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36 U.S. Code § 301 - National anthem
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(a) Designation.— The composition consisting of the words and music known as the Star-Spangled Banner is the national anthem.
(b) Conduct During Playing.— During a rendition of the national anthem—
(1) when the flag is displayed—
(A) individuals in uniform should give the military salute at the first note of the anthem and maintain that position until the last note;
(B) members of the Armed Forces and veterans who are present but not in uniform may render the military salute in the manner provided for individuals in uniform; and
Source(Pub. L. 105–225, Aug. 12, 1998, 112 Stat. 1263; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title V, § 595,Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4475.)
|Revised Section
|Source (U.S. Code)
|Source (Statutes at Large)
|Mar. 3, 1931, ch. 436, 46 Stat. 1508.
|June 22, 1942, ch. 435, § 6, 56 Stat. 380; Dec. 22, 1942, ch. 806, § 6, 56 Stat. 1077; July 7, 1976, Pub. L. 94–344, § 1(18), 90 Stat. 812.
2008—Subsec. (b)(1)(A) to (C). Pub. L. 110–417added subpars. (A) to (C) and struck out former subpars. (A) to (C) which read as follows:
"(A) all present except those in uniform should stand at attention facing the flag with the right hand over the heart;
"(B) men not in uniform should remove their headdress with their right hand and hold the headdress at the left shoulder, the hand being over the heart; and
"(C) individuals in uniform should give the military salute at the first note of the anthem and maintain that position until the last note; and".
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Upcoming colloquium presented by Akron section of ACSPosted Oct. 19, 2010
On Thursday, October 21st, join us in the Williams Hall lobby for pizza and beverages beginning at 3:45pm. A seminar, sponsored by the Akron section of the American Chemical Society, will begin shortly after this in room 110 Williams Hall. The importance of the American Chemical Society will be discussed, as well as membership benefits and why people from all chemical-related fields and education levels should become members of the Society. Information regarding the Akron Local Section will also be presented.
The American Chemical Society (ACS) is the world's largest scientific society with over 160,000 members. The ACS is a non-profit organization committed to improving people's lives through the transforming power of chemistry. The Society is made up of 189 local sections throughout the USA, 34 technical divisions, and represents members from over 100 countries. The ACS publishes numerous scientific journals and databases, convenes major research conferences and provides educational, science policy and career programs in chemistry. In addition, the Society plays a leadership role in educating and communicating with public policy makers and the general public about the importance of chemistry in our lives. The includes identifying new solutions, improving public health, protecting the environment and contributing to the economy.

subset: commoncrawl


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Review Details
Ameda Purely Yours Ultra Breast Pump
- Product Review (submitted on August 9, 2009):
- I've read some reviews on here for the previous version of the Ameda Purely Yours, which say that this pump is superior to the Medela in terms of efficiency. I wouldn't go quite that far. I think it is just as efficient as the Medela Free Style. But it is $100 cheaper, so that scores a win in the Ameda column. It is not a "hands-free" pump, but I've found that with a good nursing bra, I can place the shields in my bra, and after suction starts, let them go. They will stay in place, and I can continue to do work. Major plus. Even better, no nipple trauma. The pump comes with three different size nipple shields, and there is an option to order another larger size. I am using the largest size and unlike the Medela, the breast shield size is the same as the smaller sizes. I have no problems with the fit!
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Comfort. Breastfeeding, while important and healthy, also needs to be done in a way that is comfortable. Ameda's breast pumps are designed to fit comfortably, and come in many different styles and shapes in order to fit to your needs and comfort levels.
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Even with a substantial pre-run meal, my body was still lacking energy and key nutrients. Since then, I have perfected my fueling and finished strong. Based on my research and testing of different fueling methods, here are my top tips to fuel during a half marathon:
Featured Events
More: 4 Fully Loaded Meals to Carry You Through Race Day
1. Create a plan.
Practice your nutrition during training runs and avoid trying anything new on race day. Map out where the water stations will be and know what food and drinks you will need to carry.
2. Remember to hydrate.
Drink every 20 minutes. If you feel thirsty, you are past the point of dehydration.
More: How to Avoid Dehydration on Race Day
3. Avoid commercial gels.
Pre-packed gels and sport products can trigger stomach issues. Personally, I am unable to tolerate these forms of fuel. In some runners, these fuels are known to cause diarrhea and can result in digestive distress.
However, they are a quick and efficient energy source on race day if you can tolerate them. Make sure you try these products ahead of time so you know your tolerance level.
More: 6 Nutrition Tips to Avoid Stomach Pain
4. Explore alternative fuel methods.
Great alternative fuel sources are:
- Fig Newtons
- Swedish Fish
- Gummy Candies
- Pretzels
- Protein Bars
Candy provides an immediate sugar rush and helps prevent a light-headed feeling. Protein bars are better for long-term fuel and can last much longer. Pretzels are great if you have a high sweat rate and are losing sodium.


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Daily Cartoon010 LWP & Clock
by Arts with UrumaDelvi
Developer Notes
This is an entertaining Android app based on comic characters created by "UrumaDelvi". It is an entertaining app vol.10, which is a combination of live wallpaper, clock widgets and memo pad widgets focused on "Daily Cartoon". The contents are full of illustrations, comic characters, convenient...


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The Power of Independent Thinking
Jeffrey A. Miron on Legalizing Drugs
Recorded: Friday, November 20, 2009
Originally aired on 11/20/09 on FoxBusiness.com Live. Jeffrey A. Miron, Research Fellow at the Independent Institute and author of Drug War Crimes, argues in favor of legalizing marijuana and other drugs in the U.S.
Experts: Jeffrey A. MironType: TelevisionIssues: Crime, Criminal Justice/ Prisons, Drugs (Illicit)
Stephen Halbrook Testifies in Opposition to Eric Holder
Recorded: Friday, January 16, 2009
Stephen Halbrook testifies before the Senate Judiciary Committee in opposition to Attorney General nominee Eric Holder.
Experts: Stephen P. HalbrookType: TelevisionIssues: Constitutional Law, Criminal Justice/ Prisons, Gun Control, Law Enforcement


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Hyperflex AMP 3 Wind Series 5/3mm Mens Front Zip Fullsuit, Black/Blue
The new Hyperflex AMP 3 Wind Series 5/3mm men s Front Zip Fullsuit, Black/Blue is the most flexible and warmest wetsuit we have ever produced, special for wind sailboats crew members. The AQ3 thermal lined interior fabric maintains the main warmth without sacrificing flexibility. If you are exposed to very low temperatures and very cold winds, than this 5.3 mm. thermal linen is going to protect you against the weather. The A.D.S. aqua vent drain system helps to flush as much water as possible, a good way to proceed and enjoy the durability of this wetsuit. This Hyperflex AMP 3 Wind Series 5/3mm men s Front Zip Fullsuit, Black/Blue is the perfect choice for your water activities.
This product has a limited warranty of 12 months.
(800) 222-0347


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May 2, 2016
Wednesday, April 24, 2013
ROBINS AIR FORCE BASE, Ga. (AP) -- Military crews in central Georgia are preparing to move a jet donated by actor John Travolta to its new home in an aviation museum.
Robins Air Force Base officials said workers on Wednesday were removing the tail section of the Gulfstream G-2 executive jet in preparation for its move to the Museum of Aviation in Warner Robins.
Travolta, who is a pilot, donated the plane in honor of his son Jett, who died in 2009.
The plane will soon be on exhibit in the museum.
(Copyright 2013, The Associated Press)
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


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Richard Velloso Coffee Table
Act fast! Items with prices ending in $0.99 are final sale.
No longer available
Locals only. Our Brooklyn neighbor, furniture maker Richard Velloso, celebrates the beauty of natural patina with his elegantly rough-hewn tables. Just for us, he translates his love of raw materials into this solid wood and metal coffee table.
Created in collaboration with Richard Velloso.
Learn more
44"w x 23.5"d x 17"h.
Solid mango wood in Whiskey finish.
Blackened metal legs.
Bottom shelf provides extra storage space.
Assembly required.
Wipe clean.
Made in India.


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38 U.S. Code § 306 - Under Secretary for Benefits
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(a) There is in the Department an Under Secretary for Benefits, who is appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Under Secretary for Benefits shall be appointed without regard to political affiliation or activity and solely on the basis of demonstrated ability in—
(b) The Under Secretary for Benefits is the head of, and is directly responsible to the Secretary for the operations of, the Veterans Benefits Administration.
(1) Whenever a vacancy in the position of Under Secretary for Benefits occurs or is anticipated, the Secretary shall establish a commission to recommend individuals to the President for appointment to the position.
(2) A commission established under this subsection shall be composed of the following members appointed by the Secretary:
(A) Three persons representing education and training, real estate, mortgage finance, and related industries, and survivor benefits activities affected by the Veterans Benefits Administration.
(C) Two persons who have experience in the management of veterans benefits programs or programs of similar content and scope.
(E) The chairman of the Veterans' Advisory Committee on Education formed under section 3692 of this title.
(3) A commission established under this subsection shall recommend at least three individuals for appointment to the position of Under Secretary for Benefits. The commission shall submit all recommendations to the Secretary. The Secretary shall forward the recommendations to the President with any comments the Secretary considers appropriate. Thereafter, the President may request the commission to recommend additional individuals for appointment.
Source(Added and amended Pub. L. 102–83, §§ 2(a), 4(a)(3), (4),Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 380, 404; Pub. L. 102–405, title III, § 302(c)(1),Oct. 9, 1992, 106 Stat. 1984; Pub. L. 103–446, title XII, § 1201(c)(2), (e)(2),Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4683, 4685; Pub. L. 109–461, title II, § 210(b),Dec. 22, 2006, 120 Stat. 3418.)
Prior Provisions
Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 3(c) ofPub. L. 100–527, known as the Department of Veterans Affairs Act, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 102–83, § 3(3).
2006—Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 109–461redesignated subsec. (d) as (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which read as follows: "The Under Secretary for Benefits shall be appointed for a period of four years, with reappointment permissible for successive like periods. If the President removes the Under Secretary for Benefits before the completion of the term for which the Under Secretary for Benefits was appointed, the President shall communicate the reasons for the removal to Congress."
1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–446, § 1201(c)(2)(A), substituted "an Under Secretary" for "a Under Secretary".
Subsec. (d)(2)(F). Pub. L. 103–446, § 1201(c)(2)(B), (e)(2), substituted "Chief Benefits Director of the Veterans' Administration)" for "Under Secretary for Benefits of the Department)" and "commission" for "Commission".
1992—Pub. L. 102–405substituted "Under Secretary for Benefits" for "Chief Benefits Director" wherever appearing.
1991—Subsec. (d)(2)(F). Pub. L. 102–83, § 4(a)(3), (4), substituted "Department" for "Veterans' Administration".
Change of Name
Pub. L. 102–405, title III, § 302(b),Oct. 9, 1992, 106 Stat. 1984, provided that: "The position of Chief Benefits Director of the Department of Veterans Affairs is hereby redesignated as Under Secretary for Benefits of the Department of Veterans Affairs."
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On their wat to Ecruteak City, Ash and co. are dismayed that the bridge will be out for six months. They encounter a fisherman who says he'll take them across the river if they can catch a Sudowoodo. While trying to find one Ash encounter two arguing scientists named Pierre and Marie. They are fighting over what type Sudowoodo is. Who is more right, and why does Sudowoodo have a fear of water?
Pokémon Debuts
- The scientists are named after Pierre and Marie Curie.
- The entire plot of this episode revolves around Ash and co. trying to get across the river, but they never think of using their water Pokemon (Totodile, Staryu and Goldeen) to carry them across as they've done many times before.
- Pierre and Marie argue over whether Sudowoodo is a Grass-type or a Rock-type, but no one ever considers that it could be dual-type and be both.
- Everyone is surprised that Sudowoodo, or any Pokemon, would use old dried leaves for a Razor Leaf attack, suggesting that Pokemon with this attack do not produce the leaves they use, but instead keep a store of them on or in their bodies.
|This article is an anime stub.
Please help the Pokémon Wiki by expanding it.
| This article has an incomplete plot or synopsis.
Reason: N/A
Please help the Pokémon Wiki by expanding it.


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Your look will be as sweet as honey with our Deluxe Adult Bear Mascot Costume. This animal outfit includes a mascot jumpsuit, bear mask head, and foot covers. This furry bear bodysuit features a white belly panel and honey brown arms and legs. Mittens cap off the sleeves so none of your skin is showing. This lets you remain anonymous when performing or entertaining. Make sure to equip your ensemble with accessories like cold pack inserts, vests, and neck collars. Ice packs will ensure that you do not become overheated or dehydrated when wearing a mascot suit for long periods. You should also be sure to take breaks and drink plenty of water. Make sure your child's birthday is a blast or simply impress your friends with our men's mascot honey bear costume.
Our Price: $25.97
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If you want to be surrounded by some of the smartest students in the US and get the most bang for your buck, you may want to consider one of the following universities.
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Beauty and the Beast will end after its upcoming fourth season, according to
Hey,Check out the Fallasburg Historical Society mobile app I just used! Powered by Como: http://www.como.com I truly love the app. It has all the features including contacts, photos, video, forms, about, twitter and facebook feeds. I have a...
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Originally posted on Fallasburg Today:Visit Fallasburg this fall By Emma Palova Lowell, MI- As the leaves turn burning red and the nights grow longer, the forgotten...
(NewsUSA) - If you happen to be a smoker, you probably feel unfairly...
Naomie Harris said her James Bond co-star
Cheboygan Directory
Business Name
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Take a break to enjoy this Friday's seasonal lunch buffet at the Tower Club.
-- 6 Convenient parking spots designated for Tower Club patrons during lunch time.
-- Great venue for a meeting or a relaxing lunch with a commanding view of Cayuga Lake and the surrounding area.
-- Tower Club features a different themed menu every Friday, so please join us!
To reserve your table at the top, call: 607-274-3393.
Bountiful Harvest Lunch Buffet
-- Friday, October 11th, Tower Club/14th Floor/E. Tower
-- Lunch is Served from: 11:30am - 1:30pm
Individuals with disabilities requiring accommodations should contact Rachel Marks at email@example.com or (607) 274-5899. We ask that requests for accommodations be made as soon as possible.
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|By PR Newswire
Article Rating:
|January 6, 2014 05:00 AM EST
HOD HASHARON, Israel, January 6, 2014 /PRNewswire/ --
Allot Communications Ltd. (NASDAQ: ALLT) will host a conference call to discuss its fourth quarter 2013 earnings results on Tuesday, February 11, 2014, at 8:30 AM ET and 3:30 PM Israel time. The quarterly financial results will be published prior to the conference call.
To access the conference call, please dial one of the following numbers: US: +1646 254 3366, UK: +44(0)203 4271907, Israel: +97237219510, participant code 8126338.
A replay of the conference call will be available from 12:00 AM ET on February 11, 2014 through March 10, 2014 at 6:59 PM ET time. To access the replay, please dial: US: +1 347 366 9565; UK: +44 (0)20 3427 0598, access code: 8126338.
A live webcast of the conference call can be accessed on the Allot Communications website at http://www.allot.com. The webcast will also be archived on the website following the conference call.
About Allot Communications
Allot Communications Ltd. (NASDAQ, TASE: ALLT) is a leading global provider of intelligent broadband solutions that put mobile, fixed and enterprise networks at the center of the digital lifestyle and workstyle. Allot's DPI-based solutions identify and leverage the business intelligence in data networks, empowering operators to analyze, protect, improve and enrich the digital lifestyle services they deliver. Allot's unique blend of innovative technology, proven know-how and collaborative approach to industry standards and partnerships enables network operators worldwide to elevate their role in the digital lifestyle ecosystem and to open the door to a wealth of new business opportunities. For more information, please visit http://www.allot.com
Investor Relations Contact:
Rami Rozen
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International access code +972-52-569-4441
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SOURCE Allot Communications Ltd.
Between the mockups and specs produced by analysts, and resulting applications built by developers, there exists a gulf where projects fail, costs spiral, and applications disappoint. Methodologies like Agile attempt to address this with intensified communication, with partial success but many limitations. In his session at 18th Cloud Expo, Charles Kendrick, CTO & Chief Architect at Isomorphic Software, will present a revolutionary model enabled by new technologies. Learn how business and devel...
May. 1, 2016 04:15 AM EDT Reads: 1,734
SYS-CON Events announced today that Peak 10, Inc., a national IT infrastructure and cloud services provider, will exhibit at SYS-CON's 18th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on June 7-9, 2016, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. Peak 10 provides reliable, tailored data center and network services, cloud and managed services. Its solutions are designed to scale and adapt to customers' changing business needs, enabling them to lower costs, improve performance and focus inter...
May. 1, 2016 12:00 AM EDT Reads: 1,065
You think you know what's in your data. But do you? Most organizations are now aware of the business intelligence represented by their data. Data science stands to take this to a level you never thought of – literally. The techniques of data science, when used with the capabilities of Big Data technologies, can make connections you had not yet imagined, helping you discover new insights and ask new questions of your data. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Sarbjit Sarkaria, data science team lead ...
Apr. 30, 2016 10:45 PM EDT Reads: 698
So, you bought into the current machine learning craze and went on to collect millions/billions of records from this promising new data source. Now, what do you do with them? Too often, the abundance of data quickly turns into an abundance of problems. How do you extract that "magic essence" from your data without falling into the common pitfalls? In her session at @ThingsExpo, Natalia Ponomareva, Software Engineer at Google, will provide tips on how to be successful in large scale machine lear...
Apr. 30, 2016 10:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,101
If there is anything we have learned by now, is that every business paves their own unique path for releasing software- every pipeline, implementation and practices are a bit different, and DevOps comes in all shapes and sizes. Software delivery practices are often comprised of set of several complementing (or even competing) methodologies – such as leveraging Agile, DevOps and even a mix of ITIL, to create the combination that's most suitable for your organization and that maximize your busines...
Apr. 30, 2016 08:15 PM EDT Reads: 1,805
Struggling to keep up with increasing application demand? Learn how Platform as a Service (PaaS) can streamline application development processes and make resource management easy.
Apr. 30, 2016 08:00 PM EDT Reads: 2,063
In his session at @ThingsExpo, Chris Klein, CEO and Co-founder of Rachio, will discuss next generation communities that are using IoT to create more sustainable, intelligent communities. One example is Sterling Ranch, a 10,000 home development that – with the help of Siemens – will integrate IoT technology into the community to provide residents with energy and water savings as well as intelligent security. Everything from stop lights to sprinkler systems to building infrastructures will run ef...
Apr. 30, 2016 05:30 PM EDT Reads: 721
Whether your IoT service is connecting cars, homes, appliances, wearable, cameras or other devices, one question hangs in the balance – how do you actually make money from this service? The ability to turn your IoT service into profit requires the ability to create a monetization strategy that is flexible, scalable and working for you in real-time. It must be a transparent, smoothly implemented strategy that all stakeholders – from customers to the board – will be able to understand and comprehe...
Apr. 30, 2016 04:45 PM EDT Reads: 1,064
Machine Learning helps make complex systems more efficient. By applying advanced Machine Learning techniques such as Cognitive Fingerprinting, wind project operators can utilize these tools to learn from collected data, detect regular patterns, and optimize their own operations. In his session at 18th Cloud Expo, Stuart Gillen, Director of Business Development at SparkCognition, will discuss how research has demonstrated the value of Machine Learning in delivering next generation analytics to im...
Apr. 30, 2016 04:15 PM EDT Reads: 1,669
In the world of DevOps there are 'known good practices' – aka 'patterns' – and 'known bad practices' – aka 'anti-patterns.' Many of these patterns and anti-patterns have been developed from real world experience, especially by the early adopters of DevOps theory; but many are more feasible in theory than in practice, especially for more recent entrants to the DevOps scene. In this power panel at @DevOpsSummit at 18th Cloud Expo, moderated by DevOps Conference Chair Andi Mann, panelists will dis...
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See storage differently! Storage performance problems have only gotten worse and harder to solve as applications have become largely virtualized and moved to a cloud-based infrastructure. Storage performance in a virtualized environment is not just about IOPS, it is about how well that potential performance is guaranteed to individual VMs for these apps as the number of VMs keep going up real time. In his session at 18th Cloud Expo, Dhiraj Sehgal, in product and marketing at Tintri, will discu...
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Unless you don't use the internet, don't live in California, or haven't been paying attention to the recent news… you should be aware that self-driving cars are on their way to becoming a reality. I have seen them – they are real. If you believe in the future reality of self-driving cars, then continue reading on. If you don't believe in the future possibilities, then I am not sure what to do to convince you other than discuss the very real changes that will roll out with the consumer producti...
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Up until last year, enterprises that were looking into cloud services usually undertook a long-term pilot with one of the large cloud providers, running test and dev workloads in the cloud. With cloud's transition to mainstream adoption in 2015, and with enterprises migrating more and more workloads into the cloud and in between public and private environments, the single-provider approach must be revisited. In his session at 18th Cloud Expo, Yoav Mor, multi-cloud solution evangelist at Cloudy...
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There is an ever-growing explosion of new devices that are connected to the Internet using "cloud" solutions. This rapid growth is creating a massive new demand for efficient access to data. And it's not just about connecting to that data anymore. This new demand is bringing new issues and challenges and it is important for companies to scale for the coming growth. And with that scaling comes the need for greater security, gathering and data analysis, storage, connectivity and, of course, the...
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This is not a small hotel event. It is also not a big vendor party where politicians and entertainers are more important than real content. This is Cloud Expo, the world's longest-running conference and exhibition focused on Cloud Computing and all that it entails. If you want serious presentations and valuable insight about Cloud Computing for three straight days, then register now for Cloud Expo.
Apr. 30, 2016 02:30 PM EDT Reads: 1,720


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Wednesday, May 16, 2012
The Advanced Style Ladies in The New York Post
Check out this great video the New York Post made of Ruth and Mary!
5 comments:
- The House Of Darling - Darling Bonnie said...
How awesome. They are both such dolls. again it proves that things just get better with time!
Darling Bonnie
- May 16, 2012 at 7:48 PM
- Sparkly Jules said...
I love your blog. I hope I get to be an Advanced Woman of Style. They are SO fabulous!!!
- May 16, 2012 at 11:28 PM
- Style Mentor™ said...
"Sunglasses are better than a facelift!" So true! I LOVE IT! Ari, you are amazing for bringing truth to the world, please keep it up! xo!
- May 18, 2012 at 11:24 AM
- Brant said...
I love Mary, WOW what a woman, what charisma; I would love to spend some time with her. And Ruth, what a wonderful woman; I will still be doing my weights and pilates when I am 111 years old (50 years to go!); this woman has such elegance and class. Truly two beauties of the best kind.
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Habitat Conditions
Aquatic Community Classification
The majority of the basin lies within the Ozark faunal region (Pflieger 1997). This region is essentially an elevated plain that was uplifted near the beginning of the Pleistocene ice age. It has since been eroded by the streams that drain it. Limestone laid down by an ancient sea underlies most of the region. The limestone contains large quantities of chert that remain as coarse, angular rock fragments when the surrounding limestone dissolves away. The thin, stony soil derived from limestone does not favor intense crop production. Instead, large areas of the region are forested or devoted to pasture. The time span over which the region evolved created very physiographically diverse habitats.
Many streams of the basin occupy narrow, steep-sided valleys, and in places are bordered by sheer limestone bluffs. Streams typically consist of a series of short pools and well-defined riffles. Chert gravel washed down from the surrounding slopes is the most abundant streambed type. Cobble, boulders, and bedrock are also fairly common. The streams found in the basin are some of the clearest in the state. Most of the water that enters them is first filtered through unconsolidated deposits of chert. The basin also has a number of springs which contribute additional clear water to the streams and rivers into which they empty (Pflieger 1997).
Approximately 30 miles of the Lower Osage River are included in the big-river faunal region (Pflieger 1997). This region supports a distinct aquatic species assemblage which sets it apart from the Ozark faunal region. In its original condition, the rivers of the big-river faunal region occupied relatively wide braided channels with many islands and backwaters. Since European settlement, these areas have been subject to channel modification in an attempt to better facilitate river navigation. These modifications have increased velocities in the center of most channels and reduced the number of backwaters.
Several types of aquatic plants occur in the basin. Water cress (Nasturtium sp.) is often found near springs. Water willow (Justicia sp.) often occurs in riffle areas and along rocky shores and gravel bars. Other plants that are common along rocky areas are spatterdock or yellow pond lily (Nuphar sp.). Plants that prefer backwater areas include: coontail (Ceratophyllum sp.), water milfoil (Myriophyllum sp.), spatterdock or yellow pond lily (Nuphar sp.), and pond weeds (Potamogeton sp.).
Disturbances Caused by Land Use
Disturbances associated with logging, land clearing, burning, and overgrazing affected stream habitats of the basin and their fish faunas in the late 1800s and the early 1900s, though these changes went largely undocumented. These disturbances increased the bedload of gravel and finer sediments carried by the streams, resulting in higher turbidity, channel instability, and the filling of stream pools and backwaters (Pflieger 1997).
Channel Alterations and Their Effects on Habitat
In most streams and rivers, habitat quality is strongly linked to the stability of channel beds and banks. Unstable streams are less inhabitable to many aquatic species. Factors that increase or decrease sediment supply often destabilize streambeds and banks and result in dramatic channel readjustments (Roell 1999). Since unconsolidated chert is unstable, any disturbance of either a stream basin or its channel may cause accelerated movement of bedload during floods. This moving material tends to fill pools and cover rubble substrates which reduces the both the quantity and quality of fish habitat.
Channelization and Navigational Structures
In upper stream reaches, channelization has been small scale and widely scattered throughout the basin. The effects of these small scale channelization projects can have significant negative localized effects. Channelization increases the slope of the stream which leads to increase stream velocities and increased streambed erosion. Headcuts and bank scour are other negative effects of channelization. Overall the smaller order streams in the uplands of the basin are in relatively good condition and the majority of these streams have not undergone channelization.
On the Osage River, navigational structures have historically changed the shape and stream habitat of the river. MDC has identified 23 wingdike complexes and 10 back channel diversions along the lower Osage River channel. These navigational structures were constructed in the late 1800's and early 1900's to confine the river to a narrower, deeper river channel. These structures have trapped considerable quantities of gravel and sediment behind them and now offer a greater diversity of habitat types to the river.
Two large hydroelectric projects influence the aquatic habitat of the basin; Truman Dam and Bagnell Dam. These projects have significantly impacted stream habitat in the basin in the last 70 years. The fish faunas of the impounded reaches of these reservoirs has been drastically altered (Pflieger 1997). Aquatic species requiring flowing waters have been replaced by those preferring standing waters.
Impacts of these hydroelectric projects have included impoundment of streams hundreds of miles of flowing streams, bank erosion, siltation, instream flow problems, poor water quality, modified colder temperature regime, loss of riparian corridor, loss of invertebrate habitats, and reduction and/or elimination of spawning habitat. Scouring of the channel bed and banks of the lower Osage River is more apparent below Bagnell Dam than below Truman Dam. Truman Dam discharges soon meet the impounded waters of Lake of the Ozarks thereby dissipating the majority of their energy. Effects from the rapid high flow to low flow transition created by hydropower peaking operation below Bagnell Dam can be seen in streams confluencing with the Osage River below Bagnell Dam in the form of headcutting, steep eroding streambanks, and sediment deposition in stream channels. Bank stabilization procedures such as tree plantings along the Osage River have been tried but with unsatisfactory results. The unpredictability of the timing and volume of water discharged from Bagnell Dam did not allow the establishment of the tree plantings at any of the study sites (AmerenUE 1999).
The effects of the hydroelectric operations extend beyond the impounded stream reaches. Many species have had their life cycles disrupted as they can no longer ascend the river to ancestral spawning areas. The American eel, paddlefish, sturgeon species, and walleye once ascended the Osage River but now have been denied accessed to necessary upstream habitats above Bagnell and Truman dams.
Many smaller aquatic species are dependent on periodic dispersal to maintain their populations. Populations of these species are maintained by dispersal from one tributary stream to another via larger rivers and streams. These species now occur in small isolated populations in small streams. Historically, small isolated populations of these species were occasionally eliminated by long droughts or other environmental extremes. Replenishment of these populations by upstream migration occurred before large rivers were impounded. Following impoundment, as tributary populations have been eliminated, they can not be replaced by recolonization since the reservoir acts as a dispersal barrier. The Niangua darter is one fish which has been negatively impacted by hydroelectric projects. The Niagua darter's long-term status is in jeopardy over its entire range (Pflieger 1997).
Gravel Mining
Removal of gravel from stream channels is commonly practiced in the basin and significantly degrades the quality of stream ecosystems. Instream gravel mining results in increased sedimentation rates and turbidity, shallower and larger pools downstream, and fewer downstream riffles. Gravel mining is often preceded by removal of riparian vegetation, large woody debris, and large substrate particles. According to a study by Brown and Lyttle (1992), the combined effects of gravel mining resulted in invertebrates and fish of a smaller body size at disturbed and downstream sites.
The most widespread impacts of instream gravel mining on aquatic habitats are bed degradation and sedimentation (Roell 1999). Bed degradation can be caused by pit excavation or bar skimming. Excavation of gravel in an active stream channel lowers the stream bed. This creates a nick point that locally steepens the channel slope and increases the energy locally carried by the stream. At high flows, this nick point becomes a point of bed erosion that moves upstream to form a headcut. Headcuts mobilize the sediments of the streambed sending the eroded sediment and bedload downstream. Headcut will often move considerable distances upstream into tributaries, fields, and eventually threaten bridges, ponds, and buildings. The gravel mined stream bed will incise and become wider. Characteristics of wider/shallower streams include higher temperatures, slower stream flows, less deep water habitat, and lower stream energies causing sediments that were eroded upstream to be deposited at the gravel mined site.
Deposited sediments caused by gravel mining operations can have substantial negative impacts on fish, benthic macroinvertebrates, and mussels (Brown and Lyttle 1992, Grace and Buchanan 1981). Every benthic invertebrate species is adapted to specific substrate particle sizes and bed morphology. Mayflies (Ephemoptera), stoneflies (Plecoptera), and caddisflies (Trichoptera) are the benthic invertebrates most readily available to foraging fishes. These groups are typically most abundant where streambed substrates are a mixture of cobbles, pebbles, and gravels. Cobble-pebble-gravel substrate mixtures are highly susceptible to alteration and encasement by deposited sediments. Once the preferred substrates are encased and covered with sediment, the benthic invertebrate species diversity, abundance, and productivity are reduced (Roell 1999). A reduction in macroinvertebrates available as fish forage in turn cause a decrease in fish numbers, diversity, and productivity. Sedimentation directly affects the ability of freshwater mussel species to feed and maintain their populations.
As discussed in the Water Quality Section, Linn Creek has undergone considerable gravel mining activity. A commercial gravel mining operation adjacent to the town of Linn Creek, Missouri mined considerable quantities of gravel from the adjacent streambed causing a 5-10 foot deep headcut to move upstream (Greg Stoner, MDC, unpublished study). The effects of this operation have been felt upstream for miles and into two tributaries and have disturbed aquatic habitat. Fortunately, a low water bridge below the gravel mining site has acted as a grade control structure which has prevented streambed lowering and degradation downstream of the site.
Riparian Corridor Assessment
Riparian corridors are defined as the stream channel and that portion of the terrestrial landscape from the high water mark towards the uplands where vegetation may be influenced by elevated water tables or flooding, and by the ability of soils to hold water (Naiman et al. 1993). Riparian corridors are some of the most biologically diverse terrestrial habitats. The riparian vegetation also has many environmental effects on stream habitat as well as the biotic community. Riparian vegetation regulates light and temperature regimes, provides nourishment to aquatic as well as terrestrial life, acts as a source of large woody debris (which significantly influences sediment routing, channel morphology and instream habitat), and regulates the flow of water and filters nutrients and pollutants from uplands to the stream. They are also the sites for chemical transformation of certain compounds.
Riparian corridor conditions of the basin were estimated by the summation of satellite image pixels adjacent to streams depicted on satellite images. The majority of the riparian corridor is forested in all subbasins except the Little Maries River (45% forested) and the Dry Auglaize Creek (42% forested) Subbasins. The largest portion of forested riparian corridor is found in the Lower Lake of the Ozark Hills (82%) and the upper Lake of the Ozarks Hills (75%). The proportion of riparian corridor in grass cover ranged from 17% in the Lower Lake of the Ozarks Hills to 56% in Dry Auglaize Creek. Most subbasins had 1% or less of the riparian corridor currently in cropland. Exceptions included the Lower Osage River (5%), the Lower Maries River (7%), Cole Camp Creek (5%), and Miller County River hills (2%) subbasins with more of the riparian corridor in crops. Also the Osage River below Bagnell Dam averaged near 20% riparian cropland.
Stream Habitat Assessment Methods
Aerial Photos
In order to document the current state of the Osage River channel below Bagnell Dam, MDC took a series of aerial photos of the channel during low flow conditions during the month of August 2001. Fifty-seven points were selected (approximately 1.5 miles apart) along the channel and photographed while hovering over the channel by helicopter. A number of habitat types including riffles, runs, pools, islands, and gravel bars were observed and photographed. The lock and dam #1 at RM 12.1 as well as the gravel mining operation at Tuscumbia were also photographed. These photos will be part of an MDC archive collection. It is hoped that similar photos can be taken in the future to document any changes to the channel which are occurring from gravel mining, riparian corridor removal, water level fluctuations or excessive discharge from Bagnell Dam.
Onsite Stream Habitat Assessment
Many streams in the basin have problems with cattle access and non-existent or poor quality riparian corridors. Symptoms of excessive cattle grazing include bank erosion, poorly vegetated riparian corridors, and nutrient enrichment from cattle wastes. There are some areas with good forested streamside corridors present. These areas are often affected by lack of upstream and/or downstream corridor which create a patchy and ineffective stream corridor. The headwaters of many streams in the basin are forest or grazed pasture. Stream channels that are frequented by cattle are generally eroded.
The following observations for individual streams are based on information recorded at specific locations during fish collections in September and October 1996. Onsite stream habitat assessment were not representative of the conditions along the entire stream or subbasin. The amount of time required to sample the entire stream or subbasin in this fashion made this method of habitat description time-prohibitive. Therefore, only a few sites were described in this manner.
Onsite Stream Habitat Descriptions
Cole Camp Creek Site #1 (T42N, R21W, Sec. 2) - This reach had 45% of the stream shaded. The bank stability was good with the riparian corridor extending to the stream's edge with some trees in the water. There were no visible signs of bank erosion except for one section of unprotected cut bank near the bridge. The bank vegetation was estimated to be 35% trees, 25% shrubs, 30% non-woody herbaceous, and 5% without vegetation. Beyond the riparian corridor, the land cover was 25% forest, 25% pasture, and 50% row crops. The width of the tree corridor on the left bank was 1-10 meters, on the right bank, the riparian corridor was 50% 1-10 meters and 50% was greater than 100 meters. All pool habitat had a depth of at least 6 ft. The site was too deep to adequately sample substrate. There were large boulders directly above the bridge and some woody debris in the stream.
Cole Camp Creek Site #2 (T42N, R21W, Sec. 28) - This reach had 20% of the stream shaded. The bank stability was poor with a large portion of vertical cut bank both at the site and below the site. A very large gravel bar with no vegetation was disturbed by gravel removal. The bank vegetation was estimated to be 20% trees, 30% shrubs, 30% non-woody vegetation, and 20% without vegetation. Beyond the riparian corridor, the land cover was 50% forest and 50% ungrazed pasture. The width of the tree corridor on the left bank was greater than 50 meters. On the right bank, the riparian corridor was greater than100 meters. There was a thin layer of silt deposited on substrate particles. The substrate composition was 10% silt, 5% sand, 20% fine gravel, 25% coarse gravel, 20% pebble, 15% cobble, and 5% boulder. Some water willow (Justicea americana) was observed at the site.
Cole Camp Creek Site #3 (T42N, R21W, Sec. 8) - This reach had 60% of the stream shaded. The bank stability was poor with a large portion of vertical cut bank with exposed bedrock at the base. The bank vegetation was estimated to be 35% trees, 15% shrubs, 25% non-woody vegetation, and 25% without vegetation. Beyond the riparian corridor, the land cover was 100% ungrazed pasture. The width of the tree corridor on the left bank was 50% <10 meters and 50% 25-50 meters. On the right bank, the riparian corridor was 25-50 meters. The substrate composition was 5% sand, 5% fine gravel, 10% coarse gravel, 10% pebble, 15% cobble, and 5% boulder and 50% bedrock. This site was a good mixture of riffles, runs, and pools.
Turkey Creek Site #1 (T39N, R21W, Sec. 5) - This reach had 85% of the stream shaded. Bank stability was poor with vertical cut banks about 3m high on both sides of the stream. The right bank was protected by trees and a rock bluff. The left bank has a small riparian corridor with scattered trees. Cattle have eaten or trampled most of the understory of the left bank. The bank vegetation was estimated to be 30% trees, 10% shrubs, 40% non-woody vegetation, and 20% without vegetation. Beyond the riparian corridor, the land cover was 50% forest and 50% grazed pasture. The width of the riparian corridor on the left bank was about 1-10 meters. On the right bank, the riparian corridor was over 100 meters wide. The substrate composition was 5% silt, 5% sand, 25% fine gravel, 25% coarse gravel, 35% pebble, and 5% cobble. Cattle had open access to the stream from the left bank. Habitat was simple with one long wide shallow (1 ft deep) pool with a few deep (3 ft) areas. Algae was present both at the surface and attached to the bottom. There was a small amount of simple riffle-run habitat, some woody debris, and one large (est. 70 m) gravel bar.
Turkey Creek Site #2 (T39N, R21W, Sec. 28) - This reach had 25% of the stream shaded. The bank stability was poor. The left bank has a large unprotected cut bank about 3 m high and 40 m long. The corridor has been heavily trampled by cattle on both sides of the stream. There is one stable gravel bar. The bank vegetation was estimated to be 25% trees, 5% shrubs, 40% non-woody vegetation, and 30% without vegetation. Beyond the riparian corridor, the land cover was 50% grazed forest and 50% grazed pasture. The width of the tree corridor on the left bank was about 1-10 meters. On the right bank, the riparian corridor was over 100 meters wide. The substrate composition was 5% silt, 3% sand, 10% fine gravel, 20% coarse gravel, 35% pebble, 25% cobble, and 2% bedrock. There was a small amount of aquatic vegetation (Justicea) but limited fish cover. There were small riffles separating pools with a small amount of woody debris. The pools were 1-5 ft deep.
Deer Creek Site # 1 (T39N, R20W, Sec. 21) - This reach had 20% of the stream shaded. The bank stability was poor. The majority of the bank was in good shape but there were some areas of cut bank. The lower left bank was protected by trees and a rock bluff. The right bank was narrow with a grazed corridor. The bank vegetation was estimated to be 30% trees, 40% shrubs, 20% non-woody vegetation, and 10% without vegetation. Beyond the riparian corridor, the land cover was 50% forest and 50% grazed pasture. The width of the tree corridor on the left bank was over 100 meters wide. On the right bank, the riparian corridor was > 10 meters wide. The substrate composition was 3% silt, 15% sand, 17% fine gravel, 10% coarse gravel, 20% pebble, 20% cobble, and 5% boulder, and 10% bedrock. There was aquatic vegetation (Justicea) providing some cover. There was open access to cattle on both sides of the stream with large amounts of algae on the bottom. There was a good mix of habitat types with some deep pools, some backwater habitat, and some areas fairly wide and shallow.
Deer Creek Site #2 (T40N, R20W, Sec. 19) - This reach had 45% of the stream shaded. The bank stability was good. The banks were stable on both sides with the exception of one unstable gravel bar. The bank vegetation was estimated to be 35% trees, 10% shrubs, 40% non-woody vegetation, and 15% without vegetation. Beyond the riparian corridor, the land cover was 75% forest and 25% ungrazed pasture. The width of the tree corridor on both banks was over 100 meters wide with the exception of one small area without trees. The substrate composition was 10% silt, 5% sand, 20% fine gravel, 30% coarse gravel, 30% pebble, and 5% cobble. There was aquatic vegetation (Justicea) and water cress in some pools providing some cover. Woody debris also provided good cover. There was a good mix of habitat types with some deep pools, some backwater habitat, and stable gravel bars.
Big Buffalo Creek (Site #1) (T41N, R19W, Sec. 7) -This reach had 55% of the stream shaded. The bank stability was poor with one long cut bank. The bank vegetation was estimated to be 15% trees, 40% shrubs, 30% non-woody vegetation, and 15% without vegetation. Beyond the riparian corridor, the land cover was 50% forest and 50% ungrazed pasture. The width of the tree corridor on the left bank was over 100 meters wide. On the right bank, the tree corridor was < 10 meters wide. The substrate composition was 10% sand, 25% fine gravel, 20% coarse gravel, 20% cobble, and 5% bedrock. This site had a good mix of riffle, run, and pool habitat.
Big Buffalo Creek (Site #2) (T41N, R20W, Sec. 23) - This reach had 65% of the stream shaded. The bank stability was poor with one long cut bank on the right side. The left bank had a large amount of unstable gravel bars. The bank vegetation was estimated to be 15% trees, 10% shrubs, 35% non-woody vegetation, and 40% without vegetation. Beyond the riparian corridor, the land cover was 100% forest. The width of the tree corridor on both banks was over 100 meters wide. The substrate composition was 3% sand, 17% fine gravel, 30% coarse gravel, 30% pebble, 15% cobble, and 5% boulder. There was no aquatic vegetation present at this site. This site had a good mix of riffle, run, and pool habitat. The maximum pool depth was more than 3 ft. There was a small amount of cover provided by root wads and cobble.
Unique Habitats
Natural Features Inventories have been completed for the basin. These inventories are ongoing efforts by M to identify and rank outstanding examples of natural communities, rare or endangered species habitat, and other significant features of interest. Several natural communities/features in the basin are listed in the MDC Natural Heritage Database. These features include: dolomite glades, caves, dry-mesic chert prairie, acid seeps, deep muck fens, dry limestone/dolomite cliffs, creeks and small rivers, mesic bottomland forests, hardpan prairies, dry chert forests, sandstone glades, large Ozark rivers, Ozark sloughs, and springs (for more information, contact the MDC Natural History Division).
Lake of the Ozarks Habitat
The upper parts of Lake of the Ozarks various arms are stream-like with a defined channel and continuous current and a fair amount of woody debris. Moving downstream, the stream characteristics are delta-like with a poorly defined stream channel and sluggish currents. These areas are typically wide and shallow, and also contain a fair amount of woody structure. Areas downstream from deltas are typical lake habitats. The majority of the banks in the area are steeply sloping and covered with coarse gravel, rock, or boulders. The depth of Lake of the Ozarks channel ranges from 8 to more than 100 feet deep. The majority of the standing timber below elevation 660' was removed prior to filling the lake. In an effort to increase woody fish habitat, many individuals as well as the Camdenton Chamber of Commerce have placed hundreds of dead trees into the lake to serve as fish habitat.
The MDC also places these woody structures at MDC accesses in an effort to provide better aquatic habitat (Stoner 2000). Additionally, trees have washed into the lake from surrounding tributaries or have fallen into the water along the shore to provide better aquatic habitat.
Instream Habitat/Bank Stabilization Projects
Tavern Creek Subbasin
There have been two stream improvement project completed on private land in the Tavern Creek Subbasin. A cedar tree revetment was installed and a 100 foot riparian corridor was planted to complete this project. This project took place on Little Tavern Creek in Maries County (Rob Pullium, MDC, personal communication).
The second of these projects took place along Tavern Creek in Miller County directly across from Brays Access. The site consisted of a 10-12 foot tall vertical actively eroding bank approximately 800-850 feet in length located on the outside of a bend on the right descending bank. Sand content in the bank soil was very high. The site contained no riparian corridor. The left bank was a large gravel bar that was in the early stages of stabilization. Many small sycamores had become established on the gravel bar. Streambank erosion was addressed by installation of a cedar tree revetment approximately 550 feet in length. Restoration of the 100 foot riparian corridor was attempted by planting 200 green ash trees. Problems ensued soon thereafter. The trees used in the revetment were too small. The sandy soil and inadequate bank coverage by the revetment led to further erosion during flood events. The willow stakes planted on the eroding bank and many of the ash trees planted in the corridor died.
Wet Glaize Creek Subbasin
Two streambank stablization projects were undertaken adjacent to Wet Glaize Creek on the Toronto Springs Conservation Area. Both involved cedar tree revetments with willow staking.
The first site was a 600 foot long bank at the downstream (northwest) end of the conservation area. About 400 feet of the bank was actively eroding. The 10 foot vertical bank was experiencing undercutting and sloughing. Large trees in the channel were aggravating the bank erosion. The second site was a 200 foot long section of bank near the middle of the area. Woody vegetation had been removed from the riparian zone and the 8 foot high vertical banks were eroding in the adjacent pasture.
At the first site, tops of trees were removed from the middle of the channel. Cedar trees were used to construct cedar revetments at both sites. Trees were planted in the riparian area at the first site. At the second site, the streambank was planted with willows during the dormant season. Hardwoods were planted to re-establish trees along the riparian corridor. The stabilization project at site one was later inspected and found to be in poor condition and not working well. The second site met with better results. The second site was found to be intact and working well.
Maries River Subbasin
There are two stream improvement projects currently underway on private land in the basin besides the previously mentioned SALT and EARTH projects. For the first project, tow rock and four hardpoints were installed to control erosion on the Maries River. There was a resulting 700 feet of stream bank protected. The corridor along the river and a drainage into the river were replanted to trees to a width of 100 feet. Additionally, this landowner plans to implement an alternative watering system for cattle, exclude cattle from the stream, remove a levee, and plant trees and warm season grasses for 1/4 mile along the stream.
Another project is being implemented along Little Maries Creek and the Maries River near Westphalia. In this project, a landowner has 400 feet of eroding streambank that was treated with 3 hardpoints. Additionally, the landowner will plant 10.1 acres of cropland to trees while reestablishing the riparian corridor to a width of 100 ft.
Upper Lake of the Ozarks Hills Subbasin
The MDC has completed several studies on the Big Buffalo Creek Conservation Area which involved stream habitat improvement. MDC purchased this area in 1963. During the 1940's, a section of Big Buffalo Creek was channelized together with a section of Pole Hollow Creek. The combined creeks were directed into one 0.8 mile long nearly straight channel. This was the result of attempts by the previous landowner to speed up the movement of flood flows through the property and thus minimize flooding of low lying cropland. The straightening of the stream resulted in a poorly defined, unstable, shallow channel practically devoid of fish cover. MDC planned to dechannelize this stream and sampled the fish community before restoration efforts were undertaken. In 1965, MDC separated the two channels totaling 1.8 miles in length. This was similar to the lengths of the streams prior to channelization. Also, log, rock, and gabion structures were installed to stop bank erosion and provide fish cover. It was determined that restoration efforts were successful and that fish populations did increase along the restored streams (Fajen 1975).
The MDC manages the aquatic habitat of the Saline Valley Conservation Area. During the period from 1983-1986, MDC attempted to alter the stream flow of Saline Creek on the Saline Valley Conservation Area using earthen berms. The purpose of the berm construction was to increase the sinuosity of the stream channel. Instream habitat improvement structures were also installed on Little Saline Creek to create deep pool habitat. More recently, management efforts on the area have focused on stabilizing stream erosion sites and reestablishing woody riparian corridors to a width of 200 ft along 3rd order and larger portions of the Osage River, Saline Creek, Little Saline Creek, Jack Buster Creek, and Jim Henry Creek within the area boundaries. Efforts are also underway to establish a similar corridor of 100 ft on 1st and 2nd order streams of the area.


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Comments On Jul 15, 2014:Bought this as a "just in case" Have used it so many times on other guys bikes I dont know how I managed without it. My only regret is not buying the whole set at the time. Super fast shipping to Australia, and at a great price. Keep up the great work guys. Cheers Mark
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Comments On Jan 11, 2013:Spend the little extra money to get this because it will make removing the axle bearings so much easier! I got this to work on my YFZ and I have no regrets.
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Comments On Oct 01, 2011:Great price and quality! I wish the case was designed to accomodate the optional collets too. I had to cut part of the case out to make room for them.
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The LCPD Database is an online database of criminals that is found on the official WebSite of the Liberty City Police Department in Grand Theft Auto IV. Many characters from the game are profiled in this DataBase, below is a list of the characters in alphabetical order on the left and their place of birth on the right. A humorous detail about the site is that the LCPD haven't actually restricted the DataBase to authorized people (people with a password), but instead have a warning at the top of the page that it is to be used by the LCPD only (noted at the top left corner as "FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY"). There is also a less detailed version accessible from the Police Computer inside any Police Car.
It should be noted that the characters list is not extensive. Not all the characters featured in Grand Theft Auto IV are included despite some committing criminal acts prior; certain characters featured in the downloadable content (DLC) for Grand Theft Auto IV, The Lost And Damned and The Ballad Of Gay Tony may also be absent, presumably because the characters were only created during development of the DLCs, after the database list in Grand Theft Auto IV was finalized.
After the mission Blood Brothers, if the player chose to kill Derrick McReary, Francis will send you an e-mail with an easy-to-access link to the database with "Those Who Have Strayed From The Path" as a subject line.


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Unified communications solutions, like Sametime from IBM, enables users to place and take voice and video calls, as well as join a web conference, on the go -- letting them work the way they want, where they want. Delivering a seamless integration of audio and video features requires audio devices that enable users to switch conversations between multiple devices, including the PC, desk phone and mobile phone is critical to enabling UC workflows.
The Plantronics Plug-in for Sametime, new software that delivers intelligent call control between Plantronics' full Unified Communications product portfolio and IBM Sametime, provides users with exceptional online meeting and telephony experiences with enhanced audio quality. Epilio uses IBM Lotus Sametime to increase the effectiveness of its virtual workforce by integrating voice, data and video communications on the PC. "As an organization with no single physical office location, we rely heavily on our Unified Communications infrastructure to provide customers with the high level of expertise and responsiveness they expect. With the new Plantronics software we've experienced immediate usability and productivity benefits," said Carl Tyler, director at Epilio. "With its intuitive one-click call control functionality integration, the Plantronics endpoints have transformed our PCs into true audio platforms, allowing our employees to quickly switch between PC-based VoIP calls and customer telephone calls without missing a beat."
Custom solution that interfaces with their Five9 call center software allowing changes to an agent's state based on proximity to their workstation, and whether or not they are wearing their Plantronics Voyager Pro UC headset.
Call center success is predicated on maximizing agent utilization and cost containment. Through the company's evolution, Five9 has outpaced the hosted call center industry by delivering the highest value call center software at competitive prices. Expanding from call center software solutions, Five9 then focused on hosted solutions that dramatically improved their customers return on investment. More recently, Five9 has begun to utilize contextual intelligence to further increase the value of their software and make their customers more successful by saving time.
In utilizing the Plantronics SDK, developers at Five9 were able to code a custom solution that interfaced with their call center software allowing changes to an agent's state based on proximity to their workstation, and whether or not they were wearing their Plantronics audio device. The solution optimizes agent availability, minimizes time in between calls, and ultimately maximizes the overall number of calls that can be handled.
Streamlined solution for knowledge workers utilizing the Plantronics Voyager Pro UC and Interactive Intelligence software to integrate user proximity and call control into applications.
As companies migrate from traditional desk phone-only use cases to a unified communications (UC) infrastructure, organizations today need flexibility and new ways to leverage existing technology. The task of maximizing a company's original investment in traditional voice communications, while enabling a new generation of knowledge workers who leverage multiple devices is often a daunting task. Furthermore, increasing pressure to improve the user support experience often creates the need to optimize employee productivity to meet all internal economic and customer facing requirements.
Interactive Intelligence has established an integrated streamlined solution for knowledge workers that utilize the Plantronics Voyager Pro UC and their software to integrate user proximity and call control into their application. By updating the user status, based on the state detected by the audio device, users are identified as busy if on a mobile call, and other incoming calls can be re-routed to available agents. If users remove their audio device, or move out of the effective range from their work station, Interactive Intelligence software can also intelligently terminate the user's ability to receive calls, and ensure that customers are routed to someone who could help them.
NTW offers for operator and contact center environment a full automation of processes – directly operated by headset procedures / functions.
NTW offers an attendant console and operator center solution based on Cisco Call Manager as well as for the existing Cisco contact center environment. With flexible and reliable support for call processing and call handling NTW provides this solution for a single user or multi-tenant / multi-site / multi-customer system. Scalability ranges from a single operator to hundreds of agents. Additional statistics and controlling functions, administered from central database, allows NTW to meet even demands of international companies or challenging infrastructures.
The integration of Plantronics Headsets brings more efficiency in the call handling process with NTWcall and facilitates communication for operators and agents. With typical headset procedures and functions like switch on/off, smart sensor, voice button, status or docking the agent controls directly the operator processes like active/inactive, accept call, status headset or out of range.
PrairieFyre's application interfaces with Microsoft Lync to enable users to optimize operations in contact centers of all types and sizes.
The traditional call center--with a pool of agents that answers phones--has evolved to a multimedia contact center. Today's customers want to communicate by phone, email, IM, or text, and want agents to provide immediate answers--regardless of whether they work from the office, home, or a remote location. In order to optimize service levels and manage costs, improved service is needed at every point of contact. Leveraged reporting tools that enable you to understand and ultimately be able to predict call patterns and staffing requirements.
Call center employees utilize hands free audio devices to increase productivity and improve comfort when working on the phones all day. With Plantronics audio devices, PrairieFyre unlocked the potential to do much more. By utilizing the Plantronics SDK, Prariefyre developers enabled new use cases to optimize agent availability based on their presence and activity when using Plantronics audio devices. PrairieFyre was able to leverage the SDK to deliver increased organizational efficiencies and uplift the value of their solution to open up new opportunities for their company. This allowed PrairieFyre a quantifiable competitive advantage without the costs of building a solution from scratch.
Talk through your computer from anywhere in the world or connect to any phone or mobile device at no extra charge. Invite guests – up to 15 at a time. It's free for them. No downloads or headaches. Learn more at iMeet.com
The Team Space application uses the headset to communicate between team members in a real time, virtual environment with avatars indicating the current user prescence.
Sococo specializes in creating shared virtual spaces that enable groups to collaborate online from anywhere. Sococo Team Space allows users to see, talk, chat, and share with each other instantly, whether they are in different parts of the same building or on different parts of the globe. Using Team Space and a Plantronics headset, users can drop into a virtual office or conference room and instantly hear what is being said, and can chat live with anyone there.
Sococo used the Plantronics Spokes SDK to enhance the functionality of their Team Space application. By implementing the Mute/Unmute , Don/Doff and proximity functionality of the Spokes SDK. Team Space can recognize when a user has their headset on or off and updates the user's avatar to reflect their status. Sococo was also able to tap into the proximity abilities of the Spokes SDK to automatically update the user's status if they were near their computer or away from their desk. By programmatically tapping into these events via contextual intelligence, Sococo is able to take Team Space to the next level and deliver a unique solution that propels them far past what their competitors are able to offer.
ThreeWill is a professional services organization that helps clients Connect, Extend, or Build On the Microsoft SharePoint Platform.
Our company has two classifications of clients: Fortune 1000 Enterprise Clients and Independent Software Vendors (ISVs). With our ISV clients, we look to bring together best of breed solutions through either tight integration with SharePoint or natively building ISV solutions on the SharePoint Platform. In our Enterprise client engagements, we look to integrate the ISV products from our partners and/or integrate SharePoint with their proprietary backoffice applications. Also with our Enterprise Clients, we are the technology partner that establishes enterprise SharePoint practices and builds line of business applications that take advantage of SharePoint's core functionality. We look for situations where SharePoint can enable faster time to market and lower total cost of ownership for our clients. We focus on a partnering model with our clients and build solutions that are well designed and tested. Finally, we use an iterative approach to help make sure that the client is getting the highest value working software sooner rather than later.
Threewill's application Popcorn integrates Plantronics and Threewill's own cloud-based contact center software to enhance the user experience within a Jive community. Contextual intelligence within the Plantronics Voyager Pro US headset alerts the system that the user is available and ready to receive calls. Threewill has created a process in which an incoming call, matched by phone number, alerts the PC and populates a pop-up window on the users screen allowing the user to see immediately the caller's information contained in their Jive profile. While on the call, the user can delve deeper in to the users profile to find information that may be relevant to the phone conversation. The user can opt to use the phone voice controls in the interactive pop-up window or by headset control. Popcorn involves all aspects of the communications tools, voice, people and applications, in to one integrated solution.
Zeacom Communications Center paired with Plantronics headsets delivers key contact center metrics and customer information in real-time
Every day contact center managers and their staff are under pressure to improve customer service, increase revenues and decrease costs. Achieving these competing goals requires the right information, at the right time.
Zeacom has developed two applications that utilize the Plantronics SDK to give managers and agents access to real-time information that can be customized to their needs.
The first application combines ZCC Snapshot and Plantronics biometrics to give contact center managers full visibility of agents' activities as they are happening. Managers can immediately see who is logged into the queue, who is at their desk and who has their headset on. Key contact center metrics can be accessed from virtually anywhere – on a TV screen, computer desktop, iPad, Android tablet or smartphone. Statistics are refreshed every 0.5 seconds to ensure information is always current, and a simple administration interface lets you display your data in a format that works for you. Alerts can be customized so that managers can stay on top of any issues that could impact contact center performance or customer satisfaction.
The second application announces information to the agent about the caller, before the call is delivered, ensuring that every call is handled efficiently and professionally. Announcements can include a customizable set of variables, such as queue name, caller ID, wait time, and priority level, and these can be played in a specified order.
Zylinc Contact Center is Microsoft Lync Qualified and provides instant multi media contact to the relevant available agents for customers calling the enterprise. Zylinc Contact Center delivers the most important functions demanded by enterprises in a contact center for application in sales departments, customer service, IT helpdesk, accounting, purchasing, etc. Zylinc has improved the Contact Center workforce utilization by integrating with Plantronics headsets and Contextual Intelligence API.


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How To Apply to UAF
How To Apply to Apply to the University of Alaska Fairbanks as an International Student
There are two ways for an international student to apply to the University of Alaska Fairbanks.
The Deputy Foreign Minister of Greenland is a UAF alum. Inuuteq Holm Olsen '94 speaks here about coming to Alaska as one of the first Greenlanders to study at UAF, how he learned here and brought his knowledge home, and the challenge of meeting people in a new society and culture. You can find more videos like this one at www.uaf.edu/isitforyou


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this wiki
- "I've been all over the world, my boy, and everywhere I go people tell me about "the true God". They all think they've found the right one!"
- ―Salladhor Saan
A multitude of different religions are worshiped by different cultures and peoples in the Known World, across the three continents of Westeros, Essos, and Sothoryos.
There are only three religions with significant numbers in Westeros:
- The Old Gods of the Forest - innumerable and nameless spirits of each tree, rock, and stream worshipped by the Children of the Forest and later the First Men. The original religion of the continent, it was later pushed back by the Faith of the Seven. In the present day, it is the majority religion only in The North and Beyond the Wall, though there still exist a scattered minority of followers in the south of the continent.[1]
- The Faith of the Seven - introduced to Westeros during the Andal Invasion six thousand years ago, and has for millenia been the majority religion on the continent. In terms of number of followers, geographic spread, and influence on politics, the Faith of the Seven is the overwhelmingly dominant religion in Westeros. It is based on the worship of "The Seven" or the "Seven-faced God", a single deity with seven "aspects" or "faces".[1]
- The Drowned God - the local religion of the people of the the Iron Islands. Worshipers of the Drowned God value maritime skill, as well as prowess in combat and in piratical raids. It is the least populous of the three major religions in Westeros as well as the least widespread, being restricted to the lightly populated Iron Islands. Nonetheless, as there are so few major religions on the continent, it is still the third largest religion, and is certainly dominant within the Iron Islands themselves.[1]
In contrast to Westeros, on the eastern continent of Essos across the Narrow Sea there are a large number of local religions, but few religions that are widespread across large geographical areas. Even so, each of the Free Cities or cities of Slaver's Bay may contain worshipers of numerous different local religions that are not to be found anywhere else in the world. The Free City of Braavos has a very diverse, cosmopolitan religious makeup. The one major exception to this is the Lord of Light religion, which is very widespread, from the Free Cities in the west to Asshai in the distant east. Indeed, in the southern Free Cities such as Volantis, Lys, and Myr, the Lord of Light is the majority religion, and it has at least a plurality in many other major cities of the continent. Still, unlike in Westeros where the Faith of the Seven is often the exclusive religion, in many cities in Essos where the faith of the Lord of Light is the majority religion there are still substantial minorities that worship other religions.
- The Lord of Light - focuses on worship of the "one true god", a fire-god known as the Lord of Light. Espouses strong dualistic beliefs, as the Lord of Light struggles against darkness. Loosely speaking it is the majority religion in many parts of Essos, particularly the major trading hubs such as the Free Cities.[1]
- God of Death - a minor religion in Braavos worshiped by the mysterious cult of assassins known as the Faceless Men.
- Great Stallion - the nomadic Dothraki mounted warriors from the central plains known as the Dothraki Sea possess their own religious beliefs and customs, and worship a deity known as the Great Stallion.
- Great Shepherd - a local deity of the Lhazareen, a peaceful people that inhabits the region of Lhazar, northeast of Slaver's Bay and south of the Dothrai Sea. This religion holds that all men are part of one flock.
Other Regions
- Summer Isles goddess - In the Summer Isles, a fertility goddess who has sixteen teats is worshiped.
In the books
There are a few other religions of note from the A Song of Ice and Fire novels which have not yet appeared in the TV series as of the end of Season 2.
There is actually a fourth religion found in Westeros, the worship of Mother Rhoyne, but its numbers are very small and it is only found exclusively in the main river system of Dorne. A thousand years ago, the Rhoynar people fled Valyria's western expansion and sailed to Dorne, where they intermingled with the local Andals and First Men to form their own unique culture. Most of the Dornishmen abandoned their old religion and adopted the Faith of the Seven, but a small handful clung to their old river-based culture and religion. Living on boats moving up and down the Greenblood River in Dorne, this small minority became known as the "Orphans of the Greenblood", "orphans" because they are separated from their homeland in Essos. Originally, the Rhoynar lived in trading city-states located on the great Rhoyne River and its network of tributaries, in the area of the modern Free Cities. The spirit of the Rhoyne River itself is worshiped in the religion as "Mother Rhoyne", though there are several other river-themed deities in the religion such as the turtle-god Old Man River and King Crab.
There are a few other major religions in Essos. The Moonsingers are a small but fairly widespread religion, initially worshiped by some of the slaves working in the mines of the Valyrian Freehold. Some of the Moonsingers at one point led a great escape of a large number of slaves, which fled to the far northwest of the continent and founded the city of Braavos. While Braavos is noted for the diverse array of religions worshiped within it, the Moonsingers are still quite popular there (possibly more than the Lord of Light, which only has a small presence in Braavos). The Valyrians themselves has their own religion, as the Targaryen dragons are said to have been named after the old Valyrian gods, but the religion does not appear to have survived the Doom of Valyria. Even the Targaryens who survived later converted to the Faith of the Seven when they conquered Westeros.
The "Many-Faced God" is worshiped by the Faceless Men of Braavos, an elite and secretive guild of assassins. The religion was founded by slaves in Valyria's mines, who concluded that while all of the slaves came from diverse regions and prayed to different gods, every religion has a god of death or places importance on death. Thus they were all praying to the one true god of death, who just appeared to different societies in different ways.
While the Lord of Light religion is the majority religion in the southern Free Cities of Volantis, Lys, Myr, and Tyrosh, it doesn't seem to be the majority religion in the northern Free Cities, though their exact beliefs have not been given in detail. The Lord of Light is worshiped in Pentos and Qohor and even has a small presence in Braavos, but the exact extent of the religion in these places is uncertain. A deity known as the Black Goat seems to be fairly popular in Qohor, and Norvos has an order of bearded priests (though what they are priests of hasn't been expanded upon).
In Slaver's Bay, the gods of the Ghiscari Empire are still worshipped. The clergy in the Slaver Cities are known as "Graces", and perform different duties depending on the color of their robes. The Green Grace is the topmost religious figure - there being one in each Slaver City-; Blue Graces act as healers, while Red Graces are temple-prostitutes, mostly of highborn origin, while White Graces are highborn girls too young for the duties associated with the Red Graces; there are also Pink Graces that seem to serve as handmaidens to the Green Grace.
Little is known of Sothoryos, or the religious practices of its peoples. The inhabitants of the Summer Isles consider sexuality to be a holy and life-affirming act. The people of the island of Naath, off the north coast of Sothoryos, worship a monotheistic deity known as the Lord of Harmony. The Lord of Harmony religion forbids harming any living thing, even animals, thus the Naathi people are vegetarians, refusing to eat the flesh of any animal, and are famous for their adherence to pacifism.
There are a few other religions or cults that get namedropped as existing in the Free Cities, though they don't exist in large numbers and aren't important to the storyline. Many are mentioned only once, and are often in-jokes by author George R.R. Martin, or references to religions in other science fiction stories he has written.
See also
Religions of the Known World
|Major religions in Essos:
· Great Stallion · Great Shepherd · Ghiscari religion ·
· Moonsingers · Lion of Night & Maiden-Made-of-Light
|Lesser cults in Essos:
· Hooded Wayfarer · Moon-Pale Maiden · Merling King


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Inwood Hill Park
Community Environmental Center EcoHouse
Saturday, March 23, 2013
11:00 a.m.–4:00 p.m.
This event repeats every week on Saturday between 3/16/2013 and 4/5/2013.
Please note: This event has already taken place. Please use the Search options on the right to find upcoming events.
The Community Environmental Center EcoHouse, a mobile, free, environmental education exhibit, will be at storm-damaged Inwood Hill Park through April 5. Fun as well as educational, the EcoHouse is an ideal experience for both youngsters and their parents. Wall signs explain all the displays, but to really get the full EcoHouse effect, listen to CEC's expert guides, or bring your cell or smart phone and listen to the audio guide.
Hours are Mondays through Fridays, 10:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. for school groups; and 3:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m. and Saturday, 11:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m., for the general public (But walk-ins are welcome at any time!). For more information about how to visit the EcoHouse, or to arrange a group tour, contact Katherine Gloede, email@example.com.
Event Organizer
Community Environmental Center
Contact Email
Related Links
Additional Media
Directions to Inwood Hill Park
Know Before You Go
Inwood Hill Nature Center
Due to the effects of Hurricane Sandy, this facility is closed until further notice.
Inwood Hill Park Weather
- A Lenape Meal At Inwood Hill Park
- Urban Park Rangers Present An Experience To Travel Back In Time And Live Off The Land
- Born To Be Wildlife: New Yorkers Learn About Their Furry And Feathered Friends At Urban Wildlife Appreciation Day
- NYRR Open Run-Inwood Hill Park
- Urban Wildlife Appreciation Day
- Ranger's Choice: Woodland Fairy House Walk
- NYRR Open Run-Inwood Hill Park
- Songbird Migration Walk with Expert Naturalist Mike Feller
- Barbecuing Areas
- Baseball Fields
- Basketball Courts
- Bathrooms
- Dog-friendly Areas
- Eateries
- Fitness Equipment
- Handball Courts
- Hiking Trails
- Kayak/Canoe Launch Sites
- Marinas
- Nature Centers
- Playgrounds
- Roller Hockey
- Soccer Fields
- Spray Showers
- Tennis Courts
Know when to go:
View upcoming athletic area usage in
Inwood Hill Park