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The Dundreary Landstalker is an SUV available in Grand Theft Auto III, Grand Theft Auto: Vice City, Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories, Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories, Grand Theft Auto IV, its episodes, and Grand Theft Auto V.
3D Universe
The Landstalker has many different designs between GTA III and GTA Vice City Stories, usually combined from a variety of sources.
- In GTA III, the Landstalker resembles a slightly altered first generation Land Rover Freelander or the 1998 Nissan Terrano.
- In Liberty City Stories, the Landstalker is based on a Lincoln Navigator. Some models may also come with roof-mounted luggage rack, and boxes in the rear compartment.
- In GTA Vice City and GTA Vice City Stories, the Landstalker resembles a 1984-1990 Jeep Wagoneer Limited with the headlights and front bumper from the 1983-1990 Chevrolet S-10.
- In GTA San Andreas, the Landstalker generally resembles the GTA Vice City and GTA Vice City Stories rendition but with a few changes which make its design more similar to a Chevrolet S10 Blazer or Ford Explorer. It no longer carries a rear-mounted spare tire; instead, a tire is visible inside the rear compartment. The engine sound suggests a 4.7L V8 or a large displacement V6.
HD Universe
The GTA V rendition of the Landstalker bears close resemblance to the Land Rover Freelander 2, due to its overall shape (and because Dundreary is based on Mercury). The grille however is most likely modeled after that of the Lincoln Navigator.The headlights resemble those of the 2006–present Range Rover or Lincoln Navigator and the taillights appear to share similar traits of those on the 2006 Ford Explorer/Range Rover Sport. It also bears a resemblance to the Ford Flex 2008-, however, this is most likely coincidental, as the Ford Flex was released at almost exactly the same time as Grand Theft Auto IV.
A special black variant of the Landstalker can be seen driving around North Holland by North Holland Hustlers and Firefly Projects by M.O.B.. This variant features chrome side scuff bars, no luggage rails, and rear seat entertainment like used in the Lincoln Navigator as an option.
Another variant of the Landstalker has a unique gold side scuffs and a lower front and rear bumper. This variant is possibly based on the Eddie Bauer trim, seen on several Fords, including the Explorer, Expedition and the 2004 F-150.
The Landstalker also appears in trailers 1 and 2 and Franklin's trailer for GTA V but has since had a face-lift (shown in Franklin's trailer). The face-lifted model sports different rims and tires, a slimmer front bumper and improved performance.
3D Universe
The Landstalker was originally introduced with a light weight (1380 kg), a short wheelbase, high ground clearance, full-time 4WD, poor grip, stiff suspension, a high center of gravity and unstable weight distribution. As a result, it is highly susceptible to rollovers while simply turning or traversing off-road especially on traintracks, if the player doesn't drive carefully or make use of the handbrake. These attributes made the vehicle vastly inferior as an off-road vehicle when compared to the Patriot, Rancher, Sandking and Huntley. Although its handling is poor, the Landstalker has all-round moderate-to-good acceleration and top speed due to its weight.
The Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories rendition is noticeably more stable—its redesigned body features a lowered ground clearance (resulting in a slight redistribution of weight to the bottom) and a longer, heavier body (1880 kg), reducing the likelihood of rollovers. This is decidedly not the case with the version used in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories which has some of the poorest handling and highest likelihood of rollovers of any car in the GTA III universe, especially when attempting VCS' Robbery missions.
HD Universe
The GTA IV rendition of the Landstalker is quite heavy, resulting in poor acceleration and a top speed of 145km/h (75mph), and compared to other SUVs; braking is also adversely affected by the weight. The engine is a large displacement V8, paired to a 5 speed gearbox in a 50% Front, 50% Rear 4WD layout. The suspension is moderately firm, but still far too soft to corner at speed effectively. The body flops about in the turns, often causing the rear end to kick out and fishtail rather than simply overturn as in previous games. On the road, the Landstalker is nowhere near as competent as its closest competitors (the Cavalcade and Huntley Sport), but off-road the Landstalker begins to show its usefulness. The engine has enough torque to allow scaling of medium-grade hills, and the suspension evens out most of the natural bumps; unfortunately, the long rear overhang means the Landstalker can beach itself on rocks. Overall, its off-road performance is inferior to that of the Cavalcade, however it fares better than the Huntley Sport.
The Landstalker has a unique ABS system as standard equipment. The ABS will only work if braking in a straight line. If braking while turning, the wheels will lock, but will unlock after it straightens out.
Deformation in frontal accidents is very good, having able to retain both headlights after hitting a low car. Rear accidents though cause quite a bit of visible damage. The engine itself is sturdy in accidents, allowing the Landstalker to take multiple direct hits at full speed before failing. Overall, this vehicle is better suited for short drives and off-road expeditions than high-speed pursuits.
In GTA V, the Landstalker has a diesel engine which produces the same sound as the Cavalcade's diesel. It's top speed is (181mph) 291km/h.
(0 - 60mph / 0 - 100km/h)
|Top Speed
(mph / km/h)
|Engine Details
(Layout/Type/Decal Detail)
(Number + Type)
(Kg / lb)
5.89 seconds
Top Speed (Handling.dat)
Drivetrain (Handling.dat)
Gears (Handling.dat)
GTA San Andreas
- The Landstalker can be modified at a TransFender garage.
|Car Color 1 (64 different colors)
|$ 150
|Large Exhaust
|$ 250
|Medium Exhaust
|$ 200
|Twin Exhaust
|$ 300
|Upswept Exhaust
|$ 400
|Round Fog Lamp
|$ 100
|Square Fog Lamp
|$ 50
|2x Nitrous
|$ 200
|5x Nitrous
|$ 500
|10x Nitrous
|$ 1000
|$ 820
|$ 770
|$ 1000
|$ 620
|$ 1140
|Off Road Wheel
|$ 1000
|$ 1030
|$ 1230
|$ 1200
|$ 1560
|Car Stereo
|Bass Boost
|$ 100
|$ 1500
- The Transfender in Las Venturas charges 20% more for every modification except colors.
Notable owners
- Francis McReary owns a black Landstalker, as seen in the first cutscene of Blood Brothers.
- Ray Bulgarin owns a Pearlescent black Landstalker, as seen in the mission Going Deep.
- Peter Dreyfuss owns a black Landstalker, as seen on A Starlet in Vinewood after collecting the Letter Scraps
- Lino Friddell
- Ralph Ostrowski
- Commonly seen driving around Staunton Island.
- Outside the hut in the north-west corner of Belleville Park, Staunton Island. This is the start point for a checkpoints side-mission.
- Parked on one of the houses in Cedar Grove, Shoreside Vale.
GTA Vice City
- Parked at the dirt track in Downtown, Vice City (starts Test Track).
- In front of a mansion with a tennis court in the northwest part of Starfish Island.
GTA San Andreas
- In the parking lot in Foster Valley, San Fierro.
- Spawns regularly around The Strip, Las Venturas.
- Spawns around Santa Maria Beach, Los Santos.
- Spawns more commonly in Whitewood Estates.
GTA Liberty City Stories
- Parked at the car lot at Capital Autos in Harwood, Portland Island.
- Found commonly in Portland Island.
- Spawns regularly in Belleville Park, Staunton Island.
- A bulletproof version can be found at the Shoreside Vale safehouse in Cedar Grove, Shoreside Vale after completing all 12 levels of See The Sight Before Your Flight, which can be accessed in a tourist booth near Francis International Airport.
- In the Newport Multistory Car Park.
- In the parking lot of the Ferry Terminal in Rockford, Staunton Island.
GTA Vice City Stories
- Parked at an alleyway in Ocean Beach.
- Spawns by every robbery empire site the player owns. If all 30 empire sites are owned by Vic, it's bulletproof.
- Can be found in Firefly Projects, Broker; Northwood, North Holland, The Triangle or Star Junction, Algonquin and anywhere in Alderney.
- Sometimes will spawn while driving an SUV.
- Appears in the final mission of the Epsilon Program.
- During the Mission Parenting 101.
- After finding all thirty cars for Stevie in Grand Theft Auto IV , a Landstalker can be sold at his garage for $3,000.
- The Landstalker plays the following radio stations by default when entered:
- GTA San Andreas: SF-UR.
- GTA IV: IF99 - International Funk or K109 The Studio.
- When in reverse in the Landstalker, the front badge glows due to a glitch.
- The name "Landstalker" could be a play on the name Land Rover, a similar real-life SUV brand, or a reference to the GTA 2 vehicle, the Land Roamer. Roving, roaming, and stalking are considered to have similar meanings.
- A Landstalker is seen in the GTA V trailer, sporting new tail lights.
- In the American GTA III game manual, an advertisement for the Maibatsu Monstrosity shows a rebadged Landstalker, this could represent a partnership between The Maibatsu Corporation and Dundreary.
- In GTA III, the Landstalker wheel hubcap has the Honda logo on it, like the Sentinel.
- In the GTA IV version of the Landstalker, the engine sound is closer to sounding of a hybrid/electric engine, despite the fact that past versions have sounded more powerful, however this was fixed in GTA V when Rockstar Games has put a diesel engine to the Landstalker and it sounds similar to the Cavalcade.
- In GTA San Andreas the Landstalker is the fourth most resistant vehicle as seen in the stats.
- In Liberty City Stories the Landstalkers being driven around at random sometimes contain several boxes inside, with the ZIP label on them.
- In Grand Theft Auto Online the Landstalker sells for $5,800 at Los Santos Customs.
- In the beta of GTA III, the car was meant to be named 4 x 4.
- if you put side steps on a black Landstalker in GTA V it will resemble the M.O.B. Landstalker in GTA IV.
- Also in GTA V, if you add roof rack in a Landstalker of any colour, it will resemble the GTA IV Landstalker with the exception of the different front bumper.


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Karl A. Gschneidner and fellow scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory have created a new magnetic alloy—a potential replacement for high-performance permanent magnets found in automobile engines and wind turbines--eliminates the use of one of the scarcest and costliest rare earth elements, dysprosium, and instead uses cerium, the most abundant rare earth.
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"The textbook said we should see slow, gradual and random. But what we saw? BOOM! Fast, explosive and organized!" said Michael Tringides, physicist at the U.S. Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory and a professor of physics and astronomy at Iowa State University.
Tringides is talking about the unusual atom movement he saw when they dropped a few thousand lead atoms onto a flat, smooth lead-on-silicon surface, all at low temperatures, and looked at an area just one-twentieth the width of a human hair
Iver Anderson, Ames Laboratory senior metallurgist, has been named a 2015 Fellow of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS). Anderson is one of six new Society members who have earned the highest award bestowed by TMS, which recognizes members for their outstanding contributions to the practice of metallurgy, materials science, and technology. The 2015 Fellows were recognized at the 144th TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition held March 15–19, 2015.
The Critical Materials Institute, a U.S. Department of Energy Innovation Hub led by the Ames Laboratory, has created a new chemical process that makes use of the widely available rare-earth metal cerium to improve the manufacture of nylon. The process uses a cerium-based material made into nanometer-sized particles with a palladium catalyst to produce cyclohexanone, a key ingredient in the production of nylon. Traditional methods of producing cyclohexanone involve high temperatures and high pressure, and necessitate the use of hydrogen.
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Overwhelming. that's the only way to describe the continued reponse to Andrea McCarren's series of teen drinking stories. But sadly, that's not entirely a good thing.
Last week, I said I understood why some teens might be upset to find their "good times" threatened by Andrea McCarren's series on underage drinking.
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May 2, 2016
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When her brother Rob goes missing in action in 1944, Jayna leaves upstate New York with her turtle and, led by an encouraging ghostly voice, seeks their grandmother, who Rob believed may live in Brooklyn, in hopes of finding the family she so desperately needs. Includes soup recipes.
Baker & Taylor
When her brother Rob, a Navy cook, goes missing in action in 1944, Jayna, desperate for family, leaves upstate New York and their cranky landlady, accompanied by a turtle and a ghost, to seek their grandmother, who Rob believes may live in Brooklyn. Includes soup recipes.
Random House, Inc.
It's 1944, W.W. II is raging. Jayna's big brother Rob is her only family. When Rob is called to duty on a destroyer, Jayna is left in their small town in upstate New York with their cranky landlady. But right before he leaves, Rob tells Jayna a secret: they may have a grandmother in Brooklyn. Rob found a little blue recipe book with her name and an address for a bakery. When Jayna learns that Rob is missing in action, she's devastated. Along with her turtle Theresa, the recipe book, and an encouraging, ghostly voice as her guide, Jayna sets out for Brooklyn in hopes of finding the family she so desperately needs.


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May 5, 2016
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Arthur's Mystery Babysitter
Arthur, D.W. and Kate have a mystery babysitter coming to watch them. Who can it be? Arthur and D.W. let their imaginations go crazy trying to guess.
Clarice Bean, Guess Who's Babysitting?
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London hot weather stays for weekend - send your sun pictures
12:04 26 May 2012
Temperatures in London are expected to continue sweltering over the weekend.
The capital is forecast to bask in 25C heat today and 26C tomorrow.
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Britain has been hotter than parts of mainland Europe and Africa over the past few days.
At Heathrow Airport yesterday the temperature reached 25.7C. In comparison, Athens in Greece reached 24C while Casablanca in Morocco could only manage 22C.
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Acute Bronchitis
Topic Overview
What is bronchitis?
Bronchitis means that the tubes that carry air to the lungs (the bronchial tubes) are inflamed and irritated. When this happens, the bronchial tubes swell and produce mucus. This makes you cough.
There are two types of bronchitis:
- Acute bronchitis usually comes on quickly and gets better after 2 to 3 weeks.
- Chronic bronchitis keeps coming back and can last a long time, especially in people who smoke. Chronic bronchitis means that you have a cough with mucus most days of the month for 3 months of the year and for at least 2 years in a row.
This topic focuses on acute bronchitis. Both children and adults can get acute bronchitis.
Most healthy people who get acute bronchitis get better without any problems. But it can be more serious in older adults and children and in people with other health problems, especially lung diseases such as asthma or COPD. Complications can include pneumonia and repeated episodes of severe bronchitis.
What causes acute bronchitis?
Acute bronchitis is usually caused by a virus. Often a person gets acute bronchitis a few days after having an upper respiratory tract infection such as a cold or the flu. Sometimes acute bronchitis is caused by bacteria.
Acute bronchitis also can be caused by breathing in things that irritate the bronchial tubes, such as smoke. It also can happen if a person inhales food or vomit into the lungs.
What are the symptoms?
The most common symptom of acute bronchitis is a cough that usually is dry and hacking at first. After a few days, the cough may bring up mucus. You may have a low fever and feel tired.
Most people get better in 2 to 3 weeks. But some people continue to have a cough for more than 4 weeks.
If your symptoms get worse, such as a high fever, shaking chills, chest or shoulder pain, or shortness of breath, you could have pneumonia. Pneumonia can be serious, so it's important to see a doctor if you feel like you're getting sicker.
How is acute bronchitis diagnosed?
Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and examine you. This usually gives the doctor enough information to find out if you have acute bronchitis.
In some cases, you may need a chest X-ray or other tests to make sure that you don't have pneumonia, whooping cough, or another lung problem. This is especially true if you've had bronchitis for a few weeks and aren't getting better. More testing also may be needed for babies, older adults, and people who have lung disease (such as asthma or COPD) or other health problems.
How is it treated?
Most people can treat symptoms of acute bronchitis at home and don't need antibiotics or other prescription medicines. (Antibiotics don't help with viral bronchitis. And even bronchitis caused by bacteria will usually go away on its own.)
The following may help you feel better:
- Don't smoke.
- Suck on cough drops or hard candies to soothe a dry or sore throat. Cough drops won't stop your cough, but they may make your throat feel better.
- Breathe moist air from a humidifier, a hot shower, or a sink filled with hot water. The heat and moisture can help keep mucus in your airways moist so you can cough it out easily.
- Use nonprescription medicine, such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or aspirin, to relieve fever and body aches. Don't give aspirin to anyone younger than age 20.
- Rest more than usual.
- Drink plenty of fluids so that you do not become dehydrated.
- Use an over-the-counter cough medicine if your doctor recommends it. (Cough medicines may not be safe for young children or for people who have certain health problems.) Cough suppressants may help you to stop coughing. Expectorants can help you bring up mucus when you cough.
If you have signs of bronchitis and have heart or lung disease (such as heart failure, asthma, or COPD) or another serious health problem, talk to your doctor right away. You may need treatment with antibiotics or medicines to help with your breathing. Early treatment may prevent complications, such as pneumonia or repeated episodes of acute bronchitis caused by bacteria.
What can you do to avoid getting bronchitis?
There are several things you can do to help prevent bronchitis.
- Avoid cigarette smoke. If you smoke, stop. People who smoke or are around others who smoke have acute bronchitis more often.
- Wash your hands often during the cold and flu season.
- Avoid contact with people who are sick with a cold or the flu, especially if you have other health problems.
- Get a flu vaccine every year, and talk to your doctor about whether you should get a pneumococcal vaccine.
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Related Information
Other Works Consulted
- Wenzel RP, Fowler AA III (2006). Acute bronchitis. New England Journal of Medicine, 355(20): 2125–2130.
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text:
So, when I saw this amazing Tuesday Trigger in my in-box, I wanted to honor that hang-on-to-fall-as-long-as-possible attitude and share it with you.
Today's Tuesday Trigger comes from Ashley Harris. Here's what she had to say:
My Tuesday Trigger was triggered by this blog post on cluckclucksew.com.
Here is the image that struck me:
I just went for full on lift of this:
I can't wait to see how Ashley's trigger has inspired you. And while this is great fall inspiration, as Thanksgiving comes and goes, I can totally see how this could be adapted to other types of seasons and/or occasions...including Christmas, can't you? Link yours up using Mr. Linky below and let's see how creatively you can interpret this fun Trigger!
Before I go, I wanted to give a shout-out to these Trigger Targets from last week's Tuesday Trigger from Megan Lock:
PS Submit your seasonal Tuesday Triggers to this email address: firstname.lastname@example.com following the guidelines outlined at the bottom of this blog post! Hooray!


text:
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R Shaul Dovid built a magnificent household that welcomed guests and was known for its charity and generosity. He was one of the gabbaim of the tomchei aniyim [supporters of the poor]; his wife also distributed charity to the poor and did much of it unobtrusively. He was renowned for his generosity and supported those who studied Torah. His name appears on many sfarim [learned Torah treatises], attesting to his contribution towards their publication.
He had one son and seven daughters, all of who were married to Torah-educated
and energetic people. Most of them were leaders of the Radomsker Hasidim in
From this illustrious family, only one daughter survived with four children to carry on their ancestral tradition.
R Moshe was married to Chaya, the second daughter of R Shaul Dovid Englard;
she died young, while giving birth to their third daughter, Yehudis. He then
married Miriam, his departed wifes younger sister, who bore him one daughter.
Miriam brought up her sisters three daughters as if they were her own.
R Moshe was well learned and charitable. He was in the jewelry business. He was easygoing and outgoing, greeting all graciously. He used to say, Whoever transacts his business honestly and faithfully receives his reward also here on earth, because his customers are always grateful to him; the women who light the Sabbath and Festival candles in the candlesticks and the men who recite kiddush over the wine in the goblet they bought from me all trusted me. He would conclude, It has all been very worthwhile.
May his memory be a blessing!
[Page 296]
His talents, his interactions with people, and his pleasant manners were
instrumental in bringing him to the fore. He attained the position of head of
the kehilla council before he was even 40 years old. This was a rare
accomplishment at the time and it is evidence of his popularity among all
strata of the population. He successfully administered kehilla affairs with
great aplomb. It should be noted that kehilla officials in Oshpitzin were all
unpaid volunteers. When R Michele completed his term at the kehilla he was
able to devote even more energy to the philanthropic institutions he had
R Michele was fortunate enough to establish a wonderful home and have sons and daughters who turned into people of substance, supported Torah institutions, and were active in charitable affairs.
When the Second World War broke out he left town and reached Tarnow, where he went into hiding at the home of his brother-in-law, R Yisroel Wind, on Wysznica Street.
As oppressive measures, searches, and akzies increased in an attempt to round up Jews for deportation, a bunker was built in the house: an elaborate underground structure supplied with running water, electricity, and sanitary facilities. The entrance to the bunker was concealed and was accessible by raising a trap door in the floor that covered the staircase. Everything was optimally camouflaged and seemed to promise safety. A substantial number of people who lived in the house, and their relatives, hid there under relatively decent conditions.
A terrible disaster struck. The main water pipe burst and flooded the bunker, which then held about a dozen people. Since the entrance was narrow and there was no other emergency exit, only several managed to escape through the small opening. The rescuers who were summoned were not able to help, and the bodies of the drowned were later removed by the chevra kadisha.
Rabbi Chaim Kupferman [?] of Oshpitzin, now in the U.S.A., identified R Michele Blumenfrucht among the dead although he was without beard and payes, and he himself saw to his proper Jewish burial. HYD.
[Page 297]
Yakov was born in 5655 [1895] to his parents, R Shmuel and Zisel nee Agra. He studied in cheder and yeshiva, but most of his secular knowledge including a number of foreign languages, accounting, and banking he had acquired by himself, as he was very diligent, energetic, perspicacious, and had an excellent memory. When only in his twenties, he was already a senior officer at the first bank opened in Oshpitzin by R Wowtche Landau and his son-in-law, R Yosef Nathansohn.
He had been attracted to Zionism in his youth, and he became one of the upper echelon leaders. Most of them learned from him and studied Hebrew under him. As a result of this activity he was expelled from the bes medrish of the admor R Elazar.
He left Oshpitzin towards the end of the First World War, wandered, and came to Germany. At first he lived in Katowice and later in Beuten, where he managed a bank owned by Jewish partners, and he finally settled in Berlin. There he maintained close contacts with the leaders of the World Zionist Movement and participated in all the important events they organized.
Yakov always kept in touch with his home town and the people who came from
it, and he was a very devoted son to his parents and family, visiting them
often; at those times, he renewed his contacts with his many friends.When he
made aliyah in 5695 [1935] he found his chalutz comrades who had made aliyah
long before him and spent most of his time in their company. He was active in
the Oshpitzin Landsmanschaft from its very beginning as a member of its board,
as its secretary, and in other positions.
Yakov not only looked younger than his age but also had a youthful disposition until the last day of his life.We will not forget him.
[Page 298]
He owned a business dealing in school texts and office supplies and owned the first printing press in town. He achieved the reputation of an honest merchant who was well liked by all. His mastery of Polish and German was outstanding. During election campaigns for the Austrian Parliament [This refers to the period before World War I] he would appear before the inhabitants as a speaker on behalf of the candidate for parliament supported by the admorim.
For a number of years R Avrohom Gross was the head of the kehilla, i.e., the chairman of the kehilla administration, and it is due to his great acumen that the kehilla ran smoothly and that he was able to navigate and supervise all of the activities in a fashion that avoided the pitfalls of party infighting and factionalism which arose from time to time. He was popular in all the sectors of the Jewish population of the town.
May these lines written after the abyss of the oblivion, as recalled by his younger brother who was then a resident of Poland, serve as a monument on his grave in the city of Sosnowiec, to which he was transported on his sickbed with the rest of the towns Jews who had been expelled from it two days before Passover in the year 5704 [This must be a typographical error, as the Jews were driven out of Oswiecim in 1941 or 5701]. He died childless and bereft of his world and the city in which he had toiled for some 50 years.
[Page 299]
When he was happy he would recount many incidents and, like an overflowing fountain, he would recall memorable and forgotten events. His words were incisive, innovative, and sometimes razor-sharp, and his quips had great significance, containing a measure of sarcasm usually directed at himself and his lot, which was quite cruel.
I remember from my youthful days in the bes medrish, as I lifted a book that had fallen, R Pinchos would turn to me and say: Young man, do you know the difference between a book and its author? He would continue, Come, and Ill tell you. When a book falls it is picked up and there are some who will even kiss it and return it to its proper place, which is not quite what happens with the author, for should he fall no one picks him up, he is not kissed, and sometimes he even gets kicked in the behind.
Once, as he was walking from the bes medrish, he was asked why he refrained from taking a shortcut through the house of the local rabbi, the author of Ohel Yehoshua [Rabbi Yehoshua Pinchos Bombach], with whom he was close. He pulled his hat over his eyes and covered most of his face and said, I dont want to show my face before the rabbi, for what can the rabbi think when he sees me? He would perhaps call to mind an idea for my eulogy and there is plenty of time till then.
This was the face he showed in public, but in his innermost self he was a very serious person and would weep when no one saw. He was great in Torah and wisdom, intelligent, and quick-witted. Most of his time, especially at night, he would devote to study and contemplation.Throughout the night a dim light would be seen coming from his window.Sitting bent over at his studies, he would doze, wake up, and return to his studies until morning came.He studied and would write novellas and critiques in his illegible hand.
With the passage of time he published, at his own expense, his book Beis Pinchos on a number of Tractates in the Kodoshim division. The last book to be published was the second part of his work on the Tractate of Tmura, but most of his novellas remained in manuscript form and were incinerated together with their great author.
May his memory be a blessing!
[Page 300]
He brought his young wife, Augusta nee Chayes from Stanislawow, into his home in 1907.Here they had four sons and one daughter. Here he lived and worked until the Shoah. In September 1939 he moved to his father-in-laws home in Stanislawow, and experienced the suffering that was caused to many there after the liberation by the Russian victory [partition of Poland by the treaty of August 1939 between Germany and the U.S.S.R.].He and the rest of his family perished together with the Jewish community in their martyrdom at the Jewish cemetery on Hashana Raba in 1943 [October 20].
Externally, his was a colorless way of life like that of countless others, but he was an exception. Unlike so many others, his way was that of the minority possessing an individualistic personality.Born into a family of prosperous merchants, his father was a confirmed intellectual.His father was a skeptic, and yet he celebrated life and raised his three sons and two daughters in that spirit, namely to be free thinkers.He was not fond of business, and he transmitted to his son, Moshe, his negative regard for the Jewish merchant whose entire being was wrapped up in making a profit, together with his tendency towards skepticism. These attitudes were adopted by his son and turned into a large measure of antagonism toward religious tradition. He also inherited from his father the unusual talent of irony, which was his forte and rescued him from any note of satire, deprecation, or mockery.Dr. Goldberg made fun of no one, nor did he scorn anyone, although he knew how to attack his opponent with piercing rhetoric.He was able to rise above them all and regard everything from a higher plane.He who looks from above can see the distortions and that which is meaningless below, while being able to see afar and broaden his horizons.
So it happened, when he was a young student in the 1890s in Vienna, that he came to realize the emptiness of assimilation in all its absurdity and joined the ranks of the Jewish National Student Association, Kadimah, which raised the banner of the Zionist flag.
Having a broad education not merely juridical in all the branches of knowledge flourishing in the ancient royal capital in the last decades of the century, and having imbibed refined culture during his years of study there, Dr. Goldberg reappeared in Oswiecim, a small Galician border town populated by Jewish small merchants, most of them piously religious to an extreme. He found a few families who were estranged from such piety, but they regarded themselves as no different from good Germans or Poles. Naturally, there was no lack of controversy and strife among sectors of the Jewish population: discord between shtibel and shtibel, friction between families, and conflicts based on cultural differences. An association existed to disseminate literature, but Dr. Goldberg, in the throes of his ironic vision, saw all that was absurd in the assimilatory trend and felt that the absurdity was even greater in Oswiecim than in Vienna, since those in Oswiecim lacked the Viennese assimilationists level of culture.Yet he considered the lack of tolerance by the pious as even more crucial.He opposed them with every fiber of his being, and as a proud member of his people he prepared to do battle against them on behalf of Zionism in Oswiecim.Understandably, he became the leader of the Zionists there by virtue of his learning, his ability, and his intellectual level, which were so much greater than those of the few local Zionists.
These lines are not written to detail the formation of the Zionist movement or its leadership in Oswiecim, but only to describe Dr. Goldberg himself. As indicated earlier, Dr. Goldberg saw his environment from a higher plane.Few have such a vision, and it is only rare individuals who have it.The great ones, those with superior irony, reach the heights of human culture and spirit, like Leonardo, Shakespeare, and Goethe.As with them, irony appears in others together with the gift of mental balance and a great capacity for love.
Dr. Goldberg was blessed with both of these traits in great measure.One would never see him aggravated or angry in public.He was always controlled, polite, and tactful.In the most heated debate he knew how to remain calm, and in his contests with the pious and the assimilationists he neither cursed nor maligned. The Black Company was his harshest epithet.A sudden outburst was far from his style, and because he did not know how to hate, his stature was above the rest.
The love in his heart was his greatest attribute and was not confined to his family alone, but to all his friends. He was a good husband to his lifes mate and a devoted father to his children. His wife accompanied him throughout his life in devotion and warm concern until his very last day. She, too, may she rest in peace, died with him in Stanislawow.
He brought up his children to be good people.The late Eliyahu, his oldest, was an engineer with two degrees who rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel in the Israeli Air Force.He devoted many years of effort to acquiring airplanes in France for the IDF.Unfortunately, he lost his life there in an accident in the snows of Mont Blanc. He was a member of Kibbutz Ramat Yochanan. His second son, Dan, a member of the same kibbutz, interrupted his medical studies overseas in order to prepare himself for seamanship in an institute in Naples and, indeed, became one of our first seamen, participating as a sailor in the Second World War with his life at risk from German submarines. He was for many years the chairman of the Seamans Union in Israel. His daughter, Ruth, is married to a high-ranking officer of the IDF.His third son, Herbert, was not yet fully prepared for a career because of his youth, and remained in Poland. The fourth son, Amnon, died in one of the battles of the Second World War.
As mentioned earlier, the love of Dr. Goldberg was not confined to his family circle. He also devoted it to his many friends and fellow Zionists. He spoke to them with love. His wise counsel and kind assistance were always permeated with generous affection.
[Page 302]
R Chaim Ben Menachem was born in 5645 [1885] in Wysznice, a town near Krakow. He was married in 5669 [1909] to Feigel, the daughter of R Yitzchak Eizik Lerer of Oshpitzin and from that point on he became a permanent resident in town. He opened a business dealing in unprocessed hides near the local slaughterhouse on the estate of R Chaim Schenker. Through his business dealings, he established relationships with the lords of the manor who raised cattle, with butchers, and with meat processors on the one hand, and with tannery owners on the other. He employed workers, not all of them Jews, in his large warehouses.
He was admired and well liked by people, and he used his acquaintance with government officials for the benefit of the community, having fines against merchants for after-hours operations and the like canceled.
He was sensitive, generous, and charitable to all. I often met him on the way to the baths on Friday afternoons or before holidays with a large bundle of clothes under his arms: he was bringing these to distribute to the poor, whom he also invited to come for Shabbat meals in his home, and he wanted them to be clean and presentable.
His household was renowned for its hospitality. The comfortable home was always open to any passerby. R Chaims two daughters were active in the Bnos Agudas Yisroel, and dozens of their friends would come and go at all hours with the feeling that they were welcome.
R Chaim was one of the regular frequenters of the home of Rabbi Yechezkel Segal Landau, the rabbi of Kety, and was a regular worshiper in his bes medrish. When the new synagogue of the Bobower Hasidim was built, he made that his steady place of worship in order to be together with the Hasidim for whom he had a special regard and affinity.
At the outbreak of the Second World War his license for dealing in hides was revoked. He found a way to fill his warehouses with coal, and many of the needy and those in want of this vital commodity during the winter benefited from his largesse and generosity.
May his memory be a blessing!
[Page 303]
When he began to manage the affairs of commemoration of the Oshpitzin kehilla we came into more frequent contact, and I was never able to refuse his request for me to participate at the memorial meetings he organized annually, even when I was very busy. When he arranged for the setting up of a symbolic monument in commemoration of Oshpitzin at Kiryat Shaul, he devoted himself faithfully to the glorious memory of his kehilla, sparing no effort and exerting more strength than he could afford in order to realize his goal of establishing a memorial to that precious group of Jews whose name were inscribed once in golden letters and now in letters of blood and ashes. Instead of Oshpitzin Oswiecim. A testimonial to the ultimate destruction and everlasting disgrace, Auschwitz remains as an eternal symbol for all time of the scum of mankind, of the degeneracy of humankind, of the wild beast known as man. Thus, the good Eliezer Gleitzman wanted to tell coming generations about another Auschwitz, an Auschwitz of precious Jews, talmidei chachamim and industrious, community-minded people; men of refinement, charity and diligence; tzadikim and Hasidim, upright and innocent, of whom there remain here and there scattered and solitary branches. Most of them have taken root here in Eretz Yisrael, some overseas. I got to know Gustav Haberfeld who survived and went to Los Angeles, a rare spirit, a man of great courage who greets everyone with love and affection. I also got to know Hasidim and men of stature, such as R Hirshel Tauber that true Hasid and very many others, but the common denominator that characterized them was purity of heart, refinement, and all were warm-hearted and conscientious.
Therefore, as you are coming together to write Sefer Oshpitzin, I agreed to write some lines about that wonderful Jew who devoted himself to assuring that the memory of Oshpitzin will not fade from mankind. That was the late Eliezer Gleitzman.
May his soul rest in Paradise!
[Page 304]
It would happen at times that during meetings of the organization there were stormy and volatile sessions due to differences of opinion among the participants.Eliezers calm disposition always served to moderate and soothe the atmosphere.His sincerity, goodness, and gentleness aroused the unbounded admiration of all.
These traits were not accidental, for he had acquired them at home and he jealously guarded them.I can remember from my youth when I would daily make my way to the cheder or the shtibel through the snack bar that his parents had on concession. As if it were now, I can see his father walking his measured steps behind the counter to serve his customers.His parents, too, were public spirited and started a library for the lending of books to enhance Torah study and increase everyones knowledge.
The image of the late Eliezer, who devoted his best efforts and energy toward the associations activities, will always remain before his townsmen and his memory will be honored through the fulfillment of his last request and project: publishing the memorial book for Oshpitzin, the city of his birth. May his memory be a blessing.
[Page 305]
In 5685 [1925] he married Zlate, may she yet live on for many years. He was a gifted baal tfila [worship leader] and prayed sweetly and pleasantly and, despite having been married only a year before, led the services on the High Holy Days in the style of Zydaczow-Komarno even though he did not come from a Hasidic family.
When the Second World War broke out, he wandered through Europe with his wife and three children. In spite of all of the great suffering he experienced in Siberia, his spirit was unbroken. As soon as the war ended, he returned penniless to the city of Biale and immediately began to establish a synagogue and gather the few Jews who survived.
New horizons were opened for him. Thousands of surviving orphans searched for relief. Grandfather did not stand by idly. He immediately began to be active in the Vaad Hahatzala [Rescue Committee] and started many children on their way toward Eretz Yisrael. During this activity he became ill and was obliged to travel to France for surgery.
Immediately after his recovery he made preparations for aliyah, but like most Jews at that time he was deported to Cyprus. He did not sit back on arrival there but became the organizer of Childrens Camp #64 and, some time later, the main functionary of PAY [Poalei Agudas Yisroel] in the camps. He worked with great energy, primarily for the childrens camp, to obtain better food from the British. He was assisted in all his efforts there by his many friends, among them the late R Binyomin Mintz and the late R Yosef Pfeffer.
When the State was established, he came to Israel and was sent to Jabalya (Givat Aliyah) in Yafo. He immediately began working towards the establishment of a mikveh, together with a number of others. As time went on, he continued his public activity and became the PAY secretary in Yafo. When the decision was made to settle in Deir Jassin (today Givat Shaul Bet), the task of organizing the project on behalf of PAY was assigned to him. He was active until 5718 [1958] and then became ill and left public affairs.
About six months ago he became bedridden. His illness worsened until Iyar 14 [May 20, 1970] when he returned his soul to his Maker, completely lucid to his last moment.
He was 68 when he died. He was buried according to his wishes in Zichron Meir, in the Netzivei Poniviez cemetery. Surviving him were his wife, a son, two daughters, and grandchildren.
T. N. Z. B. H. [May his soul rest in Paradise!]
[Page 306]
All of this was precisely the opposite of what might have been expected. He suffered hardship in his young years in a small village in Galicia, as a child in a large family that did not always have the bare necessities. His student days were also harsh, in a foreign land far from home.Later he returned to Poland and married his unforgettable wife. Before his only daughter was born, he was recruited into the Austrian army and did not see his family for years.Captured by the Russians, he toiled at slave labor in Siberia as a prisoner of war captured by the Russians. After the war he emigrated to Germany with his family and became a businessman in Berlin.When the period of the Shoah drew near, he was again obliged to change his profession in order to prepare for the possibility of making aliyah.He and his wife arrived in Jerusalem towards the end of 1938, having come by way of a Nazi transit camp. Here, with great diligence and energy, he made his living in a way that was hard for him.Until late at night he sat at a sewing machine and, together with his wife, did tailoring until death separated them twelve years ago.Then, too, he did not despair and did not succumb to his bitter lot. At first he remained alone, and later he came to us and lived with our family without disturbing anyone, in spite of his advanced age. On the contrary, one might say that the last years, when he was still spry enough to care for himself, were contented years full of experiences. He was a charming person, so that anyone with whom he came in contact was delighted to converse with him. These years were, perhaps, a kind of compensation for what he had suffered earlier.
[I assume that this was the eulogy delivered by Dr. Golan and also assume that Dr. Golan was the son-in-law of RYitzchok Huppert.]
[Page 307]
These people were the heads of families of sons and grandsons of whom one could be proud. All of this precious beauty was destroyed by the enemy, may his name be blotted out. HYD! May we venerate their memory forever!
[Page 308]
R Moshe Wulkan belonged to this category of public figures. He had the basic characteristics from birth and acquired others from his many experiences in interaction with people and with local and government authorities. While he was young he acquired, in addition to his Torah learning, a broad and comprehensive education through his own efforts. R Moishele, in fact, studied all his life, and his every free moment was devoted to learning. While yet an avrech, he began his big business dealings with princes and counts, the owners of estates near and far.
He was a handsome, striking figure, always exquisitely dressed. He expressed himself forcefully in a number of languages and was accepted into high society despite being a pious Jew who scrupulously observed Torah and mitzvot in their entirety. Before reaching his thirties, he was already elected to the kehilla council, where he served for some 20 years and excelled in his many-sided activities. In the later years [before the war] he was chosen as chief executive of the Agudas Yisroel and the PAY and as deputy chairman of the kehilla council and served primarily as the liaison with the regional authorities. For many years he also served as a member of the municipal council and was active in its social and educational institutions.
His wife, Regina Wulkan nee Zucker was also active in public affairs and city institutions. She was a founding member of the social service committee serving schoolchildren and the poorer sections of the city and was on the committee caring for children in need. At her initiative, kitchens were established in the public schools to provide free meals and even clothing when needed. She responded to every call for help and joined in the tasks of providing assistance, gathering funds, and organizing promotional events. Mrs. Wulkan was a true helpmate to her husband R Moishele in most of his public activities.
He was truly beloved by all, known for his affability, his approachability, and the smile that never left his face. Even those who were far removed from his way of life, a life of Torah and mitzvot, liked and admired him.
His last public activity was while in exile in Russia during the war as a member of the Polish Jewry Committee. He was put on trial for anti-Soviet activity and incitement, accused of organizing public worship and conducting such, and was given a 10-year sentence, of which he served two years in a forced labor camp in far-off Asia.
After the war he stayed for some time in France and emigrated from there to the United States. He visited Israel several times. He died of old age in the United States and was laid to rest in Jerusalem.
[Page 310]
When he came of age he married Zlate, the daughter of Berish Kriezer from Oshpitzin, and he moved there and made it his permanent home. He opened a shoe store that grew into the largest of its kind in town.
R Mordechai was a regular at the bes medrish of R Chaim Schenker and one of the leading balebatim in town. He was involved in community affairs, devoted time to Torah study, and participated regularly in the daf yomi [daily study of a fixed portion of the Talmud]. He was very attached to the dynasty of the admor of Sacz, and traveled every year to the graveside of the Divrei Chaim [Rabbi Chaim Halberstam]. Likewise, he was an adherent of the Komarno rebbe, whose sons would stay at R Mordechais home when they visited Oshpitzin.
He was a modest man. He gave a lot of charity, much of it unobtrusively, and he did kind deeds for the sake of heaven.
He established a magnificent home and was very devoted to his family. As his sons came of age they helped him expand his business. His eldest son, Moshe Dovid, assisted him in the store, while his second son was the outside man, dealing with buying and selling and doing extensive business with suppliers, factory managers, and government authorities. He became a public figure and often interceded on behalf of those with lesser contacts with the regional governor and thereby helped his people and townsmen in their difficulties. His daughter, Rachel, the only one who survived from the entire family and is now in Israel, also worked in the family business.
There were also another son and daughter in the Wildman family: the daughter, Genendel, who married R Zalman Zalmanow, one of the prominent Chabad Hasidim in Warsaw and a close adherent of the rebbe, and the youngest son, Yisrael, who was an outstanding talmid chacham of the elite young Radomsker. They all perished in the Shoah, HYD!
[Page 311]
This Dvora, tall and upright, who heroically carried various public responsibilities in the community and in her party on her shoulders for decades, was not able to overcome the pain and distress of the disaster that struck her family with the loss of their oldest son, Uri, in the War of Independence.
Indeed, the grief of bereavement has no cure and takes its toll. The pain and distress gnaw at the heart, and for years Dvora was confined to her home and bed. She struggled against the bitterness of death until she was completely heartbroken. My last two visits with Dvora are etched deeply in my memory. One was in the hospital, when I shuddered at her pale and deeply lined face; with much concern, I promised to visit her again at home. Several weeks later, when I learned that she had recovered somewhat, I found her full of energy and vitality. For quite a while, longer than we had planned, she talked of various matters: the joy of her grandchildren and the elaborate library that had been assembled, instead of jewelry or other nonsense.
I was once more filled with hope that we would yet meet again and again to reminisce about things half forgotten. To my great sorrow, that was the last visit.
Hand in hand, Dvora had struggled together with our late Chaver Eliezer [Gleitzman], the chairman of the Oshpitzin Association from its very inception. At every occasion, in every activity, Dvora was at the forefront, and whatever Dvora did, she did with utter enthusiasm and endless devotion.
Her memory and accomplishments will be remembered forever by those who knew her and appreciated her with respect and admiration. May her memory be a blessing.
[Page 312]
At that time a self-defense group was organized in our town by 18-year-olds. One Friday night they all came running home from the synagogue to report that the gentiles were attacking passers-by, and my father also came running home, but he grabbed the military hat which he had from his military service in the Austrian army and went to join the boys at their posts, he being the only older person who had seen fit to join in the defense of the city.
He was very talented, a literate and enlightened person. His handwriting was extraordinarily beautiful. He was expert in astronomy, medicine, and other sciences.
He used his knowledge of medicine in a practical way. The people in town would come to request his help. Both the poor and the rich came at all hours of the day and night. He devoted himself to healing the sick with love, and he never refrained in all his years from providing help to anyone in need. He was always in his patients homes all without any remuneration, of course. He did apply himself to business somewhat, in order to provide for the family, but the major burden of providing for the family fell on my mother until we grew up and were able to help.
He, himself, had little regard for money. He used to say that money was only a means for life, but not its goal. He always made do with what he had. The bulk of his time and energy he devoted to healing the sick and he was eminently successful, so that he was renowned for it in the whole town.
Unlike others, he was tolerant of Zionism. What happened to my friends never happened to me. He never tore up a book or notebook of mine when I secretly studied Hebrew, nor did he come to our meeting place raising a hullabaloo.Yet he was an extremely strict disciplinarian.We girls had to pray on Shabbat, to learn the Ethics of the Fathers in the summertime and Borchi Nafshi in the winter, and he forbade us to speak Polish or read a Polish book on Shabbat. We had to be present for kiddush on Friday night, on Shabbat, and for havdalah as well. Once I was out on an activity away from town and didnt notice how late it had gotten. I ran all the way home but was still fifteen minutes late for havdala. Fearfully I opened the door. Father was sitting at the table with the cup in his hand and everyone else was standing looking upset. When he saw me he stood up and made havdala without saying another word. My aunt and uncle started shouting that it was all his fault, since I was a Zionist, and asking why he did not punish me. He did not respond. I was never late again, ever.
From childhood I lovingly remember the winter Shabbat nights after the meal, when Father would gather us around the stove and tell us in his wonderful way the legends and tales of the Hasidim with all of their wonders, until late at night. This did become a hindrance later on, because my brother Shlomo and I were prevented from participating in activities and my fabricated excuses were not always successful in getting us away. We made up these stories in spite of the fact that he knew that we were in the movement. There were always good Jews who saw us going into the meetinghouse, and they would tell him about it and give advice on how he should react. Then he really got angry. His honor had been impugned in that we had become the subject of gossip, which he hated terribly.
My eldest brother, Yoav, made aliyah as early as 1925 and he paved the way for us to Zion. A year later my sister Dora followed him. In 1932 my brother Shlomo and I came, and in 1935 we brought our parents and our sister Rachel. Remaining in Poland was only my brother Yosef, a wise yeshiva bochur and my very best friend. All of our efforts to bring him as well were unsuccessful and he perished in the Shoah, HYD.
Our parents lived here for about another 25 years, but they grieved all those years for the son they had left behind. Towards the end they moved to Bnei Brak, and there our father died on 11 Teveth 5720 [Jan. 11, 1960] at the age of 87, and our mother a year after that. They were laid to rest in the Zichron Meir Cemetery.
May their memory be a blessing.
[Page 313]
He was of short stature. He possessed knowledge of Torah, Hasidism, and general
sciences. He was a talmid chacham, expert in Talmud and Codes. He was one of
the important Hasidim of the admor of Sacz. He was a frequenter of the court of
the admor of Shinova, the author of Divrei Yechezkel, the son of the first
admor of Sacz. He was an expert in sciences, especially medicine, because he
had been inducted into the Austrian medical corps during the First World War
and worked with renowned doctors in the hospitals all the years of the war.
With his quick grasp he learned the practical side of medicine. He was a
thoroughgoing lover of Zion. When he succeeded in coming to the Land, he showed
me with pride how many shkalim
he had bought, dating back to the First Zionist Congress.
This must have been done in complete secrecy, as at the time Hasidism was battling against Zionism. He also did not oppose his childrens desire to make aliyah. On the contrary, he saw them off with blessings and good wishes for fulfilling their dream. We greeted them with much joy. They came directly to Rehovot because their children lived there.They got an apartment near their oldest son, R Shimon Yoav, and all the children saw to their every need. As time passed, we realized that it was beneath their dignity to rely on the support of their children and we decided to put up a kiosk on the lot belonging to his son, R Shimon, for the sale of soft drinks, cigarettes, cake, and sweets.With that, he again became a businessman and made an honorable living. He even was able to buy presents for his grandchildren. In the synagogue he was respected, gave charity, and gave of himself to others.It was interesting to see him on Shabbat as he made his way to the synagogue in his shtreimel, white stockings, and the traditional garb of the Galician Hasidim, wrapped in his tallit. He would stride from his house to the synagogue by way of the main street, Rehov Herzl. People on the street would stop to look after him, and everyone he met would greet him with Gut Shabbes, R Chaim. He was loved and respected by the entire public in Rehovot, both the Orthodox and the secularists.When he opened his kiosk, scientists from the Weizman Institute would make a point of buying their cigarettes from him in order to have the opportunity to talk with him about some topic. Dr. Bloch, the general director of the Weizman Institute, would stop by, buy a pack of cigarettes, and have a long chat, for he too was from a Hasidic family. He especially liked to hear the sayings of the famous admorim.
He had great expertise in medicine, and most of the old people, his friends from the bes medrish, would consult him and not the doctors when they felt poorly.There was a well-known pharmacy in Rehovot, that belonging to Dr. Levinsky, which would make up medications for him according to his prescriptions.
R Chaim was an expert in halacha and customs, and he always had learned debates with great authorities. He usually won, because his memory was sharp and clear and never failed him to the very last. When he reached his 80s and it had become difficult for him to continue running his small business, he asked his children to assist him in finding a place in a home for the aged. He used to say, A person should not work until the last clod [is thrown on his grave] but ought to prepare a few years for that road from which no one returns. He chose Bnei Brak because it was not too far from Rehovot and he had close friends and relatives there who would be happy to visit. Hardly a day passed without a visitor. Nearly every Saturday night it was my turn to visit them.He was always ready with some nice sayings based on the Weekly Portion.He gave himself over completely to Torah and good deeds and continued to do so until he was 87.
He was buried according to his wishes in the Zichron Meir Cemetery, in the Kohen section. A year later his wife joined him and was buried right next to him.
[Page 315]
Later he enrolled in the yeshiva and was one of the students of the first admor of the Bobowa dynasty, Rabbi Shlomo Halberstam, when he served as the rabbi and av besdin of Oshpitzin. From that time on he was his close adherent and would frequent his home when he moved to Wisnicz [Nowy] and later to Bobowa. He was known as one of the bocherim who excelled in Torah study, spending days and nights diligently at study.
When he came of age he married Sarah, the daughter of the famous philanthropist, R Chanoch Wulkan. He opened a store and built his home in the city of his birth, Oshpitzin.
With the outbreak of the First World War he was drafted into the Austrian army and served in the reserves.At the same time, his oldest son, R Chaim, now in Canada, was also called up for regular service and served together with his father; they fought on various fronts. It was a rarity in those days for a father and son to serve together in the army.
He was a businessman all his life, and in the later years he dealt in coal and kindling wood and made a good living for his family.
My father was a congenial person and a man of exceptional character. He devoted time to Torah on a daily basis and also taught his household to be devoted to Torah and Hasidism, and he lived to see the coming generation following in the same path.
All of his family perished in the Shoah. The only survivors were his son, R Chaim, who emigrated to Canada many years ago and his youngest son, Yehoshua Pinchas, who lives in Jerusalem. (His son Avrohom went through four years of hell in various concentration camps and on the day of liberation, May 8, 1945, in the last muster at Rechenbach [?], when they announced the arrival of the Russians and the liberation of the prisoners, his heart gave out, he fell, and he died on the spot. HYD)
My father died in the Sosnowice ghetto on 15 Elul 5702 [Aug. 28, 1942] and was
buried there.
[Page 316]
My grandfather, R Nosen Silbiger, excelled in his superior qualities. He was charitable, hospitable, and his house was open to any unfortunate. He was considered one of the wealthy people in town. His wine business was administered by him and his sons, and he owned properties in the little marketplace (Maly Rynek). In his courtyard in more recent times a brush factory was started which employed Jewish youths.
My grandfather performed the mitzvah of circumcision with utter devotion, and more than once he put his life at risk in order to perform it properly and on time.There was an occasion when a villager from one of the nearby villages summoned him to circumcise his son on the eighth day. As was his custom, R Nosen never refused to perform a mitzvah that came his way, and he acted quickly. He packed up his equipment and joined the villager on his cart on the way to the circumcision.
These were the days of thaw. A heavy rain poured down and the wagon proceeded with difficulty. By the afternoon they reached a bridge over a turbulent river.The water had overflowed the banks and covered the bridge. It was impossible to cross. Near the submerged bridge a number of farmers had congregated with their wagons and were patiently waiting for the rain to stop and the bridge to reemerge. The rain, however, did not stop and the bridge remained obscured. Hour after hour passed and the day was drawing to a close, so that if they waited any longer it would be too late to perform the mitzvah at its proper time. The babys father began to weep out of great distress and hopelessness.Then R Nosen took his hand and said to him: Take my hand and we will attempt to cross the bridge on foot, because our wise men have said that no evil befalls those on a mitzvah errand. The gentile farmers couldnt believe their eyes.The two waded into the roiling waters, which came up to their waists.The mighty flow whipped at them, but they continued step after step until they had passed the treacherous waters.
Soaked to the skin, they arrived before dark at the villagers home and managed to perform the bris before sundown. In commemoration of this event my grandfather would make a thanksgiving feast annually on that date.He would invite his family, relatives, and friends to the seudat mitzvah and recount the details of the episode and bless the One who had performed miracles for him in that place.
It was grandfathers custom to observe the shaleshudes mitzvah every Shabbat at his home, surrounded by his extended family: sons, daughters, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren, as well as friends and neighbors such as R Dovid Wulkan, RMeir Henich Gutman, and R Berel Wald, among others. They sang the zmiros pertaining to that meal and heard his words of Torah.
My grandfather had five sons, three daughters, and dozens of grandchildren and great-grandchildren. His oldest son, RAvrohom, had moved to Nuremberg in Germany; R Chaim Yitzchok lived in Janzur [?]; R Yehuda lived in Munich until the Jews were deported from there. Four of his children live in Israel. R Shlomo Alter and the youngest son, RShimon, lived in Oshpitzin. His son-in-law, Eli Metziner [?] also lived in Oshpitzin, and his son-in-law, R Elchonon Eisenberg, was one of the prominent Bobower Hasidim, an educator and influential man. He had a good voice and would lead the services on the High Holy Days in the new bes medrish of the Bobower Hasidim.
Most of grandfathers family perished in the Shoah, HYD.
In addition to my grandfather there were other mohelim in town. They were: The shochet R Mendel Flinker, the shochet R Berish Neifeld, R Chaim Shimon Miller, and R Shmuel Schnitzer. The admor R Eluzerl Rosenfeld and his son R Zvi Hirsh also circumcised their own sons, the sons of their relatives, and those who prayed at their bes medrish. Occasionally acting as a mohel was Rabbi R Chaim Yehuda Halberstam, the son-in-law of the av besdin, and chief rabbi R Yehoshua Pinchas Bombach.
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text:
We have three main campaigns in Africa: tackling climate change, stopping the looting of the continent's fish and saving the forests.
Let's not beat about the bush. All these threats are serious, but climate change might just be the biggest threat mankind has ever faced, particularly in Africa. Africans aren't responsible for climate change; the industrial nations are the worst offenders. But it is Africans who will pay the steepest price.
The energy sector is the worst offender, creating almost 66 percent of all greenhouse gases. Yet in South Africa, where the government is faced with a major energy supply problem, their answer seems to be the building of more coal-fired energy stations, a 'solution' which only serves to worsen the problem.
Greenpeace is locked in a desperate struggle to change people's minds, especially the minds of the country's leaders. We need to change the view that nuclear power is a cheap and effective solution to our energy problems -- it's not. We want to start a revolution in the thinking around energy, promoting the use of renewable energy sources, and saving the continent and creating jobs in the process.
Find out more about the climate campaign
In central Africa, the rainforests in the Congo Basin provide the livelihood for 40 million people. These communities depend on the forests for their food, their medicines, as well as the materials used to build their homes. Additionally, this region is home to 270 species of mammals, among them the endangered gorillas, Bonobo and chimpanzees. The okapi and forest elephant are just two of the 39 species of animals found only here. These forests aren't being protected for the people living here, they're being destroyed.
Now Greenpeace is working locally and internationally to protect this special environment before it is too late. Called 'Forests for Climate', the initiative will teach the world how it can make financial sense to leave the forests as they are, rather than chopping them up forever.
Find out more about the forest campaign
Off the west coast of Africa, the battleground is underwater. Governments here have given massive European fishing fleets permission to come in and suck their waters dry of the fish that sustain their people.
These nations don't have navies to monitor fishing fleets, so what was meant to bring foreign currency into the economy has ended up as nothing less than modern piracy on the high seas. Fewer people here are eating fish than their grandparents did as the traditional fishing grounds of West Africa are being looted for the dinner tables of Europe.
Find out more about the oceans campaign
Greetings from the Plancius The Last Desert Race 2014 is something of the past. We returned to Deception Island (venue of stage 1), although in a different location for the 5th and final stage, due to extreme weather conditions in the...
08-Nov-2014 05:03:20 AM [(GMT+08:00) Beijing, Chongqing, Hong Kong, Urumqi] Greetings from the Plancius It is Friday evening (21h00) on the Plancius. Today (Stage 4) was supposed to go on for at least 12 hours, but we did not even...
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text:
By The Numbers: Soft Beverages
By Mac Malikowski | May 31, 2013
Egg cream, Arnold Palmer, Shirley Temple, hot chocolate, ginger tea, peanut milk, lemonade, switchel… The list goes on. While soft beverages, that is to say, non-alcoholic beverages, reign as indispensable staples of civilizations around the world, they do seem to lack the glamour and consideration bestowed on their boozy cousins. Read More


text:
InsideEd moves to new platform
Hello Inside Ed Family,
As many of you may have noticed, there are some changes to InsideEd. We have moved to a new platform, that can be reached here. Over the past year, all of our blogs have converted to this new system, and last week, it was our turn.
We're still figuring a lot of it out, but some changes that you will see are: a.) the blog looks different; b.) the blog entries look just like our daily content, but I think we will begin identifying them as blogs in our headlines; c.)We no longer approve comments; they are automatically posted, like they are on stories featured in our general content.
We were able to have our web staff transfer some of our previous posts, but not all of them. Very unfortunate, we know. But, we're continuing to monitor this site for comments, etc. and will continue blogging away on the new InsideEd platform as The Sun continues to convert and work out kinks on our new blog.
The web address is: http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/education/blog/


text:
What girl doesn't love SHOES! Give your wallet a break and check out Plato's Closet for deals on shoes and everything else you need to fill your closet. I spotted these at the Bellingham location. There's plenty locations in our area with tons of great finds at each store. Get the most up-to-date info about Bellingham's outfits or Plato's fashion finds on Facebook. Follow them on Twitter and Instagram, too!
Follow Ellen Tailor on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.


text:
The Power of Independent Thinking
What President Obama Should Learn from His Predecessors
Recorded: Tuesday, April 7, 2009
Amid the current economic and financial crises, President Obama may do well to remember the men who have come before him.
Experts: Ivan Eland, Andrew R. RuttenType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Constitutional Law, Culture/ Society, Defense and Foreign Policy, Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economic Policy, Freedom, Government Power, History (U.S), Nationalism, Political Ideology and Philosophy, Politics, Race Issues, Terrorism and National Crises
A Gala for Liberty: The Independent Institutes Gala Reception and Dinner
Recorded: Tuesday, September 16, 2008
On September 16, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, actor and director Andy Garcia, and entrepreneur William K. Bowes, Jr. were honored at the Independent Institutes A Gala for Liberty. Each honoree received the Alexis de Tocqueville Award in recognition of their contributions to advancing the ideas and ideals of liberty, entrepreneurship, innovation, and peace.
Experts: George B. N. Ayittey, Michael J. Boskin, William K. Bowes, Jr., Andy Garcia, Archbishop Desmond M. Tutu, Alvaro Vargas LlosaType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Business, Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Collectivism, Culture/ Society, Democracy, Diplomacy and Foreign Aid, Economic History and Development (International), Free Market Economics, Free Speech, Freedom, Government Power, History (International), Latin America, Political Ideology and Philosophy, Race Issues, Religion, Taxes, Terrorism and National Crises, Trade


text:
Top Definition
An amazingly flexible freak of a girl... count your lucky stars if you get on of these in your lair!
Holy shit... that gymasty turned into a freaking pretzel last night..
af Bugaboo 13. september 2003
To perform sexual, homoerotic gymnastics that generally involve strange fetishes
Oh man, me and Butch decided to gymnasty all over each other last night. I woke up this morning and my face was dripping with Fruit Loop diarrhea.
af NotButch 24. oktober 2010
Any micro-organisms, germs, microbes, organisms, pathogens, viruses found on gym equiptment surfaces after being used by a sweaty, fat, smelly, man who you will never see at the gym again.
Ugh, that Chris-Farley-on-coke looking guy put his crotch on that abducter machine and didnt wipe it off! And he's not wearing underwear! Eeew! His gymnasties are everywhere!
af silbeltram 10. maj 2006


text:
AirInstinct HEPA Filter
Sku # 3YRHPK1
- 3-year Replacement HEPA Filter for AirInstinct™ ^
- Fits all Oreck AirInstinct™ Air Purifier Models
AirInstinct HEPA Filter 3 3
OVER ALL OF THE PRODUCT AND CONVENIENCE THE PRODUCT TAKES AWAY MOST OF THE SMELL AND I AM A SMOKER BUT YOU HAVE TO REPLACE THE FILER SYSTEM AT LEAST ONCE A YEAR IF NOT MORE EVEN THOUGH THEY SAY THAT IT HAS A 3 YEAR AND 1 YEAR LIFE ON THE PRODUCTS THAT I HAVE BUT THIS IS NOT TRUE YOU MUST REPLACE THEM MORE OR RISK DAMAGING THE ENTIRE SYSTEM AND ON TOP OF THAT THEY ITEMS ARE ALWAYS NOT AVAILABLE ON LINE. I MEAN I AM WILLING TO SPEND THE MONEY BUT WHEN THE REPLACEMENT FILTERS ARE NEVER IN STOCK THAT PRESENTS A PROBLEM FOR ME AND ALL CONSUMERS. November 21, 2013
Air Instinct Hepa filter 3-year Replacement HEPA Filter for AirInstinct So I thought this meant I had a 3 year replacement. No it does not. It is misleading. I have 3 of these machines that all require replacement at this time. At the price of $59.99 each! And of course on top of that, they are not in stock and do not know when they will be. 3 year replacement should either be removed or explained at the time of purchase. October 8, 2013
OK filters, when Oreck actually has them It is pretty disappointing to purchase an air purifier that costs as much as the Oreck does, and then this filter is out of stock for months at a time! I have had to just shut my unit off for the past 2 months while needing a replacement filter. April 6, 2015
1-3 of 3
^Filter life will vary by usage and environment


text:
What is RM Cash
User Tip: If you're unsure of your vehicle type, you may skip the machine type selection box.
Select type, make, model and year above
"Customer service is priority #1 at Rocky Mountain ATV/MC. We value our customers and strive to be the best shopping experience- when you buy from us, you are buying lifetime service."
-Dan Thomas, CEO and Founder
We take pride in offering no hassle returns. In the event of a return, please call, email or chat with us to receive a solution to the problem. For apparel that doesn't fit quite right, Click here to see our Fit Guaranteed Program.
We will stand behind all products we sell with regards to manufacturing defects in workmanship and material. Most products are limited to the manufacturer's warranty. However, we will do everything in our power to take care of the problem.
Each review submitted enters you into a $100 gift card monthly drawing, and a $500 gift card quarterly drawing!
Comments On Dec 21, 2014:Loved this product it can be used for other things other than just an axle bearing puller.. The hammer pulls off and doubles as a perfect tool to tap bearings back in..
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Comments On Jul 15, 2014:Bought this as a "just in case" Have used it so many times on other guys bikes I dont know how I managed without it. My only regret is not buying the whole set at the time. Super fast shipping to Australia, and at a great price. Keep up the great work guys. Cheers Mark
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Comments On Feb 01, 2014:made the job super easy. highly recommend this product for bearing removal jobs
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Comments On Aug 18, 2013:Tusk ATV Axle Bearing Remover Set very good tool to have to remove axle bearing makes getting the bearing out with less work and I have been using the tool a lot to replace axle bearing ever since I have started riding atvs I highly recommend this tool !
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Comments On Dec 06, 2012:I will always have this tool in my garage, made for removing and rebuilding my bearing carrier on my rear axle. A must have for a start, the big heavy equipment comes later. I will be buying the entire set soon!!
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Comments On Jan 08, 2011:Removing axle bearings are way easier with this tool, the slide hammer is a much better system than trying to pound them out the old way.
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Comments On Jul 20, 2010:I hate removing old axle bearings so i gave this a try. it worked great, the tool fit into the old bearing nice and tight and the slide hammer pulled it right out. very cool tool.
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text:
Request taken
We are a small studio manufacturing miniature wargames terrain and scenery and are aiming at a niche product wargames terrain mats. They are going to be 4 x 6 (122 x 183 cm) tabletop covers with printed picture of map or landscape on them (top view). The landscape should serve as a ground level for all the actual terrain pieces that will be used for a game. How a mat looks like in action is: http://www.harmonyinhuatulco.com/adm...s/IMG_3105.jpg and http://www.harmonyinhuatulco.com/adm...s/IMG_3112.jpg . Since we plan to constantly release different various mats, any setting is ok: desert / jungle / winter / space platform / hell itself you choose.
Mats are going to be used in 28-32mm miniature games, thus meaning, that an average human sized miniature is roughly 1 inch wide. Terrain should be flat and should not suggest players that some drawn object might or might not be an in-game obstacle. Basically I need a background with ~3 different styles (i.e. forest trees, grass, bushes; desert rock, sand, oasis; sci-fi ground, tiles, more tiles) 0-1 road / dry river / patch, ~10 unique large objects scattered through the mat (building ruins, wrecked warfare, fallen statues, piles of stuff, ponds, swamps, etc.), and some smaller elements (such as stones, bushes, puddles or springs, corpses, tracks, weapons, skeletons, wreckage etc.). These are just preliminary numbers of course.
A good example of what I am looking are these screenshots of some popular computer games:
I will require 122 x 183 cm TIFF, 300 DPI. Time is not an issue as long as were not talking months. I will have the right to use the image for commercial purposes, the artist will have the right to exhibit the image as part of his portfolio but not to exploit it for commercial gain. Of course artists name and/or initials on the map and noted in product description. NDA if required by artist, signed agreement for the ease of both minds.
You provide a link to your portfolio and / or you make a small image / fragment of what you are going to draw for free so we both know what to expect. We agree upon a price. If need arises, I can pay part of the sum in advance. PayPal transfer.
Email email@example.com . Replace cutdeep part with deepcut.
Request taken
Request available again
If your having trouble finding someone who can do this and at the 300dpi TIFF as required and you like these kinds of swatches in the link below that I did at 300dpi then I would have a go at this. I have some custom software that makes extremely large images of blended textures just like what I believe your requiring.
(See post #12 and beyond or post #33 for a swatch of 6 styles from the one initial setup).
I'm not much of a drawing artists but these kinds of texture maps and the ability to make them in the size you need is something that I have a lot of experience in.
Last edited by Redrobes; 12-09-2012 at 01:28 PM.
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