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We want to do the right thing and buy compact fluorescent and LED lightbulbs. But, in our high visibility decorative fixtures, it's often a stretch from an aesthetic point of view.
Many of us feel that we compromise the quality of light, as well as the overall visual effect of our lighting elements. Meet Plumen, the worlds first designer energy saving light bulb.
Designed by Samuel Wilkinson, Plumen uses 80% less energy than the traditional incandescent light bulb, reducing energy costs, and reducing the impact on the environment. It lasts 8 times longer than a traditional incandescent bulb.
The name of the new bulb comes from "plume", which is a birds show feather, designed to attract attention to their beauty. I do think these lumens are worthy of their name. Certainly an interesting alternative to the typical fare. When you think about it, the glass rods of a compact fluorescent fixture can be created in any form. So, why are there only three on the market? Plumen is a welcome beacon. "The Plumen light bulb screws into any standard bulb fitting, gives off a warm white light and will work either shaded or even better, completely naked". Plumen
Until recently, Plumen could only be purchased in Europe in 220V. Now, these bulbs can be purchased for use in the United States in a 120V version as well. Checkout the Plumen website for ordering details. http://www.plumenshopus.com
Some key specifications follow.
- 11 Watt
- 680 Lumen
- Screw Cap (E26 or E27)
- Equivalent to 60 W Incandescent Light bulb
- Lifetime: 8,000 Hours
- Non-Dimmable
- Color Temperature: 2,700 kelvins
- Lamp Dimensions: 192mm x 100 x 91mm
- Energy Label
- Switching Cycles: More than 10,000
- Warm-Up Time: Less than 30 seconds
- Mercury Content: Less than 5mg
Tags: architecture, Compact Florescent, design, Energy efficient Lightbulb, FLOR, Incandescent Lightbulb, Plumen


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Worming chickens that are laying eggs so you do not have to discard the eggs is one of the questions asked very frequently here at Dark Eggs Daily. One of the best answers I can give is Pumpkins.
Yes your left over Halloween pumpkins, especially the seeds.
Our good friends over at The Backyard Chicken Coop wrote a very good article on using Pumpkins as a natural organic wormer for your chickens
It is that time of year to grab all of the pumpkins you can find. Most of the roadside stands and markets will gladly let you load up on all of the left over Halloween pumpkins that are left.


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Party. Rinse. Repeat.
Cottage Floral Mason Jar Sippers, Box of 12
Sip away!
Adorable for kids parties and casual chic for grown-up celebrations, our glass drinking jars and straws will set your table setting apart! Includes 12 8 oz. jars with daisy perforated metal lids and 12 sturdy multi-color paper straws. Party. Rinse. Repeat!
Glassware dishwasher safe, lids hand washing recommended, straws disposable/compostable/recyclable. Glassware 3 1/2" H x 3" W, Straws 7 3/4" H.
Make sure to keep extra of our colorful Stripey Straws on hand! And for a great value, check out our Mason Jar Sippers Party Kit for 12, all the stylish, eco-responsible ACME basics you'll need for a fabulous party.


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Made of durable oiled beechwood, these finely crafted wood sketchboxes have an open wooden interior with one divider, making them perfect for carrying paints and other accessories.
An oiled wood palette tucks neatly away in the box lid. Leather handles make them easy to transport.
™ Mabef is a trademark.


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FREE PERSONALIZATION on ornaments
and FREE SHIPPING when you buy 5 or more!
Each Christmas Ornament Personalized with a Name or Special Greeting from you!
When you buy 5 or more items!Learn more >>
- Activities
- Advent Calendars
- African American / Ethnic
- Angel
- Anniversary, Wedding & Engagement
- Baby
- Birthstone
- Christmas Stockings, Tree Skirts & More
- College and University
- Diannes Gift Ideas
- Easter
- Expecting Moms/Couples
- Fairy Tales and Nursery Rhymes
- Fall and Halloween
- Family
- Food & Drink
- For Her
- For Him
- Glass Ball
- Glass Ornaments
- Graduation
- Grandparents
- Holiday Plaques
- Home
- Kids
- Made in America
- Made in Europe
- Memorial
- Music
- Occupations
- Patriotic
- Pets and Animals
- Picture Frames
- Piggy Banks
- Religious
- Santa & Snowman
- Snow Globes
- Space & Technology
- Sports
- Table Decorations
- Teachers and School
- Transportation
- Vacation and Travel
- Valentine
- Western
Review this product!
Personalized Christmas Ornament$13.95
Car enthusiasts rejoice! This chrome wheel is a great ornament for a race car driver, vintage car owner or mechanic, this black rubber tire ornament can be personalized in so many different ways. This decoration is entirely made out of glass and the rim on this tire really shines like hand polished chrome that a car lover takes great pride in showing off when he washes his car. Personalization will appear across the top of the tire and across the bottom of the tire. Commemorate a trip to the NASCAR races or the Indy 500 for a keepsake of the heart pounding excitement of the cars whizzing around the track.
Material: Glass


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BOSTON (AP) — As churches paused to mourn the dead and console the survivors of the Boston Marathon bombing Sunday, the city's police commissioner said the two suspects had such a large cache of weapons that they were probably planning other attacks. The surviving suspect remained hospitalized and unable to speak with a gunshot wound to the throat.
After the two brothers engaged in a gun battle with police early Friday, authorities found many unexploded homemade bombs at the scene, along with more than 250 rounds of ammunition.
Police Commissioner Ed Davis said the stockpile was "as dangerous as it gets in urban policing."
"We have reason to believe, based upon the evidence that was found at that scene — the explosions, the explosive ordnance that was unexploded and the firepower that they had — that they were going to attack other individuals. That's my belief at this point." Davis told CBS's "Face the Nation."
On "Fox News Sunday," he said authorities cannot be positive there are not more explosives somewhere that have not been found. But the people of Boston are safe, he insisted.
The suspects in the twin bombings that killed three people and wounded more than 180 are two ethnic Chechen brothers from southern Russia — 19-year-old Dzhokhar Tsarnaev and his 26-year-old brother, Tamerlan. Their motive remained unclear.
The older brother was killed during a getaway attempt. The younger brother, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, was still in serious condition Sunday after his capture Friday from a tarp-covered boat in a suburban Boston backyard. Authorities would not comment on whether he had been questioned.
Sen. Dan Coats of Indiana, a member of the Senate Intelligence Committee, said Tsarnaev's throat wound raised questions about when he will be able to talk again, if ever.
The wound "doesn't mean he can't communicate, but right now I think he's in a condition where we can't get any information from him at all," Coats told ABC's "This Week."
It was not clear whether Tsarnaev was shot by police or inflicted the wound himself.
In the final standoff with police, shots were fired from the boat, but investigators have not determined where the gunfire was aimed, Davis said.
In an interview with The Associated Press, the parents of Tamerlan Tsarnaev insisted Sunday that he came to Dagestan and Chechnya last year to visit relatives and had nothing to do with the militants operating in the volatile part of Russia. His father said he slept much of the time.
The younger Tsarnaev could be charged any day. The most serious charge available to federal prosecutors would be the use of a weapon of mass destruction to kill people, which carries a possible death sentence. Massachusetts does not have the death penalty.
Across the rattled streets of Boston, churches opened their doors to remember the dead and ease the grief of the living.
At the Cathedral of the Holy Cross in South Boston, photographs of the three people killed in the attack and a Massachusetts Institute of Technology police officer slain Thursday were displayed on the altar, each face illuminated by a glowing white pillar candle.
"I hope we can all heal and move forward," said Kelly McKernan, who was crying as she left the service. "And obviously, the Mass today was a first step for us in that direction."
A six-block segment of Boylston Street, where the bombs were detonated, remained closed Sunday. But city officials were mapping out a plan to reopen it.


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Georgian Court Collection by ELK Lighting
The Georgian Court Collection by ELK Lighting will give your home a stately appeal. Bring your love of historic looks into your home decor with these distinctive pieces. Each item features an antique bronze and dark umber finish with amber glass shades. Choose from chandeliers, pendants, an elegant wall sconce, and semi-flush or flush-mount options.


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Find a local Racingline dealer:
Media & Downloads
Download exclusive VWR content, mobile and desktop wallpapers and see the exciting VWR race cars in action.View media now >>
Milltek Sport Volkswagen Racing Cup 2015
Come and join us in the Volkswagen Racing Cup, where all the action happens!
Launched in 2000, (so celebrating it's fifteenth anniversary this year), the Milltek Sport Volkswagen Racing Cup is widely regarded as the most exciting saloon car championship in the UK. For 2015, we are yet again the only saloon support race in the prestigious British GT Championship package.
The good news is that we are expecting 2015 to be the most successful year in the Championship's history. We've got an exciting new-look for the cars and a fantastic new title-sponsor in Milltek Sport. There are new cars in-build, new teams and new drivers joining us, from novices to Touring Car drivers. We expect to have full grids all year, making the Milltek Volkswagen Racing Cup by far the most successful manufacturer-backed race championship in the UK.
What makes the Volkswagen Racing Cup unique? Well, if you are like us, you'll enjoy a bit of variety in your motorsport. So, instead of being a 'one-make' championship where all the cars are identical, we encourage as much variety of Volkswagen as possible, all racing together.
The regulations are pretty innovative: we put all cars together into a single class based on power to weight ratios. This variety of machinery, representing Volkswagens of all types, has made for one of the most colourful and diverse grids in motorsport, and is always a real hit with spectators.
We have a beautiful race centre for drivers, teams and our guests to make the most of at every weekend, with high quality catering to make sure everyone enjoys their time away from the racing as much as the action on the track.
The double and triple-header race format of the racing features seven weekends in the UK and Europe. For 2015, we will again be repeating our visit to the legendary Spa Grand Prix circuit in Belgium – always a favourite with drivers, fans and teams.
High standards of driving and presentation befitting a championship with manufacturer backing and television coverage are expected of all participating drivers and teams. But above all, the Volkswagen Racing Cup remains a friendly championship where team spirit and camaraderie in the paddock count for more than on-track heroics.
For more information about races and events visit our dedicated Championship website via the link below. There is information on how to get started, about the teams who offer 'Arrive and Drive', information on cars for sale, plus of course all the details you may ever want to know.
We hope you'll join us at a round or two in 2015!
- All compatible Volkswagen cars
- All compatible Volkswagen group cars


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1 Products Found
Serta SmartReact Sunview Firm MattressOur Sunview Firm mattress features Serta's exclusive Cool Reaction™ Gel Memory Foam designed to smartly react with an advanced DuoCore™ Individually Wrapped Coil System to provide you with the right pressure relief and support for a comfortable night's sleep. These technologies are combined with the familiar look and feel of a traditional firm mattress. This mattress is a Sleep Train exclusive!
Price is for MATTRESS ONLY. Bed set and foundation in images are sold separately.$1,699.99 - $2,499.98


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[Adobe] [Digital Publishing Platform] [Digital Publishing with Colin Fleming] [Quick Tip: Shortcut to Folio Producer] Hi, I'm Colin Fleming. I'm Adobe's Digital Publishing Evangelist. I'm going to talk about a new little shortcut I discovered in the update to the Folio Builder Panel, released on the tenth of November. So, I'm working in InDesign, and I'm going to open the Folio Builder Panel. You can see that I've already logged into it, and one of the things that I'm always doing is talking about the connection between the Folio Building Panel and the Folio Producer, which is part of the BPS dashboard. So the new shortcut I just noticed is on the panel menu for the Folio Builder. If I come on down here and I choose Folio Producer, I go from the panel in InDesign straight to the Folio Producer in the Digital Publishing Suite online. What I'm really liking about this is I don't have to sign in. Because I signed in over in the Folio Builder Panel, I sign with the same ID in this jump to the DPS dashboard. And I don't know if you can tell, but I'm pretty excited about this. I really like this smooth bit. It's just something a little small--beautiful little tidbit, and I hope it really helps you a lot. Have fun with it. Ciao. [Adobe, Adobe.com/digitalpublishing]
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About This Episode
Learn a quick shortcut from the Folio Builder Panel to Folio Producer tools.
Runtime : 00:01:28 Added : 11/14/2011
About this show
Learn Digital Publishing Suite: Single Edition
Stay on top of the latest developments for Single Edition customers. Watch this show to learn tips and tricks for effectively developing inspirational publications.
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The Power of Independent Thinking
Is Wal-Mart Good or Bad for America? A Debate
Recorded: Tuesday, May 8, 2007
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Wal-Marts detractors argue that Wal-Mart reduces living standards, hurts retail trade, disrupts communities, and relies on government programs to provide healthcare for many of its workers. Is Wal-Mart a force for good or evil?
Experts: Ken Jacobs, Richard K. VedderType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Business, Labor and Employment, Regulation and Deregulation
Bureaucracy vs. The Environment: What Should Be Done?
Recorded: Wednesday, June 28, 2006
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Environmental quality has been a major public concern since the first Earth Day in 1970, yet the maze of environmental regulations enacted since has fostered huge government bureaucracies better known for waste and failure than for innovation and success.
Experts: Carl P. Close, Michael Shaw, Randy T SimmonsType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Environment


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Catalog search
In this section
- M.S. Program in Nursing
- Post-Masters Certificate in Pediatric Nurse Practitioner
- Family Nurse Practitioner
- Post-Masters Certificate in Family Nurse Practitioner
- Certificate in Nursing Administration
- Certificate in Nursing Education
- Courses in Nursing
Catalog links
Chair: Catherine Alicia Georges (Building T-3, Room 209)
Director of Graduate Studies: Eleanor Campbell
Department Faculty: Professors: Keville Frederickson, Catherine Alicia Georges; Associate Professors: Linda Scheetz, Martha Velasco-Whetsell; Assistant Professors: Eleanor Campbell, Brigette Cypress, Cassandra Dobson, Alsacia Pacsi , Ivreen Robinson, Scott Saccamano, Mary G. Tesoro; Clinical Assistant Professor: Gina Miranda-Diaz; Lecturers: Alice Akan, Theresa Lundy; Chief College Lab Technician: Marcia Brown
The Department of Nursing offers graduate programs in Advanced Nursing, Parent-Child Nursing, Adult Health Nursing, Nursing of Older Adults, Pediatric Nurse Practitioner and Family Nurse Practitioner as well as Post-Masters certificates in Nurse Education, Nurse Administration, Pediatrics and Family Nurse Practitioner. Creative and individualized programs of study are used to meet academic requirements and career objectives of graduate Nursing students. Students elect one functional area: nurse administrator, nurse educator, clinical specialist, or the practitioner (pediatrics and family). The programs lead to a Master of Science degree and prepare nurses for advanced practice with a variety of clients in community and health settings. Graduate Nursing students attend classes and seminars on Lehman's campus in the Northwest Bronx. They also have access to selected graduate offerings in other units of the City University. Clinical experience is provided in a variety of settings throughout the metropolitan and tristate area. These include hospitals, community and mental health centers, and other facilities where health care is provided. The graduate nursing program is fully accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education.
Last modified: 8/4/2015


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There are 77 results - Show results on a map Print this page
Showing 51 - 60 of 77
Dating back to 1896, this fascinating building has character in abundance and is located a short stroll from the harbour and shops. Every effort is made to ensure a stay is enjoyable; assistance is re...More about The Robin Hill
The Meadfoot Bay Guest House is a family-run guest house situated in the Meadfoot conservation area, just north of Torquay harbour, and only 200 metres from a delightful Blue Flag beach. Rooms vary in...More about Meadfoot Bay Guest House
This elegant detached Victorian villa has been sensitively refurbished to provide impressive levels of quality and comfort, while retaining many original period features. Service and hospitality are h...More about Carlton Court
Set in sub-tropical gardens with views over the bay, this splendid Victorian villa has been lovingly restored. The comfortable bedrooms are brightly decorated and vary in size and style. There is a sp...More about The Elmington
This Grade II listed, 16th-century converted corn mill stands in its own grounds and is a good base for touring Dartmoor. Spacious family rooms are available as well as a lounge and a bar. All meals a...More about Furzeleigh Mill
While this hotel mainly caters for visually impaired guests, their families, friends and guide dogs, it offers a warm welcome to all. This establishment is a listed Victorian building set in six acres...More about Cliffden Hotel
Conveniently situated within easy access of the A38, this Grade II listed building was formerly a woollen mill. Very much a family home, there is a relaxed and welcoming feel here with every effort ma...More about Gages Mill Country Guest House
This hotel enjoys a pleasant and convenient location right on the harbourside, a short stroll from the town's attractions. Bedrooms, some with harbour views, vary in size. Entertainment is provided ...More about Regina Hotel
Boasting a stunning riverside location with its own marina, this is a very special place to stay. Bedrooms vary in style, all have wonderful views, and some have private balconies where you can sit an...More about The Dart Marina Hotel
The Norwood is just a short walk from the seafront, town centre and Conference Centre. All the individually decorated bedrooms are en suite and four-poster rooms are available. There are excellent cho...More about The Norwood


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Your little girl is an angel, so why not dress her as one? The White and Gold Angel Costume for Toddlers features a dress, halo, and wings. The sleeveless white satin dress has sheer sequin covered cap shoulders, neckline, and peplum. There's gold detailing on the front as well as a gold star on the center of the chest. The white marabou halo is attached to a headband. The shiny gold fabric wings attach to the back of the shoulders. Tights and shoes are sold separately. Your girl will look and feel heavenly when she wears the White and Gold Angel Costume for Toddlers. She'll want to dance around and pretend she's flying on a cloud. You can even get a little angel harp as a prop for her to carry. She's going to love wearing this angel costume on Halloween and during playtime.
Our Price: $4.97
Our Price: $21.96
Our Price: $3.97


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I have narrowed it down to two outfits. What do you think? Please comment below and let me know which you think I should wear.
Old Navy cardigan, same pants, pear necklace, Steve Madden wedges, black belt.
I don't know if I like the black belt with this.
I could wear either of these with black pants, black, gray, or white belts, and a myriad of shoes. I don't want to wear heels because I don't know what kind of walking this entails and I would hate to fall on my face!
The fashion show is tomorrow night so any comments now would be great. I think I am leaning towards #1 but my husand votes for #2.
Remember: If you don't have something nice to say- don't say anything at all!!
I will be linking up to "What I Wore Wednesday" at the Pleated Poppy so I can get some more opinions.
Thanks, friends!


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29 U.S. Code § 795m - Savings provision
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(a) Supported employment services
(b) Postemployment services
Nothing in this part shall be construed to prohibit a State from providing discrete postemployment services in accordance with the State plan submitted under section 721 of this title by using funds made available through a State allotment under section 730 of this title to an individual who is eligible under this part.
Source(Pub. L. 93–112, title VI, § 627, as added Pub. L. 105–220, title IV, § 409,Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1216; amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, § 101(f) [title VIII, § 402(b)(18)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–414.)
Prior Provisions
Provisions similar to this section were contained in section 795p of this title prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 105–220.
A prior section 795m,Pub. L. 93–112, title VI, § 634, as added Pub. L. 102–569, title VI, § 621(a),Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4440, related to eligibility for services, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 105–220. See section 795j of this title.
Another prior section 795m,Pub. L. 93–112, title VI, § 634, as added Pub. L. 99–506, title VII, § 704(a)(1),Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1835; amended Pub. L. 100–630, title II, § 207(f),Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3313; Pub. L. 102–119, § 26(e),Oct. 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 607, provided for submission of State plans for assistance under former part C of this subchapter, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 102–569, § 621(a).
1998—Pub. L. 105–277made technical amendment in original to section designation and catchline.
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


text: In a survival situation, fire is your friend. You can use it to boil and purify water, to keep warm and calm, or to signal. To build a warming fire, collect some tinder, small wood and larger pieces of dry wood. Once you think you have collected enough wood, go back and collect some more. Place the tinder and small wood in a small pile and surround it with larger pieces in the shape of a teepee. Clear a three-foot-wide area around your fire for safety. Carry waterproof matches, a lighter, or a magnesium fire starter in your pack to always have a way of starting a fire. For signaling with fire, add green plant material to your flame - this will produce a lot of smoke.


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What is RM Cash
"Customer service is priority #1 at Rocky Mountain ATV/MC. We value our customers and strive to be the best shopping experience- when you buy from us, you are buying lifetime service."
-Dan Thomas, CEO and Founder
We take pride in offering no hassle returns. In the event of a return, please call, email or chat with us to receive a solution to the problem. For apparel that doesn't fit quite right, Click here to see our Fit Guaranteed Program.
We will stand behind all products we sell with regards to manufacturing defects in workmanship and material. Most products are limited to the manufacturer's warranty. However, we will do everything in our power to take care of the problem.
Each review submitted enters you into a $100 gift card monthly drawing, and a $500 gift card quarterly drawing!
Comments On Apr 29, 2015:Perhaps not as much grip as the Pirelli sports tyres or SportSmarts, but handles very well and predictable. I get much better grip and life than the Michelin Pures and Powers, and about 2000klm of spirited riding and track days.
Was this review helpful?
Comments On Mar 08, 2013:I am on my 5th set of these BT-003RS on my last 2 bikes (K8 GSX-R-1000 now gone) and my 2012 Kawasaki ZX10R.
I find the confidence they inspire in the DRY as AMAZING... But God help you if you carry that confidence to the WET. In the wet they are quite slippery. You could cal it predictable slip as they will slip at the slightest provocation.
As I am essentially a dry weather rider and weekend thrasher the WET side has not been and issue and pales to insignificance because in the DRY they are just so GREAT.
The Bridgestone Website shows a Usage chart on these and shows were they sit in the ROAD/TRACK/DRY/WET against the BT016 and RACE BT003 which is pretty spot on. http://www.bridgestone.com/products/motorcycle_tires/products/battlax/images/img_battlax_05.gif
Doing just Mountain runs with NO commuting I get around 4,000KM's out of a set.
I'm going to keep buying these till they stop making them I think.
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Comments On Nov 05, 2012:great tyre, but better suited to road than track use, found the rear a little slippery at max lean angle
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Comments On Mar 06, 2012:I have used 3 sets of these on my 02 zx9 around broadford and phillip island and have found them to be predictable,quick warm up and they seam to wear prety good as well.I wont be changing to anything else any time soon
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Comments On Apr 18, 2011:Great track tyre. Progressive feel - slides were predictable and controlable. Good even wear and grip.
Note: They can cool quickly if you get stuck at the dummy-grid for a while after using tyre warmers, so give them time to heat up again.
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Comments On Feb 22, 2011:Great tires, As soon as I put these tires on my 05 ZX10, I gained more confidence in the corners and in a straight line. I got caught in the rain a few times, but the traction was still there. Will buy another set in 2011...
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Comments On Aug 31, 2010:Great tire confidence inspiring very predictable with great feel.
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Comments On Jul 27, 2010:I Haven't taken them to the track yet, on the road they ball up very nice. Front end feel is great. I had been using the michelin 2ct2 these are much better.
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Tufted Bar Stool
No longer available
Raising the bar. Built from durable beech wood and covered in an easy-to-clean bicast material, our Tufted Bar Stool is a classic seating solution for islands, bars and high-top tables.
Solid wood frame.
18"w x 22"d x 44.25"h.
Covered in durable bicast material.
Assembly required.
Wipe clean.


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640 South State StreetDover, Delaware 19901
21 West Clarke AvenueMilford, Delaware 19963
401 North Carter RoadSmyrna, DE 19977
640 S. State StreetDover DE 1990121 West Clarke AvenueMilford DE 19963
301 Jefferson AveMilford, DE 19963
1275 S. State StreetDover, Delaware 19901
free radical scavengers
Antioxidants help prevent free radicals from damaging the body by neutralizing them.
A free radical is an atom or molecule that contains one or more unpaired electrons. These unpaired electrons want to bond to atoms or molecules and do so easily. The body is damaged during this bonding process. Individuals are exposed to many things that will create free radicals such as radiation, environmental toxins, and tobacco smoke. The body also generates free radicals when it converts fat to energy.
Antioxidants come in many forms including enzymes, vitamins, and minerals. Below is a partial list.
Coenzyme Q-10
Glutathione peroxidase
Methionine reductase
Superoxide dismutase (SOD)
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin E
Minerals (these are not antioxidants on their own, but work with oxidative enzymes):
Ginkgo biloba
Grape seed extract
Green tea extract
Antioxidants have been studied to evaluate their impact on cancer, cancer prevention, heart disease, arthritis, and diseases associated with aging such as macular degeneration. The results of these studies have been mixed. Some studies have shown an increase in lung cancer among smokers who took beta carotene. Another recent study showed that selenium and vitamin E supplements did not decrease the risk of prostate cancer, and that men taking vitamin E alone had an increased risk of prostate cancer. It is not known if taking synthetic antioxidant supplements have the same effect on the body as eating foods rich in these substances. The Women's Antioxidant Cardiovascular Study (studying women 45 years and older) found that vitamin C, vitamin E, or beta-carotene had no beneficial effect on preventing heart disease or stroke in women under 65, but it did decrease risk in women 65 and older.
Antioxidants, especially vitamin C, vitamin E , and carotenoids, may delay the onset of macular degeneration. Macular degeneration is an eye disease and a leading cause of blindness in individuals over age 65. The macula is the portion of the retina responsible for our sharpest and most acute vision.
Antioxidants interfere with these disease processes by stopping free radicals.
Please note that this section reports on claims that have NOT yet been substantiated through scientific studies.
Researchers agree that antioxidants from fruits and vegetables do reduce the risk for many diseases and affect the onset of age-related illnesses. However, evidence concerning the intake of antioxidants from supplements has not been conclusive. The benefit of taking antioxidants derived from supplements varies among studies.
Antioxidants come in a variety of forms and dosages. Consult the package label and your physician for guidelines.
Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should consult a physician before taking any dietary supplements.
The side effects of antioxidants vary, depending on the individual antioxidant.
There are no significant food or drug interactions associated with antioxidants.
Bayhealth is Southern Delaware's healthcare leader with hospitals in Dover and in Milford. Bayhealth provides a wide range of medical services, including cardiovascular, cancer, orthopaedics and rehabilitation, pediatrics, respiratory care, sleep care, surgical weight loss and women's services.


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For Aprilaire series 500, 600, and 700 humidifiers that use the Automatic Digital Humidifier Controls (#56 and #58). This device will initiate HVAC fan operation when there is a call for humidity, even when there is no heat call. Use this relay in applications where humidifier operation is required beyond a call for heat, e.g. when installed on a heat pump or during times of the year where there is a need for humidity but not a need for heat.
Note: Aprilaire recommends that a humidifer is plumbed to hot water when using this relay.
Helpful Links and Documents About the Aprilaire 4851
Aprilaire 4851 Wiring Recommendation


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22 U.S. Code § 4309a - United States responsibilities for employees of the United Nations
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(a) Findings
The Congress finds that—
(1) pursuant to the Agreement Between the United States and the United Nations Regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations (authorized by Public Law 80–357 (22 U.S.C. 287 note)), the United States has accepted—
(A) the obligation to permit and to facilitate the right of individuals, who are employed by or are authorized by the United Nations to conduct official business in connection with that organization or its agencies, to enter into and exit from the United States for purposes of conducting official activities within the United Nations Headquarters District, subject to regulation as to points of entry and departure; and
(2) taking into account paragraph (1) and consistent with the obligation of the United States to facilitate the functioning of the United Nations, the United States has no additional obligation to permit the conduct of any other activities, including nonofficial activities, by such individuals outside of the United Nations Headquarters District.
(b) Activities of United Nations employees
(1) The conduct of any activities, or the acquisition of any benefits (as defined in section 4301 (a)(1) of this title), outside the United Nations Headquarters District by any individual employed by, or authorized by the United Nations to conduct official business in connection with, that organization or its agencies, or by any person or agency acting on behalf thereof, may be permitted or denied or subject to reasonable regulation, as determined to be in the best interests of the United States and pursuant to this chapter.
(2) Repealed. Pub. L. 103–236, title I, § 139(26),Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 399.
(c) Reports
The Secretary shall report to the Congress—
(1) not later than 30 days after August 16, 1985, on the plans of the Secretary for implementing this section; and
(d) United States nationals
This section shall not apply with respect to any United States national.
(e) "United Nations Headquarters District" defined
For purposes of this section, the term "United Nations Headquarters District" means the area within the United States which is agreed to by the United Nations and the United States to constitute such a district, together with such other areas as the Secretary of State may approve from time to time in order to permit effective functioning of the United Nations or missions to the United Nations.
Source(Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 841, title II, § 209A, as added Pub. L. 99–93, title I, § 141,Aug. 16, 1985, 99 Stat. 423; amended Pub. L. 103–236, title I, § 139(26),Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 399.)
References in Text
Public Law 80–357, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is act Aug. 4, 1947, ch. 482, 61 Stat. 756, which is set out as a note under section 287 of this title.
1994—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 103–236struck out par. (2) which read as follows: "The Secretary shall apply to those employees of the United Nations Secretariat who are nationals of a foreign country or members of a foreign mission all terms, limitations, restrictions, and conditions which are applicable pursuant to this chapter to the members of that country's mission or of any other mission to the United Nations unless the Secretary determines and reports to the Congress that national security and foreign policy circumstances require that this paragraph be waived in specific circumstances."
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


text:
Search Swinburne Research Bank
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/227344
- Title
- Bacterial ghosts as adjuvant particles
- Author(s)
- Riedmann, Eva M.; Kyd, Jennelle M.; Cripps, Allan W.; Lubitz, Werner
- Abstract
- The development of more advanced and effective vaccines is of great interest in modern medicine. These new-generation vaccines, based on recombinant proteins or DNA, are often less reactogenic and immunogenic than traditional vaccines. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of new and improved adjuvants. Besides many other immunostimulatory components, the bacterial ghost (BG) system is currently under investigation as a potent vaccine delivery system with intrinsic adjuvant properties. BGs are nonliving cell envelope preparations from Gram-negative cells, devoid of cytoplasmic contents, while their cellular morphology and native surface antigenic structures remain preserved. Owing to the particulate nature of BGs and the fact that they contain many well known immune-stimulating compounds, BGs have the potential to enhance immune responses against ghost-delivered target antigens.
- Publication type
- Journal article
- Source
- Expert Review of Vaccines, Vol. 6, no. 2 (Apr 2007), pp. 241-253
- Publication year
- 2007
- FOR Code(s)
- 1103 Clinical Sciences
- Keyword(s)
- Bacterial ghosts; DNA; Recombinant proteins; Vaccines
- Publisher
- Expert Reviews
- 1476-0584
- Publisher URL
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2007.
- Peer reviewed


text:
Important Notice
- Away Ticket Membership Scheme 2011/2012 Season - Now closed to existing and new member applications.
If you were previously an Away Ticket Scheme member - we would like to advise that the deadline to renew has now passed.
We regret that we are no longer accepting 'New Member' applications from Platinum, Gold or current Travel Club members to join the Away Ticket Membership Scheme for season 2011/2012.
All members who applied to join the Away Ticket Membership Scheme for this coming season 2011/2012 will be notified on Monday 18th July 2011 by email.
If you would like to join the Away Ticket Scheme for next season 2012/2013 please apply in writing & we will place you on a waiting list (please quote your Platinum, Gold or current Travel Club number in your application).
Please be advised in advance, when writing to join the Away Ticket Membership Scheme that it does mean you purchase the 19 Barclays Premier League Away Fixtures, and FA Cup up-to & including the 6th Round.
Away Ticket Scheme Department
'Waiting List'
Arsenal Box Office
Highbury House,
75 Drayton Park,
Copyright 2016 The Arsenal Football Club plc. Permission to use quotations from this article is granted subject to appropriate credit being given to www.arsenal.com as the source


text:
worthing wrote:im not a stooge...
Callonia wrote:I remember that thor guy, he's going to be afraid of shade or something i think.
asxlen64 wrote:looks like thor, but actually his name is heracles, or for those who didnt study greek mythology, HERCULES
Romdeau wrote:Does anyone else notice whenever I post in a thread anywhere around these forums, the 3 Stooges are not far behind to follow up and somehow comment?
I'm starting to feel like I have my own little personal court that follows me around and squawk at whatever I say. Not naming any names, of course.
fargone wrote:Johnny's teacher asked little Johnny to use contagious in a short story. "Don't swear this time Johnny" he said.
Johnny stood up in front of the class and spoke in his best voice.
"My father and I were watching an online card game attempt to improve it's site, it's business model, and its overall goodwill with it's customers. After watching for some time, my father turned to me and said, "It's gonna take that contagious to reach his goals at this rate."
GonFreeces31 wrote:fargone wrote:I realise this is completely off topic, but Icy deserves the limelight more than others. Some of whom dominate the forums with their endless posts.
What, I make legit points too...
wakka9ca wrote:Well I hope we can get them by the end of the year
Return to Alteil General Discussion
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text:
The Big Book of Sharks (Paperback) Book
For a week every summer for the last 25 years, millions have been glued to their TV screens, mesmerized by Discovery Channel's Shark Week programming. THE BIG BOOK OF SHARKS captures the excitement of Shark Week between 2 covers-with spectacular photos, intense stories, and endlessly fascinating information about these mysterious and deadly creatures. From terrifying Great Whites to bizarre Goblin Sharks to rare pre-historic species, every page features jaw-dropping photography and amazing revelations about shark extremes, behavior, attacks, and more. Five pull-out posters complete the package for shark fans of all ages.
- Author: Jack Silbert
- Publisher: Time Home Entertainment Inc
Read MoreLess
More Details
- Includes: 5 posters
- Language: English
- Number of Pages: 128 pages
- Packaging: Soft cover- includes 5 posters
- Release Date: 07-03-2012
5.05.0(3 reviews)See all 3 reviewsWrite a Review
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I bought this book for my 5 year old grandson. When he stayed at my home it was nice to hear him say when he woke up - Grandpa can we read the shark book again. Usually he asks for the I pad or TV remote
- Easy To Read
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Best Uses
- Gift
- Reference
- Travel Reading
- Younger Readers
Comments about this product:
Very pleased with the book. Informative, great pictures,and easy to read. Enjoy reading all information about the different types of sharks. The posters are a great addition. Would recommend to family and friends.
- Breathtaking pictures
- Deserves Multiple Readings
- Easy To Read
- Engaging characters
- Informative
- Page-Turner
- Well Written
- None
Best Uses
- Gift
- Older Readers
- Reference
- Teeange readers
- Travel Reading
- Younger Readers
Comments about this product:
Awsome...I bought mine at[@]it came w/out posters but still the same amazing features... :)


text:
Rose Glitch Jacquard: Side Flounce Mini Skirt
This contemporary piece finishes at a mini length with a low waisted fit and asymmetric flare starting at the hip. Custom designed jacquard, inspired by a digitally enhanced rose, woven in Italy with a silk blend composition incorporating elements of steel grey metallic and ice pink. Exposed metal zip closure at side. Fully lined.
Italian textiles. Designed and made in Australia.
New Classic Shirting: Sleeveless Shirt
Masculine inspired, this classic sleeveless shirt features a new slim-line collar and concealed button closure down center front. Italian textiles.
Designed and made in Australia.
Also available in Light blue/White.
New Basic: Tee
This basic cotton fitted tee features subtle waist shaping, semi fitted sleeves and curved hems. A perfect layering piece and wardrobe staple.
Italian textiles. Designed and made in Australia.
Also available in White.


text: The top-two finishers out of each Grand National Championship (GNC) heat race battle it out in the Dash for Cash - A four lap sprint race where the winner scores $1,000. Following that, the starting lineup for the GNC main event gets filled by semi-final races. The top-three finishers from each semi-final race advance into the main event.


text: These shoes are in overall gently loved condition. There are several light scratches on the leather. The outsoles show heavy signs of use. The insoles are clean. They ship with a designer box. RETURN POLICY: Shoes may be returned in the condition received. They must be in the original box and/or packaging with the security tag attached.


text:
Newly crowned IBF African Champion Francis Cheka has declared not to fight again against Mada Maugo on grounds of the latter's lack of sportsmanship.
Cheka, who has floored Maugo twice before posting his third victory over the weekend, says Maugo has failed to admit defeat all the times he loses a match.
Beside Maugo's failure to concede defeat, Cheka says he has been unjustly branded as a boxer who banks heavily on superstition instead of his competence in the ring.
"I feel disappointed by Maugo who thinks witchcraft has a role to play during our fights while overlooking our differences in boxing competence", says Cheka.
Cheka says there is no need to have any more fight against Maugo even if it means to surrender his IBF title. According to IBF regulations, Cheka is supposed to defend his title within six months.
Cheka said it has been ordinary habit for people to make false pledges or promises then resort to a U-turn, his stance against fighting Maugo stands and is for real.
"I don't think there is someone to convince me in having a rematch with Maugo anywhere, anytime from now on", says disappointed Cheka.
Cheka says there is a need to respect whoever wins a bout as long as the game was staged and decided on the basis of the rules and regulations governing the relevant sport.
The IBF champion goes on to say that boxers like any other sportsmen in the world have their peak time and have their weak and strong points against their opponents.
Cheka wondered if Maugo would have uttered the critics had he posted at least one win during their three times meeting on the ring.
Maugo claimed to have experienced excessive dizziness throughout during their latest IBF fight.
In related development, the IBF has congratulated Cheka for wining the title but insisted he must defend it within six months period.
The IBF made clarification on the title Cheka won as IBF Africa Continental and not inter continental title as reported by some of the media in the country.


text:
May 6, 2016
ARDMORE, Okla. -- Mayor Bob Guerin was among several people who put their taste buds to the test during a chili cook-off today.
It was all part of a United Way fundraiser. Workers from Valero cooked up their best bowls of chili, which were judged by Mayor Guerin.
Ardmore chamber president Wes Stucky and United Way director Tobi Ervin were on hand as well.
The event raised over $1,700.
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text:
For more than 50 years, Panasonic has delivered American consumers with innovations for the home and business. Panasonic's consumer electronics and technology products include digital cameras, ruggedized Toughbook® laptop computers, communications solutions, networkable office solutions, security systems, components and information systems. Their R&D, quality control and experience have consistently placed them at the forefront of the industry delivering surveillance solutions to clients of all sizes.
Panasonic's operations in North America include R&D Centres, manufacturing bases and their Customer Call Centre. This means that if you need assistance with any of their product range there is always an office near you and friendly efficient support staff on the other end of the phone.
Panasonic Security Systems
Tel: (800) 528-6747 Opt. 2Support:firstname.lastname@example.com
VideoComm Technologies has started a revolution in security surveillance with their advanced wireless technology. Wireless video transmission eliminates the costs associated with running wires over long distances or difficult to reach locations. This presents new opportunities to protect lives, property and assets in ways that have been impractical in the past. VideoComm Technologies is ready to meet almost any CCTV application you can imagine from large scale high powered systems spanning distances of up to 200 miles to small networks covering a few hundred feet they have a product that will reliably free your system from the restrictions associated with running wires.
VideoComm Technologies is the recognized market leader in wireless video transmission technologies, products and technical support. They know their products inside out so when it comes to pre and after sale service you can't do better than the best and that's what VideoComm deliver.
For warranty information click here: http://www.videotransmitters.com/What-is-the-warranty-policy-with-VideoComm-products
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Tel: (888) 379-2666
Fax: (905) 336-9662
For over 50 years Speco Technologies have dedicated themselves to providing the latest innovation in video surveillance and electronic accessories. They have committed themselves to providing cost effective, dependable products for all areas of the industry from DIY to major professional installations and stock a wide range of cameras along with microphones and other accessories all selected for their quality, reliability and ease of use.
At Speco Technologies it not just about the product it's about the people and they pride themselves on delivering exceptional customer service, and offering extensive product training along with technical and marketing support.
For warranty information click here: http://www.specotech.com/warranty.html
Speco Technologies
Tel: (800) 645-5516 Opt. 3
Fax: (631) 957-3880
- Revolutionary Pre-configured "Plug & Play" Design
- Embedded 2-Wire RS-485 PTZ / Data Control
- Transmits D1 Quality (720 x 480)
- Range up to 200 Floors
- 9-CH FHSS Digital Immunity to Signal Interference
- Wide range of image modes
- Built-in Image and Distortion Correction
- Approx. 3.1 megapixels
- High Resolution (1080p Full HD images to 30fps)
- Intelligent Resolution Technology
- 3.6mm lens, color
- 1/3" Sony Super HAD II™ color CCD
- 700 TV lines of resolution
- 92° corner mount camera
- Perfect for elevators, hallways, etc.
- 1/3" Sony Super HAD II™ CCD
- 700 TV lines of resolution
- Vandal resistant 90° corner mount camera
- Heavy duty housing is built to withstand blows from a 10 lb. sledgehammer
- 1/2" Interline Transfer CCD
- Minimum Illumination 0.008 lux (B&W)
- 540 TVL Resolution
- Auto Back Focus
- Adaptive Digital Noise Reduction
- Auto Back Focus allows easy installation and stable focus in both color and B/W modes
- Adaptive Digital Noise Reduction ensures reduced noise in various conditions
- Peak mode enables appropriate light control to represent sharp bright object
- Video Motion Detector
- Day/Night input and alarm output terminals
- 1/3" Interline Transfer CCD / 650 TVL
- Adaptive Black Stretch Technology
- Auto-Image Stabilization
- Electronic Shutter / Motion Detection
- Adaptive Digital Noise Reduction
- 1/3" interline transfer CCD captures NTSC videos at a high resolution up to 650 TVL
- 2x digital zoom
- Minimum illumination of 0.08 lux in color and 0.05 in B/W modes at F/1.4 for low-light surveillance
- Privacy masking allows you to mask up to 8 user programmable zones of a scene for privacy reasons
- Motion detection feature triggers an alarm in case of any movement in a designated portion of the video display
- 1/3" Interline Transfer CCD
- 650 TVL / IR Cut Filter
- Low-light Sensitivity (0.008 lux in B/W)
- Electronic Shutter - 1/100 to 1/120000
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- 1/3" interline transfer CCD offers 650 TVL in low-lit conditions (0.08 lux)
- Adaptive Black Stretch technology increases the visibility of subjects in dark areas of a video scene without degrading image quality in the brighter areas
- IR cut filter automatically removes unwanted light to give true color images
- Electronic shutter speed ranging from 1/100 (NTSC) to 1/10,000 sec
- 2x digital zoom
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- Digital zoom: Up to 2x
- Auto Image Stabilizer for applications where vibration or wind is a concern
- Internal synchronization
- Over the coaxial cable data communication
- Super Dynamic 6 technology delivers 160x wider dynamic range compared to conventional cameras
- High resolution: 650 TV lines
- ABS (Adaptive Black Stretch) enhances visibility of dark area without degrading image quality in bright area
- Focus Assist ensures easy installation
- Various adjustment features including ATW (Auto Tracing White Balance) and ALC (Automatic Light Control)
- 36x Optical Zoom / 650 TVL Resolution
- Sensitivity of 0.04 lux (B&W) at F1.4
- 360° Panning / No Blind Spots
- Adaptive Digital Noise Reduction
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- 1/3" Interline Transfer CCD Sensor
- 2.8-12mm Varifocal Lens
- Minimum Illumination - 0.04 lux
- Super Dynamic 5 Function
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- Panasonic POC504L5 outdoor fixed day/night camera package with WV-CP504 camera, 5-50mm lens & housing
- Day/Night Outdoor Fixed Camera
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- Model WV-NW502S-09
- Chip Size 1/3"
- Type 3 Megapixel Day/Night
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- Minimum Illumination 1.0 lux (1.3 megapixel mode), 2.0 lux (3.0 megapixel mode) color / 0.08 (1.3 megapixel mode), 0.01 lux (3.0 megapixel mode) B/W
- Model WV-NW502S-15
- Chip Size 1/3"
- Type 3 Megapixel Day/Night
- Connectivity IP
- Minimum Illumination 1.0 lux (1.3 megapixel mode), 2.0 lux (3.0 megapixel mode) color / 0.08 (1.3 megapixel mode), 0.01 lux (3.0 megapixel mode) B/W
- Model WV-NW502S-22
- Chip Size 1/3"
- Type 3 Megapixel Day/Night
- Connectivity IP
- Minimum Illumination 1.0 lux (1.3 megapixel mode), 2.0 lux (3.0 megapixel mode) color / 0.08 (1.3 megapixel mode), 0.01 lux (3.0 megapixel mode) B/W
- 0.32 Megapixel high sensitivity MOS sensor
- Full frame (up to 30 fps) transmission at VGA 640 x 480 image size
- Face Detection function detects the position of the human face and the information is sent by XML or video stream
- ABS (Adaptive Black Stretch) technologies deliver 128x wider dynamic range
- High sensitivity w/ Day & Night (Electrical) function: 2.0 lx (Color), 1.3 lx (B/W) at F2.9
See any errors on this page? Let us know.


text:
Daytona Beach, FL (Sports Network) - NBC Sports is back with NASCAR, starting
in 2015.
Officials from NASCAR and NBC Sports Group announced on Tuesday they have
reached a 10-year agreement that grants NBC the exclusive television rights to
the final 20 Sprint Cup Series races, the final 19 Nationwide Series events,
select NASCAR regional and touring series races and other live content from
2015-2024. Financial terms of the agreement were not disclosed.
NBC will replace ESPN and TNT's coverage of NASCAR. FOX Sports will televise
the first 16 Sprint Cup points-paying races, including the season-opening
Daytona 500, before NBC takes over. TNT wrapped up its six-race coverage of
Sprint Cup earlier this month at New Hampshire Motor Speedway. ESPN's Cup
season begins with the Brickyard 400 this weekend at Indianapolis Motor
Under the agreement, NBC will become the exclusive network for the
championship Chase in NASCAR's premier series. It will be the first time NBC
covers the 10-race Chase since 2009.
Of NBC Sports Group's 20 Sprint Cup races, seven will be carried on NBC
annually. NBC Sports Network will air 13 of them. The 19-race package for
Nationwide includes four on NBC and 15 on NBC Sports Network.
"NBC is known for being an exceptional partner and delivering outstanding
production quality and presentation of live sports, as well as its broad
portfolio of broadcast and digital properties, so we are thrilled with the
commitment they have made to NASCAR and its future," NASCAR Chairman and CEO
Brian France said. "We know this partnership will yield great value to our
entire industry, provide a premium experience to our most important
stakeholders, the fans, and help us achieve a number of strategic growth
"Our new partnership with NBC and the recent extension by FOX validate the
strength of our fan base and the many bold steps we have taken the last
several years to provide fans with better, more accessible racing."
NBC's coverage of select Chase races in the fall will lead into the network's
"Sunday Night Football."
"Acquiring the rights and bringing NASCAR back to NBC comes at an important
point in time for NBC Sports Network, NBC and all of our distributors and
affiliates," NBC Sports Group Chairman Mark Lazarus said. "We look forward to
working with Brian (France) and his management team, who have brought a
renewed focus to NASCAR's intersection of sports and technology."
In addition to its coverage of Sprint Cup and Nationwide races, NBC has
obtained exclusive rights to practice and qualifying sessions for the
network's national series events during their portion of the season, as well
as rights to broadcast the NASCAR K&N Series, NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour,
NASCAR Toyota (Mexico) Series, the NASCAR Hall of Fame induction ceremony and
NASCAR's season-ending awards banquet.
Furthermore, NBC has been granted Spanish-language rights, certain video-on-
demand rights and exclusive TV Everywhere rights for its Sprint Cup and
Nationwide races.
"We are excited about the cross-promotional opportunities NBC provides,
especially in the timeframes right before NBC's NASCAR schedule and during the
Chase," NASCAR VP of Broadcasting and Productions Steve Herbst said. "We're
confident NBC will utilize its powerful 'Championship Season' lineup,
including the NHL Playoffs, Premier League, the French Open, the Kentucky
Derby and other events, to build interest and excitement for NASCAR.
"Those opportunities, combined with the opportunity to lead into the number
one show on television - NBC's Sunday Night Football - for select Chase races,
were both very attractive prospects when considering this partnership."
The Sports Network


text:
May 6, 2016
Heavy smoke from a forest fire on Friday is causing some possible road closures in Gulf County.
Officials from the Gulf County Sheriff's Office say they anticipate the possible road closures on State Road 71 from County Road 381 to County Road 387 because of heavy smoke.
If SR 71 does close down, anyone going between Wewahitchka and Port St. Joe will need to take a different route such as County Road 386 to and from Highway 98.
The sheriff's office plus the Florida Highway Patrol will be monitoring the conditions throughout the night.
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text:
Scott McCollum
Member Profile
Scott McCollum
Scott joined BillingTree in 2007. As President he oversees the strategic direction of the Phoenix-based payment processing company. He is active in the day-to-day operations of the company and provides oversight on the company's initiatives. His primary focus includes extending the company's reach and client base through sales direction and relationship management as well as corporate strategy development.
Prior to joining BillingTree, Scott served as President of Sales and Marketing for Access Corporation where he successfully developed and implemented overall sales and marketing strategy. While at Access, Scott also sat on the board of directors. Scott has served on the ACA vendor advisory committee and has been involved in developing strategic integration partnerships with most major accounts receivable related companies for the past 10 years.


text:
this wiki
- If you are looking for the ice-cream version of the Boxville, see Mr Tasty.
The Brute Boxville is a multi-stop truck or walk-in delivery van featured in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City, Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories, Grand Theft Auto IV and Grand Theft Auto V.
3D Universe
Resembling a Chevrolet or GMC Step Van that ranges from the late 1970s to the early 1990s.
HD Universe
The body resembles a Ford/Utilimaster step van. It is still the heaviest delivery van in all the GTA games. The vehicle is now manufactured by Brute.
3D Universe
The Boxville's speed and handling is largely the same as any large vehicle, going 111 mph with poor steering due to its weight.
HD Universe
In GTA IV, the vehicle has become even heavier, slower, and harder to turn at high speeds. The Boxville comes back in GTA V with a much stronger engine, which appears to be a V8 turbo-diesel. It also handles like a truck and has a truck horn; therefore it is considered "Industrial" instead of a "Van".
Burglary Boxville
GTA San Andreas features a specialized variant of the Boxville, referred officially as a Boxville, named internally in game files as a "boxburg" (a possible short form of "Boxville Burglary"), and unofficially dubbed the "Boxville Black" or "Black Boxville".
Differences from a standard Boxville include its unique dark gray body color and a quieter engine (using the same engine audio same as a Pony). The van is integral to the game's burglary sub-missions that take place at night, and is prominently used in one mission where Carl Johnson has to steal Colonel Fuhrberger's weapons for Ryder before sunrise.
GTA Vice City
- Commonly spawns in Viceport and Escobar International.
GTA San Andreas
Standard Boxville
- Commonly spawns in industrial districts and seaports in major cities, as well as rural areas.
- Sometimes seen in the parking lot behind the Well Stacked Pizza in Blueberry and Red County.
Boxville Black
- Across the street from the gym in Ganton, Los Santos, between the blue row of houses across from where Denise lives.
- Behind the building across from the fire station in Doherty, San Fierro.
- Behind the building closest to the southeast freeway exit in Pilgrim, Las Venturas.
GTA Vice City Stories
- Parked in front of Printing Works.
- A special black and white Boxville can be obtained after you complete the mission Domo Arigato Domestoboto.
GTA IV + Episodes from Liberty City
- Common around Acter Industrial Park.
- Common around Bohan Industrial in Bohan.
- Commonly spawns in a small garage lot on Nickel Street, just under the overpass of Galveston Avenue. Spawns in the same position online as well.
- Usually seen at the Port of Los Santos.
- A Humane Labs and Research variant can be obtained during the preparation of The Jewel Store Job if the player has choosed the 'smart' approach.
- The Boxville can be found in Rockstar North's Manhunt in the form of a police utility van for the Carcer City Police Department.
- The Boxville plays the following radio stations by default when entered:
- GTA San Andreas: Radio Los Santos.
- GTA IV: San Juan Sounds.
- A white Boxville can be found in Rockstar Vancouver's Bully. It is a parked vehicle and plays no part in the storyline.
- Claude Speed is seen using a vehicle similar to a Boxville in the short film for GTA 2.
- In San Andreas, the front license plate of the Boxville used in Home Invasion reads "SWAG" when damaged.
- The Boxville has a tendency to fall over in sharp turns. this is a huge flaw, since the vehicle is used as a getaway vehicle in some missions throughout the series.
- After collecting all thirty cars for Stevie, he agrees to purchase cars from Niko Bellic, with the Boxville fetching $1,800.
- In GTA IV the Boxville has a unique NPC that drives it. It usually is a delivery man character.
- In the BradyGames guidebook for GTA V, the Boxville is listed twice.


text:
Meg Ryan, Carrie Fisher, Bette Midler, Eva Mendes, Jada Pinkett-Smith, Debra Messing in The Women
Captain America: Civil War: Trailer 1
The Jungle Book
The Huntsman: Winter's War: Trailer 3
Barbershop: The Next Cut: Trailer 2
Money Monster: Trailer 1
Movies.com, the ultimate source for everything movies, is your destination for new movie trailers, reviews, photos, times, tickets + more! Stay in the know with the latest movie news and cast interviews at Movies.com.
Copyright © 2016 FANDANGO MOVIES.


text:
May 5, 2016
The 1,700 marines of the 22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit will begin returning to North Carolina Thursday after more than 10 months away on duty in Northern Africa and Europe.
The 22nd supported operations off Libya, trained in Dijibouti, and also with Spanish and Romanian marines. Marines flying AV-8B Harrier jets will be among the first to return today to Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, while amphibious landing craft are returning tomorrow to New River Air Station.
Hundreds of other marines will return Saturday and Sunday to Camp Lejeune.
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text:
The HVY Airtug is an airport tug featured in Grand Theft Auto IV.
The Airtug, a low-power tug available only within the tarmacs of Francis International Airport (FIA), appears to be a replacement for the Baggage Handler featured in the GTA III Era, as well as the similarly designed Tug. As usual, the Airtug, being property of the FIA, features FlyUS livery.
Like the Baggage Handler, the Airtug's performance is ranked as one of the poorest in the game. Its weaker engine means that its speed is considerably slow, but makes up for with good acceleration and moderately good cornering due to its low speed and light weight. The Airtug's compact size may also be used to the advantage of the player as it can squeeze through tight spaces, such as gaps between rocks and staircases. The Airtug may also seat up to two occupants.
The Airtug's open design, however, makes any of its occupants highly vulnerable to gunfire, and is generally unstable for multiplayer gameplay as a result, especially during Deathmatches or Free Mode (unless for fun only). Unlike the Baggage Handler in Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, it can no longer be used to tow the luggage carts or towbars in the airport. The Airtug has an incredibly quiet engine, possibly being an electric vehicle.
An easy way to obtain the Airtug without getting a wanted level is to go into the airport using a cop car, which will buy the player enough time to get one and leave without triggering the four stars. Players should enter the barricaded entrance just south of the main terminal, then turn right through another barricaded entrance onto the tarmac proper. Turning left into normal traffic flow and following the marked lines will lead the player to an Airtug without arousing suspicion, and leave the player with enough time to take the Airtug and drive it back out into the public roads.
- The three default radio stations in the Airtug are Integrity 2.0, WKTT Radio and PLR.
- Driving an Airtug around the Francis International Airport will cause Airtugs to spawn in the parking lot outside and very rarely spawn in traffic.
- Although bearing no manufacturer names, police radio chatter indicates that the Airtug is manufactured by HVY.
- When Niko enters and exits the Airtug, he will open and close the "door" of the Airtug, even though there is no doors on the Airtug, possibly due to an animation error.


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For Emergency Response Dial 9-1-1
To Report a Non-Emergency Crime Dial 456-2233
The Air Support Unit was established in 2005 when the United States Army donated to the Spokane County Sheriff's Office a Bell OH-58 helicopter, designated "Air - 1". Since then, the Air Support Unit has provided valuable search and rescue, fugitive searching, fire suppression, surveillance, homeland security critical infrastructure checks, natural disaster damage assessment, and patrol services to the Inland Northwest.
As the only local law enforcement helicopter operated in the region, the Air Support Unit has been used throughout the Inland Northwest in locations as far away as Chelan County, Walla Walla County, Kootenai County, Stevens County, Whitman County, Lincoln County, Yakima County, and Klickitat County. The Air Support Unit is located at Felts Field.
Air-1 is equipped with Forward Looking Infra Red (FLIR), which allows the air crew to detect heat on the ground. FLIR can be used to locate both missing people and hiding fugitives. Air-1 is also equipped with night vision goggles, a 30 million candle power search light, and GPS moving map system. In addition, Air-1 is equipped with a microwave downlink which transmits live video from the helicopter to the Mobile Command Vehicle. The microwave downlink allows police and fire staff to see real-time video from the helicopter, and make timely decisions based on what they see. Air-1 is capable of carrying up to four people.
The Air Support Unit pilots are a safe and committed group of volunteers with thousands of hours of experience. These experienced and professional aviators have backgrounds in flight instruction, military aviation, air medevac, and airborne law enforcement. These volunteers are available around the clock for emergency call outs, and provide a valuable service to their community.
The Tactical Flight Officers are comprised of Deputies for the Spokane County Sheriff's Office. Tactical Flight Officers are all assigned additional duties within the Spokane County Sheriff's Office when not on an airborne mission. Tactical Flight Officers are responsible for operating all of the law enforcement equipment including FLIR, search light, and law enforcement radios.
Air-1 is used during peak times for priority calls, and is also available on an on-call basis around the clock. In 2011, Air-1 received 55 call-out requests, responded to 583 calls for service, and was involved in over 90 arrests. Air-1 was also the first unit to arrive on scene in over fifty percent of the calls it responded to.
1100 West Mallon
Spokane, WA 99260
Map & Directions


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Isthmian-Atlantic moist forests
Source: WWF
Covering the lowland Atlantic versant at chiefly below 500 metres elevation in southern Nicaragua, northern Costa Rica, and most of Panama, the Isthmian-Atlantic moist forests represent the epitome of wet, tropical jungle. This forest ecoregion evolved from unique combinations of North American and South American flora and fauna, which came together with the joining of these continents around three million years before present.
The ecoregion is classified to be within the Tropical and Subtropical moist broadleaf forests biome. Currently, much of this ecoregion has been converted to subsistence and commercial agriculture. The Isthmian-Atlantic moist forests exhibit a high level of species richness, with 1021 vertebrate taxa alone having been recorded here, with a particularly vast assortment of amphibians, many of which are endemic or near endemic; moreover, among the amphibians there are representatives of anuran, salamander and caecilian taxa.
Bocas del Toro, Panama. Photograph by David Olson
Location and general depiction
This ecoregion located at the juncture of Central and South America. Condensation over the warm land produced by moisture-laden air from the Caribbean Sea colliding with the mountains produces constant high humidity and precipitation. Annual rainfall ranges from about 2500 millimetres (mm) in central Panama to over 5000 mm in southern Nicaragua. These forests are distinguished from the cooler subtropical Central American Atlantic moist forest ecoregion to the north by their distinct geologic history and consistent annual temperatures above 24°C.
Until recent geologic times, the isthmus south of central Nicaragua was discontinuous, volcanically active and topographically and environmentally diverse. Basalt bedrock is the parent material of the residual and often unconsolidated soils covering the hilly areas of this ecoregion. Old alluvial terraces form the base of the swamp forests and flat lands in the lowest elevations and near the Caribbean Sea coast. The northern section of this ecoregion is formed of a wide, relatively flat alluvial plain, with a gradual elevation change from sea level to 500 metres in elevation, while south into Panama, steep slopes rise up from the Atlantic Ocean, significantly narrowing the ecoregion to only five to ten kilometres in width.
This ecoregion is characterised by a lush, high canopy tropical evergreen forest of huge buttressed trees reaching 40 metres (m) in height, and an associated rich epiphytic flora. The palm component includes many sub-canopy and understory species. Abundant subcanopy palm species are Amargo Palm (Welfia regia), Walking Palm (Socratea exorrhiza), and in permanently flooded areas, Raphia taedigera. Seasonal swamp forests occur in the lowest and flattest areas in Nicaragua and northern Costa Rica, particularly along the coastal zone, where they grade into mangrove forests. In these swamp forests, Gavilán Tree (Pentaclethra macroloba) dominates the canopy, along with Caobilla (Carapa nicaraguensis). The Almendro (Dipteryx panamensis) and the Monkey-pot Tree (Lecythis ampla) are two notable canopy emergents, although both are diminishing in populations; moreover, they are regional endemic trees of the lowlands, below 250 m in elevation.
Biodiversity characteristics
Honduran white bat. Photo: David Olson
While biologically quite diverse, this ecoregion exhibits low levels of endemism. The high species richness is derived in great part from the mixing of North and South American floras and faunas on this land bridge. At least 1021 vertebrates have been observed her. The resident fauna, including butterfly, reptilian, amphibian, avian, and mammalian taxa are generally wide-ranging representative species of a wet tropical forest ecoregion that extends from southern Mexico to northern South America. Strict endemism among fauna is almost non-existent: between 80 to 100 percent of the mammalian taxa found in northern Costa Rica also occur in Panama, Nicaragua, Honduras, and Colombia. However, a number of restricted range bird species are shared with the Central American Atlantic moist forests ecoregion to the north, together forming an Endemic Bird Area. The Caribbean versant is a major migration route; neotropical and altitudinal migrants comprise about thirty percent of the avifauna, particularly against the foothills.
Few large expanses of primary rainforest remain intact, occurring only in large reserves, particularly the Indio-Maiz Biological Reserve (approximately 400,000 hectares) along Nicaragua's coast and in eastern Panama along La Amistad International Park. These blocks retain nearly all vertebrate species of the ecoregion, including most large predators, although increasing isolation threatens their long-term viability. While small in areal size, the 1500 hectare La Selva Biological Station in northeastern Costa Rica hosts permanent populations of large predators such as the Jaguar (Panthera onca) and herbivores like Baird's Tapir (Tapirus bairdii), probably because of its biological corridor connection to the upper montane forests of Braulio Carrillo National Park.
In fact, this connection represents the last Central American intact gradient of primary forest from near sea level to 2900 metres elevation. Tortuguero National Park, along the Caribbean coast of northern Costa Rica, acts as an isolated refuge to many species (as does Barra de Colorado Wildlife Refuge); however, enforcement of protection remains a challenge in both areas. Logging and clearing of remaining forests threaten many species of slow-growing trees, such as the Almendro and Monkey-pot Tree. The Atlantic lowlands and middle elevations contain some of the rarest butterfly species in Central America and some of the world's highest butterfly species richness. There are numerous special status taxa that are found in the Isthmian-Atlantic moist forests, denoted as Near Threatened (NT), Vulnerable (VU), Endangered (EN), or Critically Endangered (CR).
Well camoulflaged Bob's Robber Frog. Source: Andrew J. Crawford /CalPhotos/EoL A considerable number of amphibian taxa occur in the ecoregion. Endemic anurans to the Isthmian-Atlantic moist forests include the Misfit Leaf Frog (Agalychnis saltator), which breeds in swamps, but lives mostly in the tree canopy; the Tilaran Robber Frog (Craugastor mimus); Diasporus tigrillo and the Cross-banded Treefrog (Smilisca puma), found only on the Caribbean versant of Costa Rica and Nicaragua. A further endemic frog to the ecoregion is the Rio Changena Robber Frog (Craugastor jota), narrowly limited to Río Changena, Provincia Bocas del Toro, Panamá. Other anuran species found here are: Veragua Robber Frog (Craugastor rugosus), a nocturnal anuran whose ova are laid in leaf litter; Agua Buena Robber Frog (Diasporus vocator), whose breeding occurs in bromeliads; Noble's Robber Frog (Craugastor noblei); Pygmy Robber Frog (Pristimantis ridens), who deposits eggs in leaf litter; La Loma Robber Frog (Pristimantis caryophyllaceus), whose eggs are deposited on leaf surfaces where the female broods them; Limon Robber Frog (Pristimantis cerasinus); Almirante Robber Frog (Craugastor talamancae), a small sexually dimorphic frog found in leaf litter; Leopard Robber Frog (Pristimantis pardalis), a nocturnal frog found only in Panama and Costa Rica; Atlantic Robber Frog (Craugastor andi); Evergreen Robber Frog (Craugastor gollmeri); Mountain Robber Frog (Pristimantis altae), found only in Costa Rica and Panama among bromeliads and leaf litter; Isla Bonita Robber Frog (Craugastor crassidigitus); White-spotted Cochran Frog (Cochranella albomaculata); Spiny Cochran Frog (Cochranella spinosa), usually found in shrubs overhanging streams where ova are laid on leaves; Paramba Cochran Frog (Centrolene prosoblepon), who breeds in streams within primary forests; Sabinal Frog (Leptodactylus melanonotus), who breeds in foam nests within burrows; Splendid Leaf Frog (Cruziohyla calcarifer), whose ova are laid in water filled tree crevices; Lemur Leaf Frog (Hylomantis lemur), a species who lays eggs on plants overhanging water; Spurrell's Leaf Frog (Agalychnis spurrelli), whose extensive webbing aids in arboreal gliding; Blue-sided Leaf Frog (Agalychnis annae EN), a limited range taxon found only in northern Cordillera de Talamanca, Cordillera de Tilarán and Cordillera Central, Costa Rica and possibly western Panama; Bob's Robber Frog (Craugastor punctariolus), a west-central Panama endemic.
Other anurans found here are: Smoky Jungle Frog (Leptodactylus pentadactylus), often found near swamps and other lotic waters; Peralta Frog (Lithobates taylori), whose eggs attach to aquatic vegetation; Boquete Rocket Frog (Silverstoneia nubicola), found from a single locale in southwestern Costa Rica and adjacent western Panama into eastern Panama in lowland and premontane zones to the Pacific coast of western Colombia, south to Valle de Cauca; Talamanca Rocket Frog (Allobates talamancae), usually found near fast flowing streams; Rainforest Rocket Frog (Silverstoneia flotator); Pratt's Rocket Frog (Colostethus pratti) and Pristimantis museosus.
Treefrogs found in the ecoregion include: Yellow Cricket Treefrog (Dendropsophus microcephalus), associated with marshes and lagoons; Zetek's Treefrog (Isthmohyla zeteki), whose larvae develop in bromeliads; Volcan Barba Treefrog (Isthmohyla picadoi), whose larvae develop in bromeliads; Veined Treefrog (Trachycephalus venulosus), a canopy dweller; Coronated Treefrog (Anotheca spinosa), who lays eggs in bromeliads and water cavities of trees; San Carlos Treefrog (Dendropsophus phlebodes), that breeds in shallow ephemeral grassy pools; Rosenberg's Treefrog (Hypsiboas rosenbergi ), who breeds in a shallow depression constructed by the male in the riparian zone; Sipurio Snouted Treefrog (Scinax elaeochrous), an arboreal frog often found at the canopy top; Red-eyed Treefrog (Agalychnis callidryas); Veragua Cross-banded Frog (Smilisca sordida), found in bromeliads or rocky streams; New Granada Cross-banded Treefrog (Smilisca phaeota); Panama Cross-banded Treefrog (Smilisca sila); Mahogany Treefrog (Tlalocohyla loquax); Lancaster's Treefrog (Isthmohyla lancasteri), whose ova are deposited on leaves overhanging surface waters; Cope's Brown Treefrog (Ecnomiohyla miliaria); Hourglass Treefrog (Dendropsophus ebraccatus); La Loma Treefrog (Hyloscirtus colymba), who breeds in swift creeks and whose larvae cling to rocks by a sucking oral disk; Boulenger's Snouted Treefrog (Scinax boulengeri), occurring from the Caribbean versant of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama to the Pacific versant from Costa Rica to Ecuador; and Mexican Treefrog (Smilisca baudinii).
There are many Robber Frogs within the Isthmian-Atlantic moist forests, including: Fleischmann's Robber Frog (Craugastor fleischmanni), a Costa Rican endemic; Bransford's Robber Frog (Craugastor bransfordii), whose range is restricted within eastern Nicaragua to central Costa Rica; Fort Randolph Robber Frog (Pristimantis gaigei), often found in caves or along rocky riparian zones; Canal Zone Treefrog (Hypsiboas rufitelus), found along the Atlantic versant from eastern Nicaragua to the Panama Canal Zone; Caretta Robber Frog (Diasporus diastema).
Further anurans found in the ecoregion are: Central American Rainfrog (Craugastor rugulosus); Cerro Utyum Robber Frog (Craugastor podiciferus), found on both versants of the cordilleras of Costa Rica and adjacent western Panama; Warszewitsch's Frog (Lithobates warszewitschii); Turbo White-lipped Frog (Leptodactylus poecilochilus), an adaptive taxon even found in urban zones; Tungara Frog (Engystomops pustulosus), whose males call at night while floating; Grainy Cochran Frog (Cochranella granulosa), who deposits eggs in plants overhanging streams; Mitred Toad (Rhinella margaritifera); Blackbelly Toad (Rhaebo haematiticus), who breeds in rocky pools; Veragoa Stubfoot Toad (Atelopus varius), a Panama endemic, virtually extirpated in Costa Rica; Cerro Utyum Toad (Crepidophryne epiotica), found only in Costa Rica and Panama; Gulf Coast Toad (Incilius valliceps); Southern Roundgland Toad (Incilius coccifer); Evergreen Toad (Incilius coniferus); Wet Forest Toad (Incilius melanochlorus), who breeds in sizable streams; Cane Toad (Rhinella marina); Granular Toad (Rhinella granulosa); Nicaragua Narrowmouth Toad (Gastrophryne pictiventris), an ecoregion endemic; Green-striped Glass Frog (Hyalinobatrachium talamancae), an endemic to this ecoregion; Suretka Glass Frog (Hyalinobatrachium chirripoi), whose eggs are laid on leaves overhanging streams; Plantation Glass Frog (Hyalinobatrachium colymbiphyllum); La Palma Glass Frog (Hyalinobatrachium valerioi), whose eggs are laid on vegetation overhanging waters; Fleischmann's Glass Frog (Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni), who breeds chiefly along forest streams; Chiriqui Glass Frog (Cochranella pulverata), occurring widely from Honduras to Colombia; Fitzinger's Robber Frog (Craugastor fitzingeri); Chiriqui Robber Frog (Pristimantis cruentus), narrowly found from northern Costa Rica to western Panama; Rusty Robber Frog (Strabomantis bufoniformis), seen only in climax forest; Common Rocket Frog (Colostethus inguinalis); Lovely Poison Frog (Phyllobates lugubris); Confusing Poison Frog (Ameerega maculata), a rare species seen only in Panama; Strawberry Poison-dart Frog (Oophaga pumilio), whose males are strongly territorial; Rufous-eyed Brook Frog (Duellmanohyla rufioculis); Savage's Brook Frog (Duellmanohyla lythrodes EN), known only to the Atlantic versant of eastern Costa Rica and western Panama; Vaillant's Frog (Lithobates vaillanti); Mexican White-lipped Frog (Leptodactylus labialis); Green and Black Poison Dart Frog (Dendrobates auratus), whose tadpoles devour protozoans and rotifers; Granulated Poison Dart Frog (Oophaga granulifera), whose tadpoles are transported by the female to finish metamorphosis in bromeliads; San Miguel Island Frog (Leptodactylus insularum); Horned Marsupial Frog (Gastrotheca cornuta EN), who has the largest eggs of any amphibian, carried by the female on a dorsal pouch until hatched directly to froglets; Costa Rica Brook Frog (Duellmanohyla uranochroa CR), found on both versants of the cordilleras of Costa Rica and western Panama; Costa Rica Nelson Frog (Nelsonophryne aterrima);
Varagua Caecilian. Source: Teague O'Mara /Inaturalist The rare Los Diamantes Worm Salamander (Oedipina carablanca EN) is an endemic salamander to the ecoregion, and is known from only four sites on the Atlantic versant of Costa Rica. Other salamanders found in the ecoregion are: Tapanti Mushroom-tongue Salamander (Bolitoglossa epimela), endemic to the Atlantic versant of central Costa Rica; Rio Quiri Salamander (Bolitoglossa gracilis VU); Cocle Mushroom-tongue Salamander (Bolitoglossa schizodactyla), found chiefly on the Atlantic versant of Panama (with a single specimen observed in Costa Rica); Alvarado's Salamander (Bolitoglossa alvaradoi), an arboreal salamander that is a bromeliad specialist; Colombian Worm Salamander (Oedipina parvipes), usually found amid leaf litter; Costa Rica Worm Salamander (Oedipina cyclocauda), a semi-fossorial species; Ringtail Salamander (Bolitoglossa robusta), seen only in Costa Rica and western Panama; Cukra Climbing Salamander (Bolitoglossa striatula), a taxon usually found foraging near ponds; False Cienega Colorado Worm Salamander (Oedipina pseudouniformis EN), usually found in swamps and deep forest; Gamboa Worm Salamander (Oedipina complex), who breed by direct development and is not dependent on surface waters; Limon Worm Salamander (Oedipina alfaroi VU); the ecoregion endemic Long-tailed Worm Salamander (Oedipina gracilis EN); La Loma Salamander (Bolitoglossa colonnea), found only in Panama and Costa Rica and uses a form of camoulflage making itself look like a twig.
The La Loma Caecilian (Dermophis parviceps) is a subterranean amphibian species found within the Isthmian-Atlantic moist forests in saturated soils and sometimes under fallen logs; the Mexican Caecilian (Dermophis mexicanus VU) is also found in the ecoregion. The Varagua Caecilian (Gymnopis multiplicata), found in the ecoregion, is a viviparous organism that can attain a length of up to one half metre.
An endemic reptile found in the Costa Rican part of the ecoregion is the Viquez's Tropical Ground Snake (Trimetopon viquezi). Four taxa of marine turtles are found in the ecoregion's coastal zones, including the Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas EN), who may take almost six decades to reach sexual maturity; the Hawksbill Sea Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata CR) is another marine species found here. In addition a number of freshwater turtles are found here such as the Brown Wood Turtle (Rhinoclemmys annulata LR/NT). Other reptiles found in the ecoregion include the Spectacled Caiman (Caiman crocodilus LR/NT); Cienega Colorado Worm Salamander (Oedipina uniformis NT), a limited range amphibian found only in Costa Rica along slopes surrounding the Meseta Central;
A wide gamut of tropical bird species occur in the ecoregion. Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao) and Great Green Macaw (A. ambiguus) nest in the lowland forests; moreover, the Great Green Macaw seasonally moves to higher elevations within the ecoregion. Other endangered restricted range species that migrate seasonally to this ecoregion are the Three-wattled Bellbird (Procnias tricarunculata) and the Bare-necked Umbrella Bird (Cephalopterus glabricollis).
Ecological status
Although a few large blocks of intact habitat are extant, the once vast Atlantic lowland forests have been severely fragmented in the latter twentieth and early twenty-first century. The tropical evergreen forests are among the least well represented of Costa Rica's protected areas, although large reserves exist in southern Nicaragua and eastern Panama. Only about 130,000 hectares in the lowland Atlantic zone are currently protected, and difficult economic conditions offer scant likelihood that the area under protection will be significantly expanded.
The lack of protection of the Atlantic lowlands and the heavy bias toward deforestation at elevations of less than 1000 metres contribute to the fragmentation and elimination of these forests. With gradual slopes and relatively good access, much of Costa Rica's remaining Atlantic versant forest has been intervened or exists in small fragments. Nicaragua's lack of access and the until-recently inaccessible steeper slopes of western Panama's Atlantic lowlands and foothills have left these areas relatively forested.
Ecological threat profile
Relatively level areas with alluvial soils are under banana cultivation, while the less fertile hilly basaltic soils have more recently been logged and converted to cattle pasture. New access roads, malaria control, and incentives for migration to these areas in the last few decades have encouraged settlement and resource extraction from the area. The last remaining intact forests in this ecoregion are currently under tremendous logging pressure and are being felled, rapidly. Squatting and other absence of clear property rights have resulted in unregulated destruction in many areas, despite laws in place to protect forests. Clearcutting has also been illegally conducted within many parks, including Tortuguero National Park, which now provides ready access for poachers to the once isolated second largest Green Turtle (Chelonia midas) nesting beach in the world.
While future threats in this ecoregion vary among the three countries, destruction of forest habitat through logging and conversion to cattle pasture are the most widespread and significant. Illegal logging and squatting is making inroads to the remaining large forest blocks in Nicaragua, while in the already fragmented Costa Rican forests; the principal threat is clearing for cattle production. In Panama, the Atlantic slopes are steeper and less likely to be converted to agriculture; however, new roads in this region are accelerating human settlement and cutting of accessible forests. The Mesoamerican Biological Corridor project, which enhances connectivity among the Atlantic slope habitats, offers support for new or expanded protected areas, or for payments for environmental services provided by private lands.
Justification of ecoregion delineation
The delineations for this ecoregion were derived from two separate national vegetation maps. In Costa Rica we followed the delineations of life zones by Tosi. In this case we lumped the following ecoregion of the Pacific slope catchment, south of the Central Valley: Tropical Wet Forest, Premontane Wet Forest, Tropical Moist Forest (TMF), TMF Perhumid Province Transition, and TMF Premontane Transition Belt. The western delineation is marked by the continental divide, or where it does not abut to montane forests at higher elevations. In Panama reliance is placed on the UNDP vegetation map, again, lumping the following lowland and premontane moist forest components on the southern portion of the continental divide: Tropical Moist Forest, Premontane Rainforest, and Tropical Wet Forest. The northern delineation, which separates this ecoregion from the Central American Atlantic moist forests to the north, was determined by expert opinion due to distinct species associations. This ecoregion hosts many endemic species.
Further reading
- Asociación Nacional Pro Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (ProAmbiente). 1998. Evaluación Ecológica Rápida: Corredor Biológico Talamanca-Caribe. The Nature Conservancy.
- J.R. Barborak, A. F. Carr III, and L. D. Harris. 1994. Recomendaciones para la consolidación territorial y conectividad de las áreas protegidas de Costa Rica. A. Vega, editor, Corredores Conservacionistas en la Región Centroamericana: Memorias de una Conferencia Regional auspiciada por el Proyecto Paseo Pantera. Florida: Tropical Research and Development, Inc.
- M.A. Boza. 1996. El Corredor Biológico Mesoamericano. In Informe de la reunión de la comisión técnica sectorial binacional de recursos naturales, Proyecto Binacional de Manejo y Conservación de la Reserva de la Biósfera La Amistad Costa Rica-Panamá. Boquete, Panama.
- L. Cardenal Sevilla. 1994. Informe de País Nicaragua: Diversidad y Prioridades. In A. Vega, editor. Corredores Conservacionistas en la Región Centroamericana: Memorias de una Conferencia Regional auspiciada por el Proyecto Paseo Pantera. Florida: Tropical Research and Development, Inc.
- S.D. Davis, V.H. Heywood, O. Herrera MacBryde, J. Villa-Lobos and A.C. Hamilton, editors. 1997. Centres of Plant Diversity. A Guide and Strategy for their Conservation. Volume 3. The Americas. IUCN Publications Unit, Cambridge, U.K. 562 pp.
- F. Delgado. 1985. Present situation of the forest birds of Panama. In A. W. Diamond, and T.E. Lovejoy, editors, Conservation of tropical forest birds. ICBP Technical Publication No. 4. UK: International Council for Bird Preservation. ISBN: 0946888051
- DeVries, Philip. 1987. The butterflies of Costa Rica and their natural history. Volumes 1 and 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- Dinerstein, E., et al. 1995. An Evaluation on the status of conservation of terrestrial ecoregions of Latin America and the Caribbean. DC: World Wildlife Fund-US.
- Emmons, L. 1990. Neotropical Rainforest Mammals. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 0226207218
- Gómez, L. D., editor. 1986. La vegetación de Costa Rica (map series). Vol. I, In Vegetación y clima de Costa Rica. Ed. UNED. Costa Rica. cited in R.García, 1997. Biología de la conservación y áreas silvestres protegidas: situación actual y perspectivas en Costa Rica. INBio. Costa Rica.
- Guyer, C. 1990. The Herpetofauna of La Selva, Costa Rica. In A. H. Gentry, editor, Four neotropical rainforests. Yale Univesity Press. ISBN: 0300054483
- Hartshorn, G. 1983. Plants Introduction. In D. H. Janzen, editor, Costa Rican natural history. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 0226393348
- C. Michael Hogan. 2012. Craugastor talamancae (Dunn, 1831) Almirante Robber Frog . GlobalTwitcher
- Holdridge, L.R. 1967. Life zone ecology. Costa Rica: Tropical Science Center.
- Lieberman, D., M. Lieberman, R. Peralta, and G. S. Hartshorn. 1996. Tropical forest structure and composition on a large-scale altitudinal gradient in Costa Rica. Journal of Ecology 84: 137-152.
- Mendez, E. 1994. Estado de la Conservación de Biodiversidad en Panamá. In A. Vega editor, Corredores Conservacionistas en la Región Centroamericana: Memorias de una Conferencia Regional auspiciada por el Proyecto Paseo Pantera. Florida: Tropical Research and Development, Inc.
- Powell, G. 1999. Personal communications regarding linework for ecoregional deliniations.
- Powell, G., J. H. Rappole, and S. A. Sader. 1992. Neotropical migrant landbird use of lowland Atlantic habitats in Costa Rica: a test of remote sensing for identification of habitat. In J.M. Hagan III, and D.W. Johnston, editors. Ecology and conservation of Neotropical migrant landbirds. DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
- Palminteri, S., G. Powell, A. Fernandez, and D. Tovar. 1999. Talamanca Montane-Isthmian Pacific Ecoregion-Based conservation plan: Preliminary reconnaissance phase. Report to WWF-Central America.
- Raven, P. H. 1985. Research, Tropical ecology, and the future of Panama. In W. G. D'Arcy and M. D. Correa, editors. The botany and natural history of Panama. Saint Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden. ISBN: 0915279037
- Reid, F. 1997. A field guide to the mammals of Central America and Southeast Mexico. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 0195064011
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