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Land of Waves Arc
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|This is the article on the Land of Waves Arc. If you are looking for the article on the country, head to Land of Waves.
The Land of Waves Arc was included in Part I of the series, and comprised chapters 9 to 33 of the manga and episodes 6 to 19 of the Naruto anime. It was the first major arc of the series. This arc is preceded by the Introduction Arc and followed by the Chūnin Exam Arc.
While Genin were normally assigned D-rank missions, Naruto insisted on doing something more exciting, and the Third Hokage agreed to send them on a C-rank mission to escort Tazuna, a master bridge-builder, back to the Land of Waves. During their mission, the team was attacked by two chūnin, enemies at a level that wasn't supposed to be encountered on a C-rank mission. Naruto, surprised by the chūnins' appearances, panicked and was struck by one of the chūnin's poisonous metal gauntlets. Sasuke, in Naruto's absence, dealt with the attackers quite efficiently, and rubbed in his one-upping of Naruto by calling him a "scaredy-cat". Once the attackers had been restrained, Naruto bled out the poison he had received by stabbing his wound with a kunai, swearing upon the pain in his hand never to freeze up and leave his friends to fend for themselves again.
Kakashi, his suspicions raised by the attack, asked Tazuna for the truth about the circumstances of the mission. Tazuna explained that the Land of Waves had been taken over by a shipping magnate called Gatō, who had effectively bankrupted all the people of the country, and that the only way to revitalise the economy was by building a bridge to the mainland that could render moot Gatō's shipping monopoly. However, Gatō did not want that to happen, and used shinobi gangs to assert his control. Team 7's actual mission was to support and protect the bridge-building efforts that had been thwarted thus far.
Upon arrival at the Land of Waves and on the way to Tazuna's home, Naruto, bent on outdoing Sasuke, threw a kunai at a bush, surprising the other ninja and putting them on guard. Once was clear that it was nothing, Sakura yelled at him for it, but Naruto threw another kunai at another bush in the other direction. Sakura hit him on the head this time, though Naruto swore he had sensed something. As it turned out, he had sensed a snow rabbit, which was now scared out of its mind due to the kunai only an inch from its head. Naruto apologised to and sympathised profusely with the rabbit, picking it up and hugging it to an extreme. While the others dismissed his antics as Naruto's usual idiocy, Kakashi noticed something strange about the rabbit: its fur was white. Snow rabbits are only white during winter, meaning that this rabbit had been raised indoors and therefore belonged to someone nearby.
The Demon of the Hidden Mist
Kakashi suddenly told everyone to duck as a giant sword spun past them, nearly killing them all. The sword embedded itself in a tree, and Zabuza Momochi, a missing-nin from Kirigakure, jumped onto its handle, intent on killing Tazuna. Kakashi, recognising Zabuza as a formidable opponent, revealed his Sharingan, saying that he will need to use it. Zabuza, honoured by Kakashi's willingness to go all out for their battle, stated that he would consider it a testament to his own skill if he were to kill Kakashi.
Zabuza ended the conversation with his Hiding in Mist Technique, summoning a thick veil of mist from the nearby lake in order to hide himself from the Sharingan. Kakashi ordered Team 7 to protect Tazuna, though Zabuza asserted that such protection was useless, instantly appearing in the centre of their formation. As Zabuza was about to make an attack with his sword, Kakashi raced toward them and stabs Zabuza in the stomach with his kunai just before his stroke could fall. Water poured out of Zabuza's body and it collapsed into a puddle as the real Zabuza appeared behind Kakashi, revealing that Zabuza had used the Water Clone Technique to fool Kakashi. Zabuza proceeded to slice Kakashi in half, but Kakashi's body too dissolved into water, surprising Zabuza as he realised that Kakashi's Sharingan must have copied the Water Clone Technique as Zabuza charged toward him. Kakashi appeared behind Zabuza, mocking him by saying that it was over.
To everyone's surprise, a second Zabuza appeared behind Kakashi and grabbed him, and the first Zabuza reverted to a pool of water. Kakashi attempted to break free of Zabuza's grasp, but was instead thrown into the nearby lake. As he emerged, Zabuza trapped him within his Water Prison Technique, leaving Naruto, Sasuke, and Sakura to defend against another of Zabuza's clones. Kakashi told the genin to run, but Naruto remembered the oath that he had made to himself, and entered the fight so that they could save Kakashi and keep Tazuna alive. Naruto created a number of shadow clones that proceeded to completely surround Zabuza's water clone. Zabuza's clone swung his sword, and the shadow clones scattered and disappeared, forcing the only remaining Naruto to reach into his backpack and pull out a fūma shuriken, which he gave to Sasuke. Sasuke, sensing Naruto's plan, at Zabuza, who easily grabbed it from the air. To his surprise, a second shuriken was hiding in the shadow of the first due to Sasuke's Shadow Shuriken Technique, and Zabuza was forced to leap over it to avoid being damaged. Once past Zabuza, the second shuriken turned into Naruto, who had transformed himself to trick the superior ninja. Naruto threw a kunai at Zabuza, who, unable to dodge it while maintaining the Water Prison Technique, was forced to release Kakashi from his prison in order to avoid the attack.
With Kakashi free, Zabuza was forced to commence their battle, and the two used multiple Water Release techniques against each other. Due to his Sharingan, Kakashi was able to take the upper hand and defeat Zabuza with Zabuza's own attack. Just as Kakashi was about to make the final blow, a masked ninja, later revealed to be named Haku, appeared to kill Zabuza by impaling Zabuza's neck with several senbon. After revealing himself to be a hunter-nin sent to kill Zabuza, he disappeared with Zabuza's body. Kakashi, momentarily satisfied with this turn of events, decided that it was time to continue escorting Tazuna home, only to collapse due to chakra exhaustion seconds later as a result of his overuse of the Sharingan. Kakashi is later seen bed ridden, and with a crutch as a result of this battle.
Kakashi was taken to Tazuna's home for recovery, and as he rested he made the observation that Zabuza's apparent death was odd: when hunter-nin killed their target, they usually began to destroy it on the spot. On the other hand, the ninja whom they'd met had taken Zabuza's body elsewhere. This, coupled with the fact that Zabuza had been "killed" with senbon, weapons that were rarely fatal and also useful for knocking people out, led Kakashi to believe that Zabuza was still alive, and that he would be back to finish Tazuna's assassination. Elsewhere, Zabuza was revived by Haku, and, although he would need time to recover, he promised to crush Kakashi when next they met.
With Zabuza's return a likely outcome, Kakashi took Team 7 to the nearby woods for chakra training, and told them that the training would require them to learn to climb trees without using their hands. Naruto made the observation that this is impossible, but Kakashi, in crutches, managed to climb the tree with ease, and explained that the key to doing so was focusing chakra to the soles of the feet. The three genin all made an attempt: Naruto, not using enough chakra, took only one step before falling back to the ground; Sasuke was able to make it a good distance up the trunk, though he damaged it as a result of using too much chakra; and Sakura, having perfect control over her chakra, made it to a high branch on her first attempt, finishing her training. For the boys, however, the training continues, and Naruto, still unable to make it far up the tree, asked Sakura for advice. Sakura complied, and Kakashi made the observation that Naruto was finally getting a good grasp on teamwork.
Sakura was left in charge of protecting Tazuna while Naruto and Sasuke continued their training. As Naruto began to catch up to Sasuke, Sasuke casually asked to know what advice Sakura had given Naruto, but Naruto, determined to beat Sasuke, refused to give it away. During dinner one night, Sakura asked about a torn picture that Inari, Tazuna's grandson, had been looking at. Tazuna explains that the man in the missing portion of the picture was Kaiza, Inari's "father", whom Inari had idolised and thought of as his biological parent, though Kaiza had adopted him. One day, years prior, a flood had threatened to destroy the village, and Kaiza had single-handedly managed to close the floodgates, earning him the title of "hero" amongst the villagers. Once Gatō came to the country, however, Kaiza's heroic deeds angered Gatō, and therefore Gatō had him executed in front of the villagers, including Inari. From that day forth, the villagers lost hope, and Inari was crushed, disbelieving the possible existence of a "hero". Naruto, determined to prove to Inari that there was such a thing as a hero, rushed off to continue his training.
As Naruto rested in the woods one day, he encountered Haku, though he was unaware of Haku's identity and thought him to just be a pretty girl. The two discussed their dreams: Naruto wished to become the Kage of his village, while Haku wanted to protect the person most precious to him, explaining that, when one was protecting a precious person, one's strength reached its maximum. Naruto agreed with this statement, remembering all of the people who had protected him. With that, Haku left, though not before confusing Naruto to no end by asserting that he was a boy.
Training for Naruto and Sasuke continued, and eventually the two were able to climb to the very tops of their trees, though Naruto was exhausted as a result. Seeing Naruto in this condition, a tearful Inari proclaimed that Naruto was wasting his time and that Gatō would still defeat him. Naruto replied that he will win, and sarcastically congratulated Inari for always crying, calling him a brat. As Inari sulked, Kakashi explained to Inari how Naruto had also grown up without a father, and that he also had no mother, and therefore had a sad life. Kakashi also mentioned that, despite these conditions, he'd never seen Naruto cry, and theorised that Naruto one day grew tired of crying over himself. This explanation, and the suggestion that Naruto is the only person present who knew what Inari was going through, touched Inari.
Round Two
The next morning, Kakashi, Sasuke, and Sakura escorted Tazuna to work at the bridge, leaving Naruto behind to rest. Upon arriving at the bridge, however, they found Tazuna's workers to have been attacked, and the area quickly became covered with a veil of mist. After a quick defeat of Zabuza's water clones at the hands of Sasuke, Zabuza and a masked Haku revealed themselves, confirming Kakashi's suspicions. Back at Tazuna's house, two of Gatō's thugs arrived to kidnap Inari's mother. Inari, inspired by Naruto's story, attempted to save his mother by himself. Just as he was about to be cut down by the thugs, Naruto appeared and defeated the two single-handedly. Naruto congratulated Inari for finally standing up for himself, and left to join the rest of his team.
Back at the bridge, Sasuke battled with Haku, and Zabuza was surprised to find that Sasuke could keep up with Haku's speed. Haku, also noticing Sasuke's capabilities, decided to use his trump card, Demonic Mirroring Ice Crystals, which trapped Sasuke in a cage of ice. Haku proceeded to pummel Sasuke with wave after wave of senbon barrages, which were made effectively undodgeable as a result of Haku's technique. Eventually, Naruto arrived and managed a sneak attack on Haku. Just as Zabuza was about to attack Naruto, Haku asked to be the one to fight him, to which Zabuza agreed. Sasuke began to formulate a plan, thinking that it would be easier to defeat Haku with Naruto attacking from the outside. To his dismay, Naruto entered the cage of ice to see how Sasuke was doing, and he too became a prisoner of Haku's technique.
Naruto and Sasuke both attempted to destroy the ice mirrors, but were unsuccessful. This turn of events led Kakashi to believe that Haku was using a kekkei genkai, and that Naruto and Sasuke had no chance of winning. Because of this, he once again revealed his Sharingan, expressing his desire to finish the battle quickly. Zabuza explained that he had learned how to defeat the Sharingan, and disappeared into the mist. As Kakashi instructed Sakura to guard Tazuna, Zabuza struck, revealing to Kakashi that Zabuza was now attacking with his eyes closed, making the Sharingan's ocular genjutsu useless. Zabuza, explaining that was specialty is killing people based purely on sound, attempted to finish off Tazuna, but Kakashi made himself into a human shield at the last second. Heavily injured, Kakashi resorted to using an attack that he himself had created.
Meanwhile, the fight between Haku and Naruto and Sasuke continued, with the two genin having sustained heavily wounds. Sasuke, however, was starting to dodge Haku's attacks. Haku, noticing this, attempted to attack an exhausted Naruto instead, but Sasuke managed to pull Naruto out of way. A shocked Haku noticed Sasuke's eyes, and it was revealed that, as a member of the Uchiha clan, Sasuke had finally awoken his own kekkei genkai, the Sharingan, which enabled him to see Haku's movements with ease. Haku, fearing for his success at winning the battle, goes for a finishing blow upon Naruto, but Sasuke rushes to Naruto's side to stop the attack with his own body. When Naruto awakened from his faint, he found a severely wounded Sasuke standing over him. When Naruto asked why Sasuke had saved him, he replied that it was merely instinct, and fell into Naruto's arms. After admitting that he had promised not to die before killing his brother, Sasuke fell unconscious, and Haku asked Naruto whether it was the first time he had witnessed death.
Naruto, enraged by the apparent loss of Sasuke, began to emit a visible chakra, and Haku noted that it was pure evil. As the chakra poured out, Naruto's wounds began to heal, and he acquired claws, fangs, and slitted pupils. Zabuza and Kakashi both sensed this new chakra, and each initially wondered whether it belonged to the other jōnin, but Zabuza noted that the chakra was far too powerful to belong to Kakashi, and Kakashi was able to recognise it as that of the Nine-Tailed Demon Fox. Kakashi, worried that the seal keeping the demon fox within Naruto would break soon, decided to pull out all of the stops, and drew a scroll, smeared his blood on it, and told Zabuza that they should now end the battle.
A transformed Naruto began to attack Haku, who attempted to counter with a barrage of needles, which were easily repelled by Naruto's roar. Haku attempted a physical attack, but Naruto was able to dodge it and grab the now fleeing Haku in an instant. After releasing a large amount of chakra, Naruto gave Haku a deafening punch in the face, sending him flying through a nearby mirror and destroying all the other mirrors as a result. Once Haku's body came to a stop, he rose, and Naruto charged at him so that he could give the finishing blow. As he did so, Haku's mask began to crack and break away, revealing the face of the boy whom Naruto had met in the woods. Mere inches from Haku's face, Naruto stopped his attack and returned to his normal form. Haku questioned why Naruto is sparing him, only to receive a weak punch to the face. Haku explained that with his defeat had come his uselessness to Zabuza, and that, because he could no longer protect Zabuza, his most precious person, he should die. Naruto didn't understand this reason for wanting death, but Haku began to plead for it nonetheless.
With the bloodstained scroll, Kakashi summoned a number of dogs to find and restrain Zabuza. Explaining that he had allowed Zabuza to injure him so that he could acquire Zabuza's scent, Kakashi proclaimed that this would finally be the end of Zabuza. With that, Kakashi gathered chakra in his hand, and readied his Lightning Cutter for use on Zabuza. Meanwhile, Haku had finally managed to persuade Naruto to kill him, using Sasuke's apparent death as a reason for revenge. Naruto prepared a kunai, and charged at Haku, hoping that death would make Haku's dreams come true--but, at the last moment, Haku stopped the attack. He apologised, saying that he couldn't die yet, and disappeared.
The Tool's Feelings
Kakashi charged towards Zabuza while, at the same time, a number of mirrors begin to surround Zabuza as protection. As the Lightning Cutter made contact with flesh, needles struck the bloody scroll, and the dogs holding Zabuza in place disappeared. To Kakashi's surprise, he impaled Haku, who had used the last of his strength to grab hold of Kakashi.
Elsewhere, Inari was going door-to-door in an attempt to rally support for taking down Gatō and his men. The villagers, not wanting to fight back anymore, refused, to which Inari replied that he would protect those that he loved, as crying wouldn't save anyone. Once he got home, Inari's mother pleaded for him not to go, but Inari insisted that, as Kaiza's son, he must fight. As he left the house, Inari was startled to find many shadowy figures surrounding his door.
Naruto, confused by Haku's disappearance, rushed towards the figures he could see in the now fading mist. Upon his arrival, he found the gruesome scene of Haku's death, and Zabuza preparing to make good use of the opportunity Haku had given him. As Zabuza was about to finish the swing of his sword, Kakashi jumped out of the way, taking Haku's body with him. After removing his hand from Haku's body and laying his body down, Kakashi ordered Naruto to stay out of the fight. Sakura, now noticing Naruto, asked where Sasuke was. When Naruto looked away and didn't reply, she guessed at what had happened, and quickly escorted Tazuna to Sasuke's body, where she broke the shinobi rules and cried.
Zabuza, meanwhile, was unable to touch Kakashi, and with every attempt to strike him down he was thrown backwards. With one such parry, one of Zabuza's arms was made useless, and with another attack by Kakashi the other arm was put out of commission. As Zabuza's defencelessness was made apparent, Gatō and his forces arrived to take the assassination of Tazuna into their own hands. As Zabuza and Kakashi decided that they no longer have a reason to fight each other, Gatō noticed Haku's body, and defiled it as vengeance for an injury Haku had earlier given him. This, coupled with Zabuza's indifference, infuriated Naruto, leading him to decide that Zabuza is still his enemy. Naruto explained how Haku had felt about Zabuza, and how Haku had done anything within in his power to serve Zabuza. After Naruto decried how Haku had died as a tool that had never achieved his dreams, Zabuza broke into tears, admitting defeat to Naruto.
As he began to reflect upon the pureness of Haku's heart and the devotion that Haku had held towards him, Zabuza tore away the cloth covering his mouth and borrowed a kunai from Naruto. Catching the kunai in his mouth, Zabuza charged through Gatō's forces, slaying anyone who got in his way even while being stabbed many times. Upon reaching Gatō, Zabuza proclaimed that he would not be able to go to the same resting place as Haku, and that he would be taking Gatō with him to hell. With that, Zabuza ended Gatō's life. Using the last of his energy, he thanked Haku for everything and apologised, falling to the ground with exhaustion.
As Zabuza's life began to fade, Sasuke awakened, overjoying Sakura to no end. After asking Sakura to release him, Sasuke asked of Haku's fate. Learning that he had died, Sasuke realised that Haku had never meant to kill him or Naruto. Sakura called out to Naruto that Sasuke was all right, and Naruto was overwhelmed by the good news.
Gatō's men, meanwhile, were now without a paycheck, and decided to loot the town as their payment for coming. As Naruto and Kakashi, both exhausted, tried to figure out what to do, an arrow fell to the ground in front of the imposing forces. Everyone's attention was drawn to its source: Inari and the entirety of the town's population, who had come to start protecting themselves. To contribute to the already intimidating forces, Naruto and Kakashi used what little chakra they have left to create what appear to be a large number of shadow clones, causing the mercenaries to flee to the boat that they'd used to get to the bridge.
Kakashi approached Zabuza, who asked to see Haku one last time. Kakashi complied, and laid Zabuza's broken body alongside Haku's. As snow began to fall, Zabuza asked Haku whether he was crying, and asserted that, just as Haku had always been by his side in life, he was now by Haku's side in death. With his last breath, he expressed his desire to go to the same afterlife as Haku, if only he could. Kakashi remarked that Zabuza will be able to be with Haku in death, as they could go to the afterlife together.
Haku and Zabuza were buried side by side, and Naruto, having witnessed the fate of shinobi, decided to live his life in his own way, not letting others tell him how. The bridge was completed, and Team 7 prepared to leave. As they bade farewell to Tazuna and his family, Naruto told Inari that it was okay to cry. Inari, saying he didn't want to, said the same thing to Naruto, who also said he didn't want to. As Naruto walked away, both broke into tears, causing Sakura to call them both idiots. As they all disappeared into the distance, Tazuna proclaimed that the bridge would be called the Great Naruto Bridge to signify the strength that Naruto gave Inari, who in turn spread it to the whole town.
|Episode Title
|Japanese Airdate
|English Airdate
|"Enter: Naruto Uzumaki!"
|3 October 2002
|10 September 2005
|"My Name is Konohamaru!"
|10 October 2002
|10 September 2005
|"Sasuke and Sakura: Friends or Foes?"
|17 October 2002
|17 September 2005
|"Pass or Fail: Survival Test"
|24 October 2002
|24 September 2005
|"You Failed! Kakashi's Final Decision"
|31 October 2002
|1 October 2005
|"A Dangerous Mission! Journey to the Land of Waves!"
|7 November 2002
|8 October 2005
|"The Assassin of the Mist!"
|14 November 2002
|15 October 2005
|"The Oath of Pain"
|21 November 2002
|22 October 2005
|"Kakashi: Sharingan Warrior!"
|28 November 2002
|29 October 2005
|"The Forest of Chakra"
|5 December 2002
|5 November 2005
|"The Land Where a Hero Once Lived"
|12 December 2002
|12 November 2005
|"Battle on the Bridge! Zabuza Returns!"
|19 December 2002
|19 November 2005
|"Haku's Secret Jutsu: Demonic Mirroring Ice Crystals"
|26 December 2002
|26 November 2005
|"The Number One Hyperactive, Knucklehead Ninja Joins the Fight!"
|9 January 2003
|3 December 2005
|"Zero Visibility: The Sharingan Shatters"
|16 January 2003
|10 December 2005
|"The Broken Seal"
|23 January 2003
|17 December 2005
|"White Past: Hidden Ambition"
|30 January 2003
|31 December 2005
|"The Weapons Known as Shinobi"
|6 February 2003
|7 January 2006
|"The Demon in the Snow"
|13 February 2003
|14 January 2006


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Angie's Answers
This part of Don's answer follows my thoughts exactly:
"You want to deal with a professional person that is selling you a bath that was not working as a cashier a few months ago."
Do you go to the gracery store and ask for someone to cook your steak? Of course not. So why would you go to a building supply store and ask for someone to remodel your bathroom? Rarely will you see a legitimate contractor take jobs from a retailer. Why? Because they don't pay much. Speed is the most important thing to them, along with getting it done cheap so they can maximize profit. About 10 years ago I worked on a few contracted structures (sheds, garages, etc.) from Home Depot. They contracted to another company who then contracted people to build them. At that time they paid a flat $250 for a contractor to pick up the supplies, build the structure on site, paint it, and use their own tools. By the time the cost of a helper, fuel, tools, etc. was factored in there was nothing left for the contractor. Anyway, the point I'm making is that the guy who will eventually show up to do the work will be so far down the line that everyone else has already taken the profits (Home Depot, ReBath, possibly someone else, and finally the guy working) that he probably isn't going to care what kind of job he does for you, quality or not. He likely won't have much experience due to a high turnover rate and any experience he does have will probably be limited to his teachings at that job. He probably can't answer any building code questions or identify other hazards once things are taken apart and he certainly won't do anything he doesn't have to while it is apart.
Another problem I've heard of repeatedly is that if (when) there is a problem there is always someone else you need to speak to. You might have to talk to 4 or 5 different people before you can even get to someone that can address the problem. Now multiply that due to having (at least) two separate companies involoved. "You need to call ReBath." "No, you need to call Home Depot."
You hire a general contractor for a reason. We learn, understand, and keep up on building codes. We are the one point of contact for all questions and issues on a project. There is no manager in some other store, state, etc. to call. You contract a GC and deal directly with that GC, or a site supervisor in some cases. There isn't a huge chain of command to get through to reach the main decision maker for the business. In a bathroom remodel you need someone who can do the plumbing, repair and/or move any electrical, install tile/flooring, drywall and paint, trim carpentry, and someone to coordinate all of that. Sometimes you can find a qualified contractor to do all of those things and sometimes he will sub-contract out certain components (especially due to licensing laws) but you will always have that one definitive person to go to for any questions or issues. A salesman in a store doesn't visit your home throughout the project to check on the status. Even if he did, he likely wouldn't now what he is looking at. The same goes for a retail manager.
Hire someone who specializes in taking care of your home. Hire based on reputation & knowledge/experience. You are right that not every customer can be happy so an occassional bad review can be found on just about any business. Read the reviews, not the grades (they are always biased). Look to see if the contractor attempted to rectify the problem, not ignore it. Lastly, unless you want cheap, sloppy work and a whole heap of other troubles, don't hire based on a low price.
You gave a good description, but without seeing some photos and maybe even the space itself it would still just be a guess.
A few years ago we replaced a significant load bearing beam to raise it up a foot in the new kitchen. It was nearly 17' long with a new LVL beam. For us this was pretty reasonable. The LVL was about $250. And maybe 12-15 2x6s, to temporarily support the ceiling joists, were probably like another $75. The labor was $800. There was also some finish work done afterward, but that was worked into a much bigger job for the entire floor.
Technically speaking, it is likely that you need to have something spec'd out by an engineer or architect, to calculate load, etc. I don't know your area but in most places "a mere contractor, GC, or carpenter" is probably not allowed to just rip out a load-bearing wall without someone who is qualified to do the load calculations (which will be VERY conservative. A brand new LVL will be VASTLY stronger than it really needs to be, but it won't be expensive. The typical contractor will be like "hey we'll sister up two 2x12s", and not really know if that'll do the trick or not. I'm not saying that all guys are like that, but ... it is what it is.
What you are talking about is probably at least a bit more involved and I'd love to give a good estimate but it's hard to say without a better understanding of the space.
You may be looking at $1500 - $3500? It depends on too many specifics that we just can't know without a bunch of photos, and maybe even opening up a wall or ceiling to see exactly how temporary supports could be installed, and where the permanent beam/header could be placed and properly supported. Your span isn't all that big so if at all possible I would do it without columns - it'll be much nicer.
If I were you I would first have a quick consultation with a "professional engineer". They are qualified to calculate load etc - and cost a lot less than a full architect. In my experience, an engineer just wants to provide a quick, proper solution without a lot of extra BS. My experience with architects has been less than favorable. Too much drama and expense and he actually spec'd things wrong and my carpenter had to pick up on it.
Sorry I couldn't be of more help. Good luck!!!
Our companie's policy is to prime the area with any bonding primer. This will seal the hairspray in and not let it affect the next coat of paint. It would also be a good idea to lightly sand the area first.
Our recommendation for primer would be Zinsser's BIN Spray (red can) and can be bought at most paint stores or home improvement stores. Other than that, any thing that specifically says "bonding" for a primer should be adequate enough.
Todd Shell
Todd's Home Services
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View: In a Room |
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Floral Still Life
Giclee Print
Item #: 12819725116A
Size and print type
22" x 16.5" without border
Ships in 1-2 days
This giclée print offers beautiful color accuracy on a high-quality paper (235 gsm) that is a great option for framing with its smooth, acid free surface. Giclée (French for "to spray") is a printing process where millions of ink droplets are sprayed onto the paper's surface creating natural color transitions.
Other ways to order:
Call Us: 1-800-952-5592 |
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A SUMMER OF BIRDS details a relatively unknown chapter in the life of renowned naturalist painter, ornithologist and literary figure John James Audubon. Based on the acclaimed book, the documentary chronicles the formative summer Audubon spent in Louisiana in 1821, in the lush surroundings of Oakley Plantation in West Feliciana Parish. There, Audubon began or completed nearly half of the 435 pictures in his famous Birds of America collection. Narrated by Emmy-winning actress Sela Ward (House; Once and Again; Sisters) , the film explores the profound influence of Louisiana's natural environment and birdlife on Audubons development as an artist and writer, and conversely, Audubon's undeniable impact on the region and its cultural identity. Cameras accompany modern-day birding enthusiasts and naturalists through Louisiana's bayous and woodsy pathways to experience their "paradise of birds" the same way Audubon did nearly 200 years ago.
There are no upcoming episodes of this series scheduled on Alabama Public Television.
Funding for Summer of Birds is provided in part by:


text:
Does this guy still have any believers on this board? Also, Duron Harmon could make me look a fool if he stays healthy and absorbs some veteran knowledge from Wilson.
Blount and Buchanon looked good, Bolden looking like he wants to get axed. Did BB keep Dobson in to work on his blocking? Because he certainly wasn't going to get any pass catching reps with TeBLOW as the QB!


text:
Employer: Burbank School District 111
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- Jan 4:
- Larimer County High Park fire crews receive $1.9 million FEMA grant
- Jul 13:
- Black sludge coats Poudre River after High Park Fire
- Jun 29:
- Colorado wildfire: High Park Fire outside Fort Collins has destroyed 259 homes
- Jun 28:
- Colorado wildfire: 1,900 evacuees from High Park Fire near Fort Collins to return home
- Jun 27:
- Colorado wildfire: Most High Park Fire evacuees should be home in 2 days
- Jun 26:
- Colorado wildfire: High Park Fire tally is 257 houses, some residents go home
- High Park Fire: Citizens still waiting to go home
FORT COLLINS — Residents whose homes burned in the High Park wildfire packed a Larimer County meeting Wednesday night to criticize the way their claims are being handled by insurance companies.
Homeowners, some in tears and with breaking voices, complained that insurance-settlement offers are falling far short of expected levels.
People in the crowd of about 130 complained of depreciated insurance-settlement offers that fail to cover rebuilding costs, and difficulty in getting full reimbursement for home contents lost in fires.
A particular aggravation of some speakers was the need to exhaustively document lost personal possessions during an emotionally challenging time.
"Being required to list all personal contents is inhumane after a disaster of this magnitude," said Dale Snyder, who lost his Rist Canyon home during the June fire. "It's extremely painful and time consuming, to say the least."
Other homeowners said depreciated payments for destroyed homes make rebuilding difficult or impossible.
"If they feel the need to depreciate my policy by that amount, then why did they accept my premium (payment) for that value?" said Trish Garner, who lost her Rist Canyon home.
In many cases, insurers offer settlement amounts based on a percentage of replacement costs. The full value of the policy is not paid until structures are rebuilt and possessions are replaced.
Insurance-industry representatives noted that companies operate within the law and follow standard practices by requiring an accounting of costs and completion of rebuilding before full reimbursement is made.
State Rep. Claire Levy, D-Boulder, garnered applause from the crowd when she said she will introduce legislation in the 2013 session to offer more protection to homeowners in their dealings with insurers.
The legislation would direct insurers to certify that replacement costs accurately reflect local construction costs as well as requiring companies to offer at least partial payments on personal contents without the need for itemization.
Some citizens are calling for Colorado to pass a law that would require insurers to pay upfront the full face value of policies in the event of a total loss, without depreciation and holdbacks.
So-called "valued policy laws" are in effect in 19 states. Most of those states mandate full reimbursement for lost structures but still require itemized lists for content replacement.
Insurers are listening to homeowner concerns but are wary about proposals that could increase premiums and encourage fraud, said Carole Walker, executive director of the Rocky Mountain Insurance Information Association, an industry trade group.
Colorado state Rep. John Kefalas, D-Fort Collins, has said that while he is not endorsing a valued-policy law, he sees the need for changes that would bring more consistency to insurance policies and claims.
"They've been through so much anguish from the fires, and now there seems to be a lot of hassles that people are going through," Kefalas said. "Maybe we need to get more consistency in how these things are handled."
Walker said the history of valued-policy laws shows that homeowners in areas with low risk of wildfires or other natural disasters end up paying higher premiums for the benefit of the minority living in high-risk areas.
Steve Raabe: 303-954-1948, firstname.lastname@example.com or twitter.com/steveraabedp
About the blaze
Ignited June 9 by a lightning strike, it was contained by June 30. It was the second-largest wildfire in recorded Colorado history by area burned, after the Hayman Fire of 2002. One person was killed in the fire.
Location: 15 miles west of Fort Collins
Acres burned: 87,250
Buildings destroyed or damaged: 259


text:
Provides a definition of significant figures and lists rules for proper designation of values.
Shows a quick example of converting from miles to other units in order to introduce the importance of significant figures and how to properly use them.
To think critically about a concept by generating questions, developing a prediction, providing evidence from the text, and drawing conclusions from the evidence gathered in a Concept Wedge.
To activate prior knowledge, make personal connections, reflect on key concepts, encourage critical thinking, and assess student knowledge on the topic prior to reading using a Quickwrite.
Find out the concerns about arsenic contamination of apple juice and FDA regulations.
Covers different units used in cooking and the degree of accuracy in measurements.


text:
A Golden Age for Black Hollywood? Stars Share Their Thoughts
What a year to remember. The 2013-2014 film season will undoubtedly go down as a highlight for black TV and film. Lupita Nyong'o won her Oscar as did Steve McQueen, as a producer for "12 Years a Slave," and John Ridley for penning that movie's screenplay.


text:
Icyman2 wrote:Wasn't this no lvl up card at 300+ fixed?
Its not broken. They know there is no level up card for 300+.
According to Logress:
"Right now it tops out at 300. We're discussing adding more. When we do, you'll get anything you missed retroactively."
More cost efficient to have it at 300+ than to give more players more cards. I don't care which happens, I just want one to happen.


text:
Earlier today I actually took a well-deserved break from this guy and went to get a root canal.
I know I'm not the only one who falls asleep on the chair. It's like, the more shit they put in my mouth, the more sleepy I get. And all of a sudden I'm in a magical world, with trees and waterfalls. And look, it's a friendly tiger (is there any other kind?)
And then I woke up and there was frickin' smoke coming out of my mouth. And I wanted to ask if it was normal but I couldn't because obviously I had the entire enchanted forest in my mouth, which was now a volcano in Alaska. So I went back to sleep.
Now here are my adventures in TV Escapism:
Hooray for Lost.
And My Boys is back!
I think Diego's mom is cute, but it could be just the pain killers speaking.
And here's a little something for my Honey:
Okay okay. Here's a little something for Honey:


text:
Halloween Lights
With our Halloween lights, you can cast a dark and luminous sensation across your house, yard, or Halloween party. We offer orange Halloween lights, string lights, and various Halloween light bulbs, so you can always find the ideal lighting for any occasion. Combine our lights with our Halloween party decorations and you will find yourself a proud owner of a terrifyingly frightening Halloween environment.
Halloween parties revolve around immersion, and our Halloween lights seek to increase the immersion of your guests into the Halloween fantasy. With our lights working with your Halloween decorations, your guests will party away the night in a realm of absolute horror and fantasy. Toss in some pumpkin lights and you have a recipe for some spectacular fun.
Lighting is one of the most important aspects of any environment. The right Halloween lights can change the feel of an environment, going from funny to frightening. If you want to add a professional look to your Halloween decorations this year, look through our selection of Halloween lights for that perfect lighting match. Black lights, pumpkin lights, Halloween string lights, we offer it all right here, with a price that remains affordable.


text:
Talk:Pokémon Wiki
Back to page
this wiki
DYK Editor help
Okay, the page editor for standard pages is easy, I don't know how to use the editor for the DYK. And since I don't want to figure it out, could someone put this on for me?
... That Tornadous is the only pure flying type?
I'm gonna be honest here, out of all the wikia wikis this one is by far the worst written wiki I've ever come across, Every article is completely biased, poorly written and contains comepletely unworthy material. Like look at this text from the Black & White anime article, Team Rocket abandons their goofy selves and start to become serious, like what the hell? that text looks like it was written by an 8 year old. Wikis are supposed to be unbiased and represent neutral point of views not by pulling words out of your ***, things here need to change 18.104.22.168 07:45, July 1, 2012 (UTC)
- Another reason why we are moving away from Wikia: to make a fresh start in hopes of finally getting better content. Prior to joining this wiki, I found a lot of articles to be quite messy. I wanted to help out by improving them, although I never was able to get to it. There's a lot of work to put in this wiki, and hopefully in the future, it gets a little better. Bermuda • Triangle • 08:10,7/1/2012
Interlanguage wiki
A new interwiki has been added :) Please insert [[ko:]] into Template:Main Page. Thanks. Cafeinlove, 14:38, July 27, 2012 (UTC)
- What language is this in? Slayingthehalcyon (Talk) 14:39,7/27/2012 4,187
New PMD game!
Hey everyone! There's going to be a new PMD game, for the 3ds. Here's the trailer.Mapsal313 (talk) 18:34, September 27, 2012 (UTC) And it comes out on March 25, 2013
gold problem pokemon boxes
got a strange problem here.
pokemon gold
bills pc
box 1 has 30 pokemon
box 2 has 3 pokemon
if I choose box 2, the game says that box 1 is emtpy
if I choose box 1, the game says that box 2 is empty
pokemon out of box 2 are not visible in the box
what to do?
I used gameshark codes, but I deactivated everything - still no change.
The new pokemon theme tune!
pokemon pokemon gotta gotta gotta catch em all its not easy but weill make it through so goggogogogogogo ...pokemon all kinds all shapes all types all mates poke pokemon! Now go get em all! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 126.96.36.199 (talk • contribs)
Add interlanguage links - administrator needed
Hello, with the addition of new interlanguage links to this site, it's time to have the most important links added: those on the Main Page. I cannot do this, not being an admin on this site. I'll need an administrator to edit Template:Main Page.
[[ca:]] [[de:]] [[es:]] [[fr:]] [[it:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[pt-br:]] [[ro:]] [[ja:ポケモン_Wiki]] [[ko:]]
Those are the interlanguage links that are currently on the Main Page. With the new additions, they should be as follows:
[[ca:]] [[de:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[pt-br:]] [[ro:]] [[bg:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[ru:]] [[tr:]] [[zh:]] [[zh-hk:]]
Thank you for your time, Poké admins. :] Elecbullet (talk) 02:48, January 27, 2013 (UTC)
Pokemon X and Y
After reading my gameinformer I just got today I can happily inform you that Pokemon X and Y is being released sometime in October of this year. Ledgendary pokemon, Yveltal and Xerneas. Starter Pokemon: Froakie{Water-frog}, Chespin{Grass-chimpmunk} and Fennekin{FIre-type}
Yeah, we already know about that - we have the images and info already. Energy X ∞ 19:06, February 9, 2013 (UTC)
So I got this Reuniculus from Pokegts.com and everything was the same old - same old but after a few weeks or so after I recieved it I turned on the game again and entered another battle with it but to my suprise when coming into battle from that point to now it uses the same battle intro of that of a shiny pokemon ( blue tinted screen followed by a golden star ) the thing is it doesnt have the color of the shiny version and even in the process of creating it its shiny value was set as False. This is the only of my pokemon from gts that does that.
P.S. I almost forgot to mention that even in the pokemons summary card it says its not shiny.
If anybody knows why this is please tell me it only started happening after I had it play in PokeStar Studios whic earned about 800billion but I dont think thats why. Its so very strange.
Oops. Can an admin delete the page i just posted please? I was trying to post it on the PokePasta wiki, but it brought me here instead. http://pokemon.wikia.com/wiki/The_Wrath_of_the_Titan My bad.
BladeCrossEXE (talk) 15:29, April 2, 2013 (UTC)BladeCrossEXE
188.8.131.52 14:46, May 7, 2013 (UTC)
This is one of the best places to find pokemon information, is tied with Bulbapedia, but both have one thing that could be better...information about breeding.
Breeding is good way to get strong pokemon,but I ever need help with that, need to know the pokemon egg group and the egg moves that it can learn, it would be better if in every page about a pokemon there was written it's egg group and a kind of link that opens a page with a list of pokemon of that egg group.
Try Serebii Net, they have something like that. Thanks
I want to help, but I'm not a very useful contributer! How many admins do we have? Raise your hands, please! Also, train me! Are we going downhill? This is not a drill! All the pages are stubs... We CAN compete! We NEED to!
3 admins. If you want help, then just ask. Energy X ∞ 20:17, May 7, 2013 (UTC)
"Is Tornadus the only pure flying pokemon?"
yes, only him and Arceus holding Sky Plate
Problems with DPBox
I was using a "instant breeding" and "eggs hatch faster" codes in pokemon pearl to breed some of my strongest pokemon, and then I noted in the "day care checker" that there was an egg, but no pokemon in day care, I went there and took the egg, that soon hatced in a glitch pokemon, then I checked my pokemon but there was nothing there (except other three pokemon of mine), then I continued playing normaly, saved the game and turned off the DS.
Later when I started to play again and when I acessed the PC, there was a "question mark pokemon" in my team, and I couldn't move or do anything about it, then I removed all the other pokemon but that and went to the grass, and when a battle started with a wild pokemon, I sent that Glitch Pokemon I saw before,it was a male,level 0, and HP 0 strange pokemon, and I instantly blacked out.
I couldn't do anything about that pokemon so I started researching, I discovered that his name is DPBox, aGlitch Pokemon that can sometimes appear when you use "instant breeding" code and can only be eliminated by certain codes.
Does anyone know a code to eliminate/replace first slot in party for TTDSi
Main Page
Anyone with the power to, can they sort the mainpage table widths?
The left column is pushing the right one too far, thus it moves below, leaving a massive gap and then pushes the page even further down.
Currently I can see page 1/2 via the left table, but it pushes the Pokemon QA section out and below.
The left column table just needs a resize is all. Few px smaller should do it.
Umm so this is one of the poorest written wikis ever no offenseSsfang (talk) 23:33, August 20, 2013 (UTC)
- Well maybe instead of complaining about it you stretch those fingers and start editing like everyone else is. Rainbow Shifter 17:24, August 21, 2013 (UTC)
halp meh laaawwd!
can you transfer zekrom or victini to x and y in pokemon bank if they are legit? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Zambiteer (talk • contribs)
- Please remember to sign your posts. 04:31, December 4, 2013 (UTC)


text:
Thursday, December 9, 2010
* Preschool At Home: Fine Motor Skills Jingle Bells and Pipe Cleaners Activity
"C" likes to be given challenging little activities and it's handy to have a few tricks up my sleeve
(like this one) when I'm trying to get something done like get dinner on the table before bedtime!
I set her up in her Learning Tower (greatest thing ever!) at the kitchen counter with a work tray.
I set out chunky Jingle Bells (from the Dollar Tree), Sparkly Pipe Cleaners,
and two empty glass Cheese Shaker things.
First she laced each bell onto a pipe cleaner (this was tricky for both of us!)
Then, she poked one end of the pipe cleaner into a hole in the cheese shaker lid.
Then, she decided to poke the other end of each pipe cleaner into another hole.
It held her interest and was really good for her little fine-motor skills!
Why can't three year olds ever do natural smiles for the camera?
It's always the forced smile with Mad-Scientist eyes!!
Her finished project!
Good job kiddo, you practiced your fine motor skills
and momma got the dishwasher unloaded and dinner started!
pink and green mama
Posted by pink and green mama MaryLea
4 comments:
- Kylie said...
Love those giant bells and your nativity is just gorgeous too.
- December 9, 2010 at 4:33 AM
- Mom and Kiddo said...
Love those giant bells! We have a pack of small bells I was considering having my son string on a pipe cleaner. You've convinced me!
- December 9, 2010 at 1:57 PM
- Rebecca said...
LOL, this post cracked me up :) Especially the mad scientist eyes.
- December 9, 2010 at 2:24 PM
- jen at paintcutpaste.com said...
omg, i so hear you about the weird smile eye bulge phase! please tell me it does improve. three is as far as we've gotten over here... it is kind of endearing and cute nonetheless though, right?
sweet activity idea, too!
- December 10, 2010 at 9:04 PM
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)
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text:
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
Topic Overview
Is this topic for you?
This topic is for women who want to learn about or have been diagnosed with dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB). It is related to abnormal changes in hormone levels. If you don't know what kind of bleeding you have, see the topic Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding.
What is dysfunctional uterine bleeding?
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is irregular bleeding from the uterus. For example, you may get your period more often than every 21 days or farther apart than 35 days. Your period may last longer than 7 days. It is not serious, but it can be annoying and can disrupt your life.
In most cases, this problem is related to abnormal changes in hormone levels. It is not caused by other medical conditions, such as miscarriage, fibroids, cancer, or blood clotting problems. Your doctor will rule out these and other causes of vaginal bleeding to confirm that you have dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
What causes dysfunctional uterine bleeding?
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is usually caused by abnormal changes in hormone levels. In some cases the cause of the bleeding isn't known.
Normally one of your ovaries releases an egg during your menstrual cycle. This is called ovulation. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is often triggered when women don't ovulate. This causes abnormal changes in hormone levels and in some cases can lead to unexpected vaginal bleeding.
Women can also get this condition even though they ovulate, although this is less common. Experts don't fully understand this type of vaginal bleeding. It may be caused by changes in certain body chemicals.
What are the symptoms?
You may have dysfunctional uterine bleeding if you have one or more of the following symptoms:
- You get your period more often than every 21 days or farther apart than 35 days. A normal adult menstrual cycle is 21 to 35 days long. A normal teen cycle is 21 to 45 days.
- Your period lasts longer than 7 days (normally 4 to 6 days).
- Your bleeding is heavier than normal. If you are passing blood clots and soaking through your usual pads or tampons each hour for 2 or more hours, your bleeding is considered severe and you should call your doctor.
Talk to your doctor if you have had irregular vaginal bleeding for three or more menstrual cycles or if your symptoms are affecting your daily life.
How is dysfunctional uterine bleeding diagnosed?
Your doctor must first rule out all other causes of vaginal bleeding before diagnosing dysfunctional uterine bleeding. These causes include miscarriage and problems with pregnancy. Vaginal bleeding may also be caused by common conditions, such as uterine fibroids.
Your doctor will ask how often, how long, and how much you have been bleeding. You may also have a pelvic exam, urine test, blood tests, and possibly an ultrasound. These tests will help your doctor check for other causes of your symptoms. He or she may also take a tiny sample (biopsy) of tissue from your uterus for testing.
You have dysfunctional uterine bleeding if, after testing, your doctor finds no other diseases or conditions that are causing your symptoms.
How is it treated?
There are many things you can do to treat dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Some are meant to return the menstrual cycle to normal. Others are used to reduce bleeding or to stop monthly periods. Each treatment works for some women but not others. Treatments include:
- Hormones, such as a progestin pill or daily birth control pill (progestin and estrogen). These hormones help control the menstrual cycle and reduce bleeding and cramping.
- A short course of high-dose estrogen. Estrogen is a hormone that is often used to stop dangerously heavy bleeding.
- Use of the levonorgestrel IUD, which releases a progesterone-like hormone into the uterus. This reduces bleeding while preventing pregnancy.
- Rarely used medicines that stop estrogen production and menstruation, such as gonadotropin-releasing hormones. These drugs can cause severe side effects but are used in special cases.
- Surgery, such as endometrial ablation or hysterectomy, when other treatments do not work.
If you also have menstrual pain or heavy bleeding, you can take regular doses of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), such as ibuprofen.
In some cases, doctors use watchful waiting, or a wait-and-see approach. It may be okay for a teen or for a woman nearing menopause. Some teens have times of irregular vaginal bleeding. This usually gets better over time as hormone levels even out. Women in menopause can expect their periods to stop. They may choose to wait and see if this happens before they try other treatments.
Frequently Asked Questions
Health Tools
Health Tools help you make wise health decisions or take action to improve your health.
|Decision Points focus on key medical care decisions that are important to many health problems.
|Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding: Should I Use Hormone Therapy?
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is irregular vaginal bleeding that is not caused by a serious medical condition.
Normally one of your ovaries releases an egg during your menstrual cycle. This is called ovulation. Most women who have dysfunctional uterine bleeding get it when their ovaries don't release an egg. This can be caused by abnormal hormone changes. When your hormone levels are out of balance, they can affect the lining in your uterus, causing bleeding. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is common before age 20 and after age 40.
Some women have dysfunctional uterine bleeding even though they ovulate. Experts don't fully understand this type of vaginal bleeding. It may be caused by changes in certain body chemicals.
Symptoms of dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) include:
- Vaginal bleeding that occurs more often than every 21 days or farther apart than 35 days (a normal teen menstrual cycle can last up to 45 days).
- Vaginal bleeding that lasts longer than 7 days (normally lasts 4 to 6 days).
- Blood loss of more than 80 mL (3 fl oz) each menstrual cycle [normally about 30 mL (1 fl oz)]. If you are passing blood clots and soaking through your usual pads or tampons each hour for 2 or more hours, your bleeding is considered severe.
Most menstrual blood is lost in the first 3 days of the period. So excessive blood loss is possible without having exceptionally long periods.
The symptoms of DUB can also be signs of another, more serious condition with similar symptoms. If your abnormal vaginal bleeding is undiagnosed, see your doctor.
What Happens
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) occurs most often before age 20 and after age 40.
- Teen years. Some teens have times of irregular vaginal bleeding. This usually gets better over time as hormone levels even out and the menstrual cycle becomes more regular. If you need treatment, your doctor may give you hormones to help regulate your menstrual cycle. He or she may also prescribe medicine to reduce bleeding.
- Reproductive years. Some women in their 20s and 30s have dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Sometimes it's because of abnormal changes in hormone levels. And sometimes the reason is not known. If your doctor rules out serious causes of vaginal bleeding, he or she may diagnose you with dysfunctional uterine bleeding without knowing why it is happening. Your treatment depends on whether you are planning to have children.
- After age 40: Perimenopausal and menopausal years. After age 40, women tend to have changing hormone levels. During this time before your period stops (perimenopause), you may not always ovulate. This can lead to irregular vaginal bleeding. You can expect this bleeding to go away on its own when menopause is complete. Your treatment options depend on your childbearing plans and how much your symptoms affect your daily life. Your doctor may recommend a wait-and-see approach, hormones, or a surgical procedure.
No matter what your age, see your doctor if you have irregular vaginal bleeding.
What Increases Your Risk
Risk factors (things that increase your risk) for dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) include:
- Your age. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is more common in teens, at the beginning of the reproductive years, and in perimenopausal women at the end of their reproductive years.
- Your weight. Overweight women more commonly develop dysfunctional uterine bleeding.1
Some women have dysfunctional uterine bleeding even though they have no risk factors.
When To Call a Doctor
If you have not been diagnosed with dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB), see the topic Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding to find out whether you should see your doctor.
Any big change in menstrual pattern or amount of bleeding that affects your daily life requires evaluation by a doctor. This includes menstrual bleeding for three or more menstrual cycles that:
- Occurs more frequently than every 21 days or farther apart than 35 days (a normal teen menstrual cycle can last up to 45 days).
- Lasts longer than 7 days.
- Consists of more than 80 mL (3 fl oz) of blood lost or involves passing blood clots and soaking through your usual pads or tampons each hour for 2 or more hours.
Watchful waiting
Watchful waiting is a wait-and-see approach. If you have been diagnosed with dysfunctional uterine bleeding, you may consider watchful waiting when:
- A careful exam has revealed no other physical problem or disease.
- Blood loss is not severe enough to cause anemia.
- You prefer to wait and see if your symptoms get better on their own. If you are a teen, you can expect your cycles to even out with time. If you are nearing the age of menopause, you can expect menstrual cycles to stop sometime soon.
Talk to your doctor if you have not had a menstrual period for more than 3 months.
Who to see
Health professionals who can do an initial evaluation of a vaginal bleeding problem include:
If you need to be seen for further evaluation or surgery, your doctor may refer you to a gynecologist.
To prepare for your appointment, see the topic Making the Most of Your Appointment.
Exams and Tests
Your doctor must first rule out all other medical causes of vaginal bleeding before diagnosing dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB).
First tests
First, your doctor will:
- Review your history of symptoms and menstrual periods. (If possible, bring with you a record of the days you had your period, how heavy or light the flow was, and how you felt each day.)
- Conduct a routine pelvic exam.
- Find out whether you are
ovulating regularly. This is done using one or
more of the following:
- A daily record of your symptoms (menstrual calendar)
- A daily basal body temperature chart, if you have been keeping track at home. This charts your at-rest temperature.
- A progesterone test, because low levels during the third week of a menstrual cycle suggest an ovulation problem
- An endometrial biopsy for perimenopausal women, because abnormal endometrial tissue is common in this age group. The endometrial tissue is the lining of the uterus.
Other tests
If your symptoms are severe, your doctor suspects a serious medical problem, or you are considering a certain treatment, you may also have one or more other tests, such as:
- Blood tests, which may include:
- Pregnancy test (human chorionic gonadotropin, or hCG).
- Complete blood count (CBC), to check for signs of disease, infection, and anemia.
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) to check for a thyroid gland problem, which can cause menstrual irregularity.
- Serum prolactin level, to check for a pituitary gland problem, which can interfere with or stop the menstrual cycle.
- Serum ferritin, to check for anemia, a symptom of heavy blood loss.
- Pap smear and cultures to check for infection or abnormal cervical cells.
- Urine test to screen for infection, disease, and other signs of poor health.
- Transvaginal pelvic ultrasound, to check for any abnormalities in the pelvic area. After the pelvic exam, a transvaginal ultrasound is often the next step in diagnosing a vaginal bleeding problem. If a pelvic mass is found, ultrasound results are useful for making further testing and treatment decisions.
- Sonohysterogram, which uses ultrasound to monitor the movement of a salt solution (saline), which is injected into the uterus. This test may be done to look for uterine polyps or fibroids.
- Endometrial biopsy, usually for women older than 35 or who are postmenopausal, to learn whether the lining of the uterus (endometrium) is healthy and functioning normally.
- Hysteroscopy, if no cause is apparent but a problem condition is suspected; to check for and treat a suspected condition, such as uterine fibroids; or if bleeding continues despite treatment.
Early detection
Endometrial cancer risk increases with age. Also known as uterine cancer, it is most common in women over age 50, after menopause. But endometrial cancer can also develop earlier, during perimenopause or in women who have had abnormal bleeding for many years.
- If you have heavy or unusual vaginal bleeding after menopause, your doctor will do tests, usually either ultrasound or endometrial biopsy, to look for cancerous cell changes.
- If you are perimenopausal, have not responded to other treatment for uterine bleeding, or have things that increase your risk for endometrial cancer, your doctor may recommend an endometrial biopsy.
Treatment Overview
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) can usually be managed with medicine to reduce bleeding and/or hormone therapy to either stop or regulate menstrual periods. Surgical treatment is reserved for bleeding that can't be controlled with medicine or hormone therapy.
Acute, severe uterine bleeding
Severe uterine bleeding is usually treated on an emergency basis with a short course of high-dose estrogen therapy. If that isn't effective in rare cases, a dilation and curettage (D&C) may be done to clear the uterus of tissue. When needed, a blood transfusion is used to quickly restore needed blood volume.
If you are treated for severe uterine bleeding, you and your doctor can then choose a treatment that is safe for the longer term.
Ongoing uterine bleeding
Your age, the cause of your condition, and any future plans for pregnancy will impact the treatment choices available to you.
- If you are a teen, you can expect your periods to become more regular as your body matures. You may choose to wait and see if your periods become more regular. If you need treatment, your doctor may prescribe progestin or birth control pills to regulate your cycle.
- If you are not ovulating regularly, it's difficult to predict how long your irregular bleeding will last until you stop having periods completely (menopause). If you need treatment, your doctor may give you hormone therapy (such as birth control pills or a hormonal IUD) to regulate your cycle. If you have no future childbearing plans and have severe symptoms, you can opt for surgical treatment to remove your uterus (hysterectomy) or to destroy the uterine lining (endometrial ablation).
- If you are ovulating regularly, have irregular vaginal bleeding, and plan to become pregnant in the future, talk to your doctor about your treatment options. He or she may recommend oral progestin and/or birth control pills until your bleeding becomes more regular. If you have no future pregnancy plans, you can consider endometrial ablation or hysterectomy if other treatment doesn't help.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRH-As) are rarely used now. These drugs reduce estrogen production, making your body think it is in menopause. This reduces or stops menstrual periods for as long as you take the medicine. After you stop taking the medicine, your symptoms will come back unless you are close to menopause. Side effects with GnRH-As are common.
A medicine called tranexamic acid (such as Lysteda) is sometimes used for women who have bleeding that is heavier than normal. This medicine is not a hormone. It prevents bleeding by helping blood to clot. Talk to your doctor to find out if this option is right for you.
For more information about treatment options, see:
What to think about
If you are thinking of getting treatment for dysfunctional uterine bleeding, evaluate the following:
- Has irregular menstrual bleeding caused a significant change in your lifestyle?
- Do you plan to become pregnant in the future?
- Do you have anemia caused by irregular menstrual bleeding?
- Do you want a treatment that will also provide birth control?
- Do you prefer to avoid medical treatment if possible?
- Will you be starting menopause soon? If you are approaching menopause, you can expect uterine bleeding to naturally stop without treatment.
The answers to these questions will help you and your doctor select the treatment plan that is best for you.
Usually dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) results from unpredictable hormonal changes, so it cannot be prevented. But being overweight can affect your hormone production, which increases your risk for irregular menstrual bleeding. If you are overweight, losing weight may help prevent dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
Home Treatment
You can use home treatment for some problems related to dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB).
For menstrual pain and heavy bleeding, you can use a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), such as over-the-counter ibuprofen. This type of medicine lowers prostaglandins, which cause menstrual pain, and reduces bleeding during your period. An NSAID works best when you start taking it 1 to 2 days before you expect pain to start. If you don't know when your period will start next, take your first dose of an NSAID as soon as bleeding or premenstrual pain starts. Take regular doses of the NSAID, as directed.
Irregular menstrual bleeding can lead to low levels of iron in the blood. This condition is known as anemia. You can prevent anemia by increasing the amount of iron in your diet.
Treating dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) with medicines has fewer risks but doesn't always work as well as surgical treatment. If you plan to become pregnant in the future, or if you are nearing the time when your menstrual periods will stop (menopause), you may want to try medicines first.
Goals of medicine treatment
The goal of medicine treatment for dysfunctional uterine bleeding is to reduce or eliminate blood loss. This can be done in one or both of the following ways:
- Reducing the endometrium's rate of blood loss
- Regulating or eliminating the menstrual cycle by changing hormonal levels
Medication choices
There are several hormone therapies for managing dysfunctional uterine bleeding. These treatments help reduce bleeding and regulate the menstrual cycle:
- Birth control pills (synthetic estrogen and progesterone). Daily birth control pills prevent pregnancy. They also reduce the amount of heavy menstrual bleeding by about half.2 In other words, when you take birth control pills, your menstrual bleeding can be half as heavy as it was before you took the pills. But when you stop taking the pills, irregular bleeding or perimenopausal symptoms may return.
- Progestin pills (synthetic progesterone). In some women, progestins can control endometrial growth and bleeding. You usually take progestins 10 to 12 days every month.
- The levonorgestrel intrauterine device (IUD). A doctor inserts this birth control device into your uterus through your vagina. It stays in your body for up to 5 years and releases levonorgestrel, a form of progesterone, into the uterus.
- Estrogen. In some severe or urgent cases, estrogen may be used to reduce bleeding.
- Hormone suppressors such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRH-As). GnRH-As are rarely used. These drugs reduce estrogen production, making your body think it is in menopause. This reduces or stops menstrual periods for as long as you take the medicine. Side effects with GnRH-As are common.
A medicine called tranexamic acid (such as Lysteda) is sometimes used for women who have bleeding that is heavier than normal. This medicine is not a hormone. It prevents bleeding by helping blood to clot. Talk to your doctor to find out if this option is right for you.
What to think about
Intravenous estrogen therapy is typically used when severe blood loss must be quickly stopped.
Surgery is generally reserved for treating dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) that can't be controlled with medicine.
Surgery choices
The following procedures are used to treat dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
- Hysteroscopy can be used to diagnose and treat dysfunctional uterine bleeding at the same time. A lighted viewing instrument called a hysteroscope is inserted through the vagina and cervix and into the uterus. When areas of bleeding are located, biopsies can be taken and then the areas of bleeding can be treated with either a laser beam or electric current (electrocautery).
- Hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus. It may be done when a sample of the uterine lining (endometrial biopsy) shows abnormal cell changes or cancer, when uterine bleeding is uncontrollable, or when the cause of chronic bleeding cannot be found and treated. A hysterectomy is a major surgery with risks of complications. Recovery from surgery can take 4 to 8 weeks, depending on the type of hysterectomy done. If the ovaries are also removed, you may need to take long-term estrogen therapy after surgery.
- Endometrial ablation is a minimally invasive alternative to hysterectomy when other medical treatments fail or when you or your doctor have reasons for not using other treatments. Endometrial ablation scars the uterine lining, so it is not a treatment option if you are planning to become pregnant.
What to think about
Hysteroscopy may be done to rule out serious uterine conditions:
- Before long-term treatment with medicines or surgical treatment for dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
- When uterine bleeding has continued despite nonsurgical treatment.
Hysterectomy may be used as surgical treatment for dysfunctional uterine bleeding when:
- Dysfunctional uterine bleeding does not respond to medicine or other treatment.
- Childbearing is completed and you do not wish to try treatment with medicine.
- Symptoms of dysfunctional uterine bleeding outweigh the risks and discomforts of surgery.
Regrowth of the endometrium may occur after you have endometrial ablation.
Other Places To Get Help
|American Academy of Family Physicians: FamilyDoctor.org
|P.O. Box 11210
|Shawnee Mission, KS 66207-1210
|(913) 906-6075
|Web Address:
The website FamilyDoctor.org is sponsored by the American Academy of Family Physicians. It offers information on adult and child health conditions and healthy living. There are topics on medicines, doctor visits, physical and mental health issues, parenting, and more.
|American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG)
|409 12th Street SW
|P.O. Box 70620
|Washington, DC 20024-9998
|(202) 638-5577
|Web Address:
American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) is a nonprofit organization of professionals who provide health care for women, including teens. The ACOG Resource Center publishes manuals and patient education materials. The Web publications section of the site has patient education pamphlets on many women's health topics, including reproductive health, breast-feeding, violence, and quitting smoking.
|Office on Women's Health
|Department of Health and Human Services
|200 Independence Avenue, SW Room 712E
|Washington, DC 20201
(202) 690-7650
|(202) 205-2631
|Web Address:
The Office on Women's Health is a service of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It provides women's health information to a variety of audiences, including consumers, health professionals, and researchers.
Related Information
- Fritz MA, Speroff L (2011). Abnormal uterine bleeding. In Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility, 8th ed., pp. 591–620. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
- Lobo RA (2007). Abnormal uterine bleeding: Ovulatory and anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding, management of acute and chronic excessive bleeding. In VL Katz et al., eds., Comprehensive Gynecology, 5th ed., pp. 915–931. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier.
Other Works Consulted
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2007, reaffirmed 2009). Endometrial ablation. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 81. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 109(5): 1233–1248.
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2011). Intrauterine device. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 121. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 118(1): 184–196.
- Duckitt K, Collins S (2008). Menorrhagia, search date October 2007. Online version of BMJ Clinical Evidence: http://www.clinicalevidence.com.
- Goldstein SR (2008). Abnormal uterine bleeding. In RS Gibbs et al., eds., Danforth's Obstetrics and Gynecology, 10th ed., pp. 664–671. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
- Hillard P (2007). Benign diseases of the female reproductive tract. In JS Berek, ed., Berek and Novak's Gynecology, 14th ed., pp. 431–504. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
- Kalan MJ (2010). Abnormal and dysfunctional uterine bleeding: Treatment. In T Goodwine et al., eds., Management of Common Problems in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 5th ed., pp. 261–266. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
|Healthwise Staff
|Primary Medical Reviewer
|Kirtly Jones, MD - Obstetrics and Gynecology
|Specialist Medical Reviewer
|Femi Olatunbosun, MB, FRCSC - Obstetrics and Gynecology
|Last Revised
|January 27, 2012
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by Layar
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Developer Notes
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Layar — A neat travel app featuring deals from Groupon, reviews from yelp, street art and a wealth of fun activities. Very smart and well done. Recommend!


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Credit: © WPA Pool/Getty Images
Duchess Of Cambridge (Nov 8th, 2012)
The Duchess of Cambridge sported classic waves and a center part at a reception and dinner in England.
Styling Tip
Step 1: Blow dry two-inch sections with a round brush while turning the brush several times, adding a slight roundness to the length.
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Step 3: Run fingers through hair to loosen curls and mist with hairspray.Try on celebrity hairstyles in the Makeover Studio!


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If you are a registered user, please enter your ART portal username and password.
The member price is for churches and organizations that have paid either a $99 or a $249 registration fee.
To learn more and to enjoy all the benefits that come with a Classic and Prime registration, go to awana.org/prime.
Each book contains 30 lessons that correspond with topics in the Ultimate Adventure Series.
Estas lecciones corresponden a los manuales de T&T Ultimate Adventure.


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May 5, 2016
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Coach Hittsman joins the Bells program after winning a state championship for the first time at Caddo. Hittsman will bring his spread offense to a team that will be hungry for big turn-around after finishing 1-4.
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The Jurisprudence of the World Court: A Case by Case Commentary, Volume 1
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The Permanent Court of International Justice 19261930
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Malia Collection by Feiss
Adorned with silver jewels, the sparkly lamps in the Malia Collection by Feiss is perfect for your dining room or living room. The polished nickel finish gives each lamp a modern look. Ranging from six-light chandeliers to wall sconces, these fixtures add style no matter where it is. Brighten your home with a Malia lamp today.


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ShakeDry: More Than Just Swim Trunks
Can our ShakeDry™ Cargo Board Shorts stand up to an active vacation in paradise? That's what Ian, the designer of the shorts, wanted to test when he packed for his 20-day trip to a remote island in Indonesia last year. As it turned out, our ShakeDry Shorts were practically the only shorts he needed to pack.
The name says it all: ShakeDry. Our most popular swimming trunks, they dry lickety-split so you will be comfortable quicker and there's no need to change before the car ride home. But what Ian wanted to road test was how the shorts would hold up during a trip with multiple activities and few opportunities for wardrobe changes.
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Write, solve, and graph on a number line compound inequalities.
How to solve problems where two inequalities are joined together.
This video demonstrates a sample use of the graphs of compound inequalities.
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A list of student-submitted discussion questions for Compound Inequalities.
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Come up with questions about a topic and learn new vocabulary to determine answers using the table
Students will be introduced to the concept of compound inequalities to some basic applications they see in everyday life.
This study guide gives an overview of compound inequalities: how to solve them and how to plot the solutions on a number line.


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|ISSN 1088-6834(online) ISSN 0894-0347(print)
Functoriality for the exterior square of and the symmetric fourth of
Abstract | References | Similar Articles | Additional Information
Abstract: In this paper we prove the functoriality of the exterior square of cusp forms on as automorphic forms on and the symmetric fourth of cusp forms on as automorphic forms on . We prove these by applying a converse theorem of Cogdell and Piatetski-Shapiro to analytic properties of certain -functions obtained by the Langlands-Shahidi method. We give several applications: First, we prove the weak Ramanujan property of cuspidal representations of and the absolute convergence of the exterior square -functions of . Second, we prove that the fourth symmetric power -functions of cuspidal representations of are entire, except for those of dihedral and tetrahedral type. Third, we prove the bound for Hecke eigenvalues of Maass forms over any number field.
References to Appendix 1
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Retrieve articles in Journal of the American Mathematical Society with MSC (2000): 11F30, 11F70, 11R42
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Maine Democrats are crying foul over what they claim is a major violation of the state's Clean Election Act. Ben Grant, the party's state chair, says Republican Sen. Nichi Farnham is a key officer of a GOP political action committee that has spent more than $70,000 on ads targeting her Democratic opponent. Because Farnham is running a publicly-financed campaign, Grant says her PAC involvement violates the election laws that she oversees as chair of the Veterans and Legal Affairs Committee. A.J. Higgins has more.
No one is contesting that Republican state Sen. Nichi Farnham of Bangor has been a key officer in a GOP political action committee since February. But Republican leaders insist that Farnham was ever involved in any of the decisions that led to the PAC pending more than $70,000 on ads opposing her Democratic rival, Dr. Geoffrey Gratwick.
"Let's be honest, Nichi Farnham is a class person," says Charlie Webster, state chair of the Maine Republican Party. Webster says Farnham stepped forward in February to lend her name to the PAC but never participated in any discussions about how the money raised would be spent. He says Democrats have taken a cheap shot by going to the Maine Ethics Commission with an allegation they can't prove.
"She's not involved in any of the decision making," Webster says. "It's just unfortunate that they would do that. It's not dignified. She's not someone who would do anything that wasn't above board, and it's just unfortunate that this is what politics comes down to sometimes. I mean the Democrats know she wouldn't have been involved in this, and it's unfortunate that they would make such a claim."
But Democratic State Chairman Ben Grant says it's up to Farnham to explain to the Ethics Commission how she could serve as an officer of a PAC that designates her as a "primary fundraiser and decision maker." He says Farnham's claims of non-involvement and the party's assertions that the failure to remove her name from the PAC's registration filing was a clerical oversight just don't pass the straight-face test.
"There's only one of two possible things that's happened here: Either Nichi Farnham is completely cavalier about what she will sign up for, attach her name to, and attach her name to something that has specific and significant legal consequences - i.e., running the PAC here in Maine. Or she just simply lying right now," Grant says.
Republicans say they are confidant that a signed affidavit from Farnham should resolve the issue. But Democrats say the investigation could should also reveal that the senator conspired to violate the law, which is a criminal offense in Maine.
Tom Porter: And with us now to follow up is MPBN State House Bureau Chief A.J. Higgins. So A.J., it looks like things are starting to heat up in Maine's legislative races, what's at stake for Maine voters this fall?
A.J. Higgins: Well Tom, Democrats certainly upped the ante today and they hope to block the airing of these ads against the Democratic senate candidate in Bangor. But the larger issue of course is whether Republicans will be able to retain control of the Senate and the House where they have been able to implement a significant portion of GOP Gov. Paul LePage's agenda. The Republicans hold a tenuous grip on power - remember LePage squeaked into office with 38 percent of the vote, House Republicans only hold a seven seat advantage and just six in the Senate. Although most of my sources seem to think the Republican majority in the Senate is somewhat secure, others say that both houses could be in play. And the loss of even one chamber could bring GOP plans for tax breaks and health care rollbacks to a halt.
Tom Porter: Are both parties digging deep for campaign spending this year?
A.J. Higgins: It's hard to tell if it will be a banner year for spending on legislative races. To date the two largest PACs have raised nearly $300,000 together, but we should know more by Friday when campiagn finance reports are due.
Tom Porter: And how would you characterize the legislative campaign season thus far?
A.J. Higgins: It's been fairly low-key with the exception of some unexpected developments, We had the unfortunate and untimely death of Republican House candidate Daniel Bates in Gardiner's House District 59. I'm told party officials are hoping to field a replacement candidate. Then David Burke, an independent candidate running for House District 146 in South Berwick was arrested on a domestic violence charge. And finally, Republicans are trying to make hay out of Waterville Democratic candidate Colleen Lachowicz's fantasy life as a knife-weilding orc or something in the online role-playing game World of Warcraft.
Tom Porter: Well keep up the good work, A.J.
A.J. Higgins: I'm trying, Tom.


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Title Proposal Writing Institute
Agency Council on Undergraduate Research (CUR)
Due May 24, 2014
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Summary The institute assists novice to experienced proposal writers in drafting complete proposals for submission. The four-day institute will consist of one-on-one work with a mentor, writing, small group discussions, and critiquing of proposals. Applicants must submit a one to two paragraph outline of their proposal and the name of the intended funding agency and/or program in the on-line application.
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I know its not even Thanksgiving yet, but we are planning ahead.
With most everyone having less to spend this year we want to make sure every gift dollar counts.
What suggestions do you have for children and adults for presents that are really worth what they cost?
I will publish all reasonable ideas as I get them and will let folks vote for their favorite.