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The photographs of peppered moths on tree bark, published for decades in biology texts, were actually of dead moths that Kettlewell had glued or pinned to the trees.
Once Upon A Time There Was Darwinism
Once, There Was the Story of Peppered Moths
Biston betularia, a moth species of the family Geometridae, is perhaps one of the most celebrated species of the insect world, and its fame is due to the fact that it was the main so-called "observed example" of evolution since Darwin.
There are two known variants of Biston betularia. The widespread light-colored type called Biston betularia f. typica is a light gray color, with small dark spots that lends it its common name, "the peppered moth." In the mid-19th century, a second variant was observed: dark in color, almost black, it was named Biston betularia carbonaria. The Latin word carbonaria means coal-colored. The same type is also called "melanic," which means dark-colored.
In 19th-century England, the dark moths became prevalent, and this coloration was given the name melanism. Based on this, Darwinists composed a myth that they would use consistently for at least a century, claiming that it was a most important proof of evolution at work. This myth found its place in nearly all biology textbooks, encyclopedia articles, museums, media coverage and documentary films about Darwinism.
The myth's narrative can be summed up as follows: At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, in Manchester and other predominantly industrial areas, the bark on the trees was light in color. For this reason, darker, melanic moths landed on these trees could easily be seen by the birds that preyed on them, so that their life expectancy was very short. But 50 years later, as a result of industrial pollution, the light-colored lichens that lived on bark died off and the bark itself became blackened by soot. Now predators could easily spot the light-colored moths. As a result, the number of light-colored moths decreased, while the dark-colored melanic forms, harder to notice on the trees, survived to reproduce.
Evolutionists resorted to the deception that this process was a major proof for their theory; and that over time, light-colored moths had "evolved" into a darker-colored type. According to Darwinist literature, this was evolution in action.
Today, however, like the other classic Darwinist myths, this one has been discredited. In order to understand why, we must look at how the story developed.
Kettlewell's Glued Moths
The thesis that the melanic form of peppered moths appeared and multiplied in England because of the Industrial Revolution began to be discussed even while Darwin was alive. In the first half of the 20th century, it remained current only as an opinion, because there was not a single scientific experiment or observation to prove it. In 1953, H.B.D. Kettlewell, a Darwinist medical doctor and amateur biologist, decided to conduct a series of experiments to supply the missing proof, and went out into the English countryside, the habitat of peppered moths. He released a similar number of light and dark peppered moths and observed how many of each type the birds preyed. He determined that more dark-colored moths were taken by predators from the light lichen-covered trees.
In 1959, Kettlewell published his findings in an article entitled "Darwin's Missing Evidence" in the evolutionist magazine Scientific American. The article caused a great stir in the world of Darwinism. Biologists congratulated Kettlewell for substantiating so-called "evolution in action." Photographs showing Kettlewell's moths on tree trunks were published everywhere. At the beginning of the 1960s, Kettlewell's story was written into every textbook and would influence the minds of biology students for four decades.141
This was a striking admission. Judith Hooper, an American journalist and writer for The Atlantic Monthly and the New York Times Book Review, reported on Holdrege's reaction in her 2002 book, Of Moths and Men: The Untold Story of Science and the Peppered Moth:
So, in the scientific argument, what facts became clear?
Another American writer and biologist, Jonathan Wells, has written on this subject in detail. His book Icons of Evolution devotes a special chapter to this myth. He says that Bernard Kettlewell's study, regarded as experimental proof, is basically a scientific scandal. Here are some of its basic elements:
Many studies made after Kettlewell's experiments showed that only one type of these moths rested on tree trunks; all the other types preferred the underside of horizontal branches. Since the 1980s, it has become widely accepted that moths rarely rest on tree trunks. Cyril Clarke and Rory Howlett, Michael Majerus, Tony Liebert, Paul Brakefield, as well as other scientists have studied this subject over 25 years. They conclude that in Kettlewell's experiment, moths were forced to act atypically, therefore, the test results could not be accepted as scientific.
Researchers who tested Kettlewell's experiment came to an even more striking conclusion: In less polluted areas of England, one would have expected more light-colored moths, but the dark ones were four times as many as the light ones. In other words, contrary to what Kettlewell claimed and nearly all evolutionist literature repeated, there was no correlation between the ratio in the moth population and the tree trunks.
As the research deepened, the dimensions of the scandal grew: The moths on tree trunks photographed by Kettlewell were actually dead. He glued or pinned the dead moths to tree trunks, then photographed them. In truth, because moths actually rested underneath the branches, it was not possible to obtain a real photo of moths on tree trunks.145
Only in the late 1990s, the scientific world was able to learn these facts. When the myth of the Industrial Melanism that had been a feature in biology courses for decades came to such an end, evolutionists were disappointed. One of them, Jerry Coyne, said he felt very dismayed when he learned of the fabrications with regard to the peppered moths.146
Rise and Fall of the Myth
How was this myth invented? Judith Hooper explains that Kettlewell, and other Darwinists who made up the evolutionist story of the peppered moths with him, distorted the evidence in their desire to find proof for Darwinism (and become famous in the process). In so doing, they deceived themselves:
Greatly contributing to the myth's collapse were experiments that a few other scientists did on the subject after it became known that Kettlewell's experiments had been distorted. An evolutionist biologist who recently studied the story of the peppered moth and found it to be without substance was Bruce Grant, professor of biology at the College of William and Mary. Hooper reports Grant's interpretation of conclusions reached by other scientists who repeated Kettlewell's experiments:
Other evidence that the evolutionist story of the peppered moths is completely wrong lies in North America's population of Biston betularia. The evolutionist thesis is that during the Industrial Revolution, air pollution turned the moth population black. Kettlewell's experiments and observations done in England were regarded as evidence of this. However, the same moth lives in North America, where no melanism has been observed despite the Industrial Revolution and the air pollution. Hooper explains this situation referring to the findings of Theodore David Sargent, an American scientist who studied the question:
With the discovery of all these facts, it came to light that the story of peppered moths was a giant hoax. For decades people all over the world were misled by photographs of dead moths pinned to a tree bark, intended to supply Darwin's missing evidence, and the constant repetition of an old-fashioned story. The evidence Darwin needed to find is still missing, because there's no such evidence.
A 1999 article published in The Daily Telegraph, a London newspaper, sums up how the myth was finally discredited:
In short, the myth of industrial melanism—like other supposed proofs for evolution, avidly defended by many evolutionists—crumbled.
Once, because of conservatism and lack of knowledge, the scientific world could be duped by tales like that of the peppered moths. But now, all such Darwinist myths have been discredited.
142-Judith Hooper, Of Moths and Men, W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., New York, 2002, s.xvii
143- Judith Hooper, Of Moths and Men, s.xviii
144- Judith Hooper, Of Moths and Men, s. xviii
145- Jonathan Wells, Icons of Evolution: Science or Myth? Why Much of What We Teach About Evolution is Wrong, ss. 141-151
146- Jerry Coyne, "Not Black and White", a review of Michael Majerus's Melanism: Evolution in Action, Nature, 396 (1988), ss. 35-36
147- Judith Hooper, Of Moths and Men, s. xviii
148- Judith Hooper, Of Moths and Men, s.296
149- Judith Hooper, Of Moths and Men, s.293
150- Robert Matthews, "Scientists Pick Holes in Darwin's Moth Theory", The Daily Telegraph, London, 18 Mart 1999


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Every time I design digital papers of any sort I use textures – often layering a few over photos or colors to get my final product. There are a lot of textures out there in the digital world but as a designer I need to be very careful about Terms of Use. The safest and best way is to make your own or buy from someone you know you can trust who makes their texture files from their own photos or handmade and scanned paper.
I was getting a little bored with my texture stash so I put together some new ones and I have packed them up into 2 packs that are ok for commercial use. They are in jpg format and 300dpi and 12inch square to suit fullsize digital scrapbook pages – but you can use them as you wish.
So what can you do with them ?
Try layering them over a paper or photo and then play with the blending modes. You may be surprised at the variety of results you can get.
Another way I like to use textures is in photoshop's texturizer. You need the texture as a PSD file and then you can load it and you get a more 3dimensional effect.
You can get these exclusively in my store at GoDigitalscrapbooking.com.

subset: commoncrawl


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Total War Rome II
Total War: Rome 2 - Cleopatra Trailer
This new Total War: ROME II trailer highlights the story of Cleopatra, with the first glimpse of the campaign map and a taste of the battle action the E3 press will be getting to grips with on the show floor next week.
Total War: Rome 2 - Greek States Culture Pack Trailer
The Greek States Culture Pack adds diplomatic Athens, shrewd Epirus and formidable Sparta as playable factions. Each offers range of special tactics to achieve cultural and martial victories, and lethal elite units to crush foes in battle.
The Greek States share a number of common goals, philosophies and general diplomatic aims. However, they are defined by their fierce independence and between them demonstrate a huge variety in approach to civil and military challenges that often brings them into conflict with the wider world, and each other.
Total War: Rome 2 - Battle of Teutoburg Forest Gameplay Trailer
Narrated by Creative Assembly staff, this battle depicts the Roman Army caught in a carefully calculated assault by the massed tribesmen of Germania.
Total War: Rome 2 - The Battle of Teutoburg Forest
Arminius united the tribes, ambushed Varus' Legion and struck a fatal and shattering blow to the Empire's expansion.
Teutoburg Forest features as a playable historical battle in Total War: ROME II, and demonstrates some of the game's thrilling new features, including our true line-of-sight system, deployable battlefield technology, and our tense new style of ambush scenarios.
Total War: Rome 2 - The Making of the Faces of Rome Trailer
Today we are proud to bring you the Making of "Faces of Rome" trailer, featuring directors commentary and behind the scenes footage from the shoot of the Faces of Rome announcement trailer for The Creative Assembly's upcoming Total War: Rome II.
Total War: Rome 2 - Announcement Trailer
Total War: Rome II is poised to set a new benchmark for strategy gaming quality and depth. Encompassing one of the best-known periods in world history, Total War: Rome II will combine the most expansive turn-based campaign and the largest, most cinematic real-time battles yet seen in any game. Leadership, tyranny, betrayal and sacrifice all play key roles in the choices players will have to make to ultimately rule Rome.
Total War: Rome 2 - "The Unmaking of Carthage" Dev Diary
With more information on the gameplay, art and look and feel of Rome II, "The Unmaking of Carthage" updates you on the progress in rebuilding the venerable Roman legions.
Total War: Rome 2 - First Gameplay Footage
The year is 146BC, brilliant tactician Scipio Aemilianus is dispatched by Rome to break the three-year-long siege of Carthage, an unforgivable blight on the glory of the growing Empire.
Ruthless determination and an almost suicidal amphibious assault is required, but the young consul is uncomfortably aware that the price of victory may be much higher than the senate realizes.


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My egg cup runneth over
Posted by Doreen | Filed under Inspiration, Musings
I recently rediscovered the soft boiled egg and with it my old friend the quaint egg cup. It brings back childhood memories of my Mom making me hot tea and a soft boiled egg. I would gingerly dunk my buttered toast into the egg, soak up the warm yolk and gleefully slurp it up. But the real treat was the china chicken egg cup. A little chipped on the beak, a few chips of paint off here and there–but I loved it, loved it. I don't know why such a small thing like an egg cup can bring so much comfort and joy, but I'm glad it does.
Possibly that is why there are as many different egg cup designs as there are stars. Perhaps design doesn't have to be big and loud to capture attention, and appreciation. Sometimes it just has to be able to make you smile and feel good.
Tags: breakfast accessories, egg cups, egg holders, hard boiled egg cups, quirky kitchen accessories


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May 5, 2016
CYPRESS, Texas (AP) - A Texas sheriff says the suspect in a stabbing attack at a Houston-area college is a man believed to be about 21-years-old who is enrolled at the school.
More than a dozen people were wounded in the Tuesday attack on the Lone Star Community College System's campus in Cypress.
Harris County Sheriff Adrian Garcia says officers responded to the campus after receiving a call about a white male "on the loose" stabbing people.
Garcia says the suspect is in custody.
(Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)
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text: Hi ladies I really love it here it has such a warm and friendly atmosphere. I am new to DSB and I really like it a lot. The LO's in my gallery are actually the only ones I have done. I look at the ones you all have made and they give me such inspiration but compared mine are suffering. Can you all please give me some tips on how to improve, thank you in advance.


text: Photo zooms unavailable for this product 7th Letter The Seventh LA Snapback in Black $30.00 THIS ITEM IS OUT OF STOCK Want to know if it comes back in stock? SUBMIT Preparing your subscription Thank you for signing up, you will get an email when the product is back in stock. Shop Snapbacks or Shop 7th Letter Please enter a quantity. Sorry, you've requested more of this item than is available.


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A non- governmental organization which stands for the rights of pastoralists in the country has appealed to the recently appointed constitutional review commission to work on reviewing a clause in the current Land Act to defend pastoralists and farmers in the country.
The Executive Director of the Arusha based PINGO's Forum, Edward Porokwa said in an exclusive interview with The Guardian on Sunday early this week that "there are various inhuman acts which are frequently done to pastoralists as there is no specific law which defends their right to land ownership.'
Mr Porokwa is of the view that the current Land Act should be amended in order to give priority to indigenous people especially pastoralists their right ownership of the natural wealth in the country, despite that they do not have permanent places to stay.
However, he says there are some clauses which do not defend the rights of pastoralists when it comes to land transfer to other users, where traditional users in particular cattle herders are subjected to mass eviction, which he described as abuse of human rights and contrary to UN Habitat conventions.
He noted that issues that touch pastoralists in the country are repudiated by government authorities at a certain level in decision making, the most affected ethnic groups being those living in bushes and feeding on wild fruits and meat from livestock or bush animals.
According to him, little attention is given to affected ethnic groups, mostly found in Arusha, Manyara and Singida. These groups are not given special attention when it comes to land ownership.
He further noted that the Village Land Act of 1999 and policies of the land ownership introduced recently do not empower pastoralists in the sense that the laws do not provide them with safety whenever they need it as citizens.
The livestock policy set out in 2006 talks about products or commodities but doesn't talk about better life for pastoralists, He said, amazed to see that this is contrary to government policy which requires better meat, hides and skins, where the benefits are enjoyed by pastoralists who tender the livestock on which the country relies for meat and milk.
"This is contrary to the constitution of other countries such as Kenya and Uganda which go into details about land ownership of people in their respective counties," he ,noting further that in Tanzania pastoralists are subjected to humiliations and denial of rights to ownership.
Way back in 2006, the government issued an eviction order on pastoral communities residing in Usangu basin especially at Ihefu valley in Mbarali district, Mbeya region, a measure which OnePorokwa says was inhuman and affected many innocent people.
The eviction of pastoralists from Usangu and elsewhere has always been executed violently without due regard and respect to human rights and land rights of livestock owners.
It is amazing to note that the victims of evictions have not been compensated. The government through the Ministrry of Livestock Development admitted to have committed a mistake by not providing alternative land for evictees. It was thus officially announced that evicted pastoralists were to move to Lindi and Coast regions.
The inbuilt societal stereotypes and negative perceptions over pastoralists in the country have often been the basis of policies. Laws and orders directly affect the majority pastoral communities and the wellbeing of their mode of livelihood.
Some of the basic perceptions characterize them as destructive of environment, sources of animal disease, and enemies of wildlife heritage, practicing an economically unreliable, even wasteful mode of livelihood.
Worse enough, there are attitudes that have been dogmatized in mainstream policies which are being applied without being challenged even when they stand in sharp contrast with scientific evidence.


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Beijing Friendship Hotel
1 Zhongguancun South Street
Beijing 100873
The Organizing Committee has secured accommodations for participants at advantageous rates at the Beijing Friendship Hotel.
The Beijing Friendship Hotel is one of the largest garden-style hotels in Asia. It represents classic Chinese architectural elegance. It is recorded into World Architecture Annals published by Cambridge in UK for its large area and typical folk style. Located in the central area of Zhong Guan Cun High-Tech Zone, the Friendship Hotel neighbors many world famous universities and tourist sites such as Tsinghua University, Peking University and Summer Palace.
Business Center Hours: 7:00 AM - 12:00 AM Midnight
Fitness Center Hours: 7:00 AM - 11:00 PM
The Biophysical Society will act as the housing partner for this meeting: Weak Protein-Ligand Interactions: New Horizons in Biophysics and Cell Biology. Once you have registered for the meeting, you will need to complete the Housing Reservation Form and fax to 240-290-5555 or email to firstname.lastname@example.com. All reservation requests must be received by September 14, 2012.
To make a hotel reservation click here.
All hotel changes and cancellations must be made with the Biophysical Society through September 14, 2012. Rooms are subject to availability. Cancellations after September 14, 2012 are non-refundable. Hotel room confirmations will be sent to you upon completion of your booking and will include a confirmation number.


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Welcome disc golfer! You can login or create an account.
Questions? Call us: (785) 258-2494
The Axiom Discs Alias is a straight-flying midrange similar to the popular Tangent, but with a bit more high-speed stability. This point-and-shoot midrange has the ability to lock into straight lines and hyzers, as well as pan out of high anhyzer shots and shallow helix lines. The Alias simply goes where it is sent.
The defining characteristic of the Alias is its easy straight-stable lines for both high and low power throwers. These easy straight lines will increase accuracy allowing you to nail tight fairway openings. The long straight flight will have great glide with a late GYRO™ fade. The predictable straight lines of the Alias makes it a must have for prime midrange duties of all Axiom throwers.
Neutron in weights 170 - 177+ grams


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After two weeks of intense negotiations at the 12th Conference of the Parties to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD COP 12) in Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea, the delegations of European Union Member States and the European Com
Europe and Central Asia
A new study published in the journal Science reveals that, despite some progress, more needs to be done to reach an internationally agreed set of biodiversity targets by 2020. But they are still within reach.
Preventing Extinctions
Investing in biodiversity for human well-being and development was on the agenda at the recently held Trondheim Biodiversity Conference.
No vultures will be left in India and the rest of South Asia if immediate steps are not taken for their conservation, NGOs have warned at the CBD CoP 11
News directly from the hard-working BirdLife policy team in Hyderabad, India, where negotiations of the CBD are in their final week...
A look at what the BirdLife Partnership is doing to help eradicate poverty
Local Empowerment - Europe and Central Asia
Assisting governments in develop National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs) is the purpose of a new guide made available this week at COP11.
A new report entitled 'Conserving biodiversity and delivering ecosystem services at Important Bird Areas in Nepal' has been launched at the CBD COP in Hyderabad, India.
It's Day 6 of the IUCN World Conservation Congress in Jeju, the Republic of Korea.
Delegates from 193 countries are preparing recommendations for the next Convention on Biological Diversity Conference of Parties (COP) in October in India.
The world's governments have committed to increasing the coverage of protected areas by 2020 in order to address rapid rates of environmental destruction. However, a new study shows that only half of the most important sites for wildlife have been fully protected.
African countries meet to look at how to meet their Convention of Biological Diversity obligations.
The agreement is an expression of the desire of both BirdLife and the CBD Secretariat to enhance our cooperation following the recent adoption of the 2011-2020 Strategic Plan for the Convention at Nagoya in October.
Nagoya, 0140 - Weary delegates rose to their feet in a spontaneous standing ovation to celebrate a historic deal to save biodiversity and the planet
Developing countries will be in a better position to halt the extinction of species that are hanging by a very thin thread, under a new partnership sponsored by the Global Environment Facility.
The most comprehensive assessment of the world's vertebrates confirms an extinction crisis with one-fifth of species threatened. However, the situation would be worse were it not for current global conservation efforts, according to a study launched at the 10th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, CBD, in Nagoya, Japan
Current demand for biofuels is leading to conversion of natural habitats, on a huge and potentially catastrophic scale.
The 2010 Awards for Biodiversity Conservation and Development in Latin America have been presented at a special event held at the CBD meeting in Nagoya, Japan. The prizes, worth Є7,000 each, are granted by SEO / BirdLife (Spanish Partner) and BirdLife International with the support of the Fundación Biodiversidad.


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We began our ministry in India in 1968 with a program that was a precursor to our current Child Sponsorship Program. In 2003, we started the Child Survival Program, and the Leadership Development Program followed in 2004.
Country Director
Paul Asveen joined our ministry as Country Director in 2010. Paul came to us with 22 years of combined experience from both the corporate and ministry worlds. For 16 years Paul worked in the banking industry with Citibank — 10 years in India and 6 years in Indonesia. In 2003, Paul decided to devote his energy fully to Christian ministry.
After six years of serving in ministry in Singapore, Paul and his family felt the call to return to India. Paul joined the Christian Institute of Management as their Executive Director in January 2009, a position he held until joining our ministry.
Paul holds a bachelor's of commerce degree from Loyola College Chennai, a master's of business administration degree from the Indian Institute of Management in Bangalore, and a master's of divinity degree from Trinity Theological College in Singapore.
Implementing Church Partners
Implementing Church Partners are local churches in India with whom we work to deliver child development programs and frontline ministry in the field.
- Spiritual Climate
Ninety-three percent of the population is Hindu, and India is often called "Hindustan," meaning the "land of the Hindus." The Christian church fights for basic rights and struggles against Hindu religious extremist groups. While Christians in most areas in India face only occasional persecution, there are scattered areas that face adverse persecution.
However, this has only resulted in growth and unification for the church. The church has grown in number every year as a result of ministry programs.
We have faced charges of trying to convert people to Christianity, but we have handled these charges with sensitivity and caution thus far. It is likely we will continue to face such charges.
It is challenging to mentor the beneficiaries who become Christians because they are unable to boldly profess their faith for fear of being thrown out of their homes and punished by the local community. They lose all benefits provided by the government once they become Christians.
For example, the government provides subsidies for education and employment for those living in poverty and those from lower castes. However, these subsidies will not be provided if a person becomes a Christian.
The church also struggles to compete in providing services due to the lack of funds. There are new commercial institutions that are providing services, not necessarily from a heart of service, but in order to gain profit and good standing in the community, and many are choosing to seek services at these institutions rather than from the church.
- Unique Challenges
One challenge unique to our Implementing Church Partners in India is how to make the program relevant to an area that is very large geographically and highly varied culturally. Each Implementing Church Partner is unique, and it is difficult to generalize the program enough so that it fits all Implementing Church Partner's needs.
Generally, our church partners can be classified as urban, semi-urban, rural and tribal and each has its own challenges and opportunities.
Another challenge is retaining qualified staff with the resources provided.
- Contributions
Implementing Church Partners provide the facilities used for the program, ongoing maintenance and recurring expenses for the facilities as well as spiritual materials and other resources.
- Partner Development Activities
We develop partners in the following ways:
- Partner consultations: We encourage the sharing of best practices and learning experiences among Implementing Church Partners and with the field office.
- Compassion Partners Conference: We hold an event to challenge the churches to address current issues that the children face.
- Bi-annual meeting: The leadership of the ministry in India meet for a minimum of one hour with each Child Development Center Director to provide guidance in handling local issues and to keep the Implementing Church Partner informed about progress and/or expected changes.
- Regular Partnership Facilitator visits with the church leadership.
- Vision casting exercises: These are done with the church leaders and pastors to help them develop growth plans.
Child Survival Program
- Caregiver Literacy
Literacy classes are held monthly during the cognitive development portion of the program. We also offer need-based literacy training because literacy rates vary greatly between caregivers. The caregivers learn the alphabet, how to write their name, and how to deal in the local currency proficiently.
- Income-Generating Skills
Income-generating skills, such as tailoring, weaving, basket making, juice making and goat rearing, are offered either weekly or bi-monthly depending on the caregivers' needs and the availability of the trainers.
Some development centers have utilized Complementary Interventions to supply machinery and tools for the training.
- Health Care
The Child Survival Program assists every caregiver in accessing and receiving health care. This includes an annual checkup performed by a medical doctor for all caregivers and children, financial assistance for major medical treatment if needed, regular growth monitoring of the children done by Child Survival Program staff, maintenance of an immunization chart for every child, and monthly health awareness programs on topics such as the prevention of waterborne diseases and good hygiene practices.
Caregivers and children receive medical care and immunizations at the local government hospitals and primary health centers, and the Child Survival Program staff follows up to ensure they are utilizing these health services.
- Nutritional Support
Caregivers and children are provided with nutritional supplements during all regular meetings at the Child Survival Program. They also receive training on healthy eating and the use of inexpensive healthy fruits and vegetables. Additionally, we encourage kitchen gardens to improve their nutritional intake at home.
- Involvement of Fathers
A variety of activities are offered for fathers to encourage their participation in the Child Survival Program including special meetings to discuss the role of fathers in the family, awareness programs on alcohol and substance abuse, family retreats that focus on family dynamics and healthy relationships, and counseling, if needed, during the regular home visits.
- Transitioning Out of the Child Survival Program
When a child reaches the age of transition from the Child Survival Program to the Child Sponsorship Program, Child Survival staff meet with the parents to inform them of the criteria and guidelines of the Child Sponsorship Program.
Mothers are asked to attend the monthly parents' meetings for the Child Sponsorship Program, and once the child is registered into the program, the Implementing Church Partner staff conduct regular home visits to inform the mothers of their child's progress.
- Areas of Expansion the Child Survival Program
We plan to expand into northern and southern India based on infant mortality rates.
Child Sponsorship Program
Your sponsorship of a child in India provides a variety of benefits.
The schools and Implementing Church Partners are in close proximity to each other, so children are able to spend a good amount of time at the child development center. They enjoy coming to the child development center because their needs are met there.
- Meeting Times:
- 3 to 5 year olds: 3 hours a day, Monday through Friday, and 4 hours on Saturday
- 6 to 8 year olds: 3 hours a day, Monday through Friday, and 4 hours on Saturday
- 9 to 11 year olds: 3 hours a day, Monday through Friday, and 4 hours on Saturday
- 12 to 14 year olds: 3 hours a day, Monday through Friday, and 4 hours on Saturday
- 15 to 18 year olds: 3 hours a day, 2 days a week, and 4 hours on Saturday
- 19 +: 6 hours on Saturday and public holidays
- Nutritional Support
Most child development centers provide one nutritional meal per day to the children. A typical meal consists of locally available grains, cereal, vegetables and eggs; meat and fruit are sometimes provided once or twice a week.
We provide meals because many children only receive one or two meals a day at home, and those meals are often not nutritious. We also provide special food for children who are malnourished.
- Vaccinations
The Indian government provides certain vaccinations to all children free of charge, and if there are other vaccinations that are needed, our ministry covers the cost. The Implementing Church Partners have good relationships with the medical staff in their communities, so they are sometimes able to negotiate with the local hospitals to receive the needed vaccinations at a discounted price.
- Extracurricular Activities or Community Service
Children participate in sports, camps and outreach programs. Some children are given the opportunity to visit nursing homes where they spend time with elderly people.
- Vocational Activities
The child development centers network with other organizations to offer vocational training. Students who excel in academics are encouraged to pursue higher education. Some Implementing Church Partners conduct a "multiple intelligence" test to prepare the students to make decisions about their future.
All adolescent children receive some type of vocational training in addition to life skills and English education. Vocational skills offered include carpentry, welding, electronics repair, mechanics, driving, plumbing and electrical work.
- Child Sponsorship Program Alumni Activities
Some Child Sponsorship Program alumni volunteer at their former child development centers, encouraging the registered children through their own testimonies. Some even sponsor beneficiary siblings, meaning they support siblings of sponsored children at the child development center. They also participate in outreach and evangelism together.
- Parent Involvement
Parent meetings are held on a monthly basis and cover topics such as parenting, social issues and the importance of education.
Most Implementing Church Partners also have self-help groups, which are small groups of parents organized for various activities such as income-generating projects.
- Areas of Expansion for the Child Sponsorship Program
We plan to expand into the north, tribal belts, city slums and areas with high numbers of highly vulnerable children. Much of the development in India is focused on the south, and tribal areas are the last to be considered. Development is also focused on urban areas, resulting in over-population and poor conditions in the city slums.
Leadership Development Program
- Universities Attended
Most students attend government universities, but a few attend private Christian universities.
- Location of Universities
Universities are spread throughout the country.
- Working Students
Students do not work while attending university.
- Service Opportunities
Students have the opportunity to join a national organization that has branches on all college campuses, encouraging them to participate in community service activities.
They also join service clubs at their university; some students, such as nursing students, are required to do some type of service in their field of study.
- Leadership Development Program Meetings
The larger Leadership Development Program group meets twice a year to cover curriculum. They also meet every summer to participate in a six-day work camp where they attend special training sessions focused on spiritual outcomes and other country-specific topics. The students hold a two-day outreach campaign as well.
- Specialty Curriculum Topics or Resources
We cover abstinence, sex and sexuality, friendship, courtship, dating and marriage. We also bring in qualified people to discuss health issues, such as HIV/AIDS.
- Mentors
We network with program alumni, existing mentors and Implementing Church Partners to assist students in finding mentors.
- Career Placement Assistance
We work with prominent Christians who are in human resources positions as well as placement agencies to train the students on job placement skills. This helps guide the students and inform them of any job openings.
- Leadership Development Program Alumni Group
The alumni group meets at least once a year to revisit their mission and vision. The group is divided into chapters by region since they are spread throughout the country.
Each chapter participates in advocacy activities at the child development centers, mentoring and encouraging children at the centers by sharing their own success stories. The alumni also participate in Leadership Development Program care groups, engaging with the current Leadership Development Program students and, in some cases, serving as mentors.
Complementary Interventions
Compassion's core Child Sponsorship Program, while comprehensive, cannot address all obstacles to a child's healthy development. Compassion's Complementary Interventions program works in harmony with the holistic child development model to provide additional services as needed, such as the AIDS Initiative, Bibles for All Children, disaster relief and water projects.
Complementary Interventions in India include:
- Livelihood opportunities such as agriculture, animal husbandry, skills training
- Access to clean, potable drinking water within 1⁄2 kilometer from the child's home
- Sanitation, including proper sewage and drainage, disinfecting the environment weekly, segregation of animals, networking with local health organizations in the area of sanitation and community involvement
- Malaria awareness training and mosquito net distribution
- Disaster relief including food supplies, clothing, shelter, tarpaulin sheets, clean drinking water and medicines
Highly Vulnerable Children
The primary Highly Vulnerable Children needs are orphans and semi-orphaned children who are affected by HIV. Our strategy to meet these needs is to focus on home-based care and only consider replacement care in extreme circumstances, to provide for housing needs on a case-by-case basis for child-headed households, and to provide vocational training for beneficiaries to increase their ability to become employed.


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Want to taste the best e-cig liquid flavors? Then you need to listen up. I'll tell you about some of my favorite e-juice flavors from some of my top brands and vendors that I like to buy from. The all time top e-liquid vendor is of course Monarchy. They definitely have the best e-juice and best e-liquid available, and right now you can only get them online, I'm not sure when they are going to wholesale to shops across the nation but it doesn't much matter, because their premium e-liquids are choice and are definitely the right price for the quality.
These guys have to be running the best vape store online, because they have top notch support, videos, tutorials for newbies, they answer your questions fast, their shipping is like crazy, they must ship out as soon as they receive orders because I got all my orders in like 2 or 3 days, without priority shipping which you can pay a little more for. So that's one of the greatest things about this vape store is that they ship right away and it gets to you super fast. That's hard to find with some of these big corporate sites these days.
So to talk about e-cig liquid flavors some more, I have to recommend their perfect peach flavor, it's an insane peach, so sweet, juicy and refreshing, and like no other. Also I have to say that their best tobacco e-liquid and best menthol flavors rock the house. They are putting out insane flavors that just kill everyone else. Here's a top love of mine. I used to love smoking cloves back in the day. They have since become illegal to sell in the USA. That sucks. Black Djarums, those things ruled, but I could tell were harsh on the lungs. Monarchy has a flavor called Black Market that I swear to god tastes exactly like you're smoking cloves, smells great, is not crushing your lungs and everyone always asks what that awesome smell is!
Vaping the best e-juice flavors does make a huge difference in sticking to it, and away from the grips of nasty big tobacco, and just plain tastes good. When you have the best e-liquid in your mod, you'll not only produce the most vapor, but it will also be so pleasant tasting and smelling because of the flavor. When you have the best vape juice you can share it with your friends and enjoy the subtle notes together. So make sure you are filling your tanks with the best tasting e-juice flavors out there. When you're vaping best flavors available you'll be happier.
You may want to try the best menthol flavors or the best tobacco flavors. Some of you may be more in to fruity flavors or candy flavors. I do enjoy a nice green apple flavor. I also love coffee flavors myself, maybe a nice chocolaty mocha. But I also like whiskey and bourbon flavors. Sometimes I feel like a good desert e-liquid. Once in a while I may have a nice custard e-juice.
How about the new greek yogurt type flavors. Orange creamsicle yogurt anyone? So don't be scared to try some new e-liquid flavors, God knows their are tons of them, and new e-juice brands coming out every single day. Here's a great place to get e-juice reviews – http://www.ejuice-reviews.com. They usually stay on top of the best e-juice flavors available online.
The more flavors you try the better off your vaping experience will be with tons of e-juice brands and vendors out there you have tons of selection that you can try over time. When you let your palate taste new things, you'll come to find out that you may be more into menthol fruit flavors or creamy vanilla custard, or some crazy bourbon flavor. It all makes good fun trying out new e-juice flavors.
Then look no further, the best e-liquid flavors online are at Monarchy, a new brand that has the most tasteful flavors at the best prices. As a vaper myself and a journalist, writer, and blogger, I like to write about my passions, this vaping blog is dedicated to that. I am spanish and thought maybe I should write in spanish, but figured most people will find this who speak english and can translate it through Google, so the best thing I can do is write about my vaping experience and the best e-liquid flavors I find.
I've been vaping for a few years myself and have tasted many e-liquid flavors that stand out for their own particular reasons, but I have to say that their are new brands that are starting to stand out for caring more about the flavor then anything else. One of the best e-liquid vendors is definitely Monarchy at http://www.vapormonarchy.com. So definitely take a look at what they have to offer as far as ejuice or anything else you are looking for such as vape starter kits, vape mods, or e-liquids.
So being a veteran e-liquid connoisseur I think I have a good tasting flavor profile that will agree with the general vaping public more then the normal. Being a connoisseur I have to state that the best e-juice flavors are usually honestly given by the best e-juice reviews or best e-liquid reviews at http://www.ejuice-reviews.com. They are definitely honest and unbiased when they review certain juices, as sometimes they shoot down the biggest brands. So you know they are not just paid by these big brands to say happy, perfect, things about their products in question.
To finish this article off, I like to give my favorite flavors as being in the fruit category. Yes, I said it, I like fruity e-liquid flavors, like strawberry, peach, and pineapple the best.
If you are trying to learn more about vapor cigarettes or e-cigs then listen up, and we'll give you our take on the biggest trend hitting the world right now. Vaping is the smoking, you inhale from mechanical mods or vapor mods or vape mods. These tech gadgets are quite crazy actually but are the offspring of the original e-cigarette from 10 years ago now.
Vaping is becoming a huge trend to ex-smokers or new young people who are looking for a hobby or pastime. While vaping looks to be much more healthy then traditional smoking it is yet to be confirmed by any major agencies such as the FDA. This is not stopping the vaping community from pushing forwards and spreading the message that it is indeed the way to quit smoking for good and vape a healthy new way.
Flavors for the e-liquid smoked are in the hundred thousands maybe already, as this like fine wine is what's so cool and hipster about all of this maybe? Not only that but you can customize your vapor mods with all the different tanks, atomizers, batteries or whatever else you like. You can grab these at the best vaping shops online. There are new vapers everyday looking for deals online for free vape starter kits or vape pens.
But what really keeps the vapers vaping is the flavor of e-liquid or best ejuice they vape. They need to try the best vape juice or vape the best e-liquids online by going to the right stores with all the vaping supplies needed. When you find the best menthol e-liquid or best tobacco e-liquid you are in total smokers heaven and can finally quit the habit or addiction should I say that causes you to die young of cancer.


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The Spokane Housing Authority Board of Commissioners' purpose is to set policy and provide guidance to the Executive Director and agency staff in successfully meeting business goals, in a fiscally responsible manner, and to meet the agency's mission "To provide, develop, and promote quality affordable housing options in the communities we serve." www.spokanehousing.org/
The Spokane Housing Authority Board meets on the fourth Monday of each month at 3:30 p.m., unless otherwise specified or announced. Meetings are held in the Large Conference Room at SHA's Central Office at 55 West Mission Ave., Spokane, WA.
Members: 6
Term: 5 Years
Regular meetings last approximately one hour, though vary depending on the number and complexity of agenda items.
Study sessions that may occur before the regular meeting last approximately one hour.
If appointed to a sub-committee, there would be an additional one hour per month.
An annual board retreat occurs in October and is approximately four hours.
Occasional presentations to community organizations, partners, potential funders, and government entities have varying time commitments that can range from one hour to four hours. Presentations vary and will be coordinated with personal schedules.
This is a voluntary, unpaid position.
Pamela Tietz, Executive Director
Spokane Housing Authority
(509) 252-7139
For more information regarding Spokane County Commissioner appointments to the Spokane Housing Authority Board, you may also contact:
Christine Barada, Director
Spokane County Community Services, Housing, and Community Development Department
(509) 477-7561


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The agencies of the AKDN are private, international, non-denominational development organisations. They work to improve the welfare and prospects of people in the developing world, particularly in Asia and Africa, without regard to faith, origin or gender. Its programmes are designed to bring a critical mass of economic, social and cultural activities to bear on a given area. Its projects encompass many of the determinants of the quality of life, including the natural and built environments in both urban and rural areas, food security, health, education, access to financial services and economic opportunity, as well as the cultural areas of traditional music, architecture and art. Some programmes, such as specific research, education and cultural programmes, span both the developed and developing worlds.
The AKDN works in 30 countries around the world. It employs approximately 80,000 people, the majority of whom are based in developing countries. The AKDN's average annual budget for non-profit development activities is approximately US$ 600 million. The project companies of the Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development generated revenues of US$ 3.5 billion in 2013 (all surpluses are reinvested in further development activities). For more information, please see the Organisational Chart.
About the agencies of the Aga Khan Development Network
Aga Khan Academies (AKA)
Aga Khan Agency for Microfinance (AKAM)
Aga Khan Education Services (AKES)
Aga Khan Foundation (AKF)
Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development (AKFED)
Aga Khan Health Services (AKHS)
Aga Khan Planning and Building Services (AKPBS)
Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC)
Aga Khan University (AKU)
Focus Humanitarian Assistance (FOCUS)
The University of Central Asia (UCA)
Approach to Development
Founded and guided by His Highness the Aga Khan, the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN) brings together a number of development agencies, institutions, and programmes that work primarily in the poorest parts of Asia and Africa. While each institution pursues its own mandate, all work together within the overarching framework of the Network so that their different pursuits interact and reinforce one another. More information
His Highness the Aga Khan, Chairman of the Aga Khan Development Network
His Highness the Aga Khan, the founder and chairman of the AKDN, is the 49th hereditary Imam (Spiritual Leader) of the Shia Ismaili Muslims. In Islam's ethical tradition, religious leaders not only interpret the faith but also have a responsibility to help improve the quality of life in their community and in the societies amongst which they live. For His Highness the Aga Khan, this has meant a deep engagement with development for over 50 years through the agencies of the AKDN.
Biography | Speeches | Photo Gallery
About the Ismaili Imamat
Islam: General Introduction
Shia Islam: Historical Origin
Evolution of Communities of Interpretation
Principles of Shiism
Intellect and Faith
About the Ismaili Community
The Community in the 20th Century
© 2007 The Aga Khan Development Network. This is the only authorised Website of the Aga Khan Development Network.


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Grad School Math: Which Degrees Are Worth the Debt
With unemployment high and wages stagnant, now's a rough time to be entering the job market. Historically, when a harsh economy awaits, young people tend to run for cover in grad school. It's a smart strategy -- unless you pick the wrong field of study.


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Let's face it, going to the beach, pool or lake is a common joy among teenagers out on summer break. Not only can you cool off and show off your new bathing suit, but you can also work on your summer glow. Toning down your cosmetics is a must in the summer, but that doesn't mean you can't enhance your newly tanned skin. Instead, you simply need to pick the right products and colors. Glamour Magazine recently broke down model Daniela Pestova's gorgeous beach vibe makeup and you should definitely add it to your line up.
To warm up your natural tan, start by applying sun-kissed bronzer that has bits of golden flakes mixed in. Products like this will give you that added glow when the sun reflects off your face.
Elle Girl Magazine suggests ladies apply their bronzer with thick makeup brushes to evenly apply the product to all the spots the sun naturally hits.
According to Glamour Magazine, for summer, keep your eyes natural. Pestova made her eyes look brighter using a bronze and gold-toned eyeshadow on her lower lids. This subtle pop of shimmer really puts the attention on her baby blues. Apply the same color on your upper lids up to the crease line and apply tons of eyelash elongating mascara to open your eyes up even more.
InStyle Magazine reports leading ladies like Rihanna, Amber Heard and Kate Mara have been seen rocking gold eyeshadow as of late. The fashion experts report this hue "warms up all skin tones and can be worn in a variety of ways."
To finish off your beachy-keen cosmetics, go for a fun lip gloss with sparkle and a touch of color. This may seem like an overkill of shimmer, but Glamour Magazine reports a peach lip color with a bit of gold sparkle actually gives off a sassy shine.


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- Reset the iOS device. Nothing will be lost
Reset iOS device: Hold down the On/Off button and the Home button at the same time for at
least ten seconds, until the Apple logo appears.
- Unsync all music and resync
- Reset all settings
Go to Settings > General > Reset and tap Reset All Settings.
All your preferences and settings are reset. Information (such as contacts and calendars) and media (such as songs and videos) aren't affected.
- Restore from backup. See:
- Restore to factory settings/new iOS device.
- Make an appointment at the Genius Bar of an Apple store.


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Window Box
Act fast! Items with prices ending in $0.99 are final sale.
No longer available
Garden in a box. The wire construction of this Window Box lets the natural beauty of plants and flowers take center stage.
Wire with golden soldering.
30"w x 10.5"d x 8"h.
Can be mounted on windowsill via two screw holes (mounting hardware not included).
Drainage holes included.
Wipe clean.
Made in India.


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If you haven't given this a spin because somebody mentioned a synthesizer, you are missing out. Sun is the ninth studio album from Cat Power, and for fans it has been a long six years since The Greatest, her last album of original work. Sun is definitely unique musically, but it is still every bit Cat Power. In many ways it feels lighter, but doesn't lack any of the depth fans have come to expect. More than anything it is one of those albums that will sneak up on you, so you have to give it the chance.
Posted by Susan Lindemann at 11/30/2012 01:24:13 PM


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Undated (www.incnow.tv) - Sunday marks the start of National Women's Health Week, encouraging all women to make their health a top priority.
Across the country communities, businesses and health organizations come together in an effort to promote the importance of healthy living.
This week, women are encouraged to improve their physical and mental health and lower the risk of certain diseases.
Health officials suggest that women visit their doctor regularly and get preventice screenings, get active, eat healthy, pay attention to mental health and avoid unhealthy behaviors.
What are your thoughts CLICK HERE to leave us a "QUESTION OF THE DAY" comment.
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Sail the seven seas while keeping your identity shrouded in mystery with our Venetian Style Pirate Mask. Available in red, black, pink, and white, each of these masks features an attached pirate style brim. It is gilded and trimmed with marabou, and features two roses with ribbon accents on the right side. Glamorous masks are perfect for masquerade balls and stylish Halloween costumes.
Our Price: $17.97
Our Price: $13.97


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Whether you're looking for customized in-person C/C++ training for a private group or a public online C/C++ class you can join, Webucator has the solution for you.
Contact us to schedule C/C++ training for private groups or sign up below for a public online C/C++ class.
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When organizations purchase Microsoft software via a volume licensing agreement, they often receive Microsoft Software Assurance Training Vouchers, which can be used to purchase free training.
Webucator offers volume discounts for public classes when you buy 25 or more class days, up to 30+% off!
Mr. Sakowski's knowledge of the C++ language and course material was excellent. I will recommend this course to others.
- Daniel Sheets, General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems
Great overall introduction to iOS and Objective-C programming!
- Steve Veloff, St. Petersburg College
To really understand the fundamentals of Objective-C you need a course like this.
- Seth Burden, North Carolina Farm Bureau Mutual Ins.
The online instructor led course was very well organized. The instructor was knowledgeable, the exercises were clear, concise, and were very relevant to the concepts being covered. I was very impressed with the course. It gave a very good introduction to Objective C.
- Sheri Green, Fox Networks Group
Webucator offers private customized onsite C/C++ training. Our private classes are normally delivered at your offices, but can be delivered at a different location of your choice or via a web conference. Contact us for a proposal.


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Multiple myeloma is the second most common blood cancer. Yet the majority of patients have never heard of it until they are told they have the disease. To help raise awareness, the International Myeloma Foundation (IMF) in 2009 declared March "Myeloma Awareness Month." Last year over 60 cities and four states did the same. Increasing awareness of this devastating disease can lead to increased funding for research and ultimately save lives. Awareness can lead to patients asking whether their doctor has considered myeloma as a possible cause for their symptoms and can lead to earlier diagnosis.
Having your hometown, county or state declare March as Myeloma Awareness Month is much simpler than you may think. It requires your town or county council to pass a non-binding resolution. Once you sign up you will receive the MAM Proclamation Toolkit and a MAM Proclamation Leadership Team Member will be in touch to guide you through the process.
Step by Step
1. Find a Champion in your Local Government to Introduce the Resolution. Whether you want to pass a resolution at the town, county or state level, you will need to have a government official to shepherd the resolution through the process. Ask the folks in your support group if they know someone who could be helpful (council member, mayor, state legislator, etc). Or partner with a local hospital, wellness center or another cancer support group to ask if they have any allies at that level of government. If not, you will need to do some research. (Refer to guide to finding your local council member.)
2. Contact your Champion. Once you identify the government official to lead the charge, find people who live in his/her district. Every governing body has their own path to getting measures passed. You will want to ask for the timeline in their governing body and if there are any other members you should speak to before a vote to ensure passage. Take any necessary actions promptly and report to the sponsor if necessary.
3. Day of the Hearing. The Support Group Leader, or whoever has taken on leading this effort for your group, should make sure to sign up to speak during the public comment portion of the evening. It is a good idea for the speaker to have a written statement. The speaker should briefly explain whom they represent (IMF and the name of the support group), why they support the resolution and the importance of it to the council members and community/state. (Refer to template speech.)
4. Media. Once the resolution you know the proclamation will be signed, make sure all MAM events are publicized in the media. (Refer to Media Tips) Immediately send out a press release telling what was passed, what organization proposed it, who the primary sponsor was, and mention any other individuals who were instrumental in its passage. Publicity is the way to make your community more aware of Multiple Myeloma. It will also show those who voted for the resolution you are grateful to them and you are taking action on the measure they spent time passing for you. We will provide you with a generic press release that you can customize and submit to local papers.
Click here to email Aimee Martin with your name, email, town and one of the MAM Proclamation Leadership Team will send you all the materials you need to succeed!
MAM Proclamation Leadership Team 2014
Cindy Ralston, Kansas
Linda Huguelet, Tennessee
Jack Aiello, California
Mary Polancih, Wisconsin
Laura Mooney, New York
Josephine Diagonale, Delaware
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The man accused of killing two children is out of jail. Police say Robert Icenogle was behind the wheel when he smashed into a stalled van in Colorado Springs.
Icenogle allegedly admitted to police he was taking two prescriptions when the accident happened Monday afternoon.
Neto White, 9, and 17-year-old Leondro Carabajal died while trying to push a stalled van out of traffic on Pikes Peak near Parkside, not far from Memorial Park. Leondro's mother Jessica told 11 News her son was trying to help.
"It shows you how quick you can blink your eyes, one minute they're here and gone the next," she said.
Court papers show Robert Icenogle was on the powerful prescriptions Phenergan and Methadone at the time of the crash.
Prosecutors said Wednesday proving those kinds of cases aren't always cut and dry.
"Because there aren't the levels we have with alcohol, because sometimes it's not picked up in tests, it can make it a more difficult case to prove," said District Attorney Dan May.
With respect to prescription drugs, May said in some cases there is other evidence such as warnings printed clearly on the label that could hold up with a jury in court.
"If it's going to affect you, don't drive," May said. "You are a danger on the roads."
Records posted by the Colorado Department of Transportation show more than 400 people in our state were killed over a five-year period by people who were driving while on drugs, including prescription meds.
Convictions linked to driving under the influence of drugs carries the same penalties as driving while drunk, including jail time and loss of a driver's license.
Robert Icenogle is due back in court next week. 11 News will stay on top of what happens next.
KKTV firmly believes in freedom of speech for all and we are happy to provide this forum for the community to share opinions and facts. We ask that commenters keep it clean, keep it truthful, stay on topic and be responsible. Comments left here do not necessarily represent the viewpoint of KKTV 11 News.
If you believe that any of the comments on our site are inappropriate or offensive, please tell us by clicking "Report Abuse" and answering the questions that follow. We will review any reported comments promptly.powered by Disqus


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His Royal Highness finally has a name! Welcome to the world, Prince George Alexander Louis of Cambridge. The name is particularly significant because the little one will one day become King George VII, assuming both his daddy Prince William and grandpa Prince Charles both take the throne. Prince George is believed to be named for his great-great-grandfather George VI, father of Queen Elizabeth II. Now can we let mama Kate Middleton chill out with her son for a couple of minutes?
I need some spies in charlottesville! In the Big Fat Rumor of the Day, we heard about a possible "VIP wedding" going down in Charlottesville, Virginia. The wedding? Jennifer Aniston and Justin Theroux. Worst case scenario, we just got a bad tip. A source called the allegedy winery where it took place and said, "I heard you hosted a VIP wedding recently. Is this correct? You don't have to say who it is." She hesitated for a moment and said "yeah, I'm not in a position to comment on that at the moment." So at some point, they flew to Charlottesville to have a quickie wedding. But when?
Jason Sudeikis has finally announced that he will not be coming back to "Saturday Night Live". On last night's "Letterman", he said, "I'm definitely done. I'm gonna be leaving. I'm not coming back in the fall." There's been speculation that Jason would be leaving for well over a year now. He's not the only one, Fred Armisen and Bill Hader are also leaving the show. Seth Meyers is gone and will be replacing Jimmy Fallon on "Late Night" while Jimmy will be taking over the throne of "The Tonight Show" for Jay Leno.
There's a rumor going around that Blake Lively and Ryan Reynolds are expecting a baby. While they are hoping to start a family and have many many of the most beautiful children. Sadly, they are not doing so right now. According to their reps, Blake is not pregnant.


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May 5, 2016
January 13, 2006
It was a busy day for exterminators as they caught hundreds of bats inside an Aiken County middle school. News 12 tells you how the school is handling the bat bother.
A nest of bats is outside Schofield Middle School's cafeteria. And some are flying inside, even into the halls, but no bats have come into direct contact with students.
Exterminators have been at the school since Tuesday and they've already caught several hundred bats. We found this one on the sidewalk when we stopped by.
The school has the cafeteria off limits to students. The food service staff is serving students bagged lunches in their classrooms. The exterminators say they're not killing the bats, just capturing them and treating the area, so they don't come back.
On Thursday a note went home to parents explaining the situation. The note says students have been warned about the danger of bats.
The South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control has been informed of the situation. The school hopes the bat problem will go away in the next few days.
The exterminator says bats are fairly common in old buildings. The cafeteria at Schofield Middle was built in the early 1960's.
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Well im 19 and single ..love my sports and going out...would love to see all the famous sites throughout the world and europe is where i would love to travel to one day. I hope that i get the chance to travel to europe in the near future
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Sundarbans mangroves
Mangrove habitat near Bombay, India. Photographer: Mauri Rautkari, WWF
The Sundarbans mangroves ecoregion is the Earth's most extensive mangrove ecosystem. Named after the dominant mangrove species present in this ecoregion, Heritiera fomes, locally known as sundri, this is the single mangrove ecoregion that harbours the Indo-Pacific region's largest predator, the Tiger (Panthera tigris).
Unlike in other habitats, here Tigers live and swim among the mangrove islands, where they hunt scarce prey such as Chital Deer (Axis axis), Indian Muntjac deer (Muntiacus muntjak), Wild Boar (Sus scrofa), and even the Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta). Sometimes, the people who venture into these almost impenetrable forests fall victim to the tigers, as they seek to gather honey, to fish, and to cut mangrove trees in order to make charcoal.
But the ecoregion's importance is not based solely on its role as a priority Tiger conservation area. Mangroves are a transition from the marine to freshwater and terrestrial systems. They provide critical habitat for numerous species of fishes and crustaceans that are adapted to live, reproduce, and spend their juvenile lives among the tangled mass of roots, known as pneumatophores, that grow upward from the anaerobic mud to respire a supply of carbon dioxide.
Location and General Description
Source: WWF
The ecoregion lies in the vast delta formed by the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers. The maze of mangrove channels extends across southern Bangladesh and the West Bengal State of India. The June to September monsoon regularly brings heavy rains and frequent devastating cyclones that cause widespread destruction. Annual rainfall can exceed 3500 millimeters (mm), and daytime temperatures can exceed a stifling 480C during these monsoon months.
Mangroves are not biologically diverse compared with most other terrestrial ecosystems. The undisturbed forests have an unstratified, dense canopy and an undergrowth made up of seedlings and saplings of the canopy trees. In the Sundarbans, the mangrove forests are characterized by Heritiera fomes, a species valued for its timber. Other species that comprise the forest assemblage include Avicennia spp., Xylocarpus mekongensis, X. granatum, Sonneratia apetala, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Cereops decandra, Aegiceras corniculatum, Rhizophora mucronata, and the Nipa Palm (Nypa fruticans).
Source: WWF
Biodiversity Features
This vast mangrove ecosystem along the marine, freshwater, and terrestrial interfaces provides critical ecosystem functions. The tangled mass of roots from mangrove trees provides safe havens for juvenile stages of a gamut of species, from fish fry to shrimp naupleii.
The ecoregion harbors several mammals, but the most charismatic undoubtedly is the majestic Bengal Tiger that swims from island to mangrove island searching for and hunting scarce prey. Because this ecoregion represents the only example of tigers ecologically adapted to a life in the mangroves, it has been designated a Level I TCU. The tiger's reputation as a human-eater is greater here than anywhere else in its range; the people who venture into the Sundarbans must take great precautions to avoid being attacked. One fascinating deterrent is wearing a mask in the back of the head because the Tiger is thought to be less likely to attack a human looking directly at him.
Several other predators dwell in this labyrinth of channels. Two species of crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus and C. palustris), the Gangetic gavial (Gavialis gangeticus), and the water Monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) use both land and water to hunt and bask in. Sharks and the Gangetic freshwater dolphins (Platanista gangetica) inhabit the waterways. And several birds of prey patrol the sky overhead. More cryptic and equally fascinating are the mudskippers, a gobioid fish that climbs out of the water into mudflats and even climbs trees. An abundance of crabs, hermit crabs, and shrimp scavenge among the roots.
More than 170 bird species are known to inhabit these mangrove forests, including a single endemic species (table 1). This brown-winged kingfisher is limited to the coastal habitats in this ecoregion.
Table 1. Endemic and Near-Endemic Bird Species.
Common Name
Brown-winged Kingfisher
Pelargopsis amauropterus*
Asterisk indicates that the taxon range is limited to this ecoregion.
The bird assemblage also includes the globally threatened Lesser Adjutant Stork (Leptoptilos javanicus) and threatened Masked Finfoot (Heliopais personata). There are twelve birds of prey that cohabit within this ecoregion, including the Osprey (Pandion haliaetus), White-bellied Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster), and Grey-headed Fish-eagle (Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus). The mangrove ecosystem also is an important staging and wintering area for migratory birds, which include several taxa of shorebirds, gulls and terns.
Current Status
Bangladesh supports one of the world's highest human population densities. About half of this ecoregion's mangrove forests have been over-harvested to supply the fuelwood and other natural resources extracted from these forests by this high human population density. Despite the intense and large-scale exploitation, the ecoregion remains one of the largest contiguous areas of mangroves on Earth.
There are seven protected areas that cover almost 2700 square kilometers (km2), or 15 percent of the ecoregion (table 2). Despite the high proportion of the ecoregion being within the protected area system, only one of these, Sajnakhali, is large enough to support a space-dependent species such as the tiger. Many of the protected areas also lack trained and dedicated personnel and infrastructure to adequately manage them.
Table 2. Protected Areas That Overlap with the Ecoregion.
Protected Area
Area (km2)
IUCN Category
Sundarbans East
Char Kukri-Mukri
Sundarbans South
Sundarbans West
Halliday Island
Lothian Island
Types and Severity of Threats
The conservation status of the ecoregion was changed from vulnerable to endangered because of the projected human threats. The human population in the Sundarbans, now estimated at more than two million, continues to increase very rapidly. Hunting and trapping wildlife, cutting and lopping trees for fuelwood and to make charcoal, and overexploiting the trees for timber by the forestry industry are some of the most severe current threats. Shrimp fry are being collected at unsustainable levels to supply the shrimp grow-out industry, and the mangrove forests are cut and cleared to build shrimp grow-out ponds, contributing to habitat degradation and habitat loss. There is also the potential for harmful effluents to enter the mangrove waterways from a proposed fertilizer plant.
But some of the greatest threats to this ecoregion's biodiversity emanate from thousands of kilometers away. The rivers that feed and flush the mangroves bring down heavy silt loads as a result of deforestation and erosion in the Himalayan Range. This silt and water turbidity have profound effects on the sensitive mangrove ecosystem and its flora and fauna, especially on the juvenile stages that the mangroves support. The diversion of more than 30 percent of the Ganges River's dry season flow through the Farraka Barrage in India to provide irrigation for agriculture has dramatically increased salinity levels and disrupted fish migration and breeding patterns. The delicately balanced community composition in these mangroves is determined to a large part by salinity levels.
Protected Areas
A substantial portion of this ecoregion has been designated as a World Heritage Site. The total area of the Bangladesh section of Sundarbans is 595,000 hectares (ha) of which 139,699 hectares are protected as follows: Sundarbans West Wildlife Sanctuary with 71,502 hectares; Sundarbans East Wildlife Sanctuary with 31,226 hectares; and Sundarbans South Wildlife Sanctuary with 36,970 hectares. Sundarbans National Park (133,010 hectares), a World Heritage Site, is situated to the west in India.
This article was reviewed and approved by topic editor Mark McGinley
- Blower, J. (1985). Sundarbans Forest Inventory Project, Bangladesh. Wildlife conservation in the Sundarbans. Project Report 151. Overseas Development Administration, Land Resources Development Centre, Surbiton, UK. 39 pp.
- Chaffey, D. R. and Sadom, J.H. (1985). Sundarbans Forestry Inventory Project. A glossary of vernacular plant names and a field key to trees. Overseas Development Administration, Land Resources Development Centre, Surbiton, UK. 23 pp.
- Champion, H. G. (1936). A preliminary survey of the forest types of India and Burma. Indian Forest Record (New Series) 1: 1-286.
- Choudhury, A. M. (1968). Working plan of the Sundarban Forest Division for the period from 1960-61 to 1979-80. Vol. I. Government of East Pakistan, Forest Department, Dacca. 82 pp.
- Christensen, B. (1984). Ecological aspects of the Sundarbans. FO: TCP/BGD/2309 (Mf). FAO, Rome.
- Sarker, S. U. and Sarker, N. J. (1986). Status and distribution of birds of the Sundarbans, Bangladesh. The Journal of Noami 3: 19-33.
- Scott, D. A. (Ed.) (1989). A Directory of Asian wetlands. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 1,181 pp. ISBN: 2880329841.
- Seidensticker, J. and Hai, M. A. (1983). The Sundarbans Wildlife Management Plan: conservation in the Bangladesh coastal zone. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 120 pp.
- Siddiqi, N. A. and Choudhury, J. H. (1987). Man-eating behaviour of tigers (Panthera tigris Linn) of the Sundarbans - twenty-eight years' record analysis. Tigerpaper 14(3): 26-32.
Disclaimer: This article contains some information that was originally published by the World Wildlife Fund. Topic editors and authors for the Encyclopedia of Earth have edited its content and added new information. The use of information from the World Wildlife Fund should not be construed as support for or endorsement by that organization for new content added by EoE authors, or for editing of the earlier content.


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Not being a science girl myself, I knew if I were going to write a novel like Evolution, Me, and Other Freaks of Nature, I'd better spend a proper amount of time doing research. So I'm sorry to say I gave up many lazy summer days (okay, maybe weeks) to plow through Charles Darwin's Origin of Species, highlighting and underlining and giving myself some massive headaches, before I realized there was a much easier way to go about it.
So that fall I went back to high school. I sat in on freshman biology classes for a month. And... Read More


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KCBS-TV reports 64-year-old Walter Williams was taken into custody Tuesday.
Williams was wanted for the alleged sexual exploitation of children and traveling abroad to engage in illicit sex acts with children.
The former Palm Springs resident was charged in an indictment filed in Los Angeles federal court.
On Monday he was the added to the FBI's regularly updated list of the most wanted fugitives.
Williams was a professor of gender and sexuality studies at USC until 2011.
A call to the FBI by The Associated Press seeking additional details was not immediately returned.
Information from: KCBS-TV, http://www.cbs2.com/


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