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Biological diversity in Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands
Didemed sifaka, a lemur endemic to Madegascar. @ C.Michael Hogan
Biological diversity in Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands can be defined as the biodiversity on a series of islands scattered in the western Indian Ocean off the southeast coast of Africa; this region is also known as the Indian Ocean Islands biodiversity hotspot. Dominated by the nation of Madagascar, the fourth largest island on Earth, the hotspot also includes the independent nations of Seychelles (including Aldabra), the Comoros, Mauritius (including Rodrigues), and the French overseas departments of Réunion, Mayotte (one of the Comoros) and the Iles Esparses around Madagascar.
Because Madagascar and the continental Seychelles broke off from the Gondwanaland supercontinent more than 160 million years ago, the hotspot is a living example of species evolution in isolation. Despite close proximity to Africa, the islands do not share any of the typical animal groups of nearby Africa. Instead, they have evolved an exquisitely unique assemblage of species, with high levels of genus- and family-level endemism, in only 1.9 percent of the land area of continental Africa.
The natural vegetation of this hotspot is quite diverse. On Madagascar, tropical rainforests along the eastern escarpment and in the eastern lowlands give way to western dry deciduous forests along the western coast. A unique spiny desert covers the extreme south. The island is also host to several high mountain ecosystems such as Tsaratanana and Andringitra massifs, which are characterized by forest with moss and lichens. The Sambirano region, a northern transition zone between the western dry forest and the eastern rainforest, has many endemic species.
The Madagascar Subhumid Forests form an important ecoregion that is scattered in several "islands" of montane humid forest throughout the central highlands of Madagascar, the zone generally defined as above the coastal plain and escarpment starting at 900 metres. The remaining large areas of the forest habitat are in the Sambirano region in the northwest, portions of Amber Mountain (Montagne d'Ambre) in the north, significant areas of the northern highlands, and the middle elevational portions of certain massifs in the central highlands (e.g., Ankaratra and Andringitra).
The lowland forests of Madagascar include a narrow strip of humid forests along the east coast, low-elevation forests (from sea level up to 800 meters). The forests extend from Marojejy in the north to the extreme southeastern corner of the island. At the northern edge of the ecoregion, around Vohémar, the moist forest changes to a transitional dry forest. This area has localized climatic conditions that lead to different vegetation, one of many such patches across Madagascar. At the ecoregion's southern limit, in the rain shadow of the Anosyennes Mountains, the moist forest changes in a very short distance from a dry transitional forest to spiny forest. At the ecoregion's western edge, the forest grades into subhumid forests around the 800 m contour on the central highlands.
The Indian Ocean islands are composed of a range of relatively recent volcanic islands (the Mascarenes and the Comoros), fragments of continental material (the main group of the Seychelles), and the coral cays of the Amirantes and the atolls of the Farquhar, Cosmoledo, and Aldabra groups, as well as the five Iles Eparses. The volcanic islands have high peaks that in the recent past were covered by dense forest; indeed, the Comoros and the Mascarenes are sometimes subjected to very high levels of rainfall (up to 6000 millimetres per year on Réunion). The highest peak in the Indian Ocean is the Piton des Neiges on Réunion (3069 metres), which received the heaviest downpour on record (4.9 metres of rain in one week in 1980). By contrast, the continental Seychelles are relatively dry with a relatively low altitude reaching only 914 meters at its highest in Mourne Seychellois National Park.
Unique Biodiversity
The hallmark of the flora and fauna of Madagascar and the Indian Ocean islands is not necessarily their diversity (though this is high in some groups of organisms, particularly given the island's size), but their remarkable endemism. The high level of species unique to Madagascar and its surrounding islands resulted from tens of millions of years of isolation from the African mainland and from people, who did not arrive until 2000 years ago. Endemism is marked not only at the species level, but also at higher taxonomic levels: the islands have an astounding eight plant families, five bird families, and five primate families that occur nowhere else on Earth.
Vascular plants total at least 13,000 species (and possibly as many as 16,000), of which about 90 percent are found nowhere else in the world. Incredibly, eight of at least 160 plant families found here are endemic, a level unmatched by any other hotspot: seven are confined to Madagascar and an eighth is found on the Seychelles (the Medusagynaceae). The hotspot also has at least 310 endemic genera of plants. Local endemism is high as well; some individual mountaintops have 150 to 200 plants found nowhere else on the island.
The case of the baobab, or bottle tree, illustrates the spectacular diversity and endemism of plants in this hotspot. Worldwide there are eight baobab species in the genus Adansonia, one from continental Africa, one from northwest Australia, and the remaining six from Madagascar. Grandidier's baobab (Adansonia grandidieri), the largest baobab species on the island, is pollinated by nocturnal lemurs; other Malagasy species are pollinated by fruit-eating bats. Found in the drier regions of the west and south, baobabs are well adapted to desert-like conditions. Large reserves of water are stored in their characteristic bottle shaped trunks.
Madagascar recently made headlines in the botanical world with the rediscovery of Takhtajania perrieri, the only Afro-Malagasy member of the primitive family Winteraceae, in the northeast of the country. It is fitting that Madagascar's signature endemic plant, the traveler's tree (Ravenala madagascariensis), is pollinated by the island's flagship vertebrate species, the lemurs.
The avifauna of Madagascar and the surrounding islands is characterized by low diversity but spectacular endemism. More than 300 bird species are regularly found in the hotspot, nearly 60 percent of which are found nowhere else on the planet; additionally, 42 genera and four families are endemic. The bird fauna includes some extraordinarily relict bird species on Madagascar, such as the ground-rollers, cuckoo-rollers, and mesites.
The region's birds are also seriously threatened. Over 55 endemic species are currently threatened, and 32 have already gone extinct, mainly from the Mascarenes. The wet forests of eastern Madagascar have the highest number of threatened birds, including the Madagascar serpent-eagle (Eutriorchis astur, EN) and the Madagascar red owl (Tyto soumagnei, EN). Birds endemic to the island's wetlands, which have undergone extensive conversion for rice cultivation, are faced with imminent extinction. In the east, the Madagascar pochard (Aythya innotata) has only been recorded three times since 1960; the Alaotra grebe (Tachybaptus rufolavatus, CR) has not been confirmed in the last decade. The flightless elephant bird (Aepyornis maximus), extinct more than five hundred years ago, was the heaviest bird ever to have lived at roughly 450 kilograms (nearly 1,000 pounds).
The birds of the Indian Ocean islands are similarly distressed. Réunion has witnessed the extinction of at least 10 bird species since the 1500s and all the endemic birds of Mauritius are threatened. Extinct species include the famous dodo (Raphus cucullatus), which disappeared from Mauritius in the 1600s after the island was colonized by humans, as well as the Réunion solitaire (Pezophaps solitaria) which became extinct in the 1760s.
As with birds, the diversity of the hotspot's mammals is relatively low, but the level of endemism is exceptional. About 90 percent of the more than 150 mammal species that live on the islands are endemic. And new species are being discovered in Madagascar at a rapid rate; for example, in the last 15 years, 22 new mammal species and subspecies have been described.
The most intriguing mammals of Madagascar are the lemurs, represented by five families of primates unique to this island. Madagascar is home to 72 kinds of lemurs (species and subspecies), representing 15 genera, making the Madagascar and Indian Ocean Islands Hotspot the world leader in primate endemism and the single highest priority for the conservation of primates. The lemurs of Madagascar vary widely, from the tiny Madame Berthe's mouse lemur (Microcebus berthae), which, at only 30 grams, is the world's smallest primate, to the indri (Indri indri, EN), which leaps from tree to tree similar to the airborne kangaroo. One of the most unusual lemur species is the aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis, EN), which has huge ears, shaggy fur, continuously growing incisors (like a rodent), and a very thin middle finger on each hand, that together with its large ears are used for catching woodboring insect larvae or excavating coconuts.
Madagascar is also home to more than 15 endemic bat species, including the Madagascar flying fox (Pteropus rufus, VU), and numerous endemic rodents, like the unusual giant jumping rat (Hypogeomys antimena, EN), and carnivores, including the fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox, EN), which resembles a cross between a dog and a cat. An agile hunter on the ground and in the canopy, it is the primary predator of lemurs. The endemic tenrecs, a unique family of insect-eating mammals, occupy the ecological niche that shrews and moles occupy elsewhere.
Mammals are thinly distributed elsewhere on the Indian Ocean Islands, but include the world's largest bat, Livingstone's flying fox (Pteropus livingstonii, CR) on the Comoros.
Although the hotspot has only one endemic reptile family (the Opluridae), it boasts high species diversity and endemism; 96 percent of nearly 400 reptile species are found nowhere else on Earth.
The area is a major center for chameleon diversity, and it has recently been proposed that all the worlds' chameleons originated in this hotspot. The best-known endemic reptile in the Indian Ocean Islands is the Seychelles' Aldabra giant tortoise (Geochelone gigantean, VU), which lives only on Aldabra. Although the tortoise is relatively abundant, numbering about 150,000 individuals in the wild, it is considered threatened by development, illegal trade, and natural disasters.
There are two endemic families of amphibians: the Sooglossidae, found in the Seychelles, with its closest living relative in the Western Ghats of India, and the Mantellidae, endemic to Madagascar and Mayotte. Endemism is the most marked in amphibians, with only a single species of the 230 present (Ptychadena mascareniensis) not endemic to the hotspot.
Among the flagship amphibians are the beautiful frogs of the genera Mantella and Scaphiophryne. However, the most striking amphibian in the hotspot may be the tomato frog (Dyscophus antongili), a bright red, bullfrog-sized animal found only in a small corner of northeastern Madagascar. Interestingly, there are seven species of caecilians on the Seychelles, yet this amphibian order is not represented on Madagascar or on any of the other Indian Ocean Islands.
Freshwater Fishes
The hotspot has two distinct groups of freshwater fishes. The smaller islands are dominated by species with wide marine distributions, which enter both brackish and freshwater habitats. Madagascar's fish are mainly freshwater species of continental origin that have evolved on the island to include nearly 100 endemic species of fish, including 14 endemic genera and two endemic families.
Most of the invertebrate fauna on Madagascar is poorly known. However, some of the non-marine invertebrate groups that are reasonably well known include: terrestrial snails (651 species, all endemic); scorpions (40 species, all endemic); spiders (459 species, 390 endemics); dragonflies and damselflies (181 species, 132 endemics); lacewings (163 species, 119 endemics); tiger beetles (211 species, 209 endemics); scarab beetles (148 species, all endemic); true butterflies (300 species, 211 endemics); freshwater crayfish (six species, all endemic); and freshwater shrimp of the family Atyidae (26 species, 20 endemics). Overall, total species richness for macroinvertebrate groups covered in a recent review of the natural history of Madagascar is slightly more than 5,800 species, of which 86 percent are endemic to the island (although several speciose groups of invertebrates are not covered).
The invertebrate fauna of the Seychelles comprises 3,555 recorded species, with an estimated total of perhaps 5,100 species; of these, approximately 80 percent are endemic. One truly unique and amazing invertebrate flagship species is the endemic giant tenebrionid beetle (Polposipus herculeanus, CR), restricted to one small island in the Seychelles, and one of the largest terrestrial invertebrates in the world. The region also supports the largest millipede (Sechelleptus seychellarum) and populations of the world's largest terrestrial invertebrate, the coconut or robber crab (Birgus latro, DD).
Human Impacts
Ironically, the isolation that allowed Madagascar and its neighboring islands to evolve a diverse and unique fauna and flora also contributed to its environmental degradation. Because humans did not arrive on the islands until around 1500 to 2000 years ago, native animals were naïve and easily slaughtered by the colonists. The islands' location off the coast of Africa made them important stopping off points on trade routes and havens for pirates. On the Mascarenes, there is evidence to suggest that the extinction spasm of much of the native megafauna was directly related to hunting.
The Malagasy people came to Madagascar from Africa and Asia, bringing with them agricultural methods, including irrigated rice cultivation, slash-and-burn agriculture, and cattle grazing. When applied to infertile, lateritic soils, these practices can lead to soil degradation, such as the gullies that pockmark the central highlands. This region was probably a mosaic of woodlands and savanna when people first arrived, and continues to be a dynamic agro-sylvo-pastoral landscape, including some massive plantations. Shifting cultivation continues to transform natural forests in some parts of the island, eventually yielding to more intensive farming practices, often including exotic trees. Overall, it is estimated that only about 17 percent of the original vegetation of Madagascar remains, with most remaining forests found along the eastern and southern regions. In the Comoros, which had the fourth highest deforestation rate in the world in the early 1990s (5.8 percent per annum), natural forests have been largely replaced with plantations, and the islands have lost at least 80 percent of their native vegetation. On the Seychelles, lowland forests have been cleared for timber production and agriculture, particularly for coconut plantations and cinnamon exploitation.
Mauritius has one of the highest human population densities in the world at 538 persons per square kilometer. In comparison, the nearly 18 million people who live in Madagascar today do not represent a very large number considering the land area of the island. However, the population is growing at more than 3 percent per year and is expected to double by the year 2025. In an area that is already one of the most economically disadvantaged in the world, this growth rate is putting tremendous pressure on the natural environment. In addition to agriculture, hunting and timber extraction, industrial and small-scale mining are growing threats.
On the other Indian Ocean Islands, these same threats have been exacerbated by the introduction of invasive alien species, brought as food sources, pets, or for pest control. Rats, cats, and mongooses have devastated populations of birds and small reptiles, while grazing rabbits, goats, pigs, and deer have denuded many landscapes. In addition, exotic plant species such as water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) threaten the biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems in the hotspot.
Conservation Action
In Madagascar, the government is beginning the third phase of its national Environmental Action Plan, with an ambitious five-year program of conservation and sustainable management activities. Today, about 2.7 percent of Madagascar's land area (16,131 km2) is officially protected in 46 legally protected areas, including national parks, strict nature reserves established to conserve ecosystems and special reserves designed to protect a particular species or a group of species. At the World Parks Congress in September 2003, the president of Madagascar, Marc Ravalomanana, announced plans to triple protected area coverage over the next five years and asked for $50 million in assistance from the international community to do so. In the first six months following this announcement, $22 million in commitments were pledged by international and local conservation organizations, international development agencies, multilateral development banks and national governments to a Biodiversity Trust Fund that was created in January 2005.
In 2001, Birdlife International identified 141 Important Bird Areas (IBA) covering about 54,806 km2 within the Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands Hotspot. More recently, Conservation International and other partners in Madagascar expanded upon this work to identify a total of 132 Key Biodiversity Areas based on the distribution of globally threatened species covering eight taxa: mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, freshwater fish, arthropods, gastropods and plants. Many of the Key Biodiversity Areas have been identified as potential conservation sites for tripling the protected area network in Madagascar.
These activities to identify and safeguard the hotspot's remaining natural habitats are being implemented hand-in-hand with projects that maximize and demonstrate the value of this conservation to the country. For example, in much of Madagascar the watershed value provided by conservation of the remaining forests is of enormous economic value to the surrounding countryside. In some Key Biodiversity Areas, ecotourism has provided a viable source of income for local communities, such as through the famous guides association in Andasibe, near Perinet (Analamazaotra) Special Reserve.
On the other Indian Ocean Islands, significantly less natural habitat is designated for protection, although the few protected areas that do exist represent almost the entirety of remaining natural habitat on the islands, with the exception of the Comoros. There are about 208 km2 of terrestrial protected areas in the Seychelles (46 percent of the land area, including two World Heritage Sites), while Réunion has 21 protected areas totaling 231 km2. Although the Comoros currently have no terrestrial protected areas, there is a plan under development to establish three terrestrial national parks, in Mount Karthala on Grand Comore, Ntringui in Anjouan and on Moheli, as well as two additional marine national parks to complement that already existing on Moheli.
Efforts at species-focused conservation represent important progress for the future of several unique species. A number of lemur species have been bred successfully in captivity, and, in 1997, the first lemur reintroduction program introduced captive-born black and white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata, EN) into the Betampona Nature Reserve. There are very successful combined captive breeding and community conservation programs for several species of tortoise. The Indian Ocean Islands also boast a number of threatened bird species that have been recovered from certain extinction: the pink pigeon (Streptopelia mayeri, EN), Mauritius parakeet (Psittacula eques, CR), Mauritius kestrel (Falco punctatus, VU), Rodrigues fody (Foudia flavicans, VU), Seychelles warbler (Acrocephalus sechellensis, VU), and Seychelles magpie-robin (Copyschus sechellarum, CR).
- This article is based on contributions from Russell Mittermeier, Olivier Langrand, Porter P. Lowry II, George Schatz, Justin Gerlach, Steven Goodman, Marc Steininger, Frank Hawkins, Noro Raminosoa, Olga Ramilijaona, Luciano Andriamaro, Harison Randrianasolo, Harison Rabarison, and Zo Lalaina Rakotobe.
Further Reading
- Andriansetra Ranarijaona, H.L. 2003. Aquatic and semiaquatic vascular plants. In S.M. Goodman & J.P. Benstead. (Eds.), The Natural History of Madagascar. p. 250. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 0226303071
- Eger, J.L. & Mitchell, L. 2003. Chiroptera, bats. In S.M. Goodman & J.P. Benstead. (Eds.), The Natural History of Madagascar. pp. 1287-1298.Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226303071.
- Elouard, J.M. & Gibon F.M. 2003. Ecology of Aquatic Invertebrates. In S.M. Goodman & J.P. Benstead. (Eds.), The Natural History of Madagascar. p. 511. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226303071.
- Gargominy, O. (Ed.). 2003. Biodiversité et conservation dans les collectivités Françaises d'outre-mer. Collection Planète Nature. Paris, France: Comité français pour l'IUCN.
- Gautier, L., & Goodman, S.M. 2003. Introduction to the Flora of Madagascar. In S.M. Goodman & J.P. Benstead. (Eds.), The Natural History of Madagascar. p. 229. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226303071.
- Gerlach, J. (Ed.) 1997. Seychelles Red Data Book 1997. Seychelles: NPTS.
- Gerlach, J. 2003. The Biodiversity of the Granitic Island of Seychelles. Phelsuma, 11(B):1-47.
- Glaw, F. & Vences, M. 2003. Introduction to Amphibians. In S.M. Goodman & J.P. Benstead. (Eds.), The Natural History of Madagascar. p. 883. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226303071.
- Goodman, S. M., & Benstead, J. P. (Eds.). 2003. The Natural History of Madagascar. Chicago. The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226303071.
- Goodman, S.M., Ganzhorn, J.U., & Rakotondravony, D. 2003. Introduction to the mammals. In S.M. Goodman & J.P. Benstead. (Eds.), The Natural History of Madagascar. p. 1159. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226303071.
- Hawkins, A.F.A., & Goodman, S.M. 2003. Introduction to the birds. In S.M. Goodman & J.P. Benstead. (Eds.), The Natural History of Madagascar. p. 1019. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. p.1019 ISBN 0226303071.
- Jolly, R. & Fukuda-Parr, S. 2000. Human Development Report 2000. United Nations Development Programme. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 0195216784
- Langrand, O. & Goodman, S. M. 1995. Monitoring Madagascar's ecosystems: A look at the past, present, and future of its wetlands. In T.B. Herman, S. Bondrup-Nielsen, J.H.M. Willison, & N.W.P. Munro. (Eds.), Ecosystem Monitoring and Protected Areas. pp. 204-214. Wolfville, Nova Scotia: Science and Management of Protected Areas Association. ISBN: 0969933827
- Lees, D.C., & Minet J. 2003. Lepidoptera: Systematics and diversity. In S.M. Goodman & J.P. Benstead. (Eds.), The Natural History of Madagascar. p. 748. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226303071.
- Lowry, P. P., II, Schatz, G.E. & Phillipson, P.B. 1997. The classification of natural and anthropogenic vegetation in Madagascar. In S. M. Goodman & B. D. Patterson (Eds.), Natural Change and Human Impact in Madagascar. p. 93-123. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN: 1560986832
- Ministère de l'Environnement malgache, ONE, ANGAP, et al. 2001. CAMP (Conservation and Assessment Management Plan) de la Faune de Madagascar : Lémuriens, Autres Mammifères, Reptiles et Amphibiens, Poissons d'eau douce et Evaluation de la Viabilité des Populations et des Habitats de Hypogeomys antimena (Vositse).
- Pascal, O. 2002. Plantes et Forêts de Mayotte. Paris : Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle.
- Paulian, R., & Viette, P. 2003. Introduction to terrestrial and freshwater invertebrates. In S.M. Goodman & J.P. Benstead. (Eds.), The Natural History of Madagascar. p. 503. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226303071.
- Pearce, T.A. 2003. Gastropoda: Terrestrial Snails. In S.M. Goodman & J.P. Benstead. (Eds.), The Natural History of Madagascar. p. 529 Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226303071.
- Pedrono, M., & Smith, L.L. 2003. Testudinae, land tortoises. In S.M. Goodman & J.P. Benstead. (Eds.), The Natural History of Madagascar. p. 951 Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226303071.
- Perrier de la Bathie, H. 1936. Biogéographie des plantes de Madagascar. Paris: Société d'Editions Géographiques, Maritimes et Coloniales, Pócs, T. 1997. The distribution and origin of the foliicolous bryophyta in the Indian Ocean islands. Abstracta Botanica, 21(1):123-134.
- Randrianandianina, B.N., Andriamahaly, L.R., Harisoa, F.M. & Nicoll, M.E. 2003. The role of the protected areas in the management of the island's biodiversity. In S.M. Goodman, & J.P. Benstead. (Eds.), The Natural History of Madagascar. pp. 1423-1432. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226303071.
- Raxworthy, C.J. 2003. Introduction to the reptiles. In S.M. Goodman, & J. P.Benstead. (Eds.), The Natural History of Madagascar. p. 934. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226303071.
- Réseau d'Experts Développement Environnement Sud Océan Indien (REDES), Mars 2001. Information sur les Ressources en Environnement dans les Iles de l'Océan Indien. CITE Antananarivo Madagascar.
- Robertson, S. A. 1989. Flowering Plants of Seychelles. Kew, U.K.: Royal Botanic Gardens. ISBN: 0947643141
- Schatz, G. E., Lowry II, P. P., Lescot, M., Wolf, A-E., Andriambololonera, S., Raharimalala, V., & Raharimampionona, J. 1996. Conspectus of the vascular plants of Madagascar: A taxonomic and conservation electronic database. In L.J.G. van der Maesen, X. M. van der Burgt, & J. M. van Medenbach de Rooy. (Eds.), The Biodiversity of African Plants. pp. 10–17. Wageningen: Kluwer Academic. ISBN: 0792340957
- Schatz, G. E. 2000. Endemism in the malagasy tree flora. In W. R. Lourenço & S.M. Goodman. (Eds.), Diversité et Endémisme à Madagascar. p. 1–9. Paris: Mémoires de la Société de Biogéographie.
- Sparks, J.S., & Stiassny, M.L.J. 2003. Introduction to the freshwater fishes. In S.M. Goodman, & J. P. Benstead. (Eds.), The Natural History of Madagascar. p. 849. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226303071.
- Secretariat for Eastern African Coastal Area Management (SEACAM). In Custodio Voabil and Sten Engdahl. (Eds.), 2001. The Voyage from Seychelles to Maputo: Successes and Failures of Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Eastern Africa and Island States, 1996-2001. Vol. II. Maputo, Mozambique.
- Steininger, M. et al. 2004. Forest Cover Fragmentation and Clearance in Madagascar. Unpublished digital map.
- Strahm, W. 1993. The Conservation and Restoration of the Flora of Mauritius and Rodrigues. Doctoral Dissertation. Reading University, U.K.
- Voeltzkow, A. 1917. Flora und fauna der comoren reisen in Ostafrika in den Jahren. Wissent. Ergeb., 3(5):429-480.
Disclaimer: This article contains information that was originally published by the Conservation International. Topic editors and authors for the Encyclopedia of Earth have edited its content and added new information. The use of information from the Conservation International should not be construed as support for or endorsement by that organization for any new information added by EoE personnel, or for any editing of the original content.


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A while back while surfing the web I discover Google Reader and it was nice to use Google Reader to place links to web sites and blogs I was interested in reading. Google Reader is what they call and aggregator. Once you setup a folder and add a few items to it then by clicking on that folder you get to see a list containing all the items you have added to the folder.
The analog to this is like having an input box for reading and placing papers to read there. Some advantages of this computer box or folder is that it gets updated with new entries from the sources you have selected.
Here is a screen shoot of what Google Reader looks like
well, all is fine with Google Reader until you decided to filter or order the information or in general display the information in any of many multiple different ways that can be displayed.
Then again while searching on the web I discover yahoo pipes
this is another free internet service but this one is by yahoo and this service allows you to graphically create a mash up feed that could contain all the things I was missing from using Google Reader alone!
Here is screen shoot of what a yahoo pipes program looks like
So as you can see you are actually programming when you use Yahoo pipes but you are doing it with a graphical interface and using pipes to make connections.
In this particular case I wanted to create a Yahoo pipes that will contain a few feeds I was interested in reading and I wanted to sort them following the publication date.
Only takes about a minute to do such programming task with yahoo pipes!
and then I grab my pipe url
something that looks like this
and inserted that into one of my Google Reader folders and Voilà!
I am now able to sort and filter and do much more to RSS feeds!
So amazingly we can now combine the technology from two different companies
to produce with very little effort things that could make the web do the searching and retrieving of information for us!
One more thing
Your Yahoo Pipes can be shared with other people so you can send them the Url of your pipes so others could use it! They could even cloned and change it so modifying and customizing it to their own taste!
Obviously this can be apply to any other topic.
hope you enjoy reading this is a blog posting from www.isallaboutmath.com
for more info on Yahoo pipes check out Tim O'Reilly's blog on Yahoo pipes.

subset: commoncrawl


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It's fun to dress in an evil warlock costume and think you have magical powers. Hell, I do it even when I'm not dressed in a warlock costume. Who wouldn't want to lead an undead army or shoot flames out of their hands?
However, some people take the whole warlock thing a tad too far. William Lambert, 74, for example, took his love of being a warlock to the extreme, even going so far as to cause serious and irreversible damage to four schoolgirls.
More than 20 years ago, William Lambert ran a youth club in an outbuilding at St Dunstan's Church. It was during this time that Lambert proclaimed that he was a warlock and that he could instill his magical powers into girls by having sexual intercourse with them. This led to Lambert raping four of the schoolgirls who were part of the club.
Recently, one of the girls came forward to claim that she had been raped by Lambert during the time of him running the youth club. Police then tracked down three other girls who were also involved with Lambert. Each of them have told their stories, which involve a strange mixture of lies, false magic, and sexual deviancy.
One girl said that Lambert raped her on a tombstone, saying that she would get power from the black floating monk. The monk was believed to be haunting the church, and apparently Lambert was able to channel its power. On another occasion, Lambert hugged one of his crying victims, telling her, It's all right sweetheart, you have done it, you have done it.
The stories all had similar traits: Lambert spellbound the girls into having sexual relations with him, claiming that he would be able to solve their problems through his use of magic. He even claimed he could abort the baby of a girl who thought she was pregnant. And since most of the girls came from abused backgrounds, they originally looked to Lambert for security and safety. But once he had gained their trust, he was able to manipulate them through deceit and false promises, further damaging their already fragile psyches.
All of the attacks by Lambert took place in a small room adjoined to the main club room. The girls were often invited into the room by other girls, who claimed it was part of the initiation ceremonies to reach the next level of witch powers. Inside the room was an occult style triangle on the wall, and Lambert often raped a girl while another held his victim's hand.
Lambert denies all four counts of rape and three counts of sexual assault. In fact, he accuses the girls of malicious fabrication. For now, the trial continues.


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Observe and Respect Zones of Fire in a Watercraft
When hunting from watercraft, it is crucial that you observe and respect zones of fire. This zone is always in front of the shooter. If there are two hunters and both are hunting, they should be sitting back to back.
If only one member of a group is hunting, that hunter should sit at the front of the watercraft. The others should sit at the rear to control the speed and direction of the watercraft. Consult local laws for regulations regarding the use of a watercraft while hunting.
Pack Appropriate Clothing
Ensure that you pack specialized clothing to keep you warm and dry.
Tie Down Equipment in the Watercraft
This is an extra precaution for when you expect to encounter rough waters. Your equipment will not be thrown overboard or lost if the watercraft capsizes.
Exit All Watercraft Safely
If you are alone, exit the watercraft and secure the landing first, then retrieve all firearms and hunting gear. For groups, one hunter should exit first and steady the watercraft for others on board. Always use 3 points of contact and keep your body low. Once the watercraft is secured, all firearms and hunting gear can be retrieved.
Know What to do if Your Watercraft Capsizes
If your watercraft capsizes, stay with it. Most will remain buoyant even when full of water. If you have a whistle connected to your Personal Flotation Device, use it to signal another person. If you are planning on hunting on or around water, you owe it to yourself to learn how to swim - it could save your life. If you are not very far from shore, slowly make your way back to shore. Get warm and dry fast.
SAFETY FIRST! Before hunting from a watercraft, attend an approved boater safety course prior to the hunting season. Visit BoaterExam.com for more information.


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This is based off a 40% win rate UD file I played months ago. It was bad, but when it won it won in pretty soul-crushing fashion.
I decided to un-UD it. I ended up with this.
If you create a field where you can activate Guardian Sphinx every turn, it's just a matter of wearing the opponent down. Until you get Rasamed or Merciless Deathed, but I can totally try to god-mode those with General's Orders or Faerie Blessing <_<.
Multi-sphereing to Gowen because that's what the original file did, and I think Myconida is the best win condition for this sort of file.
Guardian's really just there to be there. It's good with Verlaat I guess, but it's really just being played because "I probably need a tank, I guess I'll play Guardian"
Over the revisions that have been made to the file, it's won more than it's lost. So I count that as some kind of success.


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Unova Gyms
this wiki
In the Unova region, there are eight gyms in eight different cities. To enter the Unova Pokémon League, you must beat the Gym Leaders of these gyms. What makes the Gyms in Unova so unique as compared to the gyms in generation I - IV Games is that each of these Gyms looks different from one-another on the outside.
Striaton City Gym
This is the offical gym of Striaton City and the first gym of the region. This gym is unique from all other first gyms because it doubles as a restaurant. To proceed in this gym the player must step on a panel that is strong against the symbol depicted on the curtain. The Gym Leaders are Cilan, Cress and Chili, and the Gym Leader he/she faces depends on what starter Pokémon he/she chose at the beginning of the game. He/she will win the Trio Badge and TM83 (Work Up), if he/she beat any one of them.
Nacrene City Gym
The Gym in Nacrene City is unique because it is located behind the Nacrene Museum. To reach the Gym Leader, Lenora, the player must answer questions found in certain books in order to move a bookshelf and reveal a secret passage. When the player defeats her, he/she wins the Basic Badge and TM67 (Retaliate).
Castelia City Gym
The Castelia Gym is unique because unlike other gyms you enter the gym from the right side of the building instead of in front of it. The Gym interior is honeycomb designed and the player must push through honey walls and press switches in order to advance. If the player beats Burgh, the Gym Leader, he/she wins the Insect Badge and the TM76 (Struggle Bug). In pokemon Black 2 and White 2, his gym is a spider web with tunnels than blow you in. Burgh's room is full of paint
Nimbasa City Gym
|This article is a stub. Please help the Pokémon Wiki by expanding it.
Driftveil City Gym
In black and white, It is a series of elevators, witch makes Clay at the bottom. In black 2 and white 2 it has treadmills that lead to a orange platform where Clay is. Players who defeat him get the Quake Badge and TM78 (Bulldoze)
Mistraliton City Gym
In black and white it has cannons that go through hoops To where Skyla is. In black 2 and white 2 It has Wind turbines that blows you back. Players who defeat her get the Jet Badge and TM62 (Acrobatics)
Icurrus City gym
It has skating things and machines that make you spin. It leads to Brycen. Players who defeat him gets the Freeze Badge and TM79 (Frost Breath)
Opeluced City gym
In pokemon black and white It is shaped like 2 dragons that Form a path to Drayden\Iris. In black and white 2, the gym is identical to black and white but the dragons smash together. They lead up to Drayden. Players who defeat him get the legend badge and TM82 (Dragon Tail)
Virbank City Gym
It is a music club underground with Roxie's Band The Dogars. Players who defeat Roxie gets the Toxic badge and TM09 (Venoshock)


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Even though you may be dressing up as an elf this Halloween that doesn't mean your hair can be done any old way. Take a cue from your favorite video game elf and wear this Adult Warrior Elf Wig for an added affect. A shiny, bright blonde wig comes styled with a large bang and hangs to about the shoulder.
Our Price: $9.97


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SURF requires the latest update of Firefox. Go to Firefox's website and download the most recent and applicable Firefox, or you can click the Apple icon located on the menu bar then click Software Update. To check your current version of Firefox please do the following:
Cookies must be enabled in order to use SURF.
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If the auto-complete feature is active in the browser and the SURF password is updated, there may be conflicts which will affect successful login to SURF.
In Order to use SURF, you must ensure that your computer's date and time are correct. If incorrect, you can get an error message stating that your PeopleSoft connection has expired. Please do the following to check your computer's date and time:
If you have an International Computer (a computer that is viewed in your foreign language) you cannot log into SURF. SURF can only function in English. Please set your computer to the English language as listed below.


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Now you can bring some of the Disney magic with you everywhere you go when you purchase the Mickey Mouse Infant Disney's Costume. This costume features everyone's favorite mouse from the old cartoons. The costume features a black long sleeved jumpsuit with attached red pants on them. A detachable tail come with the jumpsuit that will really give your son the appearance of Mickey himself. Throw on the included headpiece to get mouse ears on your little kid's head and Mickey's face to finish off the look of this costume. Mickey Mouse is always having a good time and you can ensure that you will be too when your child is wearing this insanely cute costume. Mickey Mouse captures the spirit of Disney, and now your child can too with this.
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Decadant Truffles with Gingerbread Cookies and Biscoff, then dipped in chocolate! Great addition to any Holiday cookie tray.
Welcome to day #4 of Christmas Week, a multi-blogger event co-hosted by Kim of Cravings of a Lunatic and Jen of Juanita's Cocina. Today's theme for Christmas Week is "Gingerbread Surprise".
I make truffles every year for Christmas. I usually stick with a plain chocolate, a mint one, and then an almond flavored one. Last year I did Cookie Dough Tuffles, and my son is already requesting that we do those again this year. This year, I had to find a way to turn Biscoff into a truffle. And pairing it with Gingerbread seemed like a great combination.
These are super easy to make, and you can use all store bought ingredients if you want. Sssshhhhh, don't tell anyone, but that is what I did. All you have to do is find your favorite gingerbread cookie (or ginger snaps). Biscoff Cookies would be perfect too (I might have made some that way as well). Crush the cookies in your food processor, mix in some Biscoff spread, roll into balls, and dip in chocolate. They are a little crunchy in the inside, and completely decadent!
I gave these to my MIL for part of her Christmas present (we celebrated when we were in WI for Thanksgiving), and also gave some to my husbands Grandma. They got rave reviews all around. Even my Dad who is the ultimate skeptic with anything not 100% chocolate, thought they were delicious! So get in the kitchen, and make these for your holiday cookie tray.


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Sennelier French Artists' Watercolor Half Pans come in a range of 48 vivacious colors inspired by the original palette of the French Impressionists. Their honey-based formulation offers a smooth consistency as well as extraordinary brilliance, luminosity, and longevity.
Color Swatch created using heavy application/diluted application and was applied on cold press watercolor paper (150 lb) material.
polybromopolychlorinated copper(II) phthalocyanine
C32H3Cl13CuN8 to C32HCl15CuN8 or C32H16CuN8Cl15 (PG7) or C32Br6Cl10CuN8 (PG36)
Phthalo Green is a transparent, cool, bright, high intensity color used in oil and acrylics. It comes from a Phthalocyanine Blue pigment where most of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced with chlorine, forming highly stable molecules. Pigment PG36 differs from PG7 in that a portion of the chlorine atoms are replaced with bromine atoms, which are reactively similar, but cause a yellow shift that is especially noticeable in mixtures. Phthalo Green has similar pigment properties and permanence to Phthalo Blue. It is slow drying and an excellent base color for mixing a range of bright greens. Phthalo Green is considered a very good alternative to Viridian because it is intense and mixes well and can be used to emphasize mineral colors in various tints. However, its tinting strength is very high, so it can overpower other colors. This pigment most closely resembles the discontinued and toxic Verdigris.
Phthalo Greens are completely lightfast and resistant to alkali, acids, solvents, heat, and ultraviolet radiation. They are currently used in inks, coatings, and many plastics due to their stability and are considered a standard pigment in printing ink and the packaging industry.
Phthalo Green has no significant hazards, but it contained PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) until 1982.
This bright blue-green was developed in 1935 and has been in use since 1938.
Bocour Green, Cyan Green, Intense Green, Monastral Green, Phthalocyanine Green, Rembrandt Green, Thalo Green, Winsor Green.
® Sennelier is a registered trademark.


text: Photo zooms unavailable for this product Grace Hats Tokyo The Stella Watch Turband in Black $28.95 THIS ITEM IS OUT OF STOCK Want to know if it comes back in stock? SUBMIT Preparing your subscription Thank you for signing up, you will get an email when the product is back in stock. Shop None or Shop Grace Hats Tokyo Please enter a quantity. Sorry, you've requested more of this item than is available.


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49 U.S. Code § 41712 - Unfair and deceptive practices and unfair methods of competition
prev | next
(a) In General.— On the initiative of the Secretary of Transportation or the complaint of an air carrier, foreign air carrier, or ticket agent, and if the Secretary considers it is in the public interest, the Secretary may investigate and decide whether an air carrier, foreign air carrier, or ticket agent has been or is engaged in an unfair or deceptive practice or an unfair method of competition in air transportation or the sale of air transportation. If the Secretary, after notice and an opportunity for a hearing, finds that an air carrier, foreign air carrier, or ticket agent is engaged in an unfair or deceptive practice or unfair method of competition, the Secretary shall order the air carrier, foreign air carrier, or ticket agent to stop the practice or method.
(b) E-Ticket Expiration Notice.— It shall be an unfair or deceptive practice under subsection (a) for any air carrier, foreign air carrier, or ticket agent utilizing electronically transmitted tickets for air transportation to fail to notify the purchaser of such a ticket of its expiration date, if any.
(c) Disclosure Requirement for Sellers of Tickets for Flights.—
(1) In general.— It shall be an unfair or deceptive practice under subsection (a) for any ticket agent, air carrier, foreign air carrier, or other person offering to sell tickets for air transportation on a flight of an air carrier to fail to disclose, whether verbally in oral communication or in writing in written or electronic communication, prior to the purchase of a ticket—
(2) Internet offers.— In the case of an offer to sell tickets described in paragraph (1) on an Internet Web site, disclosure of the information required by paragraph (1) shall be provided on the first display of the Web site following a search of a requested itinerary in a format that is easily visible to a viewer.
Source(Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e),July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1143; Pub. L. 106–181, title II, § 221,Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat. 102; Pub. L. 111–216, title II, § 210,Aug. 1, 2010, 124 Stat. 2362.)
|Revised Section
|Source (U.S. Code)
|Source (Statutes at Large)
|49 App.:1381(a).
|Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, § 411(a), 72 Stat. 769; Oct. 4, 1984, Pub. L. 98–443, § 7(a), 98 Stat. 1706.
|49 App.:1551(b)(1)(E).
|Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, 72 Stat. 731, § 1601(b)(1)(E); added Oct. 4, 1984, Pub. L. 98–443, § 3(e), 98 Stat. 1704.
The words "such action by" are omitted as surplus. The words "opportunity for a" are added for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.
2010—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 111–216added subsec. (c).
2000—Pub. L. 106–181designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added subsec. (b).
Effective Date of 2000 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 106–181applicable only to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30, 1999, see section 3 ofPub. L. 106–181, set out as a note under section 106 of this title.
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


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The Women's Red Cancan Costume is bright and eye catching and a lot of fun to wear out on Halloween as a wild wild west saloon girl outfit. This fun and flirty outfit will be the highlight of any costume party and this dress was made for dancing and having a good time. The Women's Red Cancan Costume features a dazzling red sequin bodice, satin red and black striped sleeves, and a built in ruffled petticoat for an added decorative accent and for a full look to the skirt. The Women's Red Cancan Costume is sure to turn a lot of heads. Don't forget to browse through our accessories page for the perfect tiara or headpiece, shoes and stockings, or other great accessory ideas to make sure you have the exact look you're going for.
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May 6, 2016
Com Ed's Paul Calligan says the weather began pulling down power lines around 7:20 p.m. Wednesday night. The largest pockets of power loss are northwest Rockford and Cherry Valley with about 2,300 people left in the dark.
Com Ed said they have 40 crews out repairing downed power lines and they expect to have power restored to anyone still without power as soon as possible.
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Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


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|Greek Seasoned Grilled Pork Chops with Lemon and Oregano, served with Spicy Mexican Slaw!
(For Phase One Fridays I highlight Phase One recipes from the past that have been my personal favorites, and I first made these Greek-Seasoned Grilled Pork Chops in 2009, when my old house was in the middle of house renovations, the grill was in the neighbor's garage, and I was anxious to grill. Fast forward nearly four years and I'm living in a new house with a natural gas grill on the deck, and I still love this recipe! When my grill was packed away I cooked these on a stove-top grill pan, which is a great option if you don't have an outside grill.)
All year I wait for grilling season, so I'm trying to be patient about the fact that it's June and my grill is still packed away in the neighbor's garage, where it's been for quite a while! I guess not having a grill is making me think about things I'd like to be grilling, and the thought of grilled pork chops with a marinade similar to Souvlaki popped into my head last week. Luckily I have a stove-top grill pan, as well as a George Foreman grill, and I've now tried this recipe using both of those. If you like Souvlaki but want an easier version, you'll love these pork chops.
Greek-Seasoned Grilled Pork Chops with Lemon and Oregano
(Makes 4 pork chops, recipe adapted slightly from marinade for Kalyn's Souvlaki.)
4 boneless pork sirloin chops (my pork weighed 1 1/2 pounds before trimming)
Marinade Ingredients:
1/4 cup olive oil
1/4 cup fresh squeezed lemon juice
2 tsp. red wine vinegar
1 tsp. fresh lemon zest (or use 1/2 tsp. dried lemon peel)
2 tsp. dried Greek oregano (You can also use 2 T minced fresh Greek oregano, but I often use dried herbs in a marinade like this.)
2 tsp. minced fresh garlic (or use 1 tsp. dried granulated garlic)
fresh ground black pepper to taste (I used about 1/2 tsp.)
To cook, remove pork chops from refrigerator and let come to room temperature while you pre-heat gas or charcoal grill or George Foreman grill, or stove-top grill pan. (Preheat outdoor grills about 10 minutes. George Foreman grill or stove-top grill pan only needs to be preheated 4-5 minutes.)
For criss-cross grill marks, place pork chops on a diagonal to the grill grids, rotating 45 degrees when the first set of grill marks start to show. (I usually rotate after about 3 minutes on an outdoor grill, and maybe a little sooner on the George Foreman grill or stove-top grill pan. Whatever cooking method you're using, the best way to tell when to rotate things on the grill is to lift a corner of the food and check the grill marks.)
Pork chops will take about 10-12 minutes to get done on an outdoor grill or stove-top grill pan, and about 5-6 minutes on a George Foreman grill which cooks both sides at once. Pork chops are done when they feel firm (but not hard) to the touch and look slightly browned. Serve hot.
South Beach Suggestions:
Nutritional Information?
I chose the South Beach Diet to manage my weight partly so I wouldn't have to count calories, carbs, points, or fat grams, but if you want nutritional information for a recipe, I recommend entering the recipe into Calorie Count, which will calculate it for you.
More Grilled Pork Chops to Try:
(Recipes from other blogs may not always be South Beach Diet friendly; check ingredients.)
Grilled Pork Chops with Soy Sauce, Cumin, Lime, and Oregano from Kalyn's Kitchen
Grilled Pork Chops with Lemon, Garlic, and Sage from Kalyn's Kitchen
Grilled Pork Chops with Nectarine-Onion Salsa from The Bitten Word
Honey Mustard Grilled Pork Chops from Sass and Veracity
Grilled Teriyaki Pork Chops from Use Real Butter
(Want even more recipes? I find these recipes from other blogs using Food Blog Search.)
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Newport Brass 9486/26
Polished Chrome East Linear Double Handle Deck Mounted Pot filler Faucet
Item # BCI580322 | Model # 9486/26 | East Linear Collection
Questions about Newport Brass 9486/26?
Contact us for advice or more details. Our product specialists are here to help.
East Linear Double Handle Low Lead Compliant Deck Mounted Pot filler Faucet
Since 1989, Newport Brass has developed, designed and delivered classically constructed versatile suites of timeless kitchen, bath and shower products for the discerning customer. With over 20 years of commitment to well engineered solid brass designs and an undisputed reputation for performance and durability, Newport Brass continues to handcraft the finest fixtures with strict testing and quality assurance measures.
Faucet Features :
- Deck Mounted Installation
- Contemporary Style
- Double Handle
- ADA Compliant Lever Handles
- Brass Valve Bodies
- Quarter-turn Washer Less Ceramic Disc Valve Cartridges
- Solid Brass Construction
- Two-valve, Double Pivot Design
- Two Shut-off Valves
- Twin Knuckles
Faucet Specifications :
- First Arm Extends : 10-5/8"
- Full Extension (Second Arm) : 23-7/16"
- Height : 15-7/8"
- Spout Height : 13-7/8"
- Number of Handles : 2
- Handle Type : Metal Lever
- Escutcheon Diameter : 2-1/2"
- Escutcheon Height : 1/2"
- Material : Solid Brass
*For a wall mounted version of this pot filler please see the Newport Brass 9485*
Additional Newport Brass Links
- View the Manufacturer Warranty
- Browse All Newport Brass Products
- Newport Brass East Linear Collection
This Newport Brass item can also be referenced by the following color/finish specific model #:
- Newport Brass 9486/06
Antique Brass
- Newport Brass 9486/08A
Antique Copper
- Newport Brass 9486/65
- Newport Brass 9486/07
English Bronze
- Newport Brass 9486/56
Flat Black
- Newport Brass 9486/01
Forever Brass (PVD)
- Newport Brass 9486/24A
French Gold (PVD)
- Newport Brass 9486/54
Gloss Black
- Newport Brass 9486/14
Gun Metal
- Newport Brass 9486/52
Matte White
- Newport Brass 9486/10B
Oil Rubbed Bronze
- Newport Brass 9486/ORB
Oil Rubbed Bronze (Hand Relieved)
- Newport Brass 9486/26
Polished Chrome
- Newport Brass 9486/08
Polished Copper
- Newport Brass 9486/24
Polished Gold (PVD)
- Newport Brass 9486/15
Polished Nickel
- Newport Brass 9486/04
Satin Brass (PVD)
- Newport Brass 9486/10
Satin Bronze (PVD)
- Newport Brass 9486/26D*
Satin Chrome
- Newport Brass 9486/24S
Satin Gold (PVD)
- Newport Brass 9486/15S
Satin Nickel
- Newport Brass 9486/20
Stainless Steel (PVD)
- Newport Brass 9486/03N
Uncoated Polished Brass (Living)
- Newport Brass 9486/VB
Venetian Bronze
- Newport Brass 9486/03W
Weathered Brass (Living)
- Newport Brass 9486/08W
Weathered Copper (Living)
- Newport Brass 9486/50
*Discontinued model or finish
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May 6, 2016
PECATONICA (WIFR) -- Illinois State Police have indicated a school bus has been involved in an accident on Route 20 and North Jackson Road.
No children were on board the bus.
Westbound traffic will be redirected using the Eastbound lanes. Time commute accordingly.
We will have more details for you when they are released.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


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Greetings from the West Coast
I would like to introduce myself. My name is Joy and my blog is Joy's Misadventures. I take life one adventure at a time but in my case, Misadventures is more appropriate description. I enjoy sharing my successes, frustration, mistakes, and failures.
A little background on me, I have/had allergies since childhood. Between myself and my brother there was always an awareness of our surroundings and restrictions on what we were able to eat. I vividly remember one occasion when my little brother ate a strawberry at a local restaurant. Then all a sudden we had to leave and get medication into him because his throat started to close. Since then, he never ate another strawberry.
Unfortunately, my daughter inherited similar allergic reactions from my side of the family. I have always been aware of other people's allergies but my daughter made me very cautious when choosing foods she is able to eat.
At an early age, we found that she was allergic to seafood and nuts. We walked into a pizza parlor that had peanut shells on the floor and within 5 minutes after order, she turned bright read and started to itch uncontrollably. From that point on, I tried to find alternatives to foods I would think she would enjoy.
When I first started to experiment in making macarons, I felt bad telling her she couldn't have any. I would always feel bad when I would have to deny her of anything, especially food. I started to experiment in making alternatives ingredients for the little cookies.
My first attempt to a nut free macarons, it came out quite stiff and chalky. I substitute coconut flour for the almond flour without altering the amount. I had a feeling the coconut flour would work I needed to adjust the amount used.
According to the package 20% of the original amount in the recipe would be appropriate when using coconut flour. For example, if it required 100 grams of almond flour then 20g of coconut flour could be substituted. This is due to the dryness of the coconut flour. After quite a bit of experimenting, I came up with this recipe.
Coconut-banana Macaron with a Key Lime-White chocolate Ganache
Makes 20 Macarons
Coconut-Banana Macaron
- 175 Grams (3/4 + 1/8 Cup) of Sugar
- 67 Grams (2 Large Egg Whites) of Egg Whites
Flour Mixture
- 68 Grams (1/2 Cup) of Ground Banana Chips
- 20 Grams (1/4 Cup) of Coconut Flour
- 150 Grams (1 ¾ Cup) of Powder Sugar
- 67 Grams (2 Large Egg Whites) of Egg Whites
- Take the 1st set of egg whites into a large metal bowl and add the sugar. Let it sit for 5-10 minutes until the sugar is absorbed by the egg whites.
- In the meantime mix the coconut flour, powder sugar, and ground banana chips. I used a food processor.
- Place the mixture into a bowl and set aside.
- Whip the egg whites until it becomes medium peaks. Slightly stiff but still glossy. Set this aside.
- Take the flour/powder sugar mixture then stir in the other set of egg whites.
- Fold in the whipped egg whites into the flour mixture until it is well incorporated. The consistency resemble marshmallow but a little bit runnier. You should be able to make an indent in the mixture and it may hold the shape for a couple of seconds before it starts smoothing out.
- Place the mixture into a piping bag and pipe out 1 inch discs on a cookie sheet lined with parchment paper. Separate the cookies an inch apart. You will notice the cookies will keep the shape while starting to spread slightly.
- Let the cookies rest for an hour or two until a film is formed over the cookies.
- Pre-heat the oven to 300F. Place another cookie pan inside of the oven while it pre-heats (this helps when creating feet).
- Place the cookies on the first cookie sheet and bake for 12-15 minutes.
- Remove from the oven and allow it to cool completely before removing from the pan.
- Match up the cookie according to size.
- Make the Filling
Key Lime and White Chocolate Ganache
- 11 Ounces of White Chocolate
- 1 Cup of Heavy Cream
- 3 Tbs of Key Lime Juice
- Place the white chocolate and key lime juice in a medium bowl.
- Pour the cream into a medium sauce pan and heat over a medium heat.
- Once it starts to bubble, remove from the heat and pour over the chocolate.
- Let it sit for a couple of minutes to allow the chocolate to melt.
- Stir the chocolate until it is melted and smooth.
- Let it cool to room temp. This may take an hour.
- Once it is cooled, whip the chocolate at a low then a medium speed until it because fluffy.
- Spread the filling on one of the cookies.
- Place the matching side on the other side to form a sandwich cookie.
- Serve


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MIAMI (www.incnow.tv) - Notre Dame and Alabama went through their second of three practices scheduled for them in Florida Friday in advance of the Monday night's BCS Championship Game.
The team will do their final practices Saturday, and take part in media day.
For Tommy Schoegler's report from Florida click on the video icon on the screen above.
What are your thoughts CLICK HERE to leave us a "QUESTION OF THE DAY" comment.
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text: Barbara, Paris lingerie fashions are for the everyday modern woman who loves comfort and beauty in her lingerie. Barbara, Paris uses European inspiration to create the lovely styles. To the designers, Barbara, Paris is not a brand, but a being that represents all women. Barbara lingerie bras go from a size A to an F cup. Barbara is credited as the first brand to use the spacer material in a seamless bra. This fabric is lightweight, 3D, breathable and wrinkle-free. Each fashion is still manufactured by hand with great attention to detail and quality. Each style is fitted then wear-tested until it reaches perfection. Barbara, Paris is known to lingerie loves as a French designer of upscale lingerie that combines creative and comfort. With details like the use of Leavers' lace and embroidery, Barbara dresses you in high couture. The bold colors are beautiful as the fabrics are comfortable. Shop HerRoom for the latest styles from Barbara, Paris.


text:
Have a question? Checking for available team member, please stand by.
Everest Colleges, Institutes and Universities comply with all applicable federal, state and industry regulations. For more information on these regulations, please click a document below to download:
For more information about our graduation rates, the median debt of students who completed the program, and other important information, please select a campus and program below:
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text:
31 U.S. Code § 9104 - Congressional action on budgets of wholly owned Government corporations
prev | next
(a) Congress shall—
(b) This section does not—
(1) prevent a wholly owned Government corporation from carrying out or financing its activities as authorized under another law;
Source(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1043.)
|Revised Section
|Source (U.S. Code)
|Source (Statutes at Large)
|31:849(1st sentence).
|Dec. 6, 1945, ch. 557, § 104, 59 Stat. 598; restated July 30, 1947, ch. 358, § 307, 61 Stat. 584.
|31:849(2d, last sentences).
In subsection (a), the words "budget programs for wholly owned Government corporations" are substituted for "Budget programs" for clarity and consistency. The words "legislation . . . be enacted", "as may be", "for expenditure", "corporate funds or other", "or limiting the use thereof", "as the Congress may determine", and "funds" are omitted as surplus.
In subsection (b), the word "existing" is omitted as surplus. In clause (1), the word "another" is added for clarity. In clause (3), the words "contracts or other" and "reference to" are omitted as surplus.
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


text:
May 6, 2016
Roadwork on one highway in the east begins today and is expected to last a couple of months.
The traffic pattern on N.C. 43 in Greenville will shift into a two-lane two-way road on U.S. 264 just west of B's Barbeque Road. Roadwork starts this morning at 8:00 a.m. and will continue until March 29 as crews widen and repave the road.
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Restoring a Databank
Restoring a databank after it has been damaged or destroyed will typically involve both the host file system and SQL statements.
Note: Data need not be restored in the event of a power failure or system shut-down that does not damage the databank files, since any transactions that were committed but not completed at the time of the failure are automatically completed when the databank involved is next accessed.
Any databank restore operation must start with a backup copy of the databank file that is not damaged or corrupt. This is generally the copy taken during the last backup, either taken by the host operating system or by using the SQL system management statements for online backup.
Usually, the host file system is used to copy the backup file from the backup media to disk. The file is generally placed in the normal location for the databank file (as recorded in the data dictionary, SYSDB). However, in certain circumstances it may be necessary to place it in an alternative location, e.g. if the disk is unavailable.
The procedure for restoring a databank is as follows:
Note: Step 2 and 3 are only required during certain circumstances:
- Bring a valid backup copy of the databank from the backup media to disk.
- If the file has been placed in a location that is different to the location of the original databank file, alter the databank to reference the new file location using the following command:SQL> ALTER DATABANK databank-name INTO 'new-file-name'
- If restoring from an older backup, i.e. not the latest one, information should be restored from the LOGDB included in the following backup (that was taken after the time the backup restored in step 1 was taken).
For each LOGDB backup file, the information recorded in it should be applied to the databank using the following command:SQL> ALTER DATABANK databank-name RESTORE USING 'logdb-backup-file-name'
- Finally, apply the updates made since the most recent backup(s) restored in the preceding steps were taken. These updates are currently recorded in LOGDB and they are restored using the following command:SQL> ALTER DATABANK databank-name RESTORE USING LOG
Upright Database Technology AB
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text:
May 6, 2016
-- Valdosta, Ga. -- February 14, 2013 --
One Valdosta resident said "I got my dog a gift, a stuffed dog with a heart on it." Another said "we're just having an all girls party." Some have more expensive tastes then others on Valentines day. Another resident said "it better be something good, like diamonds!!"
But for many in Valdosta it wasn't bling or a new car... Flower power was the language of love.
Susan Mullis' shop, The Flower Gallery, has been serving Valdosta's romantics for the last forty years. This year she had to hire extra workers to man the phones, design the bouquets and deliver the goods.
This season there 500 orders placed at the Flower Gallery. All in all the store does more than $20,000 worth of business on Valentine's Day alone.
In total, this year's holiday is estimated to contribute more than $18 billion to the national economy.
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Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


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Riverrun is the seat of House Tully. It is a large castle located in the central-western part of the Riverlands. It sits at the point where the Red Fork of the Trident Riveris joined by its major tributary, the Tumblestone River flowing out of the west. In times of danger, sluice gates can be opened to flood a channel cut to the west of the castle, turning Riverrun into an island. Its walls rise sheer from the waters and its towers command the opposite shores, making assaulting it almost impossible without huge casualties.[1]
Notable residents of the castle
- Lord {Hoster Tully}, the late Lord of Riverrun and Lord Paramount of the Riverlands.
- Lady {Minisa Whent}, his wife, who died many years ago in childbirth.
- Lady Catelyn Tully, his eldest daughter, widow of Lord Eddard Stark. Currently with her eldest son, King Robb Stark, who was born at Riverrun.
- Lady Lysa Tully, his second daughter, widow of Lord Jon Arryn and Lady Regent of the Vale. Currently at the Eyrie.
- Lord Edmure Tully, the current Lord of Riverrun and Lord Paramount of the Riverlands.
- Lord Petyr Baelish, known as "Littlefinger", the current Lord of Harrenhal and Master of Coin at the small council. Fostered at Riverrun as a ward of Lord Hoster.
- Ser Brynden Tully, known as "the Blackfish", Lord Hoster's brother.
Behind the scenes
For the television series, it has been reported that Gosford Castle in County Armagh, Northern Ireland was used for Riverrun filming location for unspecified episode(s) of Season 3.[2]
In the books
In the A Song of Ice and Fire novels, Riverrun is a triangular castle made of sandstone. It is located at the confluence of the Tumblestone River and the Red Fork of the The Trident River.
Riverrun has been in the possession of House Tully for a thousand years. It became the seat of rule over the region when House Tully rebelled against the ironborn occupiers and allied with Aegon the Conqueror three centuries ago.
See also
- ↑ HBO viewers guide, season 2 map, Riverrun entry
- ↑ Miller, Susan (August 3, 2012). Day 26: Gosford Castle as Riverrun WinterIsComing.Net
|Edmure Tully
|Bran Stark
|The Riverlands
|Lord Paramount of the Riverlands · Lord of Riverrun
|Edmyn Tully
|Current members:
|Brynden Tully · Roslin Tully
|Deceased members:
|Catelyn Stark · Hoster Tully · Minisa Tully · Lysa Arryn
|Brienne of Tarth
|Regional Capital:
Seagard · Wendish Town · Fairmarket · Riverrun · The Twins · Harrenhal · Raventree Hall · Stone Hedge · Crossroads Inn · High Heart · Acorn Hall · Maidenpool · Pinkmaiden · Stoney Sept
|Rivers and Lakes:
|Geographic Features:
The Neck · Ironman's Bay · Cape of Eagles · Whispering Wood · Isle of Faces · Hollow Hill


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WASHINGTON – Montgomery County police are searching for a 23-year-old man who went missing in Northwest D.C. shortly after ringing in the new year.
Michael Steven Poe of Clarksburg, Md., was last seen at Shenanigans Bar in Adams Morgan around 12:30 a.m. Jan. 1. He was with friends at the time, but later split up from the group and never returned home.
Officials say he was last heard from at 2:30 a.m. after placing a call on his mobile phone.
He is described as a white male with red hair and hazel eyes. He is 5-foot-11 and weighs about 175 pounds.
Anyone with information is asked to call Montgomery County police at 301-279-8000.
Follow @WTOP on Twitter.
(Copyright 2013 by WTOP. All Rights Reserved.)
The red carpet sizzled as Hollywood and media elite met at the 2016 White House Correspondents' Dinner. See Photos from the Washington Hilton.


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CompuBox: Ramirez Averages 97 Thrown Per Round
Impressive performance by whirlwind southpaw Gilberto Ramirez, who averaged 97 punches thrown per round/30 landed. Giovanni Lorenzo had his moments in round three, but was overwhelmed by the fresher fighter.
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Call it the Holliday rule.
The Broncos love when Trindon Holliday scores touchdowns. They'd just like him to hold on to the ball a little longer as he does it.
Holliday has scored return touchdowns in consecutive games — a 105-yard kickoff return against the Bengals to go with a 76-yard punt return against the Panthers — and nonchalantly dropped the ball at, or before, the goal line on each.
Neither was waved off by the league-mandated replay review of all scoring plays, but it was too close for Broncos coach John Fox's liking. The NFL said Monday, however, that Holliday's touchdown against the Panthers should have been a touchback instead, for the Panthers.
Now Holliday has to turn in the ball to get back into the Broncos' bench area.
"He's got full instructions from Jeff Rodgers, our special-teams coach, to bring the ball all the way back to him," Fox said. "Bring it to the sideline, hand it to your coach."
Asked if he realized he gave up the ball too early against the Panthers, Holliday said Monday: "No, I didn't realize that. Actually, it happened last week too, and I thought I was actually in the end zone this time, but they told me I wasn't. So I had to go back and look at the film and I really wasn't, so Coach told me next time to just bring him the ball, so we'll be all right.
"Just cross the goal line and bring him the football to be on the safe side."
The game's replay official, Bob Boylston, confirmed the touchdown shortly after the play, so the Broncos had a 14-7 lead after the play.
In a statement Monday, the NFL said: "Boylston should have stopped the game to initiate an instant replay review" and that the ball should have been awarded to the Panthers on the Carolina 20-yard line.
Porter still waiting. Broncos cornerback Tracy Porter said Monday he doesn't know when he will return to the practice field.
Porter has not played since he experienced the same symptoms Oct. 14 that he experienced just before a seizure in August. Porter has practiced sparingly since, and has missed the last four games. He did not practice last week.
Footnotes. Fox said the Broncos' fumble woes — the team has lost 12 this season and only the Chiefs have lost more — are "not acceptable" and will be among the things emphasized this week. ... Broncos defensive tackle Kevin Vickerson had his first two-sack game Sunday. He had 3½ sacks over the previous 52 games.


text:
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highlightsUsed Condition: 9
Shows signs of use, but very clean
Additional Comments: BOX *W/O FLASH MOUNT STAND*
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The VS-510C Wireless TTL Shoe Mount Flash from Bolt is a dedicated E-TTL / E-TTL II flash for use with Canon DSLR, mirrorless or point-and-shoot cameras. The VS-510 features a guide number of 141' at ISO 100 and an adjustable tilt head with five positions: 0 to 90°. You can also twist it to the left up to 120° and to the right up to 180°. It covers a 24-105mm range (in 35mm full frame format) and also offers rear curtain synchronization for shooting at slower shutter speeds. The included stand allows you to set the flash up on a flat surface, or to attach it to a tripod head, light stand, or clamp that has a standard 1/4"-20 mount.
The VS-510 has an autofocus assist for low-light photography, and an automatic power-saving function that turns the flash off when it's inactive. It is powered by four AA batteries (not included), with a flash duration between 1/1000 and 1/20,000 of a second. The flash supports high-speed sync up to a quick 1/8000 sec for shooting outdoors at wide apertures and fast shutter speeds. It also has rear-curtain sync.
|Guide No.
141.08' (43 m) ISO100 at 50 mm position
164' (49.99 m) ISO100 at 105 mm position
|Exposure Control
|E-TTL / E-TTL II, Manual
|1/1 - 1/32
|Bounce Head
|0° to +90°
|Swivel Head
120° left, 180° right
|35 mm (Full frame)
|Zoom Head
|Full frame: 24 mm - 105 mm
|Off Camera Terminal
|Recycle Time
|Approximately 0.5 - 9 seconds
|Flash Duration
|1/20000 - 1/1000 sec
|Flash-ready Indicator
|Wireless Operation
Method: Optical pulse
Distance: Up to 33' / 10.06 m
|Wireless Communication Channels
|4 Channels
|Wireless Groups
|3 Groups
|Power Source
|4x AA Alkaline, Lithium, Rechargeable NiMH Batteries
|Dimensions (WxHxD)
|2.6 x 3.9 x 4.7" / 6.5 x 10.0 x 12.0 cm
|9.17 oz / 260 g without batteries


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View Job
START YOUR CAREER: Salaried Organizers to Protect the Environment
Work for Progress | Providence RI 02901 USA | Full Time | Posted: 11/26/2012
Job Descriptiontop
Companies including BP and Monsanto spend millions of dollars to spin the news and polish their brands while they fight critical legislation that will save our environment, ensure equal rights, and protect public health.
The difference between winning and losing these critical campaigns - and making sure the public hears the true story - is YOU.
Lead grassroots campaigns to preserve the environment, protect consumers, defend equal rights and more.
The Fund needs smart and talented leaders to be directors to run campaign offices, recruit staff, and get out into the community to educate citizens about critical issues. By running massive campaigns for top non-profits to educate and activate citizens, we can go up against companies like BP and protect our environment. We can help average Americans stand up to Monsanto and make sure our government stops subsidizing unhealthy food. By teaching new activists how to engage other citizens on issues they care about, we can combat the misinformation that Fox News spreads every day.
Does this sound like a job for you?
The Fund for the Public Interest is currently hiring Citizen Outreach Directors and Assistant Directors to run grassroots canvass offices around the country.
The Fund has been running and winning grassroots campaigns for more than 25 years. We've signed up 400,000 members for Environment America and U.S. PIRG. We've expanded the Human Rights Campaign's grassroots base into places like Texas, Ohio and Georgia. We've raised over $500 million for these groups to win their campaigns. And that's just the start.
As a Citizen Outreach Director or Assistant Director, you'll recruit, train and lead a staff of 10-40 canvassers. You and your staff will go out into communities to build support for critical campaigns, raise money, mobilize support and recruit members for some of the nation's top progressive organizations. You'll manage your staff, plan your campaign work, handle the administrative details, and learn how to do everything it takes to run a successful grassroots campaign office.
Outreach Directors will earn $24,000-$27,500 in their first year, depending on position. The Fund offers a generous benefits package that includes fully-paid health care, college loan assistance, two-weeks of paid vacation, paid holidays, and paid sick days. Directors are also eligible to join our 401(k) program in their second year. We also offer an extensive training program that includes both classroom study and hands-on field work.
Apply online at: http://www.fundjobs.org
We'll carefully consider your application, and if we think you're a good fit we'll get in touch.
Learn more at our web site and apply online.
The Fund for the Public Interest is an equal opportunity employer and will not discriminate against any employee or applicant on the basis of race, color, national or ethnic origin, religion, age, gender, handicap, pregnancy, sexual orientation, or veteran status.
This is a Work for Progress recruitment campaign conducted on behalf of the Fund for the Public Interest.
Job Detailstop
|Providence, RI, 02901, United States
|Civil Rights/Social Action Advocacy, Environment/Wildlife/Quality Protection/Beautification, Foundation/Grant-making/Philanthropy/Volunteerism, Energy
|Campaign Organizer
Location Maptop
Contact Informationtop
|Contact Name
|David Vinson
|How to apply
|Applications are no longer accepted for this job posting.
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text:
English Portuguese Dictionary
Books & Reference
by Vietlevelsoft
Developer Notes
You can easy refer to over 150,000 words for English-Portuguese Dictionary Pro(offline dictionary) and mp3 and 150,000 words for English-English Dictionary(offline dictionary). Especial you can search two dictionary for a word(Two in one).
you can easy refer to 2500 conversational...


text:
this wiki
A black mockingbird on a yellow field
Lord Paramount of the Riverlands
The Riverlands (de jure)
House Baelish was formerly a minor and small vassal house that holds fealty to House Arryn of the Vale. It rules over The Riverlands.
The sigil of House Baelish is a grey stone head with firery eyes on a light green field. However, the current lord of the house, Lord Petyr Baelish, called "Littlefinger", prefers to use his personal emblem of a black mockingbird almost exclusively. Since he is the only living member of the house, the mockingbird sigil is more commonly associated with the name.
- Lord Petyr Baelish, called "Littlefinger", Lord of Harrenhal and Lord Paramount of the Riverlands, the only living member of the family.
In the books
In the A Song of Ice and Fire novels, House Baelish began with Petyr's great-grandfather, a common sellsword from Braavos who traveled to Westeros and took up service with House Corbray of the Vale. The sellsword's son (Petyr's grandfather) was also a warrior: he won great honor, converted to the Faith of the Seven and was knighted. He took the head of the Titan of Braavos as his sigil. Petyr's own father held some land, but only a few stony acres in the Fingers.
Petyr's father fought in the War of the Ninepenny Kings, the preemptive assault on the forces of Maelys Blackfyre, the last of the Blackfyre Pretenders, before they could attempt an invasion of Westeros. During the conflict Petyr's father came into contact with Lord Hoster Tully. They became allies through circumstances unknown, and Hoster agreed to foster Petyr at Riverrun, where he befriended Catelyn and Lysa Tully.
Petyr is the only living member of House Baelish, though it is so poor that he gained all of his current wealth due to his own career as a treasurer. Petyr's great skills with numbers and banking led him to become the tax and revenue collector for Gulltown, the principal city of the Vale. At Lord Jon Arryn's suggestion, King Robert Baratheon later made Petyr his Master of Coin for the whole realm, a role he continues to serve in until he is sent back to the Vale to enter into a profitable marriage-alliance with Lysa Arryn.
The only real benefit Petyr received from being born into House Baelish is that it technically made him a member of the minor nobility, thus allowing his initial entry into court life. Petyr downplays his partial descent from the Free Cities of the east, even abandoning the use of the original sigil of House Baelish, displaying the Titan of Braavos, to his own personal sigil featuring a mockingbird. Thus it is somewhat ironic that he criticizes Varys for being from the Free Cities.
Petyr rarely returns home, leaving the keeping of his minor towerhouse to a small staff.
Petyr prefers to use his own personal sigil of a mockingbird, rather than House Baelish's original sigil which displays the head of the Titan of Braavos. Petyr wanted to be accepted into the upper nobility of Westeros, and the Titan's head would only have served to remind others than his family had foreign roots. Given that Petyr is the only living member of House Baelish, this means that the Titan's head sigil has been functionally replaced by Petyr's personal mockingbird sigil as the "official" symbol of his House. The mockingbird sigil has not appeared prominently in heraldry on the TV series so far (though Petyr does prominently wear a mockingbird-shaped broach). The one time it has appeared was on a ship's sail in Season 3, in which it seemed to be a black mockingbird on a yellow field. In the books, the sigil actually consists of a field of multiple silver mockingbirds, on a green plain.
Image Gallery
See also
- House Baelish at A Wiki of Ice and Fire (MAJOR spoilers from the books)
|The Crownlands:
|The Stormlands:
|The Riverlands:
|The Iron Islands:
|The North:
|The Vale:
|The Reach:
|The Westerlands:
Casterly · Durrandon · Gardener · Hoare · Mudd · Baratheon of Dragonstone . House Martell
House Baelish
|Lord Petyr Baelish
|The Eyrie (regency) / Baelish Keep / Harrenhal (nominally)
|The Vale of Arryn /The Riverlands (nominally)
|Lord Protector of the Vale
Lord Regent of the Eyrie
Lord of Baelish Keep
Lord of Harrenhal (nominally)
Acting Warden of the East
|Current members:
|Deceased members:
|Baelish · Baelish · Baelish
|Lothor Brune · Olyvar · {Ros}
|House Frey / House Arryn
Houses from the Riverlands
|Great House:
|Noble Houses:
|Knightly Houses:
|Extinct Houses:
Darry · Harroway · Lothston · Mudd · Strong · Towers · Qoherys
|Exiled Houses
Houses from the Vale of Arryn
|Great House:
|Noble Houses:
Corbray · Egen · Lynderly · Hunter · Moore · Royce · Tollett · Waynwood
|Lesser Houses:


text:
The terms and conditions of the Jaeger-LeCoultre Limited Warranty
The following terms and conditions of the Jaeger-LeCoultre Limited Warranty apply only to watches sold or presented for warranty repairs in the United States of America and Canada. Your Jaeger-LeCoultre watch is guaranteed against all manufacturing defects for two years from the date of purchase, subject to the following conditions. Any part found by our technical services to be defective as a result of a manufacturing defect will, at the sole discretion of Jaeger-LeCoultre, be repaired or replaced free of charge. The Jaeger-LeCoultre Limited Warranty is valid only if the warranty certificate enclosed with this booklet has been duly completed, dated, stamped and signed by the authorised Jaeger-LeCoultre retailer who sold your watch. This Jaeger-LeCoultre Limited Guarantee does not cover defects resulting from accidents, mishandling or incorrect or abusive use (for example, knocks, dents, crushing, excessive temperatures, powerful magnetic fields), the use of or effect of using batteries other than those designated by Jaeger-LeCoultre, unauthorised alteration or repair or the consequences of normal wear and ageing of the watch, the strap or the glass, the loss of water-resistance after two years from the date of purchase if your watch is water-resistant, or any defect resulting from contact with water if your watch is not water-resistant. Jaeger-LeCoultre water-resistant watches may be identified by the symbol engraved on the back. Their water-resistance is guaranteed for two years from the date of purchase, provided that the glass, the bezel, the back, the middle part and the crown have not been damaged. It is essential to have the water-resistance checked by an authorised Jaeger-LeCoultre retailer or an official Jaeger-LeCoultre Service Centre at least once a year, and in any event, prior to any period of intensive use (please refer to the operating instructions for further details). For quartz watches, this guarantee does not cover the battery life. Except insofar as prohibited by applicable law, this Limited Warranty shall be the exclusive manufacturer warranty. Neither this Limited Warranty nor any other warranties, whether express or implied, including, but not limited to, any implied warranty of merchantability or of fitness for any particular purpose, shall extend beyond the period of two years from the date of purchase. The liability of Jaeger-LeCoultre is limited solely and exclusively to repair or replacement under the terms and conditions stated herein. Jaeger-LeCoultre shall not be liable, by virtue of this Limited Warranty or otherwise, for any loss or damage arising out of the use of or inability to use this watch nor for any incidental or consequential damages relating in any way to this watch. Some States, Provinces and Territories do not allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts or the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitations or exclusions may not apply to you.


text:
Frederick Johnson Playground
7 Ave. bet. W. 150 St. and W. 151 St.
Directions via Google Maps
Frederick Johnson (1891-1963) was an inspirational tennis player, coach, teacher and Harlem native who enriched the lives of countless members of this community. Johnson was a gifted sportsman from his earliest years, but an accident from his youth claimed his left arm just above the elbow. Determined to remain active, he soon taught himself to play tennis, defying everyone's expectations about his apparent disability. After developing his own unique style of play, Johnson eventually competed professionally.
Know when to go:
View upcoming athletic area usage in
Frederick Johnson Playground


text:
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Los Angeles, Manhattan Beach, Hermosa Beach, Redondo Beach, Torrance, Long Beach, Palos Verdes, El Segundo, Brentwood, Santa Monica, Malibu, Venice, West LA, San Fernando Valley, Marina del Rey, Culver City, Van Nuys, Burbank, Hollywood, Thousand Oaks, Camarillo, Oxnard, Glendale, Pasadena, Calabassas, Topanga, Encino and all homes in between!
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X-FAB Reports Strong Growth in First Quarter of 2007Erfurt, Germany, 5月 23, 2007.
X-FAB Silicon Foundries, the world's leading foundry group for analog/mixed-signal semiconductor applications, recorded sales of USD 85.4 million in the first quarter of 2007, up 53.0 percent from the same period last year. This very strong growth is due primarily to expansion achieved through X-FAB Sarawak. The Malaysian site was not included in the consolidated figures until September 2006. Compared to the fourth quarter of 2006, which includes X-FAB Sarawak, sales increased by approximately 11.5 percent.
The operating result (EBIT) improved by 9.0 percent to USD 8.9 million year-over-year.
Expenditures for research and development totaled USD 6.3 million or 7.4 percent of sales. One focus of R&D activities is technology development for X-FAB's 0.18 µm analog/mixed-signal process family, which is intended to pave the way for future growth.
Net income for the first quarter was USD 6.8 million. This corresponds to an increase of 17.1 percent.
X-FAB's acquisition of ZFOUNDRY at the end of March 2007 is not included in the figures for the first quarter because the consolidation took effect April 1, 2007.
Hans-Jürgen Straub, CEO of the X-FAB Group, commented: "Based on our considerably expanded production capacities and the continually high volume of orders coming in that currently translates into a book-to-bill ratio of 1.11, we are targeting sales of approximately USD 400 million for fiscal 2007. In terms of sales, we expect to surpass the USD 100 million barrier in the second quarter for the first time.
Note regarding the press release of March 22, 2007
The preliminary net income for 2006 reported in March was raised to USD 35 million after the publication of the press release, due to the measurement of deferred taxes.