text:
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Could be held on with concealed mirror fasteners (usually a clip or notched "button" design, with very litle showing outside the mirror, or none showing if has trim around it, or with large dabs or swipes of mirror adhesive or liquid nails. The former leaves minimal damage when removed - no more than a heavy duty picture hanger, the latter leaves divots in drywall, as you surmised, and holes in the drywall if a piece of plywood is not used as a prypoint when prying it off.
If you want to try to save the mirrors, then a glass and mirror installer is needed - they can remove them from the hangers, or cut the adhesive with wire saw - though that will add probably 2-3 hours labor per room. Then you would need a painter who also does minor drywall repairs.
If not saving the mirrors, then I suspect you could get a Handyman to pop them off, repair the divots, and repaint. Otherwise, a Painter would probably be glad to do it and repair the damage and repaint - just be prepared for a hefty charge for duct tape - like $100-200, because that is the best way to do this - duct tape the surface completely, pry the mirrors off (commonly breaking them), then cut through the tape to make pieces of glass manageable and of a size to fit in garbage can or box for hauling out. Be sure to emphasize PLYWOOD protection for floors, overlain by canvas or plastic, when removing the mirrors - drop a good sized piece and you have significant flooring damage.
Here is a prior response for a similar situation, including the same suggestions about removal, but also a bunch of ideas of how to leave the mirrors and cover or integrate them - which can be a LOT cheaper than paying a two-man crew for a day to remove mirrors, depending on solution you choose.
this is probably a quarter to full days job to remove depending on how fastened and if saving or not, so about $200-800 range. Drywall repair and painting probably about another $150-250 range, so ballpark numbers - pushing $300-400 if mirrors come off easy (bracketed) or can be scrapped, more like a thousand $ if saving mirrors.
I apologize for my delay. It sounds like you'll need the services of a contracting company. After you've signed in to www.angieslist.com, try searching "Remodeling - General" using the "Search the List" tab in the main green navigation bar.
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Thanks for writing! - Kyle K
Your Search the List category is Glass and Mirrors - the Speedy Glass type company that does home and auto glass replacement.
If the glass is held in with window putty (a doughy tan or white putty) or by a wood trim piece all around it pinching it in place, then you can probably fix it yourself for about $15 piece of glass at a glass replacement place or somehome improvement/lumberyards.
If the glass is multiple-pane, or encased in a metal frame, then not easy to do yourself, though in some situations with single-pane you could remove the glass mounting frame entirely, use larger glass, and install with window putty. Double or triple pane you need then to fabricate a new "glazing unit" for you - the glass layers all enclosed in the metal encasing unit.If you are going to pay for that, might as well have them put it in too.
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Canary Islands dry woodlands and forests
Canary Islands viewed from satellite platform. Source: NASA
The Canary Islands dry woodlands and forests is situated on the Canary Island Archipelago; despite the small land area, this ecoregion is one of the most biodiverse parts of the temperate regions of the world. The biodiversity of these unique volcanic islands is endemic and relict. The islands support a wide variety of endemic taxa produced by evolutionary processes due to isolation. In some taxa, like coleopters, endemicity reaches 70 percent of the native species found in the Canary Islands. Moreover, living fossil plants from the Tertiary geological period are still present in the islands laurel forests (laurisilva). Based on vegetation, more than 70 different terrestrial ecological communities can be described for this ecoregion. The conservation of the habitats of the Canary Islands has much improved in recent years, but there are still threats faced by the habitats and endemic species of the islands.
Location and General Description
The Canary Archipelago is a group of volcanic islands and rock islets found in the Macronesia region, which also includes Salvajes, Madeira, Azores and Cape Verde Islands. The Canaries are located in the Atlantic Ocean, between 27º 20' and 29º 25' north and between 13º 20' and 18º 10' west. They are about 115 kilometers (km) from the northwest coast of Africa. This ecoregion includes the five western islands: La Palma, Hierro, Gomera, Tenerife, and Gran Canaria. The western islands are younger than the eastern group and are more mountainous, with well-developed forests. The eastern islands are lower are drier and are included here within the Mediterranean Acacia-Argania Dry Woodland and Succulent Thicket ecoregion.
Despite their proximity to Africa (in latitudes similar to those of the Sahara, Egypt and Saudi Arabia), the Canaries show a wide range of different microclimates apart from sub-desert landscapes. This is caused by several factors such as elevation and orientation, but especially because of the influence of northeast to southwest sea winds, called alisios. These relatively hot winds become cooler and more humid as they pass over the sea surface. The seas surrounding the islands are cool because of a current flowing north past the islands from cold southern latitudes. Once the alisios reach the northern parts of the higher Canary Islands, this moisture is trapped by the dense laurisilva and fayal-brezal (heath) vegetation on the mountain slopes. This vegetation acts as a sponge, condensing moisture in drops as large as three cubic millimeters (mm3) and producing a phenomenon called horizontal rain. Most of the water is captured in the north, and the mountains function as natural barriers, so the southern parts of the islands are drier and have proportionally higher temperatures and lower humidity levels throughout the year. Low-lying islands with elevations under 750 meters (m) receive no rain from the passing alisios so that habitats and climate here are drier and similar to the southern parts of the higher islands. Sometimes, the Archipielago experiences eastern dry winds from the Sahara. This phenomenon is locally called "calima" or "calina," and dust levels in the air become temporally high.
Rains are heavier in the autumn and winter months. Precipitation in coastal zones is between 100 and 350 mm per year with air relative humidity levels (ARHL) ranging from 55-65 percent. Annual precipitation levels at elevations from 250 to 600 m are about 650 mm per year with 70-80 percent ARHL. Annual precipitation levels at elevations higher than 600 m average about 400 mm with 35-40 percent ARHL.
The Canary Island Archipelago was formed by undersea volcanic activity. There have also been eruptions on emergent islands, with the most recent one occurring in La Palma in 1971. La Palma and El Hierro are the youngest islands, only 2-3 million years old. Because of the islands' origin, all materials in the Canaries are volcanic and, depending on the substances composing the lava, they can be grouped into the following types: Traquitic-fonolitic, basaltic and traquibasaltic rocks, and Piroclastic and slag materials. Different soil types have been produced due to the effects of vegetation, local weather conditions and topography on these volcanic materials.
Plant Associations
Each of the habitats recognized in the Canaries grows on a specific kind of soil. The following are soil descriptions for dry woodlands and forests. Canarian endemic pine forests grow on two kinds of fertile soil: ancient red lands (the color is produced by high iron oxide content and clay levels) and level, grey, clay lands with low organic material content formed in places with well-defined seasons. Endemic Macronesian heaths are located in humid zones in young soils composed of hydrated aluminic silicates with a high level of organic material. Laurisilva occurs on recent materials in places with well-defined seasons and medium to low organic substance levels which lie above older soil types (like those where Canarian endemic pine forests grow).
The Canary Islands lack river systems. In spite of that and owing to the steep topography of the western islands, they are crossed by complex systems of ravines produced by water erosion over thousands of years. These gullies serve as drainage for winter rainfall and, on the higher islands like Tenerife, water from the thawing snow and ice flows year-round. Other islands become dry in summer. Generally, the northern parts of the islands are steeper than the southern regions, which have bigger plains and more semiarid landscapes.
Vegetation can be described according to elevation zones. At the lowest elevation, coastal vegetation grows, including types typical of cliffs and sandy regions. Endemic palm groves (Phoenix canariensis), and semiarid vegetation are present. Generally, these vegetation types occur from sea level to 600 meters (m) in the north and up to 1000 m in the south, and include many endemic taxa. Endemics are mainly found to be from the Euphorbiaceae, for example, Euphorbia canariensis, and E. balsamifera. Other important endemic species are Ceropegia fusca, Plocama pendula, Salvia canariensis, Argyranthemum frutescens, Rumex lunaria, Convolvulus floridus, and Messerschmidia fruticosa.
Along the transition zone from 50 to 500 meters (m), between the sea level coastal community and giving way to laurisilva vegetation, there are thermophiles and pre-steppe bush. The species found here are common to both the lower and higher vegetation formations. This zone has been damaged for decades because of its good potential for crops. Some of the endemic and representative species are Bosea yervamora, Echium strictum, Greenovia aurea, Aeonium sp., Monanthes laxiflora, Campylanthus salsoloides, Forsskaolea angustifolia, and Dracaena draco.
Humid and shady laurisilva forest grows between 500 and 1400 m in elevation, with some species reaching more than 20 m in height. Some 20 million years ago, this evergreen forest covered large areas of the world. However, because of the dramatic weather changes experienced in the Quaternary, it has only survived in a few places. This is one of the jewels of vegetation biodiversity in the Canary Islands; the best conserved of all Macronesian laurel forest can be found here. Even though laurisilva is formed by several taxa grouped in different families, there are four representative species from all of Lauraceae. They are: Ocotea foetens, Apollonias barbujana, Laurus azorica, and Persea indica. Other Macronesian endemic species found in laurisilva are Arbutus canariensis, Ilex canariensis, Visnea mocanera, Picconia excelsa, Heberdenia excelsa, Salix canariensis, and Viburnum tinus.
Endemic Macronesian heaths, also known as fayal-brezal, grow from 500 to 1,700 m, as transition vegetation between laurisilva and Canarian endemic pine forests, with which they share some species (Ilex canariensis, I. perado, Larus azorica, and Picconia excelsa). There are three distinctive species Myrica faya, Erica arborea and E. scoparia. Three different patterns of distribution can be seen. The first one is the contact zone with laurisilva, where Myrica spp. are dominant, with some Erica spp.; the second one is the typical fayal-brezal association (Myrica-Erica); and finally the third one is the contact zone with pine forests where Erica spp. are more common than Myrica spp.
Canarian endemic pine forests (Pinus canariensis) are found almost at sea level in southern areas but in the northern parts of the islands are found from 1,200 to 2,400 m in elevation. Previously widespread in southern Europe, they disappeared from the continent with the last glaciations (Pliocene). In their limited range they are mixed with Adenocarpus spp., Myrica-Erica associations, or even with laurisilva forest (northern), or with Chamaecytisus spp., Spartocytisus spp., and Ephedera spp., or Cistus spp. or Micromeria spp. (southern). Pines can also be found mixed with Juniperus cedrus and J. phoenicea at higher elevations. Although Canarian endemic pine forests contain a lower number of species compared with other vegetation formations in the Canaries, they have a large number of endemics in all plant groups, including fungi and lichens. Some of these Canarian endemic plants are Bystropogon plumosus, Aeonium spathulatum, Asparagus plocamoides, Tolpis laciniata and Teline sp.
Finally, vegetation grows in the high mountains above 2,000 meters (m) on La Palma and Tenerife. Some of the typical species of this vegetation can also be found occasionally on other high islands of the archipelago that hold the following climatic attributes: very low humidity level, scarce rainfalls, very cool winters (-16ºC occasionally registered), warm summers (sometimes more than 46ºC), high isolation year-round, and big contrasts of day/night temperatures. Both endemic species and genera are found and these include Spartocytisus supranubius, Erysimum scoparium, Nepeta teydea, Plantago webbii, Senecio palmensis, Juniperus cedrus, Polycarpaea tenuis, and Echium sp.
Biodiversity Features
All the Canary Islands are like small isolated continents. They are unique for their high level of endemic taxa. Not only species, but even many genera are exclusive to this ecoregion. Every family of plants found in the Canary Islands has endemic representatives, often including endemic genera. Endemism levels are especially high in invertebrates, vascular plants and vertebrates (100% of native terrestrial reptiles). Over a quarter of the 1992 vascular plants found on the Canary Islands are endemic to these islands.
Endemicity in non-migratory vertebrates is 17.2%, or 21 out of 122 species. Among arthropod invertebrates, 44.4% of the 6378 species are endemic. For non-arthropod invertebrates, endemism is 28.8% out of 774 species. The figures for terrestrial endemic vertebrates only include those animals restricted to this ecoregion but there are other species and subspecies with small distributions, endemic to all of the Canaries, or shared exclusively with other Macronesian Archipelagos.
Atlantic Islands Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus maderensis, VU) and Canary Big-eared bat (Plecotus teneriffae, VU) are considered near-endemic to this ecoregion (but endemic to the Archipelago). Four birds are endemic to the ecoregion, Bolle's pigeon (Columba bollii), Laurel pigeon (Columba junoniae, VU), Canary Islands finch (Fringilla teydea), and Canary Islands kinglet (Regulus teneriffae). Berthelot's pipit (Anthus berthelotii), plain swift (Apus unicolor), and common canary (Serinus canaria) are near-endemic to the Canary Islands Dry Woodlands and Forests. The Canary Island oystercatcher (Haematopus meadewaldoi) was formerly present but is now considered extinct.
Bird subspecies restricted to the Canary Islands include a subspecies of kestrel (Falco tinnunculus teneriffae), a grey wagtail (Motacilla cinerea canariensis), a long-eared owl (Asio otus canariensis), three subspecies of chaffinches (Fringilla coelebs tintillon, F.c. ombriosa, F.c. palmae), a Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus canariensis) and two subspecies of great spotted woodpeckers (Dendrocopos major canariensis, D. m. thanneri).
Vertebrates, especially reptiles, went through an evolutionary radiation as species adapted to the varied island habitats. As a result, each island has its own species or subspecies of lizard, skink or gecko; there are even island endemic representatives of these three families. In the recent past (decades in some cases) the Canaries were inhabited by giant lizards (near 150 centimeters [cm] long), now extinct. Smaller relatives of these extinct reptiles are still living in cliffs and crevices of islands like El Hierro, La Gomera, Tenerife and probably La Palma. On Gran Canaria, larger than average lizards can also be seen all around the island. A similar process of radiation has occurred in many birds, such as the blue tit Parus caeruleus (Paridae) that has evolved into three different subspecies: P. c. teneriffae in Gran Canaria, Tenerife and La Gomera, P.c. ombriosus in El Hierro and P.c. palmensis in La Palma. Island specific endemicity is even more spectacular in invertebrates, such as beetles and butterflies. The Geometridae family (Lepidoptera) contains approximately 50 percent endemicity. Other groups like Orthoptera and Diptera species are almost 45 percent and 40 percent endemic respectively.
Because of the short distance to the African mainland, the Canary Islands are visited every year by many migratory bird species that fly south in autumn in search of warmer places and go back to Europe in the spring. Others, mainly marine birds, use the archipelago as a nesting point only in the breeding season and after that return to the sea. This is the case with species of shearwater, such as Puffinus puffinus (Procellariidae), which nest in gullies of laurisilva.
Apart from terrestrial species, there are important populations of cetaceans living year-round in Canarian seas. Loggerhead (Caretta caretta) (EN), green (Chelonia mydas) (EN) and leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) (CR) turtles are common, and Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempi) (CR), olive ridley (L. olivacea) (EN) and hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) (CR) are also sighted occasionally.
Current Status
Although the Canary Islands base their economy on tourism and local crops, there are still some small areas that contain intact habitats, and consequently they display more or less complete biotas. These habitats are located in difficult-to-reach places like cliffs, steep mountains or rocky isles that tourists rarely frequent. Most of those places are included within protected areas. A complex net of natural protected areas has been developed throughout the islands. Through the UNESCO program MaB (Man and Biosphere) three reserves have been declared in the Canaries: Los Tiles (in La Palma), Lanzarote and El Hierro (both complete islands). La Gomera, La Palma and El Hierro are the islands with best-conserved habitats and biotas, probably due to smaller size and lower deforestation. Some reduced natural areas could also be found in Tenerife and fewer in Gran Canaria.
Although partially or severely affected by human activities, some of these protected areas are especially important because of the habitat found here. These include the 'Frontera' Rural Park, 'Roques de Salmor' Integral Natural Reserve and 'Tibataje' Special Nature Reserve in El Hierro; 'La Caldera de Taburiente' National Park and 'El Pinar de Garafía' Integral Natural Reserve in La Palma; 'Garajonay' National Park and 'Valle Gran Rey' Rural Park in La Gomera; 'Teide' National Park, 'Anaga' Rural Park, 'Teno' Rural Park, Corona 'Forestal' Natural Park and 'Las Palomas' Natural Reserve in Tenerife; and Doramas' Rural Park, 'Los Tilos de Moya' Special Natural Reserve and 'El Brezal' Special Natural Reserve in Gran Canaria.
The Canarian government together with European Community authorities have made a significant effort to preserve and protect the natural habitats and biota in the archipelago. Canary Islands Conservation Projects have been financed by the European Community (LIFE Funds). Accomplishments thus far include recovery plans and the reintroduction of the giant lizard of El Hierro (Gallotia simonyi machadoi); the conservation of Chiroptera and invertebrates in volcanic cavities; the conservation of five priority species of the Canarian sub-humid montane layer (monteverde); and the conservation of endemic birds, such as the Gran Canaria blue chaffinch (Fringilla teydea polatzeki), dark and white tailed laurel pigeons (Columba bolli, C. junoniae), and others. A number of marine projects have been conducted including measures for the recovery of the monk seal (Monachus monachus) in the Atlantic and support projects for the conservation of the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) and the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus).
Types and Severity of Threats
A variety of factors can be identified as threatening problems for Canarian biota and habitats, causing habitat loss and directly or indirectly menacing local species. First, tourist resorts and illegal building destroys habitats. In the last several years the tourist boom has increased. Many local and foreign enterprises have overdeveloped different areas of the islands, causing enormous habitat destruction. The illegal construction of houses inside protected areas is also a large threat. Fires are another significant threat. Accidentally and intentionally set for livestock grazing, crop planting, timber and real estate speculation, fires have substantially reduced forests in the last decades. Pollution and uncontrolled dump sites are further concerns, despite some success by local authorities in regulating them.
The illegal capture and hunting of wild taxa are other threats to some species such as endemic laurel pigeons hunted for sport. Other bird species, such as canaries, goldfinches and warblers, among others, are trapped for the pet trade. Finally, one of the most dangerous factors is the introduction of alien species, which threaten local taxa with foreign diseases, hybridization risks, competition and predatory effects. The most significant introduced predators are feral cats and rats. Recent exotic pet fever has led to many established aliens like Psittacula krameri and Myiopsitta monachus. Even snakes, caiman turtles, red swamp crayfish and green iguanas have been found in the wild recently, some of them with breeding populations.
Justification of Ecoregion Delineation
The Canary Islands are a volcanic archipelago rising up to 3,700 meters (m). The higher elevation islands in the Canary Islands archipelago form their own ecoregion because the moist climate here permits the development of distinctive vegetation types (including Macronesian laurel forests) containing many endemic species. The islands in this ecoregion are La Palma, El Hierro, Gomera, Tenerife, and Gran Canaria. The lower and drier Canary Islands of Fuerteventura and Lanzarote do not contain any wetter forest habitats and are placed within the mainland Acacia-Argania woodland ecoregion.
Additional information on this ecoregion
- For a terser summary of this entry, see the WWF WildWorld profile of this ecoregion.
Further Reading
- Bacallado, J.J., M. Báez, A. Brito, T. Cruz, F. Domínguez, E. Moreno, and J.M. Pérez. 1984. Fauna (marina y terrestre) del Archipiélago Canario. Ed. EDIRCA S.L.
- Biodiversidad. 2001. European Union LIFE project.
- Bramwell, D. and Z. Bramwell. 1983. Flores silvestres de las Islas Canarias. 2nd Edition. Ed. Rueda.
- García, R., G. Ortega, and J.M. Pérez. 1992. Insectos de Canarias. Ed. Cabildo Insular de Gran Canaria. ISBN: 848103004X
- Gobierno de Canarias. 1995. Legislación Canaria del Suelo y el Medio Ambiente. Ed. Gobierno de Canarias. Consejería de Política Territorial.
- González, M.N., J.D. Rodrigo, and C. Suárez. 1986. Flora y Vegetación del Archipiélago Canario. Ed. EDIRCA S.L.
- Helbig, A.J., J. Martens, I. Seibold, F. Henning, B. Schottler and M. Wink. 1996. Phylogeny and species limits in the Palearctic Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita) complex: mitochondrial genetic variation and bioacoustic evidence. Ibis 138(4).
- Heinzel, H., R. Fitter, and J. Parslow. 1992. Manual de las aves de España y de Europa, Norte de Africa y Próximo oriente. Ed. Omega.
- Hilton-Taylor, C. The 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN: 2831705657
- Machado, A. 1998. Biodiversidad. Un paseo por el concepto y las Islas Canarias. Ed. Cabildo Insular de Tenerife.
- Martín, A. 1987. Atlas de las aves nidificantes en la isla de Tenerife. Instituto de Estudios Canarios. Monografía XXXII.
- Marzol, M.V. 1998. El Clima. Geografía de Canarias. 2nd Edition. Ed. Interinsular Canaria.
- Moreno, J.M. 1988. Guía de las aves de las Islas Canarias. Ed. Interinsular Canaria, S.A. ISBN: 8486733057
- Strasburger, E., F. Noll, H. Schenck, and A.F.W. Schimper. 1986. Tratado de Botánica. 7th Edition. Ed.Marin S.A. ISBN: 8428209790
- Trujillo, D. 1991. Murciélagos de las Islas Canarias. Colección Técnica. Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación. Ed. ICONA.
- Urioste, J. 1999. CD-ROM Base de datos de especies introducidas en Canarias. Viceconsejería de Medio Ambiente del Gobierno de Canarias. Sección de Flora y Fauna/GESPLAN S.A.
- Rodríguez L., J.L and J. Urioste. 2000. Fauna exótica en Canarias. Makaronesia nº2.
Disclaimer: This article contains information that was originally published by the World Wildlife Fund. Topic editors and authors for the Encyclopedia of Earth have edited its content and added new information. The use of information from the World Wildlife Fund should not be construed as support for or endorsement by that organization for any new information added by EoE personnel, or for any editing of the original content.

subset: commoncrawl


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Columbus, OH (Sports Network) - The United States piled more misery on Mexico on Tuesday with a 2-0 triumph over El Tri at Crew Stadium in CONCACAF World Cup qualifying.
Eddie Johnson broke a scoreless deadlock in the 49th minute with a header before Landon Donovan doubled the advantage in the 78th from close range to put the Americans on the verge of clinching a place in the World Cup next summer.
Tim Howard made a pair of key saves in the first half to keep the match scoreless before Johnson headed home a Donovan corner early in the second half.
Mix Diskerud came off the bench to set up Donovan's goal 12 minutes from time to seal the win, while Clint Dempsey missed a penalty kick in the dying seconds which could have stretched the lead even further.
The result extends the Americans' unbeaten streak at home in World Cup qualifiers to 26 games, while Mexico has lost two straight in qualification and sits in fourth place.


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Difference between revisions of "225 Best Practices for Stability"
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=== Examples ===
=== Examples ===
These are to generate discussion and comment. suggestions . These examples were discussed on the [http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-gld-wg/ public-gld email listserv]
Revision as of 23:44, 24 January 2012
Best Practices: Stability
Back to Best Practices Wiki page
- Dec 2011 - Initial revisions by Ron, AnneW
- Anne Washington 16:47, 13 January 2012 (UTC), revisions
- Ronald Reck 16:47, 13 January 2012 (UTC), revisions
The group will specify how to publish data so that others can rely on it being available in perpetuity, persistently archived if necessary.
This definition describes stability of LOD:
- Stability - noun
- Stable LOD is persistent, predictable and machine accessible from externally visible locations.
- Persistent = Information is machine accessible for long periods of time.
- Predictable = Names and information follow a logical format.
- Stable location = Externally visible locations are consistent.
- Other things that impact stability
- legacy = earlier naming schemes, formats, data storage devices
- steward = people who are committed to consistently maintain specific datasets, either individuals or roles in organizations
- provenance = the sources that establish a context for the production and/or use of an artifact. see W3C Provenance working group
The goals influence the value of the data.
We believe that preservation of content is the main goal for stability, however there are others
The length of time information is available is inherently connected to the value placed upon it. Value is determined based on a cost-benefit relationship; The benefit derived from information is reduced by the cost(s) associated with using it.
Increasing stability requires adopting a strategy to allocate limited resources for achieving a goal. Adhere to a selection criteria of what best to be preserved. There are three possible goals;
- 1. Preservation of content - It might be important to have raw data available for analysis ad infinitum. This means the overall objective is to preserve only the scientific content.
- 2. Preservation of access - It might be important to have information available immediately at all times.
- 3. Conservation - From a historical perspective one could seek to preserve all information in the format and modality in which it was originally conveyed. The most demanding is conservation of the full look and feel of the publication.
ORGANIZATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS Without internal stability from the data stewards, external technology stability is a challenge. These are some organization characteristics for stable data.
- Consistent human skills
- Consistent infrastructure
- data related to organizational values or business needs
- internal champion or consistent business process
- internal politics on variation names do not impact external locations
Mark metadata based on its intended audience
- Internal-audience : management of the process
- External-audience : final state, or no-update needed.
These are a few representative samples to generate discussion and comment. Additional suggestions are encouraged. These examples were discussed on the public-gld email listserv
Technical examples What existing examples can we point to? (Need international ones...)
- Internet Archive (http:www.archive.org)
Institutional examples Who has the incentive to provide stable persistent data? Some real possibilities and some metaphors for discussion.
- Archives
- Third party entities that document provenance and provide access
- Estate Lawyer
- Someone responsible for tracking down heirs for an inheritance
- Private Foundation
- A philanthropic entity who is interested in the value proposition of stability and acts as archive
- Government
- A government organization which has the funds to steward others' data
- Internet organization
- A global open organization like W3C or IKAN
These are characteristics of stability. These properties will influence data cost and therefore data value.
- Integrity - Provide checksums of downloads so that consumers can be assured that they have received the entire dataset. Data that is unreliable should not used for critical decisions and is therefore of less value than data that is deemed correct.
Consistency Design of data format should recognize that change is necessary and will happen.
- Data Consistency - As new data is produced, old data becomes legacy. Consumers of data will write programs to automate processing of legacy data and the number of changes in format directly effects the cost incurred by processors. Carefully consider whether making changes are worth the incurred cost of modifying ingestion. Changing formats between different serializations has a cost to consumers because they need to anticipate and provide for the change. When possible publishers should modify all legacy data themselves so that the data they provide is entirely consistent and each consumer does not need to perform exactly the same task.
- Contact Consistency - Any support contact information should be published using a data steward so that the transition of responsibility does not introduce inconsistency to consumers.
Manageability -
- Discrete - It is best to have a greater number of small files rather than fewer larger files. Files should be comprised of meaningful discrete units such as a time period or locality.
- File names - Files should be meaningfully named without using non-printable or diacritic characters
- Archive structure - Data archives should be nested in least a single directory. The directory name should be unique to accommodate multiple archives to be uncompressed without having to rename the directory.
Organization - The minimum metadata for each data offering should include:
- Serialization type/format
- Date of Publication
- Version
- Steward contact email
- Complexity - All serializations are equal to a back-end system, therefore providers should serialize RDF in either turtle (to minimize disk expenditure) or NTriples (to increase integrity and manageability).
- Diskspace Resource - Different serializations represent the same semantics but require varying amounts of characters (diskspace). While Turtle provides the most concise serialization and is arguably the easiest for humans to read, it does not provide the integrity that NTriples does. NTriples allows datasets to be split up based on size or line count without effecting the integrity of the dataset. In general NTriples will provide the greatest overall stability for LOD. Compression of data should be done using either GZIP or ZIP, do not choose to adopt other compression approaches just because they are "free". The maximum data compression should be chosen.
Ways that this best practice is connected to others.
STABIILTY and URL
- PURLs (Persistent Uniform Resource Locators) purl.oclc.org
- Handle System http://www.handle.net/ and its commercial cousin Digital Object Identifier [1]
For further reading.
- Aging content on the web: Issues, Implications, and Potential Research Opportunities. (2009) Brent Furneaux, Timothy R. Hill, Wayne Smith, Shailaja Venkatsubramanyan, Jingguo Wang, Anne Washington, and Paul Witman. Communications of the Association for Information Systems. ISSN: 1529-3181. Volume 24, Number 1. http://aisel.aisnet.org/cais/vol24/iss1/8 available for download as a PDF
- Rothenberg, Jeff. (1995). Ensuring the longevity of digital documents. Scientific American, 272 (1), 42-47. http://www.clir.org/pubs/archives/ensuring.pdf
- Taking a byte out of history: the archival preservation of federal computer records, Report of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Government Operations, Nov. 6. 1990 (House Report 101-978). http://books.google.com/books/about/Taking_a_byte_out_of_history.html?id=2q1ek_kLVmMC
- Smith, Abby. 1998. "Preservation in the Future Tense." CLIR Issues 3 (May/June). Washington, D.C.: Council on Library & Information Resources. http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub126/contents.html
Joint page Best_Practices_Discussion_Stability currently holds an example template for a best practices section.


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The Power of Independent Thinking
Understanding Today's Economy: A Summer-Seminar Preview for Teens and Their Parents
Recorded: Thursday, May 20, 2010
– Monday, January 1, 1900
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Part 6
Part 1: Introductory Remarks by David Theroux
Part 2: Why Economics Matters more than Ever with Gregory Rehmke
Part 3: Healthcare Reform: a Principled Critique by Michael Winther
Experts: Anthony Gregory, Gregory Rehmke, Emily C. Skarbek, David J. Theroux, Michael Winther, José Maria J. YuloType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Free Market Economics, Political Ideology and Philosophy
Jeffrey A. Miron on Legalizing Drugs
Recorded: Friday, November 20, 2009
Originally aired on 11/20/09 on FoxBusiness.com Live. Jeffrey A. Miron, Research Fellow at the Independent Institute and author of Drug War Crimes, argues in favor of legalizing marijuana and other drugs in the U.S.
Experts: Jeffrey A. MironType: TelevisionIssues: Crime, Criminal Justice/ Prisons, Drugs (Illicit)
Drug War Crimes
Recorded: Thursday, May 6, 2004
Each year, the U.S. government spends over $30 billion on the drug war and arrests more than 1.5 million people on drug-related charges. Currently more than 318,000 people are behind bars in the U.S. for drug violationsmore than the number of people incarcer-ated for all crimes in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain combined. Have current drug laws deterred drug abuse and reduced crime? What are the real costs of this countrys war on drugs? Is there a link between the homicide rate and the amount of resources given to drug prohibition? Please join us as Boston University economist Jeffrey Miron (author of the major new book, Drug War Crimes) and former San Jose police chief, Joseph McNamara, examine these questions and explore real alternatives to Americas War on Drugs.
Jeffrey A. Miron
Boston University Professor of Economics and author of the new book, Drug War Crimes: The Consequences of Prohibition. His articles on Drug Policy have appeared in Social Research, Boston Globe and the London Observer. He received his Ph. D. in economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Joseph D. McNamara
Research Fellow, Hoover Institution. Former Chief of Police, San Jose, CA and Kansas City, MO. He has published articles in the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, and other publications. He has been a commentator for NPR and has appeared on Meet the Press, Good Morning America, Sixty Minutes, and other programs.
Ethan A. Nadelmann
Founder and Executive Director of the Drug Policy Alliance, the leading organization in the United States promoting alternatives to the War on Drugs. Dr. Nadelmann received his Ph.D. and J.D. from Harvard University and a Masters degree in International Relations from the London School of Economics. His speaking and writings on drug policy have attracted international attention and appeared in Science, American Heritage, National Review, and others.
Experts: Joseph D. McNamara, Jeffrey A. Miron, Ethan A. NadelmannType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Crime, Criminal Justice/ Prisons, Drugs (Illicit), Government Waste/Pork, Law Enforcement


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4 Tips to Beat the Back-to-School Shopping Blues
Ready or not, it's time for back-to-school season. Like the Christmas shopping season, it seems to begin earlier every year, and you have to play the game if you want to catch the sales. Or do you? Personal finance guru Jean Chatzky has some surprising advice for parents.


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List your business for free and get exposure for your business with a free account!Publish Heritage »
Participate in our program "make money writing". It's easy and funny and very fashionable! ;)Publish Post »
23 May, 2011 at 1:50 pm | Write by PietroMalaguti on Cultural Associations | 981 views
31 May, 2013 at 7:41 pm | on Museums
31 May, 2013 at 6:57 pm | on Museums
1 January, 2013 at 8:22 pm | on Museums
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3 April, 2012 at 1:35 pm | on Restoration Companies
CULTURAL-HUB.com is an international portal of culture in the world. In this portal you can share opinions, news, travel stories and know World cultural events, that are narrated by Freelance Writers and Authors. CULTURAL-HUB.com is also the only portal of its kind where companies can publicize their activities related to culture. All to merge into a collaborative portal opened to the world of culture: Cultural-HUB.com, the concentration of world culture!
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quote:Bats are for wusses.
quote:What's the reasoning behind being a Lamar fan?
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Emmet Otter's Jug-Band Christmas
this wiki
Emmet Otter's Jug-Band Christmas is a one-hour Christmas special which first aired on HBO in 1977; and later broadcast on ABC on December 15, 1980. Jerry Juhl wrote the script for the special, adapting the story from a book by Russell Hoban; original songs for the special were written by Paul Williams; Jim Henson directed. The Henson special was adapted into a live musical stage show by the Jim Henson Company, premiering at the Goodspeed Opera House in December 2008.
In this one-hour musical Christmas special, Kermit the Frog narrates the story of Alice Otter and her son, Emmet, who live along the river in the village of Frogtown Hollow. Ma and Emmet struggle to make ends meet through odd jobs and projects for neighbors and villagers, but this Christmas they dream of having enough money to buy each other a special gift. Known for their musical abilities, the Otters are encouraged by their friends to enter a local talent contest. The mother and son reminisce about Pa Otter, who serves as the inspiration for them to enter the show.
Without each other's knowledge, Ma and Emmet prepare for the contest in the hope of winning the fifty-dollar prize to buy Christmas gifts for each other. Emmet performs as a member of the Frogtown Jubilee Jug Band and Ma Otter sings a solo number, but both face tough competition from a hard rock group formed by a gang of woodland creatures who call themselves the Riverbottom Nightmare Band.
The special utilizes a number of different puppetry methods. The main puppets used are the usual Muppet hand puppets, but the characters are frequently represented by marionettes as well. It also utilizes the Bunraku and Black Theater techniques. This is also one of the first Muppet productions to use radio control puppet effects, designed by Faz Fazakas.
Emmet Otter's Jug-Band Christmas also featured extensively platformed-up sets, all created with great attention to detail. Jim Henson explained:
|Emmet Otter was the first time we had gotten into those kind of elaborate sets where we had floors in the interiors and we would take a wide-angle shot with characters coming up through holes in the floor. Or we'd cut into the set and remove the floor and have the characters moving through space in waist shots. That was the most elaborate production we had gotten into at that point. Frog Prince had been platformed-up and The Muppet Show was always platformed-up, but in Emmet Otter... we'd go right into a scene. We'd have the whole set in three dimensions... rigged so we could pop parts and come out through the openings, which is really time consuming... [1]
In 2011, Dave Goelz reflected on the special;
|Emmet Otter's Jug-Band Christmas remains one of my top three projects of all time. I love the feeling of that Emmet Otter world. We built a 55-foot-long river that was about 10 feet wide and went all the way across the stage, and they built a radio-control rowboat for Emmet. It was so lovely and lyrical to see Emmet rowing his mom down the river. The idea that there was life along the river and that it was all interconnected was a great metaphor for people.[2]
The songs were written by Paul Williams, beginning a long series of Muppet collaborations that also included The Muppet Movie, The Muppet Christmas Carol, and Letters to Santa.
John J. O'Connor gave the special a very positive review in The New York Times on December 15, 1980 for its ABC airing: "Jim Henson and the Muppets are on a dazzling winning streak these days... Mr. Henson has produced and directed one of the most charming Christmas specials of the last several years... Once again, Mr. Henson's creations verge on the marvelous, perfectly capturing the Wind in the Willows aspects of Emmet Otter's story... These really are the nicest folk on the river -- and on prime-time television."
Through the years, as the special moved from network to network, changes were made to Emmet Otter's Jug-Band Christmas in order to accommodate various time constraints. Cuts were made, but in some cases, previously deleted material was added. These alternate edits were used for various television airings and subsequent home video releases. Additionally, after the sale of the Muppets to the Walt Disney Company in 2004, all releases by the Henson Company excluded the scenes with Kermit the Frog.
Original Edit
The original 1977 edit of the special created for airing on HBO; this is considered the "definitive" version that all subsequent alterations are being tracked against. It is available for viewing at the Paley Center. (Run time: 54 minutes)
1980 Edit
Slightly altered version first created for airing on ABC and commercial television; this edit was used for the 1983 VHS release (complete with fadeouts to commercial breaks). It is also available for viewing at the Paley Center.
Alterations include:
- Fadeout after the opening titles
- A couple lines of dialogue before Emmet sees the guitar in the shop window
- Extra verses added to "There Ain't No Hole in the Washtub"
- A few lines of dialogue from the scene where Emmet and Ma wonder what to give each other for Christmas
- Fadeout before the talent show
- A short talent show scene after Yancy Woodchuck sings "Barbecue"
- The Mayor introduces George and Melissa Rabbit. Will Possum responds to the act saying "Well, It's gonna be a long night."
- "When the River Meets the Sea" is shortened.
1996 Edit
Another alteration used for the 1996 and 1998 VHS releases, 1999 airings on Odyssey Network, and the 2001 DVD release from Columbia Tri-Star. (Run time: 49 minutes)
Alterations include:
- Kermit's narration throughout the special is removed
- Several lines of dialogue between Emmet and Ma after singing "The Bathing Suit That Grandma Otter Wore"
- A couple lines of dialogue cut after Ma hands Gretchen Fox her laundry
- A few lines cut before Emmet and Ma sing "Ain't No Hole in the Washtub"
- Kermit's scene in the restaurant at the end of the special is removed
2005 Edit
This edit first appeared on the 2005 "Collector's Edition" DVD released by HIT Entertainment. This version restores the original 1977 edit of the special, only all scenes/narration with Kermit the Frog have been removed (as the Henson Company sold the rights to Kermit and the Muppets to the Walt Disney Company in 2004). The alternate and extra scenes from the previous variations were included in the disc's "Deleted/Altered Scenes" bonus feature. This has been the version used for all subsequent Henson Company releases, both DVD and digital. (Run time: 49 minutes)
Alterations include:
- Kermit's introduction and opening bicycle scene are removed
- Kermit's narration throughout the special is removed
- Kermit's scene in the restuarant at the end of the special is removed
Releases and airings
- See main article: Emmet Otter's Jug-Band Christmas (video)
Emmet Otter's Jug-Band Christmas first aired on HBO in 1977. It was later broadcasted on ABC in 1980.
In 1983, four Muppet Home Video titles were released under the heading "Tales from Muppetland". They were Hey Cinderella!, The Frog Prince, The Muppet Musicians of Bremen and Emmet Otter's Jug-Band Christmas. In addition to VHS, these titles were released on Beta, Laserdisc, and CED. 1983 also saw the release of the 4 programs in the UK by RCA/Columbia Pictures Video (forerunner to Columbia Tristar Home Video) again under the Muppet Home Video banner. There were 2 volumes each containing 2 programs. Volume 1 contained Hey Cinderella and Emmet Otter's Jug-Band Christmas; Volume 2 contained The Frog Prince and The Muppet Musicians of Bremen. These programs are the same versions as released in the US.
Disney's Buena Vista Home Video released Emmet Otter's Jug-Band Christmas on VHS in 1996.
The special aired on Nickelodeon in the 1990s.
In 1998, Columbia Tri-Star Home Video released Emmet Otter's Jug-Band Christmas under its new "Jim Henson Home Entertainment" line, and in 2001 released the same version on DVD.
The special aired on Odyssey Network in 1999.
In 2005, HIT Entertainment released the Emmet Otter's Jug-Band Christmas: Collector's Edition DVD featuring "Never-Before-Seen Footage", an in-depth documentary and other newly created bonus features. The DVD was re-issued in 2008 by Lionsgate under the "Jim Henson's Christmas Classic" banner.
In 2008, the special was released on iTunes as a digital download; and in 2011, the special became available via Netflix's "watch instantly" streaming service.
- Executive Producer: David Lazer
- Producer/Director: Jim Henson
- Based on the Book by: Russell and Lillian Hoban
- Writer: Jerry Juhl
- Music and Lyrics by: Paul Williams
- Muppet Creative Consultants: Michael K. Frith and Frank Oz
- Muppet Performers: Jim Henson, Frank Oz, Jerry Nelson, Richard Hunt, Dave Goelz, Marilyn Sokol, Eren Ozker
See also
- ↑ Jim Henson: The Works, p. 199, 202
- ↑ Disney twenty-three, Winter 2011 issue, page 52


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Player Development
|Uniforms/Spirit Wear
|Special Events
Tennessee Soccer Club 2016 Girls
From TopDrawerSoccer
Jessica Harvey, Goalkeeper, Tennessee SC
Class: 2016
Commitment: Georgia
Like so many other recruits, Jessica Harvey had a small list of important criteria that she was looking to fill during her college search.
She found exactly what she was looking for, committing to be a Bulldog in 2016.
"I committed to Georgia because when I visited for the first time, I had a feeling in my gut that this was the school for me," Harvey told TopDrawerSoccer.com. "During my recruiting process, a few of my top priorities were to be in the SEC, and to be in close vicinity to home. With Georgia being in the SEC and only about a five-hour drive from home, it was almost too good to be true."
Harvey came away extremely impressed by the soccer team, both on the field and in the locker room, helping to seal the deal.
"I really loved the family atmosphere that the team and the coaching staff portrayed," she said. "Coach Steve Holeman and his staff were so welcoming and made me feel like I was already part of the family. The Georgia soccer stadium and facilities were too amazing to pass up. The local support is incredible. I look forward to playing in front of the home crowds, which is one of the largest crowds in the SEC."


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Many states have taken steps to implement shared decision making (SDM) through a variety of policy strategies, such as legislation and incorporation into state standards and expectations (e.g. medical home or Accountable Care Organizations). Although many of these states are in early stages of implementation, important lessons are already evident from their experiences. A recent National Academy of State Health Policy report provides a comprehensive review of the current SDM policy activity among five key states, as well as implementation challenges, strategies and lessons learned. The companion piece to this report examines state legislative and regulatory approaches to SDM.
See a map of the SDM state policy activity
California Health Policy Strategy
- Legislation containing shared decision making was proposed.
Connecticut Health Policy Strategy
- Legislation containing shared decision making was proposed.
Maine Health Policy Strategy
View Maine State's informed consent legislation. (PDF 270 kb)
- 2009 legislation required formation of stakeholder group to determine implementation plan.
- 2009 legislation required final report to legislature on findings and recommendations.
Incorporation into State Standards and Expectations
- Planning to integrate shared decision making into Accountable Care Organization (ACO) models that will provide care through the state employee health plan.
- Incorporated into guidelines on informed consent from Maine Board of Licensure in Medicine.
Massachusetts Health Policy Strategy
- Legislation outlined standards of certification for patient-centered medical homes (PCMHs), including SDM for preference-sensitive care.
- Legislation established ACOs as a way to reduce costs, improve the quality of care and promote patient-centered care; SDM included in criteria for ACOs.
Minnesota Health Policy Strategy
View Minnesota's 2012 pending legislation.
- Legislation considered that would have mandated that providers engage in SDM for a list of preference-sensitive conditions performed in non-emergency situations, and certify the patient participated in SDM prior to receiving authorization or reimbursement.
Incorporation into State Standards and Expectations
- Incorporated SDM into health care home certification standards in 2010.
- Required plans to ensure patients have an opportunity to engage in SDM in order to be re-certified as a health care home at the end of their first year.
Oregon Health Policy Strategy
- May be incorporated into legislation in 2012.
Incorporation into State Standards and Expectations
- Oregon Public Employees' Benefit Board and Oregon Public Educators Board included SDM as patient education following a shift to value-based insurance design in 2010.
- Considering how to incorporate SDM into medical home standards.
- Considering how to implement SDM in conjunction with its recent health reform efforts to create Coordinated Care Organizations.
Vermont Health Policy Strategy
View Vermont's legislation (PDF 143 kb).
- 2009 legislation required a plan for a SDM demonstration project to be integrated with the state's broader health reform strategy (the Vermont Blueprint for Health (PDF 3.3 mb).
Washington Health Policy Strategy
View Washington State's legislation.
- 2007 legislation mandated a SDM demonstration project at one or more multi-specialty practice sites.
- 2007 legislation recognized SDM in the state's law on informed consent by establishing SDM and use of certified patient decision aids as prima facie evidence of patients' informed consent.
- 2011 legislation designated SDM as one strategy to be used by a governor-appointed collaborative to improve health care quality, cost-effectiveness and outcomes.


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A modern classic from a young master
Former messenger and wrench Chris Bishop studied frame building with Steve Garn of Brew Bikes and Koichi Yamaguchi, the legendary builder of 3Rensho, and is a scholar of the craft. Although in business for only four years, he won the Best Steel Frame award at this year's North American Handmade Bicycle Show, and in conversation casually references the maestros: "This bi-laminate head tube is something Alex Singer did in the '40s and '50s... I like super, superthin lug filing like Einsentraut did in the '70s... You can see some Baylis in my fastback seat cluster..." But Bishop is not a precious artist. He can build a bike that matches what the customer wants. On the stiff side, better under rear-biased pedaling and cornering, and jumpy out of the saddle, this steel frame, made with Columbus, True Temper OX Platinum, and KVA MS2, performed just as I'd asked. I requested the steel fork instead of carbon, because I knew Bishop began his welding career as a fork builder, and I wanted the rare chance to ride a steel fork built by a master.—Bill Strickland


text:
Using Schools to Stop School Bullying
Published in Curriculum
By Patricia Lamiell
Kirk Smalley, a Perkins, Oklahoma construction worker, was on the job on May 13, 2010 when his phone rang at 2:39 p.m. It was his wife, Laura, screaming uncontrollably. Their son Ty had been sent home from middle school for fighting with a chronic bully who had picked on him before. But instead of doing his household chores and homework, as his mother had told him to do, Ty, 11, had gone into the couple's bedroom, shot himself and died. In response to Ty's death, 68 high school students in Oklahoma City, who didn't even know Ty, created Stand for the Silent (SFS), an international campaign to stop bullying. Smalley serves as a spokesman for the group. He has traveled to 605 schools and as far as Australia to hear about children who committed suicide as a result of being bullied online or in school.
Smalley told his powerful story on January 14 to a rapt audience of about 275 educators in TC's Cowin Conference Center for "Beyond Bullying: Safe Schools, Successful Students." The full-day event, co-sponsored by the academic publishing firm Zaner-Bloser, and TC's Institute for Urban and Minority Education (IUME), sought to equip educators with effective strategies, for use in their daily instruction, for teaching children to respect themselves and one another, to reach out to intervene when they see bullying, and to stop in-school and online bullying before it happens.
"Nowadays," Smalley told the audience, "more than reading and writing and arithmetic, I think it's time we all learned respect for others, tolerance of our differences. You guys out in the trenches, you've got to be the ones to go up to that kid and offer a hand of friendship. You can be someone's hero. You can literally save someone's life."
Schoolhouse bullying – ranging from verbal taunting to physical assault – has been a problem since schools were invented, but the advent of cell phones, texting and the Internet have made it more common. In a poll conducted by Saperstein Associates, bullying was cited as a top-five concern by 46 percent of middle-school principals 29 percent of elementary principals and 35 percent of high school principals.
While bullying doesn't always lead to suicide, it often manifests in higher absentee rates and lower grades and test scores. Victims may suffer from lowered self-esteem well into adulthood.
Teachers are well aware of the problem, but many say that with the workload already on their plates, they cannot assume responsibility for teaching basic social skills and civility. Yet conference speakers repeatedly argued that a programmatic approach called "Social-Emotional-Learning," or SEL, can and must be embedded in daily instruction and become central to a school culture in which bullying is unacceptable.
"This is not adding to the plate, this is the plate," Ed Dunkelblau, a TC graduate and Director of the Institute for Emotionally Intelligent Learning. Dunkelblau was one of a half-dozen conference speakers that morning who said good SEL programs also provide structure and a process through which students can work out conflicts and misunderstandings.
"Our job is not only to understand bullying and to stop it, but to reach out to everyone in the school, adult and child alike, and help build the skills that allow them to create a culture and a climate where everyone is safe, everyone will learn," Dunkelblau said.
Buy-in from the entire school community is critical, said Marc Brackett, Deputy Director of the Health, Emotion, and Behavior Laboratory at Yale – which means that Social-Emotional Learning should be taught to everyone, including parents for use at home.
Sonya Whitaker, Superintendent of Fairmont School District 89 in Lockport, Illinois, agreed, saying schools in her district brought parents in and "taught them explicitly what they could do at home" to promote social intelligence. The effort resulted in a 47 percent reduction in disciplinary infractions.
The benefits of SEL are not just emotional. Dunkelblau and others pointed to research suggesting that thorough integration of SEL into a school's curriculum and culture can lower absentee rates, raise test scores and graduation rates, improve the social climate and "ultimately rebuild confidence in public education," said Sheldon Berman, Superintendent of Schools in Eugene, Oregon, adding that "the social-emotional curriculum is as important as the academic curriculum." Still to get those results, anti-bullying programs require policy support in the form of professional development for teachers, curriculum planning, teacher and student leadership development, administrative mandate and supports, school board support, and recognition of success.
Several school districts represented at the conference offered dramatic examples to support Berman's contention. Eric Gordon, Chief Executive of the Cleveland, Ohio Public School District, said that, using a research-based program, Cleveland has turned its in-school suspension rooms into planning centers to improve intervention and support. School leaders have instituted "Not On Our Watch" teams of faculty and students who call out bullying when they see it, and student support teams to intervene if necessary. Gordon said that, according to a recent study, the city has improved learning conditions. Social competence and attentiveness are improving, incident reports, including reports of violence, have decreased, and out-of-school suspensions have fallen as well, Gordon said.
Gale Reeves, Superintendent of New York City's Community School District 5, said in her district, much of the bullying in her district focuses on students' appearance. So P.S. 154 sought and received a grant to promote total wellness for students and teachers that is aimed at slowing obesity rates. Suspensions have declined there by more than 60 percent, Reeves said. Middle School 186 focuses on leadership development, relationship and communication skills, "so that students know to seek help not only from adults but from each other," Reeves said.
Other speakers focused on specific academic programs – all aligned with national core curriculum standards – that draw from and, in turn, support Social-Emotional Learning. In this regard, helping students develop their own voice is critical. Catherine Snow and Bob Selman, both professors of education at Harvard, described the "Readers Theatre" technique, in which students write and act out plays about socially challenging topics like bullying. The approach promotes civic engagement as well as literacy development, prompting students to flesh out their own thoughts on an issue, in part by seeing things from others' points of view.
IUME's Director, Ernest Morrell, amplified the idea that using literacy instruction can develop social-emotional skills in young students, particularly those in schools that serve largely minority populations who are often disinterested and feel disconnected from school. For children to be invested in school and in learning to read and write, they must value themselves and come to believe they have something valuable to say, that school is a safe place to say it, and that they have secure attachments to other people and some social awareness, Morrell said. Reading and writing can help reinforce those beliefs. "Helping kids understand and like themselves is a precursor to understanding others. We can do these things in the common core curriculum, in social studies, science and math class."
By subjecting SEL programs to the rigors of academic research, academics and teachers can discover what works and demystify the process of implementing it in their schools. They can begin to view bullying not as a sad fact of contemporary life, but as a social problem that can be addressed with education. "You're not born to hate," Smalley likes to tell audiences. "You have to be taught."
Link: An edited video of the conference.
previous page


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Juvenile common five-lined skinks have conspicuous bright blue tails which fade with age.
Related species for the Mallee worm-lizard (Aprasia aurita)
By Taxonomy
« Back to the Mallee worm-lizard (Aprasia aurita)
Flinders Ranges worm-lizard (Aprasia pseudopulchella)
Information on the Flinders Ranges worm-lizard is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly.…
More about the flinders ranges worm-lizard »
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Hermite Island worm-lizard (Aprasia rostrata)
Information on the Hermite Island worm-lizard is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly.…
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Originally discovered in the 1890s, the secretive bronzeback snake-lizard went unrecorded for over 80 years, until the finding of further…
Brigalow scaly-foot (Paradelma orientalis)
Although snake-like in appearance, the Brigalow scaly-foot is actually a legless lizard, with no external evidence of any forelimbs and…
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0 videos
Striped legless lizard (Delma impar)
Legless lizards, sometimes referred to as 'snake-lizards', closely resemble snakes but are distinguishable by the visible ear openings and…
Rusty-topped delma (Delma borea)
The rusty-topped delma (Delma borea) is an unusual lizard with a long, snake-like body that lacks obvious limbs. Although it has completely…
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0 videos
Excitable delma (Delma tincta)
The excitable delma (Delma tincta) belongs to an unusual family of lizards with long, snake-like bodies that lack obvious limbs. Although…
Collared delma (Delma torquata)
Information on the collared delma is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly.…
Sharp-snouted delma (Delma nasuta)
The sharp-snouted delma (Delma nasuta) is an unusual, snake-like lizard which is named for its particularly long, pointed snout. Like other…
Striped tailed delma (Delma labialis)
Although it is snake-like in appearance, with a long slender body and no eyelids, the striped tailed delma (Delma labialis) is actually a…
More about the striped tailed delma »
0 videos
Western hooded scaly-foot (Pygopus nigriceps)
The western hooded scaly-foot (Pygopus nigriceps) is an unusual snake-like lizard with an elongated body, no front limbs, and hind limbs…
Burton's legless lizard (Lialis burtonis)
One of Australia's most common species, Burton's legless lizard (Lialis burtoni) is a limbless, snake-like lizard, and is one of the largest…
More about the burton's legless lizard »
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Mount Cooper striped lerista (Lerista vittata)
Information on the Mount Cooper striped lerista is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly.…
Chinese crocodile lizard (Shinisaurus crocodilurus)
The Chinese crocodile lizard is so named for the appearance of its tail, which has an enlarged pair of scales running in two sharply…
Sand goanna (Varanus gouldii)
Information on the sand goanna is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly.…
Ocellated skink (Chalcides ocellatus)
Named for the numerous black and white eyespots, or 'ocelli', on its back, the ocellated skink (Chalcides ocellatus) is a typical skink in…
Lined day gecko (Phelsuma lineata)
The lined day gecko (Phelsuma lineata) has soft, green skin on its back and a distinct black band running down the side of its body…
Big-nosed chameleon (Calumma nasutum)
One of the smallest of the arboreal chameleons, the big-nosed chameleon is named for the large, paddle-like appendage which projects from…
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Information on the Saint Lucia tree lizard is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly.…
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Among the world's most accomplished burrowers are a genus of desert-dwelling skinks (Scincus sp.) commonly known as the sandfish. As the…
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The tiny Brygoo's chameleon (Brookesia brygooi) belongs to a group of chameleons endemic to Madagascar, the leaf chameleons, or Brookesia…
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Information on the Antigua ground lizard is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly.…
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The Baluch ground gecko (Bunopus tuberculatus) is a small, ground-dwelling gecko with rather short, straight toes, a long tail, and…
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Perinet chameleons are small and graceful reptiles, with smooth, vivid green skin, which can make them almost invisible in their lush, green…
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The incredible satanic leaf-tailed gecko is a master of disguise, with a body that superbly mimics a dead leaf. Its twisted body, veined…
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Panther chameleon (Furcifer pardalis)
Exhibiting some of the most spectacular colour variations of all chameleons, the large-bodied panther chameleon (Furcifer pardalis) is…
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This spiny, yet attractive lizard is a characteristic feature of many rocky outcrops in arid parts of South Africa. Heavily armoured, thick…
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The largest chameleon in the world, Parson's chameleon belongs to a unique family of lizards exhibiting some bizarre traits. With a large…
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The rhinoceros chameleon (Furcifer rhinoceratus) is aptly named for the prominent 'horn' which projects forwards from the top of the male's…
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Desert monitor (Varanus griseus)
The desert monitor is the most northerly distributed monitor species and one of the largest reptiles in its expansive range. The body is…


text:
11,127pages on
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this wiki
Steakhouse (also known as Venturas Steaks Steakhouse) is, as its name implies, a steakhouse that is located in the Redsands East district of Las Venturas, San Andreas. Steakhouse specializes in fried chicken, burgers, pizza, and steak. The restaurant is not accessible to the player, unless on a date with one of six possible girlfriends in the game. It also has a non-functional drive-thru.


text: As much as we like open wheel racing and modern car designs, there's something far more awesome about vintage racing cars. This is undoubtedly the opinion of one Jim Rogacki, an engineer from Buffalo, who, while digging around for vintage car parts, managed to run into an amateur Indianapolis 500 historian. After shooting the breeze for a while, Jim convinced the man to let him scan his fantastic collection of photos for all 33 cars in the 1952 starting grid. We swiped a couple, but go take a look at the very neat complete collection and the story behind it over at Jalopy Journal.


text:
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text:
JSP Comment Types with example
JSP Comment Types with example Hi,
Please explains me about the different types of comments in JSP and how use each of these comment types?
Commenting in JSP allows the programmer to embed the comment
In this section , we will learn how to implements comment & hidden comment in
Comment generates a comment that is sent to the client. The comment use in JSP is very similar
JSP Comment and HTML Comment
JSP Comment and HTML Comment Difference between JSP Comment & HTML Comment ?
JSP Comments are removed by the JSP Engine during the translation phase (JSP Comments are not even part of the compilation unit
all comment in jsp
all comment in jsp Defined all comment in jsp ?
jsp support two type comment : JSP comment and HTML comment
JSP Comment:
<%-- comment text --%>
this is the format of the JSP comments specified in the JSP
Hidden Comment
Hidden Comment What is a Hidden Comment ?
Hidden Comments are JSP comments. A comments that documents the JSP page but is not sent to the client. The JSP engine ignores a hidden comment, and does not process any
JSP - JSP-Interview Questions
This is simple code.
A Comment Test
A Test of Comments
A comment marks text or lines that the JSP container
JSP Simple Examples
JSP Simple Examples
Index 1.
Creating... page.
Html tags in jsp
In this example... points of water
into 100 parts.
comment in jsp
the following links:
EL parser...Can you explain jsp page life cycle what is el how does el search
the following link:
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Simple JSP program create a simple jsp page in which number is to be entered by user in jsp page and submit button clicked.If number entered is greater then 100,then message box "no is greater" elseif less "no is lesser
<jsp:useBean id="user.../jsp/simple-jsp-example/UseBean.shtml...how can we use beans in jsp how can we use beans in jsp
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In this section, you will learn about Hibernate with JSP using simple pagination example
Simple clarification - JSP-Servlet
Simple clarification Respected Sir/Madam,
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WRITE a simple JSP
WRITE a simple JSP Write a JSP that accepts a string parameter from the browser and simply displays it back in the HTML response
Hi Friend,
Try the following code:
<form name="form
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JSP date picker code I am digging for either a simple example or code to get the Date format in JSP
JSP Simple Examples
out> For Simple Calculation and Output
In this example we have used...
In this example we are going to retrieve the value we have entered in
the jsp... Objects
EL is the JSP 2.0 Expression Language Interpreter from
simple web appllication to insert, update or display from database - JSP-Servlet
simple web appllication to insert, update or display from database  ....
can you please send one example with code to how to cerate web application... database content on jsp page. please send complete code.
thank you
mani saurabh
jsp function - JSP-Servlet
a simple example of JSP Functions
Method in JSP
See the given simple button Example to submit...://www.roseindia.net/jsp/simple-jsp-example/jsp-methods.shtml
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Simple EJB3.0 Hi friends...
I am new user... bean on servlet/jsp.
thanQ Hi Friend,
Please visit...://www.roseindia.net/ejb/example-of-statelfulbean.shtml
HTML5 comment tag Example, Definition of  comment tag.
HTML5 comment tag Example,, Definition of  comment tag.
In this tutorial, we will introduce you to the  comment tag...;

Example of
JSP date example
JSP date example
Till now you learned about the JSP syntax, now I will show you how to
create a simple dynamic JSP page that prints
simple bank application - JSP-Servlet
simple bank application hi i got ur codings...But if we register a new user it is not updating in the database...so plz snd me the database also....
Thank you
Simple problem to solve - JSP-Servlet
Simple problem to solve Respected Sir/Madam,
I am R.Ragavendran.. Thanks for your kind and timely help for the program I have asked earlier. Its working in a fantastic way. My heartiest solute to Roseindia team
JSP Login Logout Example
JSP Login Logout Example
In this section we will discuss how to create a simple login and logout
This section will describe you all the steps for creating a simple login and
logout example. To create a simple login logout
urgent - JSP-Servlet
Simple Jsp and Java Example Simple Jsp and Java Example
JSP - JSP-Servlet
://www.roseindia.net/jsp/simple-jsp-example/sendredirect.shtmlWhere as<jsp:forward>... for processing.See examples and details here http://roseindia.net/jsp/simple-jsp-example/forward-a-jsp-page.shtmlMeeya
need a jsp example - JSP-Servlet
need a jsp example I need a jsp example to send a voice message or a audio .wav file from my pc to a mobile phone
jsp - JSP-Interview Questions
Thanks...jsp what are the thinks in el (jsp) nesseay to take care wel
JSP-EL - JSP-Servlet
JSP-EL ThankYou Sir for Ur sending the EL example.
Sir, I have... files:
A simple JSP application
Name...;Hi friend,
A simple JSP application
EL Uisng
simple - JDBC
simple can we have update,delete,save button in one html or jsp form performing respective operation if yes, give me code respectively. Hi Friend,
Please visit the following link:
JavaScript Comment
JavaScript Comment:
Comments are placed within the programming language
coding to hide all those statements, which are not supposed to run. Comment make....
Example 1:
<title>My Firt JavaScript File <
EL in jsp - JSP-Servlet
hope that following link will help you.
If you have any problem then explain...EL in jsp hai,
I tried to test EL operators in my jsp
Simple Bank Application in JSP
Simple Bank Application in JSP
In this section, we have developed a simple bank application
in jsp . In this application user can Update the User Profile, Cash
Example questions of JSP & Servlet
Example questions of JSP & Servlet Give me some JSP & Servlet Question and their answers
How to run a simple jsp page in tomcat???
How to run a simple jsp page in tomcat??? i am trying to run a simple jsp page in tomcat,i am having web.xml also in WEB-INF folder. but it is giving me this error below....please help me to solve it.
my jsp page code is given
jsp usebean
; Please visit the following links:
http://www.roseindia.net/jsp/simple-jsp-example/UseBean.shtml...jsp usebean i want post nt sample code but it get design wht can i
jsp - JSP-Servlet
The Quintessential in JSP
that the format does not have to be recreated each
time it is created. Here is the simple Jsp...;
This is the jsp comment
<%-- This is a JSP comment --%>

...The Quintessential in JSP
jsp sir i am trying to connect the jsp with oracle connectivity ,but i am facing some prblems please help me.
1)Import the packages...();
<%@ page import="java.sql.*"%>
<%@ page import oracle.sql.
data retrival from database throw simple jsp..
data retrival from database throw simple jsp.. We can retrieve the the data from data base simple jsp page:
Jsp Page:retrive.jsp
Connection conn = null;
ResultSet rs = null
jsp sir plz tell me how can I create a page which is similar to feedback form in which if one option is empty then other option is inaccessible.
for example it consists of name address etc.
if name field is not filled address
.(for example if i am selecting country as india in first dropdown list then in second
Simple Program Very Urgent.. - JSP-Servlet
Simple Program Very Urgent.. Respected Sir/Madam,
I am R.Ragavendran.. Thanks for your superb reply. I find a simple problem which i have tried my... information.
JSP - JSP-Servlet
JSP What is MVC?
My assumption is
JSP pages in WEB-INF directory... this type of architecture?
If this is not MVC, send me any simple MVC code with dbase connection as example...
Thanks in advance. Hi friend
Comments in Jsp
that implements the Jsp page. The jsp comment don't appear in the output
produced... of comments are allowed in the Jsp
1) Hidden comment: This comment...;
JSP Comment:

JSP If statement Example
a simple JSP program.
Example : This example will help you to understand how to use...JSP If statement Example
In this section with the help of example you will learn about the "If" statement in JSP. Control
statement is used
jsp maps api example - JSP-Servlet
jsp maps api example Can u give a complete working example on usage of JSP GOOGLE MAP API
Simple problem Very Urgent - JSP-Servlet
Simple problem Very Urgent Respected SDir/Madam,
I am R.ragavendran.. Thanks for your superb reply. I got the coding. But I find a simple problem which i hava tried my level best to solve. A pop up window is opening
JSP Cookies Example
JSP Cookies Example
 ... how to handle cookies in JSP pages.
In this tutorial you will learn how to add cookies through jsp page and then
show the value of the same cookie in another
Use of Comment Function in PHP
keep you remembering about each
details of the program.
Example of PHP Comments...;;
* This
* is
* called
* Multiple
* Line
* comment*/
echo "This
is not a comment";
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Comments in Jsp
of comments are allowed in a JSP page:
Hidden comment
Such comments written under... in the output.
// is used to pass the comment inside the directive.
JSP Comment:
JSP Tutorial
JSP Tutorial
In this section you will learn about the JSP.
This section will help you in to understand What is JSP , What are the features of JSP ?, What is a JSP page ?, Why use JSP?, Life cycle of JSP, Versions of JSP, Implicit
JSP Components
JSP Components
In this section we will discuss about the elements of JSP.
Structure of JSP Page :
JSPs are comprised of standard HTML tags and JSP tags. The structure of
JavaServer pages are simple and easily handled by the servlet
jsp page tags - JSP-Servlet
give me an example.
Susheel you can refer to this site to know more about the usage of pager tags. You can find simple example also...jsp page tags Hi,
Can anyone please explain me how to use Pager
Simple Form Controlle Example
Simple Form Controlle Example
SimpleFormController Example in Spring 2.5 Web MVC Framework
Spring... for binding and fetching data. In this example we will discuss
Simplest Login and Logout example in JSP
Simplest Login and Logout example in JSP
This JSP example shows you how to login and logout the session between JSP... is the code of the simple JSP file is login.jsp that takes the input from
Jstl c:if tag in jsp
JSTL c:if TAG IN JSP
In this Section, we will discuss about how to use JSTL tag ' c:if ' in JSP
with a simple example.
The "c:if" tag...;BLOCK
for example : <c:if test="${param.guess=='
probleming in runing jsp - JSP-Servlet
probleming in runing jsp hi
this is my simple jsp code...
HTTP Status 404 - /jsp%20prog/
type Status report
message /jsp%20prog
JSP - JSP-Servlet
JSP & Servlet Example Code Need example of JSP & Servlet
Override any method in servlet or jsp - JSP-Servlet
Override any method in servlet or jsp
Hi Friend,
Can we override any life cycle methods in servlet and jsp. Hi
Please click on this url: http://www.roseindia.net/jsp/simple-jsp-example
jsp and mysql
;Here is a simple example which may be helpful for you. The given code allow...jsp and mysql i have a form which contains dropdown list. i have to take the values to another jsp page and perform the calculation on the database
JSP Standard Actions 'jsp:setProperty' & 'jsp:getProperty'
; }
Example :
OF JSP:USEBEAN STANDARD ACTION<...JSP Standard Actions <jsp:setProperty> & <jsp:getProperty>
JSP to Excel - JSP-Servlet
JSP to Excel Need an example of JSP and Excel database connection. Thanks
jsp - JSP-Servlet
JSP directives with example JSP Directive with examples
JSP Paging Example in Datagrid - JSP-Servlet
JSP Paging Example in Datagrid Hi,
I have tested JSP Paging Example... it successfully.
When i try... on the url
is customizable or not if yes
JSP Database Example
This example shows you how to develop JSP that connects to the database and
retrieves the data from database. The retrieved data is displayed on the
Read Example
JSP Database
Ajax Examples
This example is simple one to understand Ajax with JSP. The objective of the
example is to display the current date... refreshing the current page. This example also
shows the key value entered
Developing Simple Struts Tiles Application
Developing Simple Struts Tiles Application
 ... will show you how to develop simple Struts Tiles
Application. You will learn how to setup the Struts Tiles and create example
page with it.
What is Struts
JSP Simple Examples
Simple Question - JDBC
Simple Question Respected Sir/Madam,
I am R.Ragavendran....,
Instead of iterating the resultset object in the JSP, do the iteration in SERVLET... that vecor and iterate in the JSP[Before that check the vector is 'null' or not]. I
JSP date example
web programming - JSP-Servlet
Please visit the following link:
Hope that it will be helpful for you...web programming Write a JSP page to display the number of hits
Introduction to the JSP Java Server Pages
create a simple dynamic JSP page that prints the current date and time... the
particular to the user.
JSP Cookies Example... it in
Hello World JSP Page
By this example we
Cookies in JSP
Cookies in JSP
In this section, we will discuss about handling cookies in JSP with an
example. Cookies are small chunk of textual information that a web... depend
on them.
Second, as the author of JSP/servlet that use cookies, you
Roseindia JSP Tutorial
JSP Cookies Example
Disabling Session in JSP
JSP PDF books
Free JSP...Roseindia JSP tutorials provides you with a library of best JSP tutorials for beginners as well as experienced programmers as the JSP tutorials
provide example in J2ee/jsp - JSP-Servlet
provide example in J2ee/jsp how to manage search options page in jsp using back end as oracle/sql?
i am using multiple search options. so please provide code for this or tutorial
JSP for loop Example
JSP for loop Example
We are going to discus about for loop in JSP page's. JSP provides loop
statement and conditional checks. We first initialize...;% for loop %>
Syntax of for loop in JSP page.
<% Write here code%>
simple java search engine
simple java search engine i have already downloaded the project simple java search engine.but i am not able to run it.can anyone help me.i have....
Title : Simple Search Engine
System Specification:
The system on which
JSP Paging Example in Datagrid - JSP-Servlet
JSP Paging Example in Datagrid Hello,
This is with refernece to the paging smaple provided on the URL
http://www.roseindia.net/jsp/paging.shtml... Folder Name is datagridsample that has a jsp page named search.jsp
jsp - JSP-Servlet
JSP declaration tag example Can you give me a JSP declaration tag example
jsp sessions - JSP-Servlet
jsp sessions Hi, i am JSP sessions example and code. using SessenListners
jsp mysql
jsp mysql actually i want a page that has two frames nd in 1 frame... to reflect in other frame followed by a comment box and also after giving comment it has to reflect on the same frame again followed by another comment box
servlet - JSP-Servlet
servlet please post me some attractive learn simple steps tutoriols jsp&servlet with source code or example with netbeans.
post all servlet and jsp simple example chapter by chapter who will build
my knowldge very fastly
J2EE - JSP-Servlet
convenient than Servlet and JSP is clearly superior, shorter,
simple and easier...J2EE What is diffrent between JSP and Servlet ?
Hi friend,
Difference between JSP and Servlet :
Jsp have implicit object
Page object - JSP-Servlet
for more information.
http://www.roseindia.net/jsp/simple-jsp-example/Html-Tag... of PAGE object of implicit JSP object. If this is possible explain me about....... Hi friend,
Implicit Objects in JSP are objects
Simple Example of Hibernate 4
Simple Example of Hibernate 4 Hi,
As a new comer in the Hibernate programming, I want simple program of Hibernate to learn the basic concepts... Simple Example
More Tutorials for a beginner:
Hibernate Tutorials Home page
jsp functions - JSP-Servlet
jsp functions hi,sir
i need a simple jsp program using page directive with session attribute Hi friend,
To get the solution of your problem visit this link....
Jsp question - JSP-Servlet
Jsp question Hi,
I have NetBeans5.5 and Tomcat5.5 I could not able to excute a jsp file. there is giving error that the absolute path is not deployed or not found in web.xml.
Simple jsp examples without JSTL I am
JSP - JSP-Servlet
Simple Selection Page In JSP... on a jsp , once the user selects one of them and clicks a button (say ok) then i... new to JSP's , thank you all for ur time and support Hi friend,
I am
JSP - JSP-Servlet
JSP HI! Every body.............
Please send me any simple code for chatting using JSP and servlet...
Advance wishes...
Happy Pongal
About JSP Expression Language - JSP-Servlet
About JSP Expression Language Hi i am new to JSP i am now going through the basics of JSP..on the process i tried a simple JSp program... pls help...:JSP addition of two Numbers - Example Code
how to include a java class in jsp - JSP-Servlet
and methods of a java class in jsp.if possible plz tr to explain with a simple example... to use those variables in my jsp for further process... ??
is it possible...://www.roseindia.net/jsp/
jsp - JSP-Servlet
jsp hai everybody how to pass vlaue from jsp to jsp give me one example
i tried with
like this i tried please anyone help me its very urgent... is the JSP page being called
Passing value jsp to jsp
Insert a Processing Instruction and a Comment Node
Insert a Processing Instruction and a Comment Node
This Example shows you how to Insert a Processing Node
and Comment Node in a DOM document. JAXP (Java API for XML
jsp coding
jsp coding what is the simple jsp code for bus ticket reservation system
Pagination in jsp - JSP-Servlet
Pagination in jsp I need an example of pagination in JSP using display tag
jsp code - JSP-Servlet
jsp code sample code for change password
Old Password:
new Password:
confirm Password
Tag library - JSP-Servlet
Tag library Hi, although i read a lot about tag library in jsp but it's not clear to me please tell me what is tag library and why it's use in struts. Please give me some simple example so that i can make my concept clear
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text:
Search Swinburne Research Bank
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/37205
|Download PDF (Author's final draft) (Adobe Acrobat PDF, -1 bytes)
- Title
- The anatomy of the NGC5044 group I: group membership and dynamics
- Author(s)
- Mendel, J. Trevor; Proctor, Robert N.; Forbes, Duncan A.; Brough, Sarah
- Abstract
- We use a combination of new AAOmega multi-object wide-field spectroscopic observations and literature data to define 111 spectroscopically confirmed members of the massive NGC 5044 group with MB≤−13.5 mag , providing a three-fold increase in group members over previous analyses of this group. We find the group to have a dynamical mass of 9.2 × 1013 M⊙ , placing it on the border between rich groups and poor clusters. However, comparison to the LX–σν and LX–Mass relations shows that it more closely follows the cluster scaling relations. Using a combination of crossing time, X-ray contours and line-of-sight velocity profile, we are able to preclude growth of the NGC 5044 group via major subgroup mergers within the last ∼1 Gyr. While the majority of dynamical indicators for the group suggest it is virialized, we find evidence for a small, dynamically distinct subgroup at 1.4 Mpc from the group centre, suggesting that the NGC 5044 group is the dominant structure in its local environment, and is currently accreting smaller groups.
- Publication type
- Journal article
- Research centre
- Swinburne University of Technology. Faculty of Information and Communication Technologies. Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing
- Source
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, (Aug 2008), Vol. 389, no. 2, pp. 749-765
- Publication year
- 2008
- Keyword(s)
- Fundamental parameters; Galactic clusters; Galaxy evolution; Galaxy formation; NGC5044 group; Redshifts
- Publisher
- Wiley-Blackwell Publishing
- 0035-8711
- Publisher URL
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2008 Royal Astronomical Society. Author's final draft reproduced here in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher.
- Full text
- Peer reviewed


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