text:
Varicose veins are swollen, twisted, painful veins that have filled with blood.
Sclerotherapy; Laser therapy - varicose veins; Radiofrequency vein ablation; Endovenous thermal ablation; Ambulatory phlebectomy; Transilluminated power phlebotomy; Endovenous laser ablation; Varicose vein therapy
Varicose veins usually develop in the legs. They often stick out and are blue in color.
The following treatments for varicose veins can be done in a doctor's office or clinic. You will receive local anesthesia to numb your leg. You will be awake, but will not feel pain.
Sclerotherapy works best for spider veins. These are small varicose veins.
Laser treatment can be used on the surface of the skin. Small bursts of light make small varicose veins disappear.
Phlebectomy treats surface varicose veins. Very small cuts are made near the damaged vein. Then the vein is removed. One method uses a light under the skin to guide treatment.
This may be done along with other procedures, such as ablation.
Ablation uses intense heat to treat the vein. There are two methods. One uses radiofrequency energy and the other uses laser energy. During these procedures:
Your doctor may recommend varicose vein therapy to treat:
These treatments are generally safe. Ask your doctor about specific problems that you might have.
The risks for any anesthesia are:
The risks for any procedure are:
The risks of varicose vein therapy are:
Always tell your doctor or nurse:
You may need to stop taking aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), warfarin (Coumadin), and other medicines that make it hard for your blood to clot.
Your legs will be wrapped with bandages to control swelling and bleeding for 2 to 3 days after your treatment.
You should be able to start normal activities within 1 to 2 days after treatment. You will need to wear compression stockings during the day for 1 week after treatment.
Your doctor may check your leg using ultrasound a few days after treatment to make sure the vein is sealed.
These treatments reduce pain and improve the appearance of the leg. They usually cause very little scarring, bruising, or swelling.
Wearing compression stockings will help prevent the problem from returning.
Freischlag JA, Heller JA. Venous disease. In: Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 19th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Saunders; 2012:chap 65.
Goldman MP, Guex JJ, Weiss RA. Sclerotherapy: Treatment of Varicose and Telangiectatic Leg Veins. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Saunders; 2011.
Nijsten T, van den Bos RR, Goldman MP, et al. Minimally invasive techniques in the treatment of saphenous varicose veins. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;60:110-119.
Saint Agnes Medical Center | 1303 E. Herndon Ave. Fresno, CA 93720 | 559-450-3000


text: Bell Helmet Size Charts SIZING CHARTS HOW TO PROPERLY FIT A MOTORCYCLE HELMET A helmet is to a motorcycle rider as a seat belt is to a vehicle driver. Motorcycle helmets are an important piece of safety equipment that could help protect and/or possibly save a motorcycle rider's life. Finding a helmet is more than just a matter of buying one that fits your head size--finding the right fit is most important. Follow these instructions to learn how to get the best fit for your motorcycle helmet. Please note that motorcycle helmets are intended for motorcycle and ATV use only. Cycle Gear believes that a properly fit helmet is so important to the safety of every rider that we have a 7 Day No Hassle Helmet Exchange Policy. Instructions Helmet Size 1. Use your hat size or an old helmet size as a starting point to properly fit a helmet. If a hat size or a prior helmet size is unknown, measuring the head can be an alternative starting point to the helmet sizing process. Due to varying shapes, heads that are apparently the same size when measured by a tape may not necessarily fit the same size motorcycle helmet. So remember, this is a rough guide, a starting point, and depending upon your head shape, this step alone may not provide a perfect fit. The goal is to measure the largest circumference of your head. Start about 1" above your eyebrows in front, and at a point in the back of the head that results in the largest possible measurement. Take several measurements, to make sure you have the largest one then consult the following chart as a guideline. Each brand of helmets will have their own fitment charts, which may vary slightly from brand to brand. ADULT (excluding Shorty and Drifter) SIZEXSSMLXLXXL (in) 20 ⅞-21 ¼ 21 ⅝-22 22 ⅜-22 ¾ 23 ¼-23 ⅝ 24-24 ⅜ 24 ¾-25 ¼ (cm) 53-54 55-56 57-58 59-60 61-62 63-64 Note: Measuring your head for fit is only a starting point and by itself will not provide a proper fit. The actual fit of the helmet is critically important and is described in great detail in the steps below. Try-On 2. Try your helmet on. Hold the helmet in front of you. The helmet bottom should face you with the front pointing down. Hold the inside of the straps with your thumbs and balance the helmet on your fingertips. Slightly spread the sides of the helmet apart as you slip it over your head. 3. Make sure the helmet sits squarely on your head. There should be no movement. 4. Give your head a shake to ensure that the helmet does not shift around or slide off your head. 5. If you wear glasses while riding, make sure the helmet fits properly over and around them. 6. If there is a gap between the inside ceiling of the helmet and the top of your head or if there are "pressure points", the helmet is too small. 7. Fasten the straps securely. Your helmet should fit snugly on your head. The helmet may even feel too tight until it is in place correctly on your head. 8. Check to make sure the cheek pads touch your cheeks but are not pressing uncomfortably. 9. Check to make sure that there are no gaps between your temples and brow pads. 10. If your helmet has a neck roll, make sure that it does not push the helmet away from the back of your neck. Make sure the neck roll is not pushing the helmet away at the rear, causing it to roll down over your eyes in front. The helmet should make contact with your neck. 11. For a full-coverage helmet, press on the chin piece. The helmet or face shield should not touch your nose or chin, as the wind pressure from the ride will do the same. This may cause discomfort and can compromise your safety. Check Horizontal and Vertical Movement 12. Once you've ensured the proper fit, move the helmet from side to side and up and down using your hands. Hold your head steady while you do this. You should feel a gentle, uniform pressure all over your head from the helmet. Note any movement of the skin while doing this, as well as the amount of resistance to movement. Note: A properly fitted motorcycle helmet will cause the skin to move as the helmet moves. And, it will feel to the wearer as if evenly distributed pressure is being continuously exerted around the head. 13. Note that this test may be a little uncomfortable, but it is a very important one. Keep your head straight and steady with the chin strap tightly fastened. Reach over the top of the helmet, grabbing the bottom edge with your fingers. Then try to roll the helmet off your head. If it comes off, it is undoubtedly too large. Try the same thing from the front by putting your hands on the chin bar and try to roll the helmet over your head. If the helmet starts to come off in either direction, try a smaller size. Note: Do not use a helmet that can be rolled off the head with the strap fastened! Try not to cause severe pain, but do give a good, strong pull on the helmet. THIS TEST IS VERY IMPORTANT!! Confirm Proper Fit 14. Take off your helmet. Check to see if there are any sore or red spots on your head. These are indicative of "pressure points" caused by the helmet's fit, which can be uncomfortable and cause headaches while riding. If you find any, this is not the right helmet for you. If there are "pressure points", try the next helmet size up or a different brand. Note: Helmets are like shoes, in that they do break in a little. For this reason, the best attitude to have when fitting is that the helmet should be as tight fitting as possible – taking into consideration the length of time it will be worn. 15. One way to confirm your evaluation of proper fit is to try on motorcycle helmets that are one size larger and one size smaller than the one you think is right. Keep in mind that people gravitate towards larger sizes, so don't be afraid to go smaller and snugger as long as the helmet is comfortable and fits the type of riding you do. 16. Wear the helmet around the store or your home a while and see how comfortable it is over time. A properly fitting helmet is critical to your safety! Cycle Gear Return Policy 17. Cycle Gear believes that a properly fit helmet is extremely important to the safety of every rider and to highlight that fact, Cycle Gear has a 7 Day No Hassle Helmet Exchange Policy. For 7 days after receipt, if for any reason you feel your helmet does not fit properly, return it to Cycle Gear. To return your newly purchased helmet: simply bring the helmet in original condition and packaging to any Cycle Gear Store where our team members will gladly assist you. If you bought online and wish to return your helmet to cyclegear.com for an exchange, give us a call and we will provide you with a shipping label . Ongoing Helmet Safety The fit of your helmet will change over time, so you must regularly check that your helmet fits properly. Here are several things to look for: - The foam lining will compact over time and may become loose. Periodically review steps 2-16 above to re-confirm the proper fit of your helmet. - Hair style changes can also affect the fit of your helmet. If you significantly alter your hair style, you should review steps 2-16 to re-confirm the properfit of your helmet. Wear and Tear: Over time, general wear and tear will eventually reduce your helmet's ability to absorb impacts. Most manufacturers recommend that you replace your helmet every 4-5 years. Damage: Dropping or damaging a helmet in any way could make a helmet unsafe. The helmet is designed to absorb shock by partial destruction of the shell and/or liner. This damage may not be visible. Therefore, if subjected to a severe blow, the helmet should be replaced even if it is apparently undamaged. Your helmet should either be replaced or inspected by the helmet manufacturer under these conditions: - If your helmet has been dropped or damaged - If damage has penetrated the paint, graphics, or exterior coating - The interior liner or retention system has become loose due to use or shows any sign of deterioration - The EPS foam liner shows dents or scratches Helmet Care and Maintenance WARNING: Only use a cleaner designed for motorcycle helmets. NEVER USE: - Petrochemicals - Glass cleaners - Ammonia - Bleach - Gasoline - Paint thinner - Benzene - Acetone - Bug repellant - Acid-based, alkali-based or any other harsh cleaners or solvent Keep helmet away from fumes of such products. Use of those or similar products and their fumes can cause damage to the helmet's shell, visor, interior comfort liner, protective EPS foam and other components. This damage may not be visible. Wearing a damaged helmet may increase your risk of serious injury or death in an accident. NEVER modify a helmet in any way. This includes, but is not limited to: - Drilling holes - Cutting the shell, liner or strap - Modifying the retention system including adding a chin cup or quick release mechanism - Removing parts - Painting - Attaching accessories that are not made specifically for the make and model of helmet - Cutting or removing rubber trim - Removal or modification of the EPS foam ALWAYS - Store helmet in a cool dry place - Keep helmet away from pets and other animals - Keep helmet away from heat in excess of 120° F - Do not set on or near hot surfaces Face Shield Clean the face shield on a regular basis. It is best –and easiest- to remove bugs and dirt immediately after use. Remove the visor from the helmet before cleaning. Use a cleaner designed for use on helmet visors or use warm water, non-abrasive hand or dish soap and a clean soft cloth. Use only slight pressure to remove dirt. Blot dry. Do not use paper products or paper towels to clean or dry the face shield. Before reinstalling the face shield inspect the shield base plates. Clean and adjust as needed. Interior Interior Comfort Liner Cleaning the helmet's interior liner with motorcycle helmet cleaner can help reduce odor caused by bacteria and mildew as well as keep your helmet feeling and smelling fresh. Non-Removable Liner Be very careful when cleaning non-removable helmet liners. Improper cleaning may damage the adhesives that hold the liner in place. It is best to use a cleaner designed for washing motorcycle helmet liners. Thoroughly rinse any cleaning agent. Gently hand-wash the liner. Blot with a clean cloth or towel to absorb as much water as possible and then air dry. Removable Liners Remove the liner from the helmet. Use a cleaner designed for washing motorcycle helmet liners or use a mild shampoo. Gently hand-wash the liner. Thoroughly rinse any cleaning agent. Blot with a clean cloth or towel to absorb as much water as possible and then air dry. Do not put liner in the dryer. Interior safety EPS foam Use extreme care cleaning this impact absorbing part of the helmet. The EPS foam can be easily damaged. Press very softly and use only warm water and a damp cloth. Blot dry with a soft cloth or towel. Never apply heat or solvents. Exterior (outer) Shell Gloss Finish Use a cleaner designed for motorcycle helmet shells or use warm water, non-abrasive hand or dish soap and a clean soft cloth. Use only slight pressure to remove dirt. Blot dry. Do not use paper products to clean or dry. Non-Gloss or Flat/Matte Finish Use warm water, non-abrasive hand or dish soap and a clean soft cloth. Use only slight pressure to remove dirt. Blot dry. Do not use paper products or paper towels to clean or dry your helmet, as they will scratch it. Excessive pressure, using other cleaning agents, waxes or polish may alter the finish to look wet or glossy. Vent Cleaning Dirt and debris can find its way into the venting of the helmet. Remove the interior liner if possible. Use a compressed air can typically used to clean computer keyboards. Do not use high-pressure air. The compressed air should blow the dirt and debris out of the vent.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Power of Independent Thinking
What Should the Fed Be Doing? Myths, Current Strategies and Alternatives
Recorded: Monday, November 12, 2012
Research Fellow David Beckworth, editor of Boom and Bust Banking, and Research Fellow Scott Sumner, contributor to Boom and Bust Banking, discuss the role of the Fed.
Experts: David Beckworth, Scott SumnerType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Banking and Finance, Bureaucracy and Government, Business, Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economic Policy, Fiscal Policy/Debt, Free Market Economics, Regulation and Deregulation
Is Wal-Mart Good or Bad for America? A Debate
Recorded: Tuesday, May 8, 2007
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Wal-Marts detractors argue that Wal-Mart reduces living standards, hurts retail trade, disrupts communities, and relies on government programs to provide healthcare for many of its workers. Is Wal-Mart a force for good or evil?
Experts: Ken Jacobs, Richard K. VedderType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Business, Labor and Employment, Regulation and Deregulation


text:
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- This article deals specifically with IgE-mediated hypersensitivity. For other types of allergic or hypersensitive reactions see the main article: Hypersensitivity
This is a background article. See Psychological factors in allergic reactions
- Main article: Allergic disorders
The word "allergy" was coined by the Viennese pediatrician Clemens von Pirquet in 1906.[1] Pirquet noted that some of his patients were hypersensitive to normally innocuous entities such as dust, pollen, or certain foods. He called this phenomenon "allergy", from the Greek words allos meaning "other" and ergon meaning "work".[2]
Historically, all forms of hypersensitivity were classified as allergies, and all thought to be caused by an improper activation of the antibody class called Immunoglobulin E (IgE)[How to reference and link to summary or text]. Later, it became clear that several different disease mechanisms were implicated, with the common link between these varying hypersensitivities being a disordered activation of the immune system in one way or another. A new classification scheme was designed by P. Gell and R. Coombs[How to reference and link to summary or text] to reflect what were then rebaptized hypersensitivity reactions. The word "allergy" was then restricted to type I hypersensitivities, which are caused by the classical IgE mechanism.
Type I hypersensitivity is characterised by excessive activation of mast cells and basophils by IgE, resulting in a systemic inflammatory response that can result in symptoms as benign as a runny nose, to life-threatening anaphylactic shock and death.
Knowing any allergies that a patient may have is important in a clinical setting. Full allergy history is taken down when obtaining a medical history of a patient. This ensures that no contradictory treatments be prescribed to the danger of the patient.[How to reference and link to summary or text]
Allergy is a very common disorder and more than 50 million Americans suffer from allergic diseases. Allergies are the sixth leading cause of chronic disease in the United States, costing the health care system $18 billion annually. In fact, 60% of people with allergies are said to develop asthma as well.[3]
Signs and symptoms
Allergy is a local or systemic inflammatory response to allergens. Local symptoms are:
- Nose: swelling of the nasal mucosa (allergic rhinitis)
- Eyes: redness and itching of the conjunctiva (allergic conjunctivitis)
- Airways: bronchoconstriction, wheezing and dyspnoea, sometimes outright attacks of asthma, in severe cases the airway constricts due to swelling known as anaphylaxis.
- Ears: feeling of fullness, possibly pain, and impaired hearing due to the lack of eustachian tube drainage.
- Skin: various rashes, such as eczema, hives (urticaria) and contact dermatitis.
- Head: while not as common, headaches are seen in some with environmental or chemical allergies.
Systemic allergic response is also called anaphylaxis; multiple systems can be affected including the digestive system, the respiratory system, and the circulatory system. Depending of the rate of severity, it can cause cutaneous reactions, bronchoconstriction, edema, hypotension, coma and even death. This type of reaction can be triggered suddenly or the onset can be delayed. The severity of this type of allergic response often requires injections of epinephrine, through a device known as the Epi-Pen auto-injector. The nature of anaphylaxis is such that the reaction can seemingly be subsiding, but may recur throughout a prolonged period of time.
Hay fever is one example of an exceedingly common[How to reference and link to summary or text] minor allergy — large percentages of the population suffer from hayfever symptoms in response to airborne pollen. Asthmatics are often allergic to dust mites. Apart from ambient allergens, allergic reactions can be result from foods, insect stings and reactions to medications.
There are several methods for the diagnosis and assessment of allergies.
Skin testing
The typical and most simple[How to reference and link to summary or text] method of diagnosis and monitoring of Type I Hypersensitivity is by skin testing, also known as "scratch testing" and "prick testing" due to the series of pricks and/or scratches made into the patient's skin. Small amounts of suspected allergens and/or their extracts (pollen, grass, mite proteins, peanut extract, etc.) are introduced to sites on the skin marked with pen or dye (the ink/dye should be carefully selected, lest it cause an allergic response itself). The allergens are either injected intradermally or into small scratchings made into the patient's skin, often with a lancet. Common areas for testing include the inside forearm and the back. If the patient is allergic to the substance, then a visible inflammatory reaction will usually occur within 30 minutes. This response will range from slight reddening of the skin to full-blown hives in extremely sensitive patients.
After performing the skin test and receiving results, the doctor may apply a steroid cream, also known as corticosteriods, to the test area to reduce discomfort (such as itching and inflammation)[How to reference and link to summary or text].
Problems with skin test
The skin prick test is the most preferred means of testing because of its simplicity, economic implications and its accuracy relative to the other test available. Some people may display a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction which can occur up 6 hours after application of the allergen and last up to 72 hours. These reactions are from IgG antibodies and are called Arthus reactions. They usually are easily treated with anti-inflammatory creams and should not cause reason for alarm.
These types of reactions are fairly common and easily interpreted by a board certified allergist who is well versed in immunology.
Additionally, there are as many false negatives as there are false positives[How to reference and link to summary or text] for the skin prick testing. The result is that people may be allergic to items that they did not show to be allergic to, and others may not be allergic to the item that had a positive reaction.
Testing for food allergies for peanuts, tree nuts and shellfish can be a delicate process. If a serious reaction has already been experienced most allergists will prefer a blood test to the skin prick to avoid the possibility of another allergic reaction.
One concern with the application of previously un-encountered insect venom allergen is the theoretical possibility that this exposure can actually sensitize one to these allergen, causing the inception of a new allergy in susceptible individuals[How to reference and link to summary or text].
Skins tests also are not always able to pinpoint a patient's specific allergies if the patient has significant skin conditions affecting the area of skin to be tested or a person has not avoided antihistamines of all types for the required period of time necessary for them to leave the body prior to testing.
Skin prick test for food allergens are very accurate if negative, if positive they must be correlated with elimination-challenge diets and clinical histories.
Blood testing
This kind of testing is also known as a "total IgE count". In order to qualify type I hypersensitivity, this method measures the amount of serum IgE contained within the patient's serum. This can be determined through the use of radiometric and colormetric immunoassays. Even the levels the amount of IgE specific to certain allergens can be measured through use of the radioallergosorbent test (RAST).
There are limited mainstream medical treatments for allergies[How to reference and link to summary or text]. Probably the most important factor in rehabilitation is the removal of sources of allergens from the home environment, and avoiding environments in which contact with allergens is likely.
Hyposensitization is a form of immunotherapy where the patient is gradually vaccinated against progressively larger doses of the allergen in question. This can either reduce the severity or eliminate hypersensitivity altogether. It relies on the progressive skewing of IgG ("the blocking antibody") production, as opposed to the excessive IgE production seen in hypersensitivity type I cases. Delivery can occur via allergy injection, or sublingual immunotherapy - allergy drops taken under the tongue. Though not commonly offered in the U.S., sublingual immunotherapy is gaining attention internationally and is very common in Europe[How to reference and link to summary or text].
A second form of immunotherapy involves the intravenous injection of monoclonal anti-IgE antibodies. These bind to free and B-cell IgE, signalling such sources for destruction. They do not bind to IgE already bound to the Fc receptor on basophils and mast cells as this would stimulate the allergic inflammatory response. The first agent in this class is omalizumab.
An experimental treatment, enzyme potentiated desensitization (EPD), has been tried with some success but has yet to achieve widespread use[How to reference and link to summary or text]. EPD uses dilutions of allergen and an enzyme, beta-glucuronidase, to which T-regulatory lymphocytes respond by favouring desensitization, or down-regulation, rather than sensitization. EPD is also under development for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Several antagonistic drugs are used to block the action of allergic mediators, preventing activation of cells and degranulation processes. They include antihistamines, cortisone, epinephrine (adrenaline), theophylline and Cromolyn sodium. These drugs help alleviate the symptoms of allergy but play little role in chronic alleviation of the disorder. They can play an imperative role in the acute recovery of someone suffering from anaphylaxis, which is why those allergic to bee stings, peanuts, nuts, and shellfish often carry an adrenaline needle with them at all times.
Alternative therapies
In alternative medicine, a number of treatment modalities are considered effective by its practitioners in the treatment of allergies, particularly naturopathic, herbal medicine, homeopathy, traditional Chinese medicine and kinesiology. These modalities are frequently offered as treatment for those seeking additional help when mainstream medicine has failed to provide adequate relief from allergy symptoms[How to reference and link to summary or text]. However, mainstream physicians[attribution needed] maintain that these claims lack a scientific basis and warn that the efficacy of such treatments is only supported by anecdotal evidence.
The pathophysiology of allergic responses can be divided into two phases; firstly the acute response, which can then either subside or progress into a "late phase response" which can substantially prolong the symptoms of a response.
Acute response
The difference between a type I hypersensitivity reaction against an allergen to the normal humoral response against a foreign body is that plasma cells secrete IgE as opposed to either IgM (against novel antigens) or IgG (against immunized antigens). IgE binds to Fc receptors on the surface of mast cells and basophils, both involved in the acute inflammatory response.
When IgE is first secreted it binds to the Fc receptors on a mast cell or basophil, and such an IgE-coated cell is said to be sensitized to the allergen in question. A later exposure by the same allergen causes reactivation of these IgE, which then signals for the degranulation of the sensitized mast cell or basophil. There is now strong evidence that mast cells and basophils require costimulatory signals for degranulation in vivo, derived from GPCRs such as chemokine receptors. These granules release histamine and other inflammatory chemical mediators (cytokines, interleukins, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins) into the surrounding tissue causing several systemic effects, such as vasodilation, mucous secretion, nerve stimulation and smooth muscle contraction. This results in the previously described symptoms of rhinorrhea, itchiness, dyspnea, and anaphylaxis. Depending on the individual, allergen, and mode of introduction, the symptoms can be system-wide (calliscal anaphylaxis), or localised to particular body systems (for example, asthma to the respiratory system; eczema to the dermis).
Late-phase response
After the chemical mediators of the acute response subside, late phase responses can often occur. This is due to the migration of other leukocytes such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils and macrophages to the initial site. The reaction is usually seen 4-6 hours after the original reaction and can last from 1-2 days. Cytokines from mast cells may also play a role in the persistence of long-term effects. Late phase responses seen in asthma are slightly different from those seen in other allergic responses.
Basis and cause
The exact cause of the IgE malfunctions that result in allergic reactions are not always apparent[How to reference and link to summary or text], however, and several arguments[attribution needed] from genetic-basis, environmental-basis and intermediate proponents exist with varying validity and acceptance.
Genetic basis
There is much evidence[How to reference and link to summary or text] to support the genetic basis of allergy. Allergic parents are more likely to have allergic children, and their allergies are likely to be stronger than those from non-allergic parents. However some allergies are not consistent along genealogies with parents being allergic to peanuts, but having children allergic to ragweed, or siblings not sharing the same allergens.
Ethnicity has also been shown to play a role in some allergies. Interestingly, in regard to asthma, it has been suggested[attribution needed] that different genetic loci are responsible for asthma in people of Caucasian, Hispanic, Asian, and African origins. It has also been suggested[attribution needed] that there are both general atopy genes and tissue-specific allergy genes that target the allergic response to specific mucosal tissues. Potential disease associated alleles include both coding region variation and SNPs. Caucasian people seem to have the most asthma[How to reference and link to summary or text].
Relationship with parasites
Some recent research has also begun to show that some kinds of common parasites, such as intestinal worms (e.g. hookworms), secrete immunosuppressant chemicals into the gut wall and hence the bloodstream which prevent the body from attacking the parasite. This gives rise to a new slant on the "hygiene hypothesis" — that co-evolution of man and parasites has in the past led to an immune system that only functions correctly in the presence of the parasites. Without them, the immune system becomes unbalanced and oversensitive. Gutworms and similar parasites are present in untreated drinking water in undeveloped countries, and in developed countries until the routine chlorination and purification of drinking water supplies. This also coincides with the time period in which a significant rise in allergies has been observed.[How to reference and link to summary or text] So far, there is only sporadic evidence to support this hypothesis — one scientist who suffered from seasonal allergic rhinitis (hayfever) infected himself with gutworms and was immediately 'cured' of his allergy with no other ill effects.[How to reference and link to summary or text] Full clinical trials have yet to be performed however. It may be that the term 'parasite' could turn out to be inappropriate, and in fact a hitherto unsuspected symbiosis is at work.[How to reference and link to summary or text]
Increasing prevalence
There has been a notable increase in the commonness of allergies in the past decades[How to reference and link to summary or text], and there are multiple hypotheses explaining this phenomenon. This is in part because we know what they are, in contrast to earlier humans who would think that the symptoms pointed towards a non-important illness.
Increasing use of chemicals
One theory is the exponential use and abuse of chemicals in affluent nations since the second world war. Vast numbers of chemicals are introduced into our indoor and outdoor environments with little or no testing[How to reference and link to summary or text] regarding their toxicity to living beings. Many believe[attribution needed] that air quality is getting worse rather than better, particularly if one considers indoor air quality as well as outdoor. (Indoor air quality has become significantly worse since building codes changed in the 1970s to make buildings more air-tight to conserve energy. This affects buildings built since that time.) Adverse reactions to toxins vary considerably from one person to another, and can involve extremes in symptoms including the neurological and endocrine systems as well as the more commonly recognized allergy symptoms listed above.
In 2004, a joint Swedish-Danish research team found a very strong link between allergies in children and the phthalates DEHP and BBzP, commonly used in PVC.[4] Allergies are also viewed by some medical practitioners as a negative consequence of the use and abuse of antibiotics and vaccinations. This mainstream Western approach to treatment and prevention of infectious disease has been used in the more affluent world for a longer period of time than in the rest of the world, hence the much greater commonality of allergies there. It is hypothesized that use of antibiotics and vaccination affect the immune system, and that allergies are a dysfunctional immune response.
The "hygiene hypothesis"
Another theory that has been gaining strength[How to reference and link to summary or text] is the "hygiene hypothesis". This theory maintains[How to reference and link to summary or text] that since children in more affluent countries are leading a cleaner and cleaner life (less exposure to dirt, extra use of disinfectants, etc), their immune systems have less exposure to parasites and other pathogens than children in other countries or in decades past. Their immune systems may, therefore, have many "loaded guns", cells which might have targeted, say, the intestinal worms that no longer cause trouble in affluent neighbourhoods. Having no reasonable target, these cells inadvertently become activated by environmental antigens that might only cause minor reactions in others. It is the symptoms of this exaggerated response that is seen as the allergic reaction.
Many common allergies such as asthma have seen huge increases[How to reference and link to summary or text] in the years since the second world war, and many studies[How to reference and link to summary or text] appear to show a correlation between this and the increasingly affluent and clean lifestyles in the West. This is supported by studies[How to reference and link to summary or text] in less developed countries that do not enjoy western levels of cleanliness, and similarly do not show western levels of incidences of asthma and other allergies. During this same period, air quality, at one time considered the "obvious" cause of asthma, has shown a considerable improvement. This has led some researchers[attribution needed] to conclude that it is our "too clean" upbringing that is to blame for the lack of immune system stimulation in early childhood.
So far the evidence to support this theory is limited[How to reference and link to summary or text]. One supporting fact[How to reference and link to summary or text] is that many Chinese will develop hay fever after moving into the USA for three or more years. However, contradictory examples also exist[How to reference and link to summary or text].
Common allergens
In addition to foreign proteins found in foreign serum (from blood transfusions) and vaccines, common allergens include:
- Plant pollens (Hay fever):
- Rye grass
- Ragweed
- Timothy grass
- Birch trees
- Mold spores
- Drugs:
- Penicillins
- Sulfonamides
- Salicylates (also found naturally in numerous fruits)
- Local anaesthetics
- Foods (food allergy):
- Insect stings:
- Animal products (animal allergy):
- Animal hair and dander
- Cockroach calyx
- Dust mite excretion
- Other
See also
- Allergic inflammation
- Anaphylaxis
- Atopy
- Food allergy
- Hay fever
- Hypoallergenic
- Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS).
- Soy allergy
- ↑ Clemens Peter Pirquet von Cesenatico Who Named It Doctor/2382
- ↑ Allergy Glossary, Health on the Net Foundation
- ↑ O'Brien, T. "Your Health Questions Answered!" (July 2004) Fitness Magazine, p 80.
- ↑ Bornehag C, Sundell J, Weschler C, Sigsgaard T, Lundgren B, Hasselgren M, Hägerhed-Engman L (2004). The association between asthma and allergic symptoms in children and phthalates in house dust: a nested case-control study.. Environ Health Perspect 112 (14): 1393-7. PMID 15471731.
Other sources
- Goldsby RA, Kindt TK, Osborne BA and Kuby J (2003). Immunology, 5th Edition, New York: W.H. Freeman and Company. ISBN 0-7167-4947-5.
- Ono S (2000). Molecular genetics of allergic diseases.. Annu Rev Immunol 18: 347-66. PMID 10837062.
External links
- American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
- Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America – patient advocacy organization
- Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (CSEM): Environmental Triggers of Asthma – Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).


text:
KMD2378 Samantha kitty, cat, pets, original fine art
painting by artist Kit Hevron Mahoney
Kit Hevron Mahoney
Denver, Colorado, United States
My compositions are a unique style of contemporary Impressionism boldly using color and texture.
My Web Pages:
> My Daily Paintings Gallery
> Kit Hevron Mahoney Small Works - Great Wonders
> Kit Hevron Mahoney Website
> Brushstrokes Studio-Gallery Website
> Kit Hevron Mahoney Blog
Recent Paintings:
More Paintings by Kit Hevron Mahoney
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© 2016 Daily Painters Gallery. All artwork is copyrighted by the individual artists.
Images may not be reproduced without the permission of the artist.


text:
Our Mission
To promote and improve health and emergency response in pursuing economic and cultural development in the fight against poverty and social exclusion in the communities.
Who we are
OGRA Foundation is a Kenyan Non-governmental Organisation founded in 2000 as a youth development group. In 2005 it was elevated to a fully-fledged NGO to expand its reach in Kenya.OGRA continues to touch lives & make a difference to the community it serves.
What we do
Ogra Foundation works hand-in-hand with Partners to improve health by combating HIV and AIDS, TB, Malaria and other preventable infections and diseases, through integrated socio-economic and cultural development in the fight against poverty.
Where we work
Ogra Foundation spans its programs across various Health Facilities (both Private Clinics and those run by the Kenya Ministry Of Health), Primary Schools & Institutions as well and the community at large in Nyanza & Western Kenya and its environs.
The Adolescent/Youth Friendly Services is aimed at improving Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health services...Read More
'OPERATION KARIBU' Project
Through the 'Operation Karibu' project, OGRA Foundation has employed a monitoring app to screen and track all women of ...Read More
MARS Project
The MARS Project (Menstruation and Reproduction Support) is an initiative designed to combat...Read More
Fistula Repair
A GSK registered nurse, Jane has been able to assist with fistula surgery treatment to women...Read More
Annual Report
The healthstart program has greatly improved the education outcomes of pupils....Read More
Success Stories
Beneficiaries of the scholarship program have continued to excel in their chosen field....
Meet the OGRA Foundation team that serves the community in different project areas...


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by Gameloft
Download this app if: you love the classic card game.
Advisor Review
UNO enhances the classic card game experience on your Android — Gameloft has done a fantastic job digitizing one of the greatest family card games. UNO for Android is not only a perfect preservation of the original game, but it has also enhanced the overall experience by adding more gameplay modes, online play and even achievements. If you're taking a...
Developer Notes
Play the #1 classic card game for fun with friends and family on your Android phone! The world-famous card game is faithfully reproduced for mobile and also features exciting new rules. Relive all the crazy fun of UNO™: match colors or numbers with all your favorite cards or challenge yourself...
Gotta Love UNO — UNO has always been one of my all time favorite card games and now that I'm able to play it right from the palm of my hand, it gets hard to put my phone down and focus on what I need to throughout the day.


text:
this wiki
A Chizpurfle is a type of very small parasite. Crab-like in appearance, they are up to a twentieth of an inch with fangs. Magic attracts them and they are commonly found in the fur and feathers of Crups and Augureys.
They attack magical objects like wands and cauldrons, gnawing through to the magical core or gorging on the last remnants of potions. In the absence of magic, Chizpurfles attack Muggle items powered by electricity. This explains the sudden failure of various new electrical goods.
Chizpurfle infestations are usually easily handled by patented potions on the market, but more severe infestations need to be dealt with by the Pest Sub-Division of the Department for the Regulation and Control of Magical Creatures.
The word "Chiz" is an English word for "cheat" or "swindle", persumably a cognate of "chisel". The word "Purfle" is a fur trimming border of a garment.
- Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (video game) (PS1 version only) (Mentioned only)
- Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (video game)
- Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them


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Jade Holder, 19, died after being attacked in the Augusta Youth Development Campus. (WRDW-TV / Nov. 9, 2011)
October 20, 2012
(AUGUSTA-GA) The Department of Juvenile Justice has released the following description of the missing detainee who escaped along with four other juvenile offenders from the Youth Development Campus in Augusta early Friday night:
The escapee is described as a black male, 18 years old, tall and slender build, 5'8", 162 pounds, close cut black hair, with brown eyes. No identifying marks or tattoos. He was last seen wearing state-issue blue shorts and a white sleeved t-shirt.
Police are warning the public not to approach the youth who was believed to have driven the stolen getaway car. The Department of Juvenile Justice has secured a warrant for the 18-year-old on charges of escape and motor vehicle theft. A "BOLO" (Be On the Look Out) will be issued statewide to alert law enforcement for the escapee.
The other four missing youth were returned to state custody Friday night. None of the youth are from the Augusta area. Local law enforcement continue their search today in the general area where the five juveniles abandoned the car they stole after escaping from the Augusta YDC.
Richmond County Sheriff's Deputies responded to the stolen vehicle report Friday night and apprehended three of the youth following a brief car chase. Two other occupants ran into nearby woods. One of those youth later surrendered to a Department of Corrections canine team. No one was hurt in the round-up.
As a standard security precaution, the Augusta detention facility remains on lockdown today while investigators verify how the escape occurred. Investigators from the DJJ Office of Investigations in Atlanta are on-site at Augusta YDC conducting a facility safety review, examining the campus for security deficiencies, and looking for any policy violations which may have contributed to the escape.
Stay with News 12 as we continue to follow this story.
Have information or an opinion about this story? Click here to contact the newsroom.
Copyright WRDW-TV News 12. All rights reserved. This material may not be republished without express written permission.


text:
Mexico's ongoing wars — drug cartel against drug cartel, and drug cartels against government — have finally caught the attention of the United States. Getting the attention of the media and the government is a good thing if it means that serious efforts will be made to stem the U.S. contribution to the hydra-headed complex of issues that have caused the eruptions of drug-related violence. Not so good if we do nothing more than obsess about "border violence," as if the southwestern states are the only place where the explosive combination of drugs, guns, and gangs is resulting in frightening violence.
"Tom Diaz has worn out some shoe leather—much like a good detective—in gathering facts, not myths or urban legend. "
—Chris Swecker, Former Assistant Director of the FBI's Criminal Investigative Division.
"Few people know more about the subject than Tom Diaz and no single book tells the whole story better than No Boundaries. If you really want to know what organized crime in America looks like today, then read this alarming book."
—Rocky Delgadillo, former City Attorney of Los Angeles
Order No Boundaries from Amazon.com
The border region is only one place, and a notionally defined one at that, where powerful, transnational forces are creating havoc. When cops get gunned down with assault weapons in Miami and San Francisco, and children are shot to death in the crossfire in Chicago or Portland or Miami or your town, it's all part of the same evil brew. Our bad gun control policy and bad drug war policy are home in the roost.
But, okay, I get it. Right now our attention is on the border. So Fairly Civil will look at Mexikanemi, one of several "Mexican Mafias" in the Southwest and a central player in the illicit drug trade and the violence it spawns. [Read Part Two here and Part Three here.]
The Mexican Mafias
These mafias, powerful prison-spawned gangs, tend to get lumped together in the media and even among some law enforcement people. But there are actually several different strains of the Mexican Mafia bacillus, independent of the original gang and of each other. What they all have in common is ruthless violence in pursuit of the business of drug-trafficking, accompanied by extortion, murder, theft, assaults, home invasions, and trafficking in guns and other contraband.
The original Mexican Mafia prison gang was created in the late 1950s by young Latino gangsters from Southern California incarcerated at the Deuel Vocational Institute in Tracy, California. Also called "La Eme," or simply "Eme" — Spanish for the 13th letter of the alphabet ("M") and source of the many variations of the number "13" (e.g., XIII) that so-called "Sureno" (Southern) gangs use to signal their fealty to the prison gang — the Mexican Mafia relatively quickly became a powerful force within California's prison system. As Eme matured, it also seized control of most of the Southern California Latino gangs, forcing them to pay to the mafia a share of their profits from the lucrative drug business. This led naturally to still-evolving alliances with Mexican drug trafficking organizations (DTOs). It is no coincidence that the founding Eme gangsters adopted the black hand of the Sicilian mafia and the name "mafia" — they wanted to emulate the blood-drenched success of the Italian mob.
Gangs in the Southwest Border Region
The (FBI) National Gang Intelligence Center's 2009 forecast reports that, "Approximately 5,297 gangs with nearly 111,000 members are criminally active in the Southwest Region…According to interviews with local law enforcement officers, gangs are responsible for as much as 60 percent of crime in some communities in the Southwest Region. The most significant gangs operating in the region are Barrio Azteca, Latin Kings, Mexikanemi, Tango Blast, and Texas Syndicate."
Firearms Trafficking
Guns are demonstrably the tools of the gangs and the DTO's — the real-life manifestation of Wayne Lapierre's utterance that "the guys with the guns make the rules." No military-style guns, no military-style power. Lax U.S. gun laws and the American gun industry's heavy marketing of military-style firearms have made the United States a convenient 7-11-style convenience store arsenal for U.S.-based gangs and transnational criminal organizations alike. In its 2008 forecast, the National Drug Intelligence Center reported:
Mexican DTOs and their associated enforcement groups generally rely on firearms trafficking from the United States to Mexico to obtain weapons for their smuggling and enforcement operations. Drug traffickers, firearms smugglers, and independent criminals smuggle large quantities of firearms and ammunition from the United States to Mexico on behalf of Mexican DTOs, who then use these weapons to defend territory, eliminate rivals, enforce business dealings, control members, and challenge law enforcement. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) estimates that thousands of weapons are smuggled into Mexico every year. Firearms are typically purchased or stolen from gun stores, pawnshops, gun shows, and private residences prior to being smuggled into Mexico, where they are often sold for a markup of 300 to 400 percent. Moreover, large caches of firearms often are stored on both sides of the Southwest Border for use by Mexican DTOs and their enforcement groups.
Enter the Mexikanemi
According to the National Drug Intelligence Center's 2009 threat assessment, Mexikanemi is one of a score of U.S.-based gangs — criminal street gangs, outlaw motorcycle gangs, and prison gangs — that have links with Mexican DTOs. Here is how the U.S. Department of Justice's gang unit (the history and operations of which I write about in my forthcoming book, No Boundaries: Transnational Latino Gangs and American Law Enforcement) sums up Mexikanemi:
The Mexikanemi prison gang, also known as the Texas Mexican Mafia or Emi, was formed in the early 1980's within the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ). The Mexikanemi is highly structured and is estimated to have 2,000 members, most of whom are Mexican nationals or Mexican-American males living in Texas at the time of their incarceration. Mexikanemi poses a significant drug-trafficking threat to communities in the Southwestern U.S., particularly in Texas. Mexikanemi gang members reportedly traffic multi-kilogram quantities of powdered cocaine, heroin and methamphetamine; multi-ton quantities of marijuana; and thousand-tablet quantities of ecstasy from Mexico into the U.S. for distribution both inside and outside prison. Mexikanemi gang members obtain narcotics from associates or members of the Jaime Herrera-Herrera, Osiel Cardenas-Guillen, and/or the Vicente Carrillo-Fuentes Mexican DTOs. In addition, Mexikanemi members maintain a relationship with Los Zetas, a Mexican paramilitary/criminal organization employed by the Cardenas-Guillen DTO as its personal security force.
One comes across various explanations of the origins of the name "Mexicanemi," including some just plain incorrect "Spanish" translations. The best explanation Fairly Civil has seen comes from Wikipedia (much reviled in some quarters but not by Fairly Civil — our view is "trust but verify"), which traces the name to the Nahuatl language, a tongue that has a mystical attraction for the "Mexica Movement," and for some Latino gangs. It is used as a prison gang "code." There is as well as an obvious pun on "Mexican Eme":
Mexikanemi (Nahuatl for "Mexican Life": Mexica[meshika]:One of the many Nahuatl speaking tribes/nations,within central Mexico, that was in dominance over an extended territory, the Triple-Alliance Empire, which was headed by the Culhua-Mexica of the city-state of Mexico-Tenochtitlan,before and during the arrival of the Europeans/Spanish into the Americas…[The] term is also used today to simply mean "Mexican"; Nemi[nemi]: This suffix ending might come from the word: Nemiliztli, which in Nahuatl means "Life"; Hence its combination having the meaning of: "Mexikanemi: Mexican Life: Vida Mexicana") also known as the Texas Mexican Mafia. It functions separately from the original California Mexican Mafia (La eMe). Mexikanemi was formed as an offshoot from the Mexican Mafia in Texas by Heriberto "Herbie" Huerta in 1984.
So much for the introductory generalities. In our next posting, Fairly Civil will glean specifics of Mexikanemi's organized criminal operations from an ongoing case, one that has been dribbling off talkative "flippers" in a series of plea bargains. (So much for the mafioso code of omertà.)


text: The exterior of this handbag is in gently loved condition. The bottom corners are worn and there are a few ink marks on the leather trim. The top leather trim is cracked as well. The interior is in gently loved condition, with some stains on the lining. It ships with a designer dust bag.


text:
FREE PERSONALIZATION on ornaments
and FREE SHIPPING when you buy 5 or more!
Each Christmas Ornament Personalized with a Name or Special Greeting from you!
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Whip up something delicious in your kitchen this holiday season! Our standing mixer is a staple in most kitchens because it can handle the big batter mixing jobs and leave you to do the more delicate chopping and slicing tasks that are involved with your culinary creations. This green mixer has a silver bowl and is tied with a red and white striped holiday ribbon. This personalized mixer ornament is a great gift for the person who loves to cook on your holiday shopping list and always has delectable delights whenever you visit.
Material: Resin


text:
Janeth, 35, lost her three-month-old baby to malaria five years ago. Her daughters' death was a big blow to Janeth who had previously had a miscarriage due to malaria when she was two months pregnant.
The 35-year-old mother of four normally joins the rest of the world to mark the World's Malaria Day on April 25 every year in memory of her beloved departed daughter.
A staunch Catholic, Janeth has for five consecutive years been marking Malaria Day by attending morning mass at her local church to pray for her daughter. She also shares her story with others through the media whenever possible as a way of educating others, especially women on the effects of malaria and how to prevent it.
"I do not want what happened to me to happen to others. I pray for a day when the world will be free from malaria," she says.
Despite efforts by governments around the world to combat the disease, malaria remains a major health problem affecting poor nations such as Tanzania.
Although studies indicate that that the number of deaths caused by malaria in the country has gone down from 26 percent to 85 percent today, a lot still needs to be done to improve the situation.
Approximately 40% of the world's population today, especially people living in developing countries, are at risk of malaria. The disease causes more than 300 million acute illnesses and at least one million deaths annually. Ninety percent of the deaths occur in Africa south of the Sahara.
It is estimated that between 16 and 18 million cases of malaria occur each year countrywide, resulting in over 100,000 deaths. Seventy percent of the deaths occur among under-five children. Malaria accounts for 30 percent of the national disease burden, 43 percent of under–five outpatient attendance, 35 percent of under–five hospital admissions and 37 percent of under–five hospital deaths.
The majority of the deaths in tropical Africa occur in areas of stable transmission of falciparum malaria. In these areas, the most vulnerable groups are under-five children whose immunity is still weak, and pregnant women whose immunity to the disease is temporarily impaired as a result of the pregnancy. It is a major cause of maternal anemia, abortion, neonatal deaths and low birth weight.
US John Hopkins University's Director of projects in Tanzania, Waziri Nyoni, says they have started a country-wide door to door campaign, especially in rural areas aimed at reducing the number of malaria deaths by educating people on the symptoms, treatment and prevention of malaria.
According to Nyoni, the campaign has already registered positive results since most people now, especially those in remote areas are getting treatment of malaria at the right time unlike in previous years where some people died of malaria due to delayed treatment.
Michael Ngatunga, United Against Malaria's Coordinator says in line with the World Malaria Day theme "Sustain Gains, Save Lives : Invest in Malaria" ,the disease can be prevented and treated through simple tools like using mosquito nets, effective medicine and safe in door residual spraying.
Ngatunga says Tanzania has made great strides in malaria control. In October last year, his office completed the universal coverage campaign that set out to cover every sleeping space with a long lasting insecticide treated net. Investment in malaria control has created unprecedented momentum and yielded remarkable returns in the past few years.
"In the last two years more than 26.4 million nets have been distributed free of charge to Tanzanians. Other malaria interventions are being rapidly scaled up across the country and the continued and expanded engagement of private contributors which will play a critical role in ensuring the long term success of the fight against malaria," says Ngatunga.
In Africa, malaria deaths have been cut by one third within the last decade in 35 out of 53 countries affected by malaria. Malaria cases have been reduced by 50 percents in the same time period. In countries where access to malaria control intervention has improved most significantly, child mortality rates have fallen by approximately 20 percent.
However, these gains are fragile and will be reversed unless malaria continues to be a priority for global, regional, and national decision-makers and donors.
Despite the current economic climate, development aids need to continue flowing to national malaria control programs to ensure widespread population across to life-saving and cost effective interventions.
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Centre for Communication programmes in collaboration with the National Malaria Program and the United Against Malaria Project has built support by empowering the private sector in Tanzania to be committed and take action against malaria.
"United Against Malaria safe program provides corporations with education, prevention and advocacy tools to protect their employees and local communities from malaria.
In turn, the private companies will help the government and the most at risk populations to achieve a better health, lower health care costs, greater productivity and higher standard of living and economic development," Ngatunga noted.
A new report released by the Roll Back Malaria Partnership (RBM), of which United Against Malaria is a partner, shows that the global community has made remarkable gains in the fight against malaria, increasing hope that reaching near zero deaths is an achievable goal in sight by 2015.
A Decade of partnership and international efforts to combat malaria have reduced deaths by more than one third, saving 1.1 million lives in sub-Saharan Africa in the past ten years. Due to increased access to intervention tools and treatment options, particularly insecticide-treated mosquito nets, 11 countries in Africa have cut malaria cases or deaths by 50 percent or more, reversing the deadly grip the disease has had on the continent – where over 90 percent of all malaria deaths occur.


text:
29 Special
Revision as of 22:44, April 18, 2013 by Master of Contributions (Talk | contribs)
11,126pages on
this wiki
this wiki
The 29 Special is a vehicle in Grand Theft Auto 1, which can be found in Vice City. It appears to be based on a 1930's Ford. It has a decent top speed, good handling, and reasonable durability. It also has a likeness to the Hustler from GTA San Andreas.


text:
Playstation 2 Games
NBA Ballers: Phenom Questions for Playstation 2Home / Playstation 2 /
Game Questions & Answers (Q&A) service lets you ask questions about video games for game consoles or PC games. So ask your NBA Ballers: Phenom question for Playstation 2 and get answers from real gamers or answer questions and share your insights and experience with the rest of the gaming community.
Stuck in this game? Set a specific, clearly defined question and let other gamers answer your question or view answers to previously asked questions. If you think you are an expert then please try to help others with their questions.
Hollywood tourment
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From: redget
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Posted On: 06-13-2012
Posted On: 06-13-2012
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text:
The Power of Independent Thinking
Can the U.S. Withdraw from Afghanistan and Iraq?
Recorded: Wednesday, December 9, 2009
Part 1 |
Part 2
Civil strife in Iraq continues and instability may only increase after the January elections. U.S. withdrawal has become an acceptable strategy in Washington, but will it be tenable if violence escalates and Iraq unravels again?
Experts: Ivan Eland, Peter Galbraith, Charles V. PeñaType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Defense and Foreign Policy, Democracy, Diplomacy and Foreign Aid, Freedom, History (International), Politics, Terrorism and National Crises
Ivan Eland on Anita Dunns Resignation
Recorded: Wednesday, November 11, 2009
Originally aired 11/11/09 on Russia Today. Ivan Eland, Senior Fellow at the Independent Institute, discusses the resignation of President Obamas Communications Director, Anita Dunn.
Experts: Ivan ElandType: TelevisionIssues: Free Speech, Politics
Stephen P. Halbrook in Sotomayor Confirmation Hearing
Recorded: Thursday, July 16, 2009
Stephen P. Halbrook testifies before the Senate Judiciary Committee against the confirmation of Judge Sonia Sotomayor to the Supreme Court.
Experts: Stephen P. HalbrookType: TelevisionIssues: Constitutional Law, Gun Control, Litigation
Stephen Halbrook on Second Amendment Rights
Recorded: Friday, May 1, 2009
Stephen Halbrook, Research Fellow at the Independent Institute and author of The Founders' Second Amendment, speaks on the rights of law-abiding gun owners at the Pennsylvania Capitol's Fourth Annual Right to Keep and Bear Arms Rally.
Experts: Stephen P. HalbrookType: TelevisionIssues: Constitutional Law, Gun Control
What President Obama Should Learn from His Predecessors
Recorded: Tuesday, April 7, 2009
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Experts: Ivan Eland, Andrew R. RuttenType: Independent Institute EventIssues: History (U.S), Politics
What President Obama Should Learn from His Predecessors
Recorded: Tuesday, April 7, 2009
Amid the current economic and financial crises, President Obama may do well to remember the men who have come before him.
Experts: Ivan Eland, Andrew R. RuttenType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Constitutional Law, Culture/ Society, Defense and Foreign Policy, Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economic Policy, Freedom, Government Power, History (U.S), Nationalism, Political Ideology and Philosophy, Politics, Race Issues, Terrorism and National Crises
Ivan Eland with Ron Paul on C-SPAN2s Book TV
Recorded: Sunday, March 15, 2009
Ron Paul interviews Senior Fellow Ivan Eland on his new book Recarving Rushmore.
Experts: Ivan Eland, Ron PaulType: TelevisionIssues: Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economic Policy, History (U.S), Politics
Stephen Halbrook on Gun Insurance Mandates on Glenn Beck
Recorded: Tuesday, March 10, 2009
Stephen Halbrook author of The Founders Second Amendment, discusses a new proposal that would require Illinois gun owners to carry $1 million liability insurance in a conversation with Fox News' Glenn Beck.


text:
February 24, 2013 to May 20, 2013 – Lisse The Netherlands Visit our show at the Keukenhof with a large selection of our flower bulbs. Tulips, Hyacinths, Daffodils and small bulbs. Flower bulbs experts on hand during the show. Stop in and enjoy the beauty o… Organized by TonsofTulips-Holland | Type: visit, our, showgarden, in, the, keukenhof
March 2, 2013 to September 9, 2013 – Pasadena, CA; Los Angeles, San Francisco, Yosemite National Park Come join Richard Scott this year in one of his great graphics classes. See his website for a list of classes and times. I can personally attest to any of you interested in learning great graphic c… Organized by Brandon Reed | Type: color, mastery, accurate, freehand, perspective, sketching, on, location, water


text:
Symbian OS v9.1
S60 3rd edition
Automatically rejects unwanted callers. Real-time incoming number analysis and instant reject. Easy to configure and use. Your phone will be always busy for unwelcome calls!
Blacklist is a service for automatic calls reject depending on your rules.
The rules are very easy to set up - just add contacts, contact groups
or custom phone numbers to the list. You are at the meeting and can't
accept calls at the moment or you want to block someone from
calling you permanently - try Blacklist, it offers you an easy
Blacklist Scheduler makes your phone a completely automated personal secretary. It can reject everyone except family members at night, accept only co-workers at business hours on working days, etc.
The service will do all job using really small amount of memory, system resources and absolutely transparent to user. Just configure and turn it on one time and you can forget about it and forget about all unwanted callers as well.
Features include:
You can create as many lists as you need and activate the one that suits your current situation.
You can add as many correspondents as you need to every list
Scheduler is a very useful function of Blacklist application that can switch your lists automatically based on defined time schedule.
Lists and Correspondents
You can create as many lists as you need and activate the one that suits your current situation.
Only one list can be activated at one time. You can activate/deactivate any list using "Activate/Deactivate" commands. Currently active list is marked with . If no list is active then the service will perform no call filtering action.
There are 2 types of lists:
- Empty "white list" - will reject all incoming calls.
- Empty "black list" - will accept all calls.
You can add as many correspondents as you need to every list.
When you finish setup you can turn the service ON to start filtering all
incoming calls. When the service is ON BlackList configuration
application is no longer needed and you can close it in order not to waste the
memory and resources, the service will stay in memory and will do all job.
When service is activated you can see brief status of service activity in application status line. Like "Rejected 3 / 4" - means 3 calls have been automatically rejected from 4 total incoming calls.
Please note: service activating could take some time (some seconds) as it has to prepare and organise all your data (fetch all phone numbers from listed contacts/groups of contacts, etc) to be able to analyse incoming phone number during a call in real time.
Scheduler is a very useful function of BlackList application that can switch
your lists automatically based on defined time schedule. For example
Scheduler can block all calls every day after 23:00 except the ones from very close family
members, at 9:00 it can allow everyone to call you except some numbers you
have blacklisted. During working days when you are on working place it can
allow only "work" calls, etc
You can create as many scheduler "rules" as you want. If you don't want some rule to be enabled you can disable it (without deleting it) and when next time you need it you can enable it again (no need to create it again).
Call forwarding
Imagine the situation you are on business conference and want to accept some "work" calls only and don't want to be disturbed with the rest of calls. But you don't want to lose them! You can manage such situation easily with BlackList application. Just set up BlackList to accept needed calls only and use Phone built in "Call divert" options. To reach "Call divert" options, please start the system application "Settings" and select "Call divert" item here. This command allows you to configure Call forwarding service of your network operator directly from the application. Turn "Divert if busy" ON and set up here your secretary/voice mail/etc phone number and your network operator will automatically forward callers rejected by BlackList application to the specified number.
Handy log
You can always take a look what numbers were rejected by the application. To see rejected calls log select "View log" command from menu. Here you will be able to see all such calls sorted by time and call back the rejected caller from this view.
Frequently asked questions
1. When a blacklisted call comes in it goes to my voice mail. Can it just be rejected only?
15-days fully functional demo version4.00
15-days fully functional demo version4.00
You are downloading 15 days trial version. Trial version has full functionality but it's time limited.
How to install
If you've made your choice and decided to purchase our software you can use 'Buy' button on the product page. You will receive your registration code and registration instructions via e-mail right after completing your order. The registration code will turn the trial version of the product into the full unlimited one.
Current version:4.00
Last updated:2010-10-01
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What is RM Cash
User Tip: If you're unsure of your vehicle type, you may skip the machine type selection box.
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Comments On Apr 26, 2013:lowers front end almost 3 inches. the do get in the way of the front fender bolts on mine.
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Comments On Jan 26, 2013:Fit great and looked great on my raptor 700r. keeps the front down a lot easier.
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Comments On Dec 01, 2010:did not like how it mounts to the top shock mount
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Comments On Oct 24, 2007:installed easy,the changed shock angle really softened my shocks, which was good for me.
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Comments On Oct 23, 2007:awesome---quick install---good fit
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Comments On Oct 22, 2007:Good item, makes the shocks vertical if you like the way that would look
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The Securicar is an armored truck first introduced in Grand Theft Auto III, serving as the successor to the G4 Bank Van from Grand Theft Auto 2. Its name is both a combination of "Security" and "Car", as well as a reference to G4S, formerly known as Group 4 Securicor.
To date, the vehicle has been featured in the following games:
- Grand Theft Auto III
- Grand Theft Auto: Vice City
- Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas
- Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories
- Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories
- Grand Theft Auto IV
- Grand Theft Auto V
The Securicar is an armored truck, used to transport money, and in some missions, people (capable of carrying up to 4 occupants). Unlike in real life, the trucks are not bulletproof, nor do the driver(s) generally carry guns. The exception to this is GTA San Andreas, where drivers wear security uniforms, and have holstered Pistols; they still, however, behave like ordinary civilians, and do not fire at the player if car-jacked.
GTA III — GTA Vice City Stories
The Securicar was initially designed with a heavy, robust truck-based body that is painted an overall dark blue. This design stuck for GTA Vice City, GTA Liberty City Stories, and GTA Vice City Stories, but in GTA San Andreas, it featured a radically different, somewhat smaller design, more reminiscent of real armored vans, like a 1990s model GMC TopKick. The GTA San Andreas Securicar may be seen with the markings of Chuff Security (a lewd parody of real-life firm Chubb Security) or Lock and Load Security, or be unmarked. They can be driven to a garage at Portland Harbor for a sum of money. The Securicar in GTA Vice City also has a bulletproof windshield.
The truck is not generally recommended for anything other than regular street driving, as the uneven weight of the armor tends to flip the truck over even minor curves or hills. The Securicar in Vice City is the version least prone to flipping over in this era.
As the GTA San Andreas rendition assumes a completely different body design based on the International Harvester S-Series, the vehicle's performance differs slightly, but remains very undesirable. With its heavy weight, the Securicar's steering and braking fares poorly, in addition to a softer suspension which reduces stability when negotiating uneven turns. The vehicle does, however, have a slightly above-average top speed.
In GTA IV, the Securicar, manufactured by Brute, is a larger vehicle with a realistic design, similar in shape to the GTA San Andreas rendition. The truck chassis is based on an armored 1989-2001 International 4000 Series, but the front turning signals have been omitted. It is powered by a large, 8 liter (or 8000cc as seen on the badging for the vehicle) turbocharged engine. The cargo area has a similarly shaped roof to the GTA San Andreas rendition. The Securicar shares its basic chassis with the NOOSE Enforcer and Police Stockade, the latter of which may be the "original"; the Enforcer lacks the Securicar's bulletproof side windows, but is equipped with a bulletproof windscreen.
The GTA IV Securicar will spawn a large amount of cash around it if blown up, but doing so with weapons will immediately attract a 2 stars wanted level, regardless of where it is done. To avoid this, the player can use one of the car-bombs supplied by Patrick McReary (this is his friendship bonus) to blow up the car, or damage it enough while driving it that it will burst into flames and explode.
The Securicar's handling and acceleration have been greatly enhanced, and it will no longer tip over when turning through corners. It is highly resistant to gunfire and everyday vehicle damage, but it is not explosion- or fire-proof, and so can be destroyed by a single grenade placed directly beneath it, or with a rocket. The rear axle of this vehicle is also unique, as compared to most of the heavy vehicles in GTA IV, it utilizes single wheels on each side of the rear axle as opposed to twin wheels, however if driven on dirt or sand you can see that it leaves tracks as if it has twin wheels. (As evidenced by the 6 tracks it leaves behind when turning.)
After collecting all thirty cars for Stevie he agrees to purchase cars from Niko Bellic, with the Securicar fetching $4,000.
References to Group 4 Securicor
The Securicar in its entirety may be a reference to two real-life security companies, which, coincidentally, would merge years after the introduction of the Securicar in the GTA series.
The name of the Securicar may be a pun on Securicor, a British security company that merged with Belgium-based security company Group 4 Falck in 2004 to form the infamous Group 4 Securicor (now known simply as G4S). Renditions of the Securicar in GTA III, GTA Vice City, GTA Liberty City Stories and GTA Vice City Stories have "Gruppe Sechs" logos on the side, a German language pun on both the Group 4 company, and the term "group sex". In GTA IV, the fleet markings render the company name as "Gruppe 6", but the vehicle still features "Gruppe Sechs" decals in much smaller print on various surfaces. The GTA San Andreas rendition, however, substitutes all Gruppe Sechs markings with other security company brand names.
- During one point of game development of GTA III, the Securicar was known as the Security Van.
- A vehicle resembling GTA III's Securicar can be found in Rockstar North's Manhunt
- On the side of the Securicar says "Gruppe Sechs" which almost sounds like "Group Sex".
- The GTA San Andreas version of the Securicar plays Bounce FM by default when entered.
- The Securicar in GTA IV has no radio; the Police Scanner is added in its place.
- In GTA San Andreas a Securicar is stolen by Carl Johnson by being airlifted with a Leviathan in preperation for the robbery of Caligula's Casino.
- In the texture file in GTA IV there is text saying "Gruppe Sechs is licensed and authorized to use deadly force by the Liberty City Police Department" however the occupants never spawn with weapons.
- In the pedcomponents.img the m_m_armoured.wtd file has Gruppe Sechs armed employees, but they were most likely never scripted to be spawned in Securicars or at the Gruppe Sechs Headquarters.
- If flipped over and pushed backwards at constant rate, the backup noise will play.
- If you go through a toll booth without paying in a Securicar, you will not get a wanted level.
- Although the Securicar has bulletproof windows, they can still be shattered in order to perform a drive-by.
- The Securicar is the first vehicle seen in Grand Theft Auto III thus, making it the very first vehicle seen in the GTA III Era.
- The Securicar is highly bulletproof against enemies yet the player can destroy it quite quickly.
- It has been seen in Michael's Trailer of GTA V. It shares the same model as in GTA IV.
- Armored Car personel can be seen coming out of the Securicar in GTA V, possibly hinting armed occupants.
- Spawns around Staunton Island, more frequently in Aspatria and Fort Staunton.
- Commonly seen driving around the street between Chinatown and Harwood.
- Rarely driven around Chinatown, Portland.
GTA Vice City
- In front of the El Banco Corrupto Grande in Little Havana. (almost always locked)
- May be found driving around at the Docks.
GTA San Andreas
- At the federal mint in northern Queens in San Fierro, north of Vank Hoff in the Park and east of the San Fierro Medical Center in Santa Flora.
- Seen driving around large freight depot area all over San Andreas.
GTA Vice City Stories
- Common in Viceport and Escobar International Airport.
- Sometimes found parked to the south of the cemetery under the Algonquin Bridge in Colony Island. The Securicar is most often found driven on the streets in industrial areas, like BOABO in Broker and the industrial zone of Dukes.
- Found driving around the industrial district in Bohan, especially if one is already driving a Securicar.
- Occasionally found in the parking lot of The Triangle Club.
- Can be spotted in Acter Industrial Park and The Exchange.
- It can also be found on the unfinished bridge in Bohan, though its a rare spawn point.
- Driving an Ingot around (especially in Algonquin), seems to spawn the Securicar.
See also
- G4 Bank Van, GTA2 equivalent.
- Brickade
- Gruppe Sechs


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Investigators still looking for answers in Starr homicide
ELKHART— Investigators are still searching for information leading to the suspect in the murder of 26-year old Jessica Starr.
On August 8, 2011, at approximately 11:30 p.m., Starr had just arrived home at 28765 Melody Lane when she was approached at her vehicle.
A struggle apparently occurred inside her car. Someone inside the residence heard screaming and called 911.
Elkhart County Sheriff officers found Jessica lying in the backyard. She was pronounced dead at the scene. It was later determined she had been beaten and stabbed.
Crime Stoppers has made Starr's homicide their Crime of the Week, and is offering a cash reward of up to $1,000 for information that leads to an arrest.
Tips can be submitted by calling Crime Stoppers at 800-342-STOP or 288-STOP or by visiting MichianaCrimeStoppers.com. All tips can be submitted anonymously.


text:
We are developing a web GIS using Flexviewer and we want to allow users to upload a shp file and insert it into a ArcSDE geodatabase. I think there are two steps at least.
upload the shp file (zip) to a directory on the server
call some function to load it to the ArcSDE geodatabase
I am not sure what is the best practice for this requirement. using ArcObjects or Geoprocessing service (ArcPy)? Any advise is appreciated.


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ProFunds UltraEmerging Markets Fund Investor Class
- Symbol: UUPIX
- No Transaction Fee 1
- InformationAlternative funds seek to accomplish the fund's objectives through non-traditional investment strategies that offer exposure beyond traditional stocks, bonds, and cash. Alternative funds may not perform as intended in various market conditions or market scenarios. There can be no assurance that an alternative fund's stated objectives will be met.Alternative funds seek to accomplish the fund's objectives through non-traditional investment strategies that offer exposure beyond traditional stocks, bonds, and cash. Alternative funds may not perform as intended in various market conditions or market scenarios. There can be no assurance that an alternative fund's stated objectives will be met.
- InformationThis fund is an inverse and/or leveraged mutual fund. Click here for more details on the risks associated with these types of funds.This fund is an inverse and/or leveraged mutual fund. Click here for more details on the risks associated with these types of funds.
How is it calculated?
What does it mean?
Morningstar® Snapshot*
*Data provided by Morningstar.
|Average Annual Returns
|YTD (Daily)*
|1 Yr
|3 Yr
|5 Yr
|YTD (Daily)* +13.53%
|1 Yr -23.27%
|3 Yr -14.58%
|5 Yr -17.53%
|Life of Fund -10.21%
Compare Chart��|�� Fund Facts Search
The performance data featured represents past performance, which is no guarantee of future results. Investment return and principal value of an investment will fluctuate; therefore, you may have a gain or loss when you sell your shares. Current performance may be higher or lower than the performance data quoted.
|This Fund
Compare Chart��|�� Fund Facts Search
The performance data featured represents past performance, which is no guarantee of future results. Investment return and principal value of an investment will fluctuate; therefore, you may have a gain or loss when you sell your shares. Current performance may be higher or lower than the performance data quoted.
Fund Manager(s)
Fund Overview
The investment seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, that correspond to two times (2x) the daily performance of the BNY Mellon Emerging Markets 50 ADR® Index.
The fund invests in securities, depositary receipts and derivatives that ProFund Advisors believes, in combination, should have similar daily return characteristics as two times (2x) the daily return of the index. The index is designed to track the performance of a basket of companies who have their primary equity listing on a stock exchange of an emerging market country and who also have Depositary Receipts that trade on a U.S. exchange. It is non-diversified.
The fund can invest in securities that may have a leveraging effect (such as derivatives and forward-settling securities) which may increase market exposure, magnify investment risks, and cause losses to be realized more quickly. Stock markets, especially foreign markets, are volatile and can decline significantly in response to adverse issuer, political, regulatory, market, or economic developments. Foreign securities are subject to interest rate, currency exchange rate, economic, and political risks. Short positions pose a risk because they lose value as a security's price increases; therefore, the loss on a short sale is theoretically unlimited. May not be suitable for all investors. Additional risk information for this product may be found in the prospectus or other product materials, if available.
Additional Disclosures
This description is only intended to provide a brief overview of the mutual fund. Read the fund's prospectus for more detailed information about the fund.
Bank of New York Mellon Emerging Markets 50 ADR Index is capitalization-weighted and designed to track the performance of approximately 50 emerging market-based depositary receipts.
|Morningstar Category
|Trading-Leveraged Equity
|Fund Inception
Glossary definition opens in new window.Exp Ratio (Gross)
($17.90 per $1000)
Glossary definition opens in new window.Exp Ratio (Net)
($17.80 per $1000)
|Minimum to Invest 5
Turnover Rate
Glossary definition opens in new window.Portfolio Net Assets ($M)
Glossary definition opens in new window.Share Class Net Assets ($M)
12 Month Low-High
|$4.77 - $11.31
|Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co Ltd ADR
|Alibaba Group Holding Ltd ADR
|China Mobile Ltd ADR
|Baidu Inc ADR
|Infosys Ltd ADR
|HDFC Bank Ltd ADR
|America Movil SAB de CV ADR
|JD.com Inc ADR
|Profunds Swap Security Gs
|Ambev SA ADR
|% of Total Portfolio
Quarter-End Average Annual Total Returns3, 2
|1 Yr
|3 Yr
|5 Yr
|10 Yr
|Glossary definition opens in new window.Before Taxes
|ProFunds UltraEmerging Markets Fund Investor Class
|Glossary definition opens in new window.After Taxes on Distributions
|ProFunds UltraEmerging Markets Fund Investor Class
|Glossary definition opens in new window.After taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares
|ProFunds UltraEmerging Markets Fund Investor Class
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text:
hey thats an boss? or NPC?
Obsidian Conflict is a cooperative multiplayer modification set in the Half-Life 2 universe. It features a large amount of new gameplay features on all-new maps specially designed for the mod with focus on cooperative gameplay, as well as over hundred user-made maps following the same formula. In addition to that, You're able to play through vanilla Half-Life 2 all the way up to Episode 2, as well as experimental support for cooperative Half-Life: Source play.
hey thats an boss? or NPC?
whatever it is its cool looking
did u ever finish


text:
Can I has a White and Black one with the pic in my avatar
the pic can be found in numerous sizes heeeere:
Font: something like http://www.dafont.com/heroin-07.font , it can say either "TLM" or "PoLLy WanT A CrackeR?", or both!
I'll have to rep you with like 10 accounts if its any good