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Category Archives: Lore of the Sea
Harriett Tubman and the Great Combahee Ferry Raid
This is an updated repost from 2014. Now that it has been announced that Harriet Tubman will replace Andrew Jackon on the US $20 bill, it seems worthwhile to recall the Great Combahee Ferry Raid, which Harriet Tubman helped plan, scouted and … Continue reading
Posted in History, Lore of the Sea Tagged Civil War, Combahee Ferry Raid, gunboats, Harriett Tubman, slaves, Union army 1 Comment
New York's Working Harbor Committee Seeking Executive Director
Last year, John Doswell, the Executive Director of New York's Working Harbor Committee, died after a long illness. The Committee is now seeking an Executive Director to continue the great work that John and his colleagues have undertaken. For those interested, click … Continue reading
Posted in Current, Lore of the Sea Tagged Executive Director, Working Harbor Committee Leave a comment
NTSB Locates El Faro's Voyage Data Recorder
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) announced that "cargo ship El Faro's voyage data recorder was located early Tuesday morning in 15,000 feet of water, about 41 miles (36 nautical miles) northeast of Acklins and Crooked Islands, Bahamas, by a … Continue reading
Posted in Current, Lore of the Sea, Ships Tagged Voyage Data Recorder 2 Comments
Ngoc Nguyen, From Boat Refugee to Maersk Captain
In 1981, Ngoc Nguyen was 13, one of the at least 800,000 of the so-called Vietnamese "boat people" who fled Vietnam by boat after the end of the war. He was crammed in an overcrowded boat with his family, among 65 … Continue reading
Posted in Lore of the Sea Tagged Ngoc Nguyen, South China Sea, Thomas Maersk, Vietnam, Vietnamese "boat people" Leave a comment
"Bubble Man" Reza Baluchi Tries Again — Coast Guard Says 'No'
"Bubble Man" Reza Baluchi is at it again, but this time, the Coast Guard told him to turn around not far from shore before putting himself or others in danger. After warning him not to leave port without a support vessel, the US … Continue reading
Posted in Current, Lore of the Sea Tagged Bubble Man, Coast Guard, Florida, Hydropod, Reza Baluchi 1 Comment
SS Great Britain — "The Greatest Experiment Since the Creation"
I recently visited the museum ship SS Great Britain, in Bristol, UK. When she was launched in 1843, the iron-hulled luxury passenger steamship SS Great Britain was described as "the greatest experiment since the Creation."
Posted in History, Lore of the Sea, Ships Tagged Bristol, SS Great Britain 3 Comments
Loch Ness Monster (Movie Prop) Located in the Loch
At long last, Nessie has been located on the bottom of Loch Ness! The monster is, however, not the legendary beastie, but instead a 30-foot long movie prop which sank in the Loch almost 50 years ago. The prop was … Continue reading
Sinking of MV Cemfjord with Loss of Eight Entirely Avoidable
In January of 2015, we posted about the capsize and sinking of the Cyprus-registered cement carrier MV Cemfjord while attempting to navigate the Pentland Firth in extremely rough weather. Eight officers and crew aboard died in the sinking. The UK's Marine Accident Investigation … Continue reading
Posted in Current, Lore of the Sea, Ships Tagged cement carrier, Cemfjord, Pentland Firth 2 Comments
Sailor Grub — CHOW: Creamed Sliced Beef on Toast (S.O.S.)
Yesterday, we posted about a project to recreate sailor's grub from the 17th century. Food for sailors has improved dramatically in the last three hundred years. Or has it? The Naval Historical Foundation has a new blog titled CHOW which … Continue reading
Posted in Lore of the Sea Tagged Creamed Sliced Beef on Toast, navy, S.O.S. 9 Comments
Recreating 17th Century Sailor's Grub on the Tall Ship Elissa
What we know of the diet of 17th-century sailors comes from written records — log entries, diaries, and journals. Most accounts say that it was pretty bad. Now, Grace Tsai, a Ph.D. student specializing in nautical archaeology at Texas A&M University, … Continue reading
Posted in Lore of the Sea Tagged Elissa, Grace Tsai, Sailor's Grub, Texas A&M University 5 Comments
"Boaty McBoatface" Wins in a Landslide & No, That Won't be the Ship's Name
We previously posted about how the British Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) was asking for suggestions for a name for the new polar research ship, currently under construction at Cammell Laird's yard in Birkenhead. The suggestion period ended on April 16th … Continue reading
Search Resumes for El Faro Black Box in Very, Very Deep Water
Last November, we posted that the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) had ended its search for the El Faro's Voyage Data Recorder (VDR), the so-called "black box," which might have provided answers to questions about the sinking of the 790-foot … Continue reading
Posted in Current, Lore of the Sea, Ships Tagged black box, El Faro, NTSB 2 Comments
US Sailor Rescued 9 Times Sells Sloop Nora
Steve Shapiro's frequently rescued sailboat Nora, has been sold. In January, we posted about a pair of American sailors who had been rescued nine times in sailing from Norwalk to Cornwell in the UK on a 40′ gaff rigged sloop named Nora. … Continue reading
Posted in Current, Lore of the Sea Tagged Bob Weise, Nora, rescue, Steve Shapiro 6 Comments
Civil Blockade Runner Agnes E. Fry Believed Found Off Oak Island, NC
The Confederate blockade runner Agnes E. Fry is believed to have been located off Oak Island, North Carolina. She is one of three blockade runners lost in the area during the Civil War, but the only ship longer than 200 feet. … Continue reading
Titanic's Unsinkable Survivors — Arthur John Priest & Violet Jessop
In observance of the anniversary of the sinking of the Titanic on April 15, 1912, here is a repost from 2012, about two hardy souls who survived not only the sinking of the RMS Titanic but also the RMS Britannic when she was … Continue reading
Posted in Lore of the Sea Tagged Arthur John Priest, RMS Britannic, RMS Olympic, Titanic, Violet Jessop Leave a comment
US Navy Destroyer Donald Cook Buzzed Again by Russian Fighters in Baltic
The Russians do not appear to like the US Navy operating ships in the Baltic Sea. On Aprill 11, two unarmed Russian SU24 fighter jets made low attitude passes at the US Navy destroyer USS Donald Cook. Then, on April 12, two Russian … Continue reading
Posted in Lore of the Sea Tagged Baltic Sea, Donald Cook, Russian SU24 fighter jets, US Navy 1 Comment
Why are the Big Boats Burning? More Than Just Superyachts at Risk
The headlines in the UK Daily Mail and Bloomberg ask the same question — "Why Are All These Superyachts Catching on Fire?" This year has seen a string of fires on "superyachts." In early January, in the Mediterranean resort town … Continue reading
Posted in Lore of the Sea Tagged fire, super yachts 9 Comments
USS Zumwalt is Too Stealthy — Adding Radar Reflectors
The Navy's newest destroyer, the $7.5 billion USS Zumwalt, is designed to be stealthy. The ship is intended to be 50 times harder to detect on radar than current destroyers thanks to its angular shape and other design features. This is turning … Continue reading
Posted in Lore of the Sea Tagged Bath Iron Works, Maine, USS Zumwalt Leave a comment
Nauticus Buying Schooner Virginia with $1M State Grant
In the Summer of 2014, the schooner Virginia ended her season early. The Virginia Maritime Heritage Foundation which operated the schooner announced that she would be put up for sale. Now, Nauticus, a maritime-themed science center and museum located on the downtown waterfront in … Continue reading
Posted in Lore of the Sea Tagged Hampton Roads, Nauticus, Norfolk, Schooner Virginia 2 Comments
Remembering Captain Robert M. Cusick
Captain Robert M. Cusick was born today on April 10, 1923, in Boston, Massachusetts. He was the chief mate and one of only three survivors on the SS Marine Electric when she sank on February 12, 1983. His testimony in … Continue reading
Posted in Lore of the Sea Tagged Captain Robert M. Cusick, Cusick, SS Marine Electric, Stan Rogers, The Mary Ellen Carter 2 Comments


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SmartScore 99
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Here's the question you clicked on:
Write out the balanced equation for the reaction that occurs when Mg and Fe(NO3)3 react together. You do not need to make your subscripts smaller; just write them out at regular numbers. For example: Fe(NO3)3.
2 Fe(NO3)3 + Mg ---> 2Fe(NO3)2 + Mg(NO3)2


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- Quick Links:
Pirates notebook: The coaching family is staying together
The Pirates agreed to contract extensions with all nine of their major league assistants Friday
Pirates win fifth in a row, 4-1 over the Reds
Josh Harrison and Matt Joyce provided all the offense needed with a pair of home runs — Harrison's first since early last season.
Pirates extend Searage, eight other major league coaches through 2017
Searage has been the Pirates' pitching coach since 2011.
Pirates notebook: Series finale with Rockies postponed; no makeup date set
The Pirates have won eight games in a row at Coors Field.
Stephen Nesbitt's Pirates chat transcript: 4.28.16
Stephen J. Nesbitt answers Pirates questions in his weekly chat with readers.
Clint Hurdle at ease with Coors Field and its recent changes
The Pirates manager has experienced just about everything in a ballpark he used to call home as Colorado's manager.
Jordy Mercer's two-out double in 12th gives Pirates 9-8 win
Mercer broke an 0-for-5 day with a go-ahead double off Carlos Estevez.
Pirates notebook: Jared Hughes, Jung Ho Kang nearing return to Pirates
Hughes "continues to check all the boxes, from a health standpoint," said athletic trainer Todd Tomczyk; Kang also progressing.
Michael Sanserino's all-sports chat transcript: 4.27.16
Assistant Managing Editor/Sports Michael Sanserino answers questions about sports of all sorts in his weekly chat.
Pirates notebook: Hurdle giving red-hot Polanco a steady diet of left-handers, too
After hitting better against left-handed pitchers in the minors than right-handers, Pirates outfielder is doing it now on majors level.
A.J. Schugel makes himself right at home against Rockies
First major league save comes in Denver ballpark where he rooted for home team as a child.
Andrew McCutchen hits three home runs as Pirates blast past Rockies for 9-4 win
McCutchen joins Willie Stargell, Roberto Clemente and Ralph Kiner as the only Pirates with multiple three-homer games.
Stephen Nesbitt's Pirates chat transcript: 4.26.16
Pirates reporter Stephen Nesbitt answers questions about baseball in his weekly chat.
Clint Hurdle says Pirates bullpen might be weary but refuses to commit to it
Relievers have pitched 71⅓ innings, the third-most among major league bullpens, and had a collective 4.79 ERA before series against Rockies.
Pirates notebook: Liriano's latest performance praised despite home runs
Left-hander threw more strikes and finished strong Sunday in wild game against the Arizona Diamondbacks.
Jeff Locke, Matt Joyce carry Pirates to 6-1 win in series opener in Colorado
The Pirates took the first game of a four-game road series.
2016 Pirates report card: April 18-24
The Pirates began their 10-game West Coast trip by splitting their first two series.
Pirates notebook: Sean Rodriguez starts for third game in a row, drives in winning run
After hitting home runs in the previous two games, utilityman Sean Rodriguez played every infield position in Arizona series.
Pirates outlast Diamondbacks, 12-10, in marathon series finale
Pirates left-hander Francisco Liriano left with an 8-4 lead after allowing five hits in six innings, but then things got really crazy.
Pirates' road trip full of memories for right-hander Schugel
The Pirates' West Coast road trip this month has been a trip down memory lane for Pirates right-hander A.J. Schugel.
On the Pirates: Jordy Mercer made the right choice
A shortstop and pitcher in college, Mercer decided he would pursue his fortune as a shortstop.
De La Rosa, Diamondbacks stifle Pirates, 7-1, to draw series even
Right-hander Rubby De La Rosa allowed one run in six-plus innings.
Sean Rodriguez paces homer-happy Pirates to 8-7 win over Diamondbacks
The Pirates bullpen survived a rocky eighth inning to take the series opener.
Pirates notebook: Jason Rogers' arrival in majors bumps Cole Figueroa to the minors
Corner infielder hits right-handed, which is good for Pirates in stretch where they will face three left-handers in four-game span.
Pirates recall Jason Rogers, option Cole Figueroa to Indianapolis
Rogers started the season hitting .366 in 10 games for Class AAA Indianapolis.
Pirates blast Padres with late rally for 11-1 victory to avoid sweep
The Pirates scored eight runs in the seventh and Gerrit Cole pitched six scoreless innings.
Pirates notebook: Hurdle uses unique method to measure offensive production
By tracking how many times the Pirates get something positive done at the plate, Clint Hurdle looks for a more connected lineup.
Pirates, Marlins concerned about Puerto Rico trip due to Zika virus
The teams play two games at San Juan's Hiram Bithorn Stadium on May 30 and 31.
Stephen Nesbitt's Pirates chat transcript: 4.21.16
Pirates reporter Stephen Nesbitt fields readers' baseball questions in his weekly chat.
Gene Collier's all-sports chat transcript: 4.21.16
Gene Collier answers readers' questions of all varieties in his weekly chat.
Pirates notebook: Pirates starters' pitch counts low but not by design
Only two Pirates starters have thrown 100 pitches in a game this season: Francisco Liriano and Gerrit Cole.
Pirates top 10 prospect tracker: April 13-19, 2016
A weekly look at the progress of the Pirates' top 10 minor league prospects.
Injured Pirates making progress in recovery
Three players are currently on rehabilitation assignments with Class AAA Indianapolis and could rejoin the Pirates soon.
Pirates starting Cervelli at first, Stewart behind the plate against Padres left-hander Pomeranz
Manager Clint Hurdle put both catchers on the field for tonight's game to better match up against a lefty starter.
Liriano's command issues continue as Pirates lose to Padres
Francisco Liriano walked five batters in 4 1/3 innings and has walked 14 batters in three starts this year.
Pirates notebook: Hurdle looks for matchup advantage with Cervelli and Stewart both on the field
Seeking to take advantage of left-handers, Clint Hurdle experimented with putting both his catchers on the field at the same time.
Pirates playing shallower outfield as part of advanced run-prevention strategy
It's only part of a larger initiative to better tailor the outfield alignment to the batter-pitcher matchup.
Bill Brink's Pirates chat transcript: 4.19.16
Bill Brink answers Pirates questions in his weekly baseball chat.
Taillon, Glasnow off to good starts at Class AAA
Jameson Taillon and Tyler Glasnow, the Pirates' two top pitching prospects, pitched well in their first two starts in the minors this year.
2016 Pirates report card: April 11-17
A weekly analysis of the Pirates' performance.
Pirates notebook: Jung Ho Kang to begin rehab assignment
Kang, who is recovering from serious knee surgery in September, will start a minor league rehab assignment today.
Ron Cook: Jaso, Polanco making Pirates fans forget about Alvarez, Walker
Neither can replace the lost power, but they are providing a better all-around game, and Jaso has been a godsend defensively at first.
Being a pro athlete can be taxing in many ways; just ask the Pirates
These Pirates' situations may change the way you see their salaries: An athlete fee, or a "jock tax," is imposed in nearly a dozen cities.
Pirates defeat Brewers, 9-3, to win series
The Pirates pounded 17 hits against the Brewers, including home runs from Andrew McCutchen and Sean Rodriguez.
Pirates' Jung Ho Kang, Jared Hughes to begin rehab assignments this week
They'll begin rehab assignments with Class AAA Indianapolis.
Pirates notebook: Bullpen shuffling affecting roles, performances
Pirates manager Clint Hurdle thinks the constant shuffle in the bullpen has contributed to the unit's poor start to the season.
On The Pirates: Are slide and collision rules good for the game?
Pirates share their thoughts on balancing player protection and putting the best product on the field.
Jon Niese shines over seven scoreless, Pirates' bats come alive in 5-0 win
Left-hander Jon Niese allowed three hits, three walks and struck out three over seven scoreless innings.
Pirates notebook: Former prospect Keon Broxton struggles for Brewers
Season-opening slump dogs Milwaukee's speedy outfielder.
Locke, bullpen struggle in 8-4 Pirates loss to Brewers
Jeff Locke threw nearly as many balls as strikes and the bullpen struggled again.


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Alvaro Negredo and Edin Dzeko scored in extra time to spare Manchester City's blushes in a 2-0 League Cup victory at Newcastle United.
Newcastle will feel hard done by after taking the match to Manuel Pellegrini's side, but they failed to find a breakthrough and were left to rue goals from Negredo and Dzeko that put City into the quarter-finals.
Alan Pardew's men created the best chances of the first half and the home team thought they had the lead through a close-range Shola Ameobi effort, but he was adjudged to be offside.
City – who last won the competition in 1976 - improved after half-time with former Newcastle man James Milner coming closest with a long-range curler. Papiss Cisse wasted a great chance to put Newcastle ahead in extra time when he volleyed straight at Costel Pantilimon.
And Newcastle were duly punished by Negredo's side-footed effort from Dzeko's low centre, before the Bosnia-Herzegovina international added gloss to the scoreline when he finished Milner's sublime pass.
Both teams took the opportunity to rotate their squads, Ameobi made a rare start for Newcastle, while Pantilimon replaced under-fire goalkeeper Joe Hart for City.
In a lacklustre opening, Newcastle came closest to opening the scoring when Ameobi flicked on Tim Krul's long pass and Cisse lofted his effort over the goalkeeper and just wide of the post.
Some stout defending gave Newcastle a solid base and they were nearly rewarded on the half-hour mark when Ameobi's half-volley forced Pantilimon into a smart one-handed save.
Pardew's side thought they had taken the lead with the next attack when Ameobi tapped home Cisse's centre but his celebrations were curtailed by the offside flag.
After struggling to make an impact in the first half, City came out with more intent after the break and nearly went ahead when Jesus Navas dispossessed Krul and laid back to Milner, who curled his 25-yard effort at the open goal just wide.
City were now in the ascendancy and Negredo wasted a golden opportunity to grab the winner. The Spain international received Dzeko's lay-off in the area, but took too many touches before chipping tamely at Krul.
That would prove the best opportunity of the closing stages as the match headed for extra time.
Newcastle made a fast-paced start after the restart and Cisse missed his side's clearest chance of the game when he sprung the offside trap only to shoot straight at Pantilimon.
That miss would prove costly as City edged ahead in the ninth minute of extra time.
Dzeko broke down the left and crossed low for Negredo to calmly slot past Krul.
And, in the 105th minute, the game was put beyond doubt. Milner drove at the Newcastle defence and played a superb pass with the outside of his foot to Dzeko, who rounded Krul and slotted into the empty net.
Newcastle almost grabbed a consolation when Joleon Lescott cleared Hatem Ben Arfa's driven effort off the line as City booked their place in the last eight.
|T. Krul
|M. Debuchy
|M. Yanga-Mbiwa
|M. Williamson
|M. Haïdara
|C. Tioté
|M. Sissoko
|Y. Gouffran
|V. Anita
|Shola Ameobi
|P. Cissé
|Coach: A. Pardew
|C. Pantilimon
|M. Richards
|J. Lescott
|A. Kolarov
|D. Boyata
|J. Milner
|Javi García
|Jesús Navas
|J. Rodwell
|E. Džeko
|S. Jovetić
|Coach: M. Pellegrini
for M. Haïdara 46'
for Shola Ameobi 67'
for P. Dummett 81'
for S. Jovetić 10'
for J. Rodwell 64'
for M. Richards 83'
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|Ronaldo, Benzema doubtful for second leg against City


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Season 1, Episode 19 Breakout
First Aired: November 9, 1985
Donovan and Ham are imprisoned in a Visitor work camp guarded by a hideous alien beast; Diana (Jane Badler) plans to use Kyle as a bargaining chip to acquire the starchild. Kyle: Jeff Yagher. Donovan: Marc Singer. Ham: Michael Ironside. Bates: Lane Smith.
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- Premiered: October 26, 1984
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Jan 19, 2010
|Filing date
|May 16, 2006
|Priority date
|Jun 10, 2005
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Richard Harding, Matthew Francis, Owain Llyr Parri, Donald Gordon Graham, Shirley Ann Marden
|Original Assignee
|Merck Patent Gesellschaft
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (12), Classifications (13), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention relates to a liquid crystal (LC) material that aligns homeotropically on substrates with high or low surface energy.
In liquid crystal displays (LCDs) it is often required to control the alignment of the LC medium. This is typically achieved using an alignment layer. Reviews of conventional alignment techniques are given for example by 1. Sage in "Thermotropic Liquid Crystals—Applications and Uses Vol. 3" edited by B. Bahadur, World Scientific Publishing, Singapore 1992, pages 1-63. A review of alignment materials and techniques is given by J. Cognard, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 78, Supplement 1 (1981), pages 1-77. These alignment techniques and materials can be used to align both conventional LC materials and polymerizable LC materials, also known as reactive mesogens (RM) and reactive mesogen mixtures (RMMs).
Typically, high surface energy substrates are used to obtain homogeneous (planar) alignment of LCs. For example, rubbed polyimide, TAC or PET films are often used to obtain planar alignment of LCs. Other, less common polar materials, e.g. cellulose nitrate have also been reported as alignment layers, for example in U.S. Pat. No. 5,805,253.
In prior art various alignment methods have been used to achieve homeotropic (perpendicular) alignment of LC materials. The simplest is to use a substrate with a low surface energy (e.g. PTFE). In this case the energy of the system is minimised by having the LC molecules in contact with each other rather than with the surface, resulting in homeotropic alignment. Unfortunately, this approach is limited and there are few examples of low surface energy, plastic substrates of the optical quality required for use in LCDs.
In prior art there are examples of other ways to homeotropically align thin layers of LC materials, but these usually require an alignment layer. For example, a substrate is coated with a surfactant that 'seeds' homeotropic alignment (e.g. lecithin). Other examples exist where a plastic substrate is coated with a low surface energy alignment layer, as disclosed for example in U.S. Pat. No. 5,456,867, U.S. Pat. No. 6,379,758 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,816,218. It has also been suggested in prior art to use a thin, polymerised layer of homeotropically aligned RMM as an alignment layer for inducing homeotropic alignment of LCs, as disclosed for example in WO 02/44801. However, in the method according to WO02/44801 the initial RMM still required the use of an alignment layer (silica treated PET) to achieve the initial homeotropic alignment.
Unfortunately, the use of an alignment layer adds extra cost to the production of homeotropic films. This problem was investigated and partially overcome in US 2004/0263736 where a homeotropic LC layer is aligned directly on top of a planar RMM layer. This combination of RMM films offers one solution to compensate LCDs of the in-plane-switching (IPS) mode. However, it is most desirable to be able to homeotropically align an RMM on any substrate.
One aim of the present invention is to provide an alignment layer, and methods and materials for its preparation, which provides uniform and stable alignment of LCs applied thereon, is easy to manufacture, in particularly for mass production, and does not have the drawbacks of prior art alignment layers and materials described above. Other aims of the present invention are immediately evident to the person skilled in the art from the following detailed description.
The inventors have found that these aims can be achieved by using materials and methods as described in the present invention. Thus, the present invention provides an RM material that aligns homeotropically on both low and high surface energy substrates, where the substrate can be inorganic, or organic (e.g. plastic film, polymerized RM or LC film, etc.).
The term "liquid crystal or mesogenic material" or "liquid crystal or mesogenic compound" means materials or compounds comprising one or more rod- or board-shaped (calamitic) or disk-shaped (discotic) mesogenic groups, i.e. groups with the ability to induce liquid crystal (LC) phase behaviour. The compounds or materials comprising mesogenic groups do not necessarily have to exhibit an LC phase themselves. It is also possible that they show LC phase behaviour only in mixtures with other compounds, or when the mesogenic compounds or materials, or the mixtures thereof, are polymerized. The term "reactive mesogen (RM)" means a polymerizable mesogenic compound or polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
Polymerizable compounds with one polymerizable group are also referred to as "monoreactive" compounds, compounds with two polymerizable groups as "direactive" compounds, and compounds with more than two polymerizable groups as "multireactive" compounds. Compounds without a polymerizable group are also referred to as "non-reactive" compounds.
The invention relates to an, optionally polymerizable, liquid crystal (LC) material that aligns homeotropically on a substrate, comprising one or more mesogenic or LC compounds and one or more polar additives that are soluble in the LC material and increase the surface energy of the LC material.
The invention further relates to a film comprising a polymerized LC material with homeotropic alignment as described above and below.
The invention further relates to the use of a film as described above and below in liquid crystal displays (LCDs) or other optical or electrooptical components or devices, for decorative or security applications.
In prior art homeotropic alignment of LCs is usually achieved by reducing the surface energy of the substrate. The difference in surface energy of the substrate and the surface tension of the LC results in homeotropic alignment. For homeotropic alignment it is usually necessary to have a LC with a higher surface tension than the surface energy of the substrate. It was reported in prior art that this difference can be considered in terms of both dispersive and polar contributions of the surface energy/tension (see S. Naemura Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 68, 183 (1981)). Therefore, it should be possible to achieve homeotropic alignment of LC materials on any given substrate if the surface tension of the LC is increased.
The inventors of the present invention have now found that polar cellulose derivatives, in particular cellulose esters like cellulose nitrate are suitable additives to induce homeotropic alignment of an LC material. Cellulose nitrate is a highly polar material and its molecules have a rod-like shape, therefore it shows good solubility in LC materials. When added to a mixture of RMs, cellulose nitrate results in an increased polar RMM. It was also found that adding already a small amount of cellulose nitrate to an LC mixture promotes homeotropic alignment of the LCs even on very polar surfaces (which are typically used to promote planar alignment). In this way, it is possible to induce homeotropic alignment on, for example, TAC and PET films and high surface energy polyimide (e.g. JSR AL1054).
Especially preferred are the following LC materials and films:
The solvents are preferably chosen to dissolve the LC compounds and the polar additive. Especially preferred solvents are selected from cyclohexanone, toluene, xylene, isoproyl alcohol, or mixtures thereof, for example binary mixtures like toluene/cyclohexanone or toluene/isopropyl alcohol.
The LC material is preferably a polymerizable LC material, very preferably a mixture of two or more compounds, at least one of which is a polymerizable or crosslinkable compound. Polymerizable compounds with one polymerizable group are also referred to as "monoreactive". Crosslinkable compounds, i.e. having two or more polymerizable groups, are also referred to as "di- or multireactive".
Especially preferred is a polymerizable LC material comprising
Very preferred is a polymerizable material comprising one or more monoreactive RM and one or more di- or multireactive RMs.
Further preferred is a polymerizable material comprising one or more monoreactive achiral RMs and one or more di- or multireactive achiral RMs.
The RMs are preferably monomers, very preferably calamitic monomers. These materials typically have good optical properties, like reduced chromaticity, and can be easily and quickly aligned into the desired orientation, which is especially important for the industrial production of polymer films at large scale. It is also possible that the polymerizable material comprises one or more discotic monomers.
The polymerizable materials as described above and below are another aspect of the invention.
Mono-, di- and multireactive RMs that are suitable for the present invention can be prepared by methods which are known per se and which are described in standard works of organic chemistry like for example Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie, Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart.
Suitable RMs for use as monomer or comonomer in a polymerizable LC mixture are disclosed for example in WO 93/22397, EP 0 261 712, DE 195 04 224, WO 95/22586, WO 97/00600, U.S. Pat. No. 5,518,652, U.S. Pat. No. 5,750,051, U.S. Pat. No. 5,770,107 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,514,578.
Examples of suitable and preferred RMs are shown in the following list.
Suitable unpolymerizable chiral compounds are for example standard chiral dopants like R- or S-811, R- or S-1011, R- or S-2011, R- or S-3011, R- or S-4011, R- or S-5011, or CB 15 (all available from Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Suitable polymerizable chiral compounds are for example compounds (R30) to (R32) listed above, or the polymerizable chiral material Paliocolor� LC756 (from BASF AG, Ludwigshafen, Germany).
Unless stated otherwise, the general preparation of polymer LC films according to this invention can be carried out according to standard methods known from the literature.
Typically the polymerizable LC material is coated or otherwise applied onto a substrate where it aligns or is aligned into uniform orientation, and polymerized in situ at a selected temperature by photopolymerization, very preferably by UV-photopolymerization, to fix the alignment of the LC molecules. If necessary, uniform orientation can be promoted by additional means like shearing and/or annealing the LC material, surface treatment of the substrate, or adding surfactants to the LC material. It is also possible to induce or improve alignment by annealing the polymerizable LC material at elevated temperature, preferably at its polymerization temperature, prior to polymerization.
As substrate for example glass or quartz sheets or plastic films can be used. It is also possible to put a second substrate on top of the coated material prior to and/or during and/or after polymerization. The substrates can be removed after polymerization or not. When using two substrates in case of curing by actinic radiation, at least one substrate has to be transmissive for the actinic radiation used for the polymerization. Isotropic or birefringent substrates can be used. In case the substrate is not removed from the polymerized film after polymerization, preferably isotropic substrates are used.
Suitable and preferred plastic substrates are for example films of polyester such as polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) or polyethylene-naphthalate (PEN), polyvinylalcohol (PVA), polycarbonate (PC) or triacetylcellulose (TAC), very preferably PET or TAC films. As birefringent substrates for example uniaxially stretched plastics film can be used. PET films are commercially available for example from DuPont Teijin Films under the trade name Melinex�.
The polymerizable material can be applied onto the substrate by conventional coating techniques like spin-coating or blade coating. It can also be applied to the substrate by conventional printing techniques which are known to the expert, like for example screen printing, offset printing, reel-to-reel printing, letter press printing, gravure printing, rotogravure printing, flexographic printing, intaglio printing, pad printing, heat-seal printing, ink-jet printing or printing by means of a stamp or printing plate.
It is also possible to dissolve the polymerizable material in a suitable solvent. This solution is then coated or printed onto the substrate, for example by spin-coating or printing or other known techniques, and the solvent is evaporated off before polymerization. In many cases it is suitable to heat the mixture in order to facilitate the evaporation of the solvent. As solvents for example standard organic solvents can be used. The solvents can be selected for example from ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone or cyclohexanone; acetates such as methyl, ethyl or butyl acetate or methyl acetoacetate; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol or isopropyl alcohol; aromatic solvents such as toluene or xylene; halogenated hydrocarbons such as di- or trichloromethane; glycols or their esters such as PGMEA (propyl glycol monomethyl ether acetate), γ-butyrolactone, and the like. It is also possible to use binary, ternary or higher mixtures of the above solvents.
Polymerization is achieved by exposing the polymerizable material to polarized light, like UV light, IR light or visible light, preferably UV light. As a source for actinic radiation for example a single UV lamp or a set of UV lamps can be used. When using a high lamp power the curing time can be reduced. Another possible light source is a laser, like for example a UV, IR or visible laser.
As polymerization initiator, typically standard photoinitiators are used. Suitable radicalic photoinitiators are for example the commercially available Irgacure� or Darocure� (Ciba Geigy A G, Basel, Switzerland).
The polymerizable material may also comprise one or more stabilizers or inhibitors to prevent undesired spontaneous polymerization, like for example the commercially available Irganoxe (Ciba Geigy A G, Basel, Switzerland).
The curing time depends, inter alia, on the reactivity of the polymerizable material, the thickness of the coated layer, the type of polymerization initiator and the power of the UV lamp. The curing time is preferably ≦5 minutes, very preferably ≦3 minutes, most preferably ≦1 minute. For mass production short curing times of ≦30 seconds are preferred.
Preferably polymerization is carried out in an inert gas atmosphere like nitrogen or argon.
The polymerizable material may also comprise one or more dyes having an absorption maximum adjusted to the wavelength of the radiation used for polymerization, in particular UV dyes like e.g. 4,4″-azoxy anisole or Tinuvin� dyes (from Ciba A G, Basel, Switzerland).
In another preferred embodiment the polymerizable material comprises one or more monoreactive polymerizable non-mesogenic compounds, preferably in an amount of 0 to 50%, very preferably 0 to 20%. Typical examples are alkylacrylates or alkylmethacrylates.
In another preferred embodiment the polymerizable material comprises one or more di- or multireactive polymerizable non-mesogenic compounds, preferably in an amount of 0 to 50%, very preferably 0 to 20%, alternatively or in addition to the di- or multireactive polymerizable mesogenic compounds. Typical examples of direactive non-mesogenic compounds are alkyldiacrylates or alkyldimethacrylates with alkyl groups of 1 to 20 C atoms. Typical examples of multireactive non-mesogenic compounds are trimethylpropanetrimethacrylate or pentaerythritoltetraacrylate.
It is also possible to add one or more chain transfer agents to the polymerizable material in order to modify the physical properties of the polymer film. Especially preferred are thiol compounds, for example monofunctional thiols like dodecane thiol or multifunctional thiols like trimethylpropane tri(3-mercaptopropionate). Very preferred are mesogenic or LC thiols as disclosed for example in WO 96/12209, WO 96/25470 or U.S. Pat. No. 6,420,001. By using chain transfer agents the length of the free polymer chains and/or the length of the polymer chains between two crosslinks in the polymer film can be controlled. When the amount of the chain transfer agent is increased, the polymer chain length in the polymer film decreases.
The polymerizable material may also comprise a polymeric binder or one or more monomers capable of forming a polymeric binder, and/or one or more dispersion auxiliaries. Suitable binders and dispersion auxiliaries are disclosed for example in WO 96/02597. Preferably, however, the polymerizable material does not contain a binder or dispersion auxiliary.
The polymerizable material can additionally comprise one or more additional components like for example catalysts, sensitizers, stabilizers, inhibitors, chain-transfer agents, co-reacting monomers, surface-active compounds, lubricating agents, wetting agents, dispersing agents, hydrophobing agents, adhesive agents, flow improvers, defoaming agents, deaerators, diluents, reactive diluents, auxiliaries, colourants, dyes or pigments.
The polymer film of the present invention can be used as retardation or compensation film for example in LCDs to improve the contrast and brightness at large viewing angles and reduce the chromaticity. It can be used outside the switchable LC cell of the LCD or between the substrates, usually glass substrates, forming the switchable LC cell and containing the switchable LC medium (incell application).
The polymer film of the present invention can also be used as alignment layer for LC materials. For example, it can be used in an LCD to induce or improve alignment of the switchable LC medium, or to align a subsequent layer of polymerizable LC material coated thereon. In this way, stacks of polymerized LC films can be prepared.
The polymer film of the present invention can be used in conventional LC displays, for example displays with vertical alignment like the DAP (deformation of aligned phases), ECB (electrically controlled birefringence), CSH (colour super homeotropic), VA (vertically aligned), VAN or VAC (vertically aligned nematic or cholesteric), MVA (multi-domain vertically aligned) or PVA (patterned vertically aligned) mode; displays with bend or hybrid alignment like the OCB (optically compensated bend cell or optically compensated birefringence), R—OCB (reflective OCB), HAN (hybrid aligned nematic) or pi-cell (π-cell) mode; displays with twisted alignment like the TN (twisted nematic), HTN (highly twisted nematic), STN (super twisted nematic), AMD-TN (active matrix driven TN) mode; displays of the IPS (in plane switching) mode, or displays with switching in an optically isotropic phase like those described in WO 02/93244.
In the foregoing and the following, all temperatures are given in degrees Celsius, and all percentages are by weight, unless stated otherwise. The following abbreviations are used to illustrate the LC phase behaviour: C, K=crystalline; N=nematic; S=smectic; N*, Ch=chiral nematic or cholesteric; I=isotropic. The numbers between these symbols indicate the phase transition temperatures in degree Celsius. Furthermore, mp is the melting point and cp is the clearing point (in � C.).
Unless stated otherwise, values of physical properties like the dielectric constant or the surface tension refer to 20� C.
Unless stated otherwise, the precentages of components of a polymerizable mixture as given above and below refer to the total amount of solids in the polymerizable mixture, i.e. not including solvents.
The examples below shall illustrate the invention without limiting it.
The nematic RM solution RMS1 is formulated as follows:
Compound (1)
Compound (2)
Compound (3)
Compound (4)
Irgacure 907 �
Irganox 1076 �
RMS1 is designed to align homeotropically on a low surface energy substrate, e.g. glass.
The nematic RM solution RMS2 is formulated by adding 1% celluose nitrate (supplied in 30% isopropylalcohol, available from Sigma Aldrich, 12% nitrogen content, molecular weight=1044.6) to the solution RMS1.
Curves (a) and (b) correspond to the maximum surface energy of a substrate on which the respective material can still align homeotropically, i.e. a substrate having a surface energy value below the curve will align the respective material homeotropically. The values are calculated according to S, Naemura Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 68, 183 (1981).
The pure solution RMS1 has a surface tension of γd=40.3 mNm−1 and γp=6 mNm−1. Thus, according to
Thus, adding cellulose nitrate to an RM solution significantly increases the range over which homeotropic alignment of the RMs can be achieved. This is verified by the examples below.
Various substrates are prepared. These are (i) clean glass, (ii) TAC (used as supplied from LoFo) and (iii) saponified TAC. The saponified TAC is prepared by immersing samples of the LoFo TAC film in 15 wt % aqueous sodium hydroxide solution for 3 minutes. Subsequently the treated TAC film is washed with distilled water and dried overnight in air. The surface energies of the substrates are determined from contact angle measurements using a Kruss DSA-10 instrument and are shown in Table 1.
Saponified TAC
The solutions RMS1 (without cellulose nitrate) and RMS2 (with cellulose nitrate) of example 1 are coated on to the above-mentioned substrates and polymerised (20 mWcm−2 UV-A, 60 s, nitrogen). Where uniform films can be produced, the retardation of the polymerised films, as a function of viewing angle, is measured to verify the homeotropic alignment of the RMM. The results are shown in
RMS1 on glass: Homeotropic film produced (see
RMS1 on TAC: Scattering, non-homeotropic film produced
RMS2 on glass: Homeotropic film produced (see
RMS2 on TAC: Homeotropic film produced (see
RMS2 on saponified TAC: Homeotropic film produced (see
These examples show that homeotropic alignment of typical LC materials (without polar additive) is only possible on relatively low polar (low surface energy) substrates like glass. In contrast, the LC materials according to the present invention (with polar additive) can align homeotropically on quite polar (high surface energy) substrates like TAC or saponified TAC.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 1, 1994
|Oct 10, 1995
|Nippon Oil Company, Limited
|Viewing angle compensator for liquid crystal display
|Nov 18, 1996
|Sep 8, 1998
|Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
|Liquid crystal display with compensators having minimum retardations in the inclined direction
|Jun 18, 1997
|Apr 30, 2002
|Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung
|Liquid crystal display device
|Jan 18, 2000
|Nov 9, 2004
|Merck Patent Gmbh
|Homeotropically aligned liquid crystal layer and process for the homeotropic alignment of liquid crystals on plastic substrates
|Jul 6, 2001
|Apr 4, 2002
|Mitsuyoshi Ichihashi
|Liquid crystal composition comprising liquid crystal molecules and alignment promoter
|Mar 29, 2002
|Jan 2, 2003
|Masayuki Negoro
|Process for vertical alignment of rod-like liquid crystal molecules
|Jun 27, 2003
|Dec 30, 2004
|Graham Donald Gordon
|Process of preparing films comprising polymerized liquid crystal material
|Nov 22, 2001
|Aug 18, 2005
|Michael Heckmeier
|Homeotropic alignment layer
|May 16, 2003
|Mar 9, 2006
|Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
|Sptical compensatory sheet and method for preparing optically anisotropic layer
|Sep 23, 2005
|Mar 30, 2006
|Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
|Optical compensation film, elliptical polarizing plate and liquid crystal display
|Nov 22, 2001
|Jun 6, 2002
|Merck Patent Gmbh
|Homeotropic alignment layer
|May 16, 2003
|Nov 27, 2003
|Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
|Sptical compensatory sheet and method for preparing optically anisotropic layer
|U.S. Classification
|252/299.01, 428/1.1, 349/179, 430/20
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 10, 2008
Owner name: MERCK PATENT GESELLSCHAFT, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HARDING, RICHARD;FRANCIS, MATTHEW;PARRI, OWAIN LLYR;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:021069/0376
Effective date: 20080325
|Mar 13, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


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Review With Photo
Pictures are not as large and go for lighter backgroud pictures
Amanda I.
(Carlsbad, CA) - December 12, 2011 (
See all reviews by this customer
Such a cute idea but a little upset that the phots are not larger. i understand you have so much room, however, on- line proof has them a lot larger than on my mug. Go for lighter backgroud photos, otherwise you'll have a hard time making out the picture. Still an adorable idea and the mug seems to be of good quality.
Doesn't keep coffee warm
Jessica H.
(Grovetown, GA) - September 20, 2011 (
See all reviews by this customer
This mug is really cute. My husband loved it and so did his co-workers. However, the coffee was cold before he even got to work (a 15 minute drive). Next time, I'll buy him a regular coffee cup that he can use at home.
(Oklahoma City, OK) - July 1, 2011
The travel mug was a great gift idea for my dad for fathers day. He loved it! And Personalization did do a good job, my only disappointment is that they printed their website on the mug as well ("www.personlizationmall.com"). I have ordered many gifts from this website and they have never printed their website on anything, so I was quite surprised to see it on the travel mug. It did kind of take away from the mug in my opinion. Like I said, they did do a nice job, but priniting the website on the gift was a bit tacky. Again, just my opinion.
Great, but not perfect
(Kearsarge, NH) - June 18, 2011
I ordered two of these mugs for my husband and my father for father's day. My newborn's photos looked okay on the mug, but what made it look kind of cheesy was that the company put "PERSONALIZATION MALL.COM" across the mug. The advertising took away from the sweetness of my daughter's pictures. I won't be giving the mugs as gifts. I'll just use them at home...it's a shame because I spent good money on them.
Nice gift idea
(Opelousas, LA) - June 3, 2011
I ordered this mug for my husband for Father's Day from me & our daughter. It was great to be able to put pictures of us on it. It is really cute, the only negative thing I can say, is that the mug is rather small for the price. I wish it could have been bigger.
somewhat disappointed
(Lido Beach, NY) - March 27, 2011
The mug itself was fine and the photos came out exactly as it shows on the website. The only thing I was disappointed with is that right in the center of the mug, just below the photos it says "personalizationmall.com". Now I understand that the company name needs to be visible, but does it really need to be there? Seems kinda intrusive and I was disappointed with that. If that had been on the preview, I would not have purchased the mug.
Great Idea
Rebecca D.
(Chanhassen, MN) - January 4, 2011 (
See all reviews by this customer
I really was excited to find these mugs as it is different than most "personalized" gifts. The reason for the 3 starts is the pictures are very, very light. I didn't use light photos so I feel that the pictures could have been printed on the mug darker....or maybe that is just how they are. Also the mug is pretty small. My husband was looking for a travel mug with our kids on it but this is way too small for him.
So, great idea, needs some improvement!
A little disappointed
Dawn D.
(South Elgin, IL) - December 30, 2010 (
See all reviews by this customer
I purchased this gift with some great pictures on it. However, the quality of the pictures were not as crisp as I would have liked. Don't think I would order it again.
Travel Mug
Tonja L.
(Petal, MS) - December 29, 2010 (
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Makes a cute gift, but the pictures are very light so it's not as easy to see as the advertised pictures show.
A little misleading
Kimberly H.
(Oshkosh, WI) - December 17, 2010 (
See all reviews by this customer
I recently ordered this mug for a Christmas gift. The pictures were a bit smaller then expected but they turned out nice. The problem I had was the picture of the mug on the website does not show the company's advertisement. Right under the my pictures is the www.personalizationmall.com advertisement and I do think it makes it look a bit tacky.
Beautiful pictures but not completely pleased
Michelle W.
(Owego, NY) - December 16, 2010 (
See all reviews by this customer
I ordered two of these mugs with beautiful pictures of my children on them. I was pleased at how the pictures came out and also with the mug. However I was shocked to see the website personalizationmall.com imprinted below my pictures. This was not shown anywhere on the previews of the mug nor does the website explain that this will be added. Upon contacting the company I was told that all items have this insignia on them and that while it is not listed on the website or shown in the preview it should be obvious since these are the original items of personalizationmall that their insignia would appear on them. In my view if your not going to let people know that it is going to appear on their item then it should be in a inconspicuous spot (the bottom of the mug) not front and center. Also rather disgusted that it did not appear in the 5 previews that I went through while making the mug.
Almost perfect
Jennifer M.
(Temecula, CA) - December 15, 2010 (
See all reviews by this customer
I have ordered this mug before and been thrilled with the quality and look. However, I just ordered a few more for Christmas gifts and was very disappointed to see that PM has started printing their website just below the photos on the mug! The first mug I purchased didn't have that! I find it a teeny bit tacky! It would be a much better idea for Personalization Mall to add their name or website to a more inconspicuous place or just leave it off altogether. So, had the mug looked exactly like the one I originally purchased (without the tackyness), this product would have received 5 stars.
Not as nice as I expected
Susan M.
(Windsor, CT) - December 10, 2010 (
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This is a nice gift but I find it hard to see the pictures...even though the quality was said to be ok. Grandma will like it still though!!!
good printing, cap so so...
Lingling J.
(Madison, WI) - July 26, 2010 (
See all reviews by this customer
I bought 3 mugs in total...the printing is pretty good but the mug itself (especially the cap) is not the best.
I like it but ...
Mariame Y.
(Pittsburgh, PA) - June 25, 2010 (
See all reviews by this customer
The pictures on the mug came out great. However, the mug is a bit cheaply made, and I don't like how Personalization Mall advertises its website right on the mug (bellow the pictures).
Lisa L.
(Vacaville, CA) - June 22, 2010 (
See all reviews by this customer
While I thought the mug looks great, and the pictures turned out beautifully, I was extremely disappointed that your website was printed on the mug at all, but especially so close to the pictures. It makes it look very tacky, and no where in the product description does it say the mug will boldly display your website. My advice is to not put the website on the mug, or at least state in the product description it will be there so when I pay $30 for a product, I know the tackiness I'm paying for.
Photo mug
Victoria A.
(Los Angeles, CA) - December 30, 2009 (
See all reviews by this customer
The concept is great, but the photos are smaller than anticipated and not as clear as depicted.
Hoped for more
Bethany C.
(Lexington, KY) - December 29, 2009 (
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I thought the mug would be a little bit bigger and for some reason I was thinking the pictures were going to be "engraved". These were my own expectations and when the mug was small & the pictures weren't engraved I was a little disappointed. However, we got this as a gift & my mother seemed to love it & was using it the very next day. So I am pleased!
Great picture printing but I got a defective mug
Juliet R.
(Central Islip, NY) - December 16, 2009 (
See all reviews by this customer
I was so excited to receive this mug as I intend to give it as a Christmas gift. Sadly, though the pictures look great, the handle was slightly melted. I called and customer service has shipped me a new one. I hope this one is good.
I must say the customer service is exceptional. I guess I just got a bad mug.
It's ok
Wade H.
(White Hall, AR) - December 12, 2009 (
See all reviews by this customer
The mug was alot smaller than I expected for 19.99 and the pictures came out ok. Next time i will get a bigger mug and have it done at walmart for 10.00 and not have to pay for shipping on top of the high price.
I wasn't thrilled
(Ridgewood, NY) - June 15, 2015
I ordered this as a father's day gift for my husband from our two kids. Although the quality of the stainless steel seems good enough, and the cap seems fair, I was not impressed at all with the quality of the photos (five around the cup) that you can have printed on the item. The cup only allows for black and white photos and they are absolutely not clear and visible or as pronounced as what is shown in the advertisement. Dissapointed.
too light
Justene K.
(Bismarck, ND) - December 10, 2014 (
See all reviews by this customer
the pictures were so light and faded out that you could hardly tell if they were even on the mug
Lovt It
Joy G.
(Irving, TX) - December 26, 2012 (
See all reviews by this customer
Use it every day!
Darker than expected photo travel mug
(Brookfield, CT) - December 5, 2012
I received the mug with the photos on it like I placed them - so I was happy about that. I did think the photos came out much darker than I expected. I would not order this again -I would go with color photos. I aalso like the photos to be larger than what they are
Photos washed out
(Wasilla, AK) - November 29, 2012
Photos are viewable but very faint...you have to hold the mug close to your face to see what they are. I used the lighten feature and it didn't help.
(Santa Clarita, CA) - July 7, 2012
I was disappointed by the size of the travel mug as well as the B/W pictures. I was under the impression that it would be in color, so when I saw it in B/W it upset me a little. But overall it wasn't bad. The travel mug seems to be of good quality. I do wish it came with instructions on how to best maintain the mug.
(Alexandria, VA) - March 22, 2012
Bottom ring broke when dropped
wanted to give a 5 star review
(minneapolis, MN) - February 5, 2012
i really wanted to give a 5 star review. i love this mug - specifically the stainless steel, and the black and white photographs.
BUT, the "personalizationmall.com" logo printed on the mug is so tacky. it gives the mug a very cheap feel, and i was very disappointed by that.
Not what I expected
(Riverview, FL) - December 30, 2011
I was not happy that your advertising www.personalizationmall.com is printed on the cup. It does not show this anywhere in the description. You can also see the glue seeping out where the handle was glued onto the cup. Just overall not happy with this product.
ordered as holiday gifts ......
Laura G.
(Houston, TX) - December 26, 2011 (
See all reviews by this customer
I am an avid online shopper, however I always cross compare against several websites for the best quality item. I was very excited to find these sturdy, personalized travel mugs as my goal was to personalized them with photos of a recent pet that passed as a holiday gift. when the product arrived I was not happy at all with the photo qualify. I understand of my pictures were not perfect quality...I just wish a customer service rep would have notified me that other pictures would be a better choice. I had no choice but to use the mugs as gifts due to time constraints. The mugs are great quality..however the personalized photos (main reason for purchase) was very disappointing.
Diana H.
(Colorado Springs, CO) - December 23, 2011 (
See all reviews by this customer
The mug seems to be good quality and the photos look great (the reason I didn't give it 1 star). But I am severely disappointed that the mug has "www.personalizationmall.com" printed (in probably 11 pt. font) directly below the photos (not in the product description or visible in the product preview). I'm upset to have paid $31 (product + shipping) for them to so boldly advertise on a gift I intend to give to a loved one. Would not be as bad if the text was moved down lower or to the bottom of the mug, but where it is looks tacky.
(Jersey CIty, NJ) - December 21, 2011
I thought this was a great idea, but the photos are so faded that you have to look carefully to even realize there are photos on the mug. On the Preview pic at time of order the pics were much darker.
a bit dissapointing
Dawn B.
(Virginia Beach, VA) - December 19, 2011 (
See all reviews by this customer
As a frequent customer to Personalization Mall I am very sad to say I am not happy with this travel mug. The pictures show up very dark on the cup and pretty small too. The first one I received was scratched up so much I had to call and complain and they sent me another one out the next day which I was pleased with the speedy service. This is one gift that I wouldn't recommend to others. The quality of the cup is ok but the images show up too dark. The pictures I used were not a dark contrast to begin with so I thought they would be perfect for this personalization but I wouldnt order another for anyone else on my list.
Logo on cup.......
(Ladysmith, WI) - December 8, 2011
I love the cup but probably would not have opted to have the Personalization mall.com advertisement on the cup! I was a little disapointed with that. It is supposed to be a meaningful gift not an advertisement.
Faded Look
(Raleigh, NC) - December 8, 2011
I expected the photos to have a darker look but they came out very much faded and streaky.
(DENVER, CO) - December 5, 2011
The photos aren't as large/"bright" as I would've thought. If I'd known they'd look the way they do, I'd rather get a mug that is color printed w/photos. I wouldn't order this type of mug again.
(Glenshaw, PA) - November 28, 2011
The mug was nice and the pictures look nice too but there was "personalizationmall.com" stamped right on the side!!! It made the whole product that would have been nice very cheap. I would have bought it somewhere else if I had known that would be on there. I paid for this item, I understand when you have a free item that an ad could be put on it, but not one that I purchased, at least not right on the side of the mug! Plenty of other sites sell personalized items and ones with uploaded pictures.
Handle is cheaply done
(Antelope, CA) - July 1, 2011
The mug was great except for the handle it is not strongly attached.
Photos hard to see
Jessica P.
(Denham Springs, LA) - June 25, 2011 (
See all reviews by this customer
The mug itself is smaller than average and the photos are nearly impossible to see. I would suggest using close-ups with high contrast. This made for a very poor father's day present : (
Photo collage
(Alsip, IL) - June 23, 2011
The pictures are very dark, not sure if changing them to black & white on my computer was the problem. I don't like it.
Page 11 of 12
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This page contains Guilty Gear XX #Reload Unlockables for Xbox called "Fight against gold fighters" and has been posted or updated on Feb 9, 2009 by pheobes.
Boxshot & Details
- Developer: Arc System Works
- Publisher: Majesco Games
- Genre: Action Fighting
- Release: Sep 14, 2004
- ESRB: Teen
Fight against gold fighters
Highlight the "Arcade" or "M.O.M." mode options, then hold L while selecting it. You will fight against gold opponents in that mode.
Report Problem
Please submit a problem for any incomplete, non-working or fake cheat listed above.
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Stuck in this game? Set a specific, clearly defined question and let other gamers answer your question or view answers to previously asked questions. If you think you are an expert then please try to help others with their questions.
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text:
Welcome to the Understanding Islam Community.
The Code of Conduct
1st February 2010, 10:35
"If you have knowledge, let others light their candles in it"
Call unto the way of thy Lord with wisdom and fair exhortation, and reason with them in the better way.
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Surah Kahf: Immunity Against...
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Science without Religion is lame, Religion without Science is blind.
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Jump right in and be a part of our growing community
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Pathfinder Society Scenario #7–19: Labyrinth of Hungry Ghosts (PFRPG) PDF
Pathfinder Society Scenario #35: Voice in the Void (PFRPG) PDF
Pathfinder Society Scenario #7–12: The Twisted Circle (PFRPG) PDF
Astonishing Races: Grippli (PFRPG) PDF
Letters from the Flaming Crab: Winged Cavalry (PFRPG) PDF
Shadowrun: Queen Euphoria
It was simple job, and the pay was good. Snatch Euphoria, the simsense star, sit on her for a weekend, and let her go. Easy. If you believe that, you've never run the shadows. Because now she's been snatched for a second time...and the corps think you did it. What does all this have to with--Ambergel, the most popular junk food in Seattle? A former Coyote shaman? An evil power so strong it threatens all mankind? Find the Queen. Find the answers. HURRY!
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Pathfinder RPG Charity Marathon Raises $250,000 for Charities, and Becomes Record-Breaking Humble Book Bundle,
Dynamite Entertainment, Paizo, and Humble Bundle Pack New Bundle With Over 30 Pathfinder Comics!,


text:
Written on: 29/10/2013 by bryn1970 (1 review written)
fast and very easy way to book hotels at both short notice or well in advance. All prices are very competitive tooVisit laterooms.com
As rated by our community of reviewers
" Superb " Read More
" Great customer service " Read More
" Tropical Hotel, Playa Blanca, Lanzarote. " Read More
" Made a great choice trusting you people " Read More
" Great Tour BUT DISAPPOINTING DINNERS " Read More


text:
Get ready for liftoff
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How appropiate.
None of those look like Windows or OsX.
Wow… Living the Dream…
I knew I wasn't the only one out there with a 75 degree bent chair.
+10 internets…
@xaldinlancer: "+10 internets…"
Aye. x2…
The first screen is definitely windows (the taskbar is just set to auto-hide). The second looks like MS Visual Studio. The third is probably the application he's building in VS.
The bottom right is his speech to text LotR fanfic porn, and the 6″ color monitor is a looped vid of his dog taking a shit.
Yeah, I'm pretty sure that pillow is hiding an erection. It's like #2 on "ways to hide an erection" right behind "tuck it up against your tummy with your underwear's waistband."
You, Sir, are evil incarnate. I hope you burn.
Good Day Sir.
I said GOOD DAY!
Who is he talking to? And if he is talking to no one, why does he have a headset on?
could be some VOIP, teamspeak, Ventrillo, or over some IM, X-fire, AIM, Yahoo, MSN, all support chatting.
I'm guessing he uses the same headset for everything, from watching movies to VOIP and TS…
but, will it take off?
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SPAIN: Ebro to take Riso Scotti products into new markets
By Michelle Russell | 20 February 2013
CEO Antonio Hernandez Callejas said the deal will allow Ebro to introduce Riso's products to new markets
Ebro Foods plans to launch the products of Italian rice producer Riso Scotti, in which it has bought a 25% stake, into new markets, including the US.
Riso Scotti produces lines including rice and soybean milk, rice biscuits, rice oils and ready meals for the premium market.
Chairman and CEO Antonio Hernandez Callejas told just-food the deal will allow Ebro to introduce Riso Scotti's products to new markets.
"We are considering introducing the premium Italian food concepts in some relevant markets such as the US, France and Spain."
Ebro is a global operator producing pasta, rice, sauce and frozen foods for European, US, Asian and African markets.
The deal comes almost a year after Callejas told just-food it would look to make further acquisitions and expand its geographic reach. At the time he said Ebro had room to grow in geographies beyond its two biggest markets of Europe and North America. This, he said, may be done through acquisitions, adding that the company was eyeing a number of South American companies, with a particular interest in Brazil and Mexico.
The chief executive, however, said today: "For the time being we are not looking to South America."
As part of the Riso Scotti deal, Callejas said Ebro has a "strategic agreement for searching for synergies between the two groups within a wide scope of activities such as purchases, technologies, sales to subsidiaries, etc". He did not expand further.
Sectors: Chilled foods, Commodities & ingredients, Frozen, Mergers & acquisitions, Snacks
Companies: Ebro Foods
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