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| User:Sasquatch101
Hi, welcome to GTA Wiki. Thanks for contributing to the Vinewood (Grand Theft Auto V) page, and for taking interest in the wiki. Please leave a message on my talk page if I can help with anything, or as alternatives, leave a post on a forum, or refer to the Help pages. -- Ilan xd (Talk) 03:36, November 8, 2012
why are you my questions my they are good questions Rigby2000 (talk) 03:21, November 21, 2012 (UTC)RigbyRigby2000 (talk) 03:21, November 21, 2012 (UTC)
I'm Sorry I didn't know Rigby2000 (talk) 03:52, November 21, 2012 (UTC)RigbyRigby2000 (talk) 03:52, November 21, 2012 (UTC)
Thanks For The Advice Rigby2000 (talk) 04:21, November 21, 2012 (UTC)RigbyRigby2000 (talk) 04:21, November 21, 2012 (UTC)
Hey Sasquatch can you check out my questions & see if i did okay http://gta.wikia.com/User_blog:Rigby2000/Grand_Theft_Auto_5_Questions? Rigby2000 (talk) 18:12, November 23, 2012 (UTC)RigbyRigby2000 (talk) 18:12, November 23, 2012 (UTC)
sasquatch can you talk Dodo8 he being hateful to me about my questions & you say i can ask questions on my blog right & he gets mad at me for no reason? Rigby2000 (talk) 20:30, November 23, 2012 (UTC)RigbyRigby2000 (talk) 20:30, November 23, 2012 (UTC)
hey sasquatch you are so right & i will stand up to dodo8 & he is not my boss & if he cuss me out again & i will cuss him right back? Rigby2000 (talk) 05:05, November 24, 2012 (UTC)RigbyRigby2000 (talk) 05:05, November 24, 2012 (UTC)
Help Me With Dodo8
Hey Sasquatch i can't take this anymore & i am giving up posting on here since Dodo8 threaten to? Ilan, the admin, about what you've done but i haven't done anything wrong have I. you need to do something about Dodo8 have him banned forever.
Thanks for the invite, Sasquatch, though I'm not really a Myths&Secrets fan. But, as for the Rumours page, ask Jeff. -- ILan (XD • Edits • Home ) 14:48, January 30, 2013 (UTC)
- PS I may come and help a bit with the GTA Myths Wiki, cleaning it up a little, checking grammar, overlooking, etc. -- ILan (XD • Edits • Home ) 14:48, January 30, 2013 (UTC)
Thanks, for the invitation, Sasquatch. I've already done some edits.
Catch you around, :)
Mikey Klebbitz (talk) 16:38, January 30, 2013 (UTC)
Yeah, well I'm not really into myths, but I'll do what I can to contribute. Happy to help!
Mikey Klebbitz (talk) 15:08, February 6, 2013 (UTC)
Hey there Sasquatch.
I'm semi-new here, and Im not getting any answers on my problems. I need to know navigation and how to navigate and follow my edits in a better way. Can you help? WM hasnt contacted me at all regarding my questions of help. Thanks for any solutions you can give me. UndeadMarston84 (talk) 07:29, February 2, 2013 (UTC)
Thanks. You're welcome, about the votes, I think you're a good editor and would be a good patroller.
Mikey Klebbitz (talk) 16:01, February 7, 2013 (UTC)
As per community vote, you're now a patroller. Any questions or help about anything you can either ask me, Jeff, Tom, or one of the Admins. Messi1983 (talk) 15:14, February 8, 2013 (UTC)
Hey Sasquatch! Congratulations on getting to be a Patroller! It's good to have you as one of our staff! Patroller Vault Boy (Message Me!) 17:08, February 8, 2013 (UTC)
Yeah congrats on becoming a patroller mate, good to have you on the staff. istalo (Talk to me) February 8, 2013
Thanks guys for voting for me, I'll try and do my best at keeping the wiki clear of vandals and running smoothly. Its great to be part of the team! Sasquatch101 (talk) 02:47, February 9, 2013 (UTC)
Congrats from Mikey here! Nice one. Welcome on-board.
Mikey Klebbitz (talk) 16:12, February 9, 2013 (UTC)
RE: Patroller
You have to talk to Ilan about all that and he'll sort it out. VaultBoy Tom (Talk to me this way) 08:31, February 10, 2013 (UTC)
- Sure! I'll make one ofr you and put it on the page. But... what image would you like to be used as your staff avatar? (must be a GTA-related) -- ILan (XD • Edits • Home ) 14:53, February 11, 2013 (UTC)
RE: Streets
hey what'sup this is Ray, i wanted to give you a hand on your street page building, by adding pictures to them so i can make them look more better (Ray boccino (talk) 03:53, February 13, 2013 (UTC))
Hey Sasquatch!
Is every thing good on the GTA Myths Wiki? Hope so.
I applied for admin here. Could you vote and comment?
Mikey Klebbitz (talk) 15:52, March 6, 2013 (UTC)
Thanks, Sasquatch!
I'll go to the GTA Myths wiki today, in the afternoon.
Mikey Klebbitz (talk) 07:56, March 7, 2013 (UTC)
I've been promoted. Thank you for voting "Yes"!
Later, Sasquatch!
Mikey Klebbitz (talk) 17:19, March 8, 2013 (UTC)
I hope so!
Mikey Klebbitz (talk) 18:40, March 9, 2013 (UTC)
Thanks, likewise!
Mikey Klebbitz (talk) 14:27, March 10, 2013 (UTC)
Thanks Sasquatch for voting yes on my patrollership request. I appreciate it. Boomer8 (talk) 04:15, March 11, 2013 (UTC)
RE: Admin
Hey Sasquatch!
I already voted. In fact, I voted even before I saw your message.
Good luck in you request!
Mikey Klebbitz (talk) 16:38, March 13, 2013 (UTC)
- Voted and voted no. But that will be a yes if you apply again in a few months time. Messi1983 (talk) 17:52, March 14, 2013 (UTC)
- Try to consolidate your patroller skills, then. Good luck!
- Mikey Klebbitz (talk) 18:08, March 15, 2013 (UTC)
Hi, Sasquatch, I like your page and you would be a nice patroller or admin, I saw your request in the GTA Wiki:Requests for Promotion, I would answer yes, but please, answer yes to me to by patrollership, it would be a big pleasure, thanks a lot.
Thomas0802 (talk) 13:24, March 16, 2013 (UTC)
Interaction ban
I am officially stating the following.
- Dodo8 and Sasquatch101 are banned from commenting on each other's edits or behavior, either directly or indirectly.
- Dodo8 and Sasquatch101 are banned from voting on each other's promotion requests
- Dodo8 and Sasquatch101 are banned from filing demotion requests against each other.
Discussion of this ban should take place on MY talk page, since this identical message has been left on multiple pages. Jeff (talk|stalk) 15:53, March 17, 2013 (UTC)
- I have warned Dodo and now I am warning you. If I see you two arguing again, I will be blocking you both for a period amount of time. Messi1983 (talk) 15:56, March 17, 2013 (UTC)
Hi and thanks!
Hi Sasquatch, I just came to thank you very much about the positive vote, it makes me very happy! Thomas0802 (talk) 21:10, March 17, 2013 (UTC)
24 hours, for this. Interaction ban means you stop talking about Dodo8. Jeff (talk|stalk) 11:52, March 18, 2013 (UTC)
I did not stick up for you. You may assume I "stuck" up for you, but I actually told an admin on you and Dodo in case the situation got out of control.
Mr. T. (talk) 22:52, March 18, 2013 (UTC)
Three days, for violating the interaction ban yet again.
An interaction ban means that you are not to discuss or interact with Dodo8 in any way, shape or form, with the very specific exception of reporting current violations. What part of that are you not understanding? Jeff (talk|stalk) 03:41, March 20, 2013 (UTC)
- Next time you mention Dodo, I am blocking you for a long time or for good. I'm fed up of this grudge you two guys have. This is your last warning. Messi1983 (talk) 04:23, March 20, 2013 (UTC)
Don't whine to me about it. As for you two's; for me trying to "prevent" it, it broke my chances of being an admin due to my "incivilty". Do NOT mention about this conflict again. If you don't know what to do, go talk about it to an admin.
Mr. T. (talk) 22:18, March 20, 2013 (UTC)
The conflict
Alright, Sasquatch, I went through your entire interaction with Dodo8 and, I know you feel like I'm against you because I've blocked you twice now, but I completely sympathize with you. You were right about him being uncivil at first, you helped the newcomer, and you were the one who stayed cool up until a couple weeks ago. In fact, I noticed he was the one who started with the insults with the "I don't know why you were promoted to patroller" thing. The only thing you did wrong until a couple weeks ago was start responding to him instead of either ignoring it or reporting it to Messi, who'd already warned him about incivility.
But when it comes to long running disputes, the first step to resolving them is to get the people in it separated from each other, and that's why I had to block you. I don't know why it is you don't understand the interaction ban and keep breaking it, and I'd love to be able to change my vote on your request for demotion if you'd only show you understand what you did wrong and start actually following the interaction ban.
If you can show me that you understand what the ban means and agree to follow it, I'll unblock you and change my vote on the RfD. Jeff (talk|stalk) 00:34, March 21, 2013 (UTC)
- Jeff, I understand what the ban means, and what it is. I ask that you give me another chance, and close the demotion request. I never intended it to get to this point. I feel deeply sorry for the what has gone on here, and would love nothing more than to continue being a patroller. Reading the time line you made makes me feel even more how I want to be apart of the GTA Wiki staff. I truely mean good. I have steped back and realized that I don't need to be involved in petty nonsense. I hope you can connect to what I'm conveying and close the request you authored. I'm sorry Sasquatch101 (talk) 04:08, March 21, 2013 (UTC)
- Alright, I'll lift the block early and I changed my vote to oppose, I'm going to leave the discussion open for the full 7 days though. Sasquatch, if you ever have any doubts about whether something counts as interacting with Dodo, it probably does count, but either way you can always ask me or Messi if you think it's important.
1,000 Edit!
Sasquatch101 (talk) 04:06, March 22, 2013 (UTC)
- Thankyou for giving me a second chance. I will never interact w/ dodo. Ever. I also compleatly understand why you blocked me. The fighting just had to stop. Thanks Sasquatch101 (talk) 03:31, March 22, 2013 (UTC)
Thanks for putting me on your friends page! Boomer8 (talk) 02:43, March 23, 2013 (UTC)
RE: Congratulations
Thanks Sasquatch! VaultBoy Tom (Talk to me this way) 08:47, March 24, 2013 (UTC)
RE: Linking the Wikis
Yeah, that would be a good idea. I'll have to ask one of the bureaucrats first though.
VaultBoy Tom (Talk to me this way) 08:58, March 28, 2013 (UTC)
I'm doing fine. Can't wait for GTA V!!! Boomer8 (talk) 02:43, March 31, 2013 (UTC)
Yeah, it's very complicated because if it isn't done in a certain way then it doesn't work. I asked Jeff to take a look at it and sort it out but, he hasn't got back to me on that.
VaultBoy Tom (Talk to me this way) 06:58, April 1, 2013 (UTC)
Spelling Corrections
Hey, man. I hope you don't mind, I made a spelling correction on your profile. I changed "Citys" to "Cities".
Just to help your profile be nice :)
PerseusDude (talk) 00:11, April 17, 2013 (UTC)
Sup dude, if you are not busy editing like I was before, we could talk on chat if you want ok. Cloudkit01 (talk) 02:26, May 14, 2013 (UTC)Cloud
Hey Sasquatch! It's been a while since we last spoke, eh?
Tell me how I can help and I'll see what I can do, as soon as I end up studying for the two final tests:
- Maths (tomorrow);
- Geography (Thursday).
Mikey Klebbitz (talk) 19:25, June 4, 2013 (UTC)
The tests are over as of 12:00 am today.
I won't be here in the weekend, so if you wanna discuss it I, I can only do it tomorrow, now.
Mikey Klebbitz (talk) 20:24, June 6, 2013 (UTC)
As long as the header ain't too big, you can add it.
But I'd recommend talking to one of the b'crats first.
Mikey Klebbitz (talk) 19:27, June 7, 2013 (UTC)
Sasquatch, if there's something I can't do, it's editing headers, and that sort of thing.
The thing is I'll be out of home till Monday. I'm leaving two hours from now.
Mikey Klebbitz (talk) 09:42, June 8, 2013 (UTC)
Thanks, Sasquatch, I did have a good trip.
Now, back to business, I DID know Dodo was the best person to ask for the header. But, if I recall correctly, you two have had a rough past...
But now I'm back, I'm happy to see you've overcome that argument of yours.
Also, the header looks good.
Mikey Klebbitz (talk) 20:22, June 10, 2013 (UTC)
Hey, Sasquatch. I could do that today.Dodo8 Talk
- Done. Now an admin has to update the main page.
All of the votes have the same weight.
Mikey Klebbitz (talk) 19:44, June 12, 2013 (UTC)
Making statements such as "You have a real pissy tone in your responce to the comment I made which is a sign that you are a very insecure person" are nothing short of a personal attack, as such I have issued a temproray ban as you have ignored the GTA Wiki Civility policy. JBanton (Talk | Contribs) 07:02, June 14, 2013 (UTC)
- In future I suggest that you do research before bringing points forward, because making and believing unfounded information will only lead you to be naive and believe in things that aren't true. Your recent display on the Community noticeboard shows this; in views towards things that aren't GTA, such as Watch Dogs. I am not here to argue, but only offer advice; research will help you present arguments for which counter-arguments are harder to produce. JBanton (Talk | Contribs) 07:18, June 14, 2013 (UTC)
I have to ask you something about the Alien picture background. It looks like a spaceship, or something like that. I would like to know where did you take this picture, and telling the public how to access that location, wherever it is. I am just curious, and I have never seen a location like it. And I think it might be a hoax if you cant explain how did you get to this location, and that other pepole cant access it.
DeltaWolf247 (talk) 13:17, June 14, 2013 (UTC)DeltaWolf247
Dear Mr. Sasquatch (funny title, isnt it?)
I have to ask you something about the Alien picture background. It looks like a spaceship, or something like that. I would like to know where did you take this picture, and telling the public how to access that location, wherever it is. I am just curious, and I have never seen a location like it. And I think it might be a hoax if you cant explain how did you get to this location, and that other pepole cant access it.
DeltaWolf247 (talk) 13:19, June 14, 2013 (UTC)DeltaWolf247
Community Noticeboard
Check out the GTA Wiki:Community Noticeboard. Boomer8 (talk) 03:54, June 17, 2013 (UTC)
Hi Sas. Where do you live in? I have a project to add our countries to the staff pages.Dodo8 Talk
- Mikey told me he heard you live in another country. I'm not speculating anything, but if it's true there's nothing to be ashame of.Dodo8 Talk
New MoS
After the plan that I talked on Ilan's talk page, I created it. Check out our new MoS - GTA Wiki:Manual of Style/Neighborhoods. I Hope you liked it. --Thomas0802 (talk-Edits) 17:48, July 21, 2013 (UTC)
Community Noticeboard
Check out my new idea at the Community Noticeboard. --Thomas0802 (talk-Edits) 19:46, July 23, 2013 (UTC)
GTA Wiki News
Hey Sasquatch.
Could you please check my new blog post?
Mikey Klebbitz (talk) 11:15, August 10, 2013 (UTC)
Inactivity notice
I just wanted to let you know, school starts on 16 September. Here, at the end of the year we will have to pass 2 exams with a grade as high as possible, this will decide our future. The higher the grade, the better the high school. Due to this I'll have to learn a lot and do a lot of homework, so I will become inactive. I'll try to check the wiki as much as possible, maybe even daily, but I won't edit that much. Cheers! Dodo8 Talk
- I'm still not sure if I'll get GTA V for Xbox, but if I will maybe we can play online sometime. See you soon! :) Dodo8 Talk
Bigfoot - GTA V
'sup Sas, how are you?
So, listen man, I found something you'll find to be very interesting:
Yes, this is NOT a mod, but an easter egg Rockstar added.
Happy GTAV celebration! -- ILan (XD • Edits • Home ) 19:21, September 18, 2013 (UTC)
I feel like you don't understand that the Bigfoot, Ghosts and UFO pages are allowed on here due to the fact that they do actually feature in the game. San Andreas Bigfoot and ghosts etc. were purely speculation and modifications. GTA V actually features them. Tom Talk 19:54, October 10, 2013 (UTC)


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Ever wondered where those water drainages on the side of your favorite trail came from? Or how some areas have escaped the plague of invasive plant species that thrive everywhere else?
If so, you may be looking at the work of dedicated Sierra Club Outings volunteers.
The Work
Through the roughly 90 service trips we run each year, our National Outings program donates roughly 27,000 work hours to state and federal land agencies. The monetary value? Around $405,000.
Service trips range from helping with research projects at whale calving grounds in Maui to assisting with archaeological site restoration in New Mexico. Usually, service trip participants team up with forest service rangers or park service personnel to restore wilderness areas, maintain trails, clean up trash and campsites, and remove non-native plants.
Sierra Club Outings does service through its group and chapters as well. With 65 chapters and more than 400 groups nationwide each contributing to local service projects, Group and Chapter Outings contribute an incalculable number of volunteer hours to our parks and public lands. Many groups and chapters devote special trips solely to service projects.
The Pay
Besides the satisfaction of a job well done, service trip participants feel a sense of ownership of the area where they work. They often return year after year to the work site, either on a Sierra Club service trip or just on their own to see how the work they did is holding up.
Service trip participants get to meet the people who know the area best—namely forest service and park rangers. In some instances, we've been working with ranger districts and park service personnel for over a quarter century. Land agency representatives are happy to talk to us, and we are often granted access to areas off-limits to the casual visitor.
You can donate in two ways. You can make a tax-deductible donation to the Sharon Churchwell Fund, which allows young people 18-25 to go on service trips at a reduced cost, or donate directly to the service trip subcommittee. For more, see donations and contributions.

subset: commoncrawl


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May 6, 2016
The Amber Alert issued for a 4-year-old Durham boy was cancelled this morning, five hours after it was posted.
Around 2:30 Thursday morning, police issue the alert for Ari Aguilar-Castillo.
The mother told WTVD that the boy was asleep in a closet the whole time, possibly under some clothes. She says both Durham police and the family checked the closet, but they did not see him.
Previous Story:
Authorities have issued an Amber Alert for a four year old from Durham taken by an unknown man.
The missing child is four-year-old Ari Aguilar-Castillo. Durham police say the child was taken by a man they say is 45 years old. The name of the man is not listed in the Amber Alert, though authorities say he is white, with black hair, brown eyes, 5'8" tall and weighing 180 pounds.
The missing boy and the man were last seen on foot in the area of 703 Liberty Street in Durham. The Amber Alert was issued at 2:30 a.m.
Anyone with information should call 919-560-4601, which is the number to Durham police.
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Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
We're pleased to present the latest Early Access Build of our forthcoming ANTS Memory Profiler 7, which you can download from here http://downloads.red-gate.com/ANTSProfiler/EAP/ANTSMemoryProfiler_188.8.131.526.exe. As usual, this build will expire after 14 days.
We are planning a number of new features for Memory Profiler 7, and this preview demonstrates a few of them:
• New 'Categorized references' view in the Class Reference Explorer.
This view groups instances of the class according to their shortest path to a GC Root. It is therefore easier to find out at a glance what is holding your the most objects in memory. If you prefer to see the full picture, the old Class Reference Explorer is still available - just switch to the 'All references' view.
• New 'Survivors in growing classes' filter.
Until now, finding a leak in objects that survived between snapshots was not easy. This new filter shows the classes which have more instances in the current snapshot than in the baseline snapshot, and then shows only the surviving objects from those classes.
• Take snapshots at exactly the right moment by calling them from within your code.
We've had so many requests for this feature, we're sure that you'll be delighted that this is now possible. Simply link to the RedGate.MemoryProfiler.Snapshot DLL and call RedGate.MemoryProfiler.Snapshot.TakeSnapshot(). You can name your snapshot by providing a string argument to TakeSnapshot().
• Completely redesigned summary screen
• Improved support for applications using WPF.
Please send us your feedback about the EAP in this forum: What do / don't you like? Have you found any issues with using the tool? What would you like us to add next? We read and value all of your comments.
If you should encounter any problems, please click the 'Send to Red Gate' button so that we can correct the fault in time for the release.


text:
Adaptations of desert plants
By Ajor933 (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
Adaptations of desert plants are the morphological and behavioral responses of flora to maximize their chances of survival in arid regions. The impression that the desert environment is hostile is strictly an outsider's viewpoint. Adaptation enables indigenous organisms not merely to survive here, but to thrive. Furthermore, specialized adaptations often result in a requirement for the seasonal drought and heat. For example, the saguaro, well adapted to its subtropical desert habitat, cannot survive in a rainforest or in any other biome, not even a cold desert. In these other places it would rot, freeze, or be shaded out by faster growing plants.
Aridity is the major—and almost the only—environmental factor that defines a desert, and it is this functional water deficit that serves as the primary limitation to which desert organisms must adapt. Desert plants survive the long rainless periods with three main adaptive strategies: succulence, drought tolerance, and drought evasion. Each of these is a different but effective suite of adaptations for prospering under conditions that would kill plants from other regions. Plants evincing adaptation to arid conditions are termed xerophytes.
As a group, succulents are the most picturesque desert plants. They capture our attention because they look nothing like the more familiar plants of the temperate zone where most people live. Their vernacular names suggest how they command our attention: elephant tree, boojum, jumping cholla, creeping devil, and shindagger. Spanish names translate into equally colorful terms such as dragon's blood, child-killer, and old man's head. Even some scientific names are inspired by the plant's characteristics: Ferocactus (as in ferocious), Opuntia molesta (the molesting-spined cactus), O. invicta (the invincible point), and Agave jaiboli (as in a highball cocktail, because liquor is made from it).
Succulent plants store water in fleshy leaves, stems or roots in compounds or cells from which it is not easily lost. All cacti are succulents, as are such non-cactus desert dwellers as agaves, aloes, elephant trees and many euphorbias. Several other adaptations are essential for the water-storing habit to be effective.
Getting water
Succulents must be able to absorb large quantities of water in short periods, and they must do so under unfavorable conditions. Because roots take up water by passive diffusion, succulents can absorb water only from soil that is wetter than their own moist interiors. Desert soils seldom get this wet and don't retain surplus moisture for long. Desert rains are often light and brief, barely wetting the top few inches (centimeters) of soil, which may dry out after just a day or two of summer heat. To cope with these conditions, nearly all succulents have extensive, shallow root systems. A giant saguaro's root system lies immediately beneath the soil surface and radiates as far as the plant is tall. The roots of a two-foot-tall cholla in an extremely arid site may be nine meters long. Most succulents, in fact, rarely have roots more than ten centimeters below the surface, and the water-absorbing feeder roots are typically within the upper one half inch (1.3 cm). Agaves are an exception in lacking extensive root systems; most of the roots do not extend much beyond the spread of the leaf rosette. Instead, the leaves of these plants channel rain to the plant's base.
Conserving water
A succulent must be able to guard its water hoard in a desiccating environment and use it as efficiently as possible. The stems and leaves of most species have waxy cuticles that render them nearly waterproof when the stomates are closed. Water is further conserved by reduced surface areas; most succulents have few leaves (agaves), no leaves (most cacti), or leaves that are deciduous in dry seasons (elephant tree [Bursera spp.], boojums [Fouquieria columnaris]). The water is also bound in extracellular mucilages and inulins—compounds that hold tightly onto the water.
Many succulents possess a water-efficient variant of photosynthesis called CAM, an acronym for Crassulacean Acid Metabolism. The first word refers to the stonecrop family (Crassulaceae) in which the phenomenon was first discovered. (Dudleya is in this family, as are hen-and-chickens and jade plant.) CAM plants open their stomates for gas exchange at night and store carbon dioxide in the form of an organic acid. During the day the stomates are closed and the plants are nearly completely sealed against water loss; photosynthesis is conducted using the stored carbon dioxide. At night the temperatures are lower and humidity higher than during the day, so less water is lost through transpiration. Plants using CAM lose about one-tenth as much water per unit of carbohydrate synthesized as do those using standard C3 photosynthesis. But there is a trade-off: the overall rate of photosynthesis is slower, so CAM plants grow more slowly than most C3 plants. (An additional limitation is the reduced photosynthetic surface area of most succulents compared with "ordinary" plants.)
The equilibrium between gaseous carbon dioxide and the organic acid is dependent on temperature. Acid formation (carbon dioxide storage) is favored at cool temperatures; higher temperatures stimulate release of carbon dioxide from the acid. Thus CAM works most efficiently in climates that have a large daily temperature range, such as arid lands. Cool nights allow much carbon dioxide to be stored as acid, and the warm days cause most of the carbon dioxide to be released for photosynthesis. (A note of interest: A plant in CAM mode will store enough acid to impart a sour taste in early morning; the flavor becomes bland by afternoon when the acid is used up. But don't taste indiscriminately—many succulents are poisonous!)
Many succulents possess CAM, as do semisucculents such as some yuccas, epiphytic (growing on trees or rocks) orchids, and xerophytic (arid-adapted) bromeliads. Exceptions are stem succulents with deciduous, non-succulent leaves, such as elephant trees (Bursera spp.), limberbushes (Jatropha spp.), and desert roses (Adenium spp.). Succulents from hot, humid climates that lack substantial daily temperature fluctuations also usually do not use CAM. Some succulents, such as Agave deserti, can switch from CAM to C3 photosynthesis when water is abundant, allowing faster growth. Over five percent of all plant species spread among thirty or more plant families are known to use CAM.
Another crucial attribute of CAM plants is their idling metabolism during droughts. When CAM plants become water-stressed, the stomates remain closed both day and night and the fine (water-permeable) roots are sloughed off. The plant's stored water is essentially sealed inside and gas exchange greatly decreases. However, a low level of respiration (oxidation of carbohydrate into water, carbon dioxide and energy) is carried out within the still-moist tissues. The carbon dioxide released by respiration is recycled into the photosynthetic pathway to make more carbohydrate, and the oxygen released by photosynthesis is recycled for respiration. Thus the plant never goes completely dormant but is metabolizing slowly—idling. (This sounds like perpetual motion, but it isn't. The recycling isn't 100 percent efficient, so the plant will eventually exhaust its resources.) Just as an idling engine can rev up to full speed more quickly than a cold one, an idling CAM plant can resume full growth in twenty-four to forty-eight hours after a rain. Agaves can sprout visible new roots just five hours after a rain, whereas it may take a couple of weeks for a dormant nonsucculent shrub to resume full metabolic activity. Therefore, succulents can take rapid and maximum advantage of the soil moisture from a summer rain before it quickly evaporates. The combination of shallow roots and the CAM-idling which allows rapid response enables succulents to benefit from rain even in amounts less than G inch (6 mm).
Stored water in an arid environment requires protection from thirsty animals. Most succulent plants are spiny, bitter, or toxic, and often all three. Some unarmed, nontoxic species are restricted to inaccessible locations. Smooth prickly pear (Opuntia phaeacantha var. laevis) and live-forever (Dudleya spp.) grow on vertical cliffs or within the canopies of armored plants. Still others rely on camouflage; Arizona night-blooming cereus (Peniocereus greggii) closely resembles the dry stems of the shrubs in which it grows.
These adaptations are all deterrents that are never completely effective. Evolution is a continuous process in which some animals develop new inheritable behaviors to avoid spines or new metabolic pathways to neutralize the toxins of certain species. In response the plants are continually improving their defenses. For example, packrats can handle even the spiniest chollas and rarely get stuck. They also eat prickly pear for water and manage to excrete the oxalates which could clog the kidneys of some other animals. Toxin-tolerant insects often incorporate their host plant's toxins into their own tissues for protection against their predators.
Drought Tolerance
Drought-tolerant plants often appear to be dead or dying during the dry seasons. They're just bundles of dry sticks with brown or absent foliage, reinforcing the myth that desert organisms are engaged in a perpetual struggle for survival. They're simply waiting for rain in their own way, and are usually not suffering or dying any more than a napping dog is near death .
Drought tolerance or drought dormancy refers to desert plants' ability to withstand desiccation. A tomato plant will wilt and die within days after its soil dries out. But many nonsucculent desert plants survive months or even years with no rain. During the dry season the stems of brittlebush and bursage are so dehydrated that they can be used as kindling wood, yet they are alive. Drought-tolerant plants often shed leaves during dry periods and enter a deep dormancy analogous to torpor (a drastic lowering of metabolism) in animals. Dropping leaves reduces the surface area of the plant and thus reduces transpiration. Some plants that usually retain their leaves through droughts have resinous or waxy coatings that retard water loss (creosote bush, for example).
The roots of desert shrubs and trees are more extensive than are those of plants of the same size in wetter climates. They extend laterally two to three times the diameter of the canopy. Most also exploit the soil at greater depths than the roots of succulents. The large expanses of exposed ground between plants in deserts are usually not empty. Dig a hole almost anywhere except in active sand dunes or the most barren desert pavement and you are likely to find roots.
Rooting depth controls opportunities for growth cycles. In contrast to the succulents' shallow-rooted, rapid-response strategy, a substantial rain is required to wet the deeper root zone of shrubs and trees. A half-inch is the minimum for even the smaller shrubs—more for larger, deeper-rooted plants. It takes a couple of weeks for dormant shrubs such as brittlebush (Encelia farinosa) and creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) to produce new roots and leaves and resume full metabolic activity after a soaking rain. The tradeoff between this strategy and that of succulents is that once the deeper soil is wetted, it stays moist much longer than the surface layer; the deeper moisture sustains growth of shrubs and trees for several weeks.
Mesquite trees (Prosopis spp.) are renowned for having extremely deep roots, the champion reaching nearly 200 feet. But these riparian specimens are not drought-tolerating trees—their roots are in the water table. Most large floodplain mesquites die if the water table drops below forty feet, and mesquites growing away from waterways remain short and shrubby. No desert plant is known to use very deep roots as a primary strategy for survival. In fact, the root systems of most trees —including mesquites—are mostly confined to the upper three feet of soil. Few rains penetrate deeper than this, and at greater depths there is little oxygen to support root respiration.
In contrast to succulents that can take up water only from nearly saturated soil, drought tolerant plants can absorb water from much drier soil. A creosote bush can obtain water from soil that feels dust-dry to the touch. Similarly these plants can continue to photosynthesize with low leaf-moisture contents that would be fatal to most plants.
Some plants in this adaptive group are notoriously difficult to cultivate, especially in containers. It seems paradoxical that desert ferns and creosote bushes, among the most drought-tolerant of desert plants, can be kept alive in containers only if they are never allowed to dry out. The reason is that these plants can survive drought only if they dry out slowly and have time to make gradual physiological adjustments. If a potted plant misses a watering, the small soil volume dries out too rapidly to allow the plant to prepare for dormancy, so it dies. Researchers showed that some spike mosses (Selaginella spp.) must dehydrate over a five to seven day period. If they dry more rapidly they lack time to adjust, and if drying takes longer than a week they exhaust their energy reserves and starve to death. (Selaginella lepidophylla from the Chihuahuan Desert is widely sold as a novelty under the name "resurrection fern". Rehydration and resumption of active life takes only a few hours.)
Drought Evasion
Interstate 40 from Barstow to Needles, California traverses some of the emptiest land in the West. It dashes as straight as it can through 130 miles (200 km) of dry valleys that are almost devoid of human settlements. The vegetation is simple, mostly widely-scattered creosote bushes. It's difficult to tell if you're driving through the Mojave or Sonoran desert. The small, rocky mountain ranges interrupting the valleys beckon to true desert lovers, but the drive is just plain bleak to most people. The exits on this freeway average ten miles (16 km) apart and connect to two-lane roads that shoot straight over the distant horizon with no visible destinations. You rarely see a vehicle on any of them.
Frequent travelers on this freeway become accustomed to its monotony until they think they know what to expect. The creosote bush may turn green if there's been a rain; ocotillo always flowers in April; most of the time it's just brown gravel and brown bushes. Then one spring travelers were astonished to discover the ground between the bushes literally carpeted with flowers. It happened in March 1998, when for three weeks the freeway bisected a nearly unbroken blanket of desert sunflowers forty miles long and ten miles wide. At every exit-to-nowhere several cars and trucks were pulled off and people wandered through the two-foot-deep sea of yellow. Those with long memories may have recalled that the same thing happened in 1978. Perhaps they wondered where these flowers came from, and where they were during the intervening twenty years.
Those desert sunflowers (Geraea canescens) were annual wildflowers, plants that escape unfavorable conditions by "not existing" during such periods. Annuals complete their life cycles during brief wet seasons, then die after channeling all of their life energy into producing seeds. Seeds are dormant propagules with almost no metabolism and great resistance to environmental extremes. (A propagule is any part of a plant that can separate from the parent and grow into a new plant, for example, a seed, an agave aerial plantlet, a cholla joint.) Seeds wait out adverse environmental conditions, sometimes for decades, and will germinate and grow only when specific requirements are met.
Wildflower spectacles like the one described above are rare events. Mass germination and prolific growth depend on rains that are both earlier and more plentiful than normal. The dazzling displays featured in photographic journals and on postcards occur about once a decade in a given place. In the six decades between 1940 and 1998 there have been only four documented drop-everything-and-go-see-it displays in southern Arizona: 1941, 1978, 1979, and 1998. During that period only the displays of 1978 and 1998 were widespread throughout both the Sonoran and Mohave deserts.
Desert annuals in the Sonoran Desert can be divided into three groups, based on time of germination and flowering. Winter-spring species are by far the most numerous. The showy wildflowers that attract human attention will germinate only during a narrow window of opportunity in the fall or winter, after summer heat has waned and before winter cold arrives. In most of the Sonoran Desert this temperature window seems to occur between early October and early December for most species. During this window there must be a soaking rain of at least one inch (2.5 cm) to induce mass germination. This combination of requirements is survival insurance: an inch of rain in the mild weather of fall will provide enough soil moisture that the resulting seedlings will probably mature and produce seeds even if almost no more rain falls in that season. (Remember that one of the characteristics of deserts is low and undependable rainfall.) If the subsequent rainfall is sparse, the plants remain small and may produce only a single flower and a few seeds, but this is enough to ensure a future generation. There is still further insurance: even under the best conditions not all of the seeds in the soil will germinate; some remain dormant. For example, a percentage of any year's crop of desert lupine seeds will not germinate until they are ten years old. The mechanisms that regulate this delayed germination are not well understood.
The seedlings produce rosettes of leaves during the mild fall weather, grow more slowly through the winter (staying warm in the daytime by remaining flat against the ground), and bolt into flower in the spring. Since the plants are inconspicuous until they begin the spring bolt, many people mistakenly think that spring rains produce desert wildflower displays.
There is a smaller group of annual species that grow only in response to summer rains. Annual devil's claw (Proboscidea parviflora) and Arizona poppy (Kallstroemia grandiflora) are among the few showy ones.
|Desert marigold Baileya multiradiata. (Photo by Mark Dimmitt,Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum)
|Desert marigold Baileya multiradiata. (Photo by Mark Dimmitt,Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum)
A third group consists of a few opportunistic species which will germinate in response to rain at almost any season. Most of these lack showy flowers and are known only to botanists, but desert marigold (Baileya multiradiata) is a conspicuous exception; it is actually not an annual, but rather a short-lived perennial in most of its range. A few species of buckwheats (Eriogonum) germinate in fall or winter and flower the following summer.
The annual habit is a very successful strategy for warm-arid climates. There are no annual plants in the polar regions or the wet tropics. In the polar zones the growing season is too short to complete a life cycle. In both habitats the intense competition for suitable growing sites favors longevity. (Once you've got it, you should hang onto it.) Annuals become common only in communities that have dry seasons, where the perennials are widely spaced because they must command a large soil area to survive the drier years. In the occasional wetter years, both open space and moisture are available to be exploited by plants that can do so rapidly. The more arid the habitat, the greater the proportion of annual species in North America. (The percentage decreases in the extremely arid parts of the Saharan-Arabian region.) Half of the Sonoran Desert flora are comprised of annual species. In the driest habitats, such as the sandy flats near Yuma, Arizona, up to ninety percent of the plants are annuals.
Winter annuals provide most of the color for our famous wildflower shows. Woody perennials and succulents can be individually beautiful, but their adaptive strategies require them to be widely-spaced, so they usually don't create masses of color. A couple of exceptions are brittlebush when it occurs in pure stands, and extensive woodlands of foothill palo verde (Cercidium microphyllum). The most common of the showy winter annuals that contribute to these displays in southern Arizona are Mexican gold poppy (Eschscholtzia mexicana), lupine (Lupinus sparsiflorus), and owl-clover (Castilleja exserta, formerly Orthocarpus purpurascens).
One of the contributing factors to the great number of annual species is niche separation. (A niche is an organism's ecological role; for example, sand verbena is a butterfly-pollinated winter annual of sandy soils.) Most species have definite preferences for particular soil textures, and perhaps soil chemistry as well. For example, in the Pinacate region of northwestern Sonora there are places where gravels of volcanic cinder are dissected by drainage channels or wind deposits of fine silt. In wet years Nama demissum (purple mat) grows abundantly on the gravel and the related Nama hispidum (sand bells) on the silt. I have seen the two species within inches of each other where these soil types meet, but not one plant of either species could be found on the other soil. There are specialists in loose sand such as dune evening primrose (Oenothera deltoides) and sand verbena (Abronia villosa), and others are restricted to rocky soils, such as most caterpillar weeds (Phacelia spp.). This phenomenon of occupying different physical locations is spatial niche separation.
Another diversity-promoting phenomenon is temporal niche separation: the mix of species at the same location changes from year to year. Seeds of the various species have different germination requirements. The time of the season (which influences temperature) and quantity of the first germination-triggering rain determines which species will dominate, or even be present at all in that year. Of the three most common annuals of southern Arizona listed above, any one may occur in a nearly pure stand on a given hillside in different years, and occasionally all three are nearly equally abundant. This interpretation of the cause of these year-to-year variations is a hypothesis based on decades of empirical observation. Much more research is needed to discover the ecological requirements of most species of desert annuals. And of course the Sonoran Desert's two rainy seasons provide two major temporal niches. Summer and winter annuals almost never overlap.
The dramatic wildflower shows are only a small part of the ecological story of desert annuals. For each conspicuous species there are dozens of others that either have less colorful flowers or don't grow in large numbers. Every time the desert has a wet fall or winter it will turn green with annuals, but it will not always be ablaze with other colors. One of the most common winter annuals is desert plantain (Plantago insularis). It usually grows only a few inches tall and bears spikes of tiny greenish flowers, but billions of plants cover many square miles in good years. The tiny seeds are covered with a soluble fiber which forms a sticky mucilage when wet by rain; this aids germination by retaining water around the seed and sticking it to the ground. A related species from India is the commercial source of psyllium fiber (Metamucil® for example). The buckwheat family (Polygonaceae) is well-represented. There are more than a score of skeleton weeds (Eriogonum spp.) and half as many spiny buckwheats (Chorizanthe spp.), most of which go unnoticed except by botanists (see species accounts). Fiddlenecks (Amsinckia spp., Boraginaceae) may grow in solid masses over many acres, but the tiny yellow flowers don't significantly modify the dominant green of the foliage. These more modest species produce more biomass than the showy wildflowers in most years, and thus form the foundation of a great food pyramid.
Some perennials also evade drought much as annuals do, by having underground parts that send up stems, leaves, and flowers only during wet years. Coyote gourd (Cucurbita digitata) and perennial devil's claw (Proboscidea althaeifolia) have fleshy roots that remain dormant in dry years. Desert larkspur (Delphinium parryi) is a perennial that has woody rootstocks but also sprouts only in wetter years. Desert mariposa (Calochortus kennedyi) and desert lily (Hesperocallis undulata) have bulbs that may remain dormant for several years until a deep soaking rain awakens them.
Our desert wildflower displays are in jeopardy from invasive exotic plants. Species such as Russian thistle (Salsola tragus, also called S. kali), mustards (especially Brassica tournefortii), filaree (Erodium cicutarium), and Lehmann's lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmannii) are more aggressive than most of the native annuals and are crowding them out in many areas where they have become established. Some are still increasing their geographic ranges with every wet winter. Disturbed sites such as sand dunes, washes (naturally disturbed by wind and water, respectively), roadsides, and livestock-grazed lands are particularly vulnerable to invasion by these aliens.
Combined Drought Adaptations
These three basic drought-coping strategies—succulence, drought tolerance, and drought avoidance—are not exclusive categories. Ocotillo behaves as if it were a CAM-succulent, drought deciduous shrub, but it is neither CAM nor succulent (see details in the species accounts). The genus Portulaca contains species that are succulent annuals. The seeds may wait for a wet spell to germinate, but the resulting plants can tolerate a moderate drought. The semisucculent yuccas have some water storage capacity, but rely on deep roots to obtain most of their water. Mesquite trees are often phreatophytes (plants with their roots in the water table), but some species can also grow as stunted shrubs on drier sites where ground water is beyond their reach.
Adaptations to Other Desert Conditions
Water scarcity is the most important—but not the only—environmental challenge to desert organisms. The aridity allows the sun to shine unfiltered through the clear atmosphere continuously from sunrise to sunset. This intense solar radiation produces very high summer temperatures which are lethal to nonadapted plants. At night much of the accumulated heat radiates through the same clear atmosphere and the temperature drops dramatically. Daily fluctuations of 40°F (22°C) are not uncommon when the humidity is very low.
Microphylly (the trait of having small leaves) is primarily an adaptation to avoid overheating; it also reduces water loss. A broader surface has a deeper boundary layer of stagnant air at its surface, which impedes convective heat exchange. A leaf up to 1/2 inch (10 mm) across can stay below the lethal tissue temperature of about 115°F (46°C) on a calm day with its stomates closed. A larger leaf requires transpiration through open stomates for evaporative cooling. Since the hottest time of year is also the driest, water is not available for transpiration. Non-succulent large-leafed plants in the desert environment would overheat and be killed. Desert gardeners know that tomatoes will burn in full desert sun even if well watered; their leaves are just too big to stay cool. Desert plants that do have large leaves produce them only during the cool or rainy season or else live in shaded microhabitats. There are a few mysterious exceptions, such as jimson weed (Datura wrightii) and desert milkweed (Asclepias erosa). Perhaps their large tuberous roots provide enough water for transpiration even when the soil is dry.
Leaf or stem color, orientation, and self-shading are still more ways to adapt to intense light and heat. Desert foliage comes in many shades, but rarely in typical leaf-green. More often leaves are gray-green, blue-green, gray, or even white. The light color is usually due to a dense covering of trichomes (hairlike scales), but is sometimes from a waxy secretion on the leaf or stem surface. Lighter colors reflect more light (= heat) and thus remain cooler than dark green leaves. Brittlebush and white bursage leaves show no green through their trichomes during the dry season, while desert agave (Agave deserti) is light gray due to its thick, waxy cuticle. Other plants have leaves or stems with vertical orientations; two common examples are jojoba and prickly pear cactus. This orientation results in the photosynthetic surface facing the sun most directly in morning and late afternoon. Photosynthesis is more efficient during these cooler times of day. Prickly pear pads will burn in summer if their flat surfaces face upward. Some cacti create their own shade with a dense armament of spines; teddy bear cholla (Opuntia bigelovii) is one of the most striking examples.
Further Reading
- Plant Ecology of the Sonoran Desert Region, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum.
- Desert Plant Survival, Desert USA.
- Phillips, S.J. and P.W. Comus (eds.) 2000. A Natural History of the Sonoran Desert. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Press, Tucson, and University of California Press, Berkeley.
Disclaimer: This article contains information that was originally published by the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. Topic editors and authors for the Encyclopedia of Earth have edited its content and added new information. The use of information from the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum should not be construed as support for or endorsement by that organization for any new information added by EoE personnel, or for any editing of the original content.


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Green Peas Burfi(Mutter Burfi)...!!!Author: Siddhi Shirsat // Category: Sweets
HAPPY MAHASHIVRATRI To All My Dear Blogger Friends...!!!
On this auspicious occasion i am posting a very unique sweet recipe.I am saying its unique as this sweet is used making a vegetable ie green peas.Green peas gives this sweet a very nice taste as well as a nice colour naturally.
- 200 grams fresh green peas
- 150 grams sugar
- 100 grams milk powder
- 50 grams cashew nut powder
- 1 tea spoon vanilla essence
- 1 cup almond chopped
- 1/2 tea spoon cardamom seed powder
- 2-3 tea spoons of pure ghee
Heat water in a vessel and add the green peas and let them get cooked fully.Now cool them and remove thin cover of each green pea.Removing this cover is important as it gives a smooth paste later.After removing the peels grind this boiled mutter to a very fine paste using very little water.There is one more way to remove peels of green peas. Put this hot boiled green peas in 'puran yantra'.After putting this mutter in puran yantra the peels gets separated and a thin paste is obtained. For those who do not know what is 'puran yantra' , its a vessel used to make puran for puran polis.
Now heat a non stick pan and add 2 tea spoon ghee and add the mutter paste and saute it for 3-4 mins.Then add sugar and mix it.Sugar will melt and the mixture will change colour to dark green paste. Let it get cooked for 5 mins.
Now add the milk powder, cashew nut powder and vanilla essence and mix well.Mixture will again change colour to light green and will start getting thicker.Saute it till it forms a ball.Add cardamom powder and mix it and let the mixture form a ball.
Grease the back side of a plate with ghee. Pour the cooked mixture over it and spread it over it uniformly using a greased small flat plate.Sprinkle almond shivers on it and press gently. Let it get cooled for 20 mins. Cut it into deisired shape and serve.
They remain fresh without refrigeration for 10-12 days.
Preparation Time: 30 mins


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Wednesday, October 5, 2011
Ilona Royce Smithkin:How to Turn an Old Umbrella Into a Stylish Accessory
Every time I visit my good friend 91 year old artist, Ilona Royce Smithkin, she has something new and exciting to show me.Whether its an umbrella that she has turned into a scarf and matching bracelet, or an old scarf made into a beautiful gown, Ilona's creations are always colorful and creative.What is so great about Ilona's style is that she has so much fun putting everything together. She is inspired by her work as an artist and sees each outfit as a combination of colors on a painter's palette. Ilona proves that we can be creative and active, no matter how old we are.
16 comments:
- sylvia @ 40PlusStyle said...
What a fun and remarkable woman!
- October 5, 2011 at 11:37 AM
- beingzhenya said...
This lady is amazing! I would love to meet her in person! Plus the ideas are great! I am all for reusing things that I already own!
- October 5, 2011 at 11:50 AM
- Dayzee said...
I love her! she seems amazing!
- October 5, 2011 at 12:02 PM
- sacramento said...
She is gorgeous beyond any words I could say.
What an inspiration...
- October 5, 2011 at 2:37 PM
- Sabrina said...
amazing blog!!
- October 5, 2011 at 4:46 PM
- Tonia said...
She gives wise advice. I always find myself mixing colors that so-called don't go together but somehow is works
- October 5, 2011 at 5:50 PM
- Giggles said...
Ilona is such a lovable woman! She truly has the X factor! I enjoy her wisdom, and share her love of color!
Hugs Giggles
- October 5, 2011 at 5:51 PM
- Dr. Rob Rob said...
What a beautifully colourful Lady. I love her idea of colours becoming friends. She's an inspiration.
- October 5, 2011 at 6:17 PM
- Shelley said...
I think she is absolutely beautiful. One request, Ari, could you please turn up the volume when you make your videos? Some of us are a bit hard of hearing... Keep up the great work!
- October 6, 2011 at 6:16 AM
Ari, I just came across your wonderful blog on the eve of my 56th birthday. I've had a tough time getting older, facing wrinkles and what to wear lately and I wanted to thank you and each of the women you feature for the inspiration and impetus to be me again!
- October 6, 2011 at 9:39 AM
- Meanqueen said...
Ilona has made me feel quite dowdy, maybe I ought to take a leaf out of her book. I hope I am as vibrant as she is when I am that age. Love from Ilona age 62.
- October 6, 2011 at 10:54 AM
- Merrytoday said...
:LOVE this blog. Am a vibrant 76, full of life and thrilled to find something geared to my age bracket. Have joined this site so I don't lose track of this fab blog.
- October 8, 2011 at 5:10 PM
- Gloria said...
I love that she has all those colors around her. She is right you know. Colors do lift the spirits. She's beautiful. Thanks Ari.
- October 11, 2011 at 9:58 PM
- Aidan E said...
omg this lady is crazy AMAZING! shes great i love her she gets me so inspired, the blog itself is also amazing keep up the work guys :DD
- October 13, 2011 at 12:57 AM
- Fossy Boots said...
I see her in my neighborhood all the time. She always makes my day that much better with her colorful duds. So adorable.
- October 21, 2011 at 6:43 PM
- Angela Maynard said...
llona, you amazed me with your creative ideas. I couldn't believe how you used an umbrella to make accessories. When I discovered your video and read the title, it made me curious, so I looked at it. I couldn't believe my eyes.
I never thought of doing what you did with an umbrella. This was unbelievable! Now you give me ideas and you have my creative juices flowing. LOL!
Ilona, Your video is AWESOME!
- November 4, 2011 at 12:58 PM


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DP133: Uncrushing Defeat!
this wiki
After losing a tough battle against Paul, Ash and his Pokemon are recovering at the Pokemon Center near Lake Acuity. Ash's Pokemon are on the road to recovery, but Ash is still brooding over his loss. Team Rocket thinks this could be the perfect time to steal Pikachu: why not kick a Trainer while he's down? Ash's friends, on the other hand, are doing their best to help out. Dawn and Piplup are planning to cheer Ash up and Brock is out by the lake, looking for Cheri Berries to help heal Monferno. While Brock searches for berries, he sees a strange being hover over the water and then vanish.
Back at the Pokemon Center, Nurse Joy thinks the strange being was the Legendary Uxie. That makes the third mysterious lake Pokemon that Ash and his friends have spotted! And now, after a Pokemon pep talk, Ash seems cheerful again--but Dawn thinks he's just putting on a brave front. So it's time for Dawn's Pokemon Circus, a show where Dawn's Pokemon clown around and make funny faces. Sure enough, Ash starts laughing at their antics, but all laughter stops once Team Rocket takes over the stage.
After Team Rocket calls Ash a loser, they grab Pikachu and run. Ash and his team work together to chase them down--when Seviper uses Haze, Buizel clears the smoke, then Grotle and Staraptor knock out Yanmega and Carnivine. To finish it off, Monferno uses Mach Punch to knock Team Rocket down, so Pikachu can escape. As Team Rocket argues over whose bad idea this was, Ash and his team act as one to blast the three thieves into the sky. Ash is finally feeling back to his old self, and even Dawn has something to look forward to: her next Contest in Lilypad Town!


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What is this technique Yamato uses to appear out of seemingly no where in Shippuden Episode 34? JaZZBaND (talk) 14:45, March 24, 2013 (UTC)
Looks like Mayfly 0_o, the instant appearing and vanishing is body flicker, tho traveling through floor really looks like Mayfly to me--Elveonora (talk) 17:06, March 24, 2013 (UTC)
It seems a bit speculative to say Mayfly. So either we change the hiding rock technique debut date or we need to add like a generic anbu phasing technique.JaZZBaND (talk) 17:38, March 24, 2013 (UTC)
There's no such thing as generic ANBU phasing technique tho, also "hide in rock" is non-canon name (anime only) thus it could even possibly be Mayfly all along. The last time I checked, that floor ain't made of earth or rocks--Elveonora (talk) 17:55, March 24, 2013 (UTC)
What do we do then?JaZZBaND (talk) 21:17, March 24, 2013 (UTC)
We wait for opinions of more people, tho some will call it "speculation" well, I dunno which is more speculative, listing him as a user of what appears to be the aforementioned technique, or rather one that's not even canon thus doesn't exist in Kishi's head. Yamato is the most successful clone of Hashirama. Zetsus are plant clones of that guy and naturally possess that ability, while Yamato's clones were noted to be able to merge and travel through wood I think. So unless that one in the office with Tsunade was a clone, you figure--Elveonora (talk) 22:40, March 24, 2013 (UTC)
Whatever that technique is, it's anime-only, since in the chapter, Yamato is already standing in front of Tsunade when the panel shows him. I don't think he should be listed as a user of Mayfly. It would be least speculative to list him as an anime-only user of Attack Prevention Technique. Omnibender - Talk - Contributions 16:33, March 25, 2013 (UTC)
Oh, I haven't bothered to check the chapter, didn't expect the anime to add such a thing, then yes, perhaps it's the attack prevention technique, but wouldn't that mean a deletion of this article?--Elveonora (talk) 18:03, March 25, 2013 (UTC)
Deletion of what article? Omnibender - Talk - Contributions 18:25, March 25, 2013 (UTC)
Hiding in rock, since that's not even canon and there appears to be no difference between that and this anime-only floor instance. It either stays hiding in rock or we change it to Attack Prevention Technique. If it weren't rock that time, I would even say that this is wood clone's power to merge with trees--Elveonora (talk) 18:52, March 25, 2013 (UTC)
Nope, Hiding in Rock would not be deleted. That technique exists by itself in the anime, explicitly named, used by other anime-only characters, and the thing Yamato's wood clone came out of after planting trackers on Team Samui was a rock wall, not trees. At most, we'd stop listing Yamato as a Hiding in Rock user, and that would be changed to an anime only technique. Omnibender - Talk - Contributions 19:47, March 25, 2013 (UTC)
Then yes, so I suggest we remove Yamato as a user and change the picture to an usage by those filler guys, while we add him to attack prevention or another similar canonical technique--Elveonora (talk) 19:57, March 25, 2013 (UTC)
Probably, but not immediately. I still intend to watch that arc, or at least the episode the image in that jutsu's article comes from, just to make sure that there was no mention or indication of the technique when Yamato supposedly used it. Omnibender - Talk - Contributions 23:17, March 25, 2013 (UTC)
Okay, thank you for your effort and cooperation and a response this late I guess, no idea what time is it in your place atm but in here it's late so good night to you ._.--Elveonora (talk) 23:27, March 25, 2013 (UTC)
Ok, honestly, listening to everything, I believe that Attack Prevention Technique is the best thing to say. It's less speculative than mayfly, plus it's plausible. I mean, Orochimaru and Yamato have had similar training, plus the effects of both techniques are similar in the anime. So yeah, I vote for Att. Prev. Technique. It's our best bet at this point. Mind if I make the corrections?JaZZBaND (talk) 00:25, March 26, 2013 (UTC)
First someone has to check the episode in case that Yamato's usage actually wasn't stated to be this technique, then changes can be made--Elveonora (talk) 14:46, March 26, 2013 (UTC)
I don't think that Yamato used the mayfly technique I believe that it was the hiding in the rock technique --ROOT 根 (talk) 20:24, April 27, 2013 (UTC)
Life and Stamina
Yamato's DNA is completely identical to that of Hashirama's. He has his Wood Release, and etc. That is stuff we already know. But, is it safe to assume he has the stamina and life force that is also granted by Hashirama's DNA and cells? Personally, I would like to add it to his page, if you all don't have any problems with it. JaZZBaND (talk) 03:23, June 9, 2013 (UTC)


text: Photo zooms unavailable for this product Han Cholo The Indian Chief Ring in Brass Plated Silver $56.00 THIS ITEM IS OUT OF STOCK Want to know if it comes back in stock? SUBMIT Preparing your subscription Thank you for signing up, you will get an email when the product is back in stock. Shop Rings or Shop Han Cholo Please enter a quantity. Sorry, you've requested more of this item than is available.


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The sixth national netball championship ends today at the National Stadium in Dar es Salaam with the host team, Taifa Queens assured of emerging second from title holders Malawi.
Taifa Queens have lost one match, against Malawi. They won against Lesotho 57-13, lost to Malawi 34-30 and beat Zambia 37-33.
With South Africa missing, the tournament sanctioned by the International Netball Federation (IFNA) offers a considerable chance for the host to improve on the international rankings.
Joel Mwakitale, the vice president of the Africa Netball Associations, said that each win at the championship gives the team a chance of gaining more points for the IFNA rakings.
"Any win at the tournament organized by IFNA counts at the rankings, whose latest standings are expected to be released soon," he said.
Six teams are competing in the event, namely Lesotho, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Botswana and hosts Tanzania. Uganda was disqualified from the event for alleged government involvement in the running of netball activities in that country, while Namibia did not turn up due to financial challenges its association is facing.
Meanwhile, the government has advised sports associations to involve the National Sports Council (NSC) and also to form a strategic plan as a blueprint for preparations if they are to get government assistance for international events in which they are hosting.
Dr Fenela Mukangara, the Minister of Information, Youth, Sports and Culture made this appeal when officiating at the opening of a five-day in Dar es Salaam. She said sports associations should stop seeking to involve the government at the last minutes of preparations for international tournaments.
She said sports associations should start involving the government whenever they want to host international tournaments, urging sports associations to bring up ambitious plans.
They should also operate professionally for the corporate world and the government to help them financially, the minister maintained.
"You must involve the government in whatever you are doing. Formulate plans as to what your objectives are for a specific period of time, and how you are going to achieve that with a good strategic plan. It becomes easier to convince the government to assist the sports organization involved," she said.
The minister assured sports associations in the country of government support, noting that the government values the importance of sports in uniting people of different races and its importance in the economic and social development.
Dr Mukangara also praised the country's netball association (Chaneta) for hosting the international championship which ends today. The body needs to be commended by all sport loving Tanzanians, she added.


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Mark Martin, driver of the #55 Aaron's Dream Machine Toyota, poses after winning the pole during qualifying for the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series Subway Fresh Fit 500 at Phoenix International Raceway on March 1, 2013 in Avondale, Arizona. (Photo Credit: Jared Wickerham/Getty Images)
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FORT WAYNE (www.incnow.tv) - Down by as many 14 in the second half, IPFW rallied by holding Miami of Ohio without a field goal for a seven-minute span, and used Mario Hines' lay-in with two seconds left to claim a 57-56 homecoming win Saturday night.
The biggest crowd to watch the Dons at home in two seasons, 3,033, saw Joe Edwards lead a balanced attack with ten points, while Hines, Frank Gaines, and Michael Kibiloski each had nine, Kevin Harden eight, and Isaiah McCray seven.
Miami was led by Will Felder with 15 points.
The Mastodons return to action on Wednesday at Valparaiso.
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Advani's Hindutva Doctrine and Indian Muslims
It's sad that many parties claiming to be secular are propping up BJP rule in India for some short-term gains.
January 13 (The Independent)--Some people call the Indian Deputy Prime Minister Lal Krishna Advani the future Prime Minister of India. Indian Deputy Prime Minister L.K. Advani said in the early part of this month that Hinduism is opposed religious extremism. People of India, including the neighboring countries, will only laugh at it. "Let's understand that India is secular because the culture, tradition and history of India-whatever you call it, Indianness, Hindutva (Hinduism) cannot accept this kind of religious fundamentalism," Advani said in an interview on Star television.
Advani's statement came two days after Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee, in a new year message to the country, said secularism and Hindutva were not opposing concepts.
The controversy over the Mandir-Masjid issue has raised its ugly head again, thanks to the observation of Indian Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee recently to the effect that the Hindus and Muslims could come to an agreement by which a Ram temple could be built on the disputed site in Ayodhya while a mosque could come up at an alternative site. Somehow, the reverse possibility did not seem to occur to him.
Certain Muslim organizations have been cogently insisting that the Masjid be rebuilt on the same site at Ayodhya. In principle, this is a valid demand both legally and morally. But it is not a practicable solution for the reason that such a move is sure to incite the Sangh Parivar to resume mayhem and violence.
Vajpayee says construction of a Ram Temple at Ayodhya is in keeping with the "national sentiment." The three statements--by Mr. Thackeray, Mr. Singhal and Mr. Vajpayee--send a chill down one's spine. Where are these leaders of the Hindutva leading India? Can India remain a secular democratic country under them? It is sad that many parties claiming to be secular are propping up BJP rule in India for some short term gains.
Advani said that there was no major threat of religious extremism in his country. Then someone asked a question. Asked if Hindutva would be an issue in elections polls in several states this year, Advani said the emphasis would be on security and development. But he added that if other parties accused his right-wing Hindu Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP) of being communal, then the BJP would not shy away from reopening the debate on the issue.
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this wiki
- Ros: "We do things differently here, Daisy. This isn't some five-copper bawdy house in Hastings Hall."
- Daisy: "Haystack Hall."
- Ros: "Wherever you're from."
- — Ros giving Daisy a tour of the brothel.[src]
Daisy is a recurring character in the second season. She is played by guest star Maisie Dee and debuts in the "The North Remembers." Daisy is a prostitute in the brothel owned by Lord Petyr Baelish.
Daisy is a prostitute originally from Haystack Hall, in the Stormlands.
Season 2
She is a new prostitute in the brothel owned by Lord Petyr Baelish. She is learning about the brothel from Ros, impressed by the upmarket decor, and thinks that Armeca is beautiful. She is present when the infant Barra is killed by Lord Janos Slynt in front of her mother Mhaegen.[1]
Daisy is sleeping with Grand Maester Pycelle when he is arrested by Tyrion Lannister for espionage. Tyrion pays her for her troubles.[2] Tyrion later hires Ros and Daisy as a present for his nephew King Joffrey Baratheon. They wait for him in his chamber. When he arrives Ros wishes him a happy name day and then reaches for his crotch. He flinches and then instructs Ros to touch Daisy. He asks if Ros can hit Daisy and she spanks her gently. Joffrey asks if Tyrion sent them and Ros says that Tyrion chose them himself. Joffrey takes off his belt and gives it to Ros to use. He forces Ros to hit Daisy hard enough to make her scream. He hands Ros a stag's head sceptre and she protests that too much pain will spoil the pleasure. He loads his crossbow as Ros warns him that his uncle might find out. He tells Ros that he wants Tyrion to find out and orders her to take Daisy to Tyrion's chambers to show him what has happened or she will also be beaten. He aims the crossbow at Ros and orders her to begin.[3]
|Season Two appearances
|The North Remembers
|The Night Lands
|What is Dead May Never Die
|Garden of Bones
|The Ghost of Harrenhal
|The Old Gods and the New
|A Man Without Honor
|The Prince of Winterfell
|Valar Morghulis
In the books
In the A Song of Ice and Fire novels, there is no character of this name. When Tyrion arrests Grand Maester Pycelle, he is in bed with a maid, but she is never named.
|Season 1:
|Season 3:
Gendry · Locke · Rast · Martyn Lannister
|Show-exclusive new characters:
Alton Lannister · Reginald Lannister · Copper King · Silk King · Spice King · Malakho · Myranda · Violet


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Central Park
Wreath Interpretations
Thursday, December 12, 2013
9:00 a.m.–5:00 p.m.
This event repeats every week on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday between 12/5/2013 and 1/9/2014.
Please note: This event has already taken place. Please use the Search options on the right to find upcoming events.
NYC Parks celebrates the holiday season with its 31st annual exhibition of unique, unconventional wreaths. A diverse selection of 46 fine artists, horticulturalists, designers, and other spirited contributors enliven this ageless holiday symbol. Materials such as neck ties, rat traps, acorns, and recycled plastic bags are used to examine themes as diverse as zombie apocalypses to water conservation. This exhibition is sure to be an imaginative and enjoyable experience this year's holiday season.
This event is free and open to the public.
Event Organizer
Art & Antiquities
Contact Number
(212) 360-8163
Contact Email
Related Links
Directions to Central Park
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- Your Chance To Visit The Hallett Nature Sanctuary
- NYC Parks Hosts Central Park Tour: Southern Welcome Tour
- Hawk Released In Central Park
- Exhibition: Chroma Botanica: Ellie Irons & Linda Stillman
- Central Park Tour: The Art of the Park
- Hallett Nature Sanctuary
- Exhibition: Chroma Botanica: Ellie Irons & Linda Stillman
- Central Park Tour: Mid-Park Welcome Tour
- Baseball Fields
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