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August 18, 2011
Robert Sellers
Texas A&M's impending move to the Southeastern Conference will have its greatest impact not on those on the current roster but rather those prospects who will be enrolling for the fall of 2012. That's because they may well be the first of what will be many classes that will spend their entire careers playing in the SEC and will never know what it's like to play a down in the Big 12. One of the most acclaimed commitments in that class is running back Trey Williams, ranked as one of the top 25 prospects in the country by Rivals.com and someone who turned down the likes of SEC programs such as Auburn and LSU to attend Texas A&M."Of course I was shocked some when I heard it," said the Rivals four star running back. "That is a good level of competition over there in the SEC so I am excited."Although Williams sees the move as a step up in competition level, it's a step up he thinks is a means to an end."Your going to have competition no matter where you are," he said. "It is really just getting you ready for the NFL though. I am definitely ready for it though. I am just ready to compete that's what I like to do. Wherever it is, that's where I am going to be."Another thing on the mind of the speedy back is the wear and tear a running back's body takes when you play against the competition level found in the SEC."What I look at is the life of some of the running backs in the SEC," said Williams. "You see a lot of running backs getting injured over there so I have to prepare myself to withstand the level of hits that come with playing there."Williams also thinks it will take his future school's recruiting to an even bigger national reach that it already has."I think it is going to make recruiting even better for A&M," he said. "They are going to be able to get the top athletes in the country to take a look at them and they are going to get even better."While the drama plays out at his future destination, Williams and his current teammates have been busy preparing for the upcoming season."Practice has been pretty good so far," we are getting out there early and have been getting good practices in and working well as a team. We're not looking too bad, I think we'll be ready for the season."The 5 foot 10, 175 pound Williams has rushed for approximately 4,000 yards in his career despite his team failing to make the playoffs each of his two seasons on the varsity. He has also scored 38 tocuhdowns in 20 games. ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now!
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text: This alien doesn't come in peace! In fact he wants to make your Halloween as scary as possible! The Life Sized Alien Leader is a full length alien designed with a torso and head. The torso is designed with a long white cloak that is designed with black details and a high black collar. The head is a blue large round alien head with evil glowing blue eyes and pointy white ears. Simply, prop this Alien up and watch as all the humans scream with terror!

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Even Tiger Lily would be jealous when you show up to the parade in this Native American Girl Child Costume. Each package includes a faux suede top and skort. The sandy brown short-sleeved top has a moderate v-neckline lined with an elaborate colored design and printed straw fringe. The skort falls to just above the knee and has a wrap-panel to disguise the pant legs beneath. There is a long fringe along the sleeves, pants, and hemline of the shirt. Native Americans are well-known for their peaceful way of life and cooperative lifestyle. Put on this costume, gather your friends in a powwow, and figure out the plan for trick-or-treating on Halloween this year! Don't leave your wigwam unprepared—bring along a Native American Spear, a Drum Rattle, and an Indian Girl Child's Wig, sold separately here.
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Denison Sustainable Food Orientation offers an opportunity to work on projects such as harvesting, preserving (canning, drying, freezing), repairing and building trails, and managing farm animals, and forming bonds and friendships. It allows for up to 18 members of the incoming class and 3 to 5 faculty/staff leaders to practice sustainable farming by living and working on the The Flying J Farm, a sustainable farm located 20 minutes from Denison.
The Document Finder is a one-stop shop for forms, policies and publications that may be used by faculty, staff, students, alumni, vendors, parents, and prospective students. They are sorted several ways for your convenience—alphabetically and by category.


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January 11, 2012
Marc Givler
While the next few weeks will mostly be spent wrapping up the 2012 recruiting class, it's definitely not too early to start talking about the 2013 crop. Urban Meyer and his staff have started peppering the nation with offers to elite junior prospects. Though there are still nearly 13 months until National Signing Day for the class, the picture is starting to become clearer about which targets will be the major keys to a strong haul in 2013. Below, we start this two part series with a position-by-position look at some of the key targets on the offensive side of the football. Quarterbacks (Need: 1-2)The quarterback position will be of the utmost importance to Ohio State in the 2013 class. The Buckeyes have a star in the making in Braxton Miller but not much along the lines of proven commodities behind him. Ideally, Ohio State could land two excellent signal callers in the class, however the toughest thing to do in a recruiting class is to land two big-time quarterbacks so getting at least one will be critical. Early on, a pair of in-state prospects are getting the most attention in Kettering Archbishop Alter product Malik Zaire and Kent Roosevelt's Tra'von Chapman. Zaire holds an offer from Ohio State and lists the Buckeyes along with Wisconsin among his top two. A lefty, Zaire is a tremendous athlete with a big arm. Zaire throws a pretty ball and can really spin it and fit it into tight spaces. The early question about Zaire is the type of offense he has played in, Alter is primarily a triple-option team (with some shotgun mixed in) so Zaire doesn't get much of an opportunity to air it out. When he does, however, Zaire has shown the ability to make all of the throws and will only need to work on shortening his delivery. For Chapman, the outstanding talent burst onto the scene this year by putting up nearly 3,000 yards passing and over 500 yards rushing in Roosevelt's spread offense. Chapman has a quick release and can really spot the deep ball well. Chapman is also well built with a strong lower body and can handle carrying the football between the tackles. The Buckeyes have not yet offered Chapman but the interest has increased tremendously in recent weeks. While some other national candidates will certainly emerge on the Ohio State radar, landing one of these two would be good news for Ohio State fans, landing both would be almost a dream scenario. Running Backs (Need: 1) By landing two good backs in the 2012 class, Meyer and company are in a great position to be picky in the 2013 class. The depth chart is in good hands for the foreseeable future which means the Buckeyes have the luxury of only going after the cream of the crop nationally. Ohio State has been very aggressive with its offers to running backs early on in the process. The Buckeyes have offers out to six national level prospects at the position, five from the Southeastern part of the United States. At the moment, the most realistic of the group seems to be Richmond (Va.) Hermitage product Derrick Green. Green has camped at Ohio State the last two years and is the former teammate of current linebacker Curtis Grant. Green has consistently listed the Buckeyes among his top schools and they should be in the thick of this race until the very end. While the other five offered backs (Ty Isaac, Ryan Green, Greg Bryant, Keyante Green, and Adam Lane) should all be considered long shots, you can never count out Meyer in recruiting, especially in Florida. Landing any of the above six prospects would be a home run. Wide Receivers (Need: 2-3) With Meyer's spread offense coming to town, depth at the receiver position becomes even more important as Meyer is willing to rotate up to 6-7 receivers in and out of the game if he has enough playmakers at the position. Without knowing what the final verdict is going to be in the 2012 class, the number for this position in 2013 is very fluid at the moment but there is no question that Meyer is looking to add more speed to the position. Early, six receivers around the nation are claiming Ohio State verbal offers. In Ohio, the key target is Cleveland Heights speedster Shelton Gibson. Gibson is the No. 6 ranked player in Ohio in the BuckeyeGrove.com class of 2013 rankings and is one of the most electric receivers to come out of the state in recent years. Meyer has made a big impression on Gibson, who was all set to commit to Auburn about six weeks ago, and now Ohio State will be in a battle with the Tigers for Gibson's services. The Buckeyes have already offered three prospects out of the state of Florida in Travis Johnson, Richard Benjamin, and Jordan Cunningham. While all three will be tough pulls, the Buckeyes appear to be in the best shape with Johnson who lists Ohio State among his early favorites. At 6-foot-4, 204-pounds, Johnson is an interesting prospect because of his size and physical nature. As he fills out, he could turn into a WR/TE hybrid which is the type of player that Meyer has always liked to use in his offense to create mismatches. Another big target to keep an eye on is Monaca (Pa.) Central Valley star Robert Foster. The 6-foot-3, 170-pound prospect already holds offers from some of the nation's top programs, including the Buckeyes. Foster didn't seem to be too enamored with Ohio State before the Meyer hire but things have moved in a more positive direction recently to the point where he could be a legitimate target. Tight Ends (Need: 1-2) One position where Ohio State fans are going to have to make an adjustment in how they view things is the tight end position. Meyer's spread offense will see a lot of passes thrown to tight ends and because of that; there will likely be a greater number of tight ends on the roster moving forward. The Buckeyes will lose two tight ends after next season but should still have three on the roster when the 2013 class hits campus. Still, if they can land two big-timers at the position, they will likely take both. So far, only one offer has went out at the position and it came on Tuesday afternoon to Camp Hill (Pa.) Cedar Cliff product Adam Breneman. The 6-foot-5, 220-pound prospect will be right at or near the top of the list of best tight ends in the nation for the 2013 class. Ohio State will have some stiff competition to land Breneman who is quickly picking up offers from just about every major college power east of the Mississippi River. The other big target at the position right now is Naples (Fla.) Barron Collier product Mike Heuerman. Heuerman is the younger brother of current Ohio State tight end Jeff Heuerman but is a different type of player than his brother. Heuerman is the type of tight end that can split out wide and stretch the field and is a great fit for what Meyer typically wants to do on offense with the tight ends. If offered, Ohio State would move right near the top of Heuerman's list. In Ohio, the top tight end prospect right now is Pickerington North product Jake Butt. The 6-foot-6, 220-pounder is another highly regarded prospect that fits in well with Meyer's system. If the Buckeyes offer an in-state guy at the position, this would appear to be the guy at the top of the list. Butt is also an excellent defensive end prospect.Offensive Tackles (Need: 2-3) This is another position where things are very fluid and will depend on how the 2012 crop finishes out. It is no secret that there is a shortage of pure tackles on the Ohio State roster right now and that won't be fixed in just the 2012 class but will take back-to-back strong hauls to shore up. Early on, Ohio State has handed out three verbal offers at the position, two of which are to prospects from the state of Illinois in Logan Tuley-Tillman and Ethan Pocic. Pocic was just offered on Tuesday evening and the Buckeyes joined an offer list that includes just about every single school in the Midwest. With the offer coming less than 24 hours ago, it's too early to tell where Ohio State stands with Pocic but Meyer and company will certainly put on the full court press. With Tuley-Tillman, the early word is that the athletic tackle is a Michigan lean. With offers from all over the country, Tuley-Tillman will not be an easy pull but just like with Pocic, that won't prevent Meyer and his staff from doing everything they can to get his attention. The third tackle that has been offered is Celina (Tex.) product Jake Raulerson. Raulerson has an interesting connection to Columbus as his Mom travels to Ohio's capital regularly on business. Pulling prospects out of Texas is about as tough as it gets but the Buckeyes will have a puncher's chance in this race. Evaluations are still going on in the state of Ohio at the offensive tackle position but Centerville product Evan Lisle is a name that every Midwest recruiting fan should have in mind. Lisle is big, physical, smart, and athletic and still has plenty of room to go before reaching his ceiling. Offensive Guards and Centers (Need: 1-2) Though not as dire of a need as tackles, it is important to bring in quality linemen in every single recruiting cycle. With plenty of guards on the roster already, this will definitely be an area where Ohio State can be very selective in the 2013 class. So far, the Buckeyes have not yet offered an interior offensive lineman in the class and there has not been a ton of buzz around many prospects at the position. In Ohio, Cincinnati Moeller's Alex Gall has drawn plenty of attention from college programs, including Ohio State. Gall plays tackle for Moeller but is not really a tall, long-armed athlete and is likely headed for guard at the next level. Staying in Ohio, Springboro's Sean Welsh is another player that has impressed early on and will draw some nice offers before all is said and done. Yet another Southwest Ohio prospect to keep an eye on is Cincinnati Colerain's Dylan Wiesman. Wiesman is in the Alex Gall mold in that he plays tackle for his high school team but will almost surely move inside at the next level. Overall, this is one area where a lot of prospects will start to emerge over the spring and summer. Athletes (Need:1-2) Meyer's offense has always thrived on having versatile players at the skill positions, guys who can lineup in multiple spots, whether it's the slot, split out wide, playing running back, or taking shotgun snaps out of the wildcat. In the 2013 class, the guy who best fits that mold is electric Middletown (Ohio) athlete Jalin Marshall. There is no question that Marshall is right near the top of any Ohio State fan's wish list for the 2013 class and Marshall is getting the full court press from the Ohio State coaching staff. While the position is still in question, Marshall is a player that simply makes things happen and puts the ball in the end zone and the Buckeyes will do everything in their power to secure a commitment from Ohio's No. 2 overall prospect.
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this wiki
It's the 300th episode spectacular, just kidding. Wile Ash preps up for his rematch with Brawly, Corphish pinches the ears of a Loudred, causing it to scream. Corphish, along with Pikachu, Silcoon, Torchic, Lotad and Mudkip get lost and soon they encounter a tribe of Nuzleaf. Can Ash and co. find their Pokémon before it's too late?
Ash has finished his training, so the gang ventures inside the cave. Ash's Corphish goes inside a tunnel and pinches a Loudred's ear, making it screaming in pain. Brock's Forretress uses Rapid Spin to make an opening in a wall for everyone to escape, but May loses her Silcoon, so Pikachu and others go to find it. Loudred digs a hole to escape, making Ash, Brock, May and Max free of its sound, but they wonder where have their Pokémon gone to.
Pikachu finds Silcoon, but cannot grab it, so Corpish goes to grab it, but they all fall down the river. The stream gets them to a waterfall and they fall down, but trees make their fall much softer, except for Corpish who stuck in the ground. Pikachu tries to free it, but Treecko pounds Corpish with its tail, setting it free. Corphish takes that as an insult so they argue, but Pikachu and Mudkip tries to calm them down. Treecko and Corpish then calm down, shaking their hands and claws. They go to find their trainers.
Taillow and Forretress are the only Pokémon left with the gang, s they go to search for their missing Pokémon. Team Rocket explores the tunnels, thinking one of them has something to get them out of the cave, but nobody has thought of it. Jessie's Wobbuffet leaves its Poké Ball, standing on a Loudred. The Loudred awakes and uses sonic attacks to blast them off.
The Pokémon continue the search, but Corphish finds some mushrooms to eat. Pikachu stops him, warning him that he'll get poisoned if he ate them. Mudkip finds some other fruit to eat. Corphish eats the cherries, but he cannot swallow them, so Treecko pounds him so he may drop the remaining one. While they go, a Nuzleaf is looking over them. The Pokémon get tired when the Nuzleaf sings. Treecko realizes they have been walking in a circle and see the Nuzleaf laughing.
Treecko attacks Nuzleaf, but it dodges. Corpish attacks Nuzleaf as well, but the leaf on its head has been cut, so he calls for some backup. The gang searches for the Pokémon and the Pokémon its trainers. Corphish sees some fruit tied to a rope and he grabs, but he is grabbed as well. Lotad relaxes in water, but he is captured. Treecko looks behind to see where others are, but even he is captured. Torchic stops to look at some beautiful flowers, but gets captured. Pikachu stops to hear, but a Nuzleaf takes the Silcoon.
Taillow has found Pikachu and Mudkip running. The others have been captured by Nuzleaf, being to be torched by flames the Nuzleaf are making. Treecko pounds the cage to get them free. Corpish uses Crabammer, but even that isn't helping. Team Rocket see the situation and see Pikachu and Mudkup arrive. Mudkip tries to reason with Nuzleaf, but they get captured by Team Rocket, along with Pikachu.
The Nuzleaf and Pikachu attempt to get free, but no use. Mudkip tries to get the others free using Water Gun, but it fails to do so. Forretress uses Rapid Spin and Taillow Quick Attack to set them free. Corphish uses Claw Hammer on Ash, making him come to Team Rocket's balloon. Despite the knot, Ash bites it, setting the Nuzleaf free. James brings Cacnea and it uses Pin Missile, but it damages the mechanical arm, setting Pikachu free.
Nuzleaf and Ash's friends use the net that held Nuzleaf, so Ash jumps onto the net, landing safely. Treecko pounds Corphish and Corphish uses Bubble Beam to destroy the balloon. Corpish falls and lands on Treecko's tail. Ash, Max, May and Brock are surprised that Nuzleaf are so welcoming to their Pokémon.
- Featured Pokémon: Treecko
- This episode is a milestone because it is the 300th episode made.


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Weddings Blog
Welcome to the Weddings Blog
To speak to a representative about holding your celebration at Skamania Lodge, contact Talia Sanderson via Email: email@example.com, phone: 509-427-2515, or fill out our Event Planning Form.
Skamania Lodge Presents the Post-Wedding "Survivors Brunch"
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For Christmas, Better Half gave me this:
It makes a lot more sense when removed from its case. Also, it tends to be somewhat energetic about the whole "removing" thing:
(The sides are held up by metal bands which are wrapped around themselves for packaging – if you do not expect it, it can be… interesting. )
Which allows me to take photos like this:


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May 6, 2016
A university's poll of North Carolina residents finds President Barack Obama and Democrats are persuasive when they say millionaires should pay higher taxes.
The Elon Poll released Friday found that two-thirds of the people polled support raising taxes on Americans with incomes over $1 million per year, an idea Democrats have floated to pay for job stimulus and debt reduction. Nearly three out of 10 oppose the millionaire's surtax, while few are left undecided.
The poll has a sampling error margin of 4 percentage points.
The survey of 529 North Carolina adults was conducted between Sunday and Wednesday. Pollsters questioned participants who were at home and using either land-line or cell phones.
The poll does not measure eligible or likely voters, but takes a snapshot of general public opinion.
(Copyright 2011 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)
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this wiki
The Tkon Empire was a massive empire that existed over 600,000 years ago. This empire was located in the Alpha Quadrant. The Empire had a population of trillions and was incredibly advanced technologically. The Tkon had the ability to move entire star systems, using planets as outposts for defense. Their empire collapsed not long after the Age of Makto, when the central star of their home system went supernova.
The Empire employed guardians known as portals to defend its outposts and to act as gatekeepers for those seeking entry to the Empire. At least one such guardian, Portal 63, survived and was encountered by the Federation starship USS Enterprise-D on a planet in the Delphi Ardu system in 2364. This occasion was the first instance of contact with the extinct Tkon.
Beyond some information regarding planets in the Empire and an understanding of their script and some of their history, little is known of the Tkon by the Federation. Even students of archeology such as Jean-Luc Picard had limited knowledge in the 24th century. (TNG: "The Last Outpost")
According to Terry J. Erdmann's Star Trek: Deep Space Nine Companion, the writers of the episode "To the Death" mistakenly referred to the Iconians as the Tkon causing the art department to design and produce sets based on graphics seen in "The Last Outpost". The error was discovered not long before shooting took place and corrected.
In the Star Trek: The Next Generation - Q Continuum novels, it is revealed that the Tkon Empire was destroyed after the being called 0, having "tested" the Tkon for the past few decades by inciting a civil war between the central Tkon homeworld and its outer colonies over the cost and effort necessary for the 'Great Endeavour'- a plan to replace their dying sun with a completely new star- triggered the collapse of their sun in a fit of pique after they survived his efforts and completed the Great Endeavour on schedule. This action resulted in 0's banishment from the galaxy by the Q Continuum, as well as the creation of the galactic barrier to prevent him ever returning. This also reveals that the Tkon were master solar engineers; at the moment when 0 triggered the destruction of their sun, they were about to teleport it completely out of their solar system, simultaneously replacing it with a new, fresh one, Q noting that the transporter array they were going to use to move the fresh star still exists in the present and recommending that Picard salvage it once he returns to his own time before someone else does.


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KBDD International T-REX 450 Pro 61mm Neon Tail Blades (Yellow)
This is a set of two yellow K&B Dream Designs Pro 61mm Neon Tail Blades, and are intended for use with the Align T-REX 450 size helicopter. K&B Dream Designs Helicopter tail blades are created using a complex combination of materials which provide the perfect mix of strength and flexibility. The blades have a very large surface area, yet weigh very little. The colorant is made to specifications and is mixed as the blade is created. The color completely permiates the blade, and is not painted or applied. All similarly sized blades are the same weight, allowing the user to customize their tail rotor colors as desired.
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March 6, 2012
Adam Gorney
Rivals.com Football Recruiting
Because so much is happening for Kenny Lacy, the Phoenix (Ariz.) Mountain Pointe offensive tackle has decided to really remain patient in his recruitment and the four-star said he doesn't plan to make his commitment until after his senior season. ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now!
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The Prospector - Park City's best hotel value, located close to the three ski resorts, in the heart of Park City.
Skiing, shopping, and entertainment – The Prospector Lodge, an official venue of the Sundance Film Festival, is in the midst of it all.
The Prospector offers several lodging options. Whether you need a one bedroom studio, studio loft or three bedroom unit, we have a room to fit your family.


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DETROIT (www.incnow.tv) - Ball State is picked to finish third in the Mid-American Conference West football race, coach Pete Lembo says that means nothing.
Lembo says it will be the continuity of the program and his players picking things up where they left off last season when the Cards won nine game and made a bowl game.
And they also know they can be better and will strive to get there when fall camp opens, with attention being given to filling holes on special teams and being better on defense.
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text: Save on your weekly grocery bill with grocery coupons, either printable coupons or online coupons. Find great deals on more than just food coupons with free shipping offers, grill coupons, a wine coupon and everyday great savings for your kitchen. Search for a coupon by store, like a Walmart coupon, or search for a variety of 2013 printable coupons. Add on cash back and find gift card deals to stretch your buying power.


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Category:Calendar day templates
From OrthodoxWiki
Each template in this category is dedicated to a particular date. They are used by the calendar day articles for the same dates. The templates are also used to display the Today's feasts information on the Main Page.
See: OrthodoxWiki:Style Manual (Church Calendar)
Pages in category "Calendar day templates"
The following 183 pages are in this category, out of 366 total.(previous 200) (next 200)
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Holiday Gift Guide: Gadgets and Personal Tech
12 great gadget gift ideas for your holiday tech wish list.
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Products Details
Rocky Mountain Hardware SHR 206
STORM SHOWER• Shown with the K235 Cross knob, Temperature control with L117 French lever and SHR206 Storm Head.
• Shown in white bronze, light patina.
• Choice of handle and finish are included in price. Upcharge applies for K150.
• Temperature Control Valve is supplied with integral stops.
• Temperature Control Trim is designed with anti-scald protection button.
Rocky Mountain Hardware highly recommends selecting Bronze Light (BL), Bronze Brushed (BBB),White Light (WL) or White Brushed (WBB) finishes for this product. Other patinas are available; however, they are living finishes and will change with time, touch, and use.
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There are 46 results - Show results on a map Print this page
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Built in 1859 this splendid Victorian Gothic mansion is enviably situated in extensive grounds that lead down to the Thames. All bedrooms are spacious, beautifully furnished and many enjoy river views...More about The Oakley Court
Located just a short walk from the town centre, a warm welcome is assured at Quarters. Stylishly decorated bedrooms are well equipped and spacious. A hearty breakfast is served around the communal din...More about Quarters
Situated just 50 yards from the water's edge, this hotel retains the character and much of the architecture of its former life as a brewery. Food, and naturally wine, take on a strong focus here and g...More about Hotel du Vin Henley-on-Thames
Set in 65 acres of elevated grounds just 45 minutes from central London and 30 minutes from Heathrow, this hotel enjoys spectacular views across the River Thames. Impressive public rooms include the c...More about Danesfield House Hotel & Spa
The Wee Waif can be found on the outskirts of Reading and has easy access to the transport network. The lodge-style accommodation is appointed with guest comfort in mind. All-day dining is available f...More about The Wee Waif
Dating in part to 1135, this charming coaching inn has lots of original features, with timber framed buildings and extensive landscaped gardens. Dinner can be enjoyed in the award-winning restaurant, ...More about The Olde Bell Inn
Phyllis Court was founded in 1906 as a private members' club and has welcomed many distinguished visitors over the years. Set in 18 acres, with lawns sweeping down to the Thames, it offers a unique bl...More about Phyllis Court Club
A warm welcome is guaranteed at this delightful house, overlooking the River Thames in the village of Pangbourne. The spacious modern bedrooms have been finished to a very high standard and the though...More about Weir View House
Located close to Henley-on-Thames, this property offers comfortable guest accommodation in quiet surroundings within the secluded and private walled gardens, situated just 100 metres away from the mai...More about Badgemore Park Golf Club
This well-established hotel enjoys an idyllic location overlooking the River Thames and the delightful Marlow weir. The bedrooms, which differ in size and style, are all individually decorated and are...More about Macdonald Compleat Angler


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Define You Apparel: What Defines You?
If someone was to ask you, "what defines you?" How would you answer? What makes you different from everyone else? Define You Apparel is a brand that's all about asking you, the customer, these questions to promote individuality because after all, being different is a good thing!


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5 Apps and Sites That Can Kill Facebook
Before you spend more time fleshing out your Facebook profile or posting on the walls of friends, consider other apps and sites worthy of your attention.
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You should purge your old website profiles to maintain your digital reputation and avoid identity theft. Here are three ways to tackle the task.
Psy's "Gangnam Style" video marks 2 billion views on YouTube, and MySpace channels Throwback Thursday - badly - by emailing old photos to dormant users.
AstraZeneca just became the latest big company to refuse a buyout offer. Was it right to say no? Hard to say - but these firms should've accepted deals.
Product endorsements by famous people are a classic marketing gimmick. But happens when those stars really get a say in running the company?
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Facebook just keeps on getting bigger. Despite the negative emotions generated by its IPO, the leading social network revealed on Thursday that it now has more than a billion active monthly users.
Classmates.com had a decade-long head start in the social networking biz before Facebook came along, but with its pay-to-connect model, it blew its chance to dominate. Now, like a teen buying a term paper, it's buying SchoolFeed, an app that connects you to former classmates ... on Facebook.
Now, there's a new vehicle for those looking to invest in a specific part of the market. It's called Motif Investing, and it aims to combine the best of funds with the best of individual stocks.
Facebook is acquiring Instagram for about $1 billion, and if a hot social network snapping up a popular photo-sharing site sounds familiar, it should. Remember MySpace and Photobucket?
Since the Web was born, its dominant companies have all had one thing in common: Eventually, they all crashed ... hard. Prodigy and Netscape are toast; AOL, Yahoo! and MySpace are shadows of their old selves. And then there's Facebook ...
Prerecorded music has been a fading industry for years, and herding struggling labels together will only make it that much easier to identify the remains. And there aren't too many people mourning major labels' passing.
Back in July 2005, the deal seemed so promising. Rupert Murdoch's News Corp bought MySpace parent Intermix Media for $580 million. The social media pioneer was, by some measures, the fifth most-visited website in the U.S. This week, MySpace may be sold for as little as $30 million.
Yahoo may be considering selling off its stake in joint venture with Japanese Internet giant Softbank. What would it do with the $8 billion?
Facebook gets by far the most customer loyalty out of all social media sites, easily outperforming News Corp. unit MySpace, according to a new report.
News Corp. more than doubled its earnings for the fiscal second quarter, the company announced Wednesday.
Social networking pioneer MySpace could find itself going solo again soon. Its owner, News Corp, is considering a potential sale or spin-off of the social network as it looks for a way to stem the tens of millions of dollars in losses it's taking from the unit, according to a Bloomberg report.
MySpace, the floundering social network site, may be on the verge of massive layoffs.
Facebook ruled the Internet in 2010. It was both the most-searched term -- accounting for 2.11% of all searches -- and the top-visited website, attracting 8.93% of all U.S. visits, compared to Google's 7.19%.
It's hard to say if any of the fads of the past decade will be as memorable as, say, the Hula Hoop or Frisbee. But like every decade, the 2000s...
Twitter is mulling a new round of funding that could value the company at over $3 billion. This news comes just as Google is in negotiations to buy Groupon for as much as $6 billion. Other large web 2.0 companies have also been given lofty valuations as well.
News Corp. (NWS) would consider selling MySpace after reworking the social network into an entertainment website. News Corp. would consider a sale or partnership of the site, Chief Operating Officer Chase Carey told Reuters.
In the "If you can't beat 'em, join 'em" department, MySpace launched a feature that lets users import interests from their Facebook profiles to give MySpace pages a broader stream of entertainment content.
The faltering social network is relaunching as a multimedia platform aimed at Gen Y. It's a radical departure from the format that made it the world's largest social network -- before Facebook stole that crown and ran with it. The new MySpace takes more of a portal approach.
MySpace will launch an original Web series focused on the so-called Jerk urban dance movement. The series, "Jerk All-Stars" will consist of 14 episodes of several minutes each, with the series debuting next month Reuters reported. Sprite will be the exclusive sponsor.
Facebook on Wednesday said it has revamped its so-called 'Groups' feature to make it easier for members to send messages to subgroups of friends, instead of messaging either one person at a time or everyone on their friend list.
Few indie rockers boast the formidable creativity and credibility of Aimee Mann -- yet Mann deserves high marks not only as a literate, whip-smart...
MySpace, which has changed its appearance to look more like Facebook, is also cozying up to its rival in another way. Its users can now sync their MySpace posts with Facebook.
Disney is snapping up social networking games developer Playdom in a deal worth up to $563.2 million, it announced Tuesday. The transaction, will bolster Disney's digital gaming lineup and give it a greater presence on such social networking sites as Facebook and MySpace.
New York's attorney general has teamed with social networking giants Facebook and MySpace to work on removing illegal child pornography images using...


text:
sqlalchemy / README.unittests
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SQLAlchemy unit tests by default run using Python's built-in sqlite3
module. If running on Python 2.4, pysqlite must be installed.
Unit tests are run using nose. Nose is available at:
SQLAlchemy implements a nose plugin that must be present when tests are run.
This plugin is invoked when the test runner script provided with
SQLAlchemy is used.
**NOTE:** - the nose plugin is no longer installed by setuptools as of
version 0.7 ! Use "python setup.py test" or "./sqla_nose.py".
A plain vanilla run of all tests using sqlite can be run via setup.py:
$ python setup.py test
The -v flag also works here:
$ python setup.py test -v
To run all tests:
$ ./sqla_nose.py
If you're running the tests on Microsoft Windows, then there is an additional
argument that must be passed to ./sqla_nose.py:
> ./sqla_nose.py --first-package-wins=True
This is required because nose's importer will normally evict a package from
sys.modules if it sees a package with the same name in a different location.
Setting this argument disables that behavior.
Assuming all tests pass, this is a very unexciting output. To make it more
$ ./sqla_nose.py -v
Any directory of test modules can be run at once by specifying the directory
$ ./sqla_nose.py test/dialect
Any test module can be run directly by specifying its module name:
$ ./sqla_nose.py test.orm.test_mapper
To run a specific test within the module, specify it as module:ClassName.methodname:
$ ./sqla_nose.py test.orm.test_mapper:MapperTest.test_utils
Help is available via --help:
$ ./sqla_nose.py --help
The --help screen is a combination of common nose options and options which
the SQLAlchemy nose plugin adds. The most commonly SQLAlchemy-specific
options used are '--db' and '--dburi'.
Tests will target an in-memory SQLite database by default. To test against
another database, use the --dburi option with any standard SQLAlchemy URL:
Use an empty database and a database user with general DBA privileges.
The test suite will be creating and dropping many tables and other DDL, and
preexisting tables will interfere with the tests.
Several tests require alternate usernames or schemas to be present, which
are used to test dotted-name access scenarios. On some databases such
as Oracle or Sybase, these are usernames, and others such as Postgresql
and MySQL they are schemas. The requirement applies to all backends
except SQLite and Firebird. The names are:
test_schema_2 (only used on Postgresql)
Please refer to your vendor documentation for the proper syntax to create
these namespaces - the database user must have permission to create and drop
tables within these schemas. Its perfectly fine to run the test suite
without these namespaces present, it only means that a handful of tests which
expect them to be present will fail.
Additional steps specific to individual databases are as follows:
MYSQL: Default storage engine should be "MyISAM". Tests that require
"InnoDB" as the engine will specify this explicitly.
ORACLE: a user named "test_schema" is created.
The primary database user needs to be able to create and drop tables,
synonyms, and constraints within the "test_schema" user. For this
to work fully, including that the user has the "REFERENCES" role
in a remote shcema for tables not yet defined (REFERENCES is per-table),
it is required that the test the user be present in the "DBA" role:
grant dba to scott;
SYBASE: Similar to Oracle, "test_schema" is created as a user, and the
primary test user needs to have the "sa_role".
It's also recommened to turn on "trunc log on chkpt" and to use a
separate transaction log device - Sybase basically seizes up when
the transaction log is full otherwise.
A full series of setup assuming sa/master:
disk init name="translog", physname="/opt/sybase/data/translog.dat", size="10M"
create database sqlalchemy on default log on translog="10M"
sp_dboption sqlalchemy, "trunc log on chkpt", true
sp_addlogin scott, "tiger7"
sp_addlogin test_schema, "tiger7"
use sqlalchemy
sp_adduser scott
sp_adduser test_schema
grant all to scott
sp_role "grant", sa_role, scott
Sybase will still freeze for up to a minute when the log becomes
full. To manually dump the log:
dump tran sqlalchemy with truncate_only
MSSQL: Tests that involve multiple connections require Snapshot Isolation
ability implented on the test database in order to prevent deadlocks that
will occur with record locking isolation. This feature is only available
with MSSQL 2005 and greater. You must enable snapshot isolation at the
database level and set the default cursor isolation with two SQL commands:
ALTER DATABASE MyDatabase SET ALLOW_SNAPSHOT_ISOLATION ON
ALTER DATABASE MyDatabase SET READ_COMMITTED_SNAPSHOT ON
MSSQL+zxJDBC: Trying to run the unit tests on Windows against SQL Server
requires using a test.cfg configuration file as the cmd.exe shell won't
properly pass the URL arguments into the nose test runner.
If you'll be running the tests frequently, database aliases can save a lot of
typing. The --dbs option lists the built-in aliases and their matching URLs:
$ ./sqla_nose.py --dbs
Available --db options (use --dburi to override)
mysql mysql://scott:email@example.com:3306/test
oracle oracle://scott:firstname.lastname@example.com:1521
postgresql postgresql://scott:firstname.lastname@example.com:5432/test
To run tests against an aliased database:
$ ./sqla_nose.py --db=postgresql
To customize the URLs with your own users or hostnames, make a simple .ini
file called `test.cfg` at the top level of the SQLAlchemy source distribution
or a `.satest.cfg` in your home directory:
Your custom entries will override the defaults and you'll see them reflected
in the output of --dbs.
SQLAlchemy logs its activity and debugging through Python's logging package.
Any log target can be directed to the console with command line options, such
$ ./sqla_nose.py test.orm.unitofwork --log-info=sqlalchemy.orm.mapper \
--log-debug=sqlalchemy.pool --log-info=sqlalchemy.engine
This would log mapper configuration, connection pool checkouts, and SQL
statement execution.
Coverage is tracked using Nose's coverage plugin. See the nose
documentation for details. Basic usage is:
$ ./sqla_nose.py test.sql.test_query --with-coverage
BIG COVERAGE TIP !!! There is an issue where existing .pyc files may
store the incorrect filepaths, which will break the coverage system. If
coverage numbers are coming out as low/zero, try deleting all .pyc files.
You can use the SQLAlchemy test suite to test any new database dialect in
development. All possible database features will be exercised by default.
Test decorators are provided that can exclude unsupported tests for a
particular dialect. You'll see them all over the source, feel free to add
your dialect to them or apply new decorations to existing tests as required.
It's fine to start out with very broad exclusions, e.g. "2-phase commit is not
supported on this database" and later refine that as needed "2-phase commit is
not available until server version 8".
To be considered for inclusion in the SQLAlchemy distribution, a dialect must
be integrated with the standard test suite. Dialect-specific tests can be
placed in the 'dialects/' directory. Comprehensive testing of
database-specific column types and their proper reflection are a very good
place to start.
When working through the tests, start with 'engine' and 'sql' tests. 'engine'
performs a wide range of transaction tests that might deadlock on a brand-new
dialect- try disabling those if you're having problems and revisit them later.
Once the 'sql' tests are passing, the 'orm' tests should pass as well, modulo
any adjustments needed for SQL features the ORM uses that might not be
available in your database. But if an 'orm' test requires changes to your
dialect or the SQLAlchemy core to pass, there's a test missing in 'sql'! Any
time you can spend boiling down the problem to it's essential sql roots and
adding a 'sql' test will be much appreciated.
The test suite is very effective at illuminating bugs and inconsistencies in
an underlying DB-API (or database!) implementation. Workarounds are almost
always possible. If you hit a wall, join us on the mailing list or, better,


text:
This game has been heralded as the game of this generation. A bold claim, but does it live up to the hype? Easily. The only game that I think will stand in it's way is Bioshock Infinite. Both games have been worked on by members of the team responsible for the original Bioshock , and Bioshock 2. You can see this in the steam punk visuals, game play and rich story telling. It is basicly a stealth game, but so much more due to magical powers, and the freedom given to carry out each assassination.
The story involves you as an Empresses body guard accused of murdering the very lady you were sworn to protect. Loyalist aid your escape from prison, and set about giving you targets that will bring about downfall of the corrupt, and draconian powers that have taken the reigns of the city. This is set before a backdrop of a recent rat plague, civil unrest and a once proud capital in decline. Where divisions between rich and poor are zealously enforced by segregation and quarantine. If you take the time there are plenty of books scattered about. Which help to flesh out and increase immersion in the world. While the story is far better than most of the trash we are fed by today's games. It falls short of Bioshock's excellence, but I don't think that game for me anyway will ever be topped.
Game-play is of the first person variety. Your character moves well, controls are well mapped, and shooting is solid after you get use to the rather clumsy flintlocks, but I tended to only use them as a last resort as the magic and tranquillizer darts attracted far less attention. While the game can be play loud as it were you feel as if you are cheating the game, and yourself by doing so. You have gadgets like grenades and razor wire traps, but it's the magic that really helps the most in missions, and is most fun to use. With a power like possession you can take over the body of a rat to help you infiltrate. Another power gives you the ability to transport yourself to higher places. One lets you summon a swarm of vicious rats that can devour an opponent. These are acquired with bone runes found throughout the world. Some runes also give small perks to attack, health and whatnot. I found these of limited use. The game has a lot of replay value down to the way the developers have given each level such freedom. You don't even have to kill your targets they can be given other fates which go on to affect the story slightly.
You have to play this game it's as simple as that. The level of immersion is how I rate a really good game, and this has that depth.I managed to get it special edition with free set of taro cards, and instructions for a game called Nancy.


text:
Michael email@example.com(757) 385-1122
July 3, 2014 · 4 pm - 6 pm
City Manager's Conference Room2401 Courthouse DriveVirginia Beach, Virginia | Map
The Parks and Recreation Commission is a volunteer advisory group to the City Council, City Manager, and Director of Parks and Recreation. The Commission serves as a sounding board by holding public meetings and exercising influence throughout the City to improve and expand recreational opportunities.
Finding Suggestions
Land Line: 311
Mobile: (757) 385-3111
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Contact |
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Employees |
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Website Policy |
© 2011 City of Virginia Beach. All rights reserved.


text:
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Narrow your search
You'll have the choice of one daily and two monthly data plans for the iPad 3G on the O2 network, starting at £2 for a day of surfing up to 500MB
There's quite a lot to like about Logitech's new Gaming Mouse G500, but with a competing mouse from Microsoft offering its own set of features, gamers now have some choices to make. The G500 will appeal to performance-driven shooter fans. The choice is less clear for other kinds of PC gamers.
If you're worried about keeping your data safe on your mobile phone then take a look at Toshiba's new handsets -- they come with fingerprint scanners so only you can access them
The E-Ten G500 can help you save time and space with its PDA, cell phone, GPS, and camera functions, but this jack-of-all-mobile-trades is heavy, lacks advanced wireless options, and doesn't include the needed navigation software.
Pricing not available
The relatively affordable Creative GigaWorks ProGamer G500 5.1-channel multimedia speaker system delivers excellent performance across the board. We only wish it had a digital audio input.
Pricing not available
This sleek, pocketable point-and-shoot is ideal for those who want to capture highly detailed images while traveling light.


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Coordinates with west elm's window hardware (sold separately).
To ensure a proper fit, visit our
Curtain Guide
Each curtain sold separately.
Select lengths online/catalog only.


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Our Favorite Gifts-- These are a few of our favorite things..... 2010
This collection of essays, one for each day of the year, will give your family and friends inspiration that will guide them to discovering a new appreciation for their life. The essays focus on friendship and spirit and how no matter what hardships you are going through, we all have a need to stay vital and in love with the life that we have. Each essay is followed by a practice that is designed to awaken the mind and the senses. Share this treasure with someone who needs a little inspiration and hope going into the New Year.
Cost: $10.99
Buy it: The Book of Awakening: Having the Life You Want by Being Present to the Life You Have
These lovely earrings feature fiery CZ gemstones, pure and lustrous Sterling Silver construction, and very feminine French Wire backing for pierced ears. They are the perfect gift for the music lover in your life. An added benefit of these earrings is that they come with beautiful custom packaging including a card with this inspirational message:
Lord I sing to you, with such joy in my heart!
I lift my voice up to you my praises I do impart!
Let not my cares bring me down, but let my heart hear the song,
Of the melody of trusting you, a safe place where I belong.
May I always sing with joy, all the days that I do live,
Remembering to share a tune or so for one who has none to give.
And Lord, at the end of the day, when the sun begins to set,
Sing back the sweet words to me, if the song in my heart I forget.
© 2004 Deborah J Birdoes
Cost: $68.00
Buy it: Sing For Joy Earrings
Golf Quotes book with FREE DVD and Golf Hole Island 5x7 print in wood frame
More from Beliefnet


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I know this was four years ago, but none of us will ever forget the moment that Kanye West jumped on stage and interrupted Taylor Swift's acceptance speech at the MTV Video Music Awards when she accepted the award for Best Female Video. Well one website got ahold of this audio that is supposedly Kanye continuing his rant backstage. Listen to it all right HERE.
"In Touch Weekly" says that "Glee" is going on hiatus to deal with Cory Monteith's death. A source says that his character Finn Hudson had a central storyline at the beginning of the upcoming fifth season so they have to do a lot of re-writing. That could push the premiere of the new season from September to November. The feeling is that Finn will be killed off.
If you just want to laugh this morning at the sheer stupidity of some celebrities. We have former "Teen Mom" and star of "Backdoor Teen Mom" to thank. Apparently, Farrah Abraham has no idea who Trayvon Martin was.
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The nominees for "The Primetime Emmy Awards" were announced yesterday. First the first time, Netflix entered the fray with 14 nominations, primarily for "Arrested Development" and the Kevin Spacey drama "House of Cards." Overall, FX's "American Horror Story: Asylum" led all shows with 17 nominations and HBO led with 108 nominations. Here's a list of all the categories you care about:
Outstanding Drama Series:
"Breaking Bad" (AMC)
"Downton Abbey" (PBS)
"Game of Thrones" (HBO)
"Homeland" (Showtime)
"House of Cards" (Netflix)
"Mad Men" (AMC)
Outstanding Comedy Series:
"30 Rock" (NBC)
"Girls" (HBO)
"Louie" (FX)
"Modern Family" (ABC)
"The Big Bang Theory" (CBS)
"Veep" (HBO)
Outstanding Reality Show:
"Antiques Roadshow" (PBS)
"Deadliest Catch" (Discovery)
"Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives" (Food Network)
"Mythbusters" (Discovery)
"Shark Tank" (ABC)
"Undercover Boss" (CBS)
Outstanding Reality-Competition Show:
"The Voice" (NBC)
"Dancing with the Stars" (ABC)
"So You Think You Can Dance" (Fox)
"Project Runway" (Lifetime)
"The Amazing Race" (CBS)
"Top Chef" (Bravo)
Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Series:
"Jimmy Kimmel Live" (ABC)
"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon" (NBC)
"Real Time With Bill Maher" (HBO)
"Saturday Night Live" (NBC)
"The Colbert Report" (Comedy Central)
"The Daily Show With Jon Stewart" (Comedy Central)
Outstanding Miniseries or TV Movie:
"American Horror Story: Asylum" (FX)
"Behind the Candelabra" (HBO)
"Phil Spector" (HBO)
"Political Animals" (USA)
"The Bible" (History)
"Top of the Lake" (Sundance)
Outstanding Actor: (Drama Series)
Bryan Cranston, "Breaking Bad" (AMC)
Hugh Bonneville, "Downton Abbey" (PBS)
Damian Lewis, "Homeland" (Showtime)
Kevin Spacey, "House of Cards" (Netflix)
Jon Hamm, "Mad Men" (AMC)
Jeff Daniels, "The Newsroom" (HBO)
Outstanding Actress: (Drama Series)
Vera Farmiga, "Bates Motel" (A&E)
Michelle Dockery, "Downton Abbey" (PBS)
Claire Danes, "Homeland" (Showtime)
Robin Wright, "House of Cards" (Netflix)
Elisabeth Moss, "Mad Men" (AMC)
Connie Britton, "Nashville" (ABC)
Kerry Washington, "Scandal" (ABC)
Outstanding Supporting Actor: (Drama Series)
Bobby Cannavale, "Boardwalk Empire" (HBO)
Jonathan Banks, "Breaking Bad" (AMC)
Aaron Paul, "Breaking Bad" (AMC)
Jim Carter, "Downton Abbey" (PBS)
Peter Dinklage, "Game of Thrones" (HBO)
Mandy Patinkin, "Homeland" (Showtime)
Outstanding Supporting Actress: (Drama Series)
Anna Gunn, "Breaking Bad" (AMC)
Maggie Smith, "Downton Abbey" (PBS)
Emilia Clarke, "Game of Thrones" (HBO)
Morena Baccarin, "Homeland" (Showtime)
Christina Hendricks, "Mad Men" (AMC)
Christine Baranski, "The Good Wife" (CBS)
Outstanding Actor: (Comedy Series)
Alec Baldwin, "30 Rock" (NBC)
Jason Bateman, "Arrested Development" (Netflix)
Matt LeBlanc, "Episodes" (Showtime)
Don Cheadle, "House of Lies" (Showtime)
Louis C.K., "Louie" (FX)
Jim Parsons, "The Big Bang Theory" (CBS)
Outstanding Actress: (Comedy Series)
Tina Fey, "30 Rock" (NBC)
Laura Dern, "Enlightened" (HBO)
Lena Dunham, "Girls" (HBO)
Edie Falco, "Nurse Jackie" (Showtime)
Amy Poehler, "Parks and Recreation" (NBC)
Julia Louis-Dreyfus, "Veep" (HBO)
Outstanding Supporting Actor: (Comedy Series)
Adam Driver, "Girls" (HBO)
Jesse Tyler Ferguson, "Modern Family" (ABC)
Ed O'Neill, "Modern Family" (ABC)
Ty Burrell, "Modern Family" (ABC)
Bill Hader, "Saturday Night Live" (NBC)
Tony Hale, "Veep" (HBO)
Outstanding Supporting Actress: (Comedy Series)
Jane Krakowski, "30 Rock" (NBC)
Jane Lynch, "Glee" (Fox)
Sofia Vergara, "Modern Family" (ABC)
Julie Bowen, "Modern Family" (ABC)
Merritt Wever, "Nurse Jackie" (Showtime)
Mayim Bialik, "The Big Bang Theory" (CBS)
Anna Chlumsky, "Veep" (HBO)
Outstanding Actor: (Miniseries or TV Movie)
Michael Douglas, "Behind the Candelabra" (HBO)
Matt Damon, "Behind the Candelabra" (HBO)
Benedict Cumberbatch, "Parade's End" (HBO)
Al Pacino, "Phil Spector" (HBO)
Toby Jones, "The Girl" (HBO)
Outstanding Actress: (Miniseries or TV Movie)
Jessica Lange, "American Horror Story: Asylum" (FX)
Helen Mirren, "Phil Spector" (HBO)
Sigourney Weaver, "Political Animals" (USA)
Laura Linney, "The Big C: Hereafter" (Showtime)
Elisabeth Moss, "Top of the Lake" (Sundance)
Outstanding Reality Show Host:
Ryan Seacrest, "American Idol" (Fox)
Betty White, "Betty White's Off Their Rockers" (NBC)
Tom Bergeron, "Dancing with the Stars" (ABC)
Heidi Klum, "Project Runway" (Lifetime)
Cat Deeley, "So You Think You Can Dance" (Fox)
Anthony Bourdain, "The Taste" (ABC)


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Human population explosion
Approximately 7.2 billion humans inhabited the Earth in year 2013. By comparison, there might be 500,000 elephants of different kinds, 200,000 chimpanzees, 100,000 gorillas, 20,000 polar bears, 3,000 tigers, 2,000 giant pandas and 200 California condors. Notably, the human population has grown about ten-fold over the past 300 years and nearly four-fold in just the last century. This monumental historical development has profoundly changed the relationship of our species to its natural support systems and has greatly intensified our environmental impact, particularly regarding species extinctions. Equally amazing are the signs that, in our generation, the human population explosion is abating (Figure 1; note that, here and below, many of the values given are estimates and, after the year 2005, projections). Our numbers are expected to rise by another 50% before reaching a peak some demographers expect late in this century; many researchers posit that a decline is likely to follow. What caused this population surge; where are we headed; and how might the proliferation of our species affect its future well-being?
Some current demographic trends
Until modern times, the growth of our numbers was slow and variable. A pronounced expansion began with the advent of the Industrial Revolution, about two centuries ago. Whereas tens of thousands of years passed before our species reached the one billion mark, around 1800 AD, it took only 123, 33, 14, 13, 12 and 13 years to add each succeeding billion. This accelerating rate of increase is what is meant by the term population explosion. Around year 1963, population growth reached a maximal rate of about 2.2% per year—perhaps a thousand times faster than expansion in prehistoric times. The annual increment has since dropped by half–to 1.1% per year (or, as demographers prefer, to 11 per thousand per year)–and it is still decreasing. Nevertheless, a cohort of about 80 million individuals, about the population of Germany, is being added to the planet each year (Figure 1).
Figure 2 shows that fertility is now declining with time. Worldwide, the average woman currently bears 2.5 live offspring. In several African nations, fertility still exceeds seven live births per female. At the other extreme, the average woman in the Pacific rim nations of East Asia and in much of Europe bears approximately 1.3 live babies. Correspondingly, population growth rates vary with locale, from more than 3% per year in some African nations to a slightly negative rate (i.e., declining population) in some Eastern European states. The U.S. has the highest rate of procreation and of immigration—each roughly 0.5% per year–giving it the greatest overall population growth rate of any industrialized nation.
Source: United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision. Highlights
The average human life-span has risen from 30-40 years in pre-industrial times to about 70 years today (Figure 3). Longevity is still about 50 years in Angola while it exceeds 80 years in northern Europe and Japan. In developing nations, longevity has sometimes increased by more than half a year in a calendar year! At the same time, life-span has been adversely affected in parts of Africa by infectious diseases such as HIV-AIDS and, following the end of communist rule in Eastern Europe, by alcohol consumption.
The demographic transition
Demographers have a good understanding of why the growth of the human population exploded and then, rather abruptly, declined toward its long-term value. The math is simple: excluding migration, the rate of change of the number of individuals in a population is simply the difference between their birth rate and death rate. The explosion in human population thus reflects the excess of births over deaths brought about by the Industrial Revolution. Until about two centuries ago, birth rates and death rates were both high. Because these two rates were about equal in magnitude, the population grew slowly, albeit unevenly. For example, human numbers grew at roughly 0.25% per year in 1700 C.E. (This amounts to a doubling of the population about every 300 years.) Soon thereafter, as discussed below, institutional and technical advances caused death rates to fall in one nation after another around the globe. But because birth rates remained high, population growth rates soared, an unintended consequence of the alleviation of human hardship in the modern era. Then, after a few decades of declining death rates, the families in those nations developed the inclination and found the means to dramatically limit procreation. As a result, fertility rates fell, often rapidly, to approach the low death rates, and population growth slowed.
A theoretical model called the demographic transition divides this general pattern of population growth into four idealized stages, as illustrated in Figure 4. In early times, birth rates and death rates are high (perhaps each near 5% per year) but similar. There is then little sustained growth in the population. In the second stage, death rates decline but birth rates remain high; consequently, net population growth increases, as indicated in the figure by the shaded balloon labeled natural increase. Third, birth rates decline and approach the low death rate, causing population growth to subside. At that point, birth and death rates become similar again (perhaps each at 1% per year) and the net growth rate approaches zero or even becomes negative. Stage 4 is not like the pre-transition state (Stage 1), since the size of the population will have expanded and longevity increased during the demographic transition.
The demographic transition paradigm can be applied both to individual nations and also to the world population as a whole. The historical prototype is 19th century England during its industrialization. Soon thereafter, the transition followed industrialization to Western Europe and the United States. As they modernized in the 20th century, Japan (followed by a succession of other Asian nations) replicated this transformation. The decades following World War II and the end of the colonial era saw most developing nations embark on this path; now, their death rates are typically at low levels and their birth rates are on the way down. Thus, most nations are currently somewhere in the third stage of their demographic transition and some are in stage four. Consequently, the growth rate of the world population in year 2011 was 1.1%–the difference between a birth rate of 1.9% and a death rate of 0.8% per year.
The demographic transition has stalled midstream in some developing nations where customs and traditions remain strong. That is, low death rates (say, 1.5% per year or less) have been achieved but birth rates linger at 4 to 5% per year. So it is that population growth in Niger, Mali and Uganda exceed 3% per year, corresponding to a population doubling time of less than 25 years. (Doubling time in years is approximately equal to 70%/growth rate in percent per year. In this example, the doubling time would be 70/3 or 23 years.) This situation can lead to a demographic trap where rapid population growth undercuts the very technical, social and economic progress that could otherwise resolve it. Developing nations as a group now have 80% of the world's people and contribute 97% of population growth. The on-going increase of the human population can therefore be understood to represent unfinished demographic transitions in diverse less industrialized societies.
Why death rates have declined
Infectious agents has always been a major cause of human mortality. Particularly important diseases are malaria, tuberculosis, measles, influenza, cholera, and a variety of parasitic infections. (In recent years, HIV/AIDS has overshadowed many of these.) In addition, diarrhea and respiratory diseases of bacterial and viral origin ravage the children in poor nations. Infant mortality can amount to more than 10% of the live births in those settings, more than 20-times that in many industrialized states. The battle against infectious diseases gained force early in the modern era through the development of public health regimes. Thus, long before the era of twentieth-century patient-directed medicine, we learned how to avoid the perils of contaminated drinking water, to drain swamps where mosquitoes harbor the malaria parasite, to immunize the young, to quarantine the infected and to teach public sanitation and private hygiene. (A classical example of an early public health intervention was the introduction of vaccination against smallpox by Edward Jenner more than two centuries ago; this scourge has now been entirely eradicated.) In addition, improved nutrition not only saved lives by itself but also strengthened resistance to infection. These simple preventive strategies were often inexpensive, and colonists brought them along to protect themselves and their workers in the far-off lands. Today, the transfer of technology and know-how from more developed countries (MDCs) continues to play an important role in alleviating illness and death in many less developed countries (LDCs). Especially important is the steadily decreasing mortality rate in infants and children. At the same time, global modernization has brought a new demographic trend to the developing world: cardiovascular disease and cancer now rival or surpass infectious diseases as health hazards.
Why birth rates have declined
Children are naturally loved and valued for themselves. But, especially in traditional (typically, agrarian) settings, children are also seen by their parents to be economic assets: a ready source of capital and security when alternatives are out of reach. Sons are particularly valued, since it is they who do the heavy labor, inherit the family plot and take care of aging parents. For practical reasons, daughters are often less desired: they may be regarded as less productive and as likely to marry and move on, often with a costly dowry payment. Thus, time-honored wisdom might suggest an investment strategy of having, say, eight offspring. A parent would then expect four sons, one or two of whom will hopefully survive to adulthood, worked the farm and, in time, care for the parents. Such schemes of providing security to the family become institutionalized in cultural norms and shared practices.
Under the most favorable conditions, a woman can bear as many as 20 children in her lifetime. But this is rare. Parents universally chose to limit family size because too many children impose costs in excess of benefits. Thus, a variety of practices have long been used to thwart pregnancy; for example, celibacy, late marriage, sexual abstinence and the rhythm method. Of particular importance in traditional societies, however, is prolongation of the nursing of children. (This is because lactation inhibits ovulation through the mother's endocrine system, thereby reducing the risk of pregnancy.) In addition, desperate measures to control family size are frequently taken by those who lacking good options. For example, perhaps 20 million pregnancies a year, more than one-tenth of the total, are ended by unsafe (septic and/or criminal) abortion despite serious risks to the mothers. Infanticide is another long-standing expedient. Especially in hard times, baby girls are selected against. For example, ultrasound previews, while typically illegal, are widely used in Asia these days to pick out female fetuses for abortion. The various practices favoring male heirs is said to account for "100 million missing women" world-wide.
Just as the Industrial revolution precipitated a fall in death rates, it has also driven the subsequent fall in birth rates and, consequently, a resolution of the population explosion. This is because modern and modernizing societies have provided alternatives to the creation of large families in pursuit of security and economic advancement. This is not just a matter of wealth. Rather, modern countries have elaborated civil institutions that provide a social safety net. The safety net promotes health and education; property rights (ownership) and civil rights (e.g., the vote, equality before the law, public safety and women's rights); some measure of financial security (e.g., insurance, loans, retirement plans, unemployment benefits, job creation and retraining programs); and income redistribution (e.g., public relief and welfare programs as well as graduated taxation). Individual aspirations then become reoriented from creating family-based security to self-realization, and from subsistence to advancement. This modern agenda enables even poor families in traditional settings to have fewer children and to invest more in each.
Women in MDCs typically anticipate having two children and, these days, even fewer. Their prospects and security are assumed, allowing them to marry late—or not at all. Furthermore, contraception is widely available and the choices are diverse; notably, condoms, cervical loops and caps, vaginal spermicides and surgical sterilizations for both There are also pills to prevent ovulation (i.e., oral contraceptives), to induce the early miscarriage of a pregnancy and to thwart the implantation of a fertilized egg "the morning after." Surgical abortions are common and (quite the opposite of criminal or septic abortion) safer than live births.
Individuals in impoverished nations are steadily becoming aware of modern lifestyles through schooling, trade, migration and mass media such as radio or television. Indeed, nearly half of the human population—a steadily rising fraction—now lives in cities from which they report trends to those back home. Cultural diffusion has also alerted pre-modern communities (and their national governments) to the socio-economic burden of high fertility. Their exposure to the developed world has also shown them ways to build social welfare and to limit procreation in advance of industrialization and wealth creation (see Kerala). Foremost among these countervailing forces is a couple's anticipation of improved health and longevity for the members of the family, young and old. Similarly, a sense of security increases among those in poverty with opportunities for their education, physical and social mobility, economic advancement and accumulation of modest personal savings. Food security in impoverished communities, while often problematical, has nevertheless risen steadily in recent decades just as infant mortality has fallen. Transfer of low cost know-how and materials from developed nations has also greatly benefited those less industrialized. Confidence in one's government helps too. All of these factors have encouraged individuals in LDC to address poverty through personal and social measures that, among other effects, supplant the information to large families with personal empowerment. A result is declining population growth all over the world (Figure 5). And economic development can then follow.
1950-2050 (medium variant) Source: United Nations Population Division,
World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision. Highlights
The empowerment of women (e.g., through schooling and employment opportunities) has been of special importance, as have international efforts to provide access to family planning assistance and contraception where needed. The steady decline of LDC fertility and population growth reflects the impact of these processes (Figures 2 and 5). Nevertheless, perhaps 200 million women in LDC presently express the unfulfilled desire for fewer children and for family planning assistance such as information and contraceptive devices. On the other hand, many traditional mothers still aspire to large families (Figure 6). Thus, the population explosion is far from over.
Human population prospects in the twenty-first century
The overall human death rate is not likely to change significantly in the foreseeable future. It will presumably decline in nations like Russia which have recently suffered sociopolitical upheavals. The opposite trend can be expected for developing nations as their youthful populations age. Globally, birth rates will probably continue to decline in the coming decades since, nowadays, couples are increasingly prone to limit their family size, whatever their wealth. Coercion by national governments, such as China's one-child policy, appears to be unnecessary. If and when the global birth rate again matches death rate, we will hit zero population growth. This could occur by the year 2070 when the population might be 9.5 or 10 billion. Negative population growth may then ensue, as is now approaching in an increasing number of MDCs.
Although this is an era of decreasing birth rates, diverse constituencies nevertheless regard procreation as either a good in itself or as a practical imperative. Among these pro-natal voices are the following:
- Standard economic thinking holds that human capital (e.g., labor and intellectual creativity) drives wealth creation; hence, the more people, the better off we are. Such a cornucopian view foresees no limits to an indefinitely expanding economy, environmental impacts notwithstanding. At the same time, many economists anticipate a point beyond which further additions to our numbers will diminish our well-being.
- A large fraction of MDC governments would like the demographic profile of their nation to be youthful. Their premise is that the young provide the nation's workforce and army with vitality and strength. In addition, young wage-earners are a source of tax revenues.
- Those concerned with the well-being of the elderly see that an increasing dependency ratio (here, retirees per worker) will increasingly burden national retirement plans, such as U.S. Social Security. (The governments of some LDCs are grappling with the opposite issue: high population growth can undercut their social welfare and economic progress.)
- Various cultural and religious norms encourage procreation. In some communities, men are expected to show virility by siring a large brood. It is sometimes a mother-in-law's prerogative to press for more grandchildren.
- Employers may welcome a large labor pool in the hope that competition for jobs will drive down workers' wages.
- Many in poverty still see their progeny as their best hope in desperate times.
- With increasing affluence, many parents can afford to value children for their intrinsic worth and enjoy large families.
For these various reasons most MDC governments favor pronatal policies, and many now maintain programs that encourage procreation. Furthermore, the level of infant and child mortality in some LDCs is still so high that parents feel the need for larger families. Nevertheless, the trend toward decreasing family size continues around the globe, impelled in good measure by growing opportunities for women outside of the home. This unintended consequence of modernization and globalization is welcomed by those who, like Malthus early in the Industrial Revolution, view overpopulation as a fundamental threat to human welfare. From the field of ecology, with its concern for carrying capacity and overshoot, comes the question of whether humans might exceed the limits to growth in a finite habitat. One way this issue has been analyzed is the calculation of the ecological footprint; i.e., that portion of the ecosphere usurped by the activities of an individual, a group or a nation. Applications of this admittedly imprecise parameter have raised the possibility that our current practices exceed the bounty of this planet and are therefore unsustainable (see sustainable development). Another perspective posits that human impact increases with 1) our numbers; 2) material consumption per person (see Consumption and well-being); and 3) the extent of environmental damage caused by each unit of that consumption. (See the IPAT equation.) Since it seems unfair for the rich to thwart the material progress of the poor, politically difficult to reign in the appetites of the affluent and technically challenging to mitigate the impact of their consumption, curtailing population size offers a practical approach to mitigating human impact. While the Earth's carrying capacity for our species is not known, the precautionary principle advises that it is better to be safe than sorry.
Further Reading
- Ayers, R. 2004. The Economic Conundrum of an Aging Population. World Watch Magazine, 17 (No. 5), 45-49.
- Dasgupta, P.S. 1995. Population, Poverty, and the Local Environment. Scientific American, 272 (Feb), 26-31.
- Dasgupta, P.S. 2003. Population, Resources, and Welfare: An Exploration into Reproductive and Environmental Externalities. In K-G. Mäler and J. Vincent (Editors), Handbook of Environmental and Resource Economics, North Holland, Amsterdam, 191-247.
- Demeny, P. 1990. Population. In B.L. Turner (Editor), The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years. Cambridge University Press with Clark University, Cambridge; New York, 41-54. ISBN: 0521446309
- Demeny, P.G. and McNicoll, G. (Editors). 2003. Encyclopedia of population. Macmillan Reference USA., New York, 2 v., 1040 pp. ISBN: 0028656776
- Bryant, J. 2007. Theories of Fertility Decline and Evidence from Development Indicators. Population and Development Review, 33 (No. 1), 101-127.
- Lam, D. 2011. How the World Survived the Population Bomb: Lessons From 50 Years of Extraordinary Demographic History. Demography, 48, 1231-1262.
- Population Reference Bureau. 2006 World Population Data Sheet.
- Transitions in world population. 2004. Population Bulletin, 59 (No. 1).
- United Nations Population Division. The World at Six Billion.


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text: This is part of an article by Neil Harman in todays Times. This is what Darren Cahill said"Getting a good person alongside like Ivan is crucial. I was there at the first meeting in Miami last month. We sat down for three hours talking about tennis and I thought Ivan was inspiring. The fact that he has never coached before is irrelevant. he understands the sport and the way he used to go about his game was the mark of a professional athlete." He felt that once Andy wins a GS the floodgates will open. Re Andy's team he said "Andy has a great team, a bunch of strong, loyal,intelligent guys who have been like concrete around him over 5 yrs. For all of them it will be a wonderful day when he fulfills his dream. Hopefully, it's not too far away. I'm confident that it's not."