text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Oct 12, 1965
|Filing date
|May 31, 1960
|Priority date
|May 31, 1960
|Publication number
|Allerton George L, Seifert James R, Stark Leon T
|Original Assignee
|Western Electric Co
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (3), Classifications (9)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
METHODS OF DETERMINING SEMICONDUCTOR THICKNESS AND RESISTIVITY BY LOSS IN A TRANSMISSION LINE Filed May 51, 1960 Sheets-Sheet l 5 s/e/vAu 7 7-557 GENE/P10 TOR SHMPE 24 9 OSCILLOSCOPE J ?-l j l 28 43 Q OSC/LLOSCOPE 9, 000 MC GENE/Q4 1965 G. ALLERTON ETAL ,2 00
METHODS OF DETERMINING SEMICONDUCTOR THICKNESS AND RESIS'I'IVITY BY LOSS IN A TRANSMISSION LINE 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed May 51. 1960 mum m fim mv m INVENTUFFS E'. L. HLLEQ'T'UN .JQ. EE'IF'E'R'T' 1965 G. 1.. ALLERTON ETAL 3,21 ,000
METHODS OF DETERMINING SEMICONDUCTOR THICKNESS AND RESISTIVITY BY LOSS IN A TRANSMISSION LINE United States Patent 3,212,000 METHODS OF DETERMINING SEMICONDUCTOR THICKNESS AND RESISTIVITY BY LOSS IN A TRANSMISSION LINE George L. Allerton, Orefield and James R. Seifert, Bethlehem, Pa., and Leon T. Stark, Elmhurst, N.Y., assign. ors to Western Electric Company, Incorporated, New York, N.Y., a corporation of New York Filed May 31, 1960, Ser. No. 32,756 5 Claims. (Cl. 32462) This invention relates to the measurement of electrical resistivity and physical dimensions of conduct1ve materials and particularly to methods of determining the resistivities and thickness of semiconductor materials.
In the fabrication of semiconductor material for elec trical devices, such as transistors and diodes, measurement of the resistivity of the material is an essential and crucial undertaking, since the eventual circuit properties of the devices are largely determined by this parameter. Heretofore a technique known as the four-point probe method has been Widely applied to this measurement. As used in both volume and sheet resistivity measurements, the four-point probe method entails establishing simultaneous point contacts at a surface of the material under test with four spaced-apart probes. A current is then caused to flow between two of the probes, and voltage readings for the remaining two probes determined. The functional relationships between the voltages and currents for various geometries of semiconductor configuration and probe placement permit the determination of resistivity.
While the four-point method may have particular advantages in certain situations, for example in laboratory investigations of field distributions in semiconductor bodies, it has disadvantages in application to production testing. Probably the most significant of these disadvantages is the necessity of establishing a physical contact between the material under test and the probes. This physical contact is inevitably destructive to some extent of the tested body. Another consequence is the introduction of impurities contained either on the probe surface or as an impurity in the probe material. The disadvantages are compounded when a pattern of multiple tests are undertaken according to one advanced tech nique and by the necessity of precisely positioning the probes. Minimizing these eifects requires expenditures in time and applications of sophisticated control devices and techniques which add considerably to production expenses. Directly linked to the need for greater care and more complex test equipment is an increase in labor cost.
However, even with the minimization of material damaging effects discussed above, the four-point probe method has other shortcomings. Frequently, it is desirable to determine the resistivity of a surface layer independently of the resistivity of deeper layers of the material. Such sheet resistivity measurements are particularly diflicult to obtain with the point probes, and they are speculative when obtained due to the difliculty of analyzing the field distribution. Solutions to this problem depend upon complex functions which are inconvenient to apply to practical manufacturing set-ups. Furthermore, this technique requires a thickness measurement of the sample in order to solve for the unknown, a demanding and, therefore, costly step since the dimensions frequently are in the order of a few thousandths of an inch.
It is, therefore, an object of the invention to provide accurate and speedy methods of measuring the resistivity of materials.
A further object is to provide semiconductor resistivity measuring methods which eliminates the necessity for point contacts between test probes and the material under test.
An additional object is to provide methods of measuring resistivity to a given depth without the necessity for measuring a physical dimension in the test sample.
Still another object is to provide methods of measuring the thickness of semiconductor material.
According to the invention, a portion of a high frequency transmission media, such as a wave guide or resonant cavity, has an aperture in its walls. Retainer structure including at least two backing pieces, each having a different conductivity, is provided for holding at least a portion of a test sample in the aperture. A high frequency test signal source feeds into the transmission line and is modified by the variously backed sample. A measuring instrument is located in the circuit to measure the modified signal. Resistivity or thickness is then determined by relating the modified signal to graphs which indicate the amount of resistivity attributable to a certain amount of signal modification. i
In one embodiment of the invention, the transmission line is a wave guide. The test sample inserted in the aperture acts as a line termination, and the signal modification is measured by comparing input signals with refiected signals from the termination. Another embodiment of the invention has, as the transmission line, a high Q resonant cavity loosely coupling a signal source to a load. Modification of the input signal to the cavity is' measured at the load.
These and other aspects of the invention will be more readily understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram illustrating apparatus for testing the sample as a termination of a transmission line in accordance with this invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of an inventive embodiment in which the test sample is incorporated in a resonant cavity portion of a transmission line:
FIG. 3 is a graph depicting the relationship of penetration depth to resistivity for several frequencies;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing resistivity versus trans mission characteristics for varied thickness samples backed with materials of two different resistivities,
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the apparatus used for a thickness measurement.
Referring now to the drawing, FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of the invention which, like all other embodiments, eliminates entirely the problems of the fourpoint probe method deriving from physical contact between the probes and the sample under test. Furthermore, as will be subsequently explained in greater detail, rapid and accurate resistivity and thickness measurements of thin sliced low resistivity material are obtain able by this and other embodiments. In addition, selected pinpoint areas of the sample surface can be elfectively tested by the invention to an extent impossible with the four-point probe. These advantages are accomplished in the arrangement of FIG. 1 by terminating a transmission line with a combination of test sample and backing material of different conductivities. A high frequency signal transmitted through the line is reflected in a characteristic way and from this reflected signal either the sample resistivity, or its thickness, or both resistivity and thickness, are determined.
In FIG. 1 a signal generator 11 feeds a high frequency signal, which may be advantageously in the 8,000 to 65,000 meacycle range, through attenuator 12 into transmission line 13. Wave meter 14 at the output of generator 11 measures the output frequency of the signal. Connected in line 13 is directional coupler 15, a four terminal hybrid junction, which by virtue of impedance relationships diverts portions of signals in line l3 either into an upper monitor circuit indicated generally as 16 or a lower monitor circuit indicated as 17. Both monitor circuits are similarly arranged circuitwise although by virtue of the directional characteristic of coupler 15 they are impressed with different signals: circuit 16 with the incident signal from the generator as modified by attenuator 12, and circuit 17 with the signal reflected by the line terminating test sample 18.
Monitor circuit 16 has balancing impedance 19 for establishing the proper matching with directional coupler 15 to cause the incident or input signal from the signal generator 11 to enter the circuit. On the other side of the coupler 15 from impedance 19 in monitor circuit 16, variable attenuator 20 is connected in series with diode detector 21. In parallel with diode 21 is potentiometer 22 which serves to compensate for the differences in operating characteristics between diode 21 in monitor circuit 16 and diode 23 in monitor circuit 17. Potentiometer 24 in monitor circuit 17 serves a similar balancingfunction.
Balancing impedance 25 and variable attenuator 26 in monitor circuit 17 are analogous to attenuator 20 and impedance 19 but are in a position relative to the directional coupler to cause the reflected signal from test sample 18 to appear in circuit 17. The outputs of circuits 16 and 17 are taken from the respective potentiometers 22 and 23 to opposing contacts of switch 27. As a matter of convenience switch 27 is electrically operated to switch oscilloscope 28 from the output of circuit 16 to vthat of circuit 17 at a 30-cycle per second rate so that both outputs appear simultaneously on the oscilloscope screen.
Utilization of the apparatus of FIG. 1 will now be described. Signal generator 11 is selected to operate at 9,000 megacycles which will require a rectangular wave guide functioning as the transmission line 13 to have inside dimensions of 0.400 x 0.900 inch. With the test sample 18 placed across the entire open end of the wave guide, thus terminating it, an equal area will be tested. This area may be reduced if desired by providing a highly conductive terminal wall with an aperture of the dimensions desired to be tested, into which the sample is inserted, or by an iris arrangement, or by various modification-s of the plural backing and support structure. The support structure can be adapted to rapid changeover of backings and samples. One em bodiment, for example, envisages the backing materials mounted on a slide which supports the sample in the aperture. Change of backings is accomplished by displacing the slide without removing the sample from the aperture.
The penetration depth of the signal into the sample is a function of the frequency and resistivity of the material. As shown in FIG. 3, a reduction in penetration accompanies an increase in signal frequency to a resistivity of approximately .12 ohm-centimeters at converging point 61. Increasing the frequency also reduces the dimensionsof the wave guide and, thereby, the area tration of the sample and impingement of the signal upon the backing material, selection of the test frequency especially in production runs is also substantially influenced by the range of thicknesses of a given test sample lot.
At 9,000 megacycles, the depth of signal penetration Will be related to the material resistivity as follows:
Material resistivity Penetration depth (ohm-cm.) (inch) 0.01 0.0021
It is convenient to measure the characteristics of the sample in the device of FIG. 1 by determination of the reflection coeflicient of the termination. A perfect conductor as a termination has a reflection coeflicient of one, while increasing resistivity progressively exhibits lower orders of reflection coeflicient until the terminal impedance matches that of the line and all the power is absorbed at the termination. Between these two limits, a relation between resistivity and reflection coeflicient exists. A return loss in decibel-s equals twenty times the log to the base 10 of the reflection coefiicient.
Measurement of the return loss of the sample with each of the different resistivity backings is made by comparison with a perfect conductor in the same aperture. To establish a reference .or calibration, a good conductor, such as brass or aluminum, is inserted at position 18 to terminate the wave guide. Calibrated attenuators 20 and 26 are both set at the same arbitrary value in excess of the expected transmission loss. Balance attenuators 22 and 24 are adjusted for'equal amplitude of signals in monitor circuits 16 and 17, as indicated on the oscilloscope. The good conductor is then removed from test position 18, and the test sample with one of the backings is inserted in the aperture. A drop in the reflected signal will occur due to the decreased reflection from the more resistive material in the aperture. Attenuator 26 is then adjusted to remove attenuation from the reflected signal circuit 17 until the input, or incident, and reflected, or echo, signals are again equal on the oscilloscope. The difference in readings between the setting of attenuator 20 (or the setting of attenuator 26 with the perfect conductor in the test position) is the return loss in decibels attributable to the backed sample. This loss value is noted and the sample backing changed to one having a different resistivity. Return loss is then measured for the sample with the second backing in the same way. The calibration step, of course, is not ordinarily necessary for different backings or successive samples. An aspect of the invention is a support structure for holding the sample and different backings in proper position in the aperture for rapid exchange of backings and accurate placement of the newly backed sample, so that substantially the same area of the sample surface is exposed to the signal with the first as with the second backing. From the two return loss readings, both the resistivity and thickness of the sample may be determined .by referring, most conveniently, to a graph similar to that of FIG. 4, as will be demonstrated below.
It may be desired to measure a smaller area of-sample at the same frequency and with substantially the same equipment. This can be done by masking off a part of the wave guide opening with a good conducting surface, such a gold plated brass, or by usinga tapered transition section to a smaller terminal area. In these situa tions, graphs for the particular configuration can be constructed by using samples of known resistivities and determining their losses in the specific device. The advantage of being able to handle new test requirements more or less empirically in this way without recourse to complicated theoretical analysis is apparent.
A greater range of resistivities can be measured at the same test frequency with the apparatus of FIG. 2 according to the invention. In this apparatus, a high Q resonant cavity 31 lightly couples a signal generator 32 to a crystal detector load 33. Isolator 34 and attenuator 35 are connected in series between generator 32 and cavity 31, and calibrated attenuator 36 and isolator 37 are connected in series between the cavity output and the load crystal 33. The isolators 34 and 37 serve to prevent feedback into the generator and cavity, respectively, of reflections while the attenuators function as described below.
Directional coupler 38, a hybrid junction, couples the input of cavity 31 to monitor circuit 40. Circuit 40 comprises balance impedance 41 on one side of the coupler and diode detector 42 on the other side. Potentiometers 43 and 44 are in parallel with diodes 42 and 33, respectively, to balance out differences in the diode operating characteristics. The outputs of potentiometers 43 and 44 are led to switch 45, which alternately applies them to oscilloscope 46.
The signal transmitted between the input and output of cavity 31 is proportional to the Q of the cavity. Variation of the Q is accomplished by using some of the material to be tested with appropriate backing as a portion of the resonant cavity wall. Measurements of the difference in transmitted signal level between a good conductor, such as gold plated brass, and the backed sample of reduced conductivity are related to resistivity and thickness, as shown in the curves of FIG. 4.
The set of FIG. 2 is operated as follows. A high conductivity reference plate which may be of gold plated brass is inserted in the test sample hole of cavity 31. The frequency of signal generator 32 is adjusted to the resonant frequency of the cavity 31, as indicated by a maximum signal on oscilloscope 46. Attenuation is then inserted in the cavity circuit with attenuator 36, in excess of the attenuation which would cause the same signal reduction as the cavity loaded with the test sample. Balance potentiometers 43 and 44 are adjusted until the input signal passing through circuit 40, and the cavity signal trace have the same value. The set is now calibrated, and the reference plate is removed from the cavity, and the test sample mounted with one of the backing plates inserted. Attenuator 36 is adjusted to bring the two signals to the same level. The amount of attenuation removed from the circuit is the change in transmission loss. Expressed another way, the difference after calibration of the settings of attenuator 36 with the cavity loaded first by the highly conductive reference plate and then by the backed test sample is the change in transmission loss. The sample backing is then changed and another loss reading taken for the same sample portion.
The sample loss readings with the different backings are used to determine the resistivity and thickness values of the sample by reference to graphs similar to that shown in FIG. 4. Each wave guide or cavity used in these tests could have its individual plot of this type eliminating entirely any computation and also, of course, eliminating the necessity for evaluating the myriad environmental factors which affect the result. The data of FIG. 4 is for a resonant cavity used with the test system of FIG. 2 at a test frequency of 9,000 megacycles. Resistivity of the sample in ohm-centimeters is represented on the ordinate and transmission loss, due to the sample in the cavity aperture, in terms of decibles down from the transmission characteristics of a perfect conductor on the abscissa.
-Line 50 is the resistivity versus loss curve for samples whose thicknesses exceed the penetration depth of the signal. Curves 51 are a family for samples of different thicknesses backed with material of 100 ohm-centimeter resistivity. Curves 52 are a family for samples of different thickness backed with brass, a perfect conductor. The primed numbers on each curve indicate thickness in thousandths of an inch. Lines 53 and 54 represent the loss readings of a sample backed respectively with the 100 ohm-centimeter material and the brass. Determination of unique values for the resistivity and thickness of the sample is predicated on the knowledge that lines 53 and 54 must intersect curves for the same thickness material in both families 51 and 52 on the same resistivity (horizontal) line. This unique'intersection occurs with resistivity line 55 which the loss lines 53 and 54 meet at points 56 and 57 where curves for 12 thousandths thick material from families 51 and 52 also intersect. The correct sample resistivity is thus 0.41 ohm-centimeter and its thickness 12 thousandths of an inch. All other intersections lack this coincidence as, for example, those provided by resistivity line 58. Point 59 at the crossing of 53 and 58 touches a curve 51 for six thousandths material, While at point 60 the curve 52 is for ten thousandths material, indicating an indeterminate thickness and incorrect resistivity.
In FIG. 5, 31 is a cavity resonator forming a part of wave guide transmission line and having an aperture 70 therein over which is placed a semiconductor slice 71, shown in dotted lines. A holder 72 for backing the slice is shown. The holder 72 is composed of a high conductivity material, such as brass, "and includes at one end thereof an inset 74 of material of ohm-centimeter resistivity which may be cemented into the opening 75. Thus, after the semiconductor slice 71 is placed over the aperture 70, the high conductivity end 73 of the cylinder is placed on top of the slice to make a first measurement. Thereafter, the position of the cylinder is inverted and the inset 74 is placed on top of the slice to make a sec- 0nd measurement. Which measurement is made first is not material.
It is to be understood that the above described arrangements and methods are merely illustrative of the principles and application of the invention. Other arrangements may be devised by those skilled in the art which incorporate the essence of the invention and fall within its spirit and scope.
What is claimed is:
1. A method of determining the thickness and resistivity of test samples using a high frequency test signal which comprises the steps of backing the sample with a material of a first conductivity having a thickness: such that the sum of the thicknesses of the sample and the backing material exceeds the penetration capability of the signal through the thus backed test sample, inserting the backed sample in a transmission line for carrying the high frequency test signal and measuring the transmission characteristics of the path, separating the sample from the backing, backing the sample with a material of a second conductivity having a thickness such that the sum of the thicknesses of the sample and the backing material exceeds the penetration capability of the signal through the thus backed test sample, inserting the backed sample in the transmission line and measuring the transmission characteristics of the path, and determining the thickness and resistivity of the sample from the known resistivity versus transmission characteristics for samples of different thicknesses backed with the materials of first and second conductivities respectively.
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein each respectively backed sample is applied to an aperture in a high Q resonant cavity forming a portion of a transmission line.
3. Method according to claim 1, wherein each respectively backed sample is applied as a termination to a wave guide.
4. Method according to claim 1 wherein one of the backings is a substantially perfect conductor and the other of the backings includes resistivity material.
5. Method according to claim 4, wherein the resistivity material has a resistivity of about 100 ohm-centimeters.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,602,828 7/52 Norton 32458 X 2,611,804 9/52 Zaleski 324--58.5
2,817,813 12/57 Rowen 324-585 2,907,961 10/59 Tomiyasu t 32381 (Other references on following page) '7 OTHER REFERENCES Artmann: Measurement of Susceptibility of Tensor in Ferrites, Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 26, No. 9, September 1955.
Beck: Conductivity Measurements at Microwave Frequencies, Bell Laboratories Record, October 1950, vol. XXVIII, No. 10, pp. 433-437.
Conductivity of Metallic Surfaces at Microwave Frequencies, article in Journal of Applied Physics, July 1947, pp. 629-638.
Surber et al.: Dielectric Measurement Methods for Solids at Microwave Frequencies, Journal of Applied Physics, December 1948, pp. 11304139.
Thorp: RF Conductivity in Copper at 8 mm. Wavelengths, Proc. of IEE, vol. 101, part III, No. 74, November 1954; pp. 357-359.
WALTER L. CARLSON, Primary Examiner.
SAMUEL BERNSTEIN, Examiner.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 29, 1947
|Jul 8, 1952
|Rca Corp
|Radio-frequency power measuring system
|Jan 28, 1948
|Sep 23, 1952
|Gen Precision Lab Inc
|Measuring apparatus
|Jul 20, 1954
|Dec 24, 1957
|Bell Telephone Labor Inc
|Measurement of the complex tensor permeability and the complex dielectric constant of ferrites
|Sep 14, 1954
|Oct 6, 1959
|Sperry Rand Corp
|Adjustable attenuators for microwave radio energy
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 27, 1967
|Apr 21, 1970
|Reflectometer for receiver input impedance match measurement
|Sep 6, 1984
|Aug 12, 1986
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Contactless measurement of electrical properties of wafer shaped materials
|May 6, 1982
|Jul 30, 1991
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy
|Resonant probe and radio frequency coupler
|U.S. Classification
|324/707, 324/705, 324/659, 324/644, 324/636, 324/762.1
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


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7092- We really love this Atria design. Its features are the perfect combination to create this superb short dress for prom or your next big event. The white metallic fabric gives this short one shoulder dress a truly unique look. Featuring a long sleeve, an edgy cut out at the shoulder with the perfect length this form fitting sheath defines thinking outside the box
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DryShips Inc. (NASDAQ: DRYS), a global provider of marine transportation services for drybulk cargoes and off-shore contract drilling oil services, announced on Jan. 29 that:
The company has entered into an agreement to cancel the previously announced acquisition of the 2005 built Panamax drybulk carrier M/V Maple Valley for a purchase price of $61m from an unrelated third party. In view of market conditions and following negotiations, the company and the seller have mutually agreed to cancel the Memorandum of Agreement to acquire the M/V Maple Valley in consideration of a payment of $8m to the seller and the seller's retention of the $6.1m deposit that was previously paid. This cancellation will further reduce DryShips' 2009 capital expenditures by $46.9m. The London arbitration and the New York proceeding between the seller and the company are both being discontinued.
The company also announced that it has entered into a time charter for the M/V Alameda, its only remaining unfixed spot based Capesize drybulk carrier. The M/V Alameda will be chartered at a gross rate of $21,000 per day for a period of approximately two years. The charter is expected to commence during late February or early March 2009. The M/V Alameda is a 170,662 dwt Capesize drybulk carrier built in 2001.
DryShips Inc., based in Greece, is an owner and operator of drybulk carriers that operate worldwide. As of the day of this release, DryShips owns a fleet of 43 drybulk carriers in the water comprising seven Capesize, 29 Panamax, two Supramax and five newbuilding drybulk vessels with a combined deadweight tonnage of approximately 3.9 million tons, 2 ultra deep water semi-submersible drilling rigs and 2 ultra deep water newbuilding drillships.
Maritime Today
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Join other women of all ages in praising the Lord and lifting up joys and concerns. This weekly
gathering is a prayer meeting, not a Bible study, although Scripture is our guide. Contact: Carrie
Hofmann at firstname.lastname@example.com. Meet in the Chapel.
Men's Ministry has a two-part format on Wednesday mornings. We begin at 6:00 a.m. with praise
music, prayer and reading of the Word. Part 2 at 6:30 a.m. includes a message, testimonials, dis-
cussion and prayer. All men of the church are invited. Coffee, doughnuts and great fellowship
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Rena master, officer face sentencing
Relevant offers
Rena crisis
The master and second officer of the grounded cargo ship Rena are due to be sentenced in Tauranga District Court tomorrow.
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The captain also faced an additional charge of altering ship documents.
The Rena hit the Astrolabe Reef off Tauranga last October causing an environmental disaster. A Transport Accident Investigation Commission interim report suggested the Rena took several shortcuts in the hours before it hit the reef. There were discrepancies in the captain and second officer's statements.
In late February the captain pleaded guilty to all charges against him, while the second officer admitted all charges, except the RMA charge on which he entered no plea.
Maritime New Zealand (MNZ) said the second officer was expected to enter a plea on the RMA charge tomorrow.
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The RMA charge has a maximum penalty of a fine of $300,000, or two years imprisonment and $10,000 for every day the offending continues.
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Russell Hill
What's that I smell? Is it "Island Breeze"? Is it "Lavender Meadow"? No, it's a Russell Hill multi-sensory installation! When I first encountered Russell's work in a gallery I'll admit I was a bit taken aback by the "refreshing" spritzes ejecting from his meticulously arranged row of air fresheners. But that's Russell's thing – taking those everyday object we'd often hide in a cupboard, or behind a bathroom door, and presenting them as artistic readymades in their own right. The livid green of laundry detergent, the sensual efficiency of a chrome Airwick – this is the palette Russell accentuates for his considered, and thoroughly engaging creations.
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In the month of April, the industry's 11 leagues and 136 full-season clubs combined to draw 6,401,632 fans -- an average of 3,752 fans a game. This is an 11.2 percent increase over the 2011 campaign, and the largest April total of the 21st century save for 2008's 6.7 million. That year, Minor League Baseball set an all-time cumulative attendance record of 43.2 million.
Minor League Baseball president Pat O'Conner was, of course, pleased with the numbers. But he also cautioned that it's still early, and that "you can't read too much into it."
"We've had a good, robust opening, and that's partially attributable to the weather," said O'Conner. "As I recall last year, we played a lot of games in horrible weather. And those games were played for the schedule, not the fans."
O'Conner also believes that the slowly rebounding economy is playing a role in the attendance uptick.
"We're not going to be able to make strides if the economy doesn't come back," he said. "There are different sectors showing improvement from that perspective, so that deserves part of the credit as well."
A look at the league attendance leaders includes many perennial top performers. The Lehigh Valley IronPigs once again top all of U.S.-based Minor League Baseball, with an average of 8,078 fans a game, while the Round Rock Express aren't far behind at 7,583. The Richmond Flying Squirrels continue to find success in their outdated ballpark, The Diamond, as the team leads the Eastern League with an even 6,000. And, not surprisingly, the brand-new Pensacola Blue Wahoos are pacing the Southern League with an average of 4,823 fans per game.
The real test comes now, as teams need to not just sustain but expand their fan base as they move into the more amenable summer months.
"April was very encouraging, and I know that our clubs worked hard to get off to good start," said O'Conner. "We're going to look for these kinds of trends to continue into summer. Soon we'll be in the meat of the schedule, with school out and stable weather. I'm pleased with the results, excited by what we've been able to accomplish so far.
"We went into [2012] looking for a good year, and early indications are that it just might happen."
Today on MiLB.com
Top Stories on MiLB.com
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Faile have got a new site (new in that I've not seen it before), a great selection of their work including some behind the scenes shots (Prayer Wheels from last year pictured here).
Based in Brooklyn, Faile are undoubtably one of the most prolific and sought after artist collectives working today. There's no about section on the site so if you want to know more check out their Wiki page.
- How I Got Here: Marco Velardi and Omar Sosa, Apartamento magazine
- It's Nice That x Channel 4 Random Acts: "It'll be like a guided acid trip"
- Felicity Hammond's art sends up the visual language of luxury property developers
- Gillian Wearing uses the public's work to examine privacy and individual vs collective experience
- Anna Beil defies convention with "trashy" illustrations and animations
- Polish illustrator Gosia Herba interprets myths and legends in pastel tones
- Don't Hug Me I'm Scared - an exclusive interview with Duck, Red Guy and Yellow Guy
- Yoshinori Mizutani captures the colourful, rain soaked commuters of Tokyo
- Poem Baker photographs the Jûngølā drag clowns of London's Deptford
- Stack founder Steven Watson shares five of his top magazines
- Photography: New show at LCC shows young travelling communities of the 90s
- Hilarious and charming new Maynards Bassetts' Liquorice Allsorts ad by Jack Sachs


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"Breakfast buffet on the weekends 8-1pm only $10.99 with omelette bar! Best omelette on earth! Lol"
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"Best stuffed avocado, the friendliest staff and you can't beat $2.00 Tuesdays!!! Love this place!"
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Photo SpecialBecoming ... Halle Berry
See the Catwoman star's evolution from beauty pageant-queen to red-carpet royalty. By Lucy Maher
Credit: Splash
Updated: Wednesday Jul 21, 2004 | 06:00 AM EDT
More from PEOPLE
Latest News!
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- Michael Strahan Promises Kelly Ripa and His Live! Family: I'm Always Going to Be There Whenever You Call


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Blueberries need acid soil hence growing in pots...john innes ericaceius soil. Need at least 2 vsrieties. Delicious.
Yes, get them in asap gryphon
Garden looks good Caroline. No wonder you won
Cold day.....no more than 7 degrees. Full sun and perfect for outdoors.
liri, I checked and the usual team of Monty,,Rachel, Joe and Carol remain so a fifth presenter is requested. I much prefer a single presenter.
thanks for that positive info.....seeing the glass half full instead of half empty makes a big difference.
Looks as big as my beer tankard .....almost
How about a blueberry or two smallswan? In pots of course
I would think about trained (cordon) gooseberries too
I find sizes of plants of all kinds given by the growers and sellers vary considerably. Logically,,Amamogawa should be narrower.
You can't believe a word Verdun says Caroline
B. Russel Sprout would be superb ............ok, I'll get my coat
Hiya Caroline......that looks like the biggest watering can I've seen.
Don't worry, you will soon be out there gardening again


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Yahoo! JAPAN (PINK:YAHOY) is one of the largest Internet companies in Japan with a highly diversified product portfolio which includes search, a mobile platform and eCommerce. The company generated approximately JPY 300 billion ($3.5 billion) during 2012 with company wide gross margins of approximately 90%. We expect revenue growth to be slow and gross margins to stay relatively flat since Yahoo! JAPAN is a mature company and will likely be able to maintain its position in most of the markets it operates in.
Yahoo! JAPAN has a relatively diversified business, with its three largest operating segments contributing around 17% of its total value. We think that the firm's growth will come from mobile advertising over the next few years as users substitute PCs for mobile devices for much of their content consumption.
See our complete analysis of Yahoo! JAPAN here
Mobile Advertising Platform Key For Growth
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According to our estimates, mobile advertising contributes approximately 17% to Yahoo! JAPAN's total value, even though it made up for only around 7% of advertising revenues in 2012. We think that this division will be the biggest growth driver for Yahoo! JAPAN and estimate that around 15% of total revenues will be come from mobile advertising by 2015.
In our opinion, the primary growth driver in mobile ad revenues will be the increase in the number of page views on Yahoo! JAPAN's mobile ad platform. We think that monthly page views per unique visitor will increase from around 250 to approximately 550. This growth will be driven by an increase in smartphone penetration in Japan, which currently stands at a surprisingly low 15%. As this figure increases, more users will access web services via mobile phones and is a trend that will benefit Yahoo! JAPAN.
Another factor which will drive mobile ad revenues is the increase in mobile ad spending expected in the Japanese market. According to research firm eMarketer, mobile ad spending is expected to double and reach $2.6 billion by 2016. [1] Due to this trend, we expect revenue per 1,000 page views (RPM) to increase from approximately JPY 148 in 2012 to around JPY 215 by the end of our forecast period.
Shopping & Auctions Provide Solid Base
According to our estimates, Yahoo! JAPAN's eCommerce business is the biggest contributor to its value at around 18%. The division generated total revenues of approximately JPY 60 billion in 2012, and we expect total revenues from this division to increase slowly to around JPY 75 billion by the end of our forecast period.
While Yahoo! JAPAN faces competition in this division from Japanese eCommerce giant Rakuten, we think that the firm will be able to capitalize on the increase in online spending by consumers. According to research firm Forrester, eCommerce sales are expected to grow over 50% from around JPY 4.9 trillion in 2012 to JPY 7.6 trillion in 2015. [2] This growth will translate to an increase in the transaction value on both Yahoo! Auctions and Shopping, making this segment an important driver of Yahoo! JAPAN's value.
We currently have a $14 price estimate for Yahoo! JAPAN, which is around 30% above the current market price.
Click Here To Understand What Drives A Stock At TrefisNotes:


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Nutrition: How to banish the barbecue blues
One of the pleasures of summer is the barbecue. But despite the apparent simplicity of cooking food over an open flame, it is quite easy to turn al fresco eating into a charred mess.
Food poisoning is a risk when meat is left out of the fridge for too long before cooking or is not fully cooked through. Even the tongs you use to handle the raw meat can pass bacteria to other foods, so best to have one set reserved exclusively for raw foods.
Of course, much of the flavour comes from the charring, but burned food is a potential source of carcinogens, notably polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAA). Both have been linked to an increase in cancers in animals. PAH is found in charred food and also in the smoke that we breathe in while barbecuing. HAA is found in all cooked meat, but more so when the meat is cooked quickly in direct contact with flames.
You can reduce the risk of bacterial infection and exposure to carcinogens with some simple steps. Marinade the meat, chicken or fish in olive oil and lemon juice, then par-cook it in the oven, using the barbecue more to finish off. At the same time, get the barbecue going and let it burn out, no flames, and leave it until the charcoal is glowing red, which takes at least 40 minutes.
If you are using a gas barbecue, allow the grill to get hot before placing the food on it and use a low heat. Take the meat and pat off the excess olive oil with paper towels before barbecuing, making sure that the meat is not directly above the charcoal, but if possible on a raised grill so there is no direct contact with the flames. If the food is charred, do not eat the burned parts, and ensure the it is cooked through — the worst of both worlds is charred on the outside and pink in the middle.
Ian Marber is one of the UK's most highly regarded nutrition experts and the author of 11 books. Follow him at Twitter @IanMarber. He is talking about food allegies at the LJCC on June 17. Book at www.ljcc.org.uk
My aim is to ensure no one forgets
How do different generations confront the horrors of the past?
The hot new loaf courtesy of Bubbe
Why a traditional Yiddish dessert is taking the baking world by storm
Rich chocolate and orange babka
Made with loads of orange zest, mixed spice and chocolate
The community forgets divorced fathers suffer too
Q When I separated after a long marriage, everyone told me how hard it would be as a divorced Jewish dad, but I didn't believe them.


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We expose slave masters and people smugglers in suburban Britain.
Is there more to life than money?
22 Jun 2011 11:41 GMT | Middle East, Yemen
Dozens of alleged al-Qaeda fighters have escaped from a prison in southern Yemen, according to security officials.
Up to 40 inmates attacked the guards and seized their arms early on Wednesday, as bands of heavily armed gunmen attacked the prison in the port city of Mukalla in Hadramout province, the Associated Press news agency citing security officials said.
Local sources told Al Jazeera at least one prisoner and a policeman were killed in exchange of gunfire.
Officials said those who escaped included fighters convicted on terror charges or held in protective custody pending their trial.
Wednesday's jailbreak is the latest sign that Yemen's uprising has emboldened al-Qaeda fighters to challenge authorities in the country's nearly lawless south.
The last major jail breakout by al-Qaeda fighters in the country took place in 2006, when 23 prisoners escaped a Sanaa detention facility.
Ali Abdullah Saleh, the Yemeni president, is in Saudi Arabia for medical treatment after he was badly injured in an attack on his presidential palace last month.
The al-Qaeda fighters are presumably taking advantage of Saleh's absence, which has created a power vacuum in the country.
But opposition activists, seeking Saleh's ouster, say the regime is deliberately raising the bogey of al-Qaeda to discredit the anti-government uprising.
Last month gunmen, alleged to be al-Qaeda fighters, reportedly took control of Zinjibar, the capital of the country's southern Abyan province.
Government officials said on Monday at least 12 fighters linked to al-Qaeda were killed in gun battles with the Yemeni army in the city after it launched an offensive to retake the town.
Source: Agencies
Fighters killed as troops battle to retake southern city of Zinjibar, as protests against president continue in capital.
Politics, Middle East, US & Canada, Saudi Arabia, United States
At least 30 people reported killed in strikes on city of Zinjibar, which is said to be held by al-Qaeda-linked fighters.
Politics, Middle East, Yemen
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Some say they extort money, but franeleros insist they are just trying to make a living in Mexico's informal economy.
Will a plastic bag levy be enough to fix Indonesia's rubbish problem?
For ethnic Hausa, the traditional form of boxing known as dambe is more than a sport - it is part of their identity.
Nigeria, Sport
Rape is Malawi's most reported crime. Ujamaa initiative is helping schoolkids defend themselves against perpetrators.
Malawi, Africa, Women
Supporters of Shia cleric Muqtada al-Sadr enter fortified district after MPs fail to convene for cabinet reshuffle vote.
Middle East, Politics, Iraq, ISIS
Air strikes hit residential areas in divided Syrian city as fighting between government and rebels escalates.
Humanitarian crises, War & Conflict, Middle East, Syria's Civil War
We examine how cyber thieves are hacking the world's financial architecture and why it's not just about money.
Business & Economy, Science & Technology, Crime
We follow the journey of Kenyans seeking justice for Britain's role in the torture during the 1950s Mau Mau uprising.
Kenya, United Kingdom, Africa
People & Power investigates the environmental consequences of palm oil plantations in equatorial Africa.
Environment, Africa, Cameroon
Five years on, Misratans reflect on the siege of their city and how it played a role in the downfall of Gaddafi.
Libya, War & Conflict, Muammar Gaddafi


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Get A Jump On Holiday Gifting At This Party Pop-Up
Pop-up shops never fail to get us stoked for browsing — and luckily, U Street shop Lettie Gooch is hosting an awesome one to kick off the holiday-shopping season. The boutique's first-ever pop-up is debuting this weekend at Tabula Rasa on Capitol Hill, and festivities include a Friday night launch party with bubbly and a DJ.
The shop's current wares will be on hand — think great party dresses and ample denim options to get you through winter — and there's a trunk show for organic line Stewart + Brown, too. Add in brunch at an Eastern Market or Barracks Row hotspot, and you've got the perfect weekend day on your hands.
When: Pop-up is Saturday, November 17, from 11 a.m. to 8 p.m., and Sunday, November 18, from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m. Launch party is Friday, November 16, from 4 p.m. to 9 p.m.
Where: Tabula Rasa, 731 8th Street SE; no phone.
Where: Tabula Rasa, 731 8th Street SE; no phone.
Photo: Courtesy of Stewart + Brown
- Washington, D.C. | Lettie Gooch Pop-Up Shop - Capitol Hill Shopping Events
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9 Free Fitness Classes To Fuel Your Workout
We'll be the first to admit that when it comes to getting in shape, we've used all sorts of excuses to try to get out of a tough workout. One that really comes in handy? Pricey gym memberships and class fees. After all, when you're broke, isn't it better to stay home rather than take a hit in the finance department? (The ...
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Mar 21, 2014


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|By Marketwired .
Article Rating:
|July 31, 2014 11:30 AM EDT
REDWOOD SHORES, CA -- (Marketwired) -- 07/31/14 -- Oracle (NYSE: ORCL)
News Summary
As organizations build a strategy for digital transformation, they are seeking a unified approach to enterprisewide identity management that provides consistent access controls and an optimized user experience across the extended enterprise. To help organizations offer more digital services, Oracle Identity Management provides the foundation to connect to the internet value chain and economies of scale to manage users across all channels of interaction including cloud, mobile, and social. The Oracle stack allows companies to homogenize and defragment identity information and services, which can result in faster deployment times, faster upgrades, and lower cost of ownership. Today, many companies are already reaping economic benefits with the simplified user experience and greater end user participation.
News Facts
- Customers and partners around the world spanning nearly every industry continue to choose Oracle Identity Management to provide seamless and secure access to nearly any application from any device, identify and automate who has access to what, and provide a common view of the user across multiple channels.
- Recent customers to adopt Oracle Identity Management include Teach for America and Toyota. These customers join more than 30 thousand who have deployed Oracle Identity Management including Avea, Educational Testing Service, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Seneca College, and UL. Oracle Identity Management is a set of scalable, open, best-of-breed solutions that deliver distinct value and support a unified approach to enterprise wide identity management across the extended enterprise, including cloud, mobile, and social channels.
- Currently, more than 145 alliance partners have achieved OPN Specialized status for Oracle Identity Management products including Oracle Access Management Suite Plus, Oracle Identity Governance Suite, and others. Continuing the momentum, Oracle has enabled alliance partners across the globe, including Accenture, APTEC, Aurionpro Sena, Hub City Media, ICSynergy, Persistent Systems, PwC, Simeio Solutions, and TechDemocracy, to provide delivery services and help enable their customers to secure the extended enterprise.
- Oracle's unified approach to enterprise wide identity management is setting a new equilibrium for economies of scale, and today more than a billion identities across the globe are managed by Oracle.
- Oracle continues to add innovative solutions to Oracle Identity Management including Oracle Mobile Security Suite, which enables organizations to safely provide access to sensitive enterprise applications and data on users' preferred mobile devices, and Oracle Mobile Authenticator, a token-based authentication application that enables organizations to cost-effectively provide strong authentication and prevent unauthorized access to vital company and customer data.
- Oracle OpenWorld in San Francisco, September 28-October 2, 2014, is scheduled to feature more than 20 Oracle Identity Management sessions and hands-on labs presented by Oracle product experts in conjunction with customers and partners. Additionally, Oracle DEMOgrounds will highlight Oracle Identity Management solutions including the latest cloud and mobile solutions.
- Oracle Identity Management is part of Oracle Fusion Middleware, the leading business innovation platform for the enterprise and the cloud.
Supporting Quotes
- "Oracle Identity Management allows us to provide seamless access to our software systems," said Jim Moran, chief information security officer, Educational Testing Service. "Through our centralized identity services, we are able to manage access to applications whether they are cloud-based, hosted at a third party, or on-premises, without the need to provision and deprovision identities in each target application. This greatly improves the user experience and provides tighter security, all at reduced implementation cost compared to alternatives."
- "By teaming with Oracle, we've been able to help our clients achieve a more secure business environment through delivering scalable identity management solutions for the extended enterprise," said Gerard Verweij, global Oracle alliance leader, PwC, an Oracle Diamond Partner of Oracle PartnerNetwork. "Combining Oracle's offerings with PwC's industry experience and ability to help our clients with technology-enabled business transformation -- from strategy through execution -- has resulted in numerous success stories from our clients around the world."
- "With Oracle Identity Management, we are now able to grant users single-sign-on access to enterprise and cloud applications from anywhere," said Thomas Licciardello, vice president, Technology Operations, Teach for America. "By connecting applications to our cloud-based systems with Oracle Identity Management, we can immediately provision and deprovision user rights, thus creating a great user experience while also effectively managing risk for the organization -- everyone wins."
- "Toyota's global vision is to lead with mobility by enabling the passenger's digital experience. Oracle Identity Management enables Toyota's digital transformation by providing an access solution that supports Toyota and our journey into the future," said Karen Nocket, vice president, Enterprise Services, Toyota.
- "At UL our goal is to be a source of knowledge and the go-to resource for tough problems and innovative technologies. Oracle Identity Management is enabling our business goals by streamlining and standardizing our security and audit process to safeguard our systems and our clients' information while allowing UL to help its customers win in the global market place," said Bob Jamieson, information security director at UL. "Safety, like security, means trusting and verifying -- Oracle provides an efficient way to put controls in place and verify they are working."
Supporting Resources
- Oracle Identity Management
- Oracle Mobile Security Suite
- Oracle Fusion Middleware
- Follow Oracle Identity Management via Twitter, Facebook, and Blog
About Oracle
Oracle engineers hardware and software to work together in the cloud and in your data center. For more information about Oracle (NYSE: ORCL), visit oracle.com.
Oracle and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
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We're entering the post-smartphone era, where wearable gadgets from watches and fitness bands to glasses and health aids will power the next technological revolution. With mass adoption of wearable devices comes a new data ecosystem that must be protected. Wearables open new pathways that facilitate the tracking, sharing and storing of consumers' personal health, location and daily activity data. Consumers have some idea of the data these devices capture, but most don't realize how revealing and...
May. 5, 2016 01:45 PM EDT Reads: 731
The demand for organizations to expand their infrastructure to multiple IT environments like the cloud, on-premise, mobile, bring your own device (BYOD) and the Internet of Things (IoT) continues to grow. As this hybrid infrastructure increases, the challenge to monitor the security of these systems increases in volume and complexity. In his session at 18th Cloud Expo, Stephen Coty, Chief Security Evangelist at Alert Logic, will show how properly configured and managed security architecture can...
May. 5, 2016 01:30 PM EDT Reads: 538
There is an ever-growing explosion of new devices that are connected to the Internet using "cloud" solutions. This rapid growth is creating a massive new demand for efficient access to data. And it's not just about connecting to that data anymore. This new demand is bringing new issues and challenges and it is important for companies to scale for the coming growth. And with that scaling comes the need for greater security, gathering and data analysis, storage, connectivity and, of course, the...
May. 5, 2016 12:30 PM EDT Reads: 1,301
The IETF draft standard for M2M certificates is a security solution specifically designed for the demanding needs of IoT/M2M applications. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Brian Romansky, VP of Strategic Technology at TrustPoint Innovation, will explain how M2M certificates can efficiently enable confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity on highly constrained devices.
May. 5, 2016 12:30 PM EDT Reads: 1,337
SYS-CON Events announced today that Peak 10, Inc., a national IT infrastructure and cloud services provider, will exhibit at SYS-CON's 18th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on June 7-9, 2016, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. Peak 10 provides reliable, tailored data center and network services, cloud and managed services. Its solutions are designed to scale and adapt to customers' changing business needs, enabling them to lower costs, improve performance and focus inter...
May. 5, 2016 12:30 PM EDT Reads: 1,472
trust and privacy in their ecosystem. Assurance and protection of device identity, secure data encryption and authentication are the key security challenges organizations are trying to address when integrating IoT devices. This holds true for IoT applications in a wide range of industries, for example, healthcare, consumer devices, and manufacturing. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Lancen LaChance, vice president of product management, IoT solutions at GlobalSign, will teach IoT developers how t...
May. 5, 2016 11:30 AM EDT Reads: 679
The IoTs will challenge the status quo of how IT and development organizations operate. Or will it? Certainly the fog layer of IoT requires special insights about data ontology, security and transactional integrity. But the developmental challenges are the same: People, Process and Platform. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Craig Sproule, CEO of Metavine, will demonstrate how to move beyond today's coding paradigm and share the must-have mindsets for removing complexity from the development proc...
May. 5, 2016 10:15 AM EDT Reads: 1,007
So, you bought into the current machine learning craze and went on to collect millions/billions of records from this promising new data source. Now, what do you do with them? Too often, the abundance of data quickly turns into an abundance of problems. How do you extract that "magic essence" from your data without falling into the common pitfalls? In her session at @ThingsExpo, Natalia Ponomareva, Software Engineer at Google, will provide tips on how to be successful in large scale machine lear...
May. 5, 2016 10:15 AM EDT Reads: 1,554
Increasing IoT connectivity is forcing enterprises to find elegant solutions to organize and visualize all incoming data from these connected devices with re-configurable dashboard widgets to effectively allow rapid decision-making for everything from immediate actions in tactical situations to strategic analysis and reporting. In his session at 18th Cloud Expo, Shikhir Singh, Senior Developer Relations Manager at Sencha, will discuss how to create HTML5 dashboards that interact with IoT devic...
May. 5, 2016 10:00 AM EDT Reads: 1,455
Artificial Intelligence has the potential to massively disrupt IoT. In his session at 18th Cloud Expo, AJ Abdallat, CEO of Beyond AI, will discuss what the five main drivers are in Artificial Intelligence that could shape the future of the Internet of Things. AJ Abdallat is CEO of Beyond AI. He has over 20 years of management experience in the fields of artificial intelligence, sensors, instruments, devices and software for telecommunications, life sciences, environmental monitoring, process...
May. 5, 2016 09:30 AM EDT Reads: 1,470
You think you know what's in your data. But do you? Most organizations are now aware of the business intelligence represented by their data. Data science stands to take this to a level you never thought of – literally. The techniques of data science, when used with the capabilities of Big Data technologies, can make connections you had not yet imagined, helping you discover new insights and ask new questions of your data. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Sarbjit Sarkaria, data science team lead ...
May. 5, 2016 09:00 AM EDT Reads: 1,263
SYS-CON Events announced today that Ericsson has been named "Gold Sponsor" of SYS-CON's @ThingsExpo, which will take place on June 7-9, 2016, at the Javits Center in New York, New York. Ericsson is a world leader in the rapidly changing environment of communications technology – providing equipment, software and services to enable transformation through mobility. Some 40 percent of global mobile traffic runs through networks we have supplied. More than 1 billion subscribers around the world re...
May. 5, 2016 08:45 AM EDT Reads: 1,386
We've worked with dozens of early adopters across numerous industries and will debunk common misperceptions, which starts with understanding that many of the connected products we'll use over the next 5 years are already products, they're just not yet connected. With an IoT product, time-in-market provides much more essential feedback than ever before. Innovation comes from what you do with the data that the connected product provides in order to enhance the customer experience and optimize busi...
May. 5, 2016 06:00 AM EDT Reads: 1,352
In his session at @ThingsExpo, Chris Klein, CEO and Co-founder of Rachio, will discuss next generation communities that are using IoT to create more sustainable, intelligent communities. One example is Sterling Ranch, a 10,000 home development that – with the help of Siemens – will integrate IoT technology into the community to provide residents with energy and water savings as well as intelligent security. Everything from stop lights to sprinkler systems to building infrastructures will run ef...
May. 5, 2016 02:00 AM EDT Reads: 1,315
Manufacturers are embracing the Industrial Internet the same way consumers are leveraging Fitbits – to improve overall health and wellness. Both can provide consistent measurement, visibility, and suggest performance improvements customized to help reach goals. Fitbit users can view real-time data and make adjustments to increase their activity. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Mark Bernardo Professional Services Leader, Americas, at GE Digital, will discuss how leveraging the Industrial Interne...
May. 5, 2016 12:45 AM EDT Reads: 1,407
The increasing popularity of the Internet of Things necessitates that our physical and cognitive relationship with wearable technology will change rapidly in the near future. This advent means logging has become a thing of the past. Before, it was on us to track our own data, but now that data is automatically available. What does this mean for mHealth and the "connected" body? In her session at @ThingsExpo, Lisa Calkins, CEO and co-founder of Amadeus Consulting, will discuss the impact of wea...
May. 5, 2016 12:00 AM EDT Reads: 1,229
Whether your IoT service is connecting cars, homes, appliances, wearable, cameras or other devices, one question hangs in the balance – how do you actually make money from this service? The ability to turn your IoT service into profit requires the ability to create a monetization strategy that is flexible, scalable and working for you in real-time. It must be a transparent, smoothly implemented strategy that all stakeholders – from customers to the board – will be able to understand and comprehe...
May. 4, 2016 11:45 PM EDT Reads: 1,285
A critical component of any IoT project is the back-end systems that capture data from remote IoT devices and structure it in a way to answer useful questions. Traditional data warehouse and analytical systems are mature technologies that can be used to handle large data sets, but they are not well suited to many IoT-scale products and the need for real-time insights. At Fuze, we have developed a backend platform as part of our mobility-oriented cloud service that uses Big Data-based approache...
May. 4, 2016 03:30 PM EDT Reads: 739
Digital payments using wearable devices such as smart watches, fitness trackers, and payment wristbands are an increasing area of focus for industry participants, and consumer acceptance from early trials and deployments has encouraged some of the biggest names in technology and banking to continue their push to drive growth in this nascent market. Wearable payment systems may utilize near field communication (NFC), radio frequency identification (RFID), or quick response (QR) codes and barcodes...
May. 4, 2016 08:15 AM EDT Reads: 1,036
You deployed your app with the Bluemix PaaS and it's gaining some serious traction, so it's time to make some tweaks. Did you design your application in a way that it can scale in the cloud? Were you even thinking about the cloud when you built the app? If not, chances are your app is going to break. Check out this webcast to learn various techniques for designing applications that will scale successfully in Bluemix, for the confidence you need to take your apps to the next level and beyond.
May. 3, 2016 12:15 PM EDT Reads: 1,646


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Curly Castro - FIDEL
Posted 3 years ago
Tags: Curly Castro, Free Downloads
Flatbush, Brooklyn up-and-comer Curly Castro has come together with The DJBooth to bring listeners his digital debut album, FIDEL.
A 13-track set which finds the artist exploring racial issues as he chronicles his growth from adolescence to adulthood, the LP comes on the heels of reader-approved lead single "Coal" and video single "They Call Me Castro." Joining Castro on the guest tip throughout FIDEL are Ari Lourdes, Has-Lo, Yung Yorrisey (of BLKHRTS) and Zilla Rocca. Production comes courtesy of Blueprint, Blurry Drones, DJ Xclusive, Georgia Anne Muldrow, Has-Lo, Nex Milen, Small Professor and Zilla Rocca.
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Written by richard
Posted 3 years ago
Related Songs & Features
Curly Castro - They Call Me Castro
Posted 3 years ago by richard
Curly Castro ft. Has-Lo - Coal
editors picks | indie | lyrical | premiere
Posted 3 years ago by richard
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I know that the Snow Leopard Library is hidden somewhere and I can't rememner how to find it. Can someone pleae give me dirctions to find where it's hidden?
In the Finder look in the far left column and click on your home folder (your name with a little house icon). Then Library should be in that, and clicking on Library will show you all your different libraries. Are you looking for a particular thing?
OSX 10.6 Snow Leopard does not hide the User Library Folder.
OSX 10.7 Lion does hide it.
Open a Finder window. Option-Go Library will show the Library folder in the Finder window.
Or permanently:
Open Terminal, then enter:
chflags nohidden ~/Library
Press return, then restart, and it will always be visible until the next major update, when you do the same thing again.
I've tried what you suggested and my library is not under the folder. I've also lost my photoshop elements folder after upgrading. Are you able to help?
What system are you running?
If it's not Lion or Mt. Lion it is here:
NOTE: In Lion and Mountain Lion the Home/Library folder is now invisible. To make it permanently visible enter the following in the Terminal application window: chflags nohidden ~/Library and press the Return key - 10.7: Un-hide the User Library folder.
Thank you so much. Would you happen to know how I can find my photoshop elements folder. I've upgraded to snow leopard and now part of the folder is gone. I'm trying to follow the following path to upload photo actions I've purchased.
System Library/Application Support/ Adobe / Photoshop Elements 9 / and then there should be Photo Creations (missing) / Photo effects (missing).
Thanks again for all your help, it's greatly appreciated
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"Reducing the environmental impact of shipping in order to upgrade its image as an environmentally friendly mode of transportation, is one of the most important topics for the maritime industry," he said in his introduction. Apart from fuel efficiency and emissions also statutory delegation and ship recycling was on the agenda. Canada is currently implementing a National Shipbuilding Procurement Strategy aimed at renewing the federal fleet and building world-class shipbuilding capability in Canada, while providing more predictable work for the maritime industry. The overall goal is to strengthen the competitiveness of Canadian shipbuilding yards vis-à-vis European yards in building complex ships.
While there are significant savings from operational and low-level technical changes, the greatest savings generally can be achieved when engineering optimizations are taken into account. Most ships were designed for operating conditions that are no longer valid. For example, a ship with a design speed of 25 knots might be operated at 18 knots in today's environment. "Since its bulbous bow is not optimized for this speed, the generated wave patterns cause the water resistance to increase," explained Volker Höppner from GL subsidiary Future Ship. As a result, fuel costs rise.
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Murano glass cat aquarium with a fish in the belly
Cats 3D, Cats Cats, Aquariums Design, Cat Fish, Aquariums Pin, Cat Aquarium, Fish Fishtanks, Aquariums Fish Tanks
Murano glass cat aquarium with a fish in the belly...for marimo, wouldn't put fish in it.
Murano glass cat aquarium with a fish in the belly
fish tank
Awesome Fishtanks, Sjakkie S Fishtanks, Fish Aquarium, Fish Tanks Aquariums, Aquarium Ideas, Tank Tear, Aquariums Fish Tanks, Tear Drop
creative tears fish aquarium
Fish bowl? Fish tank?
Tear Drops fish tanks
Fish tank tear drops
fish tank tears
Fish bowl
Betta Fish Bowl, Beta Fish Tank, Betta Bowl, Fish Tanks, Betta Fish Tank, Small Fish Tank, Fish Tank Decoration, Fishtank, Fish Bowls
Fish bowl - Very pretty but not practical. Cleaning would be difficult and getting a betta in it would be difficult
Fish bowl that adds to the decor instead of detracting. Would be pretty cool as a shrimp tank.
Betta Fish Bowl Mounted On A Beautiful Piece Of Driftwood. http://www.driftwoodboss.com
Fish bowl that adds to the decor instead of detracting...too small for most fish though.
Molten Sculptural Bowl | $135 | Base is gnarled root of gamal tree. Quick growing but relatively short-lived trees that r used by farmers in Indonesia as live fencing; new saplings grow in to replace older growth; roots are draped w/hand blown glass vessel, which takes on unique, organic form as it cradles into nooks, ridges of its new base. On its own, is striking, sculptural accent, it can be put to use as well; provides eye-catching setting for cut flowers or fish bowl. Handmade in Indonesia.
Fish bowl. I love the idea of fish bowls displayed within the folds of driftwood...
A really cool betta bowl
Coolest fish tank ever!
Betta fish bowl
Spectacular DIY Fish Tank Coffee Table - Free Guide and Tutorial
If you want to bring in something special in your home a fish tank coffee table may be just what you need. It's one of the most beautiful and eye-catching home decoration idea . Directions with 7 steps--> http://wonderfuldiy.com/wonderful-diy-amazing-fish-tank-coffee-table-with-7-steps/
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12 Easter Egg Projects --> http://wonderfuldiy.com/wonderful-diy-hello-kitty-easter-eggs/ #diy #coffee table #furniture
DIY Aquarium coffee table with 7 steps --> http://wonderfuldiy.com/wonderful-diy-amazing-fish-tank-coffee-table-with-7-steps/ #diy #fishtank Home Decor Ideas - http://www.home-decor-ideas.net
DIY Aquarium coffee table with 7 steps --> http://wonderfuldiy.com/wonderful-diy-amazing-fish-tank-coffee-table-with-7-steps/ #diy #fishtank
DIY Aquarium coffee table with 7 steps --> wonderfuldiy.com/... #diy #fishtank #DIY_Home_Decor #Home_Decor #Home_Decor_Ideas #Home_Design
If you want to bring in something special in your home a fish tank coffee table may be just what you need. It's one of the most beautiful and eye-catching home decoration idea . Directions with 7 steps--> http://wonderfuldiy.com/wonderful-diy-amazing-fish-tank-coffee-table-with-7-steps/
Spectacular DIY Fish Tank Coffee Table – Free Guide and Tutorial - http://theperfectdiy.com/spectacular-diy-fish-tank-coffee-table-free-guide-and-tutorial/ #DIY, #HomeIdeaGardening
Fish tank table would be super cool
DIY Fish Tank Coffee Table
Aquariums Fish, Planted Tank, Koi Angelfish, Fish Tanks, Fishtank, Angel Fish
See more in the All Things Aquaria board: https://www.pinterest.com/JibinAbraham/all-things-aquaria/ Planted aquarium
I'm fascinated with angel fish. I think it would really amazing to have a huge tank like this with big angels gracefully moving around. Big science.
I would've stocked it with koi angelfish ❤
Beautifully planted aquarium
The big aquarium angel fish
HUGE planted tank
Planted aquarium
Aquarium rock
Huge Aquarium #aquariums, #design, https://facebook.com/apps/application.php?id=106186096099420
Aquariums Fishtanks, Absurd Fishtank, Aquarium Fishtanks, Amazing Fish Tanks, Tanks Fish, Reef Tank, Fish Aquariums, Aquarium Ideas, Aquariums Fish Tanks
Amazing fish tank - if i had a house, i would give this house room. <3
This absurd fishtank......yep....MINE. #erethangsmine #june6
Amazing fish tank in my living room
Amazing fish tank #aquarium
Amazing fish tank!!!!!!!!
Amazing fish tank
Cool reef tank!
Reef tank
This is wonderful - if you don't like responsibility - From the Smithsonian Shop - http://www.smithsonianstore.com/gifts/handcrafted-gifts/murano-glass-aquarium-7147.html?utm_source=Smithsonianstoreedm_medium=email_campaign=P3IE813A_content=artisancrafts=sbv=P3IE813A=_BPiUqlB8h1HhQQ=Nslos4=aquarium $199.95
Murano Glass Aquarium
Glass Art, Fish Aquarium, Murano Glass
Murano Glass Aquarium Murano Glass Aquarium products-i-love
I have always been fascinated by this glasswork! Don't Feed the Fish. Handmade by Murano glass blowers, our Murano Glass Aquarium is embedded with colored rods of glass, called murrina, that form floating fish and reeds. Each will vary.
Amazon.com: Smithsonian Murano Glass Aquarium: Pet Supplies
Murano Glass Aquarium Murano Glass Aquarium
Murano Art Glass 1960's Alfredo Barbini Fish Aquarium
I love these Murano aquariums. I want some
Murano Glass Art "Aquarium"
Murano glass fish
fish tank
Table Fish bag
Murano glass fish bag
Fish Bags, Murano Glass
Murano glass fish bag #transparency www.clerkbase.com/transparency.php
Murano glass fish bag-- Water Gallery-esque! #mywatergallery
Murano glass fish bag. Poor fish he looks sad :(.
Fish bag in Murano Glass - MuranoNet Online Store
Murano glass fish bag www.nipon-scope.com
Murano glass fish bag #art #cute
Murano glass fish bag - adorable
Fish bag - ooooooh so want this!
Aquariums Fish, Betta Tank, Betta Vase, Aquarium Fish, Fish Aquariums, Fishtank, Betta Aquarium, Betta Fish
not good betta tank, but pretty way too small, but it's great with just the plants
Betta Fish tall aquarium . Perfect no care fish for college dorm.
This idea for a betta tank makes me lose all hope in humanity.
maybe not the best betta aquarium, but still very beautiful
Betta tank in a glass vase. I would add a bubbler
not good betta tank, but pretty
Betta vase with live plants
#Betta Fish #Aquarium
ゝ。Betta Fish Vase.
Fish Tanks!!
Betta Fish Bowl, Mitrani Fishtanks, Fish Tanks, Artistic Aquarium, Aquarium Fish, Fishtanks Scary, Fishtanks Pets, Unique Aquariums
31 unique aquariums glass-art If you have a fondness for glass art yet also want to keep fish as pets, there are dozens of options available for you. These decorative fish tanks by Vanessa Mitrani have organic bubbles that balloon this way and that to provide an environment in which betas can survive. Cleaning is done with a soft sponge and water.
These decorative fish tanks by Vanessa Mitrani have organic bubbles that balloon this way and that to provide an environment in which betas can survive. Not ideal for betta since they prefer tanks with a larger surface area because they use that area to breathe. But so pretty
http://laughingidiot.com/cute-baby-9.html Fish Tanks!! for-my-villa-in-santrini-if-i-had-one #baby #funny #laughter
Artistic aquariums. These are so cool! #aquarium #fish
Art Fish Tanks!! for-my-villa-in-santrini-if-i-had-one
Vanessa Mitrani fishtanks pets-and-pet-stuff
Vanessa Mitrani fishtanks (scary but cool)
Vanessa Mitrani fishtanks, I love these
Artistic aquariums. These are so cool!
How to Care for a Betta Fish in a Vase
maybe I'll have one at home for myself!
Betta Bowl, Beta Fish, Fish Bowls Ideas, Betta Fish
You may have seen the somewhat popular display of a betta fish in a vase. Touted to be an all-inclusive ecosystem for both plant and fish, this lovely display of a vase with a peace lily or pothos plant and brilliant-colored fish is really misleading. You will often hear from dealers that you don't need to feed or clean your fish and bowl, but this...
This makes a great gift and so easy to do. 1 Betta fish, 1 Peace Lilly, small plastic tray (cut to hold plant), glass pebbles and an extra Vase.
Betta Fish Vase with plant...Made some of these for xmas gifts last year, I love them! :)
Unique Betta Fish Bowls | Siamese Fighting Fish Tanks
Fishbowl/vase to go in office
Beta fish vases! How cool.
Beautiful indoor plant
Cool centerpiece idea
Beautiful Betta bowl
Awesome Aquariums, Mermaid Aquarium, Torso Fish, Fish Tanks, Fishtanks, Fish Aquariums, Fishbowl, Fish Bowls
Mermaid.. what a unique way to use a clear mannequin for a fish tank Find your clear mannequin at MannequinMadness.com $160
A glass fish tank in the shape of a female mannequin #aquarium #fish #goldfish #art #fishtank
Torso fish tank. Or other uniquely shaped glass containers
Torso fish tank no-we-re-getting-this-for-the-house
Torso fish tank... great for bathroom!!!
mannequin fishbowl. love!
Mermaid aquarium
awesome aquarium
Torso fish bowl
Aquarium Art
Aquariums Fish, Awesome Aquariums, Aquarium Fish, Fish Aquariums, Aquarium Design, Fishtank
Love the fish tank & how they carried the theme with the coral sink and lighting! classic, not tacky nautical. love.
Love the fish tank!...I'm jealous
Love the fish tank as a bar end.
I would LOVE this fishtank!
Love the fish tank!
Kitchen Fish Tank
Fish tank
The World's Top 10 Best Themed Fish Tanks http://theverybesttop10.com/2014/03/06/themed-fish-tanks/ #Fish #Aquariums #Supermario
Planted Tank, Fish Aquarium, Betta Fish Tank, Fishtank, Aquarium Decoration, Fish Tank Idea, Aquarium Idea
The World's Top 10 Best Themed Fish Tanks http://theverybesttop10.com/2014/03/06/themed-fish-tanks/ #Fish #Aquariums #Supermario . Selected by http://sleepbamboo.com/
Inspiaration aquarium asiatique. Fish Tanks http://theverybesttop10.com/2014/03/06/themed-fish-tanks/ #Fish #Aquariums
Id take the budda out but i love the set up. The World's Top 10 Best Themed Fish Tanks http://theverybesttop10.com/2014/03/06/themed-fish-tanks/ #Fish #Aquariums #Supermario
The World's Top 10 Best Themed Fish Tanks theverybesttop10.... #Fish #Aquariums #Supermario
bamboo and aquatic plants - natural looking aquarium idea
Betta fish aquarium featuring a Buddhist theme.
betta fish tanks - Google Search
natural looking beta tanks
Murano Ring - Cholera
Ring | Pasionae Designs. Handmade using authentic Murano glass - artist unknown
Designer Pasionae, Glass Jewelry, Murano Glass, Murano Ring
Pasionae Cholera Murano Glass Ring ($420) ❤ liked on Polyvore featuring jewelry, rings, handcrafted jewellery, hand crafted jewelry, murano glass rings, murano glass jewelry and handcrafted jewelry
MURANO GLASS RING – CHOLERA $450.00 Handmade using the finest quality of authentic Murano glass, this ring exhibits the glass unique texture, color and shape, making each piece one-of-a-kind. Made in Italy. #Fashion #Design #Womens #Accessories #Jewelry #Rings
Murano Ring Cholera, $340, now featured on Fab. Fab.com | Metamorphic, Emotive Rings PASIONAE is a contemporary label that uses fashion as its artistic medium, offering bold, dramatic pieces that balance the aesthetic and functional aspects of design. Its styles reflect an intriguing and experimental use of color, texture, and shape.– Candela Turco, Creative Director, PASIONAE Pinned via pinmarklet
Handmade using authentic Murano glass - artist unknown~Pasionae Designs
Pasionae / Murano Glass Ring | Bague en verre de Murano.
Murano Glass Ring - Cholera from PASIONAE New York
Murano Glass Ring - Cholera via NOT JUST A LABEL
Handmade Ring Murano glass
Murano Glass


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