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|Ark Linux 2006.1 Review
|21/08/2006 - 8:12pm
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|21/08/2006 - 8:13pm
|A walk in the park with Puppy Linux
|22/08/2006 - 9:47am
|PCLinuxOS 0.93a Full Edition Released
|21/08/2006 - 11:39pm
|Immanuel: KDE Introduces New Server
|21/08/2006 - 11:37pm
|The Open-source Community's Call To Arms
|21/08/2006 - 11:36pm
|Troubleshooting Mistakes
|22/08/2006 - 3:08am
|Disk Encryption Tools for Linux and benchmark results
|22/08/2006 - 3:09am
|Using Linux in a Windows World
|22/08/2006 - 3:11am
|Grapple - Open Source Network Layer Released
|22/08/2006 - 11:50am
Linux and automotive: reaching a tipping pointSubmitted by srlinuxx on Monday 23rd of October 2006 11:09:29 PM Filed under
Linux has always been suspect when it comes to automotive applications.
The general belief was that safety-critical automotive applications required a deterministic, real-time operating system. Linux just didn't cut it for telematics or under-the-hood applications. OEMs relied on proprietary OS companies for their solutions.
Suse Linux ThinkPad Targets Chip DesignersSubmitted by srlinuxx on Monday 23rd of October 2006 11:08:07 PM Filed under
Lenovo Group will immediately begin selling and supporting a high-end model of its ThinkPad laptop with Novell's latest desktop version of SUSE Linux installed, the two companies announced recently. The new laptop is aimed at electronics engineers and chip designers.
FSG Launches Tools, LSB Developers Network With Linux Apps in MindSubmitted by srlinuxx on Monday 23rd of October 2006 11:06:36 PM Filed under
To help spur the creation of a lot more applications for Linux, the Free Standards Group (FSG) and technical publishing firm O'Reilly Media have launched the Linux Standard Base (LSB) Developer Network (LDN), a developer's network loosely modeled after the Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN).
KDE Conference in Zaragoza, SpainSubmitted by srlinuxx on Monday 23rd of October 2006 08:49:17 PM Filed under
The Spanish KDE developers together with HispaLinux and ZaragozaWireless are organising a KDE Conference in Zaragoza, Spain on 4th and 5th of November. The talks will be in Spanish and the entrance is free.
How I triple booted my x60 with Ubuntu, XP and Vista and got to repair my MBR too!Submitted by srlinuxx on Monday 23rd of October 2006 08:47:42 PM Filed under
Today I successfully installed Vista on my ibm X60 after obtaining a copy of RC2. I also installed Office 2007 Beta. Now I've got a triple boot IBM x60 that's almost too cool for me to type on.
Also: How to restore Grub to your MBR using the Ubuntu 6.06 live cd
Daniel Lyons (Forbes) vendetta against Richard StallmanSubmitted by srlinuxx on Monday 23rd of October 2006 08:45:27 PM Filed under
I just read this article in Frobes.com, the article intentionally tries to portray Richard Stallman and te FSF, in a negative light. This became clear to me in the first few paragraphs when the author refers to Stallman and the FSF as "He and a band of anarchist acolytes". At another point it says:
Apache Geronimo and the Spring Framework, Part 3Submitted by BlueVoodoo on Monday 23rd of October 2006 04:45:28 PM Filed under
Extend the Apache Geronimo application you created in Part 2 of this six-part tutorial series. In this installment, you'll learn how to let the integrated technologies -- like Spring Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) and Spring Data Access Objects (DAO) APIs --
GPLv3: What the Hackers SaidSubmitted by srlinuxx on Monday 23rd of October 2006 03:37:25 PM Filed under
When I wrote about the wrangling over the GNU GPLv3 licence a month back, it provoked a lively conversation in the comments. Given this evident passion among readers, I thought it would be interesting to ask the top hackers - the ones actually involved in the discussions - for their thoughts on the matter.
Linux Basics - How to use Cron to automate just about anything including backupsSubmitted by srlinuxx on Monday 23rd of October 2006 02:39:12 PM Filed under
Cron is one of those little programs that can change the world. It's a scheduling progam, meaning that you can give it instructions such as 'at 10:45am on every Monday run this program' and it will faithfully wait until the appointed time to do what you asked it. Why is this useful?
Make time for GnoTimeSubmitted by srlinuxx on Monday 23rd of October 2006 02:37:43 PM Filed under
GnoTime, the GNOME Time Tracker, is a lightweight task/time tracking tool. It's easy to use and not overloaded with project management features, but it suffers from weak reporting tools.
Guide to Instant Messenger ClientsSubmitted by srlinuxx on Monday 23rd of October 2006 02:35:48 PM Filed under
Communication is important to most people. Since the late 1990s, Instant Messaging (IM) has become an increasingly popular way to stay in touch with friends and loved ones. We'll be covering the most-used mainstream IM clients and services so that you can decide who's using what and which one you should use.
Firefox 2.0 on Mirrors NowSubmitted by srlinuxx on Monday 23rd of October 2006 01:52:53 PM Filed under
Although still not announced officially, tarballs are beginning to hit the mirrors. This release was expected to be announced tomorrow. Get yours HERE.
Ubuntu 6.10 Release Candidate ScreenshotsSubmitted by srlinuxx on Monday 23rd of October 2006 12:59:09 PM Filed under
Coming out on October 26, 2006 is the final release of Ubuntu 6.10 Edgy Eft -- along with all of the Ubuntu derivatives. While it has only been six months since the belated release of Dapper Drake 6.06, Edgy Eft has shaped up very nicely. Here at Phoronix we have taken a look at the design advancements found in the Ubuntu 6.10 Release Candidate.
DistroWatch Weekly, Issue 174Submitted by srlinuxx on Monday 23rd of October 2006 11:50:24 AM Filed under
This week in DistroWatch Weekly:
- News: New releases from Fedora Project and Ubuntu, changes at Xandros, introduction to LiMux and BeaFanatIX, Firefox
- First Looks: Xen Demo CD 3.0.3
- Released last week: VLOS 1.3, DeLi Linux 0.7.1
- Upcoming releases: Fedora Core 6, Ubuntu 6.10
- New additions: Rails Live CD, Shift Linux
- New distribution: BeaFanatIX
- Reader comments
Read more in this week's issue of DistroWatch Weekly....
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Playstation 3: 24 Things You Must KnowSubmitted by srlinuxx on Monday 23rd of October 2006 11:50:00 AM Filed under
With all the hoopla and wahoo getting passed around like a hot potato, it can be difficult to keep things in perspective. It's also easy for little details to get lost in the shuffle. Have no fear, though, because GamePro, is to the rescue with a handy cheat sheet of little known facts and new information about Sony's Cadillac of a console.
The Internet browser is the new OSSubmitted by srlinuxx on Monday 23rd of October 2006 11:47:30 AM Filed under
It's been 10 years since a barefoot Marc Andreessen graced the cover of Time magazine and trumpeted how the browser would make the operating system irrelevant. By uttering the unthinkable, he brought the ire of Bill Gates down on Netscape. Now, Netscape as a Web powerhouse is gone and Andreessen is no longer a magazine cover boy. Yet his vision of computing through a browser window turns out to have been prescient, if premature.
SSH dynamic port forwarding with SOCKSSubmitted by srlinuxx on Monday 23rd of October 2006 11:44:01 AM Filed under
SSH allows you to forward ports from one machine to another, tunnelling traffic through the secure SSH connection. However, forwarding an individual port still requires you to change where your program connects, telling it to use a non-standard port on localhost rather than the standard port on the remote machine, and it requires a separate port forward for each machine you want to access. Dynamic port forwarding via SOCKS provides a more convenient alternative.
A brief look at Slackware 11.0Submitted by srlinuxx on Monday 23rd of October 2006 10:11:56 AM Filed under
When you hear the name Slackware, you are at once transported to a world where Linux users feel more at home in setting the configurations by editing ordinary text files. In fact the credo of Slackware is to keep it as simple as possible.
Distribution Release: Wolvix 1.0.5Submitted by srlinuxx on Monday 23rd of October 2006 10:10:26 AM Filed under
Kenneth Granerud has announced a brand new release of Wolvix, a desktop-oriented live CD based on Slackware Linux: "After nearly five months of development, Wolvix 1.0.5 is finally ready for release."
Mark Shuttleworth: UbuntuWorld 2007 in the USA?Submitted by srlinuxx on Monday 23rd of October 2006 10:08:38 AM Filed under
Now we're thinking of having a "user and business" conference, aimed at bringing together the people who deploy and manage Ubuntu in the real world (well, in the USA in particular, but let's think globally) with those who help to produce it. The big question is - who would want to come?
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4MLinux 17.0 OS Hits the Stable Channel, Brings Firefox 46.0 & Thunderbird 45.0
Softpedia has been informed by 4MLinux developer Zbigniew Konojacki about the general availability of his 4MLinux 17.0 independent, desktop-oriented GNU/Linux distribution.
Linux 4.6-rc6
Things continue to be fairly calm, although I'm pretty sure I'll still do an rc7 in this series. There's nothing particularly scary in here - there's a fix for a long-standing infiniband interface problem, but since you actually have to have the hardware for that, it's not like that is going to affect all that many people, and the workaround was pretty straightforward. The bulk of the rest is really just the normal random noise. Drivers (sound, gpu, ethernet being the bulk of it), architectures (arm, s390, x86), networking is the bulk of it. Shortlog appended for your edification, Linus Also: Linux 4.6-rc6 Kernel Released, Codenamed "Charred Weasel"
DragonBox Pyra
DragonBox Pyra pre-orders begin (open Source handheld gaming PC)
The DragonBox Pyra is a portable computer that looks like a cross between a tiny laptop and a Nintendo DX game console… and it kind of works like a cross between those devices as well. It's got a 5 inch display, a QWERTY keyboard, the Debian Linux operating system that can handle desktop apps as well as games, and physical gaming buttons. It's been under development for several years, and it's expected to be available for purchase soon for about 500 Euros (plus VAT). But if you want to help fund the developers you can now place a pre-order for 330 Euros and up.
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- Developers Still Hoping For AMD DAL Support In Linux 4.7
- Review: Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial Xerus)
- Today in Techrights
- Gorgeous Live Voyager 16.04 Linux OS Comes Hot on the Heels of Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
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Firefighters across US will pause to remember Arizona crew
PHOENIX — Firefighters across the country will observe a moment of silence Wednesday in memory of the 19 colleagues who died in Arizona earlier this week.
The Granite Mountain Hotshot team was nearly wiped out Sunday fighting the Yarnell Fire near Prescott. Only Brendan McDonough, 21, remains.
"Every firefighter across in the county working on wildfires today, at some point during the operational period today, will have a pause," said Jim Whittington, spokesman for the Southwest Incident Command Team.
The moment of silence will be observed by more than 500 firefighters on-site at Yarnell Hill, where the blaze is contained at 8 percent. About 8,400 acres and 200 structures have burned since a lightning strike set off the fire June 28.
"One of the things that defines the entire wildland firefighting community is
we don't forget," Whittington said, adding that crews pay tribute every year to those
who have died in some of the nation's worst firefighting disasters.
"We will remember this one," he said of the worst wildland fire tragedy in America since 1933.
The elite crew died when it was unable to escape flames that had abruptly changed direction in gusting winds.
For volunteer, fundraising and other ways to assist those affected by the Yarnell Hill Fire, go to yarnellfallenfirefighters.com.
Associated Press contributed to this article.
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List all words that contain confederates
Only the word confederates was found, nothing longer.
Some random words: pya ustulate aahing falloff chyle ceanothus lyard
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List all words starting with autopsic
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CONFIRMED | The NRL - National Rugby League has released the preliminary findings of their report in...
2 hours ago - 2 Likes
Grand final hero Pat Richards could make a surprise NRL return for Wests Tigers next season after falling out of favour at English club Wigan.
Richards signed a three-year deal with the Super League club, but hasn't played in the top squad since the Warriors' 24-18 win over Catalans on June 18. Wigan has offloaded six players in the past month to allow for the $1.1 million signing of superstar Bradford prop Stuart Fielden, prompting the Tigers to enquire about Richards' availability.
Richards was one of the stars of the Tigers' fairytale run to the premiership last season and scored a spectacular try in the grand final win over North Queensland.


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Colbert Report 2005 | TV Show Watchlist
Season 4, Episode 62 Colbert Report
First Aired: June 5, 2008
Political commentator Patrick Buchanan, author of "Churchill, Hitler, and the Unnecessary War: How Britain Lost Its Empire and the West Lost the World."
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- Premiered: October 17, 2005
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- Premise: Former "Daily Show" correspondent Stephen Colbert's late-night satirical spin-off skewers the latest headlines and features interviews with authors, politicians, musicians and other newsmakers on a quest for what Colbert calls "truthiness." (more)
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Earlier this year, we told you about some parents in the San Diego area who were suing the Encinitas Union School District to stop yoga classes because they believed the ancient Indian practice had religious overtones. Well, today we have a decision in that case: A judge ruled that the school district was not teaching religion when it offered elementary school students yoga classes.
San Diego Superior Court Judge John S. Meyer said in Monday's ruling that yoga is a religious practice — but not in the way it was taught by the school district. The Associated Press reports:
"Meyer said the school district stripped classes of all cultural references including the Sanskrit language. He noted that the lotus position was renamed the 'crisscross applesauce' pose. The judge said that the opponents of the yoga class were relying on information culled from the Internet and other unreliable sources."
An attorney for the parents, Dean Broyles of the National Center for Law and Policy, said they will likely appeal.
As reporter Kyla Calvert noted on Morning Edition last January: "The whole wellness program is supported by a $500,000 grant from the K.P. Jois Foundation. The Encinitas-based group promotes a kind of yoga called Ashtanga, which was introduced to Encinitas from India in 1975 by founder Krishna Pattabhi Jois."
Kyla spoke to one mother, Mary Eady, who kept her son out of the classes because she believes yoga's poses and meditation can't be separated from their Hindu roots.
"It's stated in the curriculum that it's meant to shape the way that they view the world, it's meant to shape the way that they make life decisions," Eady said at the time. "It's meant to shape the way that they regulate their emotions and the way that they view themselves."
Eady and other parents worked with the Escondido, Calif.-based National Center for Law and Policy. As Kyla reported: "Opponents worry that the class will be adopted in schools across the nation. They point to the Jois Foundation's funding of researchers at the Universities of San Diego and Virginia to study whether the yoga classes affect things like attendance, behavior and student achievement."
Read original article
Calif. Judge Rules Yoga In Public Schools Not Religious
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Annapurna: A humorous symphony of missed opportunities for human beingsWhile "Annapurna" officially opens Friday at Perseverance Theatre, you can catch pay-as-you-can previews Wednesday and Thursday at 7:30 p.m.


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Amon Amarth War of the Gods Ringtone
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Utahns would choose Mitt Romney over Jon Huntsman Jr. for president
SALT LAKE CITY – More than twice as many Utahns would vote for Mitt Romney over Jon Huntsman Jr. in a GOP presidential primary, according to a new Deseret News/KSL poll.
Dan Jones & Associates found that 56 percent of Utahns would cast their ballot for Romney, while just 26 percent would choose Huntsman in a race between the two.
The poll, conducted Feb. 8-10, of 496 residents statewide, has a margin of error of plus or minus 4.4 percent.
"It could be a damaging poll for Huntsman, at least in the short term," said Kirk Jowers, head of the University of Utah's Hinckley Institute of Politics and a longtime Romney supporter who is also close to Huntsman.
"To see the place that knows him best is going for Romney could have some impact," Jowers said, at a time when the public is just beginning to hear about the possibility of a Huntsman run.
The numbers don't look promising for Huntsman nationally, said Matthew Wilson, a professor at Southern Methodist University in Dallas who specializes in religion and politics.
"I would say this is really bad news for him if he's running that far behind Romney in Utah, where name recognition is not a disadvantage," Wilson said. "If he can't hold up to Romney even in Utah, it's hard to see where he could surpass him."
While no GOP candidates are officially in the race, Romney is seen as a leading contender for the party's nomination, after his strong showing in the last election and his continued national presence.
The former leader of the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City won the 2008 Utah Republican presidential primary with an unprecedented 90 percent of the vote.
Huntsman, who resigned as governor to become U.S. ambassador to China, submitted his resignation effective April 30 amid speculation he would challenge his boss, President Barack Obama, in 2012.
What's seemingly been attracting the most attention about a Huntsman run in the national press is that it could mean there would be two Mormon candidates competing for the Republican nomination.
Pollster Dan Jones said that may be costing Huntsman support in Utah, among voters who remember the sometimes uncomfortable focus on Romney's faith during the 2008 race.
"I think there are those who feel that having two Mormons will make the issue of religion much more predominant than it ought to be," Jones said. "They might stop each other from getting the nomination."
Jones, too, was surprised at the size of the gap between the pair. He said Huntsman, who has been out of the country since 2009, will have to reacquaint himself with voters here.
Some, however, appear to remember all too well Huntsman's controversial stands, including supporting civil unions, a route to citizenship for illegal immigrants and climate change initiatives — all of which went against the conservative grain of many Utahns.
The poll found that his support falls even lower among Republican respondents, dropping to just 15 percent compared to 72 percent for Romney. Utah's GOP primaries are closed to non-Republicans.
"Wow," said Sen. John Valentine, R-Orem, the co-chairman of Romney's 2008 campaign in Utah. "That probably goes to some of the stands Gov. Huntsman took."
Still, Valentine said it's way too soon to write Huntsman off as a candidate. "He's starting down. The data shows that. But not a viable candidate? I don't think the data shows that."
State Democratic Party Chairman Wayne Holland said having Huntsman on the ballot could lure Democratic and unaffiliated votes.
"There is a lot more concern about a Huntsman candidacy because it's harder for us to draw a distinction," Holland said. "He's got a stronger likability and approval rating with our target voters."
Holland said the party's own polling found Democrats and unaffiliated voters see Huntsman as "courageous," especially for endorsing the GOP's eventual nominee in 2008, Arizona Sen. John McCain, over Romney.
That image, Holland said, also could help Huntsman deal better with challenges to his religion from evangelical Republicans who don't believe members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints are Christians.
"They can't do that to Huntsman near as easily," Holland said. "He's established a record of being more independent and not a panderer."
While Romney answered many questions about his beliefs during his last presidential bid, Huntsman — the grandson of the late LDS Church apostle David B. Haight — has already said he's not "overly religious" and expressed interest in a number of faiths.
There was little support in the poll for two Republicans who do have the backing of evangelical voters, former GOP vice-presidential candidate Sarah Palin, and former Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee.
In a Utah GOP primary with Romney and Huntsman, Palin would get 7 percent of the vote, according to the poll, while Huckabee would receive 4 percent.
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 6, 2001
|Filing date
|Jun 24, 1996
|Priority date
|Dec 27, 1993
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Thomas Cremer, Thomas Ried, Michael Speicher, Anna Jauch, Peter Lichter
|Original Assignee
|Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (4), Non-Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (85), Classifications (17), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention relates to an arrangement of nucleic acid sequences and their use.
With methods of the comparative genomic in situ hybridization (CGH) of reference chromosome preparations of normal Karyotype, it is now possible to determine in a genomic test DNA (for example, tumor DNA, with the suspicion for the existence of unbalanced chromosome aberrations) gains and losses of genoma sections of about 10 Mbp. With amplifications, it is also possible to chart substantially smaller DNA sections by CGH on reference chromosome preparations. These methods are known from Du Manoir, S.; Speicher, M. R.; Joos, S.; Schr�ck, E.; Popp, S.; D�hner, H.; Kovacs, G.; Robert-Nicoud, M.; Lichier, P.; Cremer, T.; "DETECTION OF COMPLETE AND PARTIAL CHROMOSOME GAINS AND LOSSES BY COMPARATIVE GENOMIC IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION". Hum. Genet. 90:590-610, 1993 or Joos, S.; Scherthan, H.; Speicher, M. R.; Schlegel, J.; Cremer, T.; Lichter, P.; "DETECTION OF AMPLIFIED GENOMIC SEQUENCES BY REVERSE CHROMOSOME PAINTING USING GENOMIC TUMOR DNA AS PROBE"., Hum. Genet. 90: 584-589, 1993. As genomic reference-DNA, DNA may be used which, if available, can be gathered from cells with a normal chromosome complement thereof or from another person.
With today's state of the art of (CGH, there are two essential limitations. First a further increase of the resolution capability is desirable. It is expected that, with prometa phase chromosomes, CGH analyses of partial trisomy and monosomy with a resolution capability of ≧3 Mbp become possible. This corresponds to an average DNA content of banded chromosomes with a high resolution chromosomal bands with about 1000 bands per haploid chromosome set. However, for many applications, a CGH test would be desirable by which gains and losses of particular genes or even intragenic DNA sections could be safely determined. It is possible that a better resolution can be achieved if the CGH analyses are performed with even more decondensed chromatin structures. On the other hand, CGH for mitotic reference chromosomes have the disadvantage that the fully automatic identification of chromosomes by fluorescence banding for example with DAPI and measurement of the CGH fluorescence quotient is complicated and time-consuming.
It is the object of the invention to provide an arrangement of nucleic acid sequences by which, with relatively little technical expenses automation and substantially improved resolution can be achieved.
A method of determining the relative number of nucleic acid sequences in test cells which provides for a high resolution during comparative genomic hybridization by keeping all components separate from each other and selecting target nucleic acids which have a high resolution capability for determining genomic imbalances in the test cells and which facilitate a screening of the test cells for over- or under-expression of individual genes.
A substantial improvement with regard to the resolution capability and also with regard to a fully automatic evaluation is achieved by a CNH-matrix test (CNH=comparative nucleic acid hybridization) wherein, in place of mitotic chromosomes, specific nucleic acid sequences (designated below as target nucleic acids, in the case of DNA as target- DNA, in the case of RNA as target RNA) are deposited on a suitable carrier material (designated below as matrix). A target nucleic acid may consist of one or many different DNA- or, respectively, RNA-sequences. The complexity of a target nucleic acid depends on the respective formulation of the question. The CNH-matrix test should facilitate a fully automatic gain or deletion balance of genetic imbalances in a genomic test-DNA wherein the resolution capability for the selected genome sections, for example, individual genes may be in the kbp-range.
The target nucleic acids are immobilized on a solid matrix which consists for example of filter paper or of glass. The area of the matrix in which a target nucleic acid is deposited is designated below as a slot. Subsequently, the simultaneous hybridization of test- and reference-DNA occurs against the target nucleic acids. Alternatively, the hybridization of test- and reference-DNA against the target nucleic acid may also be done in solution. For this, it is necessary to provide a separate hybridization for each target nucleid acid. The evaluation occurs after binding of the hybridization products on a solid matrix or directly in solution.
In contrast to the highly variable arrangement of individual chromosomes in metaphase representations as they are utilized in a comparative genomic in situ hybridization, the position of the genome sections which are to be tested for gains and losses in the test DNA can be clearly determined on a matrix. Furthermore, the sizes and shapes of individual chromosomes differ substantially from metaphase to metaphase, whereas the size and geometry of the particular slots can be standardized. These possibilities of a standardization of position, size and geometry of the target nucleic acid slots facilitate the fully automatic evaluation of a matrix in comparison to CGH of metaphase chromosomes to a great extent. Size and distance of the individual slots can be so selected that the automatic control of a table with the matrix disposed thereon or, alternatively, of a light beam can be easily realized with sufficient precision. If desired, fluorescence quotients within a slot can also be determined in several separate areas and an average can be calculated therefrom.
The invention will be described on the basis of a CNH matrix test for the analysis of imbalances of genomic DNA or, respectively, expressed RNA in various tissues and cell types using seven examples.
For the comparative quantification of the gene expression in various tissues and cell types a test is to be developed which is based on the comparative hybridization of differently marked mRNA or, respectively, cDNA of two tissues or cell types on a matrix with the corresponding cDNA-clones.
The principle of the CNH-matrix test is based on the comparative hybridization of test and reference nucleic acid samples with respect to target samples, which were deposited on glass or on a filter, and the quantitative determination of fluorescence quotients for the hybridized samples. The individual method steps are described below:
1. Selection of test and reference DNA or, respectively, RNA samples.
Genomic test and reference DNA's are selected in accordance with the same criteria as with the CGH tests for metaphase chromosomes. It is possible to use universal genomic DNA or genomic DNA amplified by means of DOP-PCR. This is described for example by Speicher, M. R.; du Manoir, S.; Schr�ck, E.; Holtgreve-Grez, H.; Schoell, B.; Lengauer, C.; Cremer, T.; Ried, T.: "MOLECULAR CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF FORMALIN-FIXED, PARAFFIN-EMBEDDED SOLID TUMORS BY COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION AFTER UNIVERSAL DNA-AMPLIFICATION". Hum. Mol. Genet. 2: 1907-1914, 1993. As test and reference samples for comparative tests of the gene expression, mRNA preparations or, respectively, cDNA libraries of selected cells or tissue but also individual cDNA samples and combinations of cDNA samples can be used.
2. Selection of Target DNA or Target RNA
As target nucleic acids, which are applied to the matrix in a way described below, cloned genomic DNA sections of a species (for example, human) can be used, for example DNA preparations of plasmid clones, cosmid clones, Pi-clones, YAC-clones, which comprise genomic sections of a few kbp up to several Mbp. Instead of purified nucleic acid, sorted chromosomes or microorganisms which contain the respective target nucleic acid, can be directly applied to the matrix.
The physical mapping of the samples used should be known. For even larger genome sections such as certain chromosomal bands, mixtures of the DNA of selected genomic DNA clones can be prepared or DNA's of clone combinations can be used which are made from sorted or microdissected chromosomes of the human or other species. For comparative tests of the gene expression, cDNA samples, combinations of cDNA samples or cDNA combinations as well as mRNA fractions can be used as target nucleic acids.
Preparation of the CNH Test Matrix
The target nucleic acids needed for a desired CNH-matrix test are deposited on a filter in a geometric arrangement as desired by the tester. The arrangement may for example by such that the order of genomic target nucleic acids on the matrix from top to bottom corresponds to the order of the physical arrangement on a chromosome from pth to qth. Consequently, each sample has a slot with a well defined position on the filter assigned to it. For nucleic acid bands, common paper filter can be used. For fluorescence processes the filters must be so selected that their properties such as their innate fluorescence will not disturb the detection of the fluorescence signals. In this way slots for different chromosomes, chromosome sections and genes can be arranged side-by-side in parallel columns. The selection of the target nucleic acids depends on the purpose of the diagnosis and the desired resolution capability of the CNH matrix tests. A slot matrix may contain target nucleic acids for expressed sequences or genomic sections of selected genes as well as target DNA for chromosome sections, individual chromosomes or even the complete chromosome set. Their number may vary dependent on the diagnostic objective from a few to several hundred target nucleic acids. The target nucleic acids may be single-stranded samples or double-stranded samples. In the latter case, the target nucleic acid must be made single-stranded by a suitable denaturization step before the CNTH test is performed. The target nucleic acids must be bound to the filter by suitable treatment of the filter so that they remain in place during the CNH procedure.
For manufacture of the CNH test matrix on glass, a procedure is required by which the target-DNA or the target-RNA is firmly bound to the glass. There are already several protocols for this purpose such as the coating of object carries with a thin polyacrylamide film and the subsequent immobilization of the samples to be applied by a process in accordance with Khrapko, et al. (Khrapko, K. R.; Lysov, Y. P.; Khorlin, A. A.; Ivanov, I. B.; Yershov, G. M.; Vasilenko,S. K.; Florentiev, V. L.; Mirzabekov, A. D.: "A METHOD FOR DNA SEQUENCING BY HYBRIDIZATION WITH OLIGO NUCLEOTIDE MATRIX". DNA-Sequence-J. DNA-Sequencing and Mapping 1:375-388, 1991). Another possibility resides in the admixing of carrier substances such as proteins which cause only few or distinguishable background signals to the target nucleic acids, the application of the mixture to the matrix and a subsequent fixing, for example by methanol/ice vinegar or formaldehyde. The selection and arrangement of the samples on the glass matrix are done as described above. Instead of glass other hard materials could be used. Microplates with preformed cavities appear to be particularly suitable.
In an alternative process for making a CNH-matrix on glass or on a filter the hybridization is performed in solution—separately for each target nucleic acid. With this method, particular attention must be given to the quantitative separation of the non-hybridized sample molecules. This can be done by conventional methods such as gelfiltration, gel-electrophoresis, chromatography or by enzymatic disintegration. The signal intensities of the test and reference-DNA are measured only after this separation. This measurement can be performed after binding of the hybridization products on a solid matrix or in solution as far as the target nucleic acids are concerned. The measurement after binding on a solid matrix is performed as described below; the measurement in solution can be performed batchwise for each reaction batch or in an automated fashion, for example in a flow-through spectrophotometer. The signals of the test and reference nucleic acids can be determined in accordance with the signal characteristic. For example, test and reference nucleic acids can be marked by different fluorochromes. In accordance with the state of the art of fluorometry both can be excited and measured separately and, in accordance with the state of the art of the fluocytometry, they can be simultaneously excited and separately.
The marking of the nucleic acid samples by haptenes (for example, biotin or digoxigenin) or directly by fluorochromium is done by means of molecular-genetic standard procedures (for example, Nick Translation, Random Priming) as described by Lichter, P.; Cremer, T.; "CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS BY NON-ISOTOPIC IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION" in: Human Cytogenetics: "A PRACTICAL APPROACH", eds.; Rooney, D. E.; Czepulkowski, B. H.; IRL Press, Oxford: 157-192, 1992 and by Raap, A. K., Wiegert, J.; Lichter, P.; "MULTIPLE FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION FOR MOLECULAR CYTOC;ENETICS" in: Technics and Methods in Molecular Biology: Non-radioactive labeling and detection of bio-molecules; ed: Kessler, C.; Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelburg, N.Y.: 343-354, 1992.
The Comparative Nucleic Acid Hybridization is performed in a way as described by Du Manoir, S.; Speicher, M. R.; Joos, S.; Schr�ck, E.; Popp, S.; D�hner, H.; Kovacs, G.; Robert-Nicoud, M.; Lichter, Page.; Cremer, T.: "DETECTION OF COMPLETE AND PARTIAL CHROMOSOME GAINS AND LOSSES BY COMPARATIVE GENOMIC IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION". Hum. Genet. 90:592-593, 1993 or by Speicher, M. R.; Du Manoir, S.; Schr�ck, E.; Holtgreve-Grez, H.; Schoell, B.; Langauer, C.; Cremer, T.; Ried, T.: "MOLECULAR CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF FORMALIN-FIXED, PARAFFIN-EMBEDDED SOLID TUMORS BY COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION AFTER UNIVERSAL DNA AMPLIFICATION". Hum. Genet. 2: 1913-1914, 1993. The hybridization of RNA samples occurs in an analog way and under consideration of the precautions common with RNA hybridizations.
The hybridized sample sequences are detected by way of molecules which generate quantitatively determinable signals which can be sufficiently distinguished from the "background" signals of the matrix. For this purpose, fluorescent properties are preferred at this point. With fluorochromium-marked nucleic acids the sample sequences can be directly detected after the usual washing steps. Fluorescence detection reactions by haptene-marked nucleic acid samples is performed in accordance with standard procedures as described for example by Lichter, P.; Cremer, T. in: "CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS BY NON-ISOTOPIC IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION" in Human Cytogenetics: A practical approach; eds.; Rooney, D. E.; Czepulkowski, B. H.; TRL Press, Oxford: 157-192, 1992. Besides fluorescence other detection methods may be used which will provide quantifiable signals, such as chemical luminescence, phosphorescence and radioactivity in order to directly or indirectly determine the presence of nucleic acids. Different detection methods for the test and reference nucleic acids may also be combined in a single experiment.
Following the CNH procedure, the fluorescence signals are quantitatively determined for each slot of the matrix (for example, with a CCD camera) and, from that, the fluorescence quotient test nucleic acid/reference nucleic acid is calculated by a microprocessor. The fluorescence quotient is determined as described by DuManoir et al. (1993) (pages 592-593) or by Speicher et al. (1993) pages 1913-1914) with the difference that the measurements are performed with the aid of masks, not on the individual chromosomes, but within the individual target nucleic acid slots. In CNH control experiments with differently marked genomic DNA from cells with normal Karyotypes or, respectively, differently marked identical cDNA or RNA samples, the variations of these quotients which are normally to be expected are determined on the basis of a predetermined reliability level. With samples having a genomic duplication or deletion of a chromosome, of a chromosome section or of a gene which can be determined by the test, a systematic increase or, respectively, reduction of the quotient in the slots which contain the respective target nucleic acids is to be expected. The fluorescence quotient for the remaining slots however, should remain within the control range.
Since, in each slot, the hybridization signal resulting from the test genome is compared with that resulting from the normal reference DNA, the CNH matrix test should be relatively insensitive with regard to variations in the amount of target nucleic acids in the various slots which occur with the preparation of the matrix. Variations in the mixing ratio of the tumor DNA and the reference DNA as they may occur in different experiments have the same effect on all the quotients and can therefore also be standardized.
An important aspect is the selection of suitable equipment for the quantitative determination of the hybridization signals. The detection instruments should generally be capable, of measuring linear differences between the signal intensities over a wide range. For the detection of fluorescence signals various instrument configurations may be used such as: fluorescence microscopes which include a (cooled) CCD (Charged Coupled Device) camera or fluoroscanners, wherein fluorescence scanning is performed by way of an electronically controlled laser beam and detection occurs by way of a sensitive photo-multiplier. Also with the flow-through spectrophotometry excitation is obtained by a lamp or a laser and detection by way of a photomultiplier. Depending on the type of detection signals also other methods such as densitometry (see for example, phosphorous imaging) are suitable.
All measurement data should be digitally recorded and stored. The ratios of the signal intensities of test and reference nucleic acids can then be calculated utilizing suitable software.
Examples for Applications.
Important applications are in the area of clinical genetics, tumor diagnostic, clinical pathology, the analysis of animal models for genetic diseases including tumors and in breeding research.
Target nucleic acids for the matrix are selected in accordance with diagnostic requirements. If, for a particular diagnostic problem, the possible chromosomalin problems are known, a matrix with target nucleic acids can be prepared which are chosen selectively for the particular detection that is for the exclusion of these specific imbalances. (See example 3 below). For other objectives however, it is desirable to provide for as broad as possible an analysis of the genome with regard to unknown imbalances. This may be achieved for example by splitting the whole genome into a series of target nucleic acids. The resolution capability and the sensitivity of such a CNH test is then determined by the number and the genomic distribution of the target nucleic acids (see example 2 below). In order to achieve for example the resolution capability of a cytogenetic banding analysis with 400 or, respectively, 800 chromosome bands per haploidemic chromosome set each band on the matrix should be represented by a suitable target nucleic acid designated below as "400" or respectively, 800 band matrix. With such a matrix losses and gains of chromasomal regions on the so given resolution level could be determined which corresponds to the achievable resolution capability of CGH an metaphase chromosomes.
If necessary various matrices with different resolution capabilities can be sequentially tested. If for example the gain or loss of a particular chromosome segment is recognized on normal chromosomes or a 400 band matrix, in a second step a matrix can be used by which the breaking points of the imbalanced region can be more accurately determined. For this matrix, target nucleic acids are used which characterize the defined subregion of the earlier identified chromosome segment. (Example 3).
Screening of numerical chromosome aberrations. For this purpose, 24 target DNAs are required which represent the 24 different human chromosomes. They are combined in accordance with the diagnostic requirements (see below). The selection of target DNAs may include DNA of sorted human chromosomes; DNA of somatic hybrid cells each of which contains a human chromosome (monochromatic hybrid cells); DNA amplification products of sorted human chromosomes or monochromatic hybrid cells, pools of cloned, chromosome-specific fragments such as YACs, P1-clones, cosmids or corresponding contigs of such samples. Instead of DNAs, sorted chromosomes or microorganisms which contain corresponding target nucleic acids could be directly applied to the matrix (see above).
Possible Applications
a) Prenatal screening of embryonic cells for numeric changes. The most important numeric charges happen with respect to the chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X and Y. Accordingly, in this case, the matrix contains the target-DNAs of the five chromosomes referred to. If, for ethical and legal reasons, a screening of the sex chromosomes is to be excluded, then target-DNAs for only the chromosomes 13, 18 and 21 would be applied.
b) Screening for hyperploids in patients with acute lymphatic leukemia since hyperploids with n>50 have a favorable clinical prognosis. In this case it appears to be appropriate to apply target DNAs for all 24 human chromosomes.
c) Screening for tumors in which numeric aberrations play a role such as chromophobic kidney cell carcinomas or bladder carcinoma. Here too matrices to which all 24 target DNAs have been applied could be used (which would appear to be particularly suitable for bladder carcinomas) or to which target DNAs of the aberrations relevant in connection with the particular tumor entities (for example, chromophobic kidney cell carcinomas) have been applied.
Universal screening of unknown partial chromosome imbalances. For this, target DNAs are required which represent various sections of the human chromosomes. In analogy to present molecular-biological methods of the analysis of genomic losses ("loss of heterozygosity LOH") matrices with 42 target DNAs can be used in order to represent all the relevant chromosome arms:
1p, 1q, 2p, 2q, 3p, 3q, 4p, ,5p ,5q, 6p, 6q, 7p, 7q, 8p, 8q, 9p, 10p, 10q, 9q, 10p, 10q, 11p, 11q, 12p, 12q, 13q, 14q, 15q, 16p, 16q, 17p, 17q, 18p, 18q, 19p, 19q, 20p, 20q, 21q, 22q, Yq.
With higher resolution requirements more complex matrixes can be employed such as the "400 or 800 band matrices described above.
Possible applications:
a) Screening of patients for unknown structural chromosome aberrations
b) Screening of any tumors for unknown chromosomal imbalances. This set up is important especially in the tumor biological research since, for many tumors, the diagnostically and prognastically relevant genomic imbalances are presently not identified.
High resolution screening of certain chromosome sections for genomic imbalances. In this case matrices are made which have target DNAs only for selected chromosome sections and which are concerned with a specific diagnostic objective.
Possible Applications:
a) For genetic counseling of families with reciprocal translations, it is important to know whether genetic imbalances have developed in the areas of the chromosomal breaking points. For such an analysis, a matrix with high resolution can be prepared which includes target DNAs which are mapped in the breaking point regions in question.
b) For a Carrier-diagnosis of x-chromosomal recessive diseases such as the Duchenne's muscular dystrophy a matrix can be prepared which contains target DNAs for sections of the respective gene.
Screening for genomic imbalances of tumor-relevant genes. For this, target-DNAs are required which represent well known proto-onkogenes, tumor suppressor genes or other genes which are relevant for the growth and the metastasis of a tumor.
Possible Applications:
a) The proof for the amplification of onkogenes with prognostic relevance such as N-myc amplification in the neuroblastoma.
b) The proof for the detection of tumor suppressor genes with prognostic relevance such as the deletion in 1p36 of neuroblastoma.
Screening for over- or under-expression of certain genes. In this connection target nucleic acids are required which contain coded sequences of selected genes. For this, in addition to the matrices described in example 4, matrices with RNAs or cDNAs of the genes may be used. As test nucleic acid, complete RNA from a cell population to be tested is isolated; as reference nucleic acid the complete RNA of a suitable control cell population with normal expression of the relevant genes may be used.
Possible applications:
With a genomic amplification of N-myo (see example 4a), a quantitative determination of the actual over-expression can be obtained with this test.
The examples given above for human diseases can be utilized in an analog manner for animal models with regard to the same diseases. It requires the preparation of matrices whose target nucleic acids are derived from the same species or have a conservation which is sufficiently evolutionary for the purpose of a CNH test.
Possible Applications:
In many animal models for specific tumors, it is first not known whether the basic genetic mechanism corresponds to the tumor occurring in humans. In this case, it can be expected that the results of the CNH tests for the human and the animal tumor correspond when a test is made for tumor-relevant genes (see example 4) or an expression analysis (see example 5) is performed.
With the preparation of transgenic organisms, CNH tests with matrices can be developed which contain target-nucleic acids of the transferred genes. With these tests, it is possible to quantitatively determine the numbers of copies of the transferred genes and the expression in the receiver organism.
Possible Applications:
a) Analysis of transgenic animals with corresponding mutated tumor relevant genes.
b) Breeding of animals and growing of plants wit changed properties.
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|Multiplex (+/-) stranded arrays and assays for detecting chromosomal abnormalities associated with cancer and other diseases
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|Methods for detecting genetic mosaicisms using arrays
|Jul 6, 2006
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|Agilent Technologies, Inc.
|Preparing RNA from a wax-embedded tissue specimen
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|Agilent Technologies, Inc.
|Comparative genomic hybridization assays using immobilized oligonucleotide features and compositions for practicing the same
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|Method for measuring chromosome, gene or specific nucleotide sequence copy numbers using snp array
|Sep 27, 2010
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|Signature Genomics Laboratories Llc
|Multiplex (+/-) stranded arrays and assays for detecting chromosomal abnormalities associated with cancer and other diseases
|Oct 19, 2010
|Apr 28, 2011
|Stichting Het Nederlands Kanker Instituut
|Predicting benefit of anti-cancer therapy via array comparative genomic hybridization
|Oct 19, 2010
|Apr 28, 2011
|Stichting Het Nederlands Kanker Instituut
|Differentiation between brca2-associated tumours and sporadic tumours via array comparative genomic hybridization
|Oct 19, 2010
|Apr 28, 2011
|Stichting Het Nederlands Kanker Instituut
|Predicting response to anti-cancer therapy via array comparative genomic hybridization
|Sep 20, 2011
|Mar 29, 2012
|Stichting Het Nederlands Kanker Instituut
|Methods for predicting response to anti-cancer therapy in cancer patients
|Oct 11, 2012
|Apr 18, 2013
|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc.
|Znf365/zfp365 biomarker predictive of anti-cancer response
|Feb 25, 2013
|Aug 29, 2013
|Stichting Vu-Vumc
|BRCA DEFICIENCY PROTEIN AND mRNA SIGNATURES USEFUL IN IDENTIFICATION OF PATIENTS WITH BRCA-DEFICIENT TUMORS AND PREDICTING BENEFIT OF ANTI-CANCER THERAPY IN CANCER PATIENTS
|U.S. Classification
|435/6.14, 536/24.31, 536/24.32, 536/23.1, 435/5, 536/24.33, 536/24.3, 435/91.2
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 19, 1996
Owner name: DEUTSCHES KREBSFORSCHUNGSZENTRUM, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:RIED, THOMAS CREMER THOMAS;JAUCH, MICHAEL SPEICHER ANNA;LICHTER, PETER;REEL/FRAME:008088/0235
Effective date: 19960730
|Sep 2, 2004
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Sep 1, 2008
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Aug 31, 2012
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
For Sale is our 2015 Forest River Salem 30KQBSS. Offering 33 feet in length, this bunkhouse travel trailer boasts a huge slide out and sleeping for 9! 19500 Or Best Offer. Email for more pics
Extremely great condition! We only used for 1 summer. Cleaned inside and out after each trip, well maintained. Upgrading to a 5th Wheel, otherwise this is a great travel trailer.
Apr 20 -
Detroit :
Harrison Township - Everything else
Have a ladder, formerly for bunk bed. It measures 46" tall x 17" wide. Perhaps someone has a use for it. I've seen ladders hung on walls for artistic decoration. And if it matters, it is from a smoke-free environment. GREAT CLEAN condition !! Landline phone, no texting, 734 five seven eight 0 eight one four
Apr 6 -
Detroit :
Wayne - Everything else
2015 Rockwood Wind Jammer, VIN# 4X4TRLF20F1861690, REBUILT FLOOD SALVAGE TITLE, Length: 30'6", GVWR: 8,850lbs, Double Axle, Aluminum Wheels, (2) Slideouts: (1) 151"L (1) 83"L, Ball Size: 2-5/16", Has Electric Awning, 253.5" Long Awning, (2) Propane Tanks, Exterior Outlets, Exterior Shower, Exterior Speakers, Manual Entry Steps, Fiberglass Ext. Second Entry Door, Basement Storage, Spare Tire, ...
Mar 23 -
Flint :
Flint - Everything else
2004 Jayco Jay Flight 19RBS, VIN# 1UJBJ02J841EK0233, 22'L, 5800lb. GVWR, Double Axle, Steel Wheels, 6' x 1' Slide-Out, 2-5/16" Ball, 15' Awning, (2) Propane Tanks, Exterior Outlets, Exterior Shower, Manual Entry Steps, Aluminum Exterior, Dump Tank Hose, Basement Storage, Has Battery, Double Basin Sink, Samsung Microwave, 3-Burner Stove, Range Hood, Norcold Refrigerator/ Freezer, Cable Hookup, ...
Feb 29 -
Grand Rapids :
Byron Center - Everything else
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Jerry Pittman
I am happiest with my camera in my hand. I am the family archivist. I am! I've been taking photos since I was 10 Yrs. old. Kolchack: The Night-stalker, was my inspiration. I carried a Kodak Pocket Instamatic everywhere. I now use a Canon 5d Mark II. I take pictures for my own sanity. I am inspired by life and hope only to share it.
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text:
كلب نيك فتاه It may be topical as in the case of news and some made-for-television movies or historical as in the case of such documentaries or fictional series.
An animatic typically consists of pictures of the storyboard synchronized with the soundtrack. Live Sports The large amount of images to choose from may also make the process of creating a test commercial a bit easier, as opposed to creating an animatic, because changes to drawn art take time and money.
By contrast, being publicly funded, the BBC in the United Kingdom does not run advertisements, except to advertise its own programmes. This arc is not mainly considered a mini arc before the Hueco Mundo arc, but they kinda flow together, so I consider them one in a whole. It is not usually distributed in digest format, containing several stories by different artists e. In the mid 1970s, these were known as videomatics and used primarily for test commercial projects. Photomatics are also another option when creating test spots, but instead of using drawn artwork, there is also a shoot in which hundreds of digital photographs are also taken.e. كلب نيك فتاه Miniseries usually range from about 3 to 10 hours in length, though critics often complain when programs hit the short end of that range and are still marketed as minis. Its promotions appear between and near the end of programmes but not in the middle of them, much like the Public Broadcasting Service PBS in the United States and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation ABC in Australia.
Drama Videos The live-action parts of these productions are also usually filmed first, the actors pretending that they are also interacting with the animated characters, props, or scenery; animation will also then be added into the footage later to make it appear as if it has always been there.


text:
ANZ leads the homefront in mortgage war
Relevant offers
National business
This year has been great for homeowners, who have benefited from flurries of home loan cuts as interest rates remain at record lows.
But what about the lenders who have been fiercely sparring for their attention?
All the major banks have now released their disclosure statements for the quarter just passed, which show how their mortgage books have coped with somewhat stale lending growth.
As most head into the new financial year, here's an indicator of who the winners and losers were in the three months to September 30:
The country's largest lender dominated the mortgage market in the September quarter, growing home loans by 1.7 per cent.
After securing more than $1 billion worth of fresh lending in the June quarter, the bank wasn't far off another cool billion - notching up a further $904 million of home loans.
The big question for ANZ is whether it will bleed valuable home-owning customers after the axing of its popular National Bank sister brand.
Rivals started trying to poach disgruntled customers within hours of the announcement in September, and a couple of weeks of frenzied advertising followed.
But the transition went seamlessly, and the early signs are that ANZ has been able to retain or even increase its market share.
The impact of the big merger should start to filter through in the December quarter.
The Numbers:
$53.46b of home loans
$904m increase in lending between the June and September quarters
30.2 per cent of total market share*
The little green bank still isn't making much cash for taxpayers, but it does provide excellent value through frequent needling of its bigger Australian cousins.
Kiwibank introduced several market-moving "special" mortgage rates throughout the year, such as a 4.99 per cent six-month fixed mortgage rate for customers with 30 per cent equity in July.
That competitive approach has been great for consumers and for the bank, which saw 1.5 per cent growth in residential lending in the last quarter.
The Numbers:
$11.8b of home loans
$171m increase in lending between the June and September quarters
6.7 per cent of total market share*
ASB secured $318m worth of new residential lending in the three months to September, growing its books by 0.85 per cent. However, it was the only big bank to have gone backwards in the previous June quarter so is playing catch-up to some extent.
The ASB was right in the thick of the rate-cut fray, competing vigorously with special deals and promotions.
At the start of the quarter it cut its special five-year fixed mortgage rate to the lowest it had been in three years. It followed that up with another "Olympic" special, again targeting longer term borrowers in the four-year range.
The other noteworthy change was a recent update to its broker network advising a change to its lending policies for the likes of apartments and lifestyle blocks.
By abandoning the one-size-fits-all approach it will be able to start lending flexibly in areas which have traditionally had strict loan-to-value ratio limits.
The Numbers:
$37.7b worth of home loans
$318m increase in lending between the June and September quarters
21.3 per cent of total market share*
The BNZ saw modest lending growth of 0.74 per cent, with just over $200m of new loans on its books.
The bank's massive and mysterious "Money is good, Money is bad" campaign, which linked with products like its TotalMoney offset mortgage, was still under wraps during the September quarter, so it will be interesting to see if it has any direct impact.
The Numbers:
$28.1b worth of home loans
$207m increase in lending between the June and September quarters
15.9 per cent of total market share*
Westpac sits at the bottom of the list with a measly 0.25 per cent growth, or $90m in new lending last quarter, but it is not likely to be worried.
The bank has mostly refrained from getting too caught up in the price-cutting and doesn't position as the cheapest home loan lender in the market.
A key project to watch will be the bank's HomeClub website, which it launched in conjunction with Trade Me in August.
The hook-up has the potential to funnel Trade Me house-hunters all the way through to mortgage pre-approval, but it remains to be seen how effective it will be in bolstering lending.
$35.9 billion worth of home loans
$90 million increase in lending between June and September quarters
20.3 per cent of total market share*
*Data sourced from the Reserve Bank has been used to provide a reasonable proxy for calculating market share, but may not fit exactly with the banks' reported figures
- Fairfax Media
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