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49 U.S. Code § 41705 - Discrimination against handicapped individuals
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(a) In General.— In providing air transportation, an air carrier, including (subject to section 40105 (b)) any foreign air carrier, may not discriminate against an otherwise qualified individual on the following grounds:
(1) the individual has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities.
(b) Each Act Constitutes Separate Offense.— For purposes of section 46301, a separate violation occurs under this section for each individual act of discrimination prohibited by subsection (a).
(c) Investigation of Complaints.—
(2) Publication of data.— The Secretary shall publish disability-related complaint data in a manner comparable to other consumer complaint data.
(3) Review and report.— The Secretary shall regularly review all complaints received by air carriers alleging discrimination on the basis of disability and shall report annually to Congress on the results of such review.
(4) Technical assistance.— Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall—
(A) implement a plan, in consultation with the Department of Justice, the United States Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board, and the National Council on Disability, to provide technical assistance to air carriers and individuals with disabilities in understanding the rights and responsibilities set forth in this section; and
Source(Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e),July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1141; Pub. L. 106–181, title VII, § 707(a),Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat. 158; Pub. L. 108–176, title V, § 503(d)(1),Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2559.)
|Revised Section
|Source (U.S. Code)
|Source (Statutes at Large)
|49 App.:1374(c).
|Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, 72 Stat. 731, § 404(c); added Oct. 2, 1986, Pub. L. 99–435, § 2(a), 100 Stat. 1080.
In this section, before clause (1), the words "on the following grounds" are substituted for "by reason of such handicap" and "For purposes of paragraph (1) of this subsection the term 'handicapped individual' means any individual who" because of the restatement.
References in Text
The date of the enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (c)(4), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 106–181, which was approved Apr. 5, 2000.
2003—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–176substituted "section 46301" for "section 46301 (a)(3)(E)".
2000—Pub. L. 106–181designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, substituted "carrier, including (subject to section 40105 (b)) any foreign air carrier," for "carrier" in introductory provisions, and added subsecs. (b) and (c).
Effective Date of 2003 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 108–176applicable only to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30, 2003, except as otherwise specifically provided, see section 3 ofPub. L. 108–176, set out as a note under section 106 of this title.
Effective Date of 2000 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 106–181applicable only to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30, 1999, see section 3 ofPub. L. 106–181, set out as a note under section 106 of this title.
Establishment of Higher International Standards
Pub. L. 106–181, title VII, § 707(c),Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat. 158, provided that: "The Secretary [of Transportation] shall work with appropriate international organizations and the aviation authorities of other nations to bring about the establishment of higher standards for accommodating handicapped passengers in air transportation, particularly with respect to foreign air carriers that code-share with air carriers."
Restrictions on Air Transportation of Peanuts; Scientific Study on Effect of Airborne Particles on Passengers
Pub. L. 106–69, title III, § 346,Oct. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1023, provided that: "Hereafter, none of the funds made available under this Act or any other Act, may be used to implement, carry out, or enforce any regulation issued under section 41705 of title 49, United States Code, including any regulation contained in part 382 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, or any other provision of law (including any Act of Congress, regulation, or Executive order or any official guidance or correspondence thereto), that requires or encourages an air carrier (as that term is defined in section 40102 of title 49, United States Code) to, on intrastate or interstate air transportation (as those terms are defined in section 40102 of title 49, United States Code)—
"(1) provide a peanut-free buffer zone or any other related peanut-restricted area; or
"(2) restrict the distribution of peanuts,until 90 days after submission to the Congress and the Secretary of a peer-reviewed scientific study that determines that there are severe reactions by passengers to peanuts as a result of contact with very small airborne peanut particles of the kind that passengers might encounter in an aircraft."
Similar provisions were contained in Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, § 101(g) [title III, § 372], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–439, 2681–479.
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Hyracotherium, placed at the beginning of the so-called horse series, was originally identified by Richard Owen, an anti-Darwinist. But later paleontologists sought to conform this creature to evolution.
Once Upon A Time There Was Darwinism
Once, There Was the "Horse Series" Scenario
When Darwin was proposing his theory, there were no intermediate forms to support it, but he hoped that some would be discovered in the future. To remedy this vital deficiency, paleontologists who believed in Darwinism put together a set of horse fossils found in North America to form a sequence. Despite the fact that there appeared to be no intermediate forms in the fossil record, the Darwinists thought that they had come up with a great success.
One of the most important pieces of this sequence had already been discovered before Darwinism. In 1841, the English paleontologist Sir Richard Owen found a fossil belonging to a small mammal and, inspired by its similarity to the hyrax, a small fox-like creature found in Africa, he called it Hyracotherium. The hyrax's skeleton was almost identical to Owen's finding, except for its skull and the tail.
As they did with other fossils, paleontologists who adopted Darwinism began to evaluate Hyracotherium from an evolutionist point of view. In 1874, the Russian paleontologist Vladimir Kovalevsky tried to establish a relationship between Hyracotherium and horses. In 1879, two well-known evolutionists of the time carried this enterprise further and compiled the horse series which was to remain on the Darwinist agenda for years to come. The American paleontologist Othniel Charles Marsh, together with Thomas Huxley (known as Darwin's bulldog), devised a chart by arranging some hoofed fossils according to tooth structure and the number of toes in foreleg and hind leg. In the process, to stress the idea of evolution, Owen's Hyracotherium was renamed eohippus which means "dawn horse." Their claims together with their charts were published in the American Journal of Science and laid the foundation of the sequence that would be displayed for years in museums and textbooks as supposed proof of the evolution of today's horse.122 Some of the genera displayed as the stages of this sequence included Eohippus, Orohippus, Miohippus, Hipparion and finally the modern-day horse, Equus.
In the next century, this sequence was taken to be proof for the so-called evolution of the horse. The decrease in the number of toes and the animal's gradual increase in size were enough to convince evolutionists, who for some decades hoped to assemble similar fossil sequences for other creatures. But their hopes were never fulfilled: They were never able to assemble a sequence for other creatures, as they supposedly had for the horse.
Moreover, some contradictions became evident, with the attempt to insert newly-excavated fossils into the horse series. Characteristics of the new finds—where they were discovered, their age, the number of toes—were incompatible with the sequence and began to undo it. They were inconsistent with the horse series and turned it into a meaningless assortment of fossils.
Gordon Rattray Taylor, former chief science advisor to BBC Television described the situation:
He openly admitted that the horse series was based on no proof. Heribert Nilsson, another researcher, made the same statement, writing that the horse series was "very artificial":
Today, even many evolutionists reject the thesis that horses went through a gradual evolution. In November, 1980, a four-day symposium was held at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago attended by 150 evolutionists. It dealt with the problems associated with the theory of a gradual evolution. A speaker, the evolutionist Boyce Rensberger, told that there was no proof in the fossil record for the scenario of the gradual evolution of the horse, and that there never was any such process:
The popularly told example of horse evolution, suggesting a gradual sequence of changes from four-toed, or fox-like creatures, living nearly 50 million years ago, to today's much larger one-toe horse, has long been known to be wrong. Instead of gradual change, fossils of each intermediate species appear fully distinct, persist unchanged, and then become extinct. Transitional forms are unknown.125
From the statements of Taylor, Nilsson and Rensberger, we can understand that there is no scientific support for the supposed evolution of horses, and that the sequence is full of contradictions. So, if there is no proof for the horse series, what is it based on? The answer is evident: As with all other Darwinist scenarios, the horse series is imaginary; evolutionists assembled some fossils according to their own preconceptions and gave the public the impression that the creatures had evolved from one another.
Marsh can be called the architect of the horse series, and there is no doubt that he played a role on creating this impression. Almost a century later, Marsh's "technique" was described by the evolutionist Robert Milner, who said that "Marsh arranged his fossils to 'lead up' to the one surviving species, blithely ignoring many inconsistencies and any contradictory evidence."126
In short, Marsh created a scenario of his own and later assembled the fossils according to it as if arranging screwdrivers in his toolbox according to their size. But contrary to expectations, the new fossils upset Marsh's scenario. The ecologist Garret Hardin says:
The fossils could not be arranged to show a gradual evolution, such as Darwin had envisioned. The evolutionist, Francis Hitching, explains:
Today, the horse series gives evolutionists nothing to hope for. It has been discovered that horses lived at the same time as their supposed ancestors and even side by side with them, and so evidently there is no way to establish an ancestral lineage among them. Besides, many characteristics discovered in the tooth and bone structure of horses invalidate this sequence. All this points to one evident fact: There was never any evolutionary relationship among these sequenced creatures. As with all others, these genera in their fossil layers appeared all at once. Despite all their efforts, evolutionists have not been able to demonstrate transitional characteristics among these genera, and it's worth a closer look at the horse series that Darwinists once defended so intently.
Inconsistency and Admissions by Evolutionists
Contrary to the evolutionist scenario displayed in museums and textbooks, the horse series is inconsistent in terms of various criteria. First of all, evolutionists have not been able to establish any connection between Eohippus (or Hyracotherium), which they claim begins the sequence, and condylarths, supposedly the ancestors of ungulates.129
In addition, there are inconsistencies within the horse series. Some of the creatures included in the sequence are proven to have lived at the same time as one another. In January, 1981, National Geographic published the surprising report that researchers in Nebraska, USA came across thousands of 10-million-year-old fossils that had been preserved after a sudden volcanic eruption. This news dealt a severe blow to the scenario of horse evolution, because the published photographs of these fossils showed both three-toed and one-toed horses,130 refuting the claim that genera in the horse series evolved from one another. These creatures, claimed to have an ancestral connection, actually lived at the same time and in the same place, and demonstrated no transitional characteristics that could prove evolution. This discovery demonstrated that the evolutionist propaganda of the horse series, long disseminated in museums and textbooks, was completely imaginary and assembled on the basis of preconceptions.
A greater inconsistency committed in the name of Darwinism was Mesohippus and its supposed ancestors. Jonathan Wells, noted for his criticism of Darwinism in his Icons of Evolution, writes that although Miohippus actually appeared in the fossil record before Mesohippus, it persists after it.131
Interestingly, O.C. Marsh himself mentioned the existence of three-toed horses living in southwestern America at that time and that in this respect, they resembled the extinct Protohippus.132 The inconsistency of the horse series lies not only in the fact that a genera existed in the same time and place as the so-called "ancestor" from which it claimed linear descent. No isolated area of the world can be taken by itself as evidence that horses came to be through an evolutionary process. Evolutionists have assembled fragments of fossils from different continents according to their preconceptions and used to corroborate their claims. However, this methodology does not accord with objective science.
While assembling the horse series, evolutionists relied on the fossils' number of toes and the size and structure of the teeth—but this procedure turned against them. In arranging their sequence, they claimed that the horse's supposed ancestors went from feeding on bushes to feeding on grass, and that their teeth evolved accordingly. But from studies made on 5-million-year-old teeth belonging to six different species of horses, Bruce MacFadden demonstrated that these creatures' teeth did not really undergo any change.133
On the other hand, an up-and-down variation can be seen in the number of ribs and lumbar vertebrae in the sequence, which is the exact opposite of what evolution would predict. For example, in the supposed evolutionary horse series, the number of ribs increased from 15 to 19, and later decreased to 18. In the so-called ancestors, the number of lumbar vertebrae went from six to eight, then back to six. These structures have a critical influence on these animals' movement and even their lives. Logically, a species whose vital structures undergo random variations clearly cannot perpetuate itself.
A final inconsistency in the horse series is the evolutionist assumption that an observed increase in a creature's size represents evolutionary "progress." Looking at the size of modern-day horses, we can see that this makes no sense. The largest modern-day horse is the Clydesdale, and the smallest is the Fallabella, only 43 centimeters high.134 Despite the large variations in size in today's horses, evolutionists' past attempts to sequence horses according to their size was foolish indeed.
In short, the whole horse series is clearly an evolutionist myth based on prejudice. It has been left to the evolutionist paleontologists—the silent witnesses of Darwinism's collapse—to make this known. Since Darwin's time, they have known that there were no fossil layers of intermediate forms. In 2001, Ernst Mayr said, "Nothing has more impressed the paleontologists than the discontinuous nature of the fossil record," 135 expressing the longstanding disappointment among paleontologists that the countless intermediate forms that Darwin envisioned have never been found.
Perhaps for this reason, paleontologists have been speaking for decades about the invalidity of the horse series, even though other evolutionists continue to defend it avidly. In 1979, for example, David Raup said that the horse series was totally meaningless and invalid:
About 20 years ago, an evolutionist paleontologist Dr. Niles Eldredge from one of the world's most famous museums, the American Museum of Natural History, confessed that evolutionist claims about the horse series diagrams displayed in his own museum were imaginary. Eldredge criticized assertions that this speculative series was valid enough to be included in textbooks.
I admit that an awful lot of that has gotten into the textbooks as though it were true. For instance, the most famous example still on exhibit downstairs is the exhibit on horse evolution prepared perhaps 50 years ago. That has been presented as literal truth in textbook after textbook. Now I think that is lamentable, particularly because the people who propose these kinds of stories themselves may be aware of the speculative nature of some of the stuff. 137
Claims of Vestigiality in a Horse's Legs and the Facts
Evolutionists aver that the number of horse's toes decreased over time, basing this claim on splint bones found in modern-day horses' forelegs. In the so-called process of evolution, they say, horses' three toes receded to form the splint bones. However, splint bones are not the useless vestiges that evolutionists claim them to be. They strengthen the leg for running and are known to play a role in reducing the stress caused by galloping. They provide attachment points for various muscles. Also, they form a protective groove housing the suspensory ligament, a vital elastic brace that supports the animal's weight as it moves.138
A horse's leg is evidence of Creation. Pierre-Paul Grassé explains the characteristics of a horse's hoof in technical language, then goes on to show that this continuity could not have been brought about by any random process. The excellence of the structure in the leg joints, its pressure-absorbing cushions, its lubricating liquid to facilitate movement, its ligaments and structure are all amazing:
Grassé's statements clearly show the perfect structure of a horse's leg. Even more is known today about it, as a recent study reveals.
1- A Shetland pony, the smallest British horse breed.
In a 2002 study, researchers from the University of Florida discovered that one particular bone in a horse's leg (the third metacarpus bone) had unique properties. As revealed by this study, there was a hole, the size of a pea through which blood vessels could enter, on one side of the bone. Naturally holes cause weaknessess. In laboratory stress tests, however, contrary to ordinary expectations, the bone didn't break near the hole. Further analysis showed that the bone was arranged in such a way as to push stress into a stronger region, preventing the horse's leg from breaking at that point. This structure attracted so many admirers that NASA financed Andrew Rapoff, an assistant professor of aerospace and mechanical engineering, to imitate it in the aircrafts near the holes for wiring.140
The structure of a horse's leg surpasses the inventiveness of engineers trained in the most advanced technology; and is now mimicked by the aircraft industry. As Grassé pointed out, such special structures cannot be explained in terms of random occurrences. Plainly, the horse's leg has superior characteristics that cannot come into being by coincidence; that is, horses came into being with all their characteristics by God's superior Creation. In conclusion, the horse series presented as fact in the 20th-century evolutionist literature has been discredited. Horses show no evidence of evolution, but their complex anatomy is an important example of the fact of Creation.
So, Darwinism's myth of horse evolution, like its other myths, has been discredited.
123- 0. C. Marsh, "Recent Polydactyle Horses", American Journal of Science 43, 1892, ss. 339-354
124- Gordon Rattray Taylor, "The Great Evolution Mystery" New York, Harper & Row, 1983, sf. 230
125- Heribert Nilsson, Synthetische Artbildung Lund, Sweden: Vertag CWE Gleenrup, 1954, ss. 551-552
126- Boyce Rensberger, Houston Chronicle, 5 Kasım 1980, Bölüm 4, s. 15.
127- Milner, The Encyclopedia of Evolution, 1993, s. 222
128- Garret Hardin, Nature and Man's Fate, (New York, Mentor, 1961), ss. 225-226.
129- Francis Hitching, The Neck of the Giraffe-Where Darwin Went Wrong, NY: Ticknor and Fields, 1982, ss. 16-17, 19, 28-30
130- Kofahl, R.E., Handy Dandy Evolution Refuter, Beta Books, San Diego, California, 1997, s.159
131- Voorhies M.R., "Ancient Ashfall Creates a Pompei of Prehistoric Animals," National Geographic, Vol. 159, No. 1, January 1981, ss.67-68,74 ; "Horse Find Defies Evolution" Creation Ex Nihilo 5(3):15, January 1983, http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs/3723.asp
132- Jonathan Wells, "Icons of Evolution: Science or Myth? Why much of what we teach about evolution is wrong", s.199; Royal Truman, "A review of Icons of Evolution" www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/magazines/tj/docs/tj_v15n2_icons_review.asp
133- O.C. Marsh, 'Recent polydactyle horses,' American Journal of Science, 43:339–354, 1892.
134- Bruce J. MacFadden et al., Ancient diets, ecology, and extinction of 5-million-year-old horses from Florida, Science 283(5403):824–827, 5 February 1999.
135- Horse and horsemanship,' Encyclopædia Britannica, 20:646655, 15th ed. 1992
136- Ernst Mayr, What Evolution Is, New York: Basic Books, s. 163
137- D.M. Raup, 'Conflicts between Darwin and paleontology,' Field Museum of Natural History Bulletin 50:22, 1979
138- Sunderland L.D., Darwin's Enigma, 1988, s.78
139- J. Bergman and G. Howe, 'Vestigial Organs' Are Fully Functional Creation Research Society Books, Kansas City, s.77, 1990;
140- Paul-Pierre Grasse., Evolution of Living Organisms, s. 51-52
141- Florida Üniversitesi: "From the Bone of a Horse, a New Idea for Aircraft Structures, 2 Aralık 2002, http://www.napa.ufl.edu/2002news/horsebone.htm ; "Uzay ve Havacılık Mühendisleri Atın Kemik Tasarımını Taklit Ediyor" http://www.harunyahya.net/V2/Lang/tr/Pg/WorkDetail/Number/969

subset: commoncrawl


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opponent gave up turn 13 did not work for me
I wonder if the system counts fm cards
Also won another game the normal way at turn 13 did not work again.
Does underdog work for anyone?
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Wednesday, March 20, 2013
Five months ago, Paine officially made waves, announcing they're bringing a college football team to Augusta for the first time in fifty years.
Wednesday was arguably the most important step in that process, the announcement of a head coach.
Greg Ruffin's the guy charged with bringing the football dream to life on the field, and it's not the first time.
Back in 2002, ruffin resurrected the Shaw College program, and that experience was huge in the decision to bring him in.
It made him more desirable for this situation and made the new coach more comfortable with what he's getting himself into.
"When I came in to interview, I had something to compare it to you know, having done it before," Ruffin said. "I was able to compare what happened twelve years ago, I was able to compare the campuses and I was able to compare the surrounding area. It's great to be the only show in town, so that made it right for me."
One of the keys for success will be getting people in the stadium. Ruffin plans to do that by effectively handling two tasks at once.
First, he wants to recruit largely within the CSRA, taking all the top talent from nearby. And with that comes friends and family to fill the seats.
Ruffin said, "We've got to be able to draw a line in the sand and convince kids, 'Hey, there's nothing wrong with being home. Your people can get a chance to see you play, and you can help something move forward."
Athletic Director Tim Duncan added, "This area is just so fruitful with potential student athletes, particularly in football, especially with the success of a Laney High, Burke County, Thomson and all the other schools in this area. It gives us an opportunity to give them an opportunity to come here and play in front of their friends and family."
With a football coach on hand now, let's take a look back at the Paine football timeline.
The Lions last played a football game in the fall of 1962, then Duncan started the process of resurrection.
The program was officially added in October, 2012, nine months after a feasibility study was announced. Now, five months later, the team has a coach.
They will play against club teams this coming fall before playing an official Division II schedule in 2014.
Have information or an opinion about this story? Click here to contact the newsroom.
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49 U.S. Code § 44938 - Reports
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(a) Transportation Security.— Not later than March 31 of each year, the Secretary of Transportation shall submit to Congress a report on transportation security with recommendations the Secretary considers appropriate. The report shall be prepared in conjunction with the biennial report the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security submits under subsection (b) of this section in each year the Under Secretary submits the biennial report, but may not duplicate the information submitted under subsection (b) orsection 44907 (a)(3) of this title. The Secretary may submit the report in classified and unclassified parts. The report shall include—
(1) an assessment of trends and developments in terrorist activities, methods, and other threats to transportation;
(3) recommendations for research, engineering, and development activities related to transportation security, except research engineering and development activities related to aviation security to the extent those activities are covered by the national aviation research plan required under section 44501 (c) of this title;
(4) identification and evaluation of cooperative efforts with other departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the United States Government;
(6) the status of the extent to which the recommendations of the President's Commission on Aviation Security and Terrorism have been carried out and the reasons for any delay in carrying out those recommendations;
(7) a summary of the activities of the Director of Intelligence and Security in the 12-month period ending on the date of the report;
(9) an assessment of financial and staffing requirements, and attainment of existing staffing goals, for carrying out duties and powers of the Under Secretary related to security; and
(b) Screening and Foreign Air Carrier and Airport Security.— The Under Secretary shall submit biennially to Congress a report—
(1) on the effectiveness of procedures under section 44901 of this title;
(2) that includes a summary of the assessments conducted under section 44907 (a)(1) and (2) of this title; and
(3) that includes an assessment of the steps being taken, and the progress being made, in ensuring compliance with section 44906 of this title for each foreign air carrier security program at airports outside the United States—
(A) at which the Under Secretary decides that Foreign Security Liaison Officers are necessary for air transportation security; and
Source(Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e),July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1220; Pub. L. 103–305, title V, § 502,Aug. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 1595; Pub. L. 105–362, title XV, § 1502(b),Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3295; Pub. L. 107–71, title I, § 101(f)(7), (9),Nov. 19, 2001, 115 Stat. 603.)
|Revised Section
|Source (U.S. Code)
|Source (Statutes at Large)
|49 App.:1356(b).
|Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, 72 Stat. 731, § 315(b); added Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–604, § 102(a), 104 Stat. 3068.
|44938(b)(1), (2)
|49 App.:1356(a) (3d sentence 1st–18th words, last sentence).
|Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, 72 Stat. 731, § 315(a) (3d sentence 1st–18th words, last sentence); added Aug. 5, 1974, Pub. L. 93–366, § 202, 88 Stat. 415; Aug. 8, 1985, Pub. L. 99–83, § 551(b)(1), 99 Stat. 225; Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–604, § 102(b), 104 Stat. 3069.
|49 App.:1357(k)(4).
|Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, 72 Stat. 731, § 316(k)(4); added Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–604, § 105(a), 104 Stat. 3074.
|49 App.:1357 (note).
|Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–604, § 106(d), 104 Stat. 3075.
In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words "each year" are substituted for "of calendar year 1991 and of each calendar year thereafter" to eliminate unnecessary words. In clauses (8) and (9), the word "financial" is substituted for "funding" for clarity and consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.
In subsection (b)(1), the word "screening" is omitted as surplus.
In subsection (b)(2), the words "a summary of the assessments conducted under section 44907 (a)(1) and (2) of this title" are substituted for "the information described in section 1515(c) of this Appendix" for clarity.
In subsection (b)(3), before clause (A), the words "that includes" are substituted for "The Administrator shall submit to Congress as part of the annual report required by section 315(a)" because of the restatement.
2001—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–71, § 101(f)(7), (9), in introductory provisions, substituted "Under Secretary" for "Administrator" in two places and "of Transportation for Security" for "of the Federal Aviation Administration".
Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 107–71, § 101(f)(7), substituted "Under Secretary" for "Administrator".
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–71, § 101(f)(7), substituted "Under Secretary" for "Administrator" in introductory provisions and par. (3)(A).
1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–362, § 1502(b)(1), in second sentence of introductory provisions, substituted "biennial report" for "annual report" and inserted "in each year the Administrator submits the biennial report" after "subsection (b) of this section".
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–362, § 1502(b)(2), substituted "biennially" for "annually" in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–362, § 1502(b)(3), struck out heading and text of subsec. (c). Text read as follows: "The Administrator shall submit to Congress an annual report for each of the calendar years 1991 and 1992 on the progress being made, and the problems occurring, in carrying out section 44904 of this title. The report shall include recommendations for improving domestic air transportation security."
1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–305substituted "March 31" for "December 31".
Termination of Reporting Requirements
For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions of law requiring submittal to Congress of any annual, semiannual, or other regular periodic report listed in House Document No. 103–7 (in which the 8th item on page 132 and the 11th item on page 138 identify reporting provisions which, as subsequently amended, are contained, respectively, in subsecs. (a) and (b)(1), (2) of this section), see section 3003 ofPub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance.
Transfer of Functions
For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the Transportation Security Administration of the Department of Transportation, including the functions of the Secretary of Transportation, and of the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security, relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 203 (2), 551 (d), 552 (d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.
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A man was allegedly caught red-handed stealing items from a vehicle and a garage early Thursday morning.
The suspect, identified as 39-year-old Dylan Given, claimed he was just hiding in the garage to keep warm, but police say he was carrying stolen items.
Police were first alerted by a homeowner on 1100 Kingsley, near Chelton and Galley in Colorado Springs, that lights in his detached garage were being turned on and off in the middle of the night.
Officers say they found Given inside the garage. Items from the homeowner's car and garage were found in his pockets.
Given was arrested on charges of second-degree burglary, first-degree criminal trespass and theft.
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| User:Shock Dragoon
Hello Shock Dragoon, greetings and welcome to the Narutopedia! Thanks for your edit to the Naruto Uzumaki page.
We do hope that you will stay for a long time. Enjoy your stay as we work to become the best Naruto info site out there. BELIEVE IT!
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Please leave a message on my talk page if I can help with anything! -- Dantman (talk) 02:26, March 19, 2009
Image deletion: PainandKonan.jpg
Shock Dragoon, the image PainandKonan.jpg which you uploaded has been deleted. We suggest you look over our image policy before you upload another image to make sure you aren't breaking any part of the policy. ShounenSuki (talk | contribs) 10:52, February 2, 2010 (UTC)
Re: Telicons
No idea on how to make them, I think you just need to make the image (presumably as svg, not sure of that), and them apply it to the telicon template, but in itself the Hyuga icon isn't wrong, the symbol is seen on the Hyuga compound a couple times in Hyuga relevant moments, not sure of the episodes, you might want to ask the person who made the current icon, probably the same person who uploaded the image. Omnibender - Talk - Contributions 23:42, 4 May 2009 (UTC)
Re: Hyuga Titleicon
I thought about using a Taijitu as the Hyūga's symbol, but I decided against it. I checked almost every instance of the manga and databooks that has Hyūga members, but the Taijitu is only shown in two settings. Once to show the contrast between Neji and Hinata and when the Eight Trigrams Sixty-Four Palms, since it is connected to the Eight Trigrams. It has never been used in any way that could be interpreted as symbolising the Hyūga clan. That's the same reason I decided against using the flame-like symbol on Hinata's part 1 jacket.
The symbol right now (calligraphy of the kanji for Hyūga) is straight from a sign that hangs above the Hyūga residence. It is the closest thing I could find to an actual family Mon. --ShounenSuki (talk | contribs) 00:42, 5 May 2009 (UTC)
- About the Rinnegan: It's quite difficult to figure our what colour to use. It usually ranges from grey to purplish-grey, but the latest volume covers have it being white. However, I do agree that the Rinnegan image as it is now could be improved. I'll see what I can do ^^
- About Tailed Beasts/Jinchūriki title icons: It's quite easy to set up. Making the actual images would probably be the most time-consuming and difficult part. I could help you, of course, but I question the use of these icons. If I'm not mistaken, Dantman is planning on stopping the use of title icons once the new infoboxes are brought in use. Perhaps you should get his opinion on this. --ShounenSuki (talk | contribs) 13:17, 5 May 2009 (UTC)
RE:My Edits
I reverted the edits because I have yet to see an spoken proof that talk about Hinata's bust size. Visual representation for this is relative. Provide proof of a character talking about this aspect of Hinata and I'll agree it belongs in her appearance description.
¥ Super Novice ↔ Talk 2 Me ¥ 17:54, April 5, 2010 (UTC)
- Understandable. I removed that comment from Hotaru's page. Which picture?
¥Super Novice ↔ Talk 2 Me ¥18:13, April 5, 2010 (UTC)
- Ignoring my personal distaste. The only problem with that image is that the Wiki prefers RAW images but if that can't be provided remove any and all text from the image as translations change depending on who is translating/scanlating them. Read the Image policy for more information.
¥Super Novice ↔ Talk 2 Me ¥18:35, April 5, 2010 (UTC)
- If you want to know about admin things then it's best to ask Dantman as he's the Boss around here. A word of note though is that he usually doesn't give power to those who ask.
¥Super Novice ↔ Talk 2 Me ¥19:14, April 5, 2010 (UTC)
- If you want to know about admin things then it's best to ask Dantman as he's the Boss around here. A word of note though is that he usually doesn't give power to those who ask.
- Ignoring my personal distaste. The only problem with that image is that the Wiki prefers RAW images but if that can't be provided remove any and all text from the image as translations change depending on who is translating/scanlating them. Read the Image policy for more information.
Re: Sasuke EMS
Meh, it's simply the exact same design, only rotated 180°. —ShounenSuki (talk | contribs | translations) 15:29, August 31, 2011 (UTC)
Immature brat?
You call me an immature brat, and I call myself deleting the unnecessary things and an anti-pervertism. When her 'curvaceous frame' is mentioned several times in the canon, gimme a call. --X29 02:53, November 14, 2012 (UTC)
- Give me a call when you can say "Breasts" without ".......breasts". End of line
--Shock Dragoon (talk) 03:11, November 14, 2012 (UTC)
- I have my own morals, unlike some people. --X29 03:19, November 14, 2012 (UTC)
Re: X29
If that's your view on it, fair enough, but as much as I disagree with removing every reference to a characters physique for it's sexual connotation, I also don't believe we need to stress those sort of details. I just want people to get over this thing so we can all go back to editing things that actually need it instead of fighting between PC gone mad vs. XXX ratings. --Hawkeye2701 (talk) 21:46, November 19, 2012 (UTC)
- Could you please next time reply to me in the same section instead of opening a new one? --X29 02:58, November 20, 2012 (UTC)
Oh, I'm annoying, Shock Dragon? For removing perverted edits, you call me annoying? Thank you very much. --X29 12:02, November 20, 2012 (UTC)
- No your annoying because after everyone came to an agreement on the talk page you had to go ahead and go against the agreement that Ultimate did. THAT's why I'm mad at you, it's like everyone has to undo everything they do to make you feel better even after everyone was happy with the change. It's got NOTHING to do with your views. END of discussion, no further reply from either party after this point. But to answer your question about Hinata previously. Within the last year with the movie 6, there was at least three times mention of her figure in the manga prequel and like 4 times in the movie itself. --Shock Dragoon (talk) 13:36, November 20, 2012 (UTC)
- You really think I'd do all that when I heard of an agreement and/or knowing it's been mentioned? Either way, the movie isn't canon, even if Kishimoto joined into developing it. When he says it was (not necessary that it's literal), fine by me. Otherwise........ ya know. And I read the manga prequel, and only her...... breasts were mentioned. Once. --X29 13:46, November 20, 2012 (UTC)
- Actually, with no blasting on you the movie prequel had Hinata, Sakura, and INO (the "Wow, Hinata, you're HUGE!!!" line) I believe (could have been Tenten but I doubt it) mention her figure, so that is three..I'll be generous to you, two at least --Shock Dragoon (talk) 14:12, November 20, 2012 (UTC)


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text:
While on their way to Ecruteak City Ash and the gamg encounter a trainer whose Tauros is out of control. When Ash tires to stop it with his Bulbasaur an old man is impressed with his skill. He introduces himself as Kenzo and takes him to his dojo. There they meet Chigusa, his granddaughter, who only focuses on her moves rather than power, which Kenzo sees as ridiculous. He then announces that Ash will be the new Shihan of the dojo, but Chigusa won't take that lying down. Then a challenger named Shiro challenges Kenzo but Chigusa takes his place. After an interruption by Team Rocket, Shiro decides to postpone the battle until tomorrow. Can Chigusa be able to see the flaw in her battle style? And will she be able to prove to her gandfather she is worthy of being Shihan?
Pokémon Debuts
- Misty: "Why did all those trainers bow to you?"
Kenzo: "Because I am the Shihan of this dojo."
Ash: "Shihan? I think I had that once in a chinese restaurant."
Everyone but Ash falls over.
Brock: "Don't you know anything?! A Shihan is the master teacher in a dojo."
Ash: "I thought it was chicken in a garlic sauce."
Kenzo: "You're confusing me with General Tso."
- "All right, if you want to be the one to take over here... You're gonna have to beat the two of us first!"
- "I guess we're both a little rusty."
Kenzo after he and his Machoke throw out their backs.
- Kenzo: "You need training!"
Chigusa backs off.
Chigusa: "What kind of training?"
- The dub title was quite accurate about this episode: The "Two Hits" being Hitmonlee and Hitmontop and the "Miss" being Chigusa.
- The Tauros' trainer was voiced by Marc Thompson.
|This article is an anime stub.
Please help the Pokémon Wiki by expanding it.
| This article has an incomplete plot or synopsis.
Reason: N/A
Please help the Pokémon Wiki by expanding it.


text:
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Magic mirror on the wall, who is the fairest one of all? You won't be surprised when the magic mirror says that your little princess is the prettiest in all the land when she's wearing this Girl's Snow White Sparkle Costume, officially licensed by Disney. This costume is a one piece dress with a blue top featuring golden embellishments, big puffed sleeves with red and blue stripes, and a high white collar. The bottom part of the dress is a vivid yellow dress adorned with a glittering gold vine and flower pattern and hemmed with a sparkly yellow tulle. Add on a pretty pair of princess shoes and your girl will be ready to meet the Seven Dwarfs! This dress looks great on Halloween and for Disney themed parties.
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The Quincy Dodgers hammered the Tallahassee Knights 22-7 in a road game Sunday.
Pitcher Donnell Brown benefited from the onslaught and he also added to it.
Brown not only got the win but he collected three hits, including a home run.
Randy Rodriquez also had three hits and Marcus Easland, Kevin Seymore, Brian Elkins and Danny Young had two hits each.
The Dodgers lifted their record to 5-1 with the win. The will host the Concord Warriors this Sunday a 3 pm.
Renowned vocalist Pam Laws will perform at the Sara May Love Gallery at the Gadsden Arts Center in Quincy May 14. The evening will begin with a wine and cheese reception at 7 p.m., followed by the concert, and end with dessert and coffee.
Tickets for the event are $37 each or two fro $70. Call 875-4866 to make your reservations or stop by the center at 13 N. Madison St.
Proceeds will benefit the center's after school and summer education programs.
• First Baptist Church in Quincy holds Sunday School each week at 9:45 a.m., followed by worship at 10:55. Sunday evening worship begins at 6 p.m. Sunday morning worship services are broadcast on Sunday events at 6 p.m. on 93.3 FM.
• Church services at Mt. Pilgrim Primitive Baptist Church are held the first, second and fourth Sundays at 11 a.m., and at 8 a.m. on the third Sunday of each month. Church school begins at 9:45 a.m. each Sunday morning.
Joyce Starkweather of Tampa, daughter of the late Mr. and Mrs. Meredith Rose, and Lowell A. Drake of Colquitt, Ga., son of the late Mr. and Mrs. Lee Drake, will be united in marriage May 15 at the First Church of the Nazarene in Tampa.
After a honeymoon in Denver, Colo., the couple will make their home in Tampa.
Drake is a former resident of Havana.
Harvey and Jeanette Clark Sweeney's family farm, part of which has been in their family for five generations, was named Tree Farm of the Year for Region II of the state of Florida.
There are two businesses that have in the past 18 months closed their offices here that I really miss. Well, I don't really miss the businesses because they're still here, but I miss going in to pay my bill.
The telephone office has been closed over a year and I still can't remember to pay my bill. When I get the statement in the mail, instead of paying it immediately, I procrastinate. In the old days when payment was due all I had to do was jump in the car and get to the telephone company before closing.
The Florida Department has released the following questions and answers on swine flu.
Is there swine flu in Florida?
At this time, there are no confirmed cases in Florida. (4.28.09)
What is Florida doing to protect me from swine flu?
We have epidemiologist or "disease detectives" at the County Health Departments and in Tallahassee. There is a detailed plan in place to respond to influenza outbreaks. Florida has a strong system to identify potential influenza cases.
Fourth grade students in Gadsden County rejoice: You are once again No. 1 in the Big Bend.
Gadsden County's fourth graders earned the highest writing scores in the Big Bend area for the second year in a row on the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test, and more than half of the county's schools posted record highs. The students were also ranked fifth highest in the state.
"Again, our entire community has something we can be very proud of," said Gadsden County Schools Superintendent Reginald James.
Gadsden County School Board members unanimously voted to implement the general fund recommendations as presented by Superintendent Reginald James during last week's board meeting.
The list did not include any school closings, as had been previously discussed during board workshops.
The recommendations were, along with the amount of savings to the general fund:
• Eliminate 20 positions to maximize class size and cut costs (savings of $800,000)
• Remove behavior specialist positions from general fund (savings of $283,000)
Florida has five confirmed cases of swine flu, according to a press release received today from the Florida Department of Health. Two cases are confirmed in Lee County, one in Broward, one in Orange and one in Pinellas.
The cases termed "probable" in Alachua, Lee, Indian River, Okeechobee and Clay counties, as well as two cases in Palm Beach and three in Miami-Dade, are still in the process of being confirmed.
Copyright © 2016
The Gadsden County Times is your source for local news, sports, events and information in Gadsden County and Quincy, FL, and the surrounding area.


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SILVER SPRING, Md. (WUSA) -- Robert Abba Ofoeme of Silver Spring is charged with conspiracy and solicitation to commit first and second degree murder in the death of 20-year-old Salaam Adams of Durham, NC.
Police say he was arrested on Thursday in Washington, DC and is awaiting extradition to Prince George's County, Md.
Earlier, Brandon Anthony Battle was arrested and charged with first and second degree murder in Adams' death.
Adams was found in Oxon Run Park suffering from a gunshot wound on Feb. 4 and pronounced dead on the scene.


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Koolatron Dynamo "Wind-up" Emergency Power Station
|Eligible for Free Shipping on Orders $39 or More! (see promotion details)
|Members of The League get 5% back when you spend $100! (see promotion details)
Product Details
The Koolatron® Dynamo "Wind-Up" emergency power station has a unique wind-up feature that allows you to generate power anywhere without a power source. It can jump start a battery and includes an AM/FM radio, a fashlight, an emergency blinking light, a loud siren, a power level indicator, and an accessory storage tray.
- Jump start a battery
- Power electronics
- AM/FM radio
- Flashlight
- Emergency blinking light
- Loud siren
- Power level indicator
- Accessory storage tray
Product Recommendations
Product Reviews
Reviewed by 2 customers
Sort by
- Amfm radio works
- Dim
- Hand crank is ridiculous
- No Beam Adjustment
Best Uses
Comments about Koolatron Dynamo "Wind-up" Emergency Power Station:
Paying [$] for this thing is a rip off. The light is dim, there is no antenna for the radio, the "dynamo" crank is a joke because it takes 30 minutes of winding for 15 minutes of LIGHT ONLY, and I have serious doubts as to if this thing will actually jump start a car using the cigarette lighter. If this was $20 I'd give it 3 stars for being an interesting novelty with limited use, but [$] is WAY too much for this hunk of junk. If you like wasting money then I suggest you buy it. If not, steer clear and invest in something with more positive reviews (not just 1 positive, which there was when I purchased this).
- Was this a gift?:
- No
- Adjustable Beam
- Bright
- Durable
- Long battery life
- Spare Bulb
- Stable
- Bulky
Best Uses
Comments about Koolatron Dynamo "Wind-up" Emergency Power Station:
I purchased this item in case of emergency power outages and so far, haven't had to use it but am glad I have it just in case.


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text:
Swanstone CH02237.123
Acorn Chesapeake One Piece Vanity Top and Sink 37" Wide
Item # BCI1145144 | Model # CH02237.123 | Chesapeake Collection
Questions about Swanstone CH02237.123?
Contact us for advice or more details. Our product specialists are here to help.
Chesapeake One Piece Vanity Top and Sink 37" Wide
The designs are beautiful. The color palette is exquisite and extensive. Best of all, Swanstone vanities and bowls are heat, stain and scratch-resistant. You can be sure you're investing in beauty that lasts. What's not to love?
Swanstone is a reinforced solid surface material featuring the industry's best impact and heat resistance. Color and texture run all the way through and cannot wear away. Products include kitchen sinks, bath and shower walls, shower floors, vanity tops and bowls, and table tops.
Swanstone CH1B2237 Features:
- Bowl size 19" x 13" x 6"
- Larger bowl, thicker edge and taller backsplash are an upgrade from Ellipse collection vanity tops
- Reinforced solid surface means color and texture run all the way through and cannot wear away
- Coordinates with Swanstone shower and bath systems
- Easily accommodates all faucet styles
- Acetone will not harm
- Hot curling irons will not burn
- Make-up and hair-dye can be buffed out with household cleansers
Additional Swanstone Links
This Swanstone item can also be referenced by the following color/finish specific model #:
- Swanstone CH02237.123
- Swanstone CH02237.046
Almond Galaxy
- Swanstone CH02237.035
Arctic Granite
- Swanstone CH02237.168
Babys Breath
- Swanstone CH02237.091
- Swanstone CH02237.040
Bermuda Sand
- Swanstone CH02237.018
- Swanstone CH1B2237015*
Black Galaxy
- Swanstone CH02237.037
- Swanstone CH02237.124
- Swanstone CH02237.169
Caraway Seed
- Swanstone CH02237.125
Cloud White
- Swanstone CH02237.063
- Swanstone CH1B2237044*
Country Blue Granite
- Swanstone CH1B2237024*
- Swanstone CH02237.121
- Swanstone CH02237.042
Gray Granite
- Swanstone CH1B2237095
Green Pasture
- Swanstone CH02237.071
Indian Grass
- Swanstone CH1B2237061*
- Swanstone CH1B2237045*
Mocha Galaxy
- Swanstone CH02237.012
Night Sky
- Swanstone CH02237.072
- Swanstone CH02237.122
- Swanstone CH1B2237023*
Prairie Clover
- Swanstone CH1B2237064
Purple Sage
- Swanstone CH1B2237043*
Rose Granite
- Swanstone CH1B2237062*
- Swanstone CH1B2237074*
- Swanstone CH1B2237031*
Shell Rose
- Swanstone CH02237.094
- Swanstone CH1B2237056
Tahiti Blue
- Swanstone CH02237.050
Tahiti Desert
- Swanstone CH1B2237057
Tahiti Evergreen
- Swanstone CH02237.053
Tahiti Gray
- Swanstone CH02237.059
Tahiti Ivory
- Swanstone CH02237.058
Tahiti Matrix
- Swanstone CH1B2237052*
Tahiti Rose
- Swanstone CH02237.051
Tahiti Sand
- Swanstone CH02237.055
Tahiti Terra
- Swanstone CH02237.011
Tahiti White
- Swanstone CH02237.010
- Swanstone CH1B2237022*
Wild Indigo
- Swanstone CH02237.060
Winter Wheat
*Discontinued model or finish
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text:
Hariyama first appeared in Brave the Wave as a Makuhita. Like Brawly and Machop, Makuhita also enjoys surfing the waves and uses the surfing techniques it learned from Brawly in its battles. It was used against Ash's Treecko in a Gym battle. With its impressive power and skill, Makuhita was easily able to gain the upper hand. However, when Treecko kept coming back for more, Makuhita evolved into Hariyama. With the massive power boost it gained by evolving, Hariyama finished Treecko off easily with Knock Off, thus defeating Ash. However due to its greater size and weight, Hariyama found surfing more difficult.
Hariyama appeared again in A Meditite Fight where it helped Ash and the others to escape from a violent storm.
Ash had his rematch against Brawly in Just One of the Geysers. Hariyama was able to defeat Corphish and battled Treeko a second time. But thanks to Ash's strategy, Treecko was able to defeat Hariyama after a fierce battle, earning Ash the Knuckle Badge.
Known moves
|Arm Thrust
|Brave the Wave
|Knock Off
|Brave the Wave
|Vital Throw
|Brave the Wave
|Seismic Toss
|Brave the Wave
|+ indicates this Pokémon used this move recently.*
- indicates this Pokémon normally can't use this move.
- Although surfing is one of Hariyama's hobbies and it uses techniques it learned on surfboards in battle, it does not actually known the move Surf.


text:
Posted on 8/12/2014
Margaret Adam
Teens love The Zentangle® Method of drawing because it's so highly adaptable to many expressions and forms of creativity. Anytime, almost anywhere you find yourself, if you have paper and a pencil or pen, you can do Zentangle®-Inspired Art. The Zentangle® Method is an easy-to-learn, relaxing, fun way to create beautiful images by drawing structured patterns. It was created by Rick Roberts and Maria Thomas. "Zentangle" is a registered trademark of Zentangle, Inc. Learn more at Zentangle.com.
In this library workshop, we'll learn the basic ideas about Zentangles and follow the traditional steps one time together. After that, we'll allow time and freedom for everyone to relax and just draw. Teens will take home at least one uniquely designed bookmark.
The session is free with materials provided. Please call to register: 703-2990.
Above artwork, including Zentangle-Inspired hair, by Rachel Adam.
Friday, August 15, 1:30 pm
Walkertown Branch Library
2969 Main St. Walkertown, NC 27051
Call (336) 703-2990 for more information.
Click here for driving directions.
2969 Main Street
Walkertown, NC 27051
(336) 703-2990
Closed Sunday
10:00 - 9:00 Monday
10:00 - 9:00 Tuesday
10:00 - 9:00 Wednesday
10:00 - 6:00 Thursday
10:00 - 6:00 Friday
10:00 - 5:00 Saturday
Hours for All Locations
Holiday Closings
Copyright © 2016 Forsyth County | Contact the Webmaster | Site Map


text:
Knog Kransky
Beneath its cool exterior Knog's lock contains some nice touches, suuch as mixing its central steel cable with a nylon core to slow down would-be thieves. It is a resilient lock and took our tester several minutes to cut the cable using a 600mm short bolt-cropper. It was a different story with the 1,200mm long cropper's cutting force of 1,800kg, however -- the bike was freed in just three snips. For that reason, the Kransky is only recommended for bikes that aren't as funky looking as the lock.
WIRED: Cheap; colourful
TIRED: Can be quickly cut
£36 wiggle.co.uk
Credit: Wilson Hennessy


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Let's say the trade deadline was June 30. Take a look at the teams out of it, and then scan their rosters for a RH power bat. Start with Houston, theyre dead in the water, would you take Chris Carter, 15 40 .243? Seatlle's probably out of it, but all their healthy power is LH, Michael Morse is hurt again 11 23 .251. Jason Bay? 8 17 .220. Go to the NL, Milwaukee is cooked, and Ryan Braun will be suspended, Yuniesky Bettancourt has 8 homers, never hit more than 16 in a season...The Cubs have Cody Ransom, he's got 8 homers in 34 games, but he's 37 and a classic Bull Durham minor leaguer. Alfonzo Soriano, 7 homers and terrible defense, no thanks. That leaves the Padres, but their playing .500 ball, so not likely.
The fabled RH bat is either going to be Middlebrooks or someone from Pawtucket, because the other options at the deadline just don't exist.


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Red Bull's Sebastian Vettel takes his third win of the season in Turkey and extends his lead in the battle for the F1 2011 drivers' championship from 21 points to 34.
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Kevin Kalkhoven and Jimmy Vasser, co-owners of the winning #11 KV Racing Technology team, at the Indy 500 Victory Awards Celebration held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Monday, May 27 2013. (Photo Credit: Leigh Spargur for IndyCar Media)
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May 6, 2016
A former state senator who lost by just 20 votes two years ago says he is running for office again.
Stan White, a Democrat from Dare County, announced his candidacy for the senate District 1 seat Monday morning.
In 2012, White lost to Republican Bill Cook in the eight county district.
White says the rural district has been hurt by the GOP-controlled legislature, even though they ran on a platform of economic growth and job creation.
"For example, the GOP state budget lays off thousands of teacher assistants while increasing class sizes and freezing teacher pay," said White. "Their budget raids millions of dollars from our public schools for a voucher program to fund private schools. By blocking the Medicaid expansion, the Republican legislature will put our rural public hospitals in a dangerous financial pinch and at risk of having to shut their doors."
White says the district is also receiving millions less in state highway funds because of changes to the way that money is now allocated.
Cook, who is from Beaufort County, is expected to seek another term next year.
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Plus Blog
November 25, 2009
Wednesday, November 25, 2009
An amateur fractal programmer has discovered a new 3D version of the Mandelbrot set. Daniel White's new creation is based on similar mathematics as the original 2D Mandelbrot set, but its infinite intricacy extends into all three dimensions, revealing fractal worlds of amazing complexity and beauty at every level of magnification.
Labels: Latest news
posted by Plus @ 9:45 AM
6 Comments:
November 19, 2009
Thursday, November 19, 2009
LHC set for restart
After over a year of repair works the Large Hadron Collider at CERN may be restarted within the next few days. Scientists will gently prod the giant particle collider back into action, starting by circulating beams of protons at low energies and generating low energy collisions, before slowly firing it up to its full power. It is hoped that eventually the high energy collisions will generate conditions similar to those right after the Big Bang and shed light on some of the biggest mysteries of the Universe.
To remind yourself of what the LHC is all about, read the Plus articles:
Or, for a quick fix, here's the LHC rap:
posted by Plus @ 10:28 AM
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News from the world of maths: Happy 150th birthday to the Riemann Hypothesis - the most famous unsolved problem in mathematics
November 18, 2009
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Happy 150th birthday to the Riemann Hypothesis - the most famous unsolved problem in mathematics
It has been 150 years since the mathematician Bernhard Riemann published the conjecture which is now one of the most important unsolved problems in mathematics. The Riemann hypothesis encapsulates humankind's attempt to understand the mysteries of the primes: why there is no apparent pattern in the way the primes are distributed on the number line. The hypothesis is one of the Clay Mathematics Institute's Millennium Prize Problems — anyone who proves (or disproves) it will receive one million dollars.
If you'd like to have a go at solving the Riemann hypothesis yourself, then learn more about it in the Plus articles A whirlpool of numbers, The prime number lottery, and The music of the primes. To find out more about the Clay Institute Millennium Prize Problems, read How maths can make you rich and famous, Part I and Part II.
posted by Plus @ 11:38 AM
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November 12, 2009
Thursday, November 12, 2009
What are the chances of winning the lottery? How much of a football team's league position is due to luck and how much is due to skill? What are the chances of a false positive test result in security or medical screening? Which newspaper headlines are telling the truth? Can you spot a scam before you fall for it?
Probability and statistics help to provide answers to questions like these, but they are often misunderstood. The Millennium Mathematics Project (the home of Plus) and Winton Programme for the Public Understanding of Risk are addressing this with a new schools outreach project entitled What are the Odds? The Hands-On Risk and Probability Show...
Labels: Latest news
posted by Plus @ 1:02 PM
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November 12, 2009
Thursday, November 12, 2009
Maths in a minute - combinatorics
And while we're on the topic of probability, let's answer one of those important mathematical question: how likely are you to win the lottery?
In the UK lottery you have to choose 6 numbers out of 49, and for a chance at the jackpot you need all of your 6 numbers to come up in the main draw. So the question is really how many possible combinations of 6 numbers can be drawn out of 49? There are 49 possibilities for the first number, 48 for the second, and so on to 44 possibilities for the sixth number, so there are 49 x 48 x 47 x 46 x 45 x 44 = 10068347520 ways of choosing those six numbers... in that order. But we don't care which order our numbers are picked, and the number of different ways of picking 6 numbers are 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 6! = 720. Therefore our six numbers are one of 49 x 48 x 47 x 46 x 45 x 44 / 6! = 13983816 so we have about a one in 14 million chance of hitting the jackpot. Hmmm...
But on a brighter note, we have just discovered a very useful mathematical fact: the number of combinations of size k (sets of objects in which order doesn't matter) from a larger set of size n is n! / (n-k)! / k!.
This sort of argument lies at the heart of combinatorics, the mathematics of counting. It might not help you win lotto, but it might keep you healthy. It is used to understand how viruses such as influenza reproduce and mutate, by assessing the chances of creating viable viruses from random recombination of genetic segments.
You can read more on combinatorics, including money (lotto), love (well kissing frogs) and fun (juggling and rubiks cubes) on Plus.
posted by Plus @ 1:18 PM
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1 comments
November 6, 2009
Friday, November 06, 2009
Maths Inspiration event in Cambridge — November 24th
There are still places left at the Maths Inspiration morning event in Cambridge on 24th November, organised by Rob Eastaway. All Maths Inspiration events are aimed at sixth formers and more able Year 11 students.
The Cambridge events will be held in West Road Concert Hall on 24th November 2009, 9.45am - 12.30, repeated 1pm - 3.45pm. Speakers include Claire Ellis, Professor Chris Budd, Dr Hugh Hunt and Professor David Spiegelhalter, with talks including What have mathematicians ever done for us?, The Maths of breakfast, and The subtle science of uncertainty.
Tickets are £6 per attendee at all events with one teacher entitled to free entry for every ten students.
For full details of all events and to book tickets, please see the Maths Inspiration website, or contact email@example.com.
posted by Plus @ 2:24 PM
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Schematic diagram of the nitrate ion. Source: Ben Mills. Creative Commons public domain
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion having a molecular formula NO3- and molecular mass of 62.0049 grams per mole. This ion is the conjugate base of HNO3, its geometry consistng of one central nitrogen atom surrounded by three identically-bonded oxygen atoms in a trigonal planar arrangement. The nitrate ion carries an electrical charge of minus one, arising from a combination formal charge in which each of the three oxygen atoms carries a fractional two thirds charge, whereas the nitrogen atom carries a plus one charge, all these adding up to minus one formal charge of the polyatomic nitrate ion. This atomic arrangement is often invoked as a classic example of chemical resonance. Similar to the isoelectronic carbonate ion, the nitrate ion can be represented by resonance structures.
Nitrate is a very important chemical soil amendment responsible for a major portion of the agricultural productivity expansion from 1970 to 2012; however, the adverse unintended consequences of massive dosages of nitrate to soils have included ecosystem alteration and imbalances, including driving many plant species to extinction. In addition adverse impacts of groundwater and surface water contamination are widespread. In fact, more wells have been condemned due to nitrate contamination than from any other chemical substance. One of the reasons for this outcome is the high solubility of most nitrate salts, leading to rapid infiltration of nitrates to aquifers.
Chemical properties
Virtually all inorganic nitrate salts are readily soluble in aqueous media. An example of an inorganic nitrate salt is potassium nitrate, KNO3. In organic chemistry, a nitrate is a functional group with generic chemical formula RONO2, where R represents any organic residue. These compounds are esters of nitric acid and alcohols formed by nitroxylation. Examples are methyl nitrate produced by the chemical reaction of methanol, and nitric acid, the nitrate of tartaric acid and the inappropriately-termed nitroglycerin. Both organic and inorganic nitrates are employed as explosives and propellants. An example use of inorganic nitrate is classical gunpowder. In all these cases the thermal decomposition of the nitrate yields molecular nitrogen gas plus large amounts of chemical energy, due to the high energy content bond of molecular nitrogen. particularly in inorganic nitrate reactions, oxidation from the nitrate oxygens is also an important energy-releasing process. Free nitrate ions in solution can be detected by a nitrate ion selective electrode in the same way as the pH selective electrode reponds to free hydrogen ions.
Faunal toxicity
Nitrate exhibits toxicity to fauna, especially to amphibians; (Steenvoorden et al. 2002) moreover, nitrate toxicosis can occur through enterohepatic metabolism of nitrate to nitrite being an intermediate.(Merck Veterinary Manual. 2008) Nitrites oxidize the iron atoms in hemoglobin from ferrous (Fe2+) to ferric (Fe3+) iron, rendering it unable to transport oxygen. (Kim-Shapiro et al. 2005) This process can lead to generalized hypoxia in organ tissue and a hazardous condition called methemoglobinemia. Although nitrite converts to ammonia, if there is a greater quantity of nitrite than can be converted, the animal gradually suffers from oxygen deprivation.
Human health issues
Spinach, one of the leafy foods high in nitrates.
Humans are affected by nitrate toxicity, with very young individuals being particularly vulnerable to methemoglobinemia, due to nitrate metabolizing triglycerides present at higher concentrations than at other stages of human development. Methemoglobinemia in infants is known as blue baby syndrome, a condition currently thought to be the product of a number of factors, which can include factors which cause gastric distress, such as diarrheal infection, protein intolerance, or heavy metal toxicity, with nitrates playing a lesser role. Nitrates are most often ingested by infants in the form of elevated nitrate drinking water. However, nitrate exposure may also occur when consuming vegetable food products containing high nitrate concentrations. Some lettuce varieties, for example, may have elevated nitrate in growth conditions such as reduced sunlight, undersupply of the essential micronutrients molybdenum and iron, or elevated concentrations of nitrate due to reduced nitrate uptake by the plant. High levels of nitrate fertilization also contribute to elevated levels of nitrate in the harvested plant biomass.
Some adults can be more susceptible to the effects of nitrate than others. The methemoglobin reductase enzyme may be under-produced or absent in certain individuals that have an inherited mutation. Such individuals are not able to break down methemoglobin as rapidly as people that have the enzyme, leading to increased circulating levels of methemoglobin (the implication being that the blood of such individuals is less oxygen-rich). Those with insufficient stomach acid (including many vegetarians) may also be at risk. It is the increased consumption of green, leafy vegetables that typically accompany vegetarian style diets may lead to increased nitrate intake. A wide variety of medical conditions, including food allergies, asthma, hepatitis, and gallstones may be linked to low stomach acid; these individuals may also be highly sensitive to the effects of nitrate.
Since approximately 1960, inorganic nitrate has been associated with adverse human health effects, but some evidence of the contrary has mounted. In the 1990s, a research group at Karolinska Institutet demonstrated how the body can convert nitrate to nitric oxide, a molecule involved in numerous key metabolic functions, such as blood pressure regulation, immune defense and cellular metabolism. Nitric oxide can mitigate against mitochondrial dysfunction related diseases, These results are of sports-medicine interest, since they demonstrate that nitrate reduces oxygen consumption during physical exercise; however, they are also of potential significance to diseases involving mitochondrial dysfunction, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Methylene blue can be used to treat methemoglobinemia, via reduction of ferric iron in affected blood cells to ferrous iron.
Livestock toxicity
Nitrate poisoning is a concern chiefly for cattle producers, but also takes place in other ruminants. Nitrate is taken up from soil whenever plants increase in biomass; however when growth is interrupted, the roots of vascular plants continue to pump nitrate from soil; when such plant growth is halted, the nitrate then accumulates and concentrates in the plant stems and leaves. Thus, harvesting after such nitrate buildup results in a crop that is high in nitrates. Factors that can cause nitrate accumulation in flora are frost, hail, drought, hot arid winds, pesticide damage, herbicide damage and any other plant stunting environmental causes. Metabolic symptoms of nitrate poisoning include amplified heart and respiration rates; in advanced situations, livestock blood and tissue may turn a blue or brown color. Feed can be tested for nitrate; moreover, compensatory treatment consists of supplementing existing feed supplies with lower nitrate substances.
Aquatic system effects
In freshwater or coastal estuarine systems, nitrate concentrations can attain sufficiently high levels to cause fish mortality. Although nitrate is less toxic than ammonia or nitrite, (Romano & Zeng. ) nitrate levels over 30 parts per million can inhibit faunal growth, impair the immune system and cause stress in some aquatic species. In most cases of excess nitrate concentrations in aquatic systems, the primary source is surface runoff from agricultural or landscaped areas that have received excess nitrate fertilizer. The ensuing process is termed eutrophication and often produces algae blooms. As well as leading to aquatic anoxia and dead zones, these blooms may alter ecosystem function, favoring some groups of organisms over others. As a result, nitrate is widely utilized as a chief indicator of water quality. Nitrate is additionally found in septic systems for treating domestic wastewater. Water quality may thus be affected through groundwater resources that have a high density of septic systems within a drainage basin. Ponds or lakes that rely on subsurface water for recharge can then be adversely altered by nitrates via this process.
A great expansion of nitrates began in the 20th century, amending soils in order to promote higher crop yields. The expansion was particularly intense starting in the 1970s as part of the much heralded green gevolution. Unfortunately the adverse ecological effects were not realized until decades later after massive disturbances to both terrestrial and aquatic systems, including large numbers of species extinctions to both fauna and flora. Faunal toxicity is particularly high for amphibians. In the case of plants, the effects are ostensibly more subtle in phenomenology, but even more damaging in a total ecosystem impact. When nitrogen content of soil is elevated, the competitive balance amongst various plant species is shifted, generally to favor non-native invasives that thrive on the elevated nitrogen. In many habitats, as much as one half of the native forbs and grasses are eliminated when significant dosages of ntirate are added to enhance crop fertility. It should be noted that many crop types, such as orchards and vineyards, are capable of growing compatibly with an abundance of native flora, provided soil chemistry is not altered.
- T.M.Addiscott & N.Benjamin. 2004. Nitrate and human health
- Tom Barker, Keith Hatton, Mike O'Connor, Les Connor and Brian Moss. 2008. Effects of nitrate load on submerged plant biomass and species richness: results of a mesocosm experiment. Fundamental and Applied Limnology. Vol 173. Number 2. pp 89-100
- Michael Clark. 2007. Long term effects of elevated nitrogen inputs on plant community dynamics and biogeochemistry books.google.com ProQuest. 159 pages
- C.M.Clark and D.Tilman. 2008. Loss of plant species after chronic low-level nitrogen deposition to prairie grasslands. Nature 451: 712-715
- D.B. Kim-shapiro, M.T. Gladwin, R.P.Patel and N.Hogg. 2005. Between nitrite and hemoglobin: the role of nitrite in hemoglobin-mediated hypoxic vasodilation. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry. Vol. 99, issue 1. pp 237–246. Elsevier
- H.Marschner. 1999. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic Press, London.
- Merck Veterinary Manual. 2008. Nitrate and Nitrite Poisoning: Introduction.
- N.Romano & C.Zeng. 2007. Acute toxicity of sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate and potassium chloride and their effects on the hemolymph composition and gill structure of early juvenile blue swimmer crabs (''Portunus pelagicus'', Linnaeus 1758) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 26: 1955–1962
- H.A.M.Steenvoorden, Frans Claessen, Jaap Willems. 2002. Agricultural effects on ground and surface waters: research at the edge of science and society. books.google.com 414 pages;
This article was reviewed and approved by Topic Editor Andy Jorgensen


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A wonderful view of some wonderful walking areas on Guernsey's south coast.
"The Warmest of Welcomes Awaits You at La Collinette Hotel, Apartments & Cottages!"
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The Power of Independent Thinking
The War on Everything
Recorded: Monday, April 14, 2014
Research Fellow Anthony Gregory, author of "The Power of Habeas Corpus in America,"
discusses how politicians love to declare war on social and economic issues, and how these "wars" only manage to increase government power while reducing liberty.
Experts: Anthony GregoryType: Independent Institute TVIssues: Bureaucracy and Government, Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Constitutional Law, Criminal Justice/ Prisons, Free Speech, Freedom, Government Power, Government Secrecy, History (U.S), Immigration, Law Enforcement, Regulation and Deregulation, Terrorism and National Crises
Obama and Putin: A Summit that Wasnt
Recorded: Friday, August 9, 2013
In a cold war of words, President Barack Obama told Russian President Vladimir Putin he wouldnt attend a Moscow summit in September. Research Fellow Anthony Gregory compares the two leaders record on human rights and asks why they would even meet in the first place.
Experts: Anthony GregoryType: Independent Institute TVIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Freedom, Government Power, Political Ideology and Philosophy, Politics
Reaction to the Conviction of Bradley Manning by Research Fellow Anthony Gregory
Recorded: Thursday, August 1, 2013
Presidential candidate Barack Obama promised to protect government whistle-blowers in an effort to be more transparent. When U.S. Army private Bradley Manning was convicted of espionage, Independent Institute Research Fellow Anthony Gregory said it's time to make a choice.
Experts: Anthony GregoryType: Independent Institute TVIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Constitutional Law, Criminal Justice/ Prisons, Defense and Foreign Policy, Government Power
Anthony Gregory on Independent Watch: The Bellicosity of a Democrat's Second Term
Recorded: Monday, March 4, 2013
Independent Watch, a new video channel produced by the Independent Institute studio in Oakland, CA, launches with Research Fellow and author, Anthony Gregory!
Read Anthony's Huffington Post piece.
Experts: Anthony GregoryType: Independent Institute TVIssues: Defense and Foreign Policy, History (U.S), Politics
Anthony Gregory on War Spending
Recorded: Friday, June 10, 2011
Anthony Gregory, Research Editor at the Independent Institute, speaks to Judge Napolitano about the cost of war spending and how President Obama's foreign policy is similar and different to former President George W. Bush's.
Experts: Anthony GregoryType: TelevisionIssues: Defense and Foreign Policy, Politics


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The grass family Poaceae (also known as Gramineae) contains approximately 10,000 distinct species and 650 to 900 genera. Only the sunflower (Asteraceae, or Compositae), legume (Fabaceae, or Leguminosae), and orchid (Orchidaceae) families are larger in terms of number of taxa. The grass family has more individual plants and a wider environmental range than does any other family, occupying the geographic limits of vegetation in polar regions and on mountaintops, enduring extremes of cold, sunlight, heat, and drought, while dominating various landscapes worldwide. Grasses are the most successful monocots (seed-bearing plants with single seed leaves), and the most beneficial plants for humankind, providing highly nutritional grains and livestock forage, and preventing soil erosion. Of the five crops that provide almost two-thirds of the food caloric intake that mankind consumes, including corn, barley, potatoes, rice, and wheat, only potatoes are not a grass species.
Grasses are highly specialized monocots distinguished by certain characteristics of the stems, leaves, and inflorescences. The jointed stems (culms) are round or flattened (never triangular); they are usually hollow except at the nodes (points on the stem from which leaves arise), where they are solid. The leaves generally consist of two principal parts: a tubular sheath around the plant's stem and a blade (the broader, expanded part). Leaves are usually single at each node, but are 2-ranked, that is, spaced alternatively on opposite sides of the stems. Very small, individual, simple flowers (florets) are grouped in inflorescences called spikelets, which are subtended by small leaf-like bracts, the glumes. The florets are enclosed by other specialized bracts (the lemma and palea).
Photosynthetic Pathways
There are grass species that use both C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways to fix C into tissue. Primitive grasses such as the bamboos, as well as modern grasses that live at higher latitudes or elevations where temperatures in the growing season are relatively cool, mostly have the more typical C3 photosynthesis predominating. However, in the intense sunlight of warmer habitats at lower latitudes and elevations, grasses with the more specialized C4 metabolism are better able to fix carbon. C4 grasses are important in such diverse biomes as tropical forests, semiarid grasslands and warm deserts.
Evolutionary history
The earliest grasses lived in shady tropical forests. The evolution and spread of grasses undoubtedly resulted from their ability to adapt to seasonally dry habitats created as tropical-deciduous forests developed in the Eocene (58 to 34 mya, million years ago). Considering their importance and taxonomic diversity, grasses have a relatively poor fossil record. While the earliest potential fossil grass pollen was described from late Cretaceous sediments, the oldest reliable megafossil grass fossils were spikelets and inflorescences from the latest Paleocene (about 58 mya). These were primitive proto-bamboos with broad leaves, quite unlike the narrow-leaf modern grasses of desert grasslands and deserts.
Although the early fossils could not be assigned to living grasses, their morphological details reflect the early evolution of wind pollination in a seasonally dry tropical environment. In the late Oligocene (about 30 to 24 mya) fossils of central North America, more diverse grass fossils were found, including both archaic forms and a considerable number of extant genera. By the Miocene (24 mya), many more modern genera appeared in the fossil record. A great deal of the history of grasses was clearly not captured in the fossil record, notably the evolutionary radiation from primitive proto-bamboos to modern grasses in the Eocene and Oligocene. By the early Miocene, however, grasses in all our modern subfamilies were present, indicating that our modern taxonomic and physiologic diversity had been well established by that time.
History of cultivation
Domestication and cultivation of edible grasses was a concomitant of the rise of human civilisation in the Holocene. Wheat farming was one of the earliest agricultural activities of prehistoric man, at the outset of sedentary agriculture.
A number of sites in the Levant are associated with early wheat cultivation, a site at Iraq ed-Dubb (Cave of the Bear), in present day Jordan is arguably the oldest radiocarbon dated location at 9600 BC.
Other archaeological records derive from:
The Abu Hureyra site in the valley of the Euphrates in Syria
The Nevalı Çori site (in southern Turkey); and
From Cayonu in the Karacadag Moutains of Turkey
At each of these cultivation sites, the sedentary agriculture is dated to the eight and ninth millennia BC.
Further reading
- A.K.Gupta. 2004. Origin of agriculture and domestication of plants and animals linked to early Holocene climate amelioration. Current Science. Vol. 21. 54-59
- C. Michael Hogan. 2013. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: Extinction. Ed. Norman MacLeod. Gale Publishing, Detroit. pp. 759-768.
- S.J. Phillips and P.W. Comus (eds.) 2000. A Natural History of the Sonoran Desert. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Press, Tucson, and University of California Press, Berkeley.
- V. Prasad, C.A. Strömberg, A.D. Leaché, B. Samant, R. Patnaik, I. Tang, D.M. Mohabey, S. Ge, A. Sahni. 2011. Late Cretaceous origin of the rice tribe provides evidence for early diversification in Poaceae. Nat Commun. 2:480.
- Z.Q. Wu and S. Ge. 2011. The phylogeny of the BEP clade in grasses revisited: Evidence from the whole-genome sequences of chloroplasts. Mol Phylogenet Evol
Disclaimer: This article contains some information that was originally published by the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. Topic editors and authors for the Encyclopedia of Earth have edited its content and added new information. The use of information from the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum should not be construed as support for or endorsement by that organization for any new information added by EoE personnel, or for any editing of the original content.


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Worshipped as the goddess of wisdom, courage and inspiration become the gorgeous Greek goddess Athena this Halloween with this unique costume dress. The Sexy Golden Goddess Women's Costume comes with a dress, cape, and headpiece. The dress is designed with a shimmering gold design that features a v-shaped low cut down that features thick gold straps gold chain links going across the v-cut neckline. A cape is attached in the back and is made of sheer material. This costume is finished with a chain link and laurel style headpiece that will accentuate your unique goddess appearance. Inspire everyone around you this Halloween by showing up to your Halloween party in this truly magnificent ensemble. The Sexy Golden Goddess Women's Costume is gold, gorgeous and easy to wear!
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Chaise Cushions - Select Items
- Overview
Our thick and comfortable chaise cushions are covered in water repellant, fade-resistant ring-spun polyester that easily rinses clean. A wide range of bright colors, fresh stripes and patterns are available to brighten up your outdoor space. Imported.
- Single Chaise Cushion: 26" wide x 83" long x 2.5" high
- Double Chaise Cushion: 53" wide x 86" long x 2.5" high
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PB Cushions
- Single Chaise Cushion: 26" wide x 83" long x 2.5" high
- Double Chaise Cushion: 53" wide x 86" long x 2.5" high
Sunbrella® Cushions
- Single Cushion (sold separately): 26" wide x 83" long x 3" thick
- Double Cushion (sold separately): 53" wide x 83" long x 3" thick
PB Cushion
- Filled with 100% polyester foam, the cushion (sold separately) has a nonremovable water repellant cover of 100% heavy-duty spun polyester that is approved for outdoor use.
Sunbrella® Cushion
- Sunbrella® Cushions (sold separately) are made of 100% acrylic Sunbrella® fabric that is water, soil & stain repellent fabric with excellent UV properties and durability. Cushions are filled with foam core wrapped in polyfill batting. Oil Resistant. Sunbrella® guarantees their color in solids & yarn dyes will not fade for at least 3 years. Tested and proven to provide up to 98% UV protection from harmful effects of the sun when used in shade applications. Sunbrella® furniture fabrics have been awarded the "seal of recommendation" by the Skin Cancer Foundation, an international organization dedicated to the prevention of skin cancer.
PB Cushion
- Extend the life of your cushion and pillow by keeping them free of dirt and foliage.
- Store indoors during inclement weather or when not in use for long periods of time.
- To prevent mildew, stand cushions on end and dry completely before storing.
- Do not store with furniture.
For Tufted Cushions (non-removable slipcover)
- Spot clean with a damp, white cloth.
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Sunbrella® Cushion
- Sunbrella® features a soil-and-stain-resistant finish that makes cleanup a breeze. Spot wash by sponging briskly with a solution of natural soap in lukewarm water. Rinse thoroughly with clean water to remove soap and air dry. For stubborn stains or suntan lotion, use fabric spot remover, follow the directions on the container. Rinse thoroughly with clean water and air dry. Solution-dyed acrylic does not promote mildew growth, however, mildew may grow on dirt and other foreign substances that are not removed from the fabric. To clean mildew stains, prepare a mild solution of one cup bleach and two capfuls of natural soap per gallon of water. Spray on entire area and allow to soak in. If necessary, scrub vigorously with a sponge or clean rag. Sponge thoroughly with clean water and air dry. To prevent mildew, be sure fabric is completely dry before storing. Store indoors in cool, dry place when not in use.
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