a pouch she wore at the front of her outfit to carry her paper. When Konan, Yahiko, and Nagato began to make Akatsuki, Konan wore a black cloak with purple stockings and high heels, as well as a mid section guard similar to that of Samui and an Ame headband, that being the only time period Konan's been seen wearing one.
Konan was an S-rank kunoichi and her skills were held in high regard by her partner, Pain. She also had an amazing natural talent for origami and after training with Jiraiya, was able to form paper weapons infused with her chakra. Tobi highly underestimated her during their battle, leading him to lose his right arm and half of his mask in the process.[10]
Konan had a very keen intellect as she was able to quickly understand the process and reason behind the hop in, hop out system Jiraiya had created for them and years later would study Tobi's techniques, accurately decipher how they worked and then did countless simulations in order to find the perfect way to kill him. Even Tobi expressed surprise that he was forced to rely on the forbidden Izanagi to survive her final assault at the cost of his left eye.[11]
Paper Ninjutsu
Even as a child, Konan has shown a natural talent for origami and had even developed it into her main ninjutsu. She has created a unique transformation technique called Dance of the Shikigami, which can turn her entire body and clothing into thousands of sheets of paper, which she can control at will and form into any shape or colour.[12] To travel long distances, she can fold them into butterflies or planes for powered flight, and to attack, she hardens the sheets to the point when it is as hard as steel and folds them into arrows, spears, and shuriken. She can also restrain opponents by blanketing them in sheets, thus restricting their movement and asphyxiating them. Befitting (and likely inspiring) her title as Angel (天使, Tenshi), the papers can also form large wings for further weaponry, though she is capable of hovering without them. She could also make chakram-like weapons to attack foes and in the anime is skilled enough to make two and control them with great ease using them to corner her targets from opposing ends.
Despite being made of paper, Jiraiya's Fire Release: Flame Bullet, which was empowered by oil, didn't even damage her. The power of the paper attacks could even overpower a fire attack. Konan is susceptible to oil-based attacks that prevent her paper from unfolding. Although she is not hampered to the same extent by water, as shown when Pain had his summon use Water Release: Wild Bubble Wave on her to wash the oil off, as well as her use of it in her home village where it always rains. Konan can make Paper Clones that she could use to fight in her place. She could hide explosive tags in them so that they would explode, and catch an enemy off guard. Konan's ultimate technique is the Paper Person of God Technique, which can split a large lake.[13] The technique contained six hundred billion explosive tags that would explode for a full ten minutes, which forced Tobi to use Izanagi to survive since his intangibility only lasts for five minutes.[14]
Konan has been shown to be able to produce and fold enough paper to mimic environmental surroundings, allowing her and those of her choosing to hide in places one normally wouldn't be able to.[15] Konan's favoured origami form are flowers; she wears one in her hair, gives a bouquet to Naruto as a sign of peace, and covers the bodies of Yahiko and Nagato in them.
Part I
Sasuke Retrieval Arc
At the end of Part I, Konan made a cameo appearance as a silhouette during an Akatsuki gathering where they discussed Orochimaru's taking of Sasuke Uchiha, as well as the capturing of the Nine-Tails and the furthering of their plans.
Part II
She was present alongside the other Akatsuki members during most of their meetings. She is a quiet and taciturn person by nature, and didn't say a word during the meetings and sealing rituals. However, her silhouette was shown when Pain mentioned the reason for her affiliation with Akatsuki.
Kazekage Rescue Arc
Konan along with the other Akatsuki appeared whilst extracting Shukaku from Gaara.
Hidan and Kakuzu Arc
Konan was seen during the sealing the Two-Tails from Yugito.
Itachi Pursuit Arc
Konan appeared when she told her partner, Nagato, that Tobi had arrived. After Tobi left, she knew that something that the latter said had upset Nagato. When Jiraiya infiltrated Amegakure, Pain stopped the rain and had Konan scour the village in search of him by splitting into numerous paper butterflies. After locating the intruder, she informed Pain and then engaged him in battle until Pain could arrive. She attacked Jiraiya with a swarm of paper and created a paper spear, but the Sannin noticed the attack and deflected it using his Toad Fire Technique, driving her back. Jiraiya recognised her and complimented her on her power and beauty, commenting that she had become "one hell of a woman".
As they fought, Jiraiya countered her paper techniques with an oil-based attack and immobilised her with his elongated hair, but she was saved when Pain appeared to wash the oil away. She regrouped with him after he had killed Jiraiya.
Tsuchigumo Kinjutsu Arc
Main article: Tsuchigumo Kinjutsu Arc After Utakata was captured, Konan, along with the other Akatsuki members extracted the Six-Tails from him.
Invasion of Pain Arc
Konan later accompanied Pain during his attack on Konoha. When they arrived, they swiftly eliminated a patrol of Konoha-nin, with Pain giving Konan orders to spare no-one. She was shown asking the Konoha shinobi if they knew the whereabouts of Naruto Uzumaki as they were trapped in her paper. The shinobi were saved by the Aburame clan's kikaichū.
In the anime, she then engaged in a short battle against Shino, his father, and few other Aburame clan members. After Shino stated he would not go easy on her, he sent his swarm of bugs to surround her. Konan blew the bugs away with ease with a paper explosion, disappearing in the process. The Aburame members looked up to find that Konan had created dozens of Paper Clones, which then jumped down for their assault. The kikaichū were then sent to attack the paper clones, but Konan had hidden explosive tags within them and they exploded on contact. Through the fire caused by the explosions, the real Konan was seen walking towards Shino and his clan members, doused in water. Shino's father commented on her power and quick thinking, using "her natural weakness as an advantage" and warned Shino to be careful.
Konan was called back shortly after she started to battle them, only to discover Pain had decided to use one of his most dangerous techniques. Concerned for his health, she begged him to stop using the technique, to no avail. Pain clearly had his mind made up, and continued to use the technique on a massive scale.
After consulting with Pain about the use of his technique, she was shown departing, stating she would look after him from now on. She then dispersed her Paper Clone and remained with Nagato for the rest of the invasion, constantly asking that he not overexert himself. When Naruto later found their location, she attempted to keep him from Nagato, but Nagato told her to step aside. She did as he asked, and listened to their conversation, but remained concerned about Nagato's condition. When Naruto led Nagato to having a change of heart and he decided to revive the people of Konoha, Konan realised that doing so would cost him his life. Knowing she couldn't stop him, however, she only marvelled at Naruto's ability to change others.
When all of the Konoha ninja were revived, Konan, like Nagato, entrusted the task of finding peace to Naruto. She wrapped Nagato and the Deva Path dead bodies in her paper to take them with her to Amegakure. When asked by Naruto if she would return to Akatsuki, she said that she was through with the organisation, as Nagato and Yahiko had meant everything to her, and now she and her village would help Naruto accomplish their dream of bringing peace to the world. She gave him a bouquet of paper flowers to symbolise a truce and wished that they would become "flowers of hope that never die" for him.
Confining the Jinchūriki Arc
Tobi infiltrates Amegakure and is immediately confronted by Konan. He asks her where to find Nagato's corpse so that he can take his Rinnegan. She refuses to tell him, instead informing him that she has been waiting for him and intends to personally stop him. Before they begin fighting, Tobi asks why she and Nagato would betray Akatsuki. Konan replied that Naruto was the embodiment of light that gave everyone the flower of hope.
She attacked Tobi with Paper Shuriken but they passed right through his intangible body. She then enveloped him in her dissipated paper form mixed with explosive tags, planning to kill them both. Tobi saves them by warping most of the explosion away, at the cost of his right arm and having a part of his mask broken. Tobi applauds her determination, to which Konan responds by vowing to destroy him, the "darkness" where flowers can do nothing but wilt and die. Konan then divides the lake, revealing an abyss of paper and as Tobi helplessly falls into it, she detonates the six hundred billion explosive tags that she had placed there that would last over a period of ten minutes, longer than the five-minute period that Tobi can remain intangible for.
When the explosions ceased, Konan collapsed, exhausted, but believed the battle won. At the same time, some of the paper flowers at Nagato and Yahiko's shrine fall apart. Tobi, however, quickly appeared behind her and stabbed her with a pipe, revealing that he had survived her assault with Izanagi at the cost of his left eye. Konan freed herself, and prepared to attack again, but before she did so, the endless rains over Ame stopped for the first time, surprising Konan and Tobi. Seeing this as a sign of Nagato's will, Konan proclaimed that she would be a support that held up the bridge that lead to peace. Taking up the mantle of "darkness" that crushes the light, Tobi grabbed her by the throat, dispelling an attack she had been preparing and places her under a genjutsu to force her to reveal Nagato's location. He added that she will die when the illusion ends.[16]
In the anime, Konan was able to attack Tobi just before he grabbed her by the throat. Her attack, however, was unable to stop him.
Konan's body was left floating in the water.[17] One of her blood-soaked sheets of paper is blown to the Ame Orphans' old hideout and came to rest on her "Hop-In" card, signifying a promise that the three had made to return there one day before leaving.
Video Games
Konan is a playable character in the following video games:
|Game name
|Japanese release
|English release
|Naruto Shippūden: Shinobi Rumble
|22 April 2010
|8 February 2011
|Naruto Shippūden: Ultimate Ninja Heroes 3
|10 December 2009
|11 May 2010
|Naruto Shippūden: Ultimate Ninja Impact
|20 October 2011
|18 October 2011
|Naruto Shippūden: Ultimate Ninja Storm 2
|21 October 2010
|19 October 2010
|Naruto Shippūden: Ultimate Ninja Storm 3
|18 April 2013
|5 March 2013
|Naruto Shippūden: Ultimate Ninja Storm 4
|4 February 2016
|9 February 2016
|Naruto Shippūden: Ultimate Ninja Storm Generations
|23 February 2012
|13 March 2012
|Naruto Shippūden: Ultimate Ninja Storm Revolution
|11 September 2014
|16 September 2014
Creation and Conception
In Naruto Hiden: Sha no Sho Character Official Data Book, Masashi Kishimoto revealed that he'd always planned for Konan to be the only female member of Akatsuki, and, for that reason, gave her quite a revealing design. He jokingly comments that "she's obscene, but she still wears clothes, although her Akatsuki mantle covers it up, and she turns into paper right away". In the concept artwork, her navel is also shown to be pierced.
- Konan's name means "little south".
- Even though she was an Akatsuki member, Konan (like Nagato) was never a missing-nin, since their faction achieved victory in the Amegakure civil wars.
- Konan shares her birthday and blood type with Yahiko.
- According to the databook(s):
- Konan's hobbies were origami and flower pressing.
- Konan's favourite food was flame-broiled fish, while she disliked karaage.
- She would fight anyone who opposes "God".
- Konan's favourite word was "Order" (秩序, chitsujo).
- Konan had completed 341 official missions in total: 0 D-rank, 65 C-rank, 161 B-rank, 85 A-rank and 30 S-rank.
- (To Yahiko and Nagato) "Yahiko and Nagato… I will be the support that holds both our bridges up!"[18]
- (To Jiraiya) "You have no idea what happened to us after you left, sensei."[19]
- (To Jiraiya) "I have received the will of god and I must kill you."[20]
- (To Jiraiya) "That time, you should have listened to what Orochimaru said, but you saved us instead. Now, it's too late as we act to make his plans a reality."[21]
- (To Naruto) "Nagato believed in you, so I believe in you, too."[22]
- (To Naruto) "This time… I hope for you these will be flowers of hope that never die."[23]
- (To Tobi) "I knew you'd come find me eventually. I've been waiting for my chance to destroy you."[24]
- (To Tobi about Naruto) "He is light personified. That's why everyone he meets… carries the flower called hope!"[25]
- (To Tobi) "Yahiko founded the Akatsuki. The red clouds on these robes we wear… represent the wars that rained blood upon Amegakure. You merely jumped in our bandwagon. These robes are our legacy, not yours. The Rinnegan is something that Amegakure shinobi Nagato awakened on his own, and it does not belong to you! His eyes are this nation and village's greatest treasure!!"[26]
- (To Tobi) "One question… Madara. Do you understand why we betrayed you? Because you are darkness, a world without light where flowers can only wither and die!"[10]
- (To Tobi) "Yahiko and Nagato did what they wanted to do. They were never your pawns! No matter what happened to them, they both fought for their own ideals! And that's why their will has been passed down! I won't let you ruin it!"[27]
- (To Tobi) "Yahiko and Nagato's will hasn't vanished from this world! I believe in Naruto too! He… He will become the bridge that leads us to peace and I will be a support holding the bridge up!"[28]
- ↑ Third Databook, pages 74-75
- ↑ Fourth Databook, pages 96-97
- ↑ Chapter 372, page 2
- ↑ Naruto chapter 372, page 9
- ↑ Naruto chapter 372, pages 10-12
- ↑ Naruto chapter 511, pages 6-8
- ↑ Naruto chapter 511, pages 12-15
- ↑ Naruto chapter 607, pages 1-5
- ↑ Naruto chapter 511, pages 11-12
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Naruto chapter 509, pages 15-16
- ↑ Naruto chapter 510, page 10
- ↑ Naruto: Shippūden episode 128
- ↑ Naruto chapter 509, page 17
- ↑ Naruto chapter 510, pages 3-10
- ↑ Naruto chapter 441, page 14
- ↑ Naruto chapter 510, page 16
- ↑ Naruto chapter 511, page 5
- ↑ Naruto chapter 509, page 13
- ↑ Naruto chapter 373, page 15
- ↑ Naruto chapter 372, pages 4-5
- ↑ Naruto chapter 372, page 8
- ↑ Naruto chapter 449, page 15
- ↑ Naruto chapter 449, page 16
- ↑ Naruto chapter 508, page 17
- ↑ Naruto chapter 509, pages 1-2
- ↑ Naruto chapter 509, pages 2-3
- ↑ Naruto chapter 510, pages 5-6
- ↑ Naruto chapter 510, page 15


text:
There's still some time to have input on the MEMS programs at this summer's SEMICON West! SEMICON West is July 12-14 this year, in San Francisco as always. Deadline for abstracts for presentations is March 15.
The main Tuesday morning MEMS TechXpot session will focus on issues of industry structure and enabling new device technologies. Global Foundries will be giving its take on what CMOS learnings bring to volume MEMS production, Yole Développement will be speaking on trends in industry structural and manufacturing technology, Sand9 will present on CSP technology extending MEMS oscillator performance to wireless applications, and we have even more exciting news to announce soon!
Target speakers for the remaining speaking slots include specialty MEMS foundries on their solutions for faster time to market and ramping volumes for consumer markets, and device makers with innovative integration technology solutions that enable new device capabilities.
The packaging TechXpot session on 3D heterogeneous integration Wednesday afternoon also has opportunities for the MEMS supply chain to talk about their widely applicable packaging technology for stacking different kinds of chips. Organizers are planning a panel on supply chain collaboration, and are recruiting speakers from all parts of the value chain.
Interested speakers can submit abstracts online at http://semiconwest.org/Participate/SPCFP/, or contact Paula Doe (email@example.com) for more information.


text:
If your daughter dreams of one day becoming a doctor, then this Girls Doc McStuffins Tutu Deluxe Kids Costume is the perfect start to dress like one. This deluxe kids costume comes with a dress and tutu with the attached white jacket and a headband. In the TV show Doc McStuffins, Dottie gets the nickname "Doc" because she wants to become a doctor just like her mother and learn everything there is to know about being a doctor. To become a doctor, she practices fixing her toys and when she puts on her stethoscope her toys and stuffed animals magically come to life. When they come to life, Doc is able to communicate with them and checks their illnesses with her Big Book of Boo Boos. With a little help from her friends, Doc is able to make the toys feel better. This Halloween, all of her doctor dreams will come true when she steps into this Girls Doc McStuffins Tutu Deluxe Kids Costume.
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text:
kimmy_m1986Follow kimmy_m1986
30-year-old Female living in Bell Park, Victoria Australia
Hey my name's Kimberly and I love to travel! Went to Europe for 6 weeks in 2009 and did the Vietnam Explorer in 2010. I will be making my way to Europe again in June before heading to the USA later this year. So excited!
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text:
Area: It is Frozen Queen's Chamber from Ice Castle.
Monsters: There are Marionettes and Frozen Queen.
Marionette -
Drops: Straw, Snowball, Resin, Clay-Slate Stone, Jade.
Frozen Queen - Steel, Catfish Spicy Soup, Water Stone, Black Stone, Blue Stone Piece.
Quests: Meriel's quest contains killing marionettes, so does Jean's quest and a Title quest for "Puppet Controller"
This area is good for collecting snowballs and straws, also if capture level is high enough the area is good for training it. In area there is a Boss - Frozen Queen, she spawns once in hour.


text:
25 U.S. Code § 2006 - Bureau of Indian Affairs education functions
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(a) Formulation and establishment of policy and procedure; supervision of programs and expenditures
The Secretary shall vest in the Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs all functions with respect to formulation and establishment of policy and procedure and supervision of programs and expenditures of Federal funds for the purpose of Indian education administered by the Bureau. The Assistant Secretary shall carry out such functions through the Director of the Office of Indian Education Programs.
(b) Direction and supervision of personnel operations
(1) In general
Not later than 180 days after January 8, 2002, the Director of the Office shall direct and supervise the operations of all personnel directly and substantially involved in the provision of education program services by the Bureau, including school or institution custodial or maintenance personnel, and personnel responsible for contracting, procurement, and finance functions connected with school operation programs.
(c) Inherent Federal function
For purposes of this Act, all functions relating to education that are located at the Area or Agency level and performed by an education line officer shall be subject to contract under the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act [25 U.S.C. 450 et seq.], unless determined by the Secretary to be inherently Federal functions as defined in section 2021 (12) of this title.
(d) Evaluation of programs; services and support functions; technical and coordinating assistance
Education personnel who are under the direction and supervision of the Director of the Office of Indian Education Programs in accordance with subsection (b)(1) of this section shall—
(2) provide all services and support functions for education programs with respect to personnel matters involving staffing actions and functions; and
(e) Construction, improvement, operation, and maintenance of facilities
(1) Plan for construction
The Assistant Secretary shall submit as part of the annual budget a plan—
(B) for establishing priorities among projects and for the improvement and repair of educational facilities, which together shall form the basis for the distribution of appropriated funds; and
(2) Program for operation and maintenance
(A) Establishment
The Assistant Secretary shall establish a program, including the distribution of appropriated funds, for the operation and maintenance of education facilities. Such program shall include—
(iii) a notice of an allocation of appropriated funds from the Director of the Office of Indian Education Programs directly to the education line officers and appropriate school officials;
(iv) a method for determining the need for, and priority of, facilities repair and maintenance projects, both major and minor (to be determined, through the conduct by the Assistant Secretary, of a series of meetings at the agency and area level with representatives of the Bureau-funded schools in those areas and agencies to receive comment on the lists and prioritization of such projects); and
(B) Local supervisors
The appropriate education line officers shall make arrangements for the maintenance of education facilities with the local supervisors of the Bureau maintenance personnel. The local supervisors of Bureau maintenance personnel shall take appropriate action to implement the decisions made by the appropriate education line officers, except that no funds under this chapter may be authorized for expenditure unless such appropriate education line officer is assured that the necessary maintenance has been, or will be, provided in a reasonable manner.
(f) Acceptance of gifts and bequests
(1) Guidelines
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Director of the Office shall promulgate guidelines for the establishment and administration of mechanisms for the acceptance of gifts and bequests for the use and benefit of particular schools or designated Bureau-operated education programs, including, in appropriate cases, the establishment and administration of trust funds.
(2) Monitoring and reports
Except as provided in paragraph (3), in a case in which a Bureau-operated education program is the beneficiary of such a gift or bequest, the Director shall—
Source(Pub. L. 95–561, title XI, § 1126, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title X, § 1042,Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 2026.)
References in Text
This Act, referred to in subsec. (c), means Pub. L. 95–561, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2143, as amended, known as the Education Amendments of 1978. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1978 Amendment note set out under section 6301 of Title 20, Education, and Tables.
The Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act, referred to in subsec. (c), is Pub. L. 93–638, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2203, as amended, which is classified principally to subchapter II (§ 450 et seq.) of chapter 14 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 450 of this title and Tables.
Prior Provisions
A prior section 2006,Pub. L. 95–561, title XI, § 1126, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title III, § 381,Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3988, related to Bureau of Indian Affairs education functions, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.
Another prior section 2006,Pub. L. 95–561, title XI, § 1126,Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2319; Pub. L. 96–46, § 2(b)(6),Aug. 6, 1979, 93 Stat. 341; Pub. L. 98–511, title V, § 504,Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2393; Pub. L. 99–89, § 4,Aug. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 381; Pub. L. 100–427, § 1(c)(3),Sept. 9, 1988, 102 Stat. 1603, related to Bureau of Indian Affairs education functions, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 103–382.
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


text:
Collection of Climate and Energy Educational Resources
The CLEAN Collection is a hand-picked and rigorously reviewed collection of educational resources aligned with the Climate Literacy and the Energy Literacy frameworks, and the Next Generation Science Standards.
The review process engages scientists and educators in vetting each resource for scientific accuracy, pedagogic effectiveness and useability.Help
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- 3.1 The Sun is major source of energy for organisms and ecosystems 1 match The Sun is the major source of energy for organisms and the ecosystems of which they are a part.
- 3.2 Food is a biofuel 4 matches Food is a biofuel used by organisms to acquire energy for internal living processes.
- 3.3 Continual input of energy is needed 1 match Energy available to do useful work decreases as it is transferred from organism to organism.
- 3.4 Energy flows through food webs 4 matches Energy flows through food webs in one direction, from producers to consumers and decomposers.
- 3.5 Ecosystems are affected by availability of energy. 4 matches Ecosystems are affected by changes in the availability of energy and matter.
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Using a mass balance model to understand carbon dioxide and its connection to global warming
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text:
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As for Itachi and Sasuke's genjutsu battle, they both just stood there as they both tried to sway the genjutsu in their favor. It wasn't a matter of seconds, it was like a couple of minutes. It took a couple chapters in fact.
So 1v1 Tobi takes it. Itachi doesn't have a good enough counter to Tobi's jutsus, or a way to even hurt him really. He will just wait him out until he's blind.


text:
Charleston Gay Men's Chorale finds it voice(s)
"A Winter Tapestry"
Charleston Gay Men's Chorale
WHEN: 7 p.m. Saturday
WHERE: Bream Memorial Presbyterian Church, 317 Washington St.
ADMISSION: Free, donations accepted
INFO: facebook.com/CharlestonGayMensChorale CHARLESTON, W.Va. -- The Charleston Gay Men's Chorale made its debut in June at the West Virginia Pride Festival. The rapid harmonic progress the group has undergone will be on full display at a Saturday concert of multicultural holiday music.
"I never dreamed in less than a year it would have taken off to this point," said chorale director and founder Billy Burdette.
The group, which features 18 singers led by Burdette along with a piano accompanist, presents "A Winter Tapestry" at 7 p.m. Saturday at Bream Memorial Presbyterian Church, 317 Washington St.
The chorale will perform a blend of African, English and American selections, including an American folk tune, traditional Christmas songs, a Hanukkah piece and some songs with the audience.
The group represents a kind of a benchmark for how far the gay men's community in Charleston has come, Burdette said.
"The big idea behind this -- and we do have a mission statement -- was to be a positive light on the gay community as a whole, to overcome some of the stereotypes that folks think about the gay community."
The chorale was also a way for Burdette to get back to doing what he loves after returning to West Virginia to be closer to his family. Burdette, a music teacher who taught for years in Virginia, had made a career change into educational non-profit work. Then, in August, the 33-year-old took a job as a school chorus leader and music teacher in the area.
He wanted to put some live performance back into his own Charleston existence.
"I was missing the musical aspect of his life. I decided we needed to -- I needed to, really -- start something that could feed that side of myself," he said.
He noted the several choral groups that existed already around town and then had his big idea. "Most larger cities have a gay chorus or choir. Being a gay man, I thought, hey, there's an outlet," said Burdette.
The group has come along quickly.
And that mission statement? Here it is:
"The mission of the Charleston Gay Men's Chorale is to present quality entertainment, provide an opportunity for wholesome social interaction for our members, and portray, through eclectic performances, a positive image that will honor and uplift the gay community and affirm the worth of all people."
The president of the group, Michael Hill, studied voice at Marshall University and himself had not performed since moving back to West Virginia about five years ago. The group, whose members range in age from 19 to 62, offers a chance for a wide age range of experienced male singers to show the power of massed voices.
"We want to be able to appeal to everyone. We're very, very amazed at the reception we've received so far," said Hill.
Saturday's concert will also feature American Sign Language interpreter Caroline Starr. A meet-and-greet with chorale members will follow the performance.
Admission is free, but donations are appreciated. The group is moving towards 501c3 status as a non-profit, with high hopes for a long life in the community.
"The chorale is still very new," said Burdette. "We're building our fan base and are always open to exploring fundraising opportunities and sponsorships."
The chorale takes a free-ranging approach to genres, courtesy of Burdette's own eclectic interests as well as suggestions from others, he said.
"We kind of run the gamut. We don't have a special genre. We don't just do pop music arranged for choral groups. We do a little pop, traditional choral stuff. We do some spirituals. There's really not one type of music we choose."
Reach Douglas Imbrogno at email@example.com or 304-348-3017.