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Over the last few weeks Computer Weekly has written about software licensing and how suppliers are demanding IT departments run costly software audits. At the same time, we have started looking at the complexities of licensing, such as in a virtualised environment.
In this guest blog post, Martin Thompson, a SAM consultant and founder of The ITAM Review and The ITSM Review, provides some top tips on what to do when you receive an audit letter:
Payment Protection Insurance (PPI) spam is in vogue.
You may have received one or two of these recently:
"You are entitled to £2,648 in compensation from mis-sold PPI on credit cards or loans."
PPI claims and other spam solicitations are the bane of our inboxes. The vast majority of us know to simply ignore them. Unfortunately the handful of those who do respond justifies the exercise to the spammers.
This mass-marketing technique is used in exactly the same fashion by trade bodies such as BSA and FAST to force their agenda and start software audit activity.
Supplier audits are a fact of life, some software audit requests are serious and expensive, some are merely spoof marketing campaigns - how can IT professionals decipher between the two?
Whilst I'm not a legal expert, fifteen years in this industry has taught me that there instances when you should respond to an audit request and instances when you should simply walk away.
When to Take Software Audit Requests Seriously
In my opinion there are two instances when you should take software audits seriously:
- When you are approached by a software publisher directly with reference to a signed contract
- When you are approached by an organisation with real proof of a breach of intellectual property law.
Contracts with software publishers have 'Audit Clauses', the right to come and audit you periodically at your own cost. Your company either signed this and agreed to it or will need to fight against it. Smart companies negotiate it out of the contract by demonstrating maturity in their internal processes.
Breaches of intellectual property supported by evidence are a legal dispute and should be treated as such - by passing the issue over to your legal team in the first instance.
When to Ignore Software Audit Requests
Requests for 'Self-Audit' or other direct mail fishing exercises can be ignored.
Trade bodies such as BSA and FAST commonly write letters to companies requesting them to 'Self-Audit' or declare a 'Software Amnesty'.
These organizations are masters at crafting well-written legal sounding letters but have no legal authority whatsoever. Nor do they have the resources to follow up to every letter sent.
Just like any other complaint made to your business it should only be taken seriously if there is firm evidence or the organisation issuing the dispute is supported by the appropriate government agency. For example the Federation Against Software Theft (FAST) has no teeth whatsoever unless accompanied by HM Customs and Excise.
Confidence in Your Choices
IT departments with the appropriate Software Asset Management (SAM) processes in place have both the confidence and the supporting data to discriminate between bogus claims and genuine supplier audit requests.
Whilst much noise is made in the industry of senior management being sent to prison or the company name being dragged through the gutter - the real and compelling downside to a lack of software management is UNBUDGETED cost and DISRUPTION. Surprise license costs and massive disruption whilst IT staff are diverted from key projects to attend to an audit or hunt down the appropriate data.
Unexpected software audits can be good for your health in the longer term if it allows the organisation to realize it is out of control.
SAM is so much more than compliance and counting licenses. Organisations with a solid SAM practice are more nimble, competitive and dynamic. No more stalling on that virtualisation project because we're unsure of the licensing costs, no more uncertainty about moving to the cloud because we don't know how that leaves us contractually. SAM provides the business intelligence to innovate and take action.
Martin is an independent software industry analyst, SAM consultant and founder of The ITAM Review and The ITSM Review. Learn more about him here and connect with him on Twitter or LinkedIn.


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Morton's neuroma is a painful condition that affects the ball of your foot, most commonly the area between your third and fourth toes. Morton's neuroma may feel as if you are standing on a pebble in your shoe or on a fold in your sock.
Morton's neuroma involves a thickening of the tissue around one of the nerves leading to your toes. This can cause a sharp, burning pain in the ball of your foot. Your toes also may sting, burn or feel numb.
High-heeled shoes have been linked to the development of Morton's neuroma. Many people experience relief by switching to lower heeled shoes with wider toe boxes. Sometimes corticosteroid injections or surgery may be necessary.
Typically, there's no outward sign of this condition, such as a lump. Instead, you may experience the following symptoms:
It's best not to ignore any foot pain that lasts longer than a few days. See your doctor if you experience a burning pain in the ball of your foot that's not improving, despite changing your footwear and modifying activities that may cause stress to your foot.
Morton's neuroma seems to occur in response to irritation, pressure or injury to one of the nerves that lead to your toes.
Factors that appear to contribute to Morton's neuroma include:
You might first seek advice from your family doctor about your foot pain. He or she may refer you to a doctor or surgeon who specializes in foot disorders. Before your appointment, you may want to write a list of answers to the following questions:
Your doctor may ask some of the following questions:
During the exam, your doctor will press on your foot to feel for a mass or tender spot. There may also be a feeling of "clicking" between the bones of your foot.
Some imaging tests are more useful than others in the diagnosis of Morton's neuroma:
Treatment depends on the severity of your symptoms. Your doctor will likely recommend trying conservative approaches first.
Arch supports and foot pads fit inside your shoe and help reduce pressure on the nerve. These can be purchased over-the-counter, or your doctor may prescribe a custom-made, individually designed shoe insert — molded to fit the exact contours of your foot.
If conservative treatments haven't helped, your doctor might suggest:
To help relieve the pain associated with Morton's neuroma and allow the nerve to heal, consider the following self-care tips:
Original article: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mortons-neuroma/basics/treatment/con-20026482
Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below.
Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization and proceeds from Web advertising help support our mission. Mayo Clinic does not endorse any of the third party products and services advertised.
A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.

subset: commoncrawl


text: Think of this multitasker as a measuring cup you can use on the stovetop. Especially handy for stirring and reducing sauces, the 18/10 stainless-steel pan has interior measurement marks, so you can tell at a glance how much liquids have reduced. To store mixtures in the fridge, just pop on the lid.


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Extensions Template Manager Styles
From Joomla! Documentation
Revision as of 17:37, 15 September 2012 by Chris Davenport (Talk | contribs)
- 1 Overview
- 2 How to access
- 3 Description
- 4 Screenshot
- 5 Column Headers
- 6 List Filters
- 7 Toolbar
- 8 Options
- 9 Toolbar Links
- 10 Quick Tips
- 11 Related Information
This screen is accessed from the back-end Joomla! administrator panel. It is used to manage templates in your Joomla! website.
How to access
- Select Extensions → Template Manager from the drop-down menu of the Joomla! Administrator Panel. You can also select the 'Styles' menu link from the Template Manager: Templates screen.
The Template Manager: Styles screen was introduced in Joomla! 1.6. It allows you to manage template styles which you can then apply to your Joomla! installation. You can specify the default style to be applied to web pages in the public and administrator interfaces. You can also configure different styles for the various menu item web pages on your site. Styles allow to you have multiple different configurations of a template saved and then apply them on a site-wide or per-page basis.
Column Headers
Click on the column heading to sort the list by that column's value.
- Checkbox: Check this box to select one or more items. To select all items, check the box in the column heading. After one or more boxes are checked, click a toolbar button to take an action on the selected item or items. Many toolbar actions, such as Publish and Unpublish, can work with multiple items. Others, such as Edit, only work on one item at a time. If multiple items are checked and you press Edit, the first item will be opened for editing.</translate>
- Style. The style name. The default style that is installed with a new template will have '-Default' at the end of its name.
- Location. Whether the style is a public front-end or an administrator back-end style. 'Site' means it is a public front-end style. 'Administrator' means it is an administrator back-end style.
- Template. The name of the template which the style was derived from.
- Default. Whether or not the style is the default applied to pages which do not have a specific style configured. A gold star means the style is the default. There can be only one default style set for locations.
- Assigned. Whether or not the template is configured on a web page. A green circle with a white check mark in it means the style is being used on at least one web page of your site.
- ID. This is a unique identification number for this item assigned automatically by Joomla!. It is used to identify the item internally, and you cannot change this number. When creating a new item, this field displays 0 until you save the new entry, at which point a new ID is assigned to it.</translate>
List Filters
Filter by Partial Title
You can filter the list of items by typing in part of the Title or the ID number.
<translate> Column Filtering</translate>
<translate> Above the column headers on the right, there are 2 drop down input fields, one to Sort Table by: and a number to display.</translate>
[[Image:Help30-Components-Banners-Clients-filter-client-ordering-numbers-<translate> en</translate>.png]]
Filter by Location and Template
In the upper right area, above the column headings, there are two drop-down list boxes as shown below:
The selections may be combined. Only items matching all selections will be displayed in the list.
- Select Location. The location the template is used in - Site or Administrator.
- Select Template. The template which the style is derived from.
Number of Items to Display
Below the list you'll find:
Chunk30:Help screen list Display Count
At the top right you will see the toolbar:
The functions are:
- Make Default. Makes the selected template style the default.
- Edit. Opens the editing screen for the selected contact. If more than one contact is selected (where applicable), only the first contact will be opened. The editing screen can also be opened by clicking on the Title or Name of the contact.</translate>
- Duplicate: Makes a copy of the selected template style. The copy is created immediately and is given the same name as the original but prefixed with "Copy of" and/or suffixed with a number (eg. "(2)") so that it can be distinguished from the original and any other copies.</translate>
- Delete: Deletes the selected template styles. Works with one or multiple template styles selected.</translate>
- Options. Opens the Options window where settings such as default parameters can be edited.</translate>
- Help. Opens this help screen.</translate>
Click the Options button to open the Template Manager Options window which lets you configure this component.
Buttons Common to All Tabs
Chunk30:Buttons Chunk30:Buttons Chunk30:Buttons
Templates Tab
- Preview Module Positions. Enables the preview of the module positions in the template by appending tp=1 to the web address. Also enables the Preview button in the list of templates.
Permissions Tab
Chunk30:Help screen component options permissions intro
Chunk30:Help screen component options permissions columns intro
Chunk30:Help screen component options permissions columns admin Chunk30:Help screen component options permissions columns manage Chunk30:Help screen component options permissions columns create Chunk30:Help screen component options permissions columns delete Chunk30:Help screen component options permissions columns edit Chunk30:Help screen component options permissions columns edit state
<translate> For more information, please refer to:</translate> <translate>
Toolbar Links
At the top left, above the Filter, you will see the following two links:
- Styles. This link takes you to the screen you are currently on.
- Templates. Click this link to go to the Template Manager: Templates screen.
Quick Tips
- If you want to use the same Style for all of the pages on your site, you just assign one style as the Default. You can also assign different Styles to different pages.
Related Information
- To edit installed templates: Template Manager: Templates


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Who doesn't love a great pair of heels? This new crop of stylish heels round out your fall ensembles perfectly. From rich fall hues to prints to the ever-versatile "new neutrals", these standout heels are completely spot on with this season's must-have trends.
1. Anne Klein Pancho, 2. Ivanka Trump Aliza, 3. Vince Camuto Zella, 4. Paul Green Nadia, 5. Nine West Jeneil, 6. Circa Joan & David Atlee


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Yamaha Fuel Pump Assembly
Fuel Pump Assemblies for Yamaha engines
Does this fit a 97 150 v6?
It doesn't look like this fits for your year, but we can only confirm by cross referencing OEM number. Give us a call with your model number and we can look at what we offer. 1-800-914-1123.
1993 Model P115TLRR, SERIAL NO 6E5-060374. DOES THIS FUEL PUMP FIT?
Based on that model number your OEM number is 6E5-24410-03-00 and that cross references with that part. So yes that will work for your engine.
Yes, this fuel pump is compatible with your engine based on the information you have provided.
Is this the correct fuel pump for SX200TXRB manufactured 11/02 ?
Yes this is what is called for your engine. Your OEM number is 67H-13907-00-00 and that's what this cross references with.
Is this pump an equivalent to Quicksilver 808505t01?
No this is a replacement pump for certain Yamaha engines.
Will this fit a 92 nissan 40hp outboard ns40c?
No this works for Yamaha engines only. We don't have a fuel pump replacement for Nissans at this time.
This product ships in 1 to 2 business days.
Add to Cart and enter your Postal Code to determine the shipping charges and estimated delivery date.
Most products and orders leave our warehouse in 1 business day. However, select items may take more processing time. Alaska and Hawaii orders please add 1 additional warehouse processing day.
Standard Shipping Policies


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Social Media Bootcamp Course at Vol State
Submitted on March 28, 2013 at 2:16 PM
The Social media world can seem like a maze if you haven't tried to use it yet for business marketing. Volunteer State Community College Continuing Education has a non-credit bootcamp course that can help you learn the basics in one day. The eight-hour bootcamp will include hands-on training for social media and marketing tools for business. Participants will learn the purpose and function of Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, YouTube, blogging, how to include webinars and podcasts, and new sites like Pinterest and Instagram. This will include the best ways to engage readers, how to develop a listening strategy, tools for measurement, how to capture business or find employees, and additional tools and resources around each platform. The bootcamp session will enable attendees to take back tangible working information to apply to their social media campaign.
The one-day course runs from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. and will be conducted twice this spring: April 26 and May 17. There is a $135 fee for the class. Visit www.volstate.edu/CE and click on "course registration" to register.
A service provided by the Office of Public Relations.


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May 5, 2016
RALEIGH, N.C. (AP) -- Gov. Pat McCrory has completed his replacement of the entire North Carolina Alcoholic Beverage Control Commission.
McCrory announced Friday that Kevin Green of Greensboro and Joel Keith of Wake Forest have joined the three-member board, which regulates how alcohol is sold and distributed in the state.
The two join former Lt. Gov. Jim Gardner of Rocky Mount, who was named commission chairman last week by the new governor.
Green is a real estate agent previously serving in regional and state Realtor leadership roles. Keith is police chief for the state Agriculture Department and previously served as president of the North Carolina Association of ABC Boards.
Copyright 2016 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


text: Quick View save 20% 70802 LEGO MOVIE Bad Cop's Pursuit by LEGO® $39.95 $31.96 In stock online It's high-speed action as Bad Cop chases Emmet along the train tracks in his flying police car. Flip out the lasers under Bad Cop's car hood and unleash the laser cannons hidden underneath the doors. Watch out for the collapsing train bridge! There's double trouble as Bad Cop fires his new blaster… See Details was


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Halloween should be all about the children, so make sure that their costumes are complete by finishing them off with one of our child wigs. No matter whether they are trying to be scary or cute, we have the wigs that will make them whatever they want to be. There are several different options for several different costumes, so finish them off with the perfect wig. Many of the girls costumes, such as princesses, aren't complete without adding a cute wig to the piece. These wigs normally feature braids, neon coloring, or odd hairdos that just aren't plausible without the use of one of our wigs. Whether you're creating an original outfit or replicating a character, you're sure to find the perfect wig in the set.
Monster High Draculaura Wig Child
Biblical Wig and Beard Child Set
Child's Strawberry Shortcake Wig
Women's Economy Black Afro Wig
The Little Mermaid Princess Ariel Kids Wig
Child Ever After High Madeline Hatter Wig
Rainbow Dash My Little Pony Wig
Monster High Clawdeen Wolf Wig Child
Avengers 2 Black Widow Girl's Wig
Economy White Colonial Wig for Boys
Children's Monster High Rochelle Goyle Wig
Doll Curls Blue and Purple Teen Wig
Monster High Frankie Stein Wig Child
Boys wigs are the exact same way. Several of these characters that they'd like to create have hairstyles that need a wig to be done. Whether he is growing his hair out to become a pirate or making it jet black so he can be a vampire, the choices are here. No one will believe he's a monster without putting on all of the special accessories like wigs. The clothing alone won't do the trick. Make sure all of the children are going to have a fun time this Halloween and start with the costume. It's not complete until you add all the props that make it look just as the character is supposed to.


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(Sports Network) - Los Angeles Clippers teammates Chris Paul and Blake Griffin
were selected as starters for the Western Conference All-Star game and will
continue to prep for next month's festivities, beginning with Saturday's
matchup versus the Washington Wizards at Staples Center.
Paul has missed the last three games with a bruised right kneecap, but is
listed as questionable for tonight's event. He is second on the team with 16.8
points and first with 9.7 assists. Paul said it was an honor to have Griffin
alongside him for the All-Star game.
"It's great. It is unbelievable, especially to be a starter with one of your
teammates," Paul said. "That doesn't happen too often. It makes it more
exciting that you have somebody that you can experience it with."
Griffin leads the Clippers with 17.8 ppg and had the same All-Star sentiment
as Paul, saying "it's a lot of fun" to share the honor with a teammate.
The Clippers have won all three games Paul has missed recently and six of
seven overall, including Thursday's 90-77 victory at Minnesota behind another
strong performance from top reserve Jamal Crawford. Crawford, a former Sixth
Man of the Year and third on L.A. with 16.7 ppg, scored 22 points and dished
out three assists. He is averaging 19.3 ppg in his last six games played.
"We needed these three wins, especially with CP3 out," said Griffin, who
recorded 20 points. "The other guys stepped up and did a good job."
Ronny Turiaf and Matt Barnes contributed 11 and 10 points, respectively, off
the bench for the Pacific-leading Clippers, who will try to improve on their
dominant 18-4 home record Saturday night. Los Angeles had a 13-game home
winning streak stopped Jan. 12 versus Orlando.
Washington pulled off a tremendous upset on Friday night when it marched into
Denver and escaped with a 112-108 victory. It was only the second road win of
the season for the Wizards, while the Nuggets had been tied with the San
Antonio Spurs for fewest home losses with two.
"This team was 15-2 at home, so it was really tough to come in here and win,"
said Bradley Beal, who led the Wizards with 23 points. "This is a great team
and it shows we're capable of competing and beating anybody."
John Wall had 14 points and 12 assists and the team is 3-1 with him since he
returned to the lineup after a knee injury.
Kevin Seraphin netted 18 points and Trevor Ariza added 14. Martell Webster and
Emeka Okafor tallied 10 points apiece.
The Clippers have won seven straight against the Wizards and Washington is 1-7
in its last eight on the road in this series.
The Sports Network


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Emperor penguin
Emperor penguins with young in a breeding colony. Source: NOAA/Giuseppe Zibordi
The Emperor penguin (scientific name: Aptenodytes forsteri G. R. Gray, 1844) is one of seventeen species of flightless birds in the family of penguins, and with the King penguin forms the genus Aptenodytes or "Great penguins".
Source: Rebeca Zapata Guardiola/WoRMS/Encyclopedia of Life
Conservation Status
Scientific Classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Like all penguins, the Emperor penguin is characterized by its erect posture, stiff wings, excellent swimming ability, awkward movement out of water, and coloring. The black back and white front, make penguins difficult to see when swimming, blending against the sea from above and the sky from below.
Physical Description
Emperor penguins are strikingly colored, with deep black feathers dorsally, including the head, chin, throat, back, dorsal part of the wings (flippers), and tail. This dark coloration fades to a brownish color as it becomes worn, between December and February. The belly is satin white from the upper breast to venter and including the underparts of the wings. Auricular patches are bright yellow at the head, fading to a less vivid yellow as the patch meets the white breast feathers. The upper mandible is black and the lower mandible is pink, orange, or lilac colored. Males and females are similar in size and coloration throughout the year. Immature Emperor penguins are similar in size and coloration to adults, except that their auricular patches, chin, and throat are white. Chicks are covered with silvery-grey downy feathers with a black head and distinctive white eye and cheek patches. Adults weigh from 22 to 37 kg, depending on where they are in the reproductive cycle, as both males and females lose substantial portions of their mass while incubating eggs and tending to hatchlings. They stand up to about 115 cm.
Emperor penguins travel to colonial nesting areas in March to early April, when pair formation and breeding occurs.
Emperor penguins are monogamous during each breeding season. Although most individuals form a new pair bond with a new individual each year, one study found that 14.6% of pairs in one year were re-formed the next year, and 4.9% in the third year. Males arrive at the nesting site shortly before females and begin to display to attract females. There is an unequal sex ratio in Emperor penguins, with more females than males (at one site 39.5% males, 60.5% females). This unequal sex ratio leads to intense competition for mates among females. Males use the "ecstatic" display to attract females - in which they stand still, let the head fall to the chest, inhales, gives a courtship call, and holds his position for a few seconds before moving on to another position. Courtship calls are characterized by repeated syllables separated by silent periods, and are performed by both sexes. Calls are highly variable among individuals and serve a critical role in individual recognition.
In May or early June a single, large (460 to 470 g) egg is laid and is passed from the female parent's feet to the male parent's feet for incubation. Females then return to their foraging areas until the end of incubation. All egg laying and hatching is highly synchronous in colonies. Parental protection of eggs and hatchlings is critical, as incubation and brooding occurs during the depths of the Antarctic winter in some of the most severe and frigid conditions on earth. Exposure of eggs and hatchlings to the cold can result in rapid death. Chicks grow rapidly , fledgling at about 50% of adult mass. Most Emperor penguins make their first return to the nesting colony at about 4 years old, but age at first breeding is usually 5 to 6 years in males and 5 years in females.
Males are solely responsible for incubating the eggs, a period of about 64 days. Females invest significant portions of energy into egg laying and leave to forage soon after. When the eggs begin to hatch, females return to take over brooding and feeding of the hatchling. Males can feed the hatchlings with an esophageal secretion for up to 10 days after hatching, if the female hasn't returned. At this point males have been fasting for about 115 days. Males and females then alternate brooding responsibilities with foraging trips for 45 to 50 days after hatching. Males and females regurgitate food for the young from these foraging trips. As the chicks grow the frequency of foraging trips by both parents increases, as the area of open water comes closer to the colony during the Antarctic summer. Young Emperor penguins then form large creches of chicks until they leave the nesting area, at about 150 days old, in December to early January. At this point they have been abandoned by their parents and have not yet begun to molt their downy feathers. By the time they reach open water foraging areas they have nearly completed their molt.
Average longevity for Emperor penguins has been estimated at 19.9 years. At least 19.1% of young survive their first year and 95.1% of adults are estimated to survive from year to year.
Emperor penguins are social animals, both foraging and nesting in groups. Nesting occurs in large colonies, where only small areas around individuals are defended during good weather. In severe weather individuals huddle together for protection. They may be active at any time of the day or night. Reproducing adults travel throughout most of the year between the nesting area and foraging areas in the ocean. All Emperor penguins disperse into the oceans from January to March each year, traveling and foraging in groups. Emperor penguins are excellent swimmers, reaching speeds up to 3.4 meters per second. On land they move with a shuffling gait or propel themselves along the ground by pushing with their feet and sliding on their bellies. During the beginning of the Antarctic winter, in March and April, all mature Emperor penguins travel to colonial nesting areas, often walking 50 to 120 km from the edge of the pack ice. Emperor penguins do not maintain home ranges.
Emperor penguins use a complex set of vocalizations that are critical in individual recognition between mates and parents and offspring. Their calls are known for using two frequency bands simultaneously, a "two-voice" system. Aside from the mate attraction and recognition calls described above, Emperor penguins use contact calls to maintain contact with conspecifics during feeding or travel. Chicks use a frequency-modulated whistle to beg for food and to contact a parent. Physical displays are also used to communicate among conspecifics. An appeasement posture, where the flippers are held slightly out and the bill is raised, is used to avoid aggression when moving through the colony. It is unknown how Emperor penguins perceive prey, as they can dive to depths of 400 to 450 meters in pursuit of prey, depths at which there is little to no light.
Emperor penguins are restricted to the cold waters of the Antarctic. Their terrestrial range is limited to the fast ice, continental shelf, and surrounding islands between 66 and 78 degrees south latitude.
Emperor penguins forage exclusively in the cold waters of the Antarctic, with rare individuals being found further north than 65 degrees South. They breed almost exclusively on stable pack ice near coastal areas and up to 18 km offshore. Only two, small breeding colonies are known to occur on land. Breeding colonies usually occur in sheltered areas, where ice cliffs and icebergs protect the site from the harshest of winds.
Antarctic giant petrels (Macronectes giganteus) and Antarctic skuas (Catharacta maccormicki) are the primary predators of chicks in colonies, taking from 7% to 34% of young. Leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) take young when they enter the sea after moulting and adults (0.5% of breeding population during November and December in one study). Adults are also taken by killer whales (Orca orcinus). Little is known about specific anti-predatory adaptations, although Emperor penguins probably use their speed and agility in the water to escape some predation and may be warned of predators by group members.
Ecosystem Roles
Emperor penguins are important members of the Antarctic ecosystem. They are predators of small Actinopterygii, Cephalopoda, and Crustacea and are, in turn, important prey for larger predators such as leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) and large Chondrichthyes.
Food Habits
Emperor penguins eat primarily Crustacea, Actinopterygii, and Cephalopoda. The proportions of prey they take vary seasonally and geographically, depending on the abundance of prey in the area. Crustaceans eaten are primarily amphipods (Amphipoda) or from the family Euphausiidae (krill), making up to 75% of the diet in some areas. Cephalopods eaten include Psychroteuthis glacialis, Alluroteuthis antarcticus, and Kondakovia longimana. Fish prey include Gymndraco acuticeps, Pleuragramma antarcticum, Trematomus eulepidotus, other Trematomus species, Pagothenia species, Notolepis coatsi, Electrona antarctica, and fish in the family Channichthyidae.
Emperor penguins search for prey in the open water of the Southern Ocean or in ice-free polynyas (an area of open water) and tidal cracks in pack ice. They have been recorded diving to depths of 400 to 450 meters and traveling 150 to 1000 km in a single foraging trip.
Conservation Status
Emperor penguins are not considered endangered and are not currently protected under international or regional laws. In areas where reliable population counts have been conducted, the evidence suggests that populations are stable. However, some colonies have not been monitored consistently and human disturbance may result in declines in breeding populations. Estimates of population sizes (as of 1995) were 195,400 breeding pairs, or a total population size of 400,000 to 450,000.
Research on the extraordinary abilities of Emperor penguins to withstand extreme cold, and to successfully reproduce under those conditions, can help humans to understand and appreciate the evolution of these incredible adaptations.
Source: Martin Rauschert/WoRMS/Enclclopedia of Life
Source: Martin Rauschert/WoRMS/Enclclopedia of Life
Source: Eric Woehler/WoRMS/Enclclopedia of Life
Source: Eric Woehler/WoRMS/Enclclopedia of Life
Source: Martin Rauschert/WoRMS/Enclclopedia of Life
Source: Martin Rauschert/WoRMS/Enclclopedia of Life
Content Source: Wikimedia Commons
Further Reading
- Aptenodytes forsteri G. R. Gray, 1844 Encyclopedia of Life (accessed March 26, 2009)
- [www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2009/ Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2009 Annual Checklist]. Bisby FA, Roskov YR, Orrell TM, Nicolson D, Paglinawan LE, Bailly N, Kirk PM, Bourgoin T, Baillargeon G., eds (2009), Species 2000: Reading, UK.
- Aptenodytes forsteri Dewey, T. 1999. The Animal Diversity Web (online).(accessed March 26, 2009)
- Emperor Penguin International Penguin Conservation Work Group (accessed March 26, 2009)
- Emperor Penguin BirdLife International (accessed March 26, 2009)
- WoRMS, World Registry of Marine Species (accessed March 26, 2009)
- IUCN Red List (accessed March 26, 2009)
- Global Register of Migratory Species (accessed March 26, 2009)


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© ETRADE Australia Securities Ltd (trading as "E*TRADE Australia") 2014 ACN 078 174 973 AFSL No. 238277. ETRADE Australia Securities Limited is an ASX and Chi-X Australia market participant, an ASX Clear participant and an ASX Settlement participant.
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Thomas Warren, wtop.com
WASHINGTON – Fairfax County will be holding several meetings over the next few weeks to find out what residents think about the county's transportation needs, in an effort to fill a projected $3 billion deficit for transportation system upgrades over the next ten years.
The price tag for road improvements in the county is $8.1 billion, with $5 billion in revenue expected to be generated during the ten year span, according to county officials.
A breakdown of possible revenue sources by the county shows that a sales tax on services would pay the most dividends, raising $367.5 million annually.
The county's Board of Supervisors has yet to decide if additional funding would be allocated to transportation.
The board, along with the Transportation Advisory Committee, will hold nine public meetings before making their final decision on the issue.
The first meeting is scheduled for Monday, Sept. 24 at 7 p.m. at the Springfield Governmental Center. See a full list of the meetings here
Roadway extensions, repairs to a series of intersections, and developing new bike lanes are some of the projects that would be addressed.
The Fairfax Times reports, state funding has not gone towards secondary road construction since fiscal year 2010.
Follow WTOP on Twitter.
(Copyright 2012 by WTOP. All Rights Reserved.)
Recipes that will make your mouth water.


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(thanks to Gearcrave for letting me know about this story)
The Threadless saga continues and all things they touch continue to turn to gold, like these limited edition Timbuktu bags. All the bags are silkscreened with beautiful designs and limited to 200 pieces, very unique and striking and even better with a matching t-shirt.
The New England design geniuses at Gluekit put this design together for this Timbuktu bag and matching T-Shirt from Threadless (Apart from the awesome bag and shirt I highly recommend you check out their site as well for some great graphics and "best use of audio in web navigation" IMHO).
The design from Julia Sonmi Heglund is also a graphic treat as well titled Believe It, check out the bag here and the T-Shirt from Threadless here. Totally worth exploring her site for more graphic goodness as well, fabulous stuff, she has had several previous winners on Threadless.
Robert Hardgrave's design is called Gossamer, check out the bag here and the T-Shirt here. Check out Roberts blog at Farmerbobsfarm.com for more of his amazing artwork.


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Pescia is a wonderful printmaking paper with a creamy smooth surface for stone lithography, etchings, woodcuts, or silkscreen, as well as drawing, charcoal, or pastel work.
Sold by the sheet, Magnani Pescia Paper is mouldmade in Italy from 100% cotton. It is chlorine-free, with neutral pH. Each sheet has two natural deckles and two cut sides. 300 gsm.
Color Chart Note — Use this color chart as an approximation of the real color. If exact color matching is necessary, use actual samples of the materials.
Handling Charge — When ordering sheets of paper or board larger than
® Magnani is a registered trademark.


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The beautiful city of Austin, is the center of attention of Lead411 activity as the list of Hottest Companies in Austin have been rolled out.
Every year, the team at Lead411 goes through an extensive selection of business articles, press releases, company launches, funding news, and much more to spot the most innovative tech companies in a certain region. This particular list was narrowed down to 31 from a selection of 435 dynamic organizations.


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Watershed Geography
Both the North Wyaconda River and South Wyaconda River begin in Davis County, Iowa, just south of Bloomfield (Figure Lo01). They flow in a southeasterly direction for approximately 45 miles before they join, forming the Wyaconda River. The river continues to flow in the same direction for 47 miles, where it enters the Mississippi River north of La Grange, Missouri at river mile 337. Seventy-three percent of the watershed is within Missouri, which drains portions of Clark, Lewis, and Scotland counties. The basin is only 5 to 8 miles wide along its 70 mile length. Major tributaries (3rd order or larger) to the Wyaconda River include the Little Wyaconda, Sugar Creek, Ramsey Branch, Little Sugar Creek, Crooked Creek, Hickory Creek, Derrahs Branch, and one unnamed tributary. Major tributaries to the North Wyaconda River include Billups Branch and three unnamed tributaries. The South Wyaconda River has three major tributaries including Allen Creek and two unnamed tributaries.
Watershed Area
The basin drains 458 square miles (293,120 acres), of which 336 square miles (215,040 acres) lie within Missouri. Both the North Wyaconda River and South Wyaconda River drain approximately 80 square miles each, composing 38% of the basin in total. The Wyaconda River is the only fifth order stream within the basin.
Stream Orders
Streams were identified on USGS 7.5-minute topographic maps and ordered according to Strahler (1957). There are 18 third-order and larger streams within the basin (Table Lo01). The Wyaconda River is the largest (fifth-order) and longest (47 miles) stream within the basin. The North, South, Little Wyaconda and Sugar Creek are the only fourth-order streams within the basin. All remaining streams are third-order or smaller.


text: Real Talk: How Do Women Know They're In Love 5 years ago by Jennifer Wright 14 Comments » Share a Tip Reese Witherspoon's character couldn't tell if she was in love. That was dumb. Here's how you know. Real Talk: How Do Men Know They're In Love? Share This Post: Tweet Related Topics: Love Sex & Dating • Love • Lust • Reese-Witherspoon • Romance


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March 10, 2011
Justin Johnson
GatorBait.net has already provided extensive coverage of Florida's first two Junior Days of the 2012 recruiting cycle. Now, with the next big recruiting event a scheduled Jr. Day during spring practice, still a week away, it is time to unveil our top pre-spring targets position by position in our Five to Follow series.Up today are the defensive ends/outside linebackers. ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now!
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text: K-Gr 3--Each of these approachable volumes begins with an explanation of the scientific method to get young scientists started out on the right foot. Experiments include an opening question to consider, a list of materials, safety symbols, step-by-step instructions illustrated with clear photographs, and a well-written summary. The experiments, which are outlined on one spread, are simple without being boring. For example, students can create a simple jet (Balloons), turn soap into salt (Bubbles), and make multi-colored flowers (Plants).[Page 113]. (c) Copyright 2010. Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted.


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Learning From the Rest of the World
Published in News You Can Use - July 2013
It's a truly global classroom out there. Time for the United States to pull up a chair.
By Siddhartha Mitter
Learner-centered pedagogy has been taken up by some international development agencies – not least as a survival strategy for teachers with sole responsibility for managing classrooms of a hundred students or more.
But it may be that the practice doesn't always transfer wholesale to other cultures.
"When you see it in action in some places, you can see things about it that are built specifically on American values and assumptions about resources," says Lesley Bartlett, TC Associate Professor of Education. "Students who aren't used to challenging a teacher's ideas won't feel comfortable with this pedagogy. Another issue is that when five or 10 kids have to share a single textbook, they can't do much independent work at home. And language policy can be a barrier, too. In Tanzania, for example, students shift from Swahili to English in secondary school, and they often have great difficulty expressing themselves in a language they're struggling to learn."
Between 2008 and 2011, Bartlett and Fran Vavrus, a former TC faculty member now at the University of Minnesota, collaborated with faculty from Tanzania's Mwenge University College of Education to improve reading and writing in secondary schools. Based on what she saw, Bartlett believes learner-centered pedagogy may need some rethinking in the United States as well.
"American schools in poorer neighborhoods often lack for textbooks and other resources," she says. And even in more affluent schools, "it's not enough to say, OK, we're all going to read a book and write a report together. Without the right management, that approach can produce very shallow learning.
"To me, that's the real value of a comparative international perspective," Bartlett adds. "We're quick to say that something discovered in one place, at one time, describes how all humans learn or act. But when we expose those theories to a broader range of human experience, we can nuance them and say, 'yes, but only under these circumstances.'"
Bartlett's conclusions come at a watershed moment in education when the readily available "range of human experience" is becoming exponentially broader. Nations such as China, India and Brazil have come to the fore as economic powers, while Singapore, Finland and South Korea are setting the pace academically. Ideas about education policy and practice, as well as actual aid, are increasingly flowing among developing nations rather than to them from wealthier countries. And in the United States, immigration has dramatically altered the composition of primary and secondary school classrooms. International students are enrolling at U.S. colleges and universities in record numbers. Meanwhile, technology increasingly bridges many divides.
"We are now endlessly encountering difference," says David Hansen, TC's John L. and Sue Ann Weinberg Professor in the Historicaland Philosophical Foundations of Education. "The idea of hiding from others has become a chimera."
But in this new era of give and take, is the United States – so long accustomed to the giving role – truly ready to take?
"In this country, we don't really teach about how we can learn from other nations," says Gita Steiner-Khamsi, Chair of TC's Department of International and Transcultural Studies, who is Iranian by birth, Swiss by upbringing and a U.S. citizen by naturalization. "The U.S. is just not that interested in what's going on around the world."
From its earliest days, Teachers College has stood as an exception to that rule. John Dewey and James Earl Russell were heavily influenced by European thinkers like Friedrich Frobel and Johann Pestalozzi. The ideas of Dewey, the iconic TC philosopher, shaped the modern classroom as a place of hands-on exploration; Russell, TC's first dean, taught the world's first course in comparative and international education.
Beginning in 1923, the College's International Institute sent faculty to study education systems in countries around the world. The Institute initiated the creation of the International Education Library – collections of textbooks and other materials from other nations, which are kept today in TC's Gottesman Libraries. The Institute also granted scholarships for study abroad and served as a powerful draw for international students coming to TC, who numbered more than 1,200 by the beginning of the Depression. At one point, the College's international student population included roughly one-fifth of all Chinese education students in the United States.
Yet even at TC, knowledge tended to flow outward.
"A lot of projects were like a wholesale transfer to other countries of what worked here," says Steiner-Khamsi. "Wherever there were Americans, it was about exporting student-centered learning, associations, decentralization – all the things associated with American democracy." One TC engagement was a 25-year effort in Afghanistan that beginning in 1954 produced curricula, textbooks and the country's first generation of education professors. Another was Teachers for East Africa, which provided Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda with educators as those countries transitioned from colonial rule to independence during the early 1960s.
Today, TC continues to serve countries around the world, but its operating philosophy has changed.
"We approach international collaboration as precisely that – a process in which the goal is to work with clients to develop solutions to their needs rather than imposing our ideas and values," says Thomas Corcoran, Vice President of International Affairs. Much of that work has focused on providing professional development for teachers and principals – efforts that have benefited from TC's relationship with Columbia's Global Centers nine countries.
"Working with Columbia is ideal for us, because our goal isn't to create TC campuses or outposts around the world," Corcoran says. "Instead, we want to bring our expertise to bear where it can be helpful, and also create opportunities for our faculty and students to conduct research and glean insights that will enrich the College and American schooling in general."
It was through Columbia, for example, that the Consortium for Policy Research in Education (CPRE) at TC helped set up the Queen Rania Teacher Academy in Jordan, where it has since worked with Jordan's Ministry of Education to reshape teacher preparation and provide specific instruction to hundreds of teachers in mathematics, science and the teaching of English. Far from an act of linguistic imperialism, the latter effort addresses Jordan's stated need to equip a new generation of young people with the world's lingua franca for commerce and other fields. CPRE-TC is helping with similar professional development efforts in Mexico, the Palestinian territories, Poland and Thailand.
In fact, aid efforts by TC increasingly guide recipients in crafting solutions. In Pakistan, Steiner-Khamsi is leading a USAID-funded effort to create two-year associate and four-year bachelor's teaching degrees. Nearly 6,000 Pakistani students, policymakers and faculty members from 75 colleges and 22 universities will participate in the project's activities.
"We need a strong civil society here in Pakistan that is safe and secure. We cannot produce that without good education," Mahmood Ul Hasan Butt, Pakistan's Chief of Party for the Preservice Teacher Education Program of the USAID Teacher Education Project, told The Christian Science Monitor in June 2012. "From John Dewey onwards, Teachers College has been the leader of the progressive education movement. As an institution, it has historically asked questions such as, 'How do we think?' and 'What is the scientific method of solving problems?' So we came to the mecca of educational reforms."
To Sharon Lynn Kagan, TC's Marx Professor of Early Childhood and Family Policy, honoring that kind of trust entails respecting not only the wishes but also the values of international colleagues while still delivering guidance that is grounded in research. That was the challenge Kagan faced while working with UNICEF to help more than 40 of the world's poorest nations develop early childhood learning standards. The aim was to enable each nation to adapt research on early childhood education to its own cultural, geographic and sociological contexts.
"We have to be very careful as one of the largest and arguably the most powerful country in the world not to impose our values and our context in these nations that have very different approaches and very different political lives," Kagan says. "Here we separate church and state, but when I'm working in a country like Jordan, religion must be part of the curriculum – it absolutely must be, there's no question about that. So, you've got to step back from your conventional beliefs."
Yet Americans don't tend to do that, perhaps in part because at the most basic level – our primary and secondary schools – "we don't instill a sense of appreciation for other cultures," David Hansen says.
For example, many U.S. schools teach units devoted to world civilizations or the culture and history of foreign countries – but the effect is still analogous to the famous Saul Steinberg cartoon lampooning a New Yorker's view of the world, with two avenues in Manhattan filling most of the map, and Russia, China and Japan appearing as tiny slivers just west of New Jersey.
"Children in New York City should obviously have in-depth experience of the history of the city and its terrain," Hansen says. "But the ideal cosmopolitan curriculum would also mean, for example, not just a China unit in a world history course, but an immersive experience in China that extends over the entire course of middle or secondary school."
American reactions to the International Baccalaureate (I.B.) program reflect this country's deeper ambivalence toward internationalism. More than 1,400 U.S. schools, most of them public, now offer curricula developed by the I.B., an international foundation based in Geneva whose mission is "to create a better and more peaceful world through intercultural understanding and respect." These curricula, originally created for expatriate children in different countries, equip students to attend top-ranked universities like Harvard, Oxford and Cambridge. Yet in the United States, there has been a backlash against the I.B. among some who mistakenly assume the courses import "foreign content" that threatens American values.
Similar issues play out around the teaching of foreign languages. There is growing interest in economically "hot" languages such as Chinese, which is offered in some 1,600 schools across the country. Chinese has become the nation's third most-tested language, after Spanish and French, at the advanced placement level. The field of second-language acquisition has seen the rise of methods such as task-based language teaching – for example, learning to read a Chinese train schedule for an actual or hypothetical trip, which "accommodates learning as it happens naturally," says ZhaoHong Han, Professor of Language and Education.
But Han says this approach has yet to be generalized into the teaching of Spanish and other, less traditional foreign languages in the United States. Meanwhile, in the view of experts at TC, language policy for children who grow up in non-English-speaking households took a wrong turn in the 1980s, moving away from bilingual approaches to an English-only emphasis.
"Children need access to all the resources they have in order to learn, and their home languages are a major resource, because you build on what you know in order to learn what you do not know," say Maria Torres-Guzman, Professor of Bilingual Education. "I also see bilingual education as a very important thing for language-dominant and mainstream populations, because it gives them the resources to learn about new worlds and to become more flexible. Unfortunately, a lot of the anti-bilingual education sentiment is tied very closely to anti-immigrant feelings, particularly in an uncertain economy."
No one is complaining about the economic returns on the international student population at American colleges and universities, which surged from about 548,000 in 2000 to nearly 765,000 in 2011. But there are concerns about how the visitors are interacting with American students and professors.
"We are not ready for them, and they are not ready for us," says Xiaodong Lin, Associate Professor of Technology and Education, who studies issues in trans-cultural collaboration.
Recent studies bear her out. Many international students complain that they are unable to form close ties with their American classmates and instead socialize and collaborate mostly with one another. The larger the international student population, the greater the risk of such "enclaving," says Lin.
"The problem can only be resolved by both parties working together to understand each other's values and practices," she says. Lin is currently researching strategies that call for hosts and visitors alike to make their values explicit in order to enhance understanding.
Samantha Lu, Director of TC's Office of International Services, believes that American students need cross-cultural orientation as much their visiting international peers.
"U.S. students need to be encouraged to learn about the world and to participate in a study abroad program in college," Lu says. "Certainly faculty at institutions such as TC should include a component of internationalization in their courses, but the process really needs to begin during the K—12 years."
For now, the market may be the strongest force driving the internationalization of education – and forcing American educators, in particular, to contend with other cultures. That is, if you want your kids to find a job in what may well turn out to be the Chinese century, then make sure they study Chinese.
Hansen sees the benefits of such pressures, but urges keeping larger education goals in mind.
"The aim is not just to become better capitalists," he says. "Teaching languages, opening the curriculum, isn't just a means to an economic end. It's a formative process that has everything to do with what kind of culture we're going to be."
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Take a class this summer with Vol State Continuing Education
Submitted on April 19, 2011 at 9:23 AM
Summer is a great time to catch up on your reading or start a new hobby. It can also be an opportunity to take a class for fun or personal enrichment. The Volunteer State Community College Division of Continuing Education has many non-credit classes to choose from this summer.
Courses coming up in May and June include: Excel, Word 2007, Latin Dance, Ballroom Dance, Zumba, Personal Trainer Certification, Retirement Planning, Cake Decorating, Handgun Safety, Digital Photography and Instant Piano for Busy People. In July continuing education will have a Group Fitness Certification course.
Business people who want to make their operations more efficient and productive should consider Six Sigma training courses from the Business and Industry Institute at Vol State. There are a number of levels offered this summer including Lean Six Sigma Black Belt and Six Sigma Green Belt.
For a complete list of all classes, including times and dates visit the Continuing Education website. Registration for all classes can start online at www.volstate.edu/ContinuingEd or by calling 615-230-3358.
A service provided by the Office of Public Relations.


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The Grey King is an unseen character in Game of Thrones. He is deceased when the series begins and only appears in some of the "The Complete Guide to Westeros" featurettes. The Grey King is a legendary ironborn King of the Iron Islands. House Greyjoy of Pyke claims descent from him.[1]
Blessed by the Drowned God, the Grey King was said to have waged war against the Storm God himself and slain Nagga, the first sea dragon, using its bones to build his hall. Legend has it that he also took a mermaid as his wife and lived for a thousand years.[2]
In the books
The books give more detail about the Grey King's life. He reigned for a thousand years with a mermaid as his wife and plotted his war against the Storm God. He supposedly wore robes of woven seaweed and a tall pale crown made from Nagga's teeth. From Nagga's bones he made his hall, the Grey King's Hall, which he heated with Nagga's living fire. When the Grey King died, the Storm God snuffed out the fire and the sea stole his throne. Only his hall remains.
His name follows the British spelling "grey" (as does Greyjoy), which is less common than "gray" in American English, but still used.
See also
Legendary Figures
Garth Greenhand · First King · Florian & Jonquil · The Grey King · The Griffin King · Joramun · Lann the Clever
The Night's King & the Night's Queen · The Rat Cook · God-on-Earth · The Prince That Was Promised


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Marta Full of Grace
this wiki
- "People, they're gonna love you but they're gonna hate you even more."
- ―Elizabeta Torres
Marta Full of Grace is a mission in The Lost and Damned. It is given by Elizabeta Torres to Johnny Klebitz.
When you arrive at Elizabeta's apartment you'll be treated to another cutscene. In this one, Johnny asks Liz why the convoy you attacked in the previous mission, Heavy Toll, had to be hit hard. Elizabeta proclaims that as the boss, large numbers of casualties come with it. Johnny says she should try to limit such casualties, which propels Liz into a short life story about why she's justified in using extreme violence. Afterwards, Liz talks to her drug mule Marta, who's just arrived in Liberty City from Puerto Rico internally carrying a large amount of drugs in tied condoms. Liz asks Johnny to go to Francis International Airport in Dukes in order to pick up Marta.
Mission objectives
In order to complete the mission the player must:
- Go to the airport and pick up the drug mule
- Clear the area of all cops so you can get Marta to safety
- You have picked up Marta. Lose the cops
- Take the drug mule to Elizabeta
Drive to the airport. Make sure you have some armor and call Terry and Clay for backup.
Unfortunately, when you arrive, you'll find she's been discovered by a FIB agent, intent on forcing her to give him blowjobs back at the office. Johnny approaches the two and asks the woman if she's Marta. When she responds positively, he knees the federal agent in the groin and runs behind some cover with Marta in tow. From here, you'll need to eliminate the police, FIB, and NOOSE officers that've appeared. Use the Assault Shotgun. Once they're all laid to waste, you'll have a 3-star wanted level and a ton of police on your tail, including a pesky helicopter. Evade the police and you'll be told to bring Marta to Elizabeta's place in Bohan. During the trip, Marta tries to talk to Johnny, however she only speaks Spanish and Johnny hardly knows any at all. Fortunately for the player, with subtitles on, you can see exactly what she's saying written in English. Once back to the safety of Liz's, Marta thanks Johnny in Spanish and the two go their separate ways.
Video Walkthrough
- The title of this mission is a reference to the movie Maria Full of Grace, which tells the similar story of a Colombian girl who takes a job as a drug mule smuggling heroin into New York.
- When matching up with the Grand Theft Auto IV and TLAD story and timelines, Elizabeta should have already been in prison during this mission.
- This mission is probably the only time when someone speaks through the loud-speakers at the FIA, despite the fact that there aren't any seen anywhere. This is similar to TLAD's final mission Get Lost, where loud speakers can be heard at the Alderney State Correctional Facility.
- This mission, the mission Bad Cop Drop, and getting a 4 to 6 star wanted level are the only ways of getting an FIB Buffalo without cheating.
- The player can destroy the Annihilator that appears to kill the player. However, if the player leaves the airport, a Police Maverick will be sent by LCPD.


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26 U.S. Code § 4671 - Imposition of tax
prev | next
(a) General rule
There is hereby imposed a tax on any taxable substance sold or used by the importer thereof.
(b) Amount of tax
(1) In general
Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amount of the tax imposed by subsection (a) with respect to any taxable substance shall be the amount of the tax which would have been imposed by section 4661 on the taxable chemicals used as materials in the manufacture or production of such substance if such taxable chemicals had been sold in the United States for use in the manufacture or production of such taxable substance.
(2) Rate where importer does not furnish information to Secretary
If the importer does not furnish to the Secretary (at such time and in such manner as the Secretary shall prescribe) sufficient information to determine under paragraph (1) the amount of the tax imposed by subsection (a) on any taxable substance, the amount of the tax imposed on such taxable substance shall be 5 percent of the appraised value of such substance as of the time such substance was entered into the United States for consumption, use, or warehousing.
(3) Authority to prescribe rate in lieu of paragraph (2) rate
The Secretary may prescribe for each taxable substance a tax which, if prescribed, shall apply in lieu of the tax specified in paragraph (2) with respect to such substance. The tax prescribed by the Secretary shall be equal to the amount of tax which would be imposed by subsection (a) with respect to the taxable substance if such substance were produced using the predominant method of production of such substance.
(c) Exemptions for substances taxed under sections 4611 and 4661
(d) Tax-free sales, etc. for substances used as certain fuels or in the production of fertilizer or animal feed
Rules similar to the following rules shall apply for purposes of applying this section with respect to taxable substances used or sold for use as described in such rules:
(1) Paragraphs (2), (5), and (9) of section 4662 (b) (relating to tax-free sales of chemicals used as fuel or in the production of fertilizer or animal feed).
(e) Termination
No tax shall be imposed under this section during any period during which the Hazardous Substance Superfund financing rate under section 4611 does not apply.
Source(Added Pub. L. 99–499, title V, § 515(a),Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1767; amended Pub. L. 99–509, title VIII, § 8032(c)(3),Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1958.)
1986—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 99–509substituted "the Hazardous Substance Superfund financing rate under section 4611 does not apply" for "no tax is imposed under section 4611 (a)".
Effective Date of 1986 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 99–509effective on commencement date as defined in former section 4611 (f)(2), see section 8032(d) ofPub. L. 99–509, set out as a note under section 4611 of this title.
Effective Date
Pub. L. 99–499, title V, § 515(c),Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1769, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this subchapter] shall take effect on January 1, 1989."
Study and Report
Pub. L. 99–499, title V, § 515(d),Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1769, provided that:
"(1) In general.—The Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate shall conduct a study of issues relating to the implementation of—
"(A) the tax imposed by the section 4671 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by this section), and
"(B) the credit for exports of taxable substances under section 4661(e)(2)(A)(ii)(II) of such Code.In conducting such study, the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate shall consult with the Environmental Protection Agency and the International Trade Commission.
"(2) Report.—The report of the study under paragraph (1) shall be submitted not later than January 1, 1988, to the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate."
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


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The story of Brewer, Maine native and Civil War Lieutenant Colonel Joshua Chamberlain is featured on MPBN Community Films. He led the 20th Maine regiment in historic battles at Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Petersburg and Five Forks.
In August of 1862, a new regiment of volunteers was being formed in Maine – the 20th Regiment. Their colonel was a West Point graduate named Adelbert Ames, already hardened by battle. Their lieutenant colonel was a little – known theology professor named Joshua Chamberlain. Using period photographs, prints, music and personal accounts, this program takes you through the Civil War battles to Appomattox where Chamberlain was chosen to represent the armies of the Potomac at the surrender.
The Film Production Company of Joshua Chamberlain and the 20th Maine was BC Productions.
The Film Producer of Joshua Chamberlain and the 20th Maine was Northeast Historic Film.
Purchase a Joshua Chamberlain and the 20th Maine DVD


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Kissimmee, FL (Sports Network) - Brandon Laird led off the ninth with a home
run and Delino DeShields Jr. scored the game-tying run on a wild pitch, as the
Houston Astros and St. Louis Cardinals played to an 8-8 tie on Friday in
spring training action.
Chris Carter clubbed a two-run blast and Brandon Barnes added a solo shot for
the Astros, who saw starter Bud Norris allow two runs on two hits and a walk
over three full frames.
Adron Chambers belted a three-run shot, while Pete Kozma and Daniel Descalso
each plated a pair of runs for the Cardinals.
St. Louis starter Joe Kelly walked two over two scoreless innings.
The Sports Network


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The right way to celebrate burgers and barbequeBy Erica Streisfeld
Happy national burger and barbeque month! I guess the food gods just couldn't decide about May, so they made it extra meaty.
Grilling with family and friends is always a crowd-pleaser, but I'll let you in on a little secret: My gas grill is broken. So while I shop for a new one, I'll let you in on the real secret: Little Black Truck.
Literally a little black truck, adorned with a pink lady decal, this food truck is parked behind Eye Biz near TecPort Business Center on Paxton Street in Harrisburg. And it's the home of quite possibly the best Carolina-style pulled pork I've ever had.
But while this operation has a tiny venue with a one-man staff, there's nothing small about the food. Big flavor and big portions are more like it.
Let's take the pulled pork barbecue sandwich, for example. Owner Port Dare proudly hickory smokes the pork for a whopping 14 hours, then he adds a vinegar-based sauce with just the right amount of heat to it. Presented on a griddle-seared bun large enough for an ogre, this sandwich is simply overflowing with tender pork, and it's surprisingly only $6. Admittedly, I can only eat half of it in one sitting, so remember to bring your appetite!
Many customers enjoy the pulled pork with Little Black Truck's homemade coleslaw, but the fresh-cut fries get my vote. Golden, crispy and perfectly seasoned, the fries get me reminiscing about the ones I enjoyed as a kid on the boardwalk. Add cheese and/or bacon if you're really looking to go over the top.
Ringing up at a mere $5, the half-pound burger made from certified Angus beef is every bit as enormous and delicious as the pork sandwich. Whether you dress up this burger with your choice of toppings or just order meat on a bun, you can taste the freshness — this is what beef should taste like.
If you're not in the mood for straight-up pork or beef, there are several other specials on the menu. The 100-percent beef hot dogs are handmade fresh in New York, and the big boy grilled cheese features Texas toast stuffed with a spicy cheese blend.
Catch these and other delicious eats at Little Black Truck 11 a.m. to 7 p.m. Monday through Saturday. I've even been there for dinner!
If you're elsewhere in Central Pennsylvania, here are some other burger and barbecue joints worth sampling:
• Big Lou's Bar-B-Q, 111 E. Princess St., York
• Biggs BBQ & Burrito, 2005 Miller Road, East Petersburg
• Corner Stables, 2573 S. Queen St., York
• The Jackson House, 1004 N. Sixth St., Harrisburg
• Joe's Famous American Kitchen, 608 Richmond Drive, Suite 109, Lancaster
• MoMo's BBQ & Grill, 307 Market St., Harrisburg
• A Moveable Feast, Harrisburg and Mechanicsburg
• Mr. G's Sports Bar, 3745 N. Sixth St., Harrisburg
• Red Rabbit Drive In, 31 Grandview Drive, Duncannon
• Top That Restaurant & Catering, 123 Main St., Palmyra
How will you celebrate this meaty month?
Erica Streisfeld is the editor for custom publishing at Journal Publications Inc., parent company of the Central Penn Business Journal. She moonlights as a foodie and wino, and many people also know her as founder and organizer of the Harrisburg Cupcake Cup, a community cupcake competition that doubles as a fundraiser for the Central Pennsylvania Food Bank. Follow her at @HbgFoodandWine.


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Events Calendar
New Student Welcome Day
Date: Friday, January 14th, 2011
Time: 9:30 am
Duration: 6 hours
Location: Buchman Pavilion
Sponsored by: News + Events
Contact: angrid, Student Development Office
9:30am Registration & Campus Resources Fair - Buchman Pavilion
10:30am Welcome - Bush Memorial
10:45am An Introduction & Overview of Sage Advisor - Bush Memorial
11:45am Life on Campus - McKinstry Student Center
12:30pm Lunch with Faculty - Bush Memorial
Additional Afternoon Opportunities
1:30pm Campus Tours - Depart from Bush
1:30pm An Orientation to Residence Life - Residence Life Office
Students needing additional assistance with academic advising or from the Office of Student Services should schedule an afternoon appointment during the Campus Resource Fair.
Academic Advising will take place in the Hart Hall Career Center
The Office of Student Services is located in Cowee Hall, 1st floor.
The M.O.S.S. Book Store will be open between 8:30am and 4:30pm for students to purchase textbooks.
The Public Safety Office (located in the John Paine Building) will be open for you to obtain your Student I.D. and Parking Permit


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The Pullman Marseille Provence Airport hotel is 3 minutes from the airport and 10 minutes from the Aix-en-Provence TGV train station. The spacious, air-conditioned rooms are perfect for relaxing in. The fully-equipped, modular meeting facilities can accommodate up to 250 guests. WIFI is available free of charge in all areas. The 4-star hotel has a bright restaurant-lounge bar with terraces. It is easy to reach with the 24-hr airport shuttle service, or you can park in the free enclosed car park.
- Check-in:14:00
- Check-out:12:00
Services offered by the hotel
- . Pullman Welcomer
- . Internet access
- . Connectivity Lounge
- . Fitness Lounge
- . Access to the pool
- . Complimentary mineral water in the room
- . Parking
- . Airport shuttle
- . Accommodation and breakfast are free for 1 child under 12 years sharing parents' room.


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The Power of Independent Thinking
Higgs and Liebowitz on Causes of the Economic Crisis
Recorded: Sunday, February 8, 2009
Economists Roberts Higgs and Stan Liebowitz join the panel of the McCuistion Program on PBS to discuss causes of the current economic crisis.
Experts: Robert Higgs, Stan J. LiebowitzType: TelevisionIssues: Banking and Finance, Economic Policy, Fiscal Policy/Debt
Alex Tabarrok on Fox News on the U.S. Housing Market
Recorded: Monday, March 24, 2008
Alex Tabarrok discusses changes in the U.S. housing market on Cavuto on Fox Business Network.
Experts: Alexander T. TabarrokType: TelevisionIssues: Banking and Finance, Housing


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InnoDB, like any other ACID-compliant database engine, flushes the redo log of a transaction before it is committed. Historically, InnoDB used group commit functionality to group multiple such flush requests together to avoid one flush for each commit. With group commit, InnoDB issues a single write to the log file to perform the commit action for multiple user transactions that commit at about the same time, significantly improving throughput.
Group commit in InnoDB worked until MySQL 4.x, and works once again with MySQL 5.1 with the InnoDB Plugin, and MySQL 5.5 and higher. The introduction of support for the distributed transactions and Two Phase Commit (2PC) in MySQL 5.0 interfered with the InnoDB group commit functionality. This issue is now resolved.
The group commit functionality inside InnoDB works with the Two
Phase Commit protocol in MySQL. Re-enabling of the group commit
functionality fully ensures that the ordering of commit in the
MySQL binlog and the InnoDB logfile is the same as it was before.
It means it is totally safe to use the
MySQL Enterprise Backup product with InnoDB 1.0.4 (that
is, the InnoDB Plugin with MySQL 5.1) and above. When the binlog
is enabled, you typically also set the configuration option
sync_binlog=0, because group commit for the
binary log is only supported if it is set to 0.
Group commit is transparent; you do not need to do anything to take advantage of this significant performance improvement.
For more information about performance of
COMMIT and other transactional operations, see
InnoDB Transaction Management.


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Central Park
Celebrate Black History Month: African-American Monuments in New York City's Parks
Monday, February 25, 2013
9:00 a.m.–5:00 p.m.
This event repeats every weekday between 2/1/2013 and 2/27/2013.
Please note: This event has already taken place. Please use the Search options on the right to find upcoming events.
The monuments in our parks honor the heights of human achievement and the depths of human sacrifice. They are intended in permanent form to commemorate persons, events and values of lasting consequence to the evolution of our city, nation and the world, and to our advancement as a people.
In honor of Black History Month, this exhibition examines those monuments in the Parks collection that honor key African-American figures in the arts, sport, the military, science, and the abolition movement and who are preserved in our collective memory. Also remembered are the many thousands of anonymous people who, until emancipation, did not have the rights of citizenship and were enslaved.
NRQ to 5th Ave/59th Street Stop
Event Organizer
Art & Antiquities
Contact Number
(212) 360-8163
Contact Email
Related Links
Directions to Central Park
Central Park Weather
- NYC Parks Joins The U.s. Fish & Wildlife Service In Celebrating The Centennial Of The Migratory Bird Treaty
- Your Chance To Visit The Hallett Nature Sanctuary
- NYC Parks Hosts Central Park Tour: Southern Welcome Tour
- Exhibition: Chroma Botanica: Ellie Irons & Linda Stillman
- Central Park Tour: Legendary Landmarks
- Hallett Nature Sanctuary
- Central Park Tour: Conservatory Garden
- Central Park Tour: Northern Forts
- Baseball Fields
- Basketball Courts
- Bathrooms
- Bicycling and Greenways
- Dog-friendly Areas
- Eateries
- Fishing
- Fitness Equipment
- Great Trees
- Handball Courts
- Historic Houses
- Horseback Riding Trails
- Ice Skating Rinks
- Nature Centers
- Outdoor Pools
- Paddleboat Rentals
- Playgrounds
- Recreation Centers
- Soccer Fields
- Spray Showers
- Tennis Courts
- Volleyball Courts
- Wi-Fi Hot Spots
- Zoos and Aquariums
Know when to go:
View upcoming athletic area usage in
Central Park


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As county executive candidate, Walker supported residency
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Since when does the state have the right to run local governments, especially when a residency requirement is not in violation of any law? I would call this infringing on local freedoms and a big overreach of big government. I thought the GOP hated those things...Hide replies
Since when should a city demand how their employees spend their earned money? It's fundamentally wrong. What's more local control, individual rights or city rights? Thanks Scott Walker for having the courage to stand for what's right and just!
Concerned...demand? No it's called residency requirement means you must live in the city. You are still free to spend your money as you please. If you don't like the residency requirement, you have the freedom to find another job and move to your desired community. Isn't that what the GoP always preaches?
The irony of your statement just makes me shake my head and wonder how some of you tie your shoes...
No one is demanding where they spend their money, just requiring they live within the City limits.
Just as certain businesses can "demand" (to use your word) how their employees dress. Isn't that telling them where to spend their earned money?
You have every right not to apply for a job with the City if you do not wish to live IN the city.
Are you a City employee?
Are you just drooling at the prospect of working FOR the City, if only you didn't have to live there?
Better...do you have the same opinion of the Federal Government and their "right" to run State Governments?
It's DEMANDING that they PURCHASE/RENT a home inside the city (i.e. subject to numerous city taxes upon sale and beyond).
Your second 'point'? Um, no. A dress code doesn't require you buy your business attire FROM that business.
How is
It's a requirement of employment.
And a dress code does rule out many businesses from which you can purchase clothing.
What about wearing a uniform? Reduces your clothing purchasing options even more.
Again - if you have NO interest whatsoever in working FOR the City, why do you care???
Workers are now freed. Nothing to hate about that. Your free to stay, no one is forcing anyone out?
Comments-The city is demanding City employees to pay city taxes. That is demanding how I spend my heard earned money. Miller doesn't force it's employees to drink miller. Chevy doesn't force it's employees to drive Chevy. Infact, the US doesn't force it's citizens to buy only US. It's about freedom to choose. Also, before worker rights, employees were forced to work 12-16 hr days without compensation. It was requirement of their employment. Was that wrong? There are options with a dress code Macy's or Boston store? Before now, there were no options but Milwaukee. Thank you Gov Walker for standing up to the city of Milwaukee ! I salute you,
Concerned ....I'm guessing you don't work. I'm fact ill bet on it. Sure Miller doesn't force it's employees to drink Miller, but see how long you work there showing up with a 6 pack of Bud Light. Or if you work for GM and drive a Toyota because its a better product. Well see how far you make it in the world. You just a whiners because you want to live in the burbs but your husband can't find a job outside of Milwaukee...
the unions have tried to negotiate with the mayor; however the mayor has refused. Protective service employees cannot strike like private sector employees, so their only other recourse is to change or enact legislation to address their issue.
As for the comment of if you don't like it find another job, well that is plain ridiculous and you know it. We live in a country of freedom governed by law; all of which is by the people, for the people. What that means is that we the people have a say in what is right and wrong, and if we feel something in wrong then we are free to try and correct that wrong. What if I said that if you didn't like that you could leave this country and find a new one because there are plenty of people waiting to take your place? That would sound idiotic, because it is, but it is on par with you post. There is a bigger picture to this issue, and many facets to it. Everyone needs to look at more than one to get a good idea of the whole picture
Wow. Look at Concerned Wife's profile. 100 comments in the past 5 days all on the topic residency rules. The DeVoses are getting their moneys worth this week.
Better- I work taking care of your loved ones. MD is pretty far! What do you do? Look at my profile! I'm a concerned wife who believes in equal rights for all and am against discrimination whether it be race, creed, sex, or location!
Stick to the issue and stop worrying about my career choice and how many posts I make. I support Walker!
The lovely thing about being an anonymous character is you get to make up your own reality. Look at me! I'm a doctor! My opinion matters! Local control? What's that? Never heard of it.
Divide & conquer continues...Hide replies
No freed and freedom!!!!!
Maybe the author could post a link to his source of said forum minutes or video?
I doubt he ever supported residency. But, if he did, shifting views on something so minor as to where public employees can live pales in comparison to, say, 0bumma's evolution from his anti-gay stances.Hide replies
If it is so minor, why does the Governor care?
Walker is wearing another hat in a different leadership role. I would suspect we would see most if not all of his leadership opinions change.
Perhaps the need to find employees that meet quality standards has increased, which means opening things up make sense now, Don Walker.
Walker has "evolved".
Evolving is not unique to President Obama.
Walker has "evolved".
Evolving is not unique to President Obama.Hide replies
That's a forbidden word in Walkerworld.
Dude, it's 2013. 2002 was a long time ago, people can change their minds on things.
Don, is your Walker Derangement Syndrome so severe you need to go back over a decade to find a line Walker may have said just so you can put up a headline with negative walker tones?
Allowing City employees to live anywhere within the County might not be a bad compromise.Hide replies
Barrett never heard the word "compromise" before.
. PO's and FF's will still be the consummate professionals that they always have been. Where they or their families live has no bearing on how they perform their duties. Duty is doing what is right whether it is popular or not, and even if nobody is there to thank you. The brave men and women of the Police and Fire departments do this every day, and that won't change if some choose to live outside the city. Thank you Governor Walker for doing your duty as governor, and helping out those STATWIDE that are in an impossible situation!!
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Rickets is the softening and weakening of bones in children, usually because of an extreme and prolonged vitamin D deficiency.
Vitamin D promotes the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the gastrointestinal tract. A deficiency of vitamin D makes it difficult to maintain proper calcium and phosphorus levels in bones, which can cause rickets.
If a vitamin D or calcium deficiency causes rickets, adding vitamin D or calcium to the diet generally corrects any resulting bone problems for your child. Rickets due to a genetic condition may require additional medications or other treatment. Some skeletal deformities caused by rickets may need corrective surgery.
Signs and symptoms of rickets may include:
Because rickets softens the growth plates at the ends of a child's bones, it can cause skeletal deformities such as:
Talk to your doctor if your child develops bone pain, muscle weakness or obvious skeletal deformities.
Your body needs vitamin D to absorb calcium and phosphorus from food. Rickets can occur if your child's body doesn't get enough vitamin D or if his or her body has problems using vitamin D properly.
You receive vitamin D from two sources:
Some children are born with or develop medical conditions that affect the way their bodies absorb vitamin D. Some examples include:
Factors that may increase a child's risk of rickets include:
If left untreated, rickets may lead to:
You'll likely start by seeing your family doctor or a pediatrician. Depending on the cause of your child's symptoms, you may be referred to a specialist.
Before your appointment, you may want to write a list that answers the following questions:
Your doctor may ask some of the following questions:
During the exam, the doctor will gently press on your child's bones, checking for abnormalities. He or she will pay particular attention to your child's:
X-rays of the affected bones can reveal bone deformities. Blood and urine tests can confirm a diagnosis of rickets and also monitor the progress of treatment.
Most cases of rickets can be treated with vitamin D and calcium supplements. Follow your doctor's directions as to dosage, which may vary by the size of your child. Too much vitamin D can be dangerous.
For some cases of bowlegs or spinal deformities, your doctor may suggest special bracing to position your child's body appropriately as the bones grow. More severe skeletal deformities may require surgery.
Most adolescents and adults receive much of their necessary vitamin D from exposure to sunlight. Infants and young children, however, need to avoid direct sun entirely or be especially careful by always wearing sunscreen.
Make sure your child is eating foods that contain vitamin D naturally — fatty fish, fish oil and egg yolks — or that have been fortified with vitamin D, such as:
Because human milk contains only a small amount of vitamin D, all breast-fed infants should receive 400 international units (IU) of oral vitamin D daily.
Original article: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rickets/basics/complications/CON-20027091
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We have, a few times recently, criticized the justices on the U.S. Supreme Court for their decisions. It's only fair that we weigh in on the recent decision in the Snyder vs. Phelps et al case, where we think the justices saw through a highly-emotional set of facts and landed squarely (8-1) on the correct side of history and the U.S. Constitution. The right to free speech, the justices say, trumps the presumed right to be protected from offensive speech during a time of great emotional distress, even while grieving for a member of the U.S. military who was killed in the line of duty.
The ruling is a particularly important statement on the importance of freedom of speech, as almost anyone can find reason to take great offense at the speech that was challenged. It came from members of the Westboro Baptist Church in Topeka, Kansas, who travel around the country and picket military funerals, claiming that military people die because God is punishing the United States for tolerating homosexuality.
Many responsible people pleaded with the justices to make an exception to the Constitution and punish those whose speech is so very offensive. The justices properly rejected those arguments.
Neither patriotism nor humanism nor a desire to enforce standards of basic human decency—however laudable those goals might be—was allowed to obscure the Constitutional issue.
As a society, we must protect even the most repugnant of speech (and for many, the speech in this case qualified as such), or we risk having our Constitutional rights interpreted and re-interpreted at the whim of a given day's public opinion.
We have no time for messages of intolerance, and our hearts are heavy for those who have lost loved ones in these wars for which all Americans are responsible but a relative few bear the intense personal sacrifice. We mean them no disrespect when we commend the justices for a firm and courageous decision.
They got it wrong
A Hennepin County jury decided that blogger John Hoff (Johnny Northside) should be punished financially—$60,000 worth—for publishing the truth and expressing an opinion about a very public person in a position to receive very public money. The verdict sends a very public message to community journalists: If you expose an unpleasant truth about a public situation, you'll be punished.
We hope Hoff will appeal, and we expect the ruling will be set aside if he does. But Hoff shouldn't have to go through an appeal; he should never have had to go through a trial.
In decision after decision, in decades of established law, the courts have ruled that truth is an almost-universal defense against publication-related punishment; and that, in the case of public figures, only deliberate lies or reckless disregard for the truth can result in punishment for publishers. This court ruled that Hoff's writing was true, and that he was writing about a public figure. Damages against him should have been ruled out.
Of course, the verdict doesn't say Hoff was punished for exercising his free speech rights. That would never fly. It says he was punished for causing someone to lose a job, and for causing emotional distress. This is merely a pretense to rationalize allowing what the Constitution specifically prohibits in any but the rarest of cases: Abridging the right to free speech. Hoff's situation is not at all rare, and it's preposterous to hold him responsible for how other people acted on the information he published. Are journalists now expected to predict what might be done with any bit of information they publish, and prepare to pay if what other people do causes distress or economic loss? Will those who truly wield the power to cause economic loss now be able to say, The journalist made me do it. Make the journalist pay! Preposterous, yes, but for the moment, true.
One can agree or disagree with Hoff, one can like or dislike his style. Your publishers have held all of those opinions at one time or another. But the North Side, and the entire city, are far better off with him than without him; and society should be encouraging more people to speak (or blog) their minds on important public issues. Instead, this ruling suggests that society should silence him and anyone else who, like your publishers, dares to question how public people spend public money.
In 1927, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis provided good advice for those who would punish free expression: "The remedy to be applied is more speech, not enforced silence." And, more than 2,000 years earlier, Sophocles warned that it's a bad idea to "kill the messenger." The ruling in the Hoff case gives community journalists 60,000 reasons to clam up. We hope it is reversed soon.


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SIZE: 14"H x 21" Diameter
Category: Lighting, Pink Chandeliers & Pendants
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