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Amazing Sun Cam Footage clip wow must see
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Useless Cookie Eater
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See OP?
....once again a valid answer....and related to PERSPECTIVE.
There is NOTHING in that video that makes in NOT shot from a pipe or a close up of a light bulb.
Useless Cookie Eater
But your own PERSPECTIVE of this footage is way off,in fact you may need glasses i think you need a doctor to help you get back on track is that a real house you live in or not?
Anonymous Coward 41402744
It's interesting that 2 people have given you alternate potential answers, but rather than acknowledge the potential for those other answers....
....you prefer to attack those who are just showing you how that PERSPECTIVE proves this video COULD BE ANY NUMBER OF THINGS.
Again...it's all about PERSPECTIVE.
link to www.theartistseyes.net
Smarten up.
Useless Cookie Eater
Not atall,your right it all comes down to how each of us see the world and can not see it as it is,in my world lies are much worse than some ones PERSPECTIVE and i tell no lies about this or any of my footage,
but for some people they want to look at this footage from there own PERSPECTIVE even when they are told what they are looking at,get the picture.
Anonymous Coward 41402744
...and the difference there is between SHEEP who can be led anywhere....versus FREE THINKERS and LEADERS who will never follow just because someone says so.
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New answers tagged find-my-iphone
I think I found the answer. Although Find iPhone app doesn't give any clue, this feature on www.icloud.com does explain it: "The location of this Mac won't be updated because it has been erased.". Looks like the behaviour is part of the product design, rationale behind the design is unclear though.
If someone who got your son's phone and remove it from Find My Phone list, I'm not sure if you can add it back to the list again. I lost my iPhone 6 last October and my phone has been removed from the list.
Make sure that you are both in the same family (iCloud Settings towards the top), and both of you have Find my iPhone turned on.
You need to enable function "Find My iPhone" (inside Settings>iCloud). Of course, "Location" service (inside Settings>Privacy) also need to be enabled too.
That is only possible for the last 24 hours If the device was recently online, you also see the time it was last located. If the device has been offline for over 24 hours, you see "Offline." https://support.apple.com/kb/PH2698?locale=en_US
No, the iPhone does not update its location when plugged in. However, the iPhone will send its location to Apple when the battery gets to a critical level as long as it has an Internet connection.
When you send a remote erase, it's as if the device is new out of the box. The welcome screen is presented to the user. If the device is activation locked, it will still be locked. If it's not locked, the person in possession of the device can set it up as they choose. No record of the event is stored - so they may be able to assume you wiped it. If there ...
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The Ultimate Workout Nutrition Guide
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Bellavista Hotel & Spa, Cala Ratjada
- Free buffet breakfast and WiFi
Main amenities
- 77 guestrooms
- Near the beach
- Restaurant and bar/lounge
- Full-service spa
- Outdoor pool
- Sauna
- Terrace
- 24-hour front desk
- Air conditioning
- Daily housekeeping
- Car rentals on site
- Multilingual staff
What's around
- Heart of Cala Ratjada
- Cala Ratjada Port (0.1 mi / 0.2 km)
- Sa Torre Cega (0.3 mi / 0.4 km)
- Cala Gat Beach (0.6 mi / 0.9 km)
- Cala Moll (0.7 mi / 1.2 km)
- Lighthouse Cala Ratjada (1.1 mi / 1.8 km)
Bellavista Hotel & Spa, Cala Ratjada
Hotel Info: 866-539-8117from $43
- Standard Quadruple Room
- Standard Double Room Single Use
- Standard Double Room
- Standard Double Room (with extra bed)
Also popular with travelers from the USA
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 77 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 3 floors
- Check-in time Noon-Midnight
- Check-out time is 11 AM
- Express check-in/out
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Pets stay free
- Restrictions apply *
- Up to 5 kg
Extra people
- Roll-away beds available, charges may apply*
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- No parking
- Free nearby parking
Nearby Three Star Cala Ratjada hotels
In the hotel
- Free buffet breakfast
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- Poolside bar
- Outdoor seasonal pool
- Outdoor pool
- Free use of nearby fitness center
- Full-service spa
- Spa treatment room(s)
- Pool umbrellas
- Use of nearby fitness center (discount)
- Spa tub
- Sauna
- 24-hour front desk
- Concierge services
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Number of buildings/towers - 2
- Elevator/lift
- Terrace
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
In the room
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Air conditioning
- Balcony
- Private bathroom
- Bathtub or shower
- Hair dryer
- Satellite TV channels
- Desk
- Free WiFi
- Phone
- Refrigerator
- Daily housekeeping
- In-room safe
Top Cala Ratjada hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Cala Ratjada
- Grupotel MaritimoFrom
"The Maritimo is a nice hotel A little out of the hustle and bustle the rooms the food the staff and facilities are excellent"Apr 8, 2016
- C'an Pere HotelFrom
"Wonderful room with great terrace to relax on. Staff was very accommodating."Mar 31, 2016
- Hotel Astoria Playa Adults OnlyFrom
"My wife and I selected this hotel based on the other on-line reviews. We are so glad we did. It was a great experience and the hotel staff is the friendliest that we have ever…"Oct 26, 2015
- Hotel Rei del MediterraniFrom
"Excellent all around. Will go back."Oct 7, 2015
Special features
Spa Center has massage/treatment rooms. Services include massages, facials, body wraps, and body scrubs. A variety of treatment therapies are provided, including aromatherapy, Ayurvedic, and hydrotherapy. The spa is equipped with a sauna, a spa tub, and Turkish bath/hammam.
Guests under 16 years old are not allowed in the spa.
On Site
- Sauna
- Spa tub
- Miniature golf on site
- Horse riding/rental on site
- Motor boating on site
- Playground on site
- Bicycle rentals nearby
- Hiking/biking trails nearby
- Kayaking nearby
- Parasailing nearby
- Scuba diving nearby
- Snorkeling nearby
- Water skiing nearby
- Windsurfing nearby
Bellavista Hotel & Spa, Cala Ratjada's small print
Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 2500, due to national regulations. For further details, please contact the property using information in the booking confirmation.
Pet-friendly rooms can be requested by contacting the property at the number on the booking confirmation.
Only registered guests are allowed in the guestrooms.
Guests under 16 years old are not allowed in the spa.
Optional extras
Rollaway beds are available for an additional charge
Safes in guestrooms can be used for EUR 1.70 per day
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
Is the description of this hotel not correct? Tell us


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August 21, 2013 10:17:26 AM
JACKSON -- Mississippi's 82 counties are sharing $1 million in state money to help pay for election expenses.
Secretary of State Delbert Hosemann said in a news release Tuesday that the money in the state Election Support Fund comes from filing fees paid to his office by out-of-state limited liability companies.
The state money, in part, replaces federal money that had been coming the past several years from the Help America Vote Act.
The $1 million was recently sent to counties. It was divided according to the population, with larger counties receiving more.
Hosemann says the state money can be used to acquire, upgrade, maintain or repair voting equipment; to buy election supplies; to hire technical support; or to train election officials.
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1. West Lowndes principal resigns COLUMBUS & LOWNDES COUNTY
2. Columbus cheer squads competing in national event COLUMBUS & LOWNDES COUNTY
3. MSU Student Association slams religious freedom bill STARKVILLE & OKTIBBEHA COUNTY
4. Man charged after gun in church incident COLUMBUS & LOWNDES COUNTY
5. Browning on Business: Golden Triangle getting new ice cream shop BUSINESS


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Guests tend to spend much of their time outside the hostel. For example, on the sun terrace with views across the crystal clear lake and private beach, the mountain landscape and the village skyline.
The youth hostel is located at the edge of the town, in a former quarry. The River Birs flows nearby, the forest and the nature reserve are close at hand.
A secret tip for romantics. The youth hostel is set amidst fields and woods and from here visitors can enjoy an impressive view of Lake Uri.


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Germany focusing on Indian, Chinese tourists
Germany targets Indian tourists
Munich - After attracting scores of Indian businesses to its popular trade fairs, Germany is now targeting regular tourists from the country, as part of its focus on India and China, showcasing its spas, art, vineyards, festivals and even casinos.
"Germany and India have had strong trade relations and this led to a big business travel market. We are now seeing leisure traffic also move up, with family travels and younger couples visiting Germany," Peter Blumenstengel of the country's tourism board told IANS.
"This year, from January to March, 106,151 Indian visitors have already visited Germany. This is an increase of around 15 percent over last year," added his colleague Barbara Leutner, spokeswoman for what is officially called the German National Tourist Board.
Last year, 455,655 Indians visited Germany, up 26 percent over 358,588 in the previous year. Globally, Germany receives 10 million visitors from the Netherlands, its largest market, followed by 4.7 million from the US, and 1.1 million from China.
According to officials, 60 percent of traffic from India to Germany in the past had been primarily for transit -- visitors connecting to flights to Europe and the US. Now a big chunk is coming for meetings, incentives, conferences and exhibitions.
Little wonder Germany's flag carrier Lufthansa has reserved 20 percent of its seats for the lucrative business class. The airline flies to seven Indian cities and in less than a decade, it has almost quadrupled its flights to India.
Officials explained that Germany is also focussing on some niche products to woo Indian middle class tourists who are becoming significant global travellers.
"We see that Indians are heading to Macau for casinos. So we plan to offer casinos here in Wiesbaden," said a tourist board official, adding the oldest is housed in a grand historical building of 10 halls, function rooms and restaurants under one roof.
This apart, acclaimed Hotel Nassauer Hof in Wiesbaden is also looking to tap the emerging segment. "We are in talks with the Taj Hotels on the possibilities of networking," said general manager Karl Nueser.
Wiesbaden's thermal springs, Nueser said, will attract upmarket Indians looking at spa treatments and packages. These can be combined with vineyard tours to taste the famous Riesling wine. Besides, Wiesbaden also hosts many medical conferences.
The tourist board, on its part, is also gung ho in attracting Indians to the Oktoberfest in Munich. The event is one of Germany's most famous and spirited events and the world's largest fair, with over five million people attending every year.
It runs from late September to the first weekend in October. Only beer brewed within the city borders of the City of Munich is allowed to be served, Blumenstengel said, adding other attractions include the BMW center, beer gardens, baroque and modern architecture.
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|By Marketwired .
Article Rating:
|February 4, 2013 05:06 PM EST
KING OF PRUSSIA, PA -- (Marketwire) -- 02/04/13 -- The Goddard School, the leader in franchised educational childcare, is now accepting applications for the 2013 Anthony A. Martino Memorial Scholarship (AAMMS). The $10,000 scholarship is awarded annually to a junior or senior high school student who graduated from The Goddard School's Pre-K or Kindergarten program.
The AAMMS is named in memory of the founder of The Goddard School franchise system, and is given to an alumnus who has demonstrated Martino's work ethic, perseverance and commitment to the community.
"Tony Martino worked his way up from humble beginnings to achieve great things for his family and community," said Joe Schumacher, Chief Executive Officer for Goddard Systems, Inc. "At The Goddard School, Martino's spirit of hard work and creativity is instilled in every child and we're excited to see the submissions from this year's applicants."
To apply for the AAMMS, eligible students must submit a completed scholarship application by March 27, 2013, along with a 30- to 120-second video essay about how their Goddard School experience influenced their career path or education. Video essays should be mailed to 1016 West Ninth Ave, King of Prussia, PA, 19406 - ATTN: Scholarship.
Last year's scholarship recipient, Emily Moss, is a 1999 graduate of the pre-kindergarten program at The Goddard School located in Dublin, Ohio. She is currently attending Ohio State University.
"My teachers at The Goddard School made learning fun, so I always enjoyed going to school and discovering new things," said Moss. "Aside from the financial support I've received from the Anthony A. Martino Memorial Scholarship, The Goddard School has also provided me with the foundation to succeed in the classroom. For that I am truly grateful."
The Goddard School uses the most current, academically endorsed methods to ensure that children have fun while learning the skills they need for long-term success in school and in life. The Goddard School's talented teachers also collaborate with parents to nurture children into respectful, confident and joyful learners.
For more information about the Anthony A. Martino Memorial Scholarship, visit http://www.goddardschool.com/approach-to-education/scholarship. To learn more about The Goddard School, parents are encouraged to visit online at GoddardSchool.com or call 1-800-GODDARD.
The Goddard School®: Celebrating 25 Years of Learning through Play.
Learning for fun. Learning for life.(SM) The Goddard School uses the most current, academically endorsed methods to ensure that children from six weeks to six years old have fun while learning the skills they need for long-term success in school and in life. Talented teachers collaborate with parents to nurture children into respectful, confident and joyful learners. The Goddard School's AdvancED and Middle States-accredited F.L.EX.(SM) Learning Program reaches more than 45,000 students in 390+ Goddard Schools in 35 states. The Goddard School's comprehensive play-based curriculum, developed with early childhood education experts, provides the best childhood preparation for social and academic success. To learn more about The Goddard School, please visit www.goddardschool.com.
Video-Link Available: http://www2.marketwire.com/mw/frame_mw?attachid=2219614
Brian DeLong
Director, Marketing, Advertising and Public Relations
Goddard Systems, Inc.
Phone: 610-265-8510
E-Mail: [email protected]
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text: Cup Final Video: Canadian soccer fans take to the streets after Euro 2012 Add to ... CP Video Published Sunday, Jul. 01, 2012 11:33PM EDT Last updated Monday, Jul. 02, 2012 9:48AM EDT Cheering soccer fans spilled into the streets Sunday as Spain captured the European Championship. Roads in Montreal and Toronto had to be shut down after the team beat Italy 4-0. Watch More Video: Raptors coach predicts team will 'come out fighting' in Game 6 Watch the Canadian Olympic Committee's 'Ice in Our Veins' video Raptors guard DeRozan says 'patience' was key for Game 5 win 'Zika-proof' clothes? South Korea designs some for the upcoming Olympics Toronto Raptors prepare for game five at ACC UFC fighter Rory MacDonald on using the right music to get pumped Raptors' Kyle Lowry remains 'confident' despite Pacers win in Game 4 Raptors hope to keep momentum after Game 2 win over Indiana How a one-time tennis pro found a new love in rowing DeMar DeRozan says last year's playoff failure helped the Raptors Kobe Bryant on his last game: This is kind of crazy to me Hockey player shares secrets behind a great slapshot Tour inside the Chicago Cubs' new clubhouse Take a look at Canada's official Rio Olympic Games outfits Toronto Maple Leafs hopeful for next season Ex-New Orleans Saints player killed in road rage shooting The Jays are confident, hungry to win for Toronto: Marcus Stroman Ex-trainer reflects on Rexall Place as Oilers prepare to move on The MLB rule behind Jose Bautista's interference play Villanova University cancels classes to celebrate NCAA win Comments AA


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text: Tang, Yilei; Huang, Deqing; Ruan, Shigui; Zhang, Weinian Coexistence of limit cycles and homoclinic loops in a SIRS model with a nonlinear incidence rate. (English) Zbl 1171.34033 SIAM J. Appl. Math. 69, No. 2, 621-639 (2008). Authors' abstract: Recently, {\it S. Ruan} and {\it W. Wang} [J. Differ. Equations 188, No. 1, 135--163 (2003; Zbl 1028.34046)] studied the global dynamics of a SIRS epidemic model with vital dynamics and a nonlinear saturated incidence rate. Under certain conditions they showed that the model undergoes a Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation; i.e., it exhibits saddle-node, Hopf, and homoclinic bifurcations. They also considered the existence of none, one, or two limit cycles. In this paper, we investigate the coexistence of a limit cycle and a homoclinic loop in this model. One of the difficulties is to determine the multiplicity of the weak focus. We first prove that the maximal multiplicity of the weak focus is 2. Then feasible conditions are given for the uniqueness of limit cycles. The coexistence of a limit cycle and a homoclinic loop is obtained by reducing the model to a universal unfolding for a cusp of codimension 3 and studying degenerate Hopf bifurcations and degenerate Bogdanov-Takens bifurcations of limit cycles and homoclinic loops of order 2.Reviewer: Josef Hainzl (Freiburg) Cited in 9 Documents MSC:34C60Qualitative investigation and simulation of models (ODE)92D30Epidemiology34C23Bifurcation (ODE)34C20Transformation and reduction of ODE and systems, normal forms34C37Homoclinic and heteroclinic solutions of ODE34C05Location of integral curves, singular points, limit cycles (ODE)Keywords:epidemiology; degenerate Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation; degenerate Hopf bifurcation; limit cycle; homoclinic loop BibTeX Full Text: DOI


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 28, 1992
|Filing date
|Oct 25, 1990
|Priority date
|Oct 25, 1990
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Donald S. Rimai, Carlton Baxter, Mark C. Zaretsky, Larry H. Judkins
|Original Assignee
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (16), Non-Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (91), Classifications (14), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to the transfer of electrostatically formed toner images using an intermediate transfer member. It is particularly useful in creation of multi-color toner images with small particle toners.
The use of toner transfer intermediates has been suggested for a number of reasons in electrophotography including simplified receiving sheet handling, doing single pass duplexing, saving wear on photoconductors and superposition of images, e.g., to form multi-color images. Typically, a toner image is created on a photoconductive member electrophotgraphically and is transferred by conventional, electrical field assisted transfer to an intermediate roller or web. For example, a negatively charged toner image is transferred from a photoconductor having a grounded backing electrode to an intermediate web or roller biased to a strong positive polarity. The toner image is then transferred from the intermediate member to a receiving sheet under the influence of a second electric field which can be created without changing the field on the intermediate member by placing a roller (or corona) behind the receiving sheet biased still stronger in a positive direction.
Although other reasons mentioned above for using intermediate transfer are still valid, it appears the most desirable use of it in the future may be for creating multi-color images. When an intermediate transfer member is used, two, three, or four separate images of different color can be transferred in registration to the intermediate to create a multi-color image and then the multi-color image can be transferred in one step to the receiving sheet. This system has a number of advantages over the more conventional approach to making multi-color images in which the receiving sheet is secured to the periphery of a roller and rotated repeatedly into transfer relation with the photoconductor to receive the color images directly. Probably the most important advantage is that the receiving sheet itself does not have to be attached to a roller. This has turned out to be a source of misregistration of images as well as complexity in apparatus. Other advantages associated with wear and tear on the photoconductive member and a straight and simple receiving sheet path are also important.
As color electrophotography improves, especially electrophotographic color printing, higher and higher resolutions are desired. In order to obtain higher resolution in color electrophotography, fine toners are necessary. Toners less than 20 microns, and especially toners less than 10 microns in size, give substantially improved resolution in color imaging with high quality equipment.
Unfortunately, fine toners are more difficult to transfer electrostatically than are traditional coarse toners. This is a problem in conventional electrophotography utilizing a single transfer with fine toner particles. It is considerably more of a problem using intermediate transfer members where two transfers are necessary.
Many transfer materials have been suggested for intermediate transfer systems. The most common are relatively soft materials, such as silicone rubber, polyurethane, or fluroelastomers; see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,893,761; 4,453,820; 3,923,392; 4,455,079; 4,453,820; 4,068,937; or 3,697,171.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,430,412 is typical of a number of patents in which the first transfer is made with or without the benefit of an electrical field by choice of materials and the second transfer to the receiving sheet is aided by heating the toner to its softening point which both aids the transfer and provides an at least partially fixed image on the receiving sheet. This patent suggests that certain silicone rubber materials are soft enough to "seize" the toner from the photoconductor, but still permit transfer with the aid of the heat at the second transfer. Although the materials suggested in this patent may work well in a system which utilizes heat at the second transfer, when used with dry materials in the absence of heat and utilizing electrostatics for both transfers, they are effective to receive the image from most photoconductive members, but are too soft to pass it well to the usual receiving sheet. The role of soft materials on adhesion is discussed in a paper by D. S. Rimai, L. P. DeMejo and R. C. Bowen, J. Appl. Phys. 66, 3574-3578 (1989). In brief, the soft substrate allows the particles to embed, thereby increasing the force of adhesion and making removal difficult.
When transferring toners having a mean particle size less than 20 microns and using electrostatics at both transfers, a number of transfer artifacts occur. For example, a well known artifact called "hollow character" causes insufficient transfer in the middle of high density toned areas, e.g., in alphanumerics. Another artifact, "halo" is experienced when toner fails to transfer next to a dense portion of an image. Use of the materials suggested in the prior art tends to give these artifacts and others when using two electrostatic transfer steps. These problems cannot be eliminated merely by increase of the transfer field, since that expedient is limited by electrical breakdown.
Studies have been done of the forces causing adherence of toner to photoconductive and other surfaces as toner particles become smaller. These studies indicate that forces such as van der Waals forces holding toner to the surface of a photoconductive element have greater holding effect compared to electrostatic image forces as toner particles become smaller. For example, it is believed that, as toner particle size is reduced to 10 microns, the electrostatic force of the electrostatic image may be less than 10% of the total forces holding toner to the surface. See Rimai and Chowdry, U.S. Pat. No. 4,737,433. See, also, Dessauer and Clark, Xerography And Related Processes, page 393, Focal Press (NY), N. S. Goel and P. R. Spencer, Polym. Sci. Technol. 9B, pp 763-827 (1975).
We have found that careful choice of materials with respect to these non-image forces affecting toner particles can greatly improve the final transferred image.
It is the object of the invention to provide a method of transferring toner images electrostatically from a first image member to an intermediate image member and then electrostatically from the intermediate image member to a receiving sheet with a minimum of image defects and a maximum of utilized toner transferred.
It is also an object of the invention to provide an intermediate transfer roller usable in the above method.
The above and other objects are accomplished by a method of forming a toner image on a receiving sheet in which an electrostatic image is first formed on a primary image member, the electrostatic image is toned with a dry toner to form a toner image and the toner image is transferred from the primary image member to an intermediate image member in the presence of an electric field urging toner particles from the primary image member to the intermediate image member. The toner image is then transferred from the intermediate image member to a receiving sheet in the presence of an electric field urging the toner particles from the intermediate image member to the receiving sheet. The method is characterized by a careful choice of materials for the image member and the intermediate image member. That is, the release characteristics of both the primary image member and the intermediate image member and the proposed receiving sheet with respect to the toner particles are such that the toner more readily adheres to the intermediate image member than the primary image member and more readily adheres to the receiving sheet than the intermediate image member (ignoring the effect of the transfer field).
The intermediate member must be picked to have good release characteristics when transferring toner to the receiving sheet, but not so good that it is unable to effect thorough and complete transfer from the primary image member. This window can be widened by increasing the release characteristics of the primary image member, e.g., by utilizing a photoconductor having a fluorinated hydrocarbon as part of its outer surface or by applying zinc stearate or another similar release material to the image carrying surface of the primary image member. With such materials, an intermediate image member can be used with release characteristics that are good compared to the final receiving sheet, thereby obtaining effective transfer in both transfers.
Thus, according to a preferred embodiment, the intermediate should be relatively hard material, e.g., having a Young's modulus in excess of 5×107 Newtons per square meter. The hardness of the material is important in effecting release to the receiving sheet at the second transfer.
When the process is used for superposition of color images, registration is easier maintained when the intermediate is a roller or drum. Effective electrostatic transfer at both the transfer to the intermediate and away from the intermediate is best effected with a nip of some width which can be effected by some compliance in the transfer roller. The roller also has to participate in establishment of both transfer fields. Accoring to a preferred embodiment, we have found that the combined requirements of such a transfer roller are best met with a transfer roller of multi-layer design. It should have a core or base of a material having the appropriate conductivity necessary for creation of an electric field and appropriate compliance for formation of transfer nips, both of which characteristics are well known attributes of appropriately treated polyurethane. Preferably the core or base has a Young's modulus of 107 Newtons per square meter or less. Around the core is placed or coated an extremely thin skin of another material which cooperates with the primary image member surface, the receiver surface and the toner to satisfy the release characteristics of this invention. Preferably, the thin skin has a Young's modulus of 5×107 Newtons per square meter or more.
FIG. 1 is a side schematic of a color printer apparatus utilizing the invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-section of a portion of an intermediate transfer roller or drum constructed according to the invention.
FIG. 1 illustrates an apparatus in which the invention is intended to be used. A primary image member, for example, a photoconductive web 1 is trained about rollers 17, 18, and 19, one of which is drivable to move image member 1 past a series of stations well known in the electrophotographic art. Primary image member 1 is uniformly charged at a charging station 3, image-wise exposed at an exposure station 4, e.g., an LED print head or laser electronic exposure station, to create an electrostatic image. The image is toned by one of toner stations 5, 6, 7, or 8 to create a toner image corresponding to the color of toner in the station used. The toner image is transferred from primary image member 1 to an intermediate image member, for example, intermediate transfer roller or drum 2 at a transfer station formed between roller 18, primary image member 1, and transfer drum 2. The primary image member 1 is cleaned at a cleaning station 14 and reused to form more toner images of different color utilizing toner stations 5, 6, 7, and 8. One or more additional images are transferred in registration with the first image transferred to drum 2 to create a multi-color toner image on the surface of transfer drum 2.
The multi-color image is transferred to a receiving sheet which has been fed from supply 10 into transfer relationship with transfer drum 2 at transfer station 25. The receiving sheet is transported from transfer station 25 by a transport mechanism 13 to a fuser 11 where the toner image is fixed by conventional means. The receiving sheet is then conveyed from the fuser 11 to an output tray 12.
The toner image is transferred from the primary image member 1 to the intermediate transfer drum 2 in response to an electric field applied between the core of drum 2 and a conductive electrode forming a part of primary image member 1. The multi-color toner image is transferred to the receiving sheet at transfer station 25 in response to an electric field created between a backing roller 26 and the transfer drum 2. Thus, transfer drum 2 helps establish both electric fields. As is known in the art, a polyurethane roller containing an appropriate amount of anti-static material to make it of at least intermediate conductivity can be used for establishing both fields. Typically, the polyurethane is a relatively thick layer, e.g., one-quarter inch thick, which has been formed on an aluminum base. Typically, the electrode buried in primary image member 1 is grounded for convenience in cooperating with the other stations in forming the electrostatic and toner images. If the toner is a positively-charged toner, an electrical bias applied to intermediate transfer drum 2 of typically -1,000 to -1,500 volts will effect substantial transfer of toner images to transfer drum 2. To then transfer the toner image onto a receiving sheet at transfer station 25, a bias, e.g., of -2,000 volts, is applied to backing roller 26 to again urge the positively charged toner to transfer to the receiving sheet. Schemes are also known in the art for changing the bias on drum 2 between the two transfer locations so that roller 26 need not be at such a high potential.
Unfortunately, with small toners, utilizing a polyurethane roller and transferring the toners directly to the polyurethane surface, and then to the receiving sheet, transfer artifacts are observed on the receiving sheet. This is due to insufficient transfer under the urging of the electrostatic fields at one of the two transfer stations. We believe these artifacts to be due to the electrostatic field in a given area to be unable to overcome non-electrostatic forces between the toner and the surfaces involved. Increasing the electric field risks electrical breakdown.
We have found that if the intermediate member has a surface of material having release characteristics that are such that the toner prefers or adheres more readily to such surface than to that primary image member 1 and less readily to the surface than the receiving sheet, image artifacts of the nature described are greatly reduced.
A partial cross-section of a preferred embodiment of such an intermediate member is shown in FIG. 2 in which a roller or drum 2 having a polyurethane base 30 has a thin skin 20 coated or otherwise formed on it having the desired release characteristics. The polyurethane base has an aluminum core 40.
Since the invention is dependent upon relative release characteristics with respect to toner, four parameters may be worked with, that is, the characteristics of the toner and the respective characteristics of the surfaces of the image member, the intermediate member, and the receiving sheet. In some special applications, a particular receiving sheet could be specified. However, for most applications it is plain paper which has a fairly strong attraction for most toners. As the paper gets more finely finished, or transparency stock is substituted, it may have better release properties and may increase the problems of choosing the material for the intermediate and for the primary image member. The toner may also be varied somewhat. However, it has certain requirements for both development and fusing that greatly restrict its formulation and in most instances that formulation will not be conveniently variable when designing the transfer materials. Thus, the two parameters left are the release characteristics of the primary image member and the release characteristics of the intermediate image member.
Adding a fluoropolymer or a silicone to the formulation of the surface layer in primary image member 1 or applying a substance such as zinc stearate to the surface of image member 1 is a known expedient in conventional electrophotography and increases release characteristics of the primary image member as to all toners. When applied to this invention, it widens the window available when picking material for the intermediate image member.
We have also found that the surface of the intermediate member should be relatively hard, preferably having a Young's modulus in excess of 5×107 Newtons per square meter, to facilitate release of the toner to ordinary paper or another type receiving sheet. As will be seen from the examples, the intermediate preferably has a base or core having a Young's modulus 107 Newtons per square meter or less to assure good compliance for each transfer.
A primary image member, having an aggregated organic photoconductor as a charge transport layer was treated with a fluoronated polymer, Fluo-HT (a trademark of Micropowders, Inc.) to enhance its release characteristics and a series of different color images were formed on it using cross-linked polyester toners having a mean particle size less than 15 microns. The images were transferred to an intermediate consisting of a similar material which had been coated with zinc stearate to increase its release characteristics and the image was then transferred to paper. The intermediate was wrapped around a polyurethane roller having a Young's modulus of approximately 5×106 Newtons per square meter and a resistivity of 1010 ohm-cm. The Young's modulus of the primary image member was approximately 109 Newtons per square meter. In each instance the transfers were carried out in the presence of a potential of approximately 1,000 volts urging the transfer. Sever hollow characters were observed in the final print. Examination of the primary image member and the intermediate showed that the hollow characters occurred due to a failure to transfer from the primary image member to the intermediate, illustrating the problem of having an intermediate with release characteristics (due to the zinc stearate) superior to that of the primary image member with respect to the toner. These defects occur despite the force of the electrostatic field.
In Example 2 the same photoconductor treated with Fluo-HT was used, but the intermediate included an outer layer of Kapton-H (a trademark of DuPont applied to high surface energy polyamides). Kapton-H has good release characteristics, a Young's modulus in excess of 109 Newtons per square meter, but its release characteristics are not as good as that of the Fluo-HT treated photoconductor. Reasonably good transfer was observed in the final print onto plain paper with no hollow characters indicating that both transfers were effective.
In this example, Kapton-F (also a trademark of DuPont) was used as an intermediate with the image member of Example 1. This material is a polyamide similar to Kapton-H except that it has greater release characteristics because of the presence of flurocarbons. Because of the release characteristics of the intermediate member, toner transfer from the photoconductor resulted in severe hollow character in the final image transferred to the receiving sheet.
In this example Kapton-H was used as the intermediate, but the aggregated organic photoconductor is treated with zinc stearate. The zinc stearate treated photoconductor has superior release characteristics to even the Fluo-HT treated photoconductor and the final image after two transfers was good without hollow characters. Transfer was slightly better than Example 2.
The zinc stearate treated photoconductor from the previous example was used with Kapton-F as an intermediate. Because of the release characteristics of the photoconductor treated with zinc stearate, transfer was substantially improved over Example 3 where Kapton-F was used with a Fluo-HT treated photoconductor, but transfer was not quite as good as Examples 2 and 4.
The original photoconductor from Example 1 was used with an intermediate of Kapton-H, in this instance, the Kapton-H was in the form of a blanket 2 mils thick wrapped around a polyurethane roller. Transfer was reasonably good with hollow character absent, but a bit of halo defect was observed.
The same materials were used as in Example 6 except that 1 mil Kapton-H was used as the skin of the intermediate instead of 2 mil Kapton-H. In this instance halo was greatly reduced.
This example is the same as Example 6 except that 0.5 mil Kapton-H was used. Halo was virtually eliminated.
The improvement as a result of the thinness of the skin of the Kapton-H is an interesting result of the examples. The polyurethane base has a Young's modulus of about 106 Newtons per square meter. We believe that this result is due to the compliance of the polyurethane being more effective in providing good contact with the primary image member through the thin Kapton-H skin, while the skin provides good release characteristics for transfer to the paper receiver.
A 0.2 inch polyurethane base on an aluminum core was coated with an overcoat of a siloxane/urethane block copolymer having approximately 10% siloxane by weight to produce an intermediate image member. The overcoat was approximately 2 microns thick and had a volume resistivity of 1012 ohm-cm and a Young's modulus of approximately 108 Newtons per square meter. The polyurethane base had sufficient anti-static material to have a volume resistivity of 1010 ohm-cm. It had a Young's modulus of 106 Newtons per square meter.
Using a primary image member similar to Example 1, polyester toners having a mean volume diameter of 12 microns and 7 microns were effectively transferred to 20 pound bond paper, Vintage Velvet Offset paper and transparency stock.
This example is the same as Example 9 except that the intermediate overcoat was a 5 micron coating of a hard urethane resin sold under the tradename Permuthane by Permuthane, Inc., a division of ICI Inc., and having a Young's modulus of 108 Newtons per square meter and a volume resistivity of approximately 1012 ohm-cm.
Again, effective transfers were achieved with the same materials as in Example 9.
This example is the same as Examples 9 and 10 except that the intermediate image member overcoat was a 5 micron overcoat of a high molecular weight polycarbonate having a Young's modulus of 108 -109 Newtons per square meter and a volume resistivity of 1012 ohm-cm. Effective transfer was again achieved with the materials of Examples 9 and 10.
Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the intermediate image member is a drum, roller or other endless member having a base material, for example, polyurethane, having enough anti-static material added to have at least overall intermediate conductivity, with a Young's modulus 107 Newtons per square meter or less and a thin skin of harder material, having a Young's modulus greater than 5×107 Newtons per square meter and preferably in excess of 108 Newtons per square meter. The thin skin should be one mil or less in thickness, preferably, less than 10 microns. Preferably, the skin should be also of intermediate conductivity, although if it is very thin, it can be less conductive than the base.
The excellent results with 7 micron toner was especially remarkable considering the usual difficulties in electrostatically transferring such fine toners.
The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to a preferred embodiment thereof, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention as described hereinabove and as defined in the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 23, 1970
|Oct 10, 1972
|Xerox Corp
|Simultaneous image transfer
|Jan 21, 1972
|May 21, 1974
|Electroprint Inc
|Contact-transfer electrostatic printing system
|Oct 4, 1973
|Jul 8, 1975
|Itek Corp
|Electrophotographic toner transfer and fusing apparatus
|Jan 2, 1974
|Dec 2, 1975
|Itek Corp
|Electrophotographic copier
|Mar 4, 1976
|Jan 17, 1978
|Oce-Van Der Grinten N.V.
|Copier image transfer system
|Nov 5, 1982
|Feb 7, 1984
|Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd.
|Method and apparatus for transferring and fixing toner image using controlled heat
|Aug 5, 1982
|Jun 12, 1984
|Ricoh Company, Ltd.
|Electrostatographic apparatus
|Nov 15, 1982
|Jun 19, 1984
|Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd.
|Image reproducing apparatus
|Nov 15, 1982
|Jul 30, 1985
|Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd.
|Electrostatic reproducing apparatus having an intermediate toner image transfer member
|Mar 19, 1986
|Oct 27, 1987
|Tdk Corporation
|Magnetic recording medium
|Nov 3, 1986
|Apr 12, 1988
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Electrostatographic method of making images
|Apr 30, 1987
|Sep 26, 1989
|X-Solve, Inc.
|Electrophotographic photoreceptor containing a toner release material
|Feb 22, 1989
|Feb 6, 1990
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Copy apparatus having a non-integrally sized transfer device
|Apr 24, 1989
|Jan 8, 1991
|Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha
|Color image forming method
|May 22, 1990
|Jan 15, 1991
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Non-magnetic toner
|Sep 5, 1989
|Jun 25, 1991
|Colorocs Corporation
|Vertical print engine for electrophotographic apparatus
|D. S. Rimai, L. P. DeMejo and R. C. Bowen, J. Appl. Phys. 66, pp. 3574 3578 (1989).
|D. S. Rimai, L. P. DeMejo and R. C. Bowen, J. Appl. Phys. 66, pp. 3574-3578 (1989).
|Desauer and Clark, Xerography and Related Processes, p. 393, Focal Press (NY).
|N. S. Goel and P. R. Spencer, Polym. Sci. Technol. 9B, pp. 763 827 (1975).
|N. S. Goel and P. R. Spencer, Polym. Sci. Technol. 9B, pp. 763-827 (1975).
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 23, 1991
|Feb 16, 1993
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Method and apparatus of forming a toner image on a receiving sheet using an intermediate image member
|Nov 2, 1990
|Aug 3, 1993
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Image forming apparatus
|Apr 16, 1992
|Mar 1, 1994
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Electrophotographic recording apparatus
|Mar 16, 1992
|Apr 12, 1994
|Fujitsu Limited
|Color picture image formation device for developing latent image formed on a photosensitive body
|Oct 27, 1993
|Aug 9, 1994
|Xerox Corporation
|Intermediate transfer component coatings of ceramer and grafted ceramer
|Dec 2, 1992
|Dec 6, 1994
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Method of electrostatic transferring very small dry toner particles using an intermediate
|Jan 12, 1994
|Dec 20, 1994
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Mechanism for controlling roller contact in a liquid electrophotography system
|Dec 18, 1992
|Feb 14, 1995
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image forming apparatus having transfer material carrying member
|Nov 25, 1992
|Feb 28, 1995
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method for reducing high quality electrophotographic images
|May 31, 1994
|Jul 4, 1995
|Lexmark International, Inc.
|Polymeric toner transfer member material
|Mar 22, 1994
|Aug 1, 1995
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image forming apparatus with intermediate transfer member
|Jan 12, 1994
|Jan 16, 1996
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Method and apparatus for forming combined toner images
|Apr 14, 1994
|Feb 20, 1996
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Color electro-photographic apparatus with endless-belt-shaped photosensitive member
|Nov 14, 1994
|Jul 16, 1996
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Methods of making centrifugally cast parts
|Jan 31, 1995
|Oct 1, 1996
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Image forming method utilizing intermediate transfer
|Nov 17, 1994
|Dec 31, 1996
|Mirror Lite Of North Carolina
|Oval elliptical mirror
|Feb 9, 1996
|Sep 9, 1997
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Intermediate transfer of small toner particles
|Jun 18, 1996
|Sep 23, 1997
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Color image forming apparatus using intermediate transfer member
|Dec 5, 1996
|Oct 14, 1997
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Electrostatographic roller mask
|May 16, 1996
|Nov 18, 1997
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Transfer member having sectioned surface coating to enhance micro-compliance
|May 30, 1996
|Dec 23, 1997
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Compliant transfer member having multiple parallel electrodes and method of using
|Aug 30, 1996
|Dec 23, 1997
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image forming apparatus having dielectric constant relationship between image bearing member, intermediate transfer member and contact transfer device
|Dec 14, 1995
|Dec 30, 1997
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Multi-color method of toner transfer using non-marking toner and high pigment marking toner
|Nov 8, 1996
|Feb 3, 1998
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Method of transferring toner to a receiver having a sectioned surface coating
|May 30, 1996
|Feb 3, 1998
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Image forming method and apparatus utilizing a compliant image member
|Jun 10, 1996
|Feb 3, 1998
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Method and apparatus for transferring toner
|Nov 21, 1995
|Feb 3, 1998
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image forming apparatus having an intermediate transfer member and method of forming of image using the transfer member
|May 24, 1996
|Mar 17, 1998
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Electrostatographic apparatus and method for improved transfer of small particles
|Dec 26, 1996
|Mar 24, 1998
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Compliant electrographic recording member and method and apparatus for using same
|Nov 23, 1994
|Mar 24, 1998
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image forming apparatus comprising image bearing member, intermediate image transfer member and secondary image transfer member for facilitating transfer of developed image from intermediate image transfer member to transfer material
|Dec 14, 1995
|Apr 7, 1998
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Apparatus and method of toner transfer using non-marking toner
|Jun 4, 1996
|Jun 30, 1998
|Toray Industries, Inc.
|Electrophotographic printing method for printing on metal
|Dec 14, 1995
|Aug 11, 1998
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Apparatus and method of transfering toner using non-marking toner and marking toner
|Jan 20, 1995
|Aug 25, 1998
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Electrophotographic apparatus having an intermediate transfer device and registration controlling methods therefor
|Nov 20, 1997
|Sep 15, 1998
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Electrostatographic apparatus and method for improved transfer of small particles
|Jun 12, 1997
|Oct 13, 1998
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Electrographic printing apparatus and method
|May 30, 1996
|Oct 27, 1998
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Compliant photoconductive image member and method of use
|Apr 4, 1998
|May 18, 1999
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Method and apparatus for the removal of toner and magnetic carrier particles from a surface
|Jun 23, 1998
|Jul 13, 1999
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Electrostatographic apparatus and method using a transfer member that is supported to prevent distortion
|Jul 28, 1997
|Aug 10, 1999
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Method and apparatus for cleaning remnant toner and carrier particles
|Apr 30, 1997
|Aug 17, 1999
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image forming apparatus with voltage polarity switching means
|Sep 23, 1997
|Oct 12, 1999
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Method and apparatus for sensing and accomodating different thickness paper stocks in an electrostatographic machine
|Apr 25, 1997
|Oct 19, 1999
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Electrostatographic intermediate transfer member having a ceramer-containing surface layer
|Jul 28, 1997
|Dec 28, 1999
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Cleaning brush having insulated fibers with conductive cores and a conductive backing and method apparatus of cleaning with such brush
|Apr 25, 1997
|Jun 13, 2000
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Transfer member for electrostatography
|Jul 25, 1997
|Jun 13, 2000
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Method and apparatus using an endless web for facilitating transfer of a marking particle image from an intermediate image transfer member to a receiver member
|Jul 26, 1999
|Jan 16, 2001
|Bridgestone Corporation
|Intermediate transfer member and image formation apparatus using same
|Feb 24, 2000
|Aug 7, 2001
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Image forming apparatus with high release characteristic of a toner image
|Nov 26, 1997
|May 21, 2002
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Cleaning apparatus and image forming apparatus
|Jul 30, 2001
|Jan 28, 2003
|Bridgestone Corporation
|Toner carrier having a particular Z value, a particular creep value, or a particular universal hardness
|Apr 14, 1999
|Apr 29, 2003
|Bridgestone Corporation
|Charging member and charging device
|Jun 27, 2002
|Aug 19, 2003
|Nexpress Solutions Llc
|Electrophotographic apparatus and method for using textured receivers
|Nov 26, 1996
|Nov 18, 2003
|Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.
|Image recording apparatus and method with improved image transfer characteristics
|Jun 21, 2002
|May 11, 2004
|Nexpress Solutions Llc
|Compliant intermediate transfer roller with flexible mount
|Sep 16, 2002
|Nov 2, 2004
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Image forming apparatus
|Jun 23, 2003
|Mar 21, 2006
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Electrophotographic toner and development process using chemically prepared toner
|Aug 28, 2003
|May 30, 2006
|Lexmark International, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for ink-jet printing onto an intermediate drum in a helical pattern
|Jun 8, 2004
|Dec 12, 2006
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Detection of background toner particles
|Oct 14, 2004
|Jan 30, 2007
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Double-sleeved electrostatographic roller
|Jan 26, 2005
|Aug 7, 2007
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Electrostatographic apparatus having transport member with high friction layer
|Aug 26, 2003
|Oct 23, 2007
|Ricoh Company, Ltd.
|Apparatus for suppressing deformations in a belt of an image forming device
|Sep 1, 2005
|Sep 16, 2008
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Developer mixing apparatus having four ribbon blenders
|Mar 9, 2005
|Jan 27, 2009
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Powder coating apparatus and method of powder coating using an electromagnetic brush
|Oct 14, 2005
|Feb 10, 2009
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Electrostatographic method using compliant intermediate transfer member
|Jun 29, 2007
|Feb 8, 2011
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Self-cleaning electrophotographic toning roller system
|Jul 12, 2011
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Method of manufacturing a low cost intermediate transfer member
|Jun 30, 2010
|Dec 18, 2012
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Cleaning brush for electrostatographic apparatus
|Jun 23, 2003
|May 20, 2004
|Jan Bares
|Electrophotographic toner and development process using chemically prepared toner
|Aug 26, 2003
|Jun 17, 2004
|Katsuya Kawagoe
|Image forming apparatus
|Jun 8, 2004
|Dec 16, 2004
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Detection of background toner particles
|Aug 18, 2004
|Feb 10, 2005
|Hokushin Corporation
|Roller member
|Oct 14, 2004
|May 26, 2005
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Double-sleeved electrostatographic roller
|Mar 9, 2005
|Sep 15, 2005
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Powder coating apparatus and method of powder coating using an electromagnetic brush
|Aug 19, 2004
|Feb 23, 2006
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Electrostatographic apparatus with cleaning device for controlling release oil transfer
|Mar 9, 2006
|Jul 13, 2006
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Powder coating apparatus and method of powder coating using an electromagnetic brush
|Jan 26, 2005
|Jul 27, 2006
|Ferrar Wayne T
|Electrostatographic apparatus having transport member with high friction layer
|Sep 1, 2005
|Mar 1, 2007
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Electrographic developer mixing apparatus and process
|Oct 14, 2005
|Apr 19, 2007
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Electrostatographic method
|Aug 14, 2006
|Feb 14, 2008
|Hendriksma Nick J
|Method and apparatus for controlling a switchable cam follower
|Aug 14, 2006
|Feb 14, 2008
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Method of manufacturing a low cost intermediate transfer member
|Aug 14, 2006
|Feb 14, 2008
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Electrically biasable electrographic member
|Jun 10, 2008
|Oct 2, 2008
|Thompson Paul E
|Electrographic developer mixing apparatus and process
|Jun 10, 2008
|Oct 2, 2008
|Stelter Eric C
|Powder coating apparatus and method of powder coating using an electromagnetic brush
|Jun 29, 2007
|Jan 1, 2009
|Stern Philip A
|Self-cleaning electrophotographic toning roller system
|Jan 6, 2009
|May 7, 2009
|Rimai Donald S
|Electrostatographic method
|May 31, 1995
|Dec 6, 1995
|Lexmark International, Inc.
|Polymeric toner transfer member material
|Nov 23, 1995
|Jun 5, 1996
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image forming apparatus having an intermediate transfer member and method of forming of image using the transfer member
|Aug 28, 2003
|Mar 24, 2004
|Ricoh Company, Ltd.
|Image forming apparatus
|Jul 30, 2007
|Feb 21, 2008
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Intermediate transfer member
|Jun 15, 2011
|Jan 12, 2012
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Cleaning brush for electrostatographic apparatus
|Oct 25, 2011
|May 3, 2012
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Intermediate transfer member and imaging apparatus and method
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 25, 1990
Owner name: EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, ROCHESTER, NY, A CORP. OF N
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|May 12, 1995
|Fee payment
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DRM takes two further steps
Warner has signed a deal with MySpace to begin offering music to it's members on the social networking site - but with DRM intact.
Many expected Warner to follow EMI's move with Apple to offer DRM-free downloads; however the record company has decided to offer its music in the copy-protected version on Microsoft's Windows Media format.
MySpace uses Snocap who provides the download infrastructure on the site and although small labels and individual artists sold music online directly - this new deal means a major record label will support the social networking phenomenon. MySpace users are used to downloading MP3 so this will be an interesting and restrictive move by News Corp.
While DRM was an easy issue for MySpace, the HD DVD row with Digg deepened this week. The AACS Protection Body has said that bloggers crossed the line when they published the HD DVD crack code.
Over 700,000 pages have published the key to date.
The key code has now been revoked and the AACS plan to take the illegal activity further.
Here's what the Samsung Gear Fit 2 and Gear IconX cordless buds look like
Sonos now works with Amazon Prime Music properly
Harman Kardon Go + Play shows there's still interest in quality Bluetooth speakers
B&O Beoplay A1 Bluetooth stylish speaker lasts a whopping 24-hours
- Sonos now works with Amazon Prime Music properly
- Harman Kardon Go + Play shows there's still interest in quality Bluetooth speakers
- B&O Beoplay A1 Bluetooth stylish speaker lasts a whopping 24-hours
- The Denon Design Series: Real Hi-Fi for real lifestyles
- JBL Reflect Aware C will pipe noise-cancelled music from your USB Type-C port
- Vinyl fan? Audio-Technica AT-LP60BT Bluetooth turntable offers cool without the wires
- Naim Mu-so Qb review: An all-round success
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- Astell & Kern AK380 is one bonkers but beautiful high-res portable player
- 5 Lightning headphones to buy when iPhone ditches the 3.5mm jack
- Samsung Galaxy S7 vs LG G5: Which is better?
- Samsung Galaxy S7 tips and tricks: Master your new Galaxy
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- What's new in Hungry Shark World? 6 new features revealed
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Written on: 20/07/2013
Booked through James first via live chat then he phoned us to confirm all details. Very good service as well as good prices.
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No bookings available beyond March
British Airways set to pull out of Dar es Salaam
(eTN) - Information was just confirmed from a regular aviation source in Dar es Salaam, that British Airways (BA) appears set to leave Tanzania's commercial capital come March this year. The respective booking systems do not show any flight availability beyond March either, adding a further confirmation to the particulars given from Tanzania.
The departure of BA, though in today's competitive aviation environment less significant considering the daily flights by Emirates, Qatar Airways, Turkish Airlines, KLM, and others, will nevertheless be a blow to Tanzania's efforts to promote the country abroad as a preferred tourism and trade destination. The move also comes at a time when discoveries of major oil and gas deposits along the southern coast line of Tanzania are making waves and bringing a whole new range of investment opportunities for companies from overseas, potentially flying with BA.
Tourism stakeholders were clearly stunned by the announcement and several contacted in fact had not heard about the development by the time the question was posed to them; news, however, that is certain to spread overnight and tomorrow when the daily newspapers are expected to carry the stories.
No immediate reasons were available from any known BA sources in Eastern Africa why the airline was pulling out from Tanzania, but considering that Virgin left Nairobi a few months ago, it surely raised questions what British airlines are up to in the medium and long term vis-a-vis flights to Eastern Africa.
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- Quarterly tourism statistics of Seychelles speak for themselves, says Minister Alain St.Ange, the islands' Minister of Tourism and Culture


text:
Product Description
Our 3/8 inch by 100 yard navy blue organdy ribbon rolls are perfect for any decorative craft project or adding a unique blend of color and style to your wedding or event. Complement your Chair Covers with a beautiful accent of color or customize your Favor Bags with a personal touch. Give your packages, invitations or floral arrangements a professional look by simply adding a decorative ribbon. If you are looking for an easy and fun way to enhance your wedding or event, then our organdy ribbon rolls are exactly what you need.
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Additional Information
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