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Posts Tagged 'Sensate Focus'
Bleep Interviews Sensate Focus
This week sees the launch of a new sub-label of Editions Mego. The label is called Sensate Focus. The artist is Sensate Focus. The release is called Sensate Focus 10.
The man behind it all is Mark Fell from SND. We decided to catch up with the man himself to see what it is all about…
Bleep: With a few aliases to your name, why the new one? Does it refer to something specific apart from being the act of 'non-intercourse', sexual exercise?
Sensate Focus: I think at first I was drawn to the word 'sensate' in terms of the sensation of sound, as opposed to it being some kind of means of expression or communication. My music doesn't aim express or communicate anything. So the idea of sensate was to focus on the sound as the main area of interest. In this sense, the point of the music isn't directed at the goal of understanding its message. So the idea of Sensate Focus seemed to fit my agenda here.
In this case the sound is not meant to be anything unusual, for example its not an exercise in creating radical new synthetic sound textures. Instead it focusses on the chordal and percussive sounds and patterns found in some forms of club music. Particularly chord stabs and pads you might hear in House and Techno music. In this it follows a similar template to my work with Mat Steel, as SND, but is slightly different in terms of the specific sounds and patterns it explores.
B:Can you elaborate on where you might be taking Sensate Focus as an artist? I.e. some of your work as Mark Fell crosses into the realms of installation and audiovisual performance.
SF: Ideally the label will release work that can be played in clubs and people can actually dance to is. The label and project will be including other producers but all released under the name Sensate Focus. I already have a few people on board to work with. Also my solo work tends to be quite messed up, so i wanted to make a stylistic distinction between that and this.
In the solo projects I have been releasing recently, the work uses some simple programming structures to generate the patterns. Whereas with Sensate Focus, the initial idea is that everything should be made with the pencil tool in a grid based music editor, for example: Logic, Cubase or Digital Performer. I never use this tool in my solo work to create patterns. So this is the main difference in terms of production and thats why the logo for the project is the pencil, also Peter at Editions Mego had loads of pencils made. They are meant to look like the pencil in Logic or something similar, I liked the idea to give this some kind of physical form outside the software.
B:Is this to be an output for more accessible Mark Fell productions? What's the connection with Editions Mego?
SF: It's not meant to be any more accessible, popular or less experimental than any other work I do; those kinds of questions don't really interest me. Primarily it's meant to be music i like. I have a big problem with the whole idea of calling some music experimental and others just popular. Think for example of the beginning of acid house music, for me this was as experimental as anything coming out of research centres or more 'serious' musical practices. Obviously some music sounds weirder than others but i would just put this down to a question of familiarity or more or less unusual; not that one is more normal and one is more experimental. So for me editions mego is an ideal platform to undermine that distinction.
I also like the kind of relationship between the same group working in different combinations and under different pseudonyms. Think for example of the amazing work done by Tack Head, Fats Comet and Mark Stewart and the Maffia. It seemed like different versions of the same song would turn up in different guises – that situation fascinates me. For me, the best example of this is 'DJs Dream' by Fats Comet and 'Hypnotised' by Mark Stewart – two versions of the same thing that form a dialogue with one another. Not knowing the story behind the production of these records perhaps 'Hypnotised' is a car crash of a remix of 'DJs Dream', or perhaps 'DJs Dream' is a polished remix of 'Hypnotised'. But it seemed to me the tension between the two releases, and words 'ream' and 'hypnotised' articulated a complex position in relation to the political climate in britain at that time.
B:Can you give us an idea what's next for Sensate Focus as a label and Sensate focus as an artist?
SF: I'm just working on the second release and a remix of the first release. I think i will make a track with my son who is a DJ based in Leeds and I think I might also ask my dad to work on something with me. Which would be quite mental….


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Restarting Apache kills scriptPosted: June 12th, 2012 | Author: Gregg | Filed under: Linux, Tech | Tags: apache, apache kills child, apache script dies, apache stop and kills process, child process dies, disown, nohup, php, php fork, php fork die, restart apache, restart apache and process stops, restart apache kills thread, restart apache process dies, start bash apache, start script apache, sudo, sudo start bash apache, sudo start script | No Comments »
Another pretty specific problem. If you have a bash script or any script that you gave sufficient privileges in the sudoers file and want the apache process to run. If apache starts the processes directly with nohup or disown, etc. when you restart apache all of those child processes die. The workaround/logic is this:
1. Call initial php file through the browser
2. That file uses PHP Exec to call another php file through the command line
3. The command line PHP file forks twice and then calls whatever command/script that will be independent of the apache process.
Thanks to Jacob Kiers for having the ONLY site to describe this issue on the internet.
His site is here.
Our example
First file:
$name = $_POST['name'];
exec('php ' . EQ_APP_PATH . '/scripts/thread_start.php ' . $name);
Second file:
$name = $argv[1];
/* Fork once */
$pid = pcntl_fork();
if ($pid === -1) {
die('First fork failed!');
} else if ($pid) { // if parent
/* Fork again (as session leader) */
posix_setsid(); // become session leader
$pid = pcntl_fork();
if ($pid === -1) {
die('Second fork failed!');
} else if ($pid) { // if parent
exec('nohup sudo ' . dirname(__FILE__) . '/thread_start.sh ' . $name . ' > /dev/null 2>&1 &');
At the end of the above file, you call your script with nohup that will be independent of the apache process.
This way if you start the process with a webpage/apache, it will not die when apache is restarted or crashes.

subset: commoncrawl


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May 5, 2016
North Carolina Gov. Beverly Perdue says vetoing a bill that would have required photo identification to vote at the polls is one of her proudest accomplishments as governor.
The News & Observer of Raleigh reported that Perdue made the comments at a Democratic Party women's breakfast in Asheville over the weekend. She argued that more than 1 million people would have been disenfranchised if the 2011 bill had become law.
Republicans voter ID supporters say it would prevent voting fraud and the number of displaced voters is overblown.
Perdue also told the 300 people that political ads calling North Carolina broken are not true.
Republican gubernatorial nominee Pat McCrory says he'll fix the state's broken government and economy. Perdue is not seeking re-election this fall.
(Copyright 2012 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)
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Mark Marshall banned for two years after failing drugs test
16:35 10 May 2012
The Barnet winger, who was linked with a move to West Ham, Leeds and Portsmouth in January, will not be allowed to return to football until 2014
Barnet winger Mark Marshall has been banned by an Independent Regulatory Commission from all football activity for two years, following a positive test for a prohibited substance in competition.
The 25-year-old, who was linked with West Ham, Leeds and Portsmouth in January, has been provisionally suspended since January 20.
Marshall tested positive for Methylhexaneamine following Barnet's League Two fixture with Dagenham & Redbridge on Boxing Day last year.
A provisional suspension was put in place by The Football Association on January 20 and the Independent Regulatory Commission has confirmed this as the date of the commencement of Marshall's two year suspension.


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Graduate Bulletin 2013-2015 » Academic Programs and Courses » Middle and High School Education » Courses in Middle and High School Education » ESC 733: Teaching Music in the Middle Schools.
ESC 733: Teaching Music in the Middle Schools.
3 hours, 3 credits. Knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to teach music in middle schools in diverse neighborhoods and the role of national, State, and City standards in the assessments of student achievement. Includes supervised fieldwork in middle schools in a variety of socioeconomic areas. PRE- or COREQ: Admission to M.A.T. program in applied music and music teaching or permission of the Graduate Adviser.
Last modified: 8/4/2015


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October 9, 2008
Justin Wilmeth
The first quarter of the college football season is typically pretty boring. Most schools square off against directional sisters of the blind academies and tee off, winning games with little resistance. That's just the nature of the college game. But now things are getting down to the nitty gritty. This weekend, a pair of games in the Big 12 will get things hopping in the conference race. Texas faces Oklahoma early in the day, while Oklahoma State takes on Missouri that evening. The games signal that the meat of the schedule has arrived.With both schools scoring a ton of points, the game between the Cowboys and Tigers looks to be a high-scoring affair. Are the scoreboards at Faurot Field in working order? They better be, as this game has "track meet" written all over it. Could this be the game of the year in the conference? We'll have to see about that, but for now we can say this is a big game. So what can Orange Country expect from the Tigers? A tough out, that's what.TIGERS AT A GLANCELocation: Columbia, Mo. 2007 record: 12-2 (7-1 Big 12)Game time: 7 p.m. Central (TV: ESPN2)Current record: 5-0 (1-0 Big 12)Last week: 52-17 win over Nebraska in LincolnCurrent ranking: No. 3 in the AP (OSU No. 17)Fact of the week: Mizzou was the first public university west of the Mississippi River, founded in 1839. Also, MU created the world's first journalism school in 1908. Today, it's known as one of the best journalism schools in the nation.THE BIG THING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT
the Tiger offense: In short, it's roaring. Mizzou is lighting up the competition, scoring 53.4 points per game, good for second in the country. Overall, the offense is putting up 568 yards per game, good for third nationally. The strong suit of their offense is the passing game, where the Tigers rank third nationally with 375 ypg. That has a lot to do with Chase Daniel, who is only getting better and better. The senior from Texas is just halfway under the stats he put up in 2007. So far this season, Daniel has completed 76 percent of his passes for 1,165 yards and 15 touchdowns. He has two 400-yard passing games already this season, which was the same total he had all of last year. The only stats that are worse than last year for him is on the ground. He just doesn't need to run this year and that's because of Derrick Washington. He's averaging 100 ypg rushing, which lands him at No. 25 nationally and second in the Big 12. He had 139 yards and two scores last week at Nebraska. Also helping out Daniel's stats is the deep wide receiver corps. Mizzou has two wideouts in the Top 25 nationally in receiving yards a game, Jeremy Maclin (96 ypg; 17th) and Chase Coffman (90; 22nd).
the Tiger defense: Ranking 83rd nationally in total defense, Mizzou's defensive unit is solid against one phase but not so much in the other. The Tigers rank 116th in pass defense (281 ypg), but come in 15th in rush defense (95 ypg). Aside from the 42 points allowed against Illinois to start the season, the Tigers have done a pretty good job of limiting points from the opposition. Mizzou comes in 44th in scoring defense (20 ppg) kept Nebraska to only 17 points last weekend. As far as impact players on this side of the ball, pay attention to Ziggy Hood[db] on the defensive line (two sacks against Buffalo), [db]Sean Witherspoon[db] at linebacker (three interceptions and two sacks in 2008) and [db]William Moore at defensive back (22 tackles on the season).
the coach: With three losing seasons in his first four years in Columbia, Gary Pinkel got off to a shaky start at Mizzou. But all that is a distant memory for Tiger fans now. Last season's 12-2 mark ended with a win in the Cotton Bowl and a No. 4 ranking in the last AP poll of the 2007 campaign. They pick up where they left off this season, back in the Top 10 and a serious Big 12 title and BCS game threat. Pinkel is in his eighth season now and has done a masterful job of lifting the Tigers up from annual also-ran to Big 12 contender.OVERALL THOUGHTSThis might be the most exciting game in the Big 12 this season. The conference is spoiled with many great matchups all fall, but it could be argued this game will be the most explosive offensively this season. OSU has a top 10 offense and a lethal running game; Mizzou has a top 10 offense and a lethal passing attack. Both teams have amazing skill players at quarterback, running back and wideout. Both teams have weaknesses on defense that can be exploited. In short, this is a television scheduler's dream. The Cowboys are in position to be the darkest of darkhorses in the league race with a win, while the Tigers can solidify their control of the Big 12 North by beating the Pokes. Look for this to be a high-scoring affair, but a close one. Faurot Field is sold out and the Tigers will need the home-field advantage. That'll be the difference in this one, as Mizzou holds on for a 54-48 win over the Cowboys. ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now!
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Event Calendar
**GRANT DUE** Arts & Humanities: Art Works
Date: Friday, August 8th, 2014
Location: -
Title Art Works
Agency National Endowment for the Humanities
Eligibility Nonprofit, tax-exempt, U.S. organizations; units of state or local government; or federally recognized tribal communities or tribes may apply.
Due March 7 and August 8 (different requirements for each deadline)
Budget $10,000 to $100,000
Summary To support the creation of art that meets the highest standards of excellence, public engagement with diverse and excellent art, lifelong learning in the arts, and the strengthening of communities through the arts. Within these areas, innovative projects are strongly encouraged.
Contact Sage Research Institute (email@example.com)
This event occurs on:
- Thursday, August 8th, 2013
- Friday, August 8th, 2014
- Saturday, August 8th, 2015


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Date(s) - 10/20/2012
2:30-pm - 5:00-pm
Library Auditorium
As part of our adult programing we will now be screening free movies! Kids and teens are welcome at these events, but not all movies will be appropriate for all ages, so parental discretion is advised. This month's Halloween movie stars Jim Varney, was filmed in Nashville, and is rated PG. Call the library to find out the movie title for each month: 423-245-8140


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Carry this color and show your support for breast cancer research. Learn more about the Vera Bradley Foundation for Breast Cancer.
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Learn more about Personalization
Cook up some fun with this sweet apron, featuring a flattering, gathered waistline, Signature Vera Bradley colors and coordinating trim. Packaged in an irresistibly adorable oven-shaped box, it's perfect for gift giving or keeping.
33 ½" H x 18 ¾" W
Machine wash cold, gentle cycle, only non-chlorine bleach when needed, line dry


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May 6, 2016
Associated Press Release
TALLAHASSEE, Fla. (AP) -- Fla. Gov. Rick Scott isn't going to succeed in getting $2,500 pay raises for the state's teachers.
Florida legislators meeting over the weekend have settled on setting aside nearly $500 million to boost teacher pay. But House and Senate budget negotiators made it clear they will not hand out raises the way Scott wanted.
Instead, legislators will push ahead with a proposal to base the raises on teacher performance. They also plan to offer raises to beyond classroom teachers -- a move which could also lower the amount offered to each employee.
Scott had made the across the board teacher pay raise one of his top priorities for the 2013 session. But legislators had signaled their reluctance with the proposal from the start.
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CFP: Return to Gender (grad) (UK) (9/1/06; 11/25/06)
full name / name of organization:
Churnjeet Kaur Mahn
contact email:
Return to Gender: Sex and Context across the Disciplines
The University of Glasgow will be hosting an AHRC sponsored postgraduate conference on NOVEMBER 25TH 2006 to stage a series of debates on the uses of gender in the work of postgraduates in a variety of disciplines. The conference will address a series of questions on the relevance of feminine, masculine and queer identities in an academic environment dominated by uses of 'post'. Are studies of sex becoming anachronistic in the face of gender, and have they lost their political potential through a cultural relativism that uses culture over sex as a primary axis of difference? We invite papers to discuss any and all applications of gender in their work across academic disciplines. Possible topics and questions include:
* Media constructions of gender
We invite abstracts of 200-300 words for 20 minute papers to be submitted electronically by SEPTEMBER 1ST 2006 to returntogender_at_arts.gla.ac.uk, with institutional affiliation and contact details. Participants at the conference will be invited to submit their papers to eSharp, Glasgow's award-winning postgraduate journal. They will then be considered for publication in a Spring 2007 issue on gender. Please get in touch if you have any questions regarding the conference.
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Car Seat Compatible - Use your tike tech from the get go with our snap on car seat adapter. This adapter attaches in seconds and makes this stroller useable from the moment you bring your little bundle of joy home.
Bassinet Compatible - Use your tike tech from the get go with a tike tech plush basinet. This bassinet snaps on the frame in seconds and provides a bed like atmosphere for your little one while strolling.
Front End - 16 inch front fixed wheel provides unmatched freedom. Hit the beach, gravel roads, snow filled side walks. Do it all with the rugged stroller.
Suspension: IFD Shox (independent frame damping) dampens unwanted vibrations at wheel impact creating a totally smooth ride.
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Canopy -Removable (multi positional) with adjustable "low drop down visor". Includes a large moon roof with moon roof cover.
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Safety feature overview: 5-point harness with chest strap / rear parking brake / tether wrist strap.
Warranty: 5 year on frame. Standard 1 year on soft goods.
Optional Accessories - Snap in Infant Car seat adapter / Snap in Bassinet / All-season Covers / Seat Inserts/Water bottle holders / snack and pack saddle bag / Foot muffs.


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Withstands 4 times the normal point pressure. Non-porous Ceylon graphite cores are dense and durable. Cedar wood casings sharpen easily. Grades from 9B (softest) to 9H (hardest). Also Sets.
Package of 2 — Save on purchases of the most popular grades, available in carded packages.
® General's is a registered trademark of the General Pencil Company.


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ARUNDEL MILLS, Md. (WUSA9) -- Work is still underway on the poker room at Maryland Live! Casino but officials have already named the Director of Poker Operations.
Maryland Live! officials say Mike Smith has joined the team.He will oversee all development as construction on the state-of-the-art poker room continues "as well as day-to-day operations to add more than 50 traditional poker tables to the new casino floor," according to a press release.
Before this position, officials say Smith served as Director of Poker at Isle Casino in Pompano Beach, Florida. He also worked at the Grand Casino in Biloxi, MS and the Seminole Hard Rock in Hollywood, Florida.
The Poker Room will open in late this summer, say officials.


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See All Contributors »
This team will be remembered for beginning the turn-around and as one of the most entertaining in recent memory. I am going to miss DG, JVB, and Jake. GO CLONES!!!!
I really really liked this team so I'm upset we didn't win a couple more close games. Go State!
Originally Posted by cyclonenate
I really really liked this team so I'm upset we didn't win a couple more close games. Go State!
Played like warriors despite lack of depth and set the stage for the future of Hoiberg teams.
I enjoyed this team. The non conference part of the season was down right special and was a lot of fun. The conference play was heartbreaking but this team played as hard as any we have had since LE was coach. You've got to like that for Fred's first year. Team played HARD...not much more we can ask for.
Come on guys. These seniors played hard all year. DG was our best player this year, JVB provided a lot of excitement when he was on. They stuck through the McD years and bought into what Fred was selling and they gave us one of the most entertaining seasons probably since 2004-05.
Sorry to be a Debbie Downer, but they better figure out a way to get this team to NOT blow leads in the last minute of every game or I'm simply going to lose my mind. I've never seen anything like it.
Thank you to Kagavi & amestoplease for the sweet designs!
Originally Posted by Ciclone
Played like warriors despite lack of depth and set the stage for the future of Hoiberg teams.
8 times out of 10, this is the only comfort Cyclone fans can take after a FB/MBB season. Hopefully we're not saying the same thing next year.
I will miss Jake, done with DG and JVB.
I thought it was funny that the announces kept saying that CU look tired.
It was a up and down season - but it was still fun to watch. Proud to call them Cyclones, they gave it their best.
FH gets an A+ for the season in my book. He did more than McD ever did with less players.
***King of Diplomacy***
***Surviving Member of the Sandlot Mafia***
If you can't play in the last 2 minutes what good are you.
yeah i'm totally glad our 2nd best assist leader in Cyclone history is gone. idiots
A work hard team, just the begining for Fred, great things to happen soon
This team sorta reminds me of LE's first year. Not very talented overall, short bench but they played their *** off every night.
It was fun to watch DG blossom this year. You always knew he had the ability but playing in McDermott's "offense" is enough to make a lot of people look bad.
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3M Widescreen Display LCD Privacy Filter
by 3M | Item #: 552200 | Model #: MMMPF201W |
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3M LCD Privacy Filter for 20.1" Wide LCD Displays
Darkens on-screen images for anyone viewing the screen from the side, yet no blurring or distortion for the person directly in front of the screen. Protects your privacy in high traffic areas. Protects LCD screen from fingerprints and scratches. Easy to attach and remove.
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Comments On Feb 26, 2015:If you buy a trail tech computer and plan to ride off road and fall down, you need one of these too. We purchased the clamps that come with the computer in bulk because at least one clamp would get broken each weekend. Tried one of these, then another, and now all of our bikes have these protecting the trail tech computers and we don't come home with computers taped to our handlebars anymore. We have used them on a Yamaha TTR-125L, YZ125, YZ250F and Husqvarna WR125, and TXC 450. The only issue we have had was with the throttle cable on the YZ125 getting caught on it. One well placed zip tie fixed that problem.
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Comments On Jun 14, 2012:Makes mounting a breeze. Great product for the speedo.
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Comments On Jul 27, 2011:Nice looking and tough! flipped the Wr450 and bent it, but the computer was safe! Way better than the stock plastic mount.
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Comments On May 23, 2011:Had to modify it for my bike. The tabs later broke of due to vibration.
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Comments On May 19, 2011:Yes, it's a little pricey, but is well made, good looking and provides a really solid, vibration free mount for the Trail Tech speedometer. I have had one on my KLX300 for over 4 years now and it still looks like new.
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Comments On Dec 23, 2010:Great product wouldn't buy again though. Works great just you dont need it i think. 50 bucks is pretty pricey too.
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Comments On Oct 22, 2007:This is a good product, but does not fit an XR 400 when fat bars are mounted. The adapter kit for the fat bars does not allow mounting of this product.
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Search Swinburne Research Bank
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/37201
|Download PDF (Author's final draft) (Adobe Acrobat PDF, -1 bytes)
- Title
- Keck spectroscopy of globular clusters in the spiral galaxy NGC 2683
- Author(s)
- Proctor, Robert N.; Forbes, Duncan A.; Brodie, Jean P.; Strader, Jay
- Abstract
- We analyse Keck spectra of 24 candidate globular clusters (GCs) associated with the spiral galaxy NGC 2683. We identify 19 bona fide GCs based on their recession velocities, of which 15 were suitable for stellar population analysis. Age and metallicity determinations reveal old ages in 14 out of 15 GCs. These old GCs exhibit age and metallicity distributions similar to that of the Milky Way GC system. One GC in NGC 2683 was found to exhibit an age of ~3 Gyr. The age, metallicity and α-element abundance of this centrally located GC are remarkably similar to the values found for the Galactic Centre itself, providing further evidence for a recent star formation event in NGC 2683.
- Publication type
- Journal article
- Research centre
- Swinburne University of Technology. Faculty of Information and Communication Technologies. Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing
- Source
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 385, no. 4 (Mar 2008), p. 1709-1717
- Publication year
- 2008
- Keyword(s)
- Galaxies; Globular clusters; NGC 2683; Star clusters
- Publisher
- Wiley-Blackwell Publishing
- 0035-8711
- Publisher URL
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2008 Royal Astronomical Society. Author's final draft reproduced here in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher.
- Full text
- Peer reviewed


text:
The Power of Independent Thinking
Bureaucracy vs. The Environment: What Should Be Done?
Recorded: Wednesday, June 28, 2006
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Environmental quality has been a major public concern since the first Earth Day in 1970, yet the maze of environmental regulations enacted since has fostered huge government bureaucracies better known for waste and failure than for innovation and success.
Experts: Carl P. Close, Michael Shaw, Randy T SimmonsType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Environment
What Should the U.S. Do about China?
Recorded: Wednesday, May 17, 2006
The recent U.S. alignment with India seems to be another indicator of an informal U.S. policy to contain China. Will strategic containment work if China is allowed to fully integrate itself with the world economy?
Experts: Ivan Eland, James Lilley, Eric McVadonType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Defense and Foreign Policy


text:
May 6, 2016
A man wanted for running a meth lab in Duplin county was arrested Wednesday afternoon after he was on the run for more than a week.
Sheriff Blake Wallace says 34-year-old James Simpson was found hiding out in Onslow County and is charged with manufacturing methamphetamine and possession of a weapon of mass destruction after a pipe bomb was found at his mobile home on on Sandridge Road near Beulaville last Monday.
Previous Story
Deputies and the State Bureau of Investigation are looking for a man they say was running a meth lab.
Duplin County Sheriff Blake Wallace says 34-year-old James Simpson fled a mobile home yesterday afternoon on Sandridge Road just outside of Beulaville when a deputy and police officer responded to a suspicious activity call.
Sheriff Wallace says Simpson is also known to live at 581 Cypress Creek Road in Richlands, that's in Onslow County.
The sheriff says 39-year-old Lisa Pierce was arrested at the scene for possession of a weapon of mass distruction after a pipe bomb was discovered at the secluded home.
If you see Simpson you're asked to call 911.
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text:
Lexus Tops as Survey Finds More Auto Dependability
Lexus is the top performer in a survey of vehicle dependability released Wednesday, but most other brands also showed improvement in an industry that has reached historically high dependability levels. Consulting firm J.D. Power and Associates polled 31,000 owners of 2009 model-year vehicles and rated brands by the number of problems owners have experienced in the last 12 months.


text:
33 U.S. Code § 2323a - Interagency and international support authority
prev | next
(a) In general
The Secretary may engage in activities (including contracting) in support of Federal departments or agencies, nongovernmental organizations, international organizations, or foreign governments to address problems of national significance to the United States.
(b) Consultation
The Secretary may engage in activities in support of international organizations or foreign governments only after consulting with the Department of State.
(c) Use of Corps' expertise
The Secretary may use the technical and managerial expertise of the Corps of Engineers to address domestic and international problems related to water resources, infrastructure development, and environmental protection and restoration.
(d) Funding
(1) In general
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2008 and each fiscal year thereafter.
Source(Pub. L. 104–303, title II, § 234,Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3704; Pub. L. 106–541, title II, § 207,Dec. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 2590; Pub. L. 110–114, title II, § 2030,Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1081; Pub. L. 113–121, title I, § 1029,June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1230.)
Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1996, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.
2014—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 113–121, § 1029(1), substituted "Federal departments or agencies, nongovernmental organizations," for "other Federal agencies,".
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–121, § 1029(2), inserted "or foreign governments" after "organizations".
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 113–121, § 1029(3), inserted "and restoration" after "protection".
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 113–121, § 1029(4), designated first and second sentences as pars. (1) and (2), respectively, inserted headings, and substituted "Federal departments or agencies, nongovernmental organizations," for "other Federal agencies," in par. (2).
2007—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–114, § 2030(1), added subsec. (a) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (a). Text read as follows: "The Secretary may engage in activities in support of other Federal agencies or international organizations to address problems of national significance to the United States."
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–114, § 2030(2), substituted "Department of State" for "Secretary of State".
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–114, § 2030(3), substituted "$1,000,000 for fiscal year 2008" for "$250,000 for fiscal year 2001" and ", international organizations, or foreign governments" for "or international organizations".
2000—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106–541substituted "There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $250,000 for fiscal year 2001 and each fiscal year thereafter." for "There is authorized to be appropriated $1,000,000 to carry out this section." and inserted "out" after "carry" in second sentence.
National Recreation Reservation Service
Pub. L. 106–541, title II, § 206,Dec. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 2590, provided that: "Notwithstanding section 611 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act, 1999 (112 Stat. 2681–515), the Secretary [of the Army] may—
"(1) participate in the National Recreation Reservation Service on an interagency basis; and
"(2) pay the Department of the Army's share of the activities required to implement, operate, and maintain the Service."
"Secretary" Defined
Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 ofPub. L. 104–303, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


text:
The Power of Independent Thinking
Economic Religion vs. Environmental Religion in America
Recorded: Thursday, October 7, 2010
Part 1 |
Part 2
Economics and environmentalism are types of modern religions. So says Robert H. Nelson in his analysis of the roots of economics and environmentalism and their mutually antagonistic relations in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The present debate raging over global warming exemplifies the clash of these two public theologies.
Experts: Steven F. Hayward, Robert H. Nelson, Max L. StackhouseType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Property Rights, Religion
The New International Arms Race in SpaceAnd How to Avoid It
Recorded: Friday, March 7, 2008
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Part 6
Did the United States test an anti-satellite weapon when it shot down an out-of-control spy satellite earlier this month? Or was it a precautionary measure to protect people on the ground who might have been hit with a fuel tank filled with a poisonous gas?
Experts: Peter L. Hays, Theresa Hitchens, Jeff Kueter, Mike MooreType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Defense and Foreign Policy, Diplomacy and Foreign Aid, Government Secrecy, History (International), History (U.S), Science, Technology


text:
The art of letter-writing may be fading, but not for a group of Heidelberg students, faculty and alumni who are doing their part to keep it alive.
Each spring, students and alumni, led by Dr. Cynthia Lepeley, travel to the Texas-Mexico border to participate in a week of service with children and families in three communities through A Resource in Serving Equality (ARISE). The relationships formed with the children in the ARISE program is life changing for many of the Heidelberg participants. A pen pal program grew out of the students' desire to continue their connections with the children throughout the year.
One alumnus, Andy Helms, has been on the border trip three times. He was eager to participate in the pen-pal program. "While I was on the border, I had a really amazing experience. I connected with the kids and families there more than I ever imagined I would," Helms said. "Working with them for a week just didn't seem like enough, so I jumped on the opportunity to write to a few of the kids I became especially close to."
The pen-pal program, which began in 2008, helps the children with their reading, writing and English skills and is also a great way to cultivate cross-cultural friendships, Lepeley said.
Sixteen children in Muniz, Mexico, are the most faithful letter writers, sharing correspondence with their American friends about every month or two. Some of the children, who range in age from 7 to 13, have more than one 'Berg pen pal, as do the Heidelberg students and alumni.
The program takes a bit of organization on both ends. When Lepeley receives the large, yellow envelope, she distributes the letters to the Heidelberg pen pals, who respond within a week or two. The letters are then mailed back to ARISE, where volunteers organize letter-writing sessions for the children. The cycle repeats every month or two.
"For some of the children, reading and writing isn't easy, but the women there say that they are always very excited to get our letters and that motivates them to want to write back," Lepeley said, noting that all of the correspondence is in English.
Senior Craig Sykes has traveled to the border twice. He was moved by the hospitality and kindness of the families he met. Despite the language barrier, he found that the children are much the same, regardless of where they live. "During the week there, you build such great relationships with the kids that you pal around with all day," he said. "Although you may not be able to understand some of them completely, the interaction is enough on its own."
Sykes formed a bond with a young boy named Jesus Lara, with whom he corresponded for a brief time. "I figured everyone needs a good friend to talk to, even if it is just writing." Jesus moved away and Sykes lost contact with him, but has since taken up writing to several other pen pals.
The contents of the letters are typical: school, holidays, families. "Maybe a piece of advice here and there with the older kids," Sykes said. Some of the children express their artistic sides by decorating the letters and envelopes, and they like to send and receive photos as well.
Seven-year-old Maggie has a special bond with Helms. She has a white teddy bear she named after him, and she likes to tell her secrets to the bear, Lepeley said.
"I plan to continue writing to my pen pals as long as they continue to write to me," Helms said. "The people and children I met on the border trip mean so much to me, and it's very important to me that I continue that relationship."
Lepeley is proud of her students for following through every time that big yellow envelope arrives. "I'm very proud of their commitment to the kids. It means a lot them," she said.


text:
this wiki
|Native Species:
|Alpha Quadrant
|United Federation of Planets
Betazed was an inhabited Federation planet in the Alpha Quadrant. Classified as M-class, this was the homeworld of the Betazoids.
Betazed was an important member world of the United Federation of Planets and its society had matriarchal elements. The Betazed Federation ambassador during the 2360s and '70s was Lwaxana Troi, daughter of the Fifth House, holder of the Sacred Chalice of Rixx, heir to the Holy Rings of Betazed. (TNG: "Angel One", "Manhunt", DS9: "The Forsaken")
In 2364, Counsellor Deanna Troi, of the USS Enterprise-D, took a shuttle from Starbase G-6 to her homeworld. (TNG: "Hide and Q")
In its way to Kaelon II, the Enterprise-D passed fairly close to Betazed in late 2367, enabling Lwaxana Troi to visit the ship. (TNG: "Half a Life")
Deep Space 9 was quite far from Betazed, although a transport from the station often left for the planet. (DS9: "The Muse")
Vash was unwelcome (persona non grata in Q's words) on Betazed. (DS9: "Q-Less")
The University of Betazed was located on Betazed. (TNG: "Tin Man", "Ménage à Troi", "Qpid")
Betazed appeared in the starchart Data and Picard were studying in Stellar Cartography in 2371. (Star Trek Generations, display graphic)
In the past, it was considered fashionable for the women of Betazed to wear enormous wigs with large holes in the center for tiny caged creatures. Although it was uncomfortable for the women and cruel to the animals, this costume eventually became a tradition. One woman finally broke with it, causing this fashion to fade very quickly. (TNG: "Half a Life")
Betazed took part at the Pacifica conference in 2365 and hosted the biennial Trade Agreements Conference in the following year. (TNG: "Manhunt", "Ménage à Troi")
During the Dominion War in 2374, Betazed was occupied by Dominion invasion forces. The Federation Tenth Fleet had been assigned to defend Betazed and its outlying colonies, but was caught out of position on a training exercise. As a result Betazed fell to the Dominion within ten hours. Once Betazed had been captured, other worlds nearby, including Vulcan, Tellar, Alpha Centauri, and Andor were at risk of Dominion invasion. (DS9: "In the Pale Moonlight")
See also
Betazed was consistently described as a lush, beautiful world. The planet's climate varied from dense jungles to wide canyons and cliffs. Many of the major continents are dotted with lakes.
Land features and formations
Background information
According to Star Trek: Star Charts (pgs. 33, 36), Betazed was the fifth planet in the Betazed system also known as the Beta Zeta system. The official name of the uniglobal government was the Fifth House of Betazed which governed this planet from the capital city of Rixx. Betazed was admitted into the United Federation of Planets in 2273. In the census of 2370, there were 1.3 billion Betazoids living on Betazed. Betazoids had been warp capable since antiquity. Major attractions on this world include Lake Cataria, Janaran Falls, and the University of Betazed. The system was named by the 21st century Human John Burke, chief astronomer of the Royal Academy. The star Betazed was a G class star with a magnitude of +5, which was the same brightness as Sol.


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FREE PERSONALIZATION on ornaments
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Material: Glass Ball


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- Dec 17:
- Video reveals chaos before Arizona fire deaths
- Jul 24:
- Fire chief: Wall of flames trapped 19 firefighters in Yarnell, Ariz.
- Jul 20:
- Families of firefighters killed in Ariz. to get lump-sum payments
- Jul 10:
- Survivor speaks at service for Arizona hotshot firefighters
- Jul 8:
- Funeral procession returns 19 Arizona firefighters to hometown
- Brazil expresses concern at new report of NSA spying
- Jul 5:
- Rockies-Diamondbacks: Teams honor 19 victims of Yarnell fire in Arizona homestand opener
The photo shows smoke billowing in the distance and firefighters covered in soot as they took a break and watched their target on the horizon.
At the time, its significance was small, part of a text exchange between a man and his wife.
"This is my lunch spot ... too bad lunch was an MRE," read the text message from Andrew Ashcraft to his wife, Juliann. It was a "meal ready to eat," carried along on trips by Hotshot crews.
Later that day, the 19 firefighters deployed their emergency shelters, a last-ditch effort to save their lives. It wasn't enough. All of them died in the raging wildfire.
The Hotshot crews are the best of the best, filled with adventure-seekers whose hard training prepares them for the worst.
Ashcraft was honored to be a member of the Hotshot crew, friends said, but he lived for his four kids and his wife.
He'd bring them to the gym where many of the crew worked out, said Janine Pereira, a trainer at Captain Crossfit.
"He'd carry her around sometimes and give her a kiss in front of all his guys," she said.
Now a plaque bears his name—and 18 others who left behind wives, children, friends—outside the crew's fire station.


text:
Chris Brown has been accused of shoving a girl at a nightclub on Saturday and injuring her knee. But it sounds like she made the whole thing up. The club owner says it didn't happen. He adds that the woman was trying to rush Chris all night and was eventually thrown out of the club.
Kim Kardashian sent out a baby photo to a select group of friends to see who she can trust. The kicker? The photo was a fake! Sure enough, it was offered to TMZ for big money and Kim knows exactly who sent it. She's now waiting to see if a second fake photo is also offered for cash. Click HERE for the FAKE pictures!
Angelina Jolie wants a classy wedding. (Or, as one source puts it, she "wants the whole affair to be very civilized") That means some of Brad Pitt's best friends won't be invited. Namely Jonah Hill, Quentin Tarantino, and Philip Seymour Hoffman, all of whom enjoy drinking a little too much. Even George Clooney, Brad's BFF, is getting a warning attached to his invite that he needs to keep things under control. Angelina is afraid the group will hit the open bar early on and turn it up!
Ying Yang Twins have new music out - it's all about Miley Cyrus! But BE CAREFUL: This is NOT SAFE FOR WORK!


text:
Introduction to thinking
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Cognitive Psychology: Attention · Decision making · Learning · Judgement · Memory · Motivation · Perception · Reasoning · Thinking - Cognitive processes Cognition - Outline Index
Thought or thinking is a mental process which allows beings to model the world, and so to deal with it effectively according to their goals, plans, ends and desires. Words referring to similar concepts and processes include cognition, sentience, consciousness, idea, and imagination.
Thinking involves the deeply cereberal manipulation of information, as when we form concepts, engage in problem solving, reason and make decisions. Thinking is a higher cognitive function and the analysis of thinking processes is part of cognitive psychology.
Etymology and usage
The word comes from Old English þoht, or geþoht, from stem of þencan "to conceive of in the mind, consider".[1]
In common language, the word to think covers numerous and diverse psychological activities. It often refers merely to the act of being conscious of something, especially if that thing is outside the immediate environment ("It made me think of my grandmother"). It is sometimes a synonym for "tending to believe," especially with less than full confidence ("I think that it will rain, but I am not sure"). At other times it denotes the degree of attentiveness ("I did it without thinking"). Many other mental activities—many of which may shade into each other—can be covered by the word, such as interpreting, evaluating, imagining, planning, and remembering.
In common usage, "thought" is often attributed to animals, machines, other non-human objects, and phenomena. The exact meaning of such usage varies as well. The attribution of thought or thought processes to non-human objects and phenomena (especially computers) could be considered anthropomorphism, though such categorizations have been contested by such computer scientists as Alan Turing (see Computing Machinery and Intelligence). As regards animals, to what extent different animals think depends on the exact definition of the word that is given, so it may be taken literally or regarded as anthropomorphic.
Little is written about the actual content of thoughts. It would seem we do not think in complete sentences. We think fragments, ideas embodied in words. We don't think "I mailed the package to my sister this morning", we think "mailed package sister morning". If we're reading a book, our thoughts include the story line and our reflections on the story line. But our thoughts can contain only one idea at a time, so if the plot is "hero runs after murderer" and our reflection is "he was foolish to trust the villain", our thought is something like "hero foolish trust run after murderer villain".[citation needed]
Our thoughts may include images.
Basic process
The basic mechanics of the human mind reflect a process of pattern matching or rather recognition. In a "moment of reflection", new situations and new experiences are judged against recalled ones and judgements are made. In order to make these judgements, the intellect maintains present experience and sorts relevant past experience. It does this while keeping present and past experience distinct and separate. The intellect can mix, match, merge, sift, and sort concepts, perceptions, and experience. This process is called reasoning. Logic is the science of reasoning. The awareness of this process of reasoning is access consciousness (see philosopher Ned Block).
- Main article: Phenomenology_(philosophy)
- Main article: Philosophy of mind
|What is most thought-provoking in these thought-provoking times, is that we are still not thinking.[2] – Martin Heidegger
The phenomenology movement in philosophy saw a radical change in the way in which we understand thought. Martin Heidegger's phenomenological analyses of the existential structure of man in Being and Time throw new light on the issue of thinking, unsettling traditional cognitive or rational interpretations of man which affect the way we understand thought. The notion of the fundamental role of non-cognitive understanding in rendering possible thematic consciousness informed the discussion surrounding Artificial Intelligence during the 1970s and 1980s.[3]
Phenomenology, however, is not the only approach to thinking in modern Western philosophy. Philosophy of mind is a branch of modern analytic philosophy that studies the nature of the mind, mental events, mental functions, mental properties, consciousness and their relationship to the physical body, particularly the brain. The mind-body problem, i.e. the relationship of the mind to the body, is commonly seen as the central issue in philosophy of mind, although there are other issues concerning the nature of the mind that do not involve its relation to the physical body.[4]
The mind-body problem
- Main article: Mind-body dichotomy
The mind-body problem concerns the explanation of the relationship that exists between minds, or mental processes, and bodily states or processes.[4] The main aim of philosophers working in this area is to determine the nature of the mind and mental states/processes, and how—or even if—minds are affected by and can affect the body.
Human perceptual experiences depend on stimuli which arrive at one's various sensory organs from the external world and these stimuli cause changes in one's mental state, ultimately causing one to feel a sensation, which may be pleasant or unpleasant. Someone's desire for a slice of pizza, for example, will tend to cause that person to move his or her body in a specific manner and in a specific direction to obtain what he or she wants. The question, then, is how it can be possible for conscious experiences to arise out of a lump of gray matter endowed with nothing but electrochemical properties. A related problem is to explain how someone's propositional attitudes (e.g. beliefs and desires) can cause that individual's neurons to fire and his muscles to contract in exactly the correct manner. These comprise some of the puzzles that have confronted epistemologists and philosophers of mind from at least the time of René Descartes.[5]
Functionalism vs. embodiment
The above reflects a classical, functional description of how we work as cognitive, thinking systems. However the apparently irresolvable mind-body problem is said to be overcome, and bypassed, by the Embodied cognition approach, with its roots in the work of Heidegger, Piaget, Vygotsky, Merleau-Ponty and the pragmatist John Dewey.[6][7]
This approach states that the classical approach of separating the mind and analysing its processes is misguided: instead, we should see that the mind, actions of an embodied agent, and the environment it perceives and envisions, are all parts of a whole which determine each other. Therefore functional analysis of the mind alone will always leave us with the mind-body problem which cannot be solved.[8]
- Main article: Neurons
A neuron (also known as a neurone or nerve cell) is an excitable cell in the nervous system that processes and transmits information by electrochemical signaling. Neurons are the core components of the brain, the vertebrate spinal cord, the invertebrate ventral nerve cord, and the peripheral nerves. A number of specialized types of neurons exist: sensory neurons respond to touch, sound, light and numerous other stimuli affecting cells of the sensory organs that then send signals to the spinal cord and brain. Motor neurons receive signals from the brain and spinal cord and cause muscle contractions and affect glands. Interneurons connect neurons to other neurons within the brain and spinal cord. Neurons respond to stimuli, and communicate the presence of stimuli to the central nervous system, which processes that information and sends responses to other parts of the body for action. Neurons do not go through mitosis, and usually cannot be replaced after being destroyed,[dubious — see talk page] although astrocytes have been observed to turn into neurons as they are sometimes pluripotent.
- Main article: Cognitive psychology
Psychologists have concentrated on thinking as an intellectual exertion aimed at finding an answer to a question or the solution of a practical problem. Cognitive psychology is a branch of psychology that investigates internal mental processes such as problem solving, memory, and language. The school of thought arising from this approach is known as cognitivism which is interested in how people mentally represent information processing. It had its foundations in the Gestalt psychology of Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler, and Kurt Koffka,[9] and in the work of Jean Piaget, who provided a theory of stages/phases that describe children's cognitive development.
Cognitive psychologists use psychophysical and experimental approaches to understand, diagnose, and solve problems, concerning themselves with the mental processes which mediate between stimulus and response. They study various aspects of thinking, including the psychology of reasoning, and how people make decisions and choices, solve problems, as well as engage in creative discovery and imaginative thought. Cognitive theory contends that solutions to problems take the form of algorithms—rules that are not necessarily understood but promise a solution, or heuristics—rules that are understood but that do not always guarantee solutions. Cognitive science differs from cognitive psychology in that algorithms that are intended to simulate human behavior are implemented or implementable on a computer. In other instances, solutions may be found through insight, a sudden awareness of relationships.
In developmental psychology, Jean Piaget was a pioneer in the study of the development of thought from birth to maturity. In his theory of cognitive development, thought is based on actions on the environment. That is, Piaget suggests that the environment is understood through assimilations of objects in the available schemes of action and these accommodate to the objects to the extent that the available schemes fall short of the demands. As a result of this interplay between assimilation and accommodation, thought develops through a sequence of stages that differ qualititatively from each other in mode of representation and complexity of inference and understanding. That is, thought evolves from being based on perceptions and actions at the sensorimotor stage in the first two years of life to internal representations in early childhood. Subsequently, representations are gradually organized into logical structures which first operate on the concrete properties of the reality, in the stage of concrete operations, and then operate on abstract principles that organize concrete properties, in the stage of formal operations.[10] In recent years, the Piagetian conception of thought was integrated with information processing conceptions. Thus, thought is considered as the result of mechanisms that are responsible for the representation and processing of information. In this conception, speed of processing, cognitive control, and working memory are the main functions underlying thought. In the neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development, the development of thought is considered to come from increasing speed of processing, enhanced cognitive control, and increasing working memory.[11]
"Id", "ego", and "super-ego" are the three parts of the "psychic apparatus" defined in Sigmund Freud's structural model of the psyche; they are the three theoretical constructs in terms of whose activity and interaction mental life is described. According to this model, the uncoordinated instinctual trends are the "id"; the organized realistic part of the psyche is the "ego," and the critical and moralizing function the "super-ego."[12]
The unconscious was considered by Freud throughout the evolution of his psychoanalytic theory a sentient force of will influenced by human desire and yet operating well below the perceptual conscious mind. For Freud, the unconscious is the storehouse of instinctual desires, needs, and psychic drives. While past thoughts and reminiscences may be concealed from immediate consciousness, they direct the thoughts and feelings of the individual from the realm of the unconscious.[13]
For psychoanalysis, the unconscious does not include all that is not conscious, rather only what is actively repressed from conscious thought or what the person is averse to knowing consciously. In a sense this view places the self in relationship to their unconscious as an adversary, warring with itself to keep what is unconscious hidden. If a person feels pain, all he can think of is alleviating the pain. Any of his desires, to get rid of pain or enjoy something, command the mind what to do. For Freud, the unconscious was a repository for socially unacceptable ideas, wishes or desires, traumatic memories, and painful emotions put out of mind by the mechanism of psychological repression. However, the contents did not necessarily have to be solely negative. In the psychoanalytic view, the unconscious is a force that can only be recognized by its effects—it expresses itself in the symptom.[14]
- Main article: Social psychology
Social psychology is the study of how people and groups interact. Scholars in this interdisciplinary area are typically either psychologists or sociologists, though all social psychologists employ both the individual and the group as their units of analysis.[15]
Despite their similarity, psychological and sociological researchers tend to differ in their goals, approaches, methods, and terminology. They also favor separate academic journals and professional societies. The greatest period of collaboration between sociologists and psychologists was during the years immediately following World War II.[16] Although there has been increasing isolation and specialization in recent years, some degree of overlap and influence remains between the two disciplines.[17]
The collective unconscious, sometimes known as collective subconscious, is a term of analytical psychology, coined by Carl Jung. It is a part of the unconscious mind, shared by a society, a people, or all humanity, in an interconnected system that is the product of all common experiences and contains such concepts as science, religion, and morality. While Freud did not distinguish between an "individual psychology" and a "collective psychology," Jung distinguished the collective unconscious from the personal subconscious particular to each human being. The collective unconscious is also known as "a reservoir of the experiences of our species."[18]
In the "Definitions" chapter of Jung's seminal work Psychological Types, under the definition of "collective" Jung references representations collectives, a term coined by Lucien Lévy-Bruhl in his 1910 book How Natives Think. Jung says this is what he describes as the collective unconscious. Freud, on the other hand, did not accept the idea of a collective unconscious
Thinking can be modeled by a field (like a mathematical representation of an electro-magnetic field, but with each point in the field a point of consciousness). Patterns are formed and judgements are made within the field. Some philosophers (panpsychists/panexperientialists - see wikibook on consciousness) believe the entire field is conscious in and of itself, a consciousness field. They say consciousness creates thinking, thinking and other brain processes do not create consciousness. Other scientists (for example Bernard Baars) think of it as a workspace. Some philosophers (for example Thomas Nagel) have said they do not have a clue as to how we are aware of our thinking.
A thought can be said to be whatever arises in the dualistic mind. A dualistic mind is one in which the one from which the thought arises considers himself to be separate from other forms. A thought may be an idea, an image, a sound, a smell, a touch or even an emotional feeling that arises from the brain.
Aids to thinking
- Use of models, symbols, diagrams and pictures.
- Use of abstraction to simplify the effort of thinking.
- Use of metasyntactic variables to simplify the effort of naming.
- Use of iteration and recursion to converge on a concept.
- Limitation of attention to aid concentration and focus on a concept. Use of peace and quiet to aid concentration.
- Goal setting and goal revision. Simply letting the concept percolate in the subconscious, and waiting for the concept to re-surface.
- Talking with like-minded people. Resorting to communication with others, if this is allowed.
- Working backward from the goal.
- Desire for learning.
- Fads.
- Self-delusions: inability to confront relevant issues (roadblocks).
See also
- Absolute thinking
- Abstraction
- Autistic thinking
- Critical thinking
- Divergent thinking
- Index of articles concerning thinking
- List of thinking-related topics
- Logical thinking
- Magical thinking
- Language of thought
- Language and thought
- Intrapersonal communication
- Si, a Chinese concept of attentive, non-rational thought or reflection
- Stream of consciousness (psychology)
- Thought experiment
- Train of thought
- Eric Baum (2004). What is Thought, Chapter Two: The Mind is a Computer Program. MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-02548-5
Further reading
- Anderson, J.R. (1990) 'The Adaptive Character of Thought'. Hillsdale NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).
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The Power of Independent Thinking
Peter Boettke on Living Economics
Recorded: Monday, January 28, 2013
Research Fellow Peter J. Boettke interviewed by Russell Roberts of EconTalk on his new Independent Institute book Living Economics: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
Experts: Peter J. BoettkeType: RadioIssues: Economic History and Development (International), Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economic Policy, Economists
UFM Presentation of Living Economics: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
Recorded: Sunday, June 3, 2012
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Research Fellow Peter J. Boettke gives a talk based on the triple meaning of the title of his new book, Living Economics: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow, at the Univeridad Francisco Marroquin.
Experts: Peter J. BoettkeType: TelevisionIssues: Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economists, Education
Full Video of The Independent Institutes 25th Anniversary Gala for Liberty
Recorded: Tuesday, November 15, 2011
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Full Video of The Independent Institutes 2011 25th Anniversary Gala for Liberty held November 15, 2011.
Part 1: Introductory Remarks and Tribute to Robert Higgs
Part 2: Tribute to Mario Vargas Llosa
Part 3: History of The Independent Institute and Fund for the Future
Part 4: Tribute to Lech Walesa
Part 5: Special Tributes, Sponsors, and Credits
Experts: Leszek Balcerowicz, Price V. Fishback, Robert Higgs, Ron Paul, Jorge Quiroga, David J. Theroux, Archbishop Desmond M. Tutu, Mario Vargas Llosa, Lech Wałęsa, Yuri Yarim-AgaevType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Bureaucracy and Government, Business, Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Constitutional Law, Defense and Foreign Policy, Democracy, Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economic Policy, Government Power, History (International), History (U.S), Latin America, Nationalism, Political Ideology and Philosophy, Politics, Privatization, Property Rights, Terrorism and National Crises
Bush, Obama, and Presidential Power
Recorded: Wednesday, January 7, 2009
Ron Paul, Richard Shenkman, and Ivan Eland, author of Recarving Rushmore, discuss which presidents were the best and worst at promoting peace, prosperity, and liberty.
Experts: Ivan Eland, Ron Paul, Richard Shenkman, David J. TherouxType: TelevisionIssues: Defense and Foreign Policy, Government Power, History (U.S), Politics
P.J. ORourke On the Wealth of Nations
Recorded: Friday, February 9, 2007
Part 1 |
Part 2
In this hilarious and insightful examination of Adam Smiths work, P.J. shows us why this seminal book on economic liberty is so relevant today and why it has been so revolutionary.
Experts: P. J. ORourke, David J. TherouxType: TelevisionIssues: Economists, History (International)


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FORT WAYNE, Ind. (21Alive) – A Fort Wayne firefighter was injured battling a heavy blaze Sunday morning.
Though officials say the injury was minor, the firefighter was taken to a hospital for further evaluation. Fire officials did not say what the firefighter's injuries are.
Flames broke out at a vacant house early Sunday at 312 E. Masterson Avenue.
Fire officials say the already condemned structure sustained even more damage from the fire, but it was brought under control in 20 minutes.
No word on what caused the flames.
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May 2, 2016
The Raleigh home were State Board of Education member Kathy Taft was fatally attacked nearly two years ago is now on the market for sale.
Taft, who lived in Greenville, was found by her sister severely beaten in the Cartier Drive home of a friend on the morning on March 6, 2009. Police later said she had also been raped.
Taft and her sister were staying in the home after she had a surgical procedure done in Raleigh.
A month after Taft's death, Raleigh police arrested Jason Williford. Authorities say the 30-year-old man lived a couple of blocks from the home.
His trial is set for March and prosecutors say they plan to seek the death penalty.
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St. James' Episcopal Church in Pewee Valley recently welcomed a new rector, the Rev. Jim Trimble.
Trimble is a Louisville native who worked in public broadcasting before becoming an Episcopal priest.
A graduate of Waggener High School and Murray State University, Trimble worked at several public radio stations in Kentucky and North Carolina.
He began seminary studies in 2002 at the Episcopal Theological Seminary of the Southwest in Austin, Texas, graduating with a master of divinity degree. He was ordained a priest in December 2005.
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The Power of Independent Thinking
Kyle Marchini on the Edgington Post
Recorded: Tuesday, July 10, 2012
Mark Edge of the Edgington Post/Free Talk Live interviews Kyle Marchini regarding the Independent Institutes The Challenge of Liberty 2012 Summer Seminars for Students.
View videos and more information about the Summer Seminars.
Experts: Kyle MarchiniType: RadioIssues: Defense and Foreign Policy, Free Market Economics, Terrorism and National Crises
Art Carden Talks about Regulation of Sugar
Recorded: Thursday, March 1, 2012
Research Fellow Art Carden talks about the regulation of sugar and corn syrup subsidies with Tom Ashbrook on WBUR Boston.
Experts: Art CardenType: RadioIssues: Public Health/ Consumer Protection, Regulation and Deregulation


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Broan E64E42SS
Stainless Steel 1500 CFM 42" Wide Stainless Steel Under Cabinet Range Hood with Heat Sentry™ and a Single or Dual Blower Options from the Premium Collection
Item # BCI960039 | Model # E64E42SS | Premium Collection
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Why Netflix May Never Be Great Again
It doesn't take long to go from hero to goat on Wall Street. Just ask Netflix. The video rental giant has gone from hitting all-time highs just two months ago to busting through new 52-week lows. To blame? A widely criticized price adjustment and its recent Qwikster launch.


text:
I guess my entry was on the wrong month xD
Greetings Guilders, to kick off the new year this month's challenge is to make a map (or series of maps) to be used as part of a game. The map could come in the form of a static game board, or as part of a modular game board (e.g. as hexes or cards). How you choose to present the map is entirely up to you. However, all entries should include the following:
- A quick description or summary of how the game is played;
- A visual representation of other elements of your game (e.g. cards, pieces, tokens etc).
As always, please include the following in your entry threads:
Title each new thread January 2014 Entry - <your title>
Precede each WIP image with the tag ### Latest WIP ###.
The challenge will end on or around the first of February, and the winner will receive a golden compass, an enviable accolade here at the Guild.
I guess my entry was on the wrong month xD
My Gallery on DA:
Hi, I was wondering if these contests are open to everyone or just the pros?
I'm new to the whole idea of map-making, and I only vaguely understand the challenge (board game map? @_o) so I am sure I would be in absolute last place, but I think participating would be a good experience, so... ?
Anyway, so I was wondering if "newbies" can participate. (Officially and unofficially). I didn't see anything about that in the rules.
Thank you.
The challenges are open to absolutely everyone - infact it's preferred that as many people as possible join.
There are two types of challenge - there is the regularly monthly challenge and there is the lite challenge. The lite challenge tends to be a smaller project than the regular one so that it is less intimidating to new people or those with much less time on their hands. But you can enter whichever you wish.
I have always seen the challenge as a fun way to gain experience mapping things I would never normally consider trying. It encourages people to move outside of their comfort zone. It's not a super competitive thing. And you get good feedback too.
What Larb said. A little clarification on 'this' month's challenge, the idea is simply to come up with a game that uses a map for its board (e.g. Risk, Civilization, Ticket to Ride, Settlers of Katan etc) or, if it is not a board game, utilizes a map in some other fashion.
Thank you both.
I was fairly sure there wasn't a hard and fast "rule" against it, but was worried about "Noob Go Home"-type posts, if a newbie had the gall to enter. :p (It's happened on other forums.) But I'm interested anyway. I've found the best way to learn new things/find out about new places is to dive right in as if you belong there.
After reading this and looking at both, I think the Lite Challenge might be more my speed... although with it being close to finished, I don't know if it would make sense to enter now... lol. So I'll try to invent a game, I suppose
Thanks again.
Hey, this sounds like a lot of fun! Never participated in these before, maybe now is the time...
Yep. Just make it up as you go along. That's what I do.But I'm interested anyway. I've found the best way to learn new things/find out about new places is to dive right in as if you belong there.
Any two Player Game can also be submited to the Boargamegeek contest If its an original game


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June 1, 2011
Justin Hokanson
Auburn's annual Big Cat weekend is already paying dividends, as the Tigers' landed a commitment from a Rivals100 wide receiver that recently narrowed his choices to a top five this week... ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now!
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text:
Tetraethyl lead (TEL)
Sign on an antique gasoline pump, advertising gasoline additive (tetraethyl lead) by the Ethyl Corporation. Source: Wikimedia Commons
Tetraethyl lead (TEL) is a liquid with the chemical formula (CH3CH2)4 Pb. Once widely used (circa 1925 to 1990) to increase the octane rating of gasoline (petrol), TEL usage in gasoline has been largely phased out by most nations[5] primarily because of the toxicity of the lead emissions from spark-ignited internal combustion engines fueled by gasoline containing TEL.
Another reason for discontinuing TEL usage was that it degraded the efficiency of the catalytic converters installed in automotive vehicles to reduce their emissions of air pollutants.
TEL is still available for use as an additive to increase the octane rating of aviation fuel for aircraft powered by internal combustion engines.
Manufacture and properties
Pure tetraethyl lead, as distinguished from tetraethyl lead fluid (TEL fluid), is a colorless liquid that is highly lipophilic and soluble in fats, oils and lipids as well as gasoline and other non-polar hydrocarbons.
The various other physical and chemical properties of tetraethyl lead are listed in the adjacent table.
TEL is produced by the alkylation of a sodium-lead alloy using chloroethane as expressed by this chemical reaction:
4 CH3CH2Cl + 4 NaPb ⇒ (CH3CH2)4Pb + 4 NaCl + 3 Pb
which can also be written as:
4 mols chloroethane + 4 mols sodium-lead alloy ⇒ 1 mol tetraethyl lead + 4 mols sodium chloride + 3 mols lead
At the temperatures found in spark-ignited internal combustion engines, TEL decomposes completely into lead, lead oxide (PbO) and combustible, short-lived ethyl radicals. Lead itself is the reactive agent that enhances the octane rating of gasolines and tetraethyl lead serves as a gasoline-soluble lead carrier.
TEL fluid formulation
When TEL is combusted, it produces not only carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O), but also lead (Pb):
(CH3CH2)4Pb + 13 O2 ⇒ 8 CO2 + 10 H2O + Pb
The lead can the oxidize further to give lead oxide (PbO):
2 Pb + O2 ⇒ 2 PbO
The Pb and PbO would soon accumulate and destroy an engine. For this reason, the TEL used in gasoline was actually part of a blended liquid formulation known as TEL fluid or ethyl fluid that contained the halocarbons 1,2-dibromoethane and 1,2-dichloroethane liquids known as lead scavengers. Those scavengers formed lead bromide (PbBr) and lead chloride (PbCl) which are volatile and were emitted from the engine exhaust to the atmosphere. The complete composition of TEL fluid was:[6]
- 61.45% Tetraethyl lead
- 17.85% 1,2-Dibromoethane
- 18.80% 1,2-Dichloroethane
- 1.90% Inerts and color dye
The addition of as little TEL fluid as 0.8 ml per liter (three ml per gallon) of gasoline was equivalent to adding 0.5 grams of lead per liter of gasoline, and resulted in significant increases in the octane rating of the gasoline.
History of tetraethyl lead as a gasoline octane enhancer
In the 1920s, petroleum refining technology was rather primitive and produced gasolines with an octane rating of about 40 – 60. But automotive engines were rapidly being improved and required better gasolines, which led to a search for octane rating enhancers. That search culminated in 1921[7][8][9] with the development and use of tetraethyl lead as an octane enhancer.
Its utility was discovered by Charles Kettering and Thomas Midgely. By 1923, when Thomas Midgley accepted the Nichols Medal in March, 1923, he had almost returned to normal after fighting a winter-long battle with lead poisoning.[10] Despite ethanol being widely recognized as an alternative octane rating enhancer,[11] the less expensive TEL quickly became a commercial success. In 1924, Standard Oil of New Jersey and General Motors created the Ethyl Corporation to produce and market TEL.
In 1924, New York City Medical Examiner Charles Norris, and his forensic chemist, Alexander Gettler, were asked to investigate possible occupational exposure and toxicity in a New Jersey refinery. Workers there called the TEL facility the "looney gas building" because hallucinations were common. Within a year, 33 TEL workers were hospitalized and seven were dead. At a press conference, Thomas Midgely, the General Motors engineer that helped to develop TEL, put his hand in a bowl of TEL, saying "I'm taking no chances whatsoever. Nor would I take any chances doing that every day." Midgely, a few months after the press conference, traveled to Europe for treatment of lead poisoning.[12]
Production and sale of "leaded gasoline" was briefly banned in 1925 by the Surgeon General,[11] and a panel of experts was appointed to investigate a number of fatalities that had "occurred in the manufacture and usage of TEL. In 1927, the Surgeon General set a voluntary standard for the petroleum refining industry to follow in mixing tetraethyl lead with gasoline. The standard was three cubic centimeters per gallon, corresponding to the maximum then in use by refineries, and thus imposed no real restraint.[9]
For about the next 50 years, TEL was used as the most cost effective way to raise the octane rating of gasolines. During that period, petroleum refining technology grew until high-octane gasolines could, in fact, be produced without using TEL. Also, in about the 1940's, it was discovered that the lead being emitted in the exhaust gases from vehicular internal combustion engines was a toxic air pollutant that seriously affected human health.
Because of its toxicity and the fact that the catalytic converters being installed in vehicles (to reduce smog-forming air pollutant emissions) could not tolerate the presence of lead, the U.S. EPA launched an initiative in 1972 to phase out the use of TEL in the United States and it was completely banned for use in on-road vehicles as of January 1996.[5][13] Using TEL in race cars, airplanes, marine engines and farm equipment is still permitted.
TEL usage has also been phased out by most other nations worldwide. As of 2008, the only nations still allowing extensive use of TEL are the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Burma, and Yemen.[14][15]
- Tetraethyllead. From the website of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
- Tetraethyl Lead, Liquid. From the website of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
- Tetraethyl Lead From the website of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
- Béla G. Lipták (2003). Instrument Engineers' Handbook, 4th Edition. CRC Press. 0-8493-1083-0.
- Phasing Lead Out Of Gasoline. A report issued by the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP). See page 8 of 23 pdf pages.
- Historical Uses. From the website of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA).
- "The Rise and Fall of Tetraethyllead". Dietmar Seyferth, Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Organometallics, 2003, 22, pp. 5154-5178.
- Definition of Tetraethyl lead. From the website of MedicineNet.com.
- Lead Poisoning: A Historical Perspective. From the website of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA).
- Charles F. Kettering and the 1921 Discovery of Tetraethyl Lead In the Context of Technological Alternatives. Professor Bill Kovarik, Radford University, Virginia. Originally presented to the Society of Automotive Engineers Fuels & Lubricants Conference, Baltmore, MD, 1994; revised in 1999.
- Ethyl-leaded Gasoline: How a Classic Occupational Disease Became an International Public Health Disaster. Professor Bill Kovarik, Radford University, Virginia, International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health (IJOEH), Volume 11, No. 4, Oct/Dec 205, pp.384-397.
- Deborah Blum (2010), The Poisoner's Handbook: Murder and the Birth of Forensic Medicine in the Jazz Age, Penguin Press, ISBN 1-59420-243-5, pp. 120-124.
- Prohibition on Gasoline Containing Lead or Lead Additives for Highway Use. From the website of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA).
- Asia-Pacific Lead Matrix. From the website of the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP). Last updated August 2008.
- West Asia, Middle4 East and North Africa Lead Matrix. From the website of the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP). Last updated January 2007.


text:
ATTENTION: The Park University McAfee Memorial Library will be relocated during the fall of 2015, until our new facility opens in a renovated Norrington. Campus community members seeking library services and staff may find them on the second floor of Hawley Hall, rooms 202, 210 and 211. Limited computers will be available for student use, as will the majority of the library's collection. Questions may also be directed to 816-584-6285 or email@example.com. The University will keep you updated on the progress of the project, and we appreciate your patience and understanding throughout the process.
Searching Basics Using the Park University Library
(View as "slideshow" and click on the speaker icon to enable audio)
Clicking the "Submit" button above constitutes your express written consent to be called and/or texted by Park University at the number(s) you provided, regarding furthering your education. You understand that these calls may be generated using automated technology.


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Robbery suspect found hiding in closet
Published: Friday, February 22, 2013 at 12:18 p.m.
Last Modified: Friday, February 22, 2013 at 12:18 p.m.
SUMERFIELD - A man wanted for robbery was arrested Thursday after he was found hiding in a closet inside a garage.
Sheriff's Office Sgt. Jeff Gold and Deputy Joshua O'Carroll found Randy Lee Pumphery, 30, at a residence in the 3900 block of Southeast 135th Lane. Pumphery told them he had planned to turn himself in once he gathered the bail money.
On Tuesday, a man and his daughter told Detective Erik Dice that Pumphery asked for a ride to a store. There he placed some type of object at the neck of one of the victim's and demanded money, according to a Sheriff's Office report. After receiving more than $1,000, he fled on foot.
The next day, Pumphery was interviewed by Detective Bobby Levay and said he was with the man and his daughter, assisting them in the purchase of $1,000 worth of medication. At the conclusion of the transaction, Pumphery said, the woman was supposed to give him part of the 50 pills in her possession for his help in the deal. He said he snatched the pills from the woman and ran.
In addition to strong arm robbery, Pumphery was charged with resisting without violence.
- Austin L. Miller
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


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Catalog search
Catalog links
Graduate Bulletin 2013-2015 » Academic Programs and Courses » Health Sciences » Courses in Nutrition » DFN 661: Food Service Management.
DFN 661: Food Service Management.
3 hours, 3 credits. Management theory with application to the food service industry. Emphasis on the management of human and financial resources, the practice of optimal standards of safety, sanitation, and nutrition, and the role of the computer as a management tool.
Last modified: 8/4/2015