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Born July 5, 1925, in Gibson, Mo., son of the late James and Janie Todd, he was a baptized believer of Jesus Christ. He proudly served in the Pacific Theater during WWII.
He was the cherished husband of Ann Gales Todd for 56 years; dear dad of Stephen Todd and wife, Sheri, and Gale Moe and husband, Aaron; dear grandpa of Rachel and Rebekah Todd, and beloved brother of Katherine Todd Knox, and husband, the late Harold Knox.; predeceased by Carl, Floyd, Fred, Jess, J.A., and Paul; brother-in-law, uncle and friend to many.
Visitation will be from 4 p.m. to 8 p.m., Thursday, Jan. 17, at Kutis South County Funeral Home.
Funeral services will be held at 9 a.m., Friday, Jan. 18, at Kutis South County Chapel.
Graveside services will be held at 2 p.m., Friday, Jan. 18 in the Stanfield Cemetery at Clarkton, Mo.


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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 17, 2003
|Filing date
|May 20, 1999
|Priority date
|Nov 13, 1995
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Peter R. Strutt, Bernard H. Kear, Ross F. Boland
|Original Assignee
|The University Of Connecticut, Rutgers The State University Of New Jersey
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (15), Non-Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (52), Classifications (61), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/019,061, filed Feb. 5, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,025,034, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/558,133, filed Nov. 13, 1995, now abandoned, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to the field of nanostructured materials. In particular, this invention relates to nanostructured feeds used in the deposition of high-quality nanostructured coatings via the thermal spraying process.
2. Brief Description of the Prior Art
Materials with fine-scale microstructures have long been recognized to exhibit technologically attractive properties. In the past few years, a new class of sub-microstructured materials has been identified, composed of ultra fine grains or particles. These materials have been referred to as "nanostructured materials." Nanostructured materials are characterized by having a high fraction of the material's atoms residing at grain or particle boundaries. For example, with a grain size in the five nanometer range, about one-half of the atoms in a nanocrystalline or a nanophase solid reside at grain or particle interfaces.
Although research in the field of nanostructured materials currently focuses on synthesis and processing of nanostructured bulk materials, there is a growing interest in nanostructured coatings, including thermal barrier, hard and superhard coatings. Nanostructured bulk materials with designed multifunctional coatings present unprecedented opportunities for advances in materials properties and performance for a broad range of structural applications.
Research on nanostructured materials has been a major activity as Rutgers University and the University of Connecticut since the late 1980's. Progress has been made in the synthesis of (1) nanostructured metal powders by the organic solution reaction (OSR) and aqueous solution reaction (ASR) method, (2) nanostructured ceramic-metal (cermet) powders by the spray conversion processing (SCP) method, and (3) nanostructured powders by the gas condensation processing method. Advances have also been made in the consolidation of nanostructured powders by solid and liquid phase sintering methods (for bulk materials) while preserving the desirable nanostructures.
There are three different methods currently in use for the synthesis of nanostructured powders, including (1) the organic solution reaction (OSR) and aqueous solution reaction (ASR) methods for synthesizing nanostructured metal powders, for example, nanostructured Cr3C2/Ni powders; (2) the spray conversion processing (SCP) method for synthesizing nanostructured cermet powders, for example, tungsten-carbon/cobalt and Fe3Mo3C/Fe powders; and (3) the gas condensation processing (GCP) method for synthesizing nanostructured ceramic powders, for example, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide and silicon/carbon/nitrogen.
The OSR and ASR methods for the preparation of nanostructured metals and alloys use three steps: (1) preparation of an organic or aqueous solution of mixed metal chlorides; (2) reductive decomposition of the starting solution with a metal hydride to obtain a colloidal solution of the metallic constituents,; and (3) filtering, washing and drying, followed by gas-phase carburization under controlled carbon and oxygen activity conditions to form the desired nanodispersion of carbide phases in a metallic matrix phase.
This procedure has been used to synthesize a variety of nanostructured metal/carbide powders, including nanostructured Cr3C2/NiCr powders for use in thermal spraying of corrosion resistant hard coatings. A small amount of an organic passivation agent, such as a solution of paraffin in hexane added to the final wash provides protection of the high surface area powder against spontaneous combustion when dried and exposed to air. The as-synthesized powders thus produced are loosely agglomerated. As used herein, the term agglomerated also encompasses aggregated particles.
The SCP method for synthesizing nanostructured cermet composite powders involves three sequential steps: (1) preparation of an aqueous solution mixture of salts of constituent elements; (2) spray drying of the starting solution to form a homogeneous precursor powder; and (3) fluid bed conversion (reduction and carburization) of the precursor powder to the desired nanostructured cermet powder. The SCP method has been utilized to prepare nanostructured WC/Co, nanostructured Fe3Mo3C/Fe and similar cermet materials. The particles may be in the form of hollow spherical shells. The powders are usually passivated after synthesis in order to avoid excessive oxidation when exposed to air.
The GCP method is the most versatile process in use today for synthesizing experimental quantities of nanostructured metal and ceramic powders. A feature of the process is its ability to generate loosely agglomerated nanostructured powders, which are sinterable at relatively low temperatures.
In the inert gas condensation (IGC) version of the GCP method, an evaporative source is used to generate the powder particles, which are convectively transported to and collected on a cold substrate. The nanoparticles develop in a thermalizing zone just above the evaporative source, due to interactions between the hot vapor species and the much colder inert gas atoms (typically 1-20 mbar pressure) in the chamber. Ceramic powders are usually produced by a two-stage process: evaporation of a metal source, or preferably a metal suboxide of high vapor pressure, followed by slow oxidation to develop the desired nanostructured ceramic powder particles.
In the chemical vapor condensation (CVC) version of the GCP method, a hot-wall tubular reactor is used to decompose a precursor/carrier gas to form a continuous stream of clusters or nanoparticles exiting the reactor tube. Critical to the success of CVC processing are: (1) a low concentration of precursor in the carrier gas; (2) rapid expansion of the gas stream through the uniformly heated tubular reactor; (3) rapid quenching of the gas phase nucleated clusters or nanoparticles as they exit from the reactor tube; and (4) a low pressure in the reaction chamber.
The resulting nanostructured ceramic powder particles are loosely agglomerated, as in the IGC method, and display low temperature sinterability. This is in contrast to the ultra fine powders produced by conventional ambient pressure combustion flame and arc-plasma powder processing methods, which yield cemented aggregates that can be consolidated only at much higher sintering temperatures. The CVC method has been used to synthesize nanostructured powders of a variety of ceramic materials, which cannot easily be produced by the IGC process, because of their high melting points and/or low vapor pressures. Examples are nanostructured SiCxNy powders, for which there are many suitable metalorganic precursors, such as hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS). The actual composition of the resulting powder is strongly influenced by the choice of carrier gas. Thus, HMDS/H2O, HMDS/H2 and HMDS/NH3 give nanostructured ceramic powders with compositions close to SiO2, SiC and Si3N4, respectively.
In current industrial practice, the powders used to deposit metal, ceramic or composite coatings by thermal spray or plasma deposition consist of particles in the range form 5 to 50 microns in diameter. During the short residence time in the flame or plasma, the particles are rapidly heated to form a spray of partially or completely melted droplets. The large impact forces created as these particle arrive at the substrate surface promote strong particle-substrate adhesion and the formation of a dense coating of almost any desired material, with the coatings ranging in thickness from 25 microns to several millimeters, and formed at relatively high deposition rates.
Generally, the conventional powders used in thermal spray coating are produced by a series of steps, involving ball milling, mechanical blending, high temperature reaction, and occasionally spray drying using a binder. Powder delivery systems in thermal spray technology are designed to work with powder agglomerates with particle size in the range from 5 to 25 microns. The minimum size of the constituent grains or particles in conventional powders is in the range of 1 to 0.5 microns. In contrast, in nanostructured materials, the size of the constituent grains or particles is in the range from 1 to 100 nanometers. As-synthesized nanoparticle powders are thus generally unsuitable for conventional thermal spray coating, and need to be reprocessed in order to satisfy the size requirements of conventional spray technology. Accordingly, there remains a need for methods of re-processing as-synthesized powders so that they are suitable for conventional commercial spray deposition. Alternatively, there remains a need for allowing reliable, inexpensive high-throughput direct injection of an as-synthesized powder, or chemical precursor for in-situ particle synthesis into the thermal spray apparatus in order to achieve reproducible, high-quality deposition of nanostructured coatings.
The above-discussed and other problems and deficiencies of the prior art are overcome or alleviated by the methods of the present invention, which for the first time allow the production of nanoparticle feeds suitable for use with conventional thermal spray technology.
Accordingly, in one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for reprocessing as-synthesized nanoparticle powders to an aggregated form suitable for conventional spray deposition of nanostructured coatings, wherein the as-synthesized powders are first dispersed in a liquid medium by means of ultrasound, then spray dried. These spray dried agglomerated nanostructured powders have a spherical shape and narrow particle size distribution in the optimal 10-50 micron range. These powders therefore have superior feed characteristics in thermal spraying and also experience uniform melting behavior in the combustion flame or plasma. As a consequence, the coatings display uniform nanostructures, negligible porosity, good substrate adhesion and excellent wear properties. In contrast to powders mixed by ball milling or mechanical blending, for example, the method of this invention allows mixing of the material's constituent elements at a molecular level.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for direct nanoparticle injection of as-synthesized powders into the combustion flame or plasma of a conventional thermal spray deposition device, wherein the as-synthesized powders are first dispersed in a liquid medium by means of ultrasound. Direct injection by this method allows reproducible deposition of high-quality nanostructured coatings without an intermediate re-processing step. The very short diffusion distance allows fast reactions to occur between nanoparticles and the vapor species in the gas stream, for example, carburization, nitridation, and boridization. This embodiment also allows the constituents of a given material to be mixed at a molecular level.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for the manufacture of nanostructured coatings using a metalorganic aerosol feedstock generated ultrasonically, wherein nanoparticle synthesis, melting and quenching are performed in a single operation.
The above-mentioned and other features and advantages of the present invention will be appreciated and understood by those skilled in the art from the following detailed description and drawings
Referring now to the drawings wherein like elements are numbered alike in the several FIGURES:
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of the examples of the synthesis of agglomerated nanostructured powders for use in thermal spray coating, including the method of the present invention for reprocessing as-synthesized powders;
FIG. 2 is a detailed flow diagram of the method of the present invention for reprocessing as-synthesized nanostructured powders;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of a WC/Co nanostructured powder produced by the reprocessing method of the present invention.
FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams comparing thermal spraying of conventional cermet powder particles and agglomerated cermet powder particles of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a depiction of the method of the present invention for the manufacture of nanostructured coatings using a metalorganic aerosol feedstock generated ultrasonically.
Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, in one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for reprocessing nanoparticle powders to an agglomerated form suitable for thermal spray deposition of nanostructured coatings. According to this method, as-synthesized nanostructured powders 10, 12 and 14 are ultrasonically disintegrated and dispersed in a liquid medium, and then spray-dried to form spherical nanoparticle agglomerates 16 suitable for thermal spray deposition. The original particles, typically less than 50 microns, can be reduced to submicron dimensions, forming a viscous slurry or a colloidal suspension within minutes. While nanoparticles 10 synthesized via the solution reaction (OSR or ASR) method, nanoparticles 12 synthesized via the SCP method, or nanoparticles 14 synthesized via the CVC method are each suitable for reprocessing by the method of the present invention, it is to be understood that nanoparticles synthesized by any method are suitable for use in the present invention. In addition, while the agglomerated nanoparticle powders are particularly useful for thermal spray deposition, they may also find utility in other applications requiring agglomerated nanoparticles.
In the practice of the method of this embodiment, an as-synthesized powder which may comprise the particles 10, 12, 14 or a mixture thereof is first suspended in a liquid medium to form suspension 18. The liquid medium may be aqueous-based or organic-based, depending on the desired characteristics of the final agglomerated powder. Suitable organic solvents include, but are not limited to, toluene, kerosene, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone and the like.
The medium is then treated with ultrasound to disperse the nanostructured material, forming dispersion 20. The ultrasonic dispersal effect is most pronounced in the cavitation zone 22 at the tip of the ultrasonic horn 24. The nanostructured powder may be merely dispersed in solution, or it may form a colloidal suspension, typically within minutes.
A binder is also added to the solution, forming mixture 26. In organic-based liquid mediums, the binder comprises from about 5% to about 15% by weight, and preferably about 10% by weight of paraffin dissolved in a suitable organic solvent. Suitable organic solvents include, but are not limited to, hexane, pentane, toluene and the like. In aqueous-based liquid mediums, the binder comprises an emulsion of commercially available polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), or some other water soluble polymer, formed in de-ionized water. The binder is present in the range from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of the total solution, and preferably from about 1% to about 10% by weight of the total solution. The preferred binder is CMC.
After mechanical mixing and if required further ultrasound treatment the suspension of nanostructured powder in the liquid medium 26 is spray-dried in hot air to form agglomerated particles 16. While any suitable non-reactive gas or mixture thereof may be used, hot nitrogen or hot argon is preferred. Because there is no requirement for the treatment of exhaust gases from the spray drier using aqueous-based liquid mediums, these are preferred where possible.
After spraying, powders 16 are heat-treated at low temperatures (<250� C.) to expel residual moisture, leaving the organic component (polymer or paraffin) as a binder phase. If necessary, a further heat treatment step at a high temperature effective to remove adsorbed and chemisorbed oxygen and to promote partial sintering may be added. For example, heat treatment at about 600� C. is effective. The resulting powder may then be used in conventional thermal spray deposition processes. The following non-limiting examples illustrate the method of re-processing as-synthesized nanostructured powders using ultrasonic dispersion.
Typical processing conditions for preparing nanostructured WC/Co powder agglomerates are as follows. Nanostructured WC/Co, prepared by means well-known in the art, is formed into an approximately 50 wt % solution in de-ionized and deoxygenated water. An ultrasonic horn, operating at a frequency of 20,000 Hertz and power of 300-400 watts, is used to disperse the nanostructured WC/Co to form a low viscosity slurry. With this energy input, original as-synthesized hollow spherical shell particles of 10-50 micron diameter are rapidly disintegrated and dispersed in the fluid medium, forming a dispersed phase of particle size of about 100 nm. Subsequently, 5-10 wt % carbon black and a 2-3% by weight solution of PVP in deionized, deoxygenated water are added to the suspension. Carbon black is optionally added to compensate for the carbon loss of WC particles by high reaction in the flame or plasma. CMC is also suitable for use with WC/Co materials.
After mixing and further ultrasonic treatment, the slurry is spray-dried in a commercial unit to form a powder consisting of solid spherical particles with a mean diameter in the 5-20 micron range as shown in FIG. 3. Finally, it is preferable to clean the powders after agglomeration by a low temperature de-gassing treatment under reduced pressure prior to back filling with dry nitrogen. The powders can then be stored indefinitely in nitrogen without degradation.
Because of the high surface area of the nanostructured WC/Co powder agglomerates, there is the potential for in-situ decarburization within the agglomerates, due to the presence of oxygen or oxygen-rich species. To eliminate this problem it is preferable to introduce a passivation treatment at some stage in the powder processing using a suitable oxygen-free compound, such as paraffin. The paraffin is chemisorbed on the high surface area nanoparticles. Preferably, the paraffin is introduced in a hexane solution (5-10% by weight).
The high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) process is ideally suited for depositing nanostructured cermet coatings, because of the relatively low flame temperature and short particle transit time, which minimizes deleterious reactions in the flame.
A feature of using cermet nanostructured powders such as WC/Co reprocessed by the method of the present invention is the homogeneous melting of the matrix (binder) phase upon thermal spray coating, with the formation of semi-solid or "mushy" particles. Referring now to FIGS. 4A and 4B, a conventional powder particle 40 contains a hard particle phase 42 surrounded by a solid matrix phase 44. In the thermal region of the spray apparatus, the solid matrix phase 44 becomes a molten matrix phase 46. Thus, in a conventional cermet powder particle 40 the large (5-25 micron diameter) carbide grain 42 undergoes little size change in the thermal region, because of the finite time for heat transfer during the 1 millisecond transit time between exiting the gun nozzle and impact with substrate. The coatings 48 formed by these particles may therefore be porous.
In contrast, the agglomerated cermet powder particles 50 of the present invention contain hard particles 52, with a grain size in the range from about 5 to about 50 nanometers, within a matrix phase 54, agglomerated by binder 56. During thermal spraying, the small size of the carbide grains 52 of the agglomerated nanostructured particles 50 allow the particles to rapidly dissolve in the molten matrix 58 to produce a "mushy" cermet particle 60. This mushy particle 60 will readily flow upon impact with the substrate to form a highly adherent dense coating with low porosity 62. The degree of fluidity of the impacting particle can be controlled by selecting the degree of superheat above the eutectic point of the impacting particles. Additionally, a high impact velocity of the mushy nanostructured cermet particles facilitates improved spreading and adhesion to the substrate surface.
Nanostructured Cr3C2/NiCr powders produced by the ASR and OSR methods are in the form of loose agglomerates of variable size and morphology. Using the above general procedure, these powders can be ultrasonically dispersed in an aqueous or organic liquid medium with a polymer or paraffin binder and spray dried to form uniform-sized spherical agglomerates of 5-25 microns diameter. Moreover, during thermal spraying, the nanocomposite powders experience partial melting and undergo splat quenching when they impact the substrate surface. This behavior is similar to that described for nanostructured WC/Co powders.
Nanostructured SiO2 powders may be produced by combustion flame synthesis, a commercial process. The as-synthesized powder has a high surface area (>400 m2/gm), and is in the form of hard agglomerates known as "cemented aggregates," with up to 10-100 nanoparticles per aggregate. Such powders can be readily dispersed in an aqueous solution because they are inherently hydrophilic. The resulting colloidal suspension, containing PVA, PVP or CMC as a binder, can then be converted into spherical agglomerates by spray-drying, as discussed above. The behavior in thermal spraying, however, is different since the SiO2 particles experience softening rather than melting.
The spray-dried agglomerated nanostructured powders described in the above examples have a spherical shape and narrow particle size distribution in the optimal 10-50 micron range. As such, they have superior feed characteristics in thermal spraying and also experience uniform melting behavior in the combustion flame or plasma, and the coatings formed therefrom display uniform nanostructures, negligible porosity, good substrate adhesion and excellent wear properties. In particular, coatings formed by this method from cermet materials such as WC/Co, Cr3C2/Ni, Fe3Mo3C/Fe have novel nanostructures comprising a nanodispersion of hard carbide phase in an amorphous or nanocrystalline metal-rich matrix phase, thereby displaying superior hardness and wear resistance.
In an alternative embodiment of this invention, nanostructured powder feeds are introduced into a thermal spray system directly after ultrasound dispersion. Suitable as-synthesized nanostructured powders for the practice of this invention are those produced by any physical method, such as GCP, or by chemical processing methods, such as the IGC and CVC methods, including hydroxyapatite and vitellium, WC/Co, Cr3C2/Ni, Fe3Mo3C/Fe, ZrO2, Al2O3, yttria-stabilized zirconia, SiC, SiCxNy, Si3N4, Cr3C2/NiCr, and MnO2. Such powders are monodispersed and loosely agglomerated. Particle size is easily controlled over the range 3-30 nanometer range by careful adjustments of certain critical processing parameters known in the art. These loosely agglomerated powders can be readily dispersed in de-ionized water, various alcohols or liquid hydrocarbons by ultrasonic agitation to form a colloidal suspension or slurry. This nanoparticle suspension or slurry can then be introduced, along with liquid kerosene fuel, directly into the combustion zone of an HVOF gun via the liquid feed. Alternatively, the suspension or slurry may be introduced in the form of an aerosol into the gas feed of a plasma or HVOF gun.
Characteristics of this embodiment are that the particles rapidly heat up in a short distance from the gun nozzle and almost instantaneously achieve the velocity of the gas stream, which is in the supersonic range. In some cases, the nanoparticles vaporize, prior to condensation on the cold substrate. In this case, the method becomes in effect a very high rate CVD process.
Where applicable for an individual composition, direct nanoparticle injection by this method offers a number of advantages. First, it eliminates the need for powder re-processing. Secondly, two or more nanoparticle feed systems, operating continuously or sequentially, can produce nanomultilayers or compositionally modulated structures, even down to nanoscale dimensions. Thirdly, the dispersion may be done in the same liquid used as the fuel for the thermal spray apparatus, e.g., kerosene. And finally, because of the short diffusion distances, very fast reactions occur between nanoparticles and the vapor species in the gas stream (e.g., carburization, nitridation and boridization).
The direct injection method may also be used to incorporate ceramic nanostructured whiskers, hollow shells, carbon block and other particulate forms into the nanocomposite coating. Hollow ceramic microspheres (1-5 microns diameter) are available commercially. More generally, mixtures of different phases and particle morphologies may be used to generate almost any desired coating structure, including whisker-reinforced and laminated nanocomposites.
The simplicity, versatility, and scaleability of the direct nanoparticles injection method thus presents opportunities to develop new classes of thermal sprayed nanostructured coatings. Moreover, because direct injection in thermal spray apparatuses can be adapted to existing thermal spray systems, it is inherently cost effective. The following non-limiting examples illustrate the method of this embodiment for injection of as-synthesized nanostructured powders directly after ultrasonic dispersion.
Nanostructured ZrO2, Al2O3, SiO2, MnOz and SiCxNy powders produced by the CVC method, or nanostructured Cr3C2/NiCr produced by the OSR process, are readily dispersed in organic liquid media to form colloidal suspensions, because of their ultra-fine particle size. Thus, these materials are ideal for direct injection of nanoparticles into the fluid stream of a typical thermal spray gun. High density coatings with amorphous and partially amorphous structures were produced from nanostructured SiO2 and nanostructured Cr3C2/NiCr powders respectively.
Submicron nanostructured WC/Co particles can be maintained in a highly dispersed state in a liquid phase after ultrasonic treatment provided that mechanical agitation is continuously applied. Thus, it is not necessary to form completely stable colloidal suspensions with nanostructured WC/Co powders. The coatings produced by subsequent direct injection into the combustion zone of a thermal spray gun are similar to those generated using powder agglomerates as feed materials.
The direct injection method was used to spray-deposit nanostructured yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings on pre-oxidized metal-CrAlY substrates. The coatings are preferentially compositionally graded to minimize thermal expansion mismatch stresses, which is a prerequisite to enhancing their resistance to spallation under thermal cycling conditions.
A novel type of thermal barrier coating (TBC) may be produced by introducing hollow ceramic microspheres into a nanostructured YSZ overlay coating, which is supported on a metal-CrAlY bond coat. Alternatively, the ceramic microspheres may be incorporated into the metal-CrAlY bond coat. In this case, a high volume fraction of microspheres is required to ensure a high thermal impedance for the coating layer.
When a slurry mixture of ceramic nanoparticles and hollow microspheres is introduced into a combustion flame or plasma, it is possible to selectively melt the nanoparticles while leaving the microspheres unmelted. Thus, a composite coating is developed in which the hollow ceramic spheres are bonded to the substrate by a dense nanograined ceramic coating.
Thermal barrier coatings of nanostructured YSZ may be prepared by either the reprocessing method or by the direct injection method. In either case, the final coating may consist of either equiaxed or columnar grains, depending primarily on the particle deposition rate and temperature gradient in the deposited coating.
In yet another embodiment of this invention, metalorganic precursor aerosols generated by an ultrasonic nozzle serve as feedstock materials for thermal spraying processing. This offers the advantage of combining of nanoparticle synthesis, melting and quenching in a single operation. Referring now to FIG. 5, liquid precursor 80 is introduced into ultrasonic nozzle 82. The nozzle sprays the resulting aerosol 84 into a plasma flame 86, generated by the passage of plasma gas over electrode 88, yielding nanoparticles 90, which may then be quenched on a substrate. For example, the metalorganic precursor hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) was ultrasonically atomized in air and delivered to the exit nozzle of a DC plasma gun. Rapid pyrolysis of the precursor compound led to the formation of clusters or nanoparticles of nanostructured SiCxNy, which emerged as a high velocity beam from the gun. The coating formed when these hot particles impinged and coalesced on the substrate surface.
The nanostructured coatings formed by the methods of this invention find utility in a broad range of applications. In particular, nanostructured coatings formed from hydroxyapatite or vitellium are useful in medical devices. The coatings display uniform nanostructures, negligible porosity, good substrate adhesion and excellent wear properties. In contrast to powders mixed by ball milling or mechanical blending, for example, the method of this invention allows mixing of the material's constituent elements at a molecular level. The very short diffusion distance in the direct injection embodiment allows fast reactions to occur between nanoparticles and the vapor species in the gas stream, for example, carburization, nitridation, and boridization.
While preferred embodiments have been shown and described, various modifications and substitutions may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the present invention has been described by way of illustrations and not limitation.
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|International Classification
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|European Classification
|Apr 13, 2004
|Certificate of correction
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|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jan 24, 2011
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|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees


text:
Manchester United manager David Moyes expects striker Wayne Rooney to be fit for Saturday's visit to Sunderland.
The England international was omitted from the club's 1-1 UEFA Champions League draw with Shakhtar Donetsk, after suffering a swollen shin in a training-ground clash with team-mate Danny Welbeck.
United could only stumble to draw in the Ukraine on Wednesday, with Taison cancelling out Welbeck's first-half opener.
But Moyes is confident of having Rooney available again for the weekend, in a much-needed boost ahead of the visit to the Premier League's bottom side.
"Wayne Rooney will be okay for Saturday," the United boss confirmed.
"He clashed shins with Danny Welbeck. At a push, we probably could have risked him (against Shakhtar) but we decided not to."
Moyes was happy to take a point in the Group A fixture, after seeing his side suffer a second consecutive loss in the Premier League to West Brom on Saturday.
And while he conceded that he was unhappy his team had failed to take all three points on their return to European action, the Scot felt that a draw was a fair result.
He added: "We had to be harder to play against than we have in recent games and we were.
"I'm beginning to understand the players a bit better. They were aware of how tough a game it was going to be and I thought we defended very well.
"There's a bit of disappointment that we didn't see the game out but I felt Shakhtar deserved something from the game."
|K. Westwood
|J. O'Shea
|O. Celustka
|V. Roberge
|C. Gardner
|5' 53'
|A. Johnson
|L. Cattermole
|Sung-Yeung Ki
|J. Colback
|E. Giaccherini
|J. Altidore
|Coach: K. Ball
|De Gea
|N. Vidić
|P. Evra
|P. Jones
|M. Carrick
|T. Cleverley
|A. Januzaj
|48' 61' 62'
|R. van Persie
|W. Rooney
|Coach: D. Moyes
for C. Gardner 56'
for A. Johnson 64'
for Sung-Yeung Ki 74'
for Nani 76'
for A. Januzaj 77'
for Rafael 85'
|´If I have to leave Bayern, then I will´ - Benatia
|Walker ´over the moon´ after Pochettino agrees new deal
|MLS Review: Villa leads City, Impact held
|We´d probably be relegated without Defoe – Allardyce
|Koeman: Leicester will do well in Champions League
|Ronaldo needs rest or could miss Euros - doctor
|United shaped me as a player - Schlupp
|Sanchez, Vidal lead Chile´s Copa squad
|Arsenal´s patience paid off - Cech
|I will know Madrid´s plans - Pellegrini
|Granada 3 Las Palmas 2: Superb comeback boosts hosts´ survival hopes
|Martinez pleased with impact of new faces
|Ligue 1 Review: Lyon, Monaco continue fight for second
|Serie A Review: Fiorentina frustrated, Torino hit five
|Barca keeper Bravo set for tests on calf strain
|Barca will not rely on rivals slipping up - Luis Enrique
|Simeone: I am not a fortune teller
|Neil defiant in defeat
|Real Betis 0 Barcelona 2: Rakitic and Suarez edge champions back ahead in title race
|´Protests more like disappointed love´ - Wenger sorry he cannot keep Arsenal fans happy
|Bundesliga Review: Monchengladbach and Dortmund delay Bayern´s title party
|Arsenal should be doing better, concedes match-winner Welbeck
|Black wants Villa display to build bridges
|Tuchel: Hummels abuse went too far
|Flores laments mixed Hornets performance
|Scottish Premiership Review: Celtic made to wait by Aberdeen
|Ribery a doubt for Bayern´s crunch Atletico clash
|Arsenal 1 Norwich City 0: Substitute Welbeck boosts under-fire Wenger
|Allardyce rues Sunderland nerves after Stoke draw
|Atletico Madrid 1 Rayo Vallecano 0: Griezmann maintains title momentum
|Benitez salutes Newcastle ´heroes´ Townsend and Darlow
|Hughes disappointed by Sunderland penalty call
|Football League Review: Wigan confirm promotion to Championship
|Bilic confident of Europe after West Brom win
|Howe defends players´ efforts after form slump
|Bale can match Ronaldo´s run - Zidane
|Watford poor in Villa win, concedes Deeney
|Hummels slams ´nonsense´ claims over Bayern request
|Zidane hopeful on Ronaldo, Benzema as Madrid give backing to medics
|Pardew rues Cabaye penalty miss in defeat to Newcastle
|West Brom did not get the breaks - Pulis
|Fan protests of no concern to Martinez
|Ramos urges Real Madrid to ´fight to the end´
|Defoe: You haven´t got a choice, I had to score
|Watford 3 Aston Villa 2: Late Deeney double sinks Villa
|Stoke City 1 Sunderland 1: Defoe snatches point but Allardyce´s men slip into bottom three
|Real Sociedad 0 Real Madrid 1: Late Bale winner keeps title challenge alive
|West Brom 0 West Ham 3: Noble brace boosts European hopes
|Newcastle United 1 Crystal Palace 0: Townsend, Darlow heroics boost Benitez
|Everton 2 AFC Bournemouth 1: Baines strike eases pressure on Martinez
|Leno to stay at Leverkusen after buyout clause expires
|Bayern Munich 1 Borussia Monchengladbach 1: Hahn puts title celebrations on hold
|Borussia Dortmund 5 Wolfsburg 1: Fans round on Hummels but title hopes remain
|Watzke won´t give up on keeping Hummels
|Pepe tips Zidane to become top coach
|Allegri and Mancini laud Ranieri´s Leicester heroics
|Allegri still hopes to keep Morata at Juventus
|Mancini praises ´top-quality´ Banega
|´Even Guardiola needed time´ - Brocchi has no regrets over taking AC Milan role
|Willian desperate for next season to arrive
|Mancini: Inter season not a disaster
|Chelsea v Tottenham: Pochettino hopes derby motivation keeps title chase alive
|Crotone not Italy´s Leicester, says director Ursino
|Klopp: Flanagan still faces fitness battle
|Manchester United v Leicester City: Ranieri aiming for Hollywood ending to title push
|Hummels to Bayern is the logical deal - Hitzfeld
|Shaw pushing for United comeback this season
|Sportiello ´proud´ to be linked with Napoli
|Arsenal must change to end title drought - Cazorla
|Tete can´t confirm Bayern interest
|Montero, Valencia set for Copa America Centenario
|Vardy, Mahrez more important than Leicester´s defence - Martinez
|Pellegrini blasts ´unbelievable´ Premier League fixtures
|Standard Liege terminate Valdes´ loan deal
|Hiddink: Leicester will not disappear
|Mata: Leicester can wait a week
|Pizarro, Farfan not included in Peru´s 40-man Copa squad
|Wenger: My loyalty helped build Emirates
|Pochettino eyes Ferguson legacy at Tottenham
|Thompson to leave Melbourne Victory
|New York Red Bulls 4 FC Dallas 0: Hosts make it two in a row
|Blanc hails ´motivated and disciplined´ PSG
|Van Gaal: Easier for Leicester to sign players than United
|No shocks as Paraguay announce provisional Copa squad
|Suarez headlines Uruguay´s Copa America squad
|Sturridge reveals he is ´not Liverpool for life´ and hopes to match Suarez success
|David Luiz, Silva and Marcelo absent from Brazil´s preliminary Copa America squad
|Augsburg 0 Cologne 0: Weinzierl´s men edge closer to survival
|Sporting Gijon 2 Eibar 0: Hosts boost survival hopes
|Klopp has no regrets over Sturridge snub
|Birmingham City 2 Middlesbrough 2: Karanka´s men left to rue Davis volley
|Sterling can make the difference for City, insists Pellegrini
|Paris Saint-Germain 4 Rennes 0: Blanc´s men equal Ligue 1 points record
|Juventus complete permanent Lemina capture
|Lazio v Inter: Melo working hard for Brazil recall
|AC Milan v Frosinone: Galliani insists Honda will stay
|Pochettino still believes Tottenham can win Premier League
|Manchester United v Leicester City: Ranieri aiming for Hollywood ending to title push
|Juventus v Carpi: Pogba already eyeing further titles
|Mahrez fled St Mirren trial on a bike due to ´abusive´ Scottish weather
|United cannot allow Leicester to claim title at Old Trafford – Van Gaal
|Simeone confident Saul will stay at Atleti
|Stendel handed Hannover deal despite relegation
|Hughes: I will not encourage Everton rumours
|Swansea City v Liverpool: Focused Klopp puts Villarreal on the back-burner
|Allardyce mind games will not make a difference – Benitez
|Statistics disprove Wenger´s away-day champions claim
|Pochettino defends Alli after punch ´mistake´
|Koeman hints at Southampton extension
|Southampton v Manchester City: Pellegrini eyes Premier League momentum
|Ranieri: This is history, but I am not nervous
|Chelsea skipper Terry to return for Tottenham clash
|City fume at Premier League fixtures
|Totti to Barca? Why not!? - Luis Enrique
|Klopp hits out at Swansea scheduling
|Guardiola talks up Germany centre-half - but it´s not Mats Hummels
|Pellegrini concern over Toure fitness
|Pochettino verbally agrees new contract
|Tuchel happy for Hummels to remain Dortmund captain
|Luis Enrique unconcerned about playing after Real and Atletico
|Zidane demands Sociedad focus
|Robben not out for the season
|Capello: Determination key to Simeone success
|Weakening Bundesliga rivals is Bayern´s philosophy - Thon
|Madrid refusing to rule Ronaldo out of City clash
|Redknapp takes Central Coast Mariners consultancy job
|Rashford reminds me of Van Basten - Merson
|Wenger blames Emirates atmosphere for Arsenal title slump
|O´Neill compares ´extraordinary´ Leicester to Clough´s Forest
|Zamparini sanctioned for Infantino comments
|´It was this year or never´ - Mahrez on Leicester´s title tilt
|Allardyce hails ´mini-miracle´ transfer window
|Howe not celebrating survival just yet
|Hummels has ´behaved impeccably´, says Watzke
|Keeping Koeman must be Saints´ ´number one priority´ - Le Tissier
|Pogba: I want to be better than Pele and Maradona
|Wenger rounds on Arsenal critics
|Platini optimistic as CAS hearing begins
|Dembele still believes Tottenham can lift title
|Le Saux hails ruthless Ranieri
|Adelaide United v Western Sydney Wanderers: Heartache to end for one as quest for first championship
|Torres tight-lipped on Atletico future
|Martinez has no guarantees over Everton future
|Copa Libertadores Review: Independiente stun defending champions, Tevez leads Boca
|Bilic backs video technology
|Olsen: Faroe Islands inspired Leicester´s title bid
|Herrera: United don´t want Leicester to win title at Old Trafford
|Hart out to erase painful Bernabeu memories
|Perisic: Liverpool and Chelsea should talk to Inter
|Allardyce doubts Palace focus ahead of Newcastle trip
|Weah to run for president of Liberia
|Klopp warns Villarreal Europa League tie is not over
|Pique: Losing La Liga would be a failure
|Villarreal were not lucky to beat Liverpool - Marcelino
|Lucescu: Shakhtar still believe in final
|Emery insists Sevilla not there yet
|Toure and Mignolet confident of Liverpool turnaround


text:
9/5/2012 (3 years ago)
Catholic Online (www.catholic.org)
Given Joe Biden's support for what his Church has identified as intrinsic evils - and thereby persistently against the common good - and given Paul Ryan's position consistent with the indisputable and unchangeable teachings of his Church on these issues, it seems that what is involved is not a "Tale of Two Catholics" but rather a tale of one Catholic and one . . . well, whatever we call him, it is something considerably less than Catholic. An intrinsic evil is always against the common good, regardless of the circumstances. No Catholic politician can advance an intrinsic evil.
Catholic Online (www.catholic.org)
9/5/2012 (3 years ago)
Published in Politics & Policy
Keywords: Paul Ryan, Joe Biden, abortion, homosexual, marriage, gay, right to life, pro-choice, intrinsic evil, Andrew M. Greenwell, Esq.
CORPUS CHRISTI, TX (Catholic Online) - This election season we are presented with some fundamental contrasts on a whole series of levels, politics, economy, health care, and so forth. But perhaps no contrast is more interesting than the contrast between two supposedly Catholic vice presidential candidates, the Republican Representative Paul Ryan and the current Vice President, the Democrat Joe Biden.
Numerous articles have been written on the face-off between these two under the title, "A Tale of Two Catholics," for example, the Huffington Post, the Washington Post, the Underground, and CBN News.
Now political differences are political differences, and they ordinarily do not touch on fundamental matters of faith and morals. This is because politics, which has classically been defined as the art of the possible, is, in the main, involved in prudential decisions.
There simply is no "one right answer," much less "one right Catholic answer," when it comes to issues relating to elements of social welfare, the budget, health care and assuring access to it, and similar matters that relate to the common good. People can have all sorts of opinions--all of them very probably valid--regarding the proper application of Catholic Social Doctrine's main principles such as solidarity, subsidiarity, the preferential option for the poor, and so forth.
Ordinarily, therefore, it is in bad faith to demonize your political opponent by suggesting he is being untrue to Catholic social or doctrinal principles merely because he has a political opinion different than yours. Where prudential decisions are involved, I would go so far as to say that it is always in bad faith to suggest your opponent is untrue or unfaithful at the level of doctrine. Here, the saying often erroneously attributed to St. Augustine, but actually stemming from the 16th century Archbishop of Split, Marco Antonio de Dominis, applies: "In necessary things unity; in doubtful things liberty; in all things charity."
In matters of prudence, we truly can have a tale of two Catholics.
But the general rule does not always apply, and we might say it is subject to an exception when there is an intrinsic evil involved. No Catholic politician can advance an intrinsic evil, for the simple reason that no person can, in the exercise of prudence, advance an intrinsic evil as something that is in the common good.
An intrinsic evil is always against the common good, regardless of the circumstances. At best, they ought to be worked against. At worst, one may have to tolerate an intrinsic evil because to extirpate it would cost more good than good gained through its suppression, or cause more evil than the evil reduced by its suppression.
For this reason, St. Thomas Aquinas famously stated that prostitution--an intrinsic evil if there ever was one--may have to be tolerated, since "in human government," there may be instances where "those who are in authority rightly tolerate certain evils, lest certain goods be lost, or certain evils be incurred: thus Augustine says: 'If you do away with harlots, the world will be convulsed with lust.'"
Whether an intrinsic evil ought, in a given civil society, be suppressed or tolerated is generally a prudential decision which would depend upon the evil involved, the virtue of the population, its legal traditions, its homogeneity, and other pertinent circumstances.
Some intrinsic evils, however, cannot be tolerated without an abrogation of the government's legitimacy. A government that tolerates rape, incest, torture, murder, or genocide, for example--and one must here include abortion--for example, has serious questions as to its continued legitimacy. Failure to support the natural institution of marriage is another such abrogation which puts into question a government's legitimacy.
But toleration of an intrinsic evil in those circumstances where it may be warranted is something altogether different than promotion or support of an intrinsic evil.
And it is in the area of intrinsic evils where the comparison of Ryan and Biden as a "tale of two Catholics," falls apart.
This is because there are some areas where Biden promotes (and does not merely advocate toleration of) things the Church considers to be intrinsic evils, something no Catholic can in any circumstances do. And he tolerates things no government ought ever to tolerate without the loss of legitimacy. Ryan, on the other hand, has never, so far as I know, advanced or promoted something the Church considers an intrinsic evil.
There are two such areas that might be pointed out: abortion and homosexual "marriage."
First, indisputably and without doubt, the Church teaches that abortion is an intrinsic evil. The Church also teaches that homosexual sexual acts, which are legitimized in homosexual "marriage," are indisputably and without doubt intrinsic evils. Therefore, Catholic lawmakers are morally compelled to express opposition to any laws that legitimate abortion and homosexual "marriage," and publicly to vote against laws that would promote in any way abortion or homosexual "marriage."
What are Biden's views regarding these two intrinsic evils?
Well, we might just let him speak:
Biden on abortion: "My position is that I am personally opposed to abortion, but I don't think I have a right to impose my view on the rest of society. I've thought a lot about it, and my position probably doesn't please anyone. I think the government should stay out completely. I will not vote to overturn the Court's decision [in Roe v. Wade]. I will not vote to curtain a woman's right to choose an abortion."
(N.B. Of course, if a woman has a "right," then the state must enforce that right, so for him to stay that the "government should stay out completely" is a falsehood or at least absolutely inconsistent with his prior statements.)
Biden on same-sex "marriage": "I am absolutely comfortable with the fact that men marrying men, women marrying women, and heterosexual men and women marrying another are entitled to the same exact rights, all the civil rights, all the civil liberties. And quite frankly, I don't see much of a distinction--beyond that."
Now compare Ryan:
Ryan on abortion: "I cannot believe any official or citizen can still defend the notion that an unborn human being has no rights that an older person is bound to respect." "How long can we sustain our commitment to freedom if we continue to deny the very foundation of freedom--life--for the most vulnerable human beings?"
Ryan on same-sex "marriage": "I believe that marriage should remain between a man and a woman, and I have heard from many of the people I represent who are concerned about activist judges abusing their power and rewriting our society's definition of marriage."
Given Joe Biden's support for what his Church has identified as intrinsic evils persistently against the common good, and given Paul Ryan's position consistent with the indisputable and unchangeable teachings of his Church on these issues, it seems that what is involved is not a "Tale of Two Catholics," but rather a tale of one Catholic and one . . . well, something considerably less than Catholic.
Andrew M. Greenwell is an attorney licensed to practice law in Texas, practicing in Corpus Christi, Texas. He is married with three children. He maintains a blog entirely devoted to the natural law called Lex Christianorum. You can contact Andrew at firstname.lastname@example.com.
By David Drudge (CALIFORNIA NETWORK)
Have we won the ground war in Afghanistan? According to the government reports and the media, we sure have. However, this is not what one whistleblower has said, warning as early as 2012 that the American people are being deceived by the government. LOS ANGELES, CA ... continue reading
By Kenya Sinclair (CALIFORNIA NETWORK)
Thousands attended Donald Trump's Orange County rally - then broke out in violent protest. LOS ANGELES, CA (Catholic Online) - The Trump rally in Costa Mesa's Orange County Amphitheater was overflowing with supporters. There were several supporters who couldn't fit ... continue reading
By Kevin J. Jones (CNA/EWTN News)
The Obama administration's new rule for faith-based partnerships has drawn various reactions: one observer warned they could cause problems for partnering religious groups, while another said the action also strengthens these groups' protections against government ... continue reading
By Kenya Sinclair (CALIFORNIA NETWORK)
New York Mayor Bill de Blasio's closest aides have been issued subpoenas to aid the investigation into his shady fundraising strategies. LOS ANGELES, CA (Catholic Online) - The scandal surrounding de Blasio's fundraising has made headlines since 2014, when a leaked ... continue reading
By David Drudge (CALIFORNIA NETWORK)
Donald Trump delivered his first full speech on foreign policy and he sounded fairly presidential while doing so. Trump is not a politician by trade, but he may make an excellent president thanks to his extensive business acumen. Trump is on the path to the Republican ... continue reading
By Kenya Sinclair (CALIFORNIA NETWORK)
The race for the presidential nominee has been full of surprises as history-making events, claims of foul play, dirty dealings and controversial statements have cropped up in abundance. Candidates have, at times, been caught up in a tight race, but Tuesday's primary ... continue reading
By David Drudge (CALIFORNIA NETWORK)
Donald Trump is on track to win both the primary and the election, according to the numbers. He is on a better trajectory than Mitt Romney was in 2008. Meanwhile, Hillary Clinton, while winning her primary, is losing support. LOS ANGELES, CA (California Network) - ... continue reading
By David Drudge (CALIFORNIA NETWORK)
Ted Cruz and John Kasich have teamed up to block Donald Trump from winning the Republican nomination. The rivals have agreed to divide upcoming primary states, so they can efficiently spend resources attacking Trump instead of each other. LOS ANGELES, CA (California ... continue reading
By Thomas Heed (CALIFORNIA NETWORK)
Men with bad motives or who live dissolute lifestyles have always been potential sexual threats to women - and now women have been pushed further into their corners as "transgender rights" rise to prominence as the newest notion of the sexual revolution. These rights ... continue reading
By Kenya Sinclair (CALIFORNIA NETWORK)
World leaders have finally realized the destruction they have been allowing the planet to endure - and the ensuing consequences. LOS ANGELES, CA (Catholic Online) - A shocking number of 175 global leaders gathered at the United Nations headquarters to sign the Paris ... continue reading


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Watch: Experience An Entire London Day In 30 Seconds
There is no such thing as an "average" day in London. Each day brings with it a fresh new wave of experiences, dramas, and stresses. As the people at Foursquare know only too well. Over the last 12 months, the company has been collating all of the check-in data for some of the world's major cities to create videos depicting what an "average" day actually looks like.
The 30-second video for London begins with the rush of commuters zooming into the city (depicted in green) and as the day progresses, the green gives way to clusters of blue, which is the colour for nightlife. What is slightly embarrassing is the time at which everything is done and dusted in the city. At 3 a.m., the city that has claimed in the past to be a one-stop 24-hour party shop is fast asleep. Not that we mind too much, as there is still something pretty wonderful about watching the lifeforce of this city undulate and recede with our very own eyes. Who knew that
bragging letting the world know about where you're eating, drinking, and dancing could look so good? (Londonist)
- London | Foursquare London Map Video - Sept 2013
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Erin Donnelly
Sep 28, 2015
The U.K. Has A Women's Equality Party
While U.S. voters dodge the latest Donald Trump sound bites and ponder Hillary Clinton's chances of becoming the first female American president, the U.K. political system is undergoing something of a transformation. It's all thanks to the Women's Equality Party, formed this spring and already considered the fastest ...
Erin Donnelly
Aug 24, 2015


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Futures Leaking As Japan Cuts Economic Assessment And Aussie Home Sales Slump
No sooner had Azumi announced his rather unsurprising admission (via Bloomberg) that:
then Aussie Home Sales came in much weaker than expected (and their lowest in six months). The repatriation of JPY accelerated - dragging JPY higher and snapping all the other majors lower relative to the USD; and AUD weakened significantly (though already priced for some easing). Of course, as a funding pair for everything still, the AUDJPY carry-unwind is weighing on equity futures (though minimally for now).
AUDJPY vs ES...
but all the JPY crosses are under pressure (up is USD strength in chart below):
Charts: Bloomberg
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The bullshit continues then. Metals sell off, treasuries rally and anything with yield hold's the line. This is like being in a shitty purgatory.
The forex markets are so large compared to any other class it is not even funny. When the unwind comes watch all classes crash but the USD and the crappy UST. Not because either are quality, but just simply the fact they are the most attractive horses in the glue factory.
just simply the fact they are the most attractive horses in the glue factory
Not even that. Just simply the fact that they are the most irrational credit bubble of all. The USD is junk through & through.
What's to come for AUDCNY now that China is buying less?
We are acting like a 3 point drop in the ES is a catastrophe. This will be erased by 8:00am tomorrow. New highs for the year are coming up this week. Ostrich robots.
No bro. I'm seeing an overnight rise and chop to blood farts tomorrow. but yea, "falls" these days are so weak it's like, why even buy vix or equities?
& if the market were behaving normally, tomorrow would be a shitstorm to remember.
As for metals, yea, Ive been saying snapback for 3 days now. & omfg, the aud fell a little bit against the yen. THIS HAS BEEN HAPPENING FOR MONTHS. & lets NOT FORGET, THE AUSSIES HOUSING BUBBLE IS GOING TO EXPLODE. WTF do you think that will do to their dollar and how is their central bank going to react? I've give you a hint, it involves making paper = 0
blasphemy!!!!!! HOW DARE YOU????? :P /sarc ;)
Quit your whining and just buy Apple.
kyle bass...period.
The robots will have that churned higher in no time.
My 2 year old has not slept in 5 nights. She's scared of robots. Up all night yelling about the robots. I never knew we could have so much in common....
It's not the robot, it's who's at the controls.
(pure evil)
I remember growing up watching shows like Lost in Space ... I used to think robots were really cool. Nowadays not so much.
You didnt think that paper gold was actually useful did you?
paper gold gets dug out of the ground in Africa, or someplace. Then we melt it down, dig another hole, bury it again and pay people to stand around guarding it. It has no utility. Anyone watching from Mars would be scratching their head
Actually, if we presume there are aliens out there and that aliens trade with other aliens, then I can see only GOLD as the universal form of money (literally). How else do you do interplantery commerce? If they were to pass by and see us guarding it, they'd probably steal if off of us.
Yeah, we used to trade Uranium until we got visit from Earth one shiny day - it was a brown man with big ears, telling us about hope and change. He made us realize that paper is worth more than gold or uranium and we made a very beneficial collateral agreement. We will soon be rich and spoiled - no need to invade Earth anymore!
Hope and change, Earthlings!
is it still winter in Australia .....wait until their spring slump !!!!!
I've never figured out how anyone manages to hold on down there, hanging from the bottom of the world as they do.
I'd ask one of them myself, but damn if I can understand the gobbledygook facsimile of English in which they communicate between themselves.
I was born in Australia, I have lived in Australia most of my life, and I still don't understand what most Australians are saying. However, you can't really expect too much from a nation of bogans that celebrates violence as much as we do. It's not a good Friday or Saturday night out on the town if you haven't "king hit" some guy in the head and killed him (yes, this happens, with disturbing frequency).
It's not just the crazy accent and particularly the tortured vowels in (some) Australian English that confuses me, it is the incessant, even gratuitous, use of slang and abbreviated words that has frustrated the Hell out of me while talking to Australians --- when they know damned well that NOBODY but them is going to understand those words!
It was the same thing for me, in Spanish, while traveling in Chile --- they seem to love to go out of their way to use mangled words and slang, even to an obvious foreigner, which I eventually found insulting, and which led to me actually avoiding having to talk to people aside from minimalistic and absolutely necessary communication (and my "normal" Spanish is pretty good, too.)
Perhaps a little like this?
Not ridiculsouly heavy on the slang, but there's some terms he uses that I don't even get. This is an example of the typical male walking the streets of suburban Boganville, Australia.
I couldn't understand anybody half the time when I was working down south near Augusta, Georgia a while back-and they couldn't understand me half the time either.
I worked for a while with a guy from rural Texas, a good guy but damn if I didn't almost need a translator to communicate with him. He had about the heaviest Southern/Texan accent of anyone I have ever met. Sometimes, I actually had to have him write down what he was trying to say, I simply could not understand him. At least he was nice enough about it, and we laughed about it. Oddly, he had very little trouble understanding me.
Regarding slang, it is interesting how the national character defines what words are exalted to regular slang use.
In Australia, there is 'king hit' (devastating suckerpunch), 'skull beer' (drain it in one go), 'larrikin' (goodnatured thief)
According to Michael Lewis, in Germany all slang is feces-related. Not sure where I'm going with this.
Austen Tayshus - Australiana [Full and Uncensored - 1983]
I hear ya man. I'm also an Aussie but have been in the US for just over 10 years. No one believes me here when I tell them you couldn't go out without seeing a major brawl or a bouncer head kicking some drunk guy out onto the street (Chasers, Dome, King St.). Last time some wog bumped me and called me a Yanky cunt.
Everyone I know really wants to get the fuck out of there. No kidding.
Never knew about that kind of violence in Australia --- yikes!
There is NOTHING like that here in Alaska, which I have heard some people compare, in some ways, to Australia --- but too many people are armed here for that kind of thing --- anyone trying it would be essentially committing suicide. Also the reason why home burglaries are almost vanishingly rare up here --- most people, even if they do not carry in public, are armed at home.
Yep. Ever since they banned guns, crime shot up and the cost of drugs hit the floor. They couldn't have planned a better corruption of society.
I worked for 18 months after the House passed Cap & Tax and got it to go down in flames, never going to a vote in the Senate. I had a good amount of help doing it and was successful cause Americans are much smarter that Ausies.
we're all australians now
Australia Is Headed For The Disaster Zone
Steve Keen will have his day in the sun regarding the Aussie housing bubble. He has been warning them for years. Will be funny to play back the tapes of the real estate investors telling him back then he was full of shit.
Indeed. I will also like visiting people who have been saying for the last couple of years I should buy a property. While they are stuck in negative equity with theirs. Idiots, the lot of them
My parents keep saying "why haven't you bought a property yet?! It's the next thing you've got to do!" (much like the scene in Fight Club). I keep telling them that spending more than $400,000 just for a place to live isn't what I want to do. They look at me as if I've just stepped out of an asylum when I say I'd prefer to wait, buy some land, build a tiny house with reclaimed materials and live a quite life. Actually, most people give me the same look.
Everyone saw this coming but they bought...and bought...and bought...
Home prices look grim for [Melbourne] property owners
THE stagnant Victorian economy and a flood of new housing stock will form a road block to property price growth for the next three years.
They must mean three dog years (or 21 human years) when you look at China's slowdown, the cancelled projects and the massive layoffs by the Australian resource companies.
There's still plenty of people denying any sort of housing problems in the comments of this article:
This one's on the money:
"The party is over. All non mining sectors of the economy are in recession as are the non mining states. People will not commit to more debt as household debt is already 160% of income. The financial whizkids have scared the hell out of the public and every day there is more and more bad news from Europe. The fiscal cliff in the US and slashing of public spending by other countries and Australian and state governments will only add to the pain.
The real unemployment and underemployment rate is 18% and the much lauded investment pipleline in resources is being scaled back as companies put projects on hold. BHP alone has deferred $60B of expansion. The iron ore price is under $100/MT and predicted by the government's own report to drop back to $80/tonne in the short term and $60/tonne over the next 7 years as high quality African supply comes online. The natural gas price has plummeted so far in the US it is cheaper generate electricity using gas than coal and they can produce LNG at half the Asian price putting the massive investment in the North West Shelf in doubt.
Australia will be left high and dry as a high cost shallow economy with ridiculous cost of living. House prices will plummet back to reality and level out at the long term mean growth curve. First they will overcorrect on the downside though as always happens in a major correction and thousands of overleveraged littlelandlords will be left crying in their weeties.
- Commenter Allan
- Location Prahran
That guy is rather infamous on those comments pages. He's very bearish (with good reason), and people tell him to shut up and that he doesn't know what he's talking about. When it all comes crashing down, he'll say "I told you so" and no one will believe him.
It's certainly taken it's time this Australian housing crash thing. But more and more things are falling into place at an alarming rate, so I guess it's only a matter of time before the government stops friggin bleating on about how great the Australian economy is being the best in the world, blah, blah, blah as it certainly doesn't look so great from what I've been seeing.
I give it 6-12 months before the housing market starts to seriously tank. The top end is fucked(has been for awhile), forget the over-priced middle, the bottom to lower has been somewhat resilient(first home buyers grants will do that!), but house prices are definitely on the slide here in Oz.
Anyone want to buy an apartment I'm selling in Brisbane?
Chevron with 6,5% composition dow jones has lost bullish trend line, Caterpillar is close to lost bullish trend line too, but it has a perfect double top chart with hard bearish divergences at weekly chart.
IBM has touches bearish trendline and down !
VXX has already broke up the long bearish trend line 3 days ago...
so.....the final top to SP500 and Dow Jones was 1,426 !
Rally from 666 in March 2009 until 1,426 to SP500 is over ! over !
see here some charts to this topics : http://pracompraroupravender.blogspot.com.br/2012/08/chevron-com-65-no-dow-jones-perde-sua.html
hahahah......this time is different ! no way !! no way !! game is over !


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text:
SmartScore 99
SmartScore 99
SmartScore 86
SmartScore 92
Here's the question you clicked on:
this one was tough for me. -9y - 6 = -33
Get y by itself. To do that. Your first move is to add 6 to both sides. Then what do you think you do?
im not sure what to do next
y = -3
thank you every one
it;s 3 not -3
This is a place of learning. Please don't devalue the question by just posting what you think is the answer with no reason why you got your answer.
Hear, hear!!!
true dat
it's 3 believe me I'm an engineer :P
ok ok
well i think i have one more question so im going to go post it byeee


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I'm honestly surprised most about people assuming this is a direct sequel.
Because the moment I saw this trailer, my mind instantly went "OK, so Cloverfield isn't a monster movie, it's a franchise for JJ's off-brand series of Twilight Zone films."
I loved Cloverfield but I truly think this'll have nothing to do with that movie other than a similar tone/sci-fi ideas. And I love that idea.


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Utah Jazz: Derrick Favors on board; Gordon Hayward next?
Ravell Call, Deseret News
SALT LAKE CITY — While celebrating Derrick Favors' contract extension at a press conference Monday morning, Jazz general manager Dennis Lindsey leaked part of a conversation he had with the power forward's agent during negotiations.
Wallace Prather, the man Lindsey described as being a "father figure" to Favors, opened the talks with a query that caught Utah's lead negotiator off guard.
"You guys may not believe this," Lindsey said, "but the first question that Wallace had for me was not, 'How much money is Derrick going to get?' It (was), 'Can you keep the young core together?' "
Lindsey smiled relating the story and added, "That question was very much appreciated by ownership."
It set the tone for an amicable resolution, which came almost two weeks ahead of the Oct. 31 deadline for extending contracts for 2010 draftees. A week ago Saturday, the 6-foot-10 Favors signed an incentive-based four-year deal worth at least $47.7 million. It kicks in after this season, when the fourth-year player will make $6 million, and keeps the Atlanta native in Utah through 2017-18.
"I want to stay in Utah," Favors said. "I'm happy being here."
Though this conference was about the 22-year-old Favors securing his future in the Beehive State, the bigger question looming over the Jazz organization is the same one his agent asked Lindsey.
Will the Jazz be able to keep the young core together?
Lindsey said the team will exercise options to keep center Enes Kanter and guard Alec Burks on board through 2014-15, but shooting guard Gordon Hayward's future remains up in the air.
"If," Jazz CEO Greg Miller said, "we have players that we think have the skill and the ability that it takes to win a championship or at least show promise of that and we can get all of the negotiations and contract speculation behind us so that we can focus on playing the game of basketball and getting better every single game, that's going to be a good thing for all of us."
Hayward's camp and the Jazz have a lot of work to do before coming to an agreement that'd keep the former Butler star in a Utah uniform for another four or five years after this season.
Lindsey wouldn't comment on the process, but, after pouring praise on Favors, Miller admitted he hopes to have Hayward's situation settled this week.
"Gordon is a player who shows a lot of promise. I think we've seen a lot of growth and development with him over the last few years, and I'm very interested in keeping him as a member of the Utah Jazz," Miller said. "The sooner we can get all that worked out, the sooner it's not going to be a distraction. I'm hoping that we can get that done sooner than later."
The clock is running down.
If the sides don't strike an extension deal by 9:59 p.m. MDT on Halloween, Hayward will become a restricted free agent at the end of the 2013-14 season. Utah will be in the same situation with Kanter and Burks next offseason.
"I'm still in the same spot, letting them (agent and Jazz) worry about it," Hayward said before Monday's practice. "Today, I'm going to focus on getting better in practice."
Moments after Favors' press conference, Hayward was asked if he hopes the Jazz will be holding a similar one for him this week. He deftly deflected the question to congratulate his teammate and the franchise.
"It's great for him. I'm really happy for him," Hayward said. "Great for the organization. Derrick's going to be good for Utah for a long time."
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text:
SmartScore 99
SmartScore 99
SmartScore 86
SmartScore 92
Here's the question you clicked on:
RAiNY DAYS
I overcame rainy days in my life, didn't need you girl anyway,ill be fine, just as long the sun keep shining my way, ima be alright, ima be okay
You tell me you love me and you can't get enough But then you call me and you tell me that were breaking up Look what you do to me Seems like you're out to ruin me And every time you lie, you make a fool of me Change your ways girl, you'll probably lose me It's not a game girl, cause you'll be losing A good thing and you don't have to explain But you have to take responsibility for the pain, you gave me I thought you'll always be my lady You told me to hold on, and like a fool I keep on waiting It's alright though, I'll find someone new And if that's the way you want it, then the choice is on you But just remember that I didn't need you around I kept you cause I love you not for you to put me down, I bet you see now How a man can grow strong and if loving you was wrong Then I got to move on.
awwe. i like it. kinda sad though.. haha
i love ur happy poems/songs!!
thanks this one came from the heart <3
I ove when thigs coe from the heart and not from the head js :)
*love lol
i could tell... it made me sad just reading it.
I guess it wasn't really meant to be But I'm glad it happened now cause it would happen eventually It's sad to see it didn't end how I wanted It's sad to see I wasn't the one you wanted I guess I got to start over and try Start with someone new, like a girl that won't lie and break my heart like you did It's a shame, nobody ever made me feel the way that you did I'm caught up in the middle of a feeling that I dont want to get rid off But you take yourself away from me And I can't understand cause you're still unhappy Even though I tried my best to make you happy You say I don't deserve you, you don't deserve me You're the type of girl that would do something just to hurt me And yeah I guess it's true I don't know much about you But I do know one thing that I'll do better without you
i like it lol cnt explain it lol
i like it


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Arizona Cardinals
Darnell Dockett, Bradley Sowell get into skirmish at Arizona Cardinals practice
Bruce Arians said he does not want to see his players fight each other during practice.
Though tempers tend to flare as training camp wears on and the physical nature of the game can lead to a scuffle or two, the Arizona Cardinals' head coach has made it perfectly clear that Cardinal-on-Cardinal crime will not be tolerated.
So when defensive tackle Darnell Dockett and offensive lineman Bradley Sowell had a little dustup Monday at University of Phoenix Stadium, the coach punished them by having them leave practice.
They didn't head straight for the locker room, though. No, the two were ordered to briskly take laps around the field where their teammates were practicing for the remainder of the session.
"We were coming off the big win, obviously, as a team where we looked good," Sowell said. "The message today was to come out and don't be complacent. Obviously me and Dockett had the same mindset there. Neither one of us were going to go there. It happened the way it happened.
"We were both being competitive and it got a little heated."
Indeed. Dockett ended up pushing Sowell's head into the ground a couple of times before the two were separated by teammates.
Dockett did not speak to reporters following practice, but appeared the two did some talking while running their laps.
Sowell said the two understand how things go in the NFL, that every now and then the competitiveness can manifest itself in that way. They each want to win, he said, which is why it's easy to move on from it all.
"If you noticed, every drill, we got into a skirmish every drill, so I knew it was going to eventually get heated," Sowell added. "But we're teammates. At the end of the day it's done. It's done now. Both of us want to get better, so it's how it happened."
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text:
SmartScore 99
SmartScore 99
SmartScore 86
SmartScore 92
Here's the question you clicked on:
Inertia keeps your vehicle moving until a force slows it down, like __________ ? A. applying the brake B. strong winds C. another vehicle D. both A and C
This is a simple question. I'll tell you what "inertia" is. INERTIA is where an object resists changing from being still, to moving. Or moving, to becoming still. In other words, when something is sitting still, like a chair, there are physical forces that prevent it from moving, all by itself. Take a look at your question here. It's talking about a car. When a car is moving, there are invisible, physical forces that prevent the car from stopping, all by itself. The car MUST be stopped by something else. It cannot stop all by itself. For example, you can stop your car, when you step on the brakes. The brakes stop the car. You can also stop you car by crashing it into another car. The car crash stops the car. You get it? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Also, this isn't really a Spanish question. You might wanna try the Physics section next time.
Lol Am New To This Website So I Don't Know How To Use It Sorry . But Thanks That Helped (;


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*NeNe Leakes plays nice sometimes, but other times, she can be a real … meanie.
The reality show star had to go out and put all of Kim Zolciak's business out there, though, if it's true, it was going to surface eventually.
"It's so funny how this chick wants people to think she quit the show! The producers no longer wanted to work with you! Goodbye with the lies," Leakes tweeted last week.
But according to Us Weekly, Kim was planning to leave midseason following a spat with another cast mate while on the island of Anguilla. Kim explained that due to the stress of the show her doctor recommended a pregnant woman like her should take a vacation and leave the drama behind.
NeNe's comment didn't go without notice.
In her classic Kim fashion, the mother of four responded via Twitter.
"I wish NeNe would keep her mouth shut about s–t that has nothing to do with her! #growup #ignorant."
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