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29 U.S. Code § 1135 - Regulations
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Subject to subchapter II of this chapter and section 1029 of this title, the Secretary may prescribe such regulations as he finds necessary or appropriate to carry out the provisions of this subchapter. Among other things, such regulations may define accounting, technical and trade terms used in such provisions; may prescribe forms; and may provide for the keeping of books and records, and for the inspection of such books and records (subject to section 1134 (a) and (b) of this title).
Source(Pub. L. 93–406, title I, § 505,Sept. 2, 1974, 88 Stat. 894.)
Pub. L. 99–272, title XI, § 11018,Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 277, provided that:
"(a) Regulatory Treatment of Assets of Real Estate Entities.—
"(1) In general.—Except as a defense, no rule or regulation adopted pursuant to the Secretary's proposed regulation defining 'plan assets' for purposes of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 [29 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.] (50 Fed. Reg. 961, January 8, 1985, as modified by 50 Fed. Reg. 6361, February 15, 1985), or any reproposal thereof prior to the adoption of the regulations required to be issued in accordance with subsection (d), shall apply to any asset of a real estate entity in which a plan, account, or arrangement subject to such Act invests if—
"(A) any interest in the entity is first offered to a plan, account, or arrangement subject to such Act investing in the entity (hereinafter in this section referred to as a 'plan investor') on or before the date which is 120 days after the date of publication of such rule or regulation as a final rule or regulation;
"(B) no plan investor acquires an interest in the entity from an issuer or underwriter at any time on or after the date which is 270 days after the date of publication of such rule or regulation as a final rule or regulation (except pursuant to a contract or subscription binding on the plan investor and entered into, or tendered, before the expiration of such 270-day period, or pursuant to the exercise, on or before December 31, 1990, of a warrant which was the subject of an effective registration under the Securities Act of 1933 (15 U.S.C. 77q et seq.) [15 U.S.C. 77a et seq.] prior to the date of the enactment of this section [Apr. 7, 1986]); and
"(C) every interest in the entity acquired by a plan investor (or contracted for or subscribed to by a plan investor) before the expiration of such 270-day period is a security—
"(i) which is part of an issue or class of securities which upon such acquisition or at any time during the offering period is held by 100 or more persons;
"(ii) the economic rights of ownership in respect of which are freely transferable;
"(iii) which is registered under the Securities Act of 1933; and
"(iv) which is part of an issue or class of securities which is registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78a et seq.) (or is so registered within three years of the effective date of the registration statement of such securities for purposes of the Securities Act of 1933: Provided, That the issuer provides plan investors with such reports with respect to the offering period as are required with respect to such period by the Securities and Exchange Commission under such Acts and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder).In the case of partnerships organized prior to enactment of this section, the requirements of subparagraphs (iii) and (iv) shall not apply to initial limited partnership interests in an entity otherwise described above: Provided, That such entity was the subject of an effective registration under the Securities Act of 1933 prior to the date of the enactment of this section, such interests were issued solely for partnership organizational purposes in compliance with State limited partnership laws, and such interest has a value as of the date of issue of less than $20,000 and represents less than one percent of the total interests outstanding as of the completion of the offering period.
"(2) Maintenance of current regulatory treatment.—No asset of any real estate entity described in paragraph (1) shall be treated as an asset of any plan investor for any purpose of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 [29 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.] if the assets of such entity would not have been assets of such plan investor under the provisions of—
"(A) Interpretive Bulletin 75–2 (29 CFR 2509.750–2); or
"(B) the regulations proposed by the Secretary of Labor and published—
"(i) on August 28, 1979, at 44 Fed. Reg. 50363;
"(ii) on June 6, 1980, at 45 Fed. Reg. 38084;
"(iii) on January 8, 1985, at 50 Fed. Reg. 961; or
"(iv) on February 15, 1985, at 50 Fed. Reg. 6361,without regard to any limitation of any effective date proposed therein.
"(b) Definitions and Special Rules.—For purposes of this section—
"(1) The term 'real estate entity' means an entity which, at any time within two years after the closing of its offering period has invested or has contracted to invest at least 75 percent of the value of its net assets available for investment in direct or indirect ownership of 'real estate assets' or 'interests in real property'.
"(2) The term 'real estate asset' means real property (including an interest in real property) and any share of stock or beneficial interest, partnership interest, depository receipt, or any other interest in any other real estate entity.
"(3) The term 'interest in real property' includes, directly or indirectly, the following:
"(A) the ownership or co-ownership of land or improvements thereon;
"(B) any mortgage (including an interest in or co-ownership of any mortgage, leasehold mortgage, pool of mortgages, deed of trust, or similar instrument) on land or improvements thereon,
"(C) any leasehold of land or improvements thereon; and
"(D) any option to acquire any of the foregoing, but does not include any mineral, oil, or gas royalty interest.
"(4) Whether the economic rights of ownership with respect to a security are 'freely transferable' shall be determined based upon all the facts and circumstances, but ordinarily none of the following, alone or in any combination, shall cause the economic rights of ownership to be considered not freely transferable—
"(A) any requirement that not less than a minimum number of shares or units of such security be transferred or assigned by any investor: Provided, That such requirement does not prevent transfer of all of the then remaining shares or units held by an investor;
"(B) any prohibition against transfer or assignment of such security or rights in respect thereof to an ineligible or unsuitable investor;
"(C) any restriction on or prohibition against any transfer or assignment which would either result in a termination or reclassification of the entity for Federal or State tax purposes or which would violate any State or Federal statute, regulation, court order, judicial decree, or rule of law;
"(D) any requirement that reasonable transfer or administrative fees be paid in connection with a transfer or assignment;
"(E) any requirement that advance notice of a transfer or assignment be given to the entity and any requirement regarding execution of documentation evidencing such transfer or assignment (including documentation setting forth representations from either or both of the transferor or transferee as to compliance with any restriction or requirement described in this section or requiring compliance with the entity's governing instruments);
"(F) any restriction on substitution of an assignee as a limited partner of a partnership, including a general partner consent requirement: Provided, That the economic benefits of ownership of the assignor may be transferred or assigned without regard to such restriction or consent (other than compliance with any other restriction described in this section);
"(G) any administrative procedure which establishes an effective date, or an event such as the completion of the offering, prior to which a transfer or assignment will not be effective; and
"(H) any limitation or restriction on transfer or assignment which is not created or imposed by the issuer or any person acting for or on behalf of such issuer.
"(c) No Effect on Secretary's Authority Other Than As Provided.—Except as provided in subsection (a), nothing in this section shall limit the authority of the Secretary of Labor to issue regulations or otherwise interpret section 3(21) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 [29 U.S.C. 1002 (21)].
"(d) Time Limit for Final Regulations.—The Secretary of Labor shall adopt final regulations defining 'plan assets' by December 31, 1986.
"(e) Effective Date.—The preceding provisions of this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Apr. 7, 1986]."
Secretary authorized, effective Sept. 2, 1974, to promulgate regulations wherever provisions of this subchapter call for the promulgation of regulations, see section 1031 of this title.
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


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Mortgage rates were very slightly lower in most cases, making for marginal improvements in borrowing costs within the confines of recently higher interest rates. In other words, today's quoted rate is likely the same as yesterday's, depending on the scenario, with a token reduction in closing costs (or increase in lender credit). In many cases, there was no improvement to costs, and a few lenders were slightly higher in cost. 30yr Fixed, Best-Execution remains at 3.625%, though lower rates are still...
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|Tuesday, July 12
|The Future of MEMS: Solutions for Moving from a Niche to a Mainstream Business
Extreme Electronics TechXPOT, South Hall
The maturing technology base, and the fast growing demand for mobile consumer applications, have moved MEMS into the mainstream–and up against consumer market demands for fast ramp to high volumes at low cost. That means the MEMS market is poised for 16% average compound growth, to become a $14 billion opportunity by 2014, according to Yole Développement, with a host of new applications about to come on stream. But it also means that successful companies will be those who figure out how to more efficiently align the traditional one product, one process MEMS business to the current expectations for faster time to market and faster ramp to volume. Leading companies discuss their manufacturing technology solutions.
|Session presented in cooperation with MEMS Industry Group
|Heterogeneous Integration with MEMS and Sensors
NorthOne TechXPOT, North Hall
|STEP: SEMI MS5, Test Method for Wafer Bond Strength Measurements Using Micro-Chevron Test Structures
San Francisco Marriott Marquis


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The Power of Independent Thinking
Research Fellow Craig Eyermann on the Solvency of the US Social Security System
Recorded: Monday, March 21, 2016
Presidential candidates have said there must be major changes to the Social Security program, which is on a path to bankruptcy. Research Fellow Craig Eyermann talks about the complex system and the factors that determine how sustainable the system is.
KGO Radio, March 21, 2016
Experts: Craig EyermannType: RadioIssues: Government Power, Labor and Employment, Taxes
Senior Fellow Benjamin Powell is Interviewed on American Medicine Today Radio on Drug Approvals and the FDA
Recorded: Saturday, December 12, 2015
What is the cost of the long approval process for potentially life-saving drugs by the FDA? The approval process can take up to 12 years and cost $1 billion. But there are other costs. Patients arent able to take drugs that arent approved and they might die or become more ill. Another cost is that a potential drug maker might not want to take the financial risk of taking a drug to market. Powell recommends testing drugs but possibly making drugs "FDA recommended", rather than "FDA approved." Whats needed is competition and markets to help patients and entrepreneurs, says Powell.
Experts: Benjamin W. PowellType: RadioIssues: Government Power, Health Care, Public Health/ Consumer Protection, Science
Research Fellow Sheldon Richman interviewed on KTRS radio on why anti-gun measures dont work
Recorded: Tuesday, October 13, 2015
Research Fellow Sheldon Richman talks with Larry Conners USA show about gun control and why it doesnt work. When news of a tragic public shooting occurs, it is often followed with a cry for gun control. Anti-gun measures dont work, according to Richman. Those that think otherwise are Utopians and are not being realistic.
Experts: Sheldon RichmanType: RadioIssues: Government Power, Gun Control
Independent Institute President David J. Theroux Discusses C.S. Lewis on Ave Maria Radio
Recorded: Saturday, August 1, 2015
Founder and President of the Independent Institute, David Theroux is interviewed by Ave Maria Radio President Al Kresta at the Napa Institute Annual Conference. Also President of the C.S. Lewis Society of California, David Theroux talks about C.S. Lewiss writings on liberty and Christianity and how Lewis became one of the best-read and most influential writers of the 20th and 21st centuries.
Experts: David J. TherouxType: RadioIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Culture/ Society, Freedom, Government Power, Political Ideology and Philosophy, Privacy, Religion
How to Repeal and Replace Obamacare
Recorded: Friday, July 10, 2015
Lewis Uhler, President of the National Tax Limitation Committee, moderates a panel with Independent Institute Senior Fellows John Goodman and Lawrence McQuillan and Heartland Institute Senior Fellow Peter Ferrara at the 2015 FreedomFest held in Las Vegas, NV.
Experts: Peter J. Ferrara, John C. Goodman, Lawrence J. McQuillanType: Other EventIssues: Bureaucracy and Government, Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economic Policy, Fiscal Policy/Debt, Free Market Economics, Government Waste/Pork, Health Care, Labor and Employment, Privatization, Public Health/ Consumer Protection, Regulation and Deregulation
Was the American Wild West a Genuine Case of Anarcho-Capitalism?
Recorded: Friday, July 10, 2015
Independent Institute Senior Fellow Randy Simmons speaks at the 2015 FreedomFest in Las Vegas, NV.
Experts: Randy T SimmonsType: Other EventIssues: Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economic Policy, Economists, Free Market Economics, History (U.S), Political Ideology and Philosophy
A Christian, an Atheist, A Capitalist and an Economist on: What the Freedom Philosophy Is (And What It Isn't)
Recorded: Thursday, July 9, 2015
Independent Institute Research Fellow Robert Murphy speaks on a panel alongside Max Borders, Doug Casey and Stephen Cox at the 2015 FreedomFest held in Las Vegas, NV.
Experts: Robert P. MurphyType: Other EventIssues: Culture/ Society, Economic Policy, Economists, Free Market Economics, Freedom
Public Pension CrisisLawrence McQuillan interviewed on KQED radios Forum
Recorded: Monday, July 6, 2015
Senior Fellow Lawrence McQuillan, author of California Dreaming is interviewed by Michael Krasny on KQED radios Forum program. McQuillan tells of his plan to resolve the pension crisis in California and other states by switching from the current system to a 401(k) style of retirement plan, as most private sector companies use. This way, McQuillan argues, the public employee retirement system would be portable and transparent while remaining solvent.
Experts: Lawrence J. McQuillanType: RadioIssues: Banking and Finance, Economic History and Development (U.S.), Government Power, Labor and Employment, Taxes


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A Springs hair salon is temporarily closed after a car drove through the building Monday afternoon.
According to the owner of Constitution Family Hair Care, a customer had just left the salon when the car plowed through the door. The owner said that the driver had no idea what had happened to cause her to crash. There were no injuries to anyone involved.
The driver was unable to back the car out of the building on her own and had to call a tow truck.
The salon is now closed pending the insurance process.
Constitution Family Hair Care is located on the 5700 block of Constitution.
KKTV firmly believes in freedom of speech for all and we are happy to provide this forum for the community to share opinions and facts. We ask that commenters keep it clean, keep it truthful, stay on topic and be responsible. Comments left here do not necessarily represent the viewpoint of KKTV 11 News.
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Girls Costumes and Dress Up Sale: Clearance Discount Halloween Costumes for Girls
Halloween and playtime are affordable when you shop our sale girls costumes at Sophia's Style. Find all sorts of costumes on sale, from scary to cute to beautiful, all for your newborn baby, infant, toddler, little or plus size girl! Shop and save big on discout girls costumes -and all of our other great girls sale clothing!
Rare Editions Black Orange Floral Tutu Striped Legging Baby Girl Outfit 12-24M
Our Price $27.99
Sale Price: $13.99
Baby Girls Black Chevron Dot Pumpkin Halloween Jumper Dress 12-24M
Our Price $33.99
Sale Price: $16.99
Baby Girls Orange Chevron Spider Halloween Jumper Dress 12M-24M
Our Price $33.99
Sale Price: $16.99


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JERUSALEM (AP) " The Nazi soldiers made their orders very clear: Jewish American prisoners of war were to be separated from their fellow brothers in arms and sent to an uncertain fate.
KUNDUZ, Afghanistan (AP) " Two months after the Taliban rampaged through the northern Afghan city of Kunduz, residents are still sifting through the rubble, wondering how they will ever rebuild and worrying that the insurgents will return.
NEW YORK (AP) " Inspired by his own experience living in a New York City apartment building that was converted into high-priced condos, a 71-year-old former state regulator is taking on developers citywide on behalf of seniors and disabled tenants.
MINNEAPOLIS (AP) " In the tense days after a black man's death at the hands of police, Minnesota's first African-American congressman stood with protesters as they besieged a police station, even tweeting what he called an "agonizing" photograph...
NORMAN, Okla. (AP) " A suburban Oklahoma City police officer picked up an unusual subject found wandering along a rural road.
NAYPYITAW, Myanmar (AP) " Nearly a month after her party's crushing election win, Nobel laureate Aung San Suu Kyi held closed-door talks with Myanmar's outgoing president Wednesday to discuss what both hope will be a "smooth" transition of power.
REYHANLI, Turkey (AP) " Before a crowd of men on a street in the Syrian city of Palmyra, the masked Islamic State group judge read out the sentence against the two men convicted of homosexuality: They would be thrown to their deaths from the roof of...
NEW YORK (AP) " Kind words were in short supply for Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel at the premiere of Spike Lee's "Chi-Raq" in New York on Tuesday night.
PHILADELPHIA (AP) " Kobe Bryant breezed through the Philadelphia 76ers locker room and said to no one in particular, "keep it going, guys."
WATERVILLE VALLEY, N.H. (AP) " Donald Trump got personal with New Hampshire voters Tuesday night, telling them of the guilt he sometimes feels for not serving in the Vietnam War and advising young people to stay away from drugs and alcohol.
NBC'sBlindspotis the winner of TVGuide.com's
Sturgis Directory
Business Name
Location, ST | website.com


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Storm Events Database
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Storm Events DatabaseData available from 01/1950 to 01/2016
More information on Counties, Zones and Event Types...
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Flood, Tropical & Winter Weather).
Each event type listed below are also listed with their collection type (County or Zone). All searches are by county. For zone-based events, all zones intersecting or within a selected county will be returned from a search.
The county selection list is built from the events recorded in the Storm Events Database. An unlisted county means that no records are present.


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Each week we scour the web for insightful articles to share with the Founder Institute network.
This week's top articles include a no-nonsense cheat sheet for running your business, how to take action and move beyond the planning stage, and how to get through the inevitable tough times starting up.
Check out our must read articles for the week of August 25th - September 1st:
|The Ultimate Cheat Sheet For Starting and Running Your Business
|There are many types of business. Depending on your business, some of these won't apply. All of these questions come from questions I've been asked.
The rules are: I'm going to give no explanations. Just listen to me.
|Stop Planning. Start Doing.
|Just because you're great at planning, doesn't mean you're actually getting anything done. The most successful people — entrepreneurs, business owners, and even everyday professionals — are those who actually make things happen. In fact, if you're spending the majority of your day planning, you may be sabotaging not only your productivity, but also your career.
|4 Steps to Bounce Back From Failures
|You and I know that failures are part of the journey. At the recently concluded Inbound Conference, Seth Godin said, "If failure is not an option, success is not an option either." Failure and success are like two faces of the same coin. Then it seems like a mystery when you see someone struggling to bounce back from a failure.
|How to Get Through Founder's Despair
This start-up stuff is really hard, right? Are you starting to wonder whether yours will work? Is doubt creeping in? Are the conversations between you and your cofounder(s) moving from spirited to…weary? Do you find yourself just a little less focused than you were a few months ago?
Like this article?


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Prime Minister Mizengo Pinda has declared that recent changes in the cabinet will instill a new culture in the use of public funds and boost accountability in the government.
Premier Pinda made the observation at a colourful ceremony to light the Uhuru Torch, which was held at Sokoine Memorial Stadium here yesterday.
He said what is now required is for the people in all walks of life to cooperate with government authorities whenever they see that there is something that is not going right, to report and expose those concerned early enough so that disciplinary action can be restored among public sector executives.
The premier's statement comes hardly a week after President Jakaya Kikwete made changes to the cabinet line-up by dropping six ministers and two deputies.
Some sections of the public now demand that the dropped ministers be charged with offences relating to the mismanagement of the country's economy, although they don't cite any criminal acts the ministers may have committed for which they should be charged.
However, moments before announcing the cabinet line-up President Kikwete made it clear that some of the ministers were dropped under the principle of political accountability.
"Let us not wait until those who fail to properly supervise the use of public funds continue in the same habit; we should recognize that early and expose them promptly so as to restore discipline and accountability in public administration," the premier told the gathering.
Premier Pinda also used the torch-lighting ceremony to kick-start preparations for the national census to appeal to the people to come out in force to be counted on August 26. He said the census aimed at obtaining in-depth statistics relating to economic and social conditions as well as housing sector development.
The premier also used the occasion to appeal to the people to come out and express their view on the new constitution to the national commission, which views will be used in drawing up a new constitution. He said the commission was currently drawing up a timetable for touring the regions, adding that when the timetable is ready all the regions will be informed so they start making important preparations.
The Uhuru Torch race started in Mbeya region with the motto, 'Census is the basis for our development plans; get yourself to be counted on August 26 2012.'
At the same time, the prime minister has directed Consolidated Holdings Corporation (CHC) to ensure that two meat packing factories, one in Mbeya and another in Shinyanga, get investors before the end of this year. The premier issued the directive when he arrived in Mbeya to inspect a meat packing factory which has been neglected since 1978.
"Use every trick in the book to ensure that, come December, this year, you should have found someone to restart this factory as well as the one in Shinyanga so they are reactivated," he stated.
He said crop processing factories were build to help small farmers, but it was saddening to note that the factories were not being handled with a sense of priority, which contributed to failure to locate markets for crops produced by small farmers.
The premier said from now on crop processing industries should be given priority so that ordinary people benefit through adding value to peasants' crops.
Earlier, reading a report about the factory, Tanganyika Packers administrator Joseph Mapunda said the building of the factory started in 1975 and was supposed to be completed in,1985, but fell into a state of neglect following the start of the war with Idi Amin, after which its development capacity suffered for a long time.
At that time the building of the factory was about 86 per cent complete, with the required factory equipment having been bought and delivered at site. Some of the equipment was already installed at the factory while four others are even now stored in a safe place waiting to be installed so as to complete the factory.
He said CHC had twice advertised a tender to get an investor for the factory but no one came up, and was now preparing to make a third advertisement. He said about 4bn/- would be required to complete the revival of the factory, adding that a request would be made to the government for financing in case the third advertisement did not bear fruit.
He said CHC intends to appeal to the government to finish the construction of the factory and then its shares be sold to various stakeholders such as district councils, cooperative societies and financial institutions so that the factory can start operating.
Mapunda said that when the factory is completed it will be able to handle 250 cattle for slaughter daily, provide employment for about 2000 people as well as provide a ready market for cattle among the residents in the Southern Highlands zone.
Premier Pinda inspected various sections of the factory, seeing for himself factory equipment which had already been installed. He was also briefed on how they work.


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Vol State Ranks Top 40 in Nation for Travel Study
Submitted on March 22, 2013 at 9:16 AM
Volunteer State Community College students travel to countries across the globe as part of the International Education program at the college. A new ranking puts Vol State in the top 40 of community colleges in the nation for the percentage of students that participate in travel study. The Institute of International Education (IIE) ranked the college number 32 in the country. Last year, the college had 42 students travel internationally.
"The number of students we have been sending overseas has been growing," said Ann-Marie Ruttenbur, coordinator of International Education. "It's our goal to get a cross-section of students participating."
"It's life changing for the students who travel, said International Education director John Espey. " It gives them an experience they'll be able to reflect on for a lifetime."
Travel study can take many forms at Vol State. Faculty lead trips involve students from certain classes traveling overseas for study. One of those was held recently when Vol State music students traveled to Ireland to perform and learn about Irish music traditions. The college is also an active participant in TnCIS travel study. Students can choose from a number of different TnCIS classes taught in many different countries. The academic focus of the class determines the sites visited during the trip. Student complete assignments, just as in a traditional class, and receive college credit for the class.
Travel study programs are just one of many ways that Vol State is bringing international perspectives to students on campus. Events are held throughout the year on the campuses. Speakers from countries such as Pakistan and Myanmar can provide a unique insight into the challenges in those nations.
IIE reports that U.S. student participation in study abroad has more than tripled over the past two decades. For more information about International Education at Vol State visit www.volstate.edu/International.
Pictured: Vol State music students and faculty play bluegrass at The Monks Public House in Thurles, Ireland as part of a recent International Education trip. Left to right: Brittany Smith, Gallatin; Jim Horton, Nashville; Ben Graves, Nashville; Daniel Parnell, Gallatin; and Mark Barnett, Nashville.
A service provided by the Office of Public Relations.


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Our strategy
Improve community infrastructure, health, resiliency and economic opportunities in Indonesia's most challenging urban and coastal areas.
The context
About half of all Indonesians live on less than two dollars a day. Employment growth has been slower than population growth. Public services remain inadequate by middle-income standards, and health indicators are poor. The island is also one of the most disaster-prone nations in the world.
Our work
- Economic opportunity: Providing technical assistance, training and financial services to microfinance institutions throughout the country and helping spice farmers earn more income
- Health: Raising awareness and supporting mothers to practice and promote exclusive breastfeeding
- Water: Improving sanitation and hygiene in crowded urban areas with a mobile sludge removal service
- Disaster preparedness: Identifying and mapping areas at risk and helping those communities plan, train and practice how to respond when disasters occur
- Emergency response: Maintaining a response team ready to quickly deploy and provide immediate relief to survivors during the critical first months after a disaster strikes
All stories about Indonesia
Indonesia: Addressing the Impact of Climate Change in Indonesian Slums
Indonesia: Recycled Life
Indonesia: Dishing out healthy street food
This photo was taken at a Mercy Corps-sponsored food cart in north Jakarta, Indonesia. The woman in the photo is the Vice Governor of Jakarta. She was in a neighboring community and heard about the Healthy Street Foods project and got so excited that she stopped by the opening event.
Indonesia: Eat your tempeh, kids
Indonesia: Nineteen: Cahyan, tofu snack seller
Indonesia: Nineteen: Hasanuddin, water seller
Hasanuddin, 44, operates a small food stall and sells water in an illegal settlement under a toll road in Jakarta. He says that he earns "enough to survive."
Indonesia: Nineteen: Eni, jamu seller
Indonesia: Nineteen: Hepi, soto ayam soup seller
Indonesia: Nineteen: Sriyusiati, soto betawi soup seller
Indonesia: Reach hopes for the poor
Mercy Corps Indonesia's Urban Program aims to build just, productive and secure urban communities.


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Gatlinburg Hiking
With over 9 million visitors each year The Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) is the most visited National Park in the country. These ancient mountains, some of the oldest in the world, continue to attract vacationers from all over the country and the world.
Many visitors to the Great Smoky Mountains may be also be surprised to learn that the Great Smoky Mountain is considered one of the most biodiverse places in the country with a wealth of flora and fauna (over 16,000 species of flowering plant and 66 species of mammal). The numerous types of ecosystems that house these plants and animals is encompassed all within this one park.
In fact the Great Smoky Mountains is so unique in that a hiker an experience three different climate zones all in one hike, replete with different flora and fauna in each zone. Therefore, visitors really have the opportunity to experience the beauty, natural wonders, and biodiversity of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park best through hiking.Appalachian Cove forest on Baxter Creek Trail in Great Smoky Mountains National Park by Miguel.v - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons
While many visitors come to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park to experience the wonder of these majestic mountains and awe-inspiring setting, very few even scrape the surface of the numerous hiking trails that plunge up, into, and cross this immense park. Covering more than 521,000 acres the Great Smoky Mountains National Park features more than 800 miles of hiking trails, including nearly 71 miles of the famous Appalachian Trail.
In order to help guests to the area further enjoy and appreciate the astounding park, we've created the ultimate "Insider's Hiking Guide" to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Visitors can use this guide to choose from an array of outdoor experiences, whether it be viewing a waterfall or hiking to a mountain bald to experiencing a panoramic mountain vista, this guide has it all.
To create this hiking guide, we went straight to the most knowledgeable sources. We interviewed numerous local hiking experts, outdoor outfitter owners, guides and more. We probed these local hiking gurus to find their favorite hikes, vistas, and sacred spots located within these marvelous mountains. Here's where the locals, longtime Smokies connoisseurs, and naturalists hike, escape and find their Zen.
We started by asking our experts why they love hiking in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. So just to get you pumped up before you select and plan your hike, here's what they had to say:
Brad Dodson, member of the Smoky Mountain 900 Milers (a select group of Smoky Mountain hikers who have traversed every single trail in the park), explains:
"I've hiked in national parks all over the country, but I really enjoy the variety of terrain her in the GSMNP. You can be in river valleys, ridge tops, everything in between, all in the same hike even. It's pretty amazing!"
Ed McAlister owner of River Mountain Sports in Knoxville,
"One thing about hiking in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park is it's pure hiking.[Because of the regulations for the park...] you aren't going to encounter any ATVs, dogs, or mountain bikes. It's really set aside and created just for hiking and that makes it different than many other area hiking options."
Ben Lethco Manager of Nantahala Outdoor Center-Gatlinburg describes,
"One of the key features of why we love the GSMNP is the diversity of the park. It seems like the park has something for everyone who visits. For hikers, you have numerous trails to hike. The trails take you to waterfalls, to tops of mountains, through old growth forests and through old homesteads...Nature lovers adore the park as well. The park is home to many different wildflowers and wildlife. Another reason we love hiking in the park is the peace of being outside in nature. The GSMNP is the most visited park in the US, so we see a lot of traffic. Barring some of the more popular trails, you can be on a trail and not run into another person. The sights and sounds of being in the park is why we continue to go back. Its just like John Muir said, 'The Mountains are calling, I must go.'"
As Greg Rowe, co-owner of Little River Trading Company in Maryville, Tennessee explains:
"The Great Smoky Mountain National Park has beautiful views. It was settled by rugged, interesting, capable people. There are so many well documented examples of their culture, examples of a second growth forest and well marked trails. Not to mention its diverse and interesting flora and fauna."
Caroline Haynes, Store Manager for Blue Ridge Mountain Sports in Knoxville describes,
"[I love hiking the GSMNP because of its]... unique lush vegetation. For the most part the trails are very well defined and marked with signs. The backpacking is made easy with well distinguished campgrounds, cable for hanging your food and pack, and an abundance water source. The wonderful history and stories of the trails"
Best Waterfall Hikes
Big Creek/Mouse Creek Falls
A great family friendly hike in a different area of the park Big Creek Mouse Creek Falls is located near the North Carolina/Tennessee line. This wide trail follows a former railroad grade used to carry out lumber during the logging boom that predominated this area in the early 1900s.
Accessed from the Big Creek parking area just past the ranger station, hikers will enjoy following much of this beautiful creek as they wind up the trail on this hike. At nearly a mile and half hikers will come upon a beautiful deep pool known as Midnight Hole. Also, a popular swimming hole in the area, a 6 foot waterfall cascades into this pristine pool between two boulders.
At just over two miles hikers will notice a short side trail on the left that leads to Mouse Creek Falls. This is the final destination for the hike. Hikers will delight in the picturesque 45 foot waterfall that pours over ancient mossy rocks. A bench is located at the bottom to rest, take photos and just take in these magnificent falls.
- mileage: 4.0 miles round trip
- difficulty rating: moderate
- To plan your hike visit: NPS Gov. Website or Hiking in The Smokys
Middle Prong Trail
This trail has a little bit of everything, boasting three waterfalls, wildflowers, and a lot of history. This trail is a real treat for hikers not just because of it's three splendid waterfalls.
According to Jeff Doran, Smoking Mountain Hiking Guru and founder of the comprehensive site "Hiking in the Smokies, "Middle Prong trail is his favorite hike for waterfall viewing in the park. As he notes, "Hands down the Middle Prong Trail is the best waterfall hike in the Smokies, at least from my perspective. The trail passes three major waterfalls, in addition to numerous smaller falls, cataracts and cascades."
In addition hikers will also enjoy the history and wildflowers encountered along this trail. Beginning at the end of Tremont Road near the Townsend "Y." Just near the trailhead for this hike, hikers will notice the remains of the former lumber camp known as Tremont. This community had a post office, hotel, a general store, maintenance sheds, and a community center that also served as a church, school, and movie theater.
This hike is steeped in history, even down to the ground hikers walk on. Hikers will enjoy traversing this wider trail-like-road. While many people might think this was a former road, it was in fact an old railroad bed for the Little River Lumber Company. This section of the park was logged until 1918, when its owner finally agreed to sell its land to the park.
After hiking nearly half a mile hikers will encounter the 35 foot, multi-tiered waterfalls, Lower Lynn Camp Falls. This rushing layered falls are really spectacular and are especially resplendent after wetter weeks. As hikers trek on they will next come upon Lynn Camp Falls, another superb multi-tiered waterfall.
Near the two mile mark just off the side of the trail the remains of an old rusted Cadillac are pressed into the ground. Just past the three mile maker hikers will see the pass a chimney from an old homestead on the left side of the trail. And finally when you pass over the footbridge, at a bit over 4 miles from the trailhead hikers should be on the look out for an unmarked side trail, branching off to the right. This trail leads to Indian Flats Falls, the final waterfall of the hike.
This hike is also a recommended "WildFlower Walk" by the GSMNP and during the spring and early summer hikers may view a plethora of vibrant wildflowers such as foamflower, toothwort, violets, wood sorrel, and trilliums first two miles.
- mileage: 8.3 miles round trip
- difficulty rating: strenuous
- To plan your hike visit: http://www.hikinginthesmokys.com/middle-prong-trail.htm
Rainbow Falls
Rainbow Falls is a favorite among locals and tourists alike. As Ben Lethco, Manager NOC-Gatlinburg, describes "This is a moderate 5.5 mile roundtrip hike showcases one of the nicest waterfalls in the park. There is a good chance to see some wildlife. And the trail itself is close to Gatlinburg, so you do not have to travel far to get there."
The trail to these beautiful falls is actually accessed via the Historic Nature trail that starts at traffic light 8 in downtown Gatlinburg.
After starting at the trailhead off the Roaring Fork Motor Nature Trail, hikers will experience a steady climb through boulder fields for the first part of the hike. They will follow Le Conte Creek and cross over two footbridges before arriving at their destination, Rainbow Falls, at 2.7 miles. The beautiful Rainbow Falls is the largest single drop waterfall in the park, with a height of 80 feet. On a sunny day a rainbow is often produced by the falls' mist, thus deriving its name.
Hikers can venture close to the base of the falls, but the park highly cautions people to be wary of the slippery and mossy rocks located under the falls.
- mileage: 5.4 miles round trip
- difficulty rating: moderate
- To plan your hike visit: NPS or Hiking in the Smokys
Ramsey Cascade
Located in the Greenbrier section of the park, this trail is strenuous but it is worth the hike. With over 2,300 feet in elevation gain this hike is considered strenuous. Though rugged and steep in parts, this hike is still popular due to the reward that lies at its destination, the gorgeous falls.
Hikers begin this trail follow the remains of an old gravel road for the for 1.5 miles that will eventually turn into a more narrow path. From here hikers will begin to enter one of the few old growth forest remaining in the park, untouched by the logging boom in the early 20th century. Some of the oldest and largest trees in the park can be found in this area and hikers can enjoy walking among large tuliptrees, eastern hemlock, basswoods, silverbells, and yellow birches.
The trail follows Ramsey Prong of the Little Pigeon River, so hikers can enjoy the babbling rivers and streams en route to their destination. The trail culminates at Ramsey Cascades that flows over rock outcroppings from 100 feet high. This waterfall lands in a small pool below, where numerous salamanders can be found.
- mileage: 8 miles round trip
- difficulty rating: strenuous
Abrams Falls
While Abrams Falls is not the highest waterfall in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, reaching only 20 feet high, it is one of the more prolific in the park. The large volume of water rushing over the falls and plunging into the sparking 100-foot pool at its base, certainly makes it worth the hike. Although ranked moderate, Abrams Falls is only a 5 mile round trip hike; making it relatively easy compared to other hikes that gain much more elevation (this hike only has a 340 foot total elevation gain).
Named after a Cherokee Chief who's village was once located a few miles from these falls, this trail can be accessed via the Cades Cove Loop road. Hikers will begin their hike at the back of the grassy field just past stop #10 on Cades Cove Loop road.
They will then meander down the trail that follows Abrams Creek, that they crossed to get here working there way through ridges of pine-oak forest and hemlock and rhododendron forest closer to the creek.
This hike's destination Abrams Falls is reached after 2.5 miles. Here hikers bask in the rushing waters and luminous water pooled at the bottom of this rushing cascade. While some people choose to take a dip. It is highly warned that swimming is extremely dangerous here due to strong currents and undertow, numerous drowning have occurred at this spot.
- mileage: 5 miles round trip
- difficulty rating: moderate
- Learn more: http://www.hikinginthesmokys.com/abrams.htm
Best View Hikes
Gregory Bald
Best known for the flame azaleas that bloom on it's summit during June, this hike also offers superb panoramic vistas. With over 3,000 feet of elevation gain this hike is also rated strenuous, so it's not for the faint of heart. However, adventurers seeking an incredible view will find the 11.3 mile (roundtrip) hike well worth their efforts. As it's name would suggest the summit-Gregory Bald-features a 10-acre meadow, where you can frolic and gape at the stunning views, and have your own "Sound of Music" moment. This hike includes stream crossing, old growth forest wildflowersrs in the spring, and of course the amazing bald on top with scenic views of Fontana Lake, Cades Cove and more.
- mileage: 11.3 miles
- difficulty rating: strenuous
RockyTop/Thunderhead MountainPhoto: Brian Stansberry / Creative Commons
The University of Tennessee has a song about it, "Good Old Rocky Top," this famous anthem belted at any an every football game or prideful UT moment. The song is famous, but the people that actually summit this legendary mountain are few and far between. Over seven miles each way, this hike, Rocky Top is also known as Thunderhead Mountain. This is an intense trail to say the least, with over 3500 of elevation gain.
Hikers will traverse through rhododendron tunnels, through some small grassy meadows, and hike on the Appalachian trail and among beautiful Mountain Laurel in June. Upon reaching the summit hikers are rewarded with an incredible panoramic view of the North Carolina side of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park as they summit to
As Jeff Doran, writer of Hiking the Smokies.com notes, "Rocky Top is another all-time favorite. In fact, it has some of the best views in the entire park, IMHO. Almost 14 miles, I think most park visitors bypass this one for easier hikes. It's an all day affair, but definitely worth it!"
This hike leaves from the beautiful Cade's Cove just near the picnic area.
- mileage: 13.9 miles
- difficulty rating: strenuous
- To plan your hike visit: http://www.hikinginthesmokys.com/thunderhead.htm
Andrews BaldPhoto: Brian Stansberry / Creative Commons
For those seeking those panoramic views and Kodak worthy scenes without the strenuous hike, Andrews Bald is your best option. Leaving from Clingman's Dome parking lot (the highest point in the park) Hikers will travel 1.7 with ,only a 900 foot elevation gain compared to the other more strenuous balds, along the Forney Ridge Trail. However, this trail is known to be rugged and rocky, so be sure to wear good hiking boots!
Hikers will pass through a spruce fir forest, typical of this elevation in the park, and travel up and join with the Appalachian Trail briefly before turning toward the bald.
A perfect place to have a picnic and relish your rugged climb, Andrew's bald features several acres of open grassy meadow. Balds such as Andrew's Bald and Gregory Bald are known as high elevation grassy meadows, and are just a few of the grassy meadows maintained by the national park service. If these bald were not maintained by the park forest would grow and recover these areas.
- mileage: 3.5 miles round trip
- difficulty rating: moderate
- To plan your hike visit: http://www.hikinginthesmokys.com/andrewsbald.htm
Chimney TopsPhoto: Brian Stansberry / Creative Commons
One of the more popular hikes, Chimney tops truly catches everyone's eyes as these unique rock structures rise from the mountains. Visitors can see the twin peaks of these rare rock features while winding up Newfound Gap Road. The stunning views from these unique rock structures are well worth the climb.
Hikers will climb 1,700 feet in just two miles to reach the 4,800 foot summit. While rated moderate, this is a strenuous and slick climb. Hikers are advised to be in good physical shape as hand over foot climbing is necessary in some portions.
The first part of this trail follows the rushing mountain stream of Road Prong creek. During the summer months hikers will experience rhododendron, mountain laurel and many other wildflowers along this part of the trail, the rest of the trail is a very steep climb.
Due to the heave use of this trail The combination of heavy use, abundant rainfall, and steep terrain had turned the Chimney Tops Trail into a badly eroded obstacle course of slick, broken rock, exposed tree roots, and mud. These hazards encouraged hikers to pick their way across uneven surfaces.
NOTE: Summer closure dates for 2014. This trail is only open Fridays-Saturdays for trail maintenance. Learn more about trail closure here.
- mileage: 3.8 miles round trip
- difficulty rating: moderate
- To plan your hike visit: http://www.hikinginthesmokys.com/chimney.htm
Charlies BunionPhoto: Brian Stansberry / Creative Commons
For hikers itching to hike on the famous Appalachian Trail, this hike gives them that opportunity while also rewarding them with incredible views of the Greenbrier valley and more. This is a steep climb but will quickly pull you out of the crowds of Newfound Gap.
During the spring and summer hikers will enjoy various wildflowers Many portions of this hike are at or near 6,000 feet, the highest points in the park, previewing the way and excellent views Mt. Le Conte and the surrounding mountains.
Ben Lethco Manager of NOC-Gatlinburg notes, "Charlies Bunion is a great hike with great views. You start at Newfound Gap and you hope on the Appalachian Trail for 4 miles. The Bunion offers views of the Greenbrier valley below."
- mileage: 8.1 miles round trip
- difficulty rating: strenuous
- To plan your hike visit: http://www.hikinginthesmokys.com/charliesbunion.htm
Lesser Known Hikes
Sugarland Mountain Trail (a long trail that goes from Clingman's Dome Rd.)Photo: Brian Stansberry / Creative Commons
If you want to get away from the crowds at Clingman's Dome and experience a trail, truly "off the beaten path," Sugarland Mountain Trail is a great choice. As Brad Dodson Smokey Mountain 900 miler describes, "If you want to get away from the crowds this trail is really incredible. You look down on the more popular chimney tops. It follows a ridgetop for many miles and the vistas are extraordinary, it's hard to access and long, a great a ridge top hike for several miles."
This trail take a bit more effort to access than other trails, since you must use an short access trail and walk on a short bit of the Appalachian trail to reach Sugarland Mountain Trail, making it harder to find. While many people drive down Clingman's Dome Road to access the highest point in the park, you will stop mid-way down this road to begin scouting out the access point to the Sugarland Mountain trail. After turning right from Newfound Gap Road onto Clingmans Dome Road you will a bit over three and half miles until you reach the parking area for the Fork Ridge Trail on your left. Directly across the road from this parking area will be a sign that reads "Appalachian Trail". This is the access trail that will lead you to the Appalachian Trail, which in a short distance will put you on the Sugarland Mountain Trail.
To begin this hike, use the short access trail across the road from the Fork Ridge Trail parking area. Once you reach the Appalachian Trail turn left and in less than one-third of a mile you will come up the Sugarland Mountain Trail. After hiking on the Sugarland Mountain Trail for more than half a mile you will pass the Mt. Collins backcountry shelter.
You will then hike for a mile through a thick high elevation spruce fir forest. This trail will continue to climb, and at the high elevations of almost 6,000 feet, you will really get to experience some incredible views as you traverse this spine of the Smokies.
- mileage: 7 miles round trip
- difficulty rating: moderate
- To plan your hike visit: http://www.hikinginthesmokys.com/sugarland_mountain.htm
Boogerman Loop Trail (Cataloochee Valley)
This trail will have a little less traffic than others in the park because hikers must drive and accesses it in the more remote Cataloochee valley. None the less, this hike is worth the drive it takes to reach the trailhead and the time you spend traversing. Described by some as the "Quintessential" Smokies hike, this hike includes the best the Smokies has to offer: Appalachian history, old growth forests, free flowing creeks, wildflowers, and more.
This trail can be accessed in near the Cataloochee campground in Cataloochee section of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Like other more clandestine trails, this trail is actually accessed from another trail. Just past Cataloochee campground hikers will look for the Caldwell Fork trailhead on the left which leads to the Boogerman Trail.
This hike beings on the from the Caldwell Fork Trailhead where hikers will first cross a long footbridge over Palmer Creek, and this is just the start, this hike will include 14 footbridge crossings in all. Hikers will continue through lush rhododendron and Hemlock forest for 8 tenths of a mile to reach the junction with Boogerman Trail. From here you can decide to turn left or right, as it is a loop but read more on the website's below to choose your route.
Not only will hikers have the thrill of hiking through dense old growth forest hike, along and across mountain streams, but they will also encounter the Robert Palmer home site-whose nickname was "Boogerman," for whom the trail was named after. In addition, hikers will come upon a 70-80 foot long stone wall that was a part of the Carson Messer homestead.
As Brad Dodson explains, "This is one of my favorite hikes because it rolls through big old growth forest, not too strenuous, an incredible history that goes with it!"
- mileage: 7.4 miles round trip
- difficulty rating: moderate
- Learn more and plan your trip here
Mingus Creek Trail
This hike begins in the parking area for Mingus Mill near the Oconaluftee Visitors Center just outside on the Cherokee side of the park. While many vacationers come to visit the mill few take the time to traverse these trail, meaning hikers will likely encounter less traffic on this trail than others in the park.
This moderately rated trail winds beside the rushing waters of Mingus Creek. Hikers will enjoy hiking in the serene setting of this dense forest among thick rhododendron. Hikers will cross several footbridges along the way, and have the chance to view a historic cemetery at .08 miles, be sure to watch out for the sign. This hike ends at the junction with Deeplow Gap Trail at 2.9 miles where hikers will turn around to begin their descent back towards the mill.
- mileage: 5.8 miles round trip
- difficulty rating: moderate
- Check out The Day Hiker's Review about this trail.
Endurance Hikes
For seasoned hikers that are really seeking to push their limits, these hikes are considered some of the most taxing and rugged in the park. These hikes are not recommended for the novice hiker and people attempting them should be well versed in outdoor safety, have the right gear, and a good map before attempting to conquer these demanding hikes.
Mt. Sterling via Baxter Creek
This hike starts in the Big Creek located near the North Carolina/Tennessee Border and summits and is one of several ways to summit and access the historic fire tower at the top of the majestic Mount Sterling.
Considered by many to be one the toughest trails in the park and certainly the most rugged way to summit Mount Sterling, this hike is a definite endurance test. This rugged 12.2 mile trail (round trip) ascends over 4,000 feet in just over six miles.
Hikers will pass through old growth forests in lower elevations and climb up through Balsam and Spruce forests at higher elevations. After a demanding climb hikers will summit at the 5842-foot. Unfortunately, the climb isn't over, but these extra steps are worth the effort. HIkers will encounter the historic 60-foot fire tower at the top of Mt. Sterling.
Upon climbing this tower hikers are rewarded for their valiant efforts with the stunning views that can be seen from this tower. From this high elevation and even higher look out tower surrounding mountains such Balsam Mountain, Mount Guyot can bee seen when it is clear. Hikers can also enjoy views of Max Patch to the east, and the Cataloochee Valley.
- mileage: 12.2 miles round trip
- difficulty rating: strenuous
- To plan your hike: http://www.hikinginthesmokys.com/sterling_baxter_creek.htm
Mt LeConte via Alum Cave Trail
One of the more famous mountains in the park, Mt. LeConte stands at 6593 feet, the third highest peak in the Smokies. It is well known for it's rugged climbs and famous summit where the famous LeConte Lodge stands as the highest guest Lodge in the Eastern United States.
While there are several ways to summit Mt. LeConte, Mt. LeConte via Alum Cave Trail is considered the most interesting. This endurance hike is 11 miles round trip trail and offers both spectacular mountain views and geological marvels, such as Arch Rock and Alum Cave Bluffs.
This hike begins at the Alum Cave Trailhead where hikers will traverse a little under 1 and half before reaching Arch Rock. The trail actually moves under the arch with where hikers will traverse very cool natural steps cut into the stone. Two miles into this hike, hikers will enjoy inspiration point with excellent views and just a bit further up hikers will enjoy Alum Cave, or actually a concave bluff. This is the spot where Epsom salts were mined during the 1800s and sold to homesteaders who would use it for dying homespun cloth.photo courtesy of http://hikingthecarolinas.com/
Hikers will climb up and over several rock ledges with cables before reaching a flatter part of the trail enters a spruce pine forest. At just over 5 miles the Alum Cave Trail ends at the junction with Rainbow Falls Trail, hikers will turn right and come upon the famous Mt. LeConte Lodge, but to reach the true summit hikers must soldier on another half a mile to reach the true summit known as High Top. From here the hiker will be rewarded with extraordinary views of the surrounding park.
- mileage: 11 miles round trip
- difficulty rating: strenuous
- To plan your hike: http://www.hikinginthesmokys.com/lecontealum.htm
Mt. CammererPhoto: Brian Stansberry / Creative Commons
This 12 mile trails includes a rigorous and steep climbing in parts, and with nearly a 2,500 foot elevation gain, hikers will earn this summit with its terrific panoramic views.
Hikers begin the hike to Mt. Kammerer's summit at the Cosby Campground on the Low Gap Trailhead. From this point hikers will experience a vigorous uphill climb before reaching the Appalachian Trail after 3 miles.
After reaching the Appalachian Trail hikers will turn left to walk towards and cross a grassy ridge overlooking Cosby Valley. Finally, hikers will endure the final push on the spur trail that leads up to Mt Cammerer summit.
Here hikers can delight in the amazing panoramic views of the Pigeon River Gorge and beyond with Mountains in all directions. These views can be enjoyed on the deck of a restored octagonal fire tower that sits atop Mt. Cammerer. This fire tower was built hand-cut stone by the Civilian Conservation Corp in the 1930s.
- mileage: 12 miles round trip
- difficulty rating: strenuous
- To plan your hike visit: http://www.hikinginthesmokys.com/cammerer.htm
Family Hikes
Huskey Gap (via Newfound Gap Road)
For hikers seeking a bit of a historical experience this lesser known trail is a great hike through some old homesteads. Easily accessed just outside Gatlinburg near the Sugarlands Visitor Center this hike this moderate trail gets you in the woods and gives you a great chance to enjoy wildflowers in the spring.
Just after starting this hike you will encounter the stone ruins of an old fence left behind by some of the first homesteaders in the area. This trail is so popular for wildflower viewing that it is in fact a part of the Great Smoky Mountains Association's annual Spring Wildflower Pilgrimage Tour that takes place every April in the National Park.
Some of the wildflowers that can be viewed along this trail in the spring include: Canadian Violets, False Solomon's Seal, Yellow Trillium, Purple Phacelia, Crested Dwarf Iris, Dog Hobble, Dogwood, Trillium Erect, Wild Ginger, Yellow Mandarin, Bishop Caps, Foam Flower, Blue Cohosh, Squirrel Corn, Silver Bell, and more.
This out and back trail will take you to the Sugarland Mountain Trail. So after enjoying a moderate climb, the dense forest, and hopefully some flowers (if you are here the right time of year) hikers will reach their destination after 2.1 miles at this junction then turn and head back.
- mileage: 4.2 miles round trip
- difficulty rating: moderate
- To plan your hike: http://www.hikinginthesmokys.com/huskygap2.htm
Laurel FallsPhoto: Brian Stansberry / Creative Commons
For young families with wee tots that may need a stroller or a more stable surface to waddle up Laurel Falls is a great choice. This trail is one of the most popular trails in the park for a reason, not only is it paved, but the hike culminates at the 80-foot high Laurel Falls. The round-trip distance to the waterfall is approximately 2.6 miles and takes most visitors about two hours to complete.
Hikers will be thrilled to view the 80 foot falls when they arrive at the top. Named for the abundant Mountain Laurel that grows in the Great Smoky Mountain region, the falls are actually divided into an upper and lower section divided by a walkway over the stream. These splendid falls are sure to be a delight for the entire family.
NOTE: because this trail is paved there are sections that can be especially slick or icy. Be sure to watch your step!
- mileage: 2.3 miles round trip
- difficulty rating: easy
- To plan your hike: http://www.nps.gov/grsm/planyourvisit/laurel-falls.htm
School House Gap Trail
This rolling and relaxing hike is great for families. This is easy trail is only 3.8 miles round trip and has minimal elevation gain compared to other trails in the park. This trail offers a wide path for families that would like to walk side-by-side or in small clusters. In the spring, this trail is well known for its abundant wildflowers. Hikers can expect to see Virginia bluebells as well as beaked violets, pink lady's slippers, fairy wand, golden aster, star grass, red clover, Robin's plantain, sun drops, Catesby's trillium and lyre-leaf sage during season. Also as hiker's gain elevation rhododendron and mountain laurel can also be seen.
This trailhead can be found 3.9 miles west of the "Townsend Y" on the road to Cades Cove. At a little under a mile Hikers will come to Turkey Pen Ridge Trail which branches off to the left, and they will continue straight to stay on the School House Gap Trail. They will then encounter another trail leading off to the left just after Turkey Pen Ridge Trail. This out-and-back trail ends at the junction of Chestnut Top Trail after 1.9 miles from the trail head.
- mileage: 3.8 miles round trip
- difficulty rating: easy
- To plan your hike: http://www.hikinginthesmokys.com/schoolhousegap.htm
Oconaluftee River TrailPhoto credits
This is an easy, 3 mile round trip hike that starts at the Oconaluftee Visitors Center, two miles north of Cherokee. This rolling hike is great for families as it is a wide path that travels beside the rushing Oconaluftee River. This trail also goes through the Mountain Farm Museum.
Hikers will also enjoy walking through the dense and picturesque forest among numerous trees such as: Eastern hemlock, yellow buckeye, Eastern sycamore, white basswood, flowering dogwood, and tuliptrees.
This trail is also a favorite spot to view more than 40 species of wildflowers in the spring. Some of the most popular wildflowers viewed along this trail, are a variety of trillium and violets, jack-in-the-pulpit, squirrel corn, stonecrop and May apple can be viewed along this trail.
- mileage: 3.0 miles round trip
- difficulty rating: easy
- To plan your hike visit: http://www.nps.gov/grsm/planyourvisit/ocon-river-trail.htm
Porters Creek Trail
Located off 321 this trail can be accessed by turning right into Greenbrier near the town of Pittman Center outside of Gatlinburg. Hikers will travel down this road as it turns into gravel and past a junction to the trailhead.
Porters Creek Trail begins as a wide gravel road. Hikers will travel through a thick forest with abundant foliage and moss covered rocks so popular in stream pictures of the Great Smoky Mountains. After hiking about 2/3 mile hikers will encounter the stone wall remnants from the Elbert Cantrell farmstead. Just over a mile from the trailhead hikers will cross a footbridge and find a fork in the road. If they choose they can follow the trail to the right that leads to the historic John Messer farm site, which includes a cantilevered barn built in 1875.
Hikers will continue on to the waterfalls reached around 2 miles. This 60-foot Fern Branch Falls cascades down the ridge to the left of the trail. These falls make the hikers destination and turn around point.
This trail is spectacular for wildflower viewing. Located in the Greenbriar area of the park hikers can do this moderate 4 mile roundtrip hike and see a plethora of wildflowers such as find yellow trillium, toothwort, wild geranium, May-apple, dwarf ginseng, blue phlox, baneberry, foam flower, halberd-leaved violets, woodland bluets and Jack-in-the-pulpits. This trail also features a waterfall.
- mileage: 4 miles round trip
- difficulty rating: moderate
- To plan your hike visit: http://www.hikinginthesmokys.com/porters.htm
Guide Service: A Walk in the Woods
Some vacationers may be hesitant to plunge into the deep forests of the Great Smoky Mountains without a seasoned expert in the backcountry, while others are just looking to learn more about the history and flora and fauna found on certain hikes. In their 16th year A Walk in the Woods has specializes in providing groups with direct, positive and educational experiences in nature. As owner Vesna Plakanis notes, "Over the past 16 years they have helped over 61,000 visitors safely experience the Smokies."
For visitors seeking a hiking guide to enhance their hiking experience in the GSMNP, A Walk in the Woods, owner Vesna Plakanis describes, "People use our guide service for a variety of reasons, including learning about the unique natural and human history of the area, how-to operate safely in bear country, how to backpack, etc."
A Walk in the Woods is the only full-range nature guide service in the Smoky Mountain area. As Vesna notes, "We are experts in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, medicinal and edible uses of wild plants and mushrooms, wild animals and their habits, backpacking, primitive skills, outdoor survival, and local human history, including the Cherokee and early settlers."
Some visitors to the park might be on the fence about whither or not to hire a guide. But as Vesna explains a guide can really give you a whole new spin on the area and inside peek that would otherwise be more challenging to find. "As a guide and traveler myself, I always insist on doing at least one guided tour of an area. A guide brings a whole different component to an experience and a great guide will create a sense of connection to the place through his/her love of the area.
This guide service has continually garnered fame and awards for their superb skills in guiding and customer satisfaction. As Vesna describes, "In 2012, we were given the Top Guide award through REI Adventures, the only guide service in the entire Eastern US to have ever received this prestigious award. We are consistently in the top 5 attractions from Trip Advisor." In addition, A Walk in the Woods has been featured on Samantha Brown's Travel Channel Program, on National Geographic Globe Trekkers, NBC Nightly News, Backpacker Magazine, Endless Vacation, USA Today, AAA magazine Home and Away, National Geographic Adventurer, Outside Magazine, in the Washington Post, the Wall Street Journal, Shape Magazine, Women's Health, Southern Living, and more.
Hikers choosing to book a guided hike with A Walk in the Woods will experience much more than an interpretative hike, they will walk through history, understand the immense park from a whole new angles. As Terry concludes, " All of our guides are not only naturalists, they are storytellers, educators and are all great with people. They each bring their own unique take on the Park's micro and macro climate. We have many folks who come again and again because they feel so much more connected to the Smokies after doing a tour with us."
Founded in 1972 as rafting company in the beautiful Nantahala Gorge, the Nantahala Outdoor Center is considered the premier rafting company of the southeast. As their reputation with rafting and outdoor adventure grew the NOC expanded its reach to other areas in the Appalachian mountains. While many of these outposts have guided trips and sold outdoor apparel and gear it wasn't until. that NOC decided to open their flagship store in Gatlinburg.
This 18,000 square foot flagship store is strategically located just outside the downtown Gatlinburg entrance to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. AS Ben explains, "One of the reasons NOC has a store in Gatlinburg is to help guests experience the Great Smoky Mountains. We also are next door to the GSMNP entrance, making access to the Smokies a breeze. The store is a one stop shop for all your hiking/backpacking needs. NOC Gatlinburg is a 18000 square-foot store making it one of the biggest stores in Gatlinburg. Our products range from gifts to gear, snacks to packs."
The NOC-Gatlinburg offers everything visitors need to enjoy the park from essential outdoor gear and apparel to guided trips, signature gifts and more. As Manager Bent Lethco describes, "Here at NOC, one of our goals is to help people enjoy the outdoors. From rafting and kayaking to hiking and biking, NOC offers their guests the opportunity to explore the adventurous side of the outdoors and the adventurous side of themselves."
In fact a visit to the store is a family excursion in and of itself. With swinging rope bridge, kid-friendly bear cave, giant fireplace and climbing wall, families could spend an entire afternoon exploring the store.
Not to mention the shopping, NOC-Gatlinburg features top outdoor brands. As Manager Ben Lethco notes, "We sell products from Columbia, Keen, Chaco, Osprey, Patagonia, Mountain Hardwear, Deuter, just to name a few. We have also devoted 1000 square-feet of the store to The North Face called The North Face Summit Shop. We also sell pottery and gifts made right here in the Smokies."" In addition to outdoor gear, apparel, and equipment NOC-Gatlinburg carries vacation necessities such as like shoes, sandals, swimsuits, sunglasses, hats, jackets, coats, gloves, or even headphones on a seasonal basis.
Not only does the NOC-Gatlinburg provide a wealth of tangible products and gear for customers and guests to the park, but they also feature a skillful set of human resources. As Ben explains, "To go along with the products that we sell, our staff provides the knowledge and the guidance to help you find the best fit for the products so your hikes are more fun and enjoyable. Many of our staff guides hike and backpack the Smokies on a regular basis. Their knowledge of the park helps our guests find the best trail for them, from easy to strenuous, and helps keep them safe while they are hiking."
- For more information, visit:
- 1138 Parkway Gatlinburg, TN 37738
- (865) 277-8209
- Nantahala Outdoor Center
The Day Hiker (Gatlinburg)
Located in the heart of downtown Gatlinburg, The Day Hiker is dedicated to gearing hikers up to enjoy the great outdoors in the national park. Carrying a variety of day hiking items, camping novelties, and outdoor gifts, this store is unique and for hikers planning their trip itinerary even before their arrival, The Day Hiker also features an online catalogue and store.
Owner Joseph Guenther, has spent over a decade traversing the different trails in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
The store really strives to help hikers best prepare themselves for or the optimal day hike experience in the Great Smoky Mountain National Park. As he notes, "Before we moved to Gatlinburg, TN the gateway city to Great Smoky Mountains National Park, we were frequent visitors to the park. While hiking the trails we always noticed how unprepared many people were to be out on the trails. Many were hiking on hot days without water, food or snacks or hiking in flip-flops.
In accordance with their mission Joseph and his store The Day Hiker aim to equip visitors o the park with the best gear necessary, especially vacations that are only in the area for a short amount of time, "But we also knew that many of these hikers were on vacation and this would be the only time they would be hiking so why invest any money in expensive gear that would be used one time. That is when we came up with the idea of an inexpensive hiking outfitter where tourists could buy backpacks, water carriers, etc. in the $20 price range. When it was time for me to retire from the Army in the year 2000 we decided to take the idea of owning a shop in our favorite vacation spot and offering inexpensive hiking gear in a shop called "The Day Hiker."
Joseph also offers sage advice for first time hikers in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, "Hiking into the back county of GSMNP should be both exhilarating and meditative, but it should never be dangerous by our own lack of planning with basic provisions. Plan your hike in advance. Don't head up a trail without researching the length and elevation gains. There are plenty of resources available online or park service bookstores and local outfitters."
In addition Joseph advises hikers, "Know your own physical limitations and those of your group. Also learn what to do when encountering wildlife in the park and what to do during adverse weather."
The Day Hiker and it's owner is truly dedicated to helping prepare every visitor to the park have a truly memorable experience. As Joseph concludes, "But most of all disconnect your electronic devices and take in the natural surrounding of the national park to reconnect with the natural world. Studies have shown by doing so increases your creativity and reduces stress...And finally the most important thing is to have fun and to remember, "the journey is the destination."
- For more information visit:
- Contact The Day Hiker at 1-877-DAY-HIKE
- Check out photos, hike details, and more on the "Hike The Smokies" Facebook Group page.
Little River Trading Company (Townsend)
Located in Maryville, Tennessee this outfitter is just up the road from the Townsend side of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. This store was open by two friends, avid hikers in the park, who left the corporate world seeking to do "what they loved." Little River Trading Company was born of a passion and peace found in the outdoors. As their motto declares, "Living the Outdoor Life!"
Little River Trading Company features everything you need to take advantage of the grand natural wonders that lie just beyond the doors of this outfitter. With top of the line clothing, apparel, and gear, this one-stop-shop has everything a potential hikers needs to explore the Great Smoky Mountains. From essential footwear with brands like Solomon, Merrell, Keen, Chaco and Oboz. They also feature a great selection of Osprey day and backcountry packs. On top of any apparel and accessories to great up for the hike.
Opened in the spring of 1996 the Little River Trading Company moved to a newer, bigger location in June of 1999. Curing this move they went into partnership with Tim Patterson to expand their store and add Cycology Bicycles a newly built building directed attached to the store's current location.
Little River Trading Company employs a skillful set of outdoor enthusiasts eager to help guests explore the store and find just what they need. This quality group of local outdoor experts, naturalists, are passionate about the outdoors and committed to customer service. They gladly work with each guest to help select the gear, clothing, apparel that will help them maximize their outdoor experience.
Little River Trading Company is also committed to stewardship, preserving and conserving taking care of the abundant and beautiful natural resources that abound in East Tennessee. This company really puts their money where their mouth is, so customers can not only get excited about the quality products they are purchasing, but feel good about the company it supports and their genuine efforts to lead in responsible ways. Using brown kraft paper reusable gift bags since opening 18 years ago is just one of the ways in which they do this. They also seek to purchase products from Vendors that follow these principles, such as their signature Little River Trading Company T-shirts that are made from 100% recycled material and made in the USA. They also work with community partners such as "Gear for the Good" which helps put used gear in the hands of people who might not be able to afford it, but are bound to make fun and lasting memories with this nice equipment.
- Learn more:
- Visit in person at 2408 E. Lamar Alexander Pkwy. Maryville, TN 37804
- (865) 681-4141
- Check out their events calendar for group and guided hikes in the area: http://www.littlerivertradingco.com/events-trips/calendar/
River Sports Outfitters (Knoxville)
Don't let the name fool you, River Sports Outfitters doesn't just focus on water sports. This independent specialty outdoor outfitters, specializes in everything outdoors. With over 28 years experience owner, Ed McAlister's store features specialized gear, products, apparel and more for: road / trail biking, road / trail running, rock climbing, kayaking / canoeing, and hiking and camping.
River Sports Outfitters carries the best in outdoor industry brands with a focus on these core brands: Vibram FiveFingers, Mountain Hardwear, Montrail, Chaco, Keen, Patagonia, Asolo, Arc'teryx and Marmot.
Not only does River Sports Outfitters have the best product to prepare you for your venture, but they have a slew of experienced and passionate staff. As owner Ed McAlister describes, "Many of our staff have played in the park for 50 years and know most of the neat places to go depending on your abilities."
Customers can shop in person at their Sutherland Avenue location in Knoxville or access their incredible online catalog to pursue gear and brands to order before a hike. This location also has a Climbing Center with rentals at their Sutherland Avenue location. In addition River Sports Outfitters has two seasonal locations open in Knoxville at Ijams Nature Center and at The Cove. These locations feature bike and kayak/canoe rentals.
River Sports Outfitters also does an incredible job of promoting local outdoor events in and around the Knoxville area.
- Learn more:
- 2918 Sutherland Avenue Knoxville, TN 37919
- (865)-523-0066
- River Sports Outfitters
Blue Ridge Mountain Sports (Knoxville)
One of the oldest outdoor gear stores on the east coast, Blue Ridge Mountain Sports started in 1972. The owners of these stores created this company as avid outdoors enthusiasts dedicated to living their dream of promoting everything outside from hiking and camping to kayaking, climbing and more. Today Blue Ridge Mountain Sports has over seven locations. Two of these seven stores are located in Knoxville, just up the road from Gatlinburg. With two locations in East Tennessee this only means added expertise and resources for hikers.
Blue Ridge Mountain Sports offers the best in top outdoor brands such as The North Face, Mountain Hardwear, Keen, PETZL, MSR, and CamelBak, to name a few. In addition Blue Ridge Mountain Sports has an incredible online store featuring copious name brand and top industry products so you can gear up before you even leave on your vacation. With free return shipping and an unprecedented "Happiness Guaranteed" return policy you can't go wrong.
Not only does Blue Ridge Mountain Sports carry a wealth of outdoor gear, apparel and clothing resources for top outdoor brands, but they have a select group of staff dedicated to educating and helping guests on their outdoor journey. As Manager Caroline Haynes describes, "We hold great pride in being an education resource for our customers in addition to a complete outfitter for the outdoors. Our staff informs customers on proper use and care of gear in addition to what's available in and around the Knoxville area for outdoor activities and various outdoor groups."
Blue Ridge Mountain Sports is familiar and adept with preparing hikers for their adventures into the Great Smoky Mountains and Beyond. When asked what some of their top recommended gear for hikers Caroline explains, "Anything that will keep you comfortable and safe on the trail be it apparel or equipment. One of my personal 'must' for the trail is trekking poles. They add to your comfort on the trail by taking a good percentage of impact off your joints and back, they turn you into a four legged creature and give more stability, and help with posture by keeping in a more upright position."
Blue Ridge Mountain Sports is committed to serving as both an education and gear resource to help everyone enjoy the Great Outdoors. They are passionate about helping hikers prepare and gear up for their adventures outside and as Caroline concludes, "[Visitors to our store]... will receive info and gear that gives them confidence on the trail in addition to the local feedback of what's available in and around the Knoxville area."
- For more information visit:
- 4610 Kingston Pike Knoxville, TN 37919 - or - 11537 Kingston Pike Knoxville, TN 37934
- (865)-588-2638 - or - (865)-675-3010
Tips and Essential Gears
Before departing on your selected hike be sure to be well equipped. As these expert hikers concur, being prepared before heading out on any hike in the park is a must. Read these advice and tips as you begin to prepare and gear up for your hike:
As Jeff Doran, hiking guru and author of Hiking in the Smokies advises, "As another tip I would recommend that people bring at least some very basic gear with them. Again, I see people hiking all the time without taking anything at all with them. Every hiker should at least have a map, water and a rain jacket with them. In addition to boots, this is the absolute bare minimum for anyone venturing onto a trail for more than 2 or 3 miles."
Brad Dodson, Smoky Mountain 900 miler, notes: "Be prepared for sudden changes in weather, remember to get low if it starts lightning real hard. Be alert for wildlife and yellow jacket and hornets, the most threatening I find to be yellowjackets and hornets." As Brad continues. Know your limits because there are some really rugged trails out here. It can surprise even an expert hiker, if your are doing a long hike get an early start and always take headlamp, whistle and trail map and power bar."
As Ed McAlister owner of River Mountain Sports cautions, "Remember you are hiking in a wilderness area and many of the trails are remote and few people. Always err on the side of caution as to your abilities and never underestimate the weather. The Smokies are beautiful and peaceful so don't get lured into being complacent and not carry the correct gear."
Finally, as Joseph Guenther requests, "Another thing that we preach is Leave No Trace. Take only pictures, leave only footprints. More info at lnt.org"
Day Hiking Essentials:
Hiking shoe/boots The right hiking shoes and boots not only provide the appropriate foot support for the hike, but they can help in slippery conditions, and keep your feet dry.
As Manager Caroline Haynes advises, "Try on your hiking boots and try on a variety see what is right for your foot. I don't recommend specific brands. It's what works best for the individual."
Ben Lethco Manager of the NOC-Gatlinburg adds, "A good pair of trail shoes is a must for hiking. It provides stability on rough terrain and can keep your feet dry in wet situations. To find the best pair for you, you have to try on different pairs to get the right one."
A pair of non-cotton socks A pair of merino-wool or synthetic socks will keep your feet dry and help prevent blisters.
Ben Lethco Manager of the NOC-Gatlinburg notes, "If there is one item that we do not recommend is a pair of cotton socks. We suggest a sock that is made of merino wool or a synthetic polyester/nylon. We recommend Fits Sock Co. They feel great on the feet and they can help cut down blisters. Plus they are proudly made in Tennessee."
Brad suggests socks made by SmartWool http://www.smartwool.com/
A good backpack is good for caring your supplies
Caroline Haynes adds, "A well fitted and organized backpack that has features to fit your needs on the trail is a must"
Ben also continues, "Daypacks are for carrying your items while hiking. Each pack is made different so fit is important. We recommend packs from Osprey and Deuter. Osprey was a great warranty and most Deuter packs come with a rain cover."
Rain jacket/rain shell
As Ben reminds, "We do recommend that you carry rain gear while hiking. The Smoky Mountains are in a temperate rain forest. That means it rains, especially in the summer. A good waterproof/breathable jacket is great for hiking. Basic waterproof/breathable rain jackets start around $99."
Plenty of water/hydration
As Ben advises, "Water is a must when hiking. We have bottles from Nalgene and Camelbak. Water reservoirs are great as well. They fit in most packs and you stay hydrated more with a reservoir."
Good map
Ben advises, "A definite must have is a map. Plus they can keep you from getting lost. We recommend the Trails of the Smoky Mountains. This book goes into details of all the trails in the park."
Caroline explains, "A headlamp so you can go hands free if you need the light."
As Brad continues, "You always want to be prepared for the dark in case your hike takes longer than you anticipated or you get off trail. Some light source is essential, especially for longer hikes."
Ben concurs, "We do recommend to have a headlamp. Early morning/late afternoon hikes can still can be dark, it is good to carry some light."
Food/energy source Such as trail mix or a power bar like Cliff Bar's or Luna Bar's
For Longer Backcountry Hikes:
- Compass
- Whistle
- Small first aid kit to have in one's pack
- Water filter or means to filter water
- Leave good messages with someone as to where you are going and the time estimated back
- Depending on the season additional clothing items for warmth.
Optional (but highly recommended):
- Trekking poles
- Clothing that wicks sweat and moisture away. As Ben explains, "Wicking Clothes - Just like wicking sock, the clothes can keep you dry and also provide some sun protection. We do recommend a pair of convertible pants."
Also, check out Jeff Doran's comprehensive list of hiking gear on his website: http://www.hikinginthesmokys.com/checklist.htm.
Bear Safety while Hiking:
With one of the highest concentrations of black bears in the Eastern United States, 1,500 bears live in the park (a population density of approximately two bears per square mile.) bears abound in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
Though it's tempting to want to get close and grab that Instagram moment or share your lunch, it's actually the worst thing you can do. Though bears are usually non-aggressive animals, they can cause harm when threatened. As the GMSMP posts on their website,
WARNING: Bears are wild animals that are dangerous and unpredictable. Do not approach bears or allow them to approach you! Do not feed bears!
In fact it's actually illegal to willfully approach a bear, so unless you planned for a mug shot photo opt on your vacation, really think twice before walking towards a bear. If you truly want to enjoy the awe of spotting a bear in the wild the park recommends visitors using binoculars, telephoto lens, or a spotting scope to view the animals, but again they warn visitors to keep their distance.
Though some vacationers don't mind seeing a bear from the safety of their car, most would prefer to avoid a bear encounter while on a hike in the forests of the park.
So if your happen to come upon a black bear on one of your hikes be sure to follow these safety tips:
- Stay watchful, but not approach it.
- Don't run, slowly back away while watching the bear.
- Try to increase the distance between you and the bear.
- If the bear gets closer, talk loudly or shout, sing a song at the top of your lungs
- If bear continues to approach, act aggressively to intimidate the bear.
- Make yourselves look as large as possible, move to higher ground if you have hiking poles raise them high
- If the bear continues to approach, throw non-food objects such as rocks at the bear.
- Don't run and don't turn away from the bear.
- Finally, don't leave food for the bear; this encourages further problems.
- Watch this video for more information on animal and bear safety while hiking:
- http://www.smokiesinformation.org/hike_smokies_challenge_videos/hikethesmokies_2_wildlifesafety.html
Help protect the bears and future hikers by following these guidelines:
- Throw away all garbage or food scraps in bear proof garbage containers or take it with you. (These are located at most all park parking, picnic areas and visitor centers)
- Do not feed wildlife. Feeding a bear guarantees its demise!
- Do not approach within 50 yards or any distance that disturbs a bear.
- Do not allow bears to approach you
- If you see another visitor breaking these rules help the park out by calling (865) 436-1230 or stop at a Visitor Center to report it.
- For information visit:
- http://www.nps.gov/grsm/naturescience/black-bears.htm
Additional Web Resources:
- The Great Smoky Mountains National Park official website http://www.nps.gov/grsm/planyourvisit/hiking.htm
- For up to date information on trail closures and cautions visit: http://www.nps.gov/grsm/planyourvisit/temproadclose.htm
- Jeff Duran's extremely comprehensive and popular hiking website: http://www.hikinginthesmokys.com/difficulty.htm
- Smoky Mountains Hiking Trails App http://smokieshikingtrails.com/


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