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OCHS dance team hosting fundraiser
When: May 15.
Where: Oldham County High School.
What: The Oldham County High School dance team will host a Relay for Life - Hip-Hop-athon from 7 to 9 p.m. May 15 in the OCHS Building III gym.
There is a $1 donation at the door and dancers are seeking sponsors to help raise money for the American Cancer Society in conjunction with the Relay For Life event.
If you currently subscribe or have subscribed in the past to the Oldham Era, then simply find your account number on your mailing label and enter it below.
Click the question mark below to see where your account ID appears on your mailing label.
If you are new to the award winning Oldham Era and wish to get a subscription or simply gain access to our online content then please enter your ZIP code below and continue to setup your account.
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text: We are a welcoming and inclusive family of faith in Dallas. In a reflection of the teachings of Jesus Christ, we are an Open and Affirming congregation of the United Church of Christ, a denomination that says, "Our faith may be 2,000 years old, but our thinking isn't!" Our vision is to celebrate and continue to build Christ's universal Church. We extend our warm hospitality to you, whether you're a guest, a neighbor, seeking a church home, or just in town visiting. No matter who you are or where you are on life's journey, you are welcome here, so please join us for worship!

subset: commoncrawl


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1) Wet n' Wild 511B lipstick
2) Bold statement necklace from mom's thrift shop
3) Favorite denim GAP jacket with pretty pins + Marc Jacobs t-shirt
4) Jeffrey Campbell heels
5) new purchase: Vintage greeeeeeen jacket!
6) Mad for plaid, plaid shirt from F21, Free People jeans, Nine West clogs
7) Coloring fashion boook, Urban Outfitters.
8) Marc Jacobs neon bag!….*loves
9) new purchase: polka dot + silk shorts, thrifted
10) I sea you; Malibu beach, AE cardigan, H&M bathing suit + Kill City cut offs
11) Soft palette; H&M skirt, urban outfitters tee, random jewelry


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Pop the Pic
Games » Brain & Puzzle
by Itch Mania
Developer Notes
Formerly What's the Picture? now Pop the Pic!
From the makers of 4 Pics 1 Word - Whats the Word? now comes the next sensation: What's the Pic?
Reveal the picture piece by piece and try to guess the word. If you liked 4 Pics 1 Word, you'll love this new variant!
Enjoy easy, instant puzzling fun....


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Free course guide
1300 762 129
Where all studies are social.
Buzzing campus culture. Because good friends become great colleagues.
Martin has four campuses sprawling into the sights, sounds and social activities of the surrounding city. Because we know that being a student isn't all about sitting in a classroom, all of our campuses offer a wide range of events – sporting, parties, functions, excursions – where you can make and meet friends.
Set in the sprawling and stylish suburb, Darlinghurst, you'll never be bored at our Sydney campus. Be amongst a flurry of social activity, surrounded by cafes, restaurants, bars and shops. Martin shares campuses with our sister colleges Charles Sturt University Sydney Study Centre and Embassy English, so you'll meet plenty of people while making the most of your studies.
Campus address: Level 1, 63 Oxford Street, Darlinghurst NSW 2010
Find out more
If there's one word to sum up Melbourne city, it would be vibrant. Art, culture, fine dining and secret laneways are all part of the Melbourne experience. Our campus puts you right in the throng of the action, a simple stroll from all the shops, sights and culinary delights.
NEW Campus address: Level 3, 30 Church Lane, Melbourne VIC 3000
Soak up the sun, surf and sand alongside your studies at our Gold Coast campus. It's a stones throw away from Surfers Paradise and shared with students from our sister college, so you'll have plenty of time for work and play.
Campus address: Level 5, 38 Cavill Avenue, Surfers Paradise, QLD 4217
They don't call it the Sunshine State for nothing – Brisbane is a bustling city constantly bathed in sunlight. And Martin's campus is right in the middle of the action. Shopping, dining and public transport are all at your fingertips.
Campus address: Level 4, 119 Charlotte Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000
Across all of Martin's campuses, you'll find:
*Not available at the Gold Coast campus.
© Martin 2016
Study Group Australia Pty Limited, trading as Martin College
CRICOS Code: 01682E
This website was updated on 25/04/2016


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Learn how to add water gardens to landscape
What: Placer County Master Gardener's Sixth Annual
Gardeners Gathering
Where: Blue Goose Fruit Event Center, 3550 Taylor Road in Loomis.
When: 8:30 a.m. - 3:30 p.m., Saturday, March 2
Tickets: $30 includes lunch and light refreshments. Advance registration is required. Register at http://pcmg.ucanr.org or at the UCCE office in the Dewitt Center, 11477 E Ave., in Auburn.
Information: (530) 889-7388
Golden Pond Water Plants
What: Aquatic plant nursery
Where: 3275 Sierra College Blvd., in Loomis
Hours: Open April to October; 10 a.m.- 4 p.m.,
Thursday - Sunday
Information: 652-5459 or goldenpondwaterplants.com
A Loomis aquatic gardening specialist will demonstrate how to enhance any yard or outdoor space by adding water gardens to the landscape.
Sue Golden, of Golden Pond Water Plants, will be one of five local experts featured at the Placer County Master Gardener's Sixth Annual Gardeners Gathering from 8:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m., Saturday, March 2 at the Blue Goose Event Center, 3550 Taylor Road.
Golden will show participants many ways to create water gardens by adding plants to water features of all types, depths and sizes. She will talk about assembling table-top water bowls and constructing floating water gardens in large earth-bottom koi ponds to protect plants from the fish. "Using water brings so much interest and dimension to landscape. Most people think of ponds, but I'm going to demonstrate how anything that you can flow water through, even a gutter, could be a planter for aquatics," she said.
Golden graduated from Del Oro High School in 1980 and earned her Bachelor's degree in Landscape Design and Ornamental Horticulture in 1987 from Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo. She started her career by working at Fowler's Nursery in Newcastle, while running a landscape design business on the side.
"I was designing water features into my clients' yards, but there were no aquatic plants available except by ordering them bare root from back east, so I started growing plants here to supply my clients. I started growing more and more plants as interest in water gardening grew and was able to open the nursery for people to come shop for plants in 1993," she said.
Golden's knowledge has expanded with the nursery, where she grows more than 300 varieties of aquatic, bog and terrestrial plants from seed, cuttings and division. March is the ideal time to start, because water gardening is only done the good months of the year, Golden said. The nursery is open April through October.
"It's going to ramp up as soon as the days warm up, when the algae starts growing," she said. "The summer is the height of the cycle. When it's hot and nothing else is growing, water plants are thriving."
Visiting the nursery is an educational experience. Golden offers lots of classes and gives demonstrations and tours to garden clubs, she said. Displays range in size from vertical pole and rooftop gardens to fountains, still water lily and koi ponds.
Golden said she continually adds new exhibits to help clients get ideas and select the right varieties for their own water gardens.
"The whole gist of water gardening is balancing the water to encourage the plants to out-compete algae by taking nutrients from the water. Basically, I provide information when people come in with an algae issue or other problem. It's very challenging because every situation is different and every year your pond is different than it was the year before," she said.
Besides Golden, the Gardeners Gathering will feature information from Master Gardeners and other gardening-related agencies.
Joanne Neft, author of "The Art of Real Food" and "Placer County Real Food," will speak on garden to kitchen; Contra Costa Master Gardener Janet Miller presents "Beyond Tomatoes and Zucchini;" Carolyn Singer, author of "The Seasoned Gardener" and "Deer in My Garden" will speak on creating a healthy garden; Ellen Zagory, UC Davis Arboretum director of public horticulture, will discuss how to select plants for garden diversity.


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The Power of Independent Thinking
Richard Vedder on the National Debt Crisis
Recorded: Wednesday, January 12, 2011
Richard Vedder on PressTV explains why the U.S. government has done little to reduce a national debt that is approaching its current ceiling of $14.3 trillion.
Experts: Richard K. VedderType: TelevisionIssues: Fiscal Policy/Debt
Is Wal-Mart Good or Bad for America? A Debate
Recorded: Tuesday, May 8, 2007
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Wal-Marts detractors argue that Wal-Mart reduces living standards, hurts retail trade, disrupts communities, and relies on government programs to provide healthcare for many of its workers. Is Wal-Mart a force for good or evil?
Experts: Ken Jacobs, Richard K. VedderType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Business, Labor and Employment, Regulation and Deregulation
Private Solutions for Reducing Road Congestion, Fuel Costs, Travel Time, and Waste
Recorded: Thursday, September 28, 2006
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Part 6
Part 7
Part 8
Part 9
Part 10
Congestion is not a fact of life, declared Mr. Mineta, We need a new approach, and we need it now. Such an approach is presented in the new Independent Institute book, Street Smart: Competition, Entrepreneurship and the Future of Roads.
Experts: Daniel B. Klein, Gabriel Roth, Alexander T. TabarrokType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Privatization, Transportation


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Search Swinburne Research Bank
Home List of Titles Freestanding and movable photonic microstructures fabricated by photopolymerization with femtosecond laser pulses
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/193412
- Title
- Freestanding and movable photonic microstructures fabricated by photopolymerization with femtosecond laser pulses
- Author(s)
- Sun, Quan; Juodkazis, Saulius; Murazawa, Naoki; Mizeikis, Vygantas; Misawa, Hiroaki
- Abstract
- We present a method to fabricate freestanding and movable photonic microstructures by photopolymerization in a zirconium-based sol-gel hybrid resist with femtosecond laser three-dimensional (3D) direct writing. The freestanding microstructures exhibit much less distortion than the conventional structures attached to substrates, especially when made at close to the photopolymerization threshold. A few percent shrinkage which exists rescales the structure and it can lead to the shift of the photonic stop band toward shorter wavelengths. Fabrication of freestanding and freely movable (in micro-fluidic environment) 3D microstructures realizes a simple approach to quantitatively study the shrinkage of photopolymers and to improve the resolution. 3D-movable micro-optical elements with designed photonic properties and micro-devices have potential in opto-fluidics and opto-micro-mechanical applications based on laser trapping and manipulation.
- Publication type
- Journal article
- Source
- Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, Vol. 20, no. 3 (Mar 2010), article no. 035004
- Publication year
- 2010
- FOR Code(s)
- 0915 Interdisciplinary Engineering
- Keyword(s)
- Femtosecond laser pulses; Photonic microstructures; Photopolymerization
- Publisher
- Institute of Physics Publishing
- 0960-1317
- Publisher URL
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd.
- Peer reviewed


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News & Stories
Vol State Online Survey for North Davidson Residents
Submitted on September 03, 2010 at 8:46 AM
Volunteer State Community College has a new survey for residents in North Davidson County. The online questionnaire asks what kind of classes people would like to see offered and the most important subject areas that should be covered. The goal is to hear from the community in order to strengthen partnerships in the area. Vol State currently works with a number of secondary schools to offer College classes in North Davidson County. The survey is part of an overall process that will also help to determine if there is a need for a new higher education facility in the area. Residents can take the survey by visiting: www.volstate.edu/DavidsonCounty
For more information on the process please contact Ken Lovett at email@example.com.
A service provided by the Office of Public Relations.


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Simon SimonFollow Simon
22-year-old Male living in Melbourne, Victoria Australia
Simon 18 Gap Year Bring on contiki :) Travelling with some mates, will be my first time overseas and cannot wait! Looking forward to making new friends as we party, drink and explore our way through Europe together, keen to meet you all soon!
Level 1 Traveler
1 tour
7 countries
Following 30 people
Followed by 20 people


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Multiple units were sent to a house Saturday morning after an officer responding to a domestic call saw blood outside the home.
The first officer had been called to a home at 10:30 a.m. on the 4200 block of Forrest Hill Road, near Garden of the Gods and Centennial in Colorado Springs, after a woman reported that her boyfriend had punched her. When he arrived at the home, he heard loud shouting coming from inside, which stopped after he knocked. Additional units were called after the officer saw blood outside.
Police say they made multiple announcements for the occupants to exit the home with no response. Just before they executed an emergency entry plan, the door opened. Police say they found the victim with injuries consistent with an assault, as well as two small children inside. The suspect, identified as 28-year-old Jeramine Simpson, was arrested for third-degree assault and child abuse.
KKTV firmly believes in freedom of speech for all and we are happy to provide this forum for the community to share opinions and facts. We ask that commenters keep it clean, keep it truthful, stay on topic and be responsible. Comments left here do not necessarily represent the viewpoint of KKTV 11 News.
If you believe that any of the comments on our site are inappropriate or offensive, please tell us by clicking "Report Abuse" and answering the questions that follow. We will review any reported comments promptly.powered by Disqus
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


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That looks very good.
Hey Guild,
Here's the finished map. 12 days ago I'd never made a map. But I needed one for my novel I'll be publishing before the end of the year. So, I came here looking for advice and found so much that was helpful (and so many helpful people). Thank you all for your help in this. As I promised in the W.I.P. thread, here is some info on my novel. The short story preview set in the same world is available on Amazon (starting some time tomorrow it will be on free promo for 5 days, so head on over and snag it. It's a fun little read... if I do say so myself). It includes the first two chapters of my upcoming novel Treasures of Darkness ~ Treasures of Light, Book One: Through the Dark Wood.
If you're interested Check it out.
Anyway... I'm really grateful to this group for all your help. I made a few customer textures and a few custom brushes. I'd be happy to share them. If anyone is interested, just send me a message.
Okay now to the maps
Color (for e-book)
Grayscale (for print book)
That looks very good.
I hadn't seen any of your work before this morning. Wow... after having seen it, I consider your reply a very high compliment. Your work is fantastic! If book one in my series goes off well (i.e. if I make enough money) , I may have to contact you for work on book two. )
Thanks for the compliment, and have a great day!
Nice job, good luck with the book
Yeah. That's pretty sweet. I get a very Middle Earth feel from it...and that's a good thing.
Good Work I like the arrangement
That's pretty great work, especially for having never created a map before. The mountains/hills look especially nice. Did you draw the text yourself, or is that a font?
Nice work...!!!
"Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall."-Confucius
Old map and Historic map


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The Power of Independent Thinking
Robert Higgs on Federal Reserve Transparency
Recorded: Tuesday, December 1, 2009
Originally aired on 12/1/09 on FoxNews.coms Freedom Watch. Robert Higgs, Senior Fellow at the Independent Institute, discusses increased scrutiny of the Federal Reserve and Chairman Ben Bernanke's nomination for reappointment with Judge Napolitano.
Experts: Robert HiggsType: TelevisionIssues: Banking and Finance, Economic Policy, Government Secrecy
Fred Singer on Climate Change Data
Recorded: Monday, November 23, 2009
Originally aired 11/23/09 on the BBC. Fred Singer, Research Fellow at the Independent Institute and author of Hot Talk, Cold Science, provides a skeptics perspective on global warming and discusses the controversial emails from University of East Anglias Climate Research Unit.
Experts: S. Fred SingerType: TelevisionIssues: Energy, Environment, Science, Technology


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Since its inception in 1926, the little black dress has had some major fashion moments. From showstopping red-carpet appearances to memorable movie performances, one thing is for sure – history wouldn't be nearly as stylish without this little black phenomenon.
Our 10 Ways to Wear: The Little Black Dress Boutique opens Thursday, March 28, at 11AM ET.
By Keriann Coffey, Associate Blog Editor
Not a Member and like The (Style) Guide? You'll love Rue La La. Join now.


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Photographer Stacey Irvin Exhibit at Thigpen GalleryThe Volunteer State Community College Thigpen Gallery will display the work of Nashville photographer Stacey Irvin in October. Irvin is an award-winning world and humanitarian photographer, freelance graphic designer and web developer.
Irvin travels and photographs worldwide, producing candid images that she says will invite viewers to appreciate the individuality and integrity of her subjects while illuminating a shared humanity. Irvin says she is particularly interested in promoting preservation and appreciation of rural and indigenous cultures."I hope Vol State students will feel a connection to the people in my photographs and a desire to learn more about their daily life and culture," she said. "Students should feel free to contact me with questions about my work and travel experiences"
Irvin presents her projects to schools and community organizations and has exhibited in local venues that include The Parthenon Museum, the Tennessee Arts Commission Gallery, the Metro Nashville Arts Commission Gallery, The Nashville International Airport, Vanderbilt University and Belmont University. Irvin has been a guest lecturer at Watkins College, an instructor at The Art Institute of Tennessee-Nashville, Vanderbilt University Sarratt Art Studios and the Frist Center for the Visual Arts.
Her work will appear at the Vol State Thigpen Library Gallery from October 1 to November 5. The exhibit is free and open to the public from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m. Monday through Saturday and closed on Sunday. The Thigpen Library is on the Vol State campus at 1480 Nashville Pike in Gallatin. For more information call 615-230-3201.
Pictured: "Morning Smile" by Stacey Irvin.


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There are 63 results - Show results on a map Print this page
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The Tollgate Inn combines the comforts of a traditional hostelry with excellent food, served in delightful surroundings. It stands near the village green in Holt, only a short drive from Bath. The bed...More about The Tollgate Inn
The Muddy Duck is full of character and is quietly located in a pleasant village almost mid-way between Bath and Bradford-on-Avon. Bedrooms and bathrooms vary in terms of space but all are very well f...More about The Muddy Duck
Marlborough House is situated opposite Royal Victoria Park and close to the Royal Crescent. Some original features remain and the rooms are decorated with period furniture and pictures. The atmosphere...More about Marlborough House
Widbrook Grange is an impressive Bath stone country house, offering a quiet retreat a short drive from the bustle of Bath. Spacious bedrooms are located either in the main house or in the converted fa...More about Widbrook Grange
Astor House offers very comfortable accommodation and personal, friendly service. Rooms are understatedly elegant, and equipped with a wealth of extras for the modern traveller. Hearty breakfasts are ...More about Astor House
This Grade II-listed building is located in the main High Street and was formerly the village post office. Bedrooms and bathrooms are all comfortably furnished and include some welcome extras. Parking...More about The Resting Post
Popular as a wedding venue, Orchardleigh House is a large imposing manor with a wealth of history and character. Guests can choose from a wide range of bedrooms and bathrooms, ranging from very large ...More about Orchardleigh House
A warm welcome is assured at this 18th-century end-of-terrace house, located just a stroll from the heart of the historic city. The spacious bedrooms, some with four-poster beds, are comfortable and w...More about Roman City Guest House
Located in peaceful countryside and surrounded by a variety of crops, this traditional farmhouse offers a relaxing stay. Spacious and well-furnished bedrooms are located in the main property, with an ...More about Corston Fields Farm
This recently refurbished inn has an excellent location, just a few minutes' stroll from central Bath and all its attractions. Bedrooms are comfortably furnished and come in a range of shapes and size...More about The Rising Sun Inn


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Community Information Database
Janus of Santa Cruz
Email Record || Printer Friendly
|General Agency Information
|Janus of Santa Cruz
|200 7th Avenue, Suite 150
Santa Cruz, CA 95062
Driving Directions
|Primary Phone:
|Toll Free:
|Fax Number:
|Email Address:
|Days/Hours of Operation/Phone:
|Monday-Thursday 9:00 am to 8:00 pm
Friday 9:00 am to 5:00 pm
Saturday 9:00 am to 12:00 pm
|**New Watsonville location**
284 Pennsylvania Ave. (831)319-4200
To provide hopeful, supportive, person-centered and respectful substance abuse services to individuals and families on the journey toward wellness and recovery in a professional, compassionate environment.
Janus offers the following programs and services: Special Care Unit (Detoxification); Residential Treatment Center; Perinatal Residential Program, Adult and Perinatal Day Treatment Programs, Narcotic Treatment Program (methadone and buprenorphine), Intensive Outpatient and Relapse Prevention, DUI and Sober Living Homes.
ELIGIBILITY: 18 years of age and over with a chemical dependency problem. Call for information.
FEES: County referrals, private pay and insurance. Sliding scale for private pay with low income.
AREAS SERVED: Santa Cruz County, for publicly assisted clients. No restriction on insurance and private pay.
|RESIDENTIAL SPECIAL CARE: provides 24-hour, intensive supervision and treatment for individuals who are in the early stages of withdrawal from alcohol and/or other drugs. The length of stay is determined by the individual's withdrawal process and needs, the average is 4 to 6 days.
RESIDENTIAL 28-DAY TREATMENT PROGRAM: is a 24 hour/7 day a week intensive combination of individualized treatment within the modalities of group, individual, process and education. The Family Program, physical fitness and neurotherapy (biofeedback) support successful treatment outcomes. The Janus Community Clinic has accreditation with the Council on Accreditation for Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF)
DAY TREATMENT PROGRAM at 200 7th Avenue in Santa Cruz: is our most intensive and structured non-residential substance abuse treatment program offering six hour per day, six day per week structured treatment services. Also CARF certified.
PERINATAL TREATMENT PROGRAMS: an intensive combination of individualized treatment consisting of group, individual, and family counseling, with the central goal of supporting women in their recovery from alcohol and drug dependence. The program is specifically designed for women who are pregnant or parenting young children. Childcare and parenting support is a core element of this program, also known as the Mondanaro-Baskin Center. The Perinatal Day Treatment Program provides treatment to women who are pregnant or parenting young children, but on an outpatient basis.
NARCOTIC TREATMENT PROGRAM: The CARF Accredited Janus Community Clinic fosters the health, hope and recovery of opioid dependent patients receiving medication assisted treatment. Our program provides medication (methadone and Buprenorphine), and individual and group counseling to improve the safety, stability, and success of individuals recovering from opiate dependence.
INTENSIVE OUTPATIENT PROGRAM: (IOP) is offered in two group and individual counseling modalities: primary treatment and relapse prevention. The IOP serves individuals who require counseling support but who do not need the support of residential treatment. The relapse prevention modality is designed for individuals who have participated in either primary treatment and/or have achieved a base of recovery, but who have relapsed. Upon discharge, all clients are strongly encouraged to participate in our ongoing Aftercare Program. CARF certified.
DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE PROGRAM: (DUI) programs include First Offense and Multiple Offense programs. The mission of DUI is to impact the substance abusing driver so as to prevent him/her from driving under the influence in the future. The program provides intensive education and counseling and works closely with other Janus programs and community resources to ensure continued care for those people who need it.
SOBER LIVING ENVIRONMENTS located in Santa Cruz: The 2 SLEs provide alternative housing to individuals who are recovering from chemical dependency. Heath Street is for men only; and the more intensive Alternative to Incarceration program (ATI), for women and men, includes 24/7 staff availability and a meal program
|Volunteer Info:
|Assist with the child care program, play with infants and toddlers up to age 3, offer a hand to new moms. A regular commitment of a few hours a week is preferred. Contact Jessica Stone 423-9015
|Languages other than English:
|American Sign Language
|Accommodations for Disabled:
|Parking & Wheelchair Access
|Public Transportation:
|Call for information
|See Description Notes
|See Description Notes
|Areas Served:
|See Description Notes
|Physical Location:
|Santa Cruz
Rod Libbey
|Contact Persons
Rod Libbey
|Subject Headings
|Alcohol Dependency Support Groups
Alcohol Detoxification
Alcoholism Counseling
Alcoholism Day Treatment
Drug Abuse Counseling
Drug Day Treatment
Drug Dependency Support Groups
Drug Detoxification
DUI Offender Programs
Methadone Maintenance
Outpatient Drug Detoxification
Pregnant Women
Private Nonprofits
Relapse Prevention Programs
Residential Alcoholism Treatment
Residential Drug Abuse Treatment
Residential Treatment Facilities
Sober Living Centers
Sober Living Centers for Recovering Alcoholics
Sober Living Centers for Recovering Drug Abusers
Substance Abuse Counseling
Substance Abuse Day Treatment
Substance Abuse Drop In Services
Substance Abuse Intervention Programs
Substance Abuse Services
Substance Abuse Treatment Programs
Volunteer Opportunities
|This record last modified January 6, 2015


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Military Travel
Special rates require proof of eligibility at check-in.
You're one step closer to paradise...
Outrigger Vinh Hoi Resort and Spa will be one of the first premier hotels in this region along the south-central coast of Vietnam. 210 hotel rooms and 46 private villas will occupy a beautiful beachfront on a secluded bay near Quy Nhon, the capital city of Binh Dinh province. Outrigger Vinh Hoi Resort and Spa will be part of the 800-acre Vinh Hoi Bay Golf Resort featuring a golf course designed by Robert Trent Jones, Jr. The resort area will include other internationally-branded hotels, Vietnam's first equestrian center, hiking trails, a local market place, and ocean activities along a stunning stretch of beach nearly two miles long.
This new resort destination is served by Phu Cat Airport (UIH), just an hour's flight from Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon) International Airport (SGN).
If you have questions or need assistance with a reservation, please call or click to chat online.
Toll-Free US, Canada & Guam:
Toll-Free Australia:
Worldwide Phone: +1-303-369-7777
Worldwide Fax: +1-303-369-9403
Start online chat


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Play comes naturally to children. It is their work; it is through play that they learn about themselves and the world.
When parents participate in play, they help to develop their child's literacy, numeracy and social skills.
Please subscribe to view full article.
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Skip to main content
The Native Youth Sexual Health Network (NYSHN) is an organization by and for Indigenous youth that works within the full spectrum of sexual and reproductive health, rights, and justice across the United States and Canada.
The reclamation and revitalization of traditional knowledge about people's fundamental human rights over their bodies and spaces, intersected with present-day realities is fundamental to our work.
We work within the full spectrum of reproductive and sexual health for Indigenous peoples.
What NYSHN Believes in:
Youth empowerment: means that youth are strong, and that youth deserve to be leaders in initiatives that have to do with us.
Sex positivity: means that sex is not a bad thing – and that we can talk about the good stuff too.
Cultural safety: means we have the right to talk about our culture, our spirituality, and our own communities when we talk about our bodies.
Healthy sexuality: means sex is a natural normal thing for humans to do – but on our own terms. It means we need all the information we can get to know about our sexuality – which is so much more than just having sex.
Reproductive justice: means that our bodies produce life in so many ways other than having children. Things have happened in the past and are still happening now that prevent us from having full autonomy and rights over own bodies – which is why we need justice.
Information on this site is provided for educational purposes. It is not meant to and cannot substitute for advice or care provided by an in-person medical professional. The information contained herein is not meant to be used to diagnose or treat a health problem or disease, or for prescribing any medication. You should always consult your own healthcare provider if you have a health problem or medical condition.


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DIY Paper Decorations for the New Year
Whether large or small, a New Year's Eve gathering requires festive decorations. Here are some fun and affordable paper decorations that you can make yourself, perhaps using leftover wrapping paper from the holidays.
At left, a DIY Modern Paper Ornament from How About Orange; it looks complicated but the instructions are super clear and easy to follow. At right, Martha Stewart's Shimmering New Year's Streamers are reminiscent of the Times Square ball.
These Custom Sparklers were a wedding project featured on Style Me Pretty. They could easily be adapted for a New Year's party.
At left, Personal Poppers featured on Delish. You can make these treat-filled favors using empty toilet paper or paper towel rolls, tissue paper, and ribbon. At right, a pretty Wrapping Paper Star; instructions are at Family Fun.
And don't forget the confetti, which you can make using a paper shredder or hole punch. Happy 2011!
Tags: DIY decorations, new year's eve party design, nye decorating, paper decorations, paper ornaments


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Black media now seeks inclusion in tobacco settlement
News Analysis
By George E. Curry
Contributing Writer
The National Association of Newspaper Publishers (NNPA) and the National Association of Black Owned Broadcasters (NABOB), two industry trade associations whose members reach more than 95 percent of African Americans, filed a friend-of-the-court brief objecting to the exclusion of all Black media companies in a proposed settlement that requires the tobacco industry to run ads and TV commercials to correct their misleading assertions about the harmful effects of smoking. The amicus brief was filed last Friday in federal court in Washington, D.C. U.S. District Court Judge Gladys Kessler is expected to review the proposed agreement Wednesday and consider the merits of the brief filed by NNPA and NABOB. An agreement was reached January 9 between the U.S. Justice Department, the Tobacco-Free Kids Action Fund, and the four major tobacco manufacturers — Altria, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco, Lorillard and Philip Morris USA — on what "corrective statements" the tobacco industry should be forced to make in "corrective statements." These ads would address the falsehoods the manufacturers have disseminated about the harmful effects of smoking, the addictiveness of smoking, the dangers of second-hand smoke, and claims that low-tar and light cigarettes are healthier than regular cigarettes. The Justice Department sued the tobacco companies in 1999, charging that they violated the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO). Judge Kessler found them guilty in 2006. Continue Reading →


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LOUDOUN COUNTY, Va. (WUSA) - A Maryland woman died early Thursday from injuries she sustained in a two vehicle crash on Christmas Day, according to Loudoun County police.
Annalee S. Marshall, 20, of Adamstown, Md. died after being airlifted to Inova Fairfax Hospital for injuries suffered when her car ran off the road and overcorrected, then crossed into southbound lanes of Rte 15, at about 12:43 p.m. on Dec. 25.
Her 1997 Honda Civic struck a southbound 2005 Acura driving by Todd Willman of Chambersburg, Pa.
The crash remains under investigation.


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Every year since 2007, the Jaeger-LeCoultre Swiss Manufacture has published its Yearbook, a large-format book that draws inspiration from the latest activities of the prestigious watchmakers from the Vallée de Joux in order to provide access to broader cultural and artistic horizons. This is a book in which fine photography, images and language all come together to create a sumptuous work of art.
Swiss watchmaker Jaeger-LeCoultre celebrates its 180th anniversary this year with a special edition that pays tribute to the greatest inventions that have revolutionised our lives in areas as diverse as transport, communications and science, among others. In this work, the Swiss Manufacture unveils the most emblematic inventions of its history. As usual, the central feature is devoted to the year's flagship timepieces: in this case the Hybris Mechanica collection. The publication also boasts a magnificent feature on women's watches.
Take advantage of a special offer when ordering your Jaeger-LeCoultre publications up to 10 January 2014: by indicating the special promotional code YB2014, you will get a free shipping for your chosen item.
Click on the e-library to discover Yearbook SEVEN, available in French and in English, together with the other volumes produced by Jaeger-LeCoultre.


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Vince Pelosi
this wiki
Vince Pelosi is a character in the Grand Theft Auto series who appears as a supporting character and the quaternary antagonist of The Ballad of Gay Tony. Vince was an Ancelotti enforcer who often worked with his nephew Rocco Pelosi.
Vince Pelosi was voiced by John Tormey, who bears a very close resemblance to his character.
Vince and his nephew, Rocco, joined the Ancelottis, and soon became enfocers for the family. Rocco later became a made man, though Vince's status in the family is unknown.
The two also got a task to collect money from Tony Prince, who was in debt to Don Ancelotti. The two developed a deep haterd to Tony.
Events of The Ballad of Gay Tony
Meeting Luis
- "Yeah and guess what, we ain't here for Gracie."
- ―Vince saying that he is there for Tony and not for Gracie.
After a bank heist, Vince and Rocco arrive at Tony's apartment in order to collect money from Tony. The two enter Tony's apartment and meet Luis Fernando Lopez, Tony's bodyguard, for the first time. After a few racial comments and insults to Luis, Vince and Rocco take the money and leave the apartment, laughing at Luis and Tony.
Vince and Rocco are later seen briefly at the Maisonette 9 club. The two talk to some girls.
- "Fucking pop him already."
- ―Vince last words.
After the kidnapping and release of Gracie, Rocco tells to Luis to meet him and Vince at the underground restrooms of Middle Park. There, Vince and Rocco tell Luis that Giovanni is angry at Luis and Tony, and wants one of them dead, while the other will work for them. As they prefer to work with Luis at the future, Rocco and Vince order him to kill Tony.
Vince and Rocco leave for the club, and Luis leaves soon afterwards. The three confront Tony, and Luis says that he's sorry. Rocco gives Vince's Pistol .44 to Luis and tells him to kill Tony. Luis, however, shoots Vince in the head and kills him. Rocco is spared due to his "Made Man" status.
Similar to his nephew, Vince showed racial and homophobic trends. He seems to be rude and aggressive towards people he disrespects, such as Tony Prince and Luis Fernando Lopez, and often insults them.
Mission appearances
- The Ballad of Gay Tony
- I Luv LC
- Boulevard Baby
- Party's Over (Killed)
- It is likely his last name is Pelosi (or posibly Ancelotti), as he is Rocco Pelosi's uncle.
- Vince may be a subtle throwback to Grand Theft Auto III character Ray Machowski, bearing a slight physical similarity, as well as sharing the same meeting place. (Ray gives out missions from the underground restrooms in Belleville Park, the GTA III version of Central Park, whereas Vince is met alongside Rocco in Middle Park, GTA IV's version of Central Park, also in the underground restrooms).


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Gullah Geechee Ring Shouters Perform on July 21, 2010
June 25, 2010 by Teresa Jacobson
What? What is a ring shouter? Well, I certainly didn't know before I read the newspaper article in the Savannah Morning News but as I write this blog I am listening to a recording of "Run Old Jeremiah" sung by Joe Washington Brown and Austin Coleman in Jennings, Louisiana, in 1934. The words of the "shout" are written just below the recording which helps make sense of the roles each Shouter plays. The leader is the "Songster" who begins the song, and next to him is the "basser" whose job it is to call back the lines of the song. Next to the leader is the "stick man" who beats a rhythm with a wooden stick or broom and the basser adds rhythm with hand clapping or foot tapping. The women shouters move in a counterclockwise direction shuffling their feet while singing. Pantomime may also be a part of the ring shout to help convey the story of the song, like rocking a baby.
The congregation of the Mount Calvary Baptist Church in the tiny community in Bolden is known as the keepers of ring shout, a spiritual dance-like practice rooted in the African slave tradition. The practice was first described during the Civil War by outside observers in coastal communities of Georgia and South Carolina and was largely thought to have died out until its rediscovery in the early 1980's. These shout songs have been passed down from their slave ancestors generation to generation largely intact. The church has a performing group, the McIntosh County Shouters that performs anywhere they are asked to, and recently received a $3000 grant from the Plum Creek Foundation to continue performing the ring shout in area schools.
Join the McIntosh County Shouters at 6 p.m. on July 21 at the Second African Baptist Church, 123 Houston Street. The group hopes to raise money for a trip to perform in Washington, DC at the Kennedy Center on December 1 and at the Lincoln Center on December 2. I hope to see you there!


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I have an ellipse centered at $(h,k)$, with semi-major axis $r_x$, semi-minor axis $r_y$, both aligned with the Cartesian plane.
How do I determine if a point $(x,y)$ is within the area bounded by the ellipse?
I have an ellipse centered at $(h,k)$, with semi-major axis $r_x$, semi-minor axis $r_y$, both aligned with the Cartesian plane.
How do I determine if a point $(x,y)$ is within the area bounded by the ellipse?
The region (disk) bounded by the ellipse is given by the equation: $$ \frac{(x-h)^2}{r_x^2} + \frac{(y-k)^2}{r_y^2} \leq 1. \tag{1} $$ So given a test point $(x,y)$, plug it in $(1)$. If the inequality is satisfied, then it is inside the ellipse; otherwise it is outside the ellipse. Moreover, the point is on the boundary of the region (i.e., on the ellipse) if and only if the inequality is satisfied tightly (i.e., the left hand side evaluates to $1$).
Another way uses the definition of the ellipse as the points whose sum of distances to the foci is constant.
Get the foci at $(h+f, k)$ and $(h-f, k)$, where $f = \sqrt{r_x^2 - r_y^2}$.
The sum of the distances (by looking at the lines from $(h, k+r_y)$ to the foci) is $2\sqrt{f^2 + r_y^2} = 2 r_x $.
So, for any point $(x, y)$, compute $\sqrt{(x-(h+f))^2 + (y-k)^2} + \sqrt{(x-(h-f))^2 + (y-k)^2} $ and compare this with $2 r_x$.
This takes more work, but I like using the geometric definition.
Also, for both methods, if speed is important (i.e., you are doing this for many points), you can immediately reject any point $(x, y)$ for which $|x-h| > r_x$ or $|y-k| > r_y$.
I have another solution. In summary, transform everything so you can test whether a point is within a circle centered at (0,0). Since the ellipse is oriented orthogonally to the Cartesian plane, we can simply scale one of the dimensions by the quotient of the two axes.
First subtract (h,k) from both points.
(h,k) becomes (0,0). (x,y) becomes (x-h,y-k).
Now we scale the second coordinate, normalizing it to the first.
Scaling (x-h,y-k) we get $$ (x-h,(y-k) * \frac{r_x}{r_y}) $$
Now we simply need to test if $$ |(x-h,(y-k) * \frac{r_x}{r_y})| <= r_x $$


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Get the most out of your virtualized data center, despite configuration options and demanding workloads. Foglight for Virtualization, Free Edition helps you easily assess virtual machine (VM) performance and health, as well as monitor capacity. This virtualization freeware suite is comprised of six utilities that provide virtualization administrators with 360-degree visibility into heterogeneous virtualized environments. Simplify performance analysis on VMWare, Hyper-V, and Red Hat virtualization platforms and get insight into optimized VM Performance, orphaned snapshots, storage latency, memory limits, VM sizing and impact of infrastructure changes.
- Integrated free tool suite
- Get six valuable utilities for monitoring your virtual environment for free — all in one easy download, install and GUI. Foglight for Virtualization, Free Edition combines these free utilities into one suite:
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- Access an environment-wide, cross-hypervisor visualization of the status of your infrastructure. The vScope Explorer utility immediately identifies VMs, hosts, and datastores that are experiencing issues with performance, capacity, and efficiency. Two different views are provided in the form of heat maps, one from a VM-focused perspective, and one from a host-focused perspective.
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- See the top 10 objects for performance and capacity details of the datastores and virtual machines in the environment within the last 24 hours. The Storage Explorer utility displays datastore and VM issues such as low capacity, high latency, and low available disk space. Easy-to-read, color indicators highlight potential issues — red indicates serious capacity or performance problems, while yellow indicates a less severe or imminent issue.
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- Get a comprehensive list of VM snapshot files. The Snapshot Explorer utility outlines snapshot age, size, and a count of the snapshots that can be found on a specific VM. You can filter snapshots by age, size, count, VM name or utilize multiple filters, such as greater than 14 days and greater than 10 GB. This insight allows you to determine which snapshots to remove and helps you free up resources.
- Comprehensive change tracking and audit trails
- Track changes that occurred to datacenters, clusters, resource pools, hosts, virtual machines, and datastores within the previous seven days with the Change Explorer utility. Easily view the potential risk of performance impact, the time of the change, the object on which the change occurred, before and after values, the user who made the change, and the full path to the changed object.
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- Heterogeneous virtual environments (summary view)
- Performance
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- Capacity
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- Advanced search functionality
- Enable an environment-wide, cross-hypervisor search tool for your virtual infrastructure. With the SearchMyVM Explorer utility, you can search through your virtual machines, resource pools, hosts, or clusters. Easily find all objects of the selected type (Virtual machine, Host, Cluster, or Resource pool) that contain the case insensitive characters entered in the search box or create a more complex search query that contains multiple rules.
The following are required to install Foglight for Virtualization, Free Edition:
- 2 vCPUs
- 4 GB of memory
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- VMware ESX 3.0 or vCenter 2.5 or higher
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- Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager 3.0 or higher
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- The Citrix Super Admin ― How to Simplify Your Work with X-ray Vision
- Top 10 Ways that Foglight for Virtualization, Free Edition Can Help You
- vCPU Sizing Considerations
- VM Memory (vRAM) Sizing Considerations
- White Paper: The Top Six Tips for Configuring vSphere Resource Pools
On-Demand Webcasts
- Webcast: The Citrix Super Admin ― How to Simplify Your Work with X-ray Vision
- Five Things Every VM Admin Needs to Know about Their Environment
- Overview of Foglight for Storage Management
- Driving Operational Excellence: Delivering Service Assurance in your Virtual Environment
- Top 10 Virtualization Automation Tips for Infrastructure and Operations Administrators
- Good to great: Top Nine Virtualization Optimization Tips and Tricks
- Virtualization in 2013: Realize the OpEx Cost Savings of Virtualization Technology
- Top 9 Storage Concepts Every Virtualization Administrator Should Understand
- On Demand Webcast: Top Seven Principles VM Admins Should Know about Networking


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Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Topic Overview
Is this topic for you?
This topic is about spinal stenosis of the lower back, also known as the lumbar area. If you need information on spinal stenosis of the neck, see the topic Cervical Spinal Stenosis.
What is lumbar spinal stenosis?
Lumbar spinal stenosis is a narrowing of the spinal canal in the lower back, known as the lumbar area.
This usually happens when bone or tissue—or both—grow in the openings in the spinal bones. This growth can squeeze and irritate nerves that branch out from the spinal cord.
The result can be pain, numbness, or weakness, most often in the legs, feet, and buttocks.
What causes lumbar spinal stenosis?
It's most often caused by changes that can happen as people age. For example:
- Connective tissues called ligaments get thicker.
- Arthritis leads to the growth of bony spurs that push on the nerves that branch out from the spinal cord.
- Discs between the bones may be pushed backward into the spinal canal.
What are the symptoms?
Symptoms may include:
- Numbness, weakness, cramping, or pain in the legs, feet, or buttocks. These symptoms get worse when you walk, stand straight, or lean backward. The pain gets better when you sit down or lean forward.
- Stiffness in the legs and thighs.
- Low back pain.
- In severe cases, loss of bladder and bowel control.
Symptoms may be severe at times and not as bad at other times. Most people aren't severely disabled. In fact, many people don't have symptoms at all.
How is lumbar spinal stenosis diagnosed?
Your doctor can tell if you have it by asking questions about your symptoms and past health and by doing a physical exam.
You will probably need imaging tests such as an MRI, a CT scan, and sometimes X-rays.
How is it treated?
You can most likely control mild to moderate symptoms with pain medicines, exercise, and physical therapy. Your doctor may also give you a spinal shot of corticosteroid, a medicine that reduces inflammation.
You may need surgery if your symptoms get worse or if they limit what you can do. Surgery to remove bone and tissue that are squeezing the nerve roots can help relieve leg pain and allow you to get back to normal activity. But it may not help back pain as much.
Frequently Asked Questions
Learning about lumbar spinal stenosis:
Being diagnosed:
Getting treatment:
Ongoing concerns:
Living with lumbar spinal stenosis:
Health Tools
Health Tools help you make wise health decisions or take action to improve your health.
|Decision Points focus on key medical care decisions that are important to many health problems.
|Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Should I Have Surgery?
The most common cause of lumbar spinal stenosis is changes in the spine that can happen as you get older.
These changes include thickening of soft tissues, development of bony spurs, and gradual breakdown of spinal discs and joints. Any of these conditions can narrow the spinal canal.
Spinal stenosis usually happens gradually. Symptoms may start when the changes begin to squeeze the spinal cord or its nerve roots.
These age-related changes often happen when you have certain disorders:
- Arthritis of the spine wears away joint cartilage and causes bony growths (spurs).
- Certain bone diseases, such as Paget's disease and ankylosing spondylitis, may soften the spinal bones or cause too much bone to grow.
Also, other conditions may cause spinal stenosis, such as:
- An abnormally narrow spinal canal, which can be an inherited condition.
- Spondylolysis , which is a defect or fracture on one or both of the wing-shaped parts of a vertebra. A vertebra may slide forward or backward over the bone below and may squeeze the spinal cord or a nerve root.
- Spinal fracture.
- Cancer.
- Fibrosis, which is excess, ropy tissue much like scar tissue. It can come from having spine surgery in the past.
Many people, especially those older than age 50, have some narrowing of the spinal canal but don't have symptoms.
Symptoms occur when the nerve roots get squeezed.
Leg pain
The most common symptom is leg pain that happens when you walk or stand and feels better when you sit. You feel pain in your legs, because the nerve roots that pass through the lower spine extend to the legs.
People often have leg pain when the spine is extended—when they are standing straight or leaning backward, for example.
And they often feel better when the spine is flexed—when they are sitting, walking uphill, riding a bicycle, or leaning over a grocery cart, for example.
People with severe stenosis may have a habit of leaning forward in a stooped position to relieve pain.
Other symptoms
Other symptoms may include:
- Numbness, weakness, and cramping in the legs, feet, or buttocks.
- Stiffness in the legs and thighs.
- Low back pain.
- In severe cases, loss of bladder and bowel control.
Several other conditions have symptoms similar to spinal stenosis.
What Happens
Lumbar spinal stenosis usually starts gradually and gets worse over a long period of time. Narrowing of the spinal canal can squeeze and irritate the nerve roots that branch out from the spinal cord. This is what causes pain and other symptoms.
Stenosis occurs most often in the lower back (lumbar) area. When it occurs in the neck, it is called cervical spinal stenosis.
The course of spinal stenosis varies—it may stay the same, get better, or get worse.
Severe disability isn't common. But when symptoms are very bad, they can keep you from doing your normal daily activities. They can have a big effect your quality of life. If symptoms are still severe after you have tried other treatment for a while, surgery may be considered.
Surgery may be too risky for some older adults who have other serious health problems.
What Increases Your Risk
The risk of having lumbar spinal stenosis increases if you:
- Are older than age 50.
- Have a history of spinal injury.
- Have arthritis of the spine, which can damage the joints.
- Have a bone disease that may soften the spinal bones or cause calcium deposits to form. Examples include:
- Are born with spondylolysis.
- Have an abnormally narrow spinal canal, which may be inherited or may develop in curvature of the spine (scoliosis).
- Have a genetic (inherited) disorder in which the bones of the arms and legs don't grow to normal size and the vertebrae of the spine don't grow normally (achondroplastic dwarfism).
- Have had lower back surgery, which may cause scarring that puts pressure on the spinal nerves. Progressive spinal stenosis may occur, even after successful back surgery.
When To Call a Doctor
Call 911 or other emergency services immediately if a person has signs of damage to the spine after an injury (such as a car accident, fall, or direct blow to the spine). Signs may include severe back pain, or weakness, tingling, or numbness in one or both legs.
Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if:
- Leg pain is accompanied by persistent weakness, tingling, or numbness in any part of the leg from the buttock to the ankle or foot.
- Low back pain is accompanied by vomiting, fever, or both.
- Leg pain, weakness, numbness that comes and goes (intermittent), or tingling lasts longer than 1 week even though you use home treatment.
- You lose control of your bladder or bowels.
- Significant back pain either does not improve or gets worse over 2 weeks.
Watchful waiting
Lumbar spinal stenosis usually gets worse gradually over months to years. If you have symptoms that come on suddenly, you may have another serious condition and should call your doctor.
If you begin to regularly have leg pain when walking and standing, call your doctor.
Who to see
The following health professionals can diagnose and treat spinal stenosis:
- Family medicine physician
- Internist
- Nurse practitioner
- Physician assistant
- Emergency medicine (ER) doctor
Specialists who can treat spinal stenosis include the following:
- Orthopedist/orthopedic surgeon , including surgeons who specialize in the spine
- Neurologist or neurosurgeon
- Rheumatologist
- Physiatrist
- Physical therapist
To prepare for your appointment, see the topic Making the Most of Your Appointment.
Exams and Tests
Lumbar spinal stenosis can usually be diagnosed based on your history of symptoms, a physical exam, and imaging tests—tests that produce various kinds of pictures of your body. These tests include:
- MRI, to check your spinal nerves and look for disc problems.
- CT scan, to check your bones and joints.
- X-rays, to measure the extent of arthritis or injuries to the vertebrae.
- Bone scan, to rule out cancer and other bone diseases.
- Electromyogram and nerve conduction tests to see if other problems may be causing or adding to your symptoms.
- Myelogram, to look for narrowing of the spinal canal or abnormalities of the nerves branching off the canal. This is rarely used to diagnose spinal stenosis.
Your doctor may try nonsurgical treatment, such as pain-relieving medicines, exercise, and physical therapy, for a period of time before ordering imaging tests. If treatment works, you may not need tests.
Imaging tests can help confirm a diagnosis or rule out other problems. But even if imaging shows spinal stenosis, your symptoms may not match the results of the tests. So treatment is based on what your symptoms are and how much spinal stenosis is impacting your life, not just on the results of imaging tests.
Treatment Overview
The goals of treatment for spinal stenosis are to relieve pain, numbness, and weakness in the legs, to make it easier for you to move around, and to improve your quality of life.
Treatments include:
- Home treatment, such as exercising, using over-the-counter pain medicines, and losing extra weight.
- Prescription medicines to relieve pain.
- Physical therapy, to provide education, instruction, and support for your self-care.
- Surgery, although most cases don't need this treatment.
You can't always prevent changes in your back that may come with aging. But you may be able to limit spinal stenosis symptoms by keeping your back as healthy as possible:
- Get regular exercise, including flexibility stretches.
- Stay at a healthy weight.
- Have good posture.
- Don't smoke. Smoking has been linked to back pain and disc problems. It decreases your bone density and increases your risk of fracture and bone deterioration. Also, smoking can make it harder for the bone to heal after a spinal fusion.
Home Treatment
You can take steps to treat lumbar spinal stenosis symptoms at home:
- Learn about stenosis and about how to relieve symptoms.
- Taking medicines, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or acetaminophen, to relieve pain.
- Lose extra weight, which not only can relieve symptoms but also can slow progression of the stenosis.
- Exercise. Aerobic exercise as well as stretching and strengthening exercises for the lower back and stomach muscles can relieve symptoms and improve muscle strength, especially when done 4 or 5 times a week. The most helpful aerobic exercises include riding a stationary bike (with the spine flexed in a forward position) and walking on a treadmill with an incline.
- Restrict activities that make your symptoms worse. Depending on the severity and location of your stenosis, these activities might include walking (especially walking downhill) and standing for a length of time.
Be sure to talk with your doctor before you start home treatment.
Prevent falls
Pain and numbness in your legs can increase your risk of losing your balance. Falling can make symptoms worse. Take steps to lower your risk of falling:
- Limit your use of alcohol and sedative medicines, including flurazepam (Dalmane) and diazepam (such as Valium). They cause drowsiness and dizziness.
- Remove household hazards: slippery floors, poor lighting, electrical cords, cluttered walkways, and throw rugs.
- Take medicines only as directed by your doctor. Review medicines regularly with your primary care doctor, especially if you have more than one doctor prescribing them. Medicines like sleeping pills and pain relievers may increase your risk for falling.
- Wear low-heeled shoes that fit well.
Taking medicine along with other nonsurgical treatment is often enough to relieve pain and allow you to do normal daily activities.
Medicine choices
Medicines used to relieve the symptoms of spinal stenosis include:
- Acetaminophen, which may relieve pain but doesn't reduce inflammation.
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as naproxen and ibuprofen. They may relieve pain and reduce inflammation.
- Opiate pain relievers, to relieve severe pain that does not respond to other medicines. Opiates are usually used only for short periods of time, to help avoid side effects.
- Epidural steroid injections (ESIs). These are sometimes tried to help leg pain by reducing inflammation in the nerve root.
Surgery is done to relieve pressure on the nerve roots. This can help reduce pain, numbness, and weakness in your legs.
Surgery may be recommended if:
- Your pain, numbness, or weakness is so bad that it gets in the way of normal daily activities and hurts your quality of life.
- You are in otherwise good health.
The goal of surgery is to relieve pain, numbness, or weakness in the legs—not to relieve back pain. People who have surgery only for back pain are less satisfied with the results than are those who have surgery for nerve root symptoms and pain in both the back and legs. Also, numbness, weakness, and pain may return after surgery.
Surgery choices
- Decompressive laminectomy, which relieves pressure on the spinal nerve roots. This surgery may be done with or without spinal fusion.
Other Treatment
Physical therapy is an important treatment for spinal stenosis. It can help with pain and build muscle strength.
Your physical therapist may teach you exercises to strengthen your abdominal (belly) muscles, which will help support your spine. You may also learn exercises to help maintain flexibility and reduce inflammation.
Alternative and complementary medicine therapies, such as acupuncture, are used by some people to relieve pain from spinal stenosis.
Other Places To Get Help
|North American Spine Society
|7075 Veterans Boulevard
|Burr Ridge, IL 60527
|(630) 230-3600
|(630) 230-3700
|Web Address:
The North American Spine Society (NASS) promotes education, research, and advocacy for spine care. This group's patient education website (www.KnowYourBack.org) has information on the cause, treatment, and prevention of neck and back problems. It has references and brochures to help patients make health decisions. NASS members are spine care professionals such as orthopedic surgeons, neurosurgeons, neurologists, physiatrists, physical therapists, and researchers.
|c/o Radiological Society of North America, Inc.
|820 Jorie Boulevard Oak Brook, IL 60523-2251
|(630) 571-2670
|(630) 571-7837
|Web Address:
RadiologyInfo is a joint project of the American College of Radiology and the Radiological Society of North America. The website is designed to answer consumer questions about radiology procedures and therapies. RadiologyInfo has information on X-ray, CT scan, MRI, ultrasound, and other procedures. The information includes how they are used for diagnosis and treatment, how to prepare for the procedures, and what a patient may experience.
|American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS)
|6300 North River Road
|Rosemont, IL 60018-4262
|(847) 823-7186
|(847) 823-8125
|Web Address:
The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) provides information and education to raise the public's awareness of musculoskeletal conditions, with an emphasis on preventive measures. The AAOS website contains information on orthopedic conditions and treatments, injury prevention, and wellness and exercise.
|American College of Rheumatology
|2200 Lake Boulevard NE
|Atlanta, GA 30319
|(404) 633-3777
|(404) 633-1870
|Web Address:
The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and the Association of Rheumatology Health Professionals (ARHP, a division of ACR) are professional organizations of rheumatologists and associated health professionals who are dedicated to healing, preventing disability from, and curing the many types of arthritis and related disabling and sometimes fatal disorders of the joints, muscles, and bones. Members of the ACR are physicians; members of the ARHP include research scientists, nurses, physical and occupational therapists, psychologists, and social workers. Both the ACR and the ARHP provide professional education for their members.
The ACR website offers patient information fact sheets about rheumatic diseases, about medicines used to treat rheumatic diseases, and about care professionals.
|Arthritis Foundation
|P.O. Box 7669
|Atlanta, GA 30357
|Web Address:
The Arthritis Foundation provides grants to help find a cure, prevention methods, and better treatment options for arthritis. It also provides a large number of community-based services nationwide to make living with arthritis easier, including self-help courses; water- and land-based exercise classes; support groups; home study groups; instructional videotapes; public forums; free educational brochures and booklets; the national, bimonthly consumer magazine Arthritis Today; and continuing education courses and publications for health professionals.
|National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health
|1 AMS Circle
|Bethesda, MD 20892-3675
|1-877-22-NIAMS (1-877-226-4267) toll-free
|(301) 495-4484
|(301) 718-6366
|(301) 565-2966
|Web Address:
The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) is a governmental institute that serves the public and health professionals by providing information, locating other information sources, and participating in a national federal database of health information. NIAMS supports research into the causes, treatment, and prevention of arthritis and musculoskeletal and skin diseases and supports the training of scientists to carry out this research.
The NIAMS website provides health information referrals to the NIAMS Clearinghouse, which has information packages about diseases.
Related Information
Other Works Consulted
- American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and American Academy of Pediatrics. (2010). Lumbar spinal stenosis. In JF Sarwark, ed., Essentials of Musculoskeletal Care, 4th ed., pp. 957–960. Rosemont, IL: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.
- Atlas SJ, et al. (2005). Long-term outcomes of surgical and nonsurgical management of sciatica secondary to a lumbar disc herniation: 10-year results from the Maine Lumbar Spine Study. Spine, 30(8): 927–935.
- Chou R, et al. (2009). Interventional therapies, surgery and interdisciplinary rehabilitation for low back pain: An evidence-based clinical practice guideline from the American Pain Society. Spine, 34(10): 1066–1077.
- Djurasovic M, et al. (2010). Contemporary management of symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis. Orthopedic Clinics of North America, 41(2): 183–191.
- Hu SS, et al. (2006). Stenosis of the lumbar spine section of Disorders, diseases, and injuries of the spine. In HB Skinner, ed., Current Diagnosis and Treatment in Orthopedics, 4th ed., pp. 249–252. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Isaac Z, Wang D (2008). Lumbar spinal stenosis. In WR Frontera et al., eds., Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2nd ed., pp. 259–265. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier.
- Mercier LR (2008). Lumbar spine stenosis section of The back. In Practical Orthopedics, 6th ed., pp. 152–153. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier.
- Resnick D, et al. (2005). Guidelines for the performance of fusion procedures for degenerative disease of the lumbar spine—Part 9: Fusion in patients with stenosis and spondylolisthesis. Journal of Neurosurgery, 2: 679–685.
- Resnick DK, et al. (2005). Guidelines for the performance of fusion procedures for degenerative disease of the lumbar spine—Part 10: Fusion following decompression in patients with stenosis without spondylolisthesis. Journal of Neurosurgery, 2(6): 686–691.
- Weinstein JN, et al. (2007). Surgical versus nonsurgical treatment for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis. New England Journal of Medicine, 356(22): 2257–2270.
|Healthwise Staff
|Primary Medical Reviewer
|William H. Blahd, Jr., MD, FACEP - Emergency Medicine
|Specialist Medical Reviewer
|Robert B. Keller, MD - Orthopedics
|Last Revised
|February 13, 2012
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Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review: William H. Blahd, Jr., MD, FACEP - Emergency Medicine & Robert B. Keller, MD - Orthopedics
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text:
Mammals are warm-blooded vertebrates which, with the exception of a few notable species, nurse their young on milk produced by the female's mammary glands, give birth to live young, and have bodies insulated by hair. Around one in four of the world's mammals are currently threatened with extinction.
Search results for mammals
Woodland jumping mouse (Napaeozapus insignis)
The only species in its genus , the woodland jumping mouse (Napaeozapus insignis) is a small rodent…
Woodlark cuscus (Phalanger lullulae)
Information on the woodlark cuscus is currently being researched and written and will appear here…
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Wroughton's free-tailed bat (Otomops wroughtoni)
Wroughton's free-tailed bat was considered to be one of the 15 most endangered bat species ; however…
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The yellow-backed duiker is the largest of all duikers; a group of animals which get their name from…
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Information on the yellow-bellied glider is being researched and written and will appear here…
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The yellow-breasted capuchin is a fairly small monkey with reddish-brown fur, except for the sharply…
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Although generally larger in size, the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) is very similar in…
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38 U.S. Code § 5317 - Use of income information from other agencies: notice and verification
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(a) The Secretary shall notify each applicant for a benefit or service described in subsection (c) of this section that income information furnished by the applicant to the Secretary may be compared with information obtained by the Secretary from the Commissioner of Social Security or the Secretary of the Treasury under section 6103(l)(7)(D)(viii) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. The Secretary shall periodically transmit to recipients of such benefits and services additional notifications of such matters.
(b) The Secretary may not, by reason of information obtained from the Commissioner of Social Security or the Secretary of the Treasury under section 6103(l)(7)(D)(viii) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, terminate, deny, suspend, or reduce any benefit or service described in subsection (c) of this section until the Secretary takes appropriate steps to verify independently information relating to the following:
(2) Whether such individual actually has (or had) access to such asset or income for the individual's own use.
(c) The benefits and services described in this subsection are the following:
(1) Needs-based pension benefits provided under chapter 15 of this title or under any other law administered by the Secretary.
(2) Parents' dependency and indemnity compensation provided under section 1315 of this title.
(3) Health-care services furnished under subsections (a)(2)(G), (a)(3), and (b) ofsection 1710 of this title.
(4) Compensation paid under chapter 11 of this title at the 100 percent rate based solely on unemployability and without regard to the fact that the disability or disabilities are not rated as 100 percent disabling under the rating schedule.
(d) In the case of compensation described in subsection (c)(4) of this section, the Secretary may independently verify or otherwise act upon wage or self-employment information referred to in subsection (b) of this section only if the Secretary finds that the amount and duration of the earnings reported in that information clearly indicate that the individual may no longer be qualified for a rating of total disability.
(e) The Secretary shall inform the individual of the findings made by the Secretary on the basis of verified information under subsection (b) of this section, and shall give the individual an opportunity to contest such findings, in the same manner as applies to other information and findings relating to eligibility for the benefit or service involved.
(f) The Secretary shall pay the expenses of carrying out this section from amounts available to the Department for the payment of compensation and pension.
Source(Added Pub. L. 101–508, title VIII, § 8051(b)(1),Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–350, § 3117; renumbered § 5317,Pub. L. 102–40, title IV, § 402(b)(1),May 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 238; amended Pub. L. 102–83, § 5(c)(1),Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406; Pub. L. 102–568, title VI, § 602(a),Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4342; Pub. L. 103–66, title XII, § 12004,Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 414; Pub. L. 104–262, title I, § 101(e)(3),Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3181; Pub. L. 105–33, title VIII, § 8014,Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 664; Pub. L. 106–419, title IV, § 402(d),Nov. 1, 2000, 114 Stat. 1863; Pub. L. 108–183, title VII, § 708(c)(3),Dec. 16, 2003, 117 Stat. 2674; Pub. L. 110–389, title VIII, § 802,Oct. 10, 2008, 122 Stat. 4185; Pub. L. 112–37, § 16,Oct. 5, 2011, 125 Stat. 398; Pub. L. 112–56, title II, § 264,Nov. 21, 2011, 125 Stat. 732.)
References in Text
Section 6103(l)(7)(D)(viii) of the Internal Revenue Code, referred to in subsecs. (a), (b), and (g), is classified to section 6103 (l)(7)(D)(viii) of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.
2011—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 112–56, which directed substitution of "September 30, 2016" for "September 30, 2011", was executed by making the substitution for "November 18, 2011" to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the amendment by Pub. L. 112–37. See below.
Pub. L. 112–37substituted "November 18, 2011" for "September 30, 2011".
2008—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 110–389substituted "September 30, 2011" for "September 30, 2008".
2003—Subsecs. (a), (b), (g). Pub. L. 108–183substituted "Commissioner of Social Security" for "Secretary of Health and Human Services".
2000—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 106–419substituted "September 30, 2008" for "September 30, 2002".
1997—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–33substituted "September 30, 2002" for "September 30, 1998".
1996—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 104–262substituted "subsections (a)(2)(G), (a)(3), and (b) ofsection 1710" for "sections 1710 (a)(1)(I), 1710 (a)(2), 1710 (b), and 1712 (a)(2)(B)".
1993—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 103–66substituted "1998" for "1997".
1992—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 102–568substituted "1997" for "1992".
1991—Pub. L. 102–40renumbered section 3117 of this title as this section.
Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 102–83substituted "1315" for "415".
Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 102–83substituted "1710(a)(1)(I)", "1710(a)(2)", "1710(b)", and "1712(a)(2)(B)" for "610(a)(1)(I)", "610(a)(2)", "610(b)", and "612(a)(2)(B)", respectively.
Notification Prior to Use of Income Information From Other Federal Agencies
Pub. L. 101–508, title VIII, § 8051(c),Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–351, provided that:
"(1) The Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall notify individuals who (as of the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 1990]) are applicants for or recipients of the benefits described in subsection (c) (other than paragraph (3)) of section 3117 [now 5317] of title 38, United States Code (as added by subsection (b)), that income information furnished to the Secretary by such applicants and recipients may be compared with information obtained by the Secretary from the Secretary of Health and Human Services or the Secretary of the Treasury under clause (viii) of section 6103(l)(7)(D) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 6103 (l)(7)(D)] (as added by subsection (a)).
"(2) Notification under paragraph (1) shall be made not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.
"(3) The Secretary of Veterans Affairs may not obtain information from the Secretary of Health and Human Services or the Secretary of the Treasury under section 6103(l)(7)(D)(viii) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by subsection (a)) until notification under paragraph (1) is made."
Study by Comptroller General on Effectiveness of Amendments by Pub. L. 101–508
Pub. L. 101–508, title VIII, § 8051(d),Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–351, provided that: "The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study of the effectiveness of the amendments made by this section [enacting this section] and shall submit a report on such study to the Committees on Veterans' Affairs and Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committees on Veterans' Affairs and Finance of the Senate not later than January 1, 1992."
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


text:
Home » Projects » Craft Painting » Project Type
Alice in Wonderland Birdhouse MobileItem# 32975Join Alice in the garden with this charming birdhouse mobile crafted with Patio Paint™.
Step 1 Trace and transfer all designs on both sides of wooden squares.
Step 2 Paint as follows:
· Cat: Use #3 round brush and Fuchsia to paint head, nose, ears, and stripes; mouth, body, and inside ears, Carnation Pink; eyes, Fiesta Yellow; teeth, Cloud White; and background and outlining, Wrought Iron Black.
· Clock: Background, Blue Bahama; clock face and rings, Sunflower Yellow; accents and chain, Fiesta Yellow; center, Cloud White; and arm/hands, Holly Berry Red. Outline all with Wrought Iron Black.
· Cards: Use#6 shader brush and Cloud White to paint both sides. Use #3 round brush and Wrought Iron Black for spades, edges,and numbers. Paint hearts, edges, and ace Holly Berry Red. Outline in Pot-O'-Gold.
· Teacup: Paint background Sweet Pea; cup and plate, Blue Bahama; and inside cup, polka dots, and plate rim, Petunia Purple. Outline in Wrought Iron Black.
· Hat: Paint background Fuchsia; hat, Sweet Pea; ribbon and underneath, Mistletoe Green;and paper, Sunflower Yellow. Outline in Wrought Iron Black.
· Door: Paint door Sprout Green; over door, Dark Eucalyptus Green; hinges, nose, and hair, Sunflower Yellow; remainder of face, Pot-O'-Gold; eyes, Fiesta Yellow; and handle, Holly Berry Red. Outline in Wrought Iron Black.
· Caterpillar: Background Petunia Purple; leaf, Carnation Pink with Fuchsia polka dots; face and belly, Blue Bahama; and remainder of body, Summer Sky Blue.
Step 3 Use #6 shader brush to paint birdhouse front side Dark Eucalyptus Green; base, Holly Berry Red; roof and back side, Blue Bahama; and perch, Fiesta Yellow.
Step 4 Tear pages from book, carefully separating picture from cardboard. Use scissors to cut each page to fit birdhouse sides.
Step 5 Working one side at a time, use #6 shader brush to apply decoupage. Dip paper image in water. Position and smooth outwith fingers or brush. Apply more decoupage over image, smoothing from center to edges. Repeat on all four sides.
DecoArt® Patio Paint™ – Summer Sky Blue, Pot-O'-Gold, Sprout Green, Cloud White, Sunflower Yellow, Wrought Iron Black, Dark Eucalyptus Green, Fiesta Yellow, Petunia Purple, Carnation Pink, Fuchsia, Holly Berry Red, Mistletoe Green, Sweet Pea and Blue Bahama
DecoArt® Americana® Decoupage Glue, Matte
Wooden Birdhouse, Mini
Paintbrush – #3 Round and #6 Shader
Water Container
Palette (or Plastic Plate)
Paper Towels
Screw Eyes – Brass (7)
Hemp Cord
Low Heat Glue Gun
Engraved Word Keys – Dreams, Memory and Journey
Wooden Squares (4)
Tracing and Transfer Paper
Allow to dry between steps.Craft Time: 60+ minutes
Alice in Wonderland Board Book, Small


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26 Unsettling Truths About Social Security
To mark the 80th anniversary of Social Security, this is everything you need to know -- the good, the bad, the awful and the silver lining.
To mark the 80th anniversary of Social Security, this is everything you need to know -- the good, the bad, the awful and the silver lining.
Think Social Security has decades before its money runs out? Benefits for disability recipients and their families could be cut by 19 percent in 2016.
To feel more optimistic about Social Security's funding, consider simple fixes, interest income, conservative wage projections and a realistic prognosis.
A recent study of 45- to 65-year-olds revealed many concerns about retirement, but taking some simple steps now will help you feel more confident about your prospects later.
Vanguard founder John Bogle says the U.S. retirement system "is facing three train wrecks, all of which have to be fixed." Here's what you can do to avoid becoming a casualty.
The Social Security Trust Funds will be empty in 20 years. After that, there'll be a big hole to fill in your retirement plan. To fill it, you'll want to start now.
Lately, nearly every time the Social Security Trustees have reported on the program's health, the news has gotten worse. Here's what we can expect from their next report.
Obama's new budget proposal includes changing some key inflation calculations to "chained CPI" -- a controversial shift because of the effect it may have on personal finances.
The Congressional Budget Office has updated its projections for the Social Security Trust Fund, and the news isn't good.
Thanks to the expiration of the temporary payroll tax cut at the end of this year, President Obama has a historic opportunity to shore up Social Security. The Motley Fool's Chuck Saletta explains how this tax hike could be the best thing for the country.
Even if you're part of the 47% who don't pay federal income taxes, you probably do pay payroll taxes. A few years ago, President Obama and his allies in Congress cut you a break to ease the pain of the recession: a 2 percentage point payroll tax holiday. Well, the holiday is over.
If you're receiving Social Security benefits, your check will rise by 1.7% in 2013, thanks to that program's most recent annual cost-of-living adjustment. If, on the other hand, you're still working and paying into Social Security, your taxes are going back up next year.
For the past several years, Social Security's Trustees have been warning of the accelerating depletion of its Trust Fund. Since 2008, the Trust Fund's out-of-money date has inched forward from 2041 to 2033. Unfortunately, even that projection is a bit too optimistic.
In the debate over how to keep Social Security afloat, two proposals dominate: Either raise taxes or cut benefits. Neither is an attractive option, but one there is little-mentioned solution that could fix Social Security almost painlessly: Make more cute little Americans.
Here's a disturbing fact about Social Security you may not have heard about: For an increasing number of new retirees, the amount that Social Security will pay out in benefits will end up being less than the payroll taxes they paid in.
When pundits talk about the fiscal cliff, they7 usually focus on the damage that'll be caused by the expiring Bush tax cuts and the across-the-board budget cuts. But what you'll probably feel first will be the end of the payroll tax holiday, which will take an instant bite out of your paycheck.
The average Gen Xer is on track to face $1,700 a month income gap in retirement. The average baby boomers will fall a whopping $2,100 a month short. Those may sound like insurmountable numbers, but don't throw in the towel yet.
Chad Parks is on a six-week cross-country road trip to shoot a documentary about Americans' soured retirement dreams. And if there are any solutions to the looming crisis, he hopes his crew and their vintage VW Vanagon will find them.
Recent government reports confirm that Social Security's finances are still falling apart, and apparently they're getting worse at an ever-faster pace. That shouldn't come as a surprise, and you need to prepare.
For years, Americans have worried about whether Social Security and Medicare would be around when they needed them. On Monday, the worriers got bad news: The programs are closer to running out of money.
Everyone's predicting the worst for Social Security. But should the possibility of cuts a quarter-century from now really have people in a panic today? In a counterpoint to Chuck Saletta, retirement expert Dan Caplinger says there's no need for major changes.
Social Security's trust fund is in the long, slow process of collapsing because it won't have enough funds to pay its promised benefits. Sound like a Ponzi scheme? Perhaps, but at least this "scheme" is one in which you can come out ahead -- especially if you start preparing now.
The woes Social Security faces have generated plenty of worried talk lately, but even if nothing changes, it'll be solvent until 2036. But Medicare, the other major government program that retirees rely on, is on course for financial disaster years sooner. That program, of course, is Medicare, and the funding situation for the portion of its benefits that retirees receive looks even scarier than Social Security's prospects right now.
Social Security spent $49 billion more in 2010 than it took in as tax collections. By the time 2011 ends, it expects to outspend collections by another $46 billion. At this rate, the program's much-touted "Trust Fund" is expected to be depleted by 2036; without that fund, benefits are expected to fall to about three-quarters of current promised levels.
The federal government has been borrowing Social Security's surpluses for decades and issuing the program IOUs in return. However, the ability to pay those IOUs depends on the Treasury borrowing more money on global bond market at affordable rates. That's hardly a sure thing.
For years, policymakers have reassured the public that Social Security will be solvent for decades. But federal spending and income data from the Treasury reveals that Social Security is already deep in the red, with outlays exceeding payroll tax revenues by $76 billion in 2010 alone.