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The Sun's solar radiation is the primary source of energy for virtually all the processes taking place in the Earth's atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. (Image Source: NASA - Solar and Heliospheric Observatory).
The Sun is the ultimate source of energy for life on Earth, and it sustains nearly all aspects of human existence. The Sun is an ongoing hydrogen fusion reaction, producing immense quantities of energy in the form of light. At the Earth's surface the Sun's energy evaporates water and thus drives the hydrologic cycle. It powers photosynthesis and it produces the raw material for the creation of fossil fuels. Via its interaction with the Earth, the Sun also drives the seasons, weather and climate, and currents in the oceans. Variations in the Sun's radiation output as well as longer term periodicity of Earth-Sun geometrics are known to strongly affect the Earth's climate over time. The Sun also directly and indirectly supports key environmental services such as the provision of clean water, a stable climate, the creation of fertile soil, nutrient cycles, and biological diversity. Given these vital roles, it is no surprise that the Sun is a dominant historical theme in art, literature, religion, and in the evolution of culture itself.
Not only does the Sun power the natural world, but it is a potential sustainable source of electricity and heat for part of human society's energy needs. Currently, solar power contributes less than one percent of humankind's electrical energy at present. This amount may increase to as much as 5% of society's energy needs by the year 2030. The efficiency of solar panels is also expected to increase significantly in the next decade. The downside of this rapid progress towards more sustainable energy production is the fact that most solar systems presently being manufactured will be economically obsolete in five to seven years.
Energy Generation
The temperature (15,000,000°C; 27,000,000°F) and pressure (340 billion times Earth's air pressure at sea level) in the Sun's core is sufficient to cause four protons of hydrogen nuclei to fuse together to form one alpha particle or helium nucleus. The basic fusion reaction is:
41H → 4He + 2e+ 2νe + energy
The alpha particle is about 0.7 percent less massive than the four protons. The difference in mass is expelled as energy and is carried to the surface of the Sun, through a process known as convection, where it is released as light and heat. Energy generated in the Sun's core takes a million years to reach its surface. Every second about 700 million tons of hydrogen are converted into helium. In the process five million tons of pure energy is released to space; therefore, as time goes on the Sun is gradiually becoming lighter.
Energy Output
Luminosity is the amount of energy radiated into space per second by a star. The Sun's luminosity is about is 4 x 1026 watts. To put this into perceptive, the world's largest power generation facility is the Three Gorges Dam in China, which when fully completed will only have a capacity of about 22,500 megawatts (MW). Thus, the Sun's luminosity is about 1.8 x 1016 greater than the Three Gorges Dam.
All of the planets orbit the Sun because of its enormous gravity. The Sun contains more than 99 percent of the entire mass in the solar system (most of the rest is in Jupiter). Its mass is about 1.9 x 1030 kilograms, which is about 333,000 times the Earth's mass and over 1000 times as massive as Jupiter. It has so much mass that it is able to produce its own light. This feature is what distinguishes stars from planets. Its diameter is about 1,392,000 kilometers. This is equal to 109 Earth diameters and almost 10 times the size of the largest planet, Jupiter.
Distance from Earth
The Sun is at an average distance of 93,026,724 miles (149,680,000 km or 1 Astronomical Unit) from the Earth, a distance which sunlight travels in eight minutes, whereas the distance to the moon is just 1.3 light-seconds.
The Sun rotates once on its axis in about 27 days. This rotation axis is tilted by about 7.25 degrees from the Earth's orbital plane (or ecliptic plane). The Sun rotates in the counterclockwise direction (when viewed from the north), the same direction that our solar system's planets rotate (and orbit). The Sun does not rotate rigidly like a solid planets because it is made of gas. The Sun's equatorial regions rotate faster (one rotation in 25.6 days) than its polar regions (36 days).
Composition of the Sun
The Sun is mostly made up of hydrogen (about 92.1% of the number of atoms, 75% of the mass) and (7.8% of the number of atoms and 25% of the mass). The other 0.1% is made up of heavier elements, mainly carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, neon, magnesium, silicon and iron.
Solar Structure
The Interior of the Sun
The solar interior is separated into four regions by the different processes that occur there. Energy is generated in the core, the innermost 25% of the interior. Energy diffuses outward by radiation (mostly in the form of gamma-rays and x-rays) through the radiative zone, and by convective fluid flows (boiling motion) through the convection zone, the outermost 30%. The thin interface layer (the "tachocline") between the radiative zone and the convection zone is where the Sun's magnetic field is generated.
Interior regions of the Sun. (Image Source: Jouni Jussila using SOHO/LASCO data).
The Core
The innermost layer of the Sun is the core. The temperature at the very center of the core is about 15,000,000°C (27,000,000°F) and the density is about 150 g/cm3 (about ten times the density of gold or lead). Both the temperature and the density decrease as one moves outward from the center of the Sun. The nuclear fusion process ceases for the most part beyond the outer edge of the core (about 25% of the distance to the surface or 175,000 km from the center). At that point the temperature is only half its central value and the density drops to about 20 g/cm3.
The Radiative Zone
The next layer out from the core is the zone that emits radiation that diffuses outwards. Photons travel in this zone at the speed of light, they bounce so many times through this dense material that an individual photon takes about a million years to finally reach the interface layer. The density drops from 20 g/cm3 (about the density of gold) down to only 0.2 g/cm3 (less than the density of water) from the bottom to the top of the radiative zone. The temperature falls from 7,000,000°C to about 2,000,000°C over the same distance.
The Interface Layer (Tachocline)
This thin layer between the radiative and convective zones generates the Sun's magnetic field. Here the relatively calm motion in the radiative zone transitions to the fluid motions of the convective zone.
The Convective Zone
The convection zone is the outer-most layer of the solar interior. Here the photons continue to make their way outwards via convection (towards lower temperature and pressure). The convective zone extends from a depth of about 200,000 km up to the visible surface. At the base of the convection zone the temperature is about 2,000,000°C. This is "cool" enough for the heavier ions (such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, calcium, and iron) to retain electrons. This traps heat that ultimately makes the fluid unstable and it starts to convect.
Hotter gas coming from the radiative zone expands and rises through the convective zone. It does so because the convective zone is cooler than the radiative zone, and is therefore less dense. As the gas rises, it cools and begins to sink again. As it falls down to the top of the radiative zone, it heats up and starts to rise. This process repeats, creating convection currents and the visual effect of "boiling" on the Sun's surface. At the visible surface the temperature has dropped to 5,700°K and the density is only 0.0000002 gm/cm3 (about 1/10,000th the density of air at sea level).
The Photosphere
Most of the visible (white) light comes from the photosphere, the part of the Sun we actually see. The photosphere is one of the coolest regions of the Sun (6000 K), so only a small fraction (0.1%) of the gas is ionized (in the plasma state). The photosphere is about 100 km thick, and thus is a very, very, thin slice of the Sun that has a radius of about 700,000 km. The photosphere looks like a disk with some dark spots. These "sunspots" are the site of strong magnetic fields.
The Chromosphere
The chromosphere is an irregular layer above the photosphere that is about 2500 kilometers thick and exhibits a temperature increase from 6000°C to about 20,000°C.
Just prior to and just after the peak of a total solar eclipse, the chromosphere appears as a thin reddish ring. The conspicuous color of the chromosphere (compared to the mostly white corona) led to its name (meaning "color sphere"). The higher temperatures of the chromosphere causes hydrogen to emit light that gives off a reddish color (H-alpha emission).
The Corona
The corona is the outermost layer of the Sun that is visible during eclipses. It has a low density cloud of plasma with higher transparency than the inner layers. The white corona is a million times less bright than the inner layers of the Sun, but is many times larger. Its average temperature is one million degrees K (two million degrees F) but in some places it can reach three million degrees K (5 million degrees F). The source of the corona's heat remains a puzzle. It is almost certain that its energy comes from the Sun's internal furnace, which also supplies the rest of the Sun's heat. However, as a rule, temperatures are expected to drop the further one gets from the furnace, whereas the million-degree corona lies outside the surface layer where sunlight originates, whose temperature is less that 6000°C.
Life Cycle of the Sun
Birth and Adolescence
About 4.6 billion years ago, an interstellar cloud began to collapse, forming many dense cores of dust and gas hidden under a thick haze. The cores, perhaps a light year across, continued their slow gravitational implosion. As they spun faster and faster, their shapes changed from roundish globules to flattened pancakes and disks, with most of their mass falling into a central dense ball of contracting gas. Within a million years, the central core temperatures climbed above 10 million degrees and hydrogen atoms began to fuse into deuterium and helium at an accelerated pace. The enormous outward pressure provided by thermonuclear fusion quickly halted the further contraction of the young Sun, and our Sun became a full-fledged star for the first time.
Hypothesized 14 billion year life cycle of the Sun. (Image Source: Wikipedia).
Within 50,000 to 100,000 years the first planets to form were the gas giants, followed millions of years later by the smaller rocky planets in the inner solar system. Once formed, the giant planets felt the friction of the surrounding gaseous disk and they slowly began to fall closer and closer to the Sun. This inward migration stopped once their speed came into equilibrium with the Sun's gravitational attraction.
Protoplanetary disk of gas and dust that led to the formation of the Sun and our solar system's planets. (Image Source: NASA).
Middle Age
As the nuclear reactions became more efficient, the infant Sun began to expand very slowly. At first the Sun only shone with 70% of its modern brightness. But as it continued to evolve over eons of time, its brightness grew by 7% every billion years. When trilobites first crawled on shallow ocean bottoms 500 million years ago, the Sun was much fainter in the sky than it is today. Earth would have been in a deep-freeze had it not been for the warming actions of an atmosphere laced with greenhouse gases like water and carbon dioxide.
In the eons to come, the Sun will continue to expand and shine more brightly for the next 5 billion years. Then a major physical change will start to happen with unprecedented speed. The inner core has become heavily laden with the helium atoms of over 9 billion years of fusion. Collapsing steadily under its own weight, it has increased the temperature of the Sun's core, making the Sun expand to find a new equilibrium. When the core temperature reaches around 100 million K, helium will begin to fuse to form carbon. This unleashes a massive increase in energy and pressure, and the Sun's outer layers will be propelled outwards; first beyond the orbit of Mercury, then Venus, and then Earth. The Sun has ended its middle age as a red giant star.
Old Age
Over the course of the last 3 billion years of its life, the Sun will become a white dwarf and then finally a black dwarf star. During the white dwarf stage, the solar core begins to shrink because it is unable to produce radiation and heat by fusion. At this stage, gravity will begin to pull the entire mass of the Sun inward to form a body the size of the Earth. This white dwarf then rapidly begins to cool. This body will radiate yellow light and then red light, as it uses up its remaining thermal energy. The carbon-oxygen-rich contents of the Sun will then be packed in a space as small as physically possible until no further collapse can occur. At this point in its life, the Sun will continue to cool until it is as cold as interstellar space. At this black dwarf stage, the Sun will no longer emit any form of light.
The Solar Wind
The solar wind contains roughly equal number of electrons and protons, along with a few heavier ions, and blows continuously from the surface of the Sun at an average velocity of about 400 km/second, or about one million miles per hour. This wind leads to a mass loss of more than one million tons of material per second, which may seem like a large number, but is insignificant relative to the total mass of the Sun. The source of the solar wind is the Sun's corona. The temperature of the corona is so high that the Sun's gravity cannot contain it. Scientists do not fully understand how and where the coronal gases are accelerated to these high velocities.
Solar wind is a mass of charged electrons and protons that is ejected from the Sun's upper atmosphere into space. (Image Source: NASA).
Sunspots and Their Cycle
In 1610, shortly after viewing the Sun with his new telescope, Galileo Galilei made the first European observations of sunspots. Sunspots are cooler regions on the photosphere that are formed where denser bundles of magnetic field lines from the solar interior break through the surface. Since they are 1000-1500 K cooler than the rest of the photosphere, they do not emit as much light, and appear darker. They can last a few days to a few months. Their sizes vary over a wide range, with a few having been measured to be 50,000 km in diameter.
The "sunspot number" is calculated by first counting the number of sunspot groups and then the number of individual sunspots. A German amateur astronomer, Heinrich Schwabe, published a paper in 1843 that stated that the number of sunspots visible on average varied with a period of about ten years. This conclusion has been substantiated by observations over the 140 years since. The period of repetition on average is 11.1 years, but has been as short as eight years and as long as 16 years.
Cyclical nature of sunspots has been under intense study for the last several decades, since this phenomenon has a pronounced effect upon the Earth's climate trends. There are clear correlations between periods of intense sunspot activity and elevated surface temperatures on the Earth. The contribution to global warming trends is not fully understood at present.
Public Domain Image
- Kenneth J.H. Phillips. 1995. Guide to the Sun. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge United Kingdom.
- P. Riley, J.A. Linker and Z. Miki?, Z. 2002. Modeling the heliospheric current sheet: Solar cycle variations. Journal of Geophysical Research 107 (A7): SSH 8–1.
- K.-P. Schröder and R.C. Smith. 2008. Distant future of the Sun and Earth revisited. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 386 (1): 155.
- M. Woolfson. 2000. The origin and evolution of the solar system. Astronomy & Geophysics 41: 1.12.
- Jack B. Zirker. 2002. Journey from the Center of the Sun. Princeton University Press, Princeton, USA.
Editor's note: A similar version of this article has been published in The Energy Library under authorship by Cutler Cleveland.


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|Daphne Selfe in a suit from Old Ladies Rebellion
Monday, February 25, 2013
Portraying Life at The Royal Academy of Arts
12 comments:
- Angele Style said...
YES!! More visible and valued in a postive light instead of the stupid stereotypes of the mean old lady or the crazy lady who has lost her marbles.
- February 25, 2013 at 12:47 PM
- Kay dancingbrushpainting.blogspot.com said...
Bless your boots Ari Seth Cohen!! It's about time we started realizing that people don't just disappear when they get older. There's a wealth of life experience in our elders just waiting for recognition!
Thank you for being on the forefront of an important societal shift.
- February 25, 2013 at 2:10 PM
- Kay dancingbrushpainting.blogspot.com said...
Oh, and this lady is STELLAR!
- February 25, 2013 at 2:10 PM
Beautiful girl!!!
- February 25, 2013 at 5:30 PM
- Faygie Fellig said...
Ari, you are doing a great job of bringing awareness to aging woman. thank you for that.
- February 25, 2013 at 6:26 PM
- The Style Crone said...
Daphne Selfe is amazing and gorgeous. I love your idea of engaging the whole of the Advanced Style experience.
- February 25, 2013 at 7:49 PM
- The Style Crone said...
Daphne Selfe is amazing and gorgeous. I love your idea of engaging the whole of the Advanced Style experience.
- February 25, 2013 at 7:49 PM
- Palomasea said...
She is beautiful....
And I will say it again and again...bless you, Ari Cohen!
P.S. Any updates on the film?
- February 25, 2013 at 9:50 PM
Hi Ari, I was there at Royal Academy! It was nice to see you, Daphne, Fanny(she was funny!) & Nigel. It was thought provoking. I am in my 40's and I am a volunteer at a local day centre for elderly. I am inspired by your blog and would like to spread your movement in my local community somehow. Thank you for inspiration and good luck with your continuing work!
- February 26, 2013 at 4:11 AM
- BluMoon said...
You are doing wonderful work Ari, bringing older people into a more positive light. This lady is an inspiration wish I could have been there too.
- February 27, 2013 at 5:24 AM
- Ruth said...
I have been following this site for some time. Thank you for showing that there is no need to be "over the hill". I admire all your ladies and gentlemen. Thank you too for taking up the cause of all seniors who are overlooked and undervalued in society. I couldn't agree more. All those years of life are years packed full of experience that should continue to be valued.
P.S. I'm 56 so a youngster yet :-) But I take inspiration from your pages for my future years
- February 27, 2013 at 7:29 AM
Oh, Ari, you're makin' my heart sing to read your intention to "make older people as a whole more visible and valued in our society" - you're my hero in this! Other societies naturally value age for accumulated knowledge and wisdom and we've lost out on this for too long. Blessings and celebrations to you for your unique and fabulous work, and to all of the Advanced Stylistas who allow it. Yay & whoo whoo!
- June 25, 2013 at 11:53 PM

subset: commoncrawl


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Carrie at Dittle Dattle was inspired to create her own ginormous wall clock after spying one on a date night with hubby. The laminate top from a table that had been in the attic for years was the perfect "canvas" for the clock face. Carrie is so awesome that she cut all the numbers with […Read More]
Distressed Wall Clock
March 1, 2012 By


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May 5, 2016
Here is the Oklahoma playoff pairings for round 1 action. All games are Friday at 7:30 unless otherwise noted.
Class 5A
Ardmore @ Deer Creek
Class 4A
Woodward @ Ada
Broken Bow @ Cleveland
Class 3A
Pauls Valley @ Heritage Hall
Star-Spencer @ Madill
Newcastle @ Plainview
Lone Grove @ Kingfisher
Class 2A
Kingston @ Washington
Comanche @ Davis
Marietta @ Frederick
Class A
Minco @ Ringling
Gore @ Wynnewood
Watonga @ Velma-Alma
Healdton @ Cashion
Class B
Merritt @ Fox
Class C
Bluejacket @ Thackerville
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Create a spacious and stylish study with this collection detailed with classic beadboard paneling. To expand the functionality of the versatile desk, add one of the roomy hutches (sold separately).
Make sure it fits! Use our interactive room planner to design your floor plan.
Create the setup you need to succeed with our Design Your Own Study Space Tool.


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The Mid-Coast Forum on Foreign Relations recently hosted a talk by Gregory Johnsen. His talk was entitled "The Last Refuge: Yemen, al-Qaeda, and America's War in Arabia".
Gregory Johnsen, a former Fulbright Fellow in Yemen, is currently a Ph.D. candidate in Near Eastern Studies at Princeton University. Johnsen has written for a variety of publications on Yemen including, among others, Foreign Policy, The American Interest, The Independent, The Boston Globe, and The National. He is the co-founder of Waq al-Waq: Islam and Insurgency in Yemen Blog. In 2009, he was a member of the USAID's conflict assessment team for Yemen.
This talk was recorded April 15, 2013 at Point Lookout in Northport.
Mid-Coast Forum


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Credit: © Jason Merritt/Getty Images
Mena Suvari (Jan 4th, 2011)
Mena Suvari pumps up the volume with wavy layers and a platinum blonde coiff.
Styling Tip
Step 1: Combine a quarter-size amount of styling lotion with a few drops of shine serum and apply onto damp hair. Add a handful of volumizing mousse and comb through to distribute the product evenly.
Step 2: Blow dry two-inch sections of hair with a round brush while turning the brush several times to create a gentle bend through the length. Quickly roll two-inch sections of hair onto large Velcro rollers before hair cools from the blow dryer.
Step 3: Allow hair to set for 10 minutes and then unwind the rollers and brush through hair for soft volume.


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Los Altos investment paying off
- Details
- Published on Wednesday, 27 October 2010 04:15
- Written by Bruce Barton
The city of Los Altos received its first quarterly investment report Tuesday after it began a more aggressive investment strategy last year, and it was a positive one.
Under new guidance from San Francisco-based Public Financial Management, the city is earning .71 percent as opposed to .48 percent within the Local Agency Investment Fund, a statewide investment pool among cities. The city's portfolio, which had before always invested in LAIF, comprises $48,082,083.
According to Carlos Oblites, senior managing consultant at PFM, the new portfolio still contains 75 percent LAIF money, but if economic indicators roll out positively in coming months and interest rates rise, the city could move more of its nearly $30 million in liquid assets into the new strategy.
Read the coming Nov. 3 issue of the Town Crier for more on the topic.


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Kell on Earth: Kelly Cutrone Joins Dr. Phil
November 07, 2010 02:00 PM by Shayla Perry
Though we're still mourning the cancellation of Bravo's Kell on Earth, it looks like Kelly Cutrone of People's Revolution has made her official return to TV, and it's surprisingly with none other than Dr. Phil! How did Kelly do her first week on the job? What's her role on the daytime talk show? We've got all the details!
After news that her show on Bravo, Kell on Earth, was being canceled, Kelly Cutrone took to Twitter, telling fans that she would soon be returning to television in a scripted show. What?!
We were even more surprised after Cutrone announced that she would be joining Dr. Phil on his day time talk show. Double what?!
This week, Cutrone made her debut as a correspondent for Dr. Phil, dishing out some tough love, as only Kelly can, on some pretty spoiled twenty-something girls.
How did she do?
Erica, a 27-year-old law school student who is fully supported by her parents, has a housekeeper, does her grocery shopping at her parents' house because there are no "healthy, organic restaurants" in Houston, and has hopes of being a reality TV star, was sent to work with Cutrone at People's Revolution for a day.
After Erica showed up to work in a tiara (you can only imagine how that went over with Kelly), Cutrone let her and her mother know that the girl is a product of her environment and a "victim of her privilege." Pretty fancy talk there Kelly!
But the absolute highlight of the show was Cutrone going off on 27-year-old Josie and her mother! Cutrone lashed out at the self-proclaimed Jewish American Princess who poked at the fact that Kelly wasn't married. Kelly let Josie know that she doesn't need a man, that she runs her own successful company, and that at 27, Josie's going to have a hard time serving as "arm-candy" for someone in Hollywood, suggesting that she hit the gym!
And thus, a new day-time hero was born.
For more Reality TV news visit Sir Links A Lot: Reality Television. Also, come join us on the new Reality TV Magazine message boards and talk about your favorite show!
Photo Source: Bravo
Topics: Bravo Reality TV Shows |
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A full slate of high school basketball was on the schedule Thursday night. Here is a look at our coverage as we look in on games across the town and go on the road with the No. 1 team in 4A Boys basketball Lewis Palmer.
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- Dec 8:
- Christmas events to honor Jessica Ridgeway's spirit
- Dec 2:
- Westminster lights menorah to remember Jessica, honor mother's spirit
- Dec 1:
- Evidence details twisted path that led Austin Sigg to Jessica Ridgeway
- Nov 26:
- Jessica Ridgeway's mom works to ensure safety of children
- Nov 19:
- Austin Sigg's violent porn addiction started by age 12, became deadly
- Austin Sigg sentenced to life in kidnap/murder of Jessica Ridgeway
- Nov 18:
- Austin Sigg cries as Jessica Ridgeway's family remembers 10-year-old girl he killed
- Austin Sigg faces sentencing hearing Monday in Jessica Ridgeway murder
- Oct 5:
- Westminster park, dedicated to slain Jessica Ridgeway, opens
- Oct 2:
- Austin Sigg's behavior left little for his lawyers to defend
- Oct 1:
- Austin Sigg pleads guilty in kidnapping, murder of Jessica Ridgeway
- Sep 30:
- Attorneys to meet for possible plea agreement in Austin Sigg case
- Sep 23:
- Judge denies change of venue in Austin Sigg case
WESTMINSTER — The slides, swings and monkey bars where Jessica Ridgeway once played are on their way to a new home abroad.
City crews on Tuesday dismantled the playground equipment at the former Chelsea Park, 10765 Moore St., and loaded it into a U-Haul truck.
The city of Westminster donated the equipment to Kids Around the World, a nonprofit based in Rockford, Ill., that refurbishes old playground equipment and re-installs it in locations worldwide.
The Westminster park, now known as Jessica Ridgeway Memorial Park, is being renovated to honor the 10-year-old who was kidnapped and killed last fall.
"This is going to connect Westminster to another place in the world," city parks director Don Tripp said. "We're anxious to see some pictures of kids getting some use out of it."
Construction is slated to begin this summer on the new amenities at Jessica Ridgeway Memorial Park. The community has made $500,000 in cash and in-kind donations to the project. The city is still seeking about $50,000, Tripp said.
Without Kids Around the World, though, the old plastic slides and platforms would have ended up in the landfill, the metal posts and railings sold for scrap.
The equipment is first going to Rockford, where volunteers will repaint the structure and replace missing or broken parts.
Another volunteer crew will then travel to install the playground, likely next winter.
The exact destination of the playground has yet to be determined, but Kids Around the World playground director Tim Clauson said much of their work lately has been in Haiti and Africa. Since 1994, the organization has installed 280 playgrounds in 45 countries.
"Playgrounds overseas, if there are any, they are unsafe," Clauson said. "There is nothing for kids to play on."


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According to 2010 statistics, from Ministry of Water and Irrigation, only 58.7 percent of rural communities and 84 percent of urban dwellers use clean and safe water.
As the population increases coupled with increased industrial and irrigation activities, water demands also increases swiftly, something which calls for immediate action…
To address the situation, Drilling and Dam Construction Agency, has embarked on construction of water wells to supplement government efforts of making sure that every Tanzanian country accesses clean an safe water.
As the nation heads towards Water week which commences on March 16 to March 22, many Tanzanians are faced with acute shortage of water, as many depend on water sourced from short and temporary wells which is usually not clean and safe.
In many places, be it urban or rural areas, water is a critical problem because many women waste their valuable time, spending the whole day queuing at the water wells, some abandoning their income generating activities at the expense of water shortage.
The acute shortage of water could be solved if different communities in collaboration with the government put in place comprehensive strategies to construct deep and short wells and supply to residents.
DDCA's Chief Executive Officer, Jonathan Mgaiwa chronicles achievements and efforts undertaken to supplement government's plans to solve the problem of acute shortage of water.
According to Mgaiwa, since its establishment in 1997, a total of 6,614 have been constructed out of which 5,639 wells managed to supply water, while 975 did not.
Mgaiwa would like to see to it that DDCA takes the leading role the construction of water wells and dams that have value for money and deliver better services for the people.
He said DDCA's main customers for the service are small scale farmers, ordinary users for domestic purposes and livestock keepers.
He also mentioned other customers of the agency as government and its institutions, manufacturing industries, large scale farmers, private sector, and different religious communities.
He said the DDCA has a big role in alleviating poverty and that same efforts will continue to rescue people from life hardship.
Mgaiwa said the objective of DDCA is to improve accountability and efficiency in delivering the services, reduce the cost, and contribute to the economic growth of the country especially on better water supply services.
Mgaiwa said the main role of DDCA is to improve water supply services and make sure that its cost is affordable so that many can access it easily.
He said another role is to dig long and short water wells, construct dams to increase water availability for the communities all over the country.
"Therefore, DDCA delivers the services for both urban and rural communities without discriminating poor people who usually have scarce resources. DDCA has been caring and will continue to care all people in the urban and in the rural areas where there are no financial support to improve the water supply services in their respective communities.
"DDCA has proved that it has the capacity to build new sources of water and rehabilitate the old ones at a low cost which is affordable by majority" he says.
He said that an average of 450 water wells are constructed every year by DDCA while 50 to 100 wells were constructed by the government yearly before the introduction of DDCA.
"This achievement proves that currently DDCA has the capacity to deliver the service to many customers and is an institution which is reliable on water supply services" Mgaiwa said.
The Agency was established in 1997. It is the government Agency operating under Ministry of Water and Irrigation.
The objectives are to oversee and enhance availability of water sources to improve
accessibility of clean and safe water for different purposes including domestic, agriculture, livestock, fish projects, industries to alleviate poverty.
Apart from being commercial oriented, this Agency has the obligation to delivery the services to the general public at a low cost.
"We are involved in research, examining soil samples to establish whether a particular area is useful for water wells and dams. We are also conducting soil samples to determine arrangements of rock strata beneath the earth's crust and establish if that place is useful for construction of deep water wells.
Mgaiwa said that they have been installing pumping water machines to the water wells and dams to determine quality of the water in the wells.
About preliminary research, the Chief Executive Officer said that they have been examining the geology of the area and its history to determine whether there are signs of availability of water.
Commenting on detailed research, he said DDCA has been examining the possibility of availability of water by looking at the rock strata and soil samples.
He said that data analysis and preparation of the report are underway on the depth of the water well and the machines to be used for digging such wells.
Question: What are the advantages of conducting the research before digging the water wells and dams?
According to the official the cost of digging water wells depends on many factors such as diameter of the well and the pipeline to be used in the construction process, type of the rock and the distance from the location of the DDCA machines.
Also in the list are the costs of equipments, fuel cost, and the situation of proposed area for the well construction such as presence of road, requires construction of the new path for laying down the pipes and other machines.
He said that the construction process of the well also depends on number of the equipments that would be ferried to the area, and time to be taken before the well is dug.
He said other costs include hiring of the equipments, vehicles and other machines.
On dams constructions, Mgaiwa said that the costs depends on the feasibility study which involves examining of soil samples, the environment and preparation of the report among others.
The Ministry of water and Irrigation recently announced commemoration of National water week and admitted that the sector faced several challenges including acute shortage of water to many rural and urban communities.
The Ministry's Deputy Minister Gerson Lwenge said until end of next year, the problem of water in many places in Dar es Salaam will be a history after completion of a big project of installing large pipes at lower Ruvu, running from Bagamoyo to Dar es Salaam .
However, he said water is very important because it is also used for agriculture development through irrigation, something which ensures the nation of food security.
"Food security depends on availability of water supply in different areas including rain water, water wells, and that from catchment areas" he says.
By depending on rain water, many farmers get big loss because even if they cultivate, their crops dry because of shortage of water.
The government through DDCA, can construct many water wells and dams to keep rain water and other underground sourced water to be used during dry season.
The theme for this water week is "water for food security."
October 2010, President Jakaya Kikwete, said that the problem of shortage of water in the city of Dar es Salaam would be history following comprehensive plans to increase water sources and make water available and accessible to all city residents.
He promised this during at a political campaign rally held October 2010 at one of the meeting Kiwalani, Kitunda and Mwembe Yanga in the city.
He said upper Ruvu had the capacity of supplying 60,000 litres per day while lower Ruvu could supply 90,000 litres. He said this amount is not sufficient to meet the demands of all residents in the city.
He said unlike the past, the city's water demand is 360,000 litres per day, a problem partly contributed by the rapid growing population. He said with the support from the American people, the government would continue improving lower Ruvu to be able to supply more water.
The official said while the government continues with its efforts and plans to improve water accessibility and supply , the new research conducted by Norway discovered another source of water at Kimbiji.
"When the people of Norway told me that Kimbiji had water, I asked them that is it not fuel? They answered no, it was water !. When they showed me the map, I agreed, there are plenty and could be half of the size of the Lake Victoria " he said.
He said the new source would produce 260,000 litres which, if combined with other reliable sources of water, is quite enough to meet water demands in the city.
However, he said experts from Dawasa, and Dawasco, told him that the project could be completed in three years time.
"When they briefed me on the project, that it could take three years, I told them that they should make sure that it is completed a bit earlier.
I directed that one contractor should be assigned to deal with water wells only, another one for installation of tanks, and supplying of large pipes should be assigned to another contractor so that the project could be completed earlier" said Kikwete
He said the past pipelines network which is dilapidated would be removed and replaced with the new ones under support from the government of China.


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DENVER, July 31 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- EnerCom, Inc., announced today the lineup and schedule for The Oil & Gas Conference(R), http://www.theoilandgasconference.com. In its 12th year, the Conference, held in Denver Aug. 19 - 23, 2007, is the oldest and largest energy investment conference hosted in Denver, showcasing more than 80 companies with a combined enterprise value of more than $300 billion. This premier forum offers institutional investors, energy research analysts, retail brokers, investment bankers and energy industry professionals a unique opportunity to meet and discuss important topics concerning the global oil and gas industry over five days. Participating industry leaders and key senior management from micro-cap to billion-dollar-plus companies in the global energy exploration, production and service sectors will discuss their future plans, growth opportunities and industry trends. The schedule for the Conference can be found at http://theoilandgasconference.com/2007_presenter_schedule.html#.
EnerCom, Inc. founded The Oil & Gas Conference(R) in 1996. Co-hosts for this year's events include: the American Stock Exchange(R); Calyon Corporate Investment Bank; Netherland Sewell & Associates; Natexis Bleichroeder Inc.; Rivington Capital Advisors, LLC; Fortis Capital Corp.; Tristone Capital; Howard Weil Incorporated; First Albany Capital Inc. and Hein & Associates LLP.
Investment professionals interested in attending this event can register at http://www.theoilandgasconference.com/register.aspx. This year's line-up for The Twelfth Oil & Gas Conference(TM), listed alphabetically by day:
Sunday, August 19, 2007
Charity Golf Tournament at Arrowhead Golf Club, benefiting Cerebral Palsy of Colorado.
Monday, August 20, 2007 Presentations Apache Corporation (NYSE:APA) Bill Barrett Corporation (NYSE:BBG) BPI Energy (AMEX:BPG) Calyon Securities (USA), Inc. Canadian Natural Resources (CNQ:UTF) Cimarex Energy (NYSE:XEC) Core Laboratories (NYSE:CLB) Dawson Geophysical (NASDAQ:DWSN) Delta Petroleum (NASDAQ:DPTR) EnerCom, Inc. Energy XXI (OTCBB:EXXIF.OB) Flotek Industries (AMEX:FTK) Global Industries (NASDAQ:GLBL) Kodiak Oil & Gas (AMEX:KOG) Parker Drilling Co. (NYSE:PKD) Petroleum Development Corporation (NASDAQ:PETD) PetroQuest Energy (NYSE:PQ) Questar Corp. (NYSE:STR) Range Resources (NYSE:RRC) Southwestern Energy (NYSE:SWN) Westside Energy (AMEX:WHT) Tuesday, August 21, 2007 Presentations American Stock Exchange Carrizo Oil & Gas (NASDAQ:CRZO) Chesapeake Energy (NYSE:CHK) Foothills Resources Inc. (OTCBB:FTRS.OB) Geokinetics Inc. (AMEX:GOK) Goodrich Petroleum (NYSE:GDP) Helmerich & Payne (NYSE:HP) Hercules Offshore (NASDAQ:HERO) NATCO Group Inc. (NYSE:NTG) Natexis Bleichroeder Inc. Nexen Inc. (NYSE:NXY) Parallel Petroleum (NASDAQ:PLLL) Petsec Energy (ASX:PSA) Rosetta Resources (NASDAQ:ROSE) St. Mary Land & Exploration (NYSE:SM) Storm Cat Energy (AMEX:SCU) TransGlobe Energy Corporation (AMEX:TGA) TXCO Resources (NASDAQ:TXCO) Ultra Petroleum (AMEX:UPL) Venoco Inc. (NYSE:VQ) Whiting Petroleum (NYSE:WLL) Wednesday, August 22, 2007 Company-hosted breakfast tables BMB Munai (AMEX:KAZ) BPZ Energy (AMEX:BZP) Brigham Exploration Co. (NASDAQ:BEXP) Caspian Services Inc. (OTCBB:CSSV.OB) Continental Resources (NYSE:CLR) Constellation Energy Partners (NYSE:CEP) Dune Energy (AMEX:DNE) Energen Corp. (NYSE:EGN) Foothills Resources Inc. (OTCBB:FTRS.OB) Geokinetics Inc. (AMEX:GOK) Panhandle Oil & Gas Inc. (AMEX:PHX) Pinnacle Gas Resources, Inc. (NASDAQ:PINN) Progress Energy Ltd. (TSE:PGX.UN) Sunrise Energy Resources (OTCBB:SEYR.OB) TXCO Resources (NASDAQ:TXCO) Wednesday, August 22, 2007 Presentations ATP Oil & Gas (NASDAQ:ATPG) Brigham Exploration Co. (NASDAQ:BEXP) Cabot Oil & Gas (NYSE:COG) Callon Petroleum Co. (NYSE:CPE) Canadian Superior Energy (AMEX:SNG) Continental Resources (NYSE:CLR) Denbury Resources (NYSE:DNR) Energen Corp. (NYSE:EGN) Equitable Resources Inc. (NYSE:EQT) Gasco Energy (AMEX:GSX) Gastar Exploration (AMEX:GST) MarkWest Energy Partners (NYSE:MWE) Netherland Sewell & Associates, Inc. NGP Capital Resources (NASDAQ:NGPC) Petrohawk Energy Corp. (NYSE:HK) Progress Energy Trust (TSE:PGX.UN) Talisman Energy Inc. (NYSE:TLM) Teton Energy (AMEX:TEC) Unit Corporation (NYSE:UNT) XTO Energy (NYSE:XTO) Thursday, August 23, 2007 Presentations BMB Munai (AMEX:KAZ) BPZ Energy (AMEX:BZP) CARBO Ceramics Inc. (NYSE:CRR) Caspian Services Inc. (OTCBB:CSSV.OB) Cheniere Energy (AMEX:LNG) Constellation Energy Partners (NYSE:CEP) Dune Energy (AMEX:DNE) Eagle Rock Partners (NASDAQ:EROC) EnCana Corp. (NYSE:ECA) EV Energy Partners (NASDAQ:EVEP) Grey Wolf (AMEX:GW) Harvest Natural Resources (NYSE:HNR) InterOil Corp. (AMEX:IOC) Legacy Reserves LP (NASDAQ:LGCY) Mariner Energy (NYSE:ME) Panhandle Oil & Gas Inc. (AMEX:PHX) Patterson-UTI Energy (NASDAQ:PTEN) Pinnacle Gas Resources, Inc. (NASDAQ:PINN) Superior Energy Services (NYSE:SPN) Superior Well Services (NASDAQ:SWSI)
About EnerCom, Inc.
Founded in 1994, EnerCom, Inc. is a nationally recognized investor communications consultancy firm advising and serving energy-centric clients on corporate strategy, investor relations, media and corporate communications, and visual communications design. The Company's professionals have more than 150 years of industry and business experience and a proven track record of success. Headquartered in Denver, EnerCom uses the team approach for delivering its wide range of services to public and private companies large and small, operating in the global exploration and production, drilling, oilservice, and associated advanced-technology industries. EnerCom measures its success from the realization of the increase of a client's shareholder value resulting from the development, implementation and execution of an integrated corporate communications plan.
For more information about EnerCom and its services, please call: Gregory B. Barnett, President, 303-296-8834 or visit http://www.enercominc.com.
About the American Stock Exchange
The American Stock Exchange(R) (Amex(R)) has a long history in the U.S. equity market. Today, the Amex lists traditional and innovative products and offers trading across a diverse range of equities, options and exchange traded funds (ETFs), including structured products and HOLDRS(SM).
The Amex lists approximately 600 companies. When the Amex pioneered the first ETF in 1993, it launched a whole new investment category that has grown to over $380 billion in assets. With more than 200 listed ETFs, the Amex remains the center of ETF development and the global market leader in ETF listings. The Amex is also a leading listing venue for structured products and one of the largest options exchanges in the U.S., trading options in nearly 2000 classes.
Amex's new state-of-the-art trading system, AEMISM, supports Amex's hybrid market structure, a fusion of automated execution and specialist/auction market designed to meet the future needs of all Amex customers. While its market structure benefits companies of every size, the Amex specializes in providing an efficient market and customized services for small and mid-sized companies striving for enhanced visibility and institutional ownership.
To explore investing and listing at the American Stock Exchange, call John McGonegal, Senior Vice President, Equities, at 212-306-1652, or visit http://www.amex.com.
About Calyon Corporate & Investment Bank
Calyon is the corporate and investment banking subsidiary of the Credit Agricole Group, France's largest bank and one of the world's largest with its approximately $1 trillion in assets. Calyon is AA-/Aa2 rated, and came into existence in April 2004 with the consolidation of Credit Agricole Indosuez and the corporate and investment banking division of Credit Lyonnais. Calyon ranks among the top ten foreign banks in the U.S., and has offices in New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Dallas, and Houston. In addition, Calyon has another North American presence in Montreal, Canada, and a Latin American presence in Mexico, Brazil, Chile, and Argentina.
Calyon is headquartered in Paris, France and has offices in 55 countries. It has assets of approximately $380 billion and is a global leader in structured financing, interest rate and credit derivatives, U.S., European and Asian equities, futures and foreign exchange, as well as syndicated lending and fixed income.
In the Americas, Calyon provides the latest in financial products and services for its corporate and institutional clients, including OTC commodity derivatives, loan syndication, project financing, global equity research and trading, debt capital markets, and conduit securitization.
Specializing in this sector for over 100 years, Energy represents the single largest concentration of industry exposure at Calyon. Calyon focuses on all segments of the business and covers it on a truly global basis. The Bank's Energy practice for the U.S. is located in Houston, Texas.
Calyon Securities (USA) Inc., an indirect subsidiary of Calyon, is a global full service institutional and self-clearing broker-dealer. It is a member of NYSE, NASD, and ISE as well as all major global clearing organizations.
For more information about Calyon, please contact Dennis Petito, Managing Director, Head of Energy Power and Pipelines, Calyon Corporate and Investment Bank at 713-890-8601 or Mark Urness, Managing Director, Head of Energy Research, Calyon Securities, Inc. at 212-408-5683.
About Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc.
Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc. (NSAI) was founded in 1961 to provide the highest quality engineering and geological consulting to the petroleum industry. NSAI has conducted reserve certifications, technical studies, economic evaluations, and advisory work for fields throughout the world. An NSAI report honors the data and industry reserve definitions to give a full and fair inventory of reserves and cash flow. Each report is based on sound judgment, broad experience, technical expertise, and accepted practices. We have integrated teams of engineering, geologic, geophysical, petrophysical and operational experts in our Dallas and Houston, Texas offices. Our clients get the NSAI name and our team of experts. We believe they get the very best. To learn more about Netherland Sewell & Associates, please visit http://www.netherlandsewell.com.
For more information call: Frederic D. Sewell, Chairman, Netherland, Sewell, & Associates, Inc., 214-969-5401 or C. Scott Rees, President, Netherland, Sewell, & Associates, Inc., 214-969-5401.
About Natexis Bleichroeder Inc.
Natixis (formerly Natexis Banques Populaires) is based in Paris and is listed on the Euronext Paris Stock Exchange. Our banking group, including our parent companies is approximately $600bln of total assets, and we are AA rated. One of the largest financial institutions in France, the bank offers five main types of services: corporate and investment banking, asset management, services and receivables management, private equity and private asset management.
In the U.S., the bank has offices in New York, Houston and Los Angeles. The Houston office is fully dedicated to servicing Oilfield Services, E&P, Midstream, Coal and Energy Financial Sponsor clients and is fully integrated with our Paris Natural Resources group which covers the major international hydrocarbon producing regions.
Natexis Bleichroeder is a subsidiary of Natixis with offices in Houston, New York, Boston, Los Angeles, Paris and London. The firm is dedicated to providing a range of capital markets services to Energy companies based in the US and overseas. It also services the institutional market through its efforts to provide strong Energy research, distribution and trading.
For more information, contact: Gregg Schoenberg, 212-698-3412, or visit http://www.natexisblr.us.
About Rivington Capital Advisors, LLC
Rivington Capital Advisors, LLC ("RCA") is an independent advisory firm providing services to small and medium-sized energy companies ("issuers") and the financial institutions investing in these sectors ("investors"). Advisory services include arrangement and execution of all forms of private debt and equity placements, merger, acquisition, divestiture and financial due diligence assistance, derivative and hedging assistance, reorganization, recapitalization and corporate valuation work. RCA principals have extensive experience in sourcing, structuring, negotiating and closing transactions for issuers and investors.
For more information, contact: Scott A. Logan, Co-founder, Rivington Capital Advisors, LLC, 303-225-0880, or visit us at http://www.rivingtoncap.com.
About Fortis Capital Corp. and Fortis Securities LLC
Fortis Capital Corp. and Fortis Securities LLC are the U.S. subsidiaries of the Fortis Group's Merchant Banking activities. Within specialized industry sectors, Fortis' objective is to meet the strategic financial needs of its clients both in the U.S. and worldwide. Fortis provides a full range of financial products and services for its corporate and institutional clients including corporate lending, loan syndication, capital markets and advisory, financial and energy derivative products and securitization. In addition to a long-standing commitment to the oil & gas and offshore & oilfield services markets, Fortis maintains industry specialties in shipping, power & utilities, intermodal, commodities, aerospace, media & telecom, food & beverage, paper & packaging, and retail. Fortis Capital Corp. has offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, and Dallas.
The Fortis Group, which is headquartered in Brussels, Belgium, is a global financial organization that has leading practices in all facets of banking and insurance. As of December 31, 2005, the Fortis Group had total assets of 729 billion Euros and more than 54,000 employees. In Fortune Magazine's July 2005 rankings, the Fortis Group was ranked 2nd among the world's largest financial institutions based on total revenues. The Fortis Group's banking subsidiaries carry AA- / Aa3 ratings by S&P and Moody's, respectively.
For more information contact: Deirdre Sanborn, Senior Vice President, Global Oil & Gas, 214-953-9304 or Joe Maxwell, Senior Vice President, Offshore & Oilfield Services, 212-340-5377.
About Tristone Capital
Tristone Capital is a global energy advisory firm that provides comprehensive Investment Banking, Acquisitions & Divestitures, and Global Equity Capital Markets services. With top performing individuals and offices in five locations on three continents, Tristone is the solution for global financial energy needs.
Founded in 2000, Tristone's clients include exploration and production, oilfield service and midstream companies, as well as government entities, royalty trusts and institutional investors worldwide. Tristone's unique combination of technical and financial experts ensures unmatched evaluation, advisory and execution capabilities. The energy industry worldwide involves global commodities, global players, and global capital. As one of the largest independent, international energy advisory firms, Tristone provides fully integrated global solutions for our clients no matter where they are located.
For more information, please contact: George Gosbee, Chairman, President and CEO at 403-294-9541.
About Howard Weil Incorporated
Howard Weil has earned a reputation both on and off Wall Street as a premier energy investment boutique with equity research, institutional sales and trading efforts devoted exclusively to the energy industry. Howard Weil's commitment to energy is the largest among investment boutiques. Howard Weil has offices in New Orleans and Houston.
Equity Research: Our current universe covers equity research on over 100 companies, providing investment analysis and recommendations. The research group consists of 13 professionals who cover companies in the following energy sectors: Major Integrated Oils, Exploration and Production, Oilfield Service, Gas and Power, Independent Refiners and Coal Producers.
Institutional Sales: Howard Weil's sales force deals only with energy securities and covers institutional accounts in the United States and internationally. Howard Weil has long-standing relationships with institutional investors, arising from our sales force's many years of sales experience. No investment bank can control the opinions of any institutional investor. Although most investment banks call on the same core accounts, the credibility of each bank's recommendation varies widely. Institutions pay special attention to Howard Weil's recommendations because of the Firm's reputation as an energy expert.
Equity Trading: Howard Weil's trading expertise spans all sectors of the energy industry and includes both small, mid, and large market capitalization companies.
Investment Banking: With its exclusive focus on the energy industry, Howard Weil's professionals have developed a deep level of industry knowledge and contacts, which can significantly enhance the level of service to the firm's Energy investment banking clientele. Howard Weil offers a full range of investment banking services, including: Public Offerings and Private Placements, Financial Advisory Services and Fairness Opinions and Valuations.
For more information, please contact Jefferson G. Parker, President, (504) 582-2532, or visit http://www.howardweil.com.
About First Albany Capital Inc.
First Albany Capital Inc., an independent, institutional investment banking, sales and trading boutique, serves the growing corporate middle market, major government agencies and public institutions by providing clients with focused expertise and strategic, research-based, innovative investment opportunities. First Albany's focus is identifying investments with the ability for sustained growth and significant upside, and in providing value-added advice and superior execution to fulfill client needs.
For more information, please contact: James A. Hansen, Managing Director, Head of Energy Investment Banking, First Albany Capital, 713-237 4401 or http://www.fac.com.
About Hein & Associates LLP
Hein & Associates LLP is one the few full-service accounting and business advisory firms in the nation with a primary market niche in the oil and gas industry. For more than 30 years, we have provided a comprehensive array of professional services for public and private companies of all sizes, including: financial statement audit and review, tax planning and consulting, SEC reporting and SOX compliance, enterprise risk management services, IT management services, and litigation/valuation advisory services.
We serve as resources for the business community both nationally and internationally from our office locations in Denver, Houston, Dallas, and Southern California. Our professionals work regularly with private equity groups, investment banks, and other financial organizations when our clients participate in acquisitions or seek funding. We regularly conduct seminars and roundtables, as well as publish articles on a variety of topics affecting the industry. Hein & Associates LLP partners communicate regularly with public company policy-makers as members of the (1) AICPA's Professional Practice Executive Committee, and (2) Financial Accounting Standards Advisory Council. These groups provide access to the PCAOB, the SEC, FASB and other regulators for public companies. We remain on the cutting edge of important changes affecting public companies and can provide a forum for clients' questions and concerns.
For more information, please contact: Larry Unruh, Managing Partner, (303) 298-9600 or http://www.heincpa.com.
Source: EnerCom, Inc.


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In order to turn over aging inventory and make way for more current stock, some products on our site are listed in a "Dutch Auction". In a Dutch Auction, the selling price of a product is repeatedly lowered every day until product is sold out. As a result of the decreasing purchase price the product deal becomes more enticing to other buyers.
Act quickly to purchase at this "special price" before inventory is depleted and the product is sold out.
Your baby will look adorable in this Apple costume! This is a great pick for Halloween or make believe play! Available in sizes 0-6, 6-12, and 12-24.
This costume set comes complete with:
Got Dirty? Not to worry, this adorable outfit is machine washable!


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The Crescendo Model 175 airbrush is a bottom feed, dual-action, internal mix airbrush. It is solidly built and versatile, offering superb flexibility in the regulation of color and air without work stoppage.
The snap-off handle allows for quick needle changes and easy cleaning. Fine artists, illustrators, and fabric designers use the Crescendo 175 to spray artist acrylics, enamels, lacquers, fabric colors, and more.
Anthem Crescendo 175 Complete Airbrush Kit — This set includes:
Anthem Crescendo 175 Set — This set includes a keepsake wooden box with sliding see-thru cover to keep everything organized:
® Badger is a registered trademark.


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The minstrels of "Spinal Tap" come alive on DVD
In taking their yuks from the screen to the road earlier this year, the movie minstrels of This Is Spinal Tap and A Mighty Wind set themselves a serious task: Michael McKean, Christopher Guest and Harry Shearer removed the music from its on-screen habitat to see if it would travel.
It did, and very well, to judge by the trio's live show this past May at the Fillmore Miami Beach at Jackie Gleason Theater. So there's reason to celebrate this week's release of Unwigged & Unplugged, a DVD concert recording of the same tour, different date.
I haven't seen the DVD, but if it's representative of the performances as a whole, it will be a document worth having whether you're partially or totally hip to the work of these three amigos.
It helps to know the movies in question — fictional histories of a marginal rock band (1984's This Is Spinal Tap) and a hapless folk group (2003's A Mighty Wind).
Spinal Tap, in particular, has lodged in the cultural cortex: It's a permanent reference and a fount of rock-band jokes 25 years after the movie's release.
Mighty Wind doesn't enjoy as much recognition — maybe because folk just isn't as huge as rock. But again, based on what I saw in May, minimal familiarity with the source material was not a bar to liking this witty and impressively musical show.
Continue reading "The minstrels of "Spinal Tap" come alive on DVD" »


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Maine Gov. Paul LePage said his two-year budget proposal includes some education cuts, but that general purpose aid would remain higher than it was when he took office.
AUGUSTA, Maine (AP) _ Finance Commissioner Sawin Millet began briefing lawmakers Friday afternoon on the $6.3 billion budget for the two years beginning on July 1. The proposal would eliminate 200 jobs.
In a statement, LePage called it "an opportunity to redesign programs and right-size government."
The two-year budget addresses a projected shortfall approaching $130 million. Lawmakers will also need to find tens of millions of dollars more to cover cost overruns for social services.
(Copyright 2013 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)


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Robin Hood and The Secret in Their Eyes DVD Reviews
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Robin Hood
The Secret in Their Eyes
Richard Roeper
Hollywood Dailies
Robin Hood Videos
Robin Hood - Trailer (2:32)
Robin Hood starring Russell Crowe and Cate Blanchett
Robin Hood - Trailer (1:29)
Russell Crowe and Cate Blanchett star
Robin Hood - Trailer (1:21)
Trailer for this action period film based on the legendary character
Robin Hood - Trailer (2:30)
Spanish Trailer for this action film
Biggest Risks and Misses of 2010 - Richard Roeper (4:34)
Richard Roeper covers some of 2010's biggest risks and biggest misses
Maltin on Movies: Robin Hood Movies (4:14)
Leonard Maltin takes a look back at some of his favorite Robin Hood movies
ReelzChannel Spotlight - Russell Crowe (2:17)
A look at Russell Crowe's training for Robin Hood
ReelzChannel Spotlight - Russell Crowe (1:49)
How the large battles were staged in Robin Hood
Hollywood's Top Ten - Russell Crowe Movies (3:49)
We count down the top 10 Russell Crowe movies selected by movie fans
First Fans - Robin Hood reviews (2:23)
Was Robin Hood a hit or miss? Fans give their opinions as they leave the opening of Robin Hood
Robin Hood - Interview (2:39)
Russell Crowe, Ridley Scott, and Cate Blanchett talk about Robin Hood's on screen fight for fairness and freedom
Watch Spotlight: Robin Hood (00:21)
Friday, May 14th at 5:30PM ET/2:30 PT
Robin Hood - Interview (2:30)
Director Ridley Scott and Russell Crowe talk about their on set relationship
Robin Hood - Interview (3:09)
Russell Crowe talks about previous Robin Hood movies, Kevin Costner's accent, and why he was excited to work on the movie
Spotlight - Robin Hood (3:47)
The Merry Men of Robin Hood
Spotlight - Robin Hood (2:23)
Russell Crowe talks about Robin Hood and working on the movie
Spotlight - Robin Hood (2:40)
Russell Crowe, Ridley Scott, and Cate Blanchett talk about casting for Marion Loxley
Hollywood Dailies - Russell Crowe (2:20)
Russell Crowe is honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame
Watch Robin Hood Risk-Free (00:37)
Robin Hood - Clip (2:32)
Featurette: A look inside
Robin Hood - Clip (00:46)
Clip: King John schemes to place more taxes on his people
Robin Hood - Clip (00:48)
Clip: Marion informs Robin that he will share her chamber
Robin Hood - Clip (00:46)
Clip: Robin and his men hijack a caravan
Robin Hood - Clip (1:07)
Clip: Robin and the archers storm a french castle
Robin Hood - Clip (00:47)
Clip: Robin introduces his merry men to Marion
Robin Hood - Clip (00:55)
Clip: Robin, Marion, and the people of Nottingham fight Godfrey's intruders
Robin Hood - Clip (00:51)
Clip: Robin speaks to King John and the gathered armies
Robin Hood - Clip (00:45)
Clip: Robin's archers fire down upon the french army coming ashore
Robin Hood - Clip (00:44)
Clip: Sir Walter tells Robin about his father
Robin Hood - Clip (00:57)
Interview: Cate Blanchett "On doing her own stunts"
Robin Hood - Clip (1:09)
Interview: Mark Strong "On doing his own stunts"
Robin Hood - Clip (1:09)
Interview: Ridley Scott "On the legend of Robin Hood"
Robin Hood - Clip (00:52)
Interview: Russell Crowe "On the cast"
The Secret in Their Eyes Videos
Secret's Out - The Secret in Their Eyes (2:52)
Leonard Maltin takes a closer look at The Secret in Their Eyes
Richard Roeper Videos
Red Army | Richard Roeper Reviews (3:15)
Richard Roeper reviews sports documentary 'Red Army'
Black Sea | Richard Roeper Reviews (2:50)
Richard Roeper reviews 'Black Sea' starring Jude Law.
Jupiter Ascending | Richard Roeper Reviews (2:53)
Richard Roeper reviews Jupiter Ascending starring Mila Kunis and Channing Tatum.
The Boy Next Door | Richard Roeper Reviews (2:56)
Richard Roeper reviews this stalker movie starring Jennifer Lopez.
Cake | Richard Roeper Reviews (2:34)
Richard Roeper reviews Cake starring Jennifer Aniston.
A Most Violent Year | Richard Roeper Reviews (2:39)
Richard Roeper reviews "A Most Violent Year" starring Jessica Chastain and Oscar Isaac.
The Wedding Ringer | Richard Roeper Reviews (2:38)
Richard Roeper reviews the comedy The Wedding Ringer with Kevin Hart.
A Most Violent Year | Richard Roeper Reviews (2:39)
Richard Roeper reviews "A Most Violent Year" starring Jessica Chastain and Oscar Isaac.
Predestination | Richard Roeper Reviews (2:08)
Richard Roeper reviews Predestination starring Ethan Hawke.
Big Eyes | Richard Roeper Reviews (2:19)
Richard Roeper reviews Tim Burton's "Big Eyes" starring Amy Adams and Christoph Waltz.
Selma | Richard Roeper Review (2:13)
Richard Roeper reviews Selma starring Oprah Winfrey and David Oyelowo
American Sniper | Richard Roeper Review (2:37)
Richard Roeper reviews American Sniper starring Bradley Cooper
Unbroken | Richard Roeper Reviews (2:25)
Richard Roeper reviews Unbroken directed by Angelina Jolie.
Best Movies of 2014 | Richard Roeper Reviews (4:53)
Richard Roeper reveals the best movies of the year
The Gambler | Richard Roeper Reviews (2:27)
Richard Roeper reviews The Gambler starring Mark Wahlberg
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this wiki
"Enter Iris and Axew!" is the second episode in the season Pokémon: Black and White.
In this episode, after Pikachu's electric attacks are restored due to the same storm caused by Zekrom, Ash decided to go on a quest in the Unova region. He is still at his goal catching every Pokémon in the world. Professor Juniper gives Ash five empty Pokéballs and a new Pokédex, and also tells him where the nearest gym is.
The next morning Ash left on his new quest, and Oshawott followed Ash all the way to Route 1. When Ash was walking on Route 1 he heard something in the bushes. He checked to see if it was a Pokémon. The Pokédex said it was an Axew. Ash looked at the Pokédex picture then the thing hiding in the bush. He decides to catch it.Ash threw a Pokéball to the thing in the bush, and it just bounced right off it. A girl popped out of the bushes and yelled. Ash told her that he was trying to catch a Pokémon. The girl asked if Ash was saying she looks like a Pokémon and then yells at him again. Ash was confused. The girl smiled and said that he has a long way to go if he thinks she looks like a Pokémon. A Pokémon popped out of the girl's hair. Ash gasped. The girl noticed Pikachu and she grabbed it and hugged it.
She told him she wanted to know what a Pikachu was doing in Unova. Ash told her that they were from Pallet Town in the Kanto region and, after introducing himself, tells her he wants to enter the Unova League. After introducing herself, Iris is shocked by Pikachu's Thunderbolt.
Iris apologized to Pikachu. She told Ash about the great thunder that happened the other day. Ash told her it was Zekrom. Iris gets ecstatic and wants to know everything about it. Ash says that Zekrom caused Pikachu to overload with electricity.
Meanwhile with Team Rocket, they are talking to the boss. But after they are done talking, a school of Woobat attacks them.
While that was happening Ash followed that Pokémon still trying to catch it. Ash looked up the Pokémon on the Pokédex and it said it was a Deerling. Ash got a Pokéball and threw it at Deerling. The Pokémon used its ear to stop the Pokéball from coming at it. Iris reminds Ash that he has to weaken a Pokémon before catching it. Ash and Pikachu stupidly ran toward them. Once all the Deerling noticed Ash and Pikachu, they ran away. After that a herd of Pokémon ran over Ash and Pikachu. Iris tells him that they were just Patrat.
Later Ash and Iris were picking apples for dinner. Ash pick an apple and wondered where Iris was. Suddenly, a huge pile of apples fell on top of him. Iris returned and couldn't find Ash. Ash came out from under the pile and Iris apologized for crushing him. That night, Ash explains what happened to Pikachu. When Ash checked on Iris she was sleeping in a tree. Ash looked up in the sky. A shooting star flashed in Ash's and Pikachu's eyes. While they where talking, Oshawatt was still following them.
The next day, Ash continued on his quest to become a Pokémon Master. However, Iris was nowhere to be seen. Ash started talking to Pikachu but stopped when he heard something walking. It was a pigeon-like Pokémon. Ash checked the Pokédex. It was a Pidove! Ash followed the Pidove to find a group of Pidove. Ash pointed at one of the Pidove. Pikachu jumped into battle mode. Ash told Pikachu to use Thunderbolt once, and the Pidove fainted. Pikachu's Thunderbolt scared all of the Pidove, and they started to attack him. One of the attacks was Air Slash, and two of the Pidove used Quick Attack. While that was happening, the fainted Pidove recovered and flew away with the rest of the group. Ash picked another Pidove at random and told Pikachu to attack it. After knocking it out, Ash threw a Poke Ball and caught it. After celebrating, Iris and Axew returned. Iris had brought some apples. As they were eating, someone captured Pikachu and Axew!They looked up and saw Team Rocket. They threw Pikachu and Axew in a glass box. Pikachu and Axew tried to break out but it was impossible. Ash sent out Pidove. Jessie told Meowth to fight Pidove. Meowth was about to use Fury Swipes but it failed due to Pidove using Gust.
Jessie told Ash that he's doing well. She threw a Poké Ball, and Woobat came out. Woobat used Air Slash. Pidove avoided it. Then it used Quick Attack. Jessie told Woobat to avoid it and then use Gust. Then Pidove fainted. Ash and Iris ran to Pidove. Then Jessie put Woobat back in its Pokéball. James opened a suit case which turned out to be a hot air balloon. As they left, Iris started to climb a tree. Ash started climbing too. He jumped and tried to grab the glass box that Pikachu and Axew were in. Ash couldn't grab the box and he fell down. Suddenly Oshawott appeared. It threw the Scalchop that was on its chest to Team Rocket's balloon. The balloon fell down. When it fell to the ground the glass box broke. Ash and Iris caught Pikachu and Axew while Oshawott caught it's shell. Oshawott started to dance. Jessie angrily took Woobat's Pokéball and threw it. Woobat came out and used Air Slash on Pikachu and Axew. Jessie ordered another Air Slash. Woobat used all of its strength to make this Air Slash. Right Before it could hit Pikachu or Axew, Oshawott used Water Gun. Then finally Ash told Pikachu to use Volt Tackle. Right before it could hit Team Rocket, James threw something that created smoke and they escaped. After a few seconds Pikachu fainted.
Later that day Ash and Iris were in the Pokémon Center, all of Ash's and Iris' Pokémon. They were talking with Nurse Joy when Ash started to wonder why Oshawott saved their Pokémon. While they were talking, Oshawott was watching them through the window.
- Pikachu did not destroy a bike, unlike Misty, May, or Dawn, the previous female companions of Ash.
- Ash turns his cap if he is catching a Pokémon.
- Iris is officially introduced in this episode.
- This episode debuts the redesigned Nurse Joy.
- Alyson Leigh Rosenfeld takes over as the voice of Nurse Joy in the English version.
- This is the second time James has no Pokémon on hand and also the first time Jessie has no Pokémon on hand.
- Just like in the first episode when one of the Pokémon Ash thought was a Pidgey, he threw a rock and he was attacked by a flock of Spearow. Ash captures a Pidove, after they all attack Ash.
- Professor Oak's Live Caster: Poke Balls
- Who's That Pokémon?: Oshawott (US)
- Ash caught Pidove when it fainted, in which you can't catch Pokémon when they faint.
- Iris: "Okay, what was that for?!"
Ash: "You see, I was only trying to catch a Pokémon."
Iris: "Oh, so what you're really telling me is I look like a Pokémon. Your Pokédex, is this cute face in there? Tell me! IS IT?!"
- Jessie: "Again is the question, so twerpish indeed."
James: "The answer to come as we feel the need."
Jessie: "Bringing the blinding White light of evil into the future."
James: "Thrusting the hammer of justice down onto the Black darkness of the universe."
Meowth: "And carving our names in the rock of eternity."
Jessie: "The Fiery destroyer, Jessie."
James: "And with Thunderous emotion, I am James."
Meowth: "Wisest of the Wise, Meowth."
Jessie, James and Meowth: "Now gather...under the name of Team Rocket."
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the Pokémon Wiki's quality standards.
Reason: Unknown
Please consider editing this page to improve it.


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Dillon Gonzales felt nervous as he walked into Memorial Stadium on Saturday night.
He missed practice on Friday as a precautionary measure after fracturing his right thumb at an earlier practice.
In addition, Gonzales was about to take the field in Wichita Falls with a team he had met just a few days earlier.
But stepping onto the field at the 77th Oil Bowl and seeing all the support for him and the West team in the stands helped him relax and dominate the field like he had done so many times for Graham.
In fact, Gonzales scored the first touchdown less than five minutes into the game on a 45-yard go route from Burnet's Derek Kiser.
"It was awesome," the former Graham running back said in reference to his lone score of the night.
Gonzales said he was blessed to receive an invitation to the Oil Bowl and wanted to represent Graham well.
"I just played to my full potential," he said.
With three Graham athletes at the Fellowship of Christian Athletes (FCA) All-Star football game in Abilene and another one at the FCA All-Star baseball game in San Angelo, offensive line coach Joe Merrett was the only other GHS representative at the Oil Bowl.
Merrett arrived in Wichita Falls Saturday after visiting some of the FCA athletes earlier in the week.
When Merrett got to the stands, he watched something he had seen many times before from the sidelines.
"[Dillon's] so fast and quick that he outran everybody to the goal line," Merrett said. "He gets to about the 10-yard line and throws the Steers sign up in the air and runs in...stuff we got used to seeing every Friday night when he'd go to score."
Gonzales finished second on the West team with three catches for 57 yards and the only receiving touchdown in the game. He also had three rushes for five yards.
Beacause of his speed and quickness, Merrett said, Gonzales was open multiple times down the field, but the pass rush from the East team made it hard for the West quarterbacks to find him.
Read the full story in Wednesday's Graham Leader.


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Narrow your search
This is what happens when you take the rulebook and throw it into the nearest refuse bin.
McLaren's second-ever road car is one heck of a ride.
McLaren is all about world leading tech and besting its competitors on the race track, but it's been a while since it made its very own road car. Does the 12C have what it takes to beat Italy's offerings to submission?
At $230,000, the race-track-ready McLaren MP4-12C could be both your second and third car.
The popular media player VLC has been updated to address a potential security flaw.
Automotive News reports on the launch of McLaren's new supercar.
McLaren invited a select group of international automotive journalists to check out the MP4-12C in this Web video.
Today, McLaren confirmed performance figures for ITS MP4-12C and they indicate the car is faster, more powerful and significantly cleaner than any of its rivals from Ferrari, Lambo or Aston.
McLaren is back with its first in-house supercar in over a decade. We take a look outside, inside and, even, under the successor to the legendary F1.
Almost 20 years since McLaren made a production car, the company is back in the game with the all new MP4-12C. This supercar relies on racing technology and materials for what should be a thrilling ride.


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Transform into the other rangers of the past in this Orion Special Ranger Silver Supermega Classic Muscle Costume. Available in different kid sizes, this costume comes with a jumpsuit with muscle torso and arms, attached belt with detachable belt buckle, and character mask. Orion and the rest of the Supermega Rangers are on a mission to protect their home planet from a massive alien that has been sent to conquer Earth. With their special morphers and keys given to them by Gosei, these rangers have a special ability to transform into any past ranger. Don't miss out on the chance to have your friends join in on this Power Ranger celebration by dressing like Supermega force to keep the planet safe from alien destruction.
Our Price: $8.97
Our Price: $11.97
Our Price: $3.99
Our Price: $1.97


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The Benefactor Serrano is a luxury SUV featured in the downloadable episodic pack The Ballad of Gay Tony for Grand Theft Auto IV and Grand Theft Auto V.
The hood design, grille, greenhouse, and sides are similar to a Mercedes-Benz M Class W164; Mercedes-Benz GLK-Class influences are seen on the crease on the sides, the rear, and the front bumper somewhat. The bi xenon headlights are much like a 2004-2006 Volkswagen Touareg but with added LED turning signals. The engine badge on the side reads V12, just like the one on the Schafter. The interior is similar to Habanero's, but the steering wheel bears a Benefactor logo instead of Albany's or Emperor's.
The name "Serrano" is based on that of the Porsche Cayenne as both cars names are chili peppers (this also applies to the Habanero). The Serrano's name could also be a reference to the name of the real life vehicle the Nissan Terrano, although the Terrano barely looks like the Serrano. It also sounds like the Tagalog word "sirana", which means broken, possibly refering to the 2nd generation Volkswagen Touareg's extremely poor reliability.
The Serrano is equipped with a 6.5L V12 engine which produces a high amount of torque, and acheive an impressive top speed of 155mph (249km/h). The Serrano comes with an excellent four-wheel drive setup which allows the Serrano to operate exceptionally good off-road. In terms of handling, the Serrano's cornering performance is average due to its excess weight, and the Serrano tends to suffer from understeer around tight bends. Although the Serrano and the Huntley Sport compete for the fastest SUV, the Serrano is considered to be better because it has a higher top speed, and is easier to use on off-road courses.
VariantsA modified version of the Serrano is available with a full bodykit with lowered suspension, a custom chromed grille with a large Benefactor emblem in the middle, and wheels ressembling those of the Sentinel XS wrapped in low-profile tires. It also comes with tinted windows, and may have a two-tone color with the top and part of the hood being a metallic variant of the vehicle's main color, just like the modified Schafter.
This modified Serrano improves over the existing performances with a significantly lighter weight, and improved engine output and brakes, allowing the variant to corner better, brake in shorter distances and move faster. These traits rank the modified Serrano as one of the better performing SUVs in the game with a top speed of 200mph (320km/h).
- The Serrano shares the same rim design with the Habanero.
- The Serrano does not have B Pillars, This means that the rear doors are hinged to nothing.
- Serrano is a type of ham and pepper.
- As with some other vehicles, the modified Serrano suffers from a glitch which causes the vehicle to have a permanent unique paint job after several resprays. This is an unique metallic blue paint job.
- The modified version suffers another glitch, too. This being that when landing a jump or anything as such, the suspension may dip very far, leading to the bumpers' extra clip-on spoilers disappearing undernieth the ground for a brief moment.
- According to the badging, the Schafter and the Serrano share the same engine. This the same with most AMG models.
'The Ballad of Gay Tony
- The modified Serrano is easily acquirable by phoning up Henrique and asking him to steal one for you, after completing I luv LC. It sometimes comes with the unique metallic blue paint job from the paint jobs glitch.
- In the mission Corner Kids, Luis, Armando and Henrique must escape from a swarm of LCPD officers; during which they immediately head straight to a Serrano parked in East Hook of Broker.
- The standard Serrano spawns mostly in Star Junction and The Triangle. It also spawns around Leftwood, Alderney.
- Grand Theft Auto V


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FARNE Archive Search :: Results
Title : Be kind te yer wife
Also known as :
Blyth and Tyneside poems and songs ;
Format : song
Composer : Anderson, James (b.1825)
Production details : publisher : J. FraserScribe Office, Blyth, Northumberland
Date : 1898 (circa)
Collection name : Collection of Blyth and Tyneside poems and songs
A song about the values of a wife.
This song forms part of a selection of songs from 'Blyth and Tyneside poems and songs' by James Anderson. The book was published in Blyth by J. Fraser, around 1898. The songs reflect the characters, industries and landscapes of Tyneside, with many such as 'Be kind te yer wife', touching on domestic life at the time. The author, James Anderson, was born in the village of Earsdon, in 1825. Following his father into the pits, Anderson held the position of lamp man at Elswick Colliery in Newcastle for over 20 years. His early songs gained merit in the Weekly Chronicle song competitions and the composer went on to have material published in 'Chater's Tyneside Comic Annuals' and other publications. The author was apparently as well known in his day as famous Tyneside composer Joe Wilson, although his popularity has not endured and he is not well known today.
Collection description : A collection of songs and poems by James Anderson
First line : Noo marras just listen awhfle [sic.] te me sang
Subject heading : love, marriage and courtship
Keywords : marriage & advice
Period : 1861-1900
Page numbers: pp.60-61
Held by : Border History Museum
Copyright : Item reproduced by kind permission of Border History Museum
t :: 0191 433 8430
f :: 0191 433 8424
e :: firstname.lastname@example.com
© Gateshead Council 2003


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She plays the Girl on Fire in The Hunger Games, the upcoming movie of the best-selling book series by Suzanne Collins, and Jennifer Lawrence's professional makeup palette in Glamour Magazine is nothing short of smoldering.
Although she is not in her Katniss Everdeen costume in the shoot, she still has the same fiery look in her eyes that the movie trailers have gotten us all pumped up for. It helps that her eye makeup is positively stunning.
With her light brown hair flowing down around her shoulders, the actress, 21, wears graceful, romantic gowns that Katniss would surely scoff at. Ribbons of tulle accent her lovely freckled shoulders in some photos, while in others she lounges in an elegant ivory sweater.
Her sea-green eyes seem to be lined with black pencil that is thicker on the top lash line than along the bottom. The liner looks slightly smudged to give Lawrence a casual not-too-done look, while giving them a sense of warmth. The bronzer that was dusted across the actress's gorgeous freckles added to her glowing complexion. A neutral, slightly glossy lip color allowed her natural beauty to shine through.


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Ask the DMV: Can't drive anymore? Turn in your license for ID card
Q: I'm a senior citizen and recently lost the ability to drive due to medical complications.
Where can I find information on acquiring an identification card? Is there a fee for my new card?
A: For customers over the age of 62, the California Department of Motor Vehicles offers an identification card valid for 10 years for no charge.
The card looks likes a driver license, but is used for identification purposes only. The DMV will also exchange a valid license for a no-fee ID card to drivers who are no longer able to drive safely because of a physical or mental condition. Visit dmv.ca.gov/dl/dl_info.htm#idcard on the DMV Web site for more information.
Q: I bought a vehicle with a clean air sticker. Is the sticker still active even though I wasn't the original owner?
A: Yes, all clean air stickers remain with the vehicle they were originally issued to and cannot be transferred to any other vehicle.
If you purchase a vehicle that has a clean air sticker you may transfer the sticker to your name. To transfer the clean air sticker to your name, complete the following steps:
• Complete an Application for Clean Air Vehicle Stickers (REG 1000).
• Check the "Replacement ID card only" box.
Submit the completed REG 1000 form to the address on the REG 1000 form. For more information on clean air stickers, visit dmv.ca.gov/vr/decal.htm.
Q: I've heard that the DMV is "going green." What is that all about?
A: Great question. Energy and environmental conservation is something that the department is deeply committed to.
In just the past two years, the DMV has opened several energy-efficient offices that include many features designed to conserve energy and resources, in accordance with the U.S. Green Building Council's LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) program.
In addition, the department's "working green" initiative encourages employees to make a positive impact on the environment at both home and work, promoting the use of green materials and resources.
Q: Can you give me some more information on your senior ombudsman program?
A: Sure. In a continuing effort to keep seniors driving for as long as they can do so safely, the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) has created a Senior Ombudsman Program.
There are five ombudsmen throughout California that are assigned to the program. Their primary function is to represent the interest of public safety for all Californians with a special interest in addressing the concerns of senior drivers.
They can assist as a go-between to ensure that senior drivers are treated fairly, consistent with laws and regulations, and with the dignity and respect they deserve.
The ombudsmen are available to assist in individual cases, as well as participate in outreach seminars to promote driver safety in California with an emphasis on senior issues.
DMV Senior Ombudsmen are available to assist you at the following local location:
• Sacramento/Northern California (916) 657-6464.
George Valverde is the director of the California Department of Motor Vehicles. Do you have questions about general driving related requirements like registration or insurance? Are you unclear about laws and restrictions related to driving? The California DMV has answers at dmv.ca.gov. And now, you can submit any DMV-related questions at email@example.com.