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The Last Leg: A Final Act of Desperation
this wiki
|"The Last Leg: A Final Act of Desperation"
|File:The Last Leg A Final Act of Desperation.JPG
|(届くかイダテ!執念のラストスパート!!, Todoku ka Idate! Shūnen no Rasuto Supāto!!)
|Episode data
|"A Fierce Battle of Rolling Thunder!"
|Naruto #106
|"The Battle Begins: Naruto vs. Sasuke"
|Land of Tea Arc
|October 27, 2004
|September 22, 2007
The Last Leg: A Final Act of Desperation (届くかイダテ!執念のラストスパート!!, Todoku ka Idate! Shūnen no Rasuto Supāto!!) is episode 106 of the original Naruto anime.
With Sakura Haruno and Sasuke Uchiha defeated, it is up to Naruto to defeat Aoi so Idate can continue the race. After a few failed attacks, Naruto is finally able to defeat Aoi, which means Idate can continue the race. Though Fukusuke is already near the finish line, with determination and encouragement from Naruto, Idate manages to catch up and win the race, seemingly saving the Wasabi family. However, the daimyo's minister objects, claiming that Idate cheated, as Naruto carried him for part of the race. According to the minister, this violates the rule that the runners must do the race on their own two legs. Just as it seems that Idate will be disqualified, the daimyo objects, declaring that no such rule exists. He then reveals a photo of the minister taking a bribe from the Wagarashi family, explaining why he had invented the rule. As a result of this, as well as other poor conduct, the Wagarashi are forcibly disbanded.


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October 1, 2010
Eric Bossi
Rivals.com Basketball Recruiting
Cody Zeller is able to stop by for an unofficial. We take closer look at the travels of some of the top prospects this weekend. ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now!
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subset: commoncrawl


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News 12 at 6 o'clock / Tuesday, Jan. 22, 2013
AUGUSTA, Ga. (WRDW) -- City leaders will begin their search for a new Parks and Recreation director Wednesday morning. Three people will be interviewed for the position this week.
Ten months ago, News 12 broke the story of an investigation into Parks and Recreation Director Tom Beck falsifying time cards.
The city fired him shortly later.
"There's some specific issues of standards and accountability. I'm going to be interested in," said Commissioner Alvin Mason.
A few months after that, Beck turned around and sued the city.
"I can't speak to that. It's ongoing litigation," said City Administrator Fred Russell.
The search to fill that position has been ongoing for a while.
"What we're looking for is somebody that has a knowledge of providing a wide range of services in a community that is varied," Russell said.
This person would oversee parks, manage the Patch and other sports and athletics programs.
"They do building maintenance and stuff like that. It's an individual that wears many hats," Russell said.
The Parks and Recreation Department has been without a full-time director for about a year. If some city leaders have their way, they'll have someone walking through door any day now.
"It may be that we choose one of the four. It may be that we won't choose any of the four. we won't know that until next Tuesday," Mason said.
Have information or an opinion about this story? Click here to contact the newsroom.
Copyright WRDW-TV News 12. All rights reserved. This material may not be republished without express written permission.


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News and recent developments
- July 2010: Solar Cookers for Africa: Solar Caravan 2010 - SunFire is a NGO in South Africa that has partnered with Solar Cookers for Africa to create the Caravan as a way to reach the portions of the population that live in areas typically difficult to reach. Led by Crosby Menzies, it will be a convoy of knowledge, experience, and partnerships in the area of sustainable household and community technologies and practices. The Caravan will start in Mozambique, to eventually cover most of Southern Africa. Far from relying in the knowledge and resources of a few, the Caravan will link experts, product suppliers, communities and funders. Starting in August 2010, a core team of 4 people from 3 countries will start traveling from Johannesburg, South Africa, towards Beira, Mozambique. In each community the Caravan visits, its members will be presented with a flexible curriculum of applied introductory workshops and demonstrations about the core topics and technologies. One fixed workshop module concerns clean energy; another food security, waste management and nutrition. To learn more, see how your experience may be of value, and offer to financial support see: Solar Cookers for Africa: Solar Caravan 2010
- May 2009: The Solar Health and Education Project (SHEP) funded a very successful workshop run by Manda Chisanga and Crosby Menzies in Mfuwe, Zambia in June 2009. Read project report.
- March 2009: South Africa: Solar Power Initiative Casts New Light On Sustainable Energy - BuaNews
- June 2007: Crosby Menzies of SunFire Solutions sends a report on the Masihambisane Solar Cooker Project.
Audio and video
[[Video:Free solar cooking in South Africa|thumb|425px|Crosby Menzies explains the recent activities of Solar Cookers for Africa.]]
|September 2008: Manda's Prize (Part 1): Video showing Crosby Menzies's solar cooking work work with Manda Chisanga, a Safari guide in Zambia's South Luangwa National Park
|September 2008: Manda's Prize (Part 2)
Articles in the media
- November 2010: Getting out there, making a difference - Jeffery Barbee
See also
SunFire Solutions
18 Vardon Rd., Greenside
Johannesburg 2193
South Africa
Tel: +27 82 954 0144 or +27 (0) 11 624 2432
Email: email@example.com
Web: http://www.sunfire.co.za


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Little Weasel
Revision as of 17:12, July 6, 2012 by Winter Moon (Talk | contribs)
11,127pages on
this wiki
this wiki
Little Weasel is a character from the Grand Theft Auto series who appears in Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas. Little Weasel, formerly from the Grove Street Families, is a member of the Ballas gang, who makes a brief appearance in the mission Doberman, where he is killed by Carl Johnson, on the orders of his brother Sweet. He is probably a high ranking member of the Ballas, as Kane, a high ranking Ballas member, attended his funeral and before being killed, he says "Tenpenny set me up!", and Tenpenny would not likely talk to low-ranking members. His funeral took place in the mission Los Sepulcros, which was disrupted by Carl, Sweet, and two GSF gang members; Kane and several other Ballas were gunned down during the funeral.
Mission appearances
- GTA San Andreas
- Doberman (Killed)
- Los Sepulcros (Deceased)
- Like Kane and Big Poppa, Little Weasel does not have a unique character model, simply appearing with a generic Ballas model.


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May 4, 2016
Authorities say they still have an open line of communication with an Alabama man accused of abducting a 5-year-old boy and holding him hostage in a bunker.
Sheriff Wally Olson said Saturday that Jimmy Lee Dykes has told them that he has blankets and an electric heater in the bunker. Olson says Dykes has allowed authorities to deliver coloring books, medication and toys for the boy.
Olson says he wants to thank Dykes for taking care of the child and called that very important.
Authorities say Dykes shot a school bus driver Tuesday and took the boy to the bunker on his property in rural Midland City.
Olson would not say whether Dykes has made any demands. The sheriff says he is limited in the details he can release.
Copyright 2016 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


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- Jan 20:
- Lawmakers say Obama's surveillance plan won't work
- Jan 15:
- Surveillance-court judges oppose standing privacy advocate idea
- Jan 2:
- Mark Udall feels vindicated by new signs of NSA reform
- Dec 30:
- Germany magazine reports on NSA elite hacking unit
- Dec 19:
- Udall praises recommendations on domestic spying
- Presidential panel recommends limits on NSA activities
- Oct 31:
- NSA secretly tapped Yahoo, Google, according to documents
Udall joins other senators to press Obama on NSA reforms • WASHINGTON — Sen. Mark Udall and a bipartisan group of senators will meet with President Barack Obama on Thursday to discuss concerns about the National Security Agency's bulk phone-data collection program, his office confirmed.
Udall, a Democrat, will press the White House to support his legislation to require that the NSA demonstrate a suspect's link to terrorism or espionage before collecting their phone records.
All week,Udall and Sen. Ron Wyden of Oregon have urged the White House to end a program, authorized by the Patriot Act, that indiscriminately collects phone records and metadata of every American.
Udall has called the collection — which doesn't include the content of phone conversations — a "dragnet" that doesn't help protect the United States from a terrorist attack.
"We need to strike a better balance between protecting our country against the threat of terrorism and defending our constitutional rights," Udall said on the Senate floor Tuesday. "The bulk phone-records collection program, as we know it today, does not meet this balance test, and that's why I believe it must end."
Udall also talked about the NSA programs Sunday on CBS News' "Face the Nation."
From his perch on the Senate Intelligence Committee, Udall has publicly warned that the Obama administration's interpretation of certain parts of the Patriot Act could be violating Americans' constitutional rights to privacy.
More light was shed on the NSA's actions after former government contractor Edward Snowden leaked confidential information to media outlets about the administration's domestic-spying efforts. Snowden is now marooned in an airport in Russia.
Udall has introduced legislation, along with Wyden, that would greatly reduce the federal government's ability to collect data on Americans' phone calls without a demonstrated link to terrorism. Allison Sherry, The Denver Post


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Yo-Ma's Frozen Fish Products
this wiki
Yo-Ma's Frozen Fish Products is a food company, which distributes fish products including fish fingers. The company has a factory in the Red Light District, Portland, Liberty City. The factory is called Yo-Ma's Frozen Fishy Finger Factory and has been in operation since at least 1998. The factory is located next to the Red Light District/Chinatown underground train station. Company vans can also be seen travelling around Portland.
Yo-Ma's Frozen Fishy Finger Factory
Yo-Ma's Frozen Fishy Finger Factoryis a frozen-food factory located in the Red Light District, Portland, Liberty City. The factory is apart of the Yo-Ma's Frozen Fish Products group. The factory has operated in Liberty City since at least 1998 (setting of Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories), and in 2001 has vans circling Liberty City making deliveries. The factory is located next to the Chinatown/Red Light District underground train station.
- The name of the factory is a reference to the cellist Yo-Yo Ma.


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May 6, 2016
An anti-torture group is cleaning up a highway leading to the North Carolina airport that has been home base for a company suspected of flying foreign terror suspects for the CIA to countries that practice torture.
The group Stop Torture Now is cleaning trash Saturday from the road outside the Johnston County Airport, home for Aero Contractors. The company has long been described as supplying planes for the CIA that took detainees to secret prisons and interrogations where they may have been tortured.
Aero Contractors has said only that it does work for the government. The company has leased facilities from the Johnston County Airport for three decades.
Stop Torture Now has committed to collect trash from the road outside the airport under the state's "Adopt-a-Highway" program.
Copyright 2016 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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After looking through the tutorials and such around, there was a particular look of a dungeon I wanted and finally I decided to take a crack at making my own tutorial. What follows I hope is helpful.
After step 9
After step 11(note I already have the grid inserted on mine, you wont unless you follow the Extra step.)
and the Final
Fast Dungeons In Photoshop Tutorial:
Setup: Create a new document, 8.5x11, 300dpi, background transparent.
1) Select your first layer and Rename it Background, Filter>Render>Clouds; then Filter>Stylize Emboss; then Image>Adjustment>Hue and Saturation - select Colorize.
2) Duplicate this layer and name it Walls
3) Create a new layer and name it FloorPlan
4) (Optional) Create a new layer and name it Grid
5) Move the Grid layer between your Background layer and Walls.
6) Select your Walls layer, Add Layer Style>Stroke: Size: 5, Position: Outside, Blend mode: Overlay, Color: Black
7) Select your FloorPlan layer, Add Layer Style> Stroke: Size: 50, Position: Outside, Blend mode: Overlay, Fill Type: Pattern (select the pattern you want to appear outside the walls (for this tutorial I used a crosshatch pattern).
With the FloorPlan layer still selected, set the layers Fill property to 0%
**At this point you should have a layer structure from Top to Bottom of FloorPlan, Walls, Grid, Background. (If you are planning on using this method for multiple dungeons, save the file before going further.
9) Now paint your dungeon on the floor plan layer, you will notice that only the border of the rooms and walls appear. You can also you the Marquee tool to create rooms and halls, to do so, create the room with the Marquee tool, then right click>Fill:White. You can overlap your halls, rooms etc.
10) Use the Magic Wand tool and select inside your floor plan.
11) Select your Walls Layer (the selection of your floorplan should still be active) and hit Ctrl-X (or Edit>Cut). And your done. If you want to add additional rooms to the floor plan just repeat steps 9-11.
Extra: You remember we created a Grid layer earlier that at the moment is doing nothing.
You can create a transparent grid to fill in here. Create a new project: 75x75 (for a 4sq per inch grid, 60x60 for a 5sq per inch grid). Fill it with Black, then Ctrl +A to select all. Use your arrow keys to move the selection 1px down and 1px right, Ctrl+X, then Edit>Define Pattern. (Credit for this goes to: http://www.cartographersguild.com/sh...th-(Photoshop) )
Once you have the pattern saved, you can select your Grid Layer then Edit>Fill: Pattern (select the transparent grid you just defined) and there's your grid. For purely style I set the blend mode to the Grid layer to Overlay.
Additionally: Create a new layer, Rename it Dressing, Set the layer blend mode to Overlay. Then move the layer to between the Grid and Wall layers. Use this layer to paint on any dressings you would like, doors, statues, etc.
Those in the example map are from the brush pack I made for Photoshop that you can find here: http://www.cartographersguild.com/sh...hes-(Photoshop)


text: The exterior of this handbag is in good condition. There are some ripples in the canvas from water damage. The interior is also in good condition, with a ripped seam on the bottom of the lining. There is a small stain on the interior as well. It ships with a designer dust bag.


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There are 86 results - Show results on a map Print this page
Showing 41 - 50 of 86
This hotel has a delightful location set apart from the bustle of town, but within easy walking distance of the numerous attractions. With its splendid grounds and an elevated view of the bay, the hot...More about The Headland Hotel
Situated close to the beautiful River Dart, this popular inn has a friendly and relaxed atmosphere, with open fires and oak beams adding to the charm. Bedrooms are soundly appointed and an extensive m...More about Dartbridge Inn
Located in a peaceful area of Torquay, this family-run guest accommodation is within easy walking distance of Torquay's Abbey Sands beach, town centre and harbour. Service is the highlight of any stay...More about The Cleveland
Located on the water's edge at Babbacombe, this seaside retreat is very well appointed; the rooms have sea views and nearly all have terraces or balconies. Bedrooms and bathrooms are fitted to a high ...More about The Cary Arms
Stoke Gabriel Lodgings is an attractive example of contemporary architecture, positioned high above the River Dart just outside Stoke Gabriel, near Totnes. It was only completed in 2010 and has been d...More about Stoke Gabriel Lodgings - Badgers Retreat
Dating from 1710, this former merchant's house, bedecked with flowers during the summer, is located in the very heart of historic Dartmouth. Full of character, the individually decorated bedrooms vary...More about Cherub's Nest
Situated at the water's edge, this long-established hotel offers friendly service and traditional hospitality. The splendid views can be enjoyed from the lounge, bar and dining room. Alternatively, g...More about Best Western Livermead Cliff Hotel
This attractive Victorian house was built in the 1880s and sits on a lovely tree-lined road. It is a family-run property with a relaxed, friendly home-from-home atmosphere. All bedrooms are en suite a...More about Kelvin House
Nonsuch House is a delightful Edwardian property with fabulous views across the Dart estuary. The marvellous hosts combine friendliness with unobtrusive service. Bedrooms are spacious and superbly app...More about Nonsuch House
Devon House has been lovingly restored and is conveniently located to explore Paignton and its surrounding areas. All rooms offer comfortable beds and a range of facilities to meet the needs of a vari...More about Devon House Guest House


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What is RM Cash
Overall customer review score:
Return to Yamalube Brake Caliper Grease Product Page
Reviews by real power sport enthusiasts...your opinion counts to us and fellow riders! Make the best purchasing decision by getting the latest reviews.
Each review submitted enters you into a $100 gift card monthly drawing, and a $500 gift card quarterly drawing!
Comments On Aug 05, 2012:use this on off road and on road vehicles. great product!
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There are 32 results - Show results on a map Print this page
Showing 31 - 32 of 32
Situated in a tree-lined Victorian terrace this luxury 'boutique' hotel has stunning, individually designed bedrooms and suites that have the trademark Egyptian linens and seriously good showers. The ...More about Hotel du Vin at One Devonshire Gardens
Georgian House offers good-value accommodation and is situated at the west end of the city in a peaceful tree-lined Victorian terrace near the Botanic Gardens. Bedrooms vary in size and are furnished ...More about Georgian House


text: There will be an addition of possibly a new doctor at Seattle Grace for Season 9 Grey's Anatomy. Gaius Charles, better known as 'Brian (Smash) Williams' from Friday Night Lights. Although details about Gaius's character are a secret for now, thoughts are a new doctor to save lives at S. G hospital.. Do you like this edition to GA?


text: If you are looking for a more comfortable fit check out Haband's wide and extra wide shoes for men. We have a selection that ranges from wide dress shoes, to wide athletic shoes and loafers, we have shoes to fit you. Head over to our tall men's clothing and find a big and tall outfit to match!


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35 U.S. Code § 5 - Patent and Trademark Office Public Advisory Committees
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(a) Establishment of Public Advisory Committees.—
(1) Appointment.— The United States Patent and Trademark Office shall have a Patent Public Advisory Committee and a Trademark Public Advisory Committee, each of which shall have nine voting members who shall be appointed by the Secretary of Commerce and serve at the pleasure of the Secretary of Commerce. In each year, 3 members shall be appointed to each Advisory Committee for 3-year terms that shall begin on December 1 of that year. Any vacancy on an Advisory Committee shall be filled within 90 days after it occurs. A new member who is appointed to fill a vacancy shall be appointed to serve for the remainder of the predecessor's term.
(2) Chair.— The Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with the Director, shall designate a Chair and Vice Chair of each Advisory Committee from among the members appointed under paragraph (1). If the Chair resigns before the completion of his or her term, or is otherwise unable to exercise the functions of the Chair, the Vice Chair shall exercise the functions of the Chair.
(b) Basis for Appointments.— Members of each Advisory Committee—
(1) shall be citizens of the United States who shall be chosen so as to represent the interests of diverse users of the United States Patent and Trademark Office with respect to patents, in the case of the Patent Public Advisory Committee, and with respect to trademarks, in the case of the Trademark Public Advisory Committee;
(2) shall include members who represent small and large entity applicants located in the United States in proportion to the number of applications filed by such applicants, but in no case shall members who represent small entity patent applicants, including small business concerns, independent inventors, and nonprofit organizations, constitute less than 25 percent of the members of the Patent Public Advisory Committee, and such members shall include at least one independent inventor; and
(3) shall include individuals with substantial background and achievement in finance, management, labor relations, science, technology, and office automation.
In addition to the voting members, each Advisory Committee shall include a representative of each labor organization recognized by the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Such representatives shall be nonvoting members of the Advisory Committee to which they are appointed.
(c) Meetings.— Each Advisory Committee shall meet at the call of the chair to consider an agenda set by the chair.
(d) Duties.— Each Advisory Committee shall—
(1) review the policies, goals, performance, budget, and user fees of the United States Patent and Trademark Office with respect to patents, in the case of the Patent Public Advisory Committee, and with respect to Trademarks, in the case of the Trademark Public Advisory Committee, and advise the Director on these matters;
(2) within 60 days after the end of each fiscal year—
(B) transmit the report to the Secretary of Commerce, the President, and the Committees on the Judiciary of the Senate and the House of Representatives; and
(e) Compensation.— Each member of each Advisory Committee shall be compensated for each day (including travel time) during which such member is attending meetings or conferences of that Advisory Committee or otherwise engaged in the business of that Advisory Committee, at the rate which is the daily equivalent of the annual rate of basic pay in effect for level III of the Executive Schedule under section 5314 of title 5. While away from such member's home or regular place of business such member shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by section 5703 of title 5.
(f) Access to Information.— Members of each Advisory Committee shall be provided access to records and information in the United States Patent and Trademark Office, except for personnel or other privileged information and information concerning patent applications required to be kept in confidence by section 122.
(g) Applicability of Certain Ethics Laws.— Members of each Advisory Committee shall be special Government employees within the meaning of section 202 of title 18.
(h) Inapplicability of Federal Advisory Committee Act.— The Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to each Advisory Committee.
(i) Open Meetings.— The meetings of each Advisory Committee shall be open to the public, except that each Advisory Committee may by majority vote meet in executive session when considering personnel, privileged, or other confidential information.
(j) Inapplicability of Patent Prohibition.— Section 4 shall not apply to voting members of the Advisory Committees.
Source(Added Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(9) [title IV, § 4714], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–578; amended Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title III, §§ 13203(b), 13206(a)(3),Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1902, 1904; Pub. L. 112–274, § 1(l)(1),Jan. 14, 2013, 126 Stat. 2458.)
References in Text
The Federal Advisory Committee Act, referred to in subsec. (h), is Pub. L. 92–463, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 770, as amended, which is set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
Prior Provisions
A prior section 5, act July 19, 1952, ch. 950, 66 Stat. 793, related to bond of Commissioner and other officers, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 92–310, title II, § 208(a),June 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 203.
2013—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 112–274, § 1(l)(1)(A), substituted "In each year, 3 members shall be appointed to each Advisory Committee for 3-year terms that shall begin on December 1 of that year. Any vacancy on an Advisory Committee shall be filled within 90 days after it occurs. A new member who is appointed to fill a vacancy shall be appointed to serve for the remainder of the predecessor's term." for "Members of each Public Advisory Committee shall be appointed for a term of 3 years, except that of the members first appointed, three shall be appointed for a term of 1 year, and three shall be appointed for a term of 2 years. In making appointments to each Committee, the Secretary of Commerce shall consider the risk of loss of competitive advantage in international commerce or other harm to United States companies as a result of such appointments."
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 112–274, § 1(l)(1)(B), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Secretary shall designate a chair of each Advisory Committee, whose term as chair shall be for 3 years."
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 112–274, § 1(l)(1)(C), struck out par. (3). Text read as follows: "Initial appointments to each Advisory Committee shall be made within 3 months after the effective date of the Patent and Trademark Office Efficiency Act. Vacancies shall be filled within 3 months after they occur."
2002—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 107–273, § 13206(a)(3), struck out ", United States Code" after "title 5" in two places.
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 107–273, § 13206(a)(3), struck out ", United States Code" after "title 18".
Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 107–273, § 13203(b)(1), inserted ", privileged," after "personnel".
Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 107–273, § 13203(b)(2), added subsec. (j).
Effective Date of 2013 Amendment
Pub. L. 112–274, § 1(n),Jan. 14, 2013, 126 Stat. 2459, provided that: "Except as otherwise provided in this Act [amending this section and sections 42, 115, 123, 135, 154, 299, and 311 of this title, repealing section 373 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 2, 135, 298, and 311 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 321 of this title], the amendments made by this Act shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 14, 2013], and shall apply to proceedings commenced on or after such date of enactment."
Effective Date
Section effective 4 months after Nov. 29, 1999, see section 1000(a)(9) [title IV, § 4731] of Pub. L. 106–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1999 Amendment note under section 1 of this title.
Pub. L. 112–274, § 1(l)(2),Jan. 14, 2013, 126 Stat. 2459, provided that:
"(A) In general.—The Secretary of Commerce shall, in the Secretary's discretion, determine the time and manner in which the amendments made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall take effect, except that, in each year following the year in which this Act is enacted [2013], 3 members shall be appointed to each Advisory Committee (to which such amendments apply) for 3-year terms that begin on December 1 of that year, in accordance with section 5 (a) of title 35, United States Code, as amended by paragraph (1) of this subsection.
"(B) Deemed termination of terms.—In order to implement the amendments made by paragraph (1), the Secretary of Commerce may determine that the term of an existing member of an Advisory Committee under section 5 of title 35, United States Code, shall be deemed to terminate on December 1 of a year beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 14, 2013], regardless of whether December 1 is before or after the date on which such member's term would terminate if this Act had not been enacted."
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


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You and your partner can go out as a pair of Russian dancers or spies in the Russian Women's Couple's Costume in Black and the male counterpart costume (sold separately). This outfit features a dress, long coat, and hat. The black dress is a short mini skirt with a low straight neckline and a Russian star and hammer and sickle emblem on the chest. The overcoat is an ankle length Russian style that has thick faux fur trim on the lapels, cuffs, and hem. The ushanka hat is also covered in black faux fur. Pick up a wig, stockings, and boots separately. We even offer a pair of faux fur covered boots that would look great with this outfit. Then have your partner get the black men's Russian outfit, available elsewhere on the site. Wear the Russian Women's Couple's Costume in Black and you and he can go as a Russian couple.
Our Price: $34.99


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J Crew – Donahue Madras Shirt
The Donahue Madras by J Crew is an ideal Summer shirt. Classic button-down and chest pocket with a bright Pink Madras pattern, this shirt is made for relaxing while maintaining a sense of style. Pair this with denim slacks or Khaki shorts and you are on your way.


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Malco Hole Cutters adjust for making 2 to 20 inch diameter holes in galvanized sheet metal. The large capacity model HC2 cuts a full 2 inch to 20 inch range while the more compact HC1 cuts a maximum 12 inch diameter. Both Hole Cutters install into a standard electric drill as small as 1/4". Malco Hole Cutters store easily in a tool box and feature lightweight aluminum frames and high speed bearings at the top and bottom of the drill shaft to assure perfect cutting balance and long cutting life.
Helpful Links and Documents About the Malco HC1
HC1 - HC2 Assembly and Operation Instructions


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Letter:Please ChooseABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
Fluttering Monogram Peel and Stick Wall Mural in Summertime Blue
Spell out how much you love your little one with this kid's monogram wall sticker! This youthful and vibrant kid's wall sticker is the perfect start to brightening up your child's space. Decorate your kid's room or nursery with this stimulating peel and stick wall mural! Peel and stick accents are made from vinyl and are precision cut around the pattern's edges so you do not have to cut out the image. You just peel the design away from the backing and apply it to your wall, as there is no need to wet the product to activate paste or any need to apply wallpaper paste. Make a dramatic design statement in your kid's room or nursery with this line of made-to-order peel and stick wall murals! Wall stickers are definitely the way to go to make your child's space unique to them. In addition, peel and stick murals require little time and energy to install, while also being safe to apply directly to the surface. These kids' wall stickers are printed on durable vinyl and precision cut to give you the highest quality do-it-yourself wall mural! Choose from several impactful designs to personalize your kid's room. This item is custom made especially for you upon order.
SIZE: 28" x 23.5"
Category: Art, Girls Wall Letters
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How to Save on Travel
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Welcome to DBSTalk
Like most online communities you must register to view or post in our community. Sign-up is a free and simple process that requires minimal information. Be a part of our community by signing in or creating an account. The Digital Bit Stream starts here!
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Another Whole House Upgrade Question
Posted 20 May 2010 - 12:04 AM
HR20-100 (Main unit in family room with 2 SAT-IN lines)
H22-100 in bedroom (this DVR has only one SAT-IN line)
H22-100 in office (this DVR has only one SAT-IN line)
The setup menu on the H22-100s say they are HD compatible. Can I assume that the SWiM and DECA equipment will get me 2 video inputs to the H22 units. So, I guess my question is what don't I have that I need? I've been reading other threads that say my equipment should work. Should I just call a CSR and see what they say?
This all seems somewhat confussing:confused:
Directv HR24-200 family room w/HDMI cable
Directv R22-100 bedroom
Directv R22-100 office
Directv H25 living room w/HDMI cable
Whole Home Setup
Posted 20 May 2010 - 12:09 AM
HD DVRs: HR44 + AM21; HR24
Receivers: H25-500 HD Receiver
Mobile Devices: Nomad
Additional equipment configuration details
Sun & moon help site your satellite dish
Posted 20 May 2010 - 12:34 AM
Subscriber since Oct. 1996
~Detailed Setup~
Directv Signal Strength Posting Tool - Excel Ver. Web Ver.
Posted 20 May 2010 - 11:01 PM
Directv HR24-200 family room w/HDMI cable
Directv R22-100 bedroom
Directv R22-100 office
Directv H25 living room w/HDMI cable
Whole Home Setup
Posted 20 May 2010 - 11:06 PM
If I do this, will I be able to record 2 sources on the units that now only have one input?
Not exactly. The H2x receivers will still only be LiveTV receivers, however, you will be able to playback shows that were recorded on the HR20. You can though schedule shows to be recorded on the HR20 from the H2x receivers. So, from the H2x receivers, you can either watch LiveTV or a recorded show from the HR20.
- Merg
Today's problems don't worry me, I haven't solved yesterday's yet.
SlimLine-3 Dish w/ SWM16 (HD Service / WHDVR) / Full Setup
HR34-700 / Panasonic TC-P50G25 HDTV / HDMI / Networked - DECA / Family Room
HR44-700 / Samsung HCM5525W HDTV / Component / Networked - DECA / Bedroom
HR24-100 / Samsung HCM5525W HDTV / Component / Networked - DECA / Bedroom


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The Power of Independent Thinking
Jonathan Bean on the History of Racial Segregation
Recorded: Thursday, January 12, 2012
Research Fellow Jonathan Bean engages with John Stossel of Fox Business Networks Stossel on positive market influences toward racial integration in America.
Experts: Jonathan BeanType: TelevisionIssues: Business, Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Culture/ Society, Economic History and Development (U.S.), Political Ideology and Philosophy, Politics, Race Issues
Bush, Obama, and Presidential Power
Recorded: Wednesday, January 7, 2009
Ron Paul, Richard Shenkman, and Ivan Eland, author of Recarving Rushmore, discuss which presidents were the best and worst at promoting peace, prosperity, and liberty.
Experts: Ivan Eland, Ron Paul, Richard Shenkman, David J. TherouxType: TelevisionIssues: Defense and Foreign Policy, Government Power, History (U.S), Politics


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May 28, 2012
Adam Gorney
Rivals.com Football Recruiting
Class of 2015 QB Josh Rosen showed he can play with the big boys and lands in our top performers from the Best of West 7on7 Finals. Adam Gorney has a full list. ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now!
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KANSAS CITY, Mo. (AP) -- Peyton Manning threw for 285 yards and two touchdowns, and the Denver Broncos rallied to beat the woeful Kansas City Chiefs 17-9 on Sunday for their sixth straight win.
Manning hit tight end Jacob Tamme late in the first half and wide receiver Demaryius Thomas in the third quarter, and that was more than enough to overcome three field goals by the Chiefs' Ryan Succop as Kansas City lost its eighth straight game.
Knowshon Moreno added 85 yards rushing for the AFC West-leading Broncos (8-3). Moreno got the start in place of Willis McGahee, who went on injured reserve this week with a knee injury.
Jamaal Charles ran for 107 yards for the Chiefs (1-10), who failed again to punch the ball into the end zone. They still haven't scored a touchdown since the first quarter against Pittsburgh on Nov. 12, a span of more than 11 quarters and 173 minutes of game time.
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Become the queen of the underworld this October with help from our Women's Naughty Dark Angel Sexy Costume. This corseted dress with petticoat is the way to do it. A shiny silver fabric is used for the center of the bodice, and black ribbons crisscross up the front like a corset. A little flash of skin will appear in between the ribbons for some tease. The tutu style skirt is made up of a series of sheer fabrics, and it flares out dramatically from the drop waistline of the dress. Order our black feathered wing accessories to portray a bad angel or pick up our vampire fangs and capes to go as a sexy vampiress. You can also order one of our crown accessories to portray an evil fairy tale queen. There are lots of ways to play up this dark angel costume for women. Make sure to revisit this page and post pictures of how you chose to use it!
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Red Grosgrain Ribbon Mat Frames
No longer available
Our frame's red grosgrain mat gives distinction and drama to both black-and-white and color photos.
6.25" wide x 8.25" high; holds a 5 x 7" photo
Made of MDF with a silver-plated finish.
Red grosgrain ribbon.
Black velvet backing.
For vertical, tabletop display only.


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Hybris Mechanica 55 Safe
The presentation of the Hybris Mechanica 55 trilogy will be as useful as it is secure: the beautifully leather coated safe from a top German maker has a total weight of around 1200 kilograms, measuring 1 meter in width and 1.5 meters in height, will safeguard the precious watches if they are not worn. Underneath the sophisticated surface lie the most advanced security materials, easily able to fulfill all insurance requirements. Fitted with an electronic locking system, the safe is code-secured and has a built-in electronic winding machine for the three watches as well as eight further automatic winding systems for other timepieces. As the final icing on the cake, the manufacture installed a special, piezo-driven sound system in the safe, so that the actual chiming of the Hybris Mechanica à Grande Sonnerie can be heard from the outside even with the safe securely locked.


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July 17, 2012
Jake Brown
Torii Hunter Jr. is diving back into recruiting after a standout performance at The Opening. The Texas receiver hopes to visit Notre Dame this summer after consistent interest. ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now!
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I have a fondness for fantasy worlds where you can see the scars of calamity right there on the map
It's a promising start, nice and dramatic. Looking forward to seeing where it goes from here.
Having learned some new techniques on my commission map, Edara, I decided to start working on my own fantasy campaign world.
This world (unnamed yet) had a collision with a temporal comet - debris from a parallel plane (or plane of time) and ripped through this world's planar fabric colliding with this particular world.
The map shows a canyon rift created in the wake of the comet as it skimmed the surface of this planet, until it reached a high mountain range and exploded - crater can be seen as well as rift.
This world suffers temporal anamolies, actions by time-travelers, anachronisms and people from different places on the timeline coexisting in the current temporally damaged world.
The rift valley is near the equator, filled with jungle and Jurrasic lifeforms - dinosaurs.
Although I have created the basics for the entire continent, the only detailing so far is here at the equator with rift and crater area for starters. The dark green is a place holder for mountains, the brown beyond that is desert. I'm thinking of filling the crater bottom with a round lake.
Note despite the comet strike this world didn't suffer the consequences had this been a true comet strike if such hit our world, most of the damage is temporal (time-affecting) though the rift, crater and rim debris was catastrophic, just not "ice age" causing like a real comet strike...
WIP so far...
Last edited by Gamerprinter; 07-03-2008 at 02:05 AM.
Gamer Printshop - We print RPG Maps for Game Masters!
Kaidan setting of Japanese Horror (PFRPG) Google+ community
That's a great idea for a world map. It's looking really good so far. My only suggestion would be to tone down the brown at the end of the meteor's path. At the moment its sitting over the river source and altering the water colour there, which looks a little strange. Perhaps switching the brown to a multiply or overlay blend would integrate it with the map a little more.
Looking good!
What can I say other than looking good there?
Some of the bump-mapping/embossing/height-mapping seems a bit extreme, maybe those could be toned down a bit?
I really like the forest and the 'cracked earth' textures. Marvellous work as usual!
I, too, am liking the tree fill and cracks fill...adds that lil bit of character. Nice start.
An update on the map, showing a wider area around the equatorial zone. I filled the crater with a lake, placed to shattered ground ripples in the desert beyond the mountain range from the crater area. More mountains, shattered the mountains too. The darker green forests around the rift waterway are swampy regions. Got a bunch of 1 pixel wide rivers and some .5 pixel tributaries. Note some jungle in the mountains too.
Update so far...
Gamer Printshop - We print RPG Maps for Game Masters!
Kaidan setting of Japanese Horror (PFRPG) Google+ community
Wow! That's pretty cool. Nice work.
Paratime Design Cartography
"Do infants have as much fun in infancy as adults do in adultery?" - Groucho Marx
When I complete this map, I think I am going to create another Xara Xtreme tutorial - the techniques I use to create regional/continental maps, including forest texturing and layering, mountain creation, canyons, cut rivers and more.
Again, I know the number of users for Xara here is 1, maybe two if you count Ravs using Serif DrawPlus, which is the closet app to Xara Xtreme, but there might be some techniques that can cross into other apps - GIMP, Illustrator...
I really am trying to convert more users to apps like Xara Xtreme.
Gamer Printshop - We print RPG Maps for Game Masters!
Kaidan setting of Japanese Horror (PFRPG) Google+ community
FINE!!!! I'm downloading it ...
But if it don't have a magic "Instant Map" button .... I'm going to be VERRRYY Disappointed!!!
Don't Forget!! Rate a Tutorial Today; Add a TAG to a thread today; CLICK on a GOOGLE ADLINK once today!


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this wiki
- "You think you can mess with me? I will blow your head off, and rape and kill your family, you snake. You think you can fucking bullshit me, and fuck me over? I know your fucking game, ese."
- — T-Bone's angry on Carl.
Outrider is the final mission in Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas given to protagonist Carl Johnson by the Loco Syndicate from Carl's garage in the Doherty district of San Fierro, San Andreas.
Jizzy B. phones Carl and tells him to get to a car in the Xoomer gas station at Easter Basin. T-Bone Mendez is waiting for Carl there.
He makes his way to the car and sees that nobody is there. As he gets in, T-Bone appears from the backseat and threatens to kill Carl, since he suspects him of working for someone else, and has another true purpose. Carl says he's only working for money, which prompts T-Bone to move the gun away from his face. Mike Toreno suddenly appears and asks if they are done. Since they are, they make their way to a drug shipment nearby.
Carl collects a sniper rifle, as well as a rocket launcher, and hops on a Sanchez. He then destroys the road blocks created by the Da Nang Boys. After all the four roadblocks are removed, he guards the shipment safely back to the yay factory in Doherty. Once there, Carl tells a San Fierro Rifa gang member to get the van out of sight, as cops will come snooping around real soon.
Mission objectives
In order to complete the mission the player must:
- Go to the car
- Drive to the van's location
- Pick up the escort bike
- Take out the first roadblock before the van gets there
- Use the rocket launcher to destroy the roadblocks
- Clear the next roadblock
- Clear the next roadblock
- Destroy the final roadblock
- Make sure the van gets to its destination safely
The rewards for this mission are $9,000 and an increase in respect. The mission Snail Trail is unlocked.
Tips and Tricks
- Similarly to the the Seville Boulevard Families gang members in the mission Sweet's Girl, the Da Nang Boys in this mission will not shoot at the player until they are shot; thus, if the player has obtained satchel charges before the mission, it is possible to place satchel charges on all the gang members and kill them all at once.
- Triggering this mission can be tricky if you don't know where to look; instead of starting at Jizzy's Pleasure Domes, the mission is triggered at Carl's garage in Doherty.
- The license plate on the car that Mendez waits in read's 'OMEGA'.
- If you look closely before CJ gets into the car at the gas station in the second cutscene, you may notice that the roof is slightly raised compared to other Washingtons. It is unknown why.
- If Carl arrives at his garage in a vehicle and parks it outside when he steps on the mission trigger, the vehicle will disappear during the telephone call, requiring him to either jack a vehicle or use one parked in his garage.


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One of the worlds most popular flowers gerbera daisies are known for their brilliant hues. Send this beautiful bouquet to add a touch of brightness and a splash of color to someone life. A great gift for every occasion.
This exquisite flower arrangement professionally
arranged by our local florist in Zambia. Our experienced Zambia florists will ensure that the style, theme and color scheme of your arrangement Gerbera Daisies is preserved and
will substitute only fresh flowers of equal or higher value. Gerbera Daisies are created and wrapped after you place the order.


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About GEGGAMOJA
Kids don't think twice before telling you that your breath stinks, before announcing that Grandma´s food is disgusting, or before asking strangers about the red spots on their face. As annoying it may be, in many ways their brutal honesty is all part of their charm.
At Geggamoja we have no desire to change this honesty. On the contrary we feel that we adults occasionally would benefit from applying some of it to our own lives. Therefore we are committed to only make clothes in materials and designs we would love to see our own children dressed in. Rather than speculating in
what may sell some five seasons ahead, we stay true to our own feelings about what's right and what's not, for families as well as for business.
You see, to us there is no difference between these two since we are a family business consisting of two sisters with two young families.
In short: We dress. You raise.
Our goal is to create good looking, practical and comfortable clothing. Fun details transform a simple jacket or a cute dress into a cool garment. Most garments are unisex. They are made in lovely materials like triquots, velour, cotton, jersey, denim and fleece. Solid colors are matched with a classic stripe in new fresh color combinations. In addition, the popular hat collection is made in various trendy and irresistible patterns. It is not surprising that the hats are just as popular among adults!
ORGANIC COTTON and GOTS
The fabrics in Geggamojas organic collection is certified to GOTS (Global Organic Textile Standard), the internationally best-known standard for organic textile production. GOTS sets environmental standards throughout the manufacturing process and includes the cultivation, harvesting, production, processes, manufacture, packaging and labeling. For more information, visit www.global-standard.org.
GEGGAMOJA aims to produce all products as responsibly and sustainable as possible.
This is a continuing process between GEGGAMOJA and its producers. We aim for a broad and long-term environmental approach to our entire business,
which is a constant factor in all decision making at all levels. Our goal is to have a 100% sustainable company.


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- Home
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Easy to learn
1Indonesian is easy to learn. Within a month of beginning the program, you will find that you are already able to have some simple conversations in Indonesian as well as to write short compositions using the language with no complicating factors or memorisation nightmares.
2Indonesia is a country rich in cultural diversity with hundreds of different ethnic groups. Each group has its own unique traditions and arts, making Indonesia a country of interest to students of anthropology, ethnomusicology, theater, and art.
DIVERSE in Religion
3 Indonesia has the largest Moslem population of any country in the world. At the same time, it is a country that is diverse in religion. World religions include Hindu, Buddhist, Catholic and Protestant. Kaharingan, the religion of the Dayak peoples of Kalimantan has gained official recognition as a religion.
Developing Nation
4 Indonesia is a developing nation rich in natural and human resources and promising economic potential, making it a country of interest to economists, geographers, international businessmen and women, and development workers.


text: Now it's time to get funky. This Plus Size Men's Funky Chicken Costume features everything you need to transform yourself into a giant silly looking chicken. The item includes a full body yellow microfiber jumpsuit, as well as a matching chicken headpiece, a pair of red and white striped stockings, and a pair of orange chicken's feet shoe covers. Wear this Plus Size Men's Funky Chicken Costume to your next Halloween or theme party and be the tastiest looking person at the event. Everybody will want a bite out of you, so be prepared to make a run for it. But if everyone at the party is full already, then you should be able to dance and show off your funky moves. It'll be poultry in motion!


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CanCan Collection by Lights Up
Lamps from the Cancan Collection by Lights Up! Use the combination of subtlety and brightness to enhance any space. With simple bodies, these table and floor lamps will integrate seamlessly into most rooms. However, their shades also carry a variety of bright designs to mix up the decor. These lamps are minimalistic but still highly decorative.


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First Class Touring
River Cruising
Vacation Packages
Discover the wonders of this extraordinary country: unspoiled scenery, majestic peaks, sparkling lakes, and cities with cosmopolitan flair. Begin with an overnight in Zürich, then travel through the hilly landscapes to Appenzell with a stop in the tiny Principality of Liechtenstein. Enjoy pastoral "Heidiland" on your way to the glamorous St. Moritz resort. Marvel at the breathtaking views on the included Bernina Express alpine train that whisks you to Tirano, Italy. Rejoin your motorcoach to arrive on the shores of splendid Lake Lugano, then to Italy's Lake Maggiore and crossing Simplon Pass to re-enter Switzerland. Overnight in Täsch and enjoy free time in car-free Zermatt at the foot of the mighty Matterhorn. Journey to the Lausanne area, then to Gruyère to visit a local cheese factory, to the charming Swiss capital of Berne, and to Lake Lucerne, surrounded by snowcapped Alps. Your adventure concludes with a final overnight in vibrant Zürich.
Individual headsetsInside visits and special features: Shown in UPPERCASE in the tour description including admission charges where applicable.Sightseeing: Visits to Appenzell, Vaduz, St. Moritz, Lugano, Zermatt, Gruyères Village, Berne, Interlaken, Lucerne
Scenic Highlights:Julier Pass, Engadine Valley, Swiss-Italian Lake District, Simplon Pass, Matterhorn, Bernese OberlandScenic Drive:Lake Maggiore, Lake Geneva
Professional Tour Director while touring
Check into your hotel in Zürich. The rest of the day is free for exploring this exciting city. Tonight, meet your Tour Director and fellow travelers. (D)
A sensational drive today takes you through some of Switzerland's most renowned cantons. By way of the market town of Herisau, stop in Appenzell to see the Old Town with its 16th-century Town Hall. Continue east to the minute Principality of Liechtenstein for a visit of its tiny capital, Vaduz. Pass through scenic "Heidiland" and into the Rhine Valley before starting the ascent up mighty Julier Pass. Soon, you'll be in the heart of Switzerland's largest canton, the Grisons, where you'll marvel at some of the world's best Alpine views. Spend the next two nights in glamorous St. Moritz, host of two Olympic Winter Games (1928 and 1948) and the premier winter retreat of European royalty, celebrities, and the international jet set for more than a century. (B)
Enjoy a whole day to explore this scenic Engadine valley resort. Renowned for its stunning forest, lake, and mountain setting and an average of 322 days of sunshine per year, St. Moritz is comprised of two villages separated by a mile of lake shore—St. Moritz Dorf and St. Moritz Bad. Extending up the slope from the lake, terraced Dorf is a tapestry of grand hotels, upscale boutiques, and traditional Engadine architecture, characterized by arched wooden doors, small deep-set windows, and artistically etched facades. Meanwhile, neighboring Bad is known for its ice rink, mineral and mud baths, and energetic nightlife. (B,D)
One of Europe's most spectacular TRAIN rides begins today in St. Moritz, whisking you across lofty Bernina Pass via the Swiss Poschiavo area to Tirano in the Italian Valtellina. Here, rejoin your motorcoach and journey to the shores of sparkling Lake Lugano. (B)
This morning, discover the highlights of charming, subtropical Lugano before traveling to Lake Maggiore, Italy's second-largest lake. Consider joining the optional boat trip for a visit to the garden island of Isola Bella with its splendid 17th-century palazzo (palace). Return to Switzerland via picturesque Simplon Pass and hop aboard the TRAIN in Täsch for the only connection to car-free Zermatt, a resort surrounded by Switzerland's highest mountains—including the celebrated Matterhorn. (B,D)
Time this morning to stroll through town and maybe take a break to sample the local fare, like raclette, fondue, or hand-made chocolate, or to shop for an authentic Swiss watch or Swiss Army Knife. Later, take the train back to Täsch, where you will rejoin the coach and continue your journey through the vineyards and apricot groves of the lower Rhône Valley to crescent-shaped Lake Geneva, one of Europe's largest lakes. (B)
Spend either a whole day at leisure exploring Lausanne and its environs; or join an optional excursion to charming Geneva, with its cobblestoned Old Town and the Palais des Nations, European headquarters of the United Nations. (B,D)
Travel northeast today, stopping in picturesque Gruyères to visit a local CHEESE FACTORY. Then, on to Berne, Switzerland's charming 12th-century capital. The Old Town is a showcase of medieval architecture, arcaded shops, artistic fountains, and the landmark Zytglogge (clock tower), an ornate animated astronomical clock built in 1530. Travel on, skirting the shores of Lake Thun, and arrive in the renowned resort of Interlaken for a visit before crossing Brünig Pass to Lucerne. Tonight, why not join an optional folklore evening, complete with yodeling and alphorn blowing? (B)
Today, discover the wonders of Lucerne, a city straight out of a storybook. Situated on Lake Lucerne in the shadows of the snowcapped Alps, your visit takes in the highlights, including cobblestone streets lined with frescoed homes, the world-famous CHAPEL BRIDGE, and the poignant LION MONUMENT. Perhaps choose from a wonderful selection of optional activities—the most popular is an excursion to Stanserhorn mountain. In the late afternoon, an easy drive returns you to Zürich for a final overnight. (B)
Your vacation ends with breakfast this morning. (B)
Transportation: Touring by private, first-class, air-conditioned motorcoach; the Bernina Express train; Mountain Train Täsch-Zermatt
Buffet breakfasts saily; 4 dinners
With Cosmos, there's no better way to get to know your destination than through the eyes of your Tour Director. Averaging over a decade... we'd like you to meet a Tour Director, who is representative of the type of expert that will be with you on your vacation.
Switzerland-where better to take a break than in this naturally stunning and peaceful country? On a tour of this remarkable place, I won't just show you the Switzerland that you will find in the guidebooks (chocolate, fondue, and clocks that go "cuckoo"), I will share with you the genuine "Swiss" experience. There's more to this unique country than meets the eye!
The following UNESCO World Heritage Sites can be seen or visited on the Grand Tour of Switzerland:


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Catalog search
Catalog links
Graduate Bulletin 2013-2015 » Academic Programs and Courses » Health Sciences » Courses in Nutrition » DFN 794: Thesis Seminar in Clinical Nutrition.
DFN 794: Thesis Seminar in Clinical Nutrition.
3 credits (may be re-elected for a maximum of 6 credits). Individual research, under supervision, in clinical nutrition or nutritional biochemistry. Credit granted upon completion and acceptance of thesis. PREREQ: DFN 791 and Graduate Adviser's permission.
Last modified: 8/4/2015


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White: Belfort loses no.1 contender status w/ loss
At the very least, Vitor Belfort and UFC President Dana White agree on one thing -- Belfort is the middleweight division's No. 1 contender.
White repeated that sentiment on Tuesday, stating on a conference call that Belfort "definitely" still held claim to middleweight's top spot, despite his upcoming light heavyweight bout against Dan Henderson.
Where the two sides differ, though, is whether Belfort's UFC Fight Night 32 date with Henderson has the chance to affect his 185-pound ranking.
"If [Belfort] loses to Dan Henderson, could he still fight for the title? No, I don't think so," White said.
"Vitor's got to win the fight. This isn't one of those fights where he's moving up to light heavyweight to fight Jon Jones. He's fighting another 185-pounder. They just decided not to cut weight, to fight at 205."


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May 6, 2016
Police say two men who were caught on surveillance video after they stole money from a Walmart cash register are now believed to have done it in multiple cities here in Eastern Carolina.
Last week Kinston police released photos of three men who they say distracted a cashier and then made off with several hundred dollars from the register.
Now Greenville police say the same thing happened at their Walmart on March 15th. Police say it took place the day before the Kinston theft around 4:45 p.m.
Greenville police released photos today of two men who they say are suspects in the theft.
Anyone with information about these men should call Greenville police at 252-329-4315 or CrimeStoppers at 252-758-7777.
Previous Story
Police need your help in locating three men who they say took several hundred dollars in cash from a Walmart.
Kinston police released video Tuesday morning of the three men as they left the Walmart on U.S. 70 on Saturday around 1:15 p.m.
Police say one of the men handed a cashier paper money to pay for his purchase, but after the employee opened the cash register, the man asked to instead pay with change. While the cashier counted the change, another man reached in the cash drawer and stole the money.
Anyone who can identify the three men should call Kinston police at 252-939-3190.
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Microbial Electrosynthesis: Carbon Dioxide and Water to Extracellular Organics
Copyright © 2010 Nevin et al.
This article appeared first in mBio, an open-access journal of the American Society for Microbiology operating under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License.
The article is a verbatim version of the original and is not available for edits or additions by Encyclopedia of Earth editors or authors. Companion articles on the same topic that are editable may exist within the Encyclopedia of Earth.
Microbial Electrosynthesis: Feeding Microbes Electricity
To Convert Carbon Dioxide and Water to Multicarbon
Extracellular Organic Compounds
The possibility of providing the acetogenic microorganism Sporomusa ovata with electrons delivered directly to the cells with a graphite electrode for the reduction of carbon dioxide to organic compounds was investigated. Biofilms of S. ovata growing on graphite cathode surfaces consumed electrons with the reduction of carbon dioxide to acetate and small amounts of 2-oxobutyrate. Electrons appearing in these products accounted for over 85% of the electrons consumed. These results demonstrate that microbial production of multicarbon organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water with electricity as the energy source is feasible.
Importance Reducing carbon dioxide to multicarbon organic chemicals and fuels with electricity has been identified as an attractive strategy to convert solar energy that is harvested intermittently with photovoltaic technology and store it as covalent chemical bonds. The organic compounds produced can then be distributed via existing infrastructure. Nonbiological electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide has proven problematic. The results presented here suggest that microbiological catalysts may be a robust alternative, and when coupled with photovoltaics, current-driven microbial carbon dioxide reduction represents a new form of photosynthesis that might convert solar energy to organic products more effectively than traditional biomass-based strategies.
The intermittent nature of renewable sources of energy, most notably solar and wind, is leading to a search for strategies to capture the electrical energy produced from these sources in covalent chemical bonds, producing compounds that can readily be stored and consumed on demand, preferably within the existing infrastructure (1). One particularly attractive option is to reduce carbon dioxide to produce multicarbon organic compounds that are precursors for desirable organic chemicals or liquid transportation fuels (2). Basic requirements for a practical system to fix carbon dioxide in this manner include (i) the ability to use electrons derived from water as an abundant, inexpensive source of reductant (1, 2); and (ii) inexpensive, durable catalysts (3).
Reaction thermodynamics suggests that it should be readily feasible to electrochemically reduce carbon dioxide to a diversity of organic compounds, and this process has been studied for over a hundred years (4, 5). However, in practice, abiotic electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide has not proven practical in large part due to (i) poor long-term stability of the cathodes, (ii) nonspecificity of products produced, (iii) sluggishness of carbon dioxide reduction, (iv) competition with hydrogen production, and (v) cathode expense (3). Incorporating enzyme catalysts on electrodes may promote more specific product formation from electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide and lower the energy required for reduction (3), but experiments on enzymatic reduction have typically lasted only a matter of hours, reflecting the fact that enzymes adsorbed to electrodes do not have long-term stability.
Acetogenic bacteria can reduce carbon dioxide to acetate and other multicarbon extracellular products with hydrogen as the electron donor (6, 7). However, supplying acetogens with hydrogen that is produced electrochemically is unlikely to be practical because it would require expensive catalysts and/or substantial energy inputs (8). An alternative might be to directly feed acetogens electrons with electrodes. Geobacter and Anaeromyxobacter species have previously been shown to accept electrons from graphite electrodes for the reduction of fumarate to succinate (9), the reduction of nitrate to nitrite (9), U(VI) reduction (10), or reductive dechlorination (11, 12). It has also been suggested that it may be possible to directly supply methanogenic microorganisms electrons at electrode surfaces for carbon dioxide reduction to methane (13), but this has been difficult to verify because there can be significant electrochemical hydrogen production at the low electrode potentials required for active methanogenesis (14).
Culturing in H cells.
We evaluated the possibility of feeding an acetogen electrons from an electrode with Sporomusa ovata (15) (Deutsche Sammlung Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen [DSMZ] culture 2662). Cells were grown in the cathode chambers of "H cells" (Fig. 1a), which have previously been used to evaluate other forms of electrode-driven anaerobic respiration (9–12). The cathode and anode were comprised of unpolished graphite sticks. The anode and cathode chambers, each containing 200 ml of medium, were separated with a Nafion cation-exchange membrane. A potentiostat maintained a potential difference between the anode and cathode. Electrons extracted from water at the anode were delivered to the cathode at −400 mV (versus standard hydrogen electrode), a potential well above the −600 mV necessary to produce even low levels of hydrogen with unpolished graphite (8). The lack of hydrogen production was verified by directly measuring hydrogen concentrations with a reduction gas analyzer as previously described (9). In most instances, the electrical current was obtained from a standard electrical outlet, but a solar-powered potentiostat (Fig. 1a), comprised of a solar panel and voltage control unit built with standard electrical components, could also support the system.
An inoculum of S. ovata was grown with hydrogen as the electron donor (H2-CO2 [80:20]) in the DSMZ-recommended growth medium (DSMZ 311) with betaine, Casitone, and resazurin omitted. The hydrogen-grown cells were introduced into the cathode chamber in the same medium but with the yeast extract and the cysteine and sulfide reductants omitted. This bicarbonate-based medium contained no organic compounds other than a vitamin mixture, and carbon dioxide was the sole electron acceptor. The culture was initially bubbled with a hydrogen-containing gas mixture (N2-CO2-H2 [80:13:7]) as an additional electron donor to accelerate the growth of a biofilm on the cathode surface. Acetate was measured with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (16). Once acetate reached 10 mM, 50% of the medium was replaced with fresh medium. This process was repeated three times. This periodic removal of planktonic cells promoted biofilm growth on the cathode. The gas phase was then switched to N2-CO2 (80:20). Once the consumption of current was observed (within 24 h), the system was switched to flowthrough mode in which fresh medium maintained under N2-CO2 was continuously introduced (0.1 ml/min; dilution rate of 0.03 h−1) as previously described (16, 17). Hydrogen partial pressures in the headspace remained less than 10 ppm throughout the study, ca. 2 orders of magnitude below the minimum threshold for acetate production from hydrogen by acetogens (18).
Systems with S. ovata steadily consumed current with the production of acetate and small amounts of 2-oxobutyrate (Fig. 1b). Uninoculated controls did not consume current or produce organic acids. If the current supply to the S. ovata biofilm was interrupted, acetate and 2-oxobutyrate production stopped.
Although it was not possible to measure carbon dioxide consumption due to the high concentrations of bicarbonate in the medium, it was possible to calculate an electron balance. Electrons appearing in acetate accounted for a high proportion of the electrons that the cultures consumed (Fig. 1b). In three replicate cultures, the electron recovery in acetate and 2-oxobutyrate was 86% ± 21% of the electrons transferred at the cathodes. These results demonstrated that S. ovata could accept electrons from graphite electrodes with the reduction of carbon dioxide and that most of the electrons transferred from the electrodes to the cells were diverted toward extracellular products, rather than biomass formation. The S. ovata cathode biofilms were robust and have been run for periods of more than 3 months without losing their capacity for current consumption and acetate production.
The long-term viability of S. ovata biofilms was further evident from confocal scanning laser microscopy of a biofilm that had been fixing carbon dioxide for 3 months. The cells in biofilms treated with LIVE/DEAD BacLight viability stain, as previously described (16, 17), stained green, suggesting that they were healthy and metabolically active (Fig. 2a). The biofilms were relatively thin, similar to the biofilms previously described for other microorganisms growing on cathodes (9, 11, 12). This was further confirmed with scanning electron micrographs of the cathode surface (Fig. 2b), prepared as previously described (19). The cells appeared to be intimately associated with the graphite surface, as would be expected for direct electrode-to-cell electron transfer (9, 11, 12). There was no visible turbidity in the cathode chamber, consistent with previous studies on direct electrode-driven respiration (9–12) and further suggesting that biofilm cells were primarily responsible for current consumption and carbon dioxide reduction.
These results demonstrate that S. ovata is capable of using electrons derived from an electrode as the sole electron donor for the reduction of carbon dioxide to acetate. The high coulumbic efficiencies of acetate production (electrons appearing in acetate/electrons consumed as current) are consistent with the following reaction: 2CO2 + 2 H2O → CH3COOH + 2O2.
This conversion of carbon dioxide and water to an organic compound and oxygen is the same net reaction as oxygenic photosynthesis. We propose the term microbial electrosynthesis for the reduction of carbon dioxide to multicarbon compounds with electrons donated from an electrode as the electron donor. Microbial electrosynthesis differs significantly from photosynthesis in that carbon and electron flow is directed primarily to the formation of extracellular products, rather than biomass. Biomass typically requires extensive additional processing for chemical or fuel production. When coupled to a photovoltaic system, microbial electrosynthesis offers a new photosynthetic technology for the production of organic products with the added advantage that photovoltaic technology is orders of magnitude more effective in capturing solar energy than photosynthesis is (20).
Although acetate has economic value (6), a more important consideration is that acetate is formed from acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) (6, 7), which is the central intermediate for the genetically engineered production of a wide range of chemical commodities as well as potential liquid transportation fuels (21, 22). The fact that small amounts of 2-oxobutyrate were produced, in addition to acetate, demonstrates that even without any engineering, some carbon and electron flow was diverted away from acetate production. The acetogen Clostridium ljungdahlii has recently been genetically engineered to produce the gasoline substitute butanol from acetyl-CoA (23). Attempts to genetically engineer S. ovata and other acetogens to produce products other than acetate via microbial electrosynthesis are under way.
This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S Department of Energy, Cooperative Agreement DE-FC02-02ER63446.
We thank Daniel Drell, Department of Energy, for thought-provoking discussions that led to the development of this project.
Citation Nevin, K. P., T. L. Woodard, A. E. Franks, Z. M. Summers, and D. R. Lovley. 2010. Microbial electrosynthesis: feeding microbes electricity to convert carbon dioxide and water to multicarbon extracellular organic compounds. mBio 1(2):e00103-10. doi:10.1128/mBio.00103-10.
Received 1 April 2010
- Accepted 5 May 2010
- Published 25 May 2010
- Copyright © 2010 Nevin et al.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License, which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
1. N. S. Lewis and D. G. Nocera. 2006. Powering the planet: chemical challenges in solar energy utilization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 103:15729–15735.
2. G. Centi and S. Perathoner. 2009. Opportunities and prospects in the chemical recycling of carbon dioxide to fuels. Catal. Today 148:191–205.
3. M. Aresta E. B. Cole and A. B. Bocarsly. 2010. Photochemical, electrochemical, and photochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, p. 291–316. In M. Aresta , Carbon dioxide as chemical feedstock. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co., Weinheim, Germany.
5. C. Olomon and H. Li. 2008. Electrochemical processing of carbon dioxide. ChemSusChem 1:385–391.
6. H. L. Drake, A. S. Gössner, and S. L. Daniel. 2008. Old acetogens, new light. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1125:100–128.
10. K. B. Gregory and D. R. Lovley. 2005. Remediation and recovery of uranium from contaminated subsurface environments with electrodes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39:8943–8947.
11. S. M. Strycharz, S. M. Gannon, A. R. Boles, K. P. Nevin, A. E. Franks, and D. R. Lovley. 2010. Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans interacts with a poised graphite electrode for reductive dechlorination of 2-chlorophenol. Environ. Microbiol. Rep. 2:289–294.
12. S. M. Strycharz, T. L. Woodward, J. P. Johnson, K. P. Nevin, R. A. Sanford, F. E. Loeffler, and D. R. Lovley. 2008. Graphite electrode as a sole electron donor for reductive dechlorination of tetrachlorethene by Geobacter lovleyi. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74:5943–5947.
13. S. Cheng, D. Xing, D. F. Call, and B. E. Logan. 2009. Direct biological conversion of electrical current into methane by electromethanogenesis. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43:3953–3958.
14. M. Villano, F. Aulenta, C. Ciucci, T. Ferri, A. Giuliano, and M. Majone. 2010. Bioelectrochemical reduction of CO2 to CH4 via direct and indirect extracellular electron transfer by a hydrogenophilic methanogenic culture. Bioresource Technol. 101:3085–3090.
15. B. Moller, R. Obmer, B. H. Howard, G. Gottschalk, and H. Hippe. 1984. Sporomusa, a new genus of gram-negative anaerobic bacteria including Sporomusa sphaeroides spec. nov. and Sporomusa ovata spec. nov. Arch. Microbiol. 139:388–396.
16. K. P. Nevin, H. Richter, S. F. Covalla, J. P. Johnson, T. L. Woodard, H. Jia, M. Zhang, and D. R. Lovley. 2008. Power output and columbic efficiencies from biofilms of Geobacter sulfurreducens comparable to mixed community microbial fuel cells. Environ. Microbiol. 10:2505–2514.
17. 1. G. Reguera, K. P. Nevin, J. S. Nicoll, S. F. Covalla, T. L. Woodard, and 6. D. R. Lovley. 2006. Biofilm and nanowire production leads to increased current in Geobacter sulfurreducens fuel cells. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72:7345–7348.
18. R. Cord-Ruwisch, H. Seitz, and R. Conrad. 1988. The capacity of hydrogenotrophic anaerobic bacteria to compete for traces of hydrogen depends on the redox potential of the terminal electron acceptor. Arch. Microbiol. 149:350–357.
19. J. C. Araujo, F. C. Téran, R. A. Oliveira, E. A. A. Nour, A. P. Montenegro, J. R. Campos, and R. F. Vazoller. 2003. Comparison of hexmethyldisilazane and critical point drying treatments for SEM analysis of anaerobic biofilms and granular sludge. J. Electron Microsc. 52:429–433.
20. JASON, Mitre Corporation. 2006. Engineering microorganisms for energy production. Department of Energy Report JSR-05-300. JASON, Mitre Corporation, McLean, VA.
21. J. L. Fortman, S. Chhabra, A. Mukhopadhyay, H. Chou, T. S. Lee, E. Steen, and J. D. Keasling. 2008. Biofuel alternatives to ethanol: pumping the microbial well. Trends Biotechnol. 26:375–381.
22. Y. Yan and J. C. Liao. 2009. Engineering metabolic systems for the production of advanced fuels. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 36:471–479.
23. M. Kopke. 2009. Genetische Veranderung von Clostridium ljungdahlii zur Produktion von 1-butanol aus Synthesegas. Ph.D. Dissertation. Ulm University, Hamburg, Germany.
Editor's Notes
Authors: Kelly P. Nevin, Trevor L. Woodard, Ashley E. Franks, Zarath M. Summers, and Derek R. Lovley of the Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.
Address correspondence to Derek R. Lovley, email@example.com
mBio Editor Rita R. Colwell, University of Maryland.


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Jussi Jokinen is headed back to North America after his final game with Karpat.
Brooks Orpik (upper body) is expected to be in the lineup for Game 1 against the Penguins.
Brooks Orpik (upper body) will be a game-time decision on Thursday.
Braden Holtby is a finalist for the Vezina Trophy.
Zach Parise had been playing with a herniated disk in his lower back for three months before a hit on April 5 took him out of the lineup.
Andrew Ladd can become an unrestricted free agent in July, but he appears to be open to giving the Blackhawks a discount on his services.
Pekka Rinne made 36 saves to lead Nashville to a 2-1 Game 7 win over Anaheim on Tuesday.
Forward Shane Prince scored two first-period goals Wednesday night to help the visiting New York Islanders upset the Tampa Bay Lightning 5-3 in the first game of the teams' second-round playoff series.
Brayden Schenn has been suspended for three games for charging Washington's T.J. Oshie.
Steven Stamkos (vascular surgery) took part in Tuesday's practice in a no-contact role.
Blues goalie Brian Elliott excelled Monday night, kicking out 31 shots en route to a 3-2, series-deciding victory over the Chicago Blackhawks in St. Louis.
Troy Brouwer's first goal of the post-season at 8:31 of the third period Monday night lifted the St. Louis Blues to a 3-2 triumph and a series victory over the defending Stanley Cup champion Chicago Blackhawks.


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Yes, SpikedShield buff is a great one as i mentioned. You can also use ExBeneficient. In that regard this errata has been an upgrade from previous ones where with luck only 1 (Dandan) came out good from all buff attempts. There been good changes this errata. Folrart FlyingCavalry and SpikedShield are some of them.
It's also not that ExGarfath never been useful or had purpose, it's that i just can't wrap my head around changes like his. His -1Rng perma debuff is an outdated penalty; The first thing to notice when bringing old cards up to date. How you can turn that observation into a 1SP Skill far below Folrart standards is a questionmark to me. It's the worst version of the rangeless 'Flying Attack'. (1SP. Do Dmg:Atk to target unit)
They have lots of cool ideas (like Orthos), and then just fail to carry it home. It's like they don't know how to turn a concept into a viable addition. I've seen so many cards and errata's that are only a small tweak away from usage... it's saddening. Everytime you go "damn... just 1 more Agi and it'd work", "Just remove the 50%Atk part", "Just lower Atk and add to Rng or HP", "make Shieldbreaker random Def>0", "Bash random disengaged unit", "Remove the 'and then' clausule", "make auto into start", and so forth. The most obvious and basic tweaks if you actually start picturing it in a working file. Then there's missed opportunities and potential to further enhance a cards purpose. Add " Abel. StartSkill: Target gets This unit's Agi=Rng for this turn" BAM! -1Agi gets workable, "ExGarfath. Action: Switch Friendly unit's Rng and Agi." BAM! refresh that Rng at cost of Agi, "MermaidSoldier[Human]. Start: Friendly unit gets Agi-1, for this turn. Random Rival unit in rng gets Agi-1." BAM! actionskill has a disengaged mermaid. But i know Logress is against most huge changes, and he is the final decision maker (you can thank him for that FolrartShield buff)... I got no hope or confidence in this game's errata methods with the current chain of command. It lacks someone standing at that top with a clear view of what makes a card viable, what's needed to make it work and fit into a file/folrart. And that leaves me with an awful feeling concerning this games future. -.-


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Difference between revisions of "Start to manage a Joomla! 1.5 site"
From Joomla! Documentation
(→Contacts management)
(→Further information)
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'''Other backup tools'''
'''Other backup tools'''
*Example - [http://extensions.joomla.org/extensions/access-a-security/site-security/backup/1606 Akeeba]
*Example - [http://extensions.joomla.org/extensions/access-a-security/site-security/backup/1606 Akeeba]
--[[User:LornaS|Lorna Scammell]] January 2011
--[[User:LornaS|Lorna Scammell]] January 2011
Revision as of 13:34, 4 February 2011
The aim of this document is to give a brief introduction to the tasks needed for the day-to-day running of a Joomla! site.
- 1 Who is it written for?
- 2 What does an Administrator do?
- 3 Manage Users
- 4 Content management
- 5 Global Configuration
- 6 Backups
- 7 Security issues
- 8 Further information
Who is it written for?
Everyone: who needs to look after a Joomla! site.
- It is written on the assumption that you have used the Back-end and have some initial experience of setting up a simple Joomla! site.
What does an Administrator do?
The Administrator role is varied and it is useful to distinguish the day-to-day activities from those that involve adding to the functionality or altering the appearance of a Site.
Who does the work tends to depend on the site. Day-to-day administration and development are sometimes done by the same person but often done by different people because different skills are needed. For a general site, perhaps for a club or small organisation, one person is likely to do most of the work. For a larger site, there will be specialists for many of the functions needed.
This document focusses on the day-to-day running of a relatively small site.
Cross Reference: The advanced aspects of managing and extending a site are not dealt with here. There are links and helpful advice - in learning more doc
Overview of day-to-day activities
Not everything is done every day - obviously!
- Day-to-day activities where the site is not altered
- day-to-day operation and maintenance of the site
- managing user access
- content management
- Global configurations
- back up
- Security of the website. Administrators need to be aware of security issues
- Security policies
- Security of usernames and passwords
The majority of the work is done using the Back-end of the Web site but sometimes it is necessary to login to the server on which the site is hosted.
Administrator permissions:
Make sure that you username has appropriate permissions.
- Super Administrators: Can do anything and in particular they can alter configurations and install new extensions.
- Administrators: Can do most things, apart from installing extensions, altering site-wide configurations or the Super administrator user accounts.
- Managers: Can login to these pages but are limited to the main menu and managing the content.
It is obvious that administrators need to be aware that they can alter content anywhere on the site and can change how the site functions, so their role is important - even if it is hidden from the Front-end.
Manage Users
You need to login to the Back-end of the Web site and make sure you can see the Control icons on the main part of the Control Panel. (or select from the menu Site/Control Panel )
Security of usernames and passwords
There should be a policy for allowing different users different levels of access to the site. This is to protect the site from accidental damage and 'hacking'. Security is clearly more significant for commercial or business sites.
There is a lot of advice about this elsewhere - (ref link)
Do this:-
- Have short usernames without spaces that people can remember but are not names and do not indicate an administration role. Thus 'admin' is not a good username.
- Make passwords strong - with numbers, lower and upper case letters.
- Give people the permissions they need to do their tasks. If people are just adding content, do not give them any of the back-end permissions. You may want to make everyone who is going to add content at least an editor so that they can edit unpublished material. (Link to permissions doc)
Adding Front-end users
|Cross Reference: for more detail about levels of permission on a Joomla! site see, Controlling user access to a Joomla! Site
- Open the User Manager
- This lists users.
- Create a New User
- Click on the New icon
The User:[new] management page allows you to enter the details. To the left you enter the name and user name, as well as selecting the Group for the user. To the right there are options for other choices, including different editors. So you can make different choices for different users. If nothing is chosen under Parameters, then the Global choices will be used.
Allowing Users to register themselves
There are advantages and disadvantages in allowing people to register for the site themselves. The choice here depends on the purpose of the site and how many registratins you expect.
- It is set under Global Configuration
- Open the Global Configuration Manager in the Control Screen
- Choose the System Tab
Set Allow User Registration to Yes if you want visitors to be able to register themselves or to No if you do not want them to self-register.
It is here too that you choose the New User Registration Type. It defaults to Registered and so people who register themselves have to be given further permissions if they are going to edit or add content - or be an administrator.
Content management
Articles, Menus, Sections and Categories
You have already worked with the Manager interfaces as part of setting up a site. See Hands-on setting up a Joomla! site The best way to become familiar with the details is to use the facilities and rely on the on-line Help for detailed descriptions of what choices there are.
- Article Manager and Add New Article
- The Article Manager is where you can add and manage all the articles for your web site. You can publish, unpublish, edit, archive and much else.
- This is where you can alter the Section and Category of an Article and also delete unwanted content.
- See Background: get to know the Back-end
- Front Page Manager
- The Front Page Manager is the place where you control which Articles are displayed on the Front Page and in what order they are displayed.
- The Front Page is often the Home page of a web site, but it can be any page in the site.
- The Front Page is created using a Menu Item with the Front Page layout.
- Section Manager
- The Section Manager is the place where you can edit existing Sections and create new ones.
- Background: design the content - Sections and Categories
- Category Manager
- The Category Manager is where you can edit existing Categories and create new ones.
- Background: design the content - Sections and Categories
- Menu Manager
- The Menu Manager allows you add and alter Joomla!'s menus.
- You can re-position menus within the menu heirachy here too.
- Background:design appearance using Menus and Modules
- Media Manager
- The Media Manager is a tool for uploading or deleting files in the /images/ directory on your web server. You can upload new files, delete existing ones and create sub-directories on the server hosting your web pages.
Many images are added to Articles without using Media Manager, see Hands-on adding a picture
- Open Media Manager
- Click on the icon
screen of media manager
Thumbnail viw / Detail view
The workspace on the screen shows a list of items and by default it shows the contents of the /images directory withoin your installation of Joomla!
screen of files and folders - shown to the right of the workspace screen.
- Click on the name of a folder to show the contents
- Click on a thumbnail to display the image
Uploading files with Media Manager
not sure whether to have this here - maybe just indicate it can be done
Global Configuration
- Global Configuration (you need Super-Administrator permissions)
- The Global Configuration Manager allows you to configure the Joomla! site with various settings.
- Open Global Configuration
the screen
Do one thing maybe
The frequency of backups depends on how often the site changes and how inconvenient it will be to lose any content. The detail depends on how your site is hosted. Ideally you have an automated system that does not depend on one individual pressing the right button. If your site is hosted on a shared server, the chances are that the servers are backed-up reliably but - it is worth checking.
LocalHost sample data
- Simply copy the files under the folder for the site. For the sample data set up on localhost - the folder will be C:\xampp\htdocs\joomla15
A hosting service
Hosting services normally have a management interface which includes a back-up facility. The backups are normally done by copying all the files relevant to Joomla! and other files in a Home directory. For example, this shows choices for c-Panel, a widely used interface.
The Backup Wizard allows partial backups as well as a full backup, and also copies files off the server.
In order to backup the site, you must also back up the database. For example, the database management choices for cPanel allow you to use phpMyAdmin interface for this.
Other possibilities for backups
There are some extensions written for Joomla! which manage backups from the Administrator pages. This is one example:-
Akeeba Backup is an open-source backup component for the Joomla! CMS. Its mission is simple: to create a site backup that can be restored on any Joomla!-capable server. Its possibilities: endless. It creates a full backup of your site in a single archive. The archive contains all the files, a database snapshot and an installer similar in function to the standard Joomla! installer.
Combined with Kickstart, sites can be transferred easily.
Security issues
There are a number of levels of security and a need for a bit of common sense in having policies appropriate to the purpose of the web site.
There are wise words here that do not need to be repeated:-
Further information
- Help on-line:
- Help on all the Management pages has a link to the Joomla! documentation web site. In each Manager section Help gives comprehensive information about what all the features do.
On-line administrator's manual
Managing content
How to back up using cPanel
Other backup tools
- Example - Akeeba
--Lorna Scammell January 2011