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Collapsed Arches or Flat Feet?
I recently was asked about collapsed arches, so I did some research. From what I've found, in the end collapsed arches and flat feet are the same. The difference is how they become flat.
Information about inherited "flat feet" is pretty slim, so I'm going to go out on a limb and make some educated guesses. Some (many) people with inherited flat feet don't seem to have musculoskeletal problems. It looks like their bodies were "built" to a specification that included no medial arches. In the "old days" folks with flat feet received military deferments. More recent studies indicate that soldiers with flat feet do not have problems with marching long distances. If they don't have foot aches then it seems that their bodies are dealing with flat feet just fine. But if they are experiencing foot pains (or ankle, knee, or hip pains) then some degree of arch support may be needed.
For those folks who have recently developed flat feet there is a whole different story. Typical reasons for the development of flat feet include:
The normal musculoskeletal system works to support the body, beginning with the feet. Any deviation from "normal" will create problems. Since it is normal for the feet to have a noticeable medial arch the body's muscles and skeleton are structured with that in mind. A less than normal arch will cause misalignment of bones in the feet, ankle, knees, and hips. Muscles and ligaments in the feet (such as the Plantar Fascia) will be stretched and strained. Any one of the reasons above can cause the feet to flatten and create a set of other issues.
If life were simple the solution would be easy. You'd just buy a pair of shoes with good arch support and your body would be realigned, you'd lose weight, etc. Since life isn't that simple you do what you can in steps. Certainly a supportive pair of shoes can never be a bad thing, and it's a great place to start. From personal experience, I know the value of getting good arch support (see blog "Plantar Fasciitis"). Relieving the knee and hip pain allowed me to return to running.
Not all feet are the same and not all "supportive" footwear are the same. Try on different brands and see how they work for you. Or you can always contact our Customer Service Department (1-800-336-6657) or click on our live chat and we can help you identify a brand or style that might work well for you.
Great footwear at great prices. What a great deal! Stop by a Happy Feet Plus store near you and save.


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STMicroelectronics Encourages Taiwan's Next Generation of Engineers; Launches 2012 Design Contest in Taiwan
Competition set to spur the creation of innovative MEMS-sensing applications
STMicroelectronics (NYSE: STM), a global semiconductor leader serving customers across the spectrum of electronics applications and the leading supplier of MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) for consumer and portable 1applications, today launched the 2012 iNEMO Design Contest, an open competition for students and young engineers in Taiwan to design innovative applications built around ST's award-winning2 iNEMO smart multi-sensor technology.
In 2011, the Company's net revenues were $9.73 billion. Further information on ST can be found at www.st.com.
ST's iNEMO is a unique evaluation and development tool that offers up to 10 degrees of freedom, combining 3-axis linear acceleration, 3-axis angular rate and 3-axis motion sensing through a magnetic field, together with barometric/altitude readings, managed by an STM32 32-bit microcontroller. The integration of multiple sensors with processing capabilities, dedicated software and wireless connectivity in a single platform enables leaps in functionality and performance in a wide variety of applications, including Gaming, Human Machine Interface, Robotics, Portable Navigation Devices, and Patient Monitoring.
"Building upon the success achieved in the previous year, when nearly 145 students and young engineers in Taiwan submitted 32 designs to the 2011 iNEMO contest, we have continued to witness innovation and creativity among young students and engineers in Taiwan," said Patrick Boulaud, STMicroelectronics Regional Vice President, Analog, MEMS and Sensor, Greater China and South Asia Region. "This year's contest enables ST to continue to drive MEMS industry growth with its innovation capabilities and with its commitment to developing and cultivating talent among university students and young engineers around the world. The iNEMO Design Contest in Taiwan is yet another example of how ST demonstrates its commitment to global innovation and excellence."
The iNEMO Design Contest will run in Taiwan until November 15, 2012 and offers total prizes in excess of NT$195,0003 to the ten most successful iNEMO design concepts, evaluated on their functionality and practicality, implementation, creativity, presentation and final demonstration. The winners will be announced at the beginning of December 2012.
As a one-stop MEMS supplier offering a comprehensive portfolio of micro-machined accelerometers, gyroscopes, pressure sensors, magnetic sensors and microphones, ST announced its shipment of two billion MEMS sensors in February 2012, confirming its top position in MEMS devices for consumer and portable applications.
For more information and registration, please visit www.st-inemo.com.tw
About STMicroelectronics
ST is a global leader in the semiconductor market serving customers across the spectrum of sense and power technologies and multimedia convergence applications. From energy management and savings to trust and data security, from healthcare and wellness to smart consumer devices, in the home, car and office, at work and at play, ST is found everywhere microelectronics make a positive and innovative contribution to people's life. By getting more from technology to get more from life, ST stands for life.augmented.
In 2011, the Company's net revenues were $9.73 billion. Further information on ST can be found at www.st.com.
1 IHS iSuppli: H2 2011 Consumer and Mobile MEMS Market Tracker, February 2012
2 iNEMO has received a Wall Street Journal Technology Innovation Award and a Computerworld Honors recognition
3 NT$80,000 (first place); NT$50,000 (second place); NT$30,000 (third place); 7x NT$5,000 (fourth through tenth places)

subset: commoncrawl


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Leigh highlights
Posted 26 January 2013 - 06:00 PM
For those stupid enough to go a reminder and for those who couldn`t a brief glimpse of the match and the conditions
Posted 27 January 2013 - 07:19 PM
Posted 27 January 2013 - 09:13 PM
Posted 27 January 2013 - 09:32 PM
You've lived in America too long Geoff! That is the British summer!
My daughter, also a Lions fan, lives in Fairbanks Alaska, where it is -45 F today! Fortunately she'll be back to the relative warmth of Vermont before next winter. It's a mild +12 F here today!
Posted 27 January 2013 - 09:35 PM
Posted 27 January 2013 - 10:25 PM
Maybe Blue Monkey can confirm that it was 50 years ago that RL shut down for a month due to frozen pitches. The Lions were mid table but then went on to win every match and ended up Champions! Might that be a good omen for the upcoming season?
"for a month"? You must be joking, the whole country endured a forced sporting shutdown for nearer THREE months (just after Christmas till March) All outdoor sports were wiped out by the prolonged Siberian-######-Arctic conditions. Football, Racing, Rugby League, Rugby Union, outdoor tiddlewinks, etc disappeared during this freak winter.
The football pools (remember them?) had to operate by a specially convened 'Pools Panel' made up of the game's 'experts', respected players, club chairmen and administrators etc who every Saturday 'decided' on what the likely outcome of each match might have been given a normal winter's scenario.
Away from the sports calendar, day to day life was badly disrupted too, e.g., in the building trade, bricklayers couldn't do their work because of the constant sub-zero temperature. The mortar for the bricks just couldn't be applied as you can imagine.
A couple of weeks ago on the Winterwatch TV programme, the whole episode was devoted to showing a fascinating documentary made by the BBC during that 1963 winter. It was on the i-Player, but it's been taken off now.
The only other winter in my lifetime to match the horrors of 1963 was the blizzard blown, snowdrift ridden winter of 1947. I can't actually recall it myself - I was only 6 months old at the time - but my dad told me he had to dig out a passage through the heaps of snow just to get to the front gate.
Roll on spring eh?
Posted 28 January 2013 - 01:33 AM
Posted 28 January 2013 - 11:24 AM
. My enterance to this earth was left in the trusty hands of my dad at home in Calder Dr a stones throw from Mecca aka Station Rd.
Calder Drive? I remember watching that being built while attending Cromwell Road Boys' School (now Swinton High). You could see the building work going on from the classrooms overlooking Destructor Road (between Cromwell Road and Mossfield Road).
Posted 28 January 2013 - 01:44 PM
Spot on again Blue Monkey - I remember that winter well - just checked one of my old programmes - we played Bramley at home on December 22nd 1962 and did not play our next game until March 6th 1963 at home in the cup against Widnes
Posted 28 January 2013 - 02:31 PM
I was 4 in 1947 and don't remember much but do remember my dad saying none of the buses were running on Bolton Road.
Here's a trivia question for you. Which Lions player came out of the freeze up in the best shape of his life and why?
Posted 28 January 2013 - 03:25 PM
OK, I stand corrected, it was closer to three months! I remember all the downspouts froze and I couldn't ride to work on my bike!
Here's a trivia question for you. Which Lions player came out of the freeze up in the best shape of his life and why?
Was it that certain stand off half ("hard-as-nails") who did 'porridge' for a serious motoring offence?
Posted 28 January 2013 - 05:42 PM
Was it that certain stand off half ("hard-as-nails") who did 'porridge' for a serious motoring offence?
Right on!
I seem to remember he was a PE instructor during that period!
Posted 31 January 2013 - 01:04 PM


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Posted on 12/27/2012
Lynne Mitchell
It is the most important New Year's resolution you may ever make. Make 2013 the year you quit smoking! Many smokers use the New Year's holiday as motivation to quit.
For resources, support groups, motivational tips and more, visit the Commit to Quit Smoking section of the CDC website.
Normal Hours Contact Numbers
(336) 703-3249
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After Hours & Weekends
(336) 703-3100
(336) 748-3644
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Winston-Salem, NC 27102
(336) 703-3100
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Communicable Diseases
(336) 748-3644
Medical Records Information
(336) 727-8135
The mission of the Forsyth County Department of Public Health is to prevent disease
and promote a healthy community through regulation, education and partnerships.
Adopted by the Board of Health 10/2/13.
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Things to see and do - Agra
Leaving for India
Agra :
Unmissable tourist sites
Where to sleep?
Agra Hotel tips
Hotel Moti Palace from2499 INRBook
The Grand Imperial - Heritage Hotel from2236 INRBook
Dreams Inn Agra - Villa Harmony from2000 INRBook
Agra Travel guide
Agra : Michelin's recommendations
Along with Delhi and Lahore (now part of Pakistan), Agra was one of the three finest cities of the Mughal empire, and as such its architectural splendour is not limited to that of the Taj Mahal, as here you'll find some of the most beautiful buildings from the 17C. Palaces, mosques and tombs are all part of this mosaic inspired by Allah's paradise. Sadly, the filthy centre of the city, which has been disfigured by hideous architecture, is besieged by horrendous traffic that has had a disfiguring effect on these architectural marvels.
Tourist attractions Agra : Things to see and do
Taj Mahal
IND - Agra 282001
This magical palace, the tomb of the wife of Sultan Shah Jahan who died in childbirth, is an extraordinary testament to the power of love. Completed in 1644, the monument took twelve years to build, with its fine marble walls, four slender minarets a..
Fort d'Agra
IND - Agra 282001
Like many of the forts built during the Mughal period, Agra Fort, surrounded by double walls, housed a mix of private dwellings and religious buildings. Built in 1565 by Akbar, the fort was extended and embellished in 1571 by Shah Jahan, the smitten ..
Itimad ud-Daula's Tomb
IND - Agra 282001
With its four 13m-high look-out towers, this tomb (1628), built by Empress Nur Jahan for her father Mirza Ghiyas Beg, is reminiscent of the Tomb of Jahangir in Lahore (Pakistan). The exterior is entirely clad in white marble and encrusted with semi-p..
Hotels Agra
Dreams Inn Agra - Villa Harmony
Q.No. 9, Gawalior Road, Opp.Budh Vihar Bus Stand, Agra, Uttar Pradesh IND - Agra 282001
Offering a restaurant, Dreams Inn Agra (Villa Harmony) is located in Agra. Free WiFi access is available. The famous Agra Fort and Jama Masjid are just 500 metres away. Each room here will provide you with a TV, air conditioning and a terrace. Featu..
Sun Hotel Agra
Near Redfort, Behind Police Chowki, Baluganj IND - Agra 282001
Prix Prices from : 1416 INR
Centrally located in Agra City Centre, Sun Hotel is just 1.5 km from the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Taj Mahal. Providing free wired internet in its restaurant, it also has a doctor on-call and 24-hour front desk. Parking on-site is free. Fully ai..
Hotel Moti Palace
Dhakran Crossing, M. G. Road IND - Agra 282010
Featuring free Wi-Fi and a restaurant, Hotel Moti Palace offers rooms in Agra. Red Fort and Agra Fort Railway station are 2 km away. Taj Mahal is 5 km away. Each air-conditioned room includes a seating area and flat-screen TV with satellite channels..


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35 U.S. Code § 255 - Certificate of correction of applicant's mistake
prev | next
Whenever a mistake of a clerical or typographical nature, or of minor character, which was not the fault of the Patent and Trademark Office, appears in a patent and a showing has been made that such mistake occurred in good faith, the Director may, upon payment of the required fee, issue a certificate of correction, if the correction does not involve such changes in the patent as would constitute new matter or would require re-examination. Such patent, together with the certificate, shall have the same effect and operation in law on the trial of actions for causes thereafter arising as if the same had been originally issued in such corrected form.
Source(July 19, 1952, ch. 950, 66 Stat. 809; Pub. L. 93–596, § 1,Jan. 2, 1975, 88 Stat. 1949; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(9) [title IV, § 4732(a)(10)(A)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–582; Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title III, § 13206(b)(1)(B),Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1906.)
Historical and Revision Notes
This section providing for the correction of minor clerical errors made by the applicant, is new and follows a similar provision in the trade-mark law, 15 U.S.C., 1946 ed., § 1057(g).
2002—Pub. L. 107–273made technical correction to directory language of Pub. L. 106–113. See 1999 Amendment note below.
1999—Pub. L. 106–113, as amended by Pub. L. 107–273, substituted "Director" for "Commissioner".
1975—Pub. L. 93–596substituted "Patent and Trademark Office" for "Patent Office".
Effective Date of 1999 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 106–113effective 4 months after Nov. 29, 1999, see section 1000(a)(9) [title IV, § 4731] of Pub. L. 106–113, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.
Effective Date of 1975 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 93–596effective Jan. 2, 1975, see section 4 ofPub. L. 93–596, set out as a note under section 1111 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


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Pina Zangaro's Presentation Boxes, made of anodized brushed aluminum, are a sleek presentation alternative. They're fully archival, so they're also great for storage.
The lift-off lids have finger notches on the sides to facilitate removal. Anodized aluminum is durable and scratch-resistant, so these boxes will maintain their appearance and style for years to come.
For an even more dramatic presentation, consider customizing your presentation box with your logo, name, or other artwork of your choosing. Available in two formats — Color Imprinting and Laser Etching — custom imprinting makes a lasting impression.
Color Imprinting — Using its
Laser Etching — Pina Zangaro uses CO2 lasers to etch names, logos, and other art on its aluminum presentation boxes by removing a thin outer layer of material. Laser etching creates a slightly textured, permanent impression of your art.
™ Pina Zangaro is a trademark.
Instructions for Custom Imprinting
For custom imprinting orders, your art must be emailed directly to Pina Zangaro at firstname.lastname@example.com. DO NOT mail your artwork to Blick Art Materials. Imprinting is only available for presentation boxes purchased online.
Click here for detailed instructions on how to submit your artwork, as well as information about reviewing and approving your proof. Any delay in submitting your artwork to Pina Zangaro will result in a delay of your order being processed.


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Enlarge / Alternate Images
Low-Ohm Tuning Fork
Made from space grade aluminum, this Low-Ohm Tuning Fork is 68.05 hz.The Low-Ohm Tuning Fork has an earthy reverberating tone, and a clear beautiful sound when activated, and is an excellent choice for working on the body, especially the lower body, as it is particularly grounding. Recommended Use:Use on the lower half of the body, or in combination with the Mid-Ohm Tuning Fork. The Low-Ohm Tuning Fork has a deep and earthy reverberating quality when activated. Use alone, or with the Mid-Ohm Tuning Fork to create the Ohm Octave, a beautiful musical interval that promotes movement in the body.


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order by phone... 1-800-828-4548
order by item number...add items to my cart
Browse more:
Direct attention to your announcements with this handsome bulletin board. Indoor and Outdoor Boards are available.
Hint — click a thumbnail to enlarge.
Please select one of your Lists or create a new List.
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Factory Direct
Dick Blick Art Materials®, Blick®, Blick Studio®, and Artists Pick Blick® are registered trademarks of Dick Blick Holdings Inc.
© Copyright 1999-2016 Dick Blick Holdings Inc. All rights reserved.


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Gettysburg Hotel Guide
Unlike other cities with a high tourist population, Gettysburg doesn't have many specific neighborhoods. The Harrison neighborhood, named for a general who fought during the Civil War, is home to a few pet friendly hotels, and the neighborhood has plenty of spaces where you can take your dog for a walk during your trip.
Many people visit Gettysburg for the legendary haunted sites. If you want to stay in a hotel frequently visited by ghosts, try staying in the northern area of the city. The northern half is closer to the battlefield, and many of the hotels here have stories from guests and workers who saw ghosts. For best results, pick one of the historic hotels or older buildings in the northern region or downtown.
You can get a better price on your trip by picking hotels near Gettysburg, PA. Lake Heritage, Bonneauville and Orrtanna are towns surrounding Gettysburg. These hotels often see fewer guests, but the hotels are within driving distance of the best historic sites. By staying outside of the city, you can enjoy your Gettysburg vacations without spending as much as you anticipated. You may be able to save some extra cash by combing your hotel reservations with adding a rental car for your trip to Gettysburg.
When looking for hotels in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, you might come across a few Gettysburg resorts. In recent years, the city began advertising itself as the perfect place for a family vacation. These hotels offer extra amenities that others do not, including heated swimming pools, family-friendly restaurants and activities for the whole family. Some hotels in Gettysburg, PA even offer lower prices on tours of the battlegrounds and other sites in the city.
The top-rated places to stay in Gettysburg provide you with an experience that you cannot get anywhere else. You might enjoy the south side of the city where the hotels are further apart, or you might prefer staying on the north side or east side where you are closer to the Gettysburg National Military Park. Regardless of which neighborhood or area you prefer, you can find cheap hotel deals in Gettysburg, PA by letting Expedia help you book your trip and make your travel arrangements.
Wyndham Gettysburg
Wyndham Gettysburg is a modern hotel with a historic charm featuring convenient access to some of the nation's most famous battlefields and monumental sites. Find the best deals on inviting rooms, indulge in the hotel's two on-site restaurants, and kick back at the indoor pool on your next Gettysburg getaway.
Hilton Garden Inn Gettysburg
For an inviting Gettysburg hotel near all the captivating Civil War landmarks, vacationers choose the Hilton Garden Inn Gettysburg. This appealing Pennsylvania inn presents an on-site restaurant, convenience store, elegant rooms, and even a relaxing indoor pool and hot tub area.
Comfort Suites Gettysburg
For guests in search of hotels in Gettysburg, PA, reservations at the Comfort Suites Gettysburg are an ideal choice. This welcoming hotel sits in the heart of the historic district, offering complimentary breakfast, spacious guest rooms, and an indoor heated pool, along with easy access to the Civil War battlefields and sites.
James Gettys Hotel
Recognized as one of the listings in the National Register of Historic Places, the James Gettys Hotel is an award-winning hotel located in downtown Gettysburg. A bed and breakfast meets a boutique hotel, this inn features inviting hospitality and individually designed spacious suites with kitchenettes, living rooms, and private bedrooms.
1863 Inn Of Gettysburg
Book a stay at the 1863 Inn of Gettysburg and walk to the nearby Gettysburg National Cemetery, American Civil War Museum, and the Jennie Wade House. This warm and inviting inn sits in the heart of historic downtown Gettysburg, an area doused with fascinating history.
Days Inn Gettysburg
For a comfortable discount accommodation in Pennsylvania, make reservations at the Days Inn Gettysburg. Take a dip in the outdoor pool, spoil your belly to the continental breakfast, rest in the spacious rooms, and enjoy convenient access to all the local historic sites and battlefields.
Hampton Inn
Find low rates on rooms at Hampton Inn and explore the nearby Jennie Wade House, Majestic Theater, Cemetery Hill, and the Soldiers National Museum. This affordable accommodation provides you with a fitness facility, indoor pool, and inviting rooms in historic Gettysburg.
The Brafferton Inn
Named Gettysburg's oldest continual residence, The Brafferton Inn is a field stone home dating back to 1876. This Gettysburg hotel is a cozy bed and breakfast located near the Historic District and Lincoln Square. Stay at this inn and enjoy convenient access to the nearby historic sites and landmarks.
Country Inn & Suites By Carlson Gettysburg
Book rooms at the County Inn & Suites By Carlson, Gettysburg and take advantage of the nearby historic attractions such as the Gettysburg National Military Park and the Gettysburg National Cemetery. At this pet friendly accommodation, relax by the indoor pool and fill up on the complimentary breakfast.
Eisenhower Hotel & Conference Center
Stay at the Eisenhower Hotel & Conference Center and take advantage of the nearby attractions, including the Gettysburg Military Park and the Eisenhower National Historic Site. Find discounts on the comfortable rooms at this hotel, dive into the indoor pool, and use the conference room for all your business needs.
Travelodge Gettysburg
Land the hottest vacations deals at some of the best prices when you book room reservations at the Travelodge Gettysburg. This pet-friendly hotel provides complimentary breakfast and is located nearby must-see attractions such as the Gettysburg National Military Park.
Quality Inn Gettysburg Motor Lodge
For a quality accommodation at quality rates, stay at the Quality Inn Gettysburg Motor Lodge. This inn offers complimentary hot breakfast, a putting green, an indoor and outdoor pool, along with a cocktail lounge, gift shop, and not to forget, comfortable rooms.
The Lodges At Gettysburg
When you're searching for top places to stay in Gettysburg, consider The Lodges at Gettysburg for an unforgettable experience. Sitting on a 63-acre private oasis, this quaint and secluded accommodation looks out over the famous fields where battles took place during the Civil War.
Super 8 Gettysburg
Snag some of the lowest prices on your hotel when you book room reservations at the Super 8 Gettysburg. Complete with a business center, indoor pool, hot tub, and continental breakfasts, this Gettysburg hotel offers all the amenities you need for a comfortable stay in this historic town.
Colton Motel Gettysburg
The Colton Motel Gettysburg provides you with the luxuries of complimentary breakfast, an outdoor pool, Internet access, and spacious rooms at affordable rates. The motel is also conveniently located near must-see attractions, including the Gettysburg National Cemetery, Hall of Presidents and First Ladies, and the Jennie Wade House.


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This is one of those news stories that reads like the first chapter of an apocalyptic horror story: Scientists create artificial, self-replicating DNA cells that they plan to manipulate into synthetic bacteria to be released into the air in an effort to reverse damage to the environment. I'm not making this up.
To be fair, I'm not afraid of technology in general. I don't live in fear of genetically modified vegetables, nuclear power, or DDT. What's frightening about unleashing microscopic artificial life into the air we breathe, aside from, well, unleashing microscopic artificial life into the air we breathe, are the Utopian suggestions that, in effect, it can allow humans to control the environment and bring about world peace (or at least eradicate our dependency on oil by using the buggers to create fuel). Anything that appears so too-good-to-be-true is bound to bite us on the ass. And, I mean, think about it: in theory (not established scientific theory, but theory) self-aware micro-organisms could fly in through your nose and mouth and take over your brain and body. Not to mention the bodies of dead people. Just saying….
h/t: @rarenews
Mad Scientist Costume Kit (pictured above) available on frightcatalog.com


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Submitted by Anthony Andros on
There are so many choices out there regarding consumer technology! Companies claim to offer the best deals and/or the latest & greatest gear all the time. With so many companies out there including Amazon, Apple, Facebook, Google, & Microsoft, where to begin? You may be wondering, can I access all of my pictures, music, movies, & books on the same device? Which devices are compatible with the library's free ebooks? How do I keep track of all these passwords?? The following New York Times article may help guide you with some of these questions.


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Log in
WealthEngine, the Association of Fundraising Professionals, and APRA (a fundraising research organization) presented a webinar recently called 'Fundraising Intelligence.' They discussed the legal and ethical practices we, as nonprofits, must comply with and honor as we work with donors' personal information. Each organization has privacy standards, ethical standards, and a Donor Bill of Rights.
With all of the public information about donors and potential donors, what makes their profile at your organization confidential is that it IS a 'profile'...a custom, formatted profile IS highly confidential.
The rise of the internet has made it more important than ever to verify information and have policies and procedures covering who, why, when, and what is shared internally (staff and board) and with volunteer fundraisers. Here are 'best practices' cited in the webinar:
It's all about relationships with our donors and prospects. "Respect the privacy of prospects/donors: use information gathered through cultivation in a way that only enhances the relationship with the prospect/donor and your organization."
Posted by Bobbe Luce at 02/14/2011 08:08:00 AM |


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Hey guys, I have a few questions regarding lipo chargers, and lipos. I've been planning on getting 2 Traxxas nimh 5000mah batterys for my Summit down the road. But, after looking at lipo prices and specs, now I'm not so sure what I want to get. I just found for the same price that 2 Traxxas nimh 5000mah batterys would cost, I can get two SPC 2s 8200mah lipos, for the same price! Wow, that sounds good! Untill I realized I would have to buy a lipo charger... So, what would be a good lipo charger under $120, that would be good enough to help my lipos (If I got lipos) last a long time. I also still want a charger that could almost guarantee that they wouldn't get damaged, puffed, or runined if I used it properly. (<My mom's wishes. )
I just want to get a good enough charger, so that down the road I won't wish that I got a better one. So want to get a charger that I can be happy with, and enjoy, and get one that would be good for lipos. Thanks! -Wolfslash16


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You've always enjoyed being around people and consider yourself to have excellent interpersonal and communication abilities. You're patient, give attention to detail, and have impressive manual dexterity. If this sounds like you, the Dental Hygiene program will likely be a good fit for you.
Dental hygienists1 play an important role by performing procedures such as cleanings and taking X-rays as well as by putting patients at ease and attending to them throughout their time in the dentist's office.
With a curriculum designed to prepare you to meet the professional and legal requirements of this in-demand career, the Dental Hygiene program at Carrington College® work to:
- Help you meet the needs of potential hygienist employers
- Prepare you for the legal and professional challenges of this career
- Gain an understanding of ethical standards
- Give you the tools and knowledge necessary to take the Dental Hygiene National Board and state licensing exams
A refreshing start in the Dental Hygiene industry
It's nice to know the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) predicts that dental hygiene will be one of the fastest growing occupations this decade. Employment of Dental Hygienists is expected to grow 33% from 2012 to 2022.2
Dental Hygienists salaries can vary depending on factors including the type and location of practice, whether the work is full-time or part-time, and the level of experience. The latest Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) issued by the BLS stated that nationally the median annual wage for a dental hygienist was $70,210 in May 2012. The lowest earning 10% were paid an average of $46,540 and the highest 10% earned an average of $96,280.2
Make a clean break to a new career in our Dental Hygiene program
As a student pursuing your Associate of Science degree in Dental Hygiene, you'll gain the skills and knowledge to provide comprehensive dental hygiene care. We're committed to helping you develop professional communication skills with physicians, colleagues and patients. Upon successfully completing the Dental Hygiene program, you can work in private dental offices, health departments, private and public clinics and hospitals.
Our Dental Hygiene program is a composite of approximately 40% lecture, 40% clinic and 20% laboratory. Within these formats, here are some examples of the areas of study that will be covered:
- Gross anatomy and physiology of the human body
- Anatomy of the teeth, head and neck
- Embryology and histology
- Clinical dental hygiene
- Dental Radiography
- Periodontology
Although this may seem like a large amount of material to cover, all of it is significant in helping to prepare you for success in your future career. The Dental Hygiene program is focused on helping you gain skills and confidence you can utilize to:
- Observe patients' oral abnormalities and record problems
- Offer periodontal therapies such as plaque or stain removal
- Take oral X-rays and apply fluoride and fissure sealants
- Communicate with your patients and colleagues in a knowledgeable and professional manner
- Apply dental hygiene research advances to the oral care you provide
To learn more about educational and career opportunities as a dental hygienist, contact one of our Enrollment Services Representatives.


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Experience the fun and convenience of making your email, internet and favorite apps portable with this Audiovox tablet and wireless Bluetooth® keyboard case. Featuring Google Certification and access to the Google Play Store, this tablet offers a great first step into the exciting world of mobile computing with practical applications and a user friendly interface for easy navigation.
Ports: (1) Mini HDMI, (1) Micro USB, (1) MicroSD, (1) 3.5mm Headphone Jack
Google Certified & Google Play Access
As one of the select Android tablets on the market with Google Mobile Service (GMS) certification, this tablet has gone through hardware and software testing by Google to ensure the compatibility of the product. With a GMS certified tablet, users get access to the Google Play Store, which puts access to all the entertainment you love right in your hand with a massive collection of available apps, games, eBooks, songs, movies, TV shows, and magazines.
What If You're Not Sure What Bluetooth Is?
So you've heard of Bluetooth and that things are better with Bluetooth, but what exactly is Bluetooth? Basically, Bluetooth Technology allows for short distance wireless connections between enabled smart devices, tablets or computers and compatible peripherals like keyboards, headphones and speakers. It's cool. The Audiovox tablet and the included keyboard case are Bluetooth enabled, which means you'll be able to connect and type without wires. And if you decide to add other Bluetooth peripherals in the future, you'll be ready.
Bluetooth Keyboard Case
Make interacting with your Audiovox tablet a little more conventional with the included keyboard case. Using Bluetooth technology, simply pair the keyboard to the tablet and start typing without touching the screen. The case also helps defend your tablet from the dangers of life on the go and functions as stand so you can get a better view of the screen while typing or watching videos. The keyboard recharges through a standard powered USB port, like one on a desktop or notebook computer. The tablet will not charge the keyboard.
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Tablet Warranty: Twelve (12) month limited warranty provided by Voxx Electronics. For warranty and product support, please call: 1-800-645-4994.
Keyboard Case Technical Support: 1-800-788-7618, ext. 1240
Please Note: After OS, and updated, preloaded apps, total available system storage is approximately 419 MB. Total available media storage is approximately 4.7 GB. Access to an existing Wi-Fi network with an active internet connection is required to utilize online features and applications. When the tablet is in the keyboard case, the rear-facing camera will be slightly obstructed. HDMI cable is not included.
Click here for detailed instructions about how to pair your Bluetooth keyboard case with your Audiovox tablet.


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The Food and Drug Administration tested 400 lipsticks from some of the most popular brands like Revlon, L'Oreal, MAC, and and Estee Lauder and found lead in almost all of them.
It's important to note all the levels are lower than the maximum allowed by the FDA in color additives. The agency does not regulate lead in lipstick, but now is considering setting a limit.
Of the ten lipsticks found to contain the most lead, five were from L'Oreal.
KKTV found the second lipstick on the list for sale at a Colorado Springs drug store. It's L'Oreal's Colour Riche, "Volcanic."
We also found the ninth, Maybelline's Color Sensational, "Mauve Me."
Even though 400 lipsticks were found to contain lead, none of them had what's considered an "unsafe level." Still, the study shows the numbers in many have gone up since the last study in October 2007.
And, ladies may be frustrated to find out, if your lipstick wasn't included in this test there's no easy way to know which brands contain zero amount of lead. The government doesn't require companies to test for it.
Ironically, the FDA study shows that the lipstick with the least amount of lead was also the cheapest. It's Wet 'N' Wild's Bahama Mama.
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Wells Fargo leads pack according to U of M report on sub-prime lenders
By Charles Hallman
Staff Writer
A new University of Minnesota Law School study shows that Blacks and other communities of color and low-income residents in the Twin Cities still lack access to credit. It is an update of a 2009 study that found that Blacks and Latinos — even with "very high income[s] — were much more likely to get sub-prime loans than very low-income White applicants."
"It's hard to believe that systemically a Black family that is making $157,000 a year is less likely to qualify for a prime loan than a White family that earns 40 [thousand a year]," noted Myron Orfield, the director of the Institute on Metropolitan Opportunity, which is housed at the U of M Law School. The report also shows that Blacks and other people of color who live in two North Minneapolis neighborhoods had the highest number of sub-prime loans compared to Whites in the same neighborhoods: 59 percent for people of color compared to 42 percent Whites in Near North; and 55 percent for people of color in Camden compared to 29 percent for Whites. These two areas also "were most dramatically affected" among Twin Cities neighborhoods. "Our report [reveals] discrimination in lending against individuals on the basis of race, and also discrimination in lending against neighborhoods on the basis of race," noted Orfield, who heads the U of M Law School's
Institute on Metropolitan Opportunity (IMO). Continue Reading →


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In order to turn over aging inventory and make way for more current stock, some products on our site are listed in a "Dutch Auction". In a Dutch Auction, the selling price of a product is repeatedly lowered every day until product is sold out. As a result of the decreasing purchase price the product deal becomes more enticing to other buyers.
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Our Elite™ Bassinet offers a traditional oval shape with a very upscale
furniture look! This special oval bassinet with a Natural wood finish is
comfortable for Baby and stylish for your home.


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Amazon Kindle
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by Amazon Mobile LLC
Download this app if: you want to read your Amazon Kindle titles on your phone too.
Advisor Review
Android App Tablet Review: Kindle — Kindle is one of the best apps available for any Android tablet. The device's larger screen makes it the perfect size for reading, whether you're in bed or the waiting room. You're able to access new releases, titles on the New York Times Best Sellers list and tons of literary classics...
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Good, but tough to overcome screen size — I love this app and have read multiple books using it on my android phone. The features are great and it syncs perfectly with your Amazon account on your computer. For those people who don't want to spend the money on an iPad or Kindle and do not mind reading on a much smaller screen, there is...


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Free-Agents for the Cubs
The Cubs, as expected, didn't make a peep at the Winter Meetings after the Jake Peavy deal fell through.
And although I was in favor of trading for Peavy (and I still am), it's not the end of the world on the North Side.
The bright side of not landing Peavy is the Cubs retain what little remaining minor league talent they have at Triple-A Iowa and Double-A Tennessee.
However, this team is still in need of some left-handed hitting despite the signing of outfielder Joey Gathright.
While I'm an early believer in Gathright's potential to become an everyday player, he's still a role player on this Chicago team until proving otherwise.
That being said, below I've listed – in no particular order- a few free-agents who I think would complement the Cubs' left-handed needs for the lineup.
First of all, I like the idea of resigning Jim Edmonds.
Sure, he's old (39) and a former Cardinal but, the guy played rejuvenated baseball after joining the club in May.
Give Edmonds another year on a winner like Chicago and I like his chances of posting similar numbers to last season's .256 avg., 19 HR & 49 RBIs.
Not to mention, Edmonds' knack for hitting fly balls plays well in tiny Wrigley Field and Gathright's arrival gives the aging star plenty of days off in centerfield.
One below-the-radar type player is Brad Wilkerson, a 32-year-old lefty with some pop and a decent glove in right field.
It's been four years since Wilkerson notched 32 HRs with Montreal but, since then he's averaged around 13 bombs per season.
The good news is he has a lifetime (8 seasons) .350 OBP and plays right field…the downside is his durability which has limited him to playing in no more than 119 games since 2006.
The Cubs could probably get Wilkerson on the cheap for something around $2.5 to $3 million per year while platooning him in right with Fukudome.
Another possibility is first baseman Sean Casey.
Given Lou's penchant for double switches and playing his entire bench, Casey's left-handedness would come in handy especially as a pinch hitter.
While Casey is far from a spring chicken (34), he's a career .302 avg hitter including a .296 avg. with Detroit in 2006 and a .322 avg. with Boston last season.
The positives with Casey is that he's no threat to current first sacker Derrek Lee, who's never played fewer than 150 games since 2000 with the exception of his broken wrist in 2006 that limited him to just 50 appearances.
And most importantly, Casey has been clutch during the post season.
During Detroit's World Series run in 2006 Sean batted .353 avg. in the ALDS, .333 avg. for the ALCS and .529 avg. in the Fall Classic.
In all for the 2006 post season Casey went 16-for-37 (.432 avg.) with 2 HRs and 9 RBIs.
That's the kind of hitting Chicago needs from a left-hander come October.
On the contrary, Casey is sub par defensively, slow on the bases and injury prone.
Lastly, I think whoever signs former Cub Jerry Hairston Jr. is getting a real bargain.
With Cincinnati last year (80 games) Hairston batted .326 with high .384 OBP.
Although Hairston is a right-hander hitter, he's also an above average centerfielder, can play shortstop as well, and stole 15 bases vs. being caught stealing just three times.
However, he had two extended stays on the DL with leg injuries in 2008 and that's a scary trend at 34-years-old.
Still, it's likely Hairston is signable at less than a million dollars meaning he's a cheap risk.
Basically, it's crucial the Cubs sign someone left-handed to complement its everyday lineup dominated by righties.
And while I love the idea of a Micah Hoffpauir having a break though year come spring training, it's better safe than sorry in signing one of the above free-agents.


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Retinoblastoma Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment - Patient Information [NCI]
This information is produced and provided by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The information in this topic may have changed since it was written. For the most current information, contact the National Cancer Institute via the Internet web site at http://cancer.gov or call 1-800-4-CANCER.
Retinoblastoma Treatment
General Information About Retinoblastoma
Retinoblastoma is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the retina.
The retina is the nerve tissue that lines the inside of the back of the eye. The retina senses light and sends images to the brain by way of the optic nerve.
Anatomy of the eye, showing the outside and inside of the eye including the sclera, cornea, iris, ciliary body, choroid, retina, vitreous humor, and optic nerve. The vitreous humor is a gel that fills the center of the eye.
Although retinoblastoma may occur at any age, it usually occurs in children younger than 5 years, most often younger than 2 years. The tumor may be in one eye or in both eyes. Retinoblastoma rarely spreads from the eye to nearby tissue or other parts of the body.
Retinoblastoma is sometimes caused by a gene mutation passed from the parent to the child.
Retinoblastoma is sometimes inherited (passed from the parent to the child). Retinoblastoma that is caused by an inherited gene mutation is called hereditary retinoblastoma. It usually occurs at a younger age than retinoblastoma that is not inherited. Retinoblastoma that occurs in only one eye is usually not inherited. Retinoblastoma that occurs in both eyes is thought to be inherited. Children who have a close family member with retinoblastoma should have regular eye exams. Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma may mean the child will need less intense treatment.
When hereditary retinoblastoma first occurs in only one eye, there is a chance it will develop later in the other eye. After diagnosis of retinoblastoma in one eye, regular follow-up exams of the healthy eye should be done every 2 to 4 months for at least 28 months. After treatment for retinoblastoma is finished, it is important that follow-up exams continue until the child is 5 years old.
Treatment for both types of retinoblastoma should include genetic counseling (a discussion with a trained professional about inherited diseases). The parents of a child with retinoblastoma should have an eye exam by an ophthalmologist (a doctor with special training in diseases of the eye) and genetic counseling about whether they should be tested for the gene that causes retinoblastoma and the risk of the child's brothers or sisters developing retinoblastoma. The child's brothers and sisters also should have regular eye exams by an ophthalmologist until age 5 years.
A child who has hereditary retinoblastoma is at risk for developing trilateral retinoblastoma and other cancers.
A child who has hereditary retinoblastoma is at risk for developing pineal tumors in the brain. This is called trilateral retinoblastoma and usually occurs more than 20 months after retinoblastoma is diagnosed. Regular screening using MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) every 6 months for 5 years may be recommended for a child with hereditary retinoblastoma or with retinoblastoma in one eye and a family history of the disease. CT scans (computerized tomography) should not be used for routine screening to avoid exposing the child to ionizing radiation. Hereditary retinoblastoma also increases the child's risk of developing other types of cancer such as bone or soft tissue sarcoma or melanoma in later years. Regular follow-up exams are important.
Possible signs of retinoblastoma include "white pupil" and eye pain or redness.
These and other symptoms may be caused by retinoblastoma. Other conditions may cause the same symptoms. Check with a doctor if your child has any of the following problems:
- Pupil of the eye appears white instead of red when light shines into it. This may be seen in flash photographs of the child.
- Eyes appear to be looking in different directions.
- Pain or redness in the eye.
Tests that examine the retina are used to detect (find) and diagnose retinoblastoma.
The following tests and procedures may be used:
- Physical exam and history: An exam of the body to check general signs of health, including checking for signs of disease, such as lumps or anything else that seems unusual. A history of the patient's health habits and past illnesses and treatments will also be taken. The doctor will ask if there is a family history of retinoblastoma.
- Eye exam with dilated pupil: An exam of the eye in which the pupil is dilated (opened wider) with medicated eyedrops to allow the doctor to look through the lens and pupil to the retina. The inside of the eye, including the retina and the optic nerve, is examined with a light. Depending on the age of the child, this exam may be done under anesthesia.
- Ultrasound exam: A procedure in which high-energy sound waves (ultrasound) are bounced off internal tissues or organs and make echoes. The echoes form a picture of body tissues called a sonogram.
- CT scan (CAT scan): A procedure that makes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, such as the eye, taken from different angles. The pictures are made by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. A dye may be injected into a vein or swallowed to help the organs or tissues show up more clearly. This procedure is also called computed tomography, computerized tomography, or computerized axial tomography.
- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): A procedure that uses a magnet, radio waves, and a computer to make a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, such as the eye. This procedure is also called nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).
Retinoblastoma is usually diagnosed without a biopsy (removal of cells or tissues so they can be viewed under a microscope to check for signs of cancer).
Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.
The prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options depend on the following:
- The stage of the cancer.
- The age of the patient.
- How likely it is that vision can be saved in one or both eyes.
- The size and number of tumors.
- Whether the patient has glaucoma.
- Whether trilateral retinoblastoma occurs.
Stages of Retinoblastoma
After retinoblastoma has been diagnosed, tests are done to find out if cancer cells have spread within the eye or to other parts of the body.
The process used to find out if cancer has spread within the eye or to other parts of the body is called staging. The information gathered from the staging process determines the stage of the disease. It is important to know the stage in order to plan treatment. The following tests and procedures may be used in the staging process:
- Eye exam with dilatedpupil: An exam of the eye in which the pupil is dilated (opened wider) with medicated eyedrops to allow the doctor to look through the lens and pupil to the retina. The inside of the eye, including the retina and the optic nerve, is examined using a light. Depending on the age of the child, this exam may be done under anesthesia.
- Ultrasound exam: A procedure in which high-energy sound waves (ultrasound) are bounced off internal tissues or organs and make echoes. The echoes form a picture of body tissues called a sonogram.
- CT scan (CAT scan): A procedure that makes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, such as the eye, taken from different angles. The pictures are made by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. A dye may be injected into a vein or swallowed to help the organs or tissues show up more clearly. This procedure is also called computed tomography, computerized tomography, or computerized axial tomography.
- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): A procedure that uses a magnet, radio waves, and a computer to make a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, such as the eye. This procedure is also called nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).
- Lumbar puncture: A procedure used to collect cerebrospinal fluid from the spinal column. This is done by placing a needle into the spinal column. This procedure is also called an LP or spinal tap. A lumbar puncture may be done if tests show that the cancer may have spread out of the eye.
- Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy: The removal of bone marrow, blood, and a small piece of bone by inserting a hollow needle into the hipbone or breastbone. A pathologist views the bone marrow, blood, and bone under a microscope to look for signs of cancer.
There are several staging systems for retinoblastoma. For treatment, retinoblastoma is classified as intraocular (within the eye) or extraocular (outside the eye).
The following stages are used for retinoblastoma:
Intraocular retinoblastoma
In intraocular retinoblastoma, cancer is found in the eye and may be only in the retina or may also be in other parts of the eye such as the choroid, ciliary body, or part of the optic nerve. Cancer has not spread to tissues around the outside of the eye or to other parts of the body.
Extraocular retinoblastoma
In extraocular retinoblastoma, cancer has spread beyond the eye. It may be found in tissues around the eye (orbital retinoblastoma) or it may have spread to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) or to other parts of the body such as the bone marrow or lymph nodes (metastatic retinoblastoma).
There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body.
The three ways that cancer spreads in the body are:
- Through tissue. Cancer invades the surrounding normal tissue.
- Through the lymph system. Cancer invades the lymph system and travels through the lymph vessels to other places in the body.
- Through the blood. Cancer invades the veins and capillaries and travels through the blood to other places in the body.
When cancer cells break away from the primary (original) tumor and travel through the lymph or blood to other places in the body, another (secondary) tumor may form. This process is called metastasis. The secondary (metastatic) tumor is the same type of cancer as the primary tumor. For example, if breast cancer spreads to the bones, the cancer cells in the bones are actually breast cancer cells. The disease is metastatic breast cancer, not bone cancer.
Recurrent Retinoblastoma
Recurrent retinoblastoma is cancer that has recurred (come back) after it has been treated. The cancer may recur in the eye, in tissues around the eye, or in other places in the body.
Treatment Option Overview
There are different types of treatment for patients with retinoblastoma.
Different types of treatment are available for patients with retinoblastoma. Some treatments are standard (the currently used treatment), and some are being tested in clinical trials. A treatment clinical trial is a research study meant to help improve current treatments or obtain information on new treatments for patients with cancer. When clinical trials show that a new treatment is better than the standard treatment, the new treatment may become the standard treatment.
Because cancer in children is rare, taking part in a clinical trial should be considered. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment.
Children with retinoblastoma should have their treatment planned by a team of health care providers who are experts in treating cancer in children.
Treatment will be overseen by a pediatric oncologist, a doctor who specializes in treating children with cancer. The pediatric oncologist works with other health care providers who are experts in treating children with eye cancer and who specialize in certain areas of medicine. These may include a pediatric ophthalmologist (children's eye doctor) who has a lot of experience in treating retinoblastoma and the following specialists:
- Pediatric surgeon.
- Pediatric hematologist.
- Radiation oncologist.
- Neurologist.
- Pediatric nurse specialist.
- Rehabilitation specialist.
- Psychologist.
- Social workers.
- Geneticist.
Some cancer treatments cause side effects months or years after treatment has ended.
Side effects from cancer treatment that begin during or after treatment and continue for months or years are called late effects. Late effects of cancer treatment may include the following:
- Physical problems such as problems with seeing clearly.
- Changes in mood, feelings, thinking, learning, or memory.
- Second cancers (new types of cancer).
Some late effects may be treated or controlled. It is important to talk with your child's doctors about the effects cancer treatment can have on your child. (See the PDQ summary on Late Effects of Treatment for Childhood Cancer for more information.)
Children with the inherited form of retinoblastoma have an increased risk of developing second cancers. Children, especially those younger than 12 years, who have been treated for retinoblastoma with radiation therapy have a risk of developing second cancers. Regular follow-up by health professionals who are expert in finding and treating late effects is important.
Five types of standard treatment are used:
Enucleation is surgery to remove the eye and part of the optic nerve. The eye will be checked with a microscope to see if there are any signs that the cancer is likely to spread to other parts of the body. This is done if the tumor is large and there is little or no chance that vision can be saved. The patient will be fitted for an artificial eye after this surgery. Close follow-up is needed for 2 years or more to check the other eye and to check for signs of recurrence in the area around the eye.
Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. There are two types of radiation therapy. External radiation therapy uses a machine outside the body to send radiation toward the cancer. Internal radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance sealed in needles, seeds, wires, plaques, or catheters that are placed directly into or near the cancer. The way the radiation therapy is given depends on the type and stage of the cancer being treated. Methods of radiation therapy used to treat retinoblastoma include the following:
- Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT): A type of 3-dimensional (3-D) radiation therapy that uses a computer to make pictures of the size and shape of the tumor. Thin beams of radiation of different intensities (strengths) are aimed at the tumor from many angles. This type of radiation therapy causes less damage to healthy tissue near the tumor.
- Stereotactic radiation therapy: Radiation therapy that uses a rigid head frame attached to the skull to aim high-dose radiation beams directly at the tumors, causing less damage to nearby healthy tissue. It is also called stereotactic external-beam radiation and stereotaxic radiation therapy.
- Proton beam radiation therapy: Radiation therapy that uses protons made by a special machine. A proton is a type of high-energy radiation that is different from an x-ray.
- Plaque radiotherapy: Radioactive seeds are attached to one side of a disk, called a plaque, and placed directly on the outside wall of the eye near the tumor. The side of the plaque with the seeds on it faces the eyeball, aiming radiation at the tumor. The plaque helps protect other nearby tissue from the radiation.
Plaque radiotherapy of the eye. A type of radiation therapy used to treat eye tumors. Radioactive seeds are placed on one side of a thin piece of metal (usually gold) called a plaque. The plaque is sewn onto the outside wall of the eye. The seeds give off radiation which kills the cancer. The plaque is removed at the end of treatment, which usually lasts for several days.
Cryotherapy is a treatment that uses an instrument to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue, such as carcinoma in situ. This type of treatment is also called cryosurgery.
Thermotherapy is the use of heat to destroy cancer cells. Thermotherapy may be given using a laser beam aimed through the dilated pupil or onto the outside of the eyeball. Thermotherapy may be used alone for small tumors or combined with chemotherapy for larger tumors. This type of treatment is also called laser therapy.
Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. When chemotherapy is taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle, the drugs enter the bloodstream and can reach cancer cells throughout the body (systemic chemotherapy). When chemotherapy is placed directly into the cerebrospinal fluid, an organ (such as the eye), or a body cavity such as the abdomen, the drugs mainly affect cancer cells in those areas (regional chemotherapy). The way the chemotherapy is given depends on the type and stage of the cancer being treated.
Subtenon chemotherapy may also be used to treat some types of retinoblastoma. Subtenon chemotherapy is the use of drugs injected through the membrane covering the muscles and nerves at the back of the eyeball. This is a type of regional chemotherapy. It is usually combined with systemic chemotherapy and local treatment (such as radiation therapy, cryotherapy, or thermotherapy).
A form of chemotherapy called chemoreduction may be used to treat some types of retinoblastoma. Chemoreduction reduces the size of the tumor so it may be treated with local treatment (such as radiation therapy, cryotherapy, or thermotherapy).
See Drugs Approved for Retinoblastoma for more information.
New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials.
This summary section describes treatments that are being studied in clinical trials. It may not mention every new treatment being studied. Information about clinical trials is available from the NCI Web site.
Ophthalmic arterial infusion therapy
Ophthalmic arterial infusion therapy is a type of regional chemotherapy used to deliver anticancer drugs directly to the eye. A catheter is put into an artery that leads to the eye and the anticancer drug is given through the catheter. During this treatment, a small balloon may be inserted into the artery to block it and keep most of the anticancer drug trapped near the tumor.
High-dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue
High-dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue is a way of giving high doses of chemotherapy and replacing blood -forming cells destroyed by the cancer treatment. Stem cells (immature blood cells) are removed from the blood or bone marrow of the patient or a donor and are frozen and stored. After the chemotherapy is completed, the stored stem cells are thawed and given back to the patient through an infusion. These reinfused stem cells grow into (and restore) the body's blood cells.
Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial.
For some patients, taking part in a clinical trial may be the best treatment choice. Clinical trials are part of the cancer research process. Clinical trials are done to find out if new cancer treatments are safe and effective or better than the standard treatment.
Many of today's standard treatments for cancer are based on earlier clinical trials. Patients who take part in a clinical trial may receive the standard treatment or be among the first to receive a new treatment.
Patients who take part in clinical trials also help improve the way cancer will be treated in the future. Even when clinical trials do not lead to effective new treatments, they often answer important questions and help move research forward.
Patients can enter clinical trials before, during, or after starting their cancer treatment.
Some clinical trials only include patients who have not yet received treatment. Other trials test treatments for patients whose cancer has not gotten better. There are also clinical trials that test new ways to stop cancer from recurring (coming back) or reduce the side effects of cancer treatment.
Clinical trials are taking place in many parts of the country. See the Treatment Options section that follows for links to current treatment clinical trials. These have been retrieved from NCI's listing of clinical trials.
Follow-up tests may be needed.
Some of the tests that were done to diagnose the cancer or to find out the stage of the cancer may be repeated. Some tests will be repeated in order to see how well the treatment is working. Decisions about whether to continue, change, or stop treatment may be based on the results of these tests. This is sometimes called re-staging.
Some of the tests will continue to be done from time to time after treatment has ended. The results of these tests can show if your child's condition has changed or if the cancer has recurred (come back). These tests are sometimes called follow-up tests or check-ups.
Treatment Options for Retinoblastoma
A link to a list of current clinical trials is included for each treatment section. For some types or stages of cancer, there may not be any trials listed. Check with your child's doctor for clinical trials that are not listed here but may be right for your child.
Intraocular Retinoblastoma
If the cancer is in one or both eyes and it is expected that vision can be saved, treatment may include one or more of the following:
- External-beam radiation therapy or plaque radiotherapy .
- Cryotherapy with or without chemotherapy.
- Thermotherapy.
- Chemotherapy (chemoreduction).
- A clinical trial of intensity-modulated radiation therapy, stereotactic radiotherapy, or proton beam radiation therapy.
- A clinical trial of ophthalmic arterial infusion therapy.
For large tumors in one or both eyes, treatment may include the following:
- Enucleation. Chemotherapy may be given to shrink the tumor before surgery or after surgery to lower the risk that the cancer will spread to other parts of the body.
Other treatments for cancer in both eyes include the following:
- Chemotherapy (chemoreduction) followed by local treatment such as cryotherapy, thermotherapy, or plaque radiotherapy. This may be done if there is a chance to save vision in both eyes.
- Subtenon chemotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy and local treatment.
- A clinical trial of new combinations of chemotherapy and other treatments to the eye.
Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI's list of cancer clinical trials that are now accepting patients with intraocular retinoblastoma. For more specific results, refine the search by using other search features, such as the location of the trial, the type of treatment, or the name of the drug. General information about clinical trials is available from the NCI Web site.
Extraocular Retinoblastoma
There is no standard treatment for extraocular retinoblastoma. Treatment may include combinations of the following:
- Chemotherapy.
- Radiation therapy.
- Surgery.
For retinoblastoma that has spread to the area around the eye, treatment may be the following:
- Systemic chemotherapy followed by surgery (enucleation). More chemotherapy and radiation therapy may be given after surgery.
For retinoblastoma that has spread to the brain, treatment may be the following:
- Chemotherapy.
- Radiation therapy to the brain and spinal cord.
For trilateral retinoblastoma, treatment may include the following:
- Chemotherapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell rescue.
For retinoblastoma that has spread to other parts of the body, treatment may be the following:
- High-dose chemotherapy and stem cell rescue.
- A clinical trial of chemotherapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue and/or radiation therapy.
Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI's list of cancer clinical trials that are now accepting patients with extraocular retinoblastoma. For more specific results, refine the search by using other search features, such as the location of the trial, the type of treatment, or the name of the drug. General information about clinical trials is available from the NCI Web site.
Recurrent Retinoblastoma
If the cancer is small and in the eye only, treatment is usually local therapy, which may include the following:
- Plaque radiotherapy.
- Cryotherapy.
- Thermotherapy.
If the cancer around the eye is large and the eye has been removed, treatment is usually the following:
- Chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy.
If the cancer comes back outside of the eye, treatment will depend on many things and may be within a clinical trial, which may be the following:
- Chemotherapy combined with high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell rescue with radiation therapy.
Check for U.S. clinical trials from NCI's list of cancer clinical trials that are now accepting patients with recurrent retinoblastoma. For more specific results, refine the search by using other search features, such as the location of the trial, the type of treatment, or the name of the drug. General information about clinical trials is available from the NCI Web site.
To Learn More About Childhood Cancer
For more information from the National Cancer Institute about the treatment of retinoblastoma, see the following:
- Retinoblastoma Home Page
- Drugs Approved for Retinoblastoma
- Biological Therapies for Cancer: Questions and Answers
- Gene Therapy for Cancer: Questions and Answers
For more childhood cancer information and other general cancer resources, see the following:
- What You Need to Know About™ Cancer
- Childhood Cancers
- CureSearch for Children's Cancer
- Late Effects of Treatment for Childhood Cancer
- Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer
- Young People with Cancer: A Handbook for Parents
- Care for Children and Adolescents with Cancer
- Understanding Cancer Series: Cancer
- Cancer Staging
- Coping with Cancer: Supportive and Palliative Care
- Questions to Ask Your Doctor About Cancer
- Cancer Library
- Information for Survivors/Caregivers/Advocates
Changes to This Summary (03 / 07 / 2013)
The PDQ cancer information summaries are reviewed regularly and updated as new information becomes available. This section describes the latest changes made to this summary as of the date above.
Editorial changes were made to this summary.
Get More Information From NCI
Call 1-800-4-CANCER
For more information, U.S. residents may call the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) Cancer Information Service toll-free at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) Monday through Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Time. A trained Cancer Information Specialist is available to answer your questions.
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The NCI's LiveHelp® online chat service provides Internet users with the ability to chat online with an Information Specialist. The service is available from 8:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. Eastern time, Monday through Friday. Information Specialists can help Internet users find information on NCI Web sites and answer questions about cancer.
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Search the NCI Web site
The NCI Web site provides online access to information on cancer, clinical trials, and other Web sites and organizations that offer support and resources for cancer patients and their families. For a quick search, use the search box in the upper right corner of each Web page. The results for a wide range of search terms will include a list of "Best Bets," editorially chosen Web pages that are most closely related to the search term entered.
There are also many other places to get materials and information about cancer treatment and services. Hospitals in your area may have information about local and regional agencies that have information on finances, getting to and from treatment, receiving care at home, and dealing with problems related to cancer treatment.
Find Publications
The NCI has booklets and other materials for patients, health professionals, and the public. These publications discuss types of cancer, methods of cancer treatment, coping with cancer, and clinical trials. Some publications provide information on tests for cancer, cancer causes and prevention, cancer statistics, and NCI research activities. NCI materials on these and other topics may be ordered online or printed directly from the NCI Publications Locator. These materials can also be ordered by telephone from the Cancer Information Service toll-free at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
About PDQ
PDQ is a comprehensive cancer database available on NCI's Web site.
PDQ is the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) comprehensive cancer information database. Most of the information contained in PDQ is available online at NCI's Web site. PDQ is provided as a service of the NCI. The NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health, the federal government's focal point for biomedical research.
PDQ contains cancer information summaries.
The PDQ database contains summaries of the latest published information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment, supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine. Most summaries are available in two versions. The health professional versions provide detailed information written in technical language. The patient versions are written in easy-to-understand, nontechnical language. Both versions provide current and accurate cancer information.
Images in the PDQ summaries are used with permission of the author(s), artist, and/or publisher for use within the PDQ summaries only. Permission to use images outside the context of PDQ information must be obtained from the owner(s) and cannot be granted by the National Cancer Institute. Information about using the illustrations in the PDQ summaries, along with many other cancer-related images, are available in Visuals Online, a collection of over 2,000 scientific images.
The PDQ cancer information summaries are developed by cancer experts and reviewed regularly.
Editorial Boards made up of experts in oncology and related specialties are responsible for writing and maintaining the cancer information summaries. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made as new information becomes available. The date on each summary ("Date Last Modified") indicates the time of the most recent change.
PDQ also contains information on clinical trials.
A clinical trial is a study to answer a scientific question, such as whether one treatment is better than another. Trials are based on past studies and what has been learned in the laboratory. Each trial answers certain scientific questions in order to find new and better ways to help cancer patients. During treatment clinical trials, information is collected about the effects of a new treatment and how well it works. If a clinical trial shows that a new treatment is better than one currently being used, the new treatment may become "standard." In the United States, about two-thirds of children with cancer are treated in a clinical trial at some point in their illness.
Listings of clinical trials are included in PDQ and are available online at NCI's Web site. Descriptions of the trials are available in health professional and patient versions. For additional help in locating a childhood cancer clinical trial, call the Cancer Information Service at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
The PDQ database contains listings of groups specializing in clinical trials.
The Children's Oncology Group (COG) is the major group that organizes clinical trials for childhood cancers in the United States. Information about contacting COG is available on the NCI Web site or from the Cancer Information Service at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
Last Revised: 2013-03-07
If you want to know more about cancer and how it is treated, or if you wish to know about clinical trials for your type of cancer, you can call the NCI's Cancer Information Service at 1-800-422-6237, toll free. A trained information specialist can talk with you and answer your questions.
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Refrigerator Replacement Rebate
Get a $50 rebate from Seattle City Light when you buy a new energy-efficient, ENERGY STAR qualified refrigerator and recycle your replaced unit.
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History: International Society for Ethical Psychology and Psychiatry
For any version listed below, click on its date to view it. For more help, see Help:Page history.
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