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Thread: Using clipping masks with words
Using clipping masks with words
Okay Scrap N' Chatters!
You asked for this little tutorial, so I hope you can make some sense of it. I wasn't able to get screen shots, but I do have some images to go along with the steps. (I couldn't figure out how to get these smaller right now)
I will say first off that I use Photoshop. I am not very familiar with other programs, but I think Element is similar.
Step One:
Open up a blank 12 x 12 document, with a transparent background.
Step Two:
Drag the shape or photo/clipping mask you are going to use to the new document
(I created this soft curve because I want to add text to the side border)
Step Three:
Clip a textured paper to the shape or mask you are using.
In Photoshop, you place the paper or photo or item you want to clip to the shape on the layer above the shape.
Next press Alt + Ctrl + G, or go to Layer > Create Clipping Mask.
You should see the top layer moved to the right a bit, with an arrow next to the icon
> at this step you can resize either one of these layers. You can move the paper or photo to center it or place it where you want, you can also adjust the color, transform, or even delete parts.
>Once you have the paper/photo placed where you would like it, merge the two layers. Make sure you have the top layer selected/active. You can press Ctrl + E (Merge) or go to Layer > Merge Down
> Now you should only have one layer, the paper/photo in the shape you have chosen
Step Four:
Type in the lyrics to a favorite song, quote, or words you want scattered along the border. I grabbed the lyrics to a favorite song, Broken Road by Rascal Flatts and copied these onto my new document. (I chose a favorite font called Pea Kate)
>Position this layer above your clipped paper/photo/shape
Step Five
Now we are going to delete some of the pixels from our clipped paper to give a grunged effect to the text and remove portions to add visual interest to the border.
> I used the magic wand tool, set my tolerance between 11 and 15, and then I started to select portions of the paper I want removed. I am going for a jagged effect, but I do want some large areas where text will be visible
If your tolerance is set too high, large areas will be removed. I picked a paper with some texture that would give me some freedom to select regions of the paper easily. A solid paper would not work with this.
from the image you can see I removed quite a bit of the paper, but I have pixels scattered all around still.
Step Six:
Move your text layer above your clipped paper layer
>Repeat the steps for creating a clipping mask (from Step Three)
>Make sure that your text layer is on top
>You may need to rasterize the text first. before you can clip it
> To do this, right click the text layer and the drop down box will give you "rasterize" as an option. Once you do this, you will not be able to edit the text using the text/font tool At this stage, check your spelling before you rasterize the layer.
>Dont forget you can resize or move the text so that you get coverage where you need it.
Step Seven:
At this stage, I lightened my paper (I should have done it earlier, oops)
(I chose to use this method: Image > Adjustment > Hue Saturation)
>You might have some space where you will want to fill in a large open area
You can add more text and clip the new text to the existing shape
I had a blank spot, and added the words "you are my" to another layer, so that I could clip these words near "dream"
>after I placed the "you are my" I clipped these words to my paper
You can stop here if you like and use this along the border of a page
I chose to spice it up a bit
Step Eight:
This is where the fun starts
I love the above sample, but I wanted to add some whimsy to my page, so I grabbed a favorite flower shape, and placed it above my clipped paper layer
(I duplicated this a few times, and hid those layers for future use)
>Clip the flower shape or something fun and colorful, could even be a photo. the possibilities are endless. Play around and have fun.
I thought a rainbow effect would be fun
I placed the duplicates of the flower above my text.
I recolored each one, mimicing a rainbow
I then clipped each flower to the text, one at a time
> Remember, move things around, play with the colors or the opacity
> If you dont like how something turned out, you can undo, or clip something else in its place.
and, try these out on different papers, you will get different looks simply by changing the bg paper
The main thing to remember is, have fun, experiment, play around for a while and get used to the possibilities of clipping masks, they aren't just for photos.
There are so many fun ways to add some interest to your pages
This is just one
Hope you give it a try
Last edited by elenasworld; 05-27-2009 at 11:31 PM.
05-28-2009, 03:54 AM #2GDS Addict
- Join Date
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What a great tutorial. I will definitely have to try this out. Thanks for sharing the information.
Thanks for the tutorial. I have been looking for instructions on clipping masks and this one is excellent.
Awesome tutorial, Liz! Thanks so much for taking the time to post it....it's such a fabulous technique!
Great tutorial Liz, I'm going to have to try this.
So I can read it as I try it I'm going to have to print this out.
Thanks!!!Elaine My Blog
Thanks, Liz, you rawk! :)
This is awesome Liz. You rock! Thanks soooo much for getting this tutorial together for all of us. I'm using PSE 7 so will let you know how this goes with it.
Liz, this was so nice of you to take the time to demo out this great tut for us! Thank you so much!


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A Warm Irish Welcome
|If you are looking for a hotel which provides an intimate, warm and friendly Irish welcome, where the relaxed, cosy atmosphere will ensure your stay will be an enjoyable one then come to The Old Fourpenny Shop. Sean Brew the owner/manager aims to create a home away from home. He has been delighting customers for many years having previously owned and run the Blue Boar Restaurant locally as well as other hotel/restuarants.
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26 U.S. Code § 9602 - Management of Trust Funds
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(a) Report
It shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury to hold each Trust Fund established by subchapter A, and (after consultation with any other trustees of the Trust Fund) to report to the Congress each year on the financial condition and the results of the operations of each such Trust Fund during the preceding fiscal year and on its expected condition and operations during the next 5 fiscal years. Such report shall be printed as a House document of the session of the Congress to which the report is made.
(b) Investment
(1) In general
It shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury to invest such portion of any Trust Fund established by subchapter A as is not, in his judgment, required to meet current withdrawals. Such investments may be made only in interest-bearing obligations of the United States. For such purpose, such obligations may be acquired—
(2) Sale of obligations
Any obligation acquired by a Trust Fund established by subchapter A may be sold by the Secretary of the Treasury at the market price.
Source(Added Pub. L. 97–119, title I, § 103(a),Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1638.)
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Half Life
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MNU's theatre program presents the classic tale Little Women.
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April 4, 2014 at 7:30 p.m.
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Field of Employment for Physics Masters in the Private Sector
Classes of 2007-2008
Credit: AIP Statistical Research Center, Focus on Physics and Astronomy Master's Initial Employment
This graph shows initial employment fields for new Physics Masters working in the private sector, classes of 2007-2008 combined. Masters recipients were contacted in the winter following the academic year in which they received their degree.
STEM refers to positions in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics.
Physics and Astronomy Master's Initial Employment


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Shark Night At Wrigley Field
I've always enjoyed Discovery Channel's Shark Week. But for many years, the marathon was a sorrowing reminder grade school was right around the corner.
School days are thankfully out of my way, leaving me even more captivated by Shark Week and its closer-than-ever, ground-breaking HD shots of Great White sharks.
Tonight, however, I'll be back at Wrigley Field watching Shark Samardzija and the Cubs take on the lowly Houston Astros—weather permitting.
I'll be tweeting as usual from the park. And in honor of National Left-Handers day, I'm working on a post for tomorrow talking about Cubs southpaws James Russell and Brooks Raley (who was optioned earlier this morning back to Triple-A Iowa).
Now I'm off to swim with the bottom-feeding Cubs & Stros. I'm hoping for a Great Samardzija attack at the very least.


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Log in
December 15 was a special day for the nonprofit sector in Kalamazoo County! Over 100 nonprofit executives, foundation representatives, board members, and community leaders gathered to honor and celebrate accomplishments of 2010 before a New Year starts in a couple weeks.
The first-ever celebration was sponsored and hosted by ONEplace at the Kalamazoo Public Library. Consultants & Trainers Network (also sponsored by ONEplace) members helped host the fun and engaging event. The room sustained a gentle roar of excitement for over two hours as people re-connected with colleagues from across the community and met new ones. People commented on the diversity of nonprofits and supporters in the room.
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As director of ONEplace, I commented briefly on the level of services provided despite the current economy which are enormous and ever-generous. Basic needs providers are challenged to meet demands while often reducing their own budgets. Educators at all levels continue supporting new, innovative ways to improve student outcomes and employee performance while 'tightening their belts.' Arts, cultural, humanitarian, and civic organizations continue supporting Kalamazoo County's quality of life with fewer dollars. Working together with our business and governmental sectors, the nonprofit sector assures the very fabric of our community continues to thrive.
It's important to step back, pause, and reflect on how special Kalamazoo County is and "celebrate what we want to see more of." The Nonprofit Sector Celebration did just that.
Posted by Bobbe Luce at 01/05/2011 11:11:55 AM |


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Keldeo is very reckless, often not listening to his mentors and rushing into battle, like when it attacked Kyurem.
While still in training with the Musketeers, Keldeo was convinced that it was ready to face Kyurem in order to become a Musketeer, but Cobalion refused. Disobeying its mentors, Keldeo walks off to the mines where Kyurem resides and calls it out for a battle, claiming to be a Sacred Swordsman. When it attacked the dragon, it was completely outmatched and had its horn sliced off by Shadow Claw. The battle also resulted in the freezing of the Musketeers, causing Keldeo to flee and Kyurem to pursue him.
Keldeo, weakened from the one-sided battle with Kyurem, fell down a cliff onto a train, which happened to have Ash, Iris and Cilan riding in it. Although it did not trust them at first, it eventually became friends when Ash and co. saved him from Kyurem and its Cryogonal posse. Keldeo then healed up and regained his strength. He told the gang about who he was, and how he aspires to be a Musketeer, like his masters.
Kyurem attacked Keldeo several times, the latter narrowly escaping each time. Ultimately, the battle led back to where the two battled originally, and where Keldeo entered its Resolute Forme, also learning Secret Sword in the process. Keldeo quickly gained the upper hand with improved agility and a combo of Double Team and Focus Blast, but ultimately lost when trying to protect his thawed out masters and friends from a Freeze Shock, with the electrical element causing even more damage. Despite its loss, Keldeo's valor earned it Kyurem's respect, who said it was better to lose a battle than to lose one's friends.
Known moves
|Focus Blast
|Pokémon the Movie: Kyurem vs. the Sword of Justice
|Double Team
|Pokémon the Movie: Kyurem vs. the Sword of Justice
|Hydro Pump
|Pokémon the Movie: Kyurem vs. the Sword of Justice
|Secret Sword
|Pokémon the Movie: Kyurem vs. the Sword of Justice
|+ indicates this Pokémon used this move recently.*
- indicates this Pokémon normally can't use this move.


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If a man insisted always on being serious, and never allowed
himself a bit of fun and relaxation, he would go mad or become
unstable without knowing it.
– Herodotus
The true object of all human life is play.
Earth is a task garden.
Heaven is a playground.
– G . K. Chesterton
You must invent your own games and
teach us old ones how to play.
– Nikki Giovanni
You can discover more about a person in an
hour of play than in a year of conversation.
– Plato
In play a child always behaves beyond his average age, above his daily behavior.
In play it is as though he were a head taller than himself.
– Lev Vygotsky
People tend to forget that play is serious.
– David Hockney
Play is the exultation of the possible.
– Martin Buber
A child loves to play not because it is easy, but because it is hard.
– B. Spock, M.D.
Play is a uniquely adaptive act,
not subordinate to some other adaptive
act, but with a special function of its own
in human experience.
– Johan Huizinga
Umbria, Italy
Elliott Erwitt, Magnum Photographer, in his studio, Central Park West, NYC, USA
To laugh often and much; To win the respect of people and the affection of children;
To earn the appreciation of honest critics and endure the betrayal of false friends;
To appreciate beauty, to find the best in others;
To leave the world a bit better, whether by a healthy child,
a garden patch, or a redeemed social condition;
To know even one life has breathed easier because you have lived.
This is to have succeeded.
– Ralph Waldo Emerson
For information about our January 2013, Expedition to Burma, please see:


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May 2, 2016
Friday, Nov. 30, 2012
AUGUSTA, Ga. -- News 12 has learned lanes are reopening on Wrightsboro Road after a gas leak.
One of the cars involved in an accident hit a gas meter near North Leg Road.
There were some injuries in the accident, but it is unknown how serious those injuries are.
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Marian Wright Edelman, founder and president of the Children's Defense Fund, told nearly 2,000 people attending the 23rd annual Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Holiday Breakfast January 21, "We need to wake up."
Specifically, she urged the sold-out audience at the Minneapolis Convention Center and the live TV audience watching on TPT (Twin Cities Public Television) to wake up to the consequences of failing to improve the educational disparities that pose dangerous implications for the future of our country: "Will the United States be a beacon or a blip in history? "We need to recognize that we have to invest now," Edelman said, "and invest with urgency and with persistence so that we can give every child a chance to be able to function, work and contribute in this very complex, changing world and economy."
A graduate of Spelman College and Yale Law School, Edelman began her career in the mid-1960s when, as the first African American woman admitted to the Mississippi Bar, she directed the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund office in Jackson, Miss. In 1968, she moved to Washington, D.C. as counsel for the Poor People's Campaign that Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. began organizing before his death. In 1973 she founded the Children's Defense Fund. Under her leadership, it has become one of the United States' strongest advocates for children and families. Continue Reading →


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Dave Mustaine has posted the following on his social accounts: "Yesterday's Pledge visitors Todd & Matt were very cool & I let Matt help with the recording." Get regular video & photo updates from the studio and much more at pledgemusic.com/megadeth. Follow Dave on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram.
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The Dean V Dave Mustaine Electric Guitar is destined to belong to only a few fortunate players. It possesses a checklist of Dave's favorite features at an affordable price. In particular, the D-shaped mahogany neck is made exactly to Dave's specs, which he considers to be one of the fastest he's ever played. The body comes in a limited choice of finishes; Trans Blue & Tiger Eye. Includes case. DeanGuitars.com
Megadeth would like to thank Dick Carvajal and the Megadeth Colombian Fan Club, and all who participated in the making of an amazing tribute video!! Well done and much appreciated!
Dave Mustaine checks in + a look into the control room [Exclusive Video + Pics] at pledgemusic.com/megadeth.
Congratulations to Monday's #MegadethMondays Twitter winners! @KurtMustaine101, @@_lovaticswiftie, @FreeCandy_44, @rayrobinson25, @emilyjk15, @911baseballguy! Check back every Monday to twitter.com/megadeth for random #MegadethMondays prize giveaways and Megadeth may just follow you on Twitter!
Tweets from @Megadeth/megadeth-dave-mustaine


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While (still) on their way to Nimbasa City, Ash and co. decide to take a break. Ash teaches Oshawott to keep its eyes open underwater so it can use Aqua Jet properly. Later, Scraggy encounters some Foongus. The Foongus use PoisonPowder and all the Pokémon except Oshawott get poisoned. The only known cure are herbs grown at the bottom of a pond and it is up to Oshawott to save the day. But what can it do against a Palpitoad and a Stunfisk?
The gang arrives at a lake. Ash remembers his battle with Trip - Oshawott needs to open his eyes when attacking. To do that, he's going to spend his day with him. While Iris runs with other Pokémon, Ash and Oshawott take their breath and dive. Ash sees that Oshawott does not see while underwater, so they dive again, this time forcing Oshawott's eyes to open.
Iris is still training with the Pokémon, while Ash's Scraggy searches. He finds a bunch of Foongus. Scraggy attacks, but the Foongus evade and use PoisonPowder, poisoning Scraggy and other Pokémon. Cilan and Ash arrive, seeing how the Foongus poisoned everyone. Iris finds out that some herbs are required to produce an antidote to cure them. Cilan detects that some herbs are nearby, on the bottom of the lake, so Cilan, Ash and Oshawott go to find them.
Ash and Oshawott dive in, but a bunch of Tympole arrive and attack them. Oshawott does not open its eyes, so Ash attempts to persuade him. When the Tympoles make their final attack, Oshawott opens his eyes and destroys the attack with his Scalchop. The Tympoles flee. As Oshawott and Ash return to the surface, they are attacked by a Stunfisk. They warn Cilan of the Stunfisk, so Cilan uses his fishing stick and catches the Stunfisk, waving it in the air.
Ash and Oshawott go to get the herbs, and while they get the herbs and get out, a Palpitoad arrives. He attacks Oshawott, so Oshawott counterattacks with Aqua Jet. However, he misses, as his eyes aren't open. Palpitoad makes his final attack, but Oshawott opens his eyes and attacks Palpitoad, defeating it. Cilan knockes the Stunfisk down, so both trainers use their Pokeballs to catch them. They both succeed in catching them, so they hurry to Iris, who attends to the Pokémon. Iris makes the antidote, curing the poison from the Pokémon. The episode ends with Oshawott being happy and no longer afraid to use Aqua Jet.
- This is the second episode where Oshawott proves himself. The first was BW031.
- This is the second time Ash looked up Palpitoad on the Pokedex since the last episode.
- All three protagonists now have an Electric-type Pokémon Each: Ash and Pikachu, Iris and Emolga, and Cilan and Stunfisk.
- This is the first episode ever when two main characters catch a new Pokémon in the same episode (something that has never been done before).
- Who's That Pokémon?: Foongus (US)
- There is no Professor Oak's Pokémon Live Caster in this episode.
- Ash & Iris narrate the preview for the next episode.
|This article is an anime stub.
Please help the Pokémon Wiki by expanding it.


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We've created this forum for users to capture gameplay. We've started to create some of our own for tutorial purposes and plan to do others with voice over. We use Cam Studio which is free and has a good number of options. If you plan on capturing video, please capture audio even if it's music and sound effects. There is microphone support too which would be neat to see.
Get creative, show off amazing combos, create a training video, go over advanced tactics, the possibilities are endless. You can use YouTube to upload your videos, but you may have to cut up long clips. Now let's get cracking!
***IMPORTANT NOTE*** ~ If you will be posting video, you MUST get consent from your rival. You must ask him in chat if it is okay to record this battle. Be as direct and straightforward as possible. "Is it okay if I record this battle and upload it to a video sharing site?" Also if you are recording, please try to keep the dialogue box clear of any vulgarities and profane words.


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May 6, 2016
A local magistrate has been indicted on embezzlement charges.
Court calendars show 39-year-old Kevin Smith is facing three felony counts of embezzlement by a public officer or trustee. Smith is a magistrate in Edgecombe County. Smith is also facing charges in district court for worthless checks.
Noelle Talley with the NC Department of Justice says the Edgecombe County district attorney's office requested the investigation into Smith that led to the charges against him.
No other details about the accusations have been released.
Smith was released on a $10,000 bond.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Eugene, OR (Sports Network) - Licking their wounds after a heartbreaking loss
at home, the 23rd-ranked Oregon Ducks look to bounce back against the Stanford
Cardinal in Pac-12 Conference play at Matthew Knight Arena.
Stanford put a halt to a two-game slide with an 82-72 victory over Oregon
State on Thursday. The Cardinal evened their conference record at 7-7 with the
win, while improving their overall mark for the season to 16-11. Stanford is
still in the bottom half of the Pac-12 standings with just four games left to
play, the next two of which will be home bouts with Colorado and Utah.
Oregon lost for just the second time this season at Matthew Knight Area on
Thursday when Justin Cobbs nailed a buzzer-beating jumper to lift California
to a 48-46 victory. The setback ended a three-game winning streak for the
Ducks and dropped them into a tie with No. 12 Arizona for the top spot in the
Pac-12 standings. Next up Oregon will get one more chance to defend its home
floor in its next matchup with intrastate rival Oregon State.
The Cardinal already pulled off an upset once this season against Oregon with
a 76-52 rout at Maples Pavilion on Jan. 30. The win extended the Cardinal's
all-time series lead to 90-47.
All five starters were in double figures and Josh Huestis (20 points, 11
rebounds) and Dwight Powell (14 points, 11 rebounds) each posted double-
doubles to carry Stanford over Oregon State. The Cardinal shot 48.4 percent
from the field in the game and turned the ball over just eight times.
Powell (15.4 ppg, 8.4 rpg) and Huestis (10.6 ppg, 9.4 rpg, 2.0 bpg) have
anchored the Cardinal from the paint all season. Powell is the more offensive-
minded contributor as he leads the team in scoring. Huestis meanwhile, tops
the squad in rebounding, while proving to be one of the best players in the
conference in protecting the rim. Chasson Randle (13.8 ppg) handles the bulk
of the scoring duties from beyond the arc and has the ability to really heat
up from 3-point range. As a team Stanford is scoring a solid 70.3 points per
game despite shooting the worst percentage from the field (.415) among Pac-12
Though it came down to the final buzzer, Oregon really didn't play well enough
to win against California. The Ducks managed just 16 total field goals while
shooting 27.6 percent from the floor in the contest. Arsalan Kazemi had 11
points and game-high 18 rebounds in the contest.
Oregon has had similar luck on the offensive end of the floor as compared to
Stanford scoring 71.9 points per game while falling into the bottom half of
the conference in field-goal percentage (.448). However, the Ducks own a
nearly double-digit scoring margin on the season, while topping the league in
rebounds (38.3 pg). Versatile forward E.J. Singler (11.6 ppg, 5.0 rpg, 3.0
apg) is the top scorer on the roster, despite shooting less than 40 percent
from the field. Damyean Dotson (11.4 ppg) shoots a superior 45.1 percent from
the floor but has looked lost in the backcourt with Dominic Artis (10.2 ppg)
missing major time with a foot injury. Carlos Emory (10.5 ppg) is another
double-figure scorer, while Kazemi (8.9 ppg, 10.0 ppg, 2.2 spg) puts in good
work on the glass, while ranking second in the league in steals.
The Sports Network


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Balsa Foam is the amazing plastic foam that carves like butter and paints like wood. It's ideal for sculpting and model making because it can be carved, chiseled, sawed, textured, or embossed with sharp-edged detail.
Like balsa wood, it accepts virtually any kind of spray or brush-applied paint. Use a water-based finishing medium to seal the foam and harden the surface. Unlike other plastic foams, Balsa Foam does not expand, contract, or warp at temperatures below 350°F (177°C).
Balsa Foam II is the same as Balsa Foam, but with 10 lb (per cubic foot) density. This higher density results in a more durable model, yet Balsa Foam II is still easy to carve and shape. It's great for 3-dimensional model making.
see also ...
® Amaco is a registered trademark of American Art Clay Company.


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Do demand response programs resolve peak load issues, or simply shift the load, creating worse peak load problems?
62% (16 votes)
38% (10 votes)
Comments: 2
Want more news and insights? Sign up for a FREE industry newsletter
In the future...
- Oct 4, 2011 - 8:29 AM
It would help if there were just one question instead of two.
Comments: 2


text:
Derek RoseOtis Paisley-Print Silk Dressing GownSold out
Unfortunately, this item will not be back in stock.
Pick this Derek Rose dressing gown to make getting up in the morning infinitely more luxurious. Crafted in England from pure silk, this long paisley-print piece is the epitome of gentlemanly elegance. This item is large to size, take the next size down. Shown here with Derek Rose pyjamas and Naturally from Derek Rose slippers.
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text:
The Power of Independent Thinking
Why Are Politicians Always Trying to Scare Us?
Recorded: Thursday, December 6, 2007
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Experts: Robert Higgs, David J. TherouxType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Government Power, Politics, Terrorism and National Crises
Why Are Politicians Always Trying to Scare Us?
Recorded: Thursday, December 6, 2007
From ancient times to the present, politicians, bureaucrats, and interest groups have gained resources and control over the public by playing to peoples fears of various crises and by offering solutions that often only make problems worse.
Experts: Robert HiggsType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Terrorism and National Crises
New Directions for Peace and Security
Recorded: Tuesday, November 6, 2007
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Part 6
For more than a century U.S. foreign policywhether conducted by Democrats or Republicanshas been based on the assumption that Americans interests are served best by intervening abroad to secure markets, fight potential enemies far from American shores, or engage in democratic nation building. But, what is the record of such policies, including now in Iraq?
Experts: Carl P. Close, Jeffrey Rogers Hummel, James L. Payne, Edward P. StringhamType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Defense and Foreign Policy
Robert Higgs on How the State Leads People to Their Own Destruction
Recorded: Friday, October 12, 2007
Lecture presented by Robert Higgs at the Ludwig von Mises Institute's 25th Anniversary Celebration in New York City; 12-13 October 2007. This celebratory event discusses the legacy of Ludwig von Mises, his students such as Murray Rothbard, and the movement Mises inspired. http://mises.org
Check out Higgs' book Crisis and Leviathan.
Experts: Robert HiggsType: TelevisionIssues: Bureaucracy and Government, Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Freedom, Government Power, Government Waste/Pork, Political Ideology and Philosophy, Regulation and Deregulation
George Ayittey: Africa's cheetahs versus hippos at TEDGlobal 2007
Recorded: Wednesday, August 1, 2007
Presented in TED Global 2007, Ghanaian economist George Ayittey unleashes a torrent of controlled anger toward corrupt leaders in Africa and calls on the Cheetah generation to take back the continent.
Experts: George B. N. AyitteyType: Other EventIssues: Bureaucracy and Government
Living With a Nuclear Iran and North Korea?
Recorded: Thursday, June 21, 2007
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
What if North Korea and Iran become nuclear states? If the United States must live with a nuclear Iran and North Korea, what policies should it adopt? Furthermore, could the U.S. change its foreign policy to reduce the risk of nuclear proliferation to even more countries?
Experts: Doug Bandow, Ivan Eland, Trita Parsi, Charles V. PeñaType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Defense and Foreign Policy
Is Walmart Good or Bad for America? A Debate
Recorded: Tuesday, May 8, 2007
Richard K. Vedder and Ken Jacobs debate whether the rise of Walmart and similar big box retailers have been beneficial or harmful to the US economy.
Richard K. Vedder is Senior Fellow at The Independent Institute and Edwin and Ruth Kennedy Distinguished Professor of Economics and Faculty Associate, Contemporary History Institute, Ohio University. Professor Vedder is co-author (with Lowell Gallaway) of The Independent Institute book, "Out of Work," the recipient of both the Sir Antony Fisher International Memorial Award and Mencken Award Finalist for Best Book, and the Institute monograph, Can Teachers Own Their Own Schools?
Ken Jacobs is Chair of the U.C. Berkeley Labor Center, and a former member of the Mayors Universal Health Care Council in San Francisco. He is the Co-author od Declining Job-Based Health Coverage for Working Families in California and the United States, and Hidden Costs of Wal-Mart Jobs.
David J. Theroux is Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer of The Independent Institute and Publisher of The Independent Review.
Type: Independent Institute EventIssues: Antitrust, Competition, and Monopoly, Business, Culture/ Society, Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economists, Free Market Economics, History (U.S), Labor and Employment, Politics, Public Health/ Consumer Protection
Is Wal-Mart Good or Bad for America? A Debate
Recorded: Tuesday, May 8, 2007
Wal-Marts detractors argue that Wal-Mart reduces living standards, hurts retail trade, disrupts communities, and relies on government programs to provide healthcare for many of its workers. Is Wal-Mart a force for good or evil?
Experts: Ken Jacobs, Richard K. VedderType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Business, Labor and Employment, Regulation and Deregulation


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Norwegian Landscape - Modern guitar duets by Ivanovic, Bogdanovich, Machado, Meduses, Brouwer et al. / Les Freres Meduses
1 CD / Clear Note / 2012-06-26Works: David Cullen: On the Way, for guitar; Leo Brouwer: Canción de Cuna on a theme of Grenet, berceuse for guitar; Fernando Sor: Etude for guitar in E minor (Segovia Edition no 17), Op. 6/11; Etude f...
Performers: Strong, Berit
Ensemble: Les Freres Meduses
This is Berit's first solo CD featuring works inspired by nature....continue...
Recording information: Sonic Temple, Roslindale, Massachusetts (05/15/2002/06/23/2003)....continue...
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Amur River
Amur River forming a portion of the Russia/China border. Source: NASA
The Amur River, considered the Earth's tenth largest watercourse, has its headwaters in western Manchuria and mouth at the Strait of Tartary, which connects the Sea of Japan with the Okhotsk Sea. Much of its length defines the border between Russia and China.
Although the generally level topography has made this basin vulnerable to heavy exploitation by agriculture, the region boasts many endemic species of fish, and its wetlands are important to a number of species of rare and endangered birds.
The Amur River became contaminated by a massive toxic release on the Chinese side of the catchment basin in 2005, which effects still linger to the current time. Similarly there are extensive deposits of mercury in Amur River sediments, residual from the central planning poor management practises of the communist Soviet era.
Map of the Amur River Basin. Source: K.Musser
The length of the Amur River is 2825 kilometers, a river that boasts a myriad of islands, notably in the locale of the Sungari River confluence. The drainage area of the Amur Basin amounts to approximately 1,855,000 square kilometers. Most of the flow occurs in the spring-summer floods driven by snowmelt and in the summer-autumn floods driven by monsoonal rains; winter is thus the low flow season within the basin Headwaters of the Amur River are formed by the confluence of the Argun and Shilka Rivers at an elevation of approximately 303 metres in western Manchuria. Thence the Amur flows generally eastward and forms a border between Russia and China in an immense southeast arc.
At Huma, the Amur is joined by a major tributary, the Huma River, after which point the Amur flows generally south. Subsequently the Zeya River merges its flow and adds appreciably to the volume and width of the Amur. The northwest part of the Zeya-Bureya Plain was formed at the lower reaches of these two major tributaries and the Amur mainstem.
In the discharge zone of the Strait of Tartary, seawater near Sakhalin Island has a notably low salinity, likely due to the Amur freshwater plume and the mixing zone currents within the strait. Satellite imagery reveals that the waters of the Amur carry a high sediment load from the river mouth, with elevated sediment loads being clearly visible as far north as the Bay of Sakhalin.
Water quality
The Amur River has experienced notable episodic water pollution events, particularly in the year 2005. Particular contaminants of concern include benzene, benzopyrene, nitrobenzene, anthracene and pyrene. The 2005 incident occurred as a massive pollutant release in the Songhua River in China, with major health risk impacts to the Russian city of Khabarovsk.
Songhua River braided channels and wetlands. Source: NASA
The persistence of mercury contamination in Amur River bottom sediments is a major issue, arising from historic cinnabar mining in the basin and poor waste management practises, especially in the communist Soviet era, where industrial development was placed ahead of sound conservation practises.
There is a notable undersaturation of carbon dioxide in the Okhotsk Sea, likely due to hyperactive photosynthetic activity in the Amur Estuary. Such a circumstance could be an attractive sink for carbon capture and storage projects needing a natural sink for CO2.
Notably elevated concentrations of silicon dioxide are present within the Amur Basin soils, particularly in Brunozem crust materials as well as silicon powder in floodplain and meadow steppe soils.
Aquatic biota
Amur sturgeon juveniles. Source: EOL/Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences The largest native demersal fish species in the Amur River is the 560 centimeter (cm) long kaluga (Huso dauricus); demersal biota are those that inhabit the bottom of a surface water body. Another large demersal fish found in the Amur is the 300 cm Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii), a taxon which is endemic to the Amur basin. The green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) is a 250 cm demersal fish native to the Amur.
Other demersal endemic fish species (all in the concubitae family) of the Amur Basin are Iksookimia longicorpa, I. koreensis, I. hugowolfeldi, Cobitis melanoleuca melanoleuca and the Puan spine loach (Iksookimia pumila).
Carp family members that are endemic to the Ussuri River (a tributary of the Amur) and Lake Khanka are the small scale carp (Plagiognathops microlepis) and the black amur (Mylopharyngodon piceus). Carp species that are endemic to the Amur mainstem, Ussuri River and Lake Khanka are the black amur bream (Megalobrama terminalis) and Solitov's sheat-fish (Silurus soldatovi).
One of the large benthopelagic river fish of the Amur Basin is the 200 cm yellowcheek (Elopichthys bambusa); benthopelagic taxa are those living near the bottom of the river water column. The 122 cm Mongolian redfin (Chanodichthys mongolicus) and the 112 cm bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) are other large native benthopelagic fish found in the basin.
Terrestrial ecoregions
Amur River ecosystems. Source: World Wildlife Fund.
- Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga
- Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests
- Trans-Baikal Bald Mountain tundra
- East Siberian taiga
- Da Hinggan-Dzhagdy Mountains conifer forests
- Manchurian mixed forests
- Amur meadow steppe
- Suiphun-Khanka meadows and forest meadows
- Changbai Mountains mixed forests
- Northeast China Plain deciduous forests
- Nenjiang River grassland
- Mongolian-Manchurian grassland
- Daurian forest steppe
- Trans-Baikal conifer forests
Migrating red-crowned cranes in the Songhua basin, tributary to the Amur. @ C.Michael Hogan
The Northeast China plain deciduous forests ecoregion comprises China's largest wetland; these marshy areas support many endangered species of birds including the red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis). The plains narrow between the Changbai Mountains to the east and grasslands to the west. Here, Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica) is an important oak species with Daurian birch (Betula dahurica) and the shrubs bushclover (Lespedeza bicolor) and hazel (Corylus heterophylla). Deciduous forests dominate the plains along the Songhua River in this most extreme northeastern corner of China. More arid sites, such as south-facing slopes along with ruderal areas tend to support an association of Q. mongolica and Betula dahurica, while Acer spp. and Betula spp. thrive in wetter locations. Scrublands and the understory of drier more open forest stands support thorny shrubs such as Daurian buckthorn (Rhamnus dahuricus), hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida) and Daurian rose (Rosa dahurica).
The Amur meadow steppe covers a considerable amount of the middle reaches of the Amur Basin. This extensive meadow and wetland has resulted from the meandering of the Amur through the Amur-Heilong Valley over millennia. The most pristine wetlands are found at the Arkhara lowlands in the vicinity of the Bureya River mouth.
Part of the lower Amur Basin intersects the Ussuri-Wusili meadow and forest meadow ecoregion. The Bohai and Churgene civilizations may have caused the formation of fire tolerant meadows and Mongolian oak woodland communities. The valley was probably both a refuge and biogeographical corridor for many species during the late Pleistocene glaciation. This explains the very high level of species diversity and the presence of floral relicts. Rare and endangered animals include Siberian tiger, Far Eastern leopard. Many fish are endemic to Lake Khanka or the Ussuri, and Lake Khanka is an important site for migrating birds in eastern Asia. Certain globally rare cranes and ibises are resident here.
Prior to the emergence into the mouth taiga, the Amur River runs through a portion of the Ussuri mixed and broadleaf forests ecoregion.
The Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga is the ecoregion covering the lowest reach of the Amur River catchment. This taiga boreal forest represents the northernmost occurrences of Manchurian species.
Proso millet, one of the first crops cultivated in the Amur Basin. Source: Kurt Stüber Human habitation in the Amur Basin has been analyzed and dated to at least as early as the Neolithic Period using the proxy of obsidian extraction and trading. The chief source of high quality volcanic obsidian has been validated by neutron activation and X-ray fluorescence. That extraction locus has been shown to be the Obluchie Plateau, located in the middle reach of the Amur River, supplyied the entire middle and lower parts of the Amur River basin during prehistory.
Obsidian derived from the Basaltic Plateau source, in the lower reach of the Amur (situated in the present day Primorye Province) was found to have been exploited in the Early Neolithic (13,000 to 9000 BC). At the Suchu Island site of the Early Neolithic (cf 6600 to 5200 BC), obsidian from the more distant site Shirataki (outside of the Amur Basin) on Hokkaido Island was established. It is noteworthy that obsidian trade was evident between Hokkaido and Sakhalin Islands (outside the Amur Basin) as early as 17,000 to 16,000 BC. Sedentary agriculture in the Amur Basin can be dated to as early as 2800 to 2600 BC based upon cultivation of Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum), foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and beefsteak plant (Perilla frutescens) in the Primorye.
Moreover, some of the earliest regional extraction of obsidian derived from Baekdu Mountain, slightly south of the Amur Basin. This source was deployed about 23,000 to 18,000 BC, implying that the Amur Basin was one of the last areas to be settled by humans in this portion of east Asia.
- Anastasiya Abrosimova. Igor Zhabin and Vyacheslav Dubina. 2008. Influence of Amur River discharge on hydrological conditions of the Amurskiy Liman and Sakhalin Bay of the Sea of Okhotsk during spring-summer flood. V.I.Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Vladivostok, Russia
- Vladimir Nikolaevich Bashkin and Robert Warren Howarth. 2002. Modern biogeochemistry. Springer Publishing. 561 pages books.google.com
- Fishbase. 2010. Species in Amur
- Michael D.Glascocka, Yaroslav V.Kuzminb, Andrei V.Grebennikovc, Vladimir K.Popovc, Vitaly E.Medvedevd, Igor Y.Shewkomude, Nikolai N.Zaitsevf. 2011. Obsidian provenance for prehistoric complexes in the Amur River basin (Russian Far East). Journal of Archaeological Science Volume 38, Issue 8, August 2011, Pages 1832–1841
- N.A.Gvozdetskii and N. I. Michailov. 1978. Physical Geography of the USSR. Asian Part. Mysl, Moscow.
- F.S.Kot, K.G.Bakanov and N.A.Goryachev. 2010. Mercury in bottom sediments of the Amur River, its flood-plain lakes and estuary, Eastern Siberia. Environ Monit Assess. 168(1-4):133-40.
- V. B. Kozlovskii. 1978. Selected Features of the Water Dynamics in the Area of the Amur River Mouth, Tr. Gos. Okeanogr. Inst., No. 142, 93–99
- Yaroslav V.Kuzmin. 2008. Geoarchaeology of prehistoric cultural complexes in the Russian Far East: Recent progress and problems. Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association
- N. I. Lobanova. 1987. General Characteristic of the Mixing Zone in the Amur River Mouth. Tr. DVNII, No. 130, 33–44 (1987).
- Kon-Kee Liu, Larry Atkinson and Renato Quiñones. 2010. Carbon and Nutrient Fluxes in Continental Margins: A Global Synthesis. 741 pages Google eBook
- M.A.Peschurof. 1858. Description of the Amur River in eastern Asia. Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London: Volume 2. Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain) Google eBook
- Chittaranjan Ray and Mohamed Shamrukh. 2010. Riverbank Filtration for Water Security in Desert Countries. 303 pages. Springer Publishing. books.google.com


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this wiki
|"Is this all real? Or has this been happening inside my head?"
The subject of this article is a real-life person, group, company, product, or creative work that has been mentioned "in-universe" in a canon source. The Harry Potter Wiki is written from the perspective that all information presented in canon is true (e.g., Hogwarts really exists), and, as such, details contained in this article may differ from real world facts.
Wales is a country placed on the island of Great Britain, which borders with England. Wales has its own National Quidditch team, which in 1994 lost to Uganda during the 422nd Quidditch World Cup. Other Welsh Quidditch teams include the Caerphilly Catapults and the Holyhead Harpies. The Common Welsh Green is a Dragon breed native to Wales.
Helga Hufflepuff, one of the four founders of Hogwarts, possibly came from Wales and also former Minister of Magic, Rufus Scrimgeour.
Sometime in or prior to 1994, a mystery regarding the Dark Arts took place in Wales.
- Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (video game) (First mentioned) (PS1 version only)
- Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (Mentioned only)
- Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film) (Mentioned only)


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Our High Contrast Grey screen material has a gain of 0.8, and can improve your image's contrast by lowering the black levels. This material is a good option for digital projectors with less than spectacular contrast ratios.


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|This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title.
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Topic Contents
- General Information About Myelodysplastic Syndromes
- Treatment Option Overview
- Treatment Options for Myelodysplastic Syndromes
- Treatment Options for Relapsed or Refractory Myelodysplastic Syndromes
- To Learn More About Myelodysplastic Syndromes
- Changes to This Summary (03 / 01 / 2013)
- Get More Information From NCI
- About PDQ
Myelodysplastic Syndromes Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment - Patient Information [NCI]
This information is produced and provided by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The information in this topic may have changed since it was written. For the most current information, contact the National Cancer Institute via the Internet web site at http://cancer.gov or call 1-800-4-CANCER.
Myelodysplastic Syndromes Treatment
General Information About Myelodysplastic Syndromes
A myelodysplastic syndrome is a disease in which the bone marrow does not make enough healthy blood cells.
A myelodysplastic syndrome is a group of symptoms that includes cancer of the blood and bone marrow. In a healthy person, the bone marrow makes blood stem cells (immature cells) that become mature blood cells over time. A blood stem cell may become a myeloid stem cell or a lymphoid stem cell. A myeloid stem cell becomes one of three types of mature blood cells:
- Red blood cells that carry oxygen and other substances to all tissues of the body.
- Platelets that form blood clots to stop bleeding.
- White blood cells that fight infection and disease.
A lymphoid stem cell becomes a white blood cell.
Blood cell development. A blood stem cell goes through several steps to become a red blood cell, platelet, or white blood cell.
In a patient with a myelodysplastic syndrome, the blood stem cells (immature cells) do not become healthy red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets. The immature blood cells, called blasts, do not work the way they should and either die in the bone marrow or soon after they go into the blood. This leaves less room for healthy white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets to form in the bone marrow. When there are fewer healthy blood cells, infection, anemia, or easy bleeding may occur.
Age and past treatment with chemotherapy or radiation therapy affect the risk of a myelodysplastic syndrome.
Anything that increases your risk of getting a disease is called a risk factor. Having a risk factor does not mean that you will get a disease; not having risk factors doesn't mean that you will not get a disease. Talk with your doctor if you think you may be at risk. Risk factors for myelodysplastic syndromes include the following:
- Past treatment with chemotherapy or radiation therapy for cancer.
- Being exposed to certain chemicals, including tobacco smoke, pesticides, fertilizers, and solvents such as benzene.
- Being exposed to heavy metals, such as mercury or lead.
The cause of myelodysplastic syndromes in most patients is not known.
Possible signs of a myelodysplastic syndrome include feeling tired and shortness of breath.
Myelodysplastic syndromes often do not cause early symptoms and are sometimes found during a routine blood test. Other conditions may cause the same symptoms. Check with your doctor if you have any of the following problems:
- Shortness of breath.
- Weakness or feeling tired.
- Having skin that is paler than usual.
- Easy bruising or bleeding.
- Petechiae (flat, pinpoint spots under the skin caused by bleeding).
Tests that examine the blood and bone marrow are used to detect (find) and diagnose myelodysplastic syndromes.
The following tests and procedures may be used:
- Physical exam and history: An exam of the body to check general signs of health, including checking for signs of disease, such as lumps or anything else that seems unusual. A history of the patient's health habits and past illnesses and treatments will also be taken.
Complete blood count (CBC) with differential: A procedure in which a sample of blood is drawn and checked for the following:
- The number of red blood cells and platelets.
- The number and type of white blood cells.
- The amount of hemoglobin (the protein that carries oxygen) in the red blood cells.
- The portion of the blood sample made up of red blood cells.
Complete blood count (CBC). Blood is collected by inserting a needle into a vein and allowing the blood to flow into a tube. The blood sample is sent to the laboratory and the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are counted. The CBC is used to test for, diagnose, and monitor many different conditions.
- Peripheral blood smear: A procedure in which a sample of blood is checked for changes in the number, type, shape, and size of blood cells and for too much iron in the red blood cells.
- Cytogenetic analysis: A test in which cells in a sample of blood or bone marrow are viewed under a microscope to look for certain changes in the chromosomes.
Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy: The removal of bone marrow, blood, and a small piece of bone by inserting a hollow needle into the hipbone or breastbone. A pathologist views the bone marrow, blood, and bone under a microscope to look for abnormal cells.
Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. After a small area of skin is numbed, a Jamshidi needle (a long, hollow needle) is inserted into the patient's hip bone. Samples of blood, bone, and bone marrow are removed for examination under a microscope.
The different types of myelodysplastic syndromes are diagnosed based on certain changes in the blood cells and bone marrow.
- Refractory anemia: There are too few red blood cells in the blood and the patient has anemia. The number of white blood cells and platelets is normal.
- Refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts: There are too few red blood cells in the blood and the patient has anemia. The red blood cells have too much iron inside the cell. The number of white blood cells and platelets is normal.
- Refractory anemia with excess blasts: There are too few red blood cells in the blood and the patient has anemia. Five percent to 19% of the cells in the bone marrow are blasts. There also may be changes to the white blood cells and platelets. Refractory anemia with excess blasts may progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). See the PDQ Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment summary for more information.
- Refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia: There are too few of at least two types of blood cells (red blood cells, platelets, or white blood cells). Less than 5% of the cells in the bone marrow are blasts and less than 1% of the cells in the blood are blasts. If red blood cells are affected, they may have extra iron. Refractory cytopenia may progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
- Refractory cytopenia with unilineage dysplasia: There are too few of one type of blood cell (red blood cells, platelets, or white blood cells). There are changes in 10% or more of two other types of blood cells. Less than 5% of the cells in the bone marrow are blasts and less than 1% of the cells in the blood are blasts.
- Unclassifiable myelodysplastic syndrome: The numbers of blasts in the bone marrow and blood are normal, and the disease is not one of the other myelodysplastic syndromes.
- Myelodysplastic syndrome associated with an isolated del(5q) chromosome abnormality: There are too few red blood cells in the blood and the patient has anemia. Less than 5% of the cells in the bone marrow and blood are blasts. There is a specific change in the chromosome.
- Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML): See the PDQ summary on Myelodysplastic/ Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Treatment for more information.
See the PDQ summary on Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders Treatment for information about other blood cell diseases.
Certain factors affect prognosis and treatment options.
The prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options depend on the following:
- The number of blast cells in the bone marrow.
- Whether one or more types of blood cells are affected.
- Whether the patient has symptoms of anemia, bleeding, or infection.
- Whether the patient has a low or high risk of leukemia.
- Certain changes in the chromosomes.
- Whether the myelodysplastic syndrome occurred after chemotherapy or radiation therapy for cancer.
- The age and general health of the patient.
Treatment Option Overview
There are different types of treatment for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes.
Different types of treatment are available for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Some treatments are standard (the currently used treatment), and some are being tested in clinical trials. A treatment clinical trial is a research study meant to help improve current treatments or obtain information on new treatments for patients with cancer. When clinical trials show that a new treatment is better than the standard treatment, the new treatment may become the standard treatment. Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment.
Treatment for myelodysplastic syndromes include supportive care, drug therapy, and stem cell transplantation.
Patients with a myelodysplastic syndrome who have symptoms caused by low blood counts are given supportive care to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life. Drug therapy may be used to slow progression of the disease. Certain patients can be cured with aggressive treatment with chemotherapy followed by stem cell transplant using stem cells from a donor.
Three types of standard treatment are used:
Supportive care
Supportive care is given to lessen the problems caused by the disease or its treatment. Supportive care may include the following:
Transfusion therapy
Transfusion therapy (blood transfusion) is a method of giving red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets to replace blood cells destroyed by disease or treatment. A red blood cell transfusion is given when the red blood cell count is low and symptoms of anemia, such as feeling very tired and shortness of breath, occur. A platelet transfusion is usually given when the patient is bleeding, is having a procedure that may cause bleeding, or when the platelet count is very low.
Patients who receive many blood cell transfusions may have tissue and organ damage caused by the buildup of extra iron. These patients may be treated with iron chelation therapy to remove the extra iron from the blood.
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) may be given to increase the number of mature red blood cells made by the body and to lessen the effects of anemia. Sometimes granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is given with ESAs to help the treatment work better.
Antibiotic therapy
Antibiotics may be given to fight infection.
Drug Therapy
Patients with myelodysplastic syndrome associated with an isolated del(5q) chromosome abnormality who need frequent red blood cell transfusions may be treated with lenalidomide. Lenalidomide is used to lessen the need for red blood cell transfusions.
Immunosuppressive therapy
Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) works to suppress or weaken the immune system. It is used to lessen the need for red blood cell transfusions.
Azacitidine and decitabine
Azacitidine and decitabine are used to treat myelodysplastic syndromes by killing cells that are dividing rapidly. They also help genes that are involved in cell growth to work the way they should. Treatment with azacitidine and decitabine may slow the progression of myelodysplastic syndromes to acute myeloid leukemia.
Chemotherapy used in acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
Patients with a myelodysplastic syndrome and a high number of blasts in their bone marrow have a high risk of acute leukemia. They may be treated with the same chemotherapy regimen used in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
Chemotherapy with stem cell transplant
Stem cell transplant is a method of giving chemotherapy and replacing blood-forming cells destroyed by the treatment. Stem cells (immature blood cells) are removed from the blood or bone marrow of a donor and are frozen for storage. After the chemotherapy is completed, the stored stem cells are thawed and given back to the patient through an infusion. These reinfused stem cells grow into (and restore) the body's blood cells.
This treatment may not work as well in patients whose myelodysplastic syndrome was caused by past treatment for cancer.
|Stem Cell Transplant
|Stem cell transplant (Step 1). Blood is taken from a vein in the arm of the donor. The patient or another person may be the donor. The blood flows through a machine that removes the stem cells. Then the blood is returned to the donor through a vein in the other arm.
|Stem cell transplant (Step 2). The patient receives chemotherapy to kill blood-forming cells. The patient may receive radiation therapy (not shown).
|Stem cell transplant (Step 3). The patient receives stem cells through a catheter placed into a blood vessel in the chest.
New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials.
Information about clinical trials is available from the NCI Web site.
Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial.
For some patients, taking part in a clinical trial may be the best treatment choice. Clinical trials are part of the cancer research process. Clinical trials are done to find out if new cancer treatments are safe and effective or better than the standard treatment.
Many of today's standard treatments for cancer are based on earlier clinical trials. Patients who take part in a clinical trial may receive the standard treatment or be among the first to receive a new treatment.
Patients who take part in clinical trials also help improve the way cancer will be treated in the future. Even when clinical trials do not lead to effective new treatments, they often answer important questions and help move research forward.
Patients can enter clinical trials before, during, or after starting their treatment.
Some clinical trials only include patients who have not yet received treatment. Other trials test treatments for patients whose cancer has not gotten better. There are also clinical trials that test new ways to stop cancer from recurring (coming back) or reduce the side effects of cancer treatment.
Clinical trials are taking place in many parts of the country. See the Treatment Options section that follows for links to current treatment clinical trials. These have been retrieved from NCI's listing of clinical trials.
Follow-up tests may be needed.
Some of the tests that were done to diagnose the cancer or to find out the stage of the cancer may be repeated. Some tests will be repeated in order to see how well the treatment is working. Decisions about whether to continue, change, or stop treatment may be based on the results of these tests. This is sometimes called re-staging.
Some of the tests will continue to be done from time to time after treatment has ended. The results of these tests can show if your condition has changed or if the cancer has recurred (come back). These tests are sometimes called follow-up tests or check-ups.
Treatment Options for Myelodysplastic Syndromes
A link to a list of current clinical trials is included for this treatment section. Check with your doctor for clinical trials that are not listed here but may be right for you.
Standard Treatment Options for Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Standard treatment options for myelodysplastic syndromes include:
- Supportive care with one or more of the following:
- Transfusion therapy.
- Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents.
- Antibiotic therapy.
- Treatments to slow progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML):
- Lenalidomide.
- Immunosuppressive therapy.
- Azacitidine and decitabine.
- Chemotherapy used in acute myeloid leukemia.
- Chemotherapy with stem cell transplant.
Treatment of Therapy-Related Myeloid Neoplasms
Patients who were treated in the past with chemotherapy or radiation therapy may develop myeloid neoplasms related to that therapy. Treatment options are the same as for other myelodysplastic syndromes.
Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI's list of cancer clinical trials that are now accepting patients with adult myelodysplastic syndromes. For more specific results, refine the search by using other search features, such as the location of the trial, the type of treatment, or the name of the drug. General information about clinical trials is available from the NCI Web site.
Treatment Options for Relapsed or Refractory Myelodysplastic Syndromes
There is no standard treatment for refractory or relapsed myelodysplastic syndromes. Patients whose cancer does not respond to treatment or has come back after treatment may want to take part in a clinical trial.
Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI's list of cancer clinical trials that are now accepting patients with adult myelodysplastic syndromes. For more specific results, refine the search by using other search features, such as the location of the trial, the type of treatment, or the name of the drug. General information about clinical trials is available from the NCI Web site.
To Learn More About Myelodysplastic Syndromes
For more information from the National Cancer Institute about myelodysplastic syndromes, see the following:
- Understanding Cancer Series: Blood Stem Cell Transplants
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation
For general cancer information and other resources from the National Cancer Institute, see the following:
- What You Need to Know About™ Cancer
- Understanding Cancer Series: Cancer
- Cancer Staging
- Chemotherapy and You: Support for People With Cancer
- Radiation Therapy and You: Support for People With Cancer
- Coping with Cancer: Supportive and Palliative Care
- Questions to Ask Your Doctor About Cancer
- Cancer Library
- Information For Survivors/Caregivers/Advocates
Changes to This Summary (03 / 01 / 2013)
The PDQ cancer information summaries are reviewed regularly and updated as new information becomes available. This section describes the latest changes made to this summary as of the date above.
Changes were made to this summary to match those made to the health professional version.
Get More Information From NCI
Call 1-800-4-CANCER
For more information, U.S. residents may call the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) Cancer Information Service toll-free at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) Monday through Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Time. A trained Cancer Information Specialist is available to answer your questions.
Chat online
The NCI's LiveHelp® online chat service provides Internet users with the ability to chat online with an Information Specialist. The service is available from 8:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. Eastern time, Monday through Friday. Information Specialists can help Internet users find information on NCI Web sites and answer questions about cancer.
Write to us
For more information from the NCI, please write to this address:
|NCI Public Inquiries Office
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|6116 Executive Boulevard, MSC8322
|Bethesda, MD 20892-8322
Search the NCI Web site
The NCI Web site provides online access to information on cancer, clinical trials, and other Web sites and organizations that offer support and resources for cancer patients and their families. For a quick search, use the search box in the upper right corner of each Web page. The results for a wide range of search terms will include a list of "Best Bets," editorially chosen Web pages that are most closely related to the search term entered.
There are also many other places to get materials and information about cancer treatment and services. Hospitals in your area may have information about local and regional agencies that have information on finances, getting to and from treatment, receiving care at home, and dealing with problems related to cancer treatment.
Find Publications
The NCI has booklets and other materials for patients, health professionals, and the public. These publications discuss types of cancer, methods of cancer treatment, coping with cancer, and clinical trials. Some publications provide information on tests for cancer, cancer causes and prevention, cancer statistics, and NCI research activities. NCI materials on these and other topics may be ordered online or printed directly from the NCI Publications Locator. These materials can also be ordered by telephone from the Cancer Information Service toll-free at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
About PDQ
PDQ is a comprehensive cancer database available on NCI's Web site.
PDQ is the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) comprehensive cancer information database. Most of the information contained in PDQ is available online at NCI's Web site. PDQ is provided as a service of the NCI. The NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health, the federal government's focal point for biomedical research.
PDQ contains cancer information summaries.
The PDQ database contains summaries of the latest published information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment, supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine. Most summaries are available in two versions. The health professional versions provide detailed information written in technical language. The patient versions are written in easy-to-understand, nontechnical language. Both versions provide current and accurate cancer information.
Images in the PDQ summaries are used with permission of the author(s), artist, and/or publisher for use within the PDQ summaries only. Permission to use images outside the context of PDQ information must be obtained from the owner(s) and cannot be granted by the National Cancer Institute. Information about using the illustrations in the PDQ summaries, along with many other cancer-related images, are available in Visuals Online, a collection of over 2,000 scientific images.
The PDQ cancer information summaries are developed by cancer experts and reviewed regularly.
Editorial Boards made up of experts in oncology and related specialties are responsible for writing and maintaining the cancer information summaries. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made as new information becomes available. The date on each summary ("Date Last Modified") indicates the time of the most recent change.
PDQ also contains information on clinical trials.
A clinical trial is a study to answer a scientific question, such as whether one treatment is better than another. Trials are based on past studies and what has been learned in the laboratory. Each trial answers certain scientific questions in order to find new and better ways to help cancer patients. During treatment clinical trials, information is collected about the effects of a new treatment and how well it works. If a clinical trial shows that a new treatment is better than one currently being used, the new treatment may become "standard." Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment.
Listings of clinical trials are included in PDQ and are available online at NCI's Web site. Descriptions of the trials are available in health professional and patient versions. Many cancer doctors who take part in clinical trials are also listed in PDQ. For more information, call the Cancer Information Service 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
Last Revised: 2013-03-01
If you want to know more about cancer and how it is treated, or if you wish to know about clinical trials for your type of cancer, you can call the NCI's Cancer Information Service at 1-800-422-6237, toll free. A trained information specialist can talk with you and answer your questions.
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
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Windsor at Pine Ridge is conveniently located off of Route 1 (Washington Blvd) and only 1 mile north of Route 100. Using Route 100 will gain easy access to Interstate 95, 295 (The BW Parkway) and Route 29. For 695 (Baltimore Beltway) and 495 (Capital Beltway) just jump on I-95 and you will be there in a matter of minutes.
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Vernon and Petunia Dursley's cars
this wiki
The Dursley family have owned a few cars over the years.
This was the first car owned by the family. Vernon drove this car to work on 1 November, 1981. On this day Vernon saw a number of unusual things travelling to and from work.
This car was owned by the Dursley family in at least 1991, possibly earlier. Vernon Dursley nearly crashed it while on the way to the Zoo, when Harry Potter mentioned that he had had a dream about a flying motorbike.
At the beginning of the summer holidays, Vernon acquired a brand new company car. While the Dursleys stood outside "loudly" admiring the new car, Harry was able to use this time alone in the house to sneak some of his spell books out of the cupboard that Vernon had locked them in. Presumably this was the same car that the Dursleys, along with Hestia Jones and Dedalus Diggle, used to depart from 4 Privet Drive for the last time on 27 July, 1997.
Behind the scenes
- In the film adaptation of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, all of the cars on Privet Drive, including the one owned by the Dursley's in 1991, are the same model, a circa-2000 Vauxhall Vectra estate. During the short scene in 1981, every car on the street appears to be a 1990 Vauxhall Cavalier.
- In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1 the car is a 2008 Vauxhall Vectra Sedan.
- In all three instances, the cars are taken from a timeline which considers the film's release date as the present day. This means that using the original timeline, they are all anachronisms, as none would have been available at the actual date.
- Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (First appearance)
- Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)
- Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
- Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
- Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film)
- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1
- LEGO Harry Potter: Years 1-4
- Pottermore


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|This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
Giovanni may refer to:
- Giovanni, the Viridian City Gym's Gym Leader in the games
- Giovanni, the leader of Team Rocket in the anime.
- Giovanni, the leader of Team Rocket and the Viridian Gym Leader in the Red, Blue and Green Chapter of Pokémon Adventures manga.


text: Sturdy storage made stylish. Our Monorail System is an all-in-one way to organize a closet, pantry or laundry room. The adjustable rods and shelves hook directly onto vertical wall rails and we include everything you need to hang it and use it. Order by the set based on what you want to organize.