text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 22, 1991
|Filing date
|Jan 19, 1990
|Priority date
|Jan 19, 1990
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|E. Weissler II Harold, Benjamin G. Shirey
|Original Assignee
|Siemens Automotive L.P.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (27), Classifications (13), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to electronic engine control systems, and more particularly to internal combustion engine control systems using mass air sensors. Still more particularly, the present invention relates to techniques for accurately adapting engine control parameters in response to integrated mass air flow corresponding to engine cylinder events.
Using mass air flow to provide a control input to an electronic engine control system ("ECS") is well known, as is evidenced by the following listing of exemplary prior issued commonly-assigned U.S. patents generally relating to electronic engine control arrangements:
U.S. Pat. No. 4,421,089
U.S. Pat. No. 4,401,063
U.S. Pat. No. 4,387,602
U.S. Pat. No. 4,250,842
U.S. Pat. No. 4,246,639
U.S. Pat. No. 4,245,317
U.S. Pat. No. 4,228,777
U S. Pat. No. 4,214,307
U S. Pat. No. 4,212,065
U S. Pat. No. 4,193,380
U S. Pat. No. 4,186,602
U S. Pat. No. 4,096,833
U S. Pat. No. 4,096,831
U S. Pat. No. 4,091,773.
The following additional patents also relate to air flow sensing arrangements within electronic engine control systems:
U.S. Pat. No. 4,860,222
U.S. Pat. No. 4,587,884
U.S. Pat. No. 4,448,070
U.S. Pat. No. 4,494,405
U.S. Pat. No. 4,445,369
U.S. Pat. No. 4,433,576
U.S. Pat. No. 4,125,093
U.S. Pat. No. 4,425,886
U.S. Pat. No. 4,403,506
U.S. Pat. No. 4,317,365
U.S. Pat. No. 4,237,830
U.S. Pat. No. 4,083,244
U.S. Pat. No. 3,433,069
U.S. Pat. No. 3,374,673
As is well known, mass air flow parameters are extremely useful in controlling the operation of an internal combustion engine. Mass air flow relates to the mass of the air actually flowing through (into) the engine, and thus provides information useful in calculating and controlling critical engine operating parameters such as air-fuel ratio. One of the advantages of measuring mass air flow directly using, for example, a mass air flow meter (as opposed to indirectly using an air volume flow meter) is independence of the measurement on variables such as engine tolerances (which may change as the engine wears). See, for example, Loesing et al, "Mass Air Flow Meter--Design and Application", SAE Technical Paper Series No. 890779 (International Congress and Exposition, Detroit, Mich., Feb. 27-Mar. 3 1989).
Typical conventional mass air flow meters found in many of today's automotive systems operate on the hot wire anemometer principle. Briefly, a hot film or wire is heated by an electrical current so as to maintain a constant temperature differential between the heated element and another non-heated (i.e., at ambient temperature) element. The air flowing past the heated element removes heat from that element (with higher mass air flow removing more heat)--requiring additional electrical heating current to maintain the heated element at the constant temperature differential above ambient. A voltage differential Vout appearing across a resistor coupled (typically in series) with the heating element is measured or otherwise used to provide a direct measure of mass air flow.
As is well known, this hot wire anemometer type mass air flow sensor provides mass air flow as a fourth order function of the voltage output signal: ##EQU1## where Vout is the output voltage, k1 and k2 are constants, and mL is the mass air flow. FIG. 1 shows a typical transfer function for an exemplary hot wire anemometer type mass air flow sensor showing this fourth-order relationship.
One problem arises as to how to efficiently obtain the mass air flow from the sensor Vout output without introducing errors or using costly components.
In automotive fuel management systems, it is desirable to calculate or estimate the mass of air taken into a corresponding individual combustion chamber cylinder during the intake stroke (in a Otto cycle type four-stroke internal combustion engine for example) in order to determine the amount of fuel that must be injected into that cylinder so as to provide a desired air/fuel ratio. Unfortunately, the air flow is anything but constant over an engine cycle, but rather may be more accurately thought of as surges or pulses of air flowing into the cylinder during the time the intake valve is open.
One technique used in the past to determine the air mass flowing into a cylinder during the intake stroke is to apply a wave form factor to the sampled air flow value. However, this technique is generally successful only if the wave shape is constant and the sample location on the wave form is known. Neither of these conditions exist in modern engines including variable valve timing. Variable valve timing control can add large variations to the mass air flow during an engine cycle. The wave shapes of these variations are not predictable, and wave shape factor and/or synchronous sampling techniques are therefore not effective to provide accurate mass air flow determinations based on more limited measurement information. To obtain the air "charge" (trapped air mass) in a cylinder combustion chamber under these circumstances, the air flow may be integrated (e.g., with respect to time) for each cylinder "event" (e.g., intake stroke) using a sufficiently large number of sufficiently high resolution samples to yield an accurate air mass determination.
One attempt to filter (integrate) the flow signal using analog circuitry introduced large errors attributable to the non-linear nature of the Vout signal. Difficulties with this method can be demonstrated by providing a somewhat simplified but nevertheless illustrative example. The following Table I provides the transform for a typical mass air flow sensor:
TABLE I______________________________________Sensor CalibrationMass Air Flowkg/hr Sensor VoltageX Y______________________________________13.0000 0.48500 15.00000 0.55500 20.00000 0.71700 25.00000 0.84200 30.00000 0.94000 35.00000 1.02400 40.00000 1.10400 45.00000 1.18200 50.00000 1.25600 60.00000 1.39400 70.00000 1.52000 80.00000 1.63500 90.00000 1.74100100.00000 1.83900110.00000 1.92900130.00000 2.09400150.00000 2.24000160.00000 2.30800170.00000 2.37200180.00000 2.43500190.00000 2.49400200.00000 2.55300210.00000 2.60900230.00000 2.71500250.00000 2.81200270.00000 2.90900300.00000 3.04400350.00000 3.25200400.00000 3.44200450.00000 3.61500500.00000 3.77600550.00000 3.92900600.00000 4.07300650.00000 4.20900700.00000 4.33600750.00000 4.45800850.00000 4.69200______________________________________
The left-hand (X) column sets forth mass air flow in kg/hour, and the right-hand (Y) column indicates the corresponding mass air flow sensor output voltage Vout (in volts) for an exemplary mass air flow sensor.
Assume for purposes of this example a simplified combustion cylinder air intake waveform in which the flow is 600 kg/hr for 1/2 second and then drops to 30 kg/hr for 1/2 second. The correct average (integrated) value of mass air flow during the one second sample period would then be given by:
(600 kg/hr * 0.5 seconds)+(30 kg/hr * 0.5 seconds) =315 kg/hr * sec.
If the corresponding voltages Vout from Table I are referenced, it will be seen that 600 kg/hr corresponds to an output voltage Vout of 4.073 V, and 30 kg/hr corresponds to a sensor output voltage Vout of 0.940 V.
Integrating these voltages Vout over time yields the following result:
(4.073 V * 0.5 sec)+(0.940 V * 0.5 sec) =2.507 volts sec.
From Table I (using interpolation), 2.506 volts corresponds to only 193 kg/hr- This represents an error of 39% with respect to the actual value of 313 kg/hr. FIG. 2 shows these values superimposed on the exemplary sensor transfer function curve shown in FIG. 1. The error arises because of the non-linear nature of the Vout signal. Accordingly, it is desirable to linearize the signal so as to eliminate non-linearity.
It is generally known to linearize a non-linear analog signal by converting the non-linear signal to a digital value and to then map or convert (e.g., using a look-up table stored in a read only memory device) the resulting digital value into a linearized value. Unfortunately, when the Vout signal from a mass air flow sensor is converted to the digital domain for subsequent digital processing, special attention to accuracy of the lower end of the scale is required to obtain adequate resolution due to the fourth-order characteristic of the sensor transfer function (see the "crowding" of points on the portions of the FIG. 1 curves corresponding to flows less than 250 kg/hour, for example). Thus, a high cost, higher resolution digital-to-analog (D/A) converter is typically required to obtain the resolution required (even though the higher resolution is really only required on the lower end of the scale).
The present invention provides an improved electronic internal combustion engine control system and technique which more effectively utilize measured mass air flow.
In accordance with one feature of the invention, a lower cost non-linear A/D converter (e.g., of the type commonly used in the communications field) can be used to convert an analog output signal produced by a mass air flow sensor into a digital signal. Such A/D converters offer higher resolution at lower cost, but also introduce further non-linearities into an already non-linear signal. In accordance with this feature of the present invention, the digital output of the A/D converter is applied to a look-up table (e.g., implemented by a ROM storing predetermined mapping information) containing linearizing information at each memory location. The linearizing information is defined by the combined functions of: (a) conversion to linearize the output of the mass air flow sensor, and (b) further conversion to eliminate the non-linearities introduced by the non-linear A/D converter. Thus, the two functions required to obtain a linear digital signal can be combined into a single look-up table--saving resources (memory and time) in the processing of the digital signal.
An electronic circuit thus accepts a non-linear analog signal from a Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor and converts it to a digital signal by means of a linear or non-linear analog to digital (A/D) converter. The digital signal may then be processed by a two-dimensional look-up table which includes corrections for the MAF sensor non-linearity and additional corrections for non-linearity of the A/D converter. This linearized MAF signal is then integrated or averaged to provide air mass per engine event or average mass air flow during an event. This circuit is useful in obtaining better accuracy in fuel management systems that use MAF sensors, particularly if variable valve control is included as part of the control system. The look-up table and integrator can be easily implemented in a digital signal processor or microcontroller.
Digital linearized flow is thus integrated in the preferred embodiment of the present invention by summing samples taken at regular fixed engine positions, and by dividing by the number of samples to obtain average flow over the cycle. Alternatively, the sample may be multiplied by the time between samples and summed to obtain total air mass for the cycle. If total mass per cycle is desired and the sampling rate is constant rate (not fixed engine degrees), then the samples can be summed over the cycle and the resulting sum may be multiplied by the fixed sampling time (thereby saving a multiplication per sample).
The present invention also provides an improved technique for accurately controlling various functions of an internal combustion engine using electronically measured mass air flow into the engine. A microprocessor based electronic control unit (ECU) may receive input signals from a mass air flow sensor (MAFS) as well as other engine operating parameters (e.g., engine speed or period, coolant temperature, throttle position, etc.). An engine load factor (representing the trapped mass of air in a given combustion chamber) is calculated by multiplying the MAFS signal with the engine period. This load factor better utilizes the MAFS output--giving a result similar to the commonly used manifold pressure without the need for such a special sensor. The load factor may then be used to program spark timing, correct the fuel pulse width, program idle/deceleration air, program acceleration enrichment/deceleration enleanment and deceleration fuel cutoff, bias closed loop control, and/or other control functions using conventional engine control algorithms.
These and other features and advantages of the present invention may be better and more completely understood by referring to the following detailed description of a presently preferred exemplary embodiment in conjunction with the sheets of FIGS. of which:
FIG. 1 is a graphical illustration of a typical transfer function of an exemplary mass air flow sensor;
FIG. 2 is a graphical illustration of the results of one analog averaging technique that might be used to process the signal provided by the FIG. 1 transfer function;
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of an exemplary electronic engine control system in accordance with the presently preferred exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graphical illustration of interpolation along line segments performed by the exemplary integrator shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a graphical illustration of a further exemplary integration process performed by a preferred embodiment integrator shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a graphical illustration of an exemplary three-dimensional plot of a fuel correction factor provided by the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 3.
FIGS. 7 and 8 are graphical illustrations of actual measured test results provided by a preferred embodiment; and
FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of exemplary program control steps performed by a microprocessor-based electronic engine control system in the preferred embodiment so as to calculate engine "load factor" and use such a calculated value to control an internal combustion engine.
FIG. 3 is a detailed schematic block diagram of a presently preferred exemplary embodiment of an internal combustion engine system 10 in accordance with the present invention. Engine system 10 includes a conventional internal combustion engine 12 and associated support components (the combination of the engine 12 and its support components is referred to herein as "the engine system 10"). Engine 12 may include a plurality of cylinders each having an associated piston. The pistons reciprocate in response to rotation of the engine crankshaft, as is well known. Intake and exhaust valves also coupled to the crankshaft (e.g., via a camshaft) open and close at predetermined crankshaft rotation positions as is well known.
A mass air flow meter or sensor (MAFS) 14 is conventionally disposed (e.g., within an intake manifold or passage, throttle body, or the like) to measure the instantaneous mass of air flowing into engine 12. MAFS 14 produces an output signal Vout indicative of the mass of air flowing into the engine. MAFS 14 provides signal Vout to an electronic engine control unit (ECU) 16, which processes the signal and generates engine control signals in response to the Vout signal. Such engine control signals may, for example, control the fuel injector system (not shown) of engine 12 to deliver fuel to the engine cylinders in appropriate amounts (e.g., for appropriate durations).
ECU 16 receives additional input signals relating to the operation of engine 12 such as, for example, an engine position signal indicative of the angular position of the engine crankshaft. This engine position signal may for example be provided by a conventional shaft encoder or magnetic sensor arrangement which produces a pulse each time the engine crankshaft rotates through an additional preset angle (as those skilled in this art well know). This engine position signal may be used in the preferred embodiment to indicate the occurrence and durations of engine events such as cylinder events, as will be explained shortly.
ECU 16 in the preferred embodiment includes an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter 20, a "linear function" block 22, an integrator block 24, a real time clock 26, and an "engine management unit" 28. In one preferred embodiment, A/D converter 20, linear function block 22, and integrator 24 process the MAF signal provided by MAFS 14 and provide a digital value representing "load factor" (e.g., the air "charge" or total mass of air that has flowed into the engine corresponding to a particular engine event such as, for example, the intake stroke of a given engine cylinder).
Engine management unit 28 in the preferred embodiment comprises a conventional (e.g., microprocessor based) digital signal processor appropriately preprogrammed to perform conventional engine management/control algorithms and to generate and provide engine control signals in accordance with those algorithms. One portion of the conventional engine management/control algorithm preferably performed by engine management unit 28 in the preferred embodiment involves conventional control of the engine 12 fuel delivery (e.g., fuel injection) system in response to the load factor signal provided by integrator 24. However, as will be understood, the engine control signals provided by engine management unit 28 may control many other engine operating parameters in addition to engine fuel delivery system parameters (and some of these additional engine operating parameters may also be responsive to the "load factor" signal).
In the preferred embodiment, the engine management unit 28 is entirely conventional and performs engine management and fuel delivery control algorithms which are conventional and well known to those skilled in this art. Such conventional engine management and fuel delivery control algorithms may include, for example, control of ignition spark timing, correction of fuel pulse width, control of idle/deceleration air intake, control of acceleration enrichment/deceleration enleanment, providing deceleration fuel cutoff, providing closed loop control bias, and the like as is well known.
In the preferred embodiment, MAFS 14 comprises a conventional hot wire anemometer type mass air flow sensor which provides a voltage output level Vout indicative of instantaneous mass air flow. For example, MAFS 14 may have a transfer function of the type shown in FIG. 1 and thereby provide output voltage Vout having the following relationship with mass air flow X:
X=A(Vout -B)4 (1)
where Vout is the sensor voltage, A is the sensor gain, and B is the sensor offset voltage (typically nearly constant).
In the preferred embodiment, A/D converter 20 may have a desired sampling rate (which sampling rate may if desired be synchronized with engine rotation in response to the "position" signal provided by engine 12) and resolution (e.g., 8 bits or the like).
To provide additional resolution, it may be desirable to connect two different A/D converters essentially "in parallel" to provide a "low air" digital value and a "high air" digital value. For example, suppose the output voltage range of MAFS 14 is 0-6 volts. This voltage could be multiplied by a factor of 5/6 (e.g., using a conventional precision operational amplifier or similar active or inactive analog circuit having a gain of 5/6) to obtain a 0-5 volt signal, and could also be further multiplied by a factor of 2 to provide a signal 0 to 10 volts, which is then limited to a maximum of 5.00 volts range. When this signal is fed to a 0 to 5.00 A/D converter, the effective resolution of the lower half of the original signal is essentially doubled. These two signals may then each be converted to digital form independently using different conventional A/D converters (one having an input voltage range of 0-5 V and the other having an input voltage range of 0-0.5 V) to provide "low air" and "high air" signals. The "low air" digital signal could be linearized by block 22 for low mass air flow values (e.g., 0-250 cfm in 1023 steps), and the "high air" digital signal could be linearized by block 22 for higher mass air flows (e.g., 0-250 cfm in 255 steps --that is, -1000 cfm in 1023 steps). In this way, two different "ranges" may be provided using off the shelf standard, inexpensive A/D converters (somewhat like standard digital voltmeters provide different voltage "ranges" and provide additional resolution for lower voltage ranges). If desired, both signals may be linearized and presented to integrator block 24, which in turn may integrate both signals independently to provide two different integrated values. The appropriate integrated value (low or high) may then be selected and processed by engine management unit 28 depending upon the magnitude of the mass air flow.
The "linear function" block 22 accepts a digital coded voltage signal from A/D converter 20 and generates a digital signal which represents the linearized mass air flow. In one embodiment, the linear function block 22 comprises a microprocessor (or a time-shared portion of the same microprocessor used to provide digital signal processing within engine management unit 28) appropriately programmed to perform the calculation of the sensor transfer function set forth above (X=A(Vout -B)4) and solving for X based on predetermined programmed values for B and A (these values are associated with the particular MAFS 14 used). One advantage of using this calculation is that it requires only one subtraction (to calculate Vout -B) (see FIG. 9 block 104) and three multiplications (to calculate (Vout -B)2, (Vout -B)3, and (Vout -B)4) (see FIG. 9 block 106), which makes it a very fast calculation to implement and perform using a standard conventional microprocessor, bit slice processor or the like with mathematical calculation capabilities. Implementation of this calculation using an off-the-shelf microprocessor is straight-forward and well within the capabilities of one of ordinary skill in this art.
In an alternate preferred embodiment of the present invention, A/D converter 20 may comprise a conventional non-linear type (e.g., "companding") A/D converter of the type widely used in the communications field and linear function block 22 may comprise a read only memory (ROM) or similar microprocessor or digital signal processor based look-up process. This type of companding A/D converter has good resolution at the lower end of the scale, but introduces an additional (predictable and well-defined) non-linearity into the digitized signal. Linear function block 22 may comprise a read only memory device addressed by the parallel output bits generated by A/D converter and storing predetermined linearizing information specified with regard to both the fourth-order transfer function of the MAFS 14 and the non-linear transfer function of A/D converter 20. In one specific exemplary arrangement, a ROM device would be programmed to store in each of its locations a digital word determined experimentally, empirically and/or by calculation so as to convert the digitized voltage output of A/D converter 20 into a linearized digital value representing mass air flow. TABLE I above sets forth one exemplary set of linearization information that might be combined with additional linearization information corresponding to a particular non-linear A/D converter 20 transfer function to provide the contents for a look-up table referenced by linear function block 22.
In this embodiment, a linear mass air flow signal is, in effect, obtained by storing and referencing the end points of straight line segments approximating the MAFS 14 transfer function (as corrected for by any additional non-linearities introduced by A/D converter 20). Only line segment end points are stored in the look-up table and referenced, since the A/D conversion process performed by A/D converter 20 inherently discards input information between the end points and automatically approximates to the closest end point. FIG. 4 shows how intermediate points are effectively interpolated along line segments by the A/D conversion and look-up process.
Integrator 24 receives the linearized digital air flow signal provided by linear function block 22 and may derive from that signal a mass air flow value integrated with respect to engine position, time, or both. In the preferred embodiment, integrator 24 may be a microprocessor or other digital processor (e.g., a PERI64); or it may be a time shared portion of another processor, e.g., the processor within engine management unit 28. Integrator 24 is appropriately programmed to perform a desired integration function.
In one embodiment, integration is performed at fixed engine positions as indicated by the "position" signal provided by engine 12. For example, each time the engine crankshaft rotates by a predetermined angle such as one degree of engine rotation, integrator 24 may sum linearized air mass. Integrator 24 may thus perform the following calculation: ##EQU2## where Y is the average mass air flow during a cylinder event, Yi is the linear mass air flow sample, and n is the number of samples for each cylinder event and is equal to the total number of samples for a complete engine cycle divided by the number of cylinders the engine has.
Since n is a fixed number of a particular engine system 10 design, it can be considered a scaling factor of the average mass air flow. For the example of one (1) degree sample rate and four (4) engine cylinders, after each 180 degrees of rotation the average mass air flow rate may be presented to engine management unit 28 and a new average may then be accumulated.
In another embodiment, integrator 24 may integrate the linearized mass air flow signal with respect to time for one cylinder event to obtain the cylinder air "charge" (i.e., the trapped mass of air within the combustion chamber just after the intake valve closes). An exemplary equation for simple rectangle integration is: ##EQU3## where Y is the air mass, Xi is the linearized mass air flow sample, and ti is the sample time interval.
FIG. 5 shows an exemplary graphical interpretation for the equation set forth above. In the preferred embodiment, the time period between samples is preferably fixed as determined by real time clock 26 (although the calculation could just as easily be implemented if desired to provide different time intervals between samples such that t0≠t1 ≠t2. . . ).
The calculated trapped air mass can be used as a "load factor" of the engine to provide similar results as may be obtained by measuring and using intake manifold pressure--this eliminating the need to measure intake manifold pressure directly. This calculated load factor is automatically compensated for the volumetric efficiency of the engine.
A special case of mass air flow integration with respect to time particularly useful if engine 12 has fixed valve timing is where a synchronous mass air flow sample is taken for each cylinder event and is then multiplied by the period of the cylinder event. This engine load factor can be very useful in engine control algorithms where the load factor and engine speed are used to index a three dimensional look-up table to determine an operating parameter such as fuel schedule or spark advance. FIG. 6 shows a typical three-dimensional plot corresponding to fuel correction factors developed by referencing such a look-up table. A conventional approach uses similar three-dimensional look-up tables with manifold pressure and engine speed as independent variables for the look-up.
FIGS. 7 and 8 are graphical illustrations of actual experimental results obtained with an exemplary test engine system 10 of the type shown in FIG. 3 wherein engine 12 was a 1.9 liter engine. FIG. 7 plots air (vacuum) pressure in Torr versus numerical values for both linearized mass air flow ("flow") and integrated mass air flow ("PAIR") for two different engine speeds: 2000 rpm and 5000 rpm. Mass air flow from MAFS 14 was converted into an 8-bit digital value (FF hex=250 cfm) by A/D converter 20 and linearized using a look-up table (wherein each entry of the table comprised an 8-bit value with a weighting of 5.625 per bit+60 offset corresponding to the particular MAFS 14 used). This value was then integrated into the 8-bit values shown plotted and labelled "PAIR". Engine speed was measured and converted to an 8-bit value using a conventional speed sensing arrangement in which each bit is weighted to 25 rpm. FIG. 8 is a similar plot of experimentally measured pressure (Torr) versus (linearized) mass air flow (Torr/second or other time period) for five different engine speeds in rpm: 1500, 2000, 2500, 3500 and 4500.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart of exemplary program control steps performed by a microcontroller or other digital signal processor in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention. A/D converter 20 may be controlled to sample the output
Vout of MAFS 14 upon each occurrence of a pulse from engine 12 representing 1 degree of engine crankshaft rotation (block 102). An appropriately programmed digital signal processor may then linearize the digital output of A/D converter 20 using the calculation mentioned above (block 104,106)--as alternatively, the digital output may be linearized as described using a look-up process. The linearized output may then be summed (added) into a temporary storage location S (block 108).
It is then determined whether the engine event cycle of interest is over (block 110). For example, it may be determined whether the engine 12 crankshaft has rotated 720 degrees (corresponding to one complete engine cycle) or an appropriate angle corresponding to a cylinder event (e.g., 180� for a 4-cylinder engine. If the engine cycle of interest is not yet completed, blocks 100-108 are repeated for each degree at crankshaft rotation until the engine cycle is completed.
The summed value S may then be further processed to provide integrated mass air flow for a desired engine event. In the example shown, S may be acquired over 720 degrees of crankshaft rotation and then divided by the number of cylinders of engine 12 to provide on average "load factor"--the amount of air trapped within each cylinder at the end of the cylinder intake stroke (block 112). Engine management unit 28 may then calculate a fuel correction factor (and/or other engine control parameters) based on this processed value S (block 114) using conventional three-dimensional analysis (in conjunction with measured engine RPM) if desired. The temporary storage location S is cleared in preparation for the next engine cycle (block 116) and blocks 100-116 are repeated.
While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 26, 1990
Owner name: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, A CORP. OF THE FEDERAL
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:WEISSLER, HAROLD E. II;SHIREY, BENJAMIN G.;REEL/FRAME:005284/0662;SIGNING DATES FROM 19900110 TO 19900111
Owner name: SIEMENS AUTOMOTIVE L.P., A LIMITED PARTNERSHIP OF
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:WEISSLER, HAROLD E. II;SHIREY, BENJAMIN G.;REEL/FRAME:005284/0662;SIGNING DATES FROM 19900110 TO 19900111
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Effective date: 19950125


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Update: video of this lecture is available here. Amid the moon-like landscape of the Sinai, the Holy Monastery of Saint Catherine has stood unfailing for 17 centuries, unaltered by invasion or conquest. Imagine a place rooted in the ancient world… More»
Color for Healing
This sanitorium (tuberculosis hospital) in Paimio, Finland, was designed by architect Alvar Aalto in the 1920s. Unlike many hospitals, it was full of bright colors—including welcoming yellow on the main stairs and calming green for ceilings above bedridden patients. Aalto even created special chairs to open the chest and speed healing.
The building's colors were mostly whitewashed later in the 20th century, but now—due to a grant from the Getty Foundation as part of its Keeping It Modern initiative—its colors are being reconstructed and the building preserved for the future.
More of the story: Saving Alvar Aalto's Paimio Sanitorium
Pictured: Paimio Sanatorium, patients' wing and solarium terraces. Photo: Maija Holma, Alvar Aalto Museum. A color model for Paimio Sanatorium interiors by decorative artist Eino Kauria. Photo: Maija Holma, Alvar Aalto Museum, 2016.Paimio chairs (Artek no 41) in the Paimio Sanatorium lecture room, 1930s. Photo: Gustaf Welin, Alvar Aalto Museum. Aino Aalto resting in a chair on the solarium terrace. Photo: Alvar Aalto, Alvar Aalto Museum, 1930s. Main stairs of Paimio Sanatorium. Photo: Maija Holma, Alvar Aalto Museum.

subset: commoncrawl


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This video is about a red-necked grebe, in Starrevaart nature reserve in the Netherlands.
Ab van der Burg made this video.
This video is about a red-necked grebe, in Starrevaart nature reserve in the Netherlands.
Ab van der Burg made this video.
This video shows male adders 'dancing' during the mating season.
The snake able to continue dancing for the longest time will mate with the female.
Tonny Groenhof-de Jager from the Netherlands made this 2 May 2016 video.
After 20 April 2016 came 21 April 2016. Probably the highlight of our stay in beautiful Extremadura in Spain. The day we saw this hoopoe.
Before that, at a filling station, a black kite, a house martin and a great egret flying.
We went to the Belén steppes (east of Trujillo).
Two lakelets. In the first lakelet, two black-winged stilts. In the second lakelet behind it, a cattle egret. And a female northern wheatear on the bank.
A barn swallow.
A crested lark on a fence. Spotless starlings.
Then, the hoopoe I mentioned. On the same pile of rocks, a little owl as well.
A corn bunting on a fence.
And a corn bunting on a rock.
Then, a booted eagle flying. It tries to catch a hoopoe; in vain.
However, a second booted eagle does catch a second hoopoe.
Then, a crested lark on a fence along the road.
Another bird on the fence on the other side of the road. A really special bird: a great spotted cuckoo. This species is only rarely seen, so we are lucky. They are bigger than common cuckoos. Like their relatives, great spotted cuckoos are nest parasites. But contrary to their relatives, young great spotted cuckoos don't chuck out the eggs of their hosts. According to recent research, having a young great spotted cuckoo in one's nest may even benefit carrion crows. On the Belén plain are no carrion crows. Great spotted cuckoo females here lay their eggs in eg, the nests of common magpies.
When we look to the fence on the other side again, a male whinchat sits there.
A short-toed snake eagle flying.
A red kite.
Spanish sparrows on a fence.
On a tree, scores of bee-eaters; and jackdaws as well.
A white stork on a meadow.
A calandra lark on a dirt road.
On the next meadow, three griffon vultures and two cinereous vultures.
And let us also not forget the many spring flowers of the Belén steppe.
Stay tuned, for more Extremadura birds!
This video from Britain says about itself:
5 May 2016
Swallows' Nest at Hayle Bird Hide – Birds Flying in Slow Motion
Video Produced by Paul Dinning – Wildlife in Cornwall
This video from the Netherlands says about itself (translated):
May 2, 2016
Ton Esmeijer made an insect hotel where builder bees lay their eggs. They close the stem openings with a mixture of sand and saliva.
This video by Jarinka Heijink from the Netherlands says about itself (translated):
"Last Thursday I was walking in the forest when I suddenly saw a young red fox of 2-3 weeks old. Because it was so young and weak and I heard more foxes further away in a grove, I called the animal ambulance. They came to the conclusion that probably the mother fox had died, and the baby foxes went looking for food outside the den. We found four fox cubs. The employees of Dierenambulance Lower Rhine have taken the foxes to a shelter, so they can safely convalesce.
The video shows two of the four cubs and is very special because they do not come out of the den normally at this age."
Jarinka has let us know that things now go well for the foxes.
They will be freed when they will be old enough to survive in the wild.
This video about Spain is called Hiker gets the shock of his life after stumbling across 230 million-year-old [pre-]dinosaur footprint.
By Lee Moran:
Hiker Happens Upon Prehistoric Footprint Of 230-Million-Year-Old Reptile
The fossil features details of the dinosaur-like creature's claw and skin.
05/03/2016 08:38 am ET
It's a trek that they'll never forget.
A hiker walking in hills near Barcelona, northeastern Spain, stumbled upon a fossilized footprint believed to belong to a reptile-like ancestor of the dinosaurs. The extinct creature, called Isochirotherium, roamed the Earth during the Middle Triassic period some 230 million years ago.
It's the "best preserved print ever found in the Iberian Peninsula," reports the Spanish news agency EFE.
Catalonia's autonomous regional government confirmed the find on Monday. It was discovered near Olesa de Montserrat, 25 miles north of Barcelona, on Apr. 22.
Olesa de Montserrat town council made a plaster cast of the print, according to the local newspaper La Vanguardia. The regional Department of Culture's archaeology and paleontology service is examining the fossilized print.
Eudald Mujal, a paleontologist at Barcelona's Autonomous University, said it was "exceptionally well preserved" and even "retains details of claw and skin."
He told The Local that the now Isochirotherium was part of the archosaur group of animals. They were "similar to crocodiles, of quadrupedal gait, but with longer limbs," and a more erect posture Mujal, said.


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[November 07, 2012]
Jeff DeTroye Joins Analytical Graphics, Inc.
(Marketwire Via Acquire Media NewsEdge) EXTON, PA -- (Marketwire) -- 11/07/12 -- AGI, the developer of commercially available software for the space, defense and intelligence industries, today announced that it has hired Jeff DeTroye. DeTroye is a retired CIA officer and former Commander, National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) Aerospace Data Facility - East, the largest NRO ground station. He will serve as AGI's vice president for special programs. DeTroye brings almost 20 years of senior executive managerial and leadership experience in both the government and industry, with expertise in management and execution of spaceflight operations, space systems acquisition and acquisition and operation of complex IT systems.
"Jeff has been an innovator within the intelligence community and was recognized by General Bruce Carlson, the previous director of the NRO, as well as Ms. Betty Sapp, the current director, for his efforts to bring space reconnaissance into the 21st century. His experience managing the operations of NRO spacecraft will help AGI provide innovative and affordable solutions to the intelligence community," says Paul Graziani, AGI CEO. "New initiatives are pushing the current art to be more effective and responsive to our nation's decision makers, intel analysts and warfighters. Our products can play a major role in helping achieve new levels of performance. Jeff will help us focus our capabilities where our customers' needs are the greatest." DeTroye's 30-plus year career includes almost a decade with the United States Air Force working in space operations and NRO acquisition programs; 12 years with NASA at the Johnson Space Center in Shuttle Mission Operations and the Space Station Program Office; several years in industry; and, for the last decade, working for the CIA on NRO satellite operations. While in the Air Force, DeTroye trained to be a space shuttle crewman as a manned spaceflight engineer, and while with NASA, led a team to Clipperton Island for the NASA/ESA Ariane 5 reentry observation project. He holds an M.S. from the University of Houston and a B.S. in astronautical engineering from the US Air Force Academy.
About AGIAnalytical Graphics, Inc. (AGI) delivers software applications and development tools for timely and cost-effective development and deployment of space, defense and intelligence missions. AGI products are used for modeling, engineering and operations in the areas of space, cyberspace, aircraft, missile defense, C4ISR and electronic systems. For more information, visit www.agi.com.
Add to Digg Bookmark with del.icio.us Add to Newsvine Contact: Stefanie Claypoole AGI Corporate Communications Manager Email Contact 1.610.981.8167 Source: Analytical Graphics, Inc.
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Who are the stars in your life? Make a star cookie or cake for your favorite hero--someone who is special to you! The first design is a star shaped cake that can be personalized with a name. Then, Nancy demonstrates printing techniques. Last are stars on parade cookies. Candy and cookies combine for patterned designs in every color and design for a portable party treat.
Wednesday, May 18 at 6:00 am on Create
Wednesday, May 18 at 12:00 pm on Create
Thursday, May 19 at 12:00 am on Create
Funding for Bake Decorate Celebrate! is provided in part by:


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Welcome to the Cincinnati Cocoa Developers!
Continuous Integration
- Atomic Robot
- 5155 Financial Way, Suite #10, Mason, OH (map)
Hosted by: Alex R. (Organizer)
This Meetup repeats on the 1st Thursday of every month
Intro to UI Design for Developers 3 going Thu Jun 2 6:15 PM CincyCocoaDev Meetup 1 going Thu Jul 7 6:15 PM CincyCocoaDev Meetup 1 going Thu Aug 4 6:15 PM
Recent Meetups
April 7 · 6:15 PMRxSwiftReacting to Complexity in an iOS app Today's apps go well beyond the venerable tip calculator and thus they must maintain complex state. What happens when that state... Learn more
March 3 · 6:15 PMUI Test Automation with XcodeThe Xcode team delivered a brand new UI Testing framework with the release of Xcode 7 last year. Join us as we investigate it and demonstrate what it brings to the... Learn more
February 17 · 9:15 AMQueen City Mobile SummitBrought to you by ACT | The App Association, POSSIBLE, and the Brandery, the Queens City Mobile Summit will bring together leaders in the mobile marketplace for a... Learn more
February 4 · 6:15 PMCloudKit - Taking Your App into the CloudIn iOS 8 and 9, Apple has continued to make CloudKit easier to use and more functional. CloudKit can serve as a data store for your application's data, including... Learn more
January 7 · 6:15 PMImplementing AccessibilityThere are a large number of users with disabilities which prevent them from fully utilizing our apps. Implementing Accessibility support in your apps allows you to reach... Learn more
- See all past Meetups


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Birmingham Barons Scout Night
05/15/10 - 05/15/10
Come and enjoy Minor Leauge baseball at its best. The Birmingham Baron Scout night will be held on May 15 at Regions Park in Hoover. Gates open at 5:00 with the game starting at 6:30. For more information on this event to include prices, ordering information and other important information, please click HERE!!!
Spring Camporee - (04/29/16)
Spring Camporee - (04/30/16)
Spring Camporee - (05/01/16)
District Committee Meeting - (05/05/16)View all Events >
There is no news availableView all News >


text: AdChoices Terms of Use Privacy Policy Hide VIDEO Sex and Dating How To Get Dumped: 8 Be A Bad Date How To Get Dumped: 8 Be A Bad Date How To Get Dumped: Be A Bad Date March 8, 2014 Share Tweet 0 Shares There's nothing sexier than a man who is late to dinner, wears sweatpants to a fancy restaurant, and doesn't offer to pay for the bill. Turn yourself into the date from hell, and before you know it, Niagara will look like a slow drip compared to what's going on her southern front. There will only be so much of your bad date antics she can take before she's running from you at a pace that would make Usain Bolt look like a baby sloth. Just make sure you skew a little bit more towards pathetic date than bad-boy date, because you don't want to accidentally make her even more interested in you. Breaking Up Relationship Killer how to Breakups Comments Share your opinion Your name


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£1,200,000 Offers in Region of
Offers in Region of £1,200,000
6 bedroom property for sale Coopers Hill, AlvechurchA CHARMING AND IDYLLIC VICTORIAN DETACHED SIX BEDROOMED GENTLEMAN'S RESIDENCE set within manicured grounds on outskirts of Barnt Green/Alvechurch with panoramic views of the countryside. More details ›
Added on 05/04/2016 by Robert Oulsnam & Company, Barnt Green. Call: 0121 396 0598 Local call rate
Residential Development for sale Land at Callow Hill Road, B48 7LSA POTENTIAL RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT SITE with an indicative dwelling capacity of 52 dwellings (subject to planning). Situated in Alvechurch, a DESIRABLE VILLAGE located within the Bromsgrove District of Worcestershire. More details ›
£599,950 Guide Price
Guide Price £599,950
4 bedroom character property for sale Callow Hill Road, AlvechurchViewing is essential at this stunning canal side property. Hidden away on the edge of the village is this delightful property boasting both charm and character. Enjoying a canal side views; this recently renovated large 4 bedroom property comprises of Kitchen Diner with a range of wall and base ... More details ›
Reduced on 17/03/2016 by Darren Blower Estate Agents, Alvechurch . Call: 0121 396 0101 Local call rate
5 bedroom detached house for sale Grange Lane, Alvechurch*TRADITIONAL DETACHED FAMILY HOME *DESIRABLE SEMI-RURAL LOCATION *5 BEDROOMS *DECEPTIVELY SPACIOUS & FLEXIBLE ACCOMMODATION *LANDSCAPED GARDENS AND PRIVATE ORCHARD More details ›
Added on 25/04/2016 by Allan Morris, Barnt Green. Call: 0121 396 0605 Local call rate
3 bedroom terraced house for sale Withybed Lane, Alvechurch, Birmingham, B48 7RFA delightful three bedroom terraced cottage, situated in an idyllic location overlooking the local canal to the front and surrounding countryside views to the rear in Alvechurch. The accommodation, which is one of six cottages settled within a gated complex, features:- Parking Facilities, Hallway... More details ›
£350,000 Offers in Excess of
Offers in Excess of £350,000
3 bedroom cottage for sale Meadow Lane, Alvechurch, WorcestershireA beautifully presented three bedroomed cottage situated in the popular Village of Alvechurch. The Cottage has been restored to a high standard and is a must see. More details ›
Reduced on 01/03/2016 by Robert Oulsnam & Company, Barnt Green. Call: 0121 396 0598 Local call rate
3 bedroom semi-detached house for sale Callow Hill Road, BirminghamA very well presented three bedroom semi detached property set in the popular area of Alvechurch. The property has been maintained to a very high standard. Property briefly comprises entrance hall, two reception rooms, extended kitchen, garage, three good sized bedrooms, bathroom comprising of ba... More details ›
5 bedroom semi-detached house for sale Latimer Road, Alvechurch, BirminghamOffered for sale is this five bedroom semi detached house in the sought after village of Alvechurch.The property is within walking distance of local amenities and the train station. The property benefits from a driveway, lounge diner, kitchen with breakfast bar, five bedrooms, two bathrooms, gara... More details ›
£305,000 Offers in Region of
Offers in Region of £305,000
4 bedroom detached house for sale The Buckleys, AlvechurchThis generous four bed detached property set within the popular village of Alvechurch. Offered with no upward chain. More details ›
Added on 30/03/2016 by Robert Oulsnam & Company, Barnt Green. Call: 0121 396 0598 Local call rate
2 bedroom cottage for sale Red Lion Street, AlvechurchA delightful Grade II listed cottage situated in the heart of the village and having an abundance of character with beams throughout. Comprising of downstairs a Reception Dining Room with Inglenook fireplace, a Breakfast Kitchen with a range of wall and base units and a Double Bedroom with fitted... More details ›
Reduced on 11/03/2016 by Darren Blower Estate Agents, Alvechurch . Call: 0121 396 0101 Local call rate
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Get to see what my babies are today!! Anyone else going in today?!
Anyone else Anatomy scans today??!!!
Posted 08/05/2014
Posted 08/05/2014
Me! I had mine this morning (over the other side of the world). Was so nice to see the little guy
Posted 08/05/2014
Me! In 2 hours and I can not wait!!! We found out its a girl 4 weeks ago but I'm still so excited for hubby and me to be able to see her for such a long time! :)
Posted 08/05/2014
Me! Finally the wait will be over!
Stefanie (30) DH (32)
DS (11) DD (9) DD 7 weeks and growing!
Posted 08/05/2014
Couldn't sleep because I'm too anxious! 12:15pm seems like an eternity from now!
Posted 08/05/2014
Me! 10:30 EST. It was supposed to be now but they moved the appointment back.
DS born 7/21/12 (·Y·)
Me: 32, DH: 34
DS born 7/21/12 (·Y·)
DD born 12/22/14
4 m/c, birth, non-tubal ECP
Posted 08/05/2014
Mine is at 10. Team green but excited to make sure things are going well.
Posted 08/05/2014
Yep! But were not finding out gender until Wednesday night at the reveal party!!
Learn more
Look how far your child has come.
Review your child's growth milestones.
Read about 15 months : Week 4.
Your growing child
Your 16-month-old: Week 1
Your child's understanding of the world is growing rapidly. Read More
Your 16-month-old: Week 2
Your toddler is beginning to develop a sense of what's okay and what's not. Read More
Your 16-month-old: Week 3
Sometime between 15 and 18 months, your toddler's likely to drop the morning nap. Read More
Your 16-month-old: Week 4
Toddlers are funny – even when they're doing something they shouldn't. Read More
Your 17-month-old: Week 1
If "no" hasn't already become her favorite word, she'll begin using it with a vengeance. Read More
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Get a glimpse of what's to come.
Read about 17 months : Week 2.


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Prendergast said he will recommend Al Carter, the Veterans' Affairs deputy executive director, as his replacement.Read More »
Despite Vetoed Bill, Perry Will Continue to Fight for Advisory Board
Gov. Rick Scott vetoed House Bill 1355, which would give Gainesville residents a chance to vote to create a self-governing Gainesville Regional Utilities board. If approved, the board would have consisted of five members who would each be paid an $18,000 annual salary. The salary was one of the main reasons Gov. Scott vetoed the bill.Read More »
State Drops Cases Against Planned Parenthood Clinics
After a new abortion law was signed by Gov. Rick Scott Friday, the state Agency for Health Care Administration has dismissed cases alleging Planned Parenthood clinics performed second-trimester abortions without proper licenses. The clinics, however, said they had not performed any illegal procedures and the agency used a shifting definition of what constitutes the first trimester of pregnancy to bring the allegations.Read More »
Gov. Rick Scott Signs New Abortion Bill Into Law
The bill prohibits state money for any service by an organization that also provides abortions. It will affect half a dozen clinics, including Planned Parenthood facilities that serve the poor under Medicaid and other federal programs.Read More »
Scott Approves Medical Marijuana For Terminally Ill
The expansion of the Right To Try Act will allow dying Florida patients access to non-FDA approved medical marijuana starting July 1.Read More »
Florida Gov. Scott Signs 33 Bills Into Law
Florida Gov. Rick Scott signed the 33 bills into law, according to a news release from his office.Read More »
Scott Signs Bills For 'Rape Kit' Testing, Needle Exchange
Gov. Rick Scott on Wednesday signed nine bills, including a high-profile measure requiring local law-enforcement agencies to submit "rape kits" to be tested. Until Wednesday, Florida had not required law-enforcement agencies to submit rape kits for testingRead More »
Florida Gov. Scott Orders Flags Lowered After Brussels Attacks
Gov. Rick Scott said Tuesday that he's directed the flags to be flown at half-staff beginning immediately until sunset Monday to honor the victims of the attacks.Read More »
Florida Gov. Scott Names Chief Of Staff
Before working for Scott, Kim McDougal held numerous leadership roles at the Department of Education, including governmental relations director and senior policy adviser.Read More »
Florida Gov. Scott Endorses Trump For President
Scott made the announcement Wednesday on his official Facebook page.Read More »


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Top Stories
Industry Trends
Offshore energy development lab
There is now a research facility that could help bring the U.S. closer to generating power from the winds and waters along America's coasts and help alleviate a major hurdle for offshore wind and ocean power development. » more
Benchmark your manufacturing performance
Manufacturing leaders need to provide and deliver effective procedures and improvement programs that will allow workers to meet the demands of a global environment. » more
System integrators see strength in improving numbers
J.P. Morgan/CSIA study points to firm optimism as projects get off the back burner » more
Robots vs. jobs: Jobs win
Think Again: Smart applications of automation and robotics save and create jobs. Proposed Institutes for Manufacturing Innovation could advance manufacturing more quickly. » more
Internet Profiles
Internet Profiles of the leading companies in the industry
Automation News
Motion based profiles, libraries ease integration
When determining the best standards, protocols, and solutions for motion applications, including robotics, it's best to look at motion profiles. » more
Angle encoder has a functional safety setting
Heidenhain's RCN Series now features a functional safety setting that generates absolute position values and error bits in a safe control while maintaining a secure connection between the shaft and encoder. » more
CIP Safety standard to include safe motion applications
ODVA's CIP Safety Specification will include services for safe motion applications that will allow users to deploy networked motion systems using Ethernet/IP and SERCOS III. » more
Servo motor series has high torque
The 8KS servo motor series by B+R Automation provides up to 140 kW of power and stall torque up to 555 Nm and features a resolver interface and optical encoder. » more
Electrical News
Biggest Headlines from 2010 for the U.S. wind industry
The biggest headlines for the U.S. wind industry in 2010 held promise and foreboding for 2011. Slowed growth in the 2010 U.S. wind industry, advances in transmission, increases in offshore wind starts, continued growth in the... » more
CFE Media and AABC to Provide Building Systems Content to Consulting Engineers
CFE Media and the Associated Air Balance Council (AABC) will deliver specialized content for consulting engineers and engineering professionals looking for information about how the test and balance process can ensure that their... » more
Call for Speaker Abstracts for NEBB Conference
NEBB is encouraging proposals from industry leaders and forward-thinking professionals to submit speaker abstracts for the 2011 NEBB Annual Conference. » more
S&C Electric Company Establishes Power Systems Services Operation in Europe
S&C Electric announced the creation of a Power Systems Services division for Europe, which will focus on improving electrical service reliability and efficiency through the expansion of service offerings such as consulting on... » more
Mechanical News
Maintenance & Management News
Management software enables revenue growth, reduced supply chain costs
Enhancements to the FlexNet Producer Suite facilitate revenue growth by empowering manufacturers to more quickly monetize high-tech devices throughout their lifecycle. » more
Ford to add 7,000 jobs, begin national recruitment drive
Automaker to expand at Louisville facility for Escape launch » more
Centralized systems can deliver proper lubrication
Many small problems can arise from improper or lack of lubrication. Proper lubrication is critical in helping to reduce component wear, minimize lubricant consumption, and sustain the performance and reliability of machinery. » more
PAG technology a new staple for food-grade lubricants
There have been significant advances in H-1 lubricant research and development over the years which have produced top performing products. The search for an even better performance by lubricant manufacturers continues,... » more
News from the Web


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Campus NewsRowan Engineering student awarded prestigious Jerry Kilby Memorial Scholarship | More
Three WGLS-FM Programs Win Communicator Awards | More
Board approves five new majors and a new minor | More
Camden native to receive honorary doctorate at CMSRU Commencement | More
Fundraising, community service highlight a season of giving for Rowan students | More
Retirement Process for all Pension Systems (this process should begin between 4-6 months of your retirement date)
Once you have finished your consultation and completed the required paperwork, you will want to schedule your exit interview. To schedule your exit interview, kindly contact either Betty McAteer at 856-256-4306 or firstname.lastname@example.com for Main Campus or Celeste Rebardo at 856-566-6162 or email@example.com for SOM Campus.
The Division of Pensions and Benefits has scheduled upcoming Retirement Seminar dates for members of the Public Employee's Retirement System (PERS), Teacher's Pension and Annuity Fund (TPAF), or Police and Firemen's Retirement System (PFRS). Both in-person Seminars and live online webinars are available.
PERS retirement information/fact sheets
ABP retirement information
Returning to work after Retirement
Additional Information:


text:
How to Make Palazzo Pants
How to make Pilazzo Pants
Cloth Diapers, Sewing Table, Sewing Pants
Children love cute teddy bears. A teddy bear that is handmade will be cherished even more by the child that receives it. Before you can make a teddy bear, however, you will need to make a teddy bear pattern to use for cutting out fabric. Although there are many complex patterns available for purchase at craft stores, a homemade pattern consists of only two pieces and should be as basic to draw by hand as it is to sew.
make your own over the door organizer, perfect if you have small doors for small closets!
how to make palazzo pants. show. kind of difficult instructions in my opinion but free
How to Make Palazzo Pants http://www.ehow.com/how_7181479_make-palazzo-pants.html
How to Make Over-the-Door Organizers . This is seriously going to change my life!
How to Make a Homemade Sewing Table thumbnail
How to Sew Cloth Diapers in One Size
How to Make a Teddy Bear Pattern
How to Make Palazzo Pants
palazzo pants pattern free - Google Search
Palazzo Pants Pattern Free, Palazzo Pattern Free, Clothing Patterns, Patterns Tinagivenspatterns, Google Search, Pants Patterns, Free Patterns, Patterns Searchya, Sewing Patterns
women's palazzo pants patterns - Searchya - Search Results Yahoo Image Search Results
How To Make Palazzo Pants in 20 min | DIY Clothes
Diy Sewing, Diy Palazzo Pant, Palazzo Pants Pattern, Pants Sewing, Sewing Machine
Mine are halfway completed! Hardest part finished...making a pattern and cutting. DIY Palazzo Pants | Sewing For Beginners - YouTube
I think even *I* could do this! No measuring or patterns! Just used a pair of pajama pants as a guide. | DIY Palazzo Pants | Sewing For Beginners
Amazing tutorial! You are a great teacher. Como hacer un pants Palazzo DIY Summer Clothes | DIY Palazzo Pants | Sewing For Beginners
DIY Summer Clothes | DIY Palazzo Pants | Sewing For Beginners @hookworm How easy! This is the style. great video to watch..although I'm sure you already know how to make these.
DIY Summer Clothes | DIY Palazzo Pants | Sewing For Beginners. Should check out her other stuff, too
Como hacer un pants Palazzo DIY Summer Clothes | DIY Palazzo Pants | Sewing For Beginners
PinkChocolateBreak: "The easiest DIY Palazzo pants tutorial on youtube!FAQWhat sewing machine do you use?- Brother DS140I'm very excited about today's DIY Summer sewing tutorial as it's the first time I succeeded to sew pants without the weird lines around my crouch. Managing to sew pants have been my biggest challenge so far and even though I dreamed of sewing many pants in the colors of the rainbow there was always one obstacle until I found a trick that worked for me.Instead of sewing 4 p...
DIY Summer Clothes | DIY Palazzo Pants #diy #sewing #tutorial
Diy pants
How to Make Palazzo Pants
How to Make Palazzo Pants (with Pictures) | eHow
Palazzo Pants Patterns, Sewing Palazzo Pants, Diy Palazzo Pants Pattern, Palazzo Exuma Pants, Palazzo Pants Pattern Sewing, Palazzo Pants Cutting, Diy Palazzo Pant Pattern, How To Make Palazzo Pants Diy, How To Sew Palazzo Pants
Vintage Vogue 9633 Palazzo Pants and Evening Skirt Harem Pants Sewing Pattern…
#LetsBringBack Palazzo Pants #diy #lulufrost
Vogue Sewing, Palazzo Pants, Vintage Fashion, Pants I Ve, Skirt Harem, Выкройки Patterns, Harem Pants, Sewing Patterns
Ha! My grandmother made this skirt for me. As I recall it was beautiful. Palazzo Pants and Evening Skirt Harem Pants Rayban sunglasses just $24.88 httpwww.bsalerayban.com
Ha! My grandmother made this skirt for me. As I recall it was beautiful. Palazzo Pants and Evening Skirt Harem Pants
Would love to find this pattern or one close to this!!!! Palazzo Pants and Evening Skirt Harem Pants
1970s Pants Vogue Palazzo Evening Skirt Harem Pants Pattern Uncut Waist 28"
#LetsBringBack Palazzo Pants #diy #lulufrost años esperandolos <3
Vogue Vintage 9633 Palazzo Pants e à noite saia por sandmarg
Palazzo Pants and Evening Skirt Harem Pants
Vogue 9633 Palazzo Pants and Evening Skirt
How to Make Palazzo Pants
Palazzo pants are a mercurial style. The long, loose, wide leg trousers seem to come in and out of fashion regularly. They are usually made in light, breathable fabrics, like crepe and jersey for the hot summer months. Hop on this fashion...
Skirt Palazzo, Palazzo Pants Patterns, Diy Palazzo Pants Pattern, Palazzo Pants Diy, Sew Palazzo Pants, Skirt To Pants, Sewing Pants
Turn Maxi Skirt (that gray one I never wear into palazzo pants :)
DIY palazzo pants
DIY palazzo pants by miss-reverie on Polyvore featuring Misook Collection, Vero Moda and diypalazzopants
Palazzo Pant Diy, Diy Pants Jeans, Craft, Diy Palazzo Pants Pattern, Palazzo Pants Diy, Sew Palazzo Pants, Palazzo Pant Patterns, Sewing Pants Palazzo, Diy Pants Palazzo
Wide Leg Pants
Free women's Wide Leg Pants sewing pattern
Pants Sewing Pattern, Palazzo Pants Diy, Palazzo Pants Pattern Sewing, Free Sewing Pattern, Diy Wide Leg Pants For Women, Floral Pants, Sewing Pants
Free women's Wide Leg Pants sewing pattern....wonder if I could make them a little more fitted with a pinup style
Femme féminine aimant le confort et l'originalité, pantalon large à imprimés fleuris colorés, chemisier blanc classique, collier fantaisie en couleur
DIY Wide Leg Pants // Make your own floral pants! Free sewing pattern from Joann.com
Free women's Wide Leg Pants sewing pattern [ NYWholesale.com ]
Free women's Wide Leg Pants sewing pattern. I need this asap
Free women's Wide Leg Pants sewing pattern :@
-pattern on wide leg patterns-
Wide Leg Pattern
Pantalon large
Palazzo Pants Tutorial
Diy Palazzo Pants, For Kids, For Girls, Pantalon Negro, Kids Pants
Palazzo Pants Tutorial measurements for kids only I'm guessing waaaaaay to tight in the hips for me.
Palazzo Pants Tutorial measurements for kids only I'm guessing waaaaaay to tight in the hips for me. KA=Seriously aku memang suka palazo very much, mahirkan cara menjahit dahulu, then next project in my lists hohoho
Palazzo Pants Tutorial measurements for kids -- upgrade the measurements.
Extra Ordinary Bree: Palazzo Pants Tutorial for girls
Palazzo Pants Tutorial measurements for kids Only
Extra Ordinary Bree: Palazzo Pantalon Tutorial
pantalon negro, super cool
Drawstring Pants
Martha Stewart Drawstring Pants - with tutorial and pattern !
Sewing Idea, Diy Craft, Drawstring Pj, Pajama Pants Pattern
Pj pants ... possibly my next sewing project ... http://www.marthastewart.com/268829/drawstring-pants-how-to
Drawstring Pants - Martha Stewart Sewing Projects - full pattern available for download #
Drawstring Pants | Step-by-Step | DIY Craft How To's and Instructions| Martha Stewart
Drawstring Pants - Martha Stewart Sewing Projects - they look so comfy!
Martha Stewart PJ pants: PATTERN IN DOWNLOAD UNDER DRAWSTRING PANTS
Easy Pajama Patterns For All Sizes: {Tops & Pants}
pajama pant pattern.. need to start sewing more
Drawstring pj pants pattern
sewing idea
cute bandana pant tutorial
Pants Tutorial, Bandana Koolats, Bandanna Pants, Sewing Bandanas, Pants Inspiration, Pants Shorts
bandana pant tutorial. some other great stuff - this link doesn't take you direct to the tutorial... specially like the peg container thing for a car rubbish bag.
cute bandana pant tutorial http://karascreativeplace.blogspot.com/search/label/Beginner%20Sewing?updated-max=2010-08-04T11:42:00-07:00=20=12=false=1
cute bandana pant tutorial..... I want these in big girl size!!!... How cute would that be!!
cute bandana pant tutorial. some little girls about to have a bunch of these!!
Bandana pants tutorial. All you need are two bandanas and some elastic.
Bandana pants..easy-peazy and CUTE!
cute bandanna pant tutorial
Bandana koolats for my girl
Bandana pants / shorts
Sewing from Start to Finish: Instructions for a Couture Waistband
Waistband Technique, Sewing Waistbands, Sewing Tips, Sewing Technique, Sewing Couture, Sewing Blogs, Couture Sewing, Waistband Sewing, Couture Waistband
Outside and inside views of a couture waistband (technique below). A couture waistband conforms to the figure without adding bulk. Remember when you first started sewing and all you cared about was how something looked on the outside? The seams could be a bit wonky, and the zipper could be a little jacked up, and…
Sewing from Start to Finish - Sew Daily - Blogs - Sew Daily Couture waistband technique
Couture Waistband: Sewing from Start to Finish - Sew Daily - Blogs - Sew Daily
Couture waistband technique using Petersham ribbon.
How to #sew a couture waistband. #sewing #diy
Sewing Waistband from Start to Finish
Couture waistband - Sew Daily
Really good sewing blog
Sew couture waistband
DIY PRINTED PALAZZO PANTS (a pair & a spare)
DIY: palazzo pants
Pants Tutorial, Diy Palazzo, Palazzo Pants, Diy Fashion, Fashion Diy, Diy Clothes, Crafts Sewing Projects, Clothing Tutorials Great Ideas
Palazzo pants tutorial Not a great tutorial (or pants), but I'm having a hard time finding palazzo pants tutorials
DIY: palazzo pants - these were easier than I imagined and I used an elastic band instead of a drawstring
Another DIY Palazzo Pants by tracing pants you've already got!
a pair and a spare . diy fashion: DIY PRINTED PALAZZO PANTS
DIY: palazzo pants. I want to make a lot of these
DIY: palazzo pants oooh i love the pattern
'a pair and a spare' DIY Palazzo Pants
DIY: palazzo pants #tutorials
Top 5 DIY pants
Wrap pants pattern
Thai Fisherman Pants Diy, Sewing Pattern, Sewing Idea, Diy Fisherman Pants, Palazzo Pants Diy Pattern, Thai Fisherman Pants Pattern, Fisherman S Pant, Sewing Pants
Thai pants pattern and simple pants pattern too! Draft your own following this tutorial for DIY fisherman pants.
Thai Fisherman's Pants These are one-size fits-all pants that wrap around and tie with a sash. Very comfy and stylish, too. You can use almost any weight fabric—from silk to lightweight denim. The Thai ones are cotton or rayon. Make sure your fabric looks nice on both sides
Thai Fisherman pants pattern - make it! gnomemama FREE $100 STARBUCKS GIFTCARD! CLICK HERE FOR SURVEY.
Thai Fisherman pants pattern - make it! http://www.pinterestbest.net/Red-Lobster-Gift-Card
Thai Fisherman pants pattern . Loose,PJ bottoms------maternity, cool summer slacks.
Brain Clutter: Sewing pattern: Thai fisherman pants
Thai Fisherman pants pattern - make it! gnomemama
Thai Fisherman's Pants pattern (wrap pants)
Thai fisherman pants diy
pants how-to
Baby Pants, Pants Tutorial, Baby Girl, Sewing Girls, Girlie Pants, Sewing Tutorials, Girls Sewing
making some fall pants for my baby girl
How to make good looking pants tutorial
Very good pants tutorial. Must read
how-to: good-looking baby pants
Sailor pants tutorial
Toddler sailor pants
kids pants tutorial!
Toddler Pants
Girlie pants
Knitting Bag
Bag made from pants
Denim Craft, Sewing Idea, Diy Craft
Bag made from pants; love! I have a pair of cords that I bought for DH and they're too small - they may just become a sewing tote!
@Lorin Burge : Check out this cute bag make from an old pair of pants! (Knitting Bag via Etsy)
what to do with pants I've cut the legs off for other sewing projects...
diy denim crafts | DIY Old Jean Knitting/Craft Bag
Knitting Bag from Old Pants...tote bag...love
DIY Bag made from pants.
Blue Jean Knitting Bag
sewing idea
Pants Sloper
Draft Pant, Pant Draft, Pants Patterns, Fitting Pant, Sewing Pants, Sewing Patterns
how to draft pants pattern- Joy! I've been looking for something like this, I lost mine from the stanley school of dressmaking circa 1982
how to draft pants pattern- Joy! I've been looking for something like this, I lost mine from the stanley school of dressmaking circa 1982 http://www.fashionfabricsclub.com/c18_apparel-fabric-gabardine-fabric
how to draft pants pattern- wonder how this differs from what I learned in school.
how to draft pants pattern- Joy! I've been looking for something like this
easy fitting pant draft...how to draft your own pants patterns
how to draft pants pattern - lots of excellent information
make your own trouser patterns - various kinds
how to draft pants pattern- TUTORIAL
how to draft pants pattern-
shirred voile pajama pants: DIY tutorial
pajama pants: DIY tutorial
Shirred Pajama, Pants Tutorial, Sewing Pattern, Sewing Clothing, Diy Pajama, Sewing Clothes
Simple pajama pants tutorial--I do need to get around to making myself some new PJ pants, eventually.
shirred waist pajama pants tutorial http://www.noodle-head.com/2012/12/shirred-voile-pajama-pants-diy-tutorial.html
Pajama pants tutorial! This is awesome because I can never find pj pants long enough for me..
Noodlehead: shirred voile pajama pants: DIY tutorial I have been wanting to make PJ pants!
*shirred voile pajama pants* a sewing tutorial from Noodlehead
shirred voile pajama pants tutorial by noodlehead Really cute
shirred waist pajama pants tutorial :: free sewing pattern
shirred voile pajama pants #pjs #sew #clothes
DIY Pajama Pants Tutorial
Palazzo pants
Diy Sewing, Clothes Style, Palazzo Pants Diy, Sewing Knittng, Pants Pj S Bottoms, Panties, Fashion Trends, Sewing Pants
Palazzo pants are Becoming a big trend
like the pink ones with the buttons
Inpsiration - CulottesPalazzo1
. Pleated Palazzo Pants
Very cool look!
Measurements for fitting pants.
Diy Pant, Pants Sewing Pattern, Easing Sewing Projects, Sewing Pants Tutorial, Measurement Worksheet, Sew Pant, Pants Pattern, Sewing Pattern Pants, Sewing Tutorials
measurement worksheet for fitting pants patterns
easy chinese pants pattern


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Adam Kredo RSS
White House issues statement following ambassador's comments on anti-SemitismDecember 4, 2011 6:08am
The White House has distanced itself from the American ambassador to Belgium, following his declaration that Israel's conflict with the Palestinians has stoked global anti-Semitism. "We condemn anti-semitism in all its forms, and that there is never any justification for prejudice against the Jewish people or Israel," the White House said in a statement that was sent…
Panetta wishes Israelis, Palestinians would 'get to the damn table'December 4, 2011 6:03am
Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta said Friday evening that Israelis and Palestinians would make serious headway in the peace process if only two parties would "get to the damn table." "The problem is right now that we can't get them to the damn table," Panetta told a crowd that included Israeli Ambassador Michael Oren and…
U.S. and Israel: Iran is 'greatest challenge we face today' in MideastDecember 1, 2011 11:42pm
Iran poses the greatest challenge in the Middle East, according to a joint statement issued this afternoon by Deputy Secretary of State William J. Burns and Israeli Deputy Foreign Minister Daniel Ayalon. Following a meeting between State Department officials and representatives of the Israeli government, a joint statement was released: U.S. and Israeli delegations, headed…
RJC faces anger from Ron Paul fans over forum exclusionDecember 1, 2011 8:51pm
Supporters of presidential candidate Ron Paul deluged the Republican Jewish Coalition's phone lines with complaints after the RJC revealed this morning that it declined to invite Paul to its presidential candidates' forum next week. The six other major Republican candidates are scheduled to appear at the Dec. 7 event. RJC Executive Director Matt Brooks said…
With Perry surging and Romney slipping, GOP Jews grapple with a changed fieldAugust 30, 2011 8:14pm
Texas Gov. Rick Perry's surge to the front of the GOP presidential pack has Jewish Republicans reckoning with a field that suddenly looks much different than it did just a few weeks ago.
In tapping Ira Forman to be Jewish point man, Obama campaign goes with an insiderAugust 23, 2011 9:00pm
To lead its efforts in the Jewish community, the Obama campaign has tapped Ira Forman, a political veteran who knows his way around Jewish politics.
Lieberman, Cantor won't be at Beck's Jerusalem rallyAugust 19, 2011 6:59pm
Sen. Joseph Lieberman (D-CT) and Rep. Eric Cantor (R-VA) will not be attending Glenn Beck's upcoming rally in Jerusalem.
Leahy: Legislation does not target Israeli militaryAugust 16, 2011 10:22pm
The office of U.S. Sen. Patrick Leahy denied an Israeli newspaper report that the Vermont Democrat is trying to cut off U.S. funds to several Israeli military units.
Obama campaign hires former NJDC chiefAugust 16, 2011 7:58pm
The Obama re-election campaign has hired Ira Forman, the ex-chief of the National Jewish Democratic Council, as its Jewish outreach director.
Solving the White House photo mystery over 'Jerusalem, Israel'August 16, 2011 3:10pm
Reporter Adam Kredo gets to the bottom of the mystery over why the White House changed photo captions to remove references to Jerusalem as part of Israel.
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Indian Palm User Group
Bombay, Maharashtra
The IPUG is an all-volunteer organization founded by The NotComGuys in April, 2000. If you are interested in assisting us in any way, and would like to volunteer your services for the betterment of the Palm community, do get in touch with us. We shall b ... more
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The big pinchers are disappearing. Yard waste piles are moving into cans. Here's the city's calendar for leaf pick-up. There are still street pick-ups on a few dates. Check it out!
Subscribe to our Newsletter!
East Sacramento Preservation
- Date Correction—SCUSD Strategic Plan Meeting at Kit Carson Tuesday May 3rd May 2, 2016
- Sacramento City School District Strategic Plan—Come Participate April 30, 2016
- City Parks Survey—Give Your Two Cents April 29, 2016
- City to Vote On McKinley Park Pond Plan April 26, 2016
- East Sacramento Preservation Offers $500 Scholarship April 21, 2016


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2003 POA MARE Shez Kinda Shinnie, black with a white blanket, snip on nose Fancy Reg POA pony mare, around 13.5h, nice 4-h, trail riding, or playday…No Price Listed
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Teddy is a 18 year old welsh cross pony. He is a black and white paint and is 12.2 hands. Teddy was my daughters first pony, and he took her from leadline…$4,000
UPDATE** Willow competed in her first 3' jumper show april 2nd and did awesome! Please watch the videos! She just had her shots and teeth done this past…$8,000
"Star" is a beautiful 15h1" palomino mare of reining stock. She was foaled in April of 2004 from Sire: Hollywood Heat and Dam: ASU Burning Money to breeder…$5,500
'99 sorrel/overa APHA gelding. Excellent for beginners. He is good on grasslands, highways and arenas. His family rode double, pregnant and their longest…$2,500
Oak Parks Karina Reh Samis Soap Suds X Rehs Night Mariah 2011 AMHA/AMHR 31" Smokey Black Mare Wonderfully sweet mare, Karina was broke to drive…$1,200
Gold is an 11 year-old, 14.2 hand palomino ranch gelding. This is a very gentle, all-around kind of horse that can be ridden with confidence by the beginner…$3,500
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Changing Up your Game ?This was published 09-07-2009
With the WSOP hcl e 91 buy hcl online does synthroid make you hungry buy prozac no prescription prozac 5 mg reviews tablets ip 20 mg fluoxetine online cheap can you buy fucidin online currently running and tons of poker related news and blog posts, i figured canada pharmacy online provides you more options to buy estrace , generic estradiol, product details, q & a, and health quotes. a prescription is required if it's i'd get back to basics. I recently read an article about how Phil Hellmuth is changing his game up at the WSOP. As a player with the most tournament wins at WSOP, is this really a wise move? He says that he is no longer avoiding aggressive opponents who threaten to knock him out. In the past he has avoided all in situations, opting instead to outplay opponents without letting them get lucky. This translates to players pushing their stack when they no longer want to see cards, andHistorically Phil will fold. This year he Says "All those amateurs making all those crazy moves on me that they got away with in the past, this year I'm calling."
Changing up your game can be very difficult for most people. If you're a conservative person by nature, and you want to start playing loose and easy, that transition is not going to feel comfortable for you. You'll want to check the flop, even when in position (bad move anyways) or you'll want to bet the minimum amount to get the player prozac buy buy prozac canada order cheap prozac online prozac ceftin vs cefzil buy ceftin online order prozac cheap no prescription cheap prozac prozac purchase online cheap brand prozac to fold (generally a good rule of thumb), but if you're playing out of character this could easily backfire on you.
On the flip side, if you're an ultra aggressive player who is trying to really pick their spots, you wont be able to help yourself in seeing opportunity when the table checks around and you folded preflop. This could lead to you overplaying rag hands and getting money in when you're behind ("i missed that opportunity last hand, I'm not going to let another one go by").
My advice? Choose a lower level than your use to playing in and really practice those skills. Make it a low risk area, and make sure that the result you're looking forisn't "making money" but improving your game. If you're goal is to only play premium hands, stick to it and see how your fare. You may be surprised. And if your goal is to become ultra aggressive, do that too, and track it. Give yourself pro's and con's to playing that way, and see how you can incorporate it into your regular game.
Switching up during the WSOP? Leave that to Phil Hellmuth.


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Connecting Families to Senior Living
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Facility License: 139156
Caretypes Provided: Alzheimer's Memory Care
U.S. Memory Care is dedicated to providing a nurturing, moment-to-moment approach to caring for seniors challenged by memory loss. Inspirations Memory Care ProgramThrough Inspirations, our innovative memory care program we engage residents moment-to-moment through meaningful life experiences. We develop individualized care plans for all our residents by working with families on a Resident Life Story that provides intimate details of their loved-ones past and current reality. This knowledge allows caregivers to engage residents in routines and activities that are meaningful to them. The results are wonderful, residents are engaged in the community, feel successful and become part of the family quickly. A Truly Innovative CommunityOur community offers three separate neighborhoods that provide residents an individualized continuum of care for all stages of dementia and Alzheimer's. We offer high direct caregiver to resident support ratios in each neighborhood. These neighborhoods come together around a "Main Street" that boasts a theater, salon, sweet shop, music hall and hobby room. This is where residents and families gather to visit or share in community events and activities that support the mind, body and spirit.Our community offers all our services all-inclusive* to provide financial security and peace-of-mind for our families. For those searching for a memory care community, but not quite ready to commit, we offer day stay and respite stays, which are a wonderful way to experience all we have to offer.From the moment you see that it's time to ask for professional help, to the moment you feel the time is right for the most loving decision of all, we will be with you. When you let us do the caregiving, you and your loved one can enjoy every moment!*Some exclusions apply, see community for details.
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Kanye West promo short film
american psycho swee book
Lord Disick straight lording on niggas.
Digging: Dom Kennedy - Yellow Album
I'm assuming this was meant to be overacted. Otherwise, lol.
This is awful
a swing and a miss...
i loled when i saw this on his website.
Amazing that they actually remade that scene shot for shot. Pretty funny.
so dumb.
Kanye West porno short film
Digging: DIIV - Is the Is Are
that made me want to watch american psycho rather than listen to yeezus
I thought that was actually pretty cool.
This is what happens when you listen to Kanye. I actually think Patrick Bates is Kanye West
"I'm assuming this was meant to be overacted. Otherwise, lol."
i'm not sure if you've seen american psycho...
i laughed
this has to be overacted
it's too damn funny
Fuck that was terrible.
wait this is awesome
"this has to be overacted
it's too damn funny"
i think people need to watch american psycho
the scene the movie is acted in almost the exact same overactive manner cause bateman is a lunatic
it's even funnier here, it's like charlie kelly playing bateman or some shit lmao
whole lotta butthurt in the video comments
I knew it would be this scene
if the entire short film is like this scene I will hail it as the most hilarious remake to exist ever
Tha fuck.
this is terrible
Digging: Deftones - Gore
Bret Easton Ellis @BretEastonEllis 18 Jun
I had a completely fascinating three-hour conversation with Kanye West this afternoon in a deluxe maternity suite at Cedars Sinai. 2:30-5:30
Bret Easton Ellis @BretEastonEllis 17 Jun
Scott Disick's Dream Comes True in the promo that I originally wrote for Kanye's new record but not a lot was used: http://www.kanyewest.com
• Michael Gira Accused of Rape• R.I.P. Lemmy• R.I.P. David Bowie• Scott Weiland dead at 48 • Rush drummer retires• Killswitch Engage debut new single• The Story So Far's vocalist dropk..• Deftones stream new single• Riverside guitarist dies• Phil Anselmo causes uproar over N..
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Bands: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


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This true masterpiece and one of Verdi's best-known works will feature nearly all resources of the Bob Cole Conservatory. Four of our best-known alumni singers take time off their performing careers to return to the Carpenter Center for this special event. The choir will consist of our combined choirs.
Verdi's Requiem
Marina Harris, soprano
Jessie Shulman, mezzo-soprano
Joseph Lopez, tenor
Tyler Alessi, baritone
Now in its fourth year of existence, the Jazz Lab Band is an ideal setting for Jazz Studies majors, music majors, music education majors, and non-music majors to hone their jazz skills. Students in the JLB receive valuable instruction on jazz interpretation, improvisation sight reading section playing, and woodwind doubling. Typical concert programming ranges from classical to modern jazz literature.


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Best of Luck,
Maria E. Cipollone
There are lenders that I know of that go down to a 600 score FHA. http://www.qualitymortgage4you.com you can fill out a quick prequal and I will have one of our loan officers give you a call asap. Good luck.
It is unlikely you could be approved for mortgage financing with that credit score at this time.
Beware of any mortgage professionals promising you an approval with such a low score. Wait on buying a home. I recommend you take the time to resolve your credit issues.
First, settle any outstanding debt. If you owe money on collection accounts, charge-offs and/or judgments, make payment arrangements and get these accounts paid promptly.
Next, begin rebuilding your credit. If you have current accounts with good payment histories, or even some previous late-payment-blemishes, make sure you continue to pay those accounts on time. If you do not have any existing credit accounts then you'll need to establish several in order to create a viable credit history.
I have found that CONSUMER ACTION is an excellent resource for objective advice on all things credit related. You'll find free and sincere advice on everything from settling collection accounts to rebuilding credit to building credit from scratch on their website. http://www.consumer-action.org
Beware of anyone offering to "repair" your credit! The Federal Trade Commission issued a stern warning last year that such offers are scams. Find more from the FTC HERE. http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/edu/pubs/consumer/credit/cre13.shtm
The best way to buy a home is to have a decent credit history combined with sufficient Income and Assets for a home purchase.
The best way to have a decent credit history is to settle negative outstanding obligations and pay all your bills on time for at least two years.
Trevor Curran
Nick Gandhi
Equity Capital Real Estate
(203) 280 3838