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Juvenile common five-lined skinks have conspicuous bright blue tails which fade with age.
Related species for the Herring gull (Larus argentatus)
By Taxonomy
« Back to the Herring gull (Larus argentatus)
Slender-billed gull (Larus genei)
The slender-billed gull (Larus genei) is most easily identified by its distinctive profile, with a long, sloping forehead and a long…
More about the slender-billed gull »
0 videos
Mediterranean gull (Larus melanocephalus)
Information on the Mediterranean gull is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly.…
More about the mediterranean gull »
0 videos
Little gull (Larus minutus)
Aptly named for being the smallest gull in the world, the little gull (Larus minutus) is also distinguished by its broad, rounded wings…
White-eyed gull (Larus leucophthalmus)
This gull species can be identified by its black head and upper breast, dark back and dark grey wings. The brown eyes are surrounded by a…
More about the white-eyed gull »
0 videos
Caspian gull (Larus cachinnans)
Previously listed as a subspecies of the herring gull (Larus argentatus), the Caspian gull (Larus cachinnans) is now considered to be a…
0 videos
Common gull (Larus canus)
The name common gull (Larus canus) is rather misleading, as this gull is not all that common. It is generally similar in appearance to…
0 videos
Kelp gull (Larus dominicanus)
The kelp gull is a large bird with slate-black wings, a white head and body, and an all-white tail. The underwing is white, tipped black…
Lava gull (Larus fuliginosus)
There are less than 800 lava gulls alive, making this the rarest gull in the world. The name comes from its dark sooty-grey plumage, which…
Audouin's gull (Larus audouinii)
With typical gull colouring of black, white and grey, Audouin's gull's most distinctive features are its scarlet red bill and dark eye. The…
Black-billed gull (Larus bulleri)
Adapted for sustained, soaring flight, the black-billed gull has a compact body with long wings and a fan-shaped tail to help control…
Heermann's gull (Larus heermanni)
Heermann's gull is distinctive with a dark grey-brown back and wings, pale grey underside and rump, and white head, tips to the tail and…
Sooty gull (Larus hemprichii)
Information on the sooty gull is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly.…
0 videos
Black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus)
The common name of this species is inaccurate, as adult black-headed gulls (Larus ridibundus) have a chocolate-brown head in summer. In…
Saunder's gull (Larus saundersi)
A small gull with a black hood and nape, but only during the breeding season, Saunder's gull has a white body with pale grey wings and a…
Relict gull (Larus relictus)
Resembling the common gull in the first year of life, the relict gull is white, with pale grey wings tipped with dark-greyish brown. The…
0 videos
Olrog's gull (Larus atlanticus)
This large gull has a white head, neck, rump and underside, with black wings and a black band on the tail. The legs and bill are yellow, and…
0 videos
Pallas's gull (Larus ichthyaetus)
One of the largest of all gulls, Pallas's gull (Larus ichthyaetus) has bold plumage, with a particularly distinctive velvety-black 'hood'…
Bonaparte's gull (Larus philadelphia)
An unusually graceful, dove-like gull species, Bonaparte's gull (Larus philadelphia) is one of the smallest gulls in North America. It is a…
Grey gull (Larus modestus)
Although rather indistinct in appearance, the grey gull (Larus modestus) is unusual among gulls for nesting in the extremely arid and barren…
Silver gull (Larus novaehollandiae)
A small- to medium-sized gull species, the silver gull (Larus novaehollandiae) has a slim body, narrow wings and a sloping forehead. The…
Lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus)
A familiar and abundant inhabitant of the European coastline, the lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus) is a medium-sized gull species…
Laughing gull (Larus atricilla)
The laughing gull (Larus atricilla) is a familiar bird of North American coasts with a distinctive appearance and almost hysterical…
Glaucous-winged gull (Larus glaucescens)
Information on the glaucous-winged gull is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly.…
Great black-backed gull (Larus marinus)
The largest of the gulls, the great black-backed gull (Larus marinus) is a dominating predator that has been described as a "merciless…
Sandwich tern (Sterna sandvicensis)
A medium-sized pale tern, the sandwich tern (Sterna sandvicensis) is considered to be one of six species of 'crested' tern, which, according…
River tern (Sterna aurantia)
Information on the river tern (Sterna aurantia) is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly.…
Royal tern (Sterna maxima)
A large tern of the family Sternidae, the royal tern (Sterna maxima) is second only in size to the Caspian tern. It is considered to be one…
Gull-billed tern (Sterna nilotica)
Information on the gull-billed tern is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly.…
Ivory gull (Pagophila eburnea)
This distinctive gull is most striking in appearance when in its pure white adult plumage, which blends beautifully into its icy, Arctic…
Black-fronted tern (Sterna albostriata)
This small, threatened bird is one of many tern species that live around the New Zealand coast, but is unique by being the only one that…


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That sounds really awesome. Do you have a screeny you could post to show the result?
And yeah... I know it is a pain to remove the trees around the edge of my forest sheet, made worse by the fact that the style I used had them all pretty damn close to each other. But I've used it a few times now and it is a LOT faster than doing the whole forest by hand a brush at a time. But yes, it is fiddly.
This sounds like it could be really cool.

subset: commoncrawl


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May 5, 2016
DURANT, OK-Three people involved in a fatal accident on Highway 69/75 in Durant Thursday are now in stable condition.
Durant police Lt. Chris Marcy said Carl Shipman of Cartwright was taken to MCSO, Oleta and David Calvert of Tulsa were taken to TMC, all are in stable condition.
Investigators said thick fog Thursday morning blinded Kenneth Anders Jr., an Illinois truck driver, who crashed into another semi and two other cars. Anders was killed.
That accident caused traffic delays for several hours.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
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April 8, 2012
Keith Niebuhr
Rivals.com Football Recruiting
Wyatt Teller was among dozens of top prospects giving Rivals.com the latest on their recruitment during Saturday's Rivals/VTO camp in Virginia. ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now!
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Schmidt Brothers® - 10 PC. Milled Steel Set w/ Downtown Block
Act fast! Items with prices ending in $0.99 are final sale.
No longer available
By the slice. Designed by the New York-based Schmidt Brothers® exclusively for west elm, the 10-Piece Milled Steel Set is crafted from professional-grade stainless steel and acacia wood end caps for added balance. This high-quality collection will have you slicing and dicing in stylish ease.
Exclusive collaboration with Schmidt Brothers®.
Learn more.
Forged, precision-sharp blades.
100% German, professional-grade stainless steel.
Acacia wood end caps.
Patented Schmidt Brothers Curve™ provides a space for the forefinger to rest and guide the knife for greater control.
Urban Block showcases knives magnetically on clear, stylized acrylic.


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Kathy Stewart, wtop.com
ARLINGTON, Va. – Can't find that perfect gift for the person in your life who really doesn't need anything?
We've got an alternative type of gift-giving. It's called "Gifts That Give Hope."
Saturday, the second "Gifts That Give Hope Arlington" holiday gift fair was held at Calvary United Methodist Church in Arlington.
But this fair is a little different. Organizer Tara Bibb says the fair features 15 non-profits. Shoppers choose the charity of their choice, make a donation and get a card in return.
The holiday gift card explains that a donation was made in honor of the person who is receiving the card for the holiday.
"You can cross off the person on your shopping list and at the same time you are helping people who truly need it," Bibb says.
The gift fair continues online through Dec. 20.
Follow @WTOP on Twitter.
(Copyright 2012 by WTOP. All Rights Reserved.)
Recipes that will make your mouth water.


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Events for November 2012
June 25, 2011 - December 7, 2014
Special Exhibit
Picturing Science
This exhibition features more than 20 sets of large-format images that showcase the wide range of research being conducted at the Museum as well as how various optical tools are used in scientific studies.
Saturday, November 3
Members Only Programs
Members-Only Nature Trip to Oyster Bay
Museum ornithologist Paul Sweet will lead a Member nature excursion to Oyster Bay.
Registration Closed
Members Only


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Review Details
Ameda Purely Yours Breast Pump
- Product Review (submitted on January 12, 2010):
- I like the pump. I was using Playtex before that, and I like this one better. It's worth the price and it's quiet compared to the Playtex. I just ordered the flexshields so it's more comfortable than the plastic rubbing on your breasts. This pump is really close to the Medela that I used at the hospital.
Ameda Tweets
Moms Love Ameda
Ameda's Dedication to Quality and Safety
Comfort. Breastfeeding, while important and healthy, also needs to be done in a way that is comfortable. Ameda's breast pumps are designed to fit comfortably, and come in many different styles and shapes in order to fit to your needs and comfort levels.
[Learn More]
Affordable Care Act
You may be covered... at no cost to you!
Now Breastfeeding Services and Supplies Are Covered Without Cost Sharing in Health Plans Starting August 1, 2012. Read about NEW Coverage Guidelines Under Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
[Verify Coverage & Order]


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BLADENSBURG, Md. (WUSA) -- Prince George's County Office of Emergency Management officials wants all residents impacted by a microburst on Friday night that caused severe damage throughout the community to contact county officials.
A microburst is a small, very intense downdraft that moves to the ground resulting in strong winds and significant damage. A microburst can produce wind gusts over 100 mph, and last around 5 to 15 minutes.
According to police, 15 multi-family homes were damaged on Newton Street between 52nd and 55th Avenues in Bladensburg. Minor injuries were reported.
Displaced residents stayed at a temporary shelter at Rodgers Heights Elementary on Friday, but were moved to Bladensburg High School at 2 p.m. on Saturday. The shelter at the high school will continue to be operated until Wednesday.
Officials say they are still working with displaced residents and there has been progress on clean-up.
County officials are assessing damages and trying to determine whether the county meets the threshold for a Declaration of Emergency in order to receive federal assistance. Officials are asking that all residents impacted in the towns of Bladensburg and Cheverly as well as any nearby areas to call the Emergency Operations Hotline at 301-583-2230 so they can inspect damage.


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The Bard's Tale
by inXile entertainment
Download this app if: you want an epic 3D role-playing game.
Developer Notes
★★★★★ "The Bard's Tale is easily the funniest game I've ever played" – IGN ★★★★★
★★★★★ Google Play Editor's Choice ★★★★★
★★★★★ Best of 2012 - Games ★★★★★
They said it couldn't be done… a full-scale massive 3D epic role-playing game on Android! See why it's the BIGGEST Android game ever...
Funny stuff — I'm not the biggest RPG fan, but this one does have a great sense of humor and suits people who don't usually like the genre. It's a huge download though, so bear that in mind.


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Lunick is a Pokémon Ranger in the Pokémon Ranger series.
Plot Overview
In the games
Lunick can be played if you chose to be a boy in the Pokémon Ranger Game. If you choose him, his partner Pokémon will be Minun.
Lunick is also friends with Solana, and a couple of other rangers he meets throughout his adventures.
|This article is a stub. Please help the Pokémon Wiki by expanding it.


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12453 Lewis St. Suite 101
Garden Grove, CA 92840
Phone: 714-776-0161 Or 877-927-8387
Fax: 714-748-4573
Hours of Operation:
We can also be reached at (800) CAL-VETS (225-8387).
In an effort to better serve the veteran and family members, upon request Vet Centers will provide services after normal work hours and/or on weekends.
For assistance after hours, weekends, and holidays call: 1-877-WAR-VETS (1-877-927-8387)


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The Dark Knight version of The Joker is arguably the greatest super villain ever. Put on The Joker Deluxe Adult Costume and turn into this evil and insane genius. The outfit features a jacket with attached shirt, tie, and vest, a pair of pants, and a mask. The knee-length purple jacket has the green vest, gray shirt, and brown tie attached to it. The slacks are purple pin stripes. The mask will give you The Joker's green hair and painted face, complete with blackened eyes and wide red mouth. The shoes are not included and the gloves are sold separately. You can also get a make up kit if you prefer to paint your face rather than wear the mask. The kit is sold separately. The Joker Deluxe Adult Costume will have you creeping out your friends at any Halloween or costume party.
Our Price: $8.97
Our Price: $20.97
Our Price: $12.97
Our Price: $14.97


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on-the-goFollow on-the-go
25-year-old Female
Level 1 Traveler
1 tour
2 countries
Following 0 people
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Upcoming Contikis
Trips I've Done
Simply Italy (Winter)
2 countries \ 12 days \ from US$1639 per person
Ask on-the-go to write a review
Add a photo that best captures your trip.
jpg, png or gif please!
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Favorite Tours
Places I've Been (?)
- Holy See (Vatican City State)
- Italy


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Located in the Garden of England just off the A28 between Ashford and Canterbury is the chocolate box village of Chilham, where you can find a real gem; the 600 year old Woolpack Inn is nestled at the bottom of the hill in the shadow of the Norman castle.
With its vast oak beams and inglenook fireplaces it offers a glimpse into hospitality of yesteryear. The inn is said to be haunted by the Grey Lady, a friendly ghost who wanders the main building. Visitors can choose to relax in the cosy bar, the restaurant with its glorious bay window and country lane views or the patio courtyard where they will find the ancient olive
tree which has been in situ since the inn was built.
Please browse the site to see what The Woolpack Inn has to offer!


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See All Contributors »
Yes, I have a #2 team
Yes, There is usually a #2 team for me but it changes
No, I only cheer for one team
I was wondering how many people have a second favorite team after Iowa State. I have had a couple over the years, Purdue with Brees and West Virginia when Pat White was a Fresh/Soph. But never a rock solid #2 for college.
Since I moved to the Twin Cities I am finding that I have picked up the Vikings and Twins as solid #2 teams in their respective sport.
So the question, is there a second team that you cheer for during the entire season? If so who? Also is it sport specific, only cheer for that team in football or basketball.
TwoNine Brand
Ironically, my number two team for a while was Iowa. That was, until I realized what a high percentage of ***-bags make up the Hawkeye fanbase.
After having some friends attend there and attending several football games I will have to say that Oklahoma State is my 2nd favorite team. I cheer for them as long as they aren't playing the Cyclones.
I'll get killed for this, but I have a distant second. It's The U.
The very first college football game I ever saw in person was Miami-Texas 1991 Cotton Bowl. Miami took Texas out behind the woodshed and showed them how the game was played. Ever since then, I've followed them.
One of the best games I ever saw in person was Miami-FSU in 2000. The Orange Bowl was a dump though.
What ever happened to truth, justice and the American Way?
1. Iowa State
2. Notre Dame
3. Oregon, West Virginia, Stanford
Seems I have a thing for some of the schools I've visited.
My second favorite team is whoever is playing the Sqwaks... Can't believe that hasn't been said yet.
Very important lesson learned... NEVER pass up the opportunity to acquire a bottle of Templeton Rye... NEVER.
Wisconsin, the rest of the fam lives there, so I get quite a bit of Wisconsin gear for the holidays.
There have been a lotta tough guys. There have been pretenders. And there have been contenders. But there is only one king.
3. TTU (idk why though...)
Outside of ISU I am generally a fan of players and coaches. Same with the NFL, There are just specific players I root for.
Oregon State (where I attended grad school) and U of Colorado (since I live in Colorado).
"If the facts don't fit the theory, change the facts." Albert Einstein
"If your worried about falling off the bike, you'd never get on" Lance Armstrong
"Dress cute wherever you go, life is too short to blend in." Paris Hilton
"Money is one of the greatest instruments of freedom ever invented by man." F.A. Hayek
Notre Dame. But I almost pay attention. And only for FB.
Pretty much follow ISU and then whatever might be on that trips my trigger.
Upside - I don't see much reason to leave the lots early or get there late....
My wife went to Va Tech, so they're easily #2 for me.
They're a good 2nd team. Their games very rarely affect Iowa State, making cheering for them easy. Also, their success in football is exciting, what with them always contending for the ACC title and regularly in the BCS and on the periphery of the national title picture.
1. ISU (alumni - My wife and I graduated from ISU.)
2. Notre Dame - I root for them since my older brother WENT to school there....thus, haveing some sort of "tie" to ND. If we ever meet.....of course I would root for ISU to beat ND.
RIP Janice
b. April 2012 d. April 2012
9 posts
May perpetual light shine upon him.
I always think of U of Iowa as #2 ...oh you mean which team do we follow second?
I'd go with Oregon. I'm a runner and Oregon is a runner's "mecca". The football program is worth watching too.
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The first of every month is always fun because we get to see what new goodies will be released at Linty Fresh. This month is extra scrumptious as Eric Terry introduces the first ever Linty Fresh jewelry piece. It features a signature Linty Fresh Character and is aproximately 1.75″ wide by 2.5″ tall and comes with  a 20″ adjustable chain.
But of course, you're here to see the new shirts. I know you guys (and girls) all too well. The new September tee from Linty Fresh is called Rebel Bowel and features a simple, yet fresh, single color bowel inspired print. The design comes in two flavors, a maroon and white colorway as well as a brown and yellow colorway.
The last time we saw something this simple and clean from Linty Fresh would have to be the release of the Red Dotted Line tee. I actually really dig integration of the Linty Fresh text with the bowel design. Everything is so seamless. I look forward to more Linty Fresh shirts featuring clean lines and simple designs. You can pick up Rebel Bowel for $22 from Linty Fresh starting…now!


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Truth Disclosure
Cultural Diversity at the End of Life: Issues and Guidelines for Family Physicians - Article
ABSTRACT: Ethnic minorities currently compose approximately one third of the population of the United States. The U.S. model of health care, which values autonomy in medical decision making, is not easily applied to members of some racial or ethnic groups. Cultural factors strongly influence patients' reactions to serious illness and decisions about end-of-life care. Research has identified three basic dimensions in end-of-life treatment that vary culturally: communication of "bad news"; locus of decision making; and attitudes toward advance directives and end-of-life care. In contrast to the emphasis on "truth telling" in the United States, it is not uncommon for health care professionals outside the United States to conceal serious diagnoses from patients, because disclosure of serious illness may be viewed as disrespectful, impolite, or even harmful to the patient. Similarly, with regard to decision making, the U.S. emphasis on patient autonomy may contrast with preferences for more family-based, physician-based, or shared physician- and family-based decision making among some cultures. Finally, survey data suggest lower rates of advance directive completion among patients of specific ethnic backgrounds, which may reflect distrust of the U.S. health care system, current health care disparities, cultural perspectives on death and suffering, and family dynamics. By paying attention to the patient's values, spirituality, and relationship dynamics, the family physician can elicit and follow cultural preferences.
End-of-Life Care: Guidelines for Patient-Centered Communication - Article
ABSTRACT: When patients are diagnosed with cancer, primary care physicians often must deliver the bad news, discuss the prognosis, and make appropriate referrals. When delivering bad news, it is important to prioritize the key points that the patient should retain. Physicians should assess the patient's emotional state, readiness to engage in the discussion, and level of understanding about the condition. The discussion should be tailored according to these assessments. Often, multiple visits are needed. When discussing prognosis, physicians should be sensitive to variations in how much information patients want to know. The challenge for physicians is to communicate prognosis accurately without giving false hope. All physicians involved in the patient's care should coordinate their key prognosis points to avoid giving the patient mixed messages. As the disease progresses, physicians must reassess treatment effectiveness and discuss the values, goals, and preferences of the patient and family. It is important to initiate conversations about palliative care early in the disease course when the patient is still feeling well. There are innovative hospice programs that allow for simultaneous curative and palliative care. When physicians discuss the transition from curative to palliative care, they should avoid phrases that may convey to the patient a sense of failure or abandonment. Physicians also must be cognizant of how cultural factors may affect end-of-life discussions. Sensitivity to a patient's cultural and individual preferences will help the physician avoid stereotyping and making incorrect assumptions.
Facing the Truth - Close-ups
How to Deliver Bad News - The Last Word
Five Ways to Respond to a Medical Mistake - The Last Word
A Major Medical Error - Curbside Consultation
Confronted by an Unexpected Laboratory Result - Curbside Consultation
Negotiating a Request for Nondisclosure - Curbside Consultation
Breaking Bad News Over the Phone - Curbside Consultation
The Power of Apology - The Last Word
Email Alerts
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Program Options
As a theatre student at Dordt you will quickly become part of the stage production process. You'll be mentored by faculty and students as you learn the fundamentals of theatre. As part of a collaborative team that prays and works together to create performance art, you will learn to care about theatre as a gift from God that engages our community, critically examines our culture, affirms our humanity, and clarifies our beliefs.
Auditions are open to all students, so you will work closely with people whose backgrounds and interests differ from your own. In the intensity of the work, a new community is forged with each production.
We have been invited to perform whole and partial productions at the annual regional Kennedy Center American College Theater Festival. One-person shows, sets, costumes, and original music compositions have received awards, and our students have advanced to the finals in the Irene Ryan Acting Competition.
We offer emphases in:
- Acting/Directing
- Design and Scenic Art
- Dramaturgy
- Drama Ministry
- Theatre Management
- Technical Theatre
Many of these emphases involve other departments. The communication and interpersonal skills you develop while performing will prepare you for work in public relations, sales, or journalism. Our graduates have gone to graduate school, worked in film in Los Angeles, performed on stage, and worked in theatre management with professional companies. They have also become teachers, drama therapists, business people, and designers.


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Pulp Container Capacity
Extra large 3.2 qt (3 L) pulp container
Juice Jug Capacity
1.1 qt (1 L) juice jug with froth separator
Feed Chute Size
Extra Large 3" (7.6cm) with cutting knife to center produce
Juicing Disc Filter
Stainless steel cutting disc surrounded by Italian made micro mesh filter to extract up to 30% more juice and 40% more vitamins and minerals than other juicers.
5 speed, variable control with LCD feedback
Safety Features
Safety lock mechanism prevents unsafe operation
Display Feedback
Interactive LCD that shows speed settings and fruit icons to help select the right speeds
Included Accessories
1.1 qt (1 L) juice jug with froth separator
Detachable spout for juicing directly into glass
Easy clean brush
3" (7.6cm) circular feed tube processes whole fruits
Centered dual knife blade assembly
Stabilizing knife
Unique 5 speed smart juicing system
Design Notes
Designed in Australia
1 Year Limited Product Warranty
Compare the Juice Fountain® Multi-Speed
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August 17, 2011Hands Down Best Juicer
"My husband and I decided to do a ten day fast inspired by the documentary Fat, Sick, and Nearly Dead. On the second day of our fast our juicer decided to give out. I started researching tons of different juicer. I kept coming up with Breville Juicers. I figured if it's good enough for the documentary, it's good enough for us. The only problem was the model I was looking for was sold out everywhere. My last attempt was a Bed Bath & Beyond. They had the juicer on display but were sold out. The clerk even checked surrounding stores, and offered to have one shipped to me. She came up empty handed. SOLD OUT. I asked her if she would be willing to sell the display and SCORE, she said yes. I still was able to use my 20% off coupon, plus the clerk also gave me an additional 10% off. As soon as I got home I could see why they are sold out everywhere. I love the different settings on the juicer. The enclosed container is a must. Also the rubber spout to pour into a glass is just genius. Cleanup is very easy, and much faster then our previous juicer. This is defiantly a high quality product. Spend the money you wont be disappointed. "
August 13, 2011Nice!
"We just purchased the Ikon Juicer last night at Bed, Bath and Beyond. There is a 20% off coupon on line for in-store purchase. Just made our first juice and love it! Like the other reviewers said, this is very well made. You can tell from the minute you take it out of the box! Putting it together was simple, juicing was easy and mess free. Clean up was a breeze. It took maybe 3-4 minutes, the main thing to be concerned with is the basket filter, I just used the provided brush and had it done in a snap! LOVE, LOVE, LOVE this machine! I usually don't give reviews, but had to on this one. I'm so glad I didn't go with the cheaper Jack La Layne like my husband wanted to.
Can't wait to see what juicing brings!
I give this a 5 star plus."
August 8, 2011I love the BREVILEE IKON
"I love the BREVILEE IKON. The sales man at Bed Bath and beyond was very good and knew the juicer. I had been there a few weeks before and was going to buy the smaller juicer for 149 but didn't have the money that day so when I went back two weeks later it was gone....but they had just received a shipment of the IKON ones.
I was shocked at how GOOD IT IS. I had a Jack Lalanne juicer and I gave it to someone who has cancer to start doing the GERSON therapy to get well....so I needed a new juicer and I had been eating at the Raw Christopher's Kitchen restaurant in Palm Beach Gardens
Florida and the owner/ chef Christopher recommended I buy a Breville as he uses it there and he uses the Norwalk Press but that costs 2500.00.
So anyway, the juicer is soooo much better than the LaLanne in that the pulp is like sawdust...it extracts way more juice than the Lalanne did...the pulp was still wet with that one.
I go to Nutrition Smart and get one pound of those little baby organic prewashed carrots and pop them into it with one green organic apple and a piece of ginger and I have a fabulous nutritious Gerson drink in a minute! This juicer is awesome, clean up took me three minutes.
No excuses people....start JUICING!
ALSO I was worried it would take up too much counter space but the sales guy at Bed Bath and Beyond said this is only going to take a few more inches of space than the smaller one and he was right....it looks great on my counter! And the pitcher that collects the juice is an AWESOME and SMART feature...kudos to the people that designed this!!!
Thank YOU
'Anne Knopf Florida
August 2, 2011Wow BREVILLE great Juicer for a Reboot!
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This machine is a great investment a must have!
Simple to use easy to clean and makes great juice.
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I would recomend BREVILLE Products to eveyone.
My juicer was very afordable worth every penny!
Great Product Breville!
Thanks JOE and Phill for the inspiration to discover the BREVILLE multi speed juice fountain!
CHEERS to Rebooting with Juice Mate.
Frank M. Delsied SR
Waveland Mississippi "
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"I have been juicing for over 15 years and been 85 to 95 percent raw food eater since that time. Thanks to prayer and being led in that direction it saved my life.
I just want to THANK Breville for such a quality product!!! In all my years of juicing, and I have had them all, juicing machines costing in excess of $500, never have I come across a machine that is such Quality and Quiet, WOW, to top it off Affordable to people. I received my Juicer 4/20/11 and the very first thing I did was call Breville and thank them!
Someone made a comment that the juicer is loud and some said it is messy. Well from someone who has been doing this for quite awhile I am sorry to say you are totally wrong! This is THE most quite juicer I have ever owned and the absolute cleanest and easiest to clean!!! They obviously have not been around juicing long. Breville is The Quietest, Best Quality, Best looking, and best Yield of juice Juicing Machine I have ever owned!!! The only machine I have not had the luxury to own is the Norwalk Juicer which cost over $2,000 and weighs in at a staggering 68 pounds. But for me I will never look any where else than a Breville when I need a juicer or accessories. Thank you Breville and may you never forget what most companies have and that is QUALITY matters!!!
April 10, 2011Great Machine
"This is my first juicer but it is everything it says it was, easy to clean, easy to use. I recommend this to anyone who wants to improve their health & well being. "
March 27, 2011the best juicer i've used in 30 years
"This is my 5th brand of juicer I've used over a period of 30 years, and it is absolutely the best! You have made a quantum leap in juicing technology! Every little detail is engineered so well for ease of use, ease of cleaning inside and out, maximum juicing, stylish design that is incredibly functional. Full disclosure: I don't work for this company or any other juicer company, this individual is a super fan and loves juicing! It is so clear that you too are an experienced juicer and listened to your customers so you could design the best juicer.
Features I love that are a must have:
~ Big opening for fruits/vegetables so I don't have to chop things up, big enough for a whole apple! Other juicers require pre-chop work and cleaning!
~ snap together leak proof design: all pieces easily snap together for a tight seal, no leaks, no splattering ever! All juice is captured into a pitcher, all pulp is captured into the shred bucket, and nothing ever goes outside those two well designed elements!
~ The juice pitcher! This is so smart, why didn't anyone ever think of this before! A pitcher that can be put on the table or in the fridge right away or you can pour juice while juicing! Smart!
~ Easy to clean: so easy to separate the parts for cleaning, the juicer/screen, the capture bucket, etc, and then easily reassemble! On other machines, popping out the screen is so hard and often requires a screwdriver! The type of plastic used doesn't stain yellow/orange/green from longer term use, yeah! Always beautiful!
~ Big pulp bucket: captures every shred, no spatters, great to repurpose the
pulp as soup/smoothie thickener for the fiber, or make into veggie crackers and hummus.... or feed to the animals, mix into dog food, or feed to deer's, squirrels, or put directly in garden as mulch.
~ Stylish design: love the stainless steel, it's a sleek looking appliance, and it doesn't stain like other juicers!
~ Details: 5 speeds that maximize juice extracted, and is easy to set; and down to the details like the electric plug that is much safer design because of the sturdy loop for pulling/pushing or hanging!
Annette C
March 2, 2011FANTASTIC PRODUCT
December 30, 2010Awesome!
"This is my first juicer so I have no comparison to make from other products. My husband purchased this for me for Christmas. And this morning is the first time I've used it. I can't say how much I love this product--from the different speeds of the juice extraction, to the easy cleanup! I had seen the videos and knew to add a plastic bag in the container that catches the pulp. So, when I went to the store to buy fresh fruits and veggies, I kept the bags that they came in and am using those. It is such a wonderful product. There is very little noise too. I told my husband that I was going to turn it on because he was watching TV--but to my amazement, he could still hear the TV over the motor noise, even on the high speed. And cleanup was a snap. All the parts came apart easily and washed with no difficulty in the sink. Thank you for a great product at such a reasonable price. "
December 26, 2010Well worth your investment!
"I did research for 2 months on juicers. I choose Breville because of the great reviews. The multi speed option is wonderful. I have not had trouble juicing any fruit or vegetable. Clean up takes about 5 minutes. I have no regrets on choosing this juicer. I use it EVERY day!"
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Anne Hathaway
From Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
Anne Hathaway (born November 12, 1982), the Academy Award and Golden Globe winning actress known as the master of Method Acting, has had a roller-coaster ride of a Hollywood career. At first playing girly-girl role-model characters in The Princess Novels and The Cute Princess Finds Love, Hathaway then apparently went crazy as a bedbug (but a cute smart bedbug). During the filming of her next several movies she repeatedly exposed her breasts, damaged the fabric of society, cheated death at cards, and acted as a simpering lackey to transvestite superstar Melvin Luther "Meryl" Streep (known as the greatest actress of hir generation).
"Anne Hathaway defines acting," film critic Roger Ebert said at a Kennedy Center dinner honoring the star. "When others are satisfied to live one life in habitual safety, she lives each day anew, as an adventure and a feast, and we are lucky and privileged when she sometimes takes us along."
Early life
Born in a log cabin in downtown Fargo, North Dakota, Hathaway had a wide range of interests as a child. When other children played with stones, frogs, and puppets, Hathaway, who is as intelligent as Einstein but without the accent, founded the Fargo Historical Society, spent her weekends traveling with the Buffalo herd in the Theodore Roosevelt National Park, and used every spare moment to study nature and life's behavioral patterns. Her mind eventually focused into a yogi-like brilliance and concentrative state just before she entered puberty, and, once there, Hathaway discovered her extraordinary talent for pretending. Putting her full and considerable attention onto the study and practice of Lee Strasberg's famed Method Acting technique, she took the lead role in her high school's production of "To Catch A Thief". After robbing the opening night audience at gunpoint and fleeing into the lobby, she was quickly caught (just as she'd hoped), subdued, and spent the next year of her "Early life" in juvenile detention. She enthusiastically relished this experience, and considered it just another classroom of life.
Once freed, and with her spirits as high as ever, Anne Hathaway followed her destiny.
Hollywood beckons, and The Princess Movies
The bright lights, the Hollywood sign, the hand-foot-and-genital prints in the cement, who could resist this glamour? Not young Anne Hathaway, who instinctively gravitated from North Dakota to this Mecca of Fame, Fortune, and Friskyness. Smiling, giggling, laughing, she got off the bus, a twinkle in her eye and a bounce in her step, when she was immediately grabbed by two towering and slobbering crack addicts, ruffed up, robbed, and left dazed at the Bus Terminal entrance.
You all know the rest of the story. Father-figure Jack Nicholson happened to be jogging by the Bus Terminal when he saw the youthful shape of the woman lying there, liked what he saw, swung her over his shoulder, and carried her right to the Disney Studio lot. Still bruised and semi-conscious, Hathaway was cast as the girl who didn't know she was a Princess in The Princess Novels. "I had a concussion, and don't remember the first few days of shooting," said Hathaway in a 2004 interview with sometimes-lover Walter Cronkite, "and when I finally came to, some guy was waltzing me around a room, calling me Princess Mia, and looking down my dress. 'What in God's name?' I thought to myself."
But Hathaway quickly sized up the situation, and applying her full range of Method acting, instantly became a Princess. During the next two years, while she filmed two Princess movies, conducted countless press interviews, and made hundreds of lecture appearances and attended fan conventions, Hathaway did not once, not even once, remember her real name. She had become, in her heart, mind, and soul, Mia, the Princess.
Hathaway shows them how the game is played
Fame had already started stalking the perky actress when she finally regained her ego-centered identity, and Hathaway decided to just lay back and enjoy it. She sought and obtained the important societal niche known as "The Darling of the Tabloid's" by becoming, in quick succession, the Dalai Lama's biographer, a progressive Native American Congresswoman from North Dakota, "the other clear" in the Cruise-Holmes-Hathaway triangle, and, for a brief time, a fugitive from justice after seriously injuring one-note actress Scarlett Johansson during a Vegas shopping spree. Hathaway, chameleon-like, had successfully reflected and captivated American culture. She then lulled it to sleep.
Hathaway Stays in Character, Reshapes the Republican Party
"I am in awe of her talent," said Ang Lee, who directed Hathaway in his acclaimed biopic Eva Braun: Hitler's Plaything, War's Evil Waif, "and I am afraid of her talent." For during the 2007 filming of the movie, Anne Hathaway oversaw the reshaping of today's Republican Party.
In character throughout the filming, and working during gaps in the shooting schedule, Hathaway first chose and began to date an obscure house painter from Madison, Wisconsin. Then, through a series of speeches, backroom deals, large gatherings on the Mall in Washington, D.C., and in the aftermath of a mysterious fire in the U.S. Capitol Building, she propelled her boyfriend into the chairmanship of the GOP. Together they organized the illiterate peasantry of America into small groups which disrupted political Town Hall meetings, waved cardboard signs at each other, and terrorized the nation's ruling class into complete and total submission to the most oppressive Bush administration policies. Her actions later led directly to the election and re-election of a black man who then boldly occupied the White House.
When filming ended on Lee's classic ended, Hathaway quickly broke character, denounced the GOP, laughed at the gullibility of its followers, and good-naturedly apologized for her actions in a 60 Minutes interview. "You know me," she said, smiling brightly at Mike Wallace, "when I get on one of my rolls, boy, Katie bar the door!"
Before we go on, a word about Anne Hathaway's lips
Dozens of Fan Clubs for Anne Hathaway's lips have been organized, and Hathaway herself edits the newsletter and serves as vice-president of one of them. Her lips have a life of their own (they and Anne sometimes take separate vacations), although the accents of Hathaway's eyes, hair, and nose actually propel her lips to another level. "Strange, that they should exist as they do," said her friend, actress Kate Hudson, whose admiration-shrine to the actress includes a lipstick impression of Hathaway's lips on a rainbowed vibrator. "Nobody can explain why they are so interesting and sensual," Hudson added, "I think it's a combination of the size, angle of placement, crease lines extending laterally along the cheek, specific shade of color in relationship to the brain's ability to differentiate surface luminosity, mandible shape and density, and her genetically-predetermined orbicularis oris, zygomaticus minor, and buccinator muscle movements which animate them when she speaks, eats, or smiles. They are very interesting, and I like to look at them when I'm high".
The Breast Era
Hathaway bared her breasts in her next two movies. In Alfred Hitchcock's gay-western thriller, BigRocks Candy Mountain, she played the bemused wife of an openly-gay cowboy who was secretly into beastiality. The film broke several Hollywood taboos, including showing graphic man-on-man sex-in-a-tent and the famous waterfall romp between Jake Gyllenhaal and an enthusiastic lemur. Hathaway's character, unbeknownst to Gyllenhaal's, was also having affairs with his male lover, his lemur soul-mate, and with Hitchcock himself during the director's trademark film walk-on.
Hathaway next starred in the overlooked Havoc, in which she "played" an adventurous suburban girl who goes slumming and eventually has full-on naked sex with that little guy from Six Feet Under. During Havoc's filming Hathaway's Method acting again took her in an unfortunate direction. Each evening after shooting wrapped she'd cruise South-Central Los Angeles, and soon became a gang trixie for the Latino Junk Lords (in an interesting brain-wiring confusion, she would also haphazardly knock on the doors of local funeral homes in an attempt to find "Rico"). When filming ended, and after six weeks in a local county hospital with just a touch of corrective surgery on her ovaries and shoulder, Hathaway, luckily, was able to break character and prepare for some of her most acclaimed roles to date.
The Devil Wears Nada and Rachael's Wedding Crasher
In The Devil Wears Nada, the first all-nude major Hollywood movie, Hathaway plays the assistant to the satanic Meryl Streep. Acting pretty much like her real-life self, Hathaway lights up the screen as she dashes from place to place, buying the Devil coffee and picking up her dry cleaning for when she wasn't nude. Method acting did her little harm in this role, as Hathaway, in real life, just dashes from place to place, buying coffee and picking up her friends' dry cleaning. She was, however, held for several hours in a London jail for questioning concerning a missing copy of author J.K. Rowling's last unpublished Harry Potter manuscript.
In Rachael's Wedding Crasher Hathaway stars as the self-centered drug-addicted bipolar sister of Rachael Moon Masters, and manages to get all of the attention, at every step of the way, that the Bride should be receiving. During the filming, and in a strange echoing of the script, Hathaway's incarcerations in various rehab and psychiatric hospitals again led to calls for the closure of New York's famed Method Actor's Studio.
"White Lace and Promises"
The coveted Oscars for Best Actress and Best Director came Anne Hathaway's way when she wrote, directed, edited, starred in, and performed the songs for White Lace and Promises, the 2009 Karen Carpenter biopic.
Subconsciously sensing that this may be the role of a lifetime, Hathaway stopped eating and began singing. Her friends, family, and stalkers organized interventions, her admirers and detractors unified to place large billboards at key freeway locations in Los Angeles which read simply Anne, WTF?, and even Keira Knightley asked aloud "just what is Hathaway doing?". But Anne Hathaway, one of the greatest method actors in film history, didn't understand what they were talking about. "When I look in the mirror," she said in a Rolling Stone cover story written during the filming of the movie, "I see what you see, a fat girl, and I am so ashamed. I should not be doing this role, I'm obese for God's sake, but I committed to see the project through."
After the film's release, and the same day its soundtrack-CD went platinum ("Nobody has the vocal range of Anne Hathaway," critics agreed, "except for Karen Carpenter, and maybe Sinead O'Connor on a good day"), Hathaway was once again court-ordered into rehab. It took a month of intense group-therapy to bring her out of character, to get her singing voice back to its normal off-key screech, and to save her life.
In an unexplained voting glitch, Hathaway also received the Oscar for Audrey Hepburn's 1961 rendition of "Moon River".
Les Miserables
Two years before Hathaway filmed her seventeen minutes of screentime in the 2012 musical, Les Miserables she put on the character, Fantine, and wouldn't answer to any other name. She lived the life of an unwed mother in Louis XVI's France, and hired the best set designers and costumers in Hollywood to emerge her in the era. Six months before filming she spent a small fortune hiring local prostitutes to sing at her and treat her like dirt, sometimes for hours at a time. Hathaway had gained back a little weight after playing Karen Carpenter, but after agreeing to play Fantine she lost 41 more pounds and her face started to look like something from The Nightmare Before Christmas.
When filming finally started Hathaway snuck around the set, trying to sell her body parts and moaning about her lot in life to anyone who would listen or had the cash. Everyone avoided her. Russell Crowe used a body-double for his two small scenes with Hathaway. Hugh Jackman, playing the thief who starts pretending he's a mayor - and singing up a storm in the process - was the only one who got along with her. Jackman, a method actor too, honestly believed that he was hiding from Russell Crowe. This made for some funny moments around the set when Crowe would randomly walk up on him and start to sing.
Hathaway died during Fantine's climatic death scene. But Sasha Baron Cohen had a feeling she was going to pull that stunt and hired a CPR medi-vac team to stand-by just outside the shoot, and they came in singing a boisterous song about their craft and revived her.
The Future is bright
When not filming, Anne Hathaway lives on a spacious ranch in Montana and winters in her bordello in Rio de Janeiro, where she is known as "El Snake-Bite Senorita". Her hobbies include sand diving, calligraphic duplication of ancient Sumerian manuscripts, biking, and occasional land-mine removal in Bosnia but not in Herzegovina ("Just a quirky preference," she says).
But acting remains Hathaway's first love, and film critics and fans alike believe that a second or even third Academy Award for Best Actress will someday land in Hathaway's lap (along with Hollywood Bad-Boy Jack Black). Her upcoming roles include the mother in "Second-Generation Whore" (co-starring Lindsay Lohan), "Jungle Fever 3-D" where she plays a young chimpanzee stranded thousands of miles from her home, Princess Diana in the Ritchie/Al-Fayed production of "Snuffed Just Before the Payoff" (American title: "Diana, We Love You!"), and as the caterwauling rattle-brained mistress in the $300-million dollar special-effects laden remake of "Citizen Kane" (starring a computer-generated Orson Welles again playing Kane, although this time a little more animated and in 3-D!).
See also
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Rat Race is a mission given to Huang Lee by his uncle, Wu Lee in Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars at The Libertonian.
To begin with, the mission is a rail shooter, with Kenny driving a Cavalcade FXT with the player standing in the back with a Minigun with unlimited ammo. The player just needs to kill all the attacking Triads while Kenny drives. He will take a shortcut through Middle Park, where you have to destroy the cars blocking your path. Eventually the player will get to an alleyway, where the Cavalcade FXT crashes and Huang and Kenny bail. You then have to drive a Bobcat. Drive fast, avoiding enemies and rockets from a helicopter (the crosshair indicates where the helicopter gunner will shoot. When the crosshair stops, this indicates where the gunner will shoot the rocket, so that is the time to avoid it). Finally reach Hsin's penthouse, where you and Kenny tell him of Zhou's and Chan's treachery.
Mission objectives
In order to complete the mission the player must:
- Protect Kenny as he drives to Hsin's residence
- Clear the vehicles that are blocking the way
- Drive Kenny to Hsin's residence
Mission Replay description
"Hsin ordered a hit on me and Uncle Kenny.
His men chased us across the city, but we dodged them and managed to show Hsin the FIB report.
Uncle Kenny cleared our names and became the new Big Boss! My inheritance just went through the roof."
- The name of this mission is likely a reference to Bob Marley's Rat Race.
Video Walkthroughs
|Rat Race


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So you have dressing like a NYFW pro down pat. But can you talk the talk? That's essential. For a crash course in label pronunciation, take a look at the designer cheat sheet below. You'll have Fashion Week's must-know names mastered in no time.
To get even more designers down, check out Harper's BAZAAR for an A – Z guide.
By Jillian Hudon, Staff Writer
Want the lowdown on fabrics and more? Follow our What Are You (Really) Wearing? column every Tuesday.
Not a Member and like The (Style) Guide? You'll love Rue La La. Join now.


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26 U.S. Code § 1400F - Renewal community capital gain
prev | next
(a) General rule
Gross income does not include any qualified capital gain from the sale or exchange of a qualified community asset held for more than 5 years.
(b) Qualified community asset
For purposes of this section—
(1) In general
The term "qualified community asset" means—
(2) Qualified community stock
(A) In general
Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the term "qualified community stock" means any stock in a domestic corporation if—
(i) such stock is acquired by the taxpayer after December 31, 2001, and before January 1, 2010, at its original issue (directly or through an underwriter) from the corporation solely in exchange for cash,
(ii) as of the time such stock was issued, such corporation was a renewal community business (or, in the case of a new corporation, such corporation was being organized for purposes of being a renewal community business), and
(3) Qualified community partnership interest
The term "qualified community partnership interest" means any capital or profits interest in a domestic partnership if—
(A) such interest is acquired by the taxpayer after December 31, 2001, and before January 1, 2010, from the partnership solely in exchange for cash,
(B) as of the time such interest was acquired, such partnership was a renewal community business (or, in the case of a new partnership, such partnership was being organized for purposes of being a renewal community business), and
(C) during substantially all of the taxpayer's holding period for such interest, such partnership qualified as a renewal community business.
A rule similar to the rule of paragraph (2)(B) shall apply for purposes of this paragraph.
(4) Qualified community business property
(A) In general
The term "qualified community business property" means tangible property if—
(i) such property was acquired by the taxpayer by purchase (as defined in section 179 (d)(2)) after December 31, 2001, and before January 1, 2010,
(B) Special rule for substantial improvements
The requirements of clauses (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (A) shall be treated as satisfied with respect to—
(c) Qualified capital gain
For purposes of this section—
(1) In general
Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the term "qualified capital gain" means any gain recognized on the sale or exchange of—
(2) Gain before 2002 or after 2014 not qualified
The term "qualified capital gain" shall not include any gain attributable to periods before January 1, 2002, or after December 31, 2014.
(d) Certain rules to apply
For purposes of this section, rules similar to the rules of paragraphs (5), (6), and (7) of subsection (b), andsubsections (f) and (g), ofsection 1400B shall apply; except that for such purposes section 1400B (g)(2) shall be applied by substituting "January 1, 2002" for "January 1, 1998" and "December 31, 2014" for "December 31, 2014".
Source(Added Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(7) [title I, § 101(a)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–594; amended Pub. L. 108–311, title III, § 310(c)(2)(C),Oct. 4, 2004, 118 Stat. 1180; Pub. L. 109–432, div. A, title I, § 110(c)(2)(C),Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 2940; Pub. L. 110–343, div. C, title III, § 322(c)(2)(C),Oct. 3, 2008, 122 Stat. 3874.)
2008—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–343substituted "2014'." for "2012'.".
2006—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–432substituted "2012" for "2010".
2004—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 108–311substituted "2010" for "2008".
Effective Date of 2004 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 108–311effective Jan. 1, 2004, see section 310(e)(1) ofPub. L. 108–311, set out as a note under section 1400 of this title.
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


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Last night on "Keeping Up With the Kardashians", Kim explained why she didn't give her baby a "K" name, "If we name our kid with a K name, which is kind of what we want, mainly just because Kanye and I are K's, then they'll call us the KKK."
The petition Amanda Bynes' parents filed for a conservatorship was released Friday. They say Amanda is paranoid, obsessed with body image and she's burned through $1.2 million in a really short period of time. They said, "We believe that a substantial amount of this money is being used to pay for marijuana and other illegal substances, and possibly for plastic surgery."
There's a "Hunger Games" parody in the works called "The Starving Games". It's by the same guys who do all those awful spoofs like "Date Movie", "Disaster Movie", "Epic Movie", "Meet the Spartans" and "Vampires Suck". It's coming out November 8th, so that's two weeks before "The Hunger Games: Catching Fire", which drops on November 22nd.
Justin Bieber was caught on camera spitting over a hotel balcony in Toronto on Thursday as a crowd of Beliebers were gathered below to catch a glimpse of their hero. See the PICTURES HERE! I don't know if he was necessarily aiming at anyone, but the incident comes less than two weeks after an Ohio DJ publicly charged Bieber with spitting on him at a night club. And in March, Bieber's neighbor claimed the Biebs spit on him during an argument about his reckless driving. Stop spitting Justin Drew Bieber. Stop it.


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ELKHART — Elkhart County's rebound over the last few years is an amazing story, Indiana Gov. Mike Pence told a group gathered Wednesday, Oct. 2, at the Lerner Crystal Ballroom for lunch.
"It is so exciting to be here with so many people who made this community such an amazing story," Pence said.
"Elkhart is a miracle again. Congratulations," he said.
"It's something this community should be excited about. It's something that this region ought to be excited about. It's benefitting this region and the state of Indiana. Let me also just say that every Hoosier is grateful for the resilience and the character and the strength of the people of the greater Elkhart area who captured national attention, now more than four years ago, because of heartache. But because of faith, because of hard work, because of resilience and because of character, Elkhart is back and you're inspiring the people of this state," Pence said to roughly 200 community leaders gathered at a luncheon put on by the Greater Elkhart Chamber of Commerce and AT&T.
Not only is Elkhart an inspiration, Pence said local teen Sarah Crane is an inspiration as she battles cancer. "Sarah has our prayers. But let me also say with this courageous Elkhart Memorial young lady, I think she personifies everything that is great about this community. Facing hardship, she has stepped forward to lead with resilience and faith and courage. Let me just say, your governor also is Sarah Strong," he said, lifting up a purple "Sarah Strong" shirt.
Pence said that he and area mayors know that beyond government jobs, "we don't create jobs." What they do, he said, is "we just create conditions where men and women are willing to take the risk, willing to put it on the line."
While Indiana has made significant strides in putting the state on a strong footing while also making it a business-friendly place, "we've got work to do. Despite the progress that we've made here in Elkhart County, the truth of the matter is there's still a lot of Hoosiers who are hurting. A quarter-million Hoosiers are out of work. Unemployment is stubbornly at 8 percent. I want to assure you as your governor that my focus" in the strategies he outlined "is really to see how we can seize this moment in the life of our state and redouble our effort to attract investment and job creation," he said.
Pence outlined four strategies to keep Indiana in a leading role:
Fiscal strength. "Fiscal integrity is the foundation of our prosperity," he said. "Indiana's showing record surpluses" at a time when other states are struggling, he said.
Tax and regulatory relief. Pence said he's working on reducing the 11,000 pages of regulations in the state, and touted this year's tax cuts which represent the biggest in the state's history, he said. When those are all enacted, "Indiana will be the lowest-taxed state in the Midwest, I'm probably going to put that on every Welcome to Indiana' sign facing outward, so Michigan to Ohio, Kentucky to Illinois to Illinois to Illinois to Illinois and to Illinois," Pence joked.
Road improvements. "Roads mean jobs," he said. Not only will he be cutting the ribbon this fall on the Kokomo bypass, he pointed out $800 million for roads and bridges in the most recent state budget, including $200 million for local governments, the first new money for local roads in a decade.
Education innovation. "Indiana has some of the best teachers in the world," said Pence, the husband of a teacher, and education has seen significant improvements in the last years. But he wants to see educational focus change from being only directed at college. While Pence said he's committed to college being available and affordable for any student who wants it, schools need to prepare students to be able to step straight into the workforce, if they desire. "If we can't succeed in the classroom, we're not going to succeed in the marketplace," he said. There are many successful businesses in the state that were started by people who didn't go to college, Pence said, and he wants today's students to be able to replicate that. "They're going to build our future if they can pursue their dreams right out of high school."
As he closed his remarks, Pence said, "I'm absolutely convinced this is no ordinary time in the life of our state," and he urged those gathered to call or write to people they know outside the state and tell the story of what a good state Indiana is for business. "I am absolutely convinced that even in these difficult and frustrating times, if we'll all do all we can, the best days are to come for our state," he said. "I believe Indiana, with all my heart, can be a beacon of hope for the whole country and we can help lead the rest of this nation back, by our example, to everything that always made America strong before and will make America strong again."


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Hop - Premiere
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James Marsden
Russell Brand
Hollywood Dailies
Hop Videos
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Kaley Cuoco explains why Hop is going to be the essential Easter movie
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Take a quick look at what is opening in theaters this weekend
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Russell Brand takes on the role of a bunny in Hop
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Trailer 2 for The D Train
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Christina Applegate, James Marsden, and Chris O'Donnell hit the red carpet for the movie's premiere
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Christina Applegate and James Marsden talk about voice acting for the furry animals.
Death at a Funeral - Interview (2:35)
Danny Glover talks about being a grumpy old man, and James Marsden discusses his nude scene
Death at a Funeral - Premiere (2:45)
Zoe Saldana, Chris Rock, and James Marsden hit the red carpet
Death at a Funeral - Interview (2:02)
Chris Rock, Tracy Morgan, Columbus Short, and James Marsden talk about working on the movie
The Box - Interview (1:46)
Cameron Diaz and James Marsden talk about their psychological thriller movie
Modern Princes (2:41)
The charming men behind Enchanted open up.
Russell Brand Videos
Get Him To The Greek - Trailer (2:30)
A Producer's assistant is tasked with the job of bringing a wild rock star back to the States from London for an anniversary concert in this comedy trailer
Get Him To The Greek - Trailer (2:28)
Trailer for this comedy
Gangster Squad premiere (1:52)
We're on the red carpet with the stars
What Is What About Dick? (1:04)
Russell Brand and Eric Idle tell us about their live action play
The Reel Stories Real Lives Fundraiser (1:45)
Keanu Reeves, Jon Hamm, Jon Favreau, and Russell Brand come out for a good cause
VMA Style Recap (2:18)
Take a look at some of the fashions seen at this year's Video Music Awards
Arthur - Russell Brand Interview (2:14)
Russell Brand talks to us about his character and working with Jennifer Garner
Hop - Russell Brand Interview (2:15)
Russell Brand takes on the role of a bunny in Hop
Power of Comedy - Russell Brand Honored (2:12)
Russell Brand was honored at the first Power of Comedy event
Get Him to the Greek - Interview (2:49)
We visit London to talk with Jonah Hill and Russell Brand about the movie.
Get Him to the Greek - Interview Outtakes (00:34)
An extended look at some of the outtakes from our LA interview with Russell Brand
Get Him to the Greek - Interview (2:29)
Elisabeth Moss, Rose Byrne, Jonah Hill, and Russell Brand make it to the Greek Theatre at last
Get Him to the Greek - Interview Outtakes (2:28)
An extended look at some of the outtakes from our Las Vegas interview with Russell Brand
Get Him to the Greek - Interview (2:23)
We head to New York to talk with Russell Brand, Sean 'P Diddy' Combs, and Jonah Hill
Get Him to the Greek - Interview Outtakes (2:46)
An extended look at some of the outtakes from our New York interview with Russell Brand
Get Him to the Greek - Interview (2:46)
We visit London to talk with Jonah Hill and Russell Brand about the movie.
Get Him to the Greek - Interview Outtakes (4:00)
An extended look at some of the outtakes from our London interview with Russell Brand
Get Him to the Greek - Premiere (2:16)
Jonah Hill, Russell Brand, and T.J. Miller hit the red carpet
Hollywood Dailies Videos
2013 Grammy Fashion (2:24)
Take a look at the winners and losers of fashion at the 55th annual Grammy Awards
Child Oscar Nominees (2:15)
Take a look at the young Oscar nominees and winners throughout the years
Birds (2:17)
Tippi Hedren and Veronica Cartwright attend a 50th anniversary screening of Alfred Hitchcock's Birds
The Haunting in Connecticut 2: Ghosts of Georgia (1:45)
Katee Sackhoff and Emily Alyn Lind talk The Haunting in Connecticut 2: Ghosts of Georgia
Warm Bodies Premiere (2:15)
Dave Franco, Nicholas Hoult, John Malkovich, Rob Corddry and Teresa Palmer are on the red-carpet for the Warm Bodies premiere
Warm Bodies: Nicholas Hoult and Teresa Palmer (2:07)
Nicholas Hoult and Teresa Palmer talk about the undead Romeo and Juliet
Singing and Dancing for an Oscar Win (2:21)
Take a look at the Oscar-winning stars who sung and danced their way to an award
Jimmy Kimmel Gets A Star (1:42)
See Jimmy Kimmel as he gets a permanent spot on the Walk of Fame
Ben Affleck: Modern Master (1:38)
Ben Affleck accepts the Film Festival's highest honor- the Modern Master Award- in Santa Barbara
Warm Bodies (2:08)
Rob Corddry, Dave Franco and Analeigh Tipton talk Warm Bodies
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The stars are out showing support for the annual awards. See Julia Stiles, Harvey Weinstein, Kerry Washington and other behind-the-scenes talent
Awards Season Fashion: 2013 SAG Awards (2:29)
Find out what the stars wore at the 2013 Screen Actors Guild Awards - hit or miss?
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Jason Statham and Jennifer Lopez hit the red carpet
John Dies at the End (2:01)
Paul Giamatti and Don Coscarelli talk John Dies at the End
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Join us as we take a look at some of Sundance's Oscar hopefuls
Hansel and Gretel Premiere (1:56)
Catch up with the stars on the red carpet at the Hansel and Gretel Premiere
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Join us on the red carpet for the star-studded Movie 43 Premiere
Behind The Scenes at the 2013 SAG Award Gala (1:53)
Find out what's going into the preparation of this is year's SAG Awards
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Find out what it takes to create the 2013 Oscars Governors ball
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Jeremy Renner, Gemma Arterton and Famke Janssen talk Hansel and Gretel
Sundance Festival: The Stars (2:06)
We talk to Jennifer Hudson, Alicia Keys and Amanda Seyfried
Parker (1:43)
Michael Chiklis talks Parker
Jason Statham: Parker (2:00)
Jason Statham talks about carrying out his own stunts in Parker
The Future of VOD (1:57)
Straight to VOD releases are a growing trend for studios - does this strategy have a future?
SAG Awards: Behind the Scenes (1:31)
Find out what goes on behind the glamour to make the SAG awards a success
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Meet the stars at the Sundance Film Festival
A Very Different Role for Jessica Chastain (2:13)
We catch up Jessica Chastain about her role in the new horror flick Mama
Schwarzenegger and Knoxville on The Last Stand (2:11)
We catch up with Arnold Schwarzenegger about his big return to acting
Mama Review (2:24)
Richard Roeper reviews Mama starring Jessica Chastain
Broken City Review (2:13)
Richard Roeper reviews Broken City starring Mark Wahlberg and Russell Crowe
The Last Stand Review (2:09)
Richard Roeper reviews The Last Stand starring Arnold Schwarzenegger and Johnny Knoxville
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We catch up with Andy Garcia and find out about his latest film
Stand Up Guys Premiere (1:46)
Jon Bon Jovi, Julianna Margulies, and Addison Timlin hit the red carpet
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Richard Roeper reviews The Impossible starring Naomi Watts and Ewan McGregor
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Josh Brolin talks Gangster Squad and working with Sean Penn
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The cast of Disney's Peter Pan gets together for a reunion at the El Capitan Theater
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The writer, producer and star of A Haunted House discusses the comedy horror
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An extended interview: Crowe discusses Broken City and his thoughts on Man of Steel
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Richard Roeper shares his 2013 Golden Globes recap
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How do the stars like their tea?
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The hottest looks are black and white and red all over
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Chris Tucker, David O. Russell, and Carmen Electra come out to party
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All tools listed on this page were created and/or funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Identification Technology Program (ITP). Use the sorting menus below to find the tool you need. If you have problems accessing any of the tools listed here, please email firstname.lastname@example.com
Hawaiian Scarab ID includes over 70 native, established, and possibly invasive scarab species from the islands of the Pacific, particularly Hawaii and Guam. Included are a key, fact sheets, behavioral videos, an anatomy guide, a sortable image gallery, and a glossary, as well as DNA barcode data to help identify larvae.
This tool provides a comprehensive, fully illustrated means of identification for all aquatic plants currently offered for sale through the aquarium and pond plant industries worldwide and an interactive, matrix-based key enables rapid identification of over 140 genera of aquatic plants. Also included are image galleries and fact sheets for each genus.
This interactive tool provides photographs, text and keys that aid in determining whether or not an unknown disseminule (e.g., seed, fruit) found as a contaminant in imported botanicals and agricultural products is a Federal Noxious Weed (FNW) and is therefore actionable.
Grasshoppers of the Western U.S., Edition 4 combines content from two sites into one: Grasshoppers of the Western U.S., Edition 3 and Common Nymphal Grasshoppers of the Western U.S. The tool now offers keys to identify both adult and pre-adult stages of many of the most commonly encountered grasshoppers in the western U.S.
This tool is designed to help the user identify almost any scale insect to family, and in some cases to species, without the need for expertise in the group. The tool emphasizes scale taxa important to the U.S. ports of entry. It includes keys for scale families, mealybugs and mealybug-like scales, soft scales, and one for scales in other families save armored scales. This is an update to the 2007 resource that included four separate scale tools.
Hispines comprise half of the subfamily Cassidinae (sensu lato) in the family Chrysomelidae within the order Coleoptera. It currently consists of 6000 species placed in 42 tribes. The combination of the Hispinae with the Cassidinae (sensu stricto) (Staines 2002b) is historically recent. This tool uses "hispines" in the traditional sense of the genera and species in the former subfamily Hispinae to enable quick recognition.
Lepidoptera is one of the largest and most economically important orders of plant eating insects. Thousands of Lepidoptera are considered pests, and each year large numbers of these species are intercepted at U.S. ports of entry as larvae. LepIntercept is a comprehensive resource for identifying intercepted Lepidoptera larvae.
Longicorn ID is intended to aid in the identification of cerambycoid or longhorned beetles to family, subfamily, or tribe. The website was updated in February 2014 to include a key for the Cerambycidae subfamily Lamiinae.
A number of ITP's Lucid keys have been converted to mobile apps, allowing use of the keys in the field on Android phones and iPhones.
This web site is designed to improve the ability of plant inspectors and diagnosticians to identify larval and adult Microlepidoptera that feed on plants in the family Solanaceae.
This tool is designed to help identify any flat mite to the taxonomic level of genus, and in some cases to species, without the need for expertise in the group.
Diabrotica ID is designed to allow identification of Diabrotica species that originate from North and Central America to users lacking expertise in taxonomy of Diabrotica. Many Diabrotica species feed on flowers, leaves and roots of a wide variety of herbaceous plants, including agricultural crops, vegetables, fruits and ornamentals and are vectors of viral and other lethal plant diseases.
Antkey is designed for non-specialists, and includes over 115 ant species that are introduced, invasive, or commonly intercepted in the United States. Features include an interactive Lucid key, dynamically generated species pages, a searchable media collection of over 1,150 images, over 70 live video clips of introduced ants, a fully illustrated glossary with over 400 terms, a searchable database of introduced ant literature, and over 12,000 specimen records of introduced ants imported from Antweb.
This system attempts to bring together in a single package all of the relevant taxonomic information for these important genera, as well as images for each species, and provides a choice of two electronic keys (Intkey or Lucid).
Citrus Pests offers screening support for over 50 important insect pests of citrus. The digital tool is aimed primarily at extension agents, inspectors, and other plant professionals with access to a light microscope and hand lens.
AphID includes a key to the 66 most polyphagous and cosmopolitan aphid species. AphID also offers users detailed descriptions of morphological features critical to identifying aphids along with annotated photographs to help illustrate each feature.
Here you will find comprehensive resources for identifying adults and larvae of tortricids that threaten agriculture in the United States. Pest species as well as common non-target species are covered in detailed fact sheets and interactive identification keys. In addition, a DNA barcode database allows for the confirm of identifications using COI barcode data.
This tool aids in the identification of potentially occurring weed disseminules in fresh table grape bunches that are grown in California's Central Valley and destined for export abroad. Disseminules are reproductive dispersal units that can be in the form of seeds, fruits and more complex modified structures. You will need a username and password to access this tool.
This tool was created to help prevent the potential spread of spiders via exportation of fresh table grape bunches from California's Central Valley growing areas to our trading partners in Australia and New Zealand. Table Grape Spider ID (TGSId) was designed to assist inspectors in identifying spiders and spider egg sacs found in table grape shipments from the Central Valley of California bound for Australia and New Zealand. You will need a username and password to access this tool.
Ironclad ID is designed to aid in the identification of adult Ironclad and Cylindrical Bark Beetles, a large, worldwide group of diverse, subcortical beetles in the family Zopheridae. This group is thought to include both harmful and beneficial species.
Citrus Resource, a commodity-based identification resource, was created to provide growers, the industry, and those associated with citrus pest and disease detection an easily accessible site to assist with their identification needs.
A Resource for California Central Valley Table Grapes is a portal to various electronic identification tools to support the screening of pests, diseases, and weeds that might be associated with harvested table grapes from California's Central Valley. You will need a username and password to access these tools.
Citrus Diseases was designed to provide screening support for individuals responsible for inspecting citrus imports and federal, state and local personnel responsible for survey and detection of citrus diseases. The tool provides support for symptom-based identification of citrus diseases that are already known in the United States, as well as those of immediate concern.
Citrus ID is designed to support the identification of host material during citrus pest and disease surveys by industry and government personnel. This tool facilitates identification to at least the cultivar group level within citrus (e.g., sweet oranges, sour oranges, etc.), if not beyond for select cultivars.
Terrestrial Mollusc Tool was specifically designed to assist in the identification of adult terrestrial slugs and snails of agricultural importance. The tool also includes species of quarantine significance as well as invasive and contaminant mollusc species commonly intercepted at U.S. ports of entry.
Because these botanical materials are often not only sectioned but also bleached and/or dyed and then scented with fragrance oils, a botanical key to the whole plant, or even plant parts, is not practical. Thus, in this unique identification tool, features such as shape, size, and texture are used.
This identification tool was created to allow users to identify the larvae and adults of the pink bollworm and distinguish them from similar species. The tool is designed for users participating in survey and monitoring programs for pink bollworm in the cotton belt of the United States.
Oncid ID is designed to aid in the identification of adult "twig girdlers," a large group of longhorned beetles in the tribe Onciderini which are widely distributed in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions, from the USA to Argentina.
A Resource for Wood Boring Beetles of the World lists identification and screening tools for wood boring beetles of the world. The site focuses on the nine families considered wood boring beetles: those taxa that are known to bore into and develop within sound wood. You can search by family, geographic coverage, or release date.
Identifying Commonly Cultivated Palms supports users that may only have a portion of a complete representative sample of a plant. This tool allows users to identify many specimens to species, though this is not possible in all cases, as many palms are capable of hybridizing.
This tool is designed to help identify bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) to the taxonomic level of genus without the need for expertise in the group. Targeted users include APHIS' pest survey specialists, ports of entry inspectors, other inspection personnel, students, and scientists.
Xyleborini is the most important and species-rich tribe of ambrosia beetles. This group contains more invasive pests than all other ambrosia beetle groups combined. This tool provides identification support for all 36 Xyleborini genera from around the world.
The palm resource is a screening aid designed to support individuals involved with commodity-based surveys. It includes identification tools for cultivated palms and their pests, diseases, and disorders known to occur in the continental U.S., Hawaii, and the Caribbean Islands as of 2010, as well as those of immediate concern to these areas.
This tool is based solely on visual symptoms for two primary reasons. First, visual symptoms are sufficient to diagnose many palm problems, especially physiological disorders such as nutrient deficiencies. Second, visual symptoms are the first step in determining which diagnostic lab to use for further analysis and which tissue should be sampled for analysis.
Screening Aid to Pests (SAP), part of the commodity-based A Resource for Pests and Diseases of Cultivated Palms, is aimed primarily at the novice entomologist. It is designed to help users determine which type of arthropod palm pest they have found and features illustrated fact sheets with descriptions of each pest as well as two interactive keys.
This tool allows the user to separate genera of Curculionidae bark beetle subfamily Scolytinae, of the southeastern United States, that are classified into the two tribes Hylesinini and Scolytini.
LBAM ID is designed to aid in the identification of adult or larval Lepidoptera encountered during light brown apple moth (LBAM) surveys in California. This tool includes interactive identification keys, images, diagrams, fact sheets, and a DNA sequence database.
PIAkey (Pacific Invasive Ant key) is an electronic guide designed to assist users to identify invasive ant species commonly encountered in the Pacific Island region. The guide covers four subfamilies, 20 genera and 44 species.
Many beetle families are known to be associated with wood in varying stages of decay, while others may live in subcortical habitats. However, this tool is designed solely to aid in the identification of those beetles that are known to bore into and develop within sound wood.
These keys are designed to provide support to quarantine workers at three levels: training in mite anatomy and identification, preliminary identification (sorting non-actionable from potentially actionable mites), and advanced taxonomic support. The keys range in complexity from "Is it a mite?", at a very basic introductory level, to species level treatments (e.g., Stratiolaelaps).
Cut Flower Exports of Africa is a tool to aid in the identification of genera of cut flowers produced in Africa and exported to major world markets. This tool includes an interactive identification key, flower images, and fact sheets. The interactive identification key runs as a Lucid3 Java applet.


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Yes/No is the new pair of tees just released by the typography experts over at Ugmonk. I think the product description says it best:
"Sometimes you wake up feeling great and you're willing to say "YES†to just about anything. Other times all you want to do is say "NO†– leave me alone! Now you can just let your shirts say it for you."
You can pick up Yes/No for $38 from Ugmonk, be sure to use the coupon code "COTY09″ for an extra 10% off your entire order. And yes, you do get both shirts. And no, you can't purchase these shirts separately.


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Biomass conversion into fuels
Biomass, a source of renewable energy, is organic biological material such as wood, wood waste, municipal solid waste, straw, sugar cane, algae, and many other byproducts derived from agricultural and forestry production as well as other sources. Since biomass derives from plants generated by solar energy in the photosynthesis process it can also be defined as the biological material on Earth that has stored solar energy in the chemical bonds of the organic material.
The fossil fuels (coal, petroleum crude oil and natural gas) are currently thought to have been formed from prehistoric, ancient biomass buried deeply underground over millions of years of geological time. Therefore, they are not considered to be renewable sources of energy.
Production of fuels and other products from biomass
Biomass fuel for electric power production
The direct combustion of biomass for producing heat and electric power provides a ready disposal mechanism for municipal, agricultural, and industrial organic wastes. In 2010, about 11,377 megawatts (MW) of electric power, amounting to 1.1% of the summertime electrical supply in the United States was generated by burning biomass that included: wood, wood waste, municipal solid waste (MSW), landfill gas, and agricultural byproducts and waste.[1]
The New Hope Power Partnership in Florida is the largest biomass power plant in North America. It generates 140 MW of power using uses sugar cane fiber (bagasse) and recycled wood as fuel.[2] It has been in operation for more than ten years.
Production of liquid transportation fuels
There are several processes available for converting the chemical energy contained in biomass into liquid automotive transport fuels such as biodiesel and ethanol.[3]
Ethanol fuel:
Ethanol fuel is ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) and it is most often used as an automotive motor fuel, mainly as an additive for gasoline (petrol). Ethanol can be produced by fermentation of sugar cane, bagasse, sugar beets, barley, potatoes, corn and many other grains as well as many agricultural byproducts and wastes.
The worldwide production of ethanol for automotive fuel in 2007 was 52,000,000,000 liters (13,700,000,000 gallons). From 2007 to 2008, the share of ethanol in global gasoline use increased from 3.7% to 5.4%.[4] In 2009, worldwide ethanol fuel production reached 73,900,000,000 liters (19,500,000,000 gallons) and was expected to reach 85,900,000,000 liters (22,700,000,000 gallons) in 2010.[5]
Ethanol fuel is widely used in Brazil and in the USA, and together both countries were responsible for about 86 percent of the world's ethanol fuel production in 2009.[6]
Biodiesel fuel:
Biodiesel refers to a diesel fuel produced by chemically reacting lipids such as vegetable oils or animal fats with an alcohol such as methyl alcohol (CH3OH). The resulting biodiesel consists of esters of long-chain fatty acids. The process is known as "transesterification" and it may be carried out by several methods: the common batch process, supercritical processes and ultrasonic methods.
In 2009, the worldwide production of biodiesel was 17,900,000,000 liters (4,730,000,000 gallons). The three countries with the largest annual biodiesel production were Germany (16%), France (12%) and the United States (11%).[7]
Biomass gasification to produce syngas
Gasification is a process that reacts carbon-containing materials (such as coal or biomass) at high temperatures with reagent gases (namely, steam, pure oxygen and/or air) to produce a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) commonly called syngas (a contraction of synthesis gas). It has been in use since the early 1800s when coal and peat were gasified to produce what was then called town gas for lighting and cooking ... later to be replace by electricity and natural gas. As of 2010, 412 modern industrial-scale gasifiers were in operation in 29 countries worldwide (see adjacent table).[9]
The syngas may be directly burned as a fuel, converted into methyl alcohol or hydrogen, subjected to the methanation process to produce synthetic natural gas (SNG),[10] or converted into synthetic liquid hydrocarbons via Fischer-Tropsch process.
The vessel in which the gasification process takes place is called a gasifier. There are various types of gasifiers in current use, including:[9][11]
Counter-current fixed bed gasifier: This gasifier is a vertical, cylindrical vessel containing a bed of carbon-containing material (e.g., coal or biomass) through which steam, oxygen and/or air flow upward.
Although commonly referred to as a fixed bed gasifier, the crushed coal or biomass is fed into the gasifier through a lock hopper mounted on top of the gasifier and the carbonaceous material slowly moves downward as it is converted into syngas, which is removed from the upper portion of the gasifier, and ash or slag removed from the bottom of the gasifier.[12][13][14]
Co-current fixed bed gasifier: This gasifier is also a vertical cylindrical vessel, which is quite similar to the counter-current gasifier type except that the steam, oxygen and/or air enter at the top of the bed, flow downward co-current with the slowly moving bed of carbonaceous material, and the product syngas is removed below the bed.[12][15][16]
Fluidized bed gasifier: This gasifier is again a vertical, cylindrical vessel. It differs from the fixed bed reactors in that the feedstock biomass is very finely crushed before it enters the gasifier and the reaction bed of ground biomass is fluidized by the reagent gases (steam, oxygen and/or air) flowing upward through the bed.
The fluidization of the reaction bed increases the height of the bed (as compared to the fixed bed gasifiers) and the finely crushed biomass results in much more biomass surface area being exposed to the reagent gases. The product syngas contains fine particles of crushed biomass which are removed by routing the syngas through a cyclone to recover the fines and recycle them back into the reaction bed.[12][17]
Entrained flow gasifier: This gasifier, like the other three discussed above, is also a vertical, cylindrical vessel. The feedstock biomass is finely crushed and flows downward co-currently with pure oxygen. Air is seldom used as a reagent gas in an entrained gasifier. The gasification reactions take place in a dense cloud of fine biomass particles.
The syngas exits from the bottom section of the gasifier and is routed through a cyclone (and perhaps a water scrubber) for removal of the fines. Entrained gasifiers operate at temperatures of about 1000 to 1800 °C and at pressures of 30 to 70 bar which is a much higher pressure than is the case for other types of gasifiers. The adjacent Fig. 1 depicts an entrained flow gasifier of the type discussed here.[9][12][17][18]
Gasification chemistry
It is difficult to state exactly what chemical reactions occur during gasification. However, most researchers have reached agreement on the primary reactions and the syngas composition ranges shown just below:[9][12]
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is a catalytic chemical process developed in the 1920s to convert a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (i.e., syngas), into hydrocarbon molecular chains of varying lengths.
The process was invented by Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch working in Germany's Kaiser Wilhelm Institute (today the Max Planck Institute) in the 1920's. It was first commercialized in Germany in 1936 and it was used extensively by Germany during World War II to produce synthetic fuels. Later, facing isolation and embargoes during the apartheid era (1948 - 1990), South Africa turned to coal gasification and the Fischer-Tropsch process to supply significant quantities of its hydrocarbon fuel needs. Since that time, the process has been extensively improved and refined.[19][20]
The process is relatively simple: syngas is fed at high temperatures through catalysts (usually the transition metals cobalt or iron) which facilitate the hydrocarbon formation. When paired with syngas from the gasification of fossil fuels or biomass, the Fischer-Tropsch process is a method of converting any available carbon source into hydrocarbon liquids consisting of molecules having from five to 20 carbon atoms in accordance with the following equation for the formation of alkanes (CnH2n+2), which are the primary hydrocarbons formed:[19][21]
(2n + 1) H2 + n CO ⇒ CnH2n+2 + n H2O
where n is an integer. For example, if n = 5, the equation represents the formation of pentane (C5H12) which is a liquid hydrocarbon that is a component of gasoline (petrol). As another example, if n = 12, the equation represents the formation of dodecane (C12H26) which is a liquid hydrocarbon component of diesel fuel.
Lesser amounts of alkenes (CnH2n) and alcohols (CnH2n+1OH) are formed in accordance with these equations:[21]
n CO + 2n H2 ⇒ CnH2n + n H2O
n CO + 2n H2 ⇒ CnH2n+1OH + (n – 1) H20
There are a good many different reactor designs for the Fischer-Tropsch process as well as different operating conditions. There are two general process temperature ranges:[22]
- Low temperature (200 to 260 °C): Designs using this temperature are referred to LTFT (a contraction of "low temperature Fischer-Tropsch") and generally use a cobalt catalyst.
- High temperature (300 to 350 °C): Designs using this temperature are referred to HTFT (a contraction of "high temperature Fischer-Tropsch") and generally use an iron catalyst.
The LTFT designs produce predominantly hydrocarbons in the boiling range of diesel fuel and waxes. Fixed-bed reactors are considered to be the "conventional" technology for LTFT designs and slurry phase reactors are considered to be "advanced" technology.
The HTFT designs produce predominantly gaseous alkene hydrocarbons having two to four carbon atoms, and liquid hydrocarbons in the boiling range of gasoline. Circulating fluidized bed reactors are considered to be the "conventional" technology for HTFT designs and fixed fluidized bed reactors are considered to be "advanced" technology.
- Table 4. U.S. electric net summer capacity, 2006 - 2010, U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE).
- New Hope Power Partnership, Agriculture & Renewable Energy: The Partnership for a New Frontier, Florida Public Service Commission (FPSC) Workshop, July 26, 2007.
- ABC's of Biofuels, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) in the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE).
- Assessing Biofuels (2009), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
- Global ethanol production to reach 85.9 billion litres (22.7 billion gallons) in 2010, Renewable Fuels Association (RFA).
- Ethanol Industry Statistics, Renewable Fuels Association (RFA).
- Production of biofuels in the world in 2009, from the Biofuels Platform published in Switzerland.
- Gasification 2010 Worldwide Database, National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
- Gasification Technologies ProgramOverview, National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). (An excellent overview of the worldwide gasification technology.)
- Milton R. Beychok (May 1975), "Process and environmental technology for producing SNG and liquid fuels", U.S. EPA report EPA-660/2-75-011.
- Gasification in Detail: Types of Gasifiers, National Energy Technology Laboratory ((NETL), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE).
- Generic gasifier modelling: Evaluating model by gasifier type, J.P. Visagie (October 2008), Master's dissertation, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
- Milton R. Beychok (March 1974), "Coal gasification for clean energy", Energy Pipelines and Systems.
- Milton R. Beychok (September 1974), "Coal gasification and the Phenosolvan process", American Chemical Society 168th National Meeting, Atlantic City, New Jersey.
- M.J. Groeneveld and W.P.M. Van Swaaij, "The Design of Co-Current Moving-Bed Gasifiers Fueled by Biomass" published in the book: Jerry Latham Jones and Shirley B. Radding (Editors) (1980), Thermal conversion of solid wastes and biomass, Volume 130 of ACS symposium series, American Chemical Society, ISBN 0-8412-0565-5.
- Gasoification of solid Waste — Potential and Application of Co-current Moving Bed Gasifiers, M. J. Groeneveld and W.P.M. Van Swaaij, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Twente University of Technology, The Netherlands.
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