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Play the 'Astronaut Girl' dress up game girls, help this brave girl dust off her special astronaut costumes, check out each of them and pick out your favorite to suit up this chic astronaut girl for her long journey around the Earth and back home! Have fun girls!
Switch the symbols around as you try to get 3 or more of the same next to each other.
A great stress reliever! Box against the computer or bring in a friend.
Do you have an eye for fashion? Then start working at SAMIRA'S SEW SHOP. Your duties include managing the daily business and selling some fine clothings. Once you started you need to purchase some shopliftings, hire your first seamstress and give her clear instructions, which clothings she has to sew for the shop of Samira to sale. Try to gain enough money every day to keep your job and use upgrades to make the sew shop bigger and bigger.
Royal boutique shop is a nice game where you have to serve your clients for the clothes and shoes that they want and also you can choose the hair style that you want for your customers. Have fun.
You are now a member of Hotgamesforgirls.com!You'll find more kinds of funny games here,enjoy yourself!


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Netflix Orders "Punisher" Spinoff Series Starring Jon Bernthal
Film, Comic Books
TV, Comic Books
Video Games, Film
The Mission
The Buy Pile
In Your Face Jam
Tilting at Windmills
Robot 6
Comics Should be Good
Robot 6
Comics Should be Good
Robot 6
Robot 6
Apr 29, 06:30am
Apr 29, 06:28am
Apr 29, 06:20am
Apr 29, 06:18am
Apr 29, 06:16am
Apr 29, 05:58am
Orange Park, FL
It's a week of Avatar sequel news. Yesterday, word began circulating that James Cameron tapped Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles creator Josh Friedman to write Avatar 2. Now, according to Deadline, Cameron and Fox are talking about not just one or two sequels, but three. That doesn't come as a huge surprise, considering the director has said he's mainly interested in creating mores stories in that world.
Cameron has also talked about shooting three sequels at the same time. This still seems to be the plan as Cameron has tapped a group of screenwriters to tackle the sequels. Deadline reiterates Friedman's involvement in one of the sequels, but also notes that Rise of the Planet of the Apes writers Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver will pen one script while Salinger director Shane Salerno is working on another. Cameron, who is overseeing the creative process and co-writing the features, noted the variety of tales that can be told in his universe.
"Building upon the world we created with Avatar has been a rare and incredibly rewarding experience," Cameron said. "In writing the new films, I've come to realize that Avatar's world, story and characters have become even richer than I anticipated, and it became apparent that two films would not be enough to capture everything I wanted to put on screen. And to help me continue to expand this universe, I'm pleased to bring aboard Amanda, Rick, Shane and Josh — all writers I've long admired – to join me in completing the films screenplays."
The films are tentatively schedule for release dates in December 2016, December 2017 and December 2018.
Brother, all the first film was is a reiteration of the story of Pocahontas with the latest CGI. The CGI was the star, that's all there was to that movie. Once people get used to that level of animation not so many will be enamored to continue to see the films, due to them being mesmerized by whatever the next shiny new technological thing will be on the market to get their undivided short attention spans related to new computer tech.
The Avatar film ten or twenty years down the road will be remembered by few in terms of it being a great film based on story and overall acting, and thus it will be remembered little at all in the longterm, IMO.
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Dec 29, 1964
|Filing date
|Nov 10, 1960
|Priority date
|Nov 10, 1960
|Publication number
|Frederic C Schaefer, Joseph J Pellon
|Original Assignee
|American Cyanamid Co
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (4), Classifications (14)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent This invention relates to novel chemical compounds and to a process for preparing the same.
More particularly, the present invention is concerned with substituted-s-triazines which may be represented by the structural formula:
ti E
R! in which R is a lower alkenyl radical and R is selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl radicals, lower alkyl radicals and halogen-substituted lower alkyl radicals. Moreover, the R substituent at the 4-position may be the same or different from the R radical found in the 6-position.
Still more particularly, the present invention relates to homopolymers of such substituted s-triazines as represented by the structural formula hereinabove and interpolymers of such substituted s triazines with other monomers or unsaturated polyesters having excellent heat-resistance and many other useful properties.
Even more particularly, the present invention relates to a method for preparing substituted s-triazines of the structural formula represented hereinabove by pyrolysis of the corresponding l-acetoxyalkyl s-triazines so as to yield the products of the present invention.
By lower alkenyl as is used herein is meant an unsaturated radical which may be considered to be derived from ethylene or isopropylene and, more specifically, an ethenyl or vinyl or an isopropenyl radical.
By lower alkyl as is employed herein is meant a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from one to four carbon atoms, e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl and sec-butyl.
Suitable halogen substituted lower alkyl radicals are trichloromethyl, tribromomethyl, trifiuoromethyl, pentachloroethyl, pentabromoethyl, pentafluoroethyl, heptachloropropyl, heptabromopropyl, heptafluoropropyl and the like.
Moreover, the R radical at the 4-position may be the same or different from the R radicd found in the 6- position.
A non limiting list of typical substituted s-triazines embraced by the structural formula hereinabove is: 2,4- dimethyl-6-vinyl-s-triazine, 2,4-diethyl-6-vinyl-s-triazine, 2,4-dipropyl-6-vinyl-s-triazine, 2,4 diisopropyl-6-vinyl-striazine, 2,4-dibutyl-6-vinyl-s-triazine, 2,4-diisobutyl-6- vinyl-s-triazine, 2,4-dirnethyl-6-isopropenyl-s-triazine, 2,4- diethyl-6-isopropenyl-s-triazine, 2,4-dipropyl-6-isopropenyl-s-triazine, 2,4-diisopropyl--isopropenyl-s-triazine, 2,4- dibutyl-6-isopropeny1-s-triazine, 2,4 diisobutyl-6-isopropenyl-s-triazine, 2,4-divinyl-6-methyl-s-triazine, 2,4-divinyl-6-ethyl-s-triazine, 2,4-divinyl-6-propyl-s-triazine, 2,4- divinyl-6-isopropyl-s-triazine, 2-butyl-4,6-divinyl-s-triazine, 2,4-divinyl-6-isobutyl-striazine, 2,4-diisopropenyl-6-methyl-s-triazine, 2,4-diisopropenyl-6-ethyl-s-triazine, 2,4-diisopropenyl-6-propy1-s-triazine, 2,4 diisopropenyl-6-isopropyl-s-triazine, 2-butyl-4,6-diisopropenyl-s-triazine, 2,4-diisopropenyl--isobutyl-s-triazine, etc., 2,4,6-trivinyl-s-triazine, 2,4,6-triisopropenyl-s-triazine, e-tc., 2,4-bis(triacetoxyisopropyl) -s-triazine.
chlorometnyl)-6-vinyl-s triazine, 2,4 bis(tribromomethyl)-6-vinyl-s-triazine, 2,4 bis(trifluoromethyl)-6-vinyl-striazine, 2,4-bis (pentachloroethyl) -vinyl-s-triazine, 2,4- bis(pentabromoethyl) 6-vinyl-s-triazine, 2,4 bis(pentafluoroethyl)-6-vinyl s triazine, 2,4-bis(heptachloropropyl) -6-vinyl-s-triazine, 2,4-bis (heptabromopropyl -6-vinyl-s-triazine, 2,4-bis(heptafluoropropyl)-6-vinyl-s-triazine, etc., 2,4-bis(trichloromethyl)-6-isopropenyl-sdriazine,, 2, 4-bis (tribromomethyl)-6-isopropenyl s triazine, 2,4-bis (trilluoromethyl)-6-isopropenyl-s-triazine, 2,4-bis(pentachloroethyl)-6-isopropenyl-s-triazine, 2,4-bis(pentabrornoethyl) -6-isopropenyl-s-tri-azine, 2,4-bis (pentafiuoroethyl -isopropenyl-s-tliazine, 2,4-bis(heptachloropropyl)-6-isopropenyl-s-triazine, 2,4-bis(heptabromopropyl)-6-isopropenyl-s-triazine, 2,4-bis(heptafiuoropropyl)-6-isopropeny1- s-triazine, etc.
Several s-triazines having an unsaturated radical as a substituent on the triazine nucleus, e.g., 2-vinyl-s-triazine, 2-allyl-s-triazine, and 2-isopropenyl-s-triazine, have been disclosed. in addition, acryloguana-mine and methacryloguanarnine are known. For example, alphabets.- unsaturated esters and unsaturated monocarboxylic acid halides have been reacted with biguanides toproduce alpha,beta-unsaturated guanamines. Also, cyanuric .halides have been condensed with salts of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids to yield acryloxytriazines. Such known 1 methods, however, are not adaptable for the preparation of substituted s-triazines of the structural. formula reps resented hereinabove in view of the diflicult'and timeconsuming preparative steps which are required. Recently, in US. Patent 2,845,422, isued to F. C. Schaefer and G. A. Peters, the conversion of Z-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine to 2-viny1-s-triazine by dehydration with acetic anhydride is reported, as is also the conversion of Z-(beta-acetoxyethyl)-s-triazine to 2-vinyl-s-triazine at room temperature. Because of the ease of hydrolysis of 2-vinyl-s-triazine, however, substantially little interest in this compound has developed. It has now been discovered that s-triazine compounds wherein the 4- and 6-positions of the s-triazine nucleus contain substituents as enumerated hereinabove for R renders the novel trisubstituted s-triazine compounds markedly more stable toward hydrolysis than 2-vinyl-s-triazine. Additionally, the novel homopolymers and novel interpolymers prepared therefrom display extremely useful properties.
It has now been discovered that substituted s-triazines of the formula as represented hereinabove may be readily prepared by pyrolysis of the respective (l-acetoxyalkyl)-s-triazine, i.e. (l-acetoxyethyD-s-triazine or (1- The acetates are easily obtained by acetylation of a suitable (l-haloethyl)-s-triaZine or (l-haloi'sopropyl)-s-triazine with an excess of an alkali metal acetate in dry acetic acid. The course of the reaction is believed to proceed substantially as depicted below wherein 2-(l-chloroethyl)-4,6-dimethyl-striazine and sodium acetate are utilized for illustrative purposes.
| CH3 CH Thus at elevated temperatures, usually within the temperature range of from about 400 to about 525 C. and,
Patented Dec. 29, 1964 preferably, at temperatures of 450 to 475 C., (l-acetoxyethyl) s-triazines and (l-acetoxyisopropyl)-s-triazines may be pyrolyzed to obtain good yields of products as represented by the structural formula hereinabove. The products thus obtained are easily and efficiently recovered by fractionation or other conventional method of separation. Advantageously, little, if any, formation of tars and undesirable side-reactions are evident by this vapor-phase method which aifords conversions of from about 50 to about 80% of the starting s-triazine.
The pyrolysis reaction may be carried out in any suitable pyrolytic chamber, furnace, tube or the like which will afford proper control of the temperature. The chamber or reaction column or tube may be made of any suitable material, as, for example, thermally resistant glass, quartz or other non-corrosive mate-rial. The starting material is introduced into the reaction chamber in the form of vapors which may then be carried through the heated zone by means of an inert, diluent gas, as, for example, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, steam or by means of a vacuum at the exit end of the reaction chamber, or by means of pressure at the entrance end of the chamber or by means of gravity flow.
The pyrolysis will proceed satisfactorily in an unpacked tube, but a packed tube containing glass Raschi-g rings, glass wool, glass chips, glass beads, porous plate and the like which have the effect of increasing heat transfer may also be employed. If desired, a conditioning furnace or chamber may be used as a preheater to vaporize the (1-acetoxyethyl)-s-triazine or (l-acetoxyisopropyl)-s-triazine in order to bring the vapors to within ap proximately 50-100 C. of the specified reaction tem peratures. Alternativel an acetic acid solution of the s-triazine may be fed to the pyrolytic reaction chamber.
The temperature of the pyrolysis chamber may vary from about 400 to about 525 C. In general, however, temperatures within the range of 450 to 475 C. are more desirable and are preferred. Contact times within these temperature ranges from about seconds to 30 seconds at one atmosphere in a void space of 50 cubic centimeters have been employed with good success. The pyrolysis chamber, furnace, tube or the like is usually heated by external means.
The pyrolytic reaction may be generally conducted at substantially atmospheric pressure within the reaction chamber. In some instances, however, the reaction may be conducted at a pressure substantially less, and in other instances at a pressure significantly greater than atmospheric pressure within the pyrolysis chamber without noticeably affecting the overall yield.
The alkenyl-s-triazine and acetic acid are readily separated from the unchanged acetate by distillation and the recovered acetate is recycled to the system so as to improve the yield of the resultant s-triazine. The work-up of the acetic acid-s-triazine mixture is readily accomplished by diluting the mixture with a suitable diluent such as methylene chloride or petroleum ether thus dissolving the alkenyl-s-triazine product and washing the a id out with a small volume of water to which a base such as sodium carbonate or the like has been added. Generally, separation by distillation is not completely satisfactory for the complete removal of acetic acid because of the tendency toward salt formation with the weakly basic alkenyl-s-triazine whereby volatility of acetic acid is reduced. During the distillation of the alkenyl-s-triazine it is frequently desirable to add to the distillation apparatus a suitable polymerization inhibitor or stabilizer ;uch as hydroquinone, phenyI-Z-naphthyl amine, and the .ike, in order to forestall spontaneous polymerization of he alkenyl-s-triazine compound.
The starting material which is subsequently acetylated with an alkali metal acetate, a (1-haloalkyl)-s-triazine, .uch as (l-haloethyl)-s-triazine and (l-haloisopropyl)-sriazine, is readily obtained by the methods disclosed and (3. claimed in copending application Serial No. 12,930, filed March 7, 1960, and in copending application Serial No. 68,369, filed concurrently herewith, now US. Patent No. 3,062,818.
The monomeric compounds obtained by this process polymerize readily in the presence of a small quantity of a catalyst to give homopolymers which possess properties which make them useful as components of films, fibers, and coatings and as dispersing agents. In a similar manner, these monomers can be admixed with other monomeric materials in the presence of catalyst and at elevated temperatures to give interpolymers which possess many useful properties, including heat-resistance.
Among the monomers which can be polymerized with the novel alkenyl-s-triazine compounds of this invention there may be mentioned the following: methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, styrene, vinyltoluene, acrylic acid, met acrylic acid, vinyl ethers, vinyl ketones, vinyl pyridines, acrylonitrile, vinylidene chloride, polymerizable unsaturated alkyd resins, e.g., ethylene glycol maleate, diethylene glycol maleate phtnalate and the like, and in general any monomeric compound capable of polymerization and containing a CH =C group.
Included among the catalysts which may be utilized to prepare either the homopolymers or interpolymers obtainable from the novel monomers of this invention are the following: benzoyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, acetyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, and ditcrtiary butyl peroxide. Similarly, azo compounds may be used as polymerization catalysts, as may actinic light. Radox catalyst systems as, for example, solutions of'sodium' bromate, sodium sulfite and the like can also be employed. The quantity of catalyst utilized can be varied considerably. However, in most instances, it is desirable to utilize from about 0.1 percent to about 2 percent based on total weight of the monomer or monomers.
The polymerization can be carried out in mass, that is, simply by heating the monomer or monomers in the presence of a catalyst, or if desired, the polymerization can be conducted in a solvent for the monomer or monomers, or in an aqueous emulsion. Chain-modifying agents or chain terminators, such as the mercaptans, and particularly dodecyl mercaptan, and other additives conventially utilized in polymerization reactions can be employed.
The following examples illustrate in detail the preparation of the novel s-triazines of the present invention from the corresponding l-acetoxyalkyl)-s-triazine and the homopolymers and interpolymers prepared by the polymerization of such monomers.
EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of 2,4-Dimethyl-6-Vinyl-s-Triazine (A) 2(] -acet0xyethyl) -4,6-dimethyls-triazine.2-(lchloroethyl)-4,6-dimethyl-s-triazine obtained by the reaction of 2-chloropropionamidine hydrochloride with ethyl acetimidate, B.P. 99l02 C. at 24 mm., is utilized in this example.
A mixture of 155 g. (0.90 mole) of 2-(1chloroethyl)- 4,6-dimethyl-s-triazine, 106 g. (1.3 moles) of anhydrous sodium acetate, and 155 cc. of glacial acetic acidis re fiuxed for 18 hours. After filtration, the product solution is distilled to separate the acetate from unconverted starting material. The product boils at C. at 29 mm., n 1.4696. Approximately 24 percent of the starting chloride is recovered and the yield of 2-(l-acetoxyethyl)- 4,6-dimethyl-s-triazine is 67 percent, based upon the converted starting material.
(B) 2,4-dimethyl-6-vinyl-s-triazine.-The pyrolysis of the 1-acetoxyethyl-4,6-dimethyl-s-triazine prepared in A above is carried out in a one-inch diameter Pyrex glass tube mounted vertically and packed to a depth of 16 inches with 6 mm. Pyrex glass beads. The tube is heated to 450460 C. over a length of 12 inches by an electric furnace. The liquid acetate is added dropwise at a flow rate of 0.6 per minute to the top of the column and the product is collected in a cold receiver at the bottom. A slow stream of nitrogen is passed through the apparatus continuously. Conversion of the starting ester is about 50 percent. The pyrolysis product mixture is then distilled through a simple still to separate acetic acid and 2,4-dimethyl-6-vinyl-s-triazine from unchanged 2 (l-acetoxyethyl)-4,6-dimethyl-s-triazine.
The acetic acid-2,4-dimethyl-6-vinyls-triazine mixture is neutralized With aqueous potassium carbonate in the presence of ether. Re-extracting the aqueous phase with ether, drying the ether solution With anhydrous potassium carbonate and rapid fractional distillation at low temperature afiords a good yield of 2,4-dimethyl-6-vinyl-s-triazine boiling at 73-5 C./19 mm., 11 1.5014. The prodnot which polymerizes spontaneously at room temperature is stabilized by the addition of hydroquinone and stored at loW temperature for subsequent polymerization.
EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of 2,4-Diethyl-5-Vinyl-s-Triazine (A) 2-(1-acet0xyethyl) 4,6-diethyl s triazz'ne.-One hundred and twenty-two grams (0.50 mole) of 2-(1-bromoethyl)-4,6-diethyl-s-triazine, obtained by the bromination of 2,4,6-triethyl-s-triazine, is refluxed with 125 cc. of glacial acetic acid, 10 cc. of acetic anhydride, and 61.5 g. (0.75 mole) of anhydrous sodium acetate for eighteen hours. The reaction mixture is then cooled and mixed with 0.10 mole of sodium iodide, and the mixture is heated for minutes at 90-100 C. to reduce unchanged starting bromide to triethyl-s-triazine. The reaction mixture is then cooled, diluted with water, treated with sodium sulfite to remove iodine and neutralized with sodium carbonate. The product is extracted with ether, dried with calcium chloride and distilled. The product acetate boils at 143 C. at 22 mm.; n 1.4667. The yield of essentially pure material is 75 g. or 67 percent.
(B) 2,4-diethyl-6-vinyl-s-triazine.2 (1-acetoxyethyl)- 4,6diethyl-s-triazine is pyrolyzed using the same apparatus and technique as described for the preparation of 2,4-dimethyl-6 vinyl-s-triazine. At 450-470 C. and a flow rate of 0.4 g. per minute, 187 g. of pyrolyzate was recovered from 191 g. of starting material. The acetic acid content of the pyrolyzate indicated 80 percent conversion and fractional distillation of the product after several extractions with sodium carbonate produced a material having the following physical properties: B.P. 101- 102 C. at 19 mm.; 11 1.4925; freezing point 12 C.
EXAMPLE 3 Preparation of 2,4-Bis( T rifluoromethyl )-6 Vinyl-s-Triazine' (A) Z-(I-acetoxyethyl)-4,6-bis(triflu0r0methyl)stria- Zine.-A mixture of 68.5 grams (0.24 mole) of 2-(1-chloroethyl)-4,6-bis(trifiuoromethyl)-s-triazine, obtained by the reaction of Z-chloropropionamidine hydrochloride-with trifluoroacetamidine, grams (0.48 mole) of anhydrous sodium acetate, 30 cc. of acetic acid and 3 cc. of acetic anhydride is refluxed with stirring for six hours. .After cooling, the reaction mixture is extracted with ether repeatedly. The ether extract is evaporated and the residue distilled. 2-(l-acetoxyethyl)-4,6 bis (trifiuoromethyD-s triazine is obtained as a fraction boiling at about 93 C. at 18 mm.
(B) 2,4-bz's(triflzzoromethyl)-6-vinyl s triazine.-The pyrolysis of the acetate was carried out in the manner described for the preparation of 2,4-dimcthyl-6-vinyl-striazine. The observed temperature was 420430 C. and the rate of flow was 0.4 g. per minute. The acetate is introduced to the head of the pyrolysis tube as a melt from a heated dropping funnel. The crude pyrolyzate is distilled rapidly to separate a mixture of vinyl compound and acetic acid from unconverted acetate. The
chloride and distilled, employing hydroquinone as an in-' hibitor. The yield is 24 grams or 58 percent. 'The product is characterized by a 13.1. 72 C. at 58 mm. and n 1.3920.
EXAMPLE 4 Preparation of 2-Methyl-4,6-Divinyl-s-Triazine (A) 2,4-bz's(1-acef0xyefhyl) 6 methyl-s-triazine. A mixture of 75 parts (0.30 mole) of 2,4-bis-(1-chloroethyl)-6-methyl-s-triazine, obtained as a by-product in the preparation of .2-(1-chloroethyl)-4,6-dimethyl-s-triazine by reaction of ethylacetimidate with 2-chloropropionamidine hydrochloride, 61.5 parts (0.75 mole) of anhydrous sodium 7 acetate, and 75 cc. of glacial acetic acid is refluxed for 20 hours. The reaction mixture is then cooled, diluted with water and benzene, and neutralized with sodium carbonate. The benzene solution is separated and dried over Drierite. Distillation afifords 61.5 parts of the diacetate, 3P. 126 C. at 2.5 mm., 11 1470. p
(B) Z-methyl-4,6-divinyl-s-triazine.-The pyrolysis of the diacetate was carried out in the manner and with the apparatus described for the preparation of 2,4-dimethyl- 6-vinyl-s triazine. At an observed temperature of 450- 475 C. and at a flow rate of 0.6 gram per minute, conversion .was approximately 65-75 percent. The crude pyrolyzate (29.5 g. from 37 g. of starting material) is stripped to separate an acetic acid 2-methyl-4,6-di vinyl-striazine fraction. This fraction is then diluted with ether and Washed with aqueous sodium carbonate. The ether solution is dried and distilled employing hydroquinone as an inhibitor. After evaporation of the ether, the crude reaction mixture was fractionally distilled to obtain 2- methyl-4,6-divinyl-s-triazine, B.P. 50-55 C, at 3 mm.
EXAMPLE 5 p 7 Preparation of 2,4,6-Trivinyl-s-Triazine (A) 2,4,6-tris(1 acetoxyerlzyl)-s-Zriazine.-81.5 parts (0.30 mole) of 2,4,6-tris(l-chloroethyl)-s-triazine is heated with 94 parts (1.20 moles) of anyhdrous sodium acetate, 70 cc. of glacial acetic acid and 10 cc. of acetic anhydride for four hours at reflux. The cooled reaction mixture is extracted repeatedly with water, leaving oily crystals of the crude triacetate. The crude product is dissolved in ether and dried with calcium chloride. The ether is then evaporated. The product residue is crystallized from cyclohexane and has a M.P of 8384 C.
(B) 2,4,6-trivinyl-s-triazine.Pyrolysis of the triacetate is carried out in the manner described above for the preparation of 2,4-dimethyl-6-vinyl-s-triazine. However,
because of the-high melting point of the starting material,
46 grams of the compound is dissolved in 10 grams of Warm glacial acetic acid and the solution is fed to the cracking column. The flow rate is about one gram of triacetate per minute. The pyrolyzate subsequently is distilled quickly yielding 5.5 grams, boiling point 57 C. at 4 mm, which appears to be crude 2,4,fi'trivinyl-s-triazine. The crude product is dissolved in petroleum ether and neutralized with aqueous sodium carbonate. The petroleum ether solution is dried over calcium chloride and distilled to obtain product having a B.P. of 85 C./9 mm.-
86 C./6 mm., F.P. 13 C.
EXAMPLE 6 Homopolymerization POLYVINYLDIMETHYLS-TRIAZINE (A) Crude 2,4-dirnethyl-6-vinyl-s-triazine of Example 1 is purified by redistillation at 40 C. and 1 mm. in the presence of phenolic inhibitor such as t-butyl catechol or by absorption chromatography on an alumina column. Either procedure affords highly purified monomer which is employed in all of the subsequent examples.
A solution of 10 parts of the monomer in 100 parts of benzene is heated at 6070 C. in the presence of 001 part of azo bis-isobutyronitrile for about 4 hours. The resultant viscous solution is futher diluted with benzene and led dropwise into petroleum ether. The resultant white, fibrous precipitate is dried in vacuo at 60 C. The polymer is further purified by re-dissolving in benzene and re-precipitating from petroleum ether. Alternatively, the benzene or water solutions may be freeze dried. One freeze dried sample is found to have an intrinsic viscosity of 1.6 and an average molecular weight exceeding one million. The polyvinyldimethyl-s-triazine polymer is soluble in water and in all common organic solvents with the exception of alphatic hydrocarbons.
Clear, hard, water-white films are obtained by pouring solutions of the homopolymer in each of three solvents, water, methanol, and benzene, on glass plates and heating in a forced draft oven at 60 C. for 120 minutes.
(B) Two parts of monomer in 10 parts of chlorobenzene are heated at 80 C. in the presence of 0.06 part of benzoyl peroxide for 23 hours to yield a viscous solution. The solution is led into petroleum ether and a 57 percent yield of dried, powdery polymer is obtained.
(C) One part of monomer in 10 parts of chlorobenzen-e solution is irradiated with X-rays for two hours to yield a viscous solution at room temperature. Precipitation from petroleum ether in the manner described above affords a 62% conversion of light yellow, powdery polymer. The polymer is soluble in all solvents except hexane or petroleum ether.
(D) To a deaerated water solution containing 100 parts of monomer is added 6 parts of Na BrO suificient sulfuric acid to lower the pH to 4, and finally 2 parts of solid Na SO in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide. The redox system is allowed to stand at room temperature for a period of two hours, at which time a viscous solution results. After heating at 60-70 for a short period, the solution is neutralized with NaHCO and stripped in vacuo. The gummy residue is extracted with hot benzene. The benzene extract is filtered and dropped into petroleum ether. A white, flocculent polymer is obtained.
EXAMPLE 7 Copolymerization (A) Equal weights of 2,4-dimethyl-6-vinyl-s-triazine and acrylonitrile are heated at 42 C. for two and onehalf hours in an inert atmosphere in the presence of a redox initiator. The powdery product, isolated by freeze drying from a water solution, readily absorbs dye when immersed and extracted from a 5 percent water solution of Calcocid Alizarine Blue. SAPG (Color Index 1054).
(B) A mixture of 6 parts of 2,4-dimethyl-6-vinyl-striazine and 4 parts of acrylonitrile is heated in a benzene solution at 60 C. in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile for two hours. The resultant copolymer is isolated by adding the viscous solution to petroleum ether. The powdery product which is separated is found to be a copolymer of acrylonitrile and 2,4-dimethyl-6-vinyl-s-triazine and was soluble in water.
(C) The procedure of B is repeated, except that methylmethacrylate is substituted for the acrylonitrile employed therein. A water-soluble copolymer is obtained.
(D) Copolymerization of styrene and 2,4-dimethyl-6- vinyl-s-triazine as in B above yielded a copolymer which was molded at 1250 psi. and- 120" C. to a hard, opaque solid.
EXAMPLE 8 One part of a 1 percent aqueous solution of polyvinyldimethyl-s-triazine is heated with 1 part of benzene and the mixture shaken. An emulsion was formed indicating the anionic dispersing or emulsifying power of polyvinyldimethyl-s-triazine. When the emulsion is broken by cooling, both layers appeared to retain some of the other, indicating relatively stable emulsions of both the oil and water layers.
While all of the above described examples constitute various embodiments of the present invention further changes and modifications obviously may be made which do not constitute departure from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
We claim:
1. 2,4-dimethyl-6vinyl-s-triazine.
2. 2,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-6-vinyl-s-triazine.
3. A process of preparing a compound of the structural formula N R W W-R N N Bi l in which R is lower alkenyl and R is selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkyl and halogen substituted lower alkyl, which comprises pyrolyzing a corresponding (l-acetoxyalkyl) s-triazine at a temperature of from about 400 to about 525 C. and recovering the resultant compound.
4. A process of preparing 2,4-dimethyl-6-vinyl-s-triazine which comprises pyrolyzing 2-(l-acetoxyethyl)-4,6-dimethyl-s-triazine at a temperature of from about 400 to about 525 C. and recovering said s-triazine.
5. A process of preparing 2,4-bis-(trifluoromethyl)-6- vinyl-s-triazine which comprises pyrolyzing 2-(1-acetoxyethyl)-4,6-bis-(trifluoromethyl)-s-triazine at a temperature of from about 400 to about 525 C. and recovering said s-triazine.
6. A compound of the structural formula in which R is vinyl and R is selected from the group consisting of methyl and halogen substituted lower alkyl.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,580,468 Schaefer et al Ian. 1, 1952 2,634,990 Ham June 30, 1953 2,845,422 Schaefer et a1 July 29, 1958 2,953,563 Schaefer et al Sept. 20, 1960 3,047,532 DAlelio July 31, 1962 FOREIGN PATENTS 1,042,230 Germany Oct. 30, 1958 OTHER REFERENCES Hechenbleikner: I. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 76, p. 3022 (1954).
Reinhardt et al.: Chemische Berichte, vol. 90, pp. 2643- 45 (1957).
Overberger et al.: Iourn. of the Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 80, pp. 988-91 (1958).
Smolin et al.: s-Triazines and Derivatives, pp. 11 to 12,553 and 162 to 163, Interscience Publs., Inc. (February 19 9).
D STA v s PATENT OFFICE 1 CEHHCATE or oRREQTIoN 3 ,l'63 ,647 December 29 Frederic Co Patent No Schaefer et a1.
rtified that error appears in the above numbered patters Patent should read as 1 It is hereby ce tion and that the said Let ent requiring correo corrected below.
lines 65 to 70, the righthand portion of the ead of as in the Column 2 ar as shown below inst formula should appe patent:
column 4 line Bl for "Radox read v- Redox Signed: and sealed this 11th day of May 1965 (SEAL) Attest:
ERNEST W. SWIDER EDWARD J. BRENNER Attesting Oicer Commissione r of Patents CUNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE a CETIFICATE OF CQBREGTION Patent No 3,163,647 December 29', 1964 Frederic C. Schaefer et al.
It is hereby certified that error appears in the above numbered pat ent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.
Column 2; lines 65 to 70, the right-hand portion of the formula should appear as shown below instead of as in the patent: f
. N, CH fifl CH=CH column 4, line 31, for "Radox" read v Redox 1 Signed and sealed this 11th day of May 1965;
- (SEAL) Attest:
ERNEST w. SWIDER Attesting Officer EDWARD J. BRENNER Commissioner of Patents
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 13, 1949
|Jan 1, 1952
|American Cyanamid Co
|Method of preparing an isocyanate
|Jul 22, 1950
|Apr 14, 1953
|Fink Charles A
|Mechanical sealing device
|Apr 22, 1957
|Jul 29, 1958
|American Cyanamid Co
|Substituted s-triazines and method of preparation
|Oct 18, 1957
|Sep 20, 1960
|Substituted s-triazine preparation
|Sep 30, 1958
|Jul 31, 1962
|Dal Mon Research Co
|Triazinyl vinyl monomer and polymer and copolymers thereof
|Aug 28, 1956
|Oct 30, 1958
|Du Pont
|Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polymerisaten von 2, 6-Diaryl-4-vinyl-1, 3, 5-triazinen
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 10, 1973
|May 4, 1976
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Photosensitive elements containing chromophore-substituted vinyl-halomethyl-s-triazines
|Sep 3, 1971
|Oct 19, 1976
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Chromophore-substituted vinyl-halomethyl-s-triazines
|Jun 23, 1978
|Apr 8, 1980
|Akzona Incorporated
|Process for polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated compounds
|Jan 28, 1980
|Apr 28, 1981
|Chevron Research Company
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
Watch Featured Movies
Embrace of the Vampire: An 18-year-old college freshman is seduced by a handsome vampire lover who introduce her to a dark world of carnal desires.
|IMDB: 4.3/10 Metascore: N/A RT: 13%
|May 30, 1995
|92 mins
|Anne Goursaud
|Alyssa Milano Charlotte Lewis Gregg Vance Harold Pruett Jennifer Tilly Jordan Ladd Martin Kemp Rachel True Rebecca Ferratti Sabrina Allen Seana Ryan
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Embrace of the Vampire Comments
|Posted by juliemd 4 years, 4 months ago
subpar plot, so-so acting, all and all a low budget movie. if your into watching lame movies just for the sex then here is the movie for you!!!!! 1/5
|Posted by TreeofWoe13 4 years, 5 months ago
I'm pretty sure Milano's nude scenes are what sold this one. Possibly if you're bored and like erotic vampire movies, it may keep you entertained for a while.
|Posted by azianknight4ever 5 years, 9 months ago
|Posted by FatSnuffy 6 years ago
I couldnt get past the first ten minutes of it! Somehow I think this would be a better book then a movie.
|Posted by firebaby 6 years, 3 months ago
a low budget, alyssa milano breaking-outta-child-acting, soft core, vampire flick... although martin kemp is pretty hot, it is what it is... watch it to pass the time, 5.5/10
|Posted by ZDarkGoth 6 years, 9 months ago
Omg, This movie sucked sooooo much. If you like poor acting, really bad dialogue, (hope i spelled that right), but some, at times, reasonably "ok" soft porn, by all means, have a go. But the part with Charmed girl took a bit off, was worth 5 stars alone. But just because you have a guy with some sharp teeth fly around, and suckin' some people off. Than having a bit of soft core sex, does not a good Vampire movie make. lol. ;)
|Posted by krayzie951 1 year, 10 months ago
ok movie it was
|Posted by indubitable 3 years, 8 months ago
Nothing much to watch except too many sex scenes b/w Alyssa and the Vamp. Low budget flick, an average one. 5/10
|Posted by hmmichael4141 4 years, 5 months ago
the first 5 mins was great lol.
|Posted by spike_luvs_me 4 years, 6 months ago
i would just like to point out that this was out before charmed this was out in 1995 charmed was out in 1997
|Posted by ressie 6 years, 8 months ago
your right it sucks hard ass
|Posted by shannongurl 3 years, 7 months ago
Love this movie hadnt seen it in ages
|Posted by pittbull 4 years, 9 months ago
can someone please put a megavideo links
|Posted by MovieJames 5 years, 10 months ago
I quite enjoyed this, i am a fan of the erotic vampire films and this was good, not a fan of Martin Kemp maybe the girls will like it tho for him!! lol but was a good movie, decent story and plenty of blood and sex. Just a shame there was othing more between Alyssa and her room mate!! ;) all in all a good watch. 3/5 does anyone on here know of anymore good erotic vampire movies?
|Posted by SpaceQueenT 5 years, 7 months ago
oh i want a vampire that will introduce me to a dark world of carnal desires.
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Lord of the Dance, created by Michael Flatley, returns to Chattanooga's Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Auditorium for one performance only on Tuesday, Feb. 12. Show time is 7:30 p.m.
Lord of the Dance is the theatrical extravaganza that has helped catapult Irish dancing into the global spotlight. The show features more than 40 dancers who deliver an eloquent and stunning interpretation of one of Ireland's most famous legends.
Described by the New York Post as "fascinating, rewarding and above all, entertaining," and by the Los Angeles Times as "a showpiece extravaganza," Lord of the Dance is a mesmerizing blend of traditional and modern Celtic music and dance.
The story is a classic tale of good vs. evil based on old Irish folklore. It is also a passionate love story expressed through dance. The action is played out over 21 scenes on a grand scale of precision dancing, dramatic music, colorful costumes and state-of-the-art staging and lighting.
LOTD was conceived and choreographed by Michael Flatley – the American-born world Irish dance champion who was responsible for creating a new wave of Celtic dance mania. Mr. Flatley, who originated the role of the Lord, serves as artistic director and continues to oversee all aspects of the show and the numerous LOTD troupes currently touring internationally.
The show made its debut performance in 1996 and quickly became the most popular touring dance production in history. More than 60 million people worldwide have seen Lord of the Dance in person at sold-out theaters, arenas and stadiums.
LOTD will perform for one night only at Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Auditorium. All seats are reserved from $30 to $50 plus convenience fees. Tickets are on sale now at Memorial Auditorium box office, online at www.ChattanoogaOnStage.com, and by phone at 423 642-TIXS.
April 28, 2016
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The free Nightfall Concert Series, produced by Chattanooga Presents, will open its 29th season on Friday, May 6, at Miller Plaza, with a headline performance by Seattle-based funk band, Polyrhythmics ... (click for more)
River City Sessions will be hosting a fundraiser benefiting Lula Lake Land Trust on Friday, June 10, at the land trust's core property. River City Sessions is a monthly program at The Camp ... (click for more)
The Partnership for Families, Children and Adults present the 9th annual Dancing with the Chattanooga Stars on June 25. Celebrity guests Witney Carson and Tony Dovolani from ABC's Dancing ... (click for more)
The free Nightfall Concert Series, produced by Chattanooga Presents, will open its 29th season on Friday, May 6, at Miller Plaza, with a headline performance by Seattle-based funk band, Polyrhythmics and local opener Opposite Box. This year Nightfall will be held over the course of 15 Friday nights at Miller Plaza in the heart of downtown Chattanooga. Stretching through ... (click for more)
River City Sessions will be hosting a fundraiser benefiting Lula Lake Land Trust on Friday, June 10, at the land trust's core property. River City Sessions is a monthly program at The Camp House featuring local and regional musical acts along with southern storytelling. "We're really excited about performing at sunset on such a beautiful property," said Michael ... (click for more)
The Cleveland City Schools Board of Education announced the five finalists for the director of schools position. The community is invited to attend the Board of Education interview session each day 6-8 p.m. at Mayfield Elementary School, 501 20 th Street NE, Cleveland. A complete schedule is attached. Candidates: Wednesday, ... (click for more)
Developers of the McCallie Commons student housing at McCallie and Central are wanting to expand the project, but it would involve tearing down three old homes on Oak Street. The proposal from developer David Hudson would be an expansion of the four-story apartment building and separate parking garage with 300 parking spaces proposed that was approved earlier. The original ... (click for more)
To Roy Exum: With all the recent news of major dysfunctions within our educational system, I thought I might alert you to something better. About a year ago you ventured up Highway 58 to Central High School to represent your late grandfather, Roy McDonald, as he was honored as a Distinguished Alumnus during the annual Senior Day festivities. I sort of expected ... (click for more)
JoeySalads, his screen name, is widely known for his funny pranks except for the fact he calls them "social experiments." So while we are still on the transgender-restroom issue, our boy JoeySalads got a transgender friend to approve his attire before he tried his luck at entering women's restrooms. I don't think you'll be real surprised at what really happened in this video. Click ... (click for more)


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David Gugerty on negotiating with county unions
The Democratic candidate for Nassau's 18th legislative district talks about controlling labor costs and encouraging smart growth in the county. (Oct. 3, 2013) Videojournalist: Sam Guzik
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Liberty motivated to get back to the finals Altercation between Hempstead teacher and parent caught on video Oceanside man burned in barbecue explosion Surprise! What happens when puppies show up at work Spota announces arrests in heroin rings operating in Suffolk Cops: Oceanside plane owner threatened Hempstead workers Peacock reunited with its owner Changes promised for North Hempstead government Lawsuit says Catholic priest sexually abused Long Island man Wheelchair athlete makes high school varsity tennis debut Forte: Fitzpatrick at QB 'best thing' for Jets Grippo's OT winner lifts Connetquot over Ward Melville


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*Black-Eyed Peas frontman Will.i.am will join Jessie J and two yet-to-be announced celebrities as coaches on a U.K. version of NBC's "The Voice," which will begin airing on BBC1 next spring, according to The Hollywood Reporter.
The multi-platinum selling artist, producer and songwriter has sold 31 million albums and 58 million singles worldwide as the founder of the seven- times Grammy Award-winning band. He's also worked with the likes of Michael Jackson, Rihanna, Usher and Cheryl Cole.
Will.i.am's selection will prompt speculation that Cole may also take a judging slot or appear in a guest role on the show, but BBC1 boss Danny Cohen wasn't giving any hints as he announced the move.
Will.i.am said he was thrilled to be selected for the British version of the NBC smash hit.
"I'm proud to be doing The Voice U.K. because the U.K. was the first place I saw success. It's the place I'm the most creative outside of home."
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Singer Drake says he has a "genuine energy" with Rihanna.
DJ Calvin Harris admits he was "nervous" when he made R&B star Rihanna listen to "This is What You Came For".
Rihanna joined Calvin Harris onstage during his headline set on the second day of Coachella 2016.
Rihanna was spotted hanging out with Oscar-winning actor Leonardo DiCaprio at a Coachella party.
Rihanna is finally getting her own documentary with Peter Berg serving as director of the film.
R&B star Rihanna announced the release of two tracks for radio airplay in typically racy fashion.
It seems like 'work' is twerking for this little piglet.
Rihanna has dismissed stories of a rivalry with Beyonce, saying people get excited about negative things.
R&B star Rihanna celebrated her 28th in style at Via Alloro in Beverly Hills over the weekend despite recent gig cancellations.
Brit Award hosts Ant & Dec fear Rihanna will pull out of her performance on February 24, following a number of cancellations recently.
Richa Chadha drew inspiration from pop sensation Rihanna for her look in Cabaret.
Rihanna canceled her Grammys performance at the last minute due to bronchitis.
R&B star Rihanna has confirmed she is single and says she doesn't have time for a "steady relationship" at the moment.
R&B star Rihanna is set to perform at the BRIT Awards later this month.
Kanye West, who was initially the executive producer of Rihanna's much-awaited album "Anti" has left the project.


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Politicians can't promise to grow the economy and simultaneously limit access to abortion and birth control; economic health and reproductive health are linked.
North Dakota's state-owned bank continues to report record profits. California, with 50 times North Dakota's population, could follow that state's lead.
Mariame Kaba is an organizer, educator, and writer who lives in Chicago. Her work focuses on ending violence, dismantling the prison industrial complex, and supporting youth leadership development. She is the founder and director of Project NIA, a grassroots organization with a mission to end youth incarceration.


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It is not the form that dictates the color, but the color that brings out the form.
Artspoken 12×12 Opening
My little poppy paintings were hung in a great location in the front room, all together -- I loved how they looked there. There were a lot of nice paintings in the gallery -- some darling little happy flower paintings also in the front room -- in acrylic with wood-burning, if I remember right, lots of nicely done representational pieces -- landscapes and still lifes -- a few lovely abstracts, and some gorgeous photos here and there.


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Kishan S Rana: Some steps for India's renewalMany among us, or dare I say most, have ideas on what ails the Indian polity, and what ought to be done. We can sit around wringing our hands and narrating to one another the latest story heard on past misdeeds and current misgovernance. In the ... Business Standard India, 2 days ago
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Indian Muslims' experience can be model for others: Ansari
Vice President Hamid Ansari on Tuesday said the experience of the Indian Muslim minority community living in a secular polity having a composite culture could be a model for others to emulate."Thinking minds should look beyond questions of identity and ...Prokerala, 6 days ago Indian experience of a large Muslim minority living in secular polity having a composite culture could be a model for others to emulate: Vice President PIB, 1 week ago VP Hamid Ansari on Muslim Minority Living in Secular Polity Oneindia, 4 days ago Indian Muslims Experience Can Be Model For Others: Hamid Ansari Siasat Daily, 6 days ago
A career guide to Indian polity
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Political leaders remember contribution of Dr Ambedkar
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People crave for promised political governance
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Last week, in remarks unlikely to endear him to political leaders on either side of the border, Islamabad's envoy to New Delhi, Abdul Basit, announced that the peace process with India has been suspended. The truth behind Basit's comments is ...Yahoo! India, 3 weeks ago
South Asia Weekly | Volume IX; Issue 15
India: Will ongoing assembly polls impact national politics? National parties, including the ruling BJP and the main opposition Congress, and different regional parties are currently engaged in electoral campaigns in four states and one Union ...Observer Research Foundation, 3 weeks ago
Indian politics and the new dharma
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Narendra Modi scripts history, to become PM; Congress decimated
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Celebs UncensoredVintage Star Pics!
Taylor Swift and her mom! Teen Gwen Stefani! Pre-fame Pink! Check out stars' personal pics and mementos from their own archives
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Bakelite Xylonite Limited Patents
Bakelite Xylonite Limited
London, GB2
No. of patents:
Patent Number
Title Of Patent
Date Issued
Polymer films
April 28, 1981
A stretched polyolefin film, suitable for use as a packaging material, comprising a uniform cellular structure produced by the use of a blowing agent and consisting essentially of a crystalline having a broad molecular weight distribution and a low Melt Flow Index wherein the film contai
Process for producing multicellular articles from a blend of a crystalline polyolefin and a meta
March 4, 1980
A method for the production of a stretched multi-cellular polyolefin article. A composition comprising a blend of a crystalline polyolefin and about 2-50% by weight of a metal resinate is formed into a shaped article. The shaped article is either uniaxially or biaxially stretched at a
Plastics shaped articles
April 24, 1979
A plastics composition comprising an olefin polymer, a styrene or methyl-substituted styrene polymer, a butyl rubber and optionally an ethylene/vinyl polymer, which composition can be stretched to form a paper-like sheet.
Process for the productions of multi-cellular stretched articles
September 5, 1978
A process for the manufacture of a multicellular stretched sheet which comprises melt compounding a thermoplastic matrix polymer and an additive comprising a polymeric or non-polymeric organic compound or a metal salt of an organic acid, forming the blend into a shaped article and stretc
Process for producing multicellular articles
January 10, 1978
A composition which can be formed into a shaped article and stretched to produce a multicellular stretched article comprising a blend of a thermoplastics material and a metal resinate or a resin ester.
Method of making a retro-reflective beaded material
November 2, 1976
Method of making a beaded retro-reflective material comprising embedding beads in a generally planar plastic matrix and embossing the material so that axes of exposed portions of the beads lie at varying angles to the general plane of the matrix.
Extrusion processes and apparatus therefor
August 24, 1976
Apparatus for use in the production of a tube of organic thermoplastic polymeric material wherein the peripheral portions of the calibrating disc assembly and the seal that contact the wall of the tube comprises a liquid absorbent material; and a method of producing the above tube.
Profile determining and/or controlling system
August 10, 1976
A system for determining and/or controlling the profile of a property of an article, in which sensing means simultaneously obtains a multiplicity of electrical gauging signals, each signal being proportional to a property of the article in a particular region, the gauging signals are pas
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Yosh said that this was sooo easy to make. It was sooo ono too. I lucked out 'cause by the time I got to work today, there was only one left!
Combine one 8 oz. block of cream cheese with 3/4 c. sugar, 1 tsp. vanilla and 2 eggs. Line muffin tin with cupcake liners. Place one nilla wafer at the bottom of each liner, add cream cheese mixture and top with Comstock blueberry filling. Bake at 375 degrees for 20 minutes. Makes about 15. Yosh said that it'll deflate a bit after it cools, but that's normal.
Myrtle's Really Great Food Video - My dear friend, Myrtle sent our Zumba group this really great Youtube video with great food preparation tips. I really love the one about peeling eggs and ...
1 hour ago


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Used Volkswagen Routan for Sale in Roanoke, VA
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I love this van. It has all the amenities to keep kids occupied on long trips while keeping the comfort of an easy chair. This van has a lot of stowaway so storage/hauling small to medium furniture is easy. Back up camera and powered rear mirrors make seeing behind you a cake walk. Power everything makes opening/closing doors (including hatch) ...
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text:
MTA recently released subway and bus ridership statistics for the year 2015, so I updated the History page and all Concourse Line station pages with the new data. 130 more words
Tags » MTA
These New NYC Subway Ad Screens Know Who's Looking at Them
Digital advertising is going big—very big—and will soon be everywhere. The out-of-home advertising market (OOH), which includes everything from billboards to posters to Jumbotrons, is finally making a big push into the digital landscape, changing what used to be static canvases into dynamic advertising displays. 1,191 more words
A Guide to Riding the Subway
For those of you that have the pleasure, I mean nightmare of commuting into NYC via the subway system (cesspool), here is a real guide on the do's and don'ts of riding the subway. 765 more words
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NEW YORK (CBSNewYork) — The partial collapse of a subway platform brought 5-train service in part of the Bronx to a halt on Tuesday night. 124 more words
No. 5 train service in the Bronx resumes with residual delays
EASTCHESTER, Bronx – Transit officials say the No. 5 subway line has resumed service in the Bronx.
Service between Eastchester-Dyre Avenue and East 180th Street was suspended Tuesday night after part of a subway platform that was under construction collapsed. 64 more words
a man just is.
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Jun 27, 2008
Global aviation industry mulls 'green' solutionsBack
Agriculture|Aircraft|Aviation|composite|Compressor|Design|Efficiency|Electric Motors|Engines|Environment|Finance|Gas|General Electric|Industrial|Innovation|Motors|Power|Road|Roads|Sustainable|Systems|Technology|Tourism|transport|Waste|Water|Electric Motors|Energy|Maintenance|Manufacturing|Motors|Power Generation|Power-generation|Service|Solutions|Systems|Environmental|Electric Motors|Infrastructure|Motors|Waste|Motors|Operations
In April, leaders from across the global aviation industry – associations, aircraft manufacturers, engine manufacturers, airlines, airport companies, and air traffic control providers – affirmed their and their companies' and organisations' commitment to combating global climate change. They did so in a document entitled 'Aviation Industry Commitment to Action on Climate Change'.
Among the signatories to the declaration were all the big four Western commercial aircraft manufacturers – Airbus, Boeing, Bombardier and Embraer – as well as the major Western aero-engine makers – CFM International (a joint venture between General Electric, of the US, and France's Snecma, part of the Safran group), General Electric, Pratt & Whitney and Rolls-Royce.
In the commitment, the industry assures that, in accordance with the fourfold strategy unanimously adopted at the 2007 Assembly of the International Civil Aviation Organisation (Icao), it will pursue the development and deployment of new technologies, including cleaner fuels; further improve aircraft fuel efficiency, the way aircraft are flown, and the management of ground operations; improve airport infrastructure, air traffic management and air routes; and institute "positive economic instruments" for the reduction of greenhouse-gas emissions, "wherever they are cost effective".
But governments also have to do their part. The aviation industry companies and associations urge governments to support and help finance research and development (R&D) into greener, breakthrough tech- nologies; to urgently act to improve the design of their airspace use, including such matters as allocation of airspace to civil and military flying, improvement of air traffic control infrastructure, and better procedures for approving necessary airport improvements; and to develop and apply a global emissions management framework for aviation, through Icao, that is equitable and stable, and in agreement with the United Nations (UN) road map adopted in Bali, Indonesia, in December 2007.
To sum up, the industry promises to "build on the strong track record of technological progress and innovation that has made our industry the safest and most efficient transport mode; and accelerate action to mitigate our environmental impact, especially with respect to climate change, while preserving our driving role in the sustainable development of our global society."
The global civil aviation industry is estimated to contribute 8% of the world's gross domestic product (GDP), or $3,5- trillion. The industry includes 2 092 airlines, with a total fleet of almost 23 000 aircraft. These airlines carry more than 2,2-billion people a year – 40% of international tourists now travel by air – to and from 3 754 airports, over a route network of several million kilometres, and managed by some 160 air traffic management agencies.
Air transport companies pay more than $40-billion a year for the use of civil aviation infrastructure – air traffic management and airports – through various specific fees (air traffic control, landing and passenger fees), as well as paying substantial taxes. They also generate 32-million direct, indirect, and induced jobs across the planet. This figure is split into 14,7-million direct, indirect, and induced jobs, and 17,1-million direct and indirect jobs created as a result of the catalytic impact of airlines on tourism, a figure that includes about 6,7-million tourism jobs directly supported by inter- national tourists travelling by air.
Airfreight carries 40% (by value) of interregional exports, while 25% of all companies' sales depend on airfreight, and 70% of all enterprises state the key benefit of using air transport is access to a larger market. It is airfreight which allows, for example, Kenyan peasant farmers to sell their fresh vegetables in European (and South African) markets.
Being a capital-intensive sector, productivity for each worker is very high in aviation, being 250% greater than the average for other industries. In addition, there is aviation's less quantifi-able benefits, such as its social and develop- mental role in remote places, which are difficult – if not impossible – to access by alternative forms of transport: places like the Canadian and Siberian tundra, the Australian outback, the Amazonian rain forest, the Papua New Guinea interior, and so on.
The importance of aviation to humanity is shown by the sector's high growth rate. The average annual growth in passenger air traffic is 4,9%. Since at least 1970, air traffic (measured in route passenger kilometres – RPKs) has doubled every 15 years, and Airbus expects it to double again over the next 15 years.
The driving forces behind this coming growth are Asia, in general, and China, in particular, as well as the growth in Middle East passenger and freight hubs, and the global growth in the number of megacities. Asia, in general, is marked by increasing development, wealth, accelerating deregulation of the air transport, and increasing numbers of low-cost airlines.
China itself is displaying a high growth rate both in domestic and international air travel.
Regarding megacities – defined as cities with a population of ten-million people or more – there were four of these in 1970, there are 26 of them today, and there will be 33 of them by 2015. Add to these those cities that are smaller but can be described as "global cities" (such as London, with a population below eight-million) and you find a list of 32 metropolises (including Johannesburg) that account for 77% of passenger air traffic. In fact, 64% of global air traffic goes through just 93 airports. "You can't have world GDP growth without world aviation growth," highlights Airbus COO: Customers John Leahy.
In terms of its environmental impact, aviation affects the climate through its emissions.
According to the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, aviation accounts for 2% of global CO2 emissions (but, to reiterate, 8% of global GDP), and this could increase to 3% by 2050. The October 2006 'Stern Report' by Sir Nicholas Stern, commissioned and endorsed by the UK government, states that all forms of transport combined are responsible for 14% of such emissions; agriculture and industry also account for 14% each, power generation for 24%, 'land use' for 18%, buildings for 8%, 'other energy related' for 5%, and waste for 3%. In terms of land use, airport infrastructure occupies only 1% of the land used for transport systems, while railways take 4% and roads 83%.
The global aviation industry is not a johnny- come-lately when it comes to reducing its environmental impact. Airbus's head of sus- tainable development, Philippe Fonta, points out that the industry has reduced the noise generated by commercial aircraft by 20 decibels compared with that of equivalent aircraft in the 1970s, and this has resulted in a 75% decrease in noise annoyance caused by commercial aviation.
There has also been a 90% reduction in unburned hydrocarbon and smoke emissions as well as a more than 50% reduction in carbon monoxide emissions from aircraft. The amount of fuel consumed has been reduced by 70% over the last 40 years, and the amount of CO2 emissions has also been reduced by 70% over the same period. "There aren't many industries that can talk about reducing fuel consumption by 70% over 30 or so years," points out Leahy. "No other industry is doing so much to reduce its impact on the environment."
Nevertheless, the aviation industry, in general, has committed itself to do even better. The industry objectives include a further 50% reduction in noise by 2020, in comparison with 2000 levels, and, likewise, a 50% reduction in aircraft fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, as well as an 80% reduction in NOx emissions over the same period. "We have to learn to do more with less, not do less.
If we ever are to address environmental issues, it won't be by adding costs," stresses Leahy. "Many measures that help the environment also increase efficiency and reduce costs. The best approaches are those that benefit airlines, passengers and the environment." "We need to keep growing, but with less environmental impact," says Fonta. "Aircraft will only be accepted if they are efficient in terms of the environment. We have to keep technology at the heart of our programme to improve our performance."
The latest-generation major airliners just entering, or soon to enter, service are the Airbus A380 and the Boeing 787. The Boeing 787-8 will be able to carry between 210 and 250 passengers, and the 787-9 between 250 and 290 over intercontinental ranges.
With its use of composite materials to replace metals on an unprecedented scale, the 787 is lighter but stronger than earlier- generation equivalent aircraft. It also benefits from refined aerodynamic design, reducing drag and increasing lift. The result is an aircraft that will use 20% less fuel (and thus generate less CO2) per passenger, and have a noise footprint 60% smaller than the footprint of equivalent aircraft operating today.
The Airbus A380 can carry 525 passengers or more and, like the 787 (but to a lesser degree), uses composites to reduce weight. Its fuel consumption is less than three litres per passenger per 100 km, in comparison with the average of 6,5 ℓ per person per 100 km for cars currently marketed in Europe, and the 9,6 ℓ for cars in the US. It generates less than 75 g of CO2 per passenger per kilometre, while EU motor manufacturers seek to achieve 140 g per person per kilometre during this year. Again, the aircraft generates considerably less noise. Even the paints used on the A380 have reduced environmental impact.
Engine manufacturers are also very active. For example, CFM International's new CFM56-5B turbofans, recently ordered by low-cost carrier EasyJet to equip its Airbus A319 airliners, will reduce NOx emissions by 25% and significantly cut fuel consumption, CO2 emissions, and maintenance costs. For the longer term, CFM has the Leading Edge Aviation Propulsion programme, which is focused on developing and maturing new technologies, including composite fans, an advanced compressor design, next-generation combustor technology, and next-generation high- and low-pressure turbine technologies.
Meanwhile, Rolls-Royce is well set to cut engine noise levels by 50% by 2010 in comparison with 1998 levels, cut fuel consumption by 10%, and reduce NOx emissions by 50% of those required by current regulations. Rolls-Royce is also the leading partner in the UK's Environmentally Friendly Engine (EFE) programme, which involves 11 British institutions, from industry to academia. Using 2000 as the baseline, the EFE programme seeks to reduce CO2 emissions by 50%, NOx emissions by 80%, and noise levels by 50%, by 2020. The EFE programme is seen as a contribution to meeting the environmental performance standards set by Europe's Advisory Council for Aeronautics Research in Europe.
Aviation companies are also pursuing many other technologies to increase efficiency, and reduce fuel consumption and emissions from aircraft. These include fuel cells – to replace jet fuel-powered auxiliary power units, which provide power to the aircraft on the ground, when their main engines are not running – electric motors fitted to the undercarriage wheels (so that aircraft can taxi without having to use their main engines), refined aerodynamics (itself requiring improved design and development software, materials, and manu-facturing processes), and radical new designs of engines and aircraft.
Alternative fuels are also being investigated, such as gas-to- liquids-produced synthetic fuels (now under early test), and possible second-generation nonfood biofuels. (First-generation biofuels cannot be used because they have too low an energy content for aircraft – airliners filled up with ethanol would lack the range to cross the Atlantic from Europe to South America, for example.) Second-generation biofuels might be available by 2020, and a fuel mix including 30% biofuels might be in service by 2030.
Companies are also seeking to make their manufacturing processes more environment friendly. Airbus, for example, was awarded ISO 14001 certification in June last year. It has stated targets to reduce energy and water consumption and waste emissions from its industrial processes by 2020.
These targets are a 30% reduction in energy consumption, a 50% reduction in CO2 emissions, a 50% reduction in water consumption, a 80% reduction in water discharge and a 50% reduction in waste production. The benefits from the savings will be invested in research and technology (R&T) for green aviation technologies. The company has committed itself to increasing its R&T budget by 25% from 2008.
Edited by: Creamer Media Reporter
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Photographer's Request for Critique
--Aivar Pärtel
Dea Sumin
Thanks for comments and ratings !
Gallery > Aivar Pärtel > Photos > Portraits > Dea Sumin
Thanks for comments and ratings !
Mark Chartrand , March 14, 2011; 10:35 P.M.
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Bill Long , March 23, 2011; 11:56 A.M.
Interact in 44 photography forums with 1,500+ posts added on a daily basis
Important: please keep your image under 700 pixels wide/high for in-line viewing, and please try to keep the FILE SIZE UNDER 300kb. Note that this includes photos hosted off-site (at Flickr,...
If an FX camera and a DX camera have similar 24 MP sensor (such as a D750 and a D7200, or maybe even the newer D500) would an image from FX camera have the same detail as DX camera if FX image were...
There are still a lot of argument about the price, body quality, poor optic, meaningless, and etc. Price would be the best topic I guess. but many people and photographers still using Leica tho....
So I am sitting there reading the May 1956 issue of Modern Photography. They say it was a special issue but I am not finding anything special in it. So I look at my other magazines for the month and...
I now have an Ansco Buster Brown #2, which seems like it should work. Conveniently, it uses 120 film, so no complications with buying film for it. The shutter has choices B (bulb), T(time), and...


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Media Goyang Itik Striptis
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Video ini diunggah dari ponsel Android. Gobobs Goyang Jilbobs Abang Jarang Pulang was published on October 23, 2014


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iHerb Customer Reviews
Savings of: $1.49 (10% off)
Posted by MandyEm on Feb 01, 2013
Not enough coverage for my liking. I love the packaging though.
Very good eyeshadow,but broken when I received it
Posted by LeneAnett on Aug 23, 2011
bad packaging
Ecco Bella, FlowerColor Eyeshadow, Vanilla
Posted by Reviewer2612013 on Jun 14, 2011
I like the natural color, however, the cardboard packaging seems flimsy. This is better than the talc based eyeshadows.
Was this review helpful to you?
2 people found the following review helpful
Terrible Product
Posted by Reviewer2048741 on May 17, 2011
Terrible product. Came broken into bits with powder spilling everywhere when I opened the packaging. 100% unusable. Definitely would not recommend this product to anyone.
it's okay
Posted by Reviewer1050765 on Mar 11, 2011
if it wouldn't be so good ingredients in it a absolutely sure i won't by it!
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Items 1-5 of 5 total


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My Favorite Nonprofits
Wounded Warrior Project
Ddecker wrote:
I would not be alive if it were not for this organization. They were there for some of my darkest days. And gave me the opportunity... more »
- Location:
- Jacksonville, FL
Helping a Hero Org
BigStarBigDreams wrote:
Huge lack of organization and communication. Staff and board members have very high turnover...when someone questions the integrity... more »
- Location:
- Houston, TX
Wounded Warriors Family Support
Jacob L. wrote:
My families experience with Wounded Warrior Family Support was amazing from the start. Their application process was very smooth... more »
- Location:
- Omaha, NE
Writer wrote:
This organization was unlike any other I've experienced. As a combat veteran I have a hard time asking for help, but onbehalf... more »
- Location:


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Groundbreaking Wednesday on downtown office tower
Groundbreaking is set for Wednesday on the 18-story, 358,017-square-foot 833 East office building, at 833 E. Michigan St.
The building, which will be completed in February 2016, has landed tenants for 168,155 square feet, or 47% of its space, said developer Mark Irgens.
Along with previously announced tenants, including anchor tenant Godfrey & Kahn, the $101 million building's lineup will include some newly announced business, including Jason Inc., which is moving its offices from the 411 East Wisconsin Center. Other tenants include Irgens, Colliers International, First American and Cresa Milwaukee.
833 East will replace part of a one-story parking garage, which will be demolished. After excavation is completed, the new building will begin rising out of the ground later this year, said David Merrick, of Irgens.
Irgens in February secured a construction loan for the project, and bought the development site. The firm hopes to have the building fully leased within 18 months of its completion.
- New Brookfield projects adding hundreds of apartments
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- Large development possible for Third Ward site
- Land & Space commercial development database launches
- Video: Former library near Washington Park converting to small business center
- Free night parking near Prospect and North avenues gets boost
- 84 South mixed-use project wins Greenfield approval
New faces, new places for April 29
Earnings rise 8.5% for First Business Financial Services Inc.
New cafe and hotel plans move forward at Oak Creek's Drexel Town Square
Mitchell International passenger traffic continues to increase
Southwest, Delta tangle over whether to cut or raise fares
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State could shift care of elderly, disabled to for-profit companies
Oshkosh Corp. reports higher profit on military vehicle sales
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Developer to transform ex-library into retail, arts hub
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West Milwaukee development would get $1.48 million in village cash
Marcus Corp. reports 68.4% first quarter net income increase
Commercial Real Estate News
New light industrial buildings approved for Pleasant Prairie
Two light industrial developments planned for Pleasant Prairie have received village planning approval, the latest in a series of such projects in the Kenosha area.
The Pleasant Prairie Plan Commission approved conceptual plan updates for the proposed Riverview Corporate Park at its Monday night meeting, according to a village statement.
Riverview Group LLC, an affiliate of Rosemont, Ill.-based Venture One Real Estate, would construct the first phase of the new business park on a site southeast of Premium Outlets.
Check the Milwaukee Assessor's Office website, which includes tools to look up property assessments.
Find property assessments for other communities throughout the state at AssessorData.org.
The Milwaukee Department of City Development website includes information on the city Plan Commission and Redevelopment Authority.
The Commercial Association of Realtors Wisconsin offers information on commercial realtors and real estate.
The Milwaukee chapter of the Institute of Real Estate Management serves the needs of real estate management professionals
The Wisconsin chapter of the NAIOP Commercial Real Estate Development Association aims to serve developers and owners of commercial real estate.
The Land and Space blog was recognized by the Society of American Business Editors and Writers in the blog category for dailies with circulation between 200,000 to 500,000.
The judges said, "Daykin's aggressive reporting and accessible, explanatory writing make him a must-read for his tight-knit and highly engaged audience."


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Forrest Griffin and Stephan Bonnar reunite for an off-the-wall conversation you will not want to miss. The wildly entertaining and extremely opinionated fighters sound off on everything from never-before-heard tidbits on their first unforgettable match-up to which current UFC titleholder they could both take down today.
Check out Griffin vs. Bonnar III, courtesy of UFC Ultimate Insider on Fuel TV…
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The upcoming season of "TUF: Latin America 3" will feature an interesting wrinkle as retired UFC Hall of Famers Chuck Liddell and Forrest Griffin will handle coaching duties.Filed under: News, UFC read news >>
For the first time in UFC history, the The Ultimate Fighter series will feature two UFC legends and Hall of Famers, Chuck Liddell and Forrest Griffin, as coaches. read news >>
Forrest Griffin used his height and reach advantage to frustrate Rashad Evans in the first two rounds before Evans finally found his opening. read news >>
Episode No. 55 of "The MMA Road Show with John Morgan" podcast, featuring Chuck Liddell, Forrest Griffin and Simon Head, is now available for streaming and download.Filed under: Bellator, News, UFC read news >>