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Burgerville Workers Union has gone public!
By DJ Acid Rick - Portland IWW, April 26, 2016
Learn more about the Burgerville Workers Union, and how you can get involved.
IWW Newswire: 2016-4
Compiled by x344543 - April 27, 2016
The following news items are culled from various other IWW (and other) internet news portals:May Day:
- Scranton May Day 2016 - By x379012, IWW Local 570, April 25, 2016
- Liverpool IWW Statement on the Hillsborough Verdicts - By staff, Liverpool IWW, April 26, 2016
- If Trump Wins, I Ain't Going Back To Africa: A Decree Of Preservation and Refuge - By Keno Evol, The Organizer, April 20, 2016
- From here to there: how I became a Wobbly - By Juan Conatz, Libcom.Org, April 21, 2016
- Strike Back!: May Day 2016 - By Edinburgh Wobbly, IWW Scotland, April 21, 2016
- Congédié, puis expulsé du Canada pour avoir participé à une grève au Québec - By Staff, Syndicat Industriel des Travailleuses et des Travailleurs, April 13, 2016
- Strike Back!: Spring 2016 - By Edinburgh Wobbly, IWW Scotland, April 12, 2016
- Brève syndicale du 5 au 11 avril - By Staff, Syndicat Industriel des Travailleuses et des Travailleurs, April 11, 2016
- 15 at UPS | 15$/heure chez UPS - By Coeur de Bord, Libcom.Org, April 9, 2016
- Solidarité avec les coursiers et coursières à vélo de San Francisco - By Staff, Syndicat Industriel des Travailleuses et des Travailleurs, April 8, 2016
- Es kommt nicht immer auf die Größe an - Schreibe einen Kommentar, Lower Class Magazine, April 7, 2016
- Palmares des boss pourris. Inscris le tien! - By Staff, Syndicat Industriel des Travailleuses et des Travailleurs, April 6, 2016
- Prisoners Call for a National Strike on the Anniversary of Attica - By Neal Shirley, Mask, April 5, 2016
- Strike Roundup Day 1: Texas Prisons Shook by IWOC Initiated Strikes - By Staff, IWW Incarcerated Workers Organizing Committee, April 5, 2016
- Brève syndicale du 28 mars au 4 avril - By Staff, Syndicat Industriel des Travailleuses et des Travailleurs, April 4, 2016
- Interview: Resisting the cuts in Dundee and across Scotland - By Edinburgh Wobbly, IWW Scotland, April 1, 2016
- Les Wobblies à travers le monde, Chronique de Mars - By Staff, Syndicat Industriel des Travailleuses et des Travailleurs, April 1, 2016
- Organizing im Callcenter - By Mark Richter, Sozialistische Zeitung, April 2016
Wobbles 2016-5
Compiled by x344543 - April 27, 2016
The following news items may be of interest to revolutionary industrial workers:
- Truck Workers Jump-Start Union and Reverse Two-Tier - By Chris Brooks, Labor Notes, April 27, 2016
- Kuwaiti Oil Workers End Three Day Strike - By Homoud Halabi, Facts For Working People, April 22, 2016
- SEIU Caught While Attempting to Ink Sweetheart Deal with Airbnb - By staff, Stern Burger with Fries, April 22, 2016
- Garment workers' strike jams Hosur Road for 7 hours - By staff, The Times of India, April 19, 2016
- The Anarcho-Syndicalist Initiative: Membership for Individuals and Existing Groups - By Mike K, Ideas and Action, April 18, 2016
- A love letter to Bernie - By Eric Forman, ROAR Mag, April 11, 2016
- "Stop Oppressing Us": Detroit Teachers Speak - By Eliza A. Webb, Truthout, April 11, 2016
- 'Up All Night' Protests Sweep France as 100,000 Join Pro-Democracy Movement - By Lauren McCauley, Common Dreams, April 11, 2016
- These Jimmy John's Workers Were Fired Illegally. Five Years Later, They Might Get Their Jobs Back - By Dave Jamieson, Huffington Post, April 9, 2016
- Former Calavera Employees Fight Back Against Alleged Wage Theft - By Sydney Johnson, East Bay Express, April 8, 2016
- #NuitDebout: a movement is growing in France's squares - By Sam Cossar-Gilbert, ROAR Mag, April 6, 2016
- Massive Day of Demos in France to Preserve Labor Rights - By Jennifer Baker, Revolution News, April 5, 2016
- Martin Luther King Was Assassinated On This Day in 1968—While Fighting For Unions - By Peter Cole, In These Times, April 4, 2016
- Dave Regan Plays Hide n' Seek with California Hospital Association - By staff, Stern Burger with Fries, April 1, 2016
- School Shutdown in Chicago Underscores Attacks on Public Education Nationwide - By Sarah Macaraeg, Truthout, April 1, 2016
- Chicago Airport Workers Join 9-City Strike Demanding Higher Wages and a Union - By Branko Marcetic, In These Times, March 31, 2016
- France: Tens of Thousands Protest Against Labor Reforms - By Erin Gallagher, Revolution News, March 31, 2016
- SEIU Heavy on the Ropes: Trouble Makers Gather in Chicago - By Cal Winslow, Counterpunch, March 31, 2016
- After "Friedrichs" Victory, US Labor Can't Take It Easy: We Have a World to Win - By Cedric de Leon, Truthout, March 30, 2016
- Against Activism - By Astra Taylor, The Baffler, Spring 2016
April 23 2016 Fleet Memo
Passenger Industry History
April 16 2016 Fleet Memo
April 9 2016 Fleet Memo
March 26 2016 Fleet Memo
March 19 2016 Fleet Memo
The 4th Precinct: a black anarchist's perspective on struggle in Minneapolis' Northside streets
By Ikemba Kuti - First of May Anarchist Alliance, March 25, 2016
On November 15th, 2015, police executed Jamar Clark in North Minneapolis, MN. Several witnesses claim that Mr. Clark was handcuffed and on the ground when he was shot in the head. Following the execution, an occupation of the 4th precinct police station took place on Plymouth Avenue.
The call for the encampment and occupation came from Black Lives Matter – Minneapolis. BLM-MPLS, is a part of the nation-wide organization of chapters that is backed by the Democratic Party of the same system that ensures black and brown communities are hyper- policed. BLM-St. Paul is not a part of the nation-wide organization, and has even been condemned for making Black Lives Matter as a whole "look bad" for simply chanting "Pigs in a blanket, fry 'em like bacon…" while they are not a chartered chapter.
BLM-MPLS' call for the encampment resulted in BLM organizers heading the movement with little to no democratic process until later in the struggle. The encampment also generated tensions arising from different agendas, ideologies, levels of anger, and an array of different tactics that different organizations and members of the community aimed to use.
The nationally connected Black Lives Matter-Minneapolis did, and does, great work at getting people to come out. Unfortunately, they also do great work channeling that revolutionary energy into their dogmatic nonviolent reformism due to an undeniable affiliation with the Democratic Party (the system), which must be noted by those interested in liberation of the people, and which is quickly revealed through research on those who are heading #CampaignZero (Black Lives Matter flow chart to attain a world with limited police terror).
Take note of campaign zero's four person "planning team" these are important facts: "In 2014, Brittany helped bring community voice to the Ferguson Commission and President Obama's Task Force on 21st Century Policing as an appointee to each. She's been named one of TIME Magazine's 12 New Faces of Black Leadership"1. This individual works directly for the president.
The remaining three are also heavily connected to non-profits such as Teach for America (TFA), which is also historically connected to maintaining the system. For example: TFA was recently given a grant to continue to project their brand through the media. Furthermore, another member of this four-person team was the other recipient; she is the director of St Louis TFA. TFA is, effectively, the leading edge of the neoliberal attempts to gut city schools and further hinder education equity, which in turn systemically hinders black and brown kids educational achievement under the guise of helping those kids.
As an anarchist, of African descent, I argue that we need revolutionary struggle controlled by the grassroots and not by top-down leaders. It was the domination of top-down leadership from BLM-Minneapolis, and their seemingly unconscious commitment to the system, that effectively steered Northside community militants away from 1) the encampment, 2) becoming further politicized, and 3) in playing any role in the organizing of their own communities self-determination. Their voices were effectively hushed; just as the system we function under has done for centuries to oppressed people of color.
The Strike is On! Texas Prisoners Strike for Human Rights, End to Prison Slavery
UPDATE 1: Robertson Center is currently locked down due to the strike, despite denial by the TDCJ of such retaliatory actions. #EyesOnTexas
UPDATE 2: We have recently received news from someone incarcerated in TX that the TDCJ is threatening prisoners with a 20 day lockdown of the entire prison system statewide in an effort discourage the strike. 'If you don't work for free we'll put you on lockdown'. #EyesOnTexas
CONTACT: Incarcerated Workers Organizing Committee (IWOC), an affiliate of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), 816-866-3808, email@example.com
Houston, TX. In a historic action, members of the Industrial Workers of the World's Incarcerated Workers Organizing Committee (IWOC) inside Texas prisons announced rolling prison strikes beginning this morning. As of 9:30 AM we have confirmed that Robertson Unit is on lockdown. Roach and Polunsky Units were on lockdown but have been released now.
IWW Newswire: 2016-3
Compiled by x344543 - March 29, 2016
The following news items are culled from various other IWW (and other) internet news portals:Lead:
- Texas Prisoners Threaten to Strike April 4th with IWW Prisoner Union - By Incarcerated Workers Organizing Committee, It's Going Down, March 29, 2016
- Ruling backs fired Jimmy John's workers in Twin Cities labor dispute - By Christopher Snowbeck, Minneapolis Star Tribune, March 26, 2016
- La Régie du très très lentement… Pour qui? - By Nathaniel Oliveri-Pilotte, Syndicat Industriel des Travailleuses et des Travailleurs, March 27, 2016
- Edinburgh IWW presentation - By Edinburgh Branch Communications Officer, IWW Scotland, March 22, 2016
- IWW's in Texas Prisons Planning Work Stoppages for Early April - By Staff, IWW Incarcerated Workers Organizing Committee, March 22, 2016
Les assassins du fellow worker Frank Teruggi condamnés au Chili | Killers of IWW member Frank Teruggi sentenced in Chile - By Staff, Syndicat Industriel des Travailleuses et des Travailleurs, March 21, 2016
- "Just Don't Do It": An Interview with Eric Dirnbach on Campus Anti-Sweatshop Organizing - By Eric Dirnbach, Classroom, March 20, 2016
- Brève syndicale 7 au 18 mars - By Staff, Syndicat Industriel des Travailleuses et des Travailleurs, March 19, 2016
- Les Wobblies à travers le monde - By Staff, Syndicat Industriel des Travailleuses et des Travailleurs, March 17, 2016
- Brève syndicale du 29 février au 6 mars - By Staff, Syndicat Industriel des Travailleuses et des Travailleurs, March 8, 2016
- Prospection de conjonctures - By x374163, Syndicat Industriel des Travailleuses et des Travailleurs, March 4, 2016
- Militancy and the Beautiful Game: An interview with Gabriel Kuhn - By Gabriel Kuhn, Recomposition, March 3, 2016
- [History Remembered] Third Degree In San Francisco-Report About Sailor And IWW Member Ray Guthrie In 2016 SF Preparedness Day Bombing - By Staff, Transport Workers Soldarity Committee, February 27, 2016
- Are We Militant Unionists? - By Staff, New Syndicalist, February 22, 2016
- No Pain No Gain - By Kingsley Clarke, Recomposition, February 22, 2016
- Pensez-y (Dernière partie) - By Tim Acott, Syndicat Industriel des Travailleuses et des Travailleurs, February 22, 2016
- The forgotten legacy of Keith Jackson - By Marc Norton, 48 Hills, February 21, 2016
- Free Virginia Movement Declaration - By Free Virginia Movement, IWW Incarcerated Workers Organizing Committee, February 16, 2016
- Overcoming Burnout, Part 3 – Transforming not withdrawing - By Nicole Vosper, Empty Cages Design, February 15, 2016 (Visit the site for the other parts)
Recycling is important – and recycling workers deserve better conditions
Americans are beginning to dump our throw-away economy. Curbside recycling is now available in most west coast communities and more than 9,000 cities across America. It's helping to divert one-third of our waste that used to be burned or buried.
Recycling is also good because it conserves raw materials and saves money for local governments. And it reduces greenhouse gases that cause global climate change.
But recycling won't succeed if recycling workers don't have decent pay, good benefits and safe working conditions. Most full-time recycling workers are forced to live in poverty – and their "green jobs" are far too dangerous. Recycling workers are being killed and seriously injured every year.
On March 1, a 42-year old worker was killed at a Waste Management's recycling plant in Philadelphia. He was crushed to death by a one-ton bale of paper.
Ironically – on same day – a Bay Area recycling firm was being honored by workers and community leaders for "dramatically improving working conditions" at a company which recently signed an ILWU Local 6 contract. During an interfaith luncheon, the Sierra Club's Ruth Abbe presented a plaque to Chris Valbusa, general manager of Alameda County Industries (ACI), recognizing the company's effort to cooperate with workers and create safer jobs with good pay, benefits and the right to fair treatment.
ACI and Waste Management are both private companies. And like most large recycling firms, their workers are paid with public funds – from residents and ratepayers – through contracts awarded by local governments.
When we drop a newspaper, bottle, or food waste in our recycling bin, it's good to know that it will be recycled – but most of us don't know anything about the workers performing these dirty and dangerous jobs – often employed by companies who exploit labor and cut corners on safety.
Years before the worker was killed at Waste Management's Philadelphia facility on March 1, reports of hazardous conditions were being received by the Philadelphia Project on Occupational Safety and Health (PhilaPOSH). The complaints included workers getting sick on the job, suffering from poor ventilation, dust, dizziness, fainting – and even coughing up blood.
These conditions happen when employers cut corners on safety to deal with materials arriving in recycling bins that include syringes, toxic chemicals, animal carcasses, human waste and other filth. A 2015 study by public health experts, "Sustainable and Safe Recycling," found that recycling workers are injured more than twice as much as other industrial workers. The findings also noted that fifteen recycling workers were killed on the job between 2011 and 2013.
The only way for workers to protect themselves is through education and active health and safety programs that they can control.
At the Waste Management facility in Philadelphia, we learned that many workers were considered "temporary" and assigned by an agency called Centrix Staffing. To check the company's approach to safety, we asked a Spanish-speaking colleague to apply for work there. He was shown a short training video – in English – then deemed ready for work, with no hands-on instruction and no evidence that he understood any of the material presented to him.
The incident was captured on film in the an excellent documentary, "A Day's Work," which details the hazards – including death – facing workers in America's growing "temp" industry.
Something similar happened to ACI workers who were also being hired as temps by an outside agency until 16 months ago. Things changed at ACI because workers asked the Longshore Union to help them organize a campaign to improve conditions. The effort included legal action to enforce living wage laws. Workers attended classes on their own time to learn about safety and rights on the job through trainings provided by the University of California's Labor Occupational and Health Program. Help from the Coalition for Sustainable Recycling mobilized dozens of groups to support the effort, including Worksafe! Local churches, immigrant rights organizations and environmental groups contacted elected officials in the communities where ACI had recycling contracts.
ACI responded in a positive way to this growing pressure. The company dropped the temp agency and made the workers real employees. In October of 2014, ACI's recycling workers formally voted to join ILWU. Instead of fighting the outcome, ACI management negotiated a fair agreement with a committee elected by workers.
The results have transformed pay and working conditions at ACI and lifted families out of poverty. Previous wages of $8 an hour will reach over $20 an hour by July 2019. Workers now earn sick pay, vacations, holidays and health insurance for their families. And safety has improved dramatically, thanks to an active health and safety committee that meets every three months – and includes a strong voice from workers.
The remarkable story of progress at ACI proves there is a clear path to reduce injuries on the job and prevent future tragedies: listen to workers; respect their right to organize; and support smart, effective labor-management cooperation.
The people who handle our recyclables ultimately work for us. So let's treat them with the dignity and respect that they deserve.
–Gail Bateson & Barbara Rahke
Gail Bateson is executive director at WorkSafe, an Oakland-based group that supported ILWU recycling workers through the Sustainable Recycling Coalition. Barbara Rahke is executive director of PhilaPOSH and board chair of the National Council for Occupational Safety and Health.
Longshoreman & wife support their community, family – and son who played in the Super Bowl
Regan Keo is a respected member of Local 19 who has worked on Seattle's waterfront for decades. But his profile increased dramatically earlier this year when word spread that his son, Shiloh, was playing for the Denver Broncos and heading for Super Bowl 50.
"There was a lot of buzz and excitement from so many of us who were proud of Regan, his family and his son," said Local 19 President Rich Austin, Jr.
27 years of coaching
While he's invested decades on the docks, Regan's true passion revolves around his devotion to coaching and mentoring young athletes.
"We've been coaching for 27 years now," said Regan, who uses the word "we" intentionally to acknowledge the important role played by his wife and partner, Diana, who is an integral part of their successful and unique coaching effort. "We're a team that does it all together," he says, "I'm the offensive coach, and she's the defensive coach." The couple coaches football and softball – both fast and slow-pitch.
Philosophy of fun
The young people they mentor range in age from 7 to 14 and all of them receive the same message from Regan and Diana who believe that strong teams are built on a coaching philosophy that boils down to three words: "firm but fun!" The couple says that approach is one reason they always have an after-game BBQs for the players and their families – whether the team wins or loses. "We always try to have fun out there, and think of ourselves more as teachers than coaches," adds Diana. "These kids are young and so open to ideas – they just sponge-up new concepts."
Respecting women
One of the concepts they try to get across is respect for girls and women. The young men being taught by this veteran female defensive expert are getting more than just a novel coaching experience and valuable field strategy. The couple hopes to provide an example with lifetime impact. "We hope it teaches them to respect women and understand they can go beyond what they think is 'normal,'," says Regan.
Big family at home
In addition to teaching and mentoring dozens of children on the field each season, the Keo's have kept busy over the years raising their family of seven children. Their kids all played sports at a young age, and one – Shiloh – showed some special talent at a very early age. "We both saw that he had something special when he was just seven years old," said Regan. "We could see that he had a chance to go very far." But the couple remained sober about what the future might hold, providing sound advice to Shiloh, their other children – and every child they've coached during the past 27 years.
Realistic advice
"We've done this long enough to be able to tell kids that it will be hard, especially if you spend time away from your family – if you're lucky enough to play at college," says Regan. "We tell them to focus on their school work, and not just party – because very few of them will be able to make a living by being an athlete."
Beating the odds
Because their son Shiloh showed remarkable speed and agility at a young age, his parents tried to prepare him for the trials and tribulations that face a promising pro athlete.
In Shilo's case, his career began when his exceptional high school performance led to being recruited by the University of Idaho in 2006 where he made 72 tackles his freshman year and was voted MVP the next. After recovering from an injury in his junior year, he finished his senior year with another MVP award and set several college records.
Entering the NFL
Shiloh beat the odds facing most college players when he was drafted by the Houston Texans in 2011 where he made some key plays, became a team captain in 2012, and moved up to become starting safety in late 2013. Then an injury in 2014 caused him to be cut from the team. After recovering, he was signed by the Cincinnati Bengals in early 2015 – but then released later that same year.
Super Bowl bound
At the end of 2015, Denver signed Shiloh, who jumped into the last regular season game on January 3, making an interception that led to a winning touchdown. Then it was on to the AFC Championship against the Patriots on Jan 24 where he recovered an onside kick attempt by New England with 12 seconds remaining in the game, protecting Denver's 20-18 win that sent the Broncos to Super Bowl 50.
Big challenges
Regan and Diana know that Shiloh still faces an uphill fight for job security in one of America's most insecure and hazardous professions where the pay can be staggering, but most careers are shockingly brief – typically just over three years according to the Players Association union. And players also face the prospect of bankruptcy and financial ruin when they leave the game at a staggering rate of 78%, according to a recent Sports Illustrated study.
Dad remains his coach Shiloh ties to be reflective as he maneuvers his way through the obstacle course of professional sports. Many of the pros have to struggle on their own without support from two parents. Shiloh's one of the lucky ones with a mother and father who continue to provide their son with rock solid support – something he recognizes and appreciates.
"He's still my coach today," says Shiloh about his father. "I come from a very big family. We have a lot of men in the family. We all grew up playing football. Everything I learned I started off learning from my family and learning from my dad.
"Once I was able to start playing, my dad was my coach until I got to high school, and it didn't stop," he said, explaining that the support continued when he moved away to college.
"I thought there would be no more dad coaching me. But it never stops. He'll always be there for me, and he'll always give me tips when he thinks I need some. He's always there to support me. I can't thank him enough."
Life moves ahead
Regan Keo and his wife have no intention of ending the support for their son, the rest of their family – or the thousands of kids they've taught and mentored over nearly three decades.
"My longshore job was flexible enough to let us coach together all these years," says Regan. "At some point, I'll retire, but the coaching will continue, and we'll keep helping these kids every second that they're on the field, so we can help them go as far as possible in life."
HC&S sugar plantation in Hawaii to close
PUUNENE, Maui – At its peak, sugar was the number one industry in Hawaii with hundreds of thousands of acres under cultivation on Kauai, Oahu, Maui and Hawaii island.
By 2015, only Maui's Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Company (HC&S) remained of the industry once called "king," and by the end of 2016 that last plantation will grind to a halt, ending commercialized sugar in the state.
Shut-down announced affecting 650 ILWU members
"The day began like any other day," recalled Charles Andrion, a third-generation sugar worker at HC&S. "It was the first week of the year and the beginning of the off season, when repairs and refitting of equipment are done. It was business as usual, and hopes were high that the harvest season would start soon." Just after noon, a company town hall meeting at 1:00 p.m. was announced. Under overcast skies,
HC&S workers were given a packet with a letter stating that the company would be phasing out of sugar after the current crop is harvested at the end of the year. The shutdown will affect more than 650 ILWU members.
Citing operating losses of $30 million in 2015 and a forecast of continued losses in the future, the company said that it will stop planting in early March, and as many as 90 field workers will lose their jobs. The rest of the workers will lose their jobs throughout the year as their specific responsibilities are completed.
Workers and their families face uncertainty
Andrion has worked as an Instrument Technician since he was accepted into HC&S's apprenticeship program after graduating from college nine years ago. His grandfather was one of the sakadas who were recruited from the Philippines to work on the plantation in 1946. His grandparents and parents were able to provide for their families with the wages and benefits they received, which were negotiated by the ILWU. Andrion was stunned by the unforeseen announcement by Alexander & Baldwin (A&B), the parent company of HC&S.
During a family discussion at the dinner table the day before the announcement, Andrion's four-year-old pre-schooler asked if they could sign her up for gymnastic class. "I told her yes, but after the announcement was made, we are not sure if we can afford the tuition," said Andrion.
Disappointment in the decision to close
Esther Manibog's father was also a sakada. He met the woman of his dreams who was working in the power plant and married her and put down roots in Maui. In 1986, Esther began working in the field like her father. After several years, she was accepted into the apprenticeship program and earned certifications to be an electrician. Manibog considered applying for jobs outside of HC&S but didn't because the ILWU negotiated wages and benefits provided her enough to pay the mortgage and Manibog expressed her disappointment regarding A&B's decision to shut down the operation. She described how the union—Local, Maui Division, and HC&S unit officers—mobilized her fellow HC&S workers and their families and worked hard to educate the community on the economic benefits and the jobs that HC&S provided.
"We provided testimony in opposition to the proposed reductions of water from East Maui because of the concerns over the economic impacts that the reduced water would have on the plantation and jobs, Esther said.
A lawsuit seeking to end all agricultural burning was filed by the "Stop Cane Burning group" against HC&S last July. "Through a coordinated effort, by the union, we gathered more than 6,000 signatures on a petition supporting the current Agricultural Burning Permit and delivered it to the Department of Health." Manibog said, "Despite all these efforts, A&B made the decision to close."
An Injury to One is an Injury to All
With the first layoff period fast approaching, the union again mobilized— this time to help the affected workers in transitioning into new jobs and to deal with the hardships that they will face. A survey was sent out to the workers immediately after the announcement was made. The survey allows the union to gather information on the affected worker's needs so that the appropriate resources are provided by the company as well as federal, state and county governments. The workers also updated their contact information to ensure that the union can provide additional information or assistance when needed.
Two open house meetings were held at the ILWU Hall in Wailuku on January 15-16, 2016, to meet the workers face-to-face and to answer any questions that they may have. Assistance in completing the survey was available. English and Ilocano speaking members were on hand to make certain that everyone understood what services and programs are available to help them with the transition and layoff. Help will also be provided to laid-off workers applying for unemployment benefits.
Effects bargaining to begin
Because HC&S workers are covered by an ILWU contract, the company has a duty to bargain with the ILWU over the effects of the closure on workers. This is called effects bargaining.
Some of the issues that will be discussed are severance pay, payout of unused vacation and sick leave, seniority, retirement benefits, and medical and dental insurance. The union has asked to begin effects bargaining with HC&S as quickly as possible. "We will be working hard to assure that the workers receive the full benefit of their contract and what they are entitled to by federal and state law," said ILWU President and negotiating committee spokesperson Donna Domingo.
Severance pay and medical coverage
Severance pay is usually based on the length of employment with a company and is not required by the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). However, the ILWU negotiated contract with HC&S includes severance as a benefit and specifies that it will be paid out on the basis of nine days' pay for each year of service for all eligible workers. No union dues are deducted from severance pay.
The union negotiating committee's goal is to increase the severance benefit to help laid-off workers pay for housing and other expenses—a concern for many HC&S ILWU members. Mariano Oliveros, who emigrated from the Philippines seven years ago, got his first full-time job as a drip irrigation hookup and repair worker. "My family is living comfortably because the plantation provided me with a stable income. I'm in my fifties, too old to find another job easily. How am I going to pay for my medical coverage and mortgage without a job?" said Oliveros. Another area that the union negotiating committee will be working on is the severance payout timeframe.
Workers at other companies have waited up to 14 months after the closure to receive their severance pay. The union negotiating committee will do its best to insure that the severance is paid out in a timely manner.
The union negotiating committee will also be fighting to extend the period during which laid-off workers receive medical coverage. "I'm having a hard time sleeping because I'm worried about how I'm going to pay for my daughter's and my medical," said Manibog, with tears in her eyes.
An era ends, but the impact of sugar workers remain
Sugar plantations once stretched the length of the island chain—from Kekaha to Kau. Hundreds of thousands of workers and even family were brought to Hawaii from as far away as the Azores and Puerto Rico and China, Korea, Japan and the Philippines to work the fields. Plantation communities were the foundation of Hawaii's multi-ethic culture and values.
In 1946, 30,000 sugar workers plus their families went on strike to begin a long battle for a better life. Their struggle—along with their fellow workers in other industries in the ILWU—reshaped Hawaii, building power for workers and their families and achieving a large measure of economic, social and political justice.
The era in which ILWU sugar workers shaped the history of Hawaii has passed, but the impact of sugar, its workers, and the workers' union remains. "The workers should take pride in the fact that they did everything they could to keep HC&S going, and that they were able to rally their community in support of Hawaii's last sugar plantation," said ILWU Secretary-Treasurer Guy Fujimura.
"I see them as heroes of the ILWU." Charles Andrion summed up his feelings on the bittersweet ending of HC&S. "It feels like my grandparents put the first cane stalk into the ground and I will be taking the last cane stalk out of the ground," he said. "But we'll find a way to move forward."
ILWU Canada leadership course trains new leaders
The ILWU Canada Leadership Course held on February 14-19 at Harrison Hot Springs in British Columbia, was a tremendous success. Our class was bursting at the seams with 26 participants who attended from ILWU Canada Locals 502, 505, 508, 514, 517, Grain Workers Union Local 333 and the Retail Wholesale Union of British Columbia.
Participants were taught skills that included: working together as a team, public speaking, how to run a meeting, political action, how to challenge bullying and harassment, arbitrations, ethics and the function of a union.
Joining our local participants were special guest speakers that included: ILWU International President Bob McEllrath, International Secretary Treasurer Willie Adams, ILWU Canada President Emeritus Tom Dufresne, and Jim Sinclair, our past President of the British Columbia Federation of Labour.
I was personally happy to see three members from Grain Workers Union Local 333, a new local to ILWU Canada, being welcomed by everyone in a great showing of solidarity.
The expressions of solidarity that took place during the meetings and throughout the entire Leadership Course by the Brothers and Sisters made me proud to be a part of this great union.
Given the number and size of our last two training conferences,
ILWU Canada will consider holding two of these events in 2017, in order to accommodate the education needs of our members. Giving these Brothers and Sisters the skills they need to stand up and help lead our great union will ensure that our future will be a positive one.
In Solidarity,
Steve Nasby
2nd Vice President, ILWU Canada
ILWU endorses Senator Bernie Sanders for President
SAN FRANCISCO, CA – The ILWU's International Executive Board voted today to endorse U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders for President.
"Bernie Sanders is the best candidate for America's working families," said ILWU International President Robert McEllrath. "Bernie is best on the issues that matter most to American workers: better trade agreements, support for unions, fair wages, tuition for students and public colleges, Medicare for all, fighting a corrupt campaign finance system and confronting the power of Wall Street that's making life harder for most Americans."
Many longshore union members have expressed enthusiastic support for Sanders at the local level.
The ILWU represents approximately 50,000 women and men who work in California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska and Hawaii – in addition to ILWU Divisions representing workers in Canada and Panama.
Wobbles 2016-4
Compiled by x344543 - March 23, 2016
The following news items may be of interest to revolutionary industrial workers:
- Announcing the Anarcho-syndicalist Initiative - By Admin, Ideas and Action, March 12, 2016
- A Current Longshore Battle Shows that the NLRB Is Not a Friend of Organized Labor - By Joe Burns, In These Times, March 11, 2016
- Tens of thousands of people protested across France on Wednesday against President Francois Hollande's determination to achieve what his conservative predecessor didn't even dare to try _ tamper with the 35-hour workweek - By Samuel Petrequin, Associated Press, March 9, 2016
- SEIU-UHW's Dave Regan Takes His Ballot Initiative Bamboozle to Arizona - By admin, Stern Burger with Fries, March 8, 2016
- Judge Hands Victory to Hospital Association in Latest Legal Battle with SEIU-UHW's Dave Regan - By admin, Stern Burger with Fries, March 4, 2016
- Rolling Sickouts Expose Unsafe Detroit Schools - By Nina Chacker, Labor Notes, March 3, 2016
- Bus strike: Pay cash, get a free ride - By Tess Nichol, New Zealand Herald, March 2, 2016
- Nurses in several Chinese cities strike over low pay and benefits - By Staff, China Labor Bulletin, March 2, 2016
- Greek dock workers feel betrayed by Syriza's broken promises - By Will Horner, Red Pepper, March 2016
- Teachers Who Staged 'Sick-outs' Declare Victory Against Detroit Schools' Unelected Emergency Manager - By Mario Vasquez, In These Times, February 29, 2016
- What Life on Minimum Wage Actually Looks Like in 2016 - By Peter Van Buren, In These Times, February 28, 2016
- Graduate Workers at Mizzou Stage Work-In for Union Recognition - By Staff, Labor Left Reporter, February 26, 2016
- SEIU-UHW's Dave Regan Runs for Hills, Dropping Lawsuit against Hospital Association - By admin, Stern Burger with Fries, February 25, 2016
- The Battle Erupting In Alabama Over The Minimum Wage - By Bryce Covert, Think Progress, February 23, 2016
- Denied the Right to Unionize, Domestic Workers Find New Ways to Organize - By Layla Quran, Truthout, February 22, 2016
- Silicon Valley Firm Learns That Wage Theft Doesn't Count as "Innovation" - By Brian Joseph, In These Times, February 23, 2016
- Toronto outside workers settle, inside workers work-to-rule for new contract - By Teuila Fuatai, Rabble.Ca, February 22, 2016
- Victoria Lomasko: Russian Truckers Prepare for Nationwide Strike - By Victoria Lomasko, The Russian Reader, February 16, 2016
- Frequency, Size of Labor Disputes Up In 2015 For First Time In Years - By Sam Knight, The District Sentinel, February 10, 2016


text:
Melatonin is a hormone that is produced exclusively at night in the dark and is an important output of the circadian rhythm, or the body's inherent 24-hour clock. Many biological processes are regulated by the circadian rhythm, including the sleep-wake cycle. Melatonin may play a role in regulating a range of other hormones that influence certain cancers, including breast and prostate cancers.
"Sleep loss and other factors can influence the amount of melatonin secretion or block it altogether, and health problems associated with low melatonin, disrupted sleep, and/or disruption of the circadian rhythm are broad, including a potential risk factor for cancer," said Sarah C. Markt, M.P.H., doctoral candidate in the Department of Epidemiology at Harvard School of Public Health in Boston. "We found that men who had higher levels of melatonin had a 75 percent reduced risk for developing advanced prostate cancer compared with men who had lower levels of melatonin.
"Our results require replication, but support the public health implication of the importance of maintaining a stable light-dark and sleep-wake cycle," added Markt. "Because melatonin levels are potentially modifiable, further studies of melatonin and prostate cancer risk and progression are warranted."
To investigate the association between urine levels of the main breakdown product of melatonin, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, and risk of prostate cancer, Markt and colleagues conducted a case-cohort study of 928 Icelandic men from the AGES-Reykjavik cohort between 2002 and 2009. They collected first morning void urine samples at recruitment, and asked the participants to answer a questionnaire about sleep patterns.
The researchers found that one in seven men reported problems falling asleep, one in five men reported problems staying asleep, and almost one in three reported taking sleeping medications.
The median value of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin in the study participants was 17.14 nanograms per milliliter of urine. Men who reported taking medications for sleep, problems falling asleep, and problems staying asleep had significantly lower 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels compared with men without sleep problems, according to Markt.
Of the study participants, 111 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer, including 24 with advanced disease. The researchers found that men whose 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels were higher than the median value had a 75 percent decreased risk for advanced prostate cancer. A 31 percent decreased risk for prostate cancer overall was observed as well, but this finding was not statistically significant.
"Further prospective studies to investigate the interplay between sleep duration, sleep disturbance, and melatonin levels on risk for prostate cancer are needed," said Markt.
To interview Sarah C. Markt, contact Todd Datz at firstname.lastname@example.com or 617-432-8413. For other inquiries, contact Jeremy Moore at firstname.lastname@example.com or 215-446-7109.
This study was funded by the Harvard Catalyst. Markt has declared no conflicts of interest.
Follow the AACR-Prostate Cancer Foundation Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research on Twitter: #Prostate14
About the American Association for Cancer Research
Founded in 1907, the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) is the world's oldest and largest professional organization dedicated to advancing cancer research and its mission to prevent and cure cancer. AACR membership includes more than 34,000 laboratory, translational, and clinical researchers; population scientists; other health care professionals; and cancer advocates residing in more than 90 countries. The AACR marshals the full spectrum of expertise of the cancer community to accelerate progress in the prevention, biology, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer by annually convening more than 20 conferences and educational workshops, the largest of which is the AACR Annual Meeting with more than 18,000 attendees. In addition, the AACR publishes eight peer-reviewed scientific journals and a magazine for cancer survivors, patients, and their caregivers. The AACR funds meritorious research directly as well as in cooperation with numerous cancer organizations. As the scientific partner of Stand Up To Cancer, the AACR provides expert peer review, grants administration, and scientific oversight of team science and individual grants in cancer research that have the potential for near-term patient benefit. The AACR actively communicates with legislators and policymakers about the value of cancer research and related biomedical science in saving lives from cancer. For more information about the AACR, visit http://www.AACR.org. Follow the AACR on Twitter: @AACR. Follow the AACR on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/aacr.org.
Abstract: 270322_1
Title: Urinary melatonin levels, sleep disruption and risk of prostate cancer
Presenter: Sarah C. Markt, M.P.H.
Authors: Sarah C. Markt1, Lara G. Sigurdardóttir2, Jennifer R. Rider1, Sebastien Haneuse1, Katja Fall3, Eva S. Schernhammer4, Erin E. Flynn-Evans5, Julie L. Batista1, Lenore Launer6, Tamara Harris6, Thor Aspelund7, Meir J. Stampfer4, Vilmundur Gudnason7, Charles A. Czeisler5, Steven W. Lockley5, Unnur A. Valdimarsdóttir2, Lorelei A. Mucci1. 1Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 2University of Iceland, Reykajvik, Iceland, 3Örebro University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden, 4Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA, 5Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 6National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, 7Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland. Introduction: The pineal hormone melatonin is a key output of the circadian rhythm and has anti-carcinogenic properties in experimental models. No study has investigated the prospective association between melatonin levels and prostate cancer risk.
Methods: We conducted a case-cohort study of 928 Icelandic men nested within the AGES-Reykjavik cohort. 6-sulfatoxymelatonin concentrations were measured on first morning void urine samples collected pre-diagnostically at the baseline visit in 2002-2006. Baseline questionnaire data included information on sleep patterns and covariates. Ascertainment of prostate cancer diagnoses and mortality among men was obtained by linking the cohort to the nationwide Icelandic Cancer Registry and the Causes of Death Registry through 2009. We used weighted Cox proportional hazards models to assess the association between first morning void 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and prostate cancer risk, adjusting for potential confounders.
Results: A total of 111 men were diagnosed with incident prostate cancer, including 24 with advanced disease. Men who reported sleep problems at baseline had lower 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels compared to those who reported no sleep problems. Men with 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels higher than the median had a borderline statistically significant decreased risk of prostate cancer overall (HR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.44-1.08). Moreover, men with higher 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels had a 75% significantly reduced risk of advanced disease compared to men with lower levels (HR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.08-0.80).
Conclusion: Higher urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels were associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer, particularly advanced disease. These data provide support for the influence of the circadian rhythm in prostate carcinogenesis.
Jeremy Moore | EurekAlert!
Further information:
Further reports about: > 6-sulfatoxymelatonin > AACR > Cancer > Gates Foundation > Icelandic volcanoes > Universität Harvard > biological process > cancer research > cancer risk > cohort study > health problem > health services > melatonin level > prostate > prostate cancer > sleep problems > sleep-wake cycle > urine samples
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
SmartScore 99
SmartScore 99
SmartScore 86
SmartScore 92
Here's the question you clicked on:
. The empire of the Mexica had its origins in c. AD 1325, when Mexicans settled near Lake Texcoco and a. mined for gold. b. sacrificed humans to the war god Huitzilopochtli. c. worked as mercenaries for other tribes. d. domesticated horses.
Is there any buildings you were told to watch that you could link because everything i've read in the past 20 mins doesn't tell me anything regarding what they did when settling at Texcoco
LOL. Buildings... videos* is what I meant
hmm i guess i can just guess.. wont hurt its only 1/50 questions on a review
@Veritas do you maybe know this 1.. about mexica again Where was the empire of the Mexica located? a. Southern Texas b. Peru c. Guatemala d. Central Mexico im not very famililar with mexican :/
Mexica, me neither, I'm only learning about it in the past 30 mins but apparently the Mexica were just another term for the Aztecs.
that 1 fact kinda does help a lot....
Yeah, also, D. for the second question
yep central mexico just googled the map XD
Yeah I just searched "Aztec empire" and found a small map of it haha.


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New Women's Chiffon Tops. They're just so chiffon-y.
An old pair of Dior sunglasses sitting on my lap as I sat in the car waiting for dad…
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Since 1979, NYCMER has provided a forum for museum education professionals to address issues of museum and educational interest, exchange and disseminate relevant information, and to explore and implement cooperative programming opportunities through roundtable discussions, workshops, and an annual conference.
NYC Museum Educators @NYCMER
RT @KeonnaHendrick: Looking forward my @NYCMER workshop on cultural bias & museum Ed tomorrow at 11am at @Morganlibrary1 I'll demo MCRP-ref… 5/1/16 7:57 pm
RT @MorrisJumel: @NYCMER we're bringing the whole MJM staff - professional development for all! #MuseumPeopleRock #artseducation #NYCMER2016 4/29/16 1:11 pm


text:
Oct 26, 2012
New template, new tension?Back
Africa|Business|Design|Environment|PROJECT|rail|Rolling Stock|rolling-stock|Technology|Africa|Equipment|Maintenance|Blade Nzimande|South Africa
South African Communist Party secretary-general Blade Nzimande has again criticised the way BEE is being pursued, saying there is a risk of creating a class of 'compradors', or black capitalists who owned shares in companies they could not run and who supported the maintenance of 'semicolonial' economic structures.
It will be interesting to see, therefore, whether the empowerment model being pursued by the State-owned Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (Prasa), which is at the beginning stages of a multibillion-rand fleet procurement process, has the potential to offer a new template.
On the face of it, the process looks strange, even disingenuous. That is because the broad-based black economic-empowerment (BBBEE) request for proposals has been separated out from the tender for the design, manufacture and maintenance of new commuter trains for delivery from 2015.
In other words, the empowerment process is being conducted in parallel to the main equipment tender, for which seven companies and consortia submitted bids by the September 30 deadline.
That means that the winning rolling-stock supplier would hold 70% of the project delivery company, with the BBBEE equity participants holding the 30% balance.
The proponents say the separation of the two elements is informed by a desire to ensure a genuinely broad-based empowerment structure that is decoupled from the technology offering. Under the scheme, Prasa would insist that 10% of the 30%, or 33% of what is available for empowerment equity, is held by an employee trust, to benefit staff below the senior management level. The balance would be divided between black businesses active in the rail industry (10%), passive black investors (7%) and an educational trust (3%).
Critics of the separation argue that it will lead to a "forced marriage" between the winning rolling-stock supplier and the winning BBBEE bidder. They add that the arrangement could well lead to a partnership that is even more short-term in nature than early-generation BEE deals, which saw partners flip their shares at the earliest opportunity.
The proponents, however, assert that there are sufficient legal and contractual instruments available to ensure that the preferred technology supplier and the preferred equity partner forge a workable, long-term partnership around the project, which could ultimately involve an investment of R123-billion and the purchase of 7 200 passenger coaches by 2035.
They also argue that the 65% localisation stipulation will provide considerable scope for black businesses keen to participate as suppliers to the Prasa fleet renewal programme. In other words, black business is being told to not simply aim to become passive holders of shares in a project company, but rather to invest in real businesses that are able to supply into what is poised to be a multidecade project.
The jury will no doubt be out on whether this new approach will result in broad-based participation and industrialisation, or whether it will create untenable tensions between international suppliers and the domestic partners that had no part in selecting.
Edited by: Terence Creamer
Creamer Media Editor
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text:
West Hall High News
West Hall High School News Submitted by Alumni
West Hall High School News From Around The Web
Hunter Atkinson: "Biggest sleeper in the country"February 5, 2014 by Dawg Sports
Dawg SportsHunter Atkinson, a 6'6, 250+ pound TE out of West Hall High School near Oakwood, Ga got a last second offer from Mark Richt and his staff, and jumped all over it. The big man was previously committed to Cincinnatti and Tommy Tuberville (which if you ...
Autocorrect Fail In Text Message Puts Georgia Schools On LockdownMarch 1, 2012 by Huffington Post
Huffington Post"The school system always relies on law enforcement for school safety and anytime they request a lockdown we go with that request," Gordon Higgins, Hall County Schools spokesman told the Times. "We always take every precaution concerning a potential ...News headlines by Google News
We have listed the latest news headlines that include West Hall High . This site has been created to offer a place for WHHS alumni to reconnect and share memories.
In addition to these news headlines, you may also want to join the West Hall High alumni directory and check out the yearbook listings.


text:
Rice vs TCU (4/15/2012)
4/15/2012 at Fort Worth, Texas (Bayard H. Friedman Tennis Center)
|Singles competition
|1. #46 Natalie Beazant (RICE) def. #72 Stefanie Tan (TCU) 6-3, 6-2
|2. Dominique Harmath (RICE) def. Olivia Smith (TCU) 6-4, 6-3
|3. Simona Parajova (TCU) def. Katie Gater (RICE) 6-3, 6-4
|4. Ana Guzman (RICE) def. Federica Denti (TCU) 3-6, 7-5, 1-0 (10-7)
|5. Millie Nichols (TCU) def. Kimberly Anicete (RICE) 6-4, 6-0
|6. Gaby Mastromarino (TCU) def. Leah Fried (RICE) 6-0, 6-2
|Doubles competition
|1. #72 Millie Nichols/Olivia Smith (TCU) def. #46 Natalie Beazant/Dominique Harmath (RICE) 8-4
|2. Federica Denti/Kelsey Sundaram (TCU) def. Katie Gater/Ana Guzman (RICE) 8-7 (7-5)
|3. Gaby Mastromarino/Simona Parajova (TCU) def. Kimberly Anicete/Leah Fried (RICE) 8-5
|Match Notes
|Rice 14-7; National ranking #36
|TCU 16-5; National ranking #38
|Order of finish: Doubles (3,1,2); Singles (6,1,2,5,3,4)
Generated on 4/15/2012
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Fremont, CAUSA
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St. Francis Prayer Mobius Poesy Bangle
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Mar 17, 1959
|Filing date
|Jul 2, 1954
|Priority date
|Jul 2, 1954
|Publication number
|Olson Herbert O
|Original Assignee
|Olson Herbert O
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (16), Referenced by (19), Classifications (12)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
TRACTOR SEAT 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 2. 1954 INVENTOR.
W /0%M//7/ZD m 36 E5 fig efli a 045870 H. o. OLSON TRACTOR SEAT March 17, 1959 Filed July 2. 1954 3 Sheets- Sheet 2 United States Patent 2,877,825 TRACTOR SEAT Herbert 0. Olson, Rockford, 111. Application July 2, 1954, Serial No. 441,029
8 Claims. (Cl. 155-50) This invention is concerned generally with vehicles such as tractors which heretofore have been noteworthy for their rough riding qualities, and is concerned more particularly with an improved seat for eliminating such rough riding qualities insofar as the driver is concerned.
In automotive vehicles such as automobiles and light trucks there is a. large sprung weight, comprising the chassis and body, plus the driver and any passengers, in comparison to the unsprung weight comprising only the wheels and associated parts. Thus, the wheels of such an automotive vehicle generally follow the contours of a supporting surface with no great ditliculty, while the mass or inertia of the relatively great sprung weight contains the parts comprising the sprung weight in relatively uniform motion free from bumps and jolts. In many farm vehicles such as tractors, and also in the case of some heavy highway tractors, the situation is largely reversed. The sprung weight is made up almost solely of the seat itself and the operator. There is insufiicient mass of the sprung weight to tend to maintain the sprung weight in a constant position, and a bumpy ride results.
Efforts have been made heretofore to provide a tractor seat or the like having improved riding qualities. Such prior seats often have been mounted at the end of a lever arm, and the seat has tilted upon moving up and down, thus requiring the operator alternately to lean forward and back to remain in an upright position. This is extremely tiring for the operator. In addition, prior seats for tractors and the like have utilized relatively simple spring suspensions which have returned the operator to a normal or quiescent position at a rapid and generally accelerating rate, thus tending to catapult the operator out of the seat. Shock absorbers of hydraulic or other types have been utilized to overcome this catapulting tendency and also to overcome the tendency of a sprung seat to oscillate in simple harmonic motion. Unfortunately, shock absorbers wear out and the catapulting and oscillation return. Shock absorbers do not suddenly wear out, but rather wear out gradually. As a result, the trend toward oscillation and catapulting is insidious, and the operator may be severely tired by the tractor or other vehicle, or may'actually be injured thereby, before he realizes the shock absorber needs replacement.
It is an object of this invention to provide a seat for a tractor or the like which at all times remains at a sub stantially constant predetermined angle relative to the axis of the tractor or other vehicle.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a tractor seat which does not rely upon a shock absorber and hence has an extended operating life of substantially constant characteristics.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide a seat for a tractor or the like wherein the seat is supported by a spring and lever arrangement such that the vertical component of motion of the seat as it is restored to rest position is slowed down, whereby to avoid catapulting action.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide a seat for tractors and the like wherein the seat is supported by a spring and toggle lever system such that the vertical component of motion of the seat follows a path determined by the toggle lever part of the lever system, thereby continuously opposing the tendency of gravitational forcee to develop free vibration of the mass comprising the seat and the operator.
A corollary object of this invention is to provide a seat for tractors and the like wherein the seat is supported by a system of levers and springs such that all vertical components of motion of the seat and the operator fall entirely in the category of phenomena known as forced vibration, thereby obviating automatically the need for additional devices such as shock absorbers to accomplish this much desired characteristic of vibration wavetrain damping or prevention.
It is a further object of this invention, as a practical corollary of the foregoing, to provide a seat for tractors or the like, wherein the seat is supported by a system of springs and levers so arranged and constrained as to prevent over the entire vertical range of motion components the undesirable characteristics of free vibration of the seat and the operator, smoothly and comfortably and without the sudden snubbing effect of auxiliary devices such as shock absorbers.
A further object of this invention is to provide a seat for tractors and the like supported by a plurality of springs having different natural frequencies, whereby each spring damps every other spring to avoid oscillation of the tractor seat.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide a tractor seat or the like having a pair of springs one of which controls the characteristic of the seat motion while the other supports the weight of the operator.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide a tractor seat or the like which is readily adjustable for the weight of an individual operator and which also is readily adjustable to control the ride in accordance with the type of terrain being traversed.
Still another object of this invention is to provide a tractor seat or the like having a pair of restoring springs wherein the restoring capacity of one of the springs is substantially constant in order to control the riding qualities, and the restoring force of the other spring varies in accordance with the movement of the seat from rest position for controlling and providing proper sup port for the Weight of the operator.
Other and further objects and advantages of the pres ent invention will be apparent from the following description when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein: i
Fig. 1 is a side view of a tractor mounting my improved seat;
Fig. 2 is an enlarged rear view of the tractor seat and mounting means therefor;
Figs. 3-5 are somewhat diagrammatic views showing the tractor seat in various positions of operation;
Fig. 6 is a side view of the tractor seat mounting mechanism forming the subject matter of this invention;
Fig. 7 is a top view thereof partially in section; and
Figs. 8 and 9 are graphical representations of certain forces involved.
Referring now to the drawings in greaterparticularity, and first to Fig. 1, there will be seen a vehicle of the type characterized in the past by roughriding qualities includes the usual components such as front and rear wheels 14 and 16 respectively, a motor casing 18, a steering wheel 20, and a tool box 22. The tractor 12 further is provided with a seat structure 24 forming the subject matter of this invention and including a seat 26 of any suitable or known construction, and supporting and regulating structure. 28 therefor.
The supporting structure as best may be seen in Figs. 2, 6 and 7, includes a base plate 30 mounted on top of the tool box 22 by means such as bolts 32 extending through the plate and threaded into the tool box, or into nuts on the opposite or inside of the tool box. The plate 30 as best may be seen in Fig. 2 comprises a raised central channel-like portion 34 with edge flanges 36 displaced therefrom, the flanges 36 contacting the tool box 22 and being secured thereto by the bolts 32.
A channel-shaped bracket 38 is secured to the top of the central portion 34 of the mounting plate by any suitable means such as welding, and includes a web 40 fitting flat against the central plate portion 34, and a pair of flanges 42 upstanding therefrom. The channel-shaped bracket 38 preferably is provided with a plurality of gussets 44 for bracing the flanges onto the web.
A pair of generally triangularly shaped links 46 is pivotally mounted at 48 at the upper forward corners of the flanges 42. Suitable anti-friction bearing material 50 is placed between the flanges 42 and the links 46, and similar anti-friction bearing material is interposed between the pin 48 and the bosses 52 on the links, and also extending into the links to journal the links on the justed position. The front end of the bar 88 is directed diagonally upwardly as indicated at 94, and a vertical bar 96 is welded thereto. An upper bar 98 having an oifset 100 therein has its front end welded to the top end of the vertical bar 96. A rear vertical bar 102 is welded to the rear end of the upper bar 98 and also to the bar 88. The rear vertical bar 102 either is provided with a slot, or comprises a pair of spaced apart strips to provide clearance for a member hereinafter to be discussed.
The upper front corner of the bracket 82 is provided with a transverse pin 104, and springs 106 are stretched between the ends of this pin and the L-shaped slots 58 in the triangular links 46. An adjustment bolt 108 is threaded through thedepending lower end 110 of the front vertical bar 96 and bears against the front end of the plate 30 for moving the bracket 82 forwardlyor rearwardly to adjust the tension on the springs 106. A jam nut 112 is provided on the bolt 108 for tightening against the depending bar portion 110 to lock the bolt 108 in adjusted position.
A bell crank 114 is pivotally mounted on the pin 48 on which the links 46 are mounted, suitable spacer sleeves pin 48 with a minimum of friction. A boss 54 is welded to or otherwise secured to the outer surface of one of the flanges 42 and a cross pin 56 extends through this boss and the end of the pin 48 to lock the pin 48 against rotation. The triangularly shaped links 46 are provided at their forward upper corners with L-shaped notches 58 for receiving biasing springs as will be brought out hereinafter. The upper rear corners of the links 46 are pivotally connected at 60 to the downwardly directed flanges 62 of an. inverted channel-shaped bracket 64 carrying the seat 26, suitable fastening elements 66 being affixed to the seat 26 and passing through the web 68 of the bracket 64.
A pair of links 70 is pivoted at the upper rear corners of the flanges 42 of the bracket 38 at 72, and this pair 116 being provided to centralize the bell crank. The upper arm 118 of the bell crank is provided with a cross pin 120 for holding the ends of a pair of rearwardly extending springs 122. The lower, forwardly extending arm 124 of the bell crank projects through a slot in the rear vertical bar 102, and the lower end of a screw threaded rod 126'bears against the top of the arm 124. The rod 126 is threaded through the'top bar 98 and a boss 128 thereon, and a knurled knob 130 is fixed to the upper end of the rod for threadedly adjusting the same to adjust the tension on the springs 122. c
A bracket 132 is secured at the rear end of the rearwardly extending web 40 of the bracket 38 by means such as bolts 134. This bracket includes a depending arm 136 having a curled over lower end as illustrated at 138.
A toggle 140 interconnects this curled over lower end and the pivot 74 of the rear links 70. The toggle includes an upper link 142 centralized on the pivot pin 74 by means of spacer sleeve 143. A pair of lower links 144 is pivotally connected to the upper link by means of a pin 146 and a cotter pin 149. The lower links may have their lower ends offset to provide suflicient space to receive the curled over lower end 138 ofv the bracket 132 between them, and a pin 148 passed through these links of links is pivotally connected to the lower rear corners of the flanges 62 of the seat bracket as at 74. These links 70 may be offset as indicated at 76 in Fig. 2 to provide suitable clearance for the flanges 42 of brackets 38. The links preferably are journaled on pins or bolts and the curled over lower end 138 pivotally supports the links at this position.
Tabs 150 are received on the opposite ends of the toggle pin 146, and the aforementioned springs 122 are connected to these tabs, thus holding the toggle against 72. The links 70 are journaled on a cross pin 74 carried by the seat bracket 64 and are spaced from the flanges 62 of the seat bracket 64 by means of anti-friction means 80.
The spacing between the pivot points 48 and 72 and e supporting bracket 38. Since this latter web is parallel to the top of the tool box 22, and the tool box will be understood as being level when the tractor is level, the seat 26 readily will be seen to be level at all times regardless of its vertical position.
An adjustment bracket 82 is mounted at the front of the plate 30 by means of twopairs of spaced apart cars 84 upstanding from the central portion 34 of the plate 30, and by a stud 86 carried by the plate 30. The bracket 82 includes a generally flat bar 88 slidably mounted between the pairs of ears 84 and having a longitudinally elongated slot 90 receiving the stud 86. A nut 92 on. the stud holds the bar 88 down, and also helpsfrietionally to lock the bar in longitudinally ada stop 152 vin the position shown in Fig. 6. The stop comprises a substantially L-shaped bracket 154 mounted on top of the web 40 between the springs 122, and a suitable resilient pad 156 of rubber or the like engageablc by the lower links 144 of the toggle. The toggle is held short of a dead center position .by the stop so that any weight placed on the seat 24 acts against the springs 122 and 106 to try to break the toggle.
The quiescent or rest position of the seat and supporting structure are shown in full lines in the drawings. The
lowermost position is shown in Fig. 6 in dashed lines,
and various positions from rest to fully depressed are shown in Figs. 35 in a somewhat schematic manner. I have made mathematical calculations of the spring forces and weights involved for eight different positions of the seat and supporting structure. The results of such calculations are reproduced in tabular form below, Table I representing the rear spring and linkage and Table II representing the forward spring and linkage, and also the combined capacity of the springs. For purposes of this table, the results of which are illustrated graphically in Figs. 8 and 9, the pair of rear springs is considered as a single spring, and the pair of front springs is considered as v a single spring. s
TABLE o. I p 7 Rear spring and linkage Wm-Wm Far-Fm Extension in inches and load Pounds Pounds TABLE N0. II
Front spring Fri-Fr: War-Wm Combined Extension in Capacity inches and load Pounds Pounds Pounds It will be apparent that the construction of the tractor seat supporting structure is such that either of the pair of springs 106 or 122 could hold the seat in its raised or rest position. For best results the weight should be equally supported by the springs with the seat in rest position, and this assumption has been made for the calculations. It is assumed that the average weight-of an operator would be 185 lbs., thus being applied approximately 92 lbs., to the front springs and 92 lbs. to the rear springs with the seat in rest position. The dimensions of the supporting structure are such that each of the rear springs will elongate 3.75 inches from rest position of the seat to fully lowered position of the seat, and the equivalent elongation of the front springs will be 1.868 inches. The effective lever arm on which the rear springs act in rest position varies from 3.5 inches at rest position to 1.406 inches at fully lowered position. The-drivers weight acting on the rear spring through the toggle 140 acts through a lever arm varying from .875 inch at rest position to 3.50 inches in fully lowered position. Similarly, the, force of the front springs acts through an effective lever arm varying from 2.5 inches in rest position to 1.781 inches in fully lowered position. The operators weight acting on the front spring through the link 46 acts through an effective lever arm varying from 4.06
6 inches at rest-position to 4.875 inches in fully lowered position. Y
In order to calibrate the spring force necessary to hold the seat in rest position with an operator weighing 185 lbs., the moments of force acting on the lower or rear links 144 in opposite directions are equated, the force due to the operators weight being set at 92 lbs. This result is shown at the top of the first column near vthe upper left portion of Table No. I, and it will be seen that the spring must exert a force of 23 lbs. Assuming that with the seat in fully lowered position 7.5 lbs. of restoring force in a vertical direction are to be delivered by the rear springs 122, a similar equationis solved to determine the necessary spring force at position 8, the fully lowered position. The spring force here will be seen at the bottom of the first column to be 249 lbs. The difference in spring force will be seen to be 226 lbs., and it heretofore has been noted that the spring stretches 3.75 inches in moving from a position with the seat fully raised to a position with the seat fully lowered. Thus, the spring will be seen to have a spring force of approximately 60 lbs. per inch of stretch. Utilizing two springs as is done in the illustrative example, each spring must deliver 30 lbs. per inch of stretch. In order to deliver the 23 lbs. of force at the seat raised position, the spring will have to he installed with an initial stretch of .384 inch as is indicated in the upper right portion of Table No. I.
The spring force for the rear springs 122 in eight different positions of stretch ranging from a rest position of the seat to fully lowered position are listed in the left hand column of Table No. I. The calculation for the intermediate positions is made by means of the spring force of 60 lbs. per inch of stretch, and the number of inches of stretch involved in moving to each of the positions. The right hand column shows the inches of stretch equated with the spring force.
The vertical lifting force is of importance with regard to returning the seat to its rest position following lowering under an impact load such as encountered when the tractor is raised by hitting a 'bump to force the seat up against the operator. The restoring force is equal to the effective weight forcing the seat down, and calculations of such weight are made in the second column (exclusive of the columns bearing the position identifying numerals) of Table No. I. The same equation is utilized for ascertaining this weight force, and this weight force is indicated at W -W It will be seen with reference to Table No. I, that the weight restoring force increases from the initial '92 lbs. to a maximum of somewhat over 163 lbs., and then drops off again to lbs. This is due to the fact that the spring acts through a decreasinglever arm which decreases at a different rate from the rate of increase of spring force due to elongation of the spring.
The spring force just discussed is represented graphically at F in Fig. 8, and the weight force is illustrated in the same graph by the curve W The tapering off of the weight force upon full depression of the seat prevents the operator from being started back upwardly relative to the tractor at too rapid a rate following movement of the seat to its lowest position. The greatest restoring force is at an intermediate position, and the upward restoring force at rest position is just equal to that nece's sary to retain the operator in his properly seated position. Furthermore, the upward movement is determined in large measure by the lower links 144 of the toggle and the pivot'146 at the upper end of the lower toggle links is approaching a tangent to a horizontal when the rest position is reached. Thus, the seat is moving upwards rather slowly, and there is no tendency to catapult the operator from the seat.
The spring forces for the front springs are calculated in the same manner, except for the differences in dimensions, and these values are shown in the left column of Table No. II. The right hand column again equates the spring stretch in inches with the spring force in lbs.
.The restoring or upward weightforces for the various positions again are calculated and listed in the second column. It will be seen that this weight force remains substantially constant due to the relative decrease in length of lever arm and increase in spring force. Table No. II also lists thetotal combined restoring or weight force in the second column from the right. The total force of the front springs must be such as to obtain a spring force of approximately 67 lbs. per inch of stretch. The results of Table No. II are illustrated graphically in Fig. 9. The restoring spring force F will be seen to increase on a curve somewhat similar to that of the rear springs. However, the restoring weight force W will be seen to be substantially constant, with the result that the total weight restoring force is represented as a curve similar to that of the restoring weight force of the rear springs, but displaced upwardly therefrom.
f Inasmuch as the rear springsproduce the only substantial variation in weight restoring force, it will be appreciated that the ride can be varied to provide more or less restoring force by varying the tension of the rear springs 122. This readily is done by rotating the knurled knob 130 to move the bell crank 114 in one direction or the, other, and such adjustment normally would be made in accordance with the terrain being traversed. The weight restoring force due to the front springs always remains equal to approximately half the weight of the operator, and there is no need of changing the tension on the front springs unless the operator is changed. Adjustment of the tension on the front springs by means of the bolt 108 readily can be made to adjust the tractor seat to the weight of any given operator.
There are advantages to the use of the front springs and rear springs in addition to those heretofore enumerated. It has been noted that the rear springs will have a spring rate of approximately 60 lbs. per inch, while the front springs will have a spring rate of approximately 67 lbs. per inch. From this it is obvious that the front springs and the rear springs will have different natural periods of vibration; accordingly, each pair of springs tends to damp vibrations of the other pair of springs, and the seat cannot start oscillating, and cannot move toorapidly in any direction. Thus, a shock absorber is not necessary. However, it is contemplated that under some conditions the shock absorber might be used. Furthermore, if the front springs should break, the tension on the rear springs could be increased to continue the tractor in operation until replacement springs could be obtained. The converse is true regarding the possibility of breakage of the rear springs. Furthermore, this safety feature is augmented by the use of pairs of springs instead of single springs.
From the foregoing it will be seen that my tractor seat at all times remains horizontal relative to the tractor.
The vertical movement of the seat slows down as it approaches the rest or fully restored position, and there consequently is no tendency to catapult the operator from the seat. The use of two springs (or sets of springs) causes each spring to damp the other, whereby to avoid the necessity of providing a shock absorber. It will be readily recognized that the spring forces remain substantially constant with age, as opposed to the gradual loss of efficiency of a shock absorber. Furthermore, the two springs give rise to individual adjustments, the rear spring controlling the characteristics of the seat motion, and the other spring being comparatively a constant acting spring supporting the weight, and readily adjustable in changing from one operator or driver to another.
The particular embodiment of my invention herein shown and described is to be understood as being for illustrative purposes only. Various changes in structure will doubtless occur to those skilled in the art, and will be understood as forming a part of my invention insofar as they fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. I
Iclaim: Y i
1. Seat supporting structure for use with a tractor or the like comprising means adapted for attachment to the seat of a tractor or the like, means spaced below said seat attachment means and adapted for attachment to a tractor or the like, a plurality of horizontally spaced links pivotally connected to said seat attachment means and to said tractor attachment means for movably interconnecting said seat attachment means and said tractor attachment means, spring means urging said links in a predetermined direction of rotation resiliently to urge said attachment means away from one another, a toggle comprising a pair of links pivotally connected to one another and respectively pivotally attached to said seat attachment means and to said tractor attachment means, additional spring means having a fixed end mounting independent of said links and said seat attachment means and acting on said toggle links and urging said toggle toward a dead center position to maintain said attachment means in horizontally spaced relation, and means limiting movement of said attachment means away from one another with said toggle short of dead center position.
2. Seat supporting structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein the two spring means have difierent natural frequencies of vibration, whereby said spring means tend to damp one another.
3. Seat supporting structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein the attachment means have a limited position of minimum spacing as well as a limited position of maximum spacing, and wherein the spring force of the spring means acting on the toggle and the effective lever arm on which such spring force works are so correlated as to increase the upward restoring force as the attachment means move apart away from their limited position of minimum spacing, and to increase the upward restoring force as the attachment members approach their limited position of maximum spacing.
4. Seat supporting structure as set forth in claim 1 and further including separate and independent means for adjusting the spring force exerted by the two spring means.
5. Seat supporting structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein the spring means urging the first mentioned links in rotation exertsa spring force exerting a vertical component on the seat attachment means substantially equal to the weight of an operator.
6. Seat supporting structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein the spring means urging the links in rotation act directly on the links.
7. Seat supporting mechanism for use with a tractor or the like, and comprising a seat attachment structure, a tractor attachment structure spaced therebelow, a plurality of horizontally-spaced links pivotally connected to said attachment structures for interconnecting the same for relative movement, spring means having a normally fixed connection with said tractor attachment structure and connecting said links thereto for urging the said links in a direction of rotation tending to relatively resiliently separate said attachment structures, a toggle linkage comprising a pair of links having adjacent ends pivotally joined to one another and with the opposite end of one link pivotally connected to the seat attachment structure and with the opposite end of the other link pivotally connected to the tractor attachment structure, additional spring means having a normally fixed connection with the'tractor attachment structure and connecting the pivotal joint of said toggle links thereto for urging said toggle linkage toward a dead center position, and means limiting relative separating movement of said attachment structures with the toggle linkage short of its dead center position. 8. Seat supporting mechanism as claimed in claim 7, wherein the fixed connections between the spring means and the tractor attachment strucure are individually ad- 'justable to vary the effective force of said spring means.
. (References on followlng'mfl References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 10 McKinney et a1 Junev9, 1953 Harms Dec. 22, 1953 Johnson May 10, 1955 Omon et a1. July 30, 1957 FOREIGN PATENTS Great Britain of 1890 Great Britain May 10, 1917 France Apr. 6, 1926 Germany Dec. 15, 1952
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 19, 1904
|Ho model
|Feb 24, 1930
|Apr 24, 1934
|Symington T H & Son Inc
|Combined spring and absorption means
|Sep 26, 1938
|Jan 7, 1941
|Jones Adam W
|Chair mounting for airplanes
|Feb 21, 1938
|Jan 7, 1941
|American Forging & Socket Co
|Adjustable seat support
|Feb 4, 1941
|Nov 23, 1943
|Caterpillar Tractor Co
|Vehicle seat
|Feb 7, 1945
|May 24, 1949
|Monroe Auto Equipment Co
|Vehicle seat construction
|Nov 10, 1945
|Oct 18, 1949
|Max Holtzman Abraham
|Resilient unit for bedsprings, chairs, and the like
|Sep 28, 1946
|Oct 31, 1950
|American Seating Co
|Vertically adjustable link supported seat
|Mar 5, 1948
|Jun 9, 1953
|Farm Appliance Corp
|Seat support
|Sep 20, 1947
|Dec 22, 1953
|Harms Herman L
|Seat support
|Mar 19, 1953
|May 10, 1955
|Johnson Leslie W
|Resilient support for tractor seat
|Dec 30, 1953
|Jul 30, 1957
|Case Co J I
|Shock absorbing tractor seat
|Jun 30, 1951
|Dec 15, 1952
|Isringhausen G M B H Geb
|Sitzgestell fuer Fahrzeuge
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 16, 1959
|Dec 8, 1959
|Sedlock Carl P
|Transportation seat support
|Nov 3, 1958
|Jul 11, 1961
|Monroe Auto Equipment Co
|Suspended vehicle seat
|Nov 1, 1961
|Jun 23, 1964
|American Metal Prod
|Invalid chair
|Aug 20, 1964
|Aug 23, 1966
|Josef Eicher
|Seats for vehicles
|Mar 18, 1965
|Jan 24, 1967
|Massey Fcrguson Inc
|Multiple position seat for material handling equipment
|Apr 22, 1968
|Aug 26, 1969
|Allis Chalmers Mfg Co
|Swing-away seat
|Dec 8, 1977
|May 1, 1979
|Sedlock Carl P
|Spring controlled shock absorbing seat
|Nov 17, 1986
|Dec 22, 1987
|Deere & Company
|Seat suspension for an off-road vehicle
|Jul 18, 1989
|Jun 25, 1991
|Steelcase Inc.
|Controller for seating and the like
|Jul 25, 1989
|Aug 27, 1991
|Steelcase Inc.
|Controller for seating and the like
|Mar 6, 1991
|Nov 3, 1992
|Steelcase, Inc.
|Controller for seating and the like
|Feb 4, 1999
|Mar 13, 2001
|Freightliner Llc
|Seat suspension system controller
|Feb 4, 1999
|Jun 5, 2001
|Freightliner Llc
|Seat support
|Feb 4, 1999
|Sep 11, 2001
|Freightliner Corporation Llc
|Vibration damper with latch
|Feb 4, 1999
|Mar 12, 2002
|Freightliner Llc
|Seat suspension method
|Feb 4, 1999
|Apr 16, 2002
|Freightliner Llc
|Seat suspension system
|May 25, 2011
|Apr 28, 2015
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Head structure of robot, and driving method for the head
|May 25, 2011
|Mar 6, 2014
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Head structure of robot, and driving method for the head
|Sep 28, 2006
|Apr 4, 2007
|Himolla Polsterm�bel GmbH
|U.S. Classification
|248/595, 297/312, 297/313
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


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