text:
(Refrigerator Only)
refrigerators are small space-saving units perfect for a dorm room, office, or bar. They typically aren't built with more than 6 cu. ft. of internal space.
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Full Size
refrigerators offer the most internal refrigeration space. These are usually found in a typical full sized kitchen and are extremely popular. Buy a full sized refrigerator when a compact or apartment refrigerator is too small. Be sure to check your kitchen measurements to ensure a proper fit.
Shop Refrigerator Only Products


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Make the switch from Windows to Mac. Learn about the similarities and differences between the two operating systems, and find out how to transfer files from a Windows 10 PC to Mac.
Take the rich features and productivity power of Word, Excel, and PowerPoint on the go with Office for iPad and iPhone.
Get the most out of your iPhone or iPad. Learn everything you could ever want to know about iOS 9, Apple's operating system for the iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.
Keep your documents, apps, contacts, and more synchronized and secure across multiple devices and computers—Windows and Mac alike—with iCloud.
Explore all the essential features of El Capitan, Apple's Mac OS X 10.11 operating system.
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Learn how to strike the right tone in emails, text messages, and phone calls; include the right information; and understand what communication method to use when.
Quickly get up to speed with Apple Watch, the first wearable technology from Apple.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Watching the Celtics try to bring the ball up the court during the last four games should be prove beyond a doubt that Rondo is essential to their team. I have never seen such inept ballhandling by the Celtics. Bradley is a combo guard who while he may improve he will be limited. Courtenay Lee does not even play and this team appears incapable of setting up on offense.
Rondo had fallen into some bad habits but with any doubt he was essential to this team and they have floundered incredibly the last month or so. Next year there is no way to predict what will happen other than to say you won't be able to pick on Rondo because you have seen how bad they are without him.


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To be an American in Paris is a storied role—Ernest Hemingway drank his part, Josephine Baker danced her way through, Nina Simone and Jim Morrison sang for theirs. While André Leon Talley may not have moved to the City of Lights, he has marked the history books and the Parisian capital with a fashion exhibition currently housed in the legendary expat Mona Bismarck's American Center (through September 22). Titled The Little Black Dress, the show presents a panoply of the iconic silhouette—The takeaway? There's nothing little about it. Talley first debuted the curated selection in the museum of Savannah College of Art and Design (SCAD), the creative careers university of which he's been an active trustee for more than a decade.
Talley has contributed much to the culture landscape—his exacting eye and wit has served the pages of Vogue, surveyed the competition in America's Next Top Model and now he stands as the editor-at-large of Numéro Russia—but recently he has come into his own as a curator.
At SCAD, Talley is developing the museum's costume collection along with staging frequent exhibitions, a skill he picked up from his mentor Diana Vreeland. In addition to the Little Black Dress, Talley's retrospective of his close friend Antonio Lopez now hangs in the art school's Lacoste, Provence, location (a medieval town completely restored by the college alongside its other famous resident, Pierre Cardin). Both shows, capsules of refined taste, owe their lens to Talley, his tight friendships and his current quest of preserving beauty. During the Paris collections last week, against the backdrop of the stunning Shangri-La Hotel, V sat down for a cup of chocolat chaud with the larger-than-life tastemaker (literally at 6 foot 5, in his own version of a LBD: a floor-length Ralph Rucci caftan) to unlock a few secrets of being fabulous.
You have said, "Life needs to be edited…" "You need to be edited…" heck, everyone needs to be edited; so I was curious: What's the difference, to you, between editing and curating?
André Leon Talley Editing is eliminating by the process that there's too much—eliminating a word that is not needed, the structure of the sentence isn't perhaps correct. It's a logical process that reality demands; for instance in an article, you have a 1500 line count and there are 2000 words, that needs to be scarified. Editing does that because it's done objectively.
Curating is more subjective, you can have your own point of view about things. In the show Little Black Dress, I put a ruby red skirt and navy shirt from Mica Ertegün and that suggests to me a very rational thought, because when she selected that dress as an ensemble from Oscar De La Renta, she was going to a black tie dinner and said "I don't want be in a black dress because that's what everyone else will be in." So she approached that very formal idea of what she was wearing with color. Curating is different than editing because it's subjective and therefore you can make a point of view and create your own rules.
When you brought the Little Black Dress show to Paris, you had to edit it down.
ALT We cut about 30 some outfits, yes.
How did you approach that process?
ALT Well, I worked closely with Laurie Ann Farrell, the director of the SCAD Museum of Art and her associates, and we did the process over email and sent documents through the mail. We edited over a period of months, we would just do it over email or by phone because we already had the line-up of the show in Savannah. So it was very easy to edit out, particularly many of the day dresses, especially short knee length dresses because in Paris it was this space to address the elegance, the silhouettes, the drama that Paris would require in the great house of Mona Bismarck. The exhibit looked great at SCAD in the two galleries with Rachel Feinstein's coach (there would be no place to do that here in this house) but at the same time here, there was another kind of dimension that the fluidity of the show creates of a text to the viewer about the little black dress in different variations and juxtapositions, wherein the French person who has such a trained eye about style and couture can appreciate the contrast between Proenza Schouler's lace next to a Yves Saint Laurent couture dress, next to a Ricardo Tisci ball gown, next to something very modern in neoprene by ALEXEY, a Chanel ready-to-wear dress from the '80s but looks from the '20s, like a Gatsby shift. But editing was extraordinarily important.
Terron Schaefer of Saks once said his career started at Filene's by putting the beautiful shoes on the first floor and hiding the ugly shoes in the bowels of the store—a retail strategy that veers on the curatorial. How did you avoid the "department store" trappings in this show?
ALT You avoid the trappings by focusing on your game plan. I've rarely done window display in a department store—I have in the past for my friend Manolo Blahnik—but a window suggests commerciality to lure people into buying things. An exhibit is not trying to get you to buy things, you're trying to get someone to dream. Therefore, a dream attuned to your own senses, with the drama, the lighting, the placement, you can turn a mannequin just a little bit and it can suggest a dialogue, maybe one with a person who's not there or a girl seated in a cluster suggests that this is a crowded room at a party.
That's such a Vreeland idea.
ALT I could not have done this if I had not worked for Mrs. Vreeland. My first job in New York was being a volunteer to Mrs. Vreeland; I was young, she was my inspiration, my mentor, I worked on so many of the shows that she did. Even after I got my first job, I would go back to the museum. So she taught me how to do this and to put narration into clothes. It's easy to do if you've worked with Diana Vreeland.
I'm curious about the red you used in the exhibition both in Paris and in SCAD.
ALT I've always loved red; of course Mrs. Vreeland loved the color (her whole apartment was red). So the color comes from her carpet, I tried to get that color. Actually, it took a while to get the red right. The red is supposed to be one that has a lot of orange in it, like the one in Savannah, but there were many ones here that were too bright, too orange, too red. So I found down a fabric in the store inventory of a friend of mine, Rita Watnick in California, and she a bolt of it rolled up on a sewing table. So, I sent that swatch.
I was also curious about the younger designers that you featured in the show, for example Cushnie et Ochs.
ALT They are two young girls who are exceptional—I love their innovativeness, their sense of style and modernity. I also love what Prabal Gurung does. That leather dress with cutouts worn by Sarah Jessica Parker is marvelous. I love Zac Posen, Joseph Altuzarra is wonderful too. They all do amazing things. It's not just about the giants and the big masters.
And your placement of the dresses obviously creates a dialogue, so explain to me a bit about that.
ALT You have to draw similarities in certain spaces — if you have two lace dresses, you should at some point try to connect them in the space for the person who's looking at it and not just throw lace right at them. But if you have two girls on a bench, and one has epuilled lace and the other has tulle tangled with lace, that makes a suggestion that this is a thing about lace. Two big tulle dresses [like the Oscar de la Renta and Vera Wang gowns] should be near each other but not next to each other. The day of the LBD opening, I was moving things until 5 o'clock—I pushed Cushnie et Ochs over to Vera Wang, because there was no dialogue between the woman standing up and the Vera sitting there all by herself. You have to make a connection, a logical theme in your mind.
Both of your SCAD shows are so personal; Little Black Dress is based around a theme, and the Antonio Lopez is much more of a retrospective.
ALT Through remembering Antonio's work and knowing him, having gone through his archives… It was difficult, we had beautiful things and had to take them down to 50—I had near 90 examples of his great work, I knew him—but the space demands. If I could have had two galleries worth of Antonio's work, I would have done it. I spent time thinking "Will this connect to the SCAD student?" "Will this connect to the viewer?" and there were some things that were totally fabulous but perhaps too erotic. You just have to look at everything, and after the second or third time, you'll know what goes or this stay, or you move something there or you don't move it all.
Are you going to go to Lacoste to see the Lopez show?
ALT I'm not coming to Lacoste ever!
Oh, why?
ALT I've heard there are scorpions there. And there's no way I'll be going down cobble stone streets! I don't do Provence.
Where do you go?
ALT I go to places where I'm treated with respect and taken care of. I go to Regensburg, Germany, with my friend Gloria Von Thurn und Taxis, who has a house at a lake. I have not seen insects there. I may have seen a few spider webs, but that's it!
Well, it's a good thing you're based in New York.
ALT Oh, I have many things in my house that I haven't seen!
Sign of a true New Yorker! Tell me a great memory of you and Antonio.
ALT Antonio was an exceptional human being, a man of great style with marvelous skills, and a true genius of his craft, a superb dresser. We'd start working at 2 o'clock in the afternoon and go through 'til 4 o'clock in the morning. One of my greatest memories was he took me to meet Charles James. I was not in New York when he died, in October of '78, I was in Paris at the collections, but I used to go on Sundays with Antonio and Juan [Ramos] to church in Harlem and then I would go down to Mr. James' apartment in the Chelsea Hotel and watch Antonio sketch clothes of Charles James sometimes on boys and sometimes on girls. At a certain point, Antonio loved to sketch his designs on boys because they had the thin anatomy that even a model wouldn't have because Mr. James' things were so architectural. It was a marathon of knowledge. Antonio introduced me to Mr. James, which was a great privilege because he was by then already in retirement. Actually, it's going to be an exhibit next year at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Are you working on that?
ALT I was planning to do that exhibit at SCAD if I had found the money, but once I found out it was going to be the Metropolitan, I had to drop the idea. I'm not Anna Wintour—these things cost money and are expensive.
What exhibitions are you working on next?
ALT I am working on the idea, again, based on my personal experiences of who in my life are well dressed. All these clothes [in Little Black Dress] came mostly from my friends, like Ann Bass who I remember wearing the YSL, and Gloria's Chanel, I remember her wearing that one too. So I just call up my friends or the designers and ask to send one of their client's clothes. So, I'm thinking about doing something highly personal called "Women of Style"—modern women of style, not dead women of style. But I'm not doing anything until I have the money.
Speaking of money, how is everything going at Numéro?
ALT Very wonderful, creatively magical! I'm responsible for covers, choice and one or two big fashion stories every issue. I have four issues under my belt, and so far it's been marvelous. I love it very much. I hope it gets distributed in America because nobody sees it and I don't get enough issues to send it out to everyone!
Well, rumor has it you're going to be the next Andy Cohen.
ALT No, I don't think that's true. But I admire what he does, he's an extraordinary man, he's very talented, dashing and debonair. Andy has done great things for what he has done, which is to create a brand. My deal is not to be the next Andy Cohen and is not even in its set stage; it's in its incubating stage. So I have nothing to report. If it doesn't happen, I'll be fine too.
Since you just described Andy in all those wonderful adjectives, how would you describe yourself?
ALT A very hard-working person. I hope that I'm appreciated. I work very hard and give a lot of myself. I basically don't have a personal life, I have very little time to see my friends—I don't even have time to talk to my friends on the telephone, I'm so tired! Even so, I think I'm a very warm person, a giving person, and loving person to people in my life.
I'm very proud of the Mona Bismarck exhibition. When you sit back to think, Paris really is a tough call. I'm here the week of couture, Dior, Chanel, Lacroix, Schiaparelli, Valentino—these are things I've grown up with and suddenly I've come full circle by doing an exhibit in the Mona Bismarck, the house and legacy that is something so big in fashion, and a special place in Paris. I've read mostly everything you can read about Mona Bismarck; I've seen her clothes at the Metropolitan, with Mrs. Vreeland when she donated many of her Balenciagas; I've seen her bills, like for her furs from Paris, in the Museum of the City of New York, and I look up at her famous house up on the corner, so it's a lot of take in.
images courtesy scad


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Genealogy, local history and historical research in New England and other interesting places. Nutfield was the former land grant ................................. that is now the towns of Londonderry, Derry and Windham, New Hampshire.
Thursday, April 25, 2013
Hannah Dustin ~ A Heroine now suffering from neglect
10 comments:
Very interesting!ReplyDelete
A collateral relative on my Haycock side married one of her granddaughters. I have been fascinated by her story ever since. Thank you for adding her information to your blog!ReplyDelete
Sadly I haven't visited in the last few years. It is on my list for this year. I am a descendant as well from their daughter Hannah. When I was a child we would stop every Sunday at the monument for a picnic at the end of our Sunday Drive. "Looking for a Dirt Road" really meant we went to visit our elderly relatives in Sutton, New London area. We always found a new dirt road each week; had a picnic at the monument ending the day with ice cream in Boscowen. These were some of my favorite memories as a child.ReplyDelete
I have been there! It is quite neglected. I was there in the fall and saw some beautiful foliage. Samuel, the boy who escaped with her is my ancestor, and a few years ago I had a roommate who was Hannah's descendant. Interesting story.ReplyDelete
I'm a first cousins several times removed to Hannah too, and I'm very proud of her. Considering she was was being force-marched to be sold into slavery to French Canadians, and had seen her captors smash her baby's head against a tree, going Lizzie Borden on them to escape was justifiable. If the roles were reversed, this wouldn't even be a controversy.ReplyDelete
Enjoyed studying this, very good stuff.ReplyDelete
Thank you for posting this. She is my grandmother 11 times (I think) removed. I hope to be able to see her statues in person one day. I hate to think of this monument being vandalized.ReplyDelete
Thanks for an interesting post about Hannah Dustin. I just discovered that she's my 8th great-grandmother.ReplyDelete
My wife is related to Hannah on her fathers side Dustins he was bprn in Lynn Mass. One day I whant to take her there.She grew up in Fla and has never beenReplyDelete
My wife is related to Hannah Dustin on her fathers side Dustin of Lynn Mass I would like to take here there she has never seen it. She grew up in FlaReplyDelete


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Of Orcs and Men
Of Orcs and Men - Launch Trailer
This trailer unveils further details of the story, universe, and battles of Of Orcs and Men. Persecuted and slaughtered by the Empire of men for decades, the Orcs send their best warriors, the elite unit of the Bloodjaws, on a perilous mission deep into human territory. While this journey is certainly the most dangerous they will ever undertake, the Bloodjaw Arkaïl and his companion Styx will be able to count on precious yet unexpected help along the way. Discover today's video now and get one last preview of Arkaïl and Styx's quest, before the game releases this week!
Of Orcs and Men - Buddy Trailer
Just like the popular "Buddy Film" movie genre, which cast a pair of unlikely heroes who must band together, there are bound to be communication problems and hilarious moments. This is one of the original aspects of Of Orcs and Men. Indeed, the powerful and proud Orc warrior Arkaïl and the sly Goblin Styx don't have much in common, and when they butt heads it allows for some comic relief in an otherwise dark and violent adventure.
Of Orcs and Men - Behind the Music Production
Of Orcs and Men benefits from music composed by Olivier Deriviere (Alone in the Dark, Obscure) and performed by the talented Boston Cello Quartet, a quartet of cellists from the Boston Symphony Orchestra.
Of Orcs and Men - Summer Trailer
It unveils some of the many places you\'ll explore on your quest while playing as Arkaïl, a fearsome Orc warrior from the legendary legion of Bloodjaws, and Styx, a Goblin master of the assassin arts. Sent on a suicide mission at the heart of the Empire of Men, these two atypical heroes who don\'t otherwise get along will have to unite their efforts and skill to make their perilous mission a success: to assassinate the Emperor of Men himself.
Of Orcs and Men - E3 2012 Trailer
Thrown into a suicide mission aimed at putting an end to the decades-long war, our two heroes face opponents who are as merciless as they are numerous and meet potential allies who might be less than trustworthy. See the action, and more of the varied, detailed characters and environments, in the official E3 trailer of Of Orcs and Men!
Of Orcs and Men - Teaser Trailer #1
This video is the opportunity to discover more of this roleplaying game endowed with a strong identity and unique ambiance, and its two heroes: a powerful Orc, and a Goblin, that all opposes except for their skin color, which earned them to be hunted down by the soldiers of the Empire of Men.


text: While in the woods, have you ever watched a red-tailed hawk hunt? You'll notice that it perches high in the branches of trees, scanning the woods below for mice and small game. When it spots one, it takes flight, flaring its wings, and glides swiftly, silently to snatch its quarry from the ground. Using a treestand, a hunter can gain the same bird's-eye-view advantage enjoyed by a hawk in its treetop perch. But doing so requires great care. Unlike the hawk, hunters don't have wings or tail feathers to control their descent if they slip. And a falling hunter in the woods is anything but graceful.


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With housing for only nine students, Gilpatrick House offers a special environment promoting community with classmates who share the enthusiasm of doing individual research across all disciplines. Visit Gilpatrick on MyDenison to apply!
When it comes to solving national and international problems, researchers often must ask: Is this something that can actually be fixed?
Ideas for research projects come in all shapes and forms. It could be a class, conversation, or for summer scholar Emily Smith '15, watching a TV Land rerun.
The Gilpatrick Center for Student Research and Fellowships is the hub for programs that promote excellence in student research, cultivate the pursuit of post-graduate scholarships and fellowships, and train students in the best ways to apply for and acquire those awards.
Denisonians learn all over the world, some with prestigious scholarships applied for through our Gilpatrick Center for Student Research and Fellowships. Here students talk about their vastly different experiences—in Ohio, Great Britain, and Bangladesh.


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By Dwight Hobbes
Contributing Writer
It's said you can't change the world but you can do something about the few square feet you occupy. Try telling that to educator-motivational speaker Daphne Brown, who utilizes both practical life experience and academic education to make a difference for African American youth. Her full professional title, Daphne E. Brown, M.A., M.A., EDD (2014), and the fact that she's on the Upper Iowa University faculty needn't throw you off. A refreshingly accessible, down-to-earth take on empowering the young, Brown's thorough, enlightened curriculum is grounded in elemental nuts and bolts. "My concentration and dissertation," Brown states, "[is] dedicated to making [Black children] successful academically." There, of course, could not be a more crucial issue for Black America in general and Black Minnesota in particular. Continue Reading →


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Fujitsu 300GB 10K U320 68pin SCSI Hard Drive RoHS Compliant MAW3300NP / CA06550-B46300DL / 0DC962 / DC962 - Brand New OEM
Capacity: 300GB
Spindle Speed: 10,000RPM
Interface Type: SCSI 68pin HD68 Female
Disk Size: 3.5inx1.0in LFF Hard Drive
Sustained Throughput (MBps):
Average Seek Time (read/write ms): 4.5 / 5.0
Electrical Interface Speed: SCSI LVD U320 - 320MBps 16-bit
On-Board Cache: 8MB
* Large capacity: Massive capacity has been achieved through the development of head, media, signal processing technology, servo technology*1 as an element technology allowing up to to 11Gb/cm2 (75Gb/in 2) high density and up to 75GB*2 per disk, 300GB*2 per drive (4 disks) high capacity.* High Performance: Read Ahead Cache *3 and Write Reordering Cache *4 enable the drives to execute read and write operation in high speed.* High Reliability: On the fly ECC (Error Correction Code) and S.M.A.R.T *5 function enable the drives to improve the data reliability.* Silence: FDB spindle motor is incorporated for silent operation
DPNs: 0DC962 / DC962CA06550-B46300DL
This drive is compatible with all of our SCSI controllers:
Fujitsu MAW3300NP SCSI Hard Drives
Adaptec 29160 LVD SCSI Controllers
Fujitsu MAT3300NP SCSI Hard Drive
Dell 9M912 PERC 3DC 3/DC SCSI RAID Controller
Fujitsu MAW SCSI Hard Drive MAW3147NP
Adaptec 29160 LVD SCSI Controller


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Can someone please provide an up-to-date guide on how to setup a Facebook App linked to a Business Page to allow posting from an external website?
I have created a Website with Facebook Login App and I am using the JavaScript SDK to posting of content from our website to our Business Page.

<title>My Feed Dialog Page</title>

Post to Feed

FB.init({appId: "OURAPPID", status: true, cookie: true, frictionlessRequests: true});
function postToFeed() {
// calling the API ...
var obj = {
method: 'feed',
link: 'http://www.ourdoamin.com/test.jsp',
picture: 'http://www.ourdoamin.com/image.jpg',
name: 'Test Article',
caption: 'Here We GO',
description: 'This is a test.'
function callback(response) {
document.getElementById('msg').innerHTML = "Post ID: " + response['post_id'];
FB.ui(obj, callback);
When I click the Post to Feed link, I am presented with a dialogue box, the App is correctly identified in the Via field and if I enter a status and click Share, I receive a Post ID.
However, despite the app being correctly referenced and receiving a Post ID, the post actually appears on the Wall of the users account currently logged in and not the Business page.
I would prefer no login at all, just a straight post using the App to the Business Page and not a users individual account.
Can someone, please tell me where I am going wrong and how to correct this?


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May 6, 2016
Saturday marks three months since the deadly tornadoes devastated North Carolina. Greene County Middle School was severely damaged, and is preparing to go under construction.
Greene County Schools Superintendent Dr. Patrick Miller says crews plan to demolish the building. They plan on knocking down all the walls, keeping the foundation and about 80% of the structural steel in place. The goal is to have the overhauled building ready for class by December 2012.
The modular campus students will attend until then should be done in a few weeks, in time for the first day of school on August 25.
Officials have decided to repair Greene County Middle School after it was destroyed in the April 16th tornado outbreak.
Insurance adjusters and engineers have determined it will be faster to repair rather than rebuild, according to the Daily Reflector. Insurance will cover the $12 million price tag for all necessary repairs to the school, along with the cost of mobile classrooms.
Greene County's superintendent hopes to have the repaired middle school open during fall of 2012.
The school closed following the devastating storm, forcing students to attend Greene Central High School on a split schedule.
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text:
Angelica is daughter of Black Beard in the fourth installment of The Pirates of The Caribbean film franchise and is portrayed by Penelope Cruz. Our Prestige Angelica from Pirates of The Caribbean Costume is an eye catching ensemble that can be the highlight of any costume or film character dress up party. This fun outfit features black pants, a white ruffled false shirt front with an attached black faux leather corset, a paisley styled vest, a pirate's jacket, a belt with a buckle, boot tops, and a cute pirate hat with a feather accent. You can have a lot of fun wearing this costume out this Halloween so don't wait and order yours today.
Our Price: $79.99
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FORT WAYNE (www.incnow.tv) - With the start of fall high school football practice a little more than a month away, teams are using summer 7 on 7 work to be more prepared for it.
Several area teams were involved in tournaments over the weekend, and a five week once a week session at Homestead will be used by over ten area teams prior to the end of summer.
Coaches say it is a valuable tool to get their teams ready that was not available to them not too long ago.
For more on this story click on the video icon on the screen above.
What are your thoughts CLICK HERE to leave us a "QUESTION OF THE DAY" comment.
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text:
Fleur Delacour
this wiki
- Harry: "I'm sorry. I never meant you to have to deal with all of this."
- Fleur: "'Arry, you saved my sister's life. I do not forget."
- — Harry Potter and Fleur at Shell Cottage[src]
Fleur Isabelle Weasley (née Delacour) (born c. 1977) was a French, part-Veela witch, daughter of Monsieur and Apolline Delacour and elder sister of Gabrielle. Fleur attended Beauxbatons Academy of Magic in 1988. During the 1994 to 1995 school year, she was Beauxbatons' champion in the Triwizard Tournament. Fleur competed bravely, but the Tournament ended in tragedy with the murder of Cedric Diggory and the return of Lord Voldemort. In the following summer, Fleur took a part-time job at Gringotts Wizarding Bank to improve her English, and began dating co-worker Bill Weasley. The pair soon became engaged and Fleur stayed at the Burrow in the summer of 1996 to get to know Bill's family. Fleur arrived in the aftermath of the Battle of the Astronomy Tower in 1997; during which, her fiancé was badly injured by the werewolf Fenrir Greyback. The pair married in August of that year, although the wedding was disrupted by Death Eaters following the fall of the Ministry of Magic. Fleur and Bill set up their own home at Shell Cottage, and later assisted Harry Potter, Hermione Granger, and Ron Weasley with Dumbledore's quest following their escape from Malfoy Manor, mainly offering them room and board. Fleur fought alongside her husband during the Battle of Hogwarts in 1998. After the end of the Second Wizarding War, she and Bill had three children: Victoire, Dominique, and Louis Weasley.
Beauxbatons Academy of Magic
Fleur grew up in France, with her parents and sister, Gabrielle, and began attending the Beauxbatons Academy of Magic around 1988.
The Triwizard Tournament
In 1994, along with Beauxbatons Headmistress Madame Olympe Maxime and a dozen other Beauxbatons students, she travelled to Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry to enter the Triwizard Tournament. During the welcoming feast on October 30th, she laughed derisively during Albus Dumbledore's speech, and asked Ron Weasley to pass her the bouillabaisse.[2]
Fleur placed her name in the Goblet of Fire, and during the Halloween Feast, she was selected as the Beauxbatons Champion. While waiting for further instructions in a small room off the Great Hall, she learned that the Goblet of Fire had selected a fourth Champion—Harry Potter. At first, she thought that he had been sent to call the Champions back in the main hall. When Ludo Bagman told her what happened, she first thought he was joking, then was surprised and outraged that they were to let a "little boy" compete in the Tournament.[2] Prior to the First Task, Fleur took part in the Wand Weighing ceremony presided over by Mr. Ollivander, who considered her wand to be "inflexible". Fleur's entrance into the Tournament was overshadowed in the Daily Prophet due to Harry Potter's participation, and the only mention of her was in the last line of the article—and Rita Skeeter even spelled her name wrong.[2]
The First Task
- "You were the best, you know, no competition that Fleur girl tried this sort of charm, I think she was trying to put it into a trance; well, that kind of worked, too, it went all sleepy and this great jet of flame shot out, and her skirt caught fire; she put it out with a bit of water out of her wand."
- —Ron Weasley on Fleur's performance in the First Task[src]
Forewarned by Madame Maxime that the First Task would involve dragons, Fleur was resigned to facing that fact on November 24th. She drew the Common Welsh Green and the second turn. Facing her dragon after Cedric Diggory, she managed to lure it into a sleeping trance. However, the dragon snored and released a jet of flame that set her skirt on fire. Fleur extinguished the fire with water from her wand, then managed to retrieve the Golden egg.[2]
The Yule Ball and the Second Task
In the run-up to the Yule Ball, Fleur attempted to attract Cedric as a date, but he had already asked Cho Chang. Caught unaware by her Veela heritage, Ron Weasley spontaneously asked her to the ball. Suddenly aware of what he had done, he ran away before she could answer him. Finally, Fleur selected Ravenclaw Quidditch captain Roger Davies as her partner, who was completely helpless to her charms. Fleur and Roger, along with the other Champions and their partners, opened the dancing at the Yule Ball. As the night wore on, Fleur and Roger left for the gardens, sneaking into the rose bushes for a romantic engagement.[2]
On the 24th of February, Fleur participated in the Second Task. Having figured out the clue in the Golden egg and understanding the need to breathe underwater for an hour, she chose to use the Bubble-Head Charm. During the Task, she was attacked by Grindylows and was forced to retire. Back on dry land, she learned that her sister, Gabrielle, was the "hostage" that she had to rescue, and became increasingly concerned for her safety, and guilty at her own failure to rescue her. She was overjoyed when Harry, determined to rescue all the hostages, not just his own, returned to the surface with both Ron and Gabrielle. She thanked him and Ron profusely by giving them a kiss on each cheek, then, upon learning that she had been awarded twenty-five points, remarked that she deserved zero. After two tasks, Fleur was in last place going into the Third Task.[2]
The Third Task
Fleur joined the other Champions in viewing the beginnings of the maze for the Third Task on the site of the Hogwarts Quidditch pitch. On the day of the Third Task, Fleur was visited by her parents who had been invited to watch the final part of the Triwizard Tournament. She also laid eyes on Bill Weasley for the first time, and was immediately attracted to him.[2]
Being in last place, Fleur was to be last to enter the maze behind Harry, Cedric Diggory and Viktor Krum. However, due to the machinations of Barty Crouch Jr.—disguised, via Polyjuice Potion, as Alastor Moody—Fleur did not last long. Crouch wanted Harry to reach the Triwizard Cup so that he could be transported to meet with Lord Voldemort. To achieve this, he used Moody's magical eye to find Fleur in the maze, then stunned her.[2] Harry found her immobilised and being taken away by vines, and sent red sparks into the air.[7]
After the Triwizard Tournament and the murder of Cedric Diggory, Fleur attended the Leaving Feast at Hogwarts that served as a memorial to him. She left Hogwarts the day after, saying goodbye to Harry and telling him that she hoped they would meet again since she was hoping to return to England to work and improve her English.[2]
Working for Gringotts
- "Bill is very busy at ze moment, working very 'ard, and I only work part-time at Gringotts for my Eenglish, so he brought me 'ere for a few days to get to know 'is family properly. I was so pleased to 'ear you would be coming - zere isn't much to do 'ere, unless you like cooking and chickens!"
- —Fleur Delacour[src]
During the summer of 1995, Fleur secured a part-time job at Gringotts Wizarding Bank. She was reunited with Bill Weasley, who had returned from Egypt and taken a desk job to help the Order of the Phoenix, and the two began dating.[6] Fleur and Bill dated for a year, falling in love, until ultimately Bill proposed to her. Fleur accepted, and, in the summer of 1996, Bill brought Fleur to the Burrow so she could get to know his family. She was delighted to know that Harry was going to stay with the Weasleys' for the remainder of the summer. However, her blunt nature and critical attitude brought her into conflict with the female members of the Weasley family. Mrs. Weasley didn't care for her at all, believing that she was not the right choice for her son. Ginny disliked her for her general attitude towards everything; she gave Fleur the nickname "Phlegm," although she never openly used it in front of her. Still, Fleur was tolerated for Bill's sake. It may have been that her Veela ancestry interfered with the gender dynamics, as the male family members seemed to take no issue with her. She spent Christmas that year at the Burrow as well, further annoying Mrs. Weasley by stating her dislike of Celestina Warbeck, Mrs. Weasley's favourite singer.[8]
Second Wizarding War
Battle of the Astronomy Tower
In the June of 1997, during the Battle of the Astronomy Tower, Bill was savaged by the werewolf Fenrir Greyback, but fortunately not at full moon, so Bill did not become a werewolf. Fleur rushed to Hogwarts with Bill's parents, and was shaken by Bill's scarred face. However, Fleur railed at Mrs. Weasley's assumption that she would not now want to marry Bill since he was no longer attractive. Taking offense, she criticised both the idea that she would not wish to marry him out of vanity, and that his feelings may have changed towards her because of possible werewolf contamination. In fact, she took pride in his wounds as living proof of his bravery, and stated she didn't care about how he looked as she was beautiful enough for both of them. Mrs. Weasley, finally seeing that Fleur and Bill were truly in love, reconciled with her future daughter-in-law over Bill's hospital bed, and offered Fleur the use of her Aunt Muriel's goblin-made tiara for her wedding day. In the days following, Fleur took care of Bill as he recovered from his injuries, and attended the funeral of Albus Dumbledore.[8]
Battle over Little Whinging
- "Bah, Bill, don't look at me – I'm 'ideous."
- —Fleur to Bill after being disguised as Harry Potter[src]
On August 1st, 1997, Fleur and Bill were married at the Burrow. Ginny and Gabrielle were both bridesmaids. Fleur wore a simple white dress and Muriel's tiara. The celebration was overshadowed, though, by the news that the Ministry of Magic had fallen to Lord Voldemort, and that Rufus Scrimgeour was dead. Death Eaters, with the full power of the Ministry behind them, broke the protective spells surrounding The Burrow and Apparated into the reception. Fleur was questioned by them, along with the rest of the Weasley family, but was later free to go.[4]
Shell Cottage
- Harry: "I'm sorry. I never meant you to have to deal with all of this."
- Fleur: "'Arry, you saved my sister's life. I do not forget."
- — Harry Potter and Fleur at Shell Cottage[src]
Fleur and Bill set up their own home, Shell Cottage, and spent their first Christmas there together along with Bill's younger brother Ron, who had secretly come to stay with them after abandoning Harry and Hermione Granger on their Horcrux quest.[4]
Following Harry, Ron and Hermione's escape from Malfoy Manor, Fleur helped to look after them and their fellow escapees Dean Thomas, Luna Lovegood, Mr Ollivander and Griphook. She helped Hermione recover from the torture she suffered at the hands of Bellatrix Lestrange, and healed Griphook's legs with Skele-Gro. Over the course of the next few weeks, she looked after her unexpected guests, although she disliked Griphook. When Ollivander was well enough to be transferred to Aunt Muriel's, she asked him to take Muriel's tiara back with him as she never had a chance to return it after the wedding. Fleur expressed concern over Harry's plans to leave Shell Cottage on his quest, telling him it was better for him to stay where it was safe.[4]
Battle of Hogwarts
Alongside her husband and his family, Fleur answered Neville Longbottom's call to arms to fight in the Battle of Hogwarts against Lord Voldemort and his Death Eaters. During the tense reunion between Percy Weasley and his family, she led Harry and Remus Lupin in a side conversation regarding Lupin's son, Teddy, so they would not intrude. Fleur and Bill survived the battle, and she comforted her husband over the death of his brother Fred in battle.[4]
Later life
Following the war, Fleur and Bill had three children; Victoire[9], Dominique and Louis Weasley.[5]
Physical appearance
- "I'm telling you, that's not a normal girl! They don't make them like that at Hogwarts!"
- —Ron Weasley upon first seeing Fleur[src]
Due to her part-Veela heritage, Fleur was a breathtakingly beautiful Witch, and caught a good deal of attention from males. She was tall and willowy, with an air of grace that made her seem like she was gliding when she walking, and seemed to emanate a faint, silvery glow. She had long, waist-length hair of silvery blonde, large, deep blue eyes, and very white, even teeth.[2] Her beauty "usually dimmed everyone else by comparison," but on her wedding day, "it beautified everybody it fell upon."[4]
Ron Weasley (who would later become her brother-in-law) always stumbled or tried to get Fleur to kiss him on the cheek which Ginny Weasley and Hermione Granger were disgusted by and called "pathetic."
Personality and traits
- "She's as much a fairy princess as I am."
- —Barty Crouch Jr. (disguised as Alastor Moody) about Fleur[src]
Fleur had a very blunt nature, expressing herself in no uncertain terms. She often came across as arrogant and shallow, and spoke her mind. She was highly critical of unfamiliar things, and would make her feelings on any particular subject known, from the state of Hogwarts Christmas decorations,[2] to the way the English over-cook their meat.[8] However, she seemed to not realise her comments could be insulting to some. Fleur's attitude may have stemmed from her confident nature; only when she feared for her sister's life did she let her guard down.[2]
Fleur was very strong-willed and independent, as seen on numerous occasions. She fought to return to the water and save her sister Gabrielle after being attacked by Grindylows in the Second Task of the Triwizard Tournament. In 1997, after the Battle of the Astronomy Tower - when her fiance Bill Weasley was in the Hospital Wing - Fleur insisted on treating his wounds herself, taking the ointment from Molly Weasley.
Fleur could also be very warm and caring; she fretted over the safety of those she loved.[2] She also cried over the death of Alastor Moody following the flight from Little Whinging.[4] Fleur was also fiercely loyal. After Harry saved her sister from the lake during the Second Task of the Triwizard Tournament, her opinion of him changed immediately. She had seen him previously as nothing but a little boy, but came to see him as an equal.[2] During the summer of 1996 at The Burrow, she was genuinely pleased to see Harry when he arrived, and in the summer of 1997, volunteered to help escort Harry from 4 Privet Drive. She also allowed him to stay at her home, and even honoured his request that the Goblin, Griphook, be allowed to stay. While she played host to Harry, Hermione, Ron and the others at her home, Harry noticed she had become a lot more like her mother-in-law, Molly Weasley, in traits such as worrying and fussing in a motherly fashion over him and his friends.[4]
Magical abilities and skills
Fleur was a powerful and talented witch, as was evidenced by her selection as the Beauxbatons Champion by the Goblet of Fire. However, circumstances in the Tournament conspired against her, and she was unable to fully showcase her talents.[2]
- Veela attraction: As a quarter-Veela, Fleur has the ability to attract men. Although hers would not be as strong as that of a full Veela, it can overwhelm unsuspecting individuals when she decides to use it.
- Charms: Fleur seemed to be good with charms. During the First Task, she used both a sleeping enchantment and Aguamenti, and in the Second Task, she used a Bubble-Head Charm, all to good effect.
- Non-verbal magic: Fleur is capable of performing magic non-verbally as seen in numerous ocassions.
- Defence Against the Dark Arts/Duelling Skills: She is also a great duelist as proven during the Triwizard Tournament and her survival of the Battle Over Little Whinging and the Battle of Hogwarts.
- "You saved her even though she was not yours to save! My little sister! Thank you!"
- —Fleur after Harry saves Gabrielle in the Second Task.[src]
Fleur has a very close relationship with her sister, Gabrielle. During the Second Task of the Triwizard Tournament, Gabrielle was taken into the lake as the thing Fleur would sorely miss. After Harry Potter evidently saved Gabrielle's life by bringing her from the lake, Fleur warmed quite a bit to him, kissing him once on each cheek. At her wedding, Fleur made Gabrielle one of her bridemaids, along with Ginny Weasley.
Fleur's relationship with her parents is a good one; her mother Apolline was a half-Veela, while her father wasn't as good-looking as his wife. They participated at her wedding with Bill; they also became good friends with the Weasleys. After the Second Wizarding War, they had three grandchildren through Fleur.
Bill Weasley
- "You thought that I would not weesh to marry him? Or per'aps you hoped? What do I care how he looks? I am good-looking enough for both of us, I theenk! All these scars show is zat my husband is brave!"
- —Fleur Delacour after seeing Bill's badly-scarred face, insisting upon caring for his injuries[src]
Fleur first encountered Bill Weasley just prior to the Third Task of the Triwizard Tournament when he accompanied his mother to Hogwarts to support Harry Potter. She was attracted to him from the start, eyeing him from across the room while in the company of her parents.[2] In the summer of 1995, Fleur took a part time job with Gringotts to improve her English. Bill had taken a desk job at the bank so that he could assist the Order of the Phoenix, and the two began dating.[6] They had been dating for a year when Bill asked Fleur to marry him, and she accepted. Although his family—especially his mother and sister—were unimpressed by her, they accepted her when she showed how much she really loved Bill following his scarring at the hands of Fenrir Greyback in 1997.[8] They were married on August 1st, 1997, the same day that the Ministry of Magic fell to Lord Voldemort. Although their wedding was disrupted by Death Eaters, Fleur and Bill were allowed to go free and set up home in Shell Cottage.[8] Following the end of the Second Wizarding War, Fleur and Bill had three children; eldest to youngest, Victoire,[4]Dominique and Louis.[5]
Harry Potter
- "'Arry, you saved my sister's life, I do not forget."
- —Fleur to Harry Potter at Shell Cottage.[src]
In the beginning of their relationship, Fleur seemed to dislike Harry Potter, partially because she felt he was too young to participate in the Triwizard Tournament, and believing, like so many others, that he must have cheated his way in for personal glory. Her attitude toward him reversed completely after he rescued her sister from the lake in the second task of the tournament, despite her sister never being in any real danger.[2] While she stayed at the Burrow Harry seemed to be the only male who was unaffected by Fleur's Veela heritage, this is possibly due to the platonic relationship which developed after his saving her sister Gabrielle at the second task of the Triwizard Tournament. Eventually, she joined the Order of the Phoenix and married Bill Weasley, for which Harry was present. After their escape from the Malfoy Manor, Harry and several others came to her home at Shell Cottage. Having so many people at her home, especially the goblin Griphook, tested her patience, but she was still kind to Harry, of whom she still had a high opinion because she believed he saved her sister.[4] Through his marriage to Ginny, Harry became Fleur's brother-in-law.
Weasley family
- Mrs. Weasley: "I know why it's happened, of course. It's all this uncertainty with You-Know-Who coming back, people think they might be dead tomorrow, so they're rushing all sorts of decisions they'd normally take time over. It was the same last time he was powerful, people eloping left, right, and centre—"
- Ginny: "Like you and Dad."
- Mrs. Weasley: "Yes, well, your father and I were made for each other, what was the point in waiting? Whereas Bill and Fleur...well...what have they really got in common? He's a hardworking down-to-earth sort of person, whereas she's—"
- Ginny: "A cow. But Bill's not that down-to-earth...he likes a bit of adventure, a bit of glamour...I expect that's why he's gone for Phlegm."
- — Molly and Ginny Weasley on Bill and Fleur[src]
The Weasleys' reaction to Fleur, with the exception of Ron, was initially lukewarm.[6] They became more annoyed with Fleur when she and Bill became engaged, but tolerated her presence for his sake. Ron always had a soft side for Fleur, he always stuck up for her. Once he asked her to go to the Yule Ball but ran away before she had a chance to answer him. However, she became his sister-in-law in 1997 and they started having a friendly relationship. While Ron, Harry and Hermione stayed at her house, Fleur cared about them in a mother-like way. They also fought in the Battle of Hogwarts and survived the war. Molly and Ginny Weasley in particular did not like Fleur, considering her snooty. Molly was irked by Fleur's criticism of her household and her favourite singer, Celestina Warbeck, and Ginny called her "Phlegm", due to her throaty, French accent, and made fun of her behind her back. However, when Fleur did not break off their engagement following Bill's injuries, the Weasleys saw how deeply she loved Bill, and became more accepting of her.[8] Molly convinced her aunt Muriel to lend Fleur her tiara for the wedding, and Ginny served as one of Fleur's bridesmaids.[4]
Hermione Granger
- "I know, She's so full of herself."
- —Hermione Granger on Fleur[src]
Hermione Granger met Fleur during the Triwizard Tournament. Hermione disliked Fleur, as she noted that Fleur had a lot of attention from boys. Hermione also got angry, when she saw that Ron Weasley had a crush on her. When Fleur kissed Ron and Harry (on their cheeks), Hermione was even more angry. When Hermione met Fleur again at The Burrow, she thought that the latter was very arrogant and self-obsessed; she shared the same opinion with Ginny and Mrs. Weasley.
However, her opinion changed when Hermione stayed for a few weeks at Shell Cottage; when Hermione was tortured by Bellatrix Lestrange, Fleur treated her in a mother-like way; she put Hermione in her bed and cared about her. They fought along during the Battle of Hogwarts and survived the war. After the war, they became sisters-in-law.
Olympe Maxime
- Fleur: "Madame Maxime! Zey are saying zat zis little boy is to compete also."
- Madame Maxime: "What is ze meaning of zis, Dumbly-dorr?"
- — Fleur Delacour and Madame Maxime[src]
Olympe Maxime was the headmistress of Beauxbatons Academy of Magic during Fleur's time at the school. When Madam Maxime learned that Fleur was the Triwizard Tournament champion for Beauxbatons, she was very happy. Madam Maxime and Fleur were also angry when Harry became a champion too, thinking that he shouldn't be allowed to take part, as he was too young. Maxime supported Fleur very much, but Fleur didn't win the tournament. After Beauxbatons, Fleur became a member of the Order of the Phoenix, and Madam Maxime became one of the Order's allies. It is unknown if the two women remained in contact.
Order of the Phoenix members
Fleur became a member of the Order of the Phoenix during the Second Wizarding War. Her relationship with most fellow members is unknown; it is possible that she and the rest of the order had a good relationship.
She was friend of Remus Lupin, as they fought along in the Battle over Little Whinging. She was also very happy when she learned that his son was born, and very sad when she learned about Remus's death at the Battle of Hogwarts.
Fleur also appeared to be friendly with Nymphadora Tonks, but she thought that Tonks didn't care about her physical appearance. Mrs. Weasley, Ginny and Hermione thought that Tonks should have been the one to marry Bill, but Tonks eventually married Remus Lupin. Fleur was happy when she learned about the birth of Tonks's son, and was also very upset when Tonks was killed by Bellatrix Lestrange. After the Second Wizarding War, Tonks and Remus's son appeared to flirt with Fleur and Bill's daughter.
Other friendships
Fleur had also many other friends during her time at Shell Cottage. She became friendly with Luna Lovegood and Dean Thomas, who lived for a few weeks at her house, after they escaped from Malfoy Manor. Fleur cared about them, as she cared about Harry, Ron and Hermione. They later fought together at the Battle of Hogwarts.
She also met Ollivander, the wandmaker during the Triwizard Tournament, where he tested the champions' wands. He later offered Fleur some flowers. After Ollivander escaped from Malfoy Manor, Fleur cared about him as if he was her grandfather. It is possible that Ollivander fought with Fleur at the Battle of Hogwarts.
Fleur disliked the goblin Griphook, who treated her as if she was a maid. She showed Harry that she disliked Griphook and didn't want him at her house, but she kept her feelings to herself, as Harry believed Griphook should stay there. Griphook eventually left Shell Cottage to steal the cup of Helga Hufflepuff from the vault of Bellatrix Lestrange, along with Harry, Ron and Hermione.
She also apparently stayed in touch with Viktor Krum after the Triwizard Tournament, as she invited him to her wedding.
After the events of the Second Wizarding War, Fleur bore three children; Victoire, who was named after the victory of the Order of the Phoenix and Dumbledore's Army during the Battle of Hogwarts, because she was born on the first anniversary of the battle; Dominique and Louis. In 2017, it was implied that Victoire was in a relationship with Teddy Lupin.
Nieces and nephews
Fleur also had many nieces and nephews, through the Weasley family. Percy and Audrey's daughters, Molly and Lucy; George and Angelina Johnson's children, Fred and Roxanne; Ron and Hermione's children, Rose and Hugo; Ginny and Harry's children, James, Albus and Lily. It is possible that Fleur was close with all of them.
Behind the scenes
- Fleur was portrayed by Clémence Poésy in the film adaptation of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. The character of Fleur was cut from the film adaptation of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, but Poésy returned for Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.[10]. Daniel Radcliffe also portrayed Fleur in the Seven Potters scene.
- Fleur, in the books is said to have silvery-blond hair. However, Clémence Poésy has darker hair.
- In the film version of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Fleur is stunned by the Imperiused Viktor Krum. Harry finds her immobilised and being taken away by vines, and sends red sparks into the air. The book does not show Harry finding her, and, at the time, Harry is portrayed as content with the knowledge of having one less source of competition.
- Also, in the film version of Goblet of Fire, Fleur and her sister, Gabrielle, both say goodbye to Ron, Gabrielle kisses him on the cheek and Fleur gives him a kiss on the forehead. In the book, Fleur shakes Harry's hand and tells him that she hopes to see him again.
- Also, in the movie, Fleur appears to already be something of a standout student and star pupil at Beauxbatons, doing a solo dance as Beauxbatons entered Hogwarts along with her sister, whereas the others danced in a pack.
- Clémence Poésy has confirmed she will be back for Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows and is to begin filming her wedding sequence on 10 August, 2009 with returning actor Stanislav Ianevski as Viktor Krum.
- According to J. K. Rowling, her name comes from the French phrase fleur de la cour, meaning "flower of the court" or "noblewoman."
- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (First appearance)
- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film)
- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (video game)
- Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (Mentioned only)
- Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
- Lego Harry Potter: Years 1-4
- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part I
- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part II
Notes and references
- ↑ Based on her eligibility for the Triwizard Tournament in 1994.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
- ↑ Fleur took Poly-juice potion to be one of the Seven Potters in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Times Online - The Unwritten Story of Harry's Friends and Their Children
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
- ↑ Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film)
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
- ↑ J.K. Rowling MSNBC interview
- ↑ Deathly Hallows casting updates: Aunt Muriel, Mafalda and Clemence confirmed


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The Power of Independent Thinking
Ivan Eland on RTs CrossTalk Discusses Egypts President Morsi
Recorded: Wednesday, November 28, 2012
Ivan Eland, Independent Institute Senior Fellow, discusses Morsi's Presidential decrees with Peter Lavelle on RT's CrossTalk.
Experts: Ivan ElandType: TelevisionIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Diplomacy and Foreign Aid, Political Ideology and Philosophy
Ivan Eland on U.S. Forces Deployed to Jordan
Recorded: Wednesday, October 10, 2012
Ivan Eland, Independent Institute Senior Fellow, speaks about U.S military deployment to Jordan on the RT Television Networks "Live" program
Experts: Ivan ElandType: TelevisionIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Defense and Foreign Policy, Diplomacy and Foreign Aid
Anthony Gregory at P.A.U.L. Festival 2012
Recorded: Saturday, August 25, 2012
Independent Institute Research Fellow and Student Programs Director Anthony Gregory addresses P.A.U.L. Festival 2012 on Government Power and the Road to Liberty.
Experts: Anthony GregoryType: Other EventIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Constitutional Law, Culture/ Society, Free Market Economics, Freedom, Nationalism, Political Ideology and Philosophy, Property Rights
Robert Nelson on Environmentalism as Religion
Recorded: Monday, May 21, 2012
Senior Fellow Robert Nelson, author of The New Holy Wars talks about the the religious implications between church, state, and environmentalism with Anthony Gill on Research on Religion.
Experts: Robert H. NelsonType: RadioIssues: Culture/ Society, Environment, Religion
Tabarrok on Debt and Imprisonment
Recorded: Friday, April 20, 2012
Alexander Tabarrok, Research Director at the Independent Institute, speaks with Alyona Minkovski of RT's "The Alyona Show" on increasing criminal justice fees applied to those convicted or charged of a crime and time served due to debt.
Experts: Alexander T. TabarrokType: TelevisionIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Criminal Justice/ Prisons, Culture/ Society, Taxes
Ivan Eland on Syrias Plight and Future
Recorded: Monday, February 13, 2012
Senior Fellow Ivan Eland on RTs Crosstalk discussing the plight and future of Syria.
Jonathan Bean on the History of Racial Segregation
Recorded: Thursday, January 12, 2012
Research Fellow Jonathan Bean engages with John Stossel of Fox Business Networks Stossel on positive market influences toward racial integration in America.
Experts: Jonathan BeanType: TelevisionIssues: Business, Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Culture/ Society, Economic History and Development (U.S.), Political Ideology and Philosophy, Politics, Race Issues


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Comments On Dec 17, 2007:Good oil. I've ran many 2 strokes and they are always in good shape after using this oil. Remember NOT to mix oil brands in a tank. Get an oil and stick with it. This is great oil.
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Comments On Oct 22, 2007:Yet another great product from Maxima, works good and produces low smoke.
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More Information
News & Notes - Woman to turn 100; NHHS class reunion; holiday flotilla launch event; human trafficking forum
Published: Wednesday, July 24, 2013 at 11:22 p.m.
Last Modified: Wednesday, July 24, 2013 at 11:22 p.m.
Local centenarian leads active life
WILMINGTON | Millie Solomon loves to walk the halls of Brightmore Independent Living every day, trekking 1.1 miles at the facility on most days. She often chooses to take a flight of stairs rather than ride the elevator. This month, she will become a centenarian.
Although she turns 100 on July 30, Solomon stills regularly plays bridge and canasta, attends concerts and theater, and socializes as much as her schedule allows.
Once a community leader and active member on several community boards, Solomon taught water aerobics and played golf and tennis well into her 80s. For several years in her early 90s, she was a regular contributor to the Fifty Plus monthly magazine, writing a column titled, "Aging Gracefully."
When asked her secret to living a long life, Solomon says, "good wine and good men." To her advice, she also adds that exercise, a sense of humor, and optimism about the future are essential.
Soloman will celebrate her birthday at a beach-side family reunion, and attend a small party with her family and close friends.
Of course, she is planning most of it herself.
NHHS classes of '30s, '40s and early '50s plan reunion
WILMINGTON | A reunion for students who attended New Hanover High School in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950-1954 are invited to a class reunion in October.
On Thursday, Oct. 3, attendees may join classmates for dinner at The Surf Club in Wrightsville Beach, and for brunch on Friday, Oct. 4. All members of these 24 graduating years are invited to the events.
N.C. Holiday Flotilla announces 30th anniversary launch event
WILMINGTON | N.C. Holiday Flotilla board members will make an announcement at noon on Saturday, July 27, during a 30th anniversary launch event.
In addition to the announcement, Captain Skip Wilson, the 2012 Best in Show winner, will lead the Flotilla's first-ever "How to Decorate Your Boat" demonstration, aimed at educating and inspiring a new generation of parade participants. Topics will include: powering your boat with decorative lights, and planning your flotilla boat decor.
The event, which is open to the public, will be held at the Hutchens Law Firm office, 7029 Wrightsville Ave., in Wilmington.
The 30th annual Flotilla Weekend will be Friday and Saturday, Nov. 29 and 30. The Flotilla has grown to become one of the Top 20 Events in the Southeast, attracting more than 50,000 people to Wrightsville Beach.
For more information, visit www.ncholidayflotilla.org or contact Linda Brown at 620-0281or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Human trafficking forum planned
SOUTHEASTERN N.C. | Did you know North Carolina ranks among the top 10 states where human trafficking for labor and sex is most prevalent?
The StarNews will hold a forum and panel discussion on human trafficking at
7 p.m. Thursday, July 25, in the BB&T Auditorium of the McKeithan Center at the Cape Fear Community College, North Campus, 4500 Blue Clay Road.
Admission is free and open to the public. Members of the audience will have an opportunity to ask panelists questions as time permits.
Email your New Hanover County news items to firstname.lastname@example.com. They must be received two weeks before the event date.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


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Republic of Tunisia
Area: 163,610 sq. km. (63,378 sq. mi.), slightly smaller than Missouri.
Cities: Capital--Tunis; Greater Tunis urban area: pop. 2,083,000 (includes Tunis, Ariana, Ben Arous, and Manuoba governorates) Sfax (pop. 820,100).
Terrain: Arable land in north and along central coast; south is mostly semiarid or desert.
Climate: Hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters.
Nationality: Noun and adjective--Tunisian(s).
Population (2001): 9,673,300.
Annual growth rate (2001): 1.1%.
Ethnic groups: Arab-Berber 98%, European 1%, other 1%.
Religions: Muslim 98%, Christian 1%, Jewish less than 1%.
Languages: Arabic (official), French.
Education: Years compulsory--9. Literacy--66.7% (male 78.6%; female 54.6%).
Health (2001): Infant mortality rate--25.8/1,000. Life expectancy--70.1 years male, 74.2 years female.
Work force (2001, 3,292,700) Services--44.1%; industry--33.2%; agriculture--22%.
Type: Republic.
Constitution: June 1, 1959; amended July 12, 1988 and June 29, 1999.
Independence: March 20, 1956.
Branches: Executive--chief of state President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI (since November 7, 1987) head of government, Prime Minister Mohamed GHANNOUCHI (since 17 November 1999) cabinet, Council of Ministers appointed by the president; president elected by popular vote for a 5-year term; election last held October 24, 1999 (next to be held in 2004); prime minister appointed by the president. Election results: President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI reelected for a third term; candidates from opposition: Mohamed Belhaj Amor (PUP) and Abderrahmene Tlili (UDU); percent of vote--Zine El Abidine BEN ALI 99.44% (officially).
Legislative--unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Majlis al-Nuwaab (182 seats; 5-year terms; 148 seats are elected by popular vote for party lists on a winner-take-all basis). An additional 34 seats (20% of the total) are distributed to opposition parties on a proportional basis as provided for in 1999 constitutional amendments; there will be a referendum in 2002 on President Ben Ali's proposal to create a second chamber. Elections last held October 24, 1999 (next to be held in 2004).
Election results: percent of vote by party--RCD 92%; seats by party-- RCD 148, MDS 13, UDU 7, PUP 7, Al-Tajdid 5, PSL 2. Note: The opposition increased number of seats from 19 to 34. Judicial--independent District Courts, Courts of Appeal, Highest Court (Cour de Cassation). Judges of the highest court are appointed by the President.
Political parties: Et-Tajdid Movement (Mohamed Harmel); Constitutional Democratic Rally Party (Rassemblement Constitutionnel Democratique) or RCD President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI (official ruling party); Liberal Social Party or PSL (Mounir Beji); Movement of Democratic Socialists or MDS (Ismail Boulahia); Popular Unity Party or PUP (Mohamed Bouchiha); Unionist Democratic Union or UDU (Abderrahmane TLILI); Democratic Progressive Party or PDP (Nejib Chebbi).
Political pressure groups and leaders: Legal--Tunisian Human Rights League or LTDH (Mokhtar Trifi). Outlawed--An-Nahda (Renaissance) the Islamic fundamentalist party (Rached El Ghanouchi); National Council for Liberties in Tunisia or CNLT (Sihem Ben Sedrine); Democratic Forum for Labor and Liberties or FDTL (Mustapha Ben Jaafar); Congress for the Republic or CPR (Moncef Marzouki); Tunisian Communist Labor Party or POCT (Hamma Hammami).
Administrative divisions: 24 governorates--Ariana, Beja, Ben Arous, Bizerte, EL Kef, Gabes, Gafsa, Jendouba, Kairouan, Kasserine, Kebili, Mahdia, Manouba, Medenine, Monastir, Nabeul, Sfax, Sidi Biu Zid, Siliana, Sousse, Tataouine, Tozeur, Tunis, Zaghouan.
Suffrage: Universal at 20 (Active duty members of the military may not vote.).
Flag: Red star on a red crescent in a white circle centered on a red background.
GDP (2001): $12.6 billion.
Growth rate (2001): 5%.
Per capita GDP (2001): $2,100.
Natural resources: crude oil, gas, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt.
Agriculture (12.2% of GDP): Products--olives, beets, dates, oranges, almonds, grain, sugar.
Industry (28.5% of GDP): Types--petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate and iron ore), textiles, footwear, food processing, beverages. Services (35.5% of GDP): Tourism, commerce, transport, communication.
Trade (2001): Exports--$6.5 billion: hydrocarbon, agricultural products, phosphates, chemicals, textiles, mechanical, electric components by region: Africa 6.5%, U.S. 2%, Asia 5.4%, Europe 82.4%; by country (U.S.$million): France $1897.45, Italy $1522.07, Germany, $768.27, Belgium, $320.14, Libya, $246.55, U.S. $62.96, Spain $430.4. Imports ($9.4 billion)--industrial goods and equipment, hydrocarbons, food, consumer goods; by region Africa 6.6%, Americas 6.5% Asia 8.5%, Europe 76.7%; by country (U.S.$million): France $2444.62, Italy $1807.1, Germany $912.14, Belgium $330.07, Libya $321.38, U.S. 387.65, Spain $317.2.
Trade balance deficit: $2.9 billion.
Modern Tunisians are the descendents of indigenous Berbers and of people from numerous civilizations that have invaded, migrated to and been assimilated into the population over the millenia. Recorded history in Tunisia begins with the arrival of Phoenicians, who founded Carthage and other North African settlements in the 8th century BC. Carthage became a major sea power, clashing with Rome for control of the Mediteranean until it was defeated and captured by the Romans in 146 B.C. The Romans ruled and settled in North Africa until the 5th century when the Roman Empire fell and Tunisia was invaded by European tribes, including the Vandals. The Muslim conquest in the 7th century transformed Tunisia's and the make-up of its population, with subsequent waves of migration from around the Arab and Ottoman world, including significant numbers of Spanish Moors and Jews at the end of the 15th century. Tunisia became a center of Arab culture and learning and was assimilated into the Turkish Ottoman Empire in the 16th century. It was a French protectorate from 1881 until independence in 1956, and retains close political, economic, and cultural ties with France.
Nearly all Tunisians (98% of the population) are Muslim. There has been a Jewish population on the southern island of Djerba for 2000 years, and there remains a small Jewish population in Tunis which is descended from those who fled Spain in the late 15th century. There is no indigenous Christian population. Small nomadic indigenous minorities have been mostly assimilated into the larger population.
Tunisia is a republic with a strong presidential system dominated by a single political party. President Zine el-Abedine Ben Ali has been in office since 1987 when he deposed Habib Bourguiba, who had been President since Tunisia's independence from France in 1956. The ruling party, the Constitutional Democratic Assemby (RCD), was the sole legal party for 25 years--when it was known as the Socialist Destourian Party (PSD)--and still dominates political life. The President is elected to 5-year terms--with virtually no opposition--and appoints a Prime Minister and cabinet, who play a strong role in the execution of policy. Regional governors and local administrators also are appointed by the central government; largely consultative mayors and municipal councils are elected. There is a unicameral legislative body, the Chamber of Deputies, which has 182 seats, 20% of which are reserved for the opposition. It plays a growing role as an arena for debate on national policy but never originates legislation and virtually always passes bills presented by the executive with only minor changes. The judiciary is nominally independent but responds to executive direction espeically in political cases. The military is professional and does not play a role in politics.
Tunisia's independence from France in 1956 ended a protectorate established in 1881. President Bourguiba, who had been the leader of the independence movement, declared Tunisia a republic in 1957, ending the nominal rule of the former Ottoman Beys. In June 1959 Tunisia adopted a constitution modeled on the French system, which established the basic outline of the highly centralized presidential system that continues today. The military was given a defined defensive role, which excluded participation in politics. Starting from independence, President Bourguiba placed strong emphasis on economic and social development, especially education, the status of women, and the creation of jobs, policies continued under the Ben Ali administration. The results were strong social indicators--high literacy and school attendance rates, low population growth rates, and relatively low poverty rates--and generally steady economic growth rates. These pragmatic policies have contributed to social stability and political stability.
Progress toward full democracy has been slow. Over the years President Bourguiba stood unopposed for re-election several times and was named "President for life" in 1974 by a constitutional amendment. At the time of independence, the Neo-Destourian Party (later the PSD)--enjoying broad support because of its role at the forefront of the independence movement--became the sole legal party when opposition parties were banned until 1981.
When President Ben Ali came to power in 1987 he promised greater democratic openness and respect for human rights, signing a "national pact" with opposition parties. He oversaw constitutional and legal changes, including abolishing the concept of President for life, the establishment of presidential term limits, and provision for greater opposition party participation in political life. But the ruling party, renamed the Democratic Constitutional Assembly (RCD), continued to dominate the political scene because of its historic popularity and the advantage it enjoyed as the ruling party. Ben Ali ran for re-election unopposed in 1989 and 1994, and won 99.44% of the vote in 1999 when he faced two weak opponents. The RCD won all seats in the Chamber of Deputies in 1989, and won all of the directly elected seats in the 1994 and 1999 elections. However, constitutional amendments in those years provided for the distribution of additional seats to the opposition parties in 1999. Currently five opposition parties share 33 of the 182 seats in the Chamber. A May 2002 referendum will likely approve constitutional changes proposed by Ben Ali to allow him to run for a fourth term in 2004, create a second parliamentary chamber, and provide for other changes.
There are currently six legal opposition parties, the Social Democratic Movement (MDS), the Popular Unity Party (PUP), the Union of Democratic Unionists (UDU), Ettajdid (also called the Renewal Movement), the Social Liberal Party (PSL), and the Democratic Progressive Party (PDP), the only one not represented in the Chamber of Deputies. Most accept the basic economic and social policies of the government but are critical of the pace of democratization in the country--and focus considerable attention on support for Arab causes. The parties are generally weak and divided and face considerable restrictions on their ability to organize. The Islamist opposition party, An-Nadha, was allowed to operate openly in the late 1980s and early 1990s despite a ban on religiously based parties. The government outlawed An-Nadha as a terrorist organization in 1991 and arrested its leaders and thousands of party members and sympathizers, accusing them of plotting to overthrow the President. The party is no longer openly active in Tunisia, and its leaders operate from exile in London. There are several prodemocracy activists who have been denied permission to establish other opposition political parties.
While there are thousands of nominally established non-governmental organizations, civil society also is weak. The Tunisian Human Rights League (LTDH), the first such organization in the Arab world, operates under restrictions and suffers from internal divisions. The Tunisian Association of Democratic Women (ATFD), the Young Lawyers Association, and the Bar Association also are active. The government has denied legal status to a handful of other human rights advocacy groups who, nonetheless, attempt to gather and publicize information on the human rights situation in the country.
Although Tunisia is making progress toward a democratic system, citizens still do not have full political freedom. There are curbs on the press and on freedom of speech. Many critics have called for clearer, effective distinctions between executive, legislative, and judicial powers. The foreign press and foreign-based satellite television channels have criticized the Tunisian Government and demanded more freedom of speech and greater respect for human rights. There are frequent reports of widespread torture and abuse of prisoners, especially political prisoners, by security officers.
Trade unions have played a key role in Tunisia's history since the struggle for independence, when the 1952 assassination of labor leader Farhat Hached was a catalyst for the final push for against French domination. The General Union of Tunisian Workers (UGTT), the country's sole labor confederation, has generally focused on bread-and-butter issues but at some critical moments in Tunisia's history has played a decisive role in the nation's political life. Despite a drop in union membership from 400,000 to about 250,000 as the structure of the Tunisian economy changed, the UGTT continues to hold a prominent place in Tunisia's political and social life, and negotiates with government and the umbrella employer group for higher wages and better benefits. The current leadership, headed by Abdessalem Jerad, was elected at an extraordinary congress in February 2002, held to reset the union's direction after its former long-time leader was removed for embezzlement in 2000. The current board of directors includes some former dissidents and has pledged to reinvigorate the union and increase its role in the country's political life.
Tunisia is a leader in the Arab world in promoting the legal and social status of women. A Personal Status Code was adopted shortly after independence in 1956 which, among other things, gave women full legal status (allowing them to run and own businesses, have bank accounts, and seek passports under their own authority) and outlawed polygamy. The government required parents to send girls to school, and today more than 50% of university students are women. Rights of women and children were further enhanced by 1993 reforms, which included a provision to allow Tunisian women to transmit citizenship even if they are married to a foreigner and living abroad. The government has supported a remarkably successful family planning program that has reduced the population growth rate to just over 1% per annum, contributing to Tunisia's economic and social stability.
Tunisia's judiciary is headed by the Court of Cassation, whose judges are appointed by the president. The country is divided administratively into 23 governorates. The president appoints all governors.
Principal Government Officials
President--Zine El-Abidine Ben Ali
Prime Minister--Mohamed Ghannouchi
Minister of State--Abdelaziz Ben Dhia
Minister of Foreign Affairs--Habib Ben Yahia
Minister of National Defense--Daly Jazi
Ambassador to the United States--Hatem Atallah
Tunisia's embassy in the United States is located at 1515 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005 (tel. 1-202-862-1850, fax 1-202-862-1858).
Tunisia is in the process of economic reform and liberalization after decades of heavy state direction and participation in the economy. Prudent economic and fiscal planning have resulted in moderate sustained growth for over a decade. Tunisia's economic growth historically has depended on oil, phosphates, agriculture, and tourism. The government's economic policies had limited success during the early years of independence. During the 1960s, a drive for collectivization caused unrest, and farm production fell sharply. Higher prices for phosphates and oil and growing revenues from tourism stimulated growth in the 1970s, but an emphasis on protectionism and import substitution led to inefficiencies. Tunisia received considerable economic assistance during this period from the United States and European and Arab countries and is one of the few developing countries in the region to have moved into the "middle income" category.
As a result of an overvalued dinar and a growing foreign debt sparked a foreign exchange crisis in the mid-1980s. In 1986, the government launched a structural adjustment program to liberalize prices, reduce tariffs, and reorient Tunisia toward a market economy.
Tunisia's economic reform program has been lauded as a model by international financial institutions. The government has liberalized prices, reduced tariffs, lowered debt-service-to-exports and debt-to-GDP ratios, and extended the average maturity of its $10 billion foreign debt. Structural adjustment brought additional lending from the World Bank and other Western creditors. In 1990, Tunisia acceded to the General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and is a member of the WTO.
In 1996 Tunisia entered into an "Association Agreement" with the European Union (EU) which removes tariff and other trade barriers on most goods by 2008. In conjunction with the Association Agreement, the EU is assisting the Tunisian Government's Mise A Niveau (upgrading) program to enhance the productivity of Tunisian businesses and prepare for competition in the global marketplace.
The government has totally or partially privatized about 140 state-owned enterprises since the privatization program was launched in 1987. Although the program is supported by the UGTT, the government has had to move carefully to avoid mass firings. Unemployment continues to plague Tunisia's economy and is aggravated by a rapidly growing work force. An estimated 55% of the population is under the age of 25. Officially, 15% of the Tunisian work force is unemployed, but the real numbers of jobless or underemployed are higher.
In 1992, Tunisia reentered the private international capital market for the first time in 6 years, securing a $10-million line of credit for balance-of-payments support. Recent international operations include 50 billion Japanese Yen raised through a global samurai bond issue and 55 million Yen raised on the global samurai and Yen bond markets. Tunisia has gained investment grade ratings from several international institutions (Standard and Poors, Moody's, Fitch).
The stock exchange is under the control of the state-run Financial Market Council and lists nearly 50 companies. The government offers substantial tax incentives to encourage companies to join the exchange but expansion is still slow.
The Tunisian Government adopted a unified investment code in 1993 to attract foreign capital. More than 1,400 export-oriented joint venture firms operate in Tunisia to take advantage of relatively low labor costs and preferential access to nearby European markets. Economic links are closest with European countries, which dominate Tunisia's trade. Tunisia's currency, the dinar, is convertible for most commercial and investment transactions, but certain restrictions still limit operations carried out by Tunisian residents.
President Ben Ali has maintained Tunisia's long-time policy of seeking good relations with the West, including the United States, while playing an active role in Arab and African regional bodies. President Bourguiba took a nonaligned stance but emphasized close relations with Europe and the United States.
Tunisia has long been a voice for moderation and realism in the Middle East. President Bourguiba was the first Arab leader to call for the recognition of Israel in a speech in Jericho in 1965. Tunisia served as the headquarters of the Arab League from 1979 to 1990 and hosted the Palestine Liberation Organization's (PLO) headquarters from 1982 to 1993, when the PLO Executive Committee relocated to Jericho and the Palestinian Authority was established after the signing of the Oslo Agreement. (The PLO Political Department remains in Tunis.) Tunisia consistently has played a moderating role in the negotiations for a comprehensive Middle East peace. In 1993, Tunisia was the first Arab country to host an official Israeli delegation as part of the Middle East peace process, and maintained an Interests Section until the outbreak of the 2000 Intifada. Israeli citizens of Tunisian descent may travel to Tunisia on their Israeli passports.
Wedged between Algeria and Libya, Tunisia has sought to maintain good relations with its neighbors despite occasionally strained relations. Tunisia and Algeria, resolved a longstanding border dispute in 1993 and have cooperated in the construction of a natural gas pipeline through Tunisia that connects Algeria to Italy. Tunisia recently signed an agreement with Algeria to demarcate the maritime frontier between the two countries.
Tunisia's relations with Libya have been erratic since Tunisia annulled a brief agreement to form a union in 1974. Diplomatic relations were broken in 1976, restored in 1977, and deteriorated again in 1980, when Libyan-trained rebels attempted to seize the town of Gafsa. In 1982, the International Court of Justice ruled in Libya's favor in the partition of the oil-rich continental shelf it shares with Tunisia. Libya's 1985 expulsion of Tunisian workers and military threats led Tunisia to sever relations. Relations were normalized again in 1987. While supporting the UN sanctions imposed following airline bombings, Tunisia has been careful to maintain positive relations with her neighbor. Following relaxation of the sanctions, Libya is again becoming a major trading partner.
Tunisia has supported the development of the Arab Maghreb Union (UMA), which includes Algeria, Morocco, Mauritania, and Libya. Progress on Maghreb integration remains stymied, however, as a result of bilateral tensions between some member countries.
The United States has very good relations with Tunisia, which date back more than 200 years. The United States has maintained official representation in Tunis almost continuously since 1797, and the American treaty with Tunisia was signed in 1799. The two governments are not linked by security treaties, but relations have been close since Tunisia's independence. U.S.-Tunisian relations suffered briefly after the 1985 Israeli raid on PLO headquarters in Tunis, after the 1988 assassination of PLO terrorist Abu Jihad, and in 1990 during the Gulf War when Tunisia objected to U.S. intervention following Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. In each case, however, relations warmed again quickly, reflecting strong bilateral ties. The United States and Tunisia have an active schedule of joint military exercises. U.S. security assistance historically has played an important role in cementing relations. The U.S.-Tunisian Joint Military Commission meets annually to discuss military cooperation, Tunisia's defense modernization program, and other security matters.
The United States first provided economic and technical assistance to Tunisia under a bilateral agreement signed March 26, 1957. The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) managed a successful program until its departure in 1994, when Tunisia's rapidly developing economic advances led to the country's "graduation" from USAID funding. Tunisia has enthusiastically supported the U.S.-North African Economic Partnership (USNAEP) designed to promote U.S. investment in, and economic integration of the Maghreb region. The program is providing $1.3 million annually in fiscal years 2001 and 2002.
American private assistance has been provided liberally since independence by foundations, religious groups, universities, and philanthropic organizations. The U.S. Government has supported Tunisia's efforts to attract foreign investment. The United States and Tunisia concluded a bilateral investment treaty in 1990 and an agreement to avoid double taxation in 1989.
American firms seeking to invest in Tunisia and export to Tunisia can receive insurance and financing for their business through U.S. Government agencies, including the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) and the Export-Import Bank. The best prospects for foreigners interested in the Tunisian market are in high technology, energy, agribusiness, food processing, medical care and equipment, and the environmental and tourism sectors.
Principal U.S. Officials
Ambassador--Rust M. Deming
Deputy Chief of Mission--Terence P. McCulley
Political/Economic Counselor--Susan W. Zelle
Commercial Attache--Edward V. O'Brien
The U.S. Embassy in Tunisia is located at 144 Ave. de la Liberte, 1002 Tunis-Belvedere (tel. 011-216-71-782-566, fax 011-216-71-789719). The Public Affairs office is located at 14 Rue Yahia Ibn Omar, 1002 Tunis-Belvedere (tel. 011-216-71-789800). Both will move to a new embassy in late 2002.
Short URL: http://m.state.gov/md26614.htm