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Energy Management Information Systems: The Missing Link for Facilities Efficiency (Part 1)
With rising energy costs, you'd like to bring your facility to peak energy efficiency, and keep it that way - economically. But most facilities are not "commissioned" for best efficiency before going into service. Once in service, efficiency usually goes downhill. And you won't learn whether day-to-day operation and maintenance is at peak efficiency from utility bills. What's a manager to do?
You could hire consultants or an energy service company, buy a building automation system, or replace inefficient equipment -- given lots of budget, and competent, trustworthy outside help.
Better yet, you could do much of it. Experience shows that 10% or greater savings often result from simply operating what you have more efficiently. Operating and Maintenance (O&M) changes usually have the shortest paybacks. But you must know how your facility uses energy, and how to readily exploit this information. This takes an Energy Management Information System.
The Energy Manager's Challenge
Management theory says information - to see what's happening, and the results of your actions - is essential. But getting that information has been easier said than done. Here are some challenges a successful energy management information system must address:
Monthly utility bills make you wait until next month's bills to see if this month's actions did any good. When the bills arrive, you must guess whether differences are due to weather, different schedules, holidays, or your efforts. Effects of conservation efforts are often masked by weather and daily or weekly occupancy-driven fluctuations in energy use. Staff may not be following management direction. People make mistakes, and equipment mal-adjustments and failures can go unrecognized. Results of HVAC tuning efforts, and of changes or retrofits that affect multiple systems, are particularly hard to gage.
Worse yet, most energy inefficiencies are invisible to management. Is your equipment working as intended? Are lights are turned off after the cleaning crew goes home? Is the main heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment properly tuned up for efficiency? Was the last HVAC repair properly done, or just a cosmetic band-aid? Do fan systems run full-time at night (drawing in - and conditioning - lots of fresh air) when nobody's there? These and similar operational problems require periodic management attention. If no one checks, they get out of control.
Building automation systems - or "energy management and control systems" (EMCS) - only solve part of the problem. If properly programmed, they allow you to schedule and regulate equipment more efficiently. But they don't usefully summarize energy data. Some provide floods of data - so much, it's time-consuming and difficult to review. But neither an EMCS nor utility bills tell you how to adjust for weather and occupancy changes to see long-term trends, or trend changes.
Energy managers often have tiny budgets. Other facilities management duties may leave scant time for conservation. The typical facilities manager cannot afford the time to become a specialist in energy conservation. Worst of all, managers typically must try to save energy with woefully inadequate energy management information. No wonder energy gets wasted.
Wanted: MIS
Fifty years ago, some expected energy to become "too cheap to meter". Instead, energy's now too expensive not to meter - in detail. Most CEOs would be horrified at having no cost accounting other than monthly total expenditures. But that's precisely how most of us "manage" energy.
The United States spends over 2% of GDP annually on financial management information systems (MIS). Legions of accountants, auditors, bookkeepers, and data entry personnel, with their computers, program-mers, and software, labor mightily to give managers detailed cost breakdowns and analyses. This enables managers to know - not guess - where their money goes - and more efficiently manage it. Why do any less, with costly (and mostly polluting, non-renewable) energy? We should properly equip ourselves, and spend at least as much - over 2% of annual energy costs - for on-going energy management.
A building's energy MIS should provide these basics:
- A permanent set of economical basic measurements.
- A flexible capability to measure items of temporary special interest.
- Low effort data processing and simple interpretation, to identify trends and track problems.
The first two of these basics are readily achievable instrumentation tasks. But with no simple, practical way to use the resulting data, the instrumentation does little good.
The MIS data processing and interpretation should be as nearly intuitive as possible. Benchmarking should support assessing the need for action and progress toward efficiency goals. The MIS should support typical conservation activities such as commissioning, scheduling, tuning, and retrofitting. Go/no-go criteria should quickly signal if action is needed. When things are operating efficiently, data review time needs should be minimal. When action's needed, the MIS should provide information for trouble-shooting and follow-up. The MIS should empower on-site or remote managers to rely more on their own judgement, and less on outside consultants, to save energy.
If the MIS performs these functions successfully, it should pay for itself through enhanced O&M energy savings. Such savings might typically amount to 10%. In facilities with annual bills over $25,000 to $50,000, realizing such savings should pay for the cost of essential measurements in a few years.
Such a system exists.
The Energy Signature Concept
It's long been known that utility billing data correlates with monthly weather. But the correlation is sometimes poor, due to "scatter" in the data. Poor correlation limits data usefulness. So we need a conceptual model that accounts for scatter, or better yet, gets rid of scatter. Here's the basic conceptual model for energy signatures:
With constant building physical condition, occupancy, operation and maintenance, variations in energy use rate depend solely on weather.
But building occupancy usually isn't constant, and many people can't resist fiddling with thermostat settings. To account for changes in thermostat settings, we can use inside-to-outside temperature difference instead of outside temperature. For occupancy, most changes occur in daily and weekly cycles. If we are always careful to measure over an even number of cycles, and only attempt comparing like kinds of cycles, the basic idea still works.
Figure 1 shows hourly facility energy use data for a week. It's obvious that energy use rates won't be representative (or equal) on Monday morning or on Monday night or Friday afternoon or Sunday. Each of these times represents a different part of a single occupancy cycle. For spotting long-term trends, looking at only part of a cycle produces "sampling error". In a building, getting a representative value, unaffected by sampling error, requires aggregated measurements over one or more complete cycles - not partial ones. Using weekly time aggregation provides "optimal smoothing", to eliminate most of the data scatter.
Figure 2 - Example Energy Signature
Figure 2 shows a month of hourly data for the same building as shown in figure 1. By using weekly data aggregation, the long-term pattern, showing that energy use rate depends on weather and temperature settings, emerges from the jumble of hourly energy use data. The plot is nearly linear as a function of delta-T, in spite of a change in the night and week-end setback temperatures and schedule for the last week of the data period shown. (The two excursions "above the line" result from atypical occupancy patterns, discussed later.) Contrasted to 100% or greater standard deviation in hourly energy data in Figure 1, the regularity of this curve shows the energy signature's optimal smoothing benefits.
Now the conceptual model can be restated and expanded:
- With constant building physical condition, and consistent occupancy, operation and maintenance ("consistent conditions"), variations in total energy use rate from one occupancy cycle to the next depend entirely on weather and inside temperature.
- For weather variations, outside temperature is the dominant driver of energy use rate; variations in humidity, wind, and insolation tend to be randomly distributed or second order effects.
- Under consistent conditions, a plot of cycle-average energy use rate versus mean coincident delta-T, over a sufficient number of cycles, will form a characteristic curve. With consistent conditions, all future cycles will fall on this same curve.
- Significant scatter in such a curve will be due to inconsistent operation, or to changes in building physical condition, maintenance, or occupancy.
Notice the substitution of "consistent" for "constant", as regards occupancy, operation, and maintenance. "Occupancy cycle" means the regular occupancy cycle. It might be one day for a nursing home, prison or hospital, but more typically is one week. Regular occupancy cycle does not include irregular situations such as weeks with holidays, plant shut-downs for maintenance, etc. Things that change total or heating or cooling loads or HVAC efficiency compared to regular occupancy should be considered as possibly irregular. The examples that follow will help you understand what's "regular" and what's not.
Thermal inertia, and letting changes in wind, humidity, and sun average out are good reasons to use weekly, (not daily) cycles. Defining "significant scatter" needs examples or statistics. For a statistical explanation, read the following paragraph. Otherwise, the examples show what's "significant scatter".
Statisticians sometimes try to describe a data set with an equation that produces a curve or line. The curve is chosen so it goes through or near as many points as possible on a graph of the data. "Scatter" refers to deviation of data points from the curve or line fitted to the data points. "Correlation coefficient" (r2) describes how well the curve fits the data. R2 = 1.0 indicates the curve perfectly fits the data, with zero scatter. Points away from the curve constitute scatter; points far from the curve are "outliers". Values below 1.0 indicate the curve doesn't perfectly describe the relationship between data points. For example, r2 = 0.96 indicates that the curve fit accounts for 96% of the variations in data values, with 4% "scatter" or unexplained variation. For an energy signature like figure 2, r2 = 0.96 indicates that variation of energy use rate with delta-T explains 96% of the variation in energy use rate, with 4% scatter, unexplained by delta-T. For heating conditions, a working definition of "significant scatter" is r2 value less than 0.96.
Measurement Requirements
"Basic measurements" needed for an energy signature are modest. Figure 2 is an energy signature for an all-electric building. Three data points - hourly measurements of total energy use, inside and outside temperature - were needed (with gas or steam, a fourth data channel is needed.) Beyond these minimums, more measurements may be added to improve problem-solving capabilities, or for larger buildings.
Energy Signature Characteristics
Figure 2 uses hourly data in a weekly "rolling average" form, to get a continuous curve. Each hourly data point uses energy data for the most recent 168 hours (one week), matched with temperatures for the same 168 hours. Updating each hour gives a continuous curve of hourly values. The endpoint of each week's data is marked with a symbol. It's useful to mark each week's data with a different symbol, so that points of interest can be related back to a particular time. When plotting longer periods of time, plotting just the weekly values and their symbols produces less clutter. Showing energy use rate on a per-square-foot basis gives size-independent values that enable comparisons between buildings. Energy data can also be plotted against outside temperature, but ignoring inside temperature increases scatter.
Example Energy Signatures
Example headings indicate the main ideas shown. Additional application and interpretation tips are also presented.
Detecting Variations in Operation. Figure 3 shows 1990-91 heating season data for a 200,000 ft2 all-electric middle school (Plymouth-Carver Intermediate School, PCIS) in Massachusetts (Lambert 1991). For first-cut analysis, a linear fit of all points, r2 = 0.87. But the data suggest two lines (rather than a single line or curve), indicating two distinct types of consistent operation. We found that on holiday weekends (points V,T,C,N, & K - Veteran's day, Thanksgiving, Christmas, New year's & Martin L. King day) rooftop HVAC was entirely shut down for three days, not two.
This means there are really two distinct occupancy cycle types. Re-evaluating the data as two sets, the fits improved to r2 = 0.95 (two-day weekends) and 0.925 (three-day weekends). But this left a puzzle. Delta-T explicitly accounts for temperature setback. "Consistent conditions" implies a consistent average building loss coefficient. Just reducing temperatures would shift operation to the left, on the same curve. Two distinct curves meant something else had changed - the average building loss coefficient. Shutting fans off reduced ventilation loads, reducing the weekly average building loss coefficient for three-day weekends.
This data, confirmed by on-site investigation, helped us to discover that rooftop HVAC mixed air temperatures were revised from 65 to 60, co-incident with a lighting retrofit. Greatly increased ventilation made the lighting retrofit appear to fail.
Also, the energy signature slopes allow quantifying set-back savings. They showed the school could save $1500 per month for each degree winter-time inside average temperatures were reduced.
Holidays mostly fall near week-ends. This, and thermal inertia effects, make Wednesday noon a good time to start the "data week". Thus, one week (not two) is affected by most holidays.
Figure 3 used the building main meter and the average of five inside temperatures, to sample 36 rooftop HVAC zones.
Comparing Different Buildings. Energy signatures can be compared, using Watts/square foot. PCIS (the school in fig. 3) is compared to four nearby 55,000 Sq. ft. all-electric elementary schools in Figure 4. Linear fits of data (holiday weeks excluded) are shown for PCIS plus Federal, Indian Brook, South and West (P,F,I,S,W).
The elementary schools were built from the same plans. The same vintage as PCIS, they had near-identical designs, in terms of insulation, fenestration, structural panels, mechanical equipment, etc., to PCIS. If size were the only difference, one would expect near-identical area-normalized energy signatures for all five. Instead, there are significant differences.
We suspected O&M differences; two different ventilation control types and control settings were discovered. Federal and Indian Brook used a fixed percentage of outside air for ventilation. PCIS, South, and West all used mixed air temperature control, albeit with differing mixed air temperature settings.
Checking Staff Efficiency, Detecting Interactive Effects and reakdowns. Figures 5 and 6 show weekly data for Federal and West Elementary.
As with PCIS, regular and holiday weeks differed. Figure 5 shows four holiday weeks "below trend", consistent with longer HVAC shut-downs for holiday weeks (except King day) at Federal.
Figure 6 shows some holiday weeks above trend at West; there were no holiday shutdowns. West's custodian was suspected of neglecting to program holiday shutdowns. But data also showed an equipment problem at West, discussed below.
Thanksgiving and Christmas weeks (T & C) are visibly above trend in Figure 6. This indicates interaction between lights and HVAC. Why?
Both lights and HVAC furnish part of the energy required during heating conditions. The heat from "internal gains" such as lights is delivered at 100% efficiency, since lights are entirely within the heated envelope. But energy input to the HVAC system suffers over 25% losses, from ducts (conduction & leakage), and from tempering mixed air; efficiency is less than 75%.
Internal gains from lights and equipment were lower during the holidays, requiring more heat from the rooftop HVAC. Resistance space heat required higher total energy input to maintain the same delta-T, when the schools were vacant.
Interaction between lights (100% efficiency) and HVAC (~75% efficiency) thus explains why points T and C were above trend at West.
Figure 6 also shows a striking O&M problem. The high outlier (point K) includes a three day week-end, M. L. King day. Saturday, setback had started, when a power outage disrupted the EMCS. It reverted to fail-safe mode - occupied temper-ature and ventilation settings, day and night, for the weekend, just after passage of a cold front. Extra cost of this one O&M mishap was $2600, all because the EMCS needed new back-up batteries.
Each elementary school used two inside temperature sensors to sample 9 HVAC zones.
Energy Signatures used as an MIS for Commissioning and O&M Improvement.
Figures 7...9 show energy signatures used for both commissioning and energy management. A multi-channel programmable data logger was used to gather data for the energy signatures. This allowed monitoring other items expected to be of interest.
In commissioning, it's not unusual to find errors in controls installation or programming. For each modular, we monitored total and HVAC energy use (two units per modular, except for A), and one inside temperature. Monitoring each HVAC unit separately allowed use of HVAC diagnostics1 on each unit, for rapid commissioning. Subtracting HVAC from total energy isolates lighting & equipment, to examine it for efficient scheduling.
Figure 7 shows baseline data for six modular classrooms in Bend, OR for three weeks during February and March 1998. Three weeks of pre-commissioning data are shown for each of buildings A...F. Of the six modulars, five are identical in envelope, size and HVAC units. Modular A is half-size, with one HVAC unit instead of two. Since the modular classrooms all came from the same production line, one might expect them to be nearly identical. If they were identical, they would all plot on the same line. But the plot looks like something from a 12-gauge shotgun. Their performance is not identical.
First, modular D uses about 150% more energy than the others. Second, although A, B, C, E and F are more closely grouped, they still differ by more than 50% in energy intensity. Third, there's a 10oF range in delta T values, for modulars subject to identical weather. All these observations warranted follow-up.
Diagnostics for modular D showed one HVAC unit operated continuously, alternately heating and cooling. The compressor or the strip heat was on at all times. Our diagnostics spotted this problem immediately, and guided warranty service. When called, the service contractor's first impulse was to replace the thermostat. Discovering this had already been done twice, we removed a known functioning thermostat from another unit, and showed it did not fix the problem. Obliged to probe the HVAC unit's factory wiring, the serviceman stopped unwanted cooling.
Subsequently, diagnostics showed the unit's fan still ran continuously, regardless of the fan mode selected. That problem was eliminated on the third warranty service call.
Why weren't these modulars, from the same production line, all alike? The differences could not be solely inside temperature preferences. Had this been so, all would have plotted on the same line, perhaps to the right or left of each other. Modular A is a single-wide, but the others are double-wides. Hence Modular A could have a slightly higher skin loss coefficient per square foot. But E and F are higher than B and C, despite identical sizes, envelopes and HVAC units. Part four of our concept statement says that occupancy, O&M differences or hidden physical differences are the remaining possible explanations for the scatter. Ventilation differences (leading to different overall heat loss coefficients) were suspected.
HVAC diagnostics showed a variety of fan modes in use, ranging from 24/7 "fan-on" to "fan-auto" during occupied hours. Different amounts of ventilation likely account for some of the differences. We decided to try using fan-auto mode as default, with staff able to manually select fan-on mode for more fresh air.
Finally, the wide delta-T range showed inconsistent temperature settings or setbacks. After reviewing fan modes, we saw variations in temperature patterns. Few of the staff understood how to program their thermostats. The result? Some thermostats were used as manual on/off controls.
Manual operation also caused expensive demand peaks at morning warm-up. Monitoring confirmed many units were turned on when teachers first arrived. To fix this, all thermostats were re-programmed for aggressive night and weekend setbacks, and a "staggered" (sequential rather than simultaneous) recovery from setback.
1 HVAC diagnostics allow many HVAC operating characteristics to be monitored, using only a power sensor. In this case, five parameters - Total HVAC energy use, fan-on mode energy use, compressor-mode energy use, compressor-mode duty cycle, and number of on-off cycles per hour - were monitored for each of 11 HVAC units, providing 55 channels using a total of 11 power sensors. See references for more info on monitoring details of HVAC operation.
Estimating Savings Potential. Figure 8 is an early energy signature for modular C, showing the first four weeks.
The energy signature for Modular C was below baseline data for all the other modulars. We concluded that modular C's energy signature was an achievable condition or goal for the rest of the modulars, except A.
In four weeks, the signature for C didn't cover a full year's temperature range, but it allowed rough estimates of what could be accomplished if the other modulars were like it. This allows quantifying three of the four problems shown by Figure 7, to estimate the O&M savings potential for six modulars. This was done by looking at percentage reduction possible at a known delta-T, or (for setbacks) reduction in delta-T, with results as follows:
- 25% energy savings (of the total for all six modulars) from correcting modular D's continuous cooling/heating problem.
- 10 to 15% energy savings from consistent, aggressive setbacks (for affected units).
- 10 to 15% energy savings from systematic ventilation control (for affected units).
- 40% reduction in peak demand, from a staggered start sequence for morning warm-up.
Other observations - The only change made with modular C (at the start of week 4) was adding a setback schedule. Since energy signatures explicitly account for changing inside temperatures, the data should still plot on the same curve. After adding setbacks, this is just what happened - operating points moved further to the left. Symbols "C" represents baseline data, "1" represents data after setback started. Setbacks reduced average inside temperature by about 3oF, reducing heating energy intensity by about 0.2 W/sq.ft. (about 10%). Note: temperature change energy effects must be assessed using average change in inside temperature, rather than a up-or-down shift in the energy signature.
The two segments of the line in Figure 8 that are "above trend" include data from holidays (as opposed to weeks with five days of classes). As noted for Figure 6, HVAC had to provide more of the total heat needed when the building was vacant, with lights off. The lights delivered heat at greater efficiency than the HVAC, showing HVAC losses caused by ventilation or ducting.
In Part 2 of this article, we'll show before-and-after examples of commissioning work, showing clearly measurable savings. We'll also show how to make weather-normalized comparisons between computer model outputs and real buildings, and describe how to use these techniques in your facility. References follow Part 2.


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2. Debuting the Advanced Style Documentary (Trailer) Short at the A Shaded View of Fashion Film Festival in Paris
5. Randomly running into two ladies from England on a quest for Advanced Style inspiration
6.Spending more wonderful afternoons with Ilona Royce Smithkin, and learning how to make stylish accessories out of a discarded umbrella
7. The Advanced Style Fashion Week Party at The Ace Hotel
8.Hearing 20 of 99 year old Rose's Fashion and Style Tips:
1.Find your perfect perfume, people will remember you by your scent. Rose is known for her Pauline Trigere fragrance.She tells her granddaughter "I'll give you anything in the world, but I won't give you my perfume."
2.Belts and Beads. Rose believes that a belt or unique strand of beads can really make an outfit and they don't have to cost a fortune.
3.Take care of your feet and wear good shoes, but when you are going out for a night on the town "Fashion comes before comfort" At 98, Rose goes out every single night!
4."Walking is a must, its better than doctors or medicine"
5.No need to use expensive moisturizers, Rose swears by Oil of Olay which she has been using for decades.
6."Inexspensive lipstick is as good as expensive, only better!" Rose has tried every brand from Chanel to Lauder and has recently been turned on to Revlon.
7.Be Unique: "If Everyone is wearing it, then its not for me"
8."Be smart enough to know what you don't know"
9.If you have trouble reading the dinner menu, Lorgnettes are a fashionable and elegant alternative to reading glasses.
10."Be Happy, enjoy what you have at every moment!"
11.Stay Organized "If you take a toothpick out,or a pair of pantyhose, or a hundred dollar bill,always put it back where you found it, because if you add up the the time you spent looking for it later, that's a waste of time."
12."Always tell the truth because if you don't you'll have to think of another lie."
13."Be More, appear Less."
14."Always take the phone off the hook when you're in the bath."
15."Make friends with the maitre de'"
16."Never loan, Never borrow."
17."Never keep anyone waiting. Always be 15 minutes early."
18."Never look back. always look forward."19."Don't be afraid to tell your age, that's silly. Be proud of your age."
20."Don't frequent a restaurant where they don't crumb the table."
9. Traveling to Helsinki and Milan to shoot for Advanced Style
10.Meeting Iris Apfel and shooting her for Vogue Japan

subset: commoncrawl


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Categories: Deals


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Patriotic Pops RecipeRead Reviews Be the first to add a review
4 3
My kids love homemade ice pops, and I love knowing that the ones we make are good for them. We whip up a big batch with multiple flavors so they have many choices, but these patriotic red, white and blue ones are always a favorite! —Shannon Carino, Frisco, Texas
- 1-1/4 cups sliced fresh strawberries, divided
- 1-3/4 cups (14 ounces) vanilla yogurt, divided
- 1-1/4 cups fresh or frozen blueberries, divided
- 12 freezer pop molds or 12 paper cups (3 ounces each) and wooden pop sticks
- In a blender, combine 1 cup strawberries and 2 tablespoons yogurt; cover and process until blended. Transfer to a small bowl. Chop remaining strawberries; stir into strawberry mixture.
- In same blender, combine 1 cup blueberries and 2 tablespoons yogurt; cover and process until blended. Stir in remaining blueberries.
- Layer 1 tablespoon strawberry mixture, 2 tablespoons yogurt and 1 tablespoon blueberry mixture in each of 12 molds or paper cups. Top molds with holders. If using cups, top with foil and insert sticks through foil. Freeze until firm. Yield: 1 dozen.
Originally published as Patriotic Popsicles in Patriot Family After-School Snack Contest 2011
Reviews for Patriotic Pops
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Reviewed Jun. 29, 2014
"I added a 1/4 cup of juice to 2 cups strawberries and a 1/4 cup of juice to 2 cups of blueberries, which helped thin it out and sweeten the fruit puree. With those quantities and 16 oz of vanilla yogurt, I got 10 popsicles."
Reviewed Jun. 13, 2013
"I added a little juice to the strawberry and blueberry parts to thin it out a bit while it blended. That worked pretty well, but my son didn't like it much. I did add banana, milk and honey to the middle (white) part. That was his favorite (and mine too). They do look nice, but the berries were pretty messy. I'm try it again soon with a few alterations to fit our tastes."
Reviewed Jul. 4, 2012
"strawberry and blueberry parts were pretty tart. we put banana in the middle and that was our favorite flavor. They are pretty."


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DP150: Unlocking the Red Chain of Events!
this wiki
While taking a little time off on their way to Sunyshore City and Ash's next Gym Battle, our heroes discover Team Rocket's Meowth. The dazed Pokémon has been separated from Jessie and James after a rough run-in with Team Galactic! After explaining the situation, Meowth and our heroes head out to Team Galactic's secret base to rescue Jessie and James, as well as Looker from the International Police.
As Team Galactic continues to put the pieces together to accomplish their evil plans, our heroes confront the mysterious Jupiter of Team Galactic. She informs them she is aware of their previous encounters with the three lake Pokémon Mesprit, Azelf and Uxie. This news bewilders our heroes all the more. Meanwhile, the gang (along with Meowth) rescues Looker, who has been trapped in a cell along with Jessie and James. Team Galactic gets away, leaving Looker and our heroes still wondering what the evil organization is up to.
While trying to unravel the mystery, Looker discovers an object left behind by Team Galactic that, upon examination, destroys every bit of data the International Police have collected on them! That leaves everyone frustrated, but doubly determined to get to the bottom of Team Galactic's evil plans as Pokémon Hunter J prepares to catch the very same three lake Pokémon...


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Ehlert Joins Vol State as Dean of Humanities
Submitted on January 26, 2011 at 11:04 AM
Alycia Ehlert is the new dean of humanities for Volunteer State Community College. She joins the college at the end of January to lead the largest academic division on campus. Ehlert was most recently Interim Dean of Humanities at Darton College in Albany, Georgia, where she taught for several years as assistant professor of communication. She has also held teaching positions at South Texas College, Western Michigan University and at public schools in Battle Creek, Michigan.
Ehlert has a Doctor of Education degree from the University of Georgia, a Master of Arts degree from Western Michigan University and a Bachelor of Arts degree, also from Western Michigan University.
A service provided by the Office of Public Relations.


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Attorney Martin Sweet of THELAW.TV answers:
What is the difference between pre-foreclosure and foreclosure?
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Martin Sweet, J.D., PhD., is THELAW.TV's Research Advisor. If you need legal assistance, please consult one of the featured law firms on MadisonLaw.tv or choose a legal topic to the left to get answers.
Foreclosure and Personal Finance \ All Questions
What is the difference between pre-foreclosure and foreclosure?
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Martin Sweet is a visiting assistant professor of political science at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. He teaches and researches in the area of American Politics and Constitutional Law. He earned his J.D. in 1995 from the University of Minnesota Law School and his Ph.D. in 2003 from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. In 2005, he was co-awarded by the American Political Science Association for the nation's best dissertation in the area of public law. Martin is the author of Merely Judgment: Ignoring, Evading, and Trumping the Supreme Court, published by the University of Virginia Press, and is a regular political and legal contributor on television.


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Search Results for "carla-lalli-music"
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Cooking Without Recipes
A Breakfast Smoothie the Kids Won't Even Know Is Healthy(!)
Our food director's trick for getting her kids to down fruit smoothies: give 'em a fancy name.
Test Kitchen
How to Cook with Tomato Water
Tomato water--the rose-colored juice released from the cut fruit--tastes like a super-concentrated version of ripe tomatoes. Here's how to make and use it
Cooking Tips
3 Recipes for Homemade Seasoning Salts with Herbs and Spices
Salt isn't just salt--it can be a vehicle for far more complex flavors. Here's 3 ways to punch it up with a range of herbs and spices
Cooking Tips
Refreshing Summer Ginger Drink That Doesn't Require a Recipe
With copious amount of ginger, lemon, lime, and honey, columnist Carla Lalli Music concocts a no-recipe drink powerful enough to battle a heat wave
Test Kitchen
How to Make Juice Popsicles Without a Recipe
A fruity popsicle is every kid's (and many adults') summer craving, and as columnist Carla Lalli Music explains, you don't need a recipe to make them
Entertaining + Style
Jack Johnson, Kelly Slater, and Mark Healey Surfing and Fishing in Hawaii
On Oahu, musician Jack Johnson and chef Ed Kenney throw a beach party with family, farmers, friends (hi, Kelly Slater!), and the freshest, most delicious food in Hawaii
Cooking Tips
How to Grill Flatbread Without a Recipe, Kind of Like a Pizza But Not Really
It's just a grilled flatbread, topped with pizza-like toppings, and made without a recipe by columnist Carla Lalli Music
Cooking Tips
How to Grill Maitake Mushrooms, a.k.a. Hen of the Woods
Maitake mushrooms--a.k.a. hen of the woods--grill up great. Just add a ton of olive oil, some low heat, and salt and pepper
Cooking Tips
How to Make Monkfish Stew Without a Recipe
Inspired by the French seafood stew, columnist Carla Lalli Music's talented friend whips up a freestyle version to make her (and us) drool
Mel Brooks on Omelettes, Coffee, and the Inimitable Appetite of Alfred Hitchcock
The subject of PBS's latest American Masters documentary reveals his culinary skills


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(Sports Network) - The Toronto Maple Leafs are right in the thick of the
Eastern Conference playoff race thanks to an eight-game point streak, while a
season-high three-game winning streak has the Philadelphia Flyers looking to
crash the party as well.
The two clubs meet for the third and final time this regular season on
Thursday night in Toronto.
The Leafs have gone 5-0-3 over their past eight games and sit in a tie for
fifth overall in the East with the Ottawa Senators with 44 points. That has
them five points ahead of a trio of teams in the conference that are tied for
the final two postseason spots.
The Flyers are looking to join that group and sit four points back of the
three teams thanks to their first three-game winning streak of the season.
They picked up a big 5-3 victory over the Northeast Division-leading Montreal
Canadiens on Wednesday night.
Philadelphia trailed by a goal after giving up two scores 20 seconds apart
late in the second period, but got some fortunate bounces in the third frame.
Wayne Simmonds was credited with a tying goal at the 14:54 mark of the third
when Bruno Gervais' shot hit off his right skate and in, while Erik Gustafsson
put the Flyers ahead with 3:36 to play when his centering pass hit off a
Montreal player and into the back of the net.
Jakub Voracek had an empty-net goal, while Sean Couturier and Simon Gagne also
lit the lamp in the victory, which gave the Flyers a 3-1-1 record on a five-
game homestand ahead of their upcoming three-game swing.
"We have a never-quit attitude and we're getting rewarded for it," said Flyers
forward Brayden Schenn. "It doesn't matter if we're down two or up one, we're
still working hard in the third periods and trying to win hockey games. We got
to keep it going."
Ilya Bryzgalov faced only two Montreal shots in the third and finished with 14
saves. He has appeared in 34 of Philadelphia's 36 games this season, but could
be in line for some time off after the Flyers acquired former Calder Trophy
winning netminder Steve Mason from the Columbus Blue Jackets on Wednesday for
backup goaltender Michael Leighton and a 2015 third-round pick.
Mason shined in his debut season of 2008-09, helping the Blue Jackets make
their only postseason appearance. He captured the Calder Trophy after logging
33 wins, 10 shutouts and a 2.29 goals against average.
For his career, Mason has compiled a 96-99-27 record with a 2.90 GAA, .903
save percentage and 19 shutouts.
It is unknown who will start versus the Maple Leafs.
Philadelphia, which saw forward Zac Rinaldo leave last night's game with a
lower body injury, also claimed forward Adam Hall off waivers from the Tampa
Bay Lightning.
The Maple Leafs take aim at a fourth straight victory on Thursday night as
well and have been out of action since a 4-0 win over the Senators on
Nazem Kadri and Joffrey Lupul both factored into all four goals. Kadri posted
the second hat trick of his career with an assist, while Lupul had a goal and
three helpers.
Kadri leads the Leafs with 17 goals and 39 points, while Lupul has notched at
least one goal in all six games he has played since missing most of the season
with a broken forearm. He has eight goals and five helpers in that span.
"It's really easy to play with him because he's always in the right place at
the right time," said Kadri about Lupul. "We've been working really well
together and it's been fun here."
James Reimer stopped 31 shots for his second shutout of the season.
Toronto made one trade prior to Wednesday's deadline, getting defenseman Ryan
O'Byrne from the Colorado Avalanche in exchange for a fourth-round pick in the
2014 draft.
The Maple Leafs have won both of their previous meetings with the Flyers this
season after dropping five straight and nine of the last 10 encounters. They
snapped a five-game series home losing streak with a 5-2 win on Feb. 11.
The Sports Network


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Crown Princess presents Bertil Hult Prize
On 25 September, Crown Princess Victoria presented the "Bertil Hult Prize" to Norrtull School in Eksjö. The prize was...
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King visits New York and Detroit
On Wednesday 24 September, The King began a five-day visit to the USA. The King was invited to events surrounding "The...
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Crown Princess Victoria makes opening speech on "Brain Day"
On 24 September, Crown Princess Victoria opened the Brain Foundation´s education day, "Brain Day", at Uppsala Concert &...
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Prince Carl Philip opens Swedish design exhibition in Hamburg
On 24 September, Prince Carl Philip opened the exhibition Design S/Swedish Design Award at the Hamburg Museum of...
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Queen opens World Forum Against Drugs and Council of Europe´s children´s conference
On 8 September, The Queen opened the "World Forum Against Drugs" in Stockholm. Representatives from 82 different...
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Crown Princess congratulates medallists
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King and Queen and The Crown Princess attend Synod
On Tuesday 23 September, The King and Queen and The Crown Princess attended the opening of the Synod in Uppsala.
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Crown Princess Victoria in Uppsala on the 60th anniversary of the death of Folke Bernadotte
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King opens Parliamentary Session
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Queen celebrates "Pensioners´ Day"
The 3 September marked the 10th anniversary of "Pensioners´ Day" on Ekerö. The Queen took the initiative in establishing...
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Crown Princess attends Paralympics
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King visits Storuman
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Queen presents diploma to best Mayflower sellers
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King visits Skärholmen district of Stockholm
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Crown Princess Victoria visits Abisko
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Crown Princess presents "Swedish-American of the Year" Award
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King and Queen visit the Olympic Games
The King and Queen were at the Olympic Games in China between 15 and 25 August, and attended the doubles tennis final,...
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Crown Princess Victoria presents Junior Water Prize
On 19 August, Joyce Chair from the USA was presented with the Junior Water Prize by the Crown Princess.Joyce Chai was...
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Crown Princess presents Stockholm Water Prize
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Crown Princess visits Ministry of Defence
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King presents Polar Music Prize
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Crown Princess presents this year´s Export Hermes Award
On 28 August, The Crown Princess presented the "Export Hermes" Award to companies Tobil Technology in Danderyd, and Cibes...
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May 4, 2016
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology police officer said to have been shot and killed by the Boston Marathon bombing suspects has a North Carolina connection.
Officer Sean Collier's brother, Andrew, is a machinist at Hendrick Motorsports in Charlotte.
The Middlesex district attorney's office says Collier was a Somerville resident who had worked at MIT since January 2012. Before that, he was a civilian employee of the Somerville Police Department.
MIT Police Chief John DiFava says Collier was a dedicated officer who was liked by his colleagues and the MIT community.
Collier was found shot several times in his vehicle in Cambridge at about 10:30 p.m. Thursday. He was pronounced dead at Massachusetts General Hospital.
In a statement, Hendrick Motorsports says Andrew Collier joined them in September 2008 and that their thoughts and prayers are with him and his family.
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training a pup when company comes..
OK, I live alone and do not often have visitors. How do I train my 6 month old to not jump on visitors and be a wild nut. I always leash her but she gets wild and doesn't listen at all. She does settle down after a bit. Maybe for her age that is all I can expect. I do not know. And when the grandkids come I cannot unleash her at all. They are pretty little and she would hurt them. Plus they are afraid of her. I just want to do it right. Advice???
A golden retrievers mission in life is to celebrate people and throw a party for them, that is a part of the reason why we love them so much.
There are people out there that will advise you to to use the sit and stay command. I have found this to be an unrealistic expectation for our bright bundles of joy in the real world when your visitors enter the house in a bright and bubbly manner.
You have a few challenges:
1. The secret to calming behaviour is exposure, this is difficult if you do not have visitors over very often. If people came and went all day long this would no longer be the highlight of her day. Taking for her to walks in the city centre will get her used to meeting people.
2. Age is a huge factor so it may be a relief to know that she will not always be this way.
3. Your visitors need to be given the right body language tips and commands to settle her. This is extremely difficult with children who often want to jump and play themselves. You could ask the kids to help you to teach her to be calm when she is being good by giving her treats. This also teaches the children how to be calm around her in an enjoyable manner.
The most practical thing you can do is to use an easy walker harness (ring at the front of the chest) until she is settled before gradually involving her in family activities. You may also choose to wear her out before your visitors come with a decent walk.
As you know goldens are wonderful family pets if you can get over that initial excitement.
Last edited by Doug; 12-20-2012 at 12:35 AM.
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I agree she needs more exposure. Take her around a lot of different people and situations so she can learn what is appropriate behavior.
Also, if she jumps at home when you come home, ignore her. Or raise your knee. Or turn away from her when sentries to jump.
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Hecate's Hellhound, Bearer of Mischief, CGC - "Bear"
Hecate's Hellhound, Gypsy Magic - "Gypsy"
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Ben also has issues because he is not used to company. He has knocked people down as they came in the door, and made a complete pest of himself trying to get a non-dog person to pet him. It's not easy. It does, however, get better as he gets more exposure to company.
A couple of ideas: 1) make sure your guests know before they arrive not to pay any attention to your puppy until she is completely calm: no eye contact, no touch, no talking. 2) Put her in a separate room before your guests arrive. Greet your guests and have them sit down without her in the room. When she is no longer barking and scratching at the door, let her out, but again, don't let the people acknowledge her until she is calm. When she does calm down, have the guests call her over and give her a treat, one at a time. Then have her sit or lie down nearby. But don't make her the focus of attention.
With Ben, he knows that once we start talking, he might as well zone out, so he does.
We're having grandchildren over for a few days after Christmas, and one of the big things I need to do is teach the kids not to get him excited. We've worked very hard to calm him down. We can play without him losing control. But kids high voices, waving arms, and excitement can push him over the edge. Teaching them how to behave is as big as teaching him.
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I would find a obediance training group where you can work on the obediance commands and be able to socialize the dog even more. Duration, distractions and distance will be the key components of the commands once formalized with the dog. I keep mine in a down/stay when someone comes to visit until I release him but he has learned self control. I have also told people to put a knee up or push him down with a palm to the snout and say no for me to help reinforce not jumping up. A good swift correction is much better and fair to the dog but they have to be taught the expectations first
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An Army sergeant has been sentenced to life in prison with the chance of parole after 20 years. Sgt. Vincinte Jackson will also be dishonorably discharged for killing 28-year-old Spc. Brandy Fonteneaux.
A panel of eight soldiers decided Jackson's sentence Thursday night.
"I think that the justice system on the military installation today actually gave honor back to the uniform that he took away," said Fonteneaux's sister, Lore Malloy.
He apologized to her family and admitted to the killing at Fort Carson in Colorado.
A weeping Jackson took the stand Thursday hours after the military panel convicted him of unpremeditated murder in the stabbing and choking Fonteneaux. Jackson said he doesn't know why it happened and said he took full responsibility for his actions.
His testimony came at the end of an emotional sentencing hearing that included statements from both Jackson's and Fontenaux's families. Jackson's family had no comment for 11 News.
Fonteneaux was found dead in her barracks room on Jan. 8. She was stabbed 74 times.
Prior to the sentencing deliberations Jackson's defense pleaded to the military panel to consider a sentence of 28 years. That was how old Fonteneaux was when she died. Jackson's defense also maintained he was "overcome with something horrible," the night of Fonteneaux's death and will be haunted by the events forever.
The panel deliberated for about 30 minutes before delivering Jackson's sentence.
"I'm relieved because he is getting what he deserves," said Fonteneaux's mother Verona. "Brandy can rest now."
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The Power of Independent Thinking
What Should the Fed Be Doing? Myths, Current Strategies and Alternatives
Recorded: Monday, November 12, 2012
Research Fellow David Beckworth, editor of Boom and Bust Banking, and Research Fellow Scott Sumner, contributor to Boom and Bust Banking, discuss the role of the Fed.
Experts: David Beckworth, Scott SumnerType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Banking and Finance, Bureaucracy and Government, Business, Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economic Policy, Fiscal Policy/Debt, Free Market Economics, Regulation and Deregulation
The New International Arms Race in SpaceAnd How to Avoid It
Recorded: Friday, March 7, 2008
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Part 6
Did the United States test an anti-satellite weapon when it shot down an out-of-control spy satellite earlier this month? Or was it a precautionary measure to protect people on the ground who might have been hit with a fuel tank filled with a poisonous gas?
Experts: Peter L. Hays, Theresa Hitchens, Jeff Kueter, Mike MooreType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Defense and Foreign Policy, Diplomacy and Foreign Aid, Government Secrecy, History (International), History (U.S), Science, Technology


text:
The Power of Independent Thinking
Ron Paul: Understanding Liberty
Recorded: Wednesday, April 9, 2014
April 9, 2014
In this clip from "Ron Paul: Liberty Defined," Dr. Paul describes how real positive change comes from understanding liberty and economics.
Experts: Ron PaulType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Bureaucracy and Government, Business, Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Constitutional Law, Economic Policy, Economists, Fiscal Policy/Debt, Government Power, Political Ideology and Philosophy
The Supreme Court and the Battle for Second Amendment Rights
Recorded: Thursday, July 22, 2010
In June 2008 the U.S. Supreme Court handed down a landmark ruling on the Second Amendment individual right to keep and bear arms with its Heller v. District of Columbia decision. Two years later, in June 2010, a second historic decision squeezed through the highest court in the land.
Experts: Stephen P. Halbrook, Donald E. J. Kilmer Jr.Type: Independent Institute EventIssues: Bureaucracy and Government, Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Constitutional Law, Criminal Justice/ Prisons, Culture/ Society, Gun Control, History (U.S), Law Enforcement, Litigation, Political Ideology and Philosophy, Race Issues
Is Walmart Good or Bad for America? A Debate
Recorded: Tuesday, May 8, 2007
Richard K. Vedder and Ken Jacobs debate whether the rise of Walmart and similar big box retailers have been beneficial or harmful to the US economy.
Richard K. Vedder is Senior Fellow at The Independent Institute and Edwin and Ruth Kennedy Distinguished Professor of Economics and Faculty Associate, Contemporary History Institute, Ohio University. Professor Vedder is co-author (with Lowell Gallaway) of The Independent Institute book, "Out of Work," the recipient of both the Sir Antony Fisher International Memorial Award and Mencken Award Finalist for Best Book, and the Institute monograph, Can Teachers Own Their Own Schools?
Ken Jacobs is Chair of the U.C. Berkeley Labor Center, and a former member of the Mayors Universal Health Care Council in San Francisco. He is the Co-author od Declining Job-Based Health Coverage for Working Families in California and the United States, and Hidden Costs of Wal-Mart Jobs.
David J. Theroux is Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer of The Independent Institute and Publisher of The Independent Review.
Type: Independent Institute EventIssues: Antitrust, Competition, and Monopoly, Business, Culture/ Society, Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economists, Free Market Economics, History (U.S), Labor and Employment, Politics, Public Health/ Consumer Protection
P.J. ORourke On the Wealth of Nations
Recorded: Friday, February 9, 2007
Part 1 |
Part 2
Part 3
Americas most provocative humorist, P. J. ORourke, has read pioneering economist Adam Smiths The Wealth of Nations, first published in 1776, so we dont have toand the results are as entertaining as they are enlightening.
Experts: P. J. ORourkeType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Economic Policy, Economists
Friedrich Hayek and the Future of Liberty
Recorded: Wednesday, May 16, 2001
Friedrich A. Hayek (1899-1992) left such a profound mark on economic and political thought that The New Yorker has called the 20th century, "The Hayek Century." After converting to free-market capitalism and classical liberalism in the 1920s, Hayek became one of socialism's and statism's staunchest critics. His 1944 bestseller, The Road to Serfdom, warned of central government planning's authoritarian, and even totalitarian, tendencies- and helped reignite worldwide interest in the philosophy and practice of freedom. Although Hayek's 1974 Nobel Prize in Economic Science brought renewed interest in his ideas, it wasn't until the collapse of the Soviet Bloc (which Hayek predicted) that his vast writings on economics, political philosophy, law, history, culture, and other fields became broadly recognized as essential to achieve a prosperous, humane and free society. Biographer Alan Ebenstein and economist Charles Baird shed light on Hayek's seminal legacy and the rebirth of freedom.
Experts: Charles W. Baird, Alan O. EbensteinType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economic Policy, Economists, Fiscal Policy/Debt, Public Health/ Consumer Protection
Virtual Money, Privacy, and the Internet
Recorded: Wednesday, October 20, 1999
October 20, 1999
The Independent Institute, Oakland, CA
Peter A. Thiel
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Confinity, Inc., and Research Fellow at The Independent Institute
Richard W. Rahn
President, Novecon Corporation; former Chief Economist, U.S. Chamber of Commerce; and author of the book, The End of Money and the Struggle for Financial Privacy
Experts: Richard W. Rahn, Peter A. ThielType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Banking and Finance, Economic Policy, Economists, Free Market Economics, History (U.S), Technology
Free Markets and the Economics of Life
Recorded: Thursday, March 18, 1999
Economics is never the "dismal science" when discussed by Nobel Laureate economist Gary S. Becker and his wife, the historian Guity Nashat Becker. In this Independent Policy Forum and based on their book, The Economics of Life: From Baseball to Affirmative Action to Immigration, How Real-World Issues Affect Our Everyday Life, the Beckers will examine the "war on drugs," healthcare, education, marriage and divorce, the homeless, immigration, corporate leadership, religion, baseball, affirmative action, the minimum wage, Social Security, crime, and much more.
Experts: Gary S. Becker, Guity Nashat BeckerType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Economic Policy, Economists, Free Market Economics
P.J.'s Economics 101
Recorded: Thursday, October 29, 1998
With his numerous books, articles and essays about politics, war and social disorder under his belt, it was only a matter of time until P.J. O'Rourke found his way to the subject of his new book, "Eat the Rich." In "Parliament of Whores," he lampooned the entire U.S. government. "All the Troubles in the World" attacked the pandemic worries of the politically correct; and this time it's the economy, stupid! What is wealth and how do we get it? Or as he asks, "Why do some places prosper and thrive while others just stink?"
As most people (along with many "experts") try to fathom the volatility of financial markets and the complexities of global economies, the man who Time magazine has called "one of America's most hilarious and provocative writers" brings it all into perspective. Who else but P.J. could provide this primer on Wall Street: "In order to understand the stock market we have to realize that, like anything enormous and inert, it's fundamentally stable, and like anything emotion-driven, it's volatile as hell."
But he doesn't stop there. Embarking from Wall Street, P.J. takes us on a hilarious and enlightening worldwide tour of the foibles of governments from Russia to Tanzania, from Albania to Shanghai, and from Hong Kong to Havana, and revisits college economics courses, counteracting them with his own version of Econ 101.
The result is the world's only astute, comprehensive and comic presentation of the basic principles of economics that will truly make you laugh on purpose.
P. J. ORourke
Bestselling Author, Humorist and Political Satirist
Author, Eat the Rich: A Treatise in Economics
David J. Theroux
Founder and President, The Independent Institute
Experts: P. J. ORourkeType: Independent Institute EventIssues: Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economic Policy, Economists, Free Market Economics


text:
Latest update : 2012-10-03
Our Focus programme brings you exclusive reports from around the world. From Monday to Friday at 7.45 am Paris time.
2016-04-29 Libya
Libya: Who's running the country?
The EU is mulling military operations in Libya to help shore up the new national unity government. The man at the head of this fragile, UN-backed coalition is Prime Minister...
2016-04-28 France
A closer look at France's 'Up All Night' movement
France's "Up All Night" movement has been likened to the "indignados" movement in Spain and "Occupy Wall Street" in the US. The first gathering at Paris's Place de la Republique...
2016-04-27 Iraq
Video: Iraqi woman rescues Yazidi sex slaves from IS group
Vian Dakhil is Iraq's only MP from the Yazidi community, a religious minority persecuted by the Islamic State (IS) group. For the past two years she's invested her time and most...
2016-04-26 Chernobyl
Is Chernobyl still harming children today?
Thirty years after the Chernobyl nuclear disaster near the border between Ukraine and Belarus, residents and scientists remain concerned about the possible genetic effects of the...
2016-04-25 Yemen
Djibouti emerges as key transit point for migrants and refugees
Djibouti, a tiny country of less than a million people, has emerged as a key transit point for migrants, with poverty-stricken Ethiopians, Eritreans and Sudanese all crossing the...


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Talk:Candidates for renaming
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Please remove this template when the question has been answered.
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File:Muggle Lady Employee of Subirton.JPG
The name of the diner has been identified as Treats, and the article about her is currently named Waitress at Treats, so why not go with that? - Nick O'Demus 10:09, December 3, 2009 (UTC)
Flying Ford Anglia
I suggest renaming this article "Ford Anglia 7990 TD". Apart from being its actual registration name, as confirmed in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (film), it makes the article look neater and more professional, as it is opposed to the quasi-speculative and descriptive current name. -- Seth Cooper owl post! 18:43, May 11, 2011 (UTC)
Are you sure that this article will be found with the new name? "Flying Ford Anglia" everyone knows, but a name with number? When you will use the new name then there should be a redirect to the old name, otherwise no one is able to find it. Harry granger 21:04, June 16, 2011 (UTC)
A "quasi-speculative" name? If that isn't trying to sound stuck-up, I don't know what is. Sorry, but this is a Wiki on Harry Potter - articles are allowed to not have a scientific or professional name if it helps people find them, and the name of the vehicle page is absolutely fine as it is. 184.108.40.206 22:05, July 16, 2011 (UTC)
- So sorry to disagree with you, but this wiki has always chosen the most encyclopedic way to present facts and, yes, that includes calling things by their proper names, when backed-up by solid canonical fact. That's the reason why the article on Ron Weasley is called Ronald Weasley and the article on Ginny is called Ginevra Weasley. The only reason there are articles with conjectural titles is that there are characters/objects that are sometimes not named, and as this is not the case, I don't know why we should keep this title that, in-universely, would be deemed descriptive and unfounded. (A side note: name-calling, unlike my "stuck-upness", will not help you make a point). -- Seth Cooper owl post! 22:36, July 16, 2011 (UTC)
The film is not entirely canonical; the books always come first, but since there is no information is given on the registration of the car is given in the book, the movie is the only source that can be taken as canon in this particular case. People will find it easier to search flying Ford Anglia, most people would type; 'Flying Car', 'Ford Anglia' or 'Flying Ford Anglia', not 'Ford Anglia 7990 TD'; so there would have to be a redirection anyway. The title 'Ford Anglia' is too general, so 'Flying Ford Anglia' is the next most logical, as I don't think there are any other flying Ford Anglias.So, I think the title should stay the same. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 220.127.116.11 (talk • contribs).
- According to our canon definition the car's registration name as seen in the film is a valid canon information, so why not to take it into account? You said it yourself, and very correctly, that "the movie is the only source that can be taken as canon in this particular case". Of course, people searching for 'Flying Ford Anglia' would be redirected to 'Ford Anglia 7990 TD'; pretty much like searching for Hogwarts Express food trolley redirects you to Honeydukes Express. -- Seth Cooper owl post! 15:17, July 25, 2011 (UTC)
But does this wiki choose "the most encyclopedic way" over "the most user-friendly way?" The purpose of this wiki is to easily help fans find information they need. People will always search "Flying Ford Anglia" before they search "Ford Anglia 7990 TD," perhaps because the fact the car flies is more distinguishable than its license number. Also, I argue that it's not a simpler, cleaner, neater title. "Flying Ford Anglia" are three simple, easily pronounceable words, not "Ford Anglia" and then a bundle of numbers that had absolutely no plot significance. Harrypotterfan7 03:51, August 23, 2011 (UTC)
People will still be able to find the article via a redirect, so there's no actual harm in renaming it. As for whether or not it should be renamed, well, my opinion is that we should call it by its most canonical name; if its called "flying ford anglia" in the books, then keep it. If not, use the registration number. We could even include its nickname in the description i.e. the article could go something like "the Ford Anglia 7990 TD (a.k.a. the Flying Ford Anglia) was..." —Green Zubat (owl me!). 04:34, August 23, 2011 (UTC)
- I agree with the rename, but maybe you can rename it to "Flying Ford Anglia 7990 TD"
- --.Nobody Cares .Owls • Darkmark.
12:08, September 9, 2011 (UTC)
- Great idea!
We should keep it as flying ford anglia. Because it'll be harder for people to find if we change the name to something like that. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 18.104.22.168 (talk • contribs).
The old one will also be available in searches, particularly if they set up a redirection.
By the way, in regard to the license plate number, Moment 2 in Chapter 3 of Chamber of Secrets on Pottermore gives the license plate number as COS 207; hopefully this information has helped. 126.96.36.199 04:11, August 1, 2012 (UTC)
I think that might be a good idea since when you search for that link, some different links come up so people will still recognize it. Just add flying Ford Anglia so people won't mix it up with the car in general.minicurls (Owl me!!!) (talk) 00:22, March 6, 2013 (UTC)minicurls
- I think it should be named "Flying Ford Anglia 7990 TD". --Hunnie Bunn (talk) 23:21, March 30, 2013 (UTC)
1 January
I think it would be nice if the page in question could be renamed to "1st of January", as it is would be even closer to British, nowhere close to American. If this change would end up being accepted, can ALL dates change from "Day Month" to "Day(st, nd, rd, th) of Month"? RandomYoshi 09:59, August 7, 2011 (UTC)
You're right 1st of January does sound better but we will have to let the Admins see if this is acceptable.minicurls (Owl me!!!) (talk) 00:28, March 6, 2013 (UTC)minicurls
Category:Users who support the Durmstrang Institute
Why should there be the word "the" in the title? In the category of Beauxbatons there is none. I think because of the consistency it would be better to rename to: Category:Users who support Durmstrang Institute. Harry granger Talk contribs 19:33, November 22, 2011 (UTC)
The Burrow - Duelling Arena
Fountain (The Fountain of Fair Fortune)
I suggest that Fountain (The Fountain of Fair Fortune) is renamed Fountain of Fair Fortune (The Fountain of Fair Fortune). Correct me if I'm wrong, but I think that it's not only the story but the fountain itself that is called so. ----220.127.116.11 19:35, July 17, 2012 (UTC)
- I actually think the two pages should be titled Fountain of Fair Fortune (for the object) and The Fountain of Fair Fortune (for the tale), with appropriate "youmay" tags on each article. Thoughts? -- Seth Cooper owl post! 02:29, July 20, 2012 (UTC)
I suggest renaming the object Fountain of Fair Fortune (The Fountain of Fair Fortune) (remember, we should add the (The Fountain of Fair Fortune) because the fountain is actually fictional. The story name can be kept in its own state, but "Point Me!" tags should be added to both pages. This is only my suggestion. -- RLB01 (talk) 12:05, July 26, 2012 (UTC)
- I agree with Seth. There's no reason to have the parenthetical notation on all the Beedle the Bard articles. I remember a bunch of those were removed at one point, and I think they should be removed from any articles they still remain on as well, except those that may need it for disambig purposes. As for the actual page name, the very first sentence of the story calls it "the Fountain of Fair Fortune", so it seems like a cut and dry move to me. -- 1337star (Drop me a line!) 20:41, July 26, 2012 (UTC)
Quidditch Cup
This was brought up on the talk page a long time ago, and I'm bringing it back up now. Dumbledore refers to this cup with the name "Inter-House Quidditch Cup" in GoF, and I think the article should be at this name. Not only is it apparently the full official title of the tournament, but it helps distinguish it from other Quidditch cups like the World Cup, All-Africa Cup, etc. -- 1337star (Drop me a line!) 20:41, July 26, 2012 (UTC)
- I agree. -- Seth Cooper owl post! 20:43, August 2, 2012 (UTC)
- As a Wikipedia user, if the name can be referenced as the official. I agree. 18.104.22.168 23:03, August 12, 2012 (UTC)
- Revisiting this. It's capitalised in my (Scholastic) version of GOF. But I guess if it's not in the British version, it was just a printing error. Perhaps "Hogwarts Quidditch Cup" (from Harry Potter:Quidditch World Cup) would be a better name instead, then? Or should it just remain at Quidditch Cup in this case? -- 1337star (Drop me a line!) 18:37, September 19, 2012 (UTC)
- I like "Inter-House Quidditch Cup". I think that it sounds better that way, and, well, if the proposed title is canonical, then why not? MTG1989 says hello. 02:57, September 23, 2012 (UTC)
Second-floor girls' lavatory
Treacle fudge to Treacle toffee
According to this here, this was changed from treacle fudge to treacle toffee, but I can't recall ever seeing "treacle toffee" anywhere. Can anyone verify "treacle toffee"? ProfessorTofty (talk) 04:34, February 1, 2013 (UTC)
- In the books, it is always refered to as treacle fudge. Treacle toffee wasn't metioned once.18.104.22.168 23:18, March 30, 2013 (UTC)
- I think the renaming is suspect. Fudge is similar in composition and taste to toffee, but it isn't the same; fudge is crumbly, toffee is chewy. The illustration for "treacle fudge" shows slabs of a very light brown; treacle toffee is much darker, almost black.
- And by the way, the Trio once used some of Hagrids's toffee to stick Fang's aws together to stop him barking; I think this was treacle toffee, though as it has been a few months since I last read this passage, and I can't remember which book it's in. — RobertATfm (talk) 19:43, April 21, 2013 (UTC)


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Check your local listings for Elvira's Movie Macabre, hosted by the one and only Elvira, Mistress of the Dark! The episode will feature the classic "Night of the Living Dead" and airs during the darkest hours on Friday, Saturday and/or Sunday, depending on your market (most markets will air it twice). Here in the Philly area, it's on WPHL 17 —
It really is time to bring back Midnight Movies, don't you think?


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48 U.S. Code Chapter 18 - MICRONESIA, MARSHALL ISLANDS, AND PALAU
Part A—Approval and Implementation of Original Compact
Sec. 1901. Approval of Compact of Free Association. 1902. Agreements with Federated States of Micronesia. 1903. Agreements with and other provisions related to Marshall Islands. 1904. Interpretation of and United States policy regarding Compact of Free Association. 1905. Supplemental provisions. 1906. Construction contract assistance. 1907. Limitations. 1908. Transitional immigration rules. 1909. Timing. 1910. Implementation of audit agreements. 1911. Compensatory adjustments. 1912. Jurisdiction.
Part B—Approval and Implementation of Compacts, As Amended
1921. Approval of U.S.-FSM Compact of Free Association and the U.S.-RMI Compact of Free Association; references to subsidiary agreements or separate agreements. 1921a. Agreements with Federated States of Micronesia. 1921b. Agreements with and other provisions related to the Republic of the Marshall Islands. 1921c. Interpretation of and United States policy regarding U.S.-FSM Compact and U.S.-RMI Compact. 1921d. Supplemental provisions. 1921e. Construction contract assistance. 1921f. Prohibition. 1921g. Compensatory adjustments. 1921h. Authorization and continuing appropriation. SUBCHAPTER II—PALAU
Part A—Approval of Compact and Supplemental Provisions
1931. Approval of Compact of Free Association. 1932. Extension of Compact of Free Association to Palau. 1933. Supplemental provisions. 1934. Jurisdiction.
Part B—Implementation of Compact
1951. Entry into force of Compact. 1952. Fiscal procedures assistance. 1953. Antidrug program. 1954. Public auditor and special prosecutor. 1955. Audit certification. 1956. Acquisition of defense sites. 1957. Federal programs coordination personnel. 1958. Referendum costs. 1959. Agreements. 1960. Modification of energy assistance funding. 1961. Submission of agreements. 1962. Transition funding. SUBCHAPTER III—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 1971. Transfer of surplus personal property owned by United States. 1972. Controlled substances in freely associated states. 1973. Freely Associated State Air Carrier.
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


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A local man was stranded for almost two days and was nearly freezing to death in a wooded area. But a complete stranger walked by just in time to save him.
The rescue happened in a large open space near Fountain and Chelton.
Christopher Matt was out for a walk when he heard something strange.
"He was calling for help. I said what's wrong he says I can't move," said Matt.
At first Chris didn't know what to think of the stranger, who he could barely see behind the thick brush.
"I said, 'Why can't you move?' he said, 'I'm frozen'," said Matt.
Chris made his way across the creek, walking through some rugged terrain. He was stunned to find the man so cold, he couldn't get up.
"I've never seen that before, they were extremely blue, very frozen; his fingers from the knuckle down," said Matt.
Without a cell phone, the Good Samaritan knew what he had to do.
Chris put the 200 pound man over his shoulders and carried him a half mile to safety.
"He kept saying I can't do it, I'm not gonna make it. I was like you are buddy, you are gonna be fine," said Matt.
Now a day later, his good friend Dillon is calling him a hero.
"I wasn't surprised at all that he would have helped a stranger and saved his life," said Dillon Bracken. "I think more people need to be like this."
And Chris wonders what would have happened, if he didn't go on that walk.
"I had debated whether or not I was even gonna leave, or just stay in front of that computer. I thought about how I could have been there and never known that someone was dying just nearby. That just blows my mind," said Matt.
He adds, " was meant to be there."
The man is recovering from hypothermia, frostbite, and dehydration.
It's still unclear why that man was in the field.
He could lose some fingers or toes, but he told Chris he's just thankful to be alive.
Chris says he was inspired by the man who kept a positive outlook and was in good spirits.
"He told me, 'I'm just happy to be alive, I'll trade a few fingers for my life any day', said Matt.
The hospital tells 11 News the 36-year-old is in good condition.
We learned about this story from a viewer tip. If you have a story idea, or see breaking news, call us any time at 578-0000.
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The Central Delaware Chamber of Commerce (CDCC) joined Just Between Friends in a ribbon cutting ceremony on May 8 at Dover Indoor Tennis to celebrate their grand opening and new membership with the CDCC.
Eileen Cordero is the owner and event coordinator at the Middletown and Dover Just Between Friends. She holds four sales a year and each sale is spread out over a weekend. Families can sell their items at the consignment sale and receive a percentage off of the items sold.
For more information, call (302) 365-0030 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Location, ST | website.com


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Scratch-Brite Gold and Silver Scratchboards consist of a shiny silver- or gold-colored foil laminated to a heavy board base. These scratchboards can be scored with scratch art tools to create dramatic effects. Scratch-Brite boards will withstand deep scratching.
Each board measures 8½" × 11" (22 cm × 28 cm) and comes in a pre-inked black.
see also ...
® Scratch-Art is a registered trademark of ® Melissa and Doug. ® Scratch-Brite is a registered trademark.


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| all sunglasses+ About the Brand
0 item
Gianni Versace is an Italian fashion company founded in 1978 popularly known as Versace. Presently, the brand is one of the world's leading international fashion houses that designs and markets a huge range of luxury apparel range, accessories, sunglasses and home furnishings items. With currently 82 boutiques spread all across the world, the year 1994 saw the brand becoming the household name after the world media covered the Black Versace dress worn by Elizabeth Hurley. A significant trend that saw a comeback in Versace's women's range of sunglasses was the simple yet effective designs with the wrap-around form underlining a vital departure from the mono-lens mask.
- Filter by:
Sorry, no products are matching your filters.
Hit the "Back" button on your browser to return to your last successful search, or clear one of the filters above.
You can also CLICK HERE TO CLEAR ALL FILTERS and get back to the full brand results.


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Alexandra D. Lahav
- Procedure
- Complex Litigation
- Remedies
- Mass Torts
- Law & Inequality
Alexandra D. Lahav is an expert on civil procedure and complex litigation. Her research primarily focuses on procedural justice and the limits of due process in class actions and aggregate litigation. In recent articles she has explored the justifications for innovative procedures such as statistical sampling and bellwether trials in mass tort litigation, what role principles of equality should play in litigation, and how courts can manage multi-jurisdictional litigation. Her work has been cited in Federal District Court opinions, academic articles and treatises and she regularly presents to academics and practitioners. She is co-author of the fourth edition of the popular civil procedure casebook, Civil Procedure: Doctrine, Practice, and Context, and is currently writing a book entitled In Praise of Litigation defending the role of litigation in American democracy.
Professor Lahav received her B.A. in history from Brown University and graduated magna cum laude from Harvard Law School. She clerked for Justice Alan Handler of the New Jersey Supreme Court and practiced with a boutique civil rights firm in New York City, now called Emery, Celli, Brinckerhoff & Abady LLC. She was a teaching fellow at Stanford Law School before joining the UConn faculty in 2004 and has also taught at Yale Law School, Columbia Law School, Fordham Law School and Tel Aviv University.
Alexandra D. Lahav, "The Jury and Participatory Democracy," 55 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 1029 (2014)
Alexandra D. Lahav, The Case for "Trial by Formula," 90 Texas L. Rev. 571 (2012)
Alexandra D. Lahav, Portraits of Resistance: How Lawyers Repond to Unjust Proceedings, 57 UCLA L. Rev. 725 (2010)
Alexandra D. Lahav, Bellwether Trials, 76 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 576 (2008)
Alexandra D. Lahav, Fundamental Principles for Class Action Governance, 37 Indiana L. Rev. 65 (2003)


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Institutional solar cooking involves cooking for groups with an single integrated solar cooking system, rather than simply using many smaller solar cookers. It may be designed for communal village use, a restaurant or bakery, or large scale production facilities preparing many thousands of meals per day. The cooking equipment employs basic solar cooking principles, and takes advantage of economy of scale.
Solar cooking with steam heat
Some of the most familiar examples of institutional cooking have used Scheffler reflector technology to heat water to create steam for cooking. Installations at religous shrines, such as those at Tirupati and Shirdi in India, illustrate the prodigious cooking capability of this approach. The system at the Shirdi shrine uses seventy-three parabolic reflectors mounted on the kitchen rooftop, and prepares food for 20,000 devotees daily. It is in use over 300 days per year. The remaining days it uses the back-up wood fired boiler, which had been their sole source for cooking until January 2011.
Another example of concentrating parabolic reflector techinology is used at the Auroville Solar Kitchen, a collective kitchen for the Auroville community, an "experimental" township in the Viluppuram district, in Tamil Nadu, India. It serves lunch daily in its dining hall, and sends lunches out to schools and to individuals as well. It derives its name from the large Auroville Solar Bowlon its roof, which provides the steam for cooking on all the sunny days of the year. Back-up steam, if needed, is provided by a diesel fired boiler.
Solar cooking directly with sunlight
Institutional, or community systems, can also use large Parabolic solar reflectors to focus sunlight directly onto a cooking chamber, often with an integral grilling surface used with the Scheffler Community Kitchen.A smaller scale example of a parabolic community solar cooker is the Community Solar Cooker 3 SQ MT designed by Ajay Chandak.
A solar box cooker approach, scaled for community use, has been created by Sun Ovens International, and is called the Villager Sun Oven. Villager Sun Ovens are currently in use in fifty-five countries around the world. The primary use is for large scale feeding or for bakeries. The oven is capable of reaching temperatures in excess of 260°C (500°F).
There is an optional 150 piece Sun-Bakery package, enabling the creation of a self-sustaining micro-enterprise to turn out fresh baked goods, while creating jobs and eliminating the cost of fuel. Some schools use a Villager oven to cook lunches and then bake bread in the afternoon. The bread is sold to help generate income.
Recent news and developments
- March 2012: China and India lead the world in large scale solar cooking projects. Dar Curtis of Solar Household Energy recently researched where large scale solar cooking projects are happening around the world. The projects in African refugee camps are fairly well known, but institutional projects and the high-use of solar cookers is happening primarily in Asia. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has registered eight solar cooker projects in China since 2009. A total of 207,000 parabolic solar cookers have been distributed, serving 848,000 people. In India, CDM registered a Gold Standard project in 2006. The Gadhia Solar company has created institutional kitchens with arrays of large parabolic solar concentrators to generate steam. Such an installation at Mt. Abu, Rajasthan, can produce meals for 38,500 pilgrims per day. Read more from his well-documented report. Some Big Solar Cooking Project in Asia, December 2011
Audio and video
[[Video:Shirdi - Solar Cooking for 100,000 - CNN.flv|thumb|450px|left|Deepak Gadhia explains the workings of the Scheffler solar cooking kitchen at Shirdi in Maharashtra, India.]]
Articles about institutional cookers


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Posted several days ago on the "settings" forum, there's been no response to the question, so we're asking the broader audience:
Every "suggested setting" we've seen for adjusting an HDTV to achieve "best" picture indicates that the "sharpness" control should be reset to Zero.
What gives here? It seems counter intuitive.
Is there some technical answer that non-specialists can understand? Do the complex interactions of the controls of all sets link the sharpness control to other parameters in a way that can undermine the overall accuracy of color, contrast range, or motion-blur?
Does it really make a significant difference in "real world" viewing as opposed to watching a calibration DVD in a dark basement?
Thanks for your time and attention.


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Pulp Lamp
Posted by Cynthia | Filed under Design Tips, Favorites, Inspiration, Musings, Solutions
I'm a big fan of paper-mache. I can't think of another medium like it. It requires a sculptural sense, patience and a tactile tolerance for all things slimy and gooey. Paper Mache is not just for kids. On the contrary, in the hands of a talented designer and artist such as Enrique Romero, the sky's the limit. Or at least the ceiling is.
The Pulp Lamp embraces the handmade, unique qualities of paper-mache. Translucent, sculptural and made only of a paste of recycled newspaper, this lighting collection offers functional objects of art. The application of the building process, working with paper paste, creates a series of layers of varied thickness and texture. This medium is perfect for lighting, as the finished object has a handmade individual form, and the transfer of light through the dried paper is absolutely beautiful. Enrique explores object scale in the design of his Pulp Lamp fixtures and by doing so, he creates a dynamic product; one that begs you to touch, and experience three dimensionally.
Spanish born Enrique Romero is a multi-diciplinary industrial designer, who speaks five languages, and has an affinity for detail. Talented and prolific, he is working with Pantone on color development, as well as developing his own design work. Creating lighting, packaging, exhibits, and even an interesting design for a scooter, his work is varied and distinct.
Kind-of makes you want to get your hands dirty doesn't it? Nothing like finding inspiration in the simple things. Fill your balloon, and get to it.
Images found at Enrique Romero's website and subject found here.
Tags: architecture, design, Enrique Romero, FLOR, Industrial design, lighting, Paper Mache, Pulp Lamp


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Deutsch, Español, Français, Hausa, Igbo, Indonesian, Italiano, Kiswahili, Kreyòl, Malagasy, Melayu, Português, Русский, Soomaaliga, Tagalog, Việt, Türkçe, Yorùbá, Ελληνικά, தமிழ், नेपाली, 中文, اردو, 한국어, 日本語, العربية, فارسی, עִברִית, हिन्दी, ไทย, বাংলা, తెలుగు, ગુજરાતી, ລາວ, ਪੰਜਾਬੀ, සිංහල, پښتو
Taida New Energy Equipments Co., Ltd is a Chinese company that manufactures a variety of alternative energy technologies. These include wind turbines of various sizes and parabolic solar cookers, some with automatic tracking devices. The company is owned by engineers, and they advertise they are able to adapt their designs for individual user situations as necessary.
We hope to be able to update this page with more information, but included here are photos of their portable folding parabolic cooker, and their auto-tracking parabolic cooker.
Taida New Energy Equipments Co.,Ltd
Laixin 636
Shandong, China 86500
Tel : 86-532-8562-1111 (ask for Ben)


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7369 W. Sheridan St., Suite 102
Hollywood, FL 33024
Phone: 954-894-1668
Fax: 954-894-6670
View Map: - -
Driving Directions
Parent Facility: Miami VA Healthcare System
Services Available
The Pembroke Pines VA Community Based Outpatient Clinic provides the following services:
Emergency services are not offered. If patients have health questions, they are encouraged to call 954-894-1668, Monday - Friday, between 8 a.m. - 4:30 p.m., except Federal holidays. A service officer from Broward Veterans' Services is available once each week.
There are no pharmacy services at this clinic. If patients have a refill, medications will be mailed to their home by the medication mail out service
Registration and Enrollment Information
Pre-registration at this clinic is required. Patients not previously registered may do so at this location and will be given an appointment for a later date.


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Whether you like him or his films is one matter but there is little debate over the influence that Michael Moore's gadfly-style and provocative documentaries have had in helping to reestablish the documentary film as both a socially relevant means of inquiry and as a big money generator for Hollywood studios. He also can be credited with both raising the awareness of those who were already working in this area (Errol Morris e.g.) and for convincing Hollywood studios that quality documentaries neither have to be boring and didactic affairs nor box office busts.
The library collects a wide and diverse array of documentaries that cover the topical gamut, including art, politics, nature, religion, popular culture, history and sports. Those films that have struck a chord with me over the past several years are too numerous to mention but here is a brief list of those that stand out.
The Kid Stays in the Picture (The rise and fall and rise again of Hollywood producer Robert Evans)
Born Into Brothels (A heart wrenching examination of Indian children caught up within a vicious cycle of poverty and exploitation)
The Cool School: How L.A. Learned to Love Modern Art (a look back at a closely knit group of artists who played a large role in the making of the post-war, Los Angeles art scene)
The Fog of War (Academy Award Winner follows the life of former Secretary of Defense, Robert S. McNamara as he opines about the lessons he's learned about war, diplomacy and foreign relations)
American Hardcore: The History of American Punk Rock 1980-1986 (Examines the cultural and historical roots of this seldom chronicled style of music)
The 50 Years War: Israel and the Arabs (An excellent historical introduction to many of the topics central to Middle Eastern conflicts that still persist today)
Riding Giants (Everything you ever wanted to know about the history of big wave surfing is here with panache and style)
An Inconvenient Truth (Global warming has never been so stylishly presented for the masses)
The Endurance: Shackleton's Legendary Antarctic Expedition (Few stories are as compelling and unbelievable as this one)
The Devil and Daniel Johnston (More than just a biography of the cult singer/songwriter but also a tender portrayal of someone who suffers from schizophrenia and depression)
The Bridge (A difficult film to watch but one that humanely grapples with the subject of suicide)
Rivers and Tides (Chronicles the way in which the artist Andy Goldsworthy goes about working on one of his earth sculptures)
Posted by Ryan Gage at 01/30/2009 02:36:57 PM


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Worked With:
Olga Kurylenko
Birth Name: Olga Kurylenko
Born: 11/14/1979
Birth Place: Soviet Union
Born: 11/14/1979
Birth Place: Soviet Union
Born Olga Kostyantynivna Kurylenko in Berdyansk, Ukraine on Nov. 14, 1979, she was the daughter of a Russian mother and an Ukranian father who split when Kurylenko was just three years old. She was raised by her mother, Marina Alyabysheva, who worked punishing hours as an art teacher to support her daughter and mother. This meager income was barely enough to keep Kurylenko fed and clothed, and the family suffered through the dire poverty that afflicted the region during the 1980s. However, her mother was dedicated to giving her daughter a quality education, scraping enough together to send her to music school and five years of ballet classes as well as art and language studies.
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